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^^M^H
GENERAL LIBRARY JNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
THE
Hagerman Collection
°* »«0«» KlUkTHM TO
HISTORY AND POUTtCAL SCIENCE
aou«HT with noun nw» av
JAMES J. HAGERMAN OF CLASS* OF '61 Professor Charles Kendall Adams
** TUB rSAM
«S3.
* •
THE /■*'
ANNUAL REGISTER,
OR A VIEW OF THE
HISTORY
AND
POLITICS
OF THE YEAR
18 60.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR J. & P. H. RIVINQTON;
LOKOWAlt A5D 00.; RAMILTOK A5DC0.; 81MFKIX AHI> CO.; HOL'UTOif AXD W1IGBT; C01TIK ASI> CO : J. CAPES; SMITH. KLDKB AKD CO.; K. Bt'MFUB; J. WAI.LRH; J. TUOHAS : L BOOTH; A. CLEAVER: UPHAM AND BBRT; BELL A5D DALDT; WILLIB AMD WiTUERAN; BICKES8 AMD BCBH; W. HEATH. J. TOO VET ; AHD J. WHELD05.
1801.
LONDON : PRINTED BY WOOD PALL AND KI* ANQEL COURT, 8KINHER STREET.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Statb of Ptbuc Opixiov at the Beginning of the Year— Progress of Kventi in Italy—Great Interest felt in England in these Transactions— The expected Reform Bill— General Absence of Agitation or Excitement on the Question— Financial Affairs — Expectations of large Changes in this Direction — Pabuambvt Assembled 05 24tu January— Her Ma- jesty's Speech from the Throne— The Address in the House of Lords is moved by Lord Fitxwilliam, and seconded by Lord Truro— Speeches of Earl Grey, the Duke of Newcastle, Marquis of Normanby, Earl of Derby, and Earl Granville— The Address is agreed to, nem. eon. — In the Commons the Address is moved by Mr. St. Aubyn, and seconded by Lord Henley — Mr. Disraeli enters at some length into the projected new commercial relations with France, and also into the Italian policy of the Government — Lord PaJmerstoo in answer, states that the Commercial Treaty with France has been signed, and justHies its provisions— He also vindicates the policy of non-interference adopted by his Cabinet in regard to Italy — The Address is voted without opposition — Some further debate on the French Treaty arises on bringing up the Report — Remarks of the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer and of Mr. Horsman — Fobjeiqv Aftaibs — War- like preparations in France — Mr. Kinglake addresses a question to Lord John Russell on this subject — His answer — The Marquis of Normanby takes up the cause of the deposed Governments in Italy — He moves an Address to the Crown respecting the anticipated annexation of Savoy and Nice to France— Speeches of Earls Granville, Grey, and Shaftesbury, the Duke of Newcastle, Earl of Derby, and other Peers— Second Motion of Lord Normanby reflecting on the Policy of the Sardinian Government — The policy of that Power is vindicated by Earl Granville, the Marquis of Qaarkarde, and other Peers Explanations with respect to the relations
0 9
. _ xv6cuu 10 it — Speeches of Mr. Whit n, Lord Palmers ton, Mr. Disraeli, and other Members
CHAPTER II.
-The Chancellor of the Exchequer appoints the 6th of ?ing forward the Budget — Expectation of great financial n sequence of the Minister's illness the Financial Stat 3d — It is made on the 10th February, and the Commercii vnce produced at the same time — Elaborate and compi f Mr. Gladstone — Extensive changes in taxation propose* Duties—Paper Duty — Reduction of Tariff— Increase of —Reception of the Budget in the House of Commons— es notice of an Amendment disapproving of the proposed otion is postponed to give place to one made by Mr. 1 o the proceedings on the Treaty — Speeches of Mr. Disn >r of the Exchequer, Sir Hugh Cairns, the Attorney-Gen Mr. Bright, Lord John Russell, Mr. Horsman, Lord Pali Members — The amendment is negatived by 293 to 230- use of Lords on the French Treaty, and financial mea nmeni — Speeches of the Earl of Derby, Earls Grey an Duke of Argyll, and Lord Hardwicke — Mr. Du Cane' for discussion on the 21st February, and occupies thre s of Mr. Baxter, Sir 8. Northcote, Mr. Hubbard, Mr. B aring, Mr. Bright, Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Cardwell, Mr. < is ] ing, . M. Gibson, Mr. Waln^U ♦!»<■.
-n.-.
CONTENTS.
CU AFTER III.
Fisssrt — DifcVMioDi on the several portion* of the Budget — The Wine Duties— Mr. Qleditone'i exposition of thi* lubject — Mr. M. Milne* more* hi amendment in fkrour of blowing the Wine Merchant* a further draw- beck on their itockt-- It it negatived, and the original proportion* are carried — Measure for facilitating the consumption of wine by licensing Refreshment Hou*e* for the iaJe — Oppoeition of the Licensed Victualler! and the Temperance Societies — Speech of the Chancellor of the Exche- quer in rapport of hi* Bill— Mr. Crook, Mr. Wjld, Mr. AjrtoD, Mr. Edwin Jam«!i, Mr. Hard;, and Mr. Henley oppose the second reading, which U supported by Mr. Ker Seymer, Alderman Salotnom, Mr. Yilliera, Mr. Buxton, and other member* — The second reading U carried by a majority of 7-4, and the Bill bcoumes law— Removal of a great number of minor Custom* DuliM from the Tariff— Mr. T. Duncombe advocate* the ca*e of the Cork -cutter*- -Sir Joseph Paxton more* an amendment on the pro- pored remiaiion of the Silk Dutie* — The Chancellor of the Exchequer succeeds in carrying hi* proposition — Tub lacona Tax — A resolution ii moved to increase the rate to lOof. in the pound for one year — Sir Henry Willougbby move* to substitute 9>/. — Thi* and other amendment* are negatived, and the Bill i* pawed — Excite ox Pa fib— Virion* opinions aa to the policy of repeating tbi* Tax — Sir W. Milea more* an amendment to defeat the second reading of the Bill — Speeches of Mr. Stanhope, Mr. Noma, Mr. Black, Mr. Mnguire, Lord R. Cecil, Mr. M. Gibtoa, Mr. Hora- man, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Sir John Pnkington — The amendment it rejected by *45 to IDS— The third reading i* again con- I— led. Sir Stafford Nortbcoie meeting It with a inutile motion — Speechca of Mr. M Gibeon, Mr. Puiler, Lord U. Vane, Mr. Klliee, Mr. T. Baring, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. Diaraali — The third reading i* carried by nine vote* only — Lord Montcagle give* notice of hi* intention to move it* rejection in the Home of Lord*— The Earl of Derby al*o intimate* hi* resolution to resiit thi* part of the financial *cheme — Important debate upon the second reading in the House of Lord* on the list May — Karl Granville open* the debate in an able speech — Lord Lyadbcm asserts the constitutional right of the Lord* to reject the Bill --Lard Montsaglo attacks the financial plan* of the Government — Lord Cranworth opposes Lord Lyndhunt'a view a* to privilege — Th« Duke of Argyll vindicates the Chancellor of the Exchequer'* measures— The Earl of Derby, in a powerful *p*«ch. rapport* the amend meats, and comment* severely oa Mr. Gladstone'* policy— The second reading i* negatived by a Majority of H9 — Great conflict of opinion occasioned by this proceeding of the I'pper House It i* regarded by suae a* a great infraction of the privilege* of the llous* of Commons— On grounds of financial expediency the Iswds' decision is approved in many quarters — Some agitation on the privtlegs i|a**linn take* place — In the Hutu* of Common* Lord Fainter- ■at** Basra* the apjioiBtanant of a Couuuittse to anarch for precedent* — ■
— v«uwl 1UOIUUQJD
6.«ou w without division — The assertors of the e:
f the Commons are still dissatisfied — Lord Fermoy m •rotesting against the alleged encroachment of the Lor fter a debate by 177 to 138 — The Excise Duty on 1 ontinued, Mr. Gladstone proposes an adjustment of th n that article with reference to the French Treaty — T tcturero exert their influence to defeat the measure— Th ircumstances exempting their case from the rule of F onservative party take up their cause — Mr. Gladstone i uts for his measure in a powerful speech on the 6th • uller moves an amendment, and supports the case of th< •Sir Hugh Cairns, Mr. Henley, and Mr. Disraeli support th r. Childers, Mr. Crossley, Mr. Maguire, the Attorney-Gen* issel], and Lord Palmerston maintain the principles of plicable to the case — Mr. Puller's amendment is negati 3, and the propositions of the Government are adopted.
CHAPTER IV.
amsntary Reform — Lord John Russell moves for lei
11 to reform the representation on the 1st of March—
nifested on the occasion — Statement of the proposed
rks made by various members — Mr. Cardwell afterwa
11 for Ireland, and the Lord Advocate one for Scotlan<
le second reading of the English Bill is begun on th
continued at intervals by adjournment till the 3rd
keli commences the debate, in wK;«»» *
CONTENTS. vtf
mat propose to take upon it— Remark* of Mr. Disraeli— Mr. Msckinnon more* mi ameudment affirming the expediency of s.w»itiug the rcnilU of the Cestui of ltMJl Won proceeding to legislate— Remarks of Sir George Lewi* end other member* on this motion— Sir J. FergUMon moves th« adjournment of the debate— Speeches of Sir Oeorge Orej, Lord John Manners, Mr. Wellington, the Lord Advocate, Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Bright, Sir 11. Cairn*, Lord Palmerston, Mr. Dbraoli, and Lord John Russell— On a division the Minuter* obtain & majority of 81 — Delays and impedi- ment* to the further progress of the Bill— The abandonment it antici- pated by public opinion— On the 11th of Juno Lord John Russell announce* the resolution of the Government to throw up the mewure, and ntatcs their reason* for doing m — Observation* of Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Bri|tht— Some member* of the Liberal party aipreai disappointment at the withdrawal of the Bill, but the House and the public generally approve — Tub Ballot— Mr. rJ. Berkeley bring* on hi* annual motion on this subject on the tilth of March— Ilia speech — Speeches of Mr. Marsh, Mr. C. Foneacue, Mr. Lawson, and Lord Palmerston— The motion i* nega- tived by vM to UD, [»7
CHAPTER V.
Militut A*r> Naval ArrAiM — Mr. Sidney Ilerbert moves the Army Estimate*, which are of unusual magnitude — He makes a full statement of the condition, discipline, and equipments of the Army — The Naval Estimates, also unusually high, an moved by Lord Clarence Paget — Hi* speech, detailing the amount and statistic* of our Naval force— The Civil Service Estimates are referred, on the motion of Mr. Wise, to a Select (Committee— Miime tbc Navi — A resolution upon this subject is moved by Sir C. Napier in the House of Commons — Debate thereon— Speech of Lord 0. Paget on behalf of the Government— The motion i* agreed to — Debate in the Hon** of Lords on the same question — Speeches of the Eart of Hardeicke, the Duke of Somerset, and Lord Ellen- borough — On the 1st of May, Lord Lyndhurst brings the state of our Naval Defence* before the Uuuso of Lord* in an elaborate speech — He cowiparti our preparation* and equipments with those of Franca, and ■rgea the naceasity of strengthening our Navy — Speeches of the Duke of Sumorsejt, Lord Hardeicke, and Lord Colchester — Further discussion* ou the heat mean* of manning the Navy originated by Sir C. Napier and Mr. Lindsay in the How** of Com toon* -Explanations of Lord C. Paget —Mr. Lindaay'* motion is negatived— Piobotio* ia toi Aa*T— Sir Do Lacy Evatu move* an Address, having for it* object the abolition ef the parch*** system — Speecbe* of Captain L. Vernon, Colonel Dickson, Sir F. Smith, Captain Jerri*, Colonel Lindsay, Colonel P. Herbert, Mr. Sidney Herbert, Mr. Ellice, and other members. General ■traee' motion is rejected by UZ to W— Lord Panmnr* raise* the same
-.^..mivu on tne system of Promotion and -It is resisted by the Government, and rejected on ; ation of Dockyards and Arsenals — Lord Palme •rings before the House of Commons this subject, anc ive measures founded on the Report of the Defenc peech, explaining the details of the plan, and the pi raying the expenditure — Reception of the measure b] Qons — Mr. Lindsay moves an amendment disapprove or land fortifications — Mr. Sidney Herbert in a long ustifies the recommendations of the Commission — Affc nd a reply from Lord Palmerston, the proposition of (firmed by a majority of 268 against 39— A Bill be ive effect to the resolution, Mr. Edwin James moves i conded by Sir C. Napier — Mr. Sidney Herbert supp« fter full debate, the second reading is carried by 1- ouse of Lords, Lord Ellenborough gives his support inks further defensive measures desirable — Speech of 1 pon, who adverts with much satisfaction to the newly rps — The Fortifications Bill is passed.
CHAPTER VI.
ajcd Ltdia — Mr. B. Cochrane calls the attention mons to the relations of this country with China h r t>n the Pciho River — Speeches of Sir Michael £ all, Sir J. Pakington, and other Members — Vfc- *>-- ^nations of *»»• — *
CONTENTS. ix
inert*** «f taxation — Fiji wees or Ikdia— Minion of Mr. June* Wilton to restore the equilibrium between Revenue sud Expenditure — He lUtei hi* plan* of retrenchment snd taxation in the Council at Calcutta — Sir C Treveljan, Governor of Madras, oppoaet Mr. Wilson's plan*, and causes tnuoh embarrassment to the Government — He is promptly removed from office bj tbe Cabinet — Lord Ellen borough, in tbe Home of Lords, cri- ticiaoa the financial proposals of Mr. Wilton — Answer of the Duke of Argyll — Mr. Dauby Seymour advent to Sir C. Treveljan'* recall, and eulogises hi* service* — Sir C. Wood and Lord Palmertton justify the recall a* a measure of inevitable necessity for the public good — Remark* of Mr. Bright— Tni IiDiur Fwixcial State* mi— Sir C. Wood, on th* 13th of August, explain* to the Iluuse of Common* the ttate ami prospect* of the Indian Exchequer — lie defend* the increased taxation proposed by Mr. Wilson— Mr. U. Dauby Seymour severely criticise* tbe statement— After some discussion, Sir C. Wood's Resolutions are adopted — tt*>«MAXUATIon or the Ibpias AfcMT— A Bill is brought in by Sir C- Wood to authorise the amalgamation of the Indian European Army with the Queen's Force* — The measure it firmly resisted bj a section of tits House of Common* — It U opposed in an able speech by Lord Stanley, but (nppoftod by General Peel — Sir E. Colebrooke, Sir be Lacy Evan*, Mr. A. Mill*, Mr. M. Milne*, Sir James Elpbiattone, Mr. Hortman, Mr. Baxter, Mr. Dauby Seymour, and Mr. Rich, take a prominent part in opposing the Bill — It i* supported by Mr. Sidney Herbert, Mr. Ayrton, Colonel Percy Herbert, Mr. Veaiittert, Sir W. Russell, and Sir C. Wood —After protracted debates ths second reading it carried by S88 to 63- • Further opposition on going into Committee — Various hostile amend- menu are negatived by large majorities, and the Bill it passed — The second reading it moved in the House of Lord* on the 10th of Anguit bj the Duke of Argyll— Lord Elleuborough expresses great objection to the Bill— The Earl of Derby alto declares bis distrust, but declines to more an amendment — The Duke of Cambridge speak* in favour of the Bill, and is followed on tbe tame tide by Lord Clyde and the Earl of Granville — Tbe Bill U read a tecoud time. Hon. *»*, and becomes law [IKS
CHAPTER V1L
■ KwrsTios, Ac— CnosrH Rin»— Sir John Tretawny bring* •a again M* Bill for the abolition' of the rate — Lord It Montagu move* the poetponetaent of the *econd reading for lix months— Speech** of Sir O. 0. Lewi*, Mr. Ker Seymer, Mr. Brittow, Mr. Disraeli, Lord Fermoy, aad ether Member*— Tbe second reading U carried by xfi3 to KM— farther debates eo the Bill in Committee— Mr. Newdegate prnpoes, as a substitute for Church Rate*, a fixed charge on real property— After UDtudment i* rejected by a large majority— Further
., , „Ftn>se the Bill — It is thrown out Endowed Schools — A Bill for removing a g excluded from these trusts is brought in by 1 the House of Lords thereon — It undergoes ii mittee, and in a modi6ed form becomes law- the same object by Mr. Dilwyn in the Hous much discussion, and on the motion of Mr. 8 months — Maynooth College — Mr. Spooner bri against the endowment of this College — Hi: debate the motion is negatived by 186 to 128- Thbatbes — Lord Dungannon brings this subject House of Lords — The Earl of Shaftesbury en ten in an interesting speech — Remarks of the Arc Earl Granville, the Bishops of London and Llan The discussion terminates without result — Rsn Book — Lord Ebury moves for the appointment o; view to a revision of the Liturgy and Canons of t — Speeches of the Archbishop of Canterbury, E Oxford, Earl Stanhope, Earl Granville, Lord Lyttl The motion is rejected without a division — Union A Bill introduced by the Bishop of London for tl spiritual destitution by transferring surplus funds places — After some debate in the House of Loi Census of 1861 — A Bill to authorize this open the Government — The proposal to require retui fession is warmly opposed by the Dissenters — Agi — Mr. Baines moves the omission of this clause Sir George Lewis — The Government protest agai concede the point — The Bill U ] sed — w.~- land — Mr. Isaac Bu**
CONTENTS. xi
Bf ma — This subject is bruught Won the House of Lord* by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe— UU speech— Speeches of Lord Wodebouse, Har- quif of Ulanriearde, Earl Granville, and other peen— Omouttioi or tub Ssssios — lu great length and ktbti labour — It is terminated by the prorogation of Parliament by Commission on the 28th of August — Tbe Royal Speech delirered by the Lord. Chancellor — Review of tbe opera- tion* of the Session [181
CHAPTER V1IL ■
Pumiu AvralM. It AIT —Proposal of a Congress— Various schemes for •filling the question of Central Italj — Vote of Tuscany and the .Kmilia in favour of Annexation to Piedmont — King Victor Emmanuel receives the homage of hit new subjects — Annexation of Savoy and Nico to France ■ ■fipaech of the Emperor of the French— OppCMti on of the Sails Government with respect to the Provinces of Chahlsis and Faucigny — Result of the Appeal to Universal Suffrage in Sn>oy and Nice— Auto- graph Letter from the King of Sardinia to the Pope— The Pope's Reply — Opening of the Sardinian Parliament — Speech of the King — Articles of the Treaty of Cession of Savoy and Nice- -Misrule of the King of Naples — Outbreak of Insurrection in Sicily — Expedition of Garibaldi — His Proclamation to the Italians — Question of the complicity of the Sardinian Government — Successes of Garibaldi — Capture of Palermo— Battle of MeUuo [208
CHAPTER IX
Itii.t ContRcnn — Attempts of the King of Kaple* to conciliate his subjects— Proclamation of a Constitution— Letter of the French Em- peror to Count Pereiguy — Proclamation of Garibaldi from Messina — He effects a landing on the Mainland — Capture of Reggio— Surrender of Royalist Troops at San Giovanni, and Terror of the Government at Naples — Flight of the King and Entry of Garibaldi Into the Capital— Insur- rectionary movements in the Papal Territory— General Lemoriciere takes the command of the Papal Army — Difficulties of his position — Letter from Count Devour to Cardinal Antonelli, threatening Invasion of the •■tales of the Ohureh— The Cardinal's Reply— Campaign of Generals Peat! and CmldinJ in the Marches and Umbria— Battle of Cartel Pidardo —Flight of General LameeichVa Binge and Capture of Aneon a- -Letter af Lord John Rmnefl to Sir James Hudson, depsueating an attack by rfcaTlmm ml Tanotm ■ Bis aaoond Utter wfth reference w the im
CHAPTER X.
talt continued — Proclamation of King Victor Emi of Southern Italy — The Piedmontese Army enters tl the Neapolitan Royalists by General Oialdini — Me Emmanuel and Garibaldi — The Royalist Army retir< liano— Investment of Gaeta and surrender of Cap the French Emperor — Occupation of Roman territ Incident at Viterbo — Entry of the King of Sarc Garibaldi retires to Caprera — His last Proclamatio Reactionary attempts in the Neapolitan territory. a in and Morocco — Causes which led to a war betw tries — General O'Donnell, at the head of the Span Africa— Stipulations insisted upon by the British lefeat of the Moors at Tetuan — Treaty of Peace— insurrection — Renunciation of claims to the Spanish ( le Montemolin — Subsequent revocation by him of tha ITRIA — Imperial Patent constituting an enlarged Rei» f the Emperor of Austria, and Imperial Diploma • onstitution — Autograph Letters of the Emperor t< onaries of State.
ia — Massacre of Christians by the Druses in the to* Disgraceful conduct of the Turkish authorities — S lir-el-Kammar — Outrages and Massacre at Damasc 9 Western Powers as to interference in Syria — D< oops for the East — Vigorous conduct of Fuad P \ guilty — Appointment of Lord Dufferin a« 1W»;.
CONTENTS. liii
Taku Furt» — Abortive attempt* at negotiatiou — Occupation of Tien- Uiu — Duplicity of the Chinese Ccmmiuionen — Toe Allied Force* advance from Tieu-tiiu — Treacherous conduct of the Tartar General — Engagement iritb the enemy at Tangchow- — Seiiure of Meter*. Perkes, Loch, Brsbeton, and others, by the Chioeee — Fate of the Prisoner* — NamtiTe of the Captivity and Release of Messrs. Parke* and Loch — Advance upon Pekin— Capture and Plunder of the Emperor'* Summer P*lsce — Surrender of Pekin to the Altiei — Deitruction of the Summer Palace— Con vent ton with the Chinese Government, and Ratification of the Treaty of Tieo-Uin.
Us it en Stive* — Danger to the Union from the Question of Slavery — The Miwouri Compromiee — The Nebraska Bill — Quettion of Election of a President in 1830— Mr. Buchanan'* conduct— The Kan*a* BUI— Resolu- tion* of the 11 ohm of Repress ntative* hottilo to Mr. Buchanan — Hie Protest -Contest for the Election of a New President— Tlie Candidates —Mr. Abraham Lincoln become* President elect— His previuu* history —Meeting of Congress Message of the President.
Tone* — Question* of Slavery and Secession — Relation* with Great Britain — Kansas — African Slave Trsde— Filibustering .... [308
•• • •
APPENDIX TO CHRON]
PUBLIC DOCU^^ *** TjLtt
TREATIES.— CABLES 0* M
Treaty of C«* »Uobs, Bibi
France "^ Wlth *«**»
^ofAnneMtirofSa; • «« u™«»hc
«« Nice to P^ . °Xford • •
<*-*. for the pacifi J ™ 0- ndge .
t'on of Syria Miwstbt
"b PAPEBS .__ 2J2 Shmxmb for the
fcrrespondeoce r*.^. f'*™ • • •
•a— , • • • . 243 Deaths
:— *«. - „; - ^ ■ .
• * *
KOB Ann 301 TRIALS T.AU7
ANNUAL REGISTER,
FOR THE YEAR 1860.
HISTORY OF EUROPE.
CHAPTER I.
BtaTC or Public Opimok at tke Beginning of tke Year— Progress of Event* in Italy — Great Interest jtlt in England in these Transac- liont-Tk* expected Reform Bill — General Absence of Agitation or Excitement on ike Question— Financial Affair*— Expectation* of Urge Change* in this Direction — Pabuimfnt Amemblid on 24th JaWAVt-Htr Majesty* Speech from the Throne— The Addreu in the Home of Lord* i* moved by Lord Fitxmlliam, and ucanded by Lord Truro— Speeehm of Earl Grey, Ike Dyke of Newcastle, Marquis of Sormanby, Earl of Derby, and Earl Granville — Tke Addreu i* agreed lo, uero. eon. — In the Common* the Address it moved by Mr. St. Aubyn, and seconded by Lord Henley — Mr. Disraeli enter* at tome length into tks projected new commercial relation* with France, and alto into tke Italian policy of the Government— £e>rd Paimertton in anrrrr. tttttn that the Commercial Treaty rilk France ha* been signed, and jy stifle* it* provision* — He alto vindicate* the policy of ■oh interference adopted by kit Cabinet in regard to Italy— The Addreu it toted tritkout opposition— Soms furiker debate on tke French Treaty arise* on bringing up the Report — Remarks of the Chancellor of the Exckrqver and of Mr. Horsman — FoMIGM ArrtJK* — Warlike preparation* in Franca —Mr. Kingtlake eidi esses a question lo Lord J. Russell on tki* subject — Hi* answer- ■ Tk* Marquis of Kormanby take* up ike emu** of tke deponed Government* in Italy — He mow* an Addreu to tke Croon respecting the antici- pated mnnemotion of Saroy and Nice lo Franc* — Speeches of Earl* GramriUe, Grey, and Skeftetbury, the Duke of Neuxmstls, Earl of
Voc C1I. [B]
xwmarKS oj mv. ,
uunn liussell — Various discussions on the ; Savoy and Nice — Strong animadversions on t Emperor by Mr. Roebuck — On the 12th Mi enters into a full explanation respecting the proceedings of Her Majesty's Government iV. of Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Horsman, Lord Palt and other Members.
THE principal subjects which to, and it \
engaged the publio atten- large section
tion at the beginning of the year though profe
] 860 were the state of Italian affairs measures, w<
abroad, and the expected measures unwilling to
of Parliamentary Reform and finan- definitely po
cial policy at home. The progress number of {
of the constitutional cause in Italy been held pr>
was regarded with warm sympathy mencement o
by the people of England without some manifest
distinction of parties, and the moral been made : 1
support which the British Govern- tatned, and bo
ment lent to the Sardinian cause, being factitioi
while they, at the same time, The state of
strictly observed the principle of excited more r
non-interference, was entirely in known that tl
accordance with the public feeling siderable defic
in the subject. It will be seen that be supplied, a
he course of events was watched that increased
nth great anxiety and led to re- fensive prepa:
eated discussions during the augmented de
sssion of Parliament; thnn«*» — •*
£.jJ««A]
HISIOUY.
[3
In other respects, the c ire (in- stances of the country wore » favourable aspect — trade was in • sound end thriving state — the forming interest nude no com- plaint, and the labouring classes were generally iu full employment. The Legislative Session com- menced rather before the usual time, tho two Houses being sum- moned for (lie despatch of business on the 'J 1th of January. On that da; Parliament was opened with tho usual ceremonies byHerMsjesty in person, who delivered the fol- lowing Speech from the throne:—
" My Lords and GtHltenun, —
" It is with great satisfaction tliat I again meet jou in Parlia- ment, and have recourse to jour asaistance and advice.
" My relations with foreign Powers continue to be on a friendly and satisfactory footing.
" At the close of the last Session I informed you that overtures had been made to me to ascertain whether, if a Conference should be held by the Ureal Powers of F.urope, fur the purpose of settling arrangements connected with the present stale and future condition of Itsly.a Plenipotentiary would be sent by toe to assist at such a Con- ference. I have since received a formal inn tat ion from the Emperor of Austria and from the Emperor of the French to send a Plenipo- tentiary to a Congress to consist of the representative* of the eight Powers who were parties to the Treaties of Vienna of 1815. the objects of such Congress being listed to lie to receive communica- tion of the treaties concluded at Zurich ; and to deliberate, asso- ciating with lbs above- mentioned Power* the Courts of Home, of Sarsunk, and of the Two tisciliea,
on the means best adapted for ths pacification of Italy, and for placing its prosperity ou a solid and dura-
" Desirous at all times to concur in proceedings having for their ob- ject the maintenance of peuce, I accepted the invitation, but at the same lime 1 made known that, iti such a Congress, I should stead- fastly maintain the principle, that no external force should be em- ployed to impose upon the people of Italy any particular government or constitution.
" Circumstances have arisen which have led to a postponement of the Congress, without any day having been fixed fur its meeting ; but whether in Congress or by sepa- rate negotiation, 1 shall endeavour to obtain for the people of Italy freedom from foreign interference by force of arms in their internal concerns ; and I trust that the af- fairs of the Italian peninsula msy be peacefully and satisfactorily settled.
■* Papers on this subject will soon be laid before you.
" I am in communication with the Emperor of the French with a view to extend the commercial intercourse between ibe two coun- tries, and thus to draw still closer the bonds of friendly alliance between them.
"A dispute having arisen be- tween Spain and Morocco, I en- deavoured, by friendly means, to prevent a rupture ; but, I regret to say, without success.
** 1 will direct papers on this subject to be laid before you.
" My Plenipotentiary and the Plenipotentiary of the Emperor of the French having, in obedience to their instructions, proceeded to the mouth of tho Peibo river, in order to repair to Pekui to ex- change in that city then "
[BS]
.*" lae a.l]'ed forces displaVed'on
* occasion their usual brTvery
» ■"«4"lning « severe Joss
re compelled to retire.
■* • am preparing, in concert and operauon with the EmperorTf
,Ji^ch'"nexPedition, intended JUin _ redress and a fulfilment
&.2C tlons of th° Trea*
It will be gratifying to me, if prompt acquiescence of th« peror of China in the moderate "Mh «hieh will be madit
• lenipotentiaries, shall obviate necessity for the employment
t have directed that papers on subject shall be laid before
in unauthorized proceeding officer of the United States ard to the Island of San Zn en Vancouver's Island and ainland, might have led to a s collision betiveen my forces ose of the United Sta^s! sol ,s,on however, has been ted by the judicious forbear- r my naval and civil officer.
»uu generosity, i been everywhert trust, permanent! have received fror most gratifying loyalty of my I„d of the good feelin native chiefs and owners of the co, tention of the Govt has been directed ment of the inten the country; and inform you that a has taken place j prospects.
"I have concludi the Tycoon of Japa regarding boundar republic of Guatei directed that these be laid before you
" Gentlemen of i Commons, .
"I have directed [or the ensuing Jea before you. They hi pared with a view military and nnv.i .
England]
HISTORY.
[5
has added an important element to our system of national defence.
•* Measures will be laid before you for amending tbe laws which regulate the representation of the people in Parliament, and for iilacing that representation upon a broader and firmer basis.
'* I earnestly recommend jou to resume jour labours for the im- provement of our jurisprudence, and particularly in regard to bank- ruptcy, the transfer of land, the consolidation of the statutes, and such a further fusion of law aud equity aa may be necessary to in- sure that, in ererj suit, the rights of the parties may be satisfactorily determined by the court in which the suit is commenced.
" I am deeply gratified to ob- serve that the great interests of the count r? are generally in a sound and thriving condition ; that pauperism and crime have di- minished ; and that, throughout the whole of my empire, both in the United Kingdom and in my colonies and possessions beyond sea, there reigns a spirit of loyalty, of contentment, of order, and of obe- dience to the law.
- With heartfelt gratitude to the Almighty Ruler of nations for these inestimable blessings, I fervently pray that 11 is beneficent power may guide your deliberations for the advancement and consoli- dation of the welfare aud happi- ness of my people.**
Tbe Address to the Throne was moved in the llonse of Lords by Karl Fitzailliam and seconded by Lord Truro. Earl Grey then addressed the House. He began
S expressing bis gratification that tr Vfajesty was able to lay ao satisfactory a statement of our domestic and foreign anairs before ParlsuntaL Ha flawed with the
greatest satisfaction the paragraph on Italian affairs, aud the policy which was therein enunciated. That [>olicy assured the nation that the British Government would be no party to cutting up and par- celling out Italy in order to forward the interest or desires of other countries, but would maintain the right of the Italians to choose their own Government, by which means a powerful and free State would be established in Italy, cal- culated to promote the general welfare of Europe and of this country. He could not, however, express the same satisfaction at that part of the Royal Speech which related to the recent com* mercial treaty between this country and France. No one could wish more strongly than himself to see the commercial intercourse of the two countries increased, but be feared that the present experi- ment would prove a retrogression in our financial policy. At the present time, when our financial condition was likely to be one of some difficulty, he condemned the reduction of duties on French pro- ducts for the purpose of obtaining a commercial treaty from France. In regard to China, be also could not concur in the words of the Speech, as he thought that tbe whole question ought to have been brought before Parliament pre- viously to tbe fitting out of any ex- pedition, in order that improper expenditure might have been avoided, and an impolitic and uu- ju»t war prevented. He proceeded to consider whether we bad been justified in forcing our way up the Peiho, and whether war with China would place our interests in that country in a better position by a corresponding increase of our com- merce. He blamed in atroug
we could not draw ba All he wanted was to prevent this per- nicious practice being drawn into a precedent, and he, therefore, should move to add to the paragraph re- lating to Chinese affairs an amend* ment embodying these opinions.
The Duke of Newcastle thought that when the circumstances of the commercial treaty with France were known, the House would be prepared to support Her Majesty's Government. To extend the com- merce between two powerful coun- tries was the best way to cement peace and good-will, as commerce bound not kings and governments alone ; but when kings and govern- ments had passed away, still linked together the people of the two countries. As to the amendment, he com batted the principle which Lord Grey had attempted to esta- blish by the two precedents of 1700 and 1826, which, in his opinion, were contrary to the rule which had been established during the last thirty years. We were not about to commence hostilities with a country with which we were previously at peace ; the fact was, we had not been at peace with
the idea country y vient to trade, and ing that ment as 1 was not ai that, even; violated, s concluded
Lord No be better to on Chinese oh the sul House. Ai the present the French contemplate tion, he en into the I while exprei Princes of C be reimposec force, he co were not to side, it oug nanced on tl
Lord Brc events in I year, aud e that the Ital to work ou
Tr>*»
. l
r«u:«« r-
EmfU*d.] HISTORY. [7
doubtful state or feeling in France, were the commercial treaty be- ■ud in the t>resent unsettled stale tween France and Enghind, iIm of affairs all over the world, when war with China, and the Congress it was impossible to calculate what and tlie separate negotiations. In might liappeu in (tie next month reviewing tlie recent commercial or week, he considered we ought to arrangement, he did not tiiink it he so well armed aa to render in* a matter for congratulation, and vaiion impossible to succeed and pointed out the inequality of the unlike)* to be attempted. advantages, u being immediate to Lord Derby expressed hia sor- France, but prospective to Etig- prise that among so great a variety land, and tint while the article* of topic* aa the ltojal Speech con- admitted into France were of vital tained there were so many on which importance to her for warlike pur- nothing had been said by preceding poses, the ankle* takeu by this speakers. They had beard nothing country were of a totally different ■boat tlie treaties of Guatemala, nature. The present time, when and the Tycoon of Japan, and of the tlie defences of the country were San Juan difficulty, in which our absorbing so much money, and the officer*, both civil and military, had Income- Ux was drawing to an end, eierciaed to sound and admirable waa moat inapt for reducing the a discretion. They bad heard no- revenue and binding the country tiling on Ileform but a casual re- by a treaty from which it could not mark of Lord Brougham as to the withdraw. Why, too, he asked, apathy of the people of Yorkshire were the wine duties to be miti- and Lancashire on ihesuljict, and gated and the duly on hops and he coti-idered that if Parliament malt left untouched ? War duties treated the subject in the aame were still levied on tea and d ■•passionate manner, there would sugar, and he could not under- lie no great dread of any very re- stand bow, without inconsistency, tulutionary measure being carried, lite Government could lake off With the exception of some little ilie one and retain the other. In i bullitic-u of Irish feeling here and respect to Iiord Grey's amendment tin re, he congratulated the House on the war with China, he would ou tlie happy domestic condition of defer the discussion raised by Lord the country. Lord Derby, in Giry to a future time, but availed speaking of India, dwell with sal is- himself of the occasion to speak in fnrtion upon the suppression of the the highest terms of the Admiral mutiny and the restoration of our and the officers and men who had d.ninnoti, and highly eulogised tba conducted the attack, and who for I«.!n-y of Lord Canning in his devotion to their duly and heroio rcnioralion of the feudal system in bravery were surpassed by few Oude, and his treatment of the even in our navy. In reply to tlie uloohdar*. a system which would Duke of Newcastle, lie observed consolidate llntinb power mora tliat if we were at war with China, 11 roily than ever. Hating paid a the Chinese were justified in al- ju*t tribute la th* spirit which bad tacking us. and if at peace we had produced the present volunteer no right to force our way up the movement, he said there were ibrae l'cilio He then addressed himself, topic* to which it was impossible to the affairs of Itsly and the Con- to do swore than to ailed*. Those gm*. and asked under what cir-.
treaty with France, and strongly insisted on the dangers which would ensue from such a course. While he admitted the right of every country to arrange its own affairs without foreign interference, he considered that those internal changes in a country should he made by itself, and not influenced by externa] assistance. He would not enter into a discussion upon the temporal and spiritual power of the Pope, which was not a ques- tion for a Protestant country. This country looked upon the Sovereign Pontiff in the same light as they looked upon any other sovereign, and would treat him in the same way, so that if his Government were overthrown we should not interfere, but this must be done by the free will of the Italian people, and not by foreign influ- ence or aid; and in connection with this part of his argument he asked why, when all Austrian troops were withdrawn, were Rome and Milan still occupied by the French ? In case of the meeting of a Congress, he should object to England joining in it at all. Such a cou might be undignified, but,
Lord I
in repl mont t( sent p< identic* despatc demned LordD with tb on the < this cou sidered old opii Protect! form, j moval ol to comm nefit of calculate interests for con tii As to th< tions of I he was a tion or ] gust, or to which and Hei was perfc from ant guarantee He ex pit
;~ i
EiytacL]
HISTORY.
[»
course to be adopted. He re- gretted to tee the tendency in this country (o treat the question of the sovereignty of the Pope as ■ religious question. In his opi- nion that nas not the case, and Her Majesty's Government had decided to look upon it as a poli- tical subject, and in that light on)/. An eloquent panegyric on the late Lord Macaulav, as one of the members of their Lordships' House, was introduced bj Lord Granville in conclusion.
The amendment was then nega- tived, and the Address agreed to without a division.
In the House of Commons on lite same evening the Address was noted by Mr. St. Aubyn, MP. for West Cornwall, who briefly passed in review the principal topics adverted to in the Speech from the Throne. He expressed a hope that the influence of the Government would be exerted for aecuring to the Italian people the benefits of freedom and good government ; that the necessity fi>r actual hostilities witb China would be averted; and, with re- spect to domeatic affairs, that a Itill for the reform of the repre- sentation would not only lie in- troduced, but that the measure would so fsr meet with the appro- bation of all panics that it would become the law of the land before the expiration of the present Ses- sion. In conclusion, he congratu- lated the Hou*e upon the high position in which the country now stood, without example in modern
The motion was seconded by Lord Henley, who entered at some length into the question of Pari lanaentary He form, and con- grataUted the House that the charge of public eiuurs was com-
mitted to the hands of the present Government.
Mr. Disraeli took notice of the attempt made by Lord Henley to raise, be ssid, a question of confi- dence. He did not intend, he ob- served, to move an amendment to the Address ; but there were topics of much importance referred to in the Koya) Speech which required explanation. The prospect of in- creased commercial relations with France was, he admitted, a sub-
1'ect of congratulation; neverthe- esa, the nature of the commercial treaty (supposing it to be based upon a principle of reciprocity) required some explanation, and he was not aware of the mode in which the attention of Parliament was to be called to it. The prin- ciple of reciprocity was rejected by our commercial system ; and what France undertook to do in lr>OI might be done without any treaty whatever. Another subject which demanded explanation was the condition of Italy and the re- lations of our Government with thst country. There was so much ambiguity in the Itoyal Speech on this subject that he was at a loss to gather the real state of our diplomatic relations with Italy and with France in reference to that country, and be felt it his duty lo ask some explanation of what had occurred since the prorogation, and what were the engagements into which Her Majesty bad been advised to enter. The principle of non-intervention had been that
which the lat adopted, and to which the House bad cordially adhered, and if the present Government diverged from that policy, they must offer very grave reasons for so doing. He wanted to know, therefore, why in August Lord J. Russell bad (as be
...~v.<? lur an alliance offensive and defensive between France and England to make interference by an j Power in the affairs of Italy a casus belli, which might involve this country in serious political complications. He wanted to know what was the object of the Congress, which, if we entered into it, might lead us into em* barrassing relations. The conclu- sion to which he had come was, that the less we meddled with the affairs of Italy the better. A country in the present state of Italy was far beyond the manage- ment and settlement of Courts, Cabinets, and Congresses; the pro* blem could only be solved by the will of the population, though this country might do great good by laying down principles of sound policy.
Lord Palmerston, after express- ing his satisfaction at the prospect of unanimity upon the Address,' vindicated the paragraph in the Royal Speech on the topic of lie- form, and then passed on to the other main subjects of the debate. He announced that the treaty with France was signed on the 28rd, but that h~ i~J
the cc ferenc protes being rogato mous 1 the sU cial ag Disrael that th free fro foreign fairs of
The upon th Congres land cou stand ah sembling meut, he into the en gage in clared fi the propi free to d<
•' Our ] in conclu We said we say s should b people c ment of
Emjnd.-} HISTORY. [11
thorn from arriving at the result in advocating it I feel that the
which is meat eatislisctory to their Government are backed and aup-
a*a feelings and interests. The ported by the feelings of the people
right honourable gentleman save el large, by the historical traditions
tint if you ask the opinions of dif- of onr own country, and by the prin-
ferent people, all of whom art ciplea on which that constitution ia
respectively and individually good founded under which we are a*
authorities on the subject of Italy, happy aa to live."
one will tell you one thing, and The Address was then agreed to,
another another; that whether it nrm. eon. On the bringing up of
is about the Romagua, Tuscany, or the report a desultory discussion
Sardinia, or Maples, or Lombard?, on various subjects took place,
every one you consult gives you a Among others, Mr. Seymour Fits-
di fit.- rent opinion. la that peculiar gerald entered into a discussion of
to Italy? Without going further the treaty with France, to which
than the walla of this House, I be raised many objections, and ha
klmuld like to know whether you warned the House against too close
will not find gentlemen here who an access and identity of iuteresta
will git e you die moat opposite opi- with France.
ilium about any question of domes- Mr. Gladstone rallied Mr. Fits* lic interest you like to name. . . . gerald on his assumed knowledge lu this House a question is settled of the character of the treaty, bint- according to what the majority ing ironically that be must have thinks about it; let the people of secreted himself, after the ancient 1 taly settle their own questions in fashion, behind the tapestry of the the same way. If it be true that room in which negotiations were Tuscany wiahaa to be a separate going on, and thus have obtained nationality, so be it If it be true bis minute knowledge. Mr. Glad- that the King of Naples is tbe stone said be could not enter on a moat beloved of monarch*, let bis discussion of the questions raised ; subjects remain united to him in be must defer it until Parliament the bonds of affection. If it be waa made acquainted with tbe par true that the people of the Ilo- titulars of the treaty. Answering magna are enamoured of the Go- some of Mr. Fitzgerald's strio- nimenl of the Pope, let them lures, be ridiculed bis fear of an
return to the happiness from which identity of policy between England they are temporarily separated. All and France. " Is that possible, ' that we want is, that the Italians tbe nature of things'.' Why, I
should be left to judge of their ia hardly any contingency in which
own interests, to shape their fa- they can be associated except for
tare arrangements according to Objects honourable in themselves
tbeir own opinions of that which and beneficial to mankind."
ia moat likely to contribute ts " On no occasion, in our own
their happiness and most in unison day or in history, have they ever
with ibair feelings and opinions, been combined for a bad object aa
I am ears ibis policy is consonant regards tbe politics of Europe ; and
to the wishes of the people. It ia therefore I trust in that alliance,
founded upon use same principle as I hope wo all da, and wish it
aa that on which the throne of tuts may bo drawn closer and closer,
txiass try no* rests, and, tbawaaara, not oalj on account of its in-
«..w «/vrU
9 01
Ullll
ine following week. whk
Mr. Horsman renewed the com- lous.
plaint that the Reform Bill had ficati
been postponed to so late a day as place
the 20th February, intimating tbat perse
the fate of the Government might tiatio
in the mean time turn upon a vote Cobd about China or the Congress. The On
country, he said, required an early quis
settlement of the question. gnisht
Lord Palmerston justified the sion b
course pursued with respect to the half o
Reform Bill. He thought there in Ital
would be ample time to discuss it motion
during the Session. The motion spectic
was then agreed to. tion h
The lively iuterest taken at this moved
time in the progress of events in to repr
Italy, and also the anxiety caused this H
by the expected annexations by that he
France of the territories of Savoy to the <
and Nice, gave rise in the early objectio
part of this Session to some im- jesty's <
portant debates in Parliament, tion of
On the 3rd of February Mr. A. and to ]
W. Kinglake inquired of Lord her Go1
J. Russell whether the Govern- end cave
ment had received any in form a- of those
tion as to the naval and military prefacec
preparations of the French Em- that he
peror, and, if so, whether it could to impi
be made known to the Housa — - - -
E.3u..i\ HISTORY. [13
No one believed on tho Continent creation of a powerful Italiiin king- that a compact for the annexation dom on her frontier might give oc- of Savoy and Nice did not exist casion to the consideration of such ■•ettteeu the Kmperor of the a question. The information from French and the King of Sardinia. Sardinia wm also to the aame ef- lt would be most satisfactory to feet — that no compact existed be- hear that no change in the inten- tween France and Sardinia for the lions of the French Government cession, exchange, or sale of Savoy had taken place onthissohjectsince and Nice to France. He assured the 1 9th of last March, when Lord the House that the Government Cowley wrote to Lord Ma] me*- of this country had represented to bury that the Emperor of the the Government of France all the French contemplated no increase objections which in an European uf French territory. The que*- sense would arise from the con- tiun, however, almost entirely At- templnted enlargement of French jtended upon the public opinion of territory, and proceeded to consider Savoy, and he could not say what the question of an extension of the that opinion was. Great changes French frontier, and pointed out had taken place in the feelings of that the arguments used by the the Savoyard* towards their King French for the extension of their since l^li, partly brought about frontier to the Alps might with by the increase of taxation, the equal propriety be applied to the oppressive action of the contcrip- frontier of the Rhine and of Ger- tion, and other cause*. He con- many. At the present moment our •idered the question in its geogra- Government was in comrnunica- pliical and strategic aspect, and tion with France, Sardinia, and rame to the conclusion that the Austria on the Italian question, annexation would be injurious u The policy of this country was not ■ be balance of power in Europe, one of nationalities, but the avoid- to the intereala of Savoy and its ance of any armed interference in inhabitant*, and, by adding a die- the affairs of the Peninsula, and contented population to it* snay, to secure to the Italians the privi- to the intercuts of Fiance itself. lege of choosing for themselves. IiOrd Granville stated that he Considering the present circum- had no further information to add stances of the two countries, and to that which he had formerly the friendly feeling existing he- given to a question upon this same tween them, be considered that subject to I-nrd Norman by. Her Lord Nonnanby would best con- Majeatya Government were still suit the public interest* by with* in communication with the French drawing hi* motion. ioverniBent on the matter. Her Lord Grey thought the state*
Majesty'* Government had been ment made by I»rd
aaaured that, although there had showed the necessity of bringing
been formerly a queation of the forward this motion. Nothing
annexation of Savoy and Nice un- could be more unsatisfactory than
der certain contingencies, aa those the conduct of the Government of
contingencies had not arisen, then France upon this subject, especi-
«at no queation of annexation at ally when coupled with the Ian*
Uie present moment. At tba.ssme guage of the French newspapers,
lime France did not deny that Uie The annexation, be thought, would
such an annexation should be ►at strongly supported by this in try. In a brief and lucid foment he exposed the fallacy of ) proposition that the subjects a settled Government had a ht to choose their own rulers i transfer their allegiance from )ir own to a foreign King at sir own caprice and con veni- re. He entreated Lord Gran- le to reconsider his determina- q to oppose the motion, as he >rd Grey) believed that they re all unanimous in condemn- [ the proposed annexation ; and considered that, while the de- ration of the House against the icxation would be received with i greatest satisfaction in Eu- •e, it could not be deemed an friendly act to the Emperor of ince, but rather the contrary, ause, if it induced him to pause bis present policy, and to give his present design, it would be antageous to him. by preserv- for him the confidence of Eu- e, which would be lost by pur- ng the course in which he was r embarking. If it were really a that a secret treaty had been
on such import calculated to 63 which it would to allay, and v great obstacle to tion and calm consideration of tions made by 1 vernment on the
Lord Brougt statement of Lc satisfactory. H ed to the ann and Nioe to F where the viola! ment of Europe from, would stop
Lord Derby he that the advice Majesty's Govei so received by th French that the cause for the apj rope in respect t of Savoy to F Government bad ing out of the It shown the dang thereby arise to present Governor become impress! of those views.
England.]
HISTORY.
[15
the most, in hit opinion, by the annexation, would be the two countries immediately interested ; for, if the annexation should take place, it would belie the whole of the proclamations of the Kmperor of the French and the King of Sardinia, which were so worth? of admiration on account of the dis- interested uess of the policy they had announced, and which were totally inconsistent with the ru- mours of the compact for the mu- tual aggrandisement of the two Powers. There was, however, another reason why Saroy should not be annexed to France. Pied- mont was bound by a specific treaty to Switzerland never to cede Savor, and Piedmont could not set aside the treaties with Kurope, nor tho s|*cific treaty with Switzerland, without a violation of the interna- tional law of Europe. The lan- guage of Piedmont to France ought to be— that it was impos- sible, owing to her treaty with Switzerland, that she could yield on this question. If Piedmont held this language, France would surely not be so unscrupulously violent as to take these provinces by force. Such a step would be fatal to France in her relations with Kurope. All confidence in the steady policy and peaceful character of the Kmperor of the French would be lost, and it would be said that Austria had been ex- pelled by France from Italy, not for Italian independence* but for the furtherance of her own selfish ends. The present was a great opportunity for the Kmperor of the French to establish a character hx peace and moderation, bv de- claring that he entertained no idea of extending the French fron- tier beyond its present limits, or of destroyiog the balance of
power in Europe, but that, on the contrary, he would maintain a policy of non-interference in the affairs of other countries, by which declaration he would establish a moral power throughout Europe as great as the material power uow wielded by France.
Lord Stratford de Redclifle ex- pressed his thanks to Lord Nor- manby, for bringing forward the motion, and entirely concurred with the remarks of Lord Derby. Tho noble msrquis, after a few explana- tory remarks, withdrew his mo- tion.
On the 11th February, Lord Normanby again brought the affairs of Italy under the notice of the Upper Home of Parliament, by a motion intended to convey a strong censure upon the newly-constituted authorities in Tuscany, and upon the acts of the Sardinian Govern- ment. The noble lord moved for a copy of the instructions from Her Majesty's Secretary of State to the British Charge d Affaires at Florence to attend the official re- ception, on the 1st of January, of Signor Buoncompagni, now acting as Governor-General of Tuscany: also for a return of the dates of all communications between the Se- cretary of State and the British Ambassador at Paris on the sub- ject of the annexation of Savoy and Nice to France, up to the 1st of January, i860. He prefaced his motion with a strong attack upon tho Sardinian Government for their conduct in Central Italy, which had been characterised by measures of tho most arbitrary nature, perfectly inconsistent with the high-sounding pretensions to freedom which they had put for- ward. He dented that the present Government tn Central Italy and the Doohie* woo the choice of tho
-*«•. iMttjebtys unarge d'Affaires at Florence should have been directed to pay his official court to such a man, and why a departure from the usual line of proceedings in such matters should have been ordered in this particular case.
Lord Granville defended Signor Buoncompagni and the Italian people from the attacks of Lord Norman by v and asked whether Lord Normanby, from the cases of outrage he had cited, supposed that Italy was, under her new Go- vernment, to return to the golden age, and that no crime was to exist; and whether the British Parliament were to be guided by the opinions of his anonymous correspondents, who, of course, were no more unbiassed in their views than others. The state of Italy was at the present moment most satisfactory, and he thought that the moderation the Italians had exhibited was highly credit- able.
Lord Malmesbury hoped that nothing would induce the Govern- ment to abandon the policy of non- intervention, and regretted that no official transactions of the Go-
to Aui fer to doma from ti The o Italian the Ita induce to with as Italj stances Austria regretU of respe had bee pagni, v of the n hurling reign to giance. Lord would h sent stat effect th< Nice to ] examine Lord No experien menttha was one present atrocities
vernm
in T*«»l —
Ewjlaitd.]
HISTOK Y.
[17
nimby, were as nothing compared to the taxation eudured by Venctia, which, in fact, was absolute confis- cation. He proceeded to review in detail the speech of Lord Nor- manor, from which he dissented io almost every particular.
Lord Granville read a statement from Lord Cowley, to the effect that the French Government at the lime of the communication did not contemplate the annexation of Savoy.
Lord Cardigan said, that while it was most desirable that tho French army should be withdrawn from Northern Italy, the with- drawal of the French army from Rome would bo followed by the most dreadful consequences to tho Papal Government and its sup- Lord Derby asked whether the paper* to he laid on the table of thi- lluusewoutd contain the latest information on the subject of tho negotiations with respect to the annexation of Savov and Nice, and whether Lord Granville would point out in wlial vie* Her Majesty's Government regard the project. lie also wished to know whether there had been any communica- tions between the I wo Govern men la since the despatch of July last (wheu the project of the annexation of Savoy and Nice was denied) which would lead Her Majesty's Government to infer that a change bad occurred in the views of tho French Government. If any such correspondence bad taken place, be ruu.t say that Her Majesty's Government, while they had ad- hered to the Utter of the truth, bad at the same time made a state- ment calculated to mislead. With regard to Signor Buoncompagni, be wished to know whether it waa a feet that Mr. Corbett had altand- Vau CH.
cd his receptions, and whether, if be had done so, it was in opposi- tion to the views of the represen- tatives of other Courts, and to the instructions he had received from his Government.
Lord Granville stud that he had stated last week the most recent communications which had taken place between the French and British Governments upon the annexation of Savoy and Nice. With regard to tho second ques- tion of Lord Derby, Mr. Corbett, Her Majesty's Charge d 'Affaires, had received no instructions what- ever, except to treat Signor Buon- compagni as he hsd treated his predecessors.
Tho motion for papers was adopted, with the omission of all of Mr. Corbeu'a iustruc-
lu reply to questions addressed to the Government in the House of Commons by Sir Robert Peel and Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald, Lord John ltussell staled that inquiries of the Sardinian Government had produced a general answer, that Sardinia had no engagement with France to cede Savoy, and had no intention of ceding it : but the French Government liad told Sar- dinia that if the Utter were ag- grandized by the annexation of Central Italy, France would think ■ hat her frontier was not secure without the annexation of at least some part ef Savoy.
On the '28th of February, Mr. A. W. Kioglake again called the attention of the House of Com- mons to the same topic, in conse- quence of the strange rumours which prevailt-d of the approach- ing annexation of Savoy aud Nice to Fiance, in order, be said, to obtain an expresaiou of the opi- nion of the i loose upon that pro-
[c:
gerous application. By the treaties Go
of 1815 the northern portion of the
Savoy (Chablais and Faucigny) din was declared to participate in the £
neutrality of Switzerland; but if the
it became a part of, France, what, mat
he asked, would become of this que
guarantee, and of the integrity of imp
Switzerland, which would be jam- inte
med in between two departments posa
of France ? This annexation attei
would have an embarrassing ef- terri
feet upon our owu freedom of the
action, and would unsettle the a vi
political relations of Europe. He 8 ten.
referred to the repeated declara- on t
tions on the part of the Govern- resisl
ment of France, prior to the re- natio
cent war in Italy, that the Empe- absol
ror was actuated by no motive of nee tic
personal ambitiou or desire of con- travel
quest. At the same time he had, of th
he said, received in January, 1859, and vi
a communication (which he had tralitj
imparted to the British Go- Savoy
vera ment) 6tating that a secret would
arrangement (called a pacte de Italia
familU) had been entered into acquit
between France and Sardinia for of the
the cession of Savoy to France, They
although Count Walewski had deepe i red Lord Cowley that no Sir
_»~ »»
England.]
HISTORY.
d»
Kinfllnke. therefore, tboy were ready to assent, end were pre- pared to lajr the pepera upon the table. A protracted discussion could lead to no result until those pejxnt were in the poueeaion of the House, showing the position of the Government in relation to France and Sardinia, and the course tlioj bad adopted. He joined with Mr. Kinglake and Sir It. Peel in deprecating the an- nexation of be toy to France, the consequence of which, he agreed, might unsettle Europe.
Mr. Disraeli thought it would be more convenient to defer tho discussion until the papers were before the House, aud should, therefore, refrain from expressing any opinion upon the merits of the question.
Lord J. Uussell offered a few explanations. With respect to the family compact referred to by Sir. Kinglake and Sir H. Peel, be could only say that the tiov eminent had no diplomatic information to that effect, and the faet of any treaty prior to the war had been re- puatedly denied by both the Go- vernments of France and Sardinia Uaminding die House of tho criti- cal position of affaire in Central Italy when the question of the Congress was under consideration, he observed that it was not un- natural that a Power like England, dreading a renewal of the war, should endeavour to prevent it. and with that view tbe Government had made certain propositions, and. although they bad not been ac- cepted in the gross. something bsd been mined. With regard to the qu ratio 1 1 as to the annexation of Setov. ha could not but think that it waa a oonrse of policy which the Kmpemr of the French weald ■sestets knsg before he adapted.
since it would produce distrust, because it would be in contradiction with the magnificent proclamation he had issued ; because the en- croachment, once begun, would, he waa afraid, be deemed the precursor of others, and excite apprehension ; and, finally, because it could not tend to strengthen France, whose security depended upon her own resources, upon the spirit of inde- pendence aud tbe warlike qualities of her people. Tbe extension of her frontiers had never been a source of power to France, and was not for her a right or secure policy.
Tbe motion was agreed to.
Again, on the 3nd of March, Sir R. Peel, reverting to the subject of Savoy, called the attention of the Government to a variation, which lie deemed of much importance, in the original text of the French Emperor's speech, as published in different English journals, and, after a strong deuuueiation of the
Siroject, asked for more explicit in- ormation upon the subject of the annexation.
Mr. Bright wished to know what Sir II Peel proposed should be done in tbe case. These repe- titiona of inquiries, he aaid, tended to create greater complications in a matter of this nature. The lan- guage of Sir R Peel was as ex- travagant as if Europe and Eng- land itself were on fire, and be strove not to suppress it, but to make it hotter. We could not prevent the annexation of Savoy to France, which he waa informed the people of the province desired ; but we might embroil ourselves with France. He would never have reoom mended or promoted tbe annexation ; bat " Perish Savoy," be would ear, rather than that Haass ssmmM involve the
[C a]
people of England ; and he inquired Eu
whether the Emperor of the French and
still intended to consult the great can
Powers, prior to annexing Savoy. atld
Lord J. Russell, in reply to Lord the
J. Manners, reiterated the reply sdo,
he had already given-that, read- a t
mg the speech of the Emperor in wou
conjunction with the assurances T
given by the ambassador, he did nex.
not doubt that the intention of the "oe
Emperor was to consult the great iect
Powers with reference to the an- C
nexation He proceeded to ob- S
serve, that the question was one trea
which related to the position of £J
France and the protection of her oZ
frontier, and the Emperor thought oS
was due to the security of France the ,
that Savoy, ,f the assent of the Fran
people could be obtained, shoS nTd
he annexed to its territory; but Z
he (Lord John) understood tha on ?1
the Emperor wished to consult the al
great Powers of Europe as to the X„
measure, and the opin/u of Europe Ss
S, T bS * maUer of '"^ffe'-ence land , to the Emperor of the French H« J i •
differed from the GoJernmin of he « France in this matter- ha ™„ ?•*
ceivedthattheannexaSnoSar; SK and the occupation of tU M„* /, Ue$&
HISTORY.
England,]
England, of civilization, and of liberty.
Lord .1. Itussell said, it it was thought necessary to mku the whole question of Savoy out of the hand* of Her Majesty* Go- vernment, that might he a useful rounic; but there was one course which was consistent neither with con dilutions! proceedings in that IIou«e nor with the confidence usually placed in the Govern- ment, and. above all. not con- sistent nilh amicable feelings be- tween this country and France; and that was, renewing, day after day, irritating di-cussions upon tint subject, asking for no derisive vote, proponing no deilnite result, but soning suspicion and distrust, calculated to bring about a total rupture with a neighbouring friendly country. After recapitu- lating the course which the ques- tion had taken, and the pontion in which it now stood, he asked whether the present was the mo- ment for raising this discussion. His persuasion was, he said, that if the language of disapprobation was heard from all I lie great Power*, the project of annexation would not be persevered in. The Government of Sardinia, the Power most interested in the question, had not spoken upon the subject. Hi* opinion waa, that the treaty of cumnicrre with France was des-
ship between the two nations, by giving both an interest in the blessings of peace, which would tend to prevent the great calamity of war.
After some further desultory dis- cussions on the same subject in both House*. Lord John Kusaell undertook to give a formal expla- nation on behalf of the Govern-
[21
ment in relation to the Savoy ques- tion. The noble Lord discharged this undertaking on the I3th of March. He began his speech by representing the slate in which the question of Savoy and Nice had been left by the late Administration, and proceeded to vindicate the present Government from the accusation that they had pursued a policy which, by promoting the annexation of the ltumagna and Tuscany to Sardinia, laid a ground for that of Savoy to France. This accusation was founded, he said, upon an en- tire misapprehension. Their po- licy had been to endeavour, by negotiation, to secure to the Italian people the power of managing their own affsirs. He then ex- plained the communications which had taken place on the subject of certain proposed combinations for the restoration of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the establishment of a kingdom of Central Italy. The British Government, he observed, were not hostile to either; they wished the people of Italy to de- cide for themselves ; to assert their independence of any Power whatever, and, if they thought proper, to unite themselves to Sar- dinia. It had been said that for a luug lime he had acquiesced in the design of France to annex Savoy, sud that he took no step in the matter until late in the month of January, But this was a mis- take of dates. On the 5th of July he had staled what he considered would be the consequences to the Emperor of the French if the plan of annexing Savoy was carried into effect, in the general distrust it would create. Bui, according to Count Walewski, no such plan was then contemplated, and, the contingency be referred lo being improbable, it was unnecessary for
ullau a uinerent Bhnpe, snowing that there was a project on foot for the annexation of Savoy, and at the end of that mouth the Government renewed the expres- sion of its fears as to the conse- quences of the measure. It had been objected, he continued, that the Government had been so anxious for the independence of Italy that they had neglected other objects. But in J 856 Lord Cla- rendon had thought the question of the Btate of Italy of so much im- portance that he brought it before the Conference, and later occur- rences had induced the Govern- ment to consider it one of Euro- pean interest, and, if so, of British interest. It was for European objects that they had employed the influence of Great Britain, and employed it peacefully, to reconcile differences, prevent war, and lay the foundations of peace between the great Powers of Europe. If, in doing so, they could enable Italy to regain her independence, and raise a country, which had for three centuries been sunk and de-
fraded, into one of the leading towers of Europe, so far from
quence and, al month structic was noi verume subject Russell spatch ; did no founded Europe, some of House, > that the very frac if Sardin addition magna, 1 and Nice the Gove bring abo
After s Mil ties at
Mr. H the Housi thinking Savoy she of war. whether I acquire a The treat!
j
HISTORY.
[23
far-red to the Rhine Mid to Bel- Rinm ; then, if we apprehended danger, the policy of thin country was to tako precaution* and form alliance* with other Powers. '1 his wu lite traditional policy of thia country, to form alliances in order to check aggression and the pre- ponderance of any great Power, and be thought the Government would have done wisely upon thin occasion by entering into such an allianco. Instead of this, they had Im-ied themselves with a commer- cial treaty with France. The policy of tame acquiescence would he a danp-rou* and ait unworthy policy; the other would place us in a dig- nified ami tide heforo the world.
I.ord I'.i liners to n thought the course which the Government had pursued in litis matter »ss much more clear and consistent than Mr. Whiteside had represented. It wu evident ihnt this «as not n case u|ion which the issue of peace or war ought to depend. The cms ion of Sav„y did nut involve the in- terests of thia country so at to in- duce us to go to war to prevent it. As regarded England, France would ii'it he stronger after the acqin-iiiuu of Savoy than before. If this was agreed upon, it was clear that sonic of the measures recum mended in the debate would tmt he expedient. To enter into alliances with the great Power* of Kuro]*, unless the matter was of sufficient importance, would inspire alarm, and route the national feel- ing in France. Her Majesty*! I i.ivenimeni, when it appeared that no Congroa would take place, and there would be no opportunity to l-ring the matter into discussion in the assembly of the great Powers. stated to France and to tbe other Power* their objections to tbe measure. He thought it would be
a great mistake in the French Government if they persisted in the plan of annexation, and it would he a glorious act on tbe part of France if. after having restored independence to Italy, she was con- tent with the renown of that generous enterprise without mix- ing it up with so small an object. The reasons assigned for the an- nexation he thought insufficient, and the objection felt by the British Government was not founded upon what they considered British in- terests, but upon the danger to Europe of tho precedent and of the principles, — those of natural boundaries and the identity of lan- guage,— upon which the annexation whs justified. As it was not to be done without the consent of the sovereign and the people of Savoy, and the assent of the great Powers of Europe, we were not come to the point when we were autho- rized to hold that reflection might not induce the Government of France to abandon the design. In tbe opinion of our Government this was a question of European interest, and he could not help thinking that other Governments would take the same view as our own, and that the Government of France would find that it would gain more hy preserving the good opinion of Europe than hy the acquisition of this small territory. Mr. Disraeli, after disclaiming any desire to make the annexation of Savoy and Nice to France a ground of war. observed that Lord J. Itussell had not denied that he had received ample and repeated warnings of the design of the French Government. His defence was. that be thought ibe intima- tion* mere threats, and he treated them with indifference. Then be (Mr. Disraeli) contended that.
t/. _».»o » responsibl
the charge he had brought against history foi
the Government, and Lord J. After sj
Russell had given the House no lake, Mr. \
information upon this subject. Mr. B. C
The conduct of France had been terminated
EnglmtU.] HISTORY. [25
CHAPTER II.
Finance— The Ckaneellor of the Exchequer appoint! the Olh of Feb- ruary for bringing forward the Budget — Expectation of great financial changes — In consequence of the Minister's itlntu the Financial Statement it postponed — It i* mode on the [nth February. and the Commercial Treaty with France produced at the tame time — Elaborate and compiehensire speech of Mr. Gladstone — Extensive ehangei in taxation proposed by him — Wine Duties — Paper Duty — Reduction of Tariff— Increase of Income-tax, rfc. — Reception of the Budget in the House of Commons — Mr. Du Cane gives notice of on Amendment disapproving of the proposed changes — Hi* motion it postponed to gice place to one made by Mr. Disraeli, relative to the proceedings on the Treaty — Speeches of Mr. Disraeli, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Sir Hugh Cairns, the Attorney-General. Sir F. Kelly, Mr. Bright, Lord John Russell. Mr. Horsman, Lord Pal- tnerstan. and other Members — The amendment is negatircd by :iQ:l to a»<(_ Debate in the House of lArds on the French Treaty, and financial measures of the tiorernment — Speech** of the Earl of Derby, Earls Grey and Granrille. the Duke of Argyll, and Lord Hardmcbe— Mr Ihs Cane's notice comet on for discussion on the '2\st February, and occupies three nights — Speeches of Mr. Baxter, Sir S. Xorthcote, Mr. HulJMtrd. Mr. Ityng, Sir Francis Baring. Mr. Bright, Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Catdteell, Mr. thborne, Mr. Thomas Baring, Mr. M. Gibson, Mr. Walpole, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Disraeli, and l/ord I'almertton — The dirision results in a majority of 1 Hi in favour of the t iorernment— Address to the Crown in approbation of the Commercial Treaty icilh France, mated by Mr, Byng in the House of ( 'ummons on the *lh of March — Sir Hugh Cairns slate* some objec- tions to the Treaty — Mr, Horsman more* an amendment, excepting to one of the article* — The Chancel/or of the Exchequer vindicates the Treaty — The amendment it supported by only 5fl rot** against 382, and the Addre** i* carried — Lord Taunton, in the Upper House. more* the concurrence of the Jjords in the Addre** — Hi* Speech — Speeches of Earl tirey, fjord Wodekouee, Ijord Malmeabury, Lord t her Hone, the Ih,ke of Argyll. Jjtrd Derby, the Duke of Kew- castle, and other Peer* — r** motion is carried on a dirision by 68 to SH.
THE Chancellor of the Eiche- statement, on whkb public ex-
qoer had appointed, in tb* Deflation *mt anxiously fixed ; and
fast lufttanc*. a »erj early day it was announced that the Com-
(February Ottal. for the financial mcrcial Treaty with Franoe, which
|
NNUAL REGISTER, I860. [EngUmd. signed, would be by public expectation as one when laid before Pur- taxes might be reduced, because i- lhat the two 3,I46,000(.of interest on the debt, were intimately and the increased duties on sugar be viewed as a and tea, and the income lax would idered together, lapse. Then had come the com- ber,unexpectedly me re ial treaty with France. There pelled the post- were, however, disturbing eircum- EJudget, and pro- siauces. The revenue, estimatud so of the public at 60,40(J,O0U/., had yielded 1'his was the ill- 70,570,000/., and but for these sdstone, which, circumstances, the expedition to rious nature, was China being among tliem, there lim for bo great would have been a La! mice in hand, ulicaied financial In the mean time Spain had bon- ;act. Thisdelay oured bills due from her, amount- cral disappoint- ing to 50,000i. i feared that it Coming to the charges of the o small i ■■■ ii- current year, Mr. Gladstone said the commercial that the estimated funded debt mgemenU were was 2B,30Q,0OW„ and this would e expected an- now be reduced by 8,438,0f«M. ppily, Mr. Glad- The C'i>ii.M.ilnhir.| Fund, commonly |
EngUni.]
H I 8 T 0 R Y.
[27
be easy to return to peace duties on tea end sugar, if the House would agree to an income-tax of one shilling in the pound. How should the deficit be met ? Were they to stop in ibe progress of commercial reform ? if so, they might atop for ever. High tax- ation was a reason why they should proceed, not why they should stop. The country was richer than it ever was, and better able to bear the war (axes on tea and sugar ; and it had paid an income-tax of Is. Id. in the pound during the last half- year without amurmur. ("No.no!") He meant his observation gene- rally. What did he propose? The Government asked Parliament to renew the tea and sugar duties, ns they now stood, for tlfioen months. Ho now came to the commercial treaty with France, which he recom- mended for adoption to the House. France engaged to reduce the duties on English coal and coke, flax, and pig-iron, in 1861. On the 1st October. 1861, France would reduce duties and take away prohibitions on British productions mentioned, on which there was an ad valorem duty of flu per cent. There was a provision thai the max- imum of DO per cent, should, after the lapse of three years, be reduced to a maximum of Ub per cent. England engaged, with a limited [rawer of exception, to abolish im- mediately and totally all duties on manufactured goods, to reduce the duty on brandy from 1 tit. to P: 'id., on wine from fli. MM. to 8s. — with power reserved to increase the duty on wine if we raised our duty on spirits. England engaged to charge upon French articles subject to excise the same duties which the manufacturer would be put to in consequence of tbe changes. The treaty was to be in force for ten
Hating vindicated the policy of the Government in regard to the treaty, and contended that it nil not an abandonment of free-trade, Mr. O lad stone stated generally the results of tbe treaty. Tbe reduction of the duty on win*, which would afford relief to the consumer, would bo 830,000/., entailing a loss of 818.000/. The reduction of the duty on brandy, from 10*. to Hi. id., would afford relief to the consumer to the ex- tent of 410,000/., entailing a lota to the revenue of 395.00OJ. There were other matters on which it was proposed to postpone the remission of the duties for some time— for instance, corks and straw-plaits; hut the general result would be, that the relief to tbe consumer would be 1,737.000/.. entailing a loss to tbe revenue of 1,1 10,04*0/. " France is a foreign country, but it is a country divided from Eng- land by anarrower channel than that which separates England from Ire- land, and there are no two coun- tries to which nature has given such, a diversity of soil, products, and character, and there cannot be found on the face of the world two countries no well constituted for carrying on a beneficial and ex- tended commerce. England has ? lined a great advantage, even if ranee bad done nothing at all, and she lias done doubly well, because France has done a great deal." (Loud cheers.)
Entering into the wine question, and discussing it fully. Mr. Glad- stone paid a tribute to Mr. Cobden. and passed on to a further change in the Customs, which would entail a loss to the revenue of UHMMMM., giving at the some time relief to the) consumer of about I.OtO.fKXV. It was proposed to abolish the duty on butter, which yielded 05.000/. a year ; en tallow, which yielded
|
[NUAL REGISTER, I860. [E»,w, !, which yielded marked, a shilling income-tax would ;es and lemons, do it nt once. Demissions had )00/.; on eggs, been proposed giving four millions (00/. ; on nuts, of relief, mid ihcrc. were deficiencies OOOi. ; and on of nearly nine and a half millions, iing altogether Against that tbay proposed to take ■ to reduce the up the credit now allowed in the from 7s. &d. to payment of llie malt duties, and to currants, from impose an income-tax of lOrf. ia i raisins, from the pound over 130/. a year, and from 1 Us. to 7s. ; Id. in. the pound under 1 50i. •5s. to 14s. He Three-quarters of (hat amount a all goods im- would be collected ibis year. Mr. . a duty of one Gladstone then proceeded to make for registration, a general recapitulation of the k, in accordance measures proposed by him. ler which they "Let me now bring into one calculated that view the alterations which I have !00,000/.ayear; stated in detail, and in doing so I levy a small rate must endeavour to bring clearly ns in warehous- before the mind of the Committee oving, packing, three separate sums — 1st, the en- tliat incisure it lire amount of the remission or re- |
England.]
HISTORY.
[29
partments of 3,031,000/., and a loss to the revenue of 3,000,000/. The amount of compensation by means of increased consumption may be estimated at 8-1 1 ,000/., and there will be a further compensa- tion by not* charges and savings on establishments of 9*2,000/., heing a total of I ,n:i3.000/, Taking this computation, there will be a net loss to the revenue for 1800-01 of 3,108,000/. I will not enter now more full; into the question of re- lief to the consumers, hut 1 be- lieve that the effect of the tariff in 1801 6-.! will be to enrich there- venue to a much greater extent than, perhaps, many anticipate. I will now state in a fevr words the effect of those changes in accom- plishing that most desired con- summation of all reformers — a simplification of the Customs' tariff of the country. The num- ber of articles subject to Customs' duties in 1*1-4 was I05st ; in l«45. 1103 articles, for I must remind the House that the first operation of the reform of the tariff was to multiply the number of articles, in consequence of an increase t>f the headings under which they were specified. In 1 KM, the number of articles was 100 ; iu 1850.410. After the changes now
(iropo.cd are adopted, without sl- owing for a few sub-di visions, such as the specification of two or three classes of sugar, the whole number of articles remaining on the larilT will be 48. There ore three classes, including fifteen articles, such as sugar, tea, tobacco, wine, coliee, timber, raisins, Ac, which are iu realiiv the onlv articles that will be retained un'lhe turilf for purposes of revenue. Ik sides those fifteen articles, there are twenty- nine which, though yielding re- venue, are only retained on special
grounds. Thus five articles an retained on account of counter- vailing duties on domestic articles, and twenty- four on account of their resemblance to one or other of the fifteen articles I have ad* verted to. We could tint, for example, admit eau de Cologne free of duly, while there is a duty on brandy. It thus follows that your Customs' revenue will be derived substantially from fifteen articles. That is a result which I hope Custom-house reformers will be of opinion justifies thechauges we have made. There will be a relief from indirect taxation of about 4.nO0,i)0i)/. Out of that, 1,000,000/. remitted on the paper duty will go directly to stimulate the demand for rural labour; 1.800.0(10/., or the greater part of 2,000,000/., under tho French Treaty will in every instance strike at differential duties, and will be the means of removing from the tariff its grctitest, per- haps its only remaining deformi- ties. There will be on the British inrilT, after the adoptiuu of these chunges, nothing whatever in tho nature of protective or differential duties, unless you apply that name to the small charges which will be levied upon timber and com, which amount in general, perhaps, lo about three per cent. With that limited exception you will have a final disappearance of all protec- tive and differential duties, and the consumer will know that every shilling he pays will go to tho re- venue, and not to the domestic as against the foreign producer."
Mr. Gladstone concluded his speeeh in these terms : — '• In con- clusion, I may s>v that I feel a hope w liich amounts to a persuasion that this House, whatever may happen, will not shrink from its
|
NNUAL REGISTER, 1680. {Evlmd. ; has achieved by who avo justly anxious ou the Bull- ous, commercial ject of our national defences, that f of the masses that which stirs tiie flume of pa- . not on behalf of Iriotism in men, that which bind* n behalf of every them together, that which gives ■ the throne, and them increased confidence in their i of the country, rulers, that which maliea thero feel that this House and know that they are treated i go boldly ou in justly, and that we who represent which it has al- them are labouring incessantly and h honourable re- earnestly for their good — is iu it- ing Buch a course self no small, no feeble, and no in your power to transitory part of national de- iinotig the people fence. We recommend this plan hicU are the best to your impartial and searching in- becauso you aro quiry ; wo do not presume to make utuical helps for a claim on your ucknowledgraenU, ou to do that fur but neither do we desire todrawon ought to do for your generous confidence, nor to l*ou are enlarging appeal to your compassion. We are giving value ask for nothing but impartial ou are appealing search and inquiry; we know that f responsibility, it will receive that justice at your |
England,]
HISTORY.
until tlw material point* in the Budget irere decided on, he could take no step in advancing the Reform Bill. Finally, it was agreed that the debate on tbe Budget should take place on the 20th. On the evening of tbe 17th a notice of motion for tbe 30th was given by Mr. Du Cane, one of tbe members for Backs, tbe object of which was to test the opinion of the House of Commons on tbe policr of the Budget. On the same evening tome discussion took place with regard to the course of proceeding to be adopted by the Government. In answer lo a question from Mr. Beotinck, Lord Palmerston said, that the Government had not deemed it necessary to provide by any un- derstanding with France for tbe contingency of Parliament not sanctioning the treaty. Mr. Dis- raeli inquired in what shape it was proposed to bring the treaty under the consideration of the House so as to subject it to a full discus- sion. Mr. Horsman described the conclusion of the treaty a* a stretch of tbe Royal Prerogative. Lord Palmerston taid the only question was as to the order by which their proceedings nhouM be governed. If the Government had brought the treaty forward before the details of the proposed com- mercial change* bad been dis- cussed, they would have been met by tbe objection that they were asking something unreasonable. Trier intended in take the sense Of Parliament on the matters de- pending upon the treaty, and it would also bo their duly to give the House an opportunity of stat- ing their opinion, ay or no, upon that engagement.
Subsequently to the announce- ment of Mr. Dn Cane's motion, aa-
[31
other notice was given by Mr. Dis- raeli, of an amendment to be pro- posed by him on the House going into committee on tbe Budget ; and when that proceeding was about to take place on the day appointed, Mr. Du Cane postponed bis own motion to give precedence to Mr. Disraeli. That right hon. gentle- man accordingly moved the fol- lowing resolution : —
" That this House does not think fit lo go into committee on the Customs Acts, with a view to the reduction or repeal of tbe du- ties referred lo in the treaty of commerce between Her Majesty and the Emperor of the French, until it shall have considesed and assented to the engagement in that treaty."
He premised that it waa not bis intention to give any opinion upon the policy or provisions of the treaty with France, or upon tbe recent financial statement of tbe Chancellor of the Exchequer. Al- though he and bis party regretted that, from the peculiar manner in which public business bad been brought before the House by the Government, they were obliged to precipitate conclusions which ought to be postponed until many preli- minary discussions had taken place which might modify their opinions, he had deemed it his duty to give notice of this resolu- tion, in order to afford the House su opportunity of remedying an evil of no slight magnitude; for, if the House should go into com- mittee upon the Customs Acts. and adopt the resolutions of the Chancellor of ib* Exchequer, tbe treaty would, in his opinion, never come before tbe House. If the Customs Act passed, the assent of Parliament, provided for by an article in tbe treaty, woald bare
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j^H |
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LNSUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [i'»y<.»* How. then, was the idiosyncrasy of tlie negotiator. ?.*! with questions As to the form of the treaty, it ■i -!i ! .1 i i ..:.,::iv' !■' n j' reared to I'.iul to be an instt'U- - du - The meat devised to silence the voice is.i'iii',. liudiii'* i'f one Legislature ; let it not, he lo jiriiiiil'ii ihe i\- ?:iiil. deprive anotlier Legislature ■nl, furnished [in of it; privileges. the IDlh article! Thetbanei ilurof die Exchequer ■ reason for bring- ;.:i>" erod Sir. Disraeli in a speech itself before the of great power. lie observed redactions and i. ■ ilini, Mr. Disraeli, in calling •Under the treaty 'he attention of the House to a wanted to know subject which was strictly a point mi ui | :vi esed Eo of procedure, had introduced ex- iy to the eoHsliLu- ti-mcous topics into his speech; :' ; ,o 11 ii. -r iif for the question was a narrow one, 1 iiij i* t..e 11 u-:' though uf ijre.it importance. Ho etwr, in order in contended ih.it Mr. Disraeli was from a dtrlieult correct neither in his facts nor bis t »itii u. ihfl" ftil- principles. Ho read from the r ut at ine trttatv journals of the House some of the liSO. Mr. l'lit. resolutions: moved by Mr. Pitt in ■ year, called the I7>7. and some of the proceedings |
England.]
HISTORY.
point it was by too rigid sn adher- ence to the precedent of Mr, Pilt. Tlio rent Bin of the Government, ns he understood, wan that they had combined the treaty and the Budget ; that is. that they ought to have reduced at once the duties upon French wines and spirits by resolution, which must have taken effect immediately. Mr. Gladstone concluded by allowing the conse- quences of thin course, winch would have Und the effect, he -aid. of reviving the system of diffe-
Sir 11. Cairns contended tli.it, by the course now pursued, should the House hereafter object to cer- tain nrticles in the treaty nut affect- itigdutics. the Customs' resolutions htiving licen passed, the mischief would have hen done, and tlio House could u.>t go lack. If they went into Committee mi the Cus- toms Acts, it would not be com, pc tent to any uicmW to enter into the general policy of the treaty. Thi* was a departure from the precedent of Mr. Pitt. He a>ked Umt the House should hive an (ipportunily of expressing ita opi- nion uih'ii the treat? before it was called upon todeul'with the Cut. toms duties.
The A t ton ley -General replied to Sir 11. rail-on. 'and contended that the durations of the law proposed bv the resolutions with reference to the treaty, brought the propriety of thi' whole treaty ut once into the tield of discussion, the treaty being the ground of the alteration of the law
Sir F. Ki-liv disputed the roii-
Hrurllon p.it'bv the CI ellor
i-u il.
lid -Jit
,,.|:..
of the l
tl.«
sanctioned by Parliament. Ho pointed out the consequences of a decision of the House adverse to the I lth article after a reduction or remission of duties by the re- solutions. If any one vote should be rejected by the House, it would be impossible, to adopt the treaty, or even for Her Majesty to submit it to the approval of the House. Tliis difliculty would have been avoided bv a strict adherence to the precedent of I7H7.
Mr. Newdegite maintained that the course taken by the Govern- ment was not only repugnant to the precedent set by Mr. Pitt, but was not consistent with the prac- tice of the House. He protested against the treaty b* on. -sided.
Mr. Ayrton ob-erved that the Government were for the first time invited to depart from the established usages of the Consti-
tute
lid t
hitherto, he believed, unknown. It had always been the practice, in these ca-es. to take into considera- tion either the message from the Crown or the treaty itself When- ever 1'nrli anient was culled upon to vote the money of the people in execution of ii treaty, it waa the practice to go into Committee upon the treaty, anil then to con- sider the voles. The House, in Committee upon the Customs Acts, would consider the resolu- tions of the Chancellor of the Kx- chequer, but not the treat*, the consideration of which should pre- cede ibat of the resolutions. Ha tdiould vote for tin- nm.ndmenl. ■ d timt *
tempt
Hud"
d li-
the
of which wis tlmt the dd be imalld iltilll the wle. in its entirety, should bo Vol ClI.
f i he
■ it v by a -ide-wind. As there .re artiile- in the ire;,iv which odd not he the sulj.it' of any solution iu the Committee on
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.NNUAL REGISTER, 18C0. [E«»to»rf. ;ls, he wanted to resolution, but it now appeared way the Govern- that what was meant was this, to take the sense that instead of the course hither- ion the treaty. to taken, by which those parts of after listening to the treaty which required legia- at a loss to tell lalive sanction were submitted to uestion they were the House of Commons, it was a could not find proposed that every clause of the im the resolution treuty, including those depending of Mr. Disraeli, upon the prerogative of the Grown, riil oliJLi't or pur- fclioulii ["_■ discussed in llmtHouee, ion. ]f he sat on which would be a total change in ]f the House, in- the Constitution of the country. The at the treaty and Government, on the contrary, pro- skdl.iiig-horse of posed to king before Parliament i ftltack it in a all the clauses requiring the assent I portion of the of the House, and then to move Le were very much an address to the Crown on tlie treaty; then, why subject of the treaty. This was rd a motion and the course which Mr. Pitt adopted, is of opinion that and it was the only course which t had taken the Parliament could rationally pur- ut suy that tlieir sue. He agreed with Mr. Bright |
England.) HISTORY. [85
noes that the transaction would Commerce with Franoe. The
not bear the ligliL Passing to noble lord said bo should not
the financial scheme of the Chan- discus* the question whether this
oellur of the Exchequer, he ob- treaty was or was not in accord-
torved that Sir. Gladstone pro- ance with the principles of free
fessed to follow the example of Sir trade ; it decidedly was at vari-
Kobert Peel, but a fallacy, he ance with the principles laid down
thought, lurked under ibis profea- by Her Majesty's Government
eion. Sir R. Peel lowered duties some two or three months ago,
to increase revenue ; bat Mr. and he read several extracts from
Gladstone, instead of reducing the correspondence between Lord
taxes, abolished them altogether. John Russell aud Lord Cowley, to
lie imputed to the Government a show that Mr. Cobden, with the
double policy, a treaty of com- sanction of Lord Palmereton and
merco aud a rivalry of armaments, Lord J. Russell, had been actu-
leading to expenses of peace and ally negotiating a treaty on the
expenses of war, a system not sa- very bases which they bad shortly
tisfactory to the country, any more before repudiated. He had no
than that of reducing the duties doubt the Government considered
on luxuries and taxing the neces- the treaty as one of reciprocity,—
saries of the poor. an opinion from which he moat
Lord Pal mention insisted that strongly dissented. There wsa a
the subjecting all the clauses of feeling in the country that much
the treaty to iho control of Psrlis- mystery had been observed in ne-
inenl would be contrary to the goliating this treaty, especially U
fundamental principles of the Mr. Cobden was not positively
British Constitution. The Go- known to have been the principal
vernnieut, he said, intended to negotiator before the treaty wai
give the House au opportunity to laid before Parliament The oor-
eiprest its upmiou upon the treaty respondence which had been made
in the same mnnner aa Mr. Pile public was very meagre and nn-
had done in 1T«T. He concluded satisfactory, and Parliament was
with a brief but spirited reply to able to gain hut little information
Mr. iiorsman. from it. He proceeded to draw
Upon a division the amend- a parallel between the mode is
ment was negatived by 'J93 to 230, which Mr. Pitt bad introduced his
and the House went into Com- commercial treaty with Franoe in
miiteepro/orwM on the Customs I7M7 and the course which the
Acts. present Government bad deemed
In the Ipper House on the it expedient to adopt — Terr much
same day, the financial and com- in favour of Mr. Pitt's method of
mercial policy involved in the procedure. That procedure he
Budget became the subject of detailed at some length, and
an important though short dis- called particular attention to tbe
cuasiun. part which the House of Lords
It was commenced by the Earl took in discussing that treaty,
of Derby, inquiring what steps urging upon their lordships the)
Her Majesty's Government in- absolute necessity of discussing
tended to take to carry into effect questions of this kind, and not
the ilOlh article of the Treaty of refraining from them on the mis- ID ■«]
England.]
HISTORY.
|87
present a fit occasion to discuss th a merits of lite treaty, but wished to point out one ur two subjects of terioui importance. Was it wise, lie nuked, that fur the purposes of cheapening French muiiufac lures we should bind our- selves to supply France with coals fur ten icars, while France con- tinued to prohibit or levy a high duty on the exjunction of articles of raw pruduce, such as rags mid silk, equally essential to the manu- factures of this country '.'
The Duke of Argyll said, if the treaty were to be tested by reci-
Crocity, some defects would doubt m lie fouud in it; but the ad- vantages conferred by the treaty ought to be considered with its defects. lie should have been highly gratified if the treaty had Wen a Navigation treaty, but it was nut so; and Her Majesty's Government had nut contemplated the revision of the French navi- gatiun laws, as the French Go- vernment had hieadfuMlv refused to alter those laws. He'wished it tu be understood that the continu- ance uf the Income-tax was not duo to the treaty, but to the increased naval and military ex- ]>cuditure. which liad rendered the continuance uf the tax necessary. After a few words from the Karl of Hardwicke, Lord Derby with- drew his mutton.
The next important proceedings in the House of Commons upon tin1 litiaucial measures was the debate on Mr. Du Cam.' 'a motion, winch had been postponed, aa before mentioned, in order lo give precedence lo Mr. Disraelis ameiidmeiil. but came un the next day Hue UMi, and was continued by adjournment uu the iwu fol- lowing days. A great number of members took part in this discus-
sion, in which the whole policy of the French Treaty, and the various titiauciul propositions of the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer underwent a searching investigation. Our space will only admit an abridg- ment of the principal speeches delivered during this prolonged debate. Mr. Du Cane's Resolu- tion was in the following terms :— " That this House, recognising the necessity of providing for the increased expenditure uf the coming financial year, is of opinion tliat it is not expedient to add to the existing deficiency by dimin- ishing the ordinary revenue, aud is not prepared to disappoint the just expectations of the country by reim posing ihe Income-tax at an unnecessarily high rate.'' He objected to the Budget, he said, first, because it appeared to him thai, while it failed to grapple with the financial exigencies of the country, it would increase oar finsncinl difficulties ; secondly, be cause tlit.' principal reduction of taxation — namely, uf the duties on wines aud paper, was inoppor- tune at the present moment, when he fouud Ihe Income-tax raised to so htgh a rate ; and. lastly, Lo objected to the Budget, because it wai based upou an unnecessary and one-sided commercial treaty. Proceeding to show the main features of our present financial position, and the manner in which it was proposed lo deal with it, he weni through the details of the budget, which, according to the calculation uf ihe Chancellor of ihe Kxclnquer. would, he said, leave n hurplus at the end of ihe jcur of 17iMii>iiJ. ; but the pro- bable deficiency uf the succeeding financial year Mr. Du Cane com- puted at nut tar off lD.uW.oOof. tie asked the House lo consider
England.]
HISTORY.
[88
tion should now be dealt with ; but the Government were now throw ing away an opportunity of dealing with the direct taxation n» Sir K. Peel had dealt with the indirect. HtM-ouki not understand t lie scheme of the Government, unless it was intended to cut down expenditure, to postpone obligations, or to create debt.
Mr. Ajrton advocated strongly the repeal of the paper duty, and re- commended a just und permanent
Mr. Hubbard instituted a com- parison between the concessions made by England under the treaty and those made by France ; the former being large and important and the latter almost nothing. He instanced coal, upon which we had engaged to levy no duty, France, although she had coal, having none to export. He could not congra- tulate the nation, be said, upon an additional income-tax as the price of a lesson upon political economy by Mr. Cobdcii to the Emperor of the French. From the treaty he turned to the Budget, und pointed out the practical evils that would, in his opinion, attend the stamp duly upon contracts and dock war- rants, in hindrance to trade, an- noyance, and his", and the charge to'bc levied upuu certain opera- tions in warehouses. His principal assault, however, fell upon the increased income-tax, which was to bear the brunt, he observed, of the reductions under the treaty, and till up the chasm they cre- ated. Commenting upon, the in- jurious aud unequal action of this eugiue of extortion, he stigma- lized it in its present form as a disgrace to the intelligence of the ago. He concluded by an earnest protest against the remission of duties as most unwise, and against
the aggravated imposition of the income-tax and the multiplication of new and harassing imposts.
Mr, Baines considered the scheme of the Government as safe, comprehensive, and wise, as a whole. He gave a warm, though not an unqualified assent to this great plan upon these broad grounds. It was a completion of the fabric of free trade ; in the taxes re- mitted regard was had to the interests of consumers, the bulk of the nation ; and it established new bonds of friendship and eom- mercial intercourse between Eng- land and her nearest neighbour. He dwelt upon the advantages which had been the fruit of our progreskive advances in ibe path of free trade, in the vast expan- sion of our commerce, the im- provement in every branch of in- dustry, and the increase of na- tional wealth.
Mr. Byng strongly supported the policy of the treaty aa based upon the principles of free trade, and calculated to promote the cause of peace and concord among nations. Mr. Horafall, MR fur Liverpool, criticised the treaty.
>uld not
join
opposing
the financial scheme. He plained that the treaty made no reference whatever to the disad- vantage under which British ship- ping laboured in comparison with American shipping in the ports of France, which operated as a differ- ential duty in favour of cotton brought from America in American ships. He could not. however, support the mutton. If it had been confined to the income-tax he should have felt it his duty to support it, but he could not vote) for a resolution negativing a scheme which would sweep away from the tariff so many vexations
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VNNUAL REGISTER, 1860. {England. reby give nn jm- lax at 10d., and the war duties on tea and sugar again continued. Tie ntnl Mr. Item* This, however, would not do; there the Government would still he a deficiency of l.JOn.Oiif)/. or 8,000 0001, and said he had never new Uses would he indispensable, lnimeivial treaties, Mr. Bright observed tbat the itlion to a burgum speech which the House had just nit be did object heard was that of a mind which g ourselves ftura clung very much to the past, and ■ coaw with mi- entertained doubt* with regard to \\ bile wi made a the future. Every part of it held tv »i;h France we up some hobgoblin to prevent them ■wibittlT el negn- fiiM pursuing the course which, trratv with S| J'n.rn 1-4'.;, bad proved most wise. A from tl» treaty, preaMaHfi the country with respect I «lnl.- i-i -IU--I h-ti- (■■ tin Rtaanil propositions of the rim-tit' '1 tlM bob- L'bai!i'i'lli>r df the Exchequer, and . and -i^'.ir. ill'- the motion, which was a fair one, : i.nt r..|l..\<ii in viiii t i dt-f< -at the whole scheme, mill tpiritB, Hut to reject the budget and the treaty, itinil ri'iiHiiiis. it mid to overthrow the Government. |
England.]
HISTORY.
[41
its well as in England. But the treatr, he observed, was but a part of thr pnipMtkn of the Cham..!, lor of lite Exchequer, who pro- >«.sed lo reduce mid simplify the tariff, snil to ttl.olis.il the Iiaicd excise u jion paper, and he ticked the opponents of the Budget whether lrf.. or Si/., or 3d. in the pound Income-tax was too much to pay f»r the gwat good which the country would receive from it. The scheme carried out the poliov of Sir llolH-n l'eel: tint i-ffecm of that policy had hren seen and Ml. end no one now denied that it turn ii wise one. lltit. although he tpoke thus in favour of the treat*, the Budget, and the relaxation* of the turill, he whs not ullluindful of "lie great hlot in the statement of the Chancellor of the Exchequer; he alluded to the frighlful, llie scan- diiloiis rxpendtnire. lie ridiculed the notion that there wan any ground for apprehensions of e\il d. sign* l.y Frame, and a-knl why it wan that, with profes-iors of j>er-
and then attacked the financial scheme of the Government — the reduction of the wine duliea. the repeal of the paper duly, and the ilieuaie- lax ■ upon the demoralizing and mischievous effects of which he vehemently insisted, declaring the doubling of it to he au im- moral proposition, calculated to corrupt society. The treaty, in his Opinion, ought to he reconsidered, and the budget, under the circum- >i nines of the country, ha re* gonled as unwise and inexpedient. Mr. ('urdni)l observed that the motion demurred lo no particular nrm-l. in the treaty, nor to any propositi"!! iu the Budget, but rxi-ed the whole question of our luieiicial pobci in the fairest man- ner, lie justified the course pro- posed by the Government by the success of the policy upon which it was. founded, observing thai, even where duties were altogether re-
ed, il w
iatakc
.upp.
feel
de-or
inly o
r |:<>
ml ,1 ,
, [here should he
Mr. White-id.*, after a rei.tr. Masoned with sarcasm, to Sir. Bright. diaeiiwd the treaty, which lie ten. ed a partial and one sided instrument. He eapwialW con- demned the ariiele binding Eng- land not to impo-c a duty ..n the
tl.ell.aw. he said, of its 1,-tsla-
ulhoi >.d to'
i the
He of Mr.
good deal of satirical
that no returns to the Exchequer were obtained by the remission. Hut returns lo the Exchequer were not all the benefits conferred by the remission of taxation; it hud trebled our foreign trade, a.lil. d to l ho. wealth of even claw ..f the community, diminished the expen-c of puujierism, and ex- tended social comforts.
Mr. Newdegate called attention lo the diM-orduure between the treaty and the instruction* for it, and to the relative position in which il placed Her Majesty and the Emperor of the French with reference to the re-t of the world, tin- siipnhitioiis enabling the Em- peror in lepieseut all mankind. He condemned the financial plan of the Government— the reduction of duties iijioii luxurits, ami the retention of those upon coffee, ten, sugar, and malt— article* of prime
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. IE»jW. eby Rive nn im- tax Bt (fid., and the war ilulies on tea and sugar again continued, le uml Mr. Beuch This. however, wotilj nut do ; there the Government would mill be a derwicucy of l.aOO.000/. or 3,0000001, and sttid he liad never new tanes would be indispensable, mmercial treaties, Mr. Bright observed that the etion io a bargain speech which the House had juet ut be did object heard bus that of a mind which 3 ourselves From clung very much to the past, and course with an- entertained doubts with regard to While we made a the future. Every part of it held y with France we up some hobgoblin to prevent ihem ssihilitv of nego- from pursuing the course which, reaty with Spain, from Itit'-i. had proved most wise. consider the ad- There was but one opinion ex- d from the treaty, pressed in the country with respect while reductions to the general propositions of the men ted the con- Chancellor of the Exchequer, and and sugar, the the motion, which was a fair one, not followed in went to defeat ihe whole scheme. Bud spirits. But to reject the budget and the treaty, itical reasons, it and to overthrow the Government. |
England.] HISTORY. [41
as well oa in England. But the and then attached the financial treaty, he observed, waa but a part acheme of tlio Government — the of l lit' proposition of ilie Chancel- redncliuii of (lie wine duiiea, the lur of the Exchequer, who pro- repeal of the paper duly, and the posed to reduce uitd simplify tlio income- tax, upon the demoralizing Lund', and to abolish the haled aud mischievous effects of which excise upou paper, and he asked the he vehemently insisted, declaring opponents of the Budget whether the doubling of it to he uu im- ld., or 'id., or 3d. in the pound moral proposition, calculated to Income-tax was too much to pay corrupt society. The treaty, in hi* fur the great good which the opinion, ought to he reconsidered, country would receive from it. The and the budget, under the circuiu- scheme carried out the pulley of si hi ices of the country, he re- Sir Hubert l'etl ; the effects of girded as unwise and inexpedient, that policy hail been seen and felt, Mr. Card a ell observed that the and no one mm denied that it whs motion demurred to no particular a wise one. But, although he (puke article in the treaty, nor to any thus in favour of the treaty, the proposition in the Budget, but Budget, and the relaxation*! of the raised the whole question of our tariff, he was not unmindful of one linancial policy in the fairest man- great blot in the statement of the tier, lie justified the course pro- I'hancellor of the Exchequer: he posed by the Government by the alluded to the frighlfol, the scan- success of the policy upon which it dalous expenditure, lie ridiculed was founded, observing that, even the notion thai there was any where duties were altogether rc- ground for apprehension* of owl milted, it \\a* u mistake in suppose di signs hy I'micr. and a-ki d why that no returns to the Exchequer it whs that, with pmfoi-siimsuf per- were obtained by the remission, feet limit) mi our part, and a drill' Hut returns to the Exchequer iiRT0i.il treaty, there should be so were not all the benefits conferred vast an increase in our estimates, by ibe rcuiissiou of taxation; it It was. he mid, a wonderful iuenn- had trebled vur foreign trade, hi-n-in v. or a gi. at and fatal hv- added lu the wealth of every claaa p.tri-v". and mmel-aiy niu-1 bo .-f the comminute, dnmni.hed the guilty of an immorality, the dark- expense of paujierisin, and ex- ne-s of which be wanted a olds to tended social comforts, describe. Mr. Nendegate called attention Mr. White-ide, after a. reply, to ihe discordance between the seasoned with sun-asm. to Mr. treaty and the iusi rucl ions for it, Itrighl. discus-ed the ireuty. whii-h and to ilio relative position in he tern ed a partial and one sided winch it placed Her Majesty and instrument. He especial I v con- the Emperor of the French with demned the article binding Eug- reference m the ret of the world, land not to iii)|"-e a dulv on the the stipulations enabling the Em-
exi.r -nof coal. which deprived peror t.i rep., sent all mankind.
ll e House, h. said, of its kgisU- He cmd-miied the tinaiiiini plan
live million IV in the matter. He nf the Government — the reduction
relumed lu' Ibe sp.cch of Mr. of dunes ii]h.d luxun.s, aud the
Bright, upon which he expended a retention of those upon coffee, tee,
good deal of satirical declamation, sugar, and malt— articles of prime
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NNUAL REGISTER, I860. [England. ie pound income- existing deficiency by diminishing son that could be the ordinary revenue." Could abolition of the this be reconciled with the treaty? might, lie said, be In its terras it was aimed at the aid force against very life of tbe treaty. Hut much of the income- more than ibis. It was an opinion tijections to which repudiating and condemning the isting them with mass of our commercial legislation lions to the paper for the lost eighteen years. He ed another reason reviewed the financial operations e motion, it would of 184-i, 1845, and 1853, and j, there would be insisted that tbe plan which the great or greater Government proposed correspond- ed with those measures, and that >r of the Esche- tbe effect of it would be to add t« listening to the our resources, creating coustantly- Valpole, he could growing funds by the remission premises apart of taies. He admitted that it was ion, or his conclu- impossible to expect, a rapid re- his premises, but turn lo a lower expenditure; bat, era tbe connection being on a high level of cxpendi- He was favour- ture, let us, lie said, strengthen n features of the ourselves by pursuing the course |
England.)
HISTORY.
[46
expenditure on account of China ; but, taking the deficiency at only 9,400,000/. for the next year, he would find wanting the 1,400,000/. for malt and hop credits, while 1,000.000/. would be required for Exchequer bonds. It was because Mr. Gladstone's plan was not like those he had cited that the motion called upon' the House to inter* pose and express an opinion upon his propositions. With resj>ect to the treaty, he and his party had no prejudices against a commercial treatv with Franco ; on the con- trary. if the position of a flairs permitted, nothing could be more desirable. But his objection to this treaty was, that it was drawn with a want of forethought, and of knowledge of the circumstances with which the negotiator had to deal, and that by the treaty the deficiency under which we were suffering would be lurgely in- creased, to the extent of 500,000/. beyond the amount at which Mr.
*
Gladstone had calculated his loss. He exposed what he characterized as the great failures of the famous Budget of 1N5<1, which he con- nected with that of lfcWO. and a>ked why, after these conspicuous failures, the House should put confidence in a wild and improvi- dent project of the same financier. Adverting to the state of affairs in Italy, he put it to the House whether this was not a moment when we ought to husband our resources, instead of sacrificing portions of our ordinary re\enue. l,ord Palmer.nton said lie was not going to dianis* the extraneous topic* introduced bv Mr. Disraeli. He recalled the Hoiim* to the Hiilijt-rt before it— a pollution which, in a short coinjiasH. whs one of the ino*t important ever sub- mitted to it. The motion involved
two questions— our commercial relations with a foreign country, and the development of our national resources at home; it asked the House to reject sum- marily and by anticipation the treaty and the Budget If we were to face a large expenditure, we ought to do all we could to increase our resources ; and the two measures were directed to that object, while they would spread over the other countries of Europe the sound principles of commercial intercourse.
The House then divided, when there appeared : —
For Mr. Du Cane's Motion 233 Against it 330
Majority for Government . 110 So large a majority in favour of the financial policy of the Govern- ment was conclusive as to the ulti- mate success of the Budget and the French Treaty in the House of Common*, but the propositions of the Chancellor of the Exche- quer, involving a great multitude of details, and affecting in various ways a large circle of interests, hud yet to 'undergo a severe and lengthened ordeal in both Houses. The opposition party, though out- numbered, were by no means daunted, but strove in the numer- ous discussions which arose on the several articles of the treaty and the multifarious items affected by the Budget, to thwart the policy of the Government. Before enter- ing, however, into the details of the financial scheme. Ix>rd Pal- merston had undertaken to give Parliament an opportunity of de- claring its opinion explicitly upon the merits of the commercial treaty, and this he projiosed to do by asking the assent of the two Houses to an address to the
England.-} HISTORY. [47
however, to press his motion, the negotiators could have hmd thinking it better to bring it for- their attention directed to the sun- ward in s substantive shape at some ject of the linen trade. He aperi- futuro time. Mr. Peacock and fied other objections to the manner Mr. 13. Cochrane objected to the in which the treaty had been policy of the treaty. Mr. Ewsrt framed, and commented upon the congratulated Mr. Gladstone on spirit-duty, originally bed at 10s. his great achievements. Mr. per gallon, which was subsequently Magiiiro warmly defended the reduced to 6f. 3d., and he asked treaty, which he insisted would what concession had been made by
Sovo very beneficial to Ireland, the French Government for this
r. Ridley. Lord Adolphua Vane 1*. lUd. lie contrasted the rigi-
Tem pest, and Mr. Sluney also lance of the French negotiators of
spukc in favour of it. the treaty with the supineness of
Sir Hugh Cairns intimated the ours, and, with reference to the
view taken by the party with which 1 1th article, he observed that up
he was connected. He said : to that moment the House had not
" I thou Id regret very much if bad any explanation of the object this motion were not carried. The of the Government in regard to rejection of it would bo the over- that article, and he asked what throw of tho treaty, and, for my right they bad to surrender a pan, I do not desire thai the treaty power to prohibit the export of bliould be overthrown. But if my coal, possessed for political pur- assent to the motion were to be poses, and which had no relation to held to imply thai 1 believed this commerce. Although be considered to l>o a treaty wise in its details, tho treaty one-sided, imperfect, and well -cm i side red in iu provi-dons, halting, he supported the motion or such a treaty as the trade of the because much greater injury woold country required, and hud a right be done, and greater risk incurred, to expect, the opinion which I en- by arresting it than by assenting term in of tbe treaty would be very to it, and he was not prepared to much misapprehended: and it is take tbe responsibility of defeating in order i» prevent that mi>appre- the trcatv iu that way. bension that 1 do not wish to give Mr. M'ilner Gibson was glad to a silent vote on the present occa- hear that Sir Hugh Cairns would sicii." It had been denied, he throw no impediment in the way observed, that the treaty was a bar- of the treaty, by which we should gain ; but, if it was not a bargain, obtain what was good iu itself, as what was the meaning of tho terms well as beneficial to the people of in tbe tre.ity under which the both France and England. With validity of its stipulations depend- regard to Irish linens, he had been ed upon the sanction of the IIouhO assured by a deputation from the
|
of Cu |
muiOns? His uhj-ctioii was |
manufacturers of Belfast that they |
|
that ii |
i Has not only a bargain, but a |
would l>o satisfied if they were put |
|
very 1 |
.ad bargain fur us. He dwelt |
ujujii the same fooling ss those of |
|
upon |
(be defect* of the treaty iu |
Belgium, and (hey were lo be eo |
|
rel-ii. |
>u to our shipping, mid lo the |
placed in June, W)|. In rc-|*ct |
|
linen |
and linen yam «.f Ireland. |
to citaU. wbat could be done by |
loaded with an almost prohibitory international law before the treaty duty, expressing his doubt whether could be done afterwards ; the non-
England.]
HISTORY.
1 48
error arose from confounding the French Emperor with die French nation, whose views, be contended, were anLagouislical. linving con- sidered the sacrifices mode ou our pari, he predicted that, as a com- mercial speculation, the treat; would fail, and then discussed its political objects, confessing his ap- prehensions that commercial con- siderations predominated too much in our political relations. But what, he asked, did a political alli- nnco with Franco mean? Our policies differed altogether; in re- lation to Italy and to Savoy, in respect for treaties and reverence for national rights, we were, he said, the voir antipodes of each other. After summing up his ob- jections to the treaty upon econo- mical, fiscal, constitutional, and po- litical grounds, he dwelt at con- siderable length upon that nrticle in the treaty which gave to foreign nations what he termed a vested right in EuglUh coal, contributing to the exhaustion of one of the great
clot
I Of 0
peritr and our political strength, mid enhancing its price, ami there- by, in effect, laying a tax u|>on this country for the benefit of fo- reigners. He concluded by moving, as an amendment, to add to the rt solution the following words: —
"Hut humbly to represent to Her Majesty that, in the opinion of this House. Article II imposes on the Crown and Legislature of the liti.
Home cannot assent; and to pray Her Majesty to effect the omission of that article from the treaty.'
Mr. Viiinn showed that the ad- vantage* of the Article in question were in favour of Kiiglund, as it had been proved that there was sufficient coal iu the mines of
Vol. CI I.
Wales alone to answer all the ex- ports, and supply the wants of the country for "Ml years.
Mr. Uetitinck addressed the House in opposition to the pro- posed amendment.
Sir Itobort Peel gave his cordial support to the motion, and urged that, although the treaty might entail some losses on this country for the present, it would obtain for us greater advantages hereafter.
Mr. Disraeli observed, that if the Government were of opinion that, upon the whole, it was wise to enter at once into arrangements with the French Government, in- stead of waiting for n year, it would have been belter, by some altera- tions in our mutual tun lis. to have attained all the ends that could bo at present acquired; and at a later period to have completed the work, and accomplished the ulterior results by a treaty. He should have objected to tie up the hands of this country so long for objects which might be realized by a simpler process. These were the views under which he should have regarded the treaty under or-
could say that this treaty had been negotiated under ordinary circum- stances : the circumstances, were of a most exceptional character, and he objected to it upon three grounds — financial, diplomat!.-, and poli- tical. His first objection was to the creating a large deficiency of revenue for the purposes of this treaty. 1'ihjii the second ground, he objected to the treaty that it had been unskilfully and negli- gently entered into, and he ad- duced proofs of what he considered precipitation, and of carelessness in regard to Uritiidi interests. Then the political objections U the treaty were a part of the sub-
|
NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. not lie evaded, as Italy, he considered the objections id, had been did- offered to the treaty. It liad been er the treaty upon said it was a bargain, and that we ;, it having been had sought equivalents and had ited for political uut got them. He denied that tbe considering the treaty was a bargain, for tbe es- V, ho avowed that so nee of a bargain was that aome- ilio French Go- thing was to he given which was •ed to him in that worth retaining, and something seu, so far as the was to bo received in returu. But mieut ffaH con- nothing was given to France which ■auk, and straight- was of value to us, and nothing e latter had been was received from France, except a which llii.y knew measure by which France conferred ban la i to the a benefit upon herself. Upon com- ■ pwrinces, yet in oiercinl grounds, the short recom- roiind and affect- mendiitiun of th.0 treaty was, that e eomplawed tlint at a wry small loss uf revenue we tho transaction* gained the advantage of a very is imperfect, from great extension of our trade. We irtaiii inforiiiutmii had !uiig ncii-.i upon tlio principle irate letters wlu'cli that all deferential duties were |
En0»d.) HISTORY. [61
liear examination, and expressing of the countrj, and he should
his conviction (hat the mass of the therefore review it in connection
people did not participate in these with the Budget of the present
objections. If, he concluded, by year. The repeal of indirect taxea
the blessing of the Almighty, a to the amount of -1,900.0001. a
spirit of justice, prudence, and mo- year, in the face of a deficiency of
deration should prevail in the 0,000,000!.. was a hazardous and
councils of Europe, we ought to ambitious experiment, and it was
hope that this treaty would pro- his opinion that such changes of
duce effects beyond our power to taxation ought not to be lightly
calculate. attempted. Successive Chancel-
The House then divided upon lors of the Exchequer had eon- Mr. Horaman'e amendment, when curred in pressing upon Perlia- tliere appeared : — mem the inexpediency of meddling
for the Amendment 56 with these taxea; yet, in spite of
Against it 2t>3 this, because the p'u hi ic had calcn-
■ lated upon some advantage by the
Majority for the original falling in of the Long Annuities,
lion 230 and although the sum saved by the
A corresponding motion was Long Annuities had been more made in the House of Lords by than counterbalanced by new ex- Lord Taunton, on the Ifllh March, penses.it was thought necessary, who moved that their lordships in order not to disappoint the should sgree with the Address to people, to gratify them by a large the Crown adopted by the House remission of indirect taxes. Such of Commons. The noble lord a scheme was fanciful in the ex- paid that the Address had received l re me, and it was to treat the the almost unanimous consent of people of this country like cbil- ihe House of Commons, and was dren. It was, however, necessary ratilied by the approval of the to look forward, and to consider industrious and manufacturing what would be the probable effects Husoes. The treaty would deve- of the remission of these taxes, }<■(•« our trade with France, and There were fortifications to be
Ercvent serious misunderstandings built; there was a war in China
reaking out upon petty differ- most inadequately provided for by
ences ; it would benefit our manu- tbc present estimates, which would
faeiurers, coal -producers, and the exercise a decided effect on the
shipping interest, and would show Budget of 1*01. Parliament, in
the world that we were ready to 1*01, would have to deal with a
give further proof of our cc-nfi- deficiency of probably l".ono.O00/.
deuce in frec-lnide. The Karl of How was such a deficiency to be
Cork seconded the moiion. met .' Not by indirect taxi**, be-
l/>rd Grey said that, although cause the Budget had aMisbed
he did n»t intend t> obstruct the them ; not by increased Customs'
progress of the treaty, lie cnuld Duties, became the present treats-
not give his vote in favour nf the with France would preclude such
moti'in. This treat r ti nil J not bo a course. He could not concur
considered by itself alone, as it with Lord Taunton, that the
was a part, and a most essential treaty was the best means of in*
part, of the financial arrangement* auring the friendship of the two K V
E»^.«j.j HISTORY. [63
from that policy which he had of Mr. Cobdeii as a negotiator,
proclaimed at the commencement he pointed out instances of in-
of his reign, and entering on the attention to the interests of this
course which had been bo ruinous country visible in the treaty, and
to the First Empire. then proceeded to lay down with
Lord Do Grey and llipon de- great clearness the principles of
fended (he treaty as calculated to free-trade, which were not, ha
extend our commercial relations, contended, antagonistic to a system
and affording fresh securities for of duties, and he concluded byex-
peaee. pressing his regret that he could
Earl Stanhope took an opposite not vote for the Address-
view of the tendencies of the The Duke of Argyll defended
treaty, which had already excited Mr. Cobdeii atid the Government
the hostility of the protected in- from the charges brought against
teresta in France with which it them by Lord Overatone, and ex-
interfered. plained, in reply to Lord Grey,
Lord Overstoue entertained that the remission of indirect
very grave doubts as to the ex- taxes would not increase the pre-
pediency of entering into any sent deficit, but merely leave it in
such treaty, as such engagements the aamo condition as before. The
were full of danger and difficulty, increase in the Income-tax waa
In such matters each country not due to these remissions, but
would consult its own advantage to the increased expenditure for
lienor by pursuing its own into naval and military armaments ;
rests, acting independently, and and the increase of the Incoma-
progrcsaively reforming its tariff tux was rendered necessary by the
without binding itself to this or naval policy of their predecessors,
that party. In regard to the ex- His noble friend complained that
jiort of coal, he thought it not a the measures of the Government
question of depriving foreign couu- tended to alter the proportions
tries of that article, but of the between direct and indirect taxa-
propriciy of depriving ourselves tiou, but this assertion was at
of the fiscal benefit of an ei|>ort variance with the results of cau-
duty. The demand for and con- tiou, fur tbc Customs' duties
sumption of coal was increasing alone, in spite of the redoc
annually, and. as it was «u article lion of 1 1.DOO.OOOi. since Sir
limited in amount, aud with no It. Peel's time, had increased by
power of reproduction, tho export i.Otm.tMM)/. Sir K. Peel had not
of such a commodity was not a confined himself to reduction*,
point upon which they were to hut he made very large abolitions,
have no opinion, but was, to say many of them analogous to those
the leaat of it. an open question, of the treaty. As for an export
He could not conceal the opinion duty on coal, it had been already
he entertained that this treaty, tried, and had not materially in-
instrad of making us friends, was lerfered with the coal trade of
calculated to create ill-will and the country. Thai snide in the
suspicion of having liecu mutually treaty on coal was a guarantee
overreached, between the two that France waa inclining to peaee-
natioDS. Reviewing the conduct ful objects, and if France waa to
England.]
HISTORY.
[65
the policy of England and Franco was identical, lie proceeded to consider the whole question of Savoy, and denounced as highly culpablo the conduct of the Go- vernment, in even appearing to sanction the course upon which the French Emperor was entering. Up to the present moment the conduct of tho Emperor had been most moderate. What would be the result if Suvov were annexed?
•
All coutideure would be dost roved
•
in Europe, large armaments and consequent expense would be thereby occasioned, and mutual ill-will and suspicion engendered by tho acquisition of a territory so hinall that, if it were uot for the principle at stake, it would be of no consequence whatever. His opinion of the impolicy of this treaty was so great that, ul though he whs not particularly desirous of dividing on the question, ho should feel it his duty, if Lord <irey pressed for a division, to vot* agaiust tho Address.
The Lord Chancellor said it \\a* quite unnecessary to pa-»s an Art of Parliament in order to give validity to the treaty, nor was it requisite even to give validity to the 11th Article. The treatv was simply one of commerce, and did not atVect the power of the Crown to prohibit the exportation of what was or might be contraband of war.
Lord Chelmsford made a few observations in answer to the Lord Chancellor. I^ord Hardwicke con- fined the few remarks which he offered to the consideration of the ;lrd Article of the treatv. After a fi'w words from Lords Wcnsley- dale and Cranworth, the debate w»h brought to a close by a speech from the Duko of Newcastle. The
rtoble Duke admitted the political hearing of the treaty, but called the attention of the House to the fact, thatthe negotiation was com- menced before the question of Savoy aroso. He congratulated the Opposition on their change of sentiments in regard to the Em- peror of the French since tho last occasion on which they had spoken of him, and denied in the strongest manner that there existed anv con- nection betweeu the annexation of Savoy and Nice and this commer- cial treaty, asserting that they were entirely unconnected transactions. This treaty was not an exchange of equivalents ; for how could a country which had systematically abolished its own restrictions ex- pect at once to gain equal ad- vantages from a country which pursued a contrary system ? It was not for England, however, to blame Franco for her restrictive policy, for we had taught her that policy ourselves by the adoption of tho Methueu Treaty. Adverting to the hpeech of Lord Malmes- burv, he showed bv statistics that the increased consumption of wine would bo greater than Lord Mai- inc.tbury 6up(>oscd( and that, if it were to supersede the use of malt liquor, the revenue would certainly be the gainer, as the lower duty on malt would have to yield to the higher duties on wine. He could not agree with the assertion that the Government was contracting the sphere of indirect taxation, merely because thev had curtailed the roll of the Custom house to forty- four articles. The jH»licy of such reductions had been suffi* ciently hhown by the increase in the Customs and Excise since l**-i^. There was no reason for supposing that the Government
|
lNNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Bmfrmd. tself from impos- what course he would pursue, bat ities, for it could an adverse vote would uut iuvali- ty it liked upon date the treaty. ii condition of im- The House then divided, when me time a similar the numbers were : — m our own manu- Contents . . . .68 ly adverting to the Non-Contents . . .38 Duke he said must — i Derby to decide Majority . . 30 |
fli^.] HISTORY. [67
CHAPTER III.
FiKANCB. — Piscuttions on the sereral portion* of the Budget — The Wine Putin — Mr. Gladstone's exposition of thi* subject — Mr. If. Milne* more* an amendment in farour of allowing the Wine Merchant* et further drawback on their stocks — It i* negatired, and Ike original proposition* are carried — Measure /or facilitating the consumption of trine by licensing Refreshment Hornet/or the tale— Opposition of tit Licensed Victualler*' and the Temperance Societies — Speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in tupport of hi* Bill— Mr. Crook, Mr. Wyld, Mr. Ayrton, Mr. Edwin .Tama, Mr. Hardy, and Mr. Henley oppose the teeond reading, which it supported by Mr. Ktr Srymer, Alderman Salomon*. Mr. ViMert, Mr. Burton, and other member* — The leeond reading it carried by a majority of 74, and the Hill become* law — Ilemoral of a great number of minor CuttOWU Untie* from the Tariff— Mr. t. Ihincombe adroeate* the ca*e of the Cork-cuttrr* — -Sir Joseph I'arton mure* an amendment on the pro- posed remiuion of the Silk Duties—The Chancellor of the Exchequer succeed* in carrying hi* proposition — Thy. Is COM K. Tax — A resolution it moral to increase the rate tu lllrf. in the pound fur one year—Sir Henry Willoughby more* to tubttitute Dii. — This and other amend- ment* are negatired, and the Bill i* patted - KxcisB on Paflb— Vurwti* opinion* a* to the policy of repeating thi* Tax — Sir H'. Miles more* an amendment to defeat the teeond reading of the Bill — Speech* of Mr. Stanhope. Mr. S'orri*. Mr. Black, Mr. Mnguire, lAird II. Cecil, Mr. M. Uiottm, Mr. Honman, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Sir John I'akington— The amendment ti rejected by Hi to Wi — The third reading it again contested. Sir Stafford Xortheote. meeting it with 'a hostile motion— Speeche* of Mr. M. Gibson, Mr. Puller, 7»nl II. Vane. Mr. EtUce, Mr. T. Baring, the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mr. IHiracH—The. third reading it farrictt by nine cote* only -laid Monleagle nice* notice of hi* inten- tion to more it* rejection in the Hotue of iMrdt — The Earl of Derby alio intimate* hi* retatminn to resist thi* part of the financial scheme — Important debute upon the teeond reading in the House of Ijord* on the 'Hit May - Earl Oranrille open* the debate in an able speech — Lord Ijyndhurtt assert* the constitutional right of the Ijord* to reject the 'Bill ■■ ijord Monteagle attack* the financial plan* of ike Gorcmment— h-rd Cranwortk oppose* Ijord Lsendkwrtt't rime a* to
EngUnd.) HISTORY. [5»
of the leading features of tbe ferent rates of duty at which they Budget, as shove described. The are to be admitted into this court- first ijuesiiini which came under try. A portion of ihe lighter wines not ire was thut of tbo wine duties, of France and of the Ilhine will nml this branch of the suhjcct was be admitted at a dm/ of Is. per explained by the Chancellor of tbe gallon. The remainder of the Lxeht-quer with great fulness of lighter wines of France and of the detail in a Committee of the whole Hhino will bo admitted at a duty House upon the «7th of February, of I*. <W. A portion of the lighter The right ban. gentleman began wines of Portugal. Spain, mid tbo by observing that this was one of Mediterranean will also be admit* the most difficult fiscal question! ted at a duty of Is. (M. per gallon; with which he ever had hud to dial, while the greater portion of the High duties had created an ex- Spanish, as well as the great bulk rcpiional and artificial stats of of the Portuguese and a consider- things, and the first step towards able amount uf the Sicilian, to- il thorough change in this depart- gether with the wines of tho South ment could not be taken without of France, will have to pay a duty encountering great difficulties. of 'it. Next of the scale of du- Ikfuro proceeding further, ho tics. An uniform duty cannot be answered a question which had adopted, because wino varies in been raised as to tho manner of quality more than any other pro- ascertaining the strength of wines duct. Anything more than a mera und applying the scale to them, nominal duty would he unequal in The object of the alcoholic teat was its operation. But we cannot ira- •imply to determine what was wine pose a nominal duty only, since snd what was not niue. Any liquor the principle on which wine duties con mini u g more than forty degrees arc levied lies at tho root of half of alcohol was not admitted at alt. our indirect taxation — the imposi- There were no official data except lion of duties on strong liquors, for the strong surts, and a great The lowest duty is a high rate on \ariety of samples had been col- the lowest kind of wine. Tliere- lectcd. "The operation of the fore, in order to giro fair play to the test. "continued the right hou. gen- scheme, that duty must not exceed tleuinn. " to which 1 ruler has been la." Kntering minutely into various founded on actual experiment, aud objections, Mr. (iladstone showed the modo of making that expert- that the alcohol in beer is more nu-nt is as follows: — Tho wine is legally taxed than the alcohol in first of all subjected to distillation spirits properly so called ; and that in small stills, which have now been the competition between beer and brought lo such perfection thiil they spirits and beer and wine is onlr perform the operation in less than indirect. The Government could half an hour Tbe spirit having not reduce the duty below iN.when by ibis process been extracted from the spirit approaches forty degrees the wine, it is tested in the usual of proof, without perilling the manner, and with the most perf<-cl I'J.imo.imfl/. of reveuue raised on accurscy, by means of fykes lly- llmi-di snd foreign spirit-.. There- drometer. Now 1 come to the dif- fore. Ms. was as low as they could fereni classes of wiue, and the dif- go. Me had carefully considered in-
England.]
HISTORY.
[01
a declaration, he said. " not mads in that House by any brewer for these forty yean." Mr. Henley contended that the change in the wine-duties would be equivalent to ft differential duty in favour of France. Mr. Milnes withdrew his amend men I, and submitted an- other, giving all wine-deatera a right to drawbacks for nocks ac- quired within the hist two years. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, however, adhered to his nroiKisal of giving the drawback only to those who had complied with the Minute, and on a division, tho amendment was negatived hy 163 to Vi.
Mr. Gladstone next moved the aecotid | .art of the resolution, which fixes tho rate of duty to be paid on wines of different strength. In this nan of the resolution, he said the Government had d.t er- mine J to propose two alterations. By the lint, the 15th of January would be fixed aa the time fur the linol fall of dutv. instead uf the Hth of April. By the second, If degn es instead of I '■> degrees would be fixed as the luwest standard of aleuhulic spirit, so tliat nil wines rouLiimng lea* than I « degrees of alcoholic spirit would enter at li
Cer gallon dutv : those containing :ss than 90 degrees at li. W. : and those containing less than 4U degrees at 'it.
This led to another desultory discussion, hut ultimately the reso- lution was agreed to without a
As a coinplemcut to his measure
fi.r the reduction uf the wi duties
it whs i.r.ipiw.1 by the I'liancillor of the Kxebeqiler to give increased
railing f,.r the o,i,sum|,l, f
th.it article by lie. -iiMug the sale of wine at refreshment Iioummi. By this means lie designed to make
it more accessible to the genenl public, and to benefit the revenue through the increased sale. Hav- ing brought in a Bill to give effect to this measure, Mr. Gladstone explained its aim and objects on moving the second reading on the 27th of March. He staled thst it was a measure of practical im- portance, nnd had no party charac- ter. There were, however, he said, two parlies taking their stand on independent grounds, but arrayed in opposition together: these were the licensed victuallers and the Temperance Societies, the former being tho more formidable op- ponents.
The channels for the sale of wine Mere unduly, nay. ludicrously resirieied. Such was the stale of tin! law, that no man could have a licence for the sale of wine, unless he had a licence for the sale vf spirits also: hut he might have a licence fur the sale of spirits with- out having one for the sale of wine. Thus the side of wine was restricted in favour of spirits. Nor was t|i<.' distinction theoretical ; out of tl:t,tH»H licensed to sell spirits, onlt tt.lHKI were licensed to sell wine. The quality distri- buted was another reason' for en- larging the channels of distri- bution, so as to introduce the principle of competition. Now tho Government would not be re- sponsible for reproducing the ex- isting licensing system. At pre- sent, duties were imjused on ma- gistrates, which it was impossible for them t.> discharge. Tiny wera made judges of the quantity of liquor a given iiutiiIht uf human l»-ings ought to consul ne. This led to an inequality dependent upon personal discretion, ami to the greatest heartburnings, white lor moral purposes it was inefficient
JSIwtorf.]
HISTORY.
[63
his licence, the necessity of going through the same process of giving notice, jet the Dill, duly requiring the magistrates to lake the initia- tive, gives them the same powers. to lie annually exercised, if they think At. in the case of renewals of licences, as they are to exercise upon notice received from the party in the cose of the original granting
of a licence There is,
besides, in the Rill, a system of
fcualties. This portion of the till has been copied in general from the Beer Acts, which con- tained very severe penalties; but they have been improved and made more workable by changes of va- rious kinds. I intend to propose an amendment, in one clause of which the necessity will at once be recognized. The words of that obtuse have been taken from the Beer Acts, uitd provide that every- body limited under the Act who shall permit any person to be guilty of drunkenness or disorderly conduct in their houses sliall be subject to ccitaiti penalties ; but, oddly enough, the section which makes it penal to permit drunken- ness or disorderly conduct dues not make- it peunl to commit drunken- ness or disorderly conduct. I pro- pose, in Committee, to make an amendment to that effect."
Mr. Wyld and Mr. Avrlon ex-
E reused their hostility to the Hill, nt an amendment moved by the former was defeated by 150 to I'i'i. The debate having been ad-
jo.
cd.
Mr. Cfrnk moved to defer the second trading for -.ix months. He Objected to tliu [till, that it in- cren-ed immensely the- facilities for the rutmumption of intui ruling liquors, although the rinmk-r of places licensed for the sale of
wines was ample, (hereby tending to demoralize the people.
The amendment was seconded by Mr. Digby Seymour, who con- tended that the fiscal benefit ex- pected from this "French Wine hill " had been much exaggerated ; that upon sanitary grounds it would fail ; and that upon moral and social grounds it was incompatible with the welfare of the community. He objected to the arbitrary ma- chinery of tho Bill, which, he said, would introduce with French wine a French police.
Mr. K. Seymer said he was not surprised at the opposition offered to this measure, which had to deal with two different but well-organ* ized parties. He did not think any demoralization would follow the giving a fair chance to the consumption of wine, and that it was an anomaly to exclude it front house* of refreshment. The power which, in some cases, the Bill gave to tho magistrates was, in his opinion, too largo. He examined the pica set up by the licensed victuallers adverse to the Bill, dis- puting many of their allegations, and contended that their opposi- tion was a selfish one.
Mr. Hardy observed that, whereas the primary object of the Bill was revenue, he agreed with Mr. Sey- mour that the revenue would not be materially increased by it. Bat assuming that there would be a large consumption of wine, accord- ing to the hypothesis of the Chan- cellor of tfie Kxchcquer, there would be no diminution of the con- sumption of beer and spirits, (he object being to give perfect free- dom frm rer.tricii.iii*. This free- dom of trade in liquors bad cuited long ago, and he showed the effects of successive experiments in legis-
|
ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Ewjlmi. bject iu multiply- assist them by the pressure of le- md the temptation gislation in avoiding these graiifi- ii, This measure cations. He contended that the ree trade in wine; expectations of the Chancellor of nit the principle of the Exchequer that intoxication ied to this cilse. Would ho diminished I by the iti- j any call fb* this creased consumption of wine were ■ried that opinion illusory. The theory that in wine inst it. The de- countries there whs <m absence of Bill were, lie in- drunkenness depended upon cer- ■rl'uTt, us in whtil Iain conditions, especially the po- ll houses and what n rty of the people ; the question int it would 1"* ini- was, wbai the result would be in blisu elu'cUs ns to this conn try, when the opportuni- the houses anil lies to buy wine were increased, ly houses, while it and high wages afforded the means and ii!v_.|>iin-,ible of buying enough to procure in- ;uil> of the nitidis- tuxication. He urged the evil the police. The consequences of taking a wrong iteuine odious, and step iu a matter so intimately con- d be thrown into neelcd with the moral and physical e consumption of ctiudition of llie lower classes, and |
England.]
HISTORY.
[65
many errors, but lie believed ibat in the Committee it might be made not only unobjectionable, but po- pular.
Mr. Talk, Mr. Scully, end Mr. Hum be niton also spoke against the ltill. Sir M. l'eto supported it. though he wished to see it altered in Committee. Sir W. Miles gave a conditional approval.
Mr. Edwin James opposed the Dill becauso it wax unjust towards a large number of persona, the licensed victuallers, who hud in- vested a largo capital upon a mo- nopoly created, not by themselves. but by restriction-! imposed upon them by the Legislature. The nine-houses established under the ilill would, ho contended, become public-houses without magisterial control.
Mr. Villiers observed that Mr. James bad taken a straightforward course, lie bad appeared as the advocate of the licensed victuallers. A Committee of that House had reported that the system r.f licences was faulty — that it alTurdcd no real security to the community, The present Hill provided securities and gave larger scope to the vigi- lance of the police, as hisoiii- mended by the Committee, whereas those who opposed the If ill argued that it relaxed some of the exist- ing restrictions. In their invec- tives against drunkenness, they overlooked the amount of wine drunk in public -houses, and were alarmed at small puUtiotis being
no i tied in eating houses. Me ibed the mode in which es were now given by magis- . which, he ob-erved. lud
E
.rder
>uld s
ply a gteat convenience — a want that was almost a necessity — be believed it would provide the Vol.. CI I.
strongest securities against dis- order and abuse.
Mr. Henley remarked that, so far from this Bill carrying out the recommendations of the Commit- tee to which Mr. Villiers referred, every part of it was in contradic- tion to and in conflict with them, and he pointed out some of these contradictions. If there was one point strongly established before the Committee, it was that the having two kinds of bouses was in effect a competition to tempt people to do what they ought not to do, and this Bill was going to set up a third, in the very teeth of the recommendations of the Committee. Mr. Henley exa- mined the securities provided by the Hill, condemning (he manner in which it dealt with the magis- trates, and tho perpetual blister of the police. His objections went, he said, to the whole frame- work of the Hill, which it was al- mo-t impossible to alter in Corn- Mr. liuxton fan! the brewers had nothing to do with the opposi- tion to this Hill ; they luid, one and all. refused to take any part in the agitation against it. Having, however, considered iho Hill stu- diously, he had been driven reluc- tantly to the conclusion that he ought to oppose it, on the ground that it would strongly tend to pro- mote intoxication. Admitting that a free trade in wine was a neces- sary corollary of the commercial treaty, he suggested the with- drawal of this Hill, ami tho intro- duction of mi. it her containing a
scheme nf pn-raut i founded
upon p.iticiple* which lie indi-
Tlic Chancellor of the Exche- quer observed, (hat many nljec- Uons urged in the delete related
. »>MO
purpose
oi selling refresnments to be con- sumed on the premises. It had been admitted, he remarked, that it was the duty of the Government to submit to the House the un- satisfactory state of the law on the subject of the sale of wine. Did the House mean to stand by the present licence system ? The Government had offered a mea- sure, which they asked the House to read a second time, reserving the details for the Committee. The real question was, whether the Bill was likely to cause a great increase rf intemperance. After stating hat he had received, from distin- guished friends of the cause of emperance, assurances that they 'ere in favour of the Bill, and ad- 9 r ting to the various opinions oon the subject of alcoholic •iuks, he showed that the present stem of licensing was full of de- ;ts and anomalies. This Bill s intended to give an opening to
> consumption of the lighter les of France, and to unite the
> operations of eating and dri -
confident, thoug tests against th< last remnants < system. The t servative party, i resist the measun behalf of some of tl ed by the Budget, by their represet gued that their < special grounds, i the doctrines of F Mr. Thomas Du ample, wished to m on manufactured cc cutters feared that, an ample supply o. they would not be a with foreign brethn It so happened that hibited the export cork, and thus restri* of the finer qualitie rial. The answer to! was that there woul in levying a duty on from France or Mo Spain levied a pr< on the export of c
♦I rr»«
.u:_i.
K -
E^t-i]
HISTORY.
[6?
With thU concession Mr. Dun- combe was not satisfied. lie there- fore pressed his amendment to a division, but was defeated by 191 to 1 18. The Chancellor of the Exchequer then moved and carried the amendment which he had sug- gested. Upon the article of silk. Sir Joseph Paxton moved an amendment, to the effect that the duties on silk manufactures should not be reduced, unless English- manufactured silks and ribbons were admitted into France upon equal terras. Upon this there arose a debate, in which the often- repeated arguments of Free Trade and Protection were again revived. Finally, the amendment was nega- tived by 190 to 68. A farther at- tempt was made by Mr. Newde- gate to postpone the time at which the alteration of the silk duty should take effect, to October, 1A0I. Bnt this was also rejected on a division, by 179 to 81. The other reductions in the tariff wen ultimately agreed to.
The increase in the rate of the Income-tax, however necessary to cover the other remissions in the Ketenue, was naturally one of the most unpopular features in the Budget, and that which afforded to the opponents of the Chancellor of the Exchequer the most plausible arguments against his financial scheme. The strong expressions of disapprobation which Mr Glad- stone himself had in former years used against the permanence of this tax were brought up against him with considerable effect. But the favour with which the Budget, as a whole, was regarded out of doors, and the support given to it by the commercial and manufacturing in- tercut, carried the Chnncellor of the Exchequer over this difficulty.
On the 93rd of March, the
right hon. gentleman moved, in Committee of the whole House, a Resolution, that there be paid for one year, commencing on the 6th of April, 1860, upon the annual value of property, except that chargeable under Schedule B of the Act )0 & 17 Vict., c. 34, the rate of 10A in the pound, and for and in respect of the occupation of lands, tenements, Ac., charge- able under Schedule B, the rate of !id. in the pound in England, and 3Jd. in the pound in Scotland and Ireland. He observed that be bad shown in his financial state- ment that the revenue, with the additions he hsd proposed, would leave a surplus of about 400.000*., and any reduction of the rate spe- cified in the Resolution would con- vert the apparent surplus into a deficiency.
Sir Henry Willoughby moved to substitute 1W. for 104. He dis- sected, he said, from the policy of the Budget by which revenue from taxes was thrown away, and the necessity for an increased Income- tax arose from a deficiency created by the Government. He believed that if the expenditure were pro- perly regulated, and the revenue were not, as it had been for years past, underestimated, there would be no need for the increase of a tax which was unequal, unjust, and odious.
Lord W. Graham also opposed the Resolution.
The Chancellor of the Exche- quer resisted the amendment, re- marking that, if we had parted injudiciously with revenue, that was no reason for not making provision for the service of the
After some discussion, the amendment was negatived, on a division, by 187 to 133. tteso-
fF at
|
lNNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. the same time as to tlie views of the Govern- ising small siamp- ment of what should be done in variety of instru- regard lo the finances of 1661, ■oimiiereial trans- not having a basis to work upon. lance of the pro- As lo the inequalities of the In- in the financial come-tax. in the main, he ad- mitted them. Gross inequalities t little discussion existed in other taxes, which were the Income-tut in veiled, whereas those of the Ia- jmmons. On the come-tax were patent; but there ouglit op. on the were inequalities peculiar to this tax. The Government, however, o entered upon a wore not prepared to propose any :o show that Ire- inquiry into the subject, not think* j taxed ; that she ing it to be their duty to submit, she ought to pay on their own responsibility, bo l1 treasury. He gigantic a tax to the scrutiny of a the material im- Committee, unless they were con- reland had been scieutiously persuaded that it was direct taxation in their power to propose a plan objectionable in likely to issue in the removal or lich would derive mitigation of the evil, and they im the remissions did not see their way to that result. |
England.]
HISTORY.
tiously applied it to oilier purposes. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had termed this a tax of gigantic
KoportioiiH ; but who made it so ? e had stigmatized the tax aa immoral and intolerable, and pro- posed that steps should be taken for its gradual abolition, and now catno forward, in 1B00, virtually to double the tax. Upon a division. Mr. Williams' amendment was ne- gatived by 171 to ai.
Of all the proposed financial changes, 1 1)0 repeal of the paper- duty was that which was regard- ed with the least favour. Many, even among the usual supporters of the Government, doubted the policy of giving up so large an amount of revenue at a time when the resources of the Exchequer were likely to be much tried, both by the remission of other taxes, and the unusual demands of mili- tary and naval expenditure. The urgency of tho demand for this particular fiscal relief was also much questioned. On the second reading of the Hill which Mr.Glad- iloiie brought in to repeal the duly, tho proposition was much opposed by the Conservative party, the lead "lieing taken by Sir \V. Miles, who objected to the repeal of this duly at the present time, and in the existing stale of our finances. He could not consider the repeal of the paper-duty, lie said, apart from a MM. I mom c- tax, and he showed from calculation*, founded mainly upon tho figures contained in Mr. Gladstone's finan- cial speech, that, by retaining this
duty, which yielded l.iiiK). I,
and not imposing the additional Ul. Income-tax. the surplus at the end of ibo year, winch Mr. lilul- stoue find estimated at liii.WHW., would still be not less than WU.iWIll, 1 the alleged difficul-
ties attending the collection of the duty, and the arguments urged in favour of its repeal, in particular, that the tax was detrimental to the spread of knowledge; contending that, though paper- make re and publishers might be benefited by its repeal, generally speaking, it would not be felt by consumers. He then called attention to the heavy pressure of the Income-tax —a tax which, he said, ought never lo bo imposed but in times of great emergency, especially upon persons receiving less than 150/. a year, who could not be benefited bv the cheapening of French nines and French silks, and asked whe- ther this was a time for augmenting so severe a burden for the mere purpose of taking off the paper- duty. He moved as an amend- ment a Resolution, that, as It ap- peared that tho repeal of the paper-duty would uecesiitato tho addition of It/, in the pound to tho Property and Incume-liix. it was the opinion of the House that such repeat was, under such cir- cumstances, at the present moment
Mr. Stanhope, in supporting the amendment, urged strongly tho impolicy "f sacrificing so large a revenue for an object from which the community Would derive but little advantage, the price of books and the circulation of literature being vert little affected by the duly on paper. To the argument for the repeal of the duly, that it had been condemned by a licnolu- tion of that House, ho opposed the fait that the Income-tax had been condemned bv Act of Parlia- ment. Such an argument, if valid in one raw, was equally so in the other. The question was whether, in order to take olf a tax which might bo burdensome to a small
|
NNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [E*gi*tf. unity, tbey would not falling off. The Commis- ;ace to an odious sioners of Inland Revenue objected to it because of the difficult eases >osed the amend- which were brought before them, to the assertion But be looked upon their Report .uty una not an ns made to order. He diverged in books, he in- into details upon tbe subjects of lyof the cheaper direct and indirect taxation, arpj- used in schools ing that, according lo every prin- 'rom 5 to 20 per ciple of sound finance, all classes paid by the pur- ought to pay alike, and, if so, tbe rred to the ad- indirect taxation of tbe country lorn miss ion era of ought to be increased, not dimi- bat the collection nished, and therefore tbe paper- { to the difficulty duty should not be repealed, paper is. was be- Mr. M. Gibson said, after the sments. commercial treaty with France had supported the been agreed to by tbe Rouse — which bad approved the general losed it. Upon policy of the financial scheme of wlitieal economy, the Government, that fiscal Br- ibe coot of ihe rangements should be made to educed, tbe price give remissions of indirect taxa- |
EngUnd.1
HISTORY.
[71
(he Report. He maintained that the Report was true, and tliat if the duty was to be retained, a Rill must be introduced to define what paper was, including in the defini- tion articles which came in com- petition with paper, but which now escaped the duty. The question, after all, was whether the tax it- self was of that chancier that its retention should be desired. The production of paper wan smaller in this country than in the United States, where there was an absence of all restrictions. What was the reason of the crippled stats of the manufacture here? He believed that tbe Excise surrey and restric- tions had something to do with it. Tho lamentation over the want of rags was not new. He believed that the repenl of tho paper-duty would creale a demand for the raw material, and that a supply would meet the demand. Flnv. Hbre and other products of the land might he applied to this purpose, and be- come a source of profit to the agri- cultural and farming interest. He showed the oppressive effects of the duly upon the cheap press, by eating up its profits, and suggested the influence which its impoverish- ment must exert upon its quality. In this view, the paper-duty was really a tax upon knowledge, while it operated as an obstacle to the reward and tho enterprise of au- thors.
Mr. Horaman oWrred that Mr. (iibson had not said one word upon the principle of the Bill, which, under the semblance of a measure dealing with n single duty, was in reality a proposal for a change of rasl importance, not only on ae- cnunt of the principles it involved, hut of tho riiniequem-es tu which it would lead. Having a million of taxes to remit, instead of relrn-
Suishing the tea and sugar war uties, the Chancellor of tho Ex- chequer preferred to remit the papor-duty, because it would in- crease employment. But so would tho remission of the tea and sugar duties. The difference was, that the one affected a rich class aud the other the labouring classes. It was of tbe greatest importance— socially, morally, and politically— that the latter' should receive 'the best wages; and, if their money payment could not be increased, the remission of the taxes on tea and sugar would enable them to hay more of these articles, or to raise themselves in the sucinl scale. The question, then, was whether most benefit would he conferred by remitting the lea and sugar du- ties, or tho paper-duty, lie said tho object would bo best attained by remitting the former, and ho warned the House of the false principle aud the mischievous pre- cedent they were establishing. They could not rest here, fresh demands would be made for other remissions; a premium wuuld be given for the agitation of classes. This small precedent of tilling up a deficiency by a remission of an indirect tax, and laying on a direct tax,— shifting the whole burden of taxation upon one class.— would effect a complete fiscal revolution. He concluded n speech repleto with point and sarcasm with sumo ne- ve ro remarks, directed against Mr. tiladstone. and by denouncing the Hill as a flagrant Abandonment of the principles of Sir Itohert Peel. The Chancellor of the Exche- quer, after a tcnipor.tte notice of the invective of Mr. Horsman, professed not to u in le rata iw I 1)10 vole he intended to give ; whether be considered that the Government bad mads a sad eboice in the tax
England.]
HISTORY.
[73
were throwing away a large portion of our indirect taxation without establishing the principles upon which the direct taxation to be substituted Tor it was to be based. He referred to the financial state- ment of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and pointed out certain discrepancies between that state- ment and the estimates before the House, which exhibited an excess to be provided for. He argued thence that it was necessary, be- fore going further in the reduction of indirect taxation and throwing away a lax for ever, to go into the Estimates and Expenditure, and ascertain the financial condition of the country. He urged other con- siderations— the stale of the com- mercial treaty with France, and the expediency of taking time for putting our direct taxation upon a better footing — to the same effect, and lie concluded by moving his amendment.
Mr. M. Gibson complained of the course taken by Sir H. North- cote. It was contrary to all pre- cedent, he contended, after the Kill, which liad been debated on the second reading, bad passed the Committee, and the drawbacks had been settled, for the third reading to be met by a motion to hold the question in suspense. Such a course was not consistent with justice to the important in- dustry connected with the tax, and to the large capital employed in it, and it struck at the root of the confi- dence reposed in that House. The t-pcech of Sir S. Northcoie at- tacked the "hole principle of the Budget ; he would take the finances out of the hands of the Govern- ment, laying down a scheme en- tirely new. The repeal of the paper-duty did not stand on more
financial grounds ; it had been ad- vocated upon high moral grounds, affecting the interests of education, of literature, and of general know- Mr. Ball dilated on the injury which would be inflicted on the paper-makers, if this Dill passed, by the unfair competition towhich they would be exposed with foreigners. Mr. Puller said the question raised by Sir S. Northcote as to the expediency of repealing the Excise, duty on paper had been already decided. The real point at issue was whether since theo any fresh circumstances had arisen to induce the House to reconsider ita decision and reserve the duty for another year. This involved a question of confidence in the Go- vernment, and those who had that confidence would vote for the Bill. Lord If. Vane wished for some explanation of the fact alleged by Sir S. Northcote, that larger esti- mates might be expected, before ho consented to a considerable sacrifice of revenue, by parting with a duty to which, though it was nut desirable to retain it perma- nently, the country had been long accustomed.
Mr. Kllico said he felt it his duty, most reluctantly, to vote against the third reading of this Bill. The resources of the country had been placed in jeopardy by the manner in which the Chancellor of the Exchequer had framed his Budget this year. This tax, he admitted, was an odious one, but he desired to wait a litter time for its repeal.
Sir If. Farauhar opposed the third reading of the Bill.
The Chancellor of the Exche- quer reminded the House that they were not debating the principles of
|
.NNUAL REGISTER, 1800. [W f ■■< of the Govern- the House had in thia case given pal punts raised a promise to the country, which it been already de- would be neither just nor wise to was wise or not recall. ho Government Mr. T. Baring dissented from al of the paper- many of the views of Mr. Glad- up by an addi- alone. The House had to consider, 2-tnx, that addi- he said, whether, looking (o the come law. The future and what might happen :ieu long in had next year, we were in it condition [ousc ; its effect lo pure with a source of revenue jited bounds the which did not press upon the pro- i fibrous sub- due-live powers of the country. ■ the repeal of Mr. Di.-iraeli observed that the c liberated from amendment raised a very simple enabled to pass issue, which was entitled to the lis, however, was grave and earnest consideration of at issue. The the House — namely, whether, in d lo the financial the fiMaonl position of the coun- ry. The amount try, they were justified in taking upon iho public the step to which the Government taled by the Go- invited them. There were reasons inanied by an for believing that, combining loss |
EivUtud.]
HISTORY.
[75
stone's history as a financier, ha asked what confidence the House could hare in tiia counsels?
After a few explanatory remarks by the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer and Mr. Sidney Herbert, the House divided, when Sir. S. Nurthcotc's amendment was nega- tived by a majority of nine, the numbers for the original motion King -J 13, and against it 21". One member, however. Mr. Her- bert Ingram, voted with the mi- nority by mistake.
■ When the Bill was rend a first time in the Hoose of Lords a few days afterwards. Lord Montenglo gave notice that he should at the proper timo move the rejection of it. Shortly afterwards the Karl of Derby, in tho course of somo ob- servation* impugning the whole fi- nancial policy of the Government, and especially that springing out of the treaty, said he could not op- pose the Customs Hill, tttcause it fulfilled the obligations undertaken in the treaty, but aa regarded the l'aper-duty Itepeal Dill, the terms of the treaty did not interfere with I hut ; it involved a dangerous sacri- fice of 1,5'M>."W»/., and he should
would be convenient when the Hill came op for a second reading to discus* the whole financial policy of the I iuvernmeiM.
Lord Wieklow said that, aa a rule, he objected to reject Bill* which had been agreed to by the other House; he thought, how- ever, that the Paper-duty Kep-a) Hill waa one of that clmracter which would justify them in mak- ing it an exception to that rule. He Imped, if the Government per- sisted in reading II a second tune, lint it would be rejected.
On the 21st May, Karl Gran-
ville moved the second reading of the Paper-duty Repeal Bill in the House of Lords. Groat interest was felt in the result of this pro- ceeding, a reversal of the decision of the other House being confi- dently anticipated by the opponents of the Government, who wen strengthened by the adhesion en this occasion of some Peers usually attached to the Liberal party. There was a large gathering of Peers, and the debate lasted much beyond the usual hours of that assembly. The noble Lord com- menced his speech by a brief re- ference to lite history of the tax, dwelling on its modern origin, and citing the opinions of several eminent members of the Oppo- sition, ad verso to the pa|>cr-dutics. Then he went into the impost on its merits, dealing with facts made perfectly familiar by long years of discussion ; showing how it inter- feres with trade, weighs heavily on periodical literature and school- books ; and how, in the opinion of the Government, its repeal would give great relief to trade and in- dustry. The Home of Commons had discussed the question— should a reduced Income-tax have been imposed, and the piper-duties re- tained— and had decided not to retain those duties. In dealing with tho Budget, he contented himself with a general survey of its principles, and insi-ted that the Government bad provided enough for the aervice of the year. The China war was an element of uncer- tainty, but it would not have been wise to make nn enormous pro- vision on tluit account. Then there was the questi-.n of fort ificut ions. The Cepnrt of the Defence Com- mi-tsiun waa before the Cabinet. Jf it should be rejected, the sunt already voted would leave the ft-
j/xuviuea by Mr.
Gladstone had already disappeared, 280,000Z. being swallowed up to rectify an erroneous calculation by a department ; and 180,000Z. by the abandonment of taxes. But that had occurred to many Govern- ments, and they had not thought fit to modify their finaucial proposals. In 1853, the estimated surplus dis- appeared ; yet in 1854, there was a surplus of 3,500,000*. Dealing with the prospective deficiency, Lord Granville estimated it at 750,0001., protesting, at the same time, that it was not safe to rely an these estimates. Lord Derby, a °ew days before, had dwelt upon he [distinction between a motion t> reject the Bill made by Lord fonteagle and one made by hira- )lf. Surely he was not waiting to e whether an independent mem- t would take up the matter before made up his mind. Lord Derby d great qualities and many gifts, t he had not the gift of prophecy, he erred in his prediction that succession-duties would extract )0,000Z. from the landowner*
tered into on repeal of these wise or expedit House in opposii of Commons?
" What groui alarm is there, know, to be foun< position of affair I shall not, then matter, but shall U that many among look with some an countries, and see » Europe which you sibly lead to war, i cations which may i ging England into You take this view, to make due provisi contingency which y Heaven forbid, my should give expressi syllable which woul courage such an aj the slightest degree happily, such a cor that to which I alh rive, what, let m*
England.]
HISTORY.
[77
sprung up— and nobody can tell how aeon they might, under such a slate of thinga, break out— afford- iug a scandalous spectacle to the other nations of Europe?"
In concluaion, Lord Granville asked, whether it wan wise in that House, now so popular, to furnish ground for declamation and agita- tion—to introduce a now system, and make its hjnd seen and felt in every burthen that presses upon the people?
Lord Lyndhurat took up the constitutional question and the privileges of the House. He pro-
Cied to lay before the House the is, the principles, t lie authorities, and the precedent!) iu connection with the point under discussion. Itut first he disposed of those points not disputed— that tho House cannot alter, or originate, or amend a Money Bill. There had been controversies on the point iu for- mer limes, but the House aban- doned the claim to alter or origi- nate Money Hills, because they could not enforce it. Hut this principle did not apply to the rejection of Money Bills. The right to reject Money Hills had never been denied. Those who argued that because the House bad no right to amend or originate, therefore it had no right to reject a Money Bill, had omitted, in quoting authorities, to quote those that tell agsiusl them, and which are in the sclf-sume book from whiih they quote. Is this fair, or candid'.' In 1«MI. the Urds amended a Money Bill ; the Com- mons disagreed, a conference took place, and the I'ummoiis, while insisting iu ample and precise term-, that the I-urds had no ri^ht to alter or amend n Money Bill, laid it down that the Lord's bad no right to interpoeo iu such
Bills, otherwise " than to pass or reject the same for the whole, without any alteration or amend- ment though in eaae of the sub- ject." Nothing could be more dis- tinct than this admission.
But they did not stop there. They Trent on, and used a kind of simile : — "As the Kings and Queens, by the laws and consti- tutions of Parliament, are to take all. or to leave all, in such gifts, grants, and presents from the Com- mons, and cannot take part and leave part, so are the Lords to pasa all or reject all. without diminution or alteration." This was not an ad- mission of power, but of a right — an admission by the Commons of a constitutional right of (his House.
In 11)71, in conference on a Bill amended by the Lords, the Lords said that the two Houses should be checks to each oilier; and tho Commons answered, " so they are still, for your lordships have a negative on the whole. They said to the Lords — " tho Kiug must deny tho whole of every Bill or pass it; yet this docs 'not take away his negative voice — why should it take away yours?" In discussing the Succession- duties Bill in IMS, Lord Aberdeen— " and no man can be more con- versant with our privileges " — said, " Your lordships cannot alter a title of this Bill, not a particle. You may— and this you have a full right to do — throw it out upon the second reading. That is per- fectly within your lordships" com- petence to do." This right to reject a Bill had been acted on without dispute at a recent period. In ISil'J, a Bill granting duties on until was rejected. In 17MI, a Bill imposing a duty on cocoa-nuts was rejected. In I71MI, a similar Hill was rejected. No complaint
|
ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [E-jW. i House of Com- sent lo give up, not for the present iou was drnivu be- jear only, Lm {.imminently, e sum osing taxes, and of neatly a million and a half?" front taxes. That Lord iloiitenjjle mainly addres«- ie. What was toe ed himself lo the financial ques- i'OO, a Bill relief- tion ; but before he came to that trade by abolish- subject, he took occasion to deny jected. In 1805, that (hero was any combiuatioa. ?es payable to the between himself and Lord Derby, is rejected ; and and to add to the precedents cited la 1808, a Bill by Lord Lyudburst. In 1758, the on coal carried lords tlitt'wout a Bill discontinuing ected. In 1811, for a limited time the duties on for one year tbe tallow imported from Ireland. In id to permit dis- 1810, they rejected a Bill to repeal igar, was thrown the Excise duties on stone bottles, erpool made no and impose oilier duties iu lieu bringing iu a Bill thereof. Lord Monteaglc denied for the loss, the that if the House rejected the Bill I introduce tliis it would be imposing a tax on the nee of the rejec- people, for the lax did not exist ;he other House." by virtue of a vote of the House i n stronger case of Commons, but by the law of the |
EngUmd.] HISTORY. [79
tuned; and during the progress of were exam hied and shown aot to
the Budget there had been en be valid. Lord Cranswrth hoped
extra loss of 171,000/. on the that the House would not act in
wine dnliee. How uhnuld we eland opposition to (he asagea which had
next year? According to his cul- prevailed since the devolution,
eolations, there would be a deficit Lord Chelmsford briefly sap-
of 1 1 ,038,000/. Were they, then, ported (he argument of Lord Lynd-
justified in parting with a revenue hurst in favour of the power of the
of 1,400,000/., which only coat House to reject the Bill.
B.iSOf. to collect, which represent- The Duke of Argyll, in a long
ed a capital sum of 30,000,000/., and able speech, explained and
and was a growing revenue? He vindicated the financial policy of
moved that the Bill be read a the Government. He disclaimed
second time on that day six months, an imputation often made against
Lord Dufferin gave the Govern- them, that they sought to impair
went his hearty support, holding the revenue derived from indirect
that it was not for the Lords to take taxes, with a view of imposing a
the responsibility of deciding which heavier burthen upon the owners
taxes should or should not be levied, of realized property. Not only
and appealing to the House to act did be repudiate any such design
in a constitutional spirit, and thus on their part, but be declared his
ad ranee another claim to the con fi- conviction that direct taxation in
deuce of the country. The Marquis its present shape hsd arrived at a
of Clanricarde also spoke in favour point at which it could not safely
of the Bill, and though admitting he maintained in time of peace,
the right to reject it, urged the itn- But now the service of (he year
Klicy of doing so. The Duke of could not be provided for without
itland supported the amendment, a high Income-tax, which was re~
muinly on Protectionist grounds, quired to remedy a deficiency of
Lord Crauwortb admitted that revenue, and to carry out com-
the lloti-o could reject a Bill, mereial reforms. Mr. Gladstone's
whether for relief or burthen, but Budget had aimed at striking off
insisted tliat it hud never refused unproductive duties and those
to concur in the repeal of a tax which were expensive incollection.
under such drcu instances as the Turning to the paper-duties, he
[■resent. The House of Commons made out that they interfered with
tad declared that (lie paper-duty trade and production, (hat the
was not required for the service Customs' duty was a protective
of the Sum. A Hill in like cir- duly, and that the Kxcise impeded
rurostances had never since the trade. He admitted the technical
ltevuluiinn been rejected by the right of the House to reject the
Huiim of Lords. The Hill reject- Bill, but the gist of the question
ed in l7lH)had several objects, and depended not on technical but on
n I if ii anything is "tacked" to a substantial grounds. There was
Muin-T Bill, the Lord* may reject a distinction betucm Money-Bilk
the whole. The Bill* to aU.li.li and Supply-Hills. Urd Lyiid-
l j-toni -house feea did not affect hurst's precedents were all mere
aiinuul r> venue. The precedent Money-lJills: there was no inbtance
of I -l l *u* strained. Thu pre- since the lie volution of the rvjec-
cedenta cited by Lord Moot eagle (ion of a Supply- LI J I by the Lords.
±ne J£arl of Derby, in a long
md powerful speech, gave his sup-
>ort to Lord Mouteagle's amend-
nent. He remarked that the
)resent Bill was not a •' Supply
Bill " at all ; but a Bill to repeal
i tax ; and he argued that the
Duke of Argyll's argumeut involved
in absurd limitation of the powers
>f the House. He expressed his
latisfaction that the amendment
originated with the noble baron
Lord Monteagle), who was not an
pponent of the Government. But
9 could further assure the House
at he had no desire whatever to
erthrow or even to embarrass the
iuistry. It would be, in his
inion, a national calamity if, to
> existing causes of anxiety were
led the complications and diffi-
ties arising from Lord Pal me r-
1 being compelled to retire
n office. He believed that the
rvention of their lordships was
ssary to save the country from
t present, and still greater
•e, financial difficulties. With
exordium Lord Derby pro-
ductive, are thos ought to make 1 ments and improv contrary, says th the Exchequer, tha take ; the worse your affairs, the i your deficiency, the your loss, and th( danger, the more in necessity for an audi ing Minister to enla ciency and to incre&E ties, so that you m chance of throwing quits.' You are through, he tolls yoi dashing move, it is may recover your for you fail you cannot b< off than you were lords, I say that is n of a statesman — it is a desperate and impr< bier."
Going on with his < the Budget, he sho\ estimated surplus hac appeared ; and that
*»»«■»••
Afta*] HISTORY. [81
and bop credits, which wilt not be wall Lewis held that office. Up available again, 1,400,0001.; the to 1858, Mr. Gladstone declared Spanish payment, 350,000/. ; the himself solemnly bound to redeem loss upon the tariff, according to his pledges ; yet, now the Annul- the Chancellor of the Exchequer, ties had fallen in, he remitted inch- 700,0001. ; and another sum of rect taxes and not the income-tax '. 150,000/., being the difference of In 1857, Mr. Gladstone was op- the balance of income-tax for the posed to granting the income-tax first quarter of a year. These sums from year to year, saying it was a taken together make 3,500,0001. ; sign of " a transition from a solid and therefore, supposing 'all other and steady system of finance to a things to remain as they are, the vacillating and merely provisional surplus in 1801-3 will be less or finance." Yet, now he proposed the deficiency greater by that the tax for one year, amount, reducing the amount of Lord Derby proceeded to say the income for lb61-3 to he did not object to the repeal of 08,001,0001., and leaving a defi- the paper-duties if we could afford ciency of 3,360,0001." to do so ; but he contended that The remaining section of Lord under the circumstances it was im- Derby's speech was devoted to an provident to throw away 1,885,0001. attack upon Mr. Gladstone as a a year. He should like to hear financier. Mr. Gladstone had from the Government that tbey pledged himself to take off tbe in- were not playing into the hands of eome-tax in 1800. Lord Derby did the Manchester school, whoso ob- not blame him for not doing so, but ject was to render taxation odious he contended that Mr. Gladstone by tho pressure of direct taxes, so had no right to say that tbe fall- that under no circumstances could ing in of the Long Annuities af- the country go to war. The Go- forded the means of removing in- vernment might have different direct taxation, inasmuch as lie views, but if they hod tbe same had calculated upon (he falling in objects they could not more effec- of those very annuities to remove tually promote them tlian by tbe the income-tax. Then, in 1857, system of finance they were en- Mr. Gladstone supported an amend- couraging. He concluded by read- went, moved by Mr. Disraeli, to ing an eloquent extract from a the Budget of Sir Come wall Lewis, speech delivered by Mr. Gladstone to the effect, that tbe income and in 1857, for tbe purpose of show- expenditure should he adjusted in ing the inconsistency of bis pre- a manner that appeared to be best sent policy with tbe doctrines calculated to enable Government which he then professed. Tbe to remit tbe income-tax in I860, noble Earl's speech was received In 1857, Mr. Gladstone declared with great cheering, that the failure of the succession- Earl Granville made a short duty and the Russian war did not reply, vindicating Mr. Gladstone absolve the Government from the from the severe comments of tbe duty of straining every nerve i fulfil the pledges of 1853. Bi Mr. Gladstone was not then Chan- there appeared :- cellorof the Exchequer; SirCome-
] HISTORY. [8*
beral party denounced it as an levity. If lie ware a member of
unconstitutional innovation. Lord the party opposite, ha thought ha
PaJmaraton waa bj no means dia- should view tha qneation aa one of
noted to bring matters to a rupture great gravity. Be agreed with
Between the two Houses ; at the Mr. Duncomba that there waa a
aame lima, regarding tha question growing faaling in the popular
of principle which waa involved, aa mind on tub subject ; and, from
deterring to be maturely oonai- the tone of the press through* at
dared, he took tha prudent atap of the country, Ue believed that, in
g in the first instance that tha coarse of a few days, there
an inquiry should be made into the would be a wide and almost c precedent* on the subject, by means versal discontent throughout the of a Committee appointed to aa- country, in reference to the course certain and report upon the prac- which tha House of Lords had ties of Parliament in regard to taken. Ho had felt a great in. Bills for imposing or repealing teres! in the repeal of the paper- taxes. Thie notion the noble lord duty ; but that question fell into Bade on the 86th of May, refrain- utter insignificance in comparison ing on that occasion from entering with the greater question which into any diacuaaion of the point on had been raised between the two which the Committee was designed Houses of Parliament. He con- to fumiah information. Sir John side red that trie noble lord had Pakington expressed hie approval not done himself justice, end that of thie step. Mr. Edwin James he had not done juatice to Pnrlia- disap proved of it na inadequate to ment and the country in not adopt- the occasion ; and Mr. Thomas ing a more decided course. The Daocombe proposed en emend- course which the noble lord had ment in the following terms :— ■ proposed was perilous to the House, "That this House having learned and might prove fatal to the Ad- with deep regret that the further ministration of which he waa (he progress of a Bill passed by this chief. He agreed with the amend- House for the repeal of the Ks- merit, which affirmed that time oae-dutiea on paper manufactured and reconsideration would probably in the United Kingdom has been act as medio torn between the two postponed by the House of Lords Houses of Parliament. He there- for six months, it is the opinion of fore trusted that the noble lord this House that when the state of would content to the adjournment public business admits. Parliament of the Debate, which ho moved ought not again to adjourn beyond accordingly. November next, whereby another Mr. Chi I dors seconded the ad-
3 port unity may be afforded to the journment.
ouse of IjOrds of considering Lord John IUisaell said there
whether the Hill may not be advan- had never within hie memory bean
Ugeously agreed to." a more important question than
Mr. Whalley seconded tire this, especially aa it affected the
amendment. highest privilege of the House.
Mr. Bright regretted to find Orr this ground he supported die
that soma members on the oppo motion for the Committee, and
(ate side of the House were dia- asked the House to reject both the
posed to treat tbb question with amendment* which had been pro- [G a'
Kmfbmi.] H I S T O K Y. [85
Mid if the Bill had gone up to the bad been come to by the Govern- other House lacked by that ma- merit of ['lacing an unmeaning jority he believed tbo Lords would truism on the records of the have passed it. But during the House.
interval between the second and Mr. Osborne observed that the
third readings, the opinion of the financial and the constitutional
Commons appeared to have un- questions had been very much
dergone a considerable alteration ; mixed up in the discussion. As to
the majority of fifty-three had the repeal of the paper duty, he
dwindled to nine. The Lords had considered it rash, reckless,
could not overlook this change, and improper. But the House had
and they might think it wise to not considered it in that light;
give the Commons time for recou- they had repealed the duty. As
sidcration. He advised the House, far as common sense went, the act
therefore, as the most dignified of tho House of Lords was right;
course, to be satisfied with a de- but it was against the constitution, claration of their constitutional Mr. James complained of the
privileges ; aud he concluded by lame and impotent conclusion of
moving the above Resolution. Lord Polmerston, who ought, ho
Mr. Collier contended that the said, to have come forward to sup- vote of the House of Lords was port tho dignity of tho House of opposed to constitutional usage, Commons. The House of Lords and to the tacit understanding had paralyzed the financial policy which regulated the proceedings of the Government, mid the reso- of tbo two Houses, without which lution proposed was a poor and the constitution could not work, paltry compromise of opinions in He argued this position uiion priii- the Cabinet. filial aud authority, nnif, after a The Chancellor of tho Exclie- minutc examination of the prcce- quer, after reproaching the Opposi- dents reported by the Select Com- tion with being silent partisans of niittee, he contended that not one a gigantic innovation, said he could uf them was at all applicable to not refuse liis assent to the Ileso- llir present c.ise ; that it did nut lutions, because they contained a appear that the llonsu of Lords mild and temperate, hut a firm, had ever rejected any bill imposing declaration of the rights of tho or repealing a tax on purely fin an- House of Commons. The vindi- eial grounds. He suggested the cation was a good and sound vin- serious consequences of this new dication ; but the House had a power assumed l>v tho House of right to vindicate its privileges by f.ordx, «rlw*e sanction hencefor- action, and he reserved to himself ward would lie required after the mi entire freedom so to vindicate Hndg.-t had been settled by the I hem. Mr. Collier had gone Commons. through tho list of pretended pre
Mr. Gmiiiftham muM the passing cedents, and had shown that there
uf this Resolution wool.) not dis- was not a rag or shred of authority
pwe uf the question, wbila it would for the claim put forth by the
provoke an agitation out of doom House of I<ord*. The course of the
whiih had not Wn seen for many precedents was entirely adverse
rear*. He entered his deliberate to the pretension of that House
protest against the decision which in interfere with the (axing func-
Bt*U*4.]
HISTORY.
[87
Mr. Disraeli offered to Lord Palmereton tb« sincere tribute of his adhesion to the pat rioiio speech by which he hid introduced the Resolution He had acknowledged. on the part of Her Majesty's Go- vernment, that the course taken by the House of Lords with re- ference to the Paper-duty Bill was justified and authorized by the stale of the law. If this waa the case, there waa an end at once of the question sa to the privileges of the House of Commons. A privilege that could not be asserted ceased to be a privilege, and waa only a pretence. But he bad con- fessed that the act of the Lords was not only justified by law, bnt sanctioned by policy. Waa that conduct, he asked, which the House was called upon to con- demn ? After an examination of the three Resolutions in connec- tion with the financial policy of the Government, be declared that lie saw nothing to object to in them ; ihey embodied, be said, his own viewa ; and be complained that he and his party should be exposed to an attack from the Chancellor of the Exchequer because they supported Her Majesty's Govern- ment. Adverting to the three amendments, of which notice had been given and which had been withdrawn, notwithstanding that the Resolutions had been stigma- tised as lame and impotent, he commented, in a vein of humor- ous satire, npwn the inconsistent and absurd coarse taken by the authors of the amendment*. In conclusion, be gave hie cordial as- sent to the Resolution, which, in his opinion, expressed a temperate and wise course on the pert of the House, and had been proposed in a spirit suited to the occasion. Urd J. Ku**ell. while he ex-
pressed his gratitude to Mr. Dis- raeli for the support he had given to the Government, desired to vin- dicate Lord Palmeraton from the interpretation which had been put upon his speech, and which the words would not bear. Lord Pal- merstou had admitted the technical and legal right of the Lords to reject a Bill, but he had not said that 'they were not only justified by law, but sanctioned by policy.' Lord John proceeded to express his own opinion of the set of the House of Lords -namely, that it was rash and unjustifiable, and might be followed by other similar acta, which in their consequences would work a new form of Government. The third Resolution affirmed that the House had the power to guard against an undue exercise of power by the Lords, and he thought it would be nnwiw to state in detail in what way it would be exercised. Ever since the constitution hod been a constitution, this House had had the power of regulating the finances of the country, and if that power was shared with the House of Lords the result would be utter financial confusion. However in- discreet hud been the conduct of the House of Lords, it was the duty of the Commons to pursue a calm and even course.
Mr. W. i). Seymour objected to the Resolutions ss insufficient for the occasion. Mr. Leatharo, Mir John Trelawney, and Mr. Dilwyn took the same view of them.
Mr. Horsman, after reminding the House that he bad warned them of the importance of the financial measure which bad given rise to this question, argued, in opposition to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that the power of the House of Lords to review, correct. and cheek the financial policy of
Engtmnd.) HISTORY. [89
mental and unchangeable principle provide the ways and means for of the English Constitution, that the service of the /ear." taxation and representation were This also was carried, a verbal inseparable in this kingdom. Mr. amendment proposed by Mr. Mel- Bright then proceeded at some lor being negatived by a Urge length to vindicate the policy of majority.
repealing the paper-duty, as a The third Resolution was then
relief to an important industry, put and agreed to — "That, to
and to other industries depending guard for the future against an
upon an abundant and cheap sup- undue exercise of that power by
ply of paper, and he charged the the Lords, and to secure to the
House of Lords with inflicting Commons their rightful control
roost harsh and cruel treatment over taxation and supply, this
on persons interested in these in- House has in its own hands the
dnstries. He complained, too, of powerso to impose and remit taxes,
their unfair proceeding in refusing and to frame Bills of Supply, that
to allow tbe paper-duty to be re- the right of the Commons as to
Sled while they retained the ad- the matter, manner, measure, and
onal income-tax, which was sub- time msy be maintained invio-
atitnted for it. The Lords might late."
reject Money Bills; tbey might The proceeding thus adopted,
even amend such Bills ; they were however, by no means satisfied the
omnipotent within their four walla; wishes of those who conceived that
but it they took a course contrary the Lords by their late vote had
to the usage of Parliament, it be- infringed an essential privilege of
came this House to say what course the other House of Parliament,
tbey should take. His opinion and that the precedent thus created
was, that it would only be conso- was likely to prove of dangerous
nant with the dignity of the House application hereafter. The question
of Commons to pass another Bill was again raised on the 17th July
to repeal the paper-duty, and if by Lord Fennov, who moved the
they gave the Lords, in return, following Resolution : — " That the
" lime for reconsideration," he l>e- rejection by the House of Lords
lieved they would accept the Bill, of the Bill for the repeal of the
and thus the difficulty would be Paper-duties is an encroachment
surmounted. on tho rights and privileges of the
The first Resolution was then House of Commons; and it is
agreed to. therefore incumbent upon this
The second Resolution was — House to adopt a practical mes- " That although the Lords have sure for the vindication of its exercised the power of rejecting rights and privileges." There was. Bills of several descriptions relat- he said, out of doors, a strong feel- ing to taxation by negativing the ing of indignation upon this sub- whole, yet the exercise of that ject, indicated by tbe number of power by them has not been fre- petitions, and of public meetings
Sieut, and is justlv regarded by in the principal towns of England
is House with peculiar jealousy, which had adopted Resolutions de-
as affecting tbe right of the Com- nouncing the aggression of the
icons to grant the supplies and to Lords. His Resolution contained
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Engiand. . — first, that the tion. believing thatthe majority did cached upon the not henrtily support that House, egtis of tlie Com- but approved of the financial saga- iat it was iucum- city of ilia House of Lords. louae to vindicate The Chancellor of the Exche- t had been satis- quer said he entirely concurred in iy the first of the the wisdom of the course proposed •d to by the House, by Lord Palmerston. The second de of vindication part of the motion amounted to did not bind the bo many words, and no more.; »ufm; the mode while it gave to the country an bo suggested by appearance of their being in ear- ; the Chancellor nest, without any pledge or guarait- r had said it was tee of their sincerity. To pass a House to take ac- further Resolution, after having re- ar; the three He- solved everything the subject re- ioI bofficient. and quired, would not advance the y)w§>. of opinion public interests. It was not de- ■ was to send the nimble, in his opinion, to multiply Lordi. protests and wordy declarations. ton submitted to The alternative was silence on the fter the grave and one hand, or action on the other, n of this irnp.T- Mr. Osborne said, if be under- |
Bnglmnd.] HISTORY. [fil
agree with the proposed Resolution, the case. The Customs doty on
which, in the first pert, mi incpn- paper, however, still remained to
aiateut with the second of the three ba adjusted in accordance with the
Resolutions which the House had stipulations of the French Treaty.
passed unanimously a few days Resolution* for this purpose wore
ago ; with regard to the other part, laid on the table of the House
the House, he thought, had suffi- of Commons early in August, by
ciently vindicated its rights and which it waa proposed to redooe
frit i leges, and be should stultify the import duties on printed books, imself if he concurred in it. But papers, paper - hangings, paste- what wss the course recom mended board, prints, drawings, Ac. by the Government '! The honour Ags.mil these propositions the sud dignity of the House of Cora- paper-makers were not backward moussnd of the Ministry required in organizing the most effectual that they should stand by the three resistance in their power. En- Resolutions, and not weaken the couraged by the defeat of Mr. position of the House. The Gladstone in his former expert- course taken by the Government merit on their trade, and backed waa a most unwise one ; if Lord up by an influential portion of the PaJmereton would withdraw the I1 peas, whose interests were jden- previoue question, and meet the tided with their own, they urged motion by a direct negative, he with great ingenuity and force the would support him. arguments against exposing their After a few words from Sir trade to an unequal competition George Grey, aud a short reply with the foreign manufacturer, front Lord Fermoy, the House These arguments were, indeed, divided, when the Resolution pro- based on uo other grounds than posed by.that noble lord waa uega- those which had been repeatedly lived by 177 to 138. It waa now asserted brother trades, and over- evident that the repeal of excise ruled by Parliament, in the old duty on paper waa for the present controversy of Protection end Free- :Sasaiou st least au impracticable trade ; but whatever there was of measure. To bare persevered in apparent speciality iu the case of the attempt against the decision of the pa per- maun fact urers was put the House of Lords, supported, as forward with much skill, and not it unquestionably was. to a large without effect in seme quarters. At extent by public opinion out of all events it wee anticipated that in doors, and by nearly half the the existing posture of affaire the House of Commons, would hare opponents of Mr. Gladstones Re- beeu utterly hopeless, even if the solutions would obtain the com* Chancellor of the Exchequer Itad bined aid of the whole Conseira- i.ceu backed in such a step by his live party in the House of Com- n*n colleagues; but even ibis.uuder mons ; and the result of the ex- prenout circumstances, wss evi- pected division upon tbem, be- deiitly not to be relied upon. It, ing thought somewhat doubtful, therefore, only remained fur Mr. was regarded with considerable Gladstone to protest against the anxiety. Mr. Puller, one of the interference of the Upper House members for Herts, and usually a with his financial arrangements, supporter of the Government, and to sneeumb to the necessity of took up the case of the pagier-ma-
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.NNUAL REGISTER, 18C0. [B«ta(* gave notice of an paper. So far as intention was tho Chancellor of concerned, the articles of the s Motion. The treaty showed, beyond the possi- ce on the (i th of bility of dispute, that our meaning 3 commenced by was to part with every vestige of a i a speech of un- protective policy. The Houbo of in which lie de- Commons had giveu its consent .negations of tho to this treaty, and a specific hat their business pledge that it would take the i exceptional cir- necessary steps to give effect to i the category of it. But it was said that when the showed that this House of Commons sanciioned ild question which the treaty, it had been misled by again and again un assurance that France was between producer about to remove the prohibition of The right hon. the e.\portHtion of rugs. He be- >r an explanation lieved that the French Govern- liiiary points, oh- rucnt had used its best efforts to petition which the carry (he removal of this prohibi- to consider was tion through tlie Legislature ; but e as respected re- the I'roteclionist interest proved espected trade no too strong for tho Government, in the price of tho The question of the export of rags |
England.] HISTORY. [93
papennokers was, lis contended, fenaive measure, to tare the founded apon a mistake. The paper-makers from rain. Mr. trade, it was said, was depen- Fuller discussed at considerable dent upon foreign countries for the length the doctrines put forward raw material. He met ibis asser- by Mr. Gladstone, and contrasted tion with a flat and broad contra- the manner in which (Parliament diction. On the contrary, the ma- had treated the sugar- planters teriaJ for the manufacture of paper with the short and summary mode was cheaper and more accessible in which it was proposed to deal here than in any country in Eu- with the paper-makers. He dis- rupt. The quantity of the ma- puled the construction put by Mr. terial was, moreover, increasing Gladstone upon the language of abundantly, so that the whole cry the treaty, observing that the was a delusion and an error, question was not what the Govern- What became of our exported ment intended, but what the pie- paper '? Our fine paper, made nipotentiaries did, and it was ixn- from line rags, we exported to other possible that the 7 th article could countries, principally to the United bear the construction which Sir. States of America; nay, strange Gladstone bad endeavoured to give as it might seem, England sent to to it. Even if that construction America, at this moment, more should be adhered to. still the paper goods than France. But the spirit of the treaty was to give to principle of British legislation was the paper- manufacturers a protec- to take no notice of foreign legis- tion against unfair competition. Istion, acting upon just and equal Mr. Cbilders observed that it rules of law ; and, in conformity bad been alleged, as an argument with these rules, the issuers of against the Resolution, that the low-priced publications should not principal paper-making countries be compelled to buy paper in a imposed a prohibition or a pro- protected market at an enhanced hibitory duty noon the export of price. Mr- Gladstone, in con- rags; whereas it was a matter of elusion, moved the tirst Resolu- fact that several large poper-pro- tion, which charged certain duties duciug countries, including the on books and papergoods imported United States, levied no duty under the treaty in lieu of the upon the export of that material. present duties. lie stated a variety of statistical Mr. Puller moved, as an amend- facts connected with the paper ment, "That, without desiring to trade at variance with the con- prejudice the question of a reduc- elusions of Mr. Puller, and show - tion at a future period of the Cus- ing. in his opinion, that, indepen- toms' duty on books and paper, dentlv of the question of honour, this Committee docs not think fit the House, on the question of al present to asuent lo such reduc facts, would be perfectly safe in lion." He did not call upon the supporting the Ilesolutioo. Committee, he said, lu reject the Mr. Cro^aley expressed a hope Resolution on a question of reci- that the House would not stultify urocity, the paper-makers as a itself by receding from the prin- body being free-traders, and deair- ciple of free-trade and adopting ing only fair terms; nor in a a protective policy. Prom what spirit of retaliation, but M s) it- ho bad seen in France he wan
•] HISTORY. [W
lion of the treaty. In ■ very olur ported from France, they should exposition of the 7th and 8th erti- pay a Customs' duty equal to else he showed that the case of tlie the Exciae duty. The argument paper-doty waa gOTerned by the against the Resolution founded 7th, which provided for the ad- upon policy waa the same he had minion into the United Kingdom often heard, — that free-trade waa of merchandise imported from an excellent thing, but a parties- France "at a rate of duty equal lar article waa always to be ex- to the Excise duty which is or cepted from its operation. At the shell be imposed upon articlee of end of a series of successful legia- tha same description in the United lation for forty years upon free- Kingdom." Besides tha honour- trado principles, the House, he able obligation contracted under hoped, would not be frightened by the treaty and considerations of the hobgoblins conjured up brill-, expediency, the House was bound, Puller. Upon the ground of" c-bli- he thought, in justice to consumers gat ion under the treaty, and upon and other manufacturers, to put an that of wisdom and policy, he end to a particular monopoly by called upon the House not to adopting the Resolution. exhibit to the world the dis- Mr. Norris opposed the Resolu- creditable spectacle of an at- tion. tempt to escape from our engage- Mr. Henley maintained that the raents. Attorney-General had not met the Mr. Disraeli pointed out what arguments of Sir H. Cairns. He he regarded as inconsistencies on (Mr. Henley) put more faith in the part of the Government, and men's acta than in their words, thought it very extraordinary that and the Government had not only on the (ith of August a jaded acted themselves, but bad made House of Commons should be the House act in a different man- called upon to consider a decision ner in the case of hop!', and the regarding a particular branch of Attorney-General did not venture industry, and that a great Parlia- to touch that question. He could in emery struggle should take not understand, he snid. why the place. What was the cause of Government should induce the this strange proceeding? It was House to put different construe- supposed that the House was lions upon tho treaty at different bound to entertain this question times, and he thought they ought under and by virtue of the Com- not to place the House in so in- mercial Treaty with France. This consistent a position. He should question then arose, — hnd no en- support the amendment. tercd into this engagement '.' Cpon Lord J. llussell said the run- this point the arguments of Kir II. sirncii'-n put by Sir II. Cairns Cairns had not Wen met. The so- upon the treaty wan subtle, re- called treaty, he insisted, waa an fined, and scholastic, hut it was unfinished negotiation, and there not its plain meaning. The com- was nothing unjust or imrcason- mou-sense menuing of the 7th able in telling the Government ankle — which might, perhaps, that it was unnecessary to decide have been better worded — «as ibis question with precipitation, that when articles like these, sub- but that it would he wise and ject to Exciae duty here, were im- expedient to delay the decision,
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [£***»* olicy recommend- engagements. He had not heard a single argument, he said, that ,on observed that should prevail against the Resolu- ■ the Committee lion, either on the principle of the should or should treaty or on that of free-trade, and ditions of a treaty the House was bound to maintain iwer, and pursue tbe honour of the country. f free-tradeadopt- Upon a division there appear- ' the House. He ed : — t there should be For Mr. Puller's Amend- 10 construction of ment . . . .333 the treaty, than Against it 368 opinion, nothing Tbe House hud Majority , . 33 ■dan address ap- Tbo Resolutions of the Chan- y, and tbe same eellor of the Exchequer were then tailed upon to adopted. |
E«^»J.J HISTORY. [97
CHAPTEB IV.
Pabijimkhtabt Reform— Lord John Russell motet for leave to bring in a BUI to reform the representation on the Ut of March — Little interest it manifested on the occasion—Statement of the proposed enactments— Remarks made by various members — Mr. Cardaeli after- wards introduces a Bill /or Ireland, and the Lord Advocate one for Scotland — The debate on the second reading of the English Bill U begun on the JlllA March, and continued at intervals bg adjournment till the 3rd of Mag— Mr. Disraeli commences the debate, in which most of the leading members on both sides take part — Summary of the principal speeches — The measure is warmly opposed by the Conser- vative party, defended by the Ministers, and supported, though irith many criticisms on ill deficiencies, bg the more advanced Liberal members — It is closed by a speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the BUI is finally read a second time without a division — White this debate is proceeding, Earl Oreg enters on the subject in the House of Lord*, and mores the appointment of a Committee to inquire into the probable increase of elector* from mi extension of the franchise and other electoral statistics — Speeches of Earl Grey, the Duke of Argyll, Earl of Derbg, and Earl Granville -The motion is agreed to and a Committee named — On the Reform Hill going into Committee on the ith of June Lord John Russell states the course that the Go- vernment propose to take vjion it— Urinaria of Mr. Disraeli — Mr. Mackinnon moves an amendment affirming- the expediency of availing the results of the Census of 1801 lie/ore proceeding to legislate — Remarks of Sir George Levis and other members on this motion — Sir ■I. Fergusson moves the adjournment of the debate— Speeches of Sir George Grey, Lord John Manners, Mr. Watlington. the lard Advocate, Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Briyht, Sir II. Cairns, Lord Palmerslon. Mr. Disraeli, and Lord John Russell — On a division the Ministers obtain a majority of 21 —Delays and impediments to the further progress of the Bill — The abandonment is anticipated by public opinion — On the 1 llA of June Lord John Russell announce* the resolution of the Go- vernment to throw up the measure, and states their reasons for doing so — Observations of Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Bright -Some member* of the Liberal party express disappointment at the ivithdrairal of the Bill, but the House and the public generally approre— Tub BAL1.0T- - Mr. H. Berkeley brinijs on hit annual motion on this subject on the iOth of March— His speech- Speeches of Mr. Marsh, Mr. C. Fortescne, Mr. Larson, and Lord Palmerslon — The motion is negatived by 'i-'i4 to
Vou CII. [HJ
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 1800. [E„,i„„j. of Marcfa the pro- lliat where the land was attached u^ulTiiilianieiiiury to a house, not beiug a dwelling- vaa to signalize the house, the building should not bo is announced to the of a less annual value than 51. ruons by the same The next question was as lo low- on the anniversary ering the borough franchise. The ly, as tbat famous Act of 1833 was framed not to en- e modelled >>ur Par- elude the working classes, but to siitution, 2il years open the franchise wider to the great contrast was middle classes ; but it would be a e two occasions in great evil to continue much longer ublic interest with the practical exclusion of a great sures were aotlci- number of tile working classes, ineptiOH which they who, by their qualirn-attons aiideha- sad of tlie keen ex- racier, were competent to exercise get interest which the franchise freely and indepeu- the Reform Bill a dontly, and, in hisopinion.it would is in English his- add strength to the Constitution e and apathy were if a certain number of those classes ling sentiments of qualified fur it should be admitted id; agitation had to the franchise. He thought that to create even a the Legislators uught not to wait euriosity on the for an agitation that would force |
Ennlani.]
HISTORY.
gross annual rental, and Lord Joliu, taking tbe number of elec- tors for cities and boroughs now on the register at -140,01)0, showed ttic respective numbers tbat would be added if the occupation fran- chise was reduced to 91., 61., 11., and 0/. ; die litter sum would give an aggregate number of elec- tors In tbe cities and boroughs in England and Wales of 034,<>OO. which be thought not an extra- vagant addition. With regard to the character of the persons who would be admitted, tbe accounts fruiu the different cities and bo- roughs varied estrenielr ; in some rents were low, in others, high; but lie believed that a 0/. franchise would include a great number of the working classes; that the num- ber wuuU not be extravagant, and that their admission would be a great benefit to the Constitution. He now came to another question, totally different, lie believed it was quite necessary that, besides great counties and large cities and manufacturing tonus, smaller
{laces should return members to 'arliamciit ; and tbat, if the Go- vernment was to bo curried on in that House, it Was desirable to Imio more than the two e hisses of re- prescntiiiiiia for counties and for great cities, and no plan of Reform had proceeded upon a different principle. Having laid down this general rule, and treating the sub- ject practically, there was a ques- tion which concerned the present stale of the House. When the JUft.rm Bill of 16:11 was intro- dut'd. there was no difficulty in abolishing the title to return mem- ber* enjoyed by certain borough* with few or no electors. Without going uow into Ihe question as to bow many small boroughs there ought to be. the Government pro-
posed to go onlv a certain length beyond the Dill of last year, which took away one member from 15 places returning two members, i'he principle of total disfranchise- ment was one of very great im- portance, aud ought not to be adopted without some great and palpable public benefit. The Go- vernment proposed a much milder course— that the following bo- roughs should return one member instead of two, as at present, viz. : — Houiton, Tbetford, Totues, Har- wich. Evesham, Wells, Rich- mond. Marl borough, Leominster, Lyuiington, Ludlow. Aud over, Enaresborough. Tewkesbuiy, Mut- don, Hipoii. Cirencester. Hunting- ton, Chippenham, Iloduiin, Dor- chester, Mmlow, Devizes, Hert- ford, and Guildford. There would, therefore, be 3.' seats to be dis- posed of. and it was proposed tbat the following counties should return additional members, viz. : — The West Hiding of Yorkshire two; and each of the following one: viz.; — The southern division of Lancashire, the northern divi- sion of Lancashire, the county of Middlesex, the western division of Kent, the southern division of De- vonshire, the southern division of Staffordshire, the North Riding of Yorkshire, the parts of Liiid- sey (Lincolnshire), the southern division of Essex, the eastern divi- sion of Somerset, the western di- vision of Norfolk, the western di- vision of Cornwall, and the north- ern division of Essex. Thus, 1.1 Additional members would be given to the ciuutii-s, and, with regard to boroughs, it was proposed that Kensington and Chelsea (as one borough) should return two num- bers; that Birkenhead, Sttley- bridge. aud Burnley should re- turn one memher each, and Man- rii m : t .*. ••• •'.:•
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NNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [England. oi, Birmingham, Ireland In represent Irish consti- e members each, tueneies. and the London The Lord- Advocate asked leave ember. This, he to introduce a similar measure for simple plan, ciin- Scotland, which nppi-ojjii:ited two novelty as po3si- of the four suspended seats in ion, he remarked England to tlie Scotch Universi- le had not been ties, and provided a IttJ. occupa- two measures he tion-fraiichise for counties, and a jii this subject, he borough franchise of 67., the basis god, and felt sum* of franchise tobethevaluation rolls. o he now offered It proposed to reduce the property old •ihvnj.'ilicii tin- !pt:ililii:atji>n far enmities from 101. In: Constitution. to 6i., enforcing n.isideni'e unless •y conversation fol- the property were of the former a Russell's speech amount. iisms were pro- After various expressions of 3 proposed scheme, opinion, leave was given to intro- lent was expressed duce these Bills. On the 18th of lers of the Liberal March, the -second reading of the linjsisi'f ihecmices- Kii^lisli Helorni Bill was moved, i rights. Leave was and though the debate began ring in the Bill. languidly and at oue time seemed |
England.]
HISTORY.
[101
tlic He presentation of the People in England ond Wales." and Us principles were the extension of the suffrage in counties and bo- roughs, and a new distribution of Parliamentary scat-; ; but he did not see in this Bill any allusion to tho primary and necessary topics of registration and facili- ties for voting. Its omissions were, indeed, its principal features; some of the provisions intimately connected with the franchise were entirely ignored. With reference to its first principle — tho extension of the franchise in boroughs — be remarked that the late Govern- ment, in their Bill, did not look to numbers, but to the fitness of those who were to receive the suffrage: this was not, however, the principle upon which the pre- sent Government had proceeded. The existing borough constituency of F.nglnnd was 140,00(1. to which number this Hill would add »17,fMK>, and this addition would
ho
legem
i Has
It
consider how this new constituency must act upon the old. In some boroughs the con- stituency would he trebled, in others doubted, and about one- half of tho boroughs would be under the influence of the new class about to be enfranchised. He wished to put before the House the
? rotable result of these facts. End the new class t.hown no in- cliiialion to combine, or were the; ini'spihte r.f orgaiiir.nl ion ? tjuitu tho r<ver»e. The working classes of this country had shown a re- markable talent for organization, and n power of discipline and combination inferior to none, and to these classes the Hill was about to give predominant power. He thought a measure which founded
tho constituency upon the prin- ciple of numbers, not fitness, und which added 200,000 electors, composing one homogeneous class, having the same interest, who would neutralize the voices of the present borough constituency, was not a wise and well-considered one. The next principle was the reduc- tion of the county franchise. In reducing the qualification for this franchise one consideration should, he said, ho observed ; tho con- stituency should be fairly connect- ed with the chief property and the chief industry of the country. This great consideration was not observed if freeholders in a town, where votes might be split, were to be allowed to vote for a district with which they had no local sym- pathy or connection. Then the ■1th clause, which would disfran- chise a great number of voters for counties, would greatly reduce the influence of the landed interest, and he objected to the Bill be- cause the reconstruction of the county franchise tended to diminish that salutarv influence. The third
objected to on the ground that it went too far. or not far ennngb, and that it was radically unsound. Then the question was, what ought to bo done? It was a very bad Hill : he knew only two mem- bers who approved it— its author mid the member for Birmingham. His opinion was. that br the Hill of IH59 the franchise would have been more extended than by this Liill ; but lie was not prepared to say that he would reject the Hill upon the <econd reading. He hoped, however, that ultimately this uncalled-for and mischievous measure would be withdrawn. Mr. Bailor believed thai tho
England.]
HISTORY.
[103
Bill tailed in certain points. Us objected to the ntiepaying clause*, to Lite 4th clause, and to other detail* of the Bill. With regard tu the Ballot, that question would be brought uudec consideration upon a future occasion, and be was convinced that, under this Bill. tUero would be a still greater necessity for that measure. Upon the whole, he urged upon the other side that, tinder the circumstances of the country, it was their duty as well as their interest to accept the Bill.
Mr. Stausfeld thought, practi- cally speaking, it might fairly be Raid thai, as far as regarded the extension of the franchise, the Bill fulfilled the pledges of the Go- vernment, and answered die ex- pectations, if it did not satisfy the desires, of the country; and, in respect to disfranchisement, Ihe Government had goue as far as the House uf Commons would at the present time he disposed tu go. I'pon ibese practical grounds he justified his curdial support of the Bill. He attached uo weight to the objection that it would give a preponderance to the power of the working classes, and disputed the allegation that there was a waut of interest upon this question ; be believed, ho said, ihat ibe country was slive to the question, and that the measure would in the end dis- arm prejudice and dispel false
Sir J. 1'akington said hi* opinion of this Bill was that it was a miser- able Bill, and he could account for the Government having brought forward a measure of such a meagre chancier only by suppos- ing tluii it was the compromise of a divided Cabinet and of a divided attention between foreign and do- mestic affaire. lie bad hoped, be
said, that Lord J. Kuaaell would have produced a elates manlike measure, worthy of his name, and which would have met with gene- ral support: but the effect uf this Bill would be to overwhelm the property and intelligence of the country by the force of numbers, and to throw the representation of England into the hands of oue class, the least entitled to exercise this monopoly of power: aud he wanted the House, by the example of the United States, of the conse- quences of this transfer of influ- ence to the most democratical por- tion of the people. He did not object to a large numerical in- crease of the constituency, or to exteud the franchise to the work- ing classes ; but he objected to the working class, or any class, mono- polizing the representation of the country. To guard against this dangerous monopoly of power he suggested various plane and expe- dients, aud as a means of securing a mature and careful revision of the representation, he thought a suggestion of Lord Grey well worthy of attentiou — namely, to appoiut a committee of the Privy Council deliberately to cousider the whole subject. He might be asked, he observed, why he did uut object tu the second reading of the Bill. So far as the Bill bad any principle, it was the extension of the franchise, and he did not ob- ject to its extension ; he could not, therefore, oppose thu second read- ing. He did not wish to move an abstract Resolution, because he did not desire to follow a had example ; he should wait the discussion of the Bill in the Committee, when he hoped the common sense of the House would come to the rescue.
Sir G. Grey imputed to the op- ponents of the Bill en ineonaia-
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.NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [En;,tan<!. :ing it as raisers.- mented on the exaggerations and but yet retraining misstatement* employed by Mr. i opinion of the Bright in liis agitation of the ting the second question. He thought the effect .ijeeiion of Sir J. of this Hit] would he to give power he Bill proposed to a discontented class with nothing ■:■ property of the h.> lose, who would hecome the mere force of numbers tools of demagogues. , a mere assump- Mr. Mftaeej observed thai the be had made !io first question was, what were the nstrate the posi- practical defects of ihe great Re- jposnl to refer the form Act ? There were two — one, revision of the that the franchise did not include i a committee of that part of the population entitled :il was perfectly by education, property, and intelli- jndered that thia gence, to exercise it; and the other not struck Sir wns the disproportion of seats to Bill of the late places entitled to be represented. i in preparation. He whs bound to ask himself, he lo lowering the said, what was the exigency that b so as to admit called upon the House inexorably srs was, he eon- to settle the quest inn during this ent with deelara- session. It was one which ooght |
England.]
HISTORY.
doubling the constituency, had ac- companied it by a. proportionate measure of disfmnchi semen t, he would have been consistent . or. if he had adhered io his former plan, and abstained in this Bill from the re-distribution of seats he (Mr. Massey) should hare said it was prudent. Mr. Masse j entered upon a minute criticism of the Dill and its alleged defects upon this head, with suggestic
m pro Yemeni,
advi
Lord J.
Itussell, in conch his Bill to a revision.
Mr. T. Crowley regretted to hear the distrust which had been expressed of the working classes. From long habits of intercourse with ihem he believed they were actuated by as much uprightness, fair dealing, and honourable senti-
,\lr. Baine* expressed opinions lo (lie same effect, and opposed the notion that it was dangerous to en- trust them with power. He sup- ported the Bill.
Mr. K. Seymer. after replying at some length to the speech of Mr. Uriplit. and predicting that tlio changes he meditated would lead to manhood suffrage and 1'ijiial electoral districts, made a f<'w comments upon the Bill, the simplicity and brevity of which ho deemed no merit, and expressed hi* firm belief that in the Com- mittee modifications would be in- troduced in it, which would make it a real measure of reform.
Mr. Whiteside aaid he had vainly endeavoured to lea m what was the paramount necessity for this measure. Mr. Bright had stated that it had been introduced in redemption of a pledge given by Lord J. Itussell when he sat on the Opposition side of the House ; but this was no argument what
[105
ever for tho production of this Bill. 8irG. Grey had aaid it was to enable the Government to secure the support of the House : this was no reason for introducing a bad Bill. Referring to the views which he thought had been disclosed by Mr. Bright, that the masses should have the franchise, he asked whe- ther his object was to reform the Constitution, or to reconstruct it. If the latter was the object, then what he contemplated was a revo- lution. It was tho constitutional doctrine that the qualification for the franchise was political capacity ; yet this Bill would confer the franchise upon a body of men of whose political capacity no evi- dence waa offered On the other hand, they had a great aptitude for political organization, as had been proved, he said, in the course of the late strike. He read extracts from the proceedings of the workmen engaged in that movement, which demonstrated, in his opinion, at once their combination and their want of political capacity ; and he asked, what could justify, with re- ference to these proceedings, the transfer to them of so vast an amount of political power, which an organized minority could em- ploy ns a dangerous instrument. He implored those who had brought in this Bill to consider whether they would not enhance llieir reputation by raising the pro- posed franchise.
Mr. James, after replying to the arguments employed by Mr. Whilextde. Mr. Disraeli, and Sir J. l'akington, proceeded to point out what he considered to be the defects of the Bill — namely, its non -disfranchisement, its non-en- franchisement, and its not varring the constituency by giving a lodger franchise ; its hampering the (ran-
Kmjland.']
HISTORY.
[107
when it was desirable that some further progress should be made in the ssina direction. The de- fects vf that Act were admitted, and the present moment was fa- vourable for tiie iutroductiou of a measure, framed in the same spirit, which was a precautionary one, tu guard against evils, slight nt present, but which were in- creasing ; and the Government were satisfied that it was a safe and moderate measure. It was ul jet-ted that the Hill contained no revised system of registration ; hut the Government had studiously avoided the iutroductiou of subor- diuate matters into the Bill, and this subject might be more con- veniently dealt with in a sepa- rate Dill. The objection that it ■■rattled the lodger franchise could be discussed in the Committee; and \tith regard to tho complaint that the Kill was dt Client in dis- franchisement, he argued that cir- cumstances had altered since the year 16111. that the nomination boroughs before the Reform Act <tood upon a different footing from that oti which the boroughs with small constituencies uow stand ; nud I In- re Cure the Government had determined not to propose disfran- chisement upon a large scale, but to follow the principle adopted in ilic Kill of the late Government — liiut of population, which they tlnmght was. ujn.il the whole, a fair one. and preferable to that of the number of electors. He ex- plained tiie reasons which had i ti- ll uci iced the Government in pro- j-.-iug the transfer (rf seats, ob- n-n iug that it was a fair subject t<ii consideration, and if the House deemed the reasons insufficient, their decision could be altered in the Committee. He impressed upon the House, in conclusion,
that there could be no sound sys- tem which did not to a great extent recognize the principle of local re- presentation.
Lord K. Cecil, in replying to Sir G. Lewis, observed that, in adverting to the Reform Act of 1Ij3J, he bad forgotten that it was a measure of balance, takiug on one side and giving on the other. Kut the present Bill hod no quali- fication ; it was an advance in one direction. Neither had Sir George paid any attention to the swamping argument; the objection as to the juwer which the Bill would throw into the hands of numbers, who would return a totally different House of Commons, more inclined to push on other changes, and who, if not disposed to unite upon other questions, upon the quet- tiou of taxation would be united. Tho overpowering preponderance which the Kill was about to place in the hands of the working classes, if exerted upon our fi- nances, would prove dangerous. It was possible that the anticipa- tions of the advocates of the Bill might prove true, but it was pos- sible ibut. the result might verify his apprehensions of the conse- quences of placing power in the hands of persons too poor and too ignorant to use it wisely ; and in that case tho step would be irre- vocable.
Mr. Millies believed that the exclusion of large classes of tho community from the franchise would produce much discontent, lie should wish to give the suf- frage to members of the scientific bodies, tli-' I tun of Courts and other classes of educated and in- llui-ntial persons. He did not think the present Bill would make much change in the character of ibe members returned to that
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [E.jM. ving that it would come for greater progress in l!ie itic.il education of same direction as the grant Re- mould give it liia form Act; but this Bill went back in the very direction from which argued strongly that Act depmed ; it took a long Ction of the small stride towards the old scot and i measure which lot voters, giving to the working r lead to electoral classes a preponderating influence jected, also, to the over properly and knowledge. He anchise proposed would confer a fnir share of the representation upon the working te contended that class, but he would have some lumbers being so security for intelligence and pro- eased in the con- pert?- If this Hill were passed, should be an in- a settlement of the question would Duuty representa- be as far off as ever; it would . in ISM, in order 6cttle nothing, aud they were ance to what he asked to pass it when the House nfiscation of real of Lords were making inquiries tiou. into an important point which the ttou delivered an House of Commons was expected against the Bill, to take for granted. :ie effects which a Mr. Marsh said at once that he |
England.']
HISTORY.
[109
articled clerks, arid lodgers paying higher rents than 6/., while it in- cluded a class peculiarly liable to pressure and influence.
Mr. Den man cordially support- ed the Bill. Although be admired the eloquence of Sir B. Lytton, he did not find in bis speech anything to be called an argument. Advert- ing to certain criteria which show- ed the moral and mental progress of the people, Mr. Denmau argued that the time bad come wheu it was fitting to make a further ex- tension of political rights. He combated the arguments which hml been urged against lowering the borough franchise, acknowledg- ing, however, that he desired to sec a lodger franchise added lo the Bill. He could not say that
the n
m,,lM
but he thought it was an honest one, and be should therefore give it bis support.
Sir J. Walsh noticed the gene- ral repugnance which the Bill had created, and the severe blows in- flicted upon it by both sides of the House. The stroke aimed by Mr. James at the accuracy of the re- turns laid upon the table went to the very vitals of the Bill, which was based upon those return a. Lord J. Hussell had claimed for the Bill the merit of its being a quiet, safe, and moderate mea- sure ; but if the re pre Mentations of Mr. James were well-founded il was anything hut such a mea- sure, i'rimd facie, the House bad liecn led into a very grave error; and. if it should so turn out. they would lie placed in a false position if this Hill went to the other House. It was avowed that the Bill would not settle the question — that it was but an instalment, a prelude to something else. Then what were the ulterior objects?
The re -distribution of Beats, the ballot, the abolition of the rate- paying clauses, and measures which, coupled with the exten- sion of the franchise, would en- tirely change the character of the representation, and convert that House into a purely democratic assembly. It was a singular cir- cumstance, he remarked, that a Bill so universally reprobated was going to pass (be second reading unopposed, and he suggested wliat he deemed the causes which had created this strange position. It was however, he said, his convic- tion that this Bill was not destined to become law.
Lord J. Russell, in reply to Sir J. Walsh, adverted to the unparal- leled prosperity which the country had enjoyed since 1882. He bad heard, he said, in this debate many apprehensions expressed of the ef- fects of ibis Bill, but it was singu- lar that no speaker had showed that his alarms flowed naturally from its contents. The oljection of Mr. James to the returns, tending to exaggerate the numbers of the new constituency, lie showed was the result of error on the part of that gentleman. Objections had been made on the other side to a reduc- tion of the franchise that would reach the working classes. It was said that those classes deserved the care and attention of the House, but the representation generally was that they were very poor, very ignorant, and very corrupt There was a spirit of distrust of the work- ing classes holding any political power. [This remark was met with a loud cry of " No."] What then, he asked, was the objection to the admission of those classes? His impression was that the speak- ers were of opinion that the work- ing classes were not to be trusted;
England.]
HISTORY.
[Ill
it was founded. Taking, however, the figures as given, he asked whether there was not t prelimi- nary question to be settled — namely, what were tho defects of the present system, and what were the appropriate remedies? The Hill would not diminish briber; and corruption; on tbe contrary, the area in which corrupt influence would operate would be doubled, trebled, quadrupled by it. After examining the details of the mea- sure, ana commenting upon its sins of commission and omission, which he described as numerous atid weighty, he observed that, such being the character of this luck- less Hill, the practical question was, what was to be done with it? Sir 1). Ljtton had appealed to Lord J. Russell to withdraw it, slid he trusted he meant to do so. It would a patriotic course, and he would be safe from any taunts or reproaches 011 that (the Conserva- tite side of the) House.
Mr. Du Cane opposed the Bill. He did not say that it was impos- sible 10 erect a superstructure of reform upon so slender n founda- tion; hut he said that this Bill was the moat dangerous and one* sided the Hoose had ever hud to deal with, unsettling everything and settling nothing, and in its consequences revolutionary. He pointed out what he considered would be its injurious i-nVts upon the county constituency, in which a preriu mi nance would he exercised bv In mse- occupiers, while in the Uroughs B»O,O0ll would be ad- mined at the low franchise, out- numbering the other clashes of rotors, whereby the franchise would be shut up in a narrower compass tbau by the Bill of last year. He urged strenuously what he re- garded as a most important branch
of the question, aud which, he said, had not been sufficiently con- sidered— the danger of making the working classes, who had shown themselves in the late Strike so capable of organization and com- bination, a preponderating element in the Constitution, when about to inaugurate a constitutional change which was to be only the prelude to further changes.
Air. Clay acknowledged that, though he was thankful for the measure, it did not go far enough, and this he attributed to the indif- ference of the country. Tbe Bill was only to be looked at. in his opinion, as an enfranchising mea- sure ; be did not believe that the borough franchise would swamp the educated classes, and the lodger franchise would tend to dilute the new constituency.
Mr. J. Locke argued that there was no danger in admitting the working classes to a participation in the franchise. He believed that if the Conservatives had con- tinued in power, they also would have proposed a 0/. franchise. He thought the Bill of the Oovcrn- incnt defective in its machinery, but capable of improvement.
Mr. Mscaulay said, he assumed that the object' of the Bill was to recti IV defects in the Reform Act, of which, for many vests. l«rd John Russell had not been sensi- ble. The \i)l. borough franchise, it was said, did not allow (>r an adequate representation to the middle classes, and noue at all to the working classes. This, how- ever, was very much a local ques- tion, having reference to the cha- racter of tbe different towns: Ixird ■I. Russell had only transposed the error, and this Bill would he open to the same objection, in an aggra- vated form, as the Reform Act.
B^l-rf.] HISTORY. [113
safely be entrusted to the working Bill were identical with tboee of
classes, in their existing state of that Act The stowed policy of
moral and intellectual depression. Lord John, in his previous Bills,
He cited returns, showing the was to introduce a variety of fran-
atate of education, religion, and cbise, so that he had deviated from
crime among the classes in qnes- the policy he had himself recom-
tioo, in support of his argument. mended. With regard to the cha-
Mr. W. D. Seymour combated rector of the new constituency,
Mr. Longfleld'a views, and asserted the Bill would throw an undue pre-
the fitness of the working classes ponderance into the hands of a class
to exercise the privilege. not qualified by education and sta-
Sir J. Ramsden confessed some tion to exercise the franchise wisely,
disappointment at the prospect and who were peculiarly exposed
before them. They had, he said, to influence and corruption. Then,
good reason to hope that a measure with respect to the county consli-
niight be framed in which all par- tuency, the change introduced by
ties might agree. But those who the Bill altered its whole chsrac-
had spoken most strongly in favour ter, and militated against a known
of the Bill had supported it on principle of the Constitution, and
different grounds to those assigned it must end in establishing a
by the Government, who had pro- homogeneous qualification, which
posed it as their mode of settling would bring into the House one
the question. But the supporters class only of members, instesd of
of the Bill did not so regard it. the present variety, contrary to
Its warmest sdvocstes had com- the policy recognized by Lord J.
plained of its shortcomings, and Russell himself. The proportion
considered it only as an instalment between property aud population
of further changes. He thought would be wholly changed by the
it moat desirable that a measure Bill, and Mr. Mill had shown the
of this nature should be not only mischievous effects of such a
safe but permanent, and, however change. A variety of franchises
averse to delay, he did not desire and a variety of constituencies had
to pass an imperfect and unsatisfac- an important influence upon the
tory measure, with the knowledge character of that House, and he
that the question must come doubted whether its deliberations
before them in an exaggerated would be more wise or its deei-
form another year. It would be far sioos more sound if men from
better, in his opinion, to postpone the country, the representatives of
the question than to pass a tempo- property, were excluded. If the
rary measure, unsettling every- Bill passed in its present form,
thing, and settling nothing. the same policy must carry the Le-
Mr. Walpole admitted that there gislsture to much greater lengths.
was much force and justice in the He should, however, vote for the
observations of Sir J. Ramsden. second reading, because a pledge
With respect to the extension of the hsd been repeatedly and solemnly
borough franchise proposed by the given, and nothing could be so
Bill, taking the principles of the unwise as to dally with such a
Reform Act as his guide, he joined question.
issue with Lord John Russell, as The Chancellor of the Kiche-
to whether the principles of this quer, after replying to some colU-
Vol- CII. [I]
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•JNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. uggested by Mr. be made for migration from resi- precatiug a mure dencea, which amounted in one ssion upon this parish to U5 per cent, of the popu- 11. touched very lalion. How did these facta, he ■-'-!■;' ■: - of the asked, justify the allegation that and the re-distri- the new constituency would swamp Mauy seemed to and bear down the old 1 How eeded to observe, could 160,000 votera, who, it was :ason to the Cud- said, were to have the lion's share, lest a coudemna- bear down 400,000, the 150,000 reduce a Reform not being composed exclusively of Government had the labouring classes ? We were this measure, not still removed, he observed (in com- ■sent system hud mentiug upon the speech of Mr. se, excellent as it Gregory), by a very wide interval :heless susceptible from the universal suffrage of He put by, he America, and it was unjust to this iat might be dealt question and to the people of this tally in the Com- country to travel for arguments to ressed himself to foreign countries, the social condi- : he great principle tiotis of which differed from our t the W. franchise own. He admitted that it was e constituency by desirable that a measure of Re- ■erwhclniiti" iiiiist fi.nm should have the character of |
a^mi.] HISTORY. [115
liamentary Reform, and, to soma only to know the number of those extent, the meriti of the Minute- to whom the franchise wn to be rial Bill, became the topic of die- given, but also somewhat of their cuaeion in the Upper House, iu position in life, their education, consequence of a motion brought and their moral character. There forward by Earl Grey on die 19th waa, again, no meant of arming of August. The discussion to at an approximation aa to thoae which thia proposition gar* riee who would be admitted by tha pro- deeervea aome notice, poaed alteration to the count/ The motion of Lord Grey waa, franchise. It waa, however, not " that a Select Committee be ap- only the number and character of pointed to inquire what would be thoae admitted to the frenobue the probable inereate in the num- which thoald be considered, hat ber of electors in the counties and the way in which such rotes would borough* of England and Wales be distributed. He then proceeded from a reduction of the franchise, to advert to the great number of and whether any or what change voters who did not record their ia likely to be made in the charac- votes, and to the enormous ea- ter of the constituencies by such pensea incurred at elections, owing increase : also to inquire what dif- to the great size of the constitu- ference there ia between targe and encies, which necessitated a large email constituencies in respect of amount of corruption, by throwing the proportion of the registered the representation into a knot electors who usually vote in con- of self-appointed committees and tested elections, and into the into the hands of a small band cauaes of any auch difference of intriguers. Before any more which may be found to exist ; of theae large constituencies ware likewise into the means by which constituted, he thought it necea- elections in very large constituen- sary that they should know more oiee are practically determined, of the matter, and this know- and into the expense incurred in ledge could only be obtained by the conducting them." He based hie appointment of a Select Commit- motiou, be said, upon the probe- tee. Adverting to the system in bility of the Reform Bill now be- the I'nited Slates, where the result fore the House of Commons be- of every man having a vote waa ao coming law, and the necessity of notorious, he wished to know what having correct data for arriving at effect an extension of the fran- jusl conclusions on a subject of chise in thia country would have such enormous importance. The upon the return of members of returns of the number whom the Parliament. The mere posaeesion new Bill proposed to admit to the of a vote irrespective of the ob- franehiee, and upon which the Go- jects for which that vote waa given vernment baaed its calculations, waa not for a moment to be con- ware most inadequate : and, iu- sidered. As far as there were at stead of 300,000 being added to present means for forming an epi- the constituencies, as supposed by nion, he thought that an extension the Government, it waa most pro- of the franchise waa neither naoaa- bable that at least double that aary nor expedient. If there ware number would be the amonnt any troth in the assertion that the added. It waa also necessary not poorer elaatea were excluded from ll 31
E.jtal.1 HISTORY. [117
to pug uncontradicted. The new not, he said, remind the House of Bill neither adopted the Ballot the history of that Bill, but he norUuivorsal Suffrage. Confessing asserted that in considering tho his surprise at the sudden change admission of the working classes to in tho opinions of Lord Grey, the franchise, his colleagues and who in 1853 had supported Lord himself did not think fit to reduce John Russell's measure, which re- the lOf. borough franchise in order duced the borough franchise to to admit that flood of the working within 20*. of the amount pre- classes which would hate inundated posed by the present Bill, he could the rest of the electors, but that only account for it on the suppo- they had equalised the county and sition that the speculations of borough franchise as the beat persons in isolated positions were means of overcoming further agita- very different from those of the tion. That measure did not meet name persons when shackled by the with the approbation of the House responsibility of an official appoint- of Commons, and had not been merit. He then considered the metby any counter proposition, but Reform Bill of Mr. Disraeli, by an abstract Resolution framed which, in bis opinion, had never with peculiar ingenuity. He re- met with adequate justice, but the marked upon the apathy which had hull of which was that it made no been exhibited in the discussion of alteration in the borough franchise, the present Bill in the House of and the premature fete of which Commons, and regretted that no was due not so much to its oppo- information had been afforded on nents as to its parents. If. as was the number of persona belonging asserted by the Conservative party, to the working classes excluded the tendencies of the lower classes under the existing law in boroughs were conservative, why had the from the exercise of the franchise. Conservatives so great a horror of or the numbers which the proposed n extension of the franchise? He extension would admit. The Bill
proceeded to contend thttt the 0/. of the late Government would have householder of the new lU-fonn admitted the bcst-qualilied, the Bill would be as well calculated to most-intelligent, and the most-en- exercise the franchise as the small ter prising and least-migratory por- ahopkeeper, who was less indc- tions of tho working classes, to- pendent than the working man. gctlier with a large class of edu- He agreed with Lord Grey in cated persons who did not live in hoping that this question would be 10/. houses, but who were well settled by the present Bill, as he titled to exercise the franchise for saw no prospect of Hading a better the benefit of the country. The opportunity for ita discussion than principle of the present Bill was the present. that of numbers— a principle to Lord Derby repelled the attack which he strongly objected. The made by the Duke of Argyll upon data upou which those numhera Lord Greys consistent y, and pro- were calculated were very question- ceedcdto state the course taken by able, and he, therefore, thought his own Government in the matter the proposed Committee would be of Parliamentary ltcform, and the highly beneficial, although he could reasons by which he was induced not concur in the pledge which the to take that course. He would Duke of Argyll wished to extract
£.,/..i] HISTORY. [119
hers had announced their iuten- off indefinitely upon ■ very hollow
lion of moving instructions to the pretence. Then it iu Hid that
Committee on the Bill to mute this was the 4th of June, and it
provision for matters relating to whs too Into to proceed with the
trie representation which the Hill Dill, considering thnt the Eati-
linl n«t inclu.lc. — such as the pre- mates had not passed the House.
tuition of bribery and corruption. Looking at the importance of this
increased facilitiea for pulling Ac. ; Bill, however, this, he thought,
but these were withdrawn upon an was no reason for not proceeding
intimation from the Speaker that with it, and, if the Government
they could not bo moved i-onsist- alleged this reason, it would be
autlv with the forms and orders of attributed to a desire to get rid of
the 'House. In moving that the the Dill without the manliness to
Speaker do leave the Chair. avow it. No time was fised for
I .oij John Dusscll stated the the prorogation of Parliament,
course which the liovcmmeiil |iro- and, if important business was
posed to take with re>pect to the before them, there was no reason
three Keforru Dill". In their opi- why their sittings should not be
nil in, the Knglish Dill should go prolonged.
into Committee and its provihious Mr. Disraeli vindicated the fair- be assented to by Parliament be- ness and consistency of his party fore the other Dills were consider- in relation to the measure, ob- cd. ami it was not to be expected serving that the policy which Lord that the .Scotch and Irish Dills. John had recommended [hat night umb r those ciivura stances, could was in most strange and startling be proceeded with this session, contrast to that which he had ra- With regard to the Knglish Dill, commended from the Opposition two questions arose, mie as t» the knclies. and to the lone and tern- hiili-tsnce of tin- measure, mid the per with which the Bill had been other as In the time when it was introduced. IIo pointed out the proposed to printed with it. In difficulties and embarrassments n-ptrt to the tins! question, the which would attend the course the ■ ••■vcniairnt had proposed a f ran- '■uvcrnmeut proposed to adopt. If i-hlM- for the boroughs which they the Knglish Dill only was to be did not think loner than it wss prooeded with, was there to be a pr.p-r to curry it: but this was a partial dissolution of Parliament, question of degree, and he was or must that House meet as a ih. r-forc jusiiiied in aikiug the .vml.mntd House of Commons, House to go into Commit to. when the Knglish members not com pe- uii i propositions fur amending the tent to their duties? Meanwhile Diil •>>ulii Ih> fiurly cnn->ioVred. that was going on which should If the reduction of the fraiiihiM! excite the aniiety and engage the were objected to, the House should deep attention of the country; not iiave atf-eiited to tin- second mid was that a period when toe reading. With respect to the House should be left in the slate r[ ue. t tun i.f lime, it was to be which Lord J. i'.ussell contem- |-r»iiined to wait the results i. f the plated',' In his opinion, it waa Cciiaiia, but ibis would p»i>t|M>iie mo* l impolitic at this moment to a Deform Dill for ihriu years, attempt such a settlement of thii which wss equivulent to putting it question as that undertaken by
Jt^tarf.] HISTORY. [121
affirmed the principle of the Bill, of the measure, while the sup-
a» attempt should be made to porters of Government charged
change the issue before the House, the other side with wilfully in-
the Census having nothing to do terpoeing obstacles for the purpose
with that principle — namely, the of causing delay, franchise. The moving an ad- The Lord-Advocate understood
journmeut of the debate was a the argument of Sir J. Ferguson
dilatory and obstructive course, to be, that there should be but
merely in order Ui interpose a one Bill for the three countries,
further obstacle to the progress and that, this being an English
of the Bill, and he hoped the Bill, none ought to be passed ; but
House would not encourage the he thought, on the contrary, that
attempt. every effort should be used to pass
Lord J. Manners repelled the the English Bill ; and if thore was charge that the Opposition had not time to pass the other bills this been actuated by a desire to ob- Session, they could be introduced struct the Kill by procrastination early the next ; the objections and delay. The fault, he said, was conjured up against this course not their*, nor tliat of the House were mere bugbears. The House of Commons; the blame attached could not discuss all the three Bills 10 Her Majesty's Ministers, who in committee pari pattu, but might had shown that tboy did not regard help the Government to settle this the reform of tlio representation details of the English Bill, and as an object of paramount import- there might then be time to pass nnre. The country, in his opinion, the other Bills this session. He would be grateful to Sir J. Fergus- proceeded to defend the BUI, and K0D for having so pointedly called especially the concession made to its attention lo the anomalous po- the working classes, ridiculing the sitioti in which the Government idea that it would open the flood- hud placed the public business. gates of democracy as a delusion.
Mr. Wellington, admitting the Mr. Whiteside remarked that necessity for 'he introduction of a the question was, whether the measure of reform by the Govern- Government, having proposed a mc»t, said, there appeared, in hist measure consisting of three parts, opinion, so much doubt as to the containing together a scheme of effect which this Bill would have Parliamentary reform, and letting upon the constituency, the statis- it remain in the same position for lical information was so defective, several months, were at liberty to and the importance of aceurato in- make two of the parts disappear, formation waH so great, tliat be Why. he asked, bad three Bills hoped the Government would with- been introduced ? No doubt, he- draw it. He assigned reasons for cause it was necessary to settle the not confiding in Lord J. Russell whole question and deal with the an a guide, or in Mr. Bright as entire representation at once. In an adviser on the subject of lie- this the Government were quite form. right; but if so, they were quite
Some general debate followed, wrong in withdrawing two of the
in the course of which the oppo- Bills and proceeding with only one.
nenU of the Bill entered into a vs- He could understand their insist-
riety of topics involving the merits ing upon pressing all the Bills, or
E*U,l:_ HISTORY. [128
upon which ha charged their re- If the other tide should endeavour
turns with being entirely delusive, to defeat by delay a measure to the
Unlets the statements he bad principle of which they had given
made could be shown (o be inaccu- their assent, they would pursue a
rate, the House, he acid, should course unworthy of a great political
bewnre of being driven into rash party.
and precipitate legislation whioh Mr. Disraeli congratulated Lord depended upou questionable data. Pel mere ton on the first speech he In the mean time, Bills of extreme had made on the Reform BilL The importance, measures of law re- conduct of the meaeure bad been form, were postponed from day to left to others, and consequently day and week to week to make his speech had been characterised way for this unfortunate produc- by a total misconception of the Lion of Lord J. Russell. He an- business of the House. He bad pealed to the House to rescue itself accused the Opposition of delay ; from its embarrassing position, and but the motion for going into to the Government at once to Committee was only made a few withdraw the Bill. days ago. Was their nut op- Lord Palmeraton observed that posing the second reading of the Sir H. Cairns had fallen into the Bill a cause of delay? The ma- error which he had imputed to jority of the epeeches bad been Mr. Bright: his speech belonged made by the supporters of the to the Committee. The tardy pro- Government, and if Lord Pal- grets of this Bill was occasioned nieretou really desired to know by the delays incessantly inter- whether this Reform Bill was posed to obstruct it by those who desired, he recommended him to dared not oppose the measure inquire of some of those who sat openly. Did the House mean to sat behind bim. (aider these cir- paes a Reform Bill or not ? The cumstances, was the Minister, he principle of this Bill had been as- asked, justified in the assertion ha seined to. or why was it not op- had made and in the tone lie had posed on the second reading? The adopted ? He had said scarcely a objections now offered to the Bill syllable on the question imma- nent to the details, to the degree diately before the I louse ; yet he in which the fundamental principle could not lay down as a principle wns to be carried out. The whole that when the Government bad in- of the discussions which had taken traduced a measure of Parlia- place on the Hill had been for the mentary Reform, and withdrew the purpose of delay, and they had now portions relating to Ireland and arrived at the climax of the pro- Scotland, the House ought not to ceeding. He replied to the argu- consider their new position and it* ments founded upon the difficulties constitutional consequence, anticipated by Sir H Oiinis from Lord John Ruseell, observing the postponement of the Irish and that the quesliou was whether this Scotch Bills to another KesMon. motion was a real substantial ub- «nd professed his readiness to jection to the proceeding with the con-ider iu the Committee the Bill, or was raised for the mere objcciiuna to detaila. not re pug- purpose of delay, briefly indicated nant to the principle of the Bill, the course taken by the Govern-
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Er.fUmA. juse then divided, make. It being apparent from eared — the recent division, that 250 inem- irument . 243 hers desired the postponement of . ' . . 389 this Bill during the present ees- sion, the Government had thought 'or Govern- themselves bound seriously to con- . 21 sidcrthc position of this question the Ministers thus and what was their duty to the l defeating the im- House and the country. If they ic progress of their were not of opinion that they e every day more could succeed jo carrying the Bill ut that the prospect through both Houses during the to a law during the session, it would be idle and cul- was hopeless. The puble to go into Committee, this which prevailed on being the 1 1th of June, and there ughout the country, being 00 or 70 amendments to be -cement among the discu-scd. which must lake con- s of the Liberal siderablo time; and there were nent, and the prcs- other important questional supplies Business which it for the China war, and for fortifi- ly necessary to get cations, which must be considered ii prorogation could during the passage of the Reform do the difficulty of Bill through the Committee. Then |
EiytaJ.]
HISTORY.
[125
when a measure had passed for ex- tending the franchise, no qua would think of disturbing the settlement. In conclusion, he asked Mr. Mac- Kinnon to withdraw his amendment, and he would then, he said, move that the order for the committal of the Billi be discharged.
Mr. Mackinnon, in acquiescing in this reqneat, remarked that he thought Lord John Russell would be better employed in managing our diplomatic relatione than in sitting night after night discuss- ing this Bill in Committee.
Mr. Disraeli said he thought the Government had taken a wise and not an undignified course ; it was much better, out of regard to the progress of public business, to make up their minds at once to abandon the Bill than to waste more time in Committee. He re- minded the House that, if the Bill was withdrawn, it was not through any successful opposition, or oppo- sition of any kind, offered to a bond fid* amendment of the re- presentation of the people; the real cause of the delay arose from the Government having undertaken other measures of such magnitude as to render the progress of the Bill morally impossible. He ac- knowledged that they had acted with perfect honour towards the Opposition side of the House, from whom they would receive every aid in the conduct of the public business.
Mr Bright said, although the announcement given by Lord Johu Kussell was received with much regret in his (Mr. Bright s] neigh- bourhood, he did not blame him for the course he had taken. Ho lamented to find his hopes blighted, but felt that it would be unjunt to attack the Government for difficul- ties for which ihey were not eu-
tirely responsible. The session, however, had not been wholly without results. The reform of the tariff was of itself a measure of great importance, so was the Commercial Treaty, and nothing could exceed the good faith and honour of the French Govern- ment in their endeavours to carry out the provisions of the treaty. He had authority for saying that, as the convention was now pro- ceeding, the results of the treaty would be such as to exceed the sanguine anticipations of its friends. The Bill was a very moderate and very reasonable one, and the oppo- sition to it had been emboldened by members on the Liberal side of the House who wanted a pure Whig Government, which would never be seen again — which was just as much extinct as the dodo. But he was glsd that the Government bad proposed to withdraw the Bill rather than it should be mangled in Committee, and a 61. franchise altered to one of al., which would be most pernicious. He hoped, however, that the House, if it would not have a Reform Bill for itself, would not allow its rights to be impaired by letting in the pretensions of the Peers.
Mr. Newdegate declared that if the county franchise were reduced in the manner proposed by this Bill, he should not be satisfied with what would be an inadequate representation.
Mr, E. James complained of the imperfect form in which the Bill bad been introduced : in particular, of the absence of a system of re- gistration. In his opinion, if the Government would go on with the Bill, it might be carried.
Lord Penney expressed the disappointment and dismay with which he had heard Lord John
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. ucement. If ever the Country, because its support n a Government was a political necessity. it was to cany a Mr. Angerstein regretted the was the present, course lakeu by the Government. ice no force in the Mr. 8laney thought they could by Lord J. Russell not have done otherwise. After the Bill. some further remarks by various thought that Iflrd members, the Bill was withdrawn. as not responsible This catastrophe excited rery e Bill ; therespon- little sensation in the country. It jpon that Mouse, had been for some time foreseen, mg a premium to and was regarded as unavoidable. It itiou. There had was felt as a great relief by many, tftiul -up tight upon by whom the Bill, so long as it re- liich bud been got nmiued in suspense, was regarded ?s of Parliamentary as an incubus, aud an impediment nd there had been to other measures of urgent and ; open to the Go- practical importance, whioh re- to drop the Bill. quired the undivided time and at- i, after remarking tentimi of Parliament. st opposition offer- The history of the session, in lad come from the regard to the subject of Parlia- e Government, en- meutary Reform, will not be com- |
nvtat] HISTORY. [1S7
«u furnished, he contended, by motion, argued that, from the mot
tho Australian coloniea, where it of a better-organised machinery in
had achieved a bloodless revolution, the Reform Act of 1832, bribery
and was the parent of prosperity. aud intimidation had not de-
The motion was seconded by Lord creaaed, and that the only remedy
Henley, who said that the Ballot which could be effectual was a
would, in bis opinion, produce the preventive one — the Ballot,
distinction that waa to be desired Lord Palmerston assured Mr.
between the legitimate influence Berkeley that nothing in bis
of property and the improper and speech bad altered the opinion
illegitimate pressure now exercised he had entertained. He still
upon voters. thought that the franchise Wat a
Mr. Hsnh gave a description, trust, and not a right. If it waa a
founded on personal experience, of right, a man could do what he
the effects of the Ballot in Aus- liked with bis rate, so that Mr.
tralia. The result waa that, in Berkeley's doctrine would go to
bis opinion, the Ballot bad pro- legalise bribery. As long as it
duoea great mischief in that Co- was held to be a trust, a man waa
looy. guilty of ejmoral and a political of-
1 Mr. G. Fortescne said he had fence if he bartered it away. Every given but one vote, severs] years political function iu this country ago, upon this question, and that was exercised in the eyes of the waa in favour of the Ballot. That public, and if the Ballot became vote was given without sufficient taw ho repeated that, in his opi- examination;ainoethat timebefaad nion, it would degrade and demo- thought a good deal upon the sub- raliae the people of this country ^'ect, and the more be thought the and turn the electors into lew- ess he liked the Ballot. In most breakers or hypocrites, cases, he believed, it would afford After a abort reply from Mr, no protection even against iotiini- Berkeley, the motion was nega- datwn, and in the others tbe pro- lived, the number* being — lection would be purchased at too For tbe motion . 147 grant a cost — the sacrifice of cho- Against it ilia raetar and honesty. ■ ■ Mr. Lawson, in supporting tho Majority . 107
HISTORY.
— Mr. Lindsay moves an amendment disapproving the expenditure for land fortification* — Mr. Sidney Herbert in a long explanatory speech justifies the recommendation* of the Commission — After teveral speeches, and a reply from Lord Palmenton, the proposition of the Government it njHrmrd by a majority of 968 against 30 — A Bill being brought in to give effect to the resolution, Mr. Edirin James motet its rejection, and it seconded by Sir C. Napier — Mr. Sidney Herbert supports the motion — After full debate, the second reading it carried by 14 1 to 33 — In the Home of Lords, Ijord Eltenborough gires his support to the Bill, but thinks further defensive measures desirable— Speech of Ijord Tie Grey and Ripoit, irfto adverts with much satisfaction to the newly- raised Volunteer Corps — The Fortifications Bill is passed.
MILITARY and naval affairs cii|;aped ihU Tear a more than usual share of the attention of Parliament. Questions relating to the discipline and management of the army, the inaniiiugof the navy, and its efficiency iu the event of war, were rawed from time to time, and led to interesting discussions ; and toward* the latter part of the session, the important subject of fortifying the dockyards end ar- senals, which bad recently been the object of an inquiry and Re- port by n ltoyul Commission, was taken up by the Government, and led to practical results. The Esti- mates fur both branches of the service this year were uiiprecc- denledly large ; and in proposing them to the House of Commons, on the 17th February, Mr. Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of Statu for War, felt it necessary to enter into a fuller explanation than usual, in order to chow what were the causes of the increase. Ho had. he aaid, to consider in what manner he could expend to the greatest advantage to the country the money Parliament would vote, and he had made a very large out- lay upon the new riilcd guns, whi.h had proved so valuable in Italy, and which had been largely supplied to the Navy. The Go- vernment had thought it better Vol. CI I.
to disembody the Militia as soon as [Mssihle. and to add to the regu- lar force, regarding it, as a general rule, inexpedient that the Militia should be embodied iu lime of peace. He then specified tho dif- ferent branches of the force which it was proposed to augment, the extent of the augmentation, and the reasons upon which it was founded, the apparent increase being 30,01)0 men beyond the number voted last year, though, in reality, owing to transfers from India and other causes, the increase was not so great. He denied that the military force of this country, amounting to *j-in,0(M> men, was too large, or disproportioncd to tho population, in comparison with other nations ; and it must be re- collected, he added, that our army was not the army of England only, but of our colonies and of India. Then it was said that our army was a dear one ; but he showed, by reference to the cost of other armies, that this waa an error. Having got the men, he pro- ceeded to consider how ibey were commanded, how practised, how clothed, how armed, how fed, and what was the Mate of their health. I.' [Hin all these points he gave mi- nute detail*. Willi reference to the health of the army, he stated that a great improvement had
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4NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Ewjland. ing the mortality like this, with such extended ter- ihat its rale had should maintain a considerable 1 the different number of ships, and that, sup- lougli this might posing every other country should werved, to the disarm, we should still be under :at deal younger the necessity of keeping up a i Household Ca- large navy. He should coiiflus lever been in the bit remarks, ho said, to the pre- u, the mortality sent year, and to professional ibly diminished, subjects, avoiding all questions of me passing re- national policy. The navy was Volunteer force, now a new creatiou,— all nations is to their orga- had started fair, aud it behoved ussed the other us, therefore, to make efforts to ne manufacturing restore our superiority. In order jr warlike stores, to give iho House an idea of the andordmtnee, — navies which other nations pos- o and couipara- sessed, he read a list of the iroperties of the French navy, which had 84 ships- |
Enflnl.] HISTORY. [131
be launched before the end of the did Dot show the tame disposition year, including 10 line-of- battle to acquiesce in the proposals of ibe ships and 12 frigates. Lord Government as thej had with re- Clarence then went through (he gard to the Army and Navy expen- severnl Estimates, explaining them diture. Mr. Wise, M. P. for Stuf- very fully, and commenting upon ford, moved at the commencement each. On the tenth vote ho ac- of the session a Resolution that it counted for the programme of Inst would be desirable to appoint every tear of the ships to be built fall- year a Select Committee to inquire ing short, and stated that it was inlotheMiscellaneousCivil Service proponed to build 99.034 tons expenditure of the preceding rear; during the ensuing financial year, into the payments made out of the besides converting 4 line-of- battle Consolidated Fund ; and into tlioso ships ntid 1 frigates. He rlaiined on account of tho Woods, Forests, credit fur effecting a real reduction and I. and Revenues. He believed, in the vote for naval stores, Ac, he said, that he represented the iu the yards, without prejudice to opinion of the country when he the public service. Iu conclusion, asserted that the expenditure for he Niiiii it was with extreme pain tho Miscellaneous Civil Service he wn instrumental in asking fur Estimates was increasing too rn- bui-Ii large sums of money, but it pidly, and the country desired mis the wish of the nation that the control and check of an in- our navy should lie maintained in qniry by a Select Committee sufficient force; and he referred each session into tho expenditure to the suggestion of Mr. CVbden, of the preceding year, which, he that where the Frenrli had two nag convinced, would lend to a ships ire should have three. The very considerable reduction of the (i 'iv en i incut felt bound, therefore. Estimates. He instanced various tn continue their exertions to put items of expenditure, many of them our navy on n snund footing At large, several increasing yearly, the snme time, although these and nil. in his opinion, requiring 1'irg* Estimates were a-ked fur, revi>iou. With re-peci to the pay- they did nut think themselves ments out of tho Consolidated under an obligation, if the Mate of Fund, he observed that they never Europe1 nnd the world should jm- came before Parliament ; and he tiff n reduction if our natal f.-r.e, thought it would be well if tho although the lli-u-r of Commons Ilouin were, from time to time, graut'd the money, to expend periodically tn look into the it He mowd the lir-t vote of charges upon the Fund, lit inn P.V.nii men nnd l*ys iu the fleet no reason, moreover, why the and e.ia-tguurd service, including charges up-in the Crown L-md I ■.tniii marines. l!> venues and the Woods and Aft.r some remarks from Sir Fore-ts, which were of enormous John I'akinglou. fxpr»-s-ing a ge- imnunt, should not l.e brought iiiT.il approval of the -lat-mctits under thecpgni/anceof the House, of the Secretary to the Admiralty, which was IxiuuJ to see whether the [r..pose.l tJies were ngn-ed to th« | ropeny produced what it by the IIi.ii.iv ought to produce, and w he tin r the " In regard to the Civil Service revenues were properly expended. LsLinatcs, tho II v use of Commons In ivn.-lu-loo, he twin ted out ccr-
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INUAL REGISTER, 1860. [E„„to„J. the Consolidated Mr. Baxter said he was satis" (nought, should fied with the speech of Mr. Laing. 10 Estimates of Ue believed that the expenditure could be greatly reduced without seconded by Mr. disadvantage to the public service, and it was the opinion of the nitted that the country that it should be checked. 1 important one. The Chancellor of the Exche- : interest out of quer said he hoped, when the Es- jst desirable that tiuiates were upon the table, it ; introduced into would be seen that the Govern- expendiiure, and nient had given their best attention i for a Standing to tbis subject. The vast increase effect that end in the Miscellaneous Estimates >reat advantage, was due to a small number of Id divide the re- tremely difficult to control ; but en the Commit- the Government had endeavoured .eminent would to ascertain the reasons of the iu- . He gave de- crease, and to make every possible s regarding cor- diminution. Willi regard to the a view of show- motion, he was of opinion that it |
fujfanlj HISTORY. [138
Executive at all, since the object seamen, who were a suspicious
was to inquire into the expenditure race, he said, were not sufficiently
of the past year, distinct and intelligible, and were
Upon a division, Mr. Wise's framed in a spirit of mistrust,
motion was carried against the which made them hesitate.
Government by a majority of 131 Mr. Liddell said there was no
to 03. doubt that the plan of volunteering
The subject of manning the for the navy had not worked well,
navy, which had recently been and he assigned several reasons
committed to tho investigation of for its ill-success, one of which
a ISoyal Commission, was on neve- was that urged by Mr. Henley, that
ral occasions referred to in both tbo terms of enrolment were not
Houses of Parliament. On the sufficiently clear.
Hull February, Admiral Sir Charles Mr. Lindsay said it was not in
Napier, who always took a promt- his power to support the motion,
nent part in these discussions, for this, among other reasons, that
moved a resolution in tho House he had dissented from all his cul-
of Commons in these terms: — leagues on the Manning Commis-
" That the recommendations of sion. He had thought tho scheme the Commissioners on Manning for inducing men to volunteer into the Navy ought to be taken into the Royal Navv would prove a fail- consideration by Her Majesty's ore, and it had bo proved, which Government, with a view to carry he regretted, ai it was a very out the principles of such recom- serious matter that a scheme of tnendatious." the Government should fail. He
He considered it, he said, n developed his own views on the great ile reliction of duly on the subject of manning the navy, part of the Admiralty thai, as far which he had ineffectually pressed as regarded the recom mentations upon his fellow Commissioners, of the Commissioners, we were al- Lord C. Puget said he did not most in the same position as Inst mean to oppose the motion, but he year. Ho went through the re- should bo able to show that the commendation-*, and n*kcd what Government were, as fast as they was the use of epjioipting a Com- could, carrying out, one by one, the minion, unless their recommend a- recommendations of the Commis- tions were followed up. He laid sioners. Previously to this, how- particular stress upon the cxpe- ever, he replied to the objections diency of maintaining an efficient of Mr. Henley and Mr. Liddell, reserve of men, a cheap expedient, observing that it was only six whirh would enable us, he said, to weeks since the measure to which diapense with a large fleet, con- they referred had come into opera- tending that we had not at present (ion, and that it was hard to con- Mieh a reserve. He found great ilemn a scheme after so short a trial, fault with the Hoard of Admiralty, He was glad to say that the delu- whieh, he thought, worked eiees- sion which bad taken possession of ahrlr ill, and declared he should the seamen wa* disappearing. He do nil he could m reform it. then proceeded to show that the
Mr. Henley HUKgested reasons complaints of Sir 0. Napier were
why we had failed in obtaining a not well founded, and that lite
reserve. The terms offered to the Government bad not neglected the
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. of the Royal to Mjillll) Her Majesty to carry il were actually out that recommendation. He was i effect. sorry to see the little which had ne pressed upon heen as yet done to provide the the necessity of country with an efficient reserve, ecoraniendaiioBB and condemned the practice of al- ters as to school- lowing the Coastguard service to usidered of great be deteriorated by the indiscrimi- nate admission of persoDs who iir was yliid to had been engaged in the coasting i given by Lord trado. le recommends- The Duke of Somerset, in re- yal Commission ply, explained the steps which had int. He believed been taken by the Admiralty to lents in the navy establish a supply of boys fur the the objections of Navy by means of training ships 1 to the service, stationed at the naval and com- jIo resources for mercial ports, and proceeded 10 Coastguard ser- point out what improvements were id of gruat value contemplated on the present sys- r. lent, in order to make the edu- rged the desira- cation given to lads for the Navy |
E<vU*i.]
HISTORY.
[195
end consisted of the Coastguard, the Royal Naval Coast Volunteers, anil the reserve of last Hummer. It had been suggested that if lie wished to raise 30,000 men ho must remove the restrictions im- posed and admit all comers ; hut he had come to the determination of restricting enrolment in the Kojal Naval Volunteers to able seam on alone, as he hoped by that course to make the force more ef- ficient and more popular, lie did not think the suggestion of form- ing a reserve out of those seamen who had served ten years a wise one, as it would deprive the Navy of the services of those very men whom it could least spare, and at a time when their services were most valuable. He then advened to the question of training and drill for the volunteers, and, ex- pressing his assent to the necessity of good training and drill, said it was impossible, for various reasons which he stated, to give the men mure than the allotted twoitv-two days for drill. The present enrol- in. nt nf volunteers was only about forty or fitly mun a week, hut he h«ped that I hi* number would be lunch increased when the sus- picious engendered by the great liberality of 1 'an inn tent were ill*- Mpaled. and when seamen became thoroughly impriiised with the knowledge that they would never he railed out except in ernes of absolute emergency.
bird F.lleuburough did not en- terLuii great expectations of the value of the naval reserves sought to l>e •■stabhshed. The real reserve for the Navy was the body of sea- men unemployed at all priiods of the year, lie congratulated the Country ou ihi: nureasaise etfurte made by the Admiralty to improve the condition of the sailor, and
thought the liberality of Parlia- ment in this respect wee most wise and worthy of the nation.
The subject then dropped.
Later in the session, about the beginning of May, a fuller and more comprehensive discussion ea to the strength and condition of our navy and its competency in the event of invasion for defensive purposes, was originated hy Lord Lyudhurst in the House of Lords. That veteran statesman, in one of those weighty addresses which pro- duce a great impression both on his immediate auditors and upon public opinion, entered on this im- portant subject with the view of arousing the attention of the Go- vemment and of the country to the urgency of meeting the in- creasing naval armaments of France by a corresponding addition to the strength nud efficiency of our own navy. Lord I.yndlium prefaced the question, which he addressed tn the Ministers of the Crown as to the present condition and probable fm u re progress of our marine force, liv remarking upon the ignorance which esisled in England on the stale of the iiuvy, and he pro- ceeded to [Miini out the cnormuui efforts made by France to create a navy since IflJU, when a Commis- sion fur the re-urgtuixalion of the t'rt-iii'h navy was issued. The success attending these efforts had been so great thai France was now in possession of ail admirable steam navy. The avowed object of that Commission and that liavy «as to attack this country; Hud one or the questions considered by it sm. how a French navy, with a romiderablu military force on hoard, might iimidu Kngland. What had lieei) done in the mean time hy the Government of this country? Alarmed by the grow-
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INUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. of France, the such difficulty that foreign sailors been at length and landsmen had to be taken on t agreatexpense hoard. These difficulties still es- ug & navy equal, isted, as he believed that nothing equal, to that of bad been done since that time to lost year twenty- remedy the evil. What, then, ine, and France was to be done ? That was not imber, but the for him, but for the Admiralty, to irior in frigates, decide; but he would remind the perhaps, exceed Government, that under the new steam force by a system of warfare a blow could be F we were supe- struck ina moment. and tostrikethe i a small degree, first blow would be almost decisive umbers with the of the war. Adverting to the re- in reality ine- commendations of the Royal Com* chile their navy mission which had sat upon the ours was scat- subject of the navy, he examined protect our dis- those recommendations* in detail, To be equal and highly blamed the Government ought to have for not having carried them out in er of sleam-ves- a more prompt and effective man- specially as the ner. Their report had been made |
Enjtoal.)
HISTORY.
[137
condition, and the question sug- gested itself whether this was due to the Board of Admiralty ; the constitution, continual changes, and non-naval chiefs, of which he severely criticised. Alluding to the present tendency of our finan- cial policy, to abulia!) indirect taxation and to diminish tho Arm; and Navy Estimates, ho {minted out the folly of following such a course, and nuked if it were wise to reduce our navy, while the French iinvy was lieing increased year by year, purely upon the supposition of always maintaining the friend- Bhipof the Emperor of tho French, ami of establishing by commercial menus a peaceful feeling between France and this country. He con- cluded by animadverting in strong terms on tho meddling measure of IjitA John Russell, which was setting cl.'isi Hgiiiiist class at a lime when it was urgently necessary thiit all classes should be united.
The I»uko of Somerset, (First I.-ird of the Admiralty.) sdmittod that the subject was of great public importunro, and, in consequence. In- was tlie more eager to refute the impression mado by Lord J .null i urslM speech that the pre- sent Government had reduced the imnl force i.f the country. During the ln-t f i j_- 1 j t months moru meu had been (•niiilnyi-il in the dock- yards. Gii'lumvi* of the factories, ihan harl ever been employed at any previous period in the history of this countrv. Wo had now, delusive of blurkship* and sailing vessels. CO ships-of-ihe-line all. .at, !l" frigates, 1 T corvettes. ** sloops. m.'iiiv of largo power: 'JH small vc-«k 24 gun vowels of a |*eu- luir flu.-., and .".Mi gtinWis. The Fn-w-h had M ships-of-t he-line, ami had six «r eight moro build- ing, 3* frigates and 12 building,
and about 1-10 sloops. With re- gard to our naval reserve the coast- guard now numbered 6802 men, and, although it had been suggested to add at once 12,000 more, he thought it would be a great mis- take to fill up by new men a ser- vice which sailors of the navy regarded as their own ultimate destination. The naval coast vo- lunteers numbered 7000, and they were in the highest efficiency. As to the ltoyal Naval Reserve, only 1000 men had been at present en- rolled ; but as yet the scheme had hardly come into operation. The actual naval reserve at the present moment was 14, t*50 men, whose services were immediately available in any danger. In regard to the regulations which Lord Lyndhurst hud ridiculed, he explained that they applied to different classes, but that all which affected the common seaman were printed upon a single sheet of paper. It was true t lint the numbers enrolled in the Royal Navy Reserve were not so many as might be desired; still he believed that a spirit was rising among tho men highly favourable to the service, and this spirit would be still more favourable when they once understood that l hey were not to be sent out of the country on every j*tty war, but only to bo called upon in case any great European war should arise. There was one point which he would touch upon, and which was of great importance in con- sidering the question of naval re- serves — lie meant training boys for the navy. This bad been done by the present (.uvcrnrocnt, and had liven attended with the greatest smi-css. He briefly alluded to the remarks uf Lord I.yndliurit on the constitution of the Board of Admiralty, and pointed out, in
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N'NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. 33 bad generally by tbe Royal Commission, to be ' the appointment bold ready for embarkation in case the post of First of emergency were already enlisted, nirnlty. He de- In regard lo impressment, he ; like party spirit thought it would be only under i a national ques- circumstances of the direst emer- ney of the navy, gency that ihe Government would , however they be justilkd in recommending such other questions, a course to Her Majesty, ted on this. Tho Lord Chancellor briefly te expressed bis stated that there was no doubt g an interval had that, although the custom bad active measures fallen into disuse, [lie law in regard trying into effect lo unproasmMt was as much in ons of the Hoy a I force as ever. the formation of Tbe discussion here terminated, re; at tho samo Much impression was, however, to find, from the produced on the publio mind by , frank, and can- tbe proceedings of this evening. Duke of Samer- On the same day, in the House |
Swbirf.] HISTORY. [188
other shortcomings, of tardiness in it wm the intention of the Admi-
adiiptiug hip) suggestions, rally to carry out all the recom-
The motion was seconded by m en da t ions of the Royal Corn- Sir J. Elpliiustono. mission.
Lord 0. Paget, premising that. The discussion was continued in his ouiuioi), the bringing mat- by Sir M. Seymour, Mr. Corry, tun of detail connected wiili the Sir U. Pechell, Admiral Walcott, navy so frequently before thul louse and oilier members. Eventually was unadvisahle, and not for the the motion was withdrawn. advantage of the service, asked the About n fortnight later, on the House not to agreu to the motion, Utli of June, the subject of the noticing the invidious rummer in Naval Itcsorve apiin engaged the which the coast volunteers were attention of l'arliameut. The spoken of in it. and maintaining qutsiiuii was now raised by Mr. that they were to bo " depended Lindsay, who had been a member upon." He went ovur the prinei- of the Jluyal Commission on Man- pal topics in the motion and in (he ning the Xavy, aud had presented speech of Sir C. Napier, whose a separate Kcprt on sonic points I'muTt*, he said, were inaccurate, on which he had nut m". «■ I in observing that the enrolment of the concilia ions of lui colleagues, the naval volunteers, in spite of Mr. Lindsay began by advening various obstacles, was proceeding to the fact, that our reserves «i-re,
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satisfactorily, aud that all the im- |
at that time, considerably bcluw |
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portant recommendations of the Manning Cu in mi anion had lien |
tlio number recommended hv the |
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Cuinmi»iou. All agreed, he ob- |
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carried oilt aa far as practicable. |
aei-M-d, as to tbu necessity of |
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One of the most important related |
tnaintaiuiiig our tints in an i tlici- |
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to buys for tlio liavv, and the |
cut Mate, and of course at a-, small |
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number which in 1*;,; m IMW, |
an expvUMi us possible ; but »•> |
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in IkV.I wa- M 47, mid unw the |
were expending in time of peace |
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iiumbrr of luya cd.culing fur the |
Ij.iiiill.iiuiij. per m.i.i.iii uti our |
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navy una i*i:t!i, who w<<nld become |
navy, yet we wero not pro- |
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tint-rntu seamen i and thia was |
pared, because we bid not a suf- |
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considt red !■• be an siuphi supply. |
Ibieut reserve of seamen. We |
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I»rd Llan-iii-e entered int.- varum |
were iMnMijneMtly obliged to keep |
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iL-tuils U-ariug mi the j.n sent rmi- |
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ditmu of the navy, and complained |
the al.irii) of France; a pressure |
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of the notion as implying a iiin-el |
was thereby bniiight to bear upon |
i-rUMin- u|»<u the Admiralty, who that country winch rearied upon
were doing their best f«r tti-- public this. Even if we had hiiltici.-m re-
bi-nu'H. HTirs*-' bid ii. .t Mjili.ioiii ullicera
Sir J. I'akiugtoti was glad that lu cum maud them: and he rce.un-
tlio motion h.id been ma. le, an it mended the cm ploy men I «f nlhvers
was uii|Birt>iiH to kimw what vxer- uf the nn-n haul seriate in this
liuin the Admiralty were ui.ikmg branch of ibu luvy. lie moved
to obtain a •nhVienl res. rve f-rco thai, ■■ Willi a view to greater elti-
for the navy ; and a* II bud lUiud ■■!■ w'j in war and les- riutriidituro
an answer which he bid beard lu pc.iro, inure prompt ami elfrc tiro
with great aatiafaciiuii, bu hoped mwaaurea tuuuld be adopted to
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4KUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [England. :erves of marines marks by Ail mi ml Buncombe and 1 Her Majesty's Mr. A. Smith, Mr. Lindsay's mo- tion waB negatived, said, considering The system of promotion in the time, very the army, and the method of ob- id been made in taining commissions by purchase, iss men. The underwent some debate in the the reserves, in- House of Commons on the (1th of d, naval brigade, March, upon the motion of Sir volunteers, and De Lacy Evans. The gallant , was 33,831, in- officer moved an address to Her Tf the public, he Majesty, praying tbat she would be ily wait patiently, pleased to order the gradual abo- le navy on a sa- lition. as soon as practicable, of the No exertion sale and purchase of commissions to get up the re- in the army (having due regard m uired number as doing so to existing rights), with With respect to the view of substituting, for the ?ar for the navy purchase system, promotion partly Inch, in the opi- by selection, partly by seniority, jay, deterred sea- grounded on war services of merit, ing the Queen's length of colonial and home ser- |
Evtotf] HISTORY. [141
seniority system to the whole of could be combined. What were to the army." He argued that the be the grounds of selection, and seniority system was not so entirely who was to exercise it? He re- one of unmixed good as the mover commended that things should be and seconder of the motion sup- left as they were : the present sys- posed, and he supported this argu- tern bad produced the finest regi- ment by showing tbe results of the menta in the world. system in (he corps he referred to. Captain Jems thought that if numbering 45,000 men. and in tbe promotion were to be abolished, Indian army, where promotion was the pay of the army must be in- su alack that the officers invented creased, so as to induce men to a purchase system of their own. enter it who could look to support- An a proof that merit obtained pro- ing themselves on their pay. In motion without purchase, he cited short, it was a question of money. tlio case of Sir De Lacy Evans Colonel Lindsay, after noticing himself, who, in six months, by his tho cose of an officer who had meritorious services, had advanced been passed over eighteen times, from the rank of lieutenant to tliat but who stated that, if there had of lieutenant-colonel, without the been no purchase, he should liave expense of ono shilling, whereas, been longer in attaining his rank, in a seniority corps, he would not expressed his belief thai the sys- have got beyond the rank of cap- tern of purchase was most efficient, tain. Without deciding what was both for tho army and tho public the best system of [inunction in good. A system of uon-purchase the army, he denounced the se did exist, however, to a consider- uiority system as tho worst, able extent ; hut purchase was
Colonel Dickson, in supporting quite compatible with the prin- the amendment, complained of tho ciple of examination, and merit influence which the press exerted was a frequent ground of promo- te- the prejudice of the army, hy tion. There was 11 control and a publishing unfounded charges. Ho specie* of discipline attached to was quite aware, he said, that great the purchase of commissions, under abuses had crept in under the pur- which our regimental system had chase system, but there was a vast never failed.
difference between improvement Colonel P. Herbert hoped the
and total destruction. If the pur- House would not be led away by
chase system wasabolishcd.il would the opinion of officers in foreign
be impossible for a poor man to services. He had conversed with
enter a ravalry rrgimeut unless tho foreign officers, and bid always
pay *as increased to a very large found that I hey laboured under the
extent. Its abolition would cost the misapprehension, that under our
country a Urge sum, and the sys- system nf purchase com missions
ti-m mould nut fail to re-enter tho were nut up to the highest bidders ;
army. Selection, so far from being but when lliry understood the sys-
a rented?, would, in his opinion, tem they admitted it was an admi-
bc the ruin of the British army, ruble on!-. He wished, he said, to
by extinguish inn the fprit uV eor/u, put the del- lire of t lie system, not
one of its lending natures, on pcreouul grounds, but on the
Sir F. Smith sjid, lie did not ground of its efficiency, and on
•co bow selection and seniority that of public economy.
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*NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. of State for War he viewed with apprehension and rbert) observe)!, alarm the proposal for the entire Mu a most diffi- abolition of purchase. Holding, led one. As an as he did, that purchase in some ion he thought shape and in some ranks'wa3 ne- round of promo- ceesary, but that it might be vas, that different abolished In tho higher, limiting it my had different to the rank of major, the priu- rootion. In the ciplee kid down in the Report of he principle was the Royal Commission were those ted by purchase; which the Government preferred, rmj it wag se- and it would be bis duty, he said, iia question was, to prepare a scheme to be laid paded with eiag- before them and the military au- ir. Nothing mis thoritioB founded upon those prin- an to assume that eiplea. He would not be driven nas a hard-work- from the point lie had stated, where acquainted with lie could see his way, for the army id that the pur- was a machine too delicate to be rua unacquainted played wilh. 11. Then he had Mr. Ellice was of opinion that iangnine eipecla- the proposed scheme would only |
BmjUnli
HISTORY.
[143
mi se, and if the motion im pressed to a division he should vote against it.
The Amendment having been withdrawn, the House divided upon Sir I>e lacy Evans' motion, when there appeared —
For the motion ... 50 Against it SO
Majority 1M
The same subject was discussed in the House of Lorda soon after- wards upon the second reading of the Mutiny Bill, when Lord Pun- muro called the attention of the Mouse to tho present aystem of promotion in the irmr by the sale and purchase of commission*. He pointed out at some length its various advantages, and refuted the objections which hsd often- times been brought against it. The Import of the Commission was one • huh ought to have made the O or en i me nt pause before they ventured upon a radical change, as m* of the Commissioners were in favour of the Ileport. and four aguhist it - a majority hardly larg'- enough to justify the <io- o.riiig ■'
of the
The •■ sol. ctioi
•ed. would ho destructive of that harmony and PhhI feeling which at present ex- isted in the nrmv. ami would im- pose on the r<.minnnder in-Chief a most invidious task. In con- sidering tin- financial view of the <|.i.Mi-.n. h- asked whether lien- tenant-colonels «ho hid piinhiiscd their commissi -ni bUivc the regu- lation price, if thrr applied for Irute to hell r.,,t. wire only to be allow d t<> rm'iw the p-fiii Lit ion priiv: Wan-e. if „... it »:.- a de- cide*] fniud ii|»n 111- w. as they had longht il.eireoinmi-.iomi upon a totally dole rent uuden lauding.
Lord de Grey and Ripon said the speech of Lord Panmure would have been very appropriate if it hod been the intention of the Go- vernment entirely to abolish the purchase system. As, however, no such intention existed, the sus- picions of Lord Panmure were quite unfounded. It was indis- pensable in the higher grades of the army in most cases to adopt the system of selection, and the new regulations only proposed to make the principle of selection compulsory instead of optional. He felt convinced that the adoption of this principle, approved as it was by the Commission, would not only increase the efficiency of the army, but remove one of the greatest scandals which at present attached toil.
Lord Lucan considered that tho system of purchase had worked well, and believed that no regi- mt'iits in the world were equal to the Itritish regiments. There might be inure svicntihr officers in foreign armies, but there were none more loyal, more faithful, or more bravo than the Kngli-h offi- cers. If the system of seh-ctkm were to he adopted as the rule, it wmihl give rise to much discontent and operate unjustly upon officers.
The Poke of Suiuer-et thought it intolerable that the lives of men and the honour of the country fIioiiU be intrusted to an inca- pable officer, simply because ho p»««c«Hcd money instead of brains, atol because there was a dislike to interfere with the present ny»tcm of promotion. The public in- terests imperatively demanded the •iih-titiiti..u. in the higher military appointments, of .he principle of pr ■mull m l,y selection for that of promotion by purchase.
Karl Grey contended that it
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XNUAL REGISTER, 1800. [B»tai4 iblo, under a ays- soundest policy to get rid of the to get rid of tha lasb in the two services, which were at and interest. made unpopular by it among the lambridge said he working classes. In order to show j opinions he had the inhumanity of the punishment, the Royal Com- he read a description of a flogging hatever decision by a sufferer, and pronounced it a might arrivo at, brutal punishment, which could i best to carry it only bo justified by a real and fairly aspossible. strong necessity, the ontu being ant facts and upon the advocates of the lash to on tho subject of prove the necessity. Ue waa of .h services, were opinion that discipline could be a short debate maintained as well without tha e House of Com- lash as with it. In the best Con- '.<> tilling in the tinentiil armies it was unknown, , upon a motion and discipline was kept up in many . Williams lor a of our regiments and many of our .mberof cases of ships of , war without flogging. had taken place Mr. S. Herbert pointed out the |
En**..]
HISTORY.
Mr. E. Junes remarked, that there was this distinction between the flogging of Chilians and soldiers — the Utter suffered the penalty for comparatively venial crimes. He supported the motion; but suggested that it would be unfair to require the names of individual
Sir C. Napier was of opinion thai corporal punishment could not be wholl y dispensed with ; but that it should be inflicted only after trial by a court-martial.
Captain L. Vernon observed, that a soldier when he entered the service put himself in a different position from another man, and could only be controlled, when he had arms in his hands, by disci- pline, the infliction of which, in our army punished by flogging, in other armies was visited with death.
After some further discussion, the motion was amended as sug-
A motion made by Sir Jobn Pakington near the close of the Session, for the appointment of a Itoyal Commission to consider the present system of promotions and retirement in Her Majesty's Navy, and the present pay and position of the several clashes of Naval officers, was resisted by Lord Clarence Paget, on behalf of the Government, as an inexpedient
Sroceeding, calculated to excite elusive hopes and to' euconrage discontent, and was rejected by a majority of 69 to 56.
One of the most important measures of the year, though de- ferred to a late period of the Ses- sion, still remained to bo carried through. A Itoyal Commission had been appointed in the preced- ing autumn to inquire into the
Vui. en.
[145
means of defence of the dockyards and arsenals, and to report upon the measures required to secure the kingdom against invasion. The Commission, composed of officers of eminence in different branches of the army, together with some civilians, after a full investigation of the subject committed to them, presented, early in this year, an elaborate Report, setting forth the means and capabilities of defence, as vrell as the actual defects in our system, and recommending the ex- ecution of works on an extensive scale for the purpose of protecting the Royal Arsenals and Dockyards against a hostile inroad. On the 33rd of July, the Prime Minister brought this important national question before the House of Com- mons. In proposing the Resolu- tion, the object of which was to carry into effect the recommenda- tions of the Royal Commission, Lord Palmers to n observed that, after the conclusion of the greet war, in which our supremacy at sea had been established, a long continuance of peace was calculated upon, and the Government had thought it unnecessary to call upon the country to secure our dock- yards against the distant contin- gency of a war ; and as long as our licet depended upon the wind and tho weather alone, we did right to rest upon the strength we pos sessed. Gradually, however, steam became the moving power, which altered the character of naval war fare, and impaired the advantages of our insular position by bridging over the Channel. Referring to the well-known warning given by Sir John Durguyne iu hw letter to the Duke of Wellington, he oliserved that this appeal fell upon deaf ears; but when Lord Derby came into power, his Government took
««"]
HISTORY.
[147
for the purpose, but their estimates included armaments, which would come out of the annual voloa. The Government wore of opinion that 0,000,000*. would be sufficient for the purpose ; out of this about 1,8*0,000*. would be for the pur- chase of land, a considerable por- tion of which would be profitably let, reducing the actual sum for the works to 7,160,000*. He com- pared this iura with the large ex- penditure of France and other continental States for the same objects, suggesting that, with such examples, it would be criminal la this country to neglect its defence, and that, when the proposed works should bo completed, the country would be placed ia * condition, human!]' speaking, of comparative safety. He then read the Reeolu- tion be intended to move, grant- ing for constructing the works 9,000,000*. for the present year, charged upon the Consolidated Fund, and authorizing the Com- missioners of the Treasury to raise thk sum by annuities for the term of thirty years, to be charged upon the Fund. The Government, he observed, did not ask the whole sum at once, but proposed to spread it over three or four years, and 9.0U0.0O0*. was as much as could be advantageously spent be- tween the present month and the same time neit year. Application would be made annually for such portions of the 0,000.000/. as were required. Jfe reminded the House, in conclusion, thst sonui- lies to the amount of 58u,0»UJ. would expire in the year 1867, which would more than cover the interest upon this loan.
Mr. Hubbard thought it was an advisable to raise (be money by the mods of terminable annuities.
which would be a disadvantageous operation.
Mr. Bright said, during his seventeen years' experience in that House, he had never known an instance of a question of such magnitude and importance brought before the House without notice, and of euch a Resolution being proposed for adoption on the same evening. In all probability, the proposition would involve an ex.-
Snditure of twice 13,000,000*. e protested against being en- trapped or cajoled into such a Resolution, and, saying nothing of the tone and manner in which it had been proposed, he should move that the Chairman report progress.
Mr. S. Herbert, observing that it was but fair that the House should be nut in possession of the plans which the Government pro- posed to execute, proceeded to ex- plain the nature and extent of the works at the different places, snd their respective cost. The 3,000,01)0*. to be raised, be said, was not the whole sum to be spent during the year. There was a sum of 150.O0O*. in the Estimates to carry on works in progress includ- ed in the proposition, so that the whole amount would be about 3,500,000*. He had a firm con- viction, he added, that the coun- try would supjiort the Govern- ment in their proposal, and he ex- pressed an earnest hope that the House would look at this as a national question.
After some remarks by General Peel, who considered the Govern- ment, however composed, respon- sible, not in a mere nominal sense, for the safety of the country, Mr. B. Osborne said thai Lord Pal merston's speech bad suggested very alarming considerations, and [LS]
Xmgbmd.]
HISTORY.
[140
fleets bad done much damage upon our shores, proving that a navy wai no perfect security. If any country, when once the sea line ems broken through, depended upon fortifications, it was Eng- land ; and the public opinion was, that we were not in that fit state of defence in which so rich a na- tion ought to be. If the House thought all the feara as to the in- security of our dockyards and arse- nals were imaginary, and that we should trust to the Spartan prin- ciple of defence, that of flesh and blood, let them refuse the Resolu- tion ; but he believed that the House, faithfully representing the feeling of the country, would be of opinion that the great deposi- tories of our naval strength, and the points most liable to attack, should be made, as far as possible, invulnerable.
Mr. Bright said the House would deceive itself if it sup- posed that the estimste of the Government ss to the cost of these works could be relied upon. Whenever the Government under- took any work, tbe estimate was never adhered to ; the expenditure was doubled before the work was completed, and he hail no doubt that, if the House voted the carry- ing out of these works to comple- tion, the expenditure would be at least UO.0uu.U0O/. Millions more would bo iuvolvi-d ; thero niost be an increase of tho standing army, and the works would bo useless without soldiers to man them. He wanted to know by whom this ex- penditure was urged ; was it by an united Cabinet? ile believed that if the follies and superstitions of the foreign -office could lw got rid of. we might save three-fourths of our military expenditure, and that whatever waa necessary for inter-
nal defence might be had, at little expense, from our volunteers. After a review of the opinions and sug- gestions of the military authorities upon this question, accompanied by a sarcastic running commentary, he asked the Committee whether there was any other thing they would consent to undertake upon such counsel, than which nothing, be declared, could be more con- fused. He proceeded to argue that the representations as to the naval augmentations and coast for- tifJcations in France were gross exaggerations ; but they acted, he said, upon the people, and if the people believed them, he charged this to the contemptible cowardice of the Cabinet Ministers of this country. He arraigned in severe terms the policy of the present Administration towards France, characterizing it as grossly incon- sistent, and in ono particular in- sulting at once to the people of England and of France. The Emperor of the French had made efforts to meet the wishes of the English Government, and we should act sa if we thought him sincere and amicable towards this country. But the speech of Lord Palmerston the other night in bringing forward this Resolution was calculated to encourage the panic in England, and to create excitement and distrust in France. FraiiL-c might be our enemy (he did nut believe slic was), but he could point out an enemy at home in the insane and wiekod policy by which this enormous amount of taxation "was abstracted from tbe labour of tho people. With all his heart he opposed the Resolu- tion, f
Mr. Newdegate commented with some severity on the speech of Mr. Bright, whjcb, be said, waa either
England.]
HISTORY.
[151
further information before more money mi expended on land forti- fication h. ha won Id support jt.
Mr. Uonman said it appeared lo him that the first question was, whether the country was in a state of security, and, if not, how that security could be obtained. The ■peach of Lord Palmerston in bringing forward thia subject waa of more importance, and waa de- terring of the more consideration, because it waa to be remembered that he could not be supposed un- friendly to the Government of Franco, and, upon his responsi- bility as a Minister, he had made this an Imperial and an European question. Could he have made the statements ho did make to the House, unless under imperious necessity? The mere question of defending ourselves was not all the House had to consider. Moral considerations were involved in our security. England was not a mere geographical expression. The safety of England, in the opinion of every friend to freedom of thought end free institutions, was essential to the preservation of all that was valuable to the peace and happi- ness of inn n kind.
Sir Frederick Smith objected to a system of land forti heat ion k. Willi a regular army of l'U),n<m men in the Held, well provided with artillery, and a large force of volunteers, land fortifications would not lie needed, nor should wo have sufficient soldiers to furnish garri- sons to hold them.
Sir S. M. 1'eto supported tho amendment, believing that the House liad not yet sufficient infor- mation to N'-t upon, and that the lie port of (he Commissioners did not treat the subject in all its bearings.
Lord Palnv—Mii made a general
reply to objections, and succeed- ed in surrounding an unpromising subject with an atmosphere of humour. He reminded tho Com- mittee that the object of the Go- vernment waa not, as pretended, to line the coast with defences and fortify London, but to protect oar dockyards and certain other im- portant points essential to the maintenance of our first line of defence. He had never, he said, varied his opinion that it was ne- cessary to defend those vulnerable points, and he denied that the re- port of the Commission implied any distrust of a power with which we had concluded a Commercial Treaty. This Commission was ap- pointed more than twelve months ago. before tho treaty was thought of. He trusted that the peaceful relations between this country and Franco would continue for h long time; but ho was convinced that tho only security was to be »trong enough to defend ourselves, and those who were so were the most likelv lo remain at pence with the world.
A division then took pln.-e. when the amendment was negatived by it very large majority — 'if>** to rill, — and after a further diviniou on an amendment moved by Mr. Monsell, which only obtained thirty-seven votes, the original Kcsolulioti win agreed to.
A Hill being brought in. founded upon the Resolution, and the second reading being proposed on the tlth of August,
Mr. Iv .(sines moved, as an Amendment, the following ltesoln- liuii : — " That, before proceeding further with this Hill, it is desir- able that this House should be in possession of further information as to the entire cost of tho con- struction and efficient m
KvW] HISTORY. [163
would be of no avail, and engineer that lie had for many years endea- oflkers bad pronounced that they voured to call the attention of sac- were not called for. cessive Governments to the almost
Sit M. Peto did not object to defenceless state of the country, the expenditure, but he thought and had urged upon them the ne- the Government should present a ceaeity of no longer permitting well-matured plan sod perfect esti- ourselves to remain unarmed in mates. It was the opinion of pro- the midst of a world in arms. He fessional men, in which he con- viewed the Bill with all the more curred. that expensive land fortifi- satisfaction, because he entertained cations were unnecessary — that that distrust of the French Em- earthworks would suffice. peror which Lord John Russell
l«rd Palmerstou noticed the di- bad predicted would be the result vanity of opinions among those of his persevering with the annex- who acknowledged that measure* ation of Nice and Savoy. Before of defence were necessary. Mill- that event, about 30,000 men had tary men were for an addition to formed themselves into rifle corps ; the regular army, forgetting that but the movement had since ac- this would be almost as expensive quired increased force, and 70,000 as fortifications ; naval men were men had been added to the Volun- for ships ; lawyers had not stated teer ranks. That was the com- their specific ; he supposed they mentary which the people of Eug- would recommend an injunction, land bad chosen to pass upon the or the issue of a writ me rxeat policy of the Emperor of the rrgno. He thought the majority French. He regretted, however, of the House were right in think- that the Government had stopped ing that permanent defencca were short in regard to the fortifications the best and the cheapest. He at Sandown, in the Isle of Wight ; repeated that the proposal of the and be himself would have gone Government was not founded upon further than they proposed to go distrust of any particular Save- in adding to the defence of the reign or nation, but upon a delibe- dockyards. The stale of Wool- rate conviction that we ought to be wich would materially affect the prepared to defend the vulnerable results of any expedition that points of the country, and that the might have for its object an attack beat security for the continuance upon the metropolis. In his opi- of peace was to be found in tho tnoti. Woolwich ought to be made ability to defend ourselves. the citadel of London, upon which.
The House having divided, the if properly fortified, it would ren-
Amendment was rejected by US der an attack nearly impossible.
to 33, and the Hill was read a Inferring again to the Ititle Vc-
second time. It passed through lunteers in eulogistic terms, Lord
its remaining stages in the House El I en borough observed that, ho w-
of Commons without difficulty, and ever admirable and useful as an
was proposed for a second reading arm of defence they might be, it
in the House of Lords on the itOtn would be unreasonable to expect
of August. them to act as a regular army
The Earl of Ellenborough ex- againat disciplined troops in the pressed the gratification with which field, and he thought the Govern- no regarded the measure, and said ment would bare done wisely if
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [£„,i™i. rt in opposing the Bill — /( is supported by Mr. Sidney yrlon. Colonel Percy Herbert, Mr. Yanxtttart, Sir W. r C. Wood — After protracted debates the Second Read- / 283 to 53 — Further opposition oh going into Com- l hostile amendments ore negatived by large majorilie*, passed — The Second Heading is moved in the House of U)th of August by the Duke of Argyll— Lord Ellen- es great objection to the BUI — The Earl of Derby also •rust, but declines to more an amendment— The. Duke of iks in favour of the Dili, and is followed on the saint Hyde and the Earl of Granville — The BUI is read a a. eon. and becomes law. f February, Mr. the Chinese authorities, who look- called the atteii- ed upou our officials, not the i of Commons to British Government, as in fault, of our relations and he- ridiculed the idea that the tg a review of the Eussiana had assisted the Chinese s in that country, as absurd. r the late disas- Sir M. Seymour expressed re- t the Peiho river, gret at the absence of some docu- |
J**™*] HISTORY. [157
might be the result that would honour. After the arrival of the cum deeoletion and rain to that next nail, which web shortly ex- empire, peeled, he ahonld be prepared to Lord J. Bnaeell observed that state the exact conrae which the be doubted whether this was an Government proposed to panne opportunity upon which the House towards China, could conveniently discuss the Sir John Pakington observed whole matter ; but he could not that for several reasons this was refrain from making some reply to not a convenient time for digcoss- tbe attacks of Mr. Cochrane. He ing our relations with China, and accordingly proceeded to justify the assurance given by Lord J. the conduct of Mr. Bruce, who Russell was an additional reason had acted, he said, exactly accord- for refraining from the subject ing to his instructions. He had He hoped the course taken by the no reason to believe, up to the mo- Government would be one of mo- ment of attack, that (he Emperorof deration.
China bad any objection to his pro- Lord Palmerston recommended seeding to the capita] ; and sup- that the discussion should be post- posing the Emperor to have been poned until the arrival of further willing to ratify the treaty, there accounts from China, was really no reason whatever why Sir C. Napier, Sir J. Elphin- he should have objected to Mr. stone. Admiral Walcott and Lord
cial orders or instructions, to de- A few days afierwordtt, in the cide the question whether he House of Lords, ahonld pass the river by force, or The Earl of Elgin took the desire the British Admiral to re- opportunity afforded by a mo- tire from a fort which had been tion for papers relating to bis taken with case the year before, late mission to China to mako and thereby afford to China and a personal statement. lie bad Europe the spectacle of an Eng- been accused of harshly pressing lish tleot shrinking before a fort so demands on the Chinese which easily taken. This was an alter- other Powers did not urge. Those native of great embarrassment, who made that accusation forgot and, without deciding which course that he acted on instructions. But was best, there were infinite diffi- he wonld not rest a justification cutties on both sides, and Her of the demand for a resident at Majesty's Government felt it their Pekin on instructions. He rested dntytotellMr.Brucethattbeircon- it on its merits. If wo are to lidence in him was undiminished, have pacific relations with Chins, He agreed with Sir M. Seymour we must have direct intercourse that it would be wrong to press too with the Government at Pekin. severely upon China, and that our Another point urged against him business there is commerce. At wss, that ho did not go to Pekin and the same time, everybody he had ratify the treaty. He did not go. consulted was of opinion that wo because he was never charged with should show that we were treating the ratification ; be bad no option, on equal terms with the Chinese, Then Sir Michael Seymour, in and were able to vindicate our another place, had defended his
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NNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [England. , and said lie bad he hoped Lord J. Itussell would be late Government aide to slate to the Home that i give a verdict of strict instructions would be given jur of one party for the conduct of the expedition. I the other either Lord J. Russell said, with re- ic grounds of the spect to the military .ope rations, it Linusual proceed- would be very inconvenient, and Elgin), in April, unwise to prescribe such strict sot promptly in instructions that the command* d of Pekin. It ing officers would find themselves hat the Admiral bound thereby, bo that whatever m -boats of light circumstances might occur they 1 the Peibo, At would be compelled to obey them. me, the Admiral As to marchiug upon Pekin, there le gun-boats, and would be no need of it unless all "s plan of atrik- fair and reasonable terms should illowing it up by be refused ; but it would be wrong there to present to give particular instructions not 1 ratify the treaty, to march thither. No one could The consequence regret more than he did the ne- e and the ambas- cessity of tbis expedition, but the |
O^tmd.2 HISTORY. [169
deal disappointed at tha statement adopted by both the late and the
of Lord J. Russell. He thought preaont Governments, it ml «
tint on occasion! of tbia nature it fait accomjtli, and its ratification
waa tha dutj of the Minister for must be insisted upon, Nothing
Foreign Affairs to be a little mors was sought at the Peiho but the
explicit lie traced the progress ratification of the treaty, and after
of the transactions iu China from what occurred there one course
the war which was commenced, he only remained ; it would be most
•aid, by the indiscretion of Sir J. unwise to approach the Chinese
Bowring; and after blaming tha authorities without a sufficient
stipulations of the last treaty, he force to show that we were able
contended that, iu the proceedings to insist upon its ratification, and
for the ratification of that treaty, he had great hopes that, by this
we were as much in the wrong aa demonstration of force, and by the
we were at Canton, under the ma- wisdom and conciliation of Lord
nagement of Sir J. Bowring. He Elgin, our relatione with China
denied that the Ohineae were open would be placed upon a friendly
to the charge of treachery ; he in- footing.
aisled that the collision at the Sir J. Pakinglon could not re- mouth of the Peiho was attributable move from his mind a feeling of to the folly and imbecility of our disappointment at the speech of own Minister and the indiscretion Lord J. Russell, who had pro- of the Admiral, and he osnsured mised to state what was the policy the Government for allowing a per- the Government intended to pur- sou so utterly unfit to conduct the sue. After the unhappy affair of negotiations as Mr. Bruce to con- the Peiho, it wan the duty of the tinue to be our Minuter in China. Government to see that our power He could see no advantage to this and pretlii/t should not be irapair- country in requiring that our cd, and he thought them right in Minister should reside at Ptkin. making a demonstration of force; which would inflict a grievous in- but, looking to the whole conduct ault upon the Emperor of China, of Mr. Itruce, he thought we were and be sn ungenerous act on our not entitled to demand an apology part. lie warned the Government from the Government of China, against a partnership with another This involved two question s— did Power, and against making de- the circumstances, as they occur- mands upon the Government of red, justify the demand of an ape- China which, being based only logy; and, if the apology was re- npo» a disaster occasioned by the Anted, what was the alternative? folly of our own Minister, we He thought that, at the Wr <.f »h« ought not, iu the sight of God or Peiho. Mr. Bruce had comrn.tted m.n. to make. an error iu judgment : that he waa Mr. 8. Herbert, after replying wrong in hi- >"l°T '7,1,™ to some suggestions made by Kir law of nation*. ^"J^hsatflnT .1. KIphinetuM. ol««»«d <>>« '* «"■**. If « -«» •* ™J might be true that the T«ty of in the-. ^L hS£s ww5 Tien tain imposed upon the Chi- in commencing lioalihiiea. were l^ZSmO^ Twer* .one- wejaalilled L.a.king for an apo- ItT-ljTto them; bul. at tha logy? Then, if the .oology was
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SNUAL REGISTER, I860. pBijtml g to engage in a Hope and Mr, Bruce in the at- ith China? He tack at the Peiho. i entitled to de- No division was taken upon the reaty should be motion. On the same evening the . in making a de- House voted in Committee of Sup- roe, pi; a sum of 850,000/. on account in said that when of the intended expedition, iuct of a man we A few days later Earl Grey ourselves to be moved in the House of Lords for he was in at the an estimate of the probable cost ;t was performed of the expedition to China up to re called to pass the close of the linaucisl year 1, adopting this 1860-1, together with all charges umstaces (which for transport, freight, military i justified Mr. stores, coals, &c. The noble Earl ral Hope in the stated that he did not seek au lursueil. There exact, but only an approximate ca- mion, have been timate of the cost of the armament, lining Mr. Bruce It was impossible to foretell what differently ; and, the exact cost of the expedition , no officer could would be, but it was possible, he |
AylmtJ
HISTORY.
[161
taken immediate stops to obtain reparation for the outrage on oar flag. That outrage was premedi- tated, and was another link in the chain of the systematic evasions of our claims to have an Ambassa- dor at Pekin. Our relations with China for many years had been on a most unsatisfactory footing, and the present crisis most sooner or later have come to pass. He sin- cerely trusted that Lord Grey would not press for these returns, as it would be impossible to arrive at anything like accuracy in them. As far as the Admiralty was con- cerned, he did not think that the naval operations during the pre- sent year would exceed the sum of 850.0001.
Lord Malmesbury defended at some length the course which had been pursued by the lute Govern- ment in their Chinese policy. He considered that Mr. Bruce had acted with undue precipitation, and objected to the way in which we were accustomed to treat the Chinese people — at one moment as barbarians and at another as a civilized nation. The Chinese were a highly civilized nation, and it was most impolitic on our part to treat them in such an incon- sistent manner.
Lord Elgin thought the view taken in this country of our lia- bilities in the Chinese war was exaggerated, and proceeded to de- fend Mr. Bruce from the charge (■f prcripitawv brought ngsintt him by l,,rd Maluuobury. He explained the reasons hy which hii hail been influenced in Accept- ing a seeuii'l time the ]*>;it of Plenipotentiary In Chins, having dim i' so on the ill- 1 1 net under- standing that no M-r*miil slight was intended to Mr. ltruce. He should ubo his best efforts to oh*
Vol. CII.
tain reparation from the Chinese Government for the late outrages, and endeavour to place the future relations of this country and China upon a more satisfactory basis. It would be necessary, he thought, to insist on our right of sending an Ambassador to Pekin, and he entertained a hope that the Chi- nese Government would make such concessions as would render a recourse to hostilities unneces- sary.
Lord Ellenborough thought no one better qualified to carry on our negotiations with China than Lord Elgin. He placed much confidence in the power of Lord Elgin to conclude peace ; but he considered thst no peace could be permanent in China unless our own merchants and people, to whom he traced tho origin of all our misunderstanding and wars with China, were properly con- trolled. IJo held the present war in the utmost horror, and, stigma- tizing it ns most unjust, repu- diated with contempt tho principle that it was just to wage war for the purpose of making money. No adequate notion existed in this country of tho horrors of tho Chinese war of l«l'J, — horrors so greet that he, when Oovernor- Genoral of India, had not dared to publish tho returns he received detailing those events. In the cause of humanity he felt confi- dent that Lord Elgin would dn all in hii power to bring the pre- sent asperities to a pacific con.
After some further remarks from Karl iirey the motion wax withdrawn.
In addition to the credit of R.MMKhi'., of which mention has already been made, an additional earn of double that amount bad
(M]
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1800. \E*gtoi. e House of Cora- finances of 1850-60 had been paid y, before the ne- out of the produce of the taxes, le operations in the revenue of the year having ■ained. It being been so productive. But, although eut that this re- the condition of the revenue up to iable, the neces- the cloae of Juno was eminently urther supply of satisfactory, and oven exceeded the the expense of a expectations of the Government, itly war, and a he did not recommend any in- in the finances of terference with the estimate of ousequently and- the revenue he had made in Feb' course of the Ses- ruary. He then proceeded to state n many occasions the mode in which the Govern- Hhancellor of tho ment proposed to provide for the ngemontsthat he recent vote of 3,^00.000/. Taking itly estimated or the 600,1)001. included in the pro- contingencies of vision in February, together with ind that this omis- the surplus of revenue, then esti- va the necessity mated at 404,000/., but which was il Budget. With reduced by errors and miscalctils- wever, Mr. Glad- tious to 264,0007., and 700,0001. |
HISTORY.
£168
result* they anticipated. Hi m ■wan, be Mid, that there were special circumstances which occa- sioned Home uncertainly in the calculation of the produce of the duty, and it would be necessary to y the augmentation with modification of the duty on wine; and ho had therefore aaaumed an addition of only 1,060,0001. to the revenue of the financial year. This would re- duce the Bum of 2,;13G,000J. to l,3*0,OHOf. ; and that sum it waa proposed la provide for out of the balances in the Exchequer, which would admit of the withdrawal of even -i.OOO.OoW. It would be his duty to ask the Committee for an immediate rote, iu order to secure the change of the duly on the commodity ; and he added that it waa not the intention of the Go- vernment to make any further de- mand upon the taxation of the country on account of fortifica- tions, the subject of which would be brought before the House ou a future day.
After a short discussion the Resolutions proposed by the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer were agreed to.
The financial affairs of India wore the topic of debate on inure occasions than one during the course of the present &smoii. Ill the preceding autumn Mr. James Wilson, having been appointed financial member of the Legis- lative Council of India, had gone to that country, and after an in- tiii \ A (.niployed hi making him- self master of the complicated subject of Indian Finance, had matured a plan of retrenchment and taxation by which bo Imped to produce the result so greatly needed in the present position of
affairs, an equalization of income and expenditure. Mr. Wilson developed his scheme for this purpose in an elaborate speech which he delivered in the Council at Calcutta, and which was gene- rally received with approval both there and in this country. Un- fortunately tho recently-appointed Governor of Madras, Sir Charles Trevelyan, took an opposite view, regarding Mr. Wilson's projects of taxation us likely to be be very injurious, if not impracticable, in India, and he took steps to make his hostility known and to encou- rage opposition to tho measures of Government, in a manner calcu- lated, in the existing state of the native mind, to create great diffi- culties and seriously to impede the success of the projected financial Reform. In this critical state of things the Government at home waa compelled lo tako decisive steps in order to counteract the danger, and with creditable promp- titude they issued orders for the immediate recall of Sir C. Tre- velyan— a step in which they car- ried with them the almost unani- mous support of public opinion, These transactions, naturally be- came the subject of observation iu Parliament. Mr. Wilson's finan- cial propositions were for the most part regarded with favour, and much confidence was felt in his ability to restore the disorganized finances of the Indian (intern- ment* to a sound equilibrium. There were, however, suinu dis- sentients from tliii view, amoug whom was tho Earl of r.lk.ibo- Tough, whose knowledge of and i nil.- rest iu Indian a Hairs gave weight to bis opinions. On the UVtli of March that oublu lord ad- dressed a question to the Duke of [MS]
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.NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. mbject, inquiring think it expedient to lay a copy overnmeat were of Mr. Wilson's speech on the ssession of Mr. table of the House. In his stric- i on Indian ti- lures upon Mr. 'Wilson's scheme, speech was one Lord Ellen bo rough eeetned to ly, but was defi- have forgotten the necessity of aa it contained no meeting a present deficit of > the state of the fl.OOO.OOOf., and a prospective Indian Govern- one for the next year of i not agree with 6,500,000(., and this necessity ticipatious of Mr. could not be met without bav- did he consider ing recourse to some new source an a sound basis of revenue. He proceeded to de- reform in India, fend the various details of Mr. us only to be car- Wilson's scheme which had been >rough reconcilia- attacked by Lord Ellenborougb, Government and and explained that the strictures the scheme of a of Mr. Wilson on the Sepoy army ipon all persons referred only to the Beugal por- .rade. by bringing tion of that army. The question lerpetual contact of dealing with the local army had Hector, was not been already under the discussion |
E*u*L] HISTORY. [166
shared by others, and he read the be effected by reducing expendi-
opinion of a distinguished civil ture, and he wrote a most able
functionary at Madras supporting minute, which showed him to be
(hose views, and condemning the more of a statesman than the
financial policy of Mr. Wilson. authors of the Calcutta scheme.
Sir C. Wood said be should ab- But tbe question was as to the
stain from following Mr. Seymour course taken by him in publishing
into the details into which he had his minute. This course was most
entered, and from discussing any unusual and contrary to official eti-
plan of taxation for India. Tbe quette, and he could not join Mr.
ground fur the recall of Sir C.Tre- Seymour in condemning Sir C.
vrljan was quite independent of Wood. The withdrawal of Sir C.
the merits of his scheme ; it was Trevelyan from Madras would,
simply his most improper act in however, be deeply regretted;
publishing his minute. That mi- though not a judicious subordi-
nuiewns a moat excellent and able nate, he had proved himself a
document; but it was quite an- wise Governor, and he (Mr.
other question whether it should Bright) hoped Sir C. Wood would
be published to the world. This study bis minute with care, as it
was done, too, without the concur- would enable him to modify and
rencc or knowledge, and even greatly improve the project of
against the opinion, of the other legislation proposed at Calcutta, members of the Madras Govern- In the discussion which suc-
tnent, by Sir C. Trevelyan, who cccded,
had avowed and justified the act. Lord Palmerston said he con- Much as he regretted the loss of curred in the general tribute to so able a man, the Home Govern- the ability and honesty of Sir C. ment would, in his opinion, be Trevelyan, and his determination wanting in their duty, however to do his duty without regard to painful to them, if they passed consequences, Hut this was an over such an act of insubordina- occasion on which all personal tion. — an act subversive of all considerations must yield to a authority, the mutiny of one Go- sense of duty in those who were vem or against another. responsible for the conduct of Mr. Bright said the question public affairs. In the case of was one of a somewhat [uiinfui such an act of insubordination, character, and he quite understood such a violation of official duty, the difficulty in which Sir C. Wood attended with so much hazard, waa placed. He had considered the Government had no option, the Budget of Mr. Wilson, and and he could not understand how did not deny its ability ; but the a man so versed in official duty, fault ho found with it was that it and so well aware of the conse- proposed to Imlnuco income and quences of euch an act, could have expenditure by imposing new been blind to its character. taxes. Sir C. Trevelyan was Shortly before the termination strongly <>f opinion that Mr. Wil- of the Session, on the 1.1th of Ao- mii's scheme was not a wise one gust, the general subject of Indian for bin Government, and that it finance came under discussion in was not necessary to raise new the House ef Commons on tbe oe- taxes, but '*>•' the balance might caaion ef the Secretary! of Btota
S^lmi] HISTORY. [167
tbe anting, he stated that, com- improvements in India, revenue
paring the estimated amount of settlements, the new arrange-
revenue with that of charge for menu made in Onde and the
the year 1861-63, ibe estimated Punjaub, tbe treatment or the ta-
deflciency would be 6,611,000/, lookdars, and other matters of a
Tbe question was how this defi- social and economical nature, con-
ciency was to be met, aiid, after eluding with a confident anticipa-
a careful exam ir at ion, he had lion that in time the improvement
eone to the conclusion that it was of the country and the augmenta-
impoesible to effect this by a re- lion of its resources would make
duet ion of expenditure. The Go- our rule of India the means of
vernment of India had resolved to conferring a lasting benefit upon
meet the exigency by a system tbe people.
of increased taxation, including an Mr. II. Seymour considered tbe income-tax, and, although the re- statement of Sir C. Wood most suit of this experiment might be unsatisfactory, contending that the contemplated with some anxiety, Government had not exerted their there was no alternative, end he endeavours to keep down the ex- thought the Home Government penditure to the lowest point. He and Parliament ought to give its discussed at much length, and in best support to (he Government a tone of severe criticism, the of India. The next question was financial statement of Sir Charles, the probable produce of the new tbe topics introduced into bis taxes. Not much could be expect- speech, as well as its omissions of ed to be obtained in tbe present such subjects as the civil service, year; but, in 1861-68, it was es- law reform, and the sale of land, timated that they would yield accompanying his strictures with S,ftoo,0(W.; deducting this from suggestions of his own. He con - 6,6*1 1,000/, there would still be a detuned the proceedings of Sir C. deficiency of 3,1 1 1 .OCOf. This, Wood in relation to Sir C. Trevol- ho believed, would he eventually van, and complained generally of met by a reduction of expenditure, his mode of carrying on the busi- 5o that at the end of the year ness of India. 1R61-IW, the expenditure and the Mr. W. Ewsrt was of opinion revenue would be emialized. He that the military expenditure of pro[iosed to provide ibr the imme- India might be reduced by dimi- diate deficiency without having nishing the army and creating an recourse to borrowing money, by efficient police, means of the balances in the Mr. Gregnon approved the Treasury, and from tbe payments coarse pursued by the Indian Oo- on account of railroads in India, vemment of meeting the deliciency which would amount lo7.000.DOU/. by new taxes, and he believed that (his year, of which fl.OOn.ftiiO/. by degrees the revenue and ex- would be disbursed in India; and penditure might thus be brought be moved the Resolution empow- to a level, ering him to raise a sum not ex- Sir II. Willonghhy, on the other eeeding S.OOO.OOof. by way ofpre- hand, thought the prospects of caution only. He then entered Indian finance were very alarm- into details regarding a paper em*- ing. One of the great dangers, rency, railroad- nublio works and he observed, was the doaEthl
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JNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Extend. nich the financial sion gave birth, the Act for the as Mr. Wilson re-organi^ationof the IndianArmy Much depended deserves a prominent place. Tho ion of the army, incorporation of this force with tho i in his opinion, Imperial Army was one of the by obnoxious consequences of that transfer of the Government of India from tho implained of the Company to the Queen's adminis- ich compensation tration, which had recently taken mutiny bad been place. This revolution, as it may Le justly termed, arose out of tho Evans could not mutiny, which, though most disaa- what object an trous in itself, was not wholly un- V establishment fortunate in its consequences, since din now that the it gave occasion for those changes essed — until this in the financial administration and id to a smaller military system of India, which mid be no relief the exigencies of that vastly-in- creased ijiiijiire urgently demanded, did not antici- The change in the constitution of dty in the collec- the Anglo-Indian Army which the e-tax. Government were now impelled to |
ja^torf] HISTORY. [169
for local service in India, the moat efficient force was the cheap- proportion of which to the Royal cat, that the excess of cost was not troops, paid by the Company, was so great sa to weigh in the question, latterly sa two to one. After the There was only one consideration, Sepoy mutiny was over, discon- indeed, which was a serious one, tent arose in the local troops, requiring to be well weighed, and and many of them were discharged it had led him for some lime to and sent home. The question, entertain doubts of the expediency and the only question, wss whether of amalgamating the armies, — that a separate European force should was, the argument that it would be still maintained for the special be difficult to obtain a supply of service of India, or whether the officers for Indian service. He whole of the European force em- enumerated some of the altrac- ployed in India should form part lions that would be opened to the of the Queen's army, disposable Indian service by a scheme of for general service. Upon no ques- amalgamation, and came to the lion which he bad been called upon conclusion that the line would to consider, he observed, had he supply an adequate number of entertainedmoreseriousandlonger officers. In conclusion, be urged doubts ; he had at length come to that both for Indian and imperial the conclusion that it waa not si- reasons it was essential that our
fedient to have a local force in military power, upon which our ndia, which, in present circum- chief reliance must be placed, stances, would require, not the should be maintained jn a state of continuance of an existing force, discipline and efficiency, and that but the raining ofanew large local object would be beet attained by force. He proceeded to state the one uniform force. reasons and arguments which had Lord Stanley, after disclaiming led to that conclusion, and the party or personal motives, and pleas which it was incumbent upon frankly acknowledging the diffi- those to make out who advocated cullies presented by Indian ques- the maintenance of two separate tions, and the intricacy and per- forces, raised from the same class, plexity of this question in parti, yet placed in different circum- cular, observed that, knowing the stances, and subject to distinct au- opinions of high authorities upon thorities. He read the opinions of this subject, he should think it au rsons in high positions, some act of political cowardice if he hesi- iving been once in favour of a tated to express his own senti- local army, who had changed their ments and to claim for those of viewa in consequence of the mis- others a fair and full consideration, conduct of the late local force, — an Having noticed briefly the objec- occurrence whicli bo thought ought tion to the maintenance of two to operate as a warning, the danger European armies in India— that it of combination being leu in a was a theoretical anomaly— he im- moveable force than in one located marked that the difficulty of deal- in India. He discussed the ob- ing with thin question was greatly jections to the proposal, ono of increased by the absence of any which was financial— namely, the distinct plan to be substituted foe greater expense of Queen's troops; the existing scheme. In consider- but, he remarked, besides (hat too ing what should be the consutu-
hi'
OftM.) HISTORY. [171
the thorough tnd entire amelgn- ehinery, no other being substituted nation of the two armies, in its place ? He argued against the Sir Da Lacy Evans objected to abolition of a local European arm j the form in which the House was in India upon financial, unitary, railed upon to give a vote upon and political grounds ; and, with the question, whether there should reference to the mutiny among the be a local European force in India, local force, upon which those who The alleged cause of the Bill was advocated tthe change based their the mutiny of that force ; bnt he arguments, he appealed to the tee- contended that the soldiers had timony borne by distinguished been led into the belief that they officers to the gallantry and disci- were entitled to the bounty or pline of that force, and to the their discharge by the language of services it had rendered in ths tho First Minister of the Crown. Sepoy rebellion. Averse as he He condemned in severe terms was from the change itself, he the conduct of the Indian antho- complained far more, be said, of rities towards these men, and, ad- the mode In which it was proposed verting to the brilliant services to be effected. Was it to be tole- and high character of the local rated, he ashed, that the Becre- corps, he expressed his astonish- tary of State for India, after he ment that they should be now had monopolised the decision of stigmatized as unworthy of trust this important question, should Assuming that the amalgamation withdraw from the House of Com- of the armies would augment the mons the consideration of the military patronage at home, he scheme to be substituted for the expressed hi very plain language present,andrefcr it to a Committee his distrust of the Horse Guards or a Commission ? What oecurity tnd the War Department. bad the House that if the Corn- Captain Jervis protested against mittee was an independent one, it Sir De Lacy Evans' animadver- might not decide by a bare majo- aions upon the Hone Guards, rity, or that its Report would be He opposed the measure of amal- adopted ? If not independent, gatnating the armies. Leave was Parliament would be deprived of then givpn to bring in tho Bill. its constitutional prerogative.
On the motion for the second The amendment was seconded reading it underwent a severe op- by Sir E. Colebroohe, who rein- position from a resolute though forced the objections offered by not Tery numerous minority. Mr. Mills, by urging the large Mr. A. Mills moved that the amount of military patronage Bill he read a second time that which the change would transfer day three months. lie prefaced a to the home authorities, and he statement of his reasons for ob- referred to the opinions of compev jeeting to the measure bvclaiming tent witnesses upon the whole a right, as a civilian, to express an question, to show that the House opinion upon this question, which, would be legislating in a great though a military one, was of a degree In the dark, lie contended complicated nature, ami deeply af- that the Government had not laid fected Imperial interests— namely, sufficient grounds for this impor- whether we should annihilate an tant change, which would destroy ancient and valuable military ma- the local character of ths Euro-
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1NUAL REGISTER, 1860. jaigUnd. lio, and deprive belief, founded upon reasons which oment of a large he explained, that the expense at- ;er which it pos- tending the proposed change had appointment of been very much understated by Sir C. Wood; and he suggested that, ng defended Sir if the Bill passed, the War-office he charge of not would deal with a large amount of the Council of Indian revenue, which would be itter, which, he exempt from the check of a Par- mere technical liamentary revision, and his opt- ions of the mem- nion was that the War-office was cil being known one of the worst-managed depart- ouse. He justi- ments in the public service. He manner in which asked whether the Government d been brought had calculated the number of men irntion of Tarlia- to be maintained in this eounlry iroceeded to dis- for the relief of the corps iu India objections to the and the colonics. He advised the I European force House to reject this Bill, in order ; that there would that it might have before it a Bill |
Knflmi.]
HISTORY.
[173
away with the local army alto- gether, and incurring the heavy drain of human life which would be the consequence. He opposed the Bill.
Mr. Kinnaird also opposed tho measure. He thought that the Indian Council had not been treated in the way that Parlia- ment intended, the question not having been submitted to their judgment collectively till the Ca- binet had decided upon it.
Mr. Vansittart cordially sup- ported the second reading. He considered the present time sin- gularly favourable to the mea- sure of amalgamation, which «m calculated to allay jealousy and discontent.
Sir W. Russell also supported the Bill. The chief objection to a local army was the almost total impossibility, in a climate like that of India, of maintaining a high state of discipline. All feelings of jealousy between the two armies would be removed by their fusion. and he did not see why there should be more difficulty in ob- taining officers for the Queen's army in India than for the Com- pany's European force. If the native army were reduced, as he strongly recommended, an array of 5n,000 Europeans would be sufficient
Sir \V. Farquhar, after com- menting upon Sir 0. Wood's change of opinion, appealed to the despatch of Lord Canning, who had the advantage of knowing the sentiments of men of great local experience.
Colonel P. Herbert supported the Bill. He asked what would have been the condition of the Indian Government if. in tho late link", which he called a mutiny, of the European troops, the whole or a
large part of the mutineers had consisted of local forces. In the Royal Army, if insubordination broke out in a particular regiment, it could be removed from India.
Mr. Buxton urged the dissent of the Secretary of State's Council as well as of the Council of Cal- cutta, including Mr. Wilson — from this Bill. He also cited the autho- rity of Lord Ellenborough, Lord Canning, and Sir John Laurence, and observed that both the late Government, and the present Go- vernment, until this year, had been favourable to a distinct local army. He argued upon financial, sanitary, and other grounds, against the Bill.
Mr. Horsman observed, that, no doubt, the question as to the ex- pediency of maintaining a local European army was very impor- tant, and one on which authorities were very much divided. But there were two preliminary questions — whether the House was fairly treated in not having before it all the necessary information, and whether it was prepared to adopt a novel mode of carrying out so great a change, involving ques- tions of principle and details, not by a well-considered legislative Act. but by an abstract Resolution, —the beginning and end of all Parliamentary proceedings upon a measure that would transfer to the Horse Guards a large amount of patronage, and revolutionize the Government of India. In exa- mining the reasons assigned by Sir C. Wood for a change of policy upon this question, connected with tho mutiny, he charged him with disingeniiuutsnesi, and with abusing the confidence of the House. He slated, of his own knowledge, and pledged himself to prove, that there were documente on the sub-
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.NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. i complete, which and upon the question of health ts, important pus- and acclimatization, he cited the ;en taken out of evidence of scientific men, show- [ihiiuiil of details iug the destructive effects of long eut scheme which exposure to a tropical climate. back, but which He replied to the objection of constitutional im- Mr. Horsman, founded upon an e was the question apprehension that (he Horse )f the influence, Guards were going to take all iority that would the Indian patronage, and gave i military depart- explanations to bIiow that the was the question Horse Guards would not obtain besa were points the vast amount of patronage be the question, whe- supposed. d be one supreme Mr. Rich moved the ndjoura- e Government iu nn.ni of the debate, which waa louse was simply negatived on a division by 363 to an Act of Par- 83. Other motions for adjourn- t any plan, and meat followed, which were resisted nimoua protest of by the Government and rejected ndia. by increased majorities, but the :t, in reply to Mr. minority persisting in opposing the 1 that the Goveni- progress of the Bill, Lord Pal- lid information, or merston yielded, and tbe debate |
EngUmi.)
HISTORY.
[176
Cabinet had been opposed to the amalgamation of the local and the Queen's regular annj. The whole weight of authority waa in favour of continuing a local force. Even the Secretary of State six months ago must have been hostile to the measure he now proposed. Mr. Rich discussed the objections to the scheme of amalgamation on the one hand, and those alleged against the maintenance of a local army on the other, insisting that the reasons for not recruiting this army were futile, and that an efficient regular force of 60,000 men could not be maintained in India without deteriorating the general body of the British army. Sir De Lacy Evans complained of the manner in which this im- portant question had been brought before the House without the ne- cessary information. From the Sortion of the papers recently pro- uced, the question, he said, wore in many respects quite another aspect, especially with reference to the opinions of Lord Clyde and Sir William MansGeld, and the insubordination of the local troops, who, he thought, had experienced hard measure. They had been imbued with the conviction that justice was on their side. The alleged foundation for this legisla- tive measure was the tad conduct of these troops; but the papers hitherto furnished did not bear out the plea. The House bad been led to believe that the whole of the local force had disappeared, and that, if continued, it must be re-created ; but the remaining loot) troops numbered 17,000, and, iu bis opinion, so large an Euro- pean army as 80,000 men was not required in India — 60,<KK) or 60,000 would be sufficient. A moat important point was the con-
stitutional question— the power of the Horse Guards. He had no doubt that the prospect of a large amount of military patron- age had something to do with the change that bad come over the Government. In conclusion, he observed that, if the measure itself were unexceptionable, the manner in which it had been introduced would justify the House in reject- ing it. He moved that the debate be adjourned.
Mr. M. Milnes seconded the mo tion. The House, he said, was totally unable to decide this ques- tion at the present moment, and till it had a record of the opinions of the Indian Council, he should assist in arresting the progress of the Bill. In its present condition, and except in cases of emergency, our Indian empire might be se- cured, he thought, mainly by a local force. The mutiny in that force furnished, in his opinion, an insufficient reason for abolishing it; the measure must rest upon the question whether it was neces- sary largely to increase the Euro- pean force in India. He believed the object in view could be obtained by a well-organized and well-disci- plined local force.
Mr. Torrens and Colonel Dunne addressed the House in opposition to the Bill.
Mr. Ayrton said, now the papers were before the House, which put the subject in the most clear, con- cise, and full light, he could un- derstand why Sir C. Wood had changed his opinion. It had never been understood that he was for* mally to consult his Council ; ha had obtained from them all the information he desired, but he had acted, as it was intended he should act, upon his own responsibility. The mode in which this measure
England.]
HISTORY.
[177
quartered in healthy cantonments, would suffice.
Sir. C. Wood maintained that the papers now produced had con- firmed the statement he had made in introducing the Bill, and he proceeded to notice and answer the objections made in the course of the debate, vindicating himself from the charge of inconsistency, founded upon his speech of last year, and justifying his exclusion of certain passages in confidential letters, included in the papers laid before the House. He had, he said, communicated fully and freely upon the subject of the local army with the members of the Council ; but, the question being one which the Secretary of State could not decide himself, it had received the decision of the Cabinet, which had resolved that a Bill should be brought in. The matter had, there- fore, not come before the Council in such a shape as to entitle them to record their opinions. Resolu- tions of the members had been placed in his hands, but the Cabinet had determined that they could not be received. He would, however, give the Council an opportunity of producing them, so that they might be recorded. In conclusion, Sir C. Wood said : — " I have been taunted with bringing in a paltry measure, but I am surprised at that charge. The commissions of Indian officers, and all questions of pay, purchase, and promotion, are settled, not bv an Act of Par- liflTnent, but by the Indian Govern- ment. But I thought it right and necc^ary to take the opinion of the Hotihe of Commons upon the subject — to make them share the responsibility of this measure, and become parties to the proceedings of the Government— and therefore Vol. CI I.
I introduced this Bill. The same result, however, might have been attained without coming to Parlia- ment, and, under those circum- stances, the only object being to obtain the concurrence of Parlia- ment, I thought the shorter the Bill in which that assent was ob- tained the better. It would have been impossible to introduce all the details of promotion and ex- change into an Act of Parliament. The general principle of the alte- ration proposed by the Government was a simple one, namely, that there should be no local European army; that the European force in India should be part of the Queen's general army ; that the staff corps should be formed partly from the present Indian officers, and partly from the line officers, and that ulti- mately all the native regiments should be officered from the staff corps." He reiterated his state- ments as to the expense of the projected change, tho supply of officers, and other disputed points, observing that he had not heard any arguments winch had changed his opiniou.
After some further discussion, in which Mr. A. Mills and Mr. Hors- man took part, Sir De Lacy Evans* amendment was negatived without a division. The numbers upon the motion for the second reading were as follows : —
Aves .... <<>*<!
Noes .
53
Majority UUU
Upon the committal of the Bill, various amendments were moved bv member* opposed to the prin- ciple of the measure, with a view to limit its operation and preserve certain rights of patronage and contest to the Government in India
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. obtain the con- thought that n portion of thatarmy Houso. Among should be localized in India. The f, constitutional aspect of the ques- >u moved a lieso- tion ought, in Lib opinion, to lead is inexpedient to the [louse to the same conclusion, ith legislation ve- and they must not shut their eyes ■opcan troops iu to the coat of dispensing with a (hole plan of the localized force, which would bo the regulation of most fearful. Localized regiments, of that country moreover, could best bear the action submitted to tho of the sun. 'arliaraeut/' He Lord Paltnerston urged Sir. J. iless the House Elphiuslone to withdraw hU motion. by which it was about which, he remarked, Sir H. out this gigantic Willougbhy hud not spoken one tralizution, they word. If the majority was not to lit to the further prevail, and if the minority resorted U. He reiterated to all tho devices which the forms cited authorities, of the House allowed, in order to against the aboli- defeat a measure by delay, it would European army, be impossible for Parliament to L would impose a carry on its constitutional func- >nal charge upon tions. .idia, and ihut the The opposition to the Bill- how- |
Emriamdl
HISTORY.
[179
following proviso at the end of Clauae 1 : — " Provided that the same or equal provision made for the sons of persons who have served in India, and the advan- tages as to pay, pensions, and allowances, privileges, promotion, and otherwise, secured to the mili- tary forces of the East India Com- pany by the Act of the 21st and 22 ud years of the Queen, cap. 106, shall be maintained in any
flan for the re-organisation of the ndian Army.*'
To this Sir C. Wood made no objection, and the Bill, which, in fact, consisted of but one clause, passed through Committee.
The second reading was moved in the House of Lords by the Duke of Argyll on the 10th of August. The noble Duke urged the necessity for passing the pre- sent measure, which had been car- ried by an overwhelming majority in the House of Commons, con- sisting of all political parties, and he therefore did not expect any great opposition from their Lord- ships. At some length he pointed out that the proiiosed change of combining the relatively speaking small European forces of the late East India Company with the re- giments of the Lino was far less extensive than it would have been, had the Government decided on establitdring an European force in India totally distinct from the regular army.
Ix>rd Ellenttorough strongly protested against the Hill, as one of a very dangerous character. It would destroy the efliciencv of the Eim»|>eaii armv in India, as it would be im{»tH<d)de t<> obtain under the proti^ioiis of the pre- sent Hill, hueh a class of officers as had been trained under the old system. Tho Hill. Um>, was not
in accordance with the proclama- tion issued to the natives of India on the transfer of that country from the East India Company's rule to that of the Queen's.
Lord De Grey and Ripon sup- ported the motion at some length.
The Duke of Cambridge had considered this question with the greatest care, and, having con- sulted many military men in whose opiuions he placed the highest confidence, had come to the con- clusion that this great question should be settled in the mode pro- posed by the Government. He could not agree with Lord Ellen- borough that the proposed change would in any way deteriorate the future class of officers; in his opinion, it would rather add to the efficiency of the service. One of the advantages which would arise from the present Bill was, that a large body of well-tried officers would be added to the officers of the British armv, and obviate a difficulty which occurred in the Crimean war concerning the employment of Indian officers. In conclusion, he vindicated the Horse Guards from alleged possi- ble abuse of patronage and in re- ference to the treatment of Indian officers, who, he asserted, had met with the most considerate treat- ment, and had, in fact, obtained the greatest bhare of public ho- nours.
Lord Derby was sorry he could not entertain the sanguine expec- tations of either the Duke of Argyll or the Duke of Cambridge as to the results of this measure. One great objection to it man the conflict of opinions on the sub- ject, especially as all those |>emons connected with India wished to preserve the present state of things, and only those connected
:N 9)
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*NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. irmy were anx- formation, and he should, there- escnt measure, fore, leave the responsibility of a doubt as to this great and dangerous measure amalgamation of with them, in preference to as- t wished it to be suming it himself by voting against iod that he did the second reading, vided command Lord Clyde entirely concurred s to the army in with what the Duke of Cambridge it, however, that had said, and he impressed strongly tould arise from upon the House the necessity of ;e for local pur- unity in an army in respect to uld be desirable, command and discipline, a state of to renovate with things which did not exist in the ', this Bill was present local army of India. ;malganiatiiig as Earl Granville defended the local force, and Bill and assured the House that, such a plan was although the details of the scheme le House, the and the means of carrying it oat know what the had not been introduced into the losed to substi- Bill, the Government had well s, and how they considered and matured the essen- the difficulties tial parts of the measure. It was Another ques- absolutely necessary to decide this |
Byfari.] HISTORY. [181
CHAPTER VII.
Religious Education, Ac— Church Rates — Sir John Trelawny brings in again his Bill for the abolition of the rate — Lord R. Montague moves the postponement of the second reading for six months — Speeches of Sir G. C. Lewis, Mr. Ker Seymer, Mr. Bristow, Mr. Disraeli, Lord Fermoy, and other members — The second reading is carried by 263 to 234 — Further debates on the Bill in Committee — Mr. Newdegate pro- poses, as a substitute for Church Rates, a fixed charge on real property — After much discussion, the amendment is rejected by a large majority — Further opposition on the third reading of the Bill — Mr. Whiteside moves its rejection —His motion is supported by Mr, Disraeli, opposed by Mr. Bright, and negatived by a majority of 9, and the Bill is passed — Lord Lyveden moves the second reading in the House of Lords, and is supported by Lord Ripon and the Duke of Newcastle — The Dukes of Marlborough and Rutland, the Archbishop of Canter- bury, Earl of Derby, and Earl Grey, oppose the Bill — It is thrown out by 128 to 31 — Trustees op Endowed Schools— A Bill for re- moving a grievance felt by Dissenters excluded from these trusts is brought in by Lord Cranworth — Debate in the House of I^ords thereon — It undergoes important changes in Committee, and in a modified form becomes law — A measure introduced for the same object by Mr. Dilwyn in the House of Commons, undergoes much discussion, and on the motion of Mr. Selwyn is postponed for six months — Matnooth College — Mr. Sp*>oner brings on his annual motion against the en- dowment of this College— His speech — After a short debate the motion is negatived by 186 to 128— Religious Sekyices in Theatres— Ijord Dungannon brings this subject under the notice of the House of Lords — The Earl of Shaftesbury enters fully into the question in an interest- ing speech — Remarks of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl Granville, the Bishops of London and Uandnff, and other peers — The discussion terminates without result— Revision of the Prater-Book-- I^rd Ebury mores for the appointment of a Commission, with a view to a revision of the Liturgy and Canons of the Church of England — Speeches of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishops of London and Oxford, Earl Stanhope, Earl Granville, Lord Lyttleton, and other j^ers — The motion is rejected without a division — I'niok of ClTY Benefices- A Bill introduced by the Bishop of London for the pur- pose of relieving spiritual destitution by transferring surplus funds and buildings to other places- After some debate in the House of Lords, it becomes law — Cehbcb or 1861 — A Bill to authorise this operation is brought in by the Government— The proposal to require returns as
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WUAL REGISTER, 1860. [E.jto"l. sion is Kannly opposed '■;/ the Dissenters— A rjita lion -Mr. Bailies mores the omission of this clause in the Sir George Letch — The Government protest against ! concede the point — The Dill is patsed — National KELAND— Mr. Isaac Butt mores an Address praying fches of Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Carduell {Secretary for 'roy, and Mr. Hettessey — 'The motion is negatived by :jbb and Improvement of Land in Ireland — Mr. in a Bill to settle the mnch-dtspiited hind question ■bate and some modification it it passed into a late — surer — Reform of the Corporation of London iditced by Sir George Leiris pauses a second reading, nded — Reform of the Laws of Bankruptcy and : extended and comprehensive measure for this purpose t House of Commons by the Attorney-General — It is ?h favour, and a great part of the Bill passes through » account of the pressure of business is postponed to -Massacre of Christians in Syria— This subject the House of Isirdx by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe— •eches of Lord Wodehouse. Mnniuis of Clanricarde, out other peers— Conclusion of the Session — Itt 1 Severe labour — It is terminnti'd In/ the prorogation y Commission on the 2fl(A of August— The' Iloyal |
England.']
HISTORY.
[183
tributions towards the repair of churches. He pointed out other resources for the diminution of charges, and asked the advocates of the rate whether, in assenting to its abolition, they, upon the whole, gave up much for an object so desirable as the final adjustment of this vexed question.
The motion was seconded by Sir C. Douglas.
Ijurd H. Slontagu moved, as an amendment, to defer the second rradirg for six months. After untiring snme of the arguments of Sir J. 'I'relawnv. he observed that he had looked at this question in the old point of view, whereas, since the evidence adduced before the Lords' Committee last year, which Sir John seemed not to have read, the question had en- tered an entirely new phase, and assumed a different character. It was formerly supposed that this was a question of conscience : but it now appeared, from the evidence of Dissenters, that the conscien- tious objection had nothing to do with tin* matter; that it was merely a political objection or a factious agitation, the ultimate aim "f which was the severance of the Church from the State. He read portions of the evidence taken by the Com- mittee in support of hi-* position, observing that the ulterior object, to which end a victory over Church- rate* would !•«• used as a imaiH. Rhowed that more would be given tip by the surrender (,f the rates than Sir John Tnlawm wished the House to suppose. lie iti- «Hted that the evidence mid the number r.f p<titioiis proted that the de-ire f,»r the uhidihou of Church-rates was rn«t gen* ml. and that a feeling whs growing up in favour of their continuance.
This imendment was seconded
by Mr. R. Long, who dwelt upon the injustice of sweeping away a fund appropriated by law to the sustentation of churches, without providing any equivalent or com- pensation.
Sir G. Lewis, after defending Lord J. Russell (who was absent) against some strong remarks made upon his change of opinion regard- ing this question by Mr. Long, ob- served that he was not one of those who took extreme views upon it, differing in some points from both sides, and he proceeded to explain the reasons which had led him reluctantly to the conclusion that, in the present state of the ques- tion, the only course fur him to take was to vote in favour of the Dill. He pointed out what he considered as fallacies on either side, and, looking at the proposal to substitute pew-rents for Church- rates, he remarked that he could not understand the objection to resorting to a system of pew-rcnts, which were Church-rates under another name, and in which he was convinced an equivalent could be found.
Mr. K. Sevmcr. considering the present position of the Church- rate question, thought the House IihiI a right to complain that a qucs tion of m) much importance should be b ft in the hand> of a private member, and cited the opinions expressed by member* of the pre- sent (iovernment, which he con- trasted with the course they had pursued upon this question. Sug- gesting practical objections to the working of the measure before the Hoiisf. Ik* contended that in rural districts there was no real opposi- tion to Church-rates, and that the op|>nsitioii of Dissenters, as it ww now avowed, was not founded oral a conscientious objection. WH1
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. pfrpfotf cuts, he believed in Ireland— it would remove con- the Church of tests aud heart-burnings, and the ral districts were Church of England would he ed to thein. stronger than before, said he thought Air. Packe and Mr. Hubbard interests of the spoke iu opposition to the Bill, id and the peace and Mr. Thompson in its favour, t would be wise Sir J. Trelawny then replied, and ass this Bill abo- the House having divided, the ory Church-rate, amendment was negatived by 263 arm ally-recurring to 'i!U, giving a miijority of "j9 in d ill-will. favour of the Bill, which was then pished to put he- read a second time. rie« of this ques- Some further discussion took it been at all con- place ou going into Committee ou r, the extremely the Bill, on the SSth of March, icter of the mea- Mr. Pucka urged various objeo- d upon a central tions to the measure, which he fere with the pa- considered to be unnecessarily on, at least ten large, and with reference to the imshes not wish- amount of public opinion in fa- ired with. Ha vour of it, he observed that, in ith great jealousy some of the most populous towns uthority iuterfer- ami boroughs whence petitions |
England.]
HISTORY.
[185
piers ho had, he said, followed a
Principle adopted by the House of ords.
The amendment was seconded by Mr. Cross.
Mr. Horsman observed that the House had admitted that a settle- ment of this question was desira- ble, and that it could only be effected by a Government mea- sure ; why, then, he asked, should it be allowed to £o into the hands of a private member? While some regarded this as a question of principle, others looked upon it as rather a political clap-trap. The time, however, had come when some settlement ought to be made, and he thought Sir J. T re- la wnv ought to appeal to the Go- vernment to bring in a measure for that pur]>ose, it being a loss of time to leave the matter in the hands of a private member.
Sir J. Trelawnv mi id he had from the beginning urged the Go- vernment to deul with the subject, but their measure* would not have settled the quotation, nor would Mr. Newdegute's proposition, his objections to which he stated.
The uni'Mnltuciit wus supported by Mr. H» nley, and npj»oscd by Jj«»rd Ifi-nlev. who considered that total iiUilitioii was the only satis- factory mode of settling the ques- tion.
Mr. Philips, though deeming Mr. Nrwdegates plan open to home objections, in the absence of any preferable amendment would tote lor it.
Sir S. M. Peto said that nothing short of total rei»eal of the rate would n-mo\e the conscientious ohi'riiutis of the Di»»t*uteni.
Mr. Wurihingtoti said that the Bill, while it gave irlief to a few, would mill* l injustice on the many.
He could not, however, support the amendment.
Mr. Evans supported the Bill for the sake of putting an end to a vexatious conflict and agitation.
Lord J. Manners said, retaining all his objections to the principle and details of the Bill, he must oppose, though reluctantly, the amendment, considering that, as that House had assented to the principle of the Bill, it would be better that it should be 6eut up to the House of Lords as they found it. He should prefer the Bill in its naked simplicity to taking it with the s mend men t proposed by Sir G. Grey, to substitute pew- rents for Church-rates, which would affect the rights of the poor.
Sir George Grey said he should be prepared in the Commit tee to demonstrate to I/)rd J. Manners that his fears in relation to his proposal were unfounded.
Mr. Mellor denied that Church- rates were a charge ujioii property in the correct sense of the term. The amendment would never sa- tisfy the scruples of Dissenters. He thought the Church would sustain no injury from the aboli- tion of Church-rates.
Mr. A. Mills supported the amendment.
Mr. Walter thought there were but two alternatives open. \iz., to repeal the law as settled by the Bra in tree decision, or to abolish the rate. The former measure would be impracticable. The amendment was founded on a principle inapplicable to Churab* rates. Ha did not at* wfcv * limited recourse should not bo m£ to pew-rents.
A division took ploco. amendment to 40.
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lNNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [SNJM* ■n passed through signed by women and by children which Sir George under 10 years of age. Active b new provisions, agents in a parish worried the larging of appro- Minister-, and excited the minority 1 rents, to be ftp- against the majority; it was lire of the fabric avowed that the ultimate object rid to other pur- was the separation of ihe Church iiirch-rates would from the State ; tithes were to fol- low Church-rates, and even the edi- ions encountered fices were to be treated as public in from Mr. Est- property. The House, therefore, jole. Lord John had to determined different ques- rsman, and other tion from what had been brought first clause being before it at first, now that the in- hera fell with it. stigatora of ibis tnotement had ;ading of the Bill disclosed their real views and pro- b opponents as- jecta. He opposed the Bill be- i force and made cause it involved the question, o reject the mea- whether or not an Established Church should continue to exist began the debate in this country, postpone the Bill Mr. Bright said he felt indebted After examining to Mr. Whiteside for having in- |
EngUni.)
HISTORY.
[187
to leave the law exactly as it was, with all its irritating incidents, or to adopt this Bill. In Ireland, the vestry cess— the Church-rate of that country — had been abo- lished, and what had been the effect upon the Protestant Church of Ireland ? In all human pro* bability, that Church would have been absolutely uprooted, but for the large measures of reform ap- plied to it; and the Church of England, without Church-rates, would be as great and as useful as now. Examples in Wales and in Scotland showed the impulse that might be given to voluntary efforts. Propertv in Scotland had not gone with the Free Church ; yet what a vast result had been produced by religious zeal, fer- vour, and munificence ! Re should slander the Church of England, he said, if he were to pretend that it would not be as liberal as any other religious bodv, while its con- gregations would be as united as those of Dissenters, and its action would be greatly strengthened. Church-rates violated every law of jaMice and mercy written in the Bible, and could never be of ad- vantage to the Church of England, if it were a true church.
Mr. Disraeli invited the atten- tion of Mr. Bright, who had dwelt upon the success of the toluntary principle at Kochdale, to the re- corded representation of its otter failure at Birmingham. His eulogy of that principle was, he observed, out of place, for this was not the question before the House ; but his illustrations of the principle were illusory. In England the vo- luntary principle had always been at work. Mr. Bright had asked why the opponents of Church- ratts had increased. He answered that there had been on both sides
of the House an anxiety to meet a complaint and remove a griev- ance; nut Mr. Bright had avowed an object of his own. The Church of a nation, he had said, ought not to be supported by a part of the nation. He (Mr. Disraeli) demurred to accepting a Bill which converted this abstract opinion into a practical policy, which was not one which the House could sanction. It laid down the doctrine that, because a portion of the nation obeyed the spiritual influence of no particu- lar body, therefore the national Church, the ouly body that could exercise any such influence, should be abolished. He dwelt upon the evil consequences, social ana moral, of such a policv. If, he observed, the House believed the existence of the Church of England to be one of the strongest elements of society, one of the most powerful of our institutions, and the best security of our liberties, they would not sanction the theories of Mr. Bright and the rash and ruinous proposition of Sir J. Tre- lawny.
After a short reply from Sir J. Trelawny, and a few remarks by Mr. T. Duncombe, the House divided, when Mr. Whiteside's amendment was negatived by the small majority of nine, the num- bers being : —
For the Ameodment • 226 Against it 235
The Bill was then read a third time and passed.
A* in former years, the most severe ordeal which the measure had to encounter was in the House of Lords, and the narrow majority by which h had escaped rejection
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A.NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. {England. ;e in the Lower land, to which much of the iuflu- ?ncouragement to ence of the Church and spread liminished the re- of religious education were owing; ;h the Peers in- but if another item were added to ig the Bill. The those voluntary efforts it would ■as moved on the greatly lessen the funds now j Lord Lyveden. raised for those and other pur- j the notion that poses. The arguments whtch had ilish Church-rates been put forth in favour of this jy any hostility to measure were scarcely, he thought, proceeded to dis- calculated iu satisfy their lord- pect of the quea- ships' sense of justice, and he sent position of therefore trusted that on grounds jinion, was much of public policy they would not lurch than for the consent to the second reading of iae wherever the the Bill. He concluded by mov- :d it strengthened iug that the Bill be read a second i Dissenters. In time that day six months, illed attention, to Lord De Grey and Kipon *ition, and weight thought the Duke of Marlborough who were averse wrong in imagining the agitation in the present which existed on this question had ed to the bench arisen from the efforts of the "Anti- ipe off from the State Cliureh Society," as the agj- |
EwjUnd.
HISTORY.
[189
of England supporters of this Bill. It was a strange coincidence that the Liberation Society, whose ob- jects were far more violent than those of the supporters of the present Bill, should have used exactly the same argument. The voluntary system ought properly to be called the begging system. It was a system which would much degrade the character of the clergy, as it would put them in a less independent position. For these reasons, although he admitted there were some grounds for com- plaint, he should oppose the second reading of the Bill.
Lord Grey was opposed to com- promise on the matter, as he thought that by so doing they would be admitting the principle of the abolition of Church-rates. The law, in his opinion, as it now stood, was just, nght, and proper. Formerly this was not so, but the decision of the highest legal au- thority, that the majority of a pa- rish may tax themselves for the repairs of the church, had made the law perfectly just He knew that Church-rates gave rise to acrimonious discussions, but was of opinion that those very discussions occasioned a more lively interest to be taken in the affairs of the Church. The law as it stood at present answered its purpose in the great majority of parishes, and he therefore would not, especially after the revelations of the designs of the Dissenters, made before the Committee, be a party to the alter- ation of that law.
The Duke of Rutland supported the amendment, as he did not think the Bill would produce peace, but would encourage in- creased opposition to the Church, and would deprive the poor man of
a right transmitted to him from time immemorial.
The Duke of Somerset would vote for the second reading, as the agitation and ill-will produced by the law were not worth the paltry sum involved. It would be unwise to maintain a tax which could not be enforced, and year after year to give every town iu the kingdom an opportunity of using the ques- tion as a test of political strength, and as setting the two Houses of Parliament at conflict with one another.
The Duke of Newcastle had intended to vote as he did two years ago, but his former convic- tions had been much shaken by what had taken place in the other House and in their Lordships' House during the present Session. The Select Committee had at length taken the highest ground, and con- tended that Church-rates ought to be maintained without any mate- rial alteration ; and he was sorry to observe, from the speech of the Archbishop of Canterbury, that he seemed to have abandoned his former opinions, and to have be- come a convert to the permanent maintenance of Church-rates. The Bill did not appear to him at
S resent to be in a satisfactory con- ition. Still, if Church-rates were to be maintained as at present, ho saw no other remedy but to pass the second reading of the Bill, and to amend it afterwards in Com- mittee.
Lord Derby, having criticised the change of vote which the Duke of Newcastle had stated his in- tention of making, denied the im- putation that the supporters of Church-rates had not pursued a conciliatory course, and thought that that reproach ought to be on
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. as the opponents of and to remove a grievance of which is had rejected nil Dissenters complained, in being If Lord Lvveden excluded by the rule of decision the overw helming adopted in such oases by the Court r Lordships against of Chancery, from participation in ar, or had consider- the management. Lord Crau- iig majorities of the worth moved the second reading ions, he would have of a Bill which he had prepared 3 he had asked the on this subject on the lUth Febru- i express their opi- ary. and he explained its nature g on this subject, and objects. ttacks of the Duke The measure was intended to ainst the decision of remedy a grievance felt by Dis- [iiuittee. he denied seniors. Up to a recent period ttee had practically Dissenters were trustees of en- )riiieiple of Church- do wed schools, and their children wledging the prin- shared the benefits of those schools Majority of the pa- without being compelled to attend e the rijiht of tax- the Clmrch services or receive ; to maintain the Church instruction. A few years They had by that ago the question was raised whe- ured to maintain tlier this was legal, and it was but to modify the found not to be so. This un«- .1 .iilRTi.iii-r I'l'iiiii | .'. i ■ 1 ■ ■ i L H:ii.i' ■>!' ihi- l.r.v rrtuUid the |
England.]
HISTORY.
[lftl
ho stated to be nearly 700 in number, explained the scope of the various clauses proposed, and strongly urged the adoption of the measure, which, he said, had been rendered necessary by recent de- cisions of the Courts.
Lord Chelmsford said, the Bill was one of the greatest importance, and if adopted, it involved prin- ciples of the most serious conse- quence. The Dissenters had made many efforts to obviate their pre- carious position in regard to these endowed schools, especially since the decision in the case of the II- minster School, which he pro- ceeded to detail at some length, and guve it as his opinion that, looking to the intention of tho fuuudere of these schools, the judgment of the Court of Chancery was perfectly correct. As far as Dissenters had already, for a period of twenty-five years, enjoyed tho privileges of trusteeship, they ought to bo left to enjoy those privileges, but he could not go further iban that The Bill before the House struck at the very root of those rules of prescription by which the greater part of tho property of this country was held. Having examined the Bill clatiso by clause. Lord Chelmsford con- cluded by expressing his opinion that it was too much for tho Divufntera to denv the heuetit of prescription to the Church, white thev asserted it for the in- selves. TnU'ss, however, muiic other member bhould oppusx* the second reading, he himself should refniin fr.-rn duiritf -»».
Thr L'>r<l CtiiiMvllur hoped that, ;i*» i: \s it-. iiuivrr*;illv admitted that !• }«i«hi(i"!i "'i thf %nh|t'ct wait lieo-siirv, theru would be no op- positiuu to the Mttoud reading.
He asked whether a slight altera- tion in one clause was sufficient ground for rejecting the Bill.
The Bishop of London said that he thought that upon the principle of the Bill depended very much the number of the schools which would be affected by it He trusted that Lord Craoworth would inform the House whether the Bill pro- posed to include the National Schools as well as the endowed schools. The measure was inde- finite as to the nature of the schools to which it was intended to apply. If it were intended only to affect what were commonly called en- dowed schools, he should not op- pose the second reading.
Lord Derby con bide red that the question was one of serious impor- tance, and required tho greatest consideration. He expressed him- self as strongly opposed to the power of the Court of Chancery in questions of this kind, as the Lord Chancellor was guided by no pre- cedent, hut by the bias of his mind alone. He objected to what was termed the " coiibcience clause" as being fur too vague and unlimited, and buid that ho bhould prefer to invest the trustees of these schools with a discretionary power to exempt children of Dissenters, under certain circuuibtances, from that |Mjrtii»n of the education which included the doctrine* of the Ki- tabhbhed Church, to authorizing the Court of Chancer)' to pa*s rules aud regulations to bind tho pre- seut trustees. Ho would not op- pose the Huomd readiug. but be thought the liali would n quire the greatest super* i*iou and discussion iu Ctiuiuuilea.
Karl Gmuviile agreed with Lord Derby « tiews in regard to thf Court of t'hanoery, *ad suggeetid
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [E,,l„nd. arth the propriety terest the question excited out ) Bill to a Select of doors. Rut Mr. Dilwyn pre- ferred his own Bill to that of Lord of Oxford said, Cranworth, and that of Sir Hugh did not trench upon Cairns. He proposed by his Bill le Church of Eng- that all schools rounded prior to 1 ho most happy to the He form at ion, should not be owledged grievance deemed to have been founded for 5 the second read- the pdrpose of affording religious onsidered that the instruction in the doctrine of the ved in what was Church of England exclusively, siii-'iii'i) flause" was but that any schools founded in especially as those the reign of Edward VI. and aub- wished tu destroy soijiieiiily, in which the deed of hurch owned that endowment expressly required the liest thrusts was to doctrine of the Church of England bling I'iasenters to to be taught, should not be hiter- of endowed schools, fered with. He denied the right i the suggestion of of the Church of England to arro- thut tin; Hill should gate to itself the exclusive control .Select Committee, and management of the education words from Lord of the country, and, though a LordCrnuworthre- member of the Church himself, |
England.]
HISTORY.
[193
he overrode the first, by proposing that the will of tho founder should be respected. There were two grievances connected with the sub- ject. The first was, that as the law now stood there was no power to compel trustees to admit the ch ildren of Dissenters to the schools without their being required to conform to the Church of England. The second grievance was, that Dissenters were now excluded from the office of trustees. But the Bill before the House would not improve the position of Dissenters, while it would touch the property of the Church of England. The schools which were to be resumed were originally Roman Catholic foundations. Dissenters could not claim them ; the claim to them would come from a different quar- ter. Mr. Lowe showed at great length that the Bill would not do what Mr. Dilwyn proposed, while it would raise a number of impor- tant questions relating to the pro- perty of the Church.
Mr. Selwyu moved, and Mr. Lougfield seconded the motion, that the Bill be read a second time that day six months. Tho Bill was supported by Lord Fermoy und Mr. Baines, and the Amend- ment bv Mr. Mills and Mr. Walter. <>u a division the Bill was rejected by MM) against 120.
Some alteration was made in Lord C ran worth's Bill in Commit- tee in the House of Lords. A claiifio was agreed to, requiring trustees to admit tho children of Dissenters into all schools, not ex- pressly founded for the benefit of the Church of England. <>u tho motion of Iyord Cheliu»ford, an important change was made by striking out the clause which pro* posed to make Dissenters eligible to act as trustees of all endowed
Vol. CI I.
schools, where the endowment did not expressly require the trustees to he members of the Church of England. Thus altered, the Bill passed unopposed through the House of Commons and became law.
Mr. Spooner's annual motion for a repeal of the Act securing an endowment to Maynooth College passed over this year with a very short discussion. The resolution moved by the hou. member was iu these terms : —
"That this House do resolve itself into a Committee, to con- sider the Acts for the Endowment of the College of Maynooth, with a view to the withdrawal of anv endowment out of the Consolidated Fund, due regard being had to vested rights and interests." Ho renewed this motion, he said, under the continued conviction that tho endowment of Maynooth was a national sin, which, iu his opinion, was now bringing forth fruits in Ireland in tho mischievous proceedings of the priests educated at tho College against the Pro- tectant reformed religion ashy law established, and unless steps wt-ro taken to stop them, he warned the House that tho consequences would be far more serious. Ho proceeded to cite speeches and evidence of Human Catholic pre- lates and other*, with the \ie\v of showing tliat the priests edu- cated at Maynooth were virtually paid for disseminating doctrine* and opinions subversive of alle- giance and the lovaltv thev owed to the Throne. He charged them with teaching these and other mis- chievous doctrines, cliallenging anv one to deny the facts he stated. He had always said that the fruits of our false policy would be seen, and he reproached both sides of
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NTIAL REGISTER, 18G0. [ffnjlm* backwardness in who called the attention of the 1 through a sub- House to the recently -introduced Ionian Catholics practice of holding religious ser- vices on Sunday evenings in some bonded the mo- of the metropolitan theatres, and reason, he said, proposed a Resolution to the effect the withdrawal that such services, being highly o compensation irregular and inconsistent with the prosperous order, were calculated to injure Roman Catholic rathor than advance the progress kingdom, which of sound religious principles in spense with this the metropolis and throughout the vment. country. He supported his mo- sisted that this tion by dwelling upon the incom- ao considered on patibilily between the associations alone. As the of tho theatre and those of reli- f Ireland shared gion, and concluded by declaring [ation, they were his opinion that the present move- iderate grant for ment was fraught with danger to heir priests. If the Church of England, and were given The Archbishop of Canterbury . Dotwm also, ho stated in a few words the reasons esign this grant, why it would, in his opinion, be repudiated tho injmlirKiua u.< adopt Lord Dun- |
E*gU*JL]
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[195
found elstwhera. While he was read/ Co admit that these services were abnormal, the condition of the lowest ranks of the working people, of whom not more tlian 9 per cent attended any place of worship, required an abnormal re- medy, and he urged the propriety and duty of preaching the Gospel among these classes in every place where they could be assembled. The good effects produced by these services and by previous efforts made by the clergy were already visible among the working classes, whom on account of their migra- tory habits it was most difficult to reach by any other means. It was very well to say that these people ought to come to the appointed places of worship, but if tbey eould not be iuduced to come to church or chapel it was necessary to bear with their prejudices, not to leave thern to their fate, with the alternative either of conform- ing to rules or being left to them- selves. The character of the ser- vices was of the most simple de- scription, and as to the objection which had been made, that the building in which the service took place desecrated the Word of God, he was of opinion that the Word of God consecrated the building. These services had produced a wonderful effect upou some of the more desperate localities, und had not, as had been supposed, di- minished the congregations of the neighbouring churches and chapel*. but, as ho showed from several letters, hod actually augmented them. In conclusion, he con- sidered that the present move- ment, so (at from being prejudi- cial, would be highly beneficial to the Church of Kngluud, as it would bring it into closer contact and
communion with the lower classes and thereby conciliate their good- will and affection ; and he asked their Lordships if they were ready, by affirming this motion, to say, that Divine service should not be performed elsewhere than in the ordinary churches or chapels, al- though the social and moral con- dition of the lower classes should demand the most vigorous exer- tions to reform it — because, if they were ready to do so, he must tell them that the Resolution, not hav- ing the force of law, would be only so much waste paper.
Lord Granville urgently ap- pealed to Lord Dungannon to with- draw his motion, as it was one with which the House ought not to deal in its single capacity. The House, by passing a Resolution in condemnation of the movement, would merely make itself a laugh- ing stock to the country. If the movement were contrnrvto the feel- ing of the public, that feeling would ultimately operate more strongly against it than any Resolution.
After a few words from the Duke of Marlborough adverse to the motion,
'Ilit* Bishop of LhuidaiT pointed out th'a awful condition of some of the lower classes of his own dio- cese, and consi lered that the onlv way of reaching such people was to open in- -re churches and chapels ; but. if there should not be churches and chapels enough, then to use any other means to spread the Word of God among them. He ho|>*d Lord Dungannon would withdraw the motion.
The Rishop of Ixmdon did not regret that the motion had been brought forward, and, while paying a high compliment to Lord Shaftes- bury, said he could not agree with
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [F,n(lt«nd. s he bad pointed ject. He merely wished to have lese poor people the question discussed, find this ns. This move- object being attained, he would l public but a withdraw his motion. The discus- i, which, as its eion then terminated, aware, was not Auother interesting debate upon a feelings of the Church affairs took place in the id to which they House of Lords, on the 8th of had done right. May, upon a motion introduced by t consulting the Lord Ebury, which was in these rch on the sub- terms:— "That it is the opinion was an experi- of this House that, whereas the ad not to have particular forms of divine worship, t before he knew and the rites and ceremonies ap- lightbe. As far pointed to be used therein, arc w of the matter, things in their own nnture indiffe- >t unlawful, and rent and alterable, aud so acknow- lake it so was by ledged, it is but reasonable that, roin the Bishop, upon weighty and important cou- Dungannon say Bideiations, according to the various Bishop of Win- exigency of times and occasions, drug any clergy- such dnmi;v- mid alterations, should an part in these ho made therein as to those that |
England.'}
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grouuds upon which he consi- dered it worthy of support.
The Archbishop of Canterbury was convinced that tho object which Lord Ebury had in view was to benefit the Church, but he was also convinced that the mode by which he proposed to confer that benefit would only result in injury. Although he had met many who desired alterations, he had seldom found any two persons who agreed as to what alterations should be made in the Prayer Book, and he therefore could not help considering that the pro- posed alterations might seriously damage the j>eace of the Church. He therefore felt bound to oppose the motion.
Lord Lyttelton also opposed the motion.
The Dishop of London com- plained of tho misrepresentations of Lord Ebury. The question Has a practical one, and he should much like to know what wa* the practical grievance complained of, and what was tho practical good to be obtained. He examined briefly the jM>rtioiis of the rubric and the burial hirvico brought forward by Lord Ebury. and argued that the grievances of which he complained either did not arise from tho*e causes, or would not be remedied by the means proved. Advening to the Uook of Canon*, he showed that it was perfectly competent for Convocation, with the rollout of the Crown, to alter tin «e canon-, and he therefore a>ked what ut n.uld there he in aj j ly- ing f»r a < ■.iinniiNMi.il in order to do that whi< h cm). I he iluiie al- ready with* 'lit it.
I,«»rd St.itih<>|»4» "aid tliHt tin' large iiihjittiiy «>l the U-neh of bishop « and nf the clergy opposed to l*oid LburCn motion was a
sufficient proof of the great un- popularity and small need of tho revision of the Liturgy.
Lord Granville thought it would bo desirable, ns the expression of opinion hod been all on one side, that the motion should be with- drawn.
Tho Bishop of Oxford wished to understand whether Lord Ebury intended by this motion to alter the doctrinal status of the Church of England or to abbreviate cer- tain prayers which he deemed too long. The only meaus of judging of the intention of Lord Ebury was. not by his speech, which was most ohscuro ou this point, but by the opinions of those who put him forward. It liad been an argument in favour of tho motion that a revision of the Liturgy would con- ciliate the Dissenters. Now, ho did not think for a minute that the alterations in the Prayer Book would bring back Dissenters to the Church ; and, even if ho had any reasons for thinking so. he should grieve, much as ho desired to bring them back, to allure them back bv any such means, lie protested vehemently against tho alteration of " only a few words here and there," as it would, in his opinion, be ?*triking at the be- lief of the great body of the English people. Tho man who projK>bcd to make alteration* in the I'raver Hook for any hut the greatest re- sults was in his opinion, rash and unadvised. The objection to the length of the services was a mere bugbear. In his own diocese, the seniees which had in some in- Miinces been >h<>rt< ned, had been miIjm iiueutly resumed at their full It i.gth at the mpuM of those \trv perMHi* who htid lagged th*»v iiii^ht he Miorieiied. In con- clusion, he brielly refuted tho re- mark* of Lord Ebury concerning
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INUAL REGISTER, 1800. [Suglm* nature of bug- A debute oil that much-vexed tbe reasons why question, the system of National the method pro- Education in Ireland, took place in :o that of 1801. the House of Commons towards .hat the proposal the close of the Session, at the in- ;enerally accept- stance of Mr. Isaac Butt, who ! great body of moved an Address to Her Majesty, iters had mani- representing that the House had g repugnance to learnt with regret, that many of epared to insist Her Majesty's subjects in Ireland lie words " rcli- are prevented by conscientious ob- " and he ac- jeetions from availing themselves oendment. of the benefit of the funds voted noticing the in- for ibe promotion of National r George Lewis Education in Ireland, and praying e obnoxious pro- Her Majesty to direct inquiries to ; such excellent bo made, whether such changes ug to it. said lie might not be made in the rules iroposed inquiry uuder which that grant is distri- infractiou of re- bated, as would enable all classes 1 because the in- in Ireland to enjoy the advantages d by it would be -which that grant is intended to Ho added, that secure to the Irish people. He no^vise^mtheiirBued^haijkliou^ |
England.']
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[201
testant laity and clergy to the sy- stem administered by the National Board. lie insisted upon the vagueness of the rules as to reli- gious instruction, and that it was impossible to conduct the system satisfactorily under the doubtful and conflicting interpretations put u|K>n them. He contended that the moment a distinction was es- tablished between tested and non- vested school 8, the principle of the national system was at an end, 6i nee it was impossible that there could be a united education in non-vested schools. In Presby- terian, as well as Roman Catholic conventual schools, the rules of the Hoard were constantly and sy- stematically violated ; monks were teachers in the Roman Catholic schools, though prohibited by the rules of the Board, as well as by statute. The system of mixed education had been condemned by the statutes of the Synod of Thurles, confirmed by the Pope, ami not one Roman Catholic school had been since placed under the Hoard. The adoption of the motion would put an end to these anomalies, extinguish heartburn- ings, and give free course to the full current of secular education.
Mr. Card well observed that, thirty years ago, the House had withdrawn its support from the sytttem of education then existing in Ireland in consequence of its total failure, and that during the thirty years which had elapsed there had grown up in Ireland a system which, though its details might be i-ritici/ed, scarcely any ono would deny, had conferred upon the wln.le population the greatest be- uetit*. He showed the va*t and t*nidunl increase in the number of bchocls and hcholars since the Na- tional system had becu introduced
in 1831 by Lord Derby, and op- posed these facts to the arguments of Mr. Butt and Mr. Whiteside, as proving irresistibly that the system commanded the respect and re- tained the affection of the com- munity. It was said that the system had failed as a system of mixed education ; but, in localities where the population was mixed, the statistics showed that the at- tendance in the schools was mixed, and ho contended that, considering the discouragements it met with, the National system had not dis- appointed just and reasonable ex- pectations. He denied that the cardinal rules of the system had been, as alleged, set at nought or compromised. On the contrary, they had been maintained up to the present time in the convent schools as well as those of the Presbyterians; and, with regard to the monks, for a long time past the Board had determined that the rule which prohibited clergy- men of the Church of England and Presbyterian clergymen from being teachers in the schools should be apnlied to monks. Mr. Card- well then proceeded to defend the principle of the National system, compared with denominational edu- cation, as furnishing the only means of securing the advantage of mixed instruction, and insisted that it had been one cause, and not the least, of the material prosperity and the social improvement of Ireland. It would be a very great mistake, he observed, to suppose that the education in the National Schools was of a non-religious cha- racter ; ho was present by accident at the examination of the scholars at one of thei»e schools, and was st nick with the proofs they gave of religious instruction. He be- lieved that the House, which had
England."]
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[203
ration of the subject bad been referred, and that, if passed, it would leave some of the greatest of the existing abuses uncorrected.
Sir George Lewis admitted to a certain extent the truth of this allegation, but he stated that the measure had been drawn up to carry out the views of the Select Committee to which it had been referred, and he believed that it would be useful as far as it went. After a diviaion, in which the Go- vernment obtained a majority, the Hill was read a second time, but wns not further proceeded with.
Another measure, and a very important one, was likewise com- pelled to undergo postponement, in consequence of the other busi- ness of the Session proving too heavy to allow time to proceed with it. This was a comprehen- sive scheme for the reform and consolidation of the bankruptcy and insolvency laws, prepared with great care and labour by the Attorney-General, and received at the outset with much favour by the. House of Commons. The Hill, however, was unavoidably long and complex, and, after occu- pying several days in Committee, it became evident that it could not be passed through the Com- mons early enough to allow the proper time for discussion in the Upper House. It was therefore given up, much to the disappoint- ment of the commercial classes, but with a promise on the part of the Attorney-General to renew his attempt to settle the question by legislation an early as possible in the ensuing 8easion.
The last debate of the Session which call* for notice was one which arose in the House of Lords on the 3rd of August, in reference to the massacre of the
Christians in Syria, which about this time excited much horror in the public mind.
The subject was appropriately introduced by Lord Stratford do HedclifTe, whose long residence in the East and great knowledge of Oriental habits and policy, well qualified him to speak with autho- rity upon these transactions. Lord Stratford said that he did not think it necessary to enter in de- tail into the atrocities which had been committed, nor into the origin from which they had sprung. He could not refrain, however, from remarking upon the necessity for taking prompt and efficient measures, in order to put an end to the present state of things in Syria with the least possible de- lay. The despatch of a Commis- sioner to Syria was a sufficient proof that the Government was alive to this necessity; but neither that nor communications with other Powers would put a stop to the atrocities which had been perpetrated. It was a difficult matter, no doubt, for the Euro- pean Powers to arrange means of interference ; but if the Turk- ish Government were not strong enough to suppress those dis- turbances, he for one should not object to see European interfe- rence, or even the interference of one particular Power, under the sanction of a treaty. Such a course was, no doubt, open to risk. Syria was the key to Egypt, and any extension of the interference might lead to a war between the maritime Powers. Then, the Le- banon never had been fully sub- ject to Turkey, and promises been made to the tribes of that dis- trict by the British that their in- dependence should be secured, and Turkish troops should not be
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.NNUAL REGISTER, I860. [AytaA their confines, therefore glad to see that Her Ma- li ties} as hod re- jesty's Government were making ice could not be every effort to place the country unpunished, and in an efficient state of defence by my that lie placed the erection of fortiOca lions, — :e on the securi- effort* which lie trusted would re- me could give on ceive the support of their Lord- bad been guilty ships' House, reniissuess, if not Lord Wodehouse said it would nice. He hoped he impossible to assent to the iv estimation would production of the papers moved ie conduct of i he for, as they referred to matters of especially into great consequence and delicacy Bey. He then and their publication would be mpiire into the detrimental to the public interests, lovemeni, one of The peoulutr position of the Syrian issorted, was the population with regard to the Porte Turkish Govern- whs due to an agreement made be- eaktiess, if it ex- Iween the European Powers and i the state of tho tlie Porte, after the evacuation of o much reduced lo the country by the Egyptian troops ■uper sLrenglh of in 1640. "The Government had re was no excuse this duy received a despatch from |
England,]
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[205
that the continuance of European troops in Syria should be limited to six months.'* The great Powers also declared their disinterested- ness in concluding the arrange- ment for intervention in Syria, and their intention not to seek for ex- clusive advantages, influence, or privileges. He also stated what steps had been taken by the Porto for the suppression of these dis- turbances. The different Powers had also determined to send a Commission to Syria, and Lord DutYerin had been selected to re- present England. He was glad to inform the House that the Go- vernor of Damascus was already in custody, and was to be brought to trial. He concurred with the remarks of Lord Stratford do Kedclifle as to the difficulties in- separable from the Eastern ques- tion, but he could not agree with him that the time for palliatives was passed. The stability of the Turkish empire was of the greatest importance to Europe, and every- thing ought to be done to preserve it.
Lord ('lanrirardc expressed his di^ent from tin.* plans of the <io- vt-iument, and recommended the adoption of more vigorous proceed- ings ttjth the cftc to (iovernment of Turkey.
I<ord Granville said, that be- cause our feelings were roused by indignation, wc ought not there- fore rashly and suddenly to change all our |M)liry in the East, which hm[ n..iterial1v contributed to the |»eace of Europe and the. balance of jMiwer in the world.
After a f.»w wonh in reply from Lord Strutf.rd do Kcdi-lilFe, the dt-< iwm.iii terminated.
The time for closing this pro- tracted and laborious Session had now arrived. Having commenced
somewhat earlier than usual, viz., on the 24th of January, and been marked by uu usually late hours and long sittings, it was at length pro- rogued on the 28th of August, the Queen, who had previously departed for Scotland, being repre- sented on this occasion by Com- missioners. The Royal Speech, delivered by the Lord Chancellor, was in these terms : —
44 My Lords and Gentlemen,
" We are commanded by Her Majesty to release you from further attendance in Parliament, and at the same time to convey to you Her Majesty's acknowledgments for the zeal and assiduity with which you have applied yourselves to the performance of your impor- tant duties during the long and laborious ^Session of Parliament now about to close.
•• Her Majesty commands us to inform you that her relations with Foreign Powers arc friendly and satisfactory ; and Her Majesty trusts that there is no danger of any interruption of the general peace of Europe. Events of con- siderable importance are. indeed, taking place in Italy ; but if no Foreign Powers interfere therein, and if the Italians are left to settle their own a flairs, the tran- quillity of other States will remain undisturbed
" Tho prowled Conferences on the subject of the c«-s*ion of Savoy and of Nice to France have not yet been held. 15ut Her Majesty confi lently trusts that, in any Devolutions which may take place, full and adequate arrangements will be made for securing, in ac- cordance with the spirit and letter of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, the neutrality and independent*
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JNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [England. (deration. That mantled from the Emperor of cpr'inloncd were China, ) all the Powers _ , , , „ , „ ) the Treaties of Omtttmen of the Home of Com- reat importance, "ions, g important now " Her Majesty commands us to jenoral interests convey to you her warm acknow- ledgments for the liberal supplies iommands us to which you have granted for the atrocities which service of the present year, and for itted upon the the provision which you have made ->n in Syria have for those dcfi'iiees which are essen- jesty with the tial for the security of her dock- id indignation, yards and arsenals. cheerfully con- ., , , , „ , m parol1 of Aus- "V Lords and GentUmen, of the French, " Her Majesty commands us to of Prussia, and express to you the gratification and ;ussia, in enter- pride with which she has witnessed lament with the the rapid progress in military effi- (empOTtty mili- ciency which her Volunteer forces hoou all'urJed to have already made, and which is 1 purpose of re- highly honourable to their spirit hitlut^jar^jfanajjatriotijm |
EngUnd.]
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[207
give means for a less expensive administration of the property of charities, and for the speedy and economical settlement of disputes affecting such property ; while, by another Act, relief has been af- forded to Her Majesty's Roman Catholic subjects with regard to their charitable endowments.
44 Several other Acts have been passed for legal reform, which must lead to the more satisfactory ad- ministration of justice.
" Her Majesty has observed with deep satisfaction the spirit of loy- alty, of order, and of obedience to the law which prevails among her subjects, both in the United King- dom aud in her dominions beyond sea; and Her Majesty lias wit- nessed with heartfelt pleasure the warm and affectionate reception given to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales by her North American subjects.
'* You will, 011 returning to your several counties, have duties to per- form scarcely loss important than thoso which have occupied you during the Session of Parliament, and Her Majesty fervently prays that the blessing of Almighty God may attend your efforts, and guide them to the attainment of the ob- jects of her constant solicitude — the welfare and the happiness of her people.*'
The Commission for proroguing
Parliament was next read at the table, and the Lord Chancellor, by virtue of the Commission, declared the Parliament prorogued accord- ingly until Tuesday the 6th day of November. Thus terminated a Session of great activity, and not unimportant legislative results. A considerable part of it indeed was expended fruitlessly on measures which became abortive, especially on the Reform Bill, to the discus- sion of which much valuable time was sacrificed. The reluctance of Parliament, and the apathy of the nation on this subject, made it im- possible, indeed, that any such measure should have passed at this period ; but had those circum- stances been different, it is more than doubtful whether such a mea- sure, introduced in conjunction with several others of great importance, especially the extensive financial changes proposed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, could have been brought to completion within the limits of an ordinary Session. As it was, the fiscal and commercial reforms were the great results of this Parliamentary campaign, and although opinions were much di- vided on their merits, and it will require some time to develope their results, it mar safely be pro- nounced that the Session which produced them will not be regarded in after- times as barren or un- eventful.
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SNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [i,„!y. CHAPTER VIII. ;. Italy— Pi oposnl of a Cowjruu — Varioiu tchemn question of Centra) Italy — Vote of Ttifcany and the •our of Annexation to Piedmont— King Victor Ent- itle homage of his new tubjects — Annexation of Savoy nice— Speech of the Emperor of the French — O/'fHixi- i Government irith raped to the Province! of Cliablaii -ltasuU of the Appeal to Cnieena! Siijl'rnye- in Saroy tgraph Letter from the King of Sardinia to the Pope Uplij — Opening of the Sardinian Parliament -Spereh Hides of the Treat;/ of Cession of Savoy and Nice — King of Naples — Outbreak of Itiiiirrectmn in Sicily - laribaidi—IIis Proclamation to Die Italian* — Quetlion 1 of the Sardinian Government — Succetea of Garibaldi |
Jto/y.]
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[209
sion of external pressure. The consequence was, that a great deal of diplomatic correspondence took place during the latter part of last tear without leading to any result. \Ve have, in our preceding volume, quoted the remarkable letter of the French Emperor to the Pope, dated the 31st December, 1859, in which he called upon the Holy Father to renounce the Legations, which for the last fifty years had caused so much embarrassment to his Government, and in exchange to demand from the Powers that they should guarantee him posses- sion of the remainder of his do- minions. This added a new ele- ment of difficulty, for the Pope was inexorable in his refusal to abandon any part of the dominions of the Church, and they were ulti- mately torn from him by what, on another occasion, the Emperor called " the inexorable logic of facts," or, in other words, the irre- sistible force of war.
In the mean time, nothing could * exceed the admirable conduct of the |>eople of Central Italy in the trying crisis in which they were placed. They steadily adhered to their de- termination to be incorporated with Piedmont under the sceptre of Victor Emmanuel, and did not for an instant indulge in \i»ionary dreams of a republic. Nor, with one melancholy exception, the murder of Colonel Auviti, at Fur- ma, in the mouth of October, last j ear, were they betrayed into any uct of \iolence or excess. As was truly btated by Lord John Russell, in ji d« -patch written by him to Lord A. Loft us. our minister at Vienna, on the ft 1st of January, this year: "In I SI*, the people of Europe, misled by wild enthu- siasts, attempted to found stable governments ou republican thco-
Vol. CIL
ries ; but at the present lime the people of Italy, iu harmony with public opinion throughout Europe, seek for order as well as liberty beneath the dome of monarchy, supported by national consent and equal laws."
At the close of last year, the idea of a congress had been abandoned — or at all events indefinitely post- poned ; and this was chiefly owing to the publication of a pamphlet at Paris, called Le Pape el U Con- gres, the real authorship of which was attributed to the French Em- peror, and which advocated the deprivation of the temporal govern ment of the Pope in every part of his dominions, except the city of Home alone. Austria was too much offended by such a proposal to meet France iu Congress unless the French Government would undertake not to support the views put forward in the pam- phlet. And this the French Go- vernment declined to do.*
The British Government then came forward with the following proposal : —
" 1 . That France and Austria should agree not to interfere for the future by force in the internal affairs of Italy, unless called upon
• 44A ]iain|-bU't jublinhid in Pari?, under the title of Lt Pa/* ft If (.'«/«;/««, which ha* mated t«x> much ktir in tho pulilical world not to have attracted your Lordship'* attention, U the indirect csqbo of the postponement. The Austrian Go- vernment, it a|'|**ars, require* an mi^fo- nu*nt, <»n the |»art of the French Govern- ment, nuth.-r to bring bvfi>ro th- On /row thetn*»dv. h th»» tn ••*.•• i n s of uhi<*h the painj'hW-t \% \\\». advocrit«\ r»«>r to fnipport thriii if brought forward by -»th«m. The Fnrn'-h Government h«-Mtate :it entering into any nucq cn^^ioent, and Austria in eon«ei|uen*e declin*-* a |»j .earing at tho C«n^*.H — Karl Cowley to Lord John ItuMell, Jan. 1, 1*60. G>rre*|<ondcnc«
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fNUAL REGISTER, I860. r>/y. ritorial indepen- absolute resistance. It would bo impossible to make them accept it lot meet the ap- otherwise than by force." Austria or Sar- Such was the substance of Count vour* admitted Cavour's reply, in a note addressed posal had been by him, early in March, to the ith of August, it Chevalier Nigra, the Sardinian t it might have Miuisterat Paris. Healsosaid — not with enihu- ''Whatever may be the reply lout repugnance, returned by the .States of Central —Sardinia would Italy, tbo King's Government at but it was not once declares that it will accept it iould meet botli unconditionally. If Tuscany de- le Romagna with elares for the preservation of her iffieulties. The self-government by means of tho untries had been formation of a Slalo distinct from more than eight Sardinia, not only will it not op- tional Govern- pose the realization of this wish, known how to but it will frankly aid in overcom- st ardent nairi- ing the obstacles which such it larkablo spirit of solution might encounter, and ob- udence, and hail vialing the inconvenience which itions of Central may follow from it. It will act in |
Italy.-]
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[213
question of annexation to Sardiuia or a separate kingdom. The vote was then taken, and decided by an immense majority in flavour of an- nexation.*
The result of this appeal to uni- versal suffrage, on the part of JEmilia, was presented by Signor Farini, the Provisional Governor, to Victor Emmanuel at Turin, on tho 18th of March; and on the part of Tuscany, by Baron Rica- soli (who had succeeded Chevalier Buoncampagni as Provisional Go- vernor) on the 22nd. On receiving the homage of ^Emilia the King said —
" In uniting to my ancient pro- vinces not only the States of Mo- deua and Parma, but also the Ro- magna, which has already separated itself from the Papal Government, I do not intend to fail in my deep devotion to the Chief of the Church. I am ready to defend the independence necessary to the supreme minister of religion, tho Pope, to contribute to the splen- dour of his Court, and to pay ho- mage to his Sovereignty."
A bill was afterwards brought into the Sardinian Chambers to authorize tho annexation, and passed into a law.
In the meantime, the project had been brought forward of an- nexing Savoy and Nice to France. as a sort of coraj>eusation to her for permitting Central Italy to be united to Piedmont. That this plan had been discussed as au eventuality, if not actually made matter of agreement between tho
• T1W result of th»« v.-li- mn«. '.«* f'.ll"** — Tu« any, :*>t;. 4 1.% \>V * : :*•;•». f»T 1 f«»r ai t.« \.iti n, 1 t,S'*iri l« r a *• J .uat* Ltnp- •I 'tn, i'.T.» mill .t.miliA, 4 _' 7 . ." 1 - **•<«» ; 4 '.•"■. ,,,M"» l»T an titration, !*»** h'T a sc|*tn»U k..i--l"Ui, 7*0 hull.
French and Sardinian Govern- ments, before France engaged in the war which was to free Lom- bardy and Venetia from tho yoke of Austria, and make Italy free " from the Alps to the Adriatic," admits of no doubt. The pretext made use of by France to justify such an arrangement will be found expressed in the following extract from a despatch addressed by M. Thouvenel, the French Minister for Foreign Affairs, to Baron de Talleyrand, the French Ambas- sador at Turin, on the 21th of February this year : —
44 Historical traditions, which it is needless to recall, have accre- dited the idea that the formation of a more powerful state at the foot of the Alps would be unfavourable to our iuterests, and although, in the arrangement developed in this de- spatch, the annexation of all the States of Central Italy to Sar- dinia should not be complete, it is certain that in the point of view of external relations it would bo equivalent in reality to an analo- gous result. The same previsions, however distinct they may be, claim the same guarantees ; aud the possession of Savoy and of the county of Nice, excepting the in- terests of Switzerland, which wo always desire to take into accouut, also presents itself to us in that hypothesis as a geographical neces- hity fur the safety of our fron- tiers."
We will not waste words to ex- pose the hollowness of the plea that Savoy and Nice were neces- sary to France for the safety of her frontiers because Sardinia waa to receive an accession of territory in Italy. It was simply the demand of the strong uikjii the weak, and Europe felt indignant at having been duped by the profession* <x
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[NUAL REGISTER, 1860. {Italy. with which the ing their will. However poignant had inaugurated the regret we should feel if the uly. when he, in provinces, once the glorioua cradle ic tnomier. die- of the monarchy, could decide on ion of lumiorial demanding their separation from find not long the rest, of the King's dominions, >d that he had in order to join other destinies, wo deal"— that idea should not refuse to acknowledge n of Italy from the validity of this manifestation, ia. An attempt, declared legally and conformably i, to give the an- with the prescriptions of Parlia- ronco of a spon- meut," t nnd wish on At the opening of the Session sbitnntsof Nice of the French Chambers, on the French emissa- 1st of March, the Emperor Napo- those provinces leon III. vindicated the policy of lien- in motion, his Government towards Italy in ppeal miplu be the followingpassngesofhisapeecb, suffrage for the which it is right to quote, as ahow- legiance of the ing the grounds on which ho co. On the 9nd Bought to justify his conduct : — favour wrote to "The dominant idea of the Treaty of Villafraucn was to obtain |
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did not hesitate to declare to the Kiog of Sardinia that, while leav- ing him full liberty of action, I could not follow him in a policy which had the fault of appearing in the eyes of Europe a desire to absorb all the States of Italy, and which threatened new conflagra- tions. I counselled him to reply favourably to the wishes of the provinces which should offer them- selves to him, but to maintain the independence of Tuscany, and to respect in principle the rights of the Holy See. If this arrange- ment does not satisfy everybody, it has the advantage of reserving principles, of calming apprehen- sions, and makes Piedmont a kingdom of moro than 9,000,000 souls.
" Looking to this transformation of Northern Italy, which gives to a powerful State all the pusses of the Alps, it was my duty, for the security of our frontier*, to claim the French slopes of the moun- tains. The reaHttertion of a claim to a territory of small extent has nothing in it of a uaturo to alarm Europe, and give a denial to the policy of dihinterestedness which 1 have proclaimed more than once; for France does not wish to pro- ceed to this aggrandisement, how- ever small it may be, either by military occupation, or by provok- ing insurrection, or by uuderhand manccuvres, bat by frankly ex-
i Gaining the question to the Great :*owen». They will doubtless un- derstand in their equity, as France would certainly understand it for each of them under similar cir- cu in stances, that the iin|*ortant ter- ritorial rearrangement which is about to take place given us a right to a guarantee indicated by nature herself.
44 1 cannot past over in silence the emotion of a portion of the Catholic world ; it has given way suddenly to such inconsiderate impressions ; it has given itself up to such passionate alarms. The past, which ought to be a guarantee for the future, has been so much overlooked, the services rendered so much forgotten, that I needed a very deep conviction and confi- dence— an absolute confidence in public common sense— to establish, in the midst of the agitations en* deavoured to be excited, that calm which alone maintains as in a proper path.
"Facts, however, speak loudly for themselves. For the last eleven years, I have sustained alone at Borne the power of the Holy Father, without having ceas- ed a single day to revere in him the sacred character of the chief of our religion. On another side, the population of tlie Ro magna, aban- doned all at once to themselves, have experienced a natural excite- ment, and sought during the war to mako common cause with us. Ought I to forget thetu in muling peace, and to hand them over auew for an indefinite time to the chances of a foreign occupation ? JUy first efforts have been to reconcile them to their Sovereign, aud, not having succeeded, I have tried at least to uphold in the revolted provinces the principle of the temporal power of the Pope."
Tho proposed scheme of an- nexation of Savoy was strongly op|>osed by the Swiss Govern- ment. Its chief ground of com- plaint was that the act of the Coo- greas of Vienna in 1U15, whereby the neutralization of the provinces of Chablais and Faoeigny, which lie contiguous to the Lake of Geneva
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[NUAL REGISTER, 1860. oty. , would, by sucli sent. In a note addressed by the iolated — and it Federal Council to tbe Swiss Mi- le signed by iho nisier at Turin on the 1 1 th March, if England, Aus- they said : — Russia, on ihe " The Treaty of Peace concluded BIS, whereby an in 1604, between Berne and of his territorial Savoy, under tbe Federal media- (i favour of Swit- tiou, stipulates that neither of the !ing of Sardinia, two States should cede parts of u tbe following the territory which bad been ad- judged to them, to other princes, i of Chablais and lords, or republics. The Treaties 1 the territory to of May 39, 1815, and of No veno- ms belonging to her 20 of tbe same year, declared form part of the that the provinces of Chablais and zerland, guamn- Faucigny, and all the territories wers : that is to situated to the north of Ugine er the Powers belonging to His Majesty the laerlaad shall be King of Sardinia, wore comprised lity, open or im- in tbe neutrality of Switzerland ; t of His Majesty so that, under certain circum- liuia which may stances. Switzerland has the right ucea shall retire, of occupying with military forces [nit obj.rt. p.iss the n.'iilhili/vJ |.i.i;'lh.|i-.t;f Savoy." |
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1 792. Is there a dUpositiou, or a word, whether in the several trea- ties or iu the final settlement, or in the Protocols of Vienna, which restores the force of Article XIV. of the Treaty of 1 50 1? There is absolutely nothing.
*' But the Federal Council in- vokes Article XXIII. of the treaty of 1810, between Sardinia and Switzerland. This Article is thus expressed: — 'The dispositions of the former treaties, and especially that of the 3rd June, 1754, which are not expressly infringed by the present treaty, are confirmed.' In good faith, can we believe and maintain that Sardinia, by a vague phrase, and one of no precise im- port, cau have consented to recall to existence a stipulation dating three centuries back ? It is enough to raise the question to find its solution. The dispositions to which allusion wai made in 1*10 had reference to commerce and to facilitatingcnmmunication between the countries bordering on each other, and by no means to the essential rights of sovereignty which in the same settlement wero expressly defined as regards the neutralized proviuccs." But Count Cavour added : —
" However, it is just to acknow- ledge that the proceedings in 1M5 have created for the pro\inces of Chahlais and Fauciguy a special lejjnl jiositiou us regards Switzer- land. The neutralization of the*e countries was established in the interest of Sardinia principally, who demanded and obtained it in romp* n^ation for a cession of terri- torv in faxoiirof <ien«-\Hf and, con-
scijiirntly, of the i\mf» deration, as we liu\e hud occaMuti to i-oint out in the com-*' «*f the communica- tion* which, during the past J ear,
were exctiangcd between the two
Governments. If, however, Swit- zerland believes that this neutra- lization is of use to her, we shall in no way oppose the taking of her interests into serious considera- tion. France herself had formally declared it, and we have taken note of this declaration, now be- come public. This point should be examined into and decided, with the concurrence of the Powers which signed the treaty of Vienna ; for it affects the general interests of Europe, as well as the private understanding of Sardinia and Switzerland."
The Swiss Confederation after- wards addressed, on the 5th of April, a circular note to the Powers who had been represented in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna, and to Sardinia, in which it called upon them to convoke a Conference, 44 so as to bring to a solution tho pending con 11 ict, which has already assumed an European importance, iu the interests of international law, as also in tho interests of social order in Europe." And it iiiMsted that until the Conference came to a tinal decision ou tho question, the status quo should be maintained iu the neutralized pro- vinces of Savoy, and that no oc- cupation, civil or military, should take place. And a few days later, the Confederation issued to tho great Powers a solemn protest against the proposed annexation, declaring that Switzerland could not recognizo the validity of such an act, and that it was notorious that French agents were canvass- ing the population of Savoy on French interests.
The appeal to univi took place in Savoy on Wo and *2?trd of April, i i
\ute«i wero given in i < nexation to France, 44«>«i
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JNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [/«/,,. •e declared null. accept in good part the present f Nice the votes overtures, my Government, ready annexation, and to pay homage to the high eovo- votes being do- reigntyof the Apostolic See, would likewise bo quite disposed to cou- rdinia addressed tribute in an equal measure to (lie er to tbe Pope diminution of the charges and to tfareh. in which co-operate to the security and tbe administer the in dependence of the Apostolic nt of the Papal See." nd of viceroy or The Pope, however, refused to jpe. The letter listen to any such proposal, and iii.'i. but its aim said in his reply — " Much more, such as we have even if I were not bound by solemn aid — " The dilti- oaths to maintain intact the putri- ltered tuni upon mony of the Church — oatha that rial away, which forbid my lending myself to any Is has rendered attempts having far its object a tates have been diminution of the extent of this t to this ii' '■■■-- patrimony — I should see myself y See itself has obliged to reject any project con- in ancient and ceived in this sense, so that 1 might not sully my conscience by |
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land by virtue of international laws, I bare stipulated a treaty of annexation of Savoy and of the oonnty of Niee to France ....
"True to the creed of my fathers, and, like them, constant in my homage to the supreme Head of the Church, whenever it may hap- pen that the ecclesiastical authority should employ spiritual arms in support of temporal interests, I shall find in my steadfast con* science and in the very traditions of my ancestors the power to main* tain civil liberty in its integrity, nnd with it my own authority — thnt Authority for which I bold myself accountable to God and my people only
44 We are now creating a new order of things ; we must only see in old party divisions the remem- brance of the services they have rendered to our common cause ; we expect men of all sincere opinions to vie with one another towards the furtherance of the great objects of the welfare of the people, and of the greatness of the country, which can no longer be the Italy of the Roman*, nor yet the Italy of the Middle Ages; which must no longer be the open battle-field for foreign ambition* but most at last be the Italy of the Italians.'*
On the 12th of April Count C'svoor presented to the Chamber the Treaty of Cession of Savoy and Nice to France, and after a debate the treaty was approved of by a majority of 229 against 83 votes. (itirilMildi. who sat as deputy for N ice, his native town, was amongst tho*e wlio spoke and voted in the ttrgntivc. The first two Articles of the Treaty of Cession, which was *igned on the 24 th of March, were the following : —
'* Art. 1. His Majesty the King
of Sardinia consents to the annexa- tion of Savoy and of the arron^ dmemmU of Nice to France, and renounces for himself and all his descendants and successors his rights and claims to the said ter- ritories. It is agreed between their Majesties that this reunion shall be effected without any con- straint upon the wishes of the populations, and that the Govern- ments of the Emperor of the French and the King of Sardinia shall concert together as soon as possible on the best means of ap- preciating and taking note of (con- stater) the manifestations of those wishes.
44 Art. 2. It is also understood that His Majesty the King of Sar- dinia cannot transfer the neutra- lized portions of Savoy except upon the conditions upou winch he himself possesses tbero, and that it will appertain to his Ma- jesty the Emperor of the French to come to an understanding on that subject as well with the Powers represented at the Congress of Vienna as with the Helvetic Con- federation* and to give them the guarantees which result from the stipulations alluded to in the pre- sent Article."
We will close this part of our narrative by quoting some passages from a speech addressed by the French Emperor to a deputation of Savoyards who had come to Paris to offer him their homage. He said: —
"In met, it is neither by con- quest nor by insurrection that Savoy and Nice will be re-united to France, but by the free consent of the legitimate Sovereign, sup- ported by the popular adhesion. Thus, everything which in Europe does not cede to a spirit of anta- gonism of another period, looks
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WUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [n„hj. ftiou of territory policy, however, remained uti- ist. The recep- changed, and in the month of i communications July, 1859, Lord John Russell Government lo wrote to Mr. Elliot, the British resented at the Minister at Naples, and said, " It na authorizes for may suit the purposes of those lem the founded who have thriven on the past ble examination, abuses to encourage the King to p for Switzerland fallow in his father'3 footsteps, for jon it as possible a change of system would probably our of the Con- lend to their ruin ; but it appears portions of the to Her Majesty's Government that r ; but, in face of the King has now to choose he- wn among you at tween the ruin of his evil counsel- g a country dis- lore and his own : if he supports has known how and upholds them, am! places him- if through centu- self under iheir guidance, it re- udiviJualttr, and quires not much foresight to pre- natioual history, diet that the Bourbon dynasty sclare that I will will cease to reign at Naples, by e wishes of the whatever combination, Regal or e profit of others. Republican, it may be replaced, jolitical and com- Her Majesty's Government fully |
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Agrigentum declared against the Government. Guerilla bands tra- Tersed the interior, and the move- ments of the insurgents were directed by a secret revolutionary committee, the names and locality of which were unknown to the Royalists. Frequent contests took place with the Neapolitan troops with various success, but the result was generally in favour of the in- surgents, and for a month the revo- lution raged in the island without any direct assistance from Italy.
But in the meantime Garibaldi was collecting volunteers to take part in the insurrection. He all but openly organized an expedi- tion to Sicily in the dominions of Sardinia* and at length, on the night of the 5th of May, sailed from Genoa with a body of about 2000 men.
On their voyage Garibaldi and his volunteers lay for a day or two otT the fortress of Talamona on the Roman frontier, and there he issued a proclamation to the Ita- lians, in which he said : —
"Italians! — The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy and for Italy. To help them with money, arms, aud especially men, is the duty of every Italian.
" Let the Marches, Uinbria, Sa- bine, the' Roman Campagna, and the Neapolitan territory rise, so aa to divide the enemy's forces.
4 If the cities do not offer a sufficient basis for insurrection. let the more resolute throw them- Htlus into the open country.
" A brave man can alwavs find a weapon. In the name of Heaven, hearken not to the voice of those uiiocram themselves at well -served tables.
" Let oa arm. Let us fight for our brothers; to-morrow we can fight for ourselves.
<(A handful of brave men, who have followed me in battles for our country, are advancing with me to the rescue. Italy knows them; they always appear at the hour of danger. Brave and gene- rous companions, they have de- voted their lives u> their country ; they will shed their last drop of blood for it, seeking no other re- ward than that of a pure con- science.
" • Italy and Victor Emmanuel ! ' — that was our battle-cry when we crossed theTicino; it will resound into the very depths of j£tna.
44 As this prophetic battle-cry re-echoes from the hills of Italy to the Tarpeian Mount, the tot- tering throne of tyranny will fall to pieces, and the whole country will rise like one man."
With reference to the important question of how far the Sardinian Government was privy to and im- plicated in the hostile expedition of Garibaldi, we will quote and place in contrast two statements, which will enable our reader* to judge of the sincerity of the dis- avowal by that Government of any connivance in the matter. On the Ifctb of May, the official journal, the Piedmontese GazetU, de- clared. —
"The Government has disap- proved the expedition, and at- tempted to prevent its depa/Uire by such means as prudent mttA the laws would permit. 'I h* M*r- dinian ships of war had orders to prevent a landing hot could do no more than the Neapolitan ves- sel* whieb were rtuutu'j m tl*# fcv Amn w*f r%. Kurop* koows that the fjov*rom':i«t of t«* Kf0£ does not conceal its vAwiUmUi tor the commoti country, hot, si ifc* same time, it understand* »r*d re* sped* the principle* *f i*t*n»*>
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tfNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [Ttafy. lieves its duty to of drawing the Neapolitan troops ineiple respected out of the city, in order, by a. flank 10 safety of which movement, to enter it, while they had marched to meet liim at some dition had been distance from Palermo. This ic tor Emmanuel, plan, however, ouly partially suc- r the people of ceeded. The Royalists did con- mAncona on the centrate a force outside the town. said — "It was and advanced towards Corleone, the events whinh hut they afterwards fell back, and in Central Italy it was necessary for (he insurgents i or less excited to attempt to surprise the city by people of South a coup de main. his disposition of At daybreak on the morning of d vent in open the 27th of May (Whit Sunday), pie were fighting Garibaldi, at the head of his ily, when a brave volunteers, attacked Palermo, and oltalyandine — after an obstinate struggle, drove —sprang to their the Neapolitan troops out of the ■ were Italians; streets into the citadel, from which ht not U restrain they kept up a heavy bombard- ment for many hours, aided by the his volunteers Royalist fleet in the harbour. At |
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[223
and were attacked at daybreak by Garibaldi's troops, when a fierce straggle ensued, which lasted the whole day. At last the Neapo- litans gave way, and retreated fighting to the fort, while the insurgeuts rushed into Mclazzo, and after a severe contest in the streets, took possession of the vil-
lage. The losses on both sides were heavy, and Garibaldi him- self was personally engaged in an encounter with the enemy, and narrowly escaped death. Next morning General Bosco capitu- lated, and he and his troops were allowed to leave Melazzo, but without their arms.
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SNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. ih"hJ- CHAPTER IX. — Attempts of the King of Naples to conciliate kit imation of a Constitution — Litter of the French fount Persigny — Proclamation <>f Garibatdi from t/'ertu a lamlinij un the Mainland—- Capture of Ueggio [loyalist Troops tit Sun Gioeitnui, and Terror of the Naples -Flight of the King and Entry of Gar'ihaldi — Insurrectionary movements in the Papal Territory — icih-e takes the command of the- Papal Armij—Dijli- sition— Letter from Count favour to Cardinal Anto- 1 invasion of tH* Statu of tk« Church— The Cardinals ;jh of Gcrwrats Font) and Cialdini in the Marches iattle of Ciltlel Fidardo — Flight of General Lamori- d Capture of Ancona — Letter of Lord John liituscU |
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[225
Parliament was convoked to meet in Naples on the 10th of Sep- tember following. Provisions were also made to regulato the liberty of the press, and a Commission was appointed to prepare projects of 1, the Electoral Law; il, the law for the National Guard ; 3, the law for the organization of the Administration ; 4, the law for the Council of State ; 5, the law for the responsibility of Ministers.
On the 25th of July the French Emperor, conscious of the uneasi- ness felt in England on account of the policy and conduct of France, addressed a remarkable letter to Count Persigny, the French Am- bassador in this country, which is of sufficient interest to be quoted in exttnso. Whether the explana- tions given were satisfactory or not. it is impossible not to be struck with the air of frankness and sin- cerity which pervades it ; and such a familiar epistle from a crowned head, in defence of his Government, has, at least, the merit of novelty.
41 St. Cloud, 2T.tli July, 1-rtu.
'• My dear Persigny,— Affairs appear to me to be so complicated — thanks to the mistrust excited even-where since the war in Italy — that I write to you in the hope that a conversation, in perfect frank- ness, with Lord Palmerston. will remedy the existing evil. Ix>rd l*alraerston knows me. and when I aftirm a thing he will believe me. Well, you can tell him from me, in the most explicit manner, thai hince the peace of Villafranea. I hate had but one thought, one object — to inaugurate a new era of peace, and to live on the best terms with all my neighbours, and especially with England. I had renounced Savor and Nice ; the extraordinary additions to Pied-
Vol. CI I.
mont alone caused me to resume the desire to see re-united to France provinces essentiully French. But, it will be objected, * You wish for peace, and you iucreaso, immo- derately, the military forces of France.* I deny the fact in every sense. My army and my fleet have in them nothing of a threaten iug character. My steam navy is even far from being adequate to our requirements, and the number of steamers does not nearly equal that of sailing ships deemed neces- sary in the time of King Louis Philippe. I have 400,000 men under arms ; but deduct from this amount 00,000 in Algeria, (iOOOat Home, 8000 in China, 20,000 gendarmes, the sick, and the new conscripts, aud you will see — what is the truth — that my regiments are of smaller effective strength than during the preceding reign. The only addition to the Army Li&L has been made by the creation of the Imperial Guard. Moreover, while wishing fur peace, I desire also to organize the forces of the country on the best possible foot ing. for. if foreigners have only seen the bright side of the last war, 1 myself, close at hand, have witnessed the defects, and I wish to remedy them. Having said thus much, I have, since Villafranca. neither done, nor eveu thought, anything which could alarm any one. When Lavalette started for Constantinople, the instructions which 1 gave him were confined to this — • I "se everv effort to main- tain the status quo ; the int* rest of France is that Turkey bhould live as long as |H>ssihle.'
•• Now, then, occur the massacre* in Syria, and it is asserted that I am very glad to find a new occasion of making a little war. or of play- ing a new part, lleallv, people
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1NUAL REGISTER, I860. [iuls. for very little boiv, but without foreign interven- f 1 instantly pro- turn, mid tlmt my troops should be on, it was because able to quit Koine without com- e those of the promising the security of tho Pope. s put me at its I could very much wish not (o be intelligence from obliged to undertake the Syrian 1 mo with indig- expedition, and, in any case, not to t thought, never- undertake it alone : firstly, because me to an under- it will be a great expense; and Sugland. What secondly, because I fair that this i that of humanity intervention may involve the East- i to send troops era question: but, on the other y? Could it be hand, I do not see how to resist in of it vould in- public opinion in my country, which >lh ? Can I con- will never uodereiand that we can that Algeria, not- leave unpunished, not only the uture advantages, massacre of Christians, but the akness to France, burning of our consulates, the iu- ,-eara has devoted suit to our flag, and tho pillage of f its blood and its tho monasteries which were under in 1853 at 1W- our protection, minion is still tho " I have told you all I think, reat conquests to without disguising or omitting any- inFrance^He^thinj^ljak^jha^sejoumav^^^ |
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occupied by the Neapolitan garri- son, but no hostilities took place, at it was arranged by a convention that the guns of the citadel should not fire upon the town. And the garrison had not evacuated the place even at the end of the year, so that the only spot of ground held by the Royalist troops in Sicily at its close was the citadel of Messina.
Garibaldi remained at Messina for several weeks, organizing his forces and watching for an oppor- tunity to make a descent on the mainland of Calabria. I lis troops wore collected at Medina and Furo, which is at tho • extreme north-east point of Sicily, oppo- site to the fortress of Kcggio, where there was a Neapolitan gar- rison, and Neapolitan war-steamers cruised up and down the Straits, now and theu exchanging shots with the short', but doing no da- mage. The Neapolitan (lovcrn- meiit supposed that the invasion would he attempted in the neigh- bourhood of lir^gio. and there tiny ruiit'fiit rated a c*>n^i<l« ruble In»uv of trot'i*. hut the landing look plsi-p at n ]tuint much lower down, where it was not expected, u ml uo preparation was made to resist it.
(rarihaldi crossed the Straits, and effected a disembarkation at Mflito on the It'th of August. Ht-rv he was joined by a h in. ill detachment uf his voluntitrs, who had some day* prvviou*ly, under the command of Major Mistori. made a descent from Faro, and had s ii«'e then taken refuse on the
fj|i>ll!lt;llli<. whi Te t(|M WVXV liilUld
. •*
by C:ilabriau insurgent*, but wore not in MiuVi«'iit strength to make headn^aiiitt th* Nni|fdtian (n»op«i. Garibaldi quitted Melito uu the •40th. and marched along the road
by the sea-shore upon Reggioi which is a long and narrow town lying on the beach and surrounded by the hills above it. In order to attack the place, he divided his force into three columns, one under himself, on the right, which was to get possession of the hills and the higher part of the town, which rises in that direction ; an- other, which was to operate against the centre towards the bridge ; and the third to the left, which was to advance 'along the sea-shore. The Neapolitans, however, hardly at- tempted a resistance. They re- treated as the column of the volun- teers advanced, and the greater number of them fairly ran away out of the town to San Giovanni. In less than two hours after the firing began, the town was cleared of Royalist, troops and the fort alone remained in their hands. In the meantime, boatloads of insur- gents, under the command of General L'usens, covered tho Straits from tin? Faro point, and landed near Ketfgio, notwithstand- ing tho abortive efforts of some Neapolitan steamers to prevent their landing. The fort of Kegpjo after a short tiro, during which the otlieer in command was mortally wounded. hoi»ted a white flag, and surrendered, on tho conditions that the garrison were to evacuate the place with their arms and baponge, and have belli,. A ihom all the mutrritf of the fort, which comprised a considerable number of cannon and fino Maud of arms, fiarihaldi next ad unwed upon San tiiovnunt, a strapping \illage on the fen-ibon*. where the Neu|m|i- lans, un.br (ii-m-ral liriganti, had taken up a position, which wat entirely commanded by the heights above, lie himself marched along the hills, while auother bodv of hit
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<NUAL REGISTER, 1S60. [;,«<j. dy advanced by days afterwards bis ministers re- shore, aud a ile- signed, and the alarm which they to sent on liy a felt eunnot be more plainly shown route to occupy than by the fact that several of ihe rear of the them, no: thinking thorn selves safe .us found them- in the capital, slept on board the d on all sides. British Admiral's ship in the har- s Garibaldi that hour. Prince Ischitella, who was :>der, that he for- very unpopular, was removed from i tire, and the re- the command of the National ho was right, for Guard, and General Viglia was lag of truce came appointed commander of the Army emy, mid after a of Naples. But it was too late, shouts arose Disaffection showed itself in the 'otists of " Viva army itself, and various towns V Italia!" And broke out into open revolt, and de- slf went down clared for Garibaldi and Victor where he was Emmanuel. Two regiments of uch enthusiasm dragoons that were sent to restore st lorn to pieces order at Foggia joined tht- insur- ed embracing." gents. Six regiments refused 10 oldiers, who were inarch against Folenza, shouting imber, were told " Yira Garibaldi!" and General |
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[229
legions with all the pomp and cir- cumstance of war, but as a first- class passenger in a railway car- riage ! He had dethroned the Bourbon dvnastv and marched from Mel i to to Naples, with hardly the loss of a single man since the moment when he first set foot on the Calabriun shore.
Let us now, however, turn to the Papal States, where in the meantime insurrectionary move- ments were taking place in dif- ferent parts of the territory. At IVsaro, in the Marches, and at Montefeltro, r rhino, and other towns, the inhabitants rose in revolt, and proclaimed Victor Emmanuel as their King. This happened at the beginning of September.
The Papal Government had made every effort to increase its army, and recruiting agents had been sent into different countries to procure volunteers. In Ireland a considerable number of men were collected, who left the island on pretence of bring employed as "navvies" or railway labourers, but the object of their departure was perfectly well known. Gene- ral I^amoriciero was appointed (\»mmand«T-in-Chief of the Pon- tifical army, and during the spring and summer he was actively em- pluved in organizing his hetero- geneous force and garrisoning the different towns and places where disaffection was mo*l prevalent. At the beginning of September General Ijunoriciere received a iiH'SMige fmoi General Fanti. who cominiiud«:d the Piedmont*'***' urtuv in the koinagiia. to the effect thut In- wi-tild oviipy with hi* forces I 'ml. mi out] the Muii'lit**, if the 1 'lipid lr»M.p* atuiupud to represn bv Juice nnv tiiniiitV*»(Htion of the inhabitants ' in the national j>en&e.'
General Lamoriciere replied that ho had no authority to discuss the question, and he transmitted the message to Rome. Soon after- wards he received a despatch from the Minister of War there (which he took care to communicate to his troops, to encourage them), which stated that " the French Embassy at Rome bad been in- formed that the Emperor Napo- leon had written to the King of Piedmont, declaring that if he attacked the Papal States he would be opposed by him by force (col/a forza)." It turned out, how- ever, that tho important words u by forco " were an interpolation of the Minister of War, and this afterwards led to an angry corre- spondence on the subject between that Minister and the Due de Graromout, the French Ambassa- dor at Rome.*
To increase tho difficulties of his position, General Lamoriciere found himself suddenly almost without funds. A sum of 20,000/., which had been sent by the Pope to A noon a, to bo reserved for some great emergency, had disappeared. It had been spent on ordiuary pur- poses— nobody seemed to know how, for no accounts were kept of
* Wc are U»unl to aay that the Mini.-tcr <>f War uiijtht well lie excused f'.r thinking that he pave faithfully the nit.inin^ of tht« French Kiujvror ; for thv t«-k'kT*phi«'<le">patch which the Doe tie (rrtnimont bent to the French Consul at Aii'>>na wan in the following wonl»: — "Thf Kiii|n*rur haa mitten fnun Mar- -rill*-* t<> th<* Kinjj <>f Sjmlinia, that if the IV-Iiih rit«*w tr^oj* i^netrate into the r<>ntifi<*al tfrtit'iric*, h<* fthoubl l< ohliged t.i «.f.|»«i' tlutn. oplen Law already Im« ii p*>-ti to t-mhark tn«-if» at Tonloo :.i I ih»- ■■• ninfiTO'int i»t* will arrive iiuii'xliut* It. Tl •■ itt»%fninifiit of the Ki'iiT'-r will D"t tuli-rate the ml|*hlc a.*.*i«-^i"n of the fonlinian (iorcra* bici.l."
Italy.]
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[231
the extension of the movement to the neighbouring provinces. The intimato connection which exists between the inhabitants of the Marches and l'mbria, ami those of the provinces annexed to the States of the King, and rea- sons of order and security in his own territory, lay I lis Majesty's Government under tho necessity of applying, an far as in its power, un immediate remedy to such evils. King Victor Km man u el's conscience does not permit him to rrnmin u passive spectator of the bloody repression with which the arms of the foreign mercena- ries would extinguish every mani- festation of national feeling in Italian blood. No Government has the right of abandoning to the will and plea mi re of a horde of boldiers of fortune the property, the honour, and lives of the inha- bitants of a civilized count rv.
" For these reasons, after having applied to ilis Majesty the King, my august Sovereign, for his order*. 1 have the honour of signi- fying to vour Kminence that the KingH troops are charged t«> pre- \iiit, in the name of the rights of humanity, the Poiititicul merce- nary corps from repressing by \iolcncu the expression of tht* sentiments of tho people of the Murches and l'mbria. I have, moreover, the honour to invito your Kxcellency. for tho reasons above explained, to give immediate orders for the disbunding and dis- solving of those corps, th«- cxisl- * ure of which is a im nuco to the pi arc i if Italy."
T<> this demand Cardinal Autu- nelli r< plied with umihbui ruble fui« t, aftrr dinging thut tht* dis- order which hud tuki u place in the Slates of the Holy See wcro attri buUtbl© to the Poutihcal trooj* :«—
*' Your Excellency concludes your painful despatch by inviting me, in the name of your Sovereign, to immediately order the disarming and disbanding of tho said troops. This invitation was accompanied by a sort of menaco on tho part of Piedmont in ease of refusal, to prevent the action of the said troops by means of the lloyal troops. This involves a quasi injunction which I willingly ab- stain from qualifying. The Holy See could only repel it with indig- nation, strong in its legitimate rights, and appealing to the law of nations, under the wgis of which Europe has hitherto lived, whatever violence the Holy See may be ex]K>scd to suffer, without having provoked it, and against which it is my duty now to protest energetically in the name of ilis Holiness."
Count Cavour took a more de- fensible ground of interference in a circular which he issued on the 12th of September to the diplo- matic agents of his GoNomment, and in which he alleged as the reasou tho danger to the North of Italy arising from the events that were passing in the Papal States. Ho said : —
" Uy the cries of the insurgents of the Marches and of l'mbria the whole of Italy has been moved. No power can prevent thousands of Italians from rushing from the centre and from the North of the Peninsula to the aid of their bro- thers threatened with disasters similar to those of Perugia.
"If tho Government of the King remained j«assive amid this universal emotion, it would place ii -i It in direct opposition to the nut ion. The generouh outburst which tho eveuta of Naples and of Sicily have produced in the
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tfNUAL REGISTER, 1800. [haty. degenerate at Perugiu, which Mas commanded by , into disorder." General Schmidt, a Swiss officer jail Ilia command in the service of the Pope, wbo ;so forces called hud made himself infamous by the :upation of the murders committed there by his bria, and on the troops, when he occupied it after r he concentrated an abortive attempt at insurrec- uuder General tion by the inhabitants last year. frontier of the After a few shots from the Pied' mother division, montese batteries, Perugia surreu- iliaRocca, on the dered, and the garrison, a mount- ia, in Arezzo and ing to 1700 men, became prison- XO, On the eve ers of war. On the 15th Foligni tiing Victor Era- was taken possession of by Ge- pruclamation to ncral Delia Rocca, while General .■h he said : — Lamoriciere, who had conceu- 'ou are about to trnted there a force of between es and I'mbria, BOM and 9000 men, retired upon ish civil oider in Macerala, with the view of pro- lesolated by mis- tec ting Ancoua. A moveable co- tot be people the lumn was now detached against ssing their owu Spoletn, which was garrisoned by nol fight Against a body of Papal troops, including |
Itnl9.]
HISTORY.
[2S3
to a brilliant and decisive en- gagement on the 18th. On the morning of that day a strong column, led by General de Pi mo- dan, a young French officer of noble family, who had devoted his sword to the service of the Pope, attacked the advanced position of the Piedmontese, near the con- fluence of the Musone with the Aspeo. In his despatch, giving an account of the battle. General Fanti thus describes what followed :—
"The columns of General Pi- modan were driven back by a vigorous charge with the bayonet; the new and repeated attacks of that general, anxious to regain the west, which commanded the posi- tion, were foiled by the steadiness of our people, and when other columns led by Lamoriciere him- self advanced deep and strong upon tho disputed point between Upper Santa Casa and Lower Santa Casa, they sgain met with a re- sistance equal to the onset ; in the meanwhile, General Cialdini, always on his guard, bringing forth fresh troops, disheartened and drove back the enemy in every direction. These fought despe- rately, and defended themselves with dogged obstinacy in the farmhouses ; but, pressed upon beyond the right bank of the Mu- sone, and eagerly pursued by our people, who took 400 prisoners, they were compelled to retire in disorder upon Loretto, leaving on the battle - field their artillery, their ammunition carts, arms, and knapsacks without end, which had l)«*eu thrown away by their soldiers in their flight, as well as all their deiid and wounded, among the lat- ter General Pituodau. in a dying state."
During the contest, a body of troop* from the garrison of Ancona,
about 4000 strong, made a sortie, but was bravely repulsed; and General Lamoriciere, at the close of the day, seeing that all was lost, abandoned the field, and accompanied only by a few horse- men, fled by the road along the shore, and succeeded in reaching Ancona. The remains of his army retired upon Loretto, where next day, being surrounded" on all sides, they laid down their arms, — and, with the exception of the garrison in Aucona, tho Papal Go- vernment had not a soldier in arras in either Umbria or the Marches. Ancona was imme- diately invested both by sea and land, the naval forces being com- manded by the Sardinian Admiral Persano ; and after a vigorous bom- bardment, it surrendered ou tho 29th of September, the conditions being that the garrison, after leav- ing the place with the honours of war. should lay down their arms and constitute themselves prison- ers of war. General Fanti said, in his official report to King Victor Emmanuel : —
14 With the place there fell into our power 154 pieces of artillery, among which were two field bat- teries, with all their equipment of chariots, Ac, and ammunition, 180 horses, 100 oxen, 250,000 miria- grams of flour, 25.000 rations of forage, provisions of all kinds, two steamers, two trabaccoli (coasting vessels), coal-stores, clothing, arms, and 4,125.0<>0f.
••The fall of Ancona terminated this short campaign, but no less glorious for your Majesty's army. In 1M days we wou the places of Pesaro, ('rhino. Perugia, Spoleto, San I*eo. and Ancona. There fell into our hands 2b field-pieces, 100 pieces of wall-artillery, 20,000 muskets, more than 500 bones.
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. rjei/y. to 18,000 prison- himself in a situation lo cope with lemy's generals." Austria, fighting in n just eauae to le, on the 31st of maintain her violated territory, and n Russell, as Fo- resture her military honour. Tho addressed a de- only chance which Sardinia could ices Hudson, our have in such a contest would be in, hi which he the hope of bringing France into ed any attack by the field and kindling a general tia. He said : — war in Europe. But let not Couut that no such at- Cavour indulge in so pernicious a ado by an army delusion. The Great Powers of ent of the King Europe are bent on maintaining ;s also clear that peace, and Great Britain kits in- the King of Sur- Uresis in the Adriatic irkieh Her use for violating Majesty's Government must u-atch inch so recently with careful attention.'" .tilied. Tlio King The hist sentence, which we have ree to refuse the placed in italics, suggests a reason Villafranca and which might will have been spared, -ich, but, having for if it meant anything it said 1U0 the war, and that the selfish policy of England i Royal word to would lead her to d i ^c o on te nance U friendship with uny attempt to free Veil e tia from . at liberty tu sut tin.' Austrian vnko. Uyau^c her own |
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[236
arms to the people of the Roman and Neapolitan States? There appear to have been two motives which have induced the people of the lloman and. Neapolitan States to join willingly in the subversion of their Governments. The first of these was, that the Governments of the Pope and the King of the Two Sicilies provided so ill for the administration of justice, the pro- tection of personal liberty, and the general welfare of their people, that their subjects looked forward to the overthrow of their rulers as u necessary preliminary to all im- provement in their condition.
•• The second motive was, that a conviction had spread since the year 1*4", that the only manner in which Italians could insure their independence of foreign control was by forming one strong Govern- ment for the whole of Italy. The struggle of Charles Albert in 1M*. nnd the sympathy which the present King of Sardinia has shown for the Italian cause, have naturally caused the association of the name of Victor Fanmanucl with the single authority under which the Italians aspir*' to live.
" liking at the question in this view, Her Majesty's Government must admit that the Italians them- helves are the best judges of their own interests.
••That eminent juri>t Vattel, when discussing the lawfulness of the assistance given by the I'uitcd Provinces t<» the Prinze of Orange when ho invaded England and overturned the throne of James II.. savs:-— •The authority of the PritK-r of < )range hail doubtless an intlut ore on the deliberate mi of tin* States-General, but it did not lead them to the commission of an act of injustice, fur when a people for good resaoua take up arms
against an oppressor, it is but an act of justice and generosity to assist brave men in the defence of their liberties.'
*• Therefore, according to Vattel, the question resolves itself into this — Did the people of Naples and of tho lloman States take up arms against their governments for good reasons?
••Upon this grave matter Her Majesty's Government hold that the peoplo in question are them- selves the best judges of their own affairs. Her Majesty's Govern- ment do not feel justified in de- claring that the people of South- ern Italy had not good reasons for throwing off their allegiance to their former governments; Her Majesty's Government cannot, there- fore, pretend to blame the h'iny pj Sardinia for atsirtuuj them."
A Conference took place in the month of Septeml»er, at Warsaw, between the Emperor of Austria, tho Kmperor of Russia, and the Regent of Prussia, at which wo believe tho following questions wrrr nut on behalf of Austria to the other two Powers : —
Will Russia and Prussia recog- nize the facts which liave been or may be accomplished in Italy ?
Should Austria be attacked by Sardinia, and the latter be sup- ported by another great Power, what would be their attitude ?
In the event of another war, and of its being transferred to any part of the territory of the Ger- manic Confederation, what would Prussia do?
The proceedings of the Confer- ence were not made publie, but it led to no definite result, for both Ilutnia and Prussia refused to give to Austria any pledge of material eup|K>rt in case Venetia weras*. tacked.
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NNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [/,„/,,. i Ministry was the principles we uphold, and jtaiu au authori- would deprive us of the sympathy fits policy from, of those Stales which ground ihcir the Chambers policy on Liberal principles, in mo tied to meet "We view daily, and certainly jginning of Octo- not with indifference, the sorrows 0 authorize the of the Venetian people : we do snt to accept the not forget their cause, but we le revolted tcrri- think we can Lest serve it by con- 1 Stales and the stitniing a strong Italy. For we rwo Sicilies, but hold firmly, that no sooner shall re a vote of con- we have attained this object, than Cabinet of Count the general opinion of nations and opening of the Cabinets, which is now opposed lo BOB projlt tfo lei, a venturous enterprise, will show ingle article, was itself favourable to that only solu- tion of the Italian question which nc-ut of the King will for ever close the era of wars accept and esta- and revolutions in the South of ■erees the onneia- Europe. if those provinces " \Ve arc equally convinced that Southern Italy in supreme reasons lay upon us the ion, by direct and obligation of respecting the city |
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[237
brow of our country a stain which long centuries of suffering would not efface."
Afterwards, with reference to the rumour that France would demand a fresh cession of territory from Sardinia, in consequence of the extension of her domiuious in the centre and south of Italy, Count Cavour said : —
" I shall not here repeat the declarations lately made, that no word occurred about such a cession, either officially or offi- ciously, either in writing or by word of mouth, directly or indi- rectly ; but, setting aside the ques- tion of fact to come to that of pro- bability, I thiuk it strange that, in order to guard against a dimi- nution of territory, one may wish to prolong the division of Italy, and to foster its dissensions. Let us make the annexation, and the cession of any part of Italy will become impossible ; let us make the annexation, and the prece- dent of the treaty of the 21th of March will never be quoted against us ; for the great principle of national it v, the corner stone of our political edifice, can never be invoked for the cession of a portion of our territory ; it could not be in- voked in consideration of immense sacrifices in men and money. Let the annexation be made, and this demand would no longer be mado tu a |«uple of 5.<H!n,un<>. but it *ould Ik) made to the great Ita- lian nation, a compact and strung mu-n of v:-4.oOO.iMio freemen."
It would be to little puqmso t<> detail at length the inci- dents of tiaribaMi'a dictatorship at Napli-s. It was a |M*riud of con- fusion, in which numerous parties were engaged in a feverish hi niggle fur prt-doiniuaiice ; and the |»ulicy of Garibaldi vacillated between
them until it became extremely difficult to ascertaiu what his real views and intentions were. His first act was to commit the Nea- politan fleet to the Sardinian Ad- miral Persano, in the name of King Victor Emmanuel, and he issued a proclamation calling upon the Italians to join him in expelling the stranger from Rome and Veue- tiu — heading, however, it and all his decrees with the words " Italy and Victor Emmanuel.1' lie formed a ministry consisting of men of extreme republican opinions, such as \)c Boni,Libertini,Conforti,and liainieri, aud appointed Mordini Pro-Dictator of Sicily, and Sirtori Pro-Dictator of Naples. He ap- pointed M. Dumas, the French no- velist, Director of Fine Arts, with a special commission to superin- tend the excavations at Pompeii. A decree was issued conferring a pension upon tho family of Agesilao Milutio, the Neapolitan soldier who attempted, in the ranks, to assassi- nate the late King of Naples, and was executed for the crime.* By another decree, all the archiepis- copal and episcopal funds were declared to be national property, but provision was made for a State payment to the prelates. In the mi. Idle of September Garibaldi hastened to Palermo to repress any attempt to declare immediately in favour of annexation to Pied- mont, and in a speech he there made, he said: —
** Those who wished to urge you to a speedy annexation were putting you to the wrong path. If I had followed their ad\ice I should uot h:ive crossed the Straits and re- stored Mc\en millions of men to Italy. They would have prostrated us at the feet of diplomacy, which
' Sw vm|. v iiii. |». W7
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [red,. d us hand and think — every man who is Italian uld have been for ihe sake of Italy." the Vulturnus Mazzini also wits at Naples, and rankles. People his presence tended to produce ink you in the plots and complications. The Mar- your resistance, quia Pallaviciui,who hadsucceeded dor Emmanuel : Sirtori as Pro -Dicta tor, called upon ter friend than Mazzini to retiro from Naples, on Emmanuel, the the ground that, as the representa- Italy. You de- live of the republican principle, be ?ls, and I thank caused embarrassment to the Go- incible people of vernment atid danger to the na- tion. Mnz7.ini ivfused to go, and hand, Garibaldi appealed to Garilieldi, his old poli- ples lo Slaliilo. tical associate. Garibaldi stood by trior which had his friend, and in consequence King Charles Pallavicini and his colleagues in ijecta in March the ministry resigned. The popu- it indispensable lace, however, shouted " down with as " (be funda- Maz/ini." and Pallavicini resumed 10 Italian mon- office. The state of confusion which at i" parly viewed this period prevailed at Naples is |
fftily.]
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[280
tumult shall effect nothing. When you have anything to Bay to me send me a commission. 1 desire neither marquises nor priuces; sufficient for me are men of good hearts, even though clothed with a jacket. The cry of ' Death ' was raised against this and Against that man, aud against my friends. The Italians ought not to cry ' Death/ except against the stranger, and among themselves all should be respected and loved, since all con- cur in forming the liberty of Italy."
On the K'th of October the Dictator issued the following de- cree : —
•• To-morrow Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, the elect of tho nation, will break down the fron- tier which has divided us for so inanv centuries from the rest of our country, and, listening to tho unanimous voice of that brave people, will Appear among us.
•• lA*t us worthily receive the Kent of Providence, aud scatter in hi*> path, as the pledge of our re- demption and of our affection, the (lowers of concord— to him so grateful, and to us so necoMiry. No more political colours, no more parties, no n;<>re discords ! Italy one, as the people of this metro- polis wisely determine, and the King fiulantuunio. are the eternal symbols of our regeneration, and of the grandeur and the prospe- rity of the roiintrv. '
And on the Kith another decree nppi ir»-d. tlited "Ca-rrfa." in wLifh h«* *:iid that "to sat i-fv a
•
%\ i - • i ch- n-hi .1 1'V the wh -de na-
■
th'Ii. ill'1 '!'«■» Sieilifn. \S llli'li h:i\e h« eit redeemed by Italian Mi •! i. sir i I wh;eh hn\e freely «le«-;«-it it..- tii'-ir lhetutur form an intfgr.il part «»f one and in- divisible llalv under her consti-
tutional King, Victor Emmanuel, and his descendants.
M On the arrival of the King I will depose in his hands the dic- tatorship conferred upon me by the nation/1
Before, however, we relate the entry of the Piedmontese army into the Neapolitan territory, we must mention the success of Gari- baldi as a soldier against the Royal- ist army. That army was in force along the line of the Vol- turno, of which we borrow the fol lowing description from a contem- porary jo urna I : —
" About ;J5 miles to the north of Naples runs down to the sea one of the greatest rivers in the Neapolitan continent, the Vol turno. Coming from the heart of the Abruzzi down in a southerly direc- tion, it takes about the height of Alife (tho old Alifa of the Sam- nitesj a sudden bend to the south- east, skirts the group of tho Moutc Mutise, and then turns near Cajazzo, another Samnite town, to the soulh-west. and Hows through the plains of the Cam- pania into the sea. A couple of unlet from its entrance into the plain lies the fortress of Capua, which is the great centre of the chief roads from north to south. This river line has been chosen by tho Nea|M)litans as their line of defence."
<>ji tho lht of October Gari- baldi defeated the Royalist army in au engagement which lasted the whole dav, and whirli received the name of the Rattle of the Voltunio. At daybreak the Nea- politan troops, uud'T the command of the Kmjj in per-iun, left Capua in time ruluum**, one of which attacked Santa Maria, and another San Augelo, while the third ad- vanced agaiust the line of com-
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [Imty. en those points, back the volunteers uulil the re- iced posts of the serves come up, and the battle was intn Maria were vigorously contested for some hours, id the Royalists when the Royalists began to give the streets, from way, and at last broke in hasty re- a with difficulty treat, and retired behind the Vol- ■eated charges of turuo and into the fortress of it San Angelo, Capun after sustaining heavy loss. ?tinate resistance It was computed that the Royalists de of the division mustered in this engagement not ci Ihey were niv fewer than 80,900 men, while the v impression, but volunteers under i!uriliahli did not lie line they drove exceed half Unit number. |
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[241
CHAPTER X.
ItaLT continued. — Proclamation of King Victor Emmanuel to the People of Southern Italy — The Piedmontese Army enters the Ahruzzi '—Defeat of the Neapolitan Royalists by General Cialdini — Meeting of King Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi —The Royalist Army retires behind the Garigliano —Investment of Gaeta and surrender of Capua — Interference of the French Emperor — Occupation of Roman terri- tory l>y the French — Incident at Viterbo —Entry of the King of Sardinia into Naples —Garibaldi retires to Caprera—His last Procla- mation to his Soldiers — Reactionary attempts in the Neapolitan territory.
Spain and Morocco. — Causes which led to a war between these two countries — General O'Donnell, at the head of the Spanish Army, lands in Africa — Stipulations insisted upon by the British Government — Final defeat of the Moors at Tetuan — Treaty of Peace — Carlist attempt at Insurrection — Renunciation of claims to the Spanish Crown by the Comte de Montemolin — Subsequent revocation by him of that act.
Austria. — Imperial Patent constituting an enlarged Reichsrath — Mani- festo of the Emfxror of Austria, and Imperial Diploma establishing a new Constitution — Autograph letters of the Emperor to the great Functionaries of State.
Syria — Massacre of Christians by the Druses in the towns of the 1 ^Miwn — Disgraceful conduct of the Turkinh authorities — Scenes at ZaUh and Deir-el-Kammar — Outrages and Massacre at Damascus — Convention by the Western Powers as to interference in Syria — De- parture of Ftench Troops for the Eati —Vigorous conduct of Fund Pasha im punishing the guilty - Apjwintment of Lord Dufferin as British Commissioner in Syria.
KING Victor Emmanuel issued a proclamation, addressed to •'the People of Southern ltalj," and dated " Ancona, Octoher Qt" in which he thu* justified the inva- sion of the Papal territories, and the immediate entry of bis troops on Neapolitan soil: —
" 1 have eaused mr soldiers to enter the Marches and Umbria in onlrr to disperse that medley of per-
Vol. CU.
sons of all nations, and of nil Ian* gunges, who were assembled there— a novel and strange form of foreign intervention, and the worst of all.
" 1 have proclaimed the Italy of the Italians, and I never will per- mit Italy to become a nest for cot* mopolito sects, who might gather there to concert plans of reaction or universal demagog?.
'• IVopIc of Booth Jul?, iHJ
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ANNUAL REGISTER, 18G0. [fcifrl i^r imoagst you to waa marching at the head of hia r; I am not coming army upon the line of the Vol- ill upon you, but turtio. Their first interview took ours be respected, place between Teono and Speran- »t it freely. Pro- zano on the 2otb of October, and protects the just a picturesque account of it appeared ire the votes which in the .foimiui dt't Debuts, which ia o (he urn. What- worth quoting: — s gravity of events, •• Seeing th* red shirts, the King ones* the judgment took a glass, and having recog- irope and that of tiized Garibaldi, gave hia horse a o I am conscious touch of the spur and galloped to ing my duties aa a meet him. At ten paces distant, Italian. the officers of the King and those my policy perhaps of (jaribuldi shouted, ' Vira Victor iout its use, by re- Kmmanuel ! ' Garibaldi made an- irogress of peupies other step in advance, raised hia :y of monarchs. In cap, and added, in a voice which lat 1 close the era (rambled with emotion, ■ King of Italy! ' Victor Emmanuel raised ivs afterwards, the his hand to hia cap, and then irmy crossed the stretched out his hand to Garibaldi, ? Abruz/.i. and took and with equal emotion replied, |
M9]
HISTORY.
[2-13
of the Piedmontese, and, in order to e.tca|*, they crossed the frontier into the Papal territory, close to Terraciua.
The investment of Gaeta by land was soon complete, and the place must have quickly fallen if the Sardinian:* had blockaded and attacked it by sea. But this they were not allowed to do. The French Emperor interfered to give the King of Naples a chance of escape. His avowed reason, as stated by M. Thouvencl to Kurl Cowley, our ambassador at Paris. was " to give the King the oppor- tunity of making an honourable capitulatiou, and of saving His Majesty from becoming the pri- soner of the King of Sardinia."
Perhaps, also, he wan not with- out hopes that, by prolonging the struggle, something might liuppcu fatountMe t» dvna*tic views for the family of Nucleoli in the South of Italy. A French squad- ron, under the command of Admi- ral du Tinan. wu* anchored in the middle of the maiUtead in front uf (iaeta, and the Picduioiitt-se tied did not approach ne«rer than the m<»uth uf tho Garigliuuo. The cotitt'tjui'iice wax, that Gaetu was only invented on the laud aide, and a tedious siege commenced, leading to useless bloodshed, which ucvu- pied the re*t of the year withuut any definite result.
In the meantime, the French army of occupation st Itume had bi'tii largely reinforced. Gencnil de Gi-voii. who had quitted Home to enter the {tentorial sen ice of the Kiuji-ror, was ordered to return and ri'Htiinc the command. Within a certain radius frum tin* Kterual City the Pied mon te<iC troop* were obliged to stop short, utile** they wi*h*'d to cotno into collision with French hayouets. Civile Veccl -ii.
Corneto, Ronciglione, Tivoli, Al- bano, Frascati, Velletri, and many other towns, even as far south as Terracina, were occupied by the French, and as an example of the kind of interference with tho wishes of the inhabitants which this occasioned, and the spirit of opposition which it pro- voked, we will mention what hap- pened at Viterbo.
This town had in September declared for Victor Emmanuel, and a commission was sent to go- vern it provisionally in the name of the king ; there was no di^turb- ance of the public peace, for tho inhabitants were unanimous. Sud- denly, on the 7 th of October, General de Govon, the French
•
Commandant at Rome, sent 11 message to the Gonfaloniere of Viterbo, announcing that a column of French troops was about lo enter tho town, and requesting hi in to take measures for pro- curing quarters for the force. To this mesMige the Gonfaloniere re- turned the following significant reply : —
- M. lo General, — The Muni- cipal Commission of this tnwu. of which 1 have tho honour to be president, is disagreeably surprised at the receipt of your conitnutiica tioii that a column of French troops it coming here. Helving on the a>suruiii'c of your Emperor that no intervention would take place in Italy, we pn^ljiimed i he Go- vernment of King Wtor Km- nmnuel. the friend and the ally of France. His Majesty ncnt a Coin- misfciouor to g«»em u*. and we have maintained the most perfect order with tho unanimout consent of all the citizens. Person* and pm|*rty were never so secure hero a» they have been since the instal* luti 'ii of the King* Government,
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ANNUAL REGISTER 1800. [jMy oii5i'iMitk>usly say pntron sniut. St. Januarius, was not ibled. If, however, blood liquefied in the usual orlho- eneral, should be dux manner. The King nppointed ttimoi change your Siguor Furini bia Lieutenaut- you will not meet Governor for the Neapolitan pro- Bst resistance, but viiiecs; and lie formed au ad- :he town deserted, ministration consisting of SS. ire ns that you will Vemimiglia, I'isi'melli, 1'oerio, Sci- by tlie reaction. 1 wloin, and others, entire municipality Garibaldi did not remain in the :••. of safety, as will territory which he had added to ilizens, «ho almost llie Crown of Sardinia. He quitted prosecution by the Naples for the Island of Caprera ment." on the 9lh of November, two days ining of November afier Victor limmimuel entered it. whether the people Tbo exact cause of this abrupt de- nn kingdom wished jarturo is not yet known ; hot it e and indivisible, appears that Garibaldi and the unamiel as Cousti- King, or the Kiug's advisers, dif- •saa decided by nil fered, as it was natural they should ersnl suffrage, and differ, ne to the policy to be adopt- 1,802,064 in the ed in several points, one of which |
Spain and Morocco] HISTORY.
[2-15
1861, and February, if necessary, will find us all at our post. Italians of Calutafimi, of Palermo, of the Vol tun io, of Ancona, of Caatd- Jidardo, and of Iscruia, nnd with us every man of this laud who is neither servile nor a coward — all, one and all — gathered closely round the hero of Palostro, we will give the last shock, the last blow to the cmiiihlitig tyranny."
Our next volume will relate how far this warlike prophecy has been fulfilled.
We ought to mention that seve- ral reactionary attempts took placo in the Neapolitan territory before the close of the vear— chieflv in the Abru/./i — where the disbanded soldiers of the Koval armv, insti- gated by priestly influence and Bourbon intrigues. committed many acts of outrage, which were, how- ever, speedily and effectually re- pressed.
SPAIN AND MOKOCCO.— In the year I Kit), a war broke out tat ween Spain and Morocco under the following circumstances : — The Spaui'di Crown possesses se- vend places on the north coast of Africa. Midi as (Villa, Mel ilia. Al- huccni.is, ami Kl IViiou. in the neighbourhood of which is the restless and predatory tribe of the K'tlnlas of An«»heia. who made fn-«|uent incursioiiMiito the Spanish territory, the consequence ol whirh was <'ulh?*ioii with the garrison of CVnta, and ill feeling arose be- tween the two Governments of Spain and Morocco. Spain sought to make the Moors rcs|ioiisiblc fur th* -e attacks, and in the coui>e of 1NM), satisfaction was demanded from the Kmperor of Morocco, who yield* d on all point-*, and the caute of quarrel seemed ft) be at an cud. A cess iuii of territory in
the neighbourhood of Ceuta was, however, ufterwards claimed by Spain, on the ground that it was necessary for the protection of that fortress. This demand was also complied with, but. on attempting to settle the boundary of the ceded territory, it was found that Spain demanded more than the Moorish Government was prepared to grant. The result was. that negotiations were broken oflf. and Spain de- clared war against Morocco in the month of October, 1859.
General O'Donnell took the com maud of the Spanish army, which crossed over into Africa, and hostilities immediately com- menced. Several engagements took place, in which the Moors fought bravely, but success was almost uniformly on the side of the Spaniards.
In the meantime, the Hritish Government had insi>ted that, whatever might be the result of the war, Spain should not acquire any permanent accession of ter- ritory on the African coast, which might endanger the security of Gibraltar, which commands the passage of the Straits. In par- ticular, it was intimated that if Tangier were occupied by the Spanish troops during the con- tent, we could not permit the occu- lta: ion to be prolonged after the close of the war. The Spani>h Foreign Minister. M. Calderou Col- lantes, promised on tho part of his Government that Spain "would not take possession of any |K>int on the Straits, the jHisitiou of which might give her a Miperiority threat- ening to the navigation/' With this assurance the British Govern- ment was satisfied, and remained perfectly neutral during the war that followed.
We do not propose to give a
Anuria ]
HISTORY.
[247.
44 That mission is accomplished. Two battles and twenty-three com- bats, iu which you have invariably conquered a numerous, valiaut, and fanatical enemy, taking from him his artillery, tents, ammuni- tion, and baggage, have revenged the outrage oliered to the SpuuUh IUg."
A stupid and utterly futile at- tempt at au insurrection was made by the Comte de Moiitemolin ami his brother iu Aiiril this year. General Ortega, the Commander of tho Balearic Isles, ordered his troojw to embark without com- municating to them the purpose of the voyage, and on their land- ing near Tortosa told them that his object was to proclaim the Comte de Munlemolin and subvert tho existing Government. The troops refused to follow him. and Ortega took to flight, but was soon overtaken, and afterwards tried and executed. The two Carlist princes, the Comte do Monteinolin and his brother, who had accoin-
I tauied hnn. were al*o arrested, ait were afterwards reltased and allowed to quit the kingdom alter a solemn act of renunciation of nil pretension* to the throne of Spain had been ngtied by tiiem at TortONa on the %!.*ini of April.
Notwithstanding this, the Comte il»> Mi.iiteniolm had the audacity — or we ought rather to call it the effmnterv — afterwards to n-tnke his niiuiiriiitioii. and in tin* m< n:h of .June be forwarded from Cologne, in a letter to the t^uceti, the follow- ing extraordinary document: —
" Considering that the Act of TurtONi. of the 9-\n\ of April, of tin- present year ilMin.. is the result of e\« eptioiial and extraordi- nary circumstance* :
"That, meditated iu a prison, and signed at a uioim ni wluii all
communication was forbidden us, it possesses none of the conditions required to render it valid ;
** That consequently it is null aud illegal, and cannot be rati- fied ;
•< That the rights of which it treats can only profit the persona who hold them from the funda-- mental law from which they ema- nate, and who are called by the aforesaid law to exercise them ac- cording to their rank, and when the moment has arrived ;
" Iu consequence of the advice of competent lawyers whom wo have consulted, aud the disappro- bation which our best servants have frequently expressed,
** We retract the said Act of the °.:)rd of April of the present year 1800, and declare it null as if it had never been executed.
"Given at Cologne, tho 1 5th of June, 1M50.
"Carlo Lt is dk Boirhon kt i»k Bha<.anza, Comte
DE MoNTLMUl.IN."
AUSTRIA. — The most import- ant events in the history of Austria this year were the enlargement of the numbers and powers of the llfichsrath or Council of the Em- pire, and the promulgation of a new Constitution.
By au Imperial Patent of the Mh of March, the Ktnperor fixed the uumLcr of Keich»rath at M) members, to consist of the follow- ing persons : — 1. Archdukes, in em- 1*18 of the Imperial house. 2. Some of the higher ecdeaiiastical dignitaries. H. Some persous who iu the civil and military sen ice, or in another may. have distin- gui*»h<-d themselves. 4. Thirty -eight niemU'rs of the representations of the different provinces.
The Patent stated that "
AMtria.]
HISTORY.
[240
claims of my countries and peoples with the actual necessities of the monarch j, and with full confidence in the matured judgment and pa- triotic zeal of my peoples, I leave it to them to develope and strengthen the institutions which have been given, or restored by me."
The provisions of the "Di- ploma " were the following : —
" 1. The right to issue, alter, and abolish laws will only be ex- ercised by us and our successors with the co-operation of the law- fully-assembled Diets, and respec- tively of the Keichsrath, to which body the Diettt wilt have to send l ho number of members fixed by us.
"2. The things to he "settled with the co-operation of the Keichs- rath are:— All legislative matters which relate to the rights, duties, and interests of our several king- doms and countries, such as the laws connected with the coinnge, currency, public credit, customs, and commercial matters. Further, the fundamental principles of a svstem for the establishment of hunks privileged to issue notes, and the legislation in respect to tin' pOHt-oflice, telegraphs, and railroad*. The manner of ma- naging the conscriptiuii for the armv will in futuro be discubsed with the Keichsrath, and the neces- sary arrange ii i cuts made, with its co-o|»eratiou, for settling the matter in a constitutional way. The Keichsrath will co-operate in the introduction of new taxes and im- posti*. iu raising the already exist- ing taxes and dues, and more par- ticularly in raising the price of salt. The lit i elm rath will also, in accordance with our resolution of July 17. IH'fO, cooperate in the making of new loans. Neither the cuiiicniiou uf already existing Stato debts, uor the sale, change.
or mortgage, of the real property of the State, can be ordained with- out the consent of the Keichsrath. The examination into and the set- tlement of the amount of the Budget for the coming year must take place with the co-operation of the Keichsrath, as must the examination into the State accounts and the results of the financial ad* ministratiou of each year.
"3. All matters of legislation which are not mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs will be ma- naged by the severul Diets; by the kingdoms and countries be- longing to the Hungarian Crown in the sense of their former con- stitutions, and in the other king- doms and countries in the sense of, and iu accordance with, the consti- tutional provincial statutes.
" However, as there are some matters of legislation iu those pro- vinces which do not belong to the Hungarian Crown— that are not within the exclusive, competence of the Keichsrath, and as such matters have for a long series of years been subjected to one com- mon treatment and decision v wo reserve to ourselves the right to treat them with the constitutional co-ujcmtion of the Keichsrath, but with the assistance of the Keichs- rwtliH of those provinces.
" A common treatment can also take place, even if the matters to be settled arc not within the ex- clusive competence of the Keichs- rath, should such be the wiah and express desire of one or other of the provincial Diets.
" 4. This oar Imperial Diploma shall at ooce be planed in tto ajw chives of oar kiagdooM oaf triee. and shall in im that tered in the mwioftbt aaibentie text, and i»* used in the
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1800. [i«i. in, our successors Lies having been abolished, the Imperial sjgna- principle tliat all classes without m, mid authentic difference of birth are entitled to le shall be sent serve the State and to possess real gdouis and conn- property having been introduced, ire to be entered viltmuige ami socage having been land." done away with, and the principle wed by twenty- that all Hungarians are equally >graphletlers,ad- bound to take up arms in defence y by theEmperor of the empire and to pay taxes ters of State, by having been recognized— that all inounced that he those classes of my subjects in the icrense the num- kingdom of Hungary which for- i be sent by the merly had no vote shall take part israth from SO to in the elections for the Diet." : others various And in another, addressed to raents were made the same nobleman, he said: — oj to be observed "As I, in an appendage to my was shadowed rescripts of (his day, have or- IW addressed to dained ihnt. the Hungarian shall be mperor said :— the officii*] and ' business ' language diploma for the of the judicial and political authc- intemal affairs rities in Hungary, I now direct |
fyrfe.]
HISTORY.
[251
kind of pressure to be used in re- gard to language, and will ener- getically oppose any attempt to make mischief between the dif- ferent nationalities."
With respect to Croatia and Sclavonic he declared : —
"The Croato-Sclavonic repre- sentation will, in accordance to orders to be issued by me, meet and take into consideration the question relative to the relations between Croatia and Sclavonia on the one side and Hungary on the other. The wishes and views of the Croato-Sclavonian representa- tion will be taken into considera- tion by me, and my decision made known."
The Hungarians, however, were not satisfied, and they still persist- ed in their demand* of— I . The restoration of thu Constitution, and the reunion of the Banut and Vuivodina with the present king- dom of Hungary; 2. The commit ion of the Kin|ieror at Pesth as King of Hungary ; and ft. The nomination bv the monarch of a Pu latino, who should be one <>f three persons chosen by the nation.
MASSACKK OF CHRIS- TIANS IX SYRIA. Frightful atrocities were committed this vear in Svrin, where a vast number of the Mnronite Christians were mas- sacred bvtheDruses. The animosity between the.se religionists was bitter and of long standing, nor is it easy to determine with whom the blame re Ms of giving the first provoca- tion which led to the deplorable catastrophe.
Lord Dum-riii. who was, an wo •■hall afterwards relate, appointed l»i iti-.1i ('ntntiiiHMniier iii Svriii, un I hail peeulinr iimiiiim of ascer- taining the truth, doe* not hesitate to i lung- tlii* Tmki b <io%< uiuiciil
with complicity in the outbreak. He says, in a letter to Sir H. Bul- wer, our Minister at Constanti- nople * : —
" There can be little doubt but that the late massacres, aud all the wars, quarrels, and disturbances which have agitated the Lebanon for the last fifteen years, may be attributed to the dissatisfaction of the Turkish Government with the partial autonomy it (the Lebanon) enjoyed. Their policy has been to prove the scheme adopted by the Great Powers in 1815 impos- sible. With this object, they stimulated, as occasion served, the chronic animosity existing between Maronites and Druses. In pro- portion as foreign influences exalt- ed the arrogance and fanaticism of the Christians, their independence became more insufferable to the Turks, aud a determination was arrived at to inflict on them, through the instrumentality of the Druses, a severer means of chastise- ment than thev had vet received."
Aud in another despatch ho savs : -
11 For some time pnM the Chris- tian population, already agitated bv the success of the an ti- feudal movement, and stimulated to fur- ther etVorts by the intrigues of their priesthood, had been long meditating an onslaught on the Druses, \\j,ich was eventually to end in the overthrow of Turkish authority in Li-lmnon. Tin* Turks, perceiving what was intended, and afraid prolmblv of using force to- wards the Christians, determined to chnstis** them through the in- strumentality of the Druses."
Karlv in May. a monk whs dis- cover* «j murdered in a convent,
• Sw pa|« r* r»*'|-"i*tii-1» <]i«Ttirl«nr*<4
• !l ■"''rii, Jiff » i.ti.*! t I ai\..lltr!.', iMil.
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NUAL REGISTER, 1800. [Sj,™. ped and tauti- went on lli.it dny through the city iible way. My and broke open and plundered ihe town, and their shops ; and all day hundreds he streets my of houses Men on fire, and, as far n pass, for the as I can learn, from 1000 to SOOO Hy piled up. Christians were bulchered on tluit examined had dity alone, with as little hesitation n each case wiw or remorse and as much esulta- her entirely or tiou as a sportsman shoots part- poor Wretch, iu ridges. It is true that great num- is, having in- hers of the Moslems did save the is arm to parry fleeing Christians and concealed t him. I saw them, but the mob of Moslems, not more than Kurds, Druses, and Arabs killed i old, stretched them wherever they found lliem, d old men with hiding or flying. Then multitudes hid in cellars, closets, presses, ivas threatened wells, &c, and the houses were and victorious burnt over their heads. How presence of nu many of them perished God alone icht iu the liar- knows. All the Christian quarter, e gun, is sup- except scattered houses adjoining more effect in the Moslems', is hurned.'and is a srthim^l^heljear^njTiins^YesKrdavj^^^^^ |
Syria.]
HISTORY.
[255
- The Consulates of France, Aus- tria, Russia, Holland, Belgium and Greece were destroyed, and their inmates took refuge in the house of Abd-el-Kader, who be- haved most nobly on the occasion, and sheltered about 1500 Chris- tians from the fury of the Assail- ants. For this conduct he after- wards received the thanks of the British Government.
At last, on the 1 1th, a body of 2IMH) Turkish troops left Bey- rout to march upon Damascus, which is distant 70 miles from that place, but before their arrival the work of devastation and murder had ceased.
In a letter from Mr. Consul Brant to Lord John Russell, dated " Damascus, July 10," ho said : —
" I dare not attempt to give any details of the destruction bv lire and pillage of the Christian quarter of Damascus, a citv of itself. Europe will be astonish* d to hear thut a Christian community has been attacked, and possibly a third part of the male p'tpulutiuii mas- sue red, with scitrct-ly an at tempt at resistance on their part, and a very feeble ctTurt on the part of
t«ry pTivat i-vuwrtti'in, *nd I nlmull pi.*-,- tin- m:ililiium At 4«"»0 ; fur. fn»in tli» U->t in!- nn:iti"ii I \m\v U*'li .iMr to • '.!!■.■! f r ••!!! ti ■:»!>) •"'iir.i', I ntr tin- rniiiii«r»! killfi|;it p.-ir <-l-KunHi*r. II1*'1 t-. 1 _'<"»: nt llv'-sa Hill ltt-}i*>a, 7'»'»; at Si I'tii. .'i.'im mi that in th«- tlirr*' tfvit in.-it** ri <• fr^iit J^jn in *j:i.'»o tiuil.- l«!l. At-*» - ,M rflni*«-«t wt-nr i-.il !•■ | i ■ ••» •■!! t*i- i:"tti »h'l '■'.]•: '>f M.iy, n ir l^jnnit. :ir i ii 1"«»«» iii'ir- t'lm-ti iii< «•*•• kilK'l in tKi* tillit..***, 1 f!i'«i;*l -\v titbit *.w
i|i;:t»- thf ituUl Ir ; hi tint ! «)i'»llM not !•■ in 'iiiif«i In tliiuL th^t iii'Tt' ihiit '.*b*w \\%\> vtuili> (t-ri-li '1 l<iit ;i.V»«» in lit- a ; mi I tli.-tt t. ki h a .T-at ■!<-•! "ut iif a |-»|.u- L:;-'ii »li<i*4 »li I* »'*»!th ad-I pmn|<rity <)• |h tfl» on itii iti'T.*\
the authorities to avert or arrest so awful a calamity.
44 The surprise will not be di- minished when it is added that this has occurred without any pro- vocation, in a time of peace, not by an irruption of tribes inimical or exasperated against the Christians, but by a portion of their fellow- citizens, apparently stimulated only by a fauatical hatred of the Christiana and by the lust of plunder
" The Pasha should be called on to explain why he was never seen without the walls of his Serai ; why the greater part of his troops were kept to defend his Excellency ; why no officer of rank ever headed his detachments of troops occasionally sent out ; why cannon sent to the Christian quar- ters to clear it of the plunderers were never used ; and, during the whole course of the massacre, why the troops tired but few shots, and tluw? mostly without effect."
The news of these events ex- cited the profoundest sensation in Western Europe, and especially in France, where the Emperor, obeying the national impulse, at once determined to send troops to Syria, But as such a measure, to prevent mi> interpretation as to French objects in the East, re- quired the concert of the great Powers, he applied to them to sanction the expedition. The ex- cuse was the apathy or inability of the Turkish (tovernment to put down the outbreak and puuish the authors of the massacre, and certainly the conduct of the Turk- ish authorities in Syria justified the interference.
A convention was accordingly agreed upon between Her Ma- jesty, the Emperors of Austria, Kustia, and France, the
Syrfe]
HISTORY.
fuiltj participators in the outrage. la left Constantinople early in July, and whatever doubts may have been entertained as to the complicity beforehand, of the Turk- ish Government in the attack upon the Christians, there can be none as to the zeal and sincerity with which Fuad Pasha accomplished his mission. At Beyrout he hanged and shot a great number of Mos- lems, and the following despatch, transmitted by him to Constan- tinople from Damascus, dated August 1th, will show the vigour with which he executed his task.
" Yesterday I arrested 330 per- sons guilty of having taken part iu the massacres. To-day the number of arrests exceeds 400. By the day after to-morrow, at the latest, the principal persons who are se- riously compromised will have been apprehended.
" Those who are found guilty, and condemned by the extraordi- nary commission I have already named, will be immediately exe- cuted."
The arrival of the French was viewed, as might be expected, with the utmost aversion by the Maho- metans, but with a general feeling of relief and sense of security by the Christian population, both Eu- ropean and native. By a later convention between the Great Powers, the stay of the French troops was agreed to be prolonged until the 5th of June, 186), to euable a plan to be formed for the organization of a Government of the Lebanon, and to secure the tranquillity of Syria. At the end of July, Lord Dufferin was ap- pointed to act as British Commis- sioner in Syria, in conjunction with commissioners on the part of France, Austria, Prussia, and Rus- sia. The object of the commission was to inquire into the origin of the disturbances and outbreak — to alleviate the sufferings and losses of the Christians, and make ar- rangements for the future adminis- tration of Syria, so as to prevent as far as possible a recurrence of similar calamities.
Vol. C1I.
[S]
CAim.]
HISTORY.
[2W
rcgim#nU volunteered to sen*, end proved to be most efficient soldiers. The French Emperor also zealou ply co-operated, and dispatched a strong body of troops, under Geueral Moutauban, to China with the Mime object. Baron Gro* was appointed the French Plenipotentiary to ac- company Lord Elgin, aud they proceeded ou board an English frigate, the Malabar, to China, but, stopping on their way out at Point de Gallc, in Ceylon, the ship mu ii|h»ii a reef of sunken rx ks in the harbour, and became a total wreck. So suddeu and unexpected \\a» the catastrophe, that the Uvea of the Ambassadors were in immi- nent danger, and many important paper*, beside* much valuable pro- perty, were lost.
Iu the mean lime an ultimatum, on the part of the Bruuh Govern- ment, luul been addressed, on the Stb of March, from Nhanghai, by Mr. Bruce, to the Chinese Ooveru- ment. requiring tlie immeduite aud uucoii-iilioual acceptance uf (lie following term* :
*' 1. That an ample and satis- factory apology be made f>r the act of the- troops who tired on the hliip« <>f Her Britannic Mnj«.»iy from the forts of Taku in .Juno la*t. and that all gun** and material, as well as tho >bip» abend- >ned on that occa»ioii. be reared.
■' U. That the ratification* of the Treaty of Tien-t»iu bo exchauged without delay at Pekiu ; that wheu tho Minister of Her Britannic Majt-ty proceeds to Pekiu fur thai purpose, he lie permitted to pro* cvad up the river by Taku to the city Tien-uiu in a British vessel ; and thai provision be made, by the Chinese authorities for the con- veyance of himhclf and of his suite with due honour from thai city to Pokis,
" 3. That full effect be siren to the provision* of the saii Treaty, including a satisfactory arrsri?e- ment to be made for prompt lay- men t of the indemnity *.-{ 4,n» •■».' » «* tael*. as stipulated in the Treaty, for lofcaes aud military espensee entailed on the J Smith Govern- ment, by the muT'induct of the Cunton authorities. "
It was also added, that in eontt- quence of the attempt made to ou- st ruct the passage of the Briluh Em baa* v to Pekio list rear, the uuder*tan']injr entered into be- tween the Earl ' f Elgin end the Imperial Coin mi*«io next in Oe- t-b'T. 1 *•'»", «w:h resj^'t to the residence of the Bntith Minuter in China, was at an end. end thst it re*trd. hf-nreforward. **ti«i»ife'v with Her Britannic Msjevty. ,u w - cordarj'.e with the tennn of Ar- ticle II. of the Treaty of "I ten tsin, Uj decide whether or not the tncuid initruct her Minister to take up hi*- abode permanently at Pekiu.
The French Government joined in Minil.ir demaii'i*.
T" this despatch an answer was relumed by th*- Chinese " Great tjoiiiit il." Haling that iu contents had occasioned I hem the greatest Astonishment. Thev **aid that the defences at Taku could not possibly be removed, aud that the demand for iudemuity and itiliiutjou was "yet mure against decorum." The war expenses of China had been enormous, and " were she to de* maud re(>eyment of England, Eng- land would find thai her expenses did not amount to the half of Umm of China."
The proposition with rami |» the possible rnoideun of ft Bffett
Miuieter at Pekia we* prer to be oven more n any of the other afloat the [S3]
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iNCAL REGISTER, 1860. Ckim*. l. ■-■..' tie rfi me. punt, shrub, at unw. amidst a scene i written rm this uf otter nuserr and desolation-' Bnnsii Ministerl We mar amotion as a carious B ■■niiuaae. tna illustration of oar anomalous posi- . euravagao: ■ far Oon villi wyi tt on tins Hmp discuss m pro- empire, that .a. tie i*liiof August m supertmaaily. a krg« bod* af the Toipog rebels, t must not be a) who have for ubt Tears kept op m. a war viu the Chinese Goxern- imorks will hare meat with cuaunlanhk swx-eaa. at- ed b » the Com- tucked Shanghai, in which a British British Mint*- iramaon bad been left by General 1 behove not w Sir H.>pe Gnat when he pro- lv tii his 9«o cewileii w the north. The attack doing, be sill was. of course, repulsed ; and no eh Double here- farther attempt was made. Bat it was a dngoiar fact, that wv sboeM 1 Baron Gras left at the same Moment hare to con- cm, aai armved tend against the Chinese Go»ero- tbe 2Ist»f Jane, meet, and a bod* of men, who tike without deljT to ourselves were in arms against thai jeaetalSirHjpe Government, and who, therefct*. |
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HISTORY.
[261
for the purpose of turning the left of the Tartar position. This column experienced the greatest difficult j in getting through the deep heavy ground, which extend- ed for more than two miles out of Pehtang, and considerably delayed the departure of the main column under Sir John Michel, which moved along the causeway leading directly from Pehtang to Sinho, and which was composed as fol- lows— viz.. the 1st Infantry Bri- gade, a company of Royal Engi- neers, an Armstrong battery. 1000 French Infantry, and a French battery, all under Brigadier Stave- ley. This was followed by the 2nd Infantry BriguJe, two 0- pounder butteries, and a rocket- buttery, succeeded by the main column of the Ftenrh.
•• On approaching th*» intrenched camp the Tartar cavalry moved rapidly down to attack Sir Hubert Napier, who was at this tiineuhout two miles and a half off, mi my right flunk. His report of that part of the engagement 1 beg to enclose.
'• Sir John Michel's dmsinn de- ployed at tin? same time in front of the enemy's works, and opened fire with Lieatcnant-Culonrl Bur- ry a Armstrong battery find Cup- tain Desborough's '.» pounders, a French battery being on the left. together with a French and an
battery. These Are
who had cat op a good number of the Tartar horsemen.
" The loss of the Chinese was about 100 men.
" On the 13th I reconnoitred the ground along the banks of the Peiho leading to Tangko, and fouud it tolerably firm, though intersected with creeks and ditches. I ordered these to be bridged during the night, and on the morn- ing of the 14th an allied force moved from Sinho towards Tang- ku, keeping their right flank on the bank of the river.
'• On arriving within a mile of Tangku, a battery and some junks on the right bank were silenced by two Armstrong and two 9- pounder gun* ; and a party of sailors, who hud been brought up for the pur- pose, crossed the river and burned the junks.
"The whole of the artillery was then advanced to within 600 vards of the entrenchment, and opened a heavy fire on the walls ; two French batteries deployed on our left, the enemy replying with ten or tuehe guns, and a brink lire of gingals and matchlocks. The artillery gradually advanced to within .'150 yards, and, the enemy s guns being silenced, a breueh was commenced, when a parage acros** the double wet ditch nits discovered at the livers edge by the 60th Kiile», and an entrance was effected, the Chinese retiring with great precipitancy. At the same time the French ad- vanced with great gallantry, and entered by the rn.iin gate, which Jiad b«en partially broken in by he artillery lire. The garrison 4 Tungku retreated, some into he North Forts and some tu:ro>* die rher to Tungku.
" 1 arn happy to buy that our in these two engagements
|
1NUAL REGISTER, 1860. [CMm. uswer concluded and water, destitute of tree, plant, shrub, or grass, amidst a scene i written on this of utter misery and desolation." British Minister) We may mention as a curious ts language, too illustration of our anomalous posi- extravagant (for tion with respect to this strange discuss its pro- empire, that on the 18th of August jan superficially, u large body of the Taiptng rebels, i must not be so who have for many years kepi up m. ft war with the Chinese Govern- jmarks will have meitt with considerable success, at- ed by tho Com- tacked Shanghai, in which a British British Minis- garrison had been left by General 1 behove not to Sir Hope Grant when he pro- ly to his own ceeded to the north. The attack doing, be will was, of coursd. repulsed; and no ich trouble here- further attempt was made. But it was a singular fact, that we should 1 Buroti Gros left at the same moment have to con- .-in, and arrmrd trnd u^iinst the Chinese Uovern- the iilst of June, nieut, and a body of men, who like without delay to ourselves were in arms against that Setters! Sit Hope Government, and who, therefore, |
Cfc~.]
HISTORY.
[261
for tbe purpose of turning the left of the Tartar position. Tliia column experienced tbe greatest difficulty in getting through tbe deep heavy ground, which extend- ed for more than two miles out of Feb tang, and considerably delayed the departure of the main column under Sir John Michel, which moved along the causeway leading directly from Pehtang to Sinho, and which was composed as fol- lows—viz., the 1st Infantry Bri- gade, a company of Royal Engi- neers, an Armstrong bat lory, 1000 French Infantry, and a French battery, all under Brigadier Slave- ley. This was followed by the 2nd Infantry Brigade, two 0- pounder batteries, and a rocket- battery, succeeded by the main column of the French.
11 On approaching the intrenched camp tho Tartar cavalry moved rapidly down (o attack Sir Itobert Napier, who « as at this lime about two miles and a half off, on my right flank. His report of that part of the engagement 1 beg to enclose.
- Sir John Michel's division de- ployed at the same time in front of the enemy's works, and opened fire will) Lieutenant- Col on el Bar- ry's Armstrong battery and Cap- tain Desborongli'H !■ ■ pounders, a French Lattery being on the lift, lugether with a French and an English rocket battery. These gum kept up such a heavy fire that the Tartars were unable to resist long, and tbey abandoned their works, being closely Followed into their second entrenched line at Smlio, which they were unable to dirfend, and nYd to Tangku.
' Tbe enemy's fune »«» com- poM-d principally of cavalry, and numbered about 4(100 men. At Sinho I was joined by Sir It. Na- pier's division, and the cavalry,
who had oat np a good number of the Tartar horsemen.
" The loss of the Chinese was about 1 00 men.
•'On the 13th I reconnoitred the ground along the banks of the Peiho leading to Tangku, and found it tolerably firm, though intersected with creeks and ditches. I ordered these to be bridged during the night, and on the morn- ing of the 14th an allied fores moved from Sinho towards Tang- ku, keeping their right flank on tlie hank of tho river.
" On arriving within a mile of Tangku, a battery and some junks on the right bank were silenced by two Armstrong and two 0-pounder guns ; and a party of sailors, who had been brought up for the pur. [>ose, crossed the river and burned l lie junks.
" The whole of the artillery was then advanced to withiu 600 yards of tbs entrenchment, and opened a heavy fire on the walls ; two French batteries deployed on our left, the enemy replying with ten or twelve guns, and a brisk lire of gin gal* and matchlocks. The artillery gradually advanced to within 350 yards, and, the enemy's guns being silenced, a breach was commenced, when a pa»*»ge across tbe double wet ditch was discovered at the rivers edge by the 60th Rifles, and an entrance was effected, tbe Chinese retiring with great precipitancy. At the same time the Freuch ad- vanced with great gallantry, and entered by the main gate, which hud bi-en partially broken iu by tbe artillery fire. Tbe garrison of Tangku retreated, some into tbe North Forts and some across the river to Tangs u.
" 1 am happy lo suy that oar losses in these tw» engagement*
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fNUAL UEGISTEK, 1860. [China. , owing to the templed to escalade the walls, bat pletely paralysed failed, owing to tlie vigorous rosiat- Gre of our artil- anca of the Chinese. Their fire was so effective that our sappers us were captured were unable to lay down the pon* toon bridge, and fifteen men en- is then proceeded gaged in carrying it wore, by one aku forts. The discharge, knocked down, and a !i the operations pontoon was destroyed, ■oops commenced At tliis juncture Sir R.Napier ft fort on the left caused two howitzers to be brought !io, distant about up to within fifty yards of the gate, 'angku. On the in order more speedily to create a ir mad was made breach, and a apace sufficient to bin 81IU yards of admit one man had just been made, were traced, and when our slorming parly, who had Tere brought out partly crossed by the French bridge position by duv- and partly swum over, forced their iwing day. The way in by single file in the most fire during tlie gallant manner. " At the same died to by Ami- moment." says Sir Hope Grant, 'OH yards range, "the French effected their en- |
Chin*.]
HISTORY.
[268
44 About an hoar after thit the wholt of the forts on both sides of the river hauled down their war banners, aud hoisted flags of truce. General Montauban and I sent each an officer to ask their mean- ing end 8ommon them to surrender, but they only received an evasive and insolent reply, and were defied to come on to the attack."
The outer North Fort was next attacked. Sir Hope Grant says: —
44 This fort was stronger than the Grit. They are all constructed on the same plan, being redoubts with a thick rampart heavily armed with guns and wall pieces, and having a high cavalier facing sea- wards, the guns of which were all turned in towards us ; they have two unfordable wet ditches, be- tween which and the parapet sharp bamboo stakes were thickly planted, forming two belts, each about fif- teen feet wide, round the fort, an abattis encircling the whole, and further covered by pieces of water, which force an advance to be made only on a narrow front."
No resistance, however, was made by the governor of this Fort. The allied infantry pushed on, crossed the ditches, and scaled the walls without a shot being fired by the enemy, and 9000 Tartars were made prisoners.
to fort* his wmv through an embrasure, but tu driren Wk. lie ran to another, but it wu too high for him. Lieutenant Lenon, 67th, cam* to his aasistanot, farced Iha point of hit sword into U>« *j.li, as«i placing one foot on tht »wonI, Lieutenant Roger* leaped through the embrasure ]ust after Jean Paacbard, drummer of the French 10?ad, had got orer at the right angle. Lieutenant Rogers acted with ©oMyicuoo* gallantry. De was the first Englishman in the place, and was aftenrards of the greatest ser- rice in Moisting others throngs the tan
In the evening it was observed that the garrisons of the South Forts were abandoning them, and English and French troops crossed the river in boats, and ocoupied them without any opposition.
The whole of the forts, which contained about 400 guns, many of whioh were of a very large cali- bre, were now in possession of the allies, and the enemy had entirely disappeared.41
In the meantime, some evasive attempts were made by the Chinese Government to put a stop to hos- tilities by negotiation, and Lord Elgin was informed, by a despatch from Hang and Wan, two minis- ters of State, that Kweiliang, with whom he bad negotiated the treaty of 1858, and Hang Fuh, the Go- vernor-General of the province of Chi Li, had been appointed Im- perial Commissioners to treat for peace with the Plenipotentiaries at Tien-tsin. Admiral Hope pro- ceeded to Tien-tsin up the Poiho river on the 2 3rd of August, ac- companied by Cousul Parkes in the Coromandd, with a division of live gunboats. They anchored about ten miles below the city, where they ascertained that the Tartar General in Chief, 8ang-ko- lin-sin, had, after abandoning the Taku forts, passed Tien-tsin on the previous day, with a small body of horsemen, and that there was no iu tent ion of defending the works which he had caused to be thrown up to protect the place, from which the garrison and all the guns had been withdrawn. Upon this Ad* miral Hope determined to occupy Tien-tsin with the small force
* Out toes oa this occasion consisted of -Killed : me*, 17. tt, me*, 161.
CkinaJ)
HISTORY.
[265
should hilt at Chaug-tsia-wan, five milts short of Tim go I ion. to whirl) [j lore tho Ambassadors should advance, with an escort, and sign tho con vein ion.
•* Mr. Parke* rode on 10 Tang- chow to arrange matters for Lord Elgin's reception, and to make wire of the agreement an to our advance, that u collision wight not take place by inadvertence, it hav- ing Wen settled tlmt ihu Chinese army should full buck from Chaug- 1 am- iv mi. Mr. IVrkes wan accotn- ) tin i fd by an escort of Fune's Horse, under Lieutenant Ander- ihiii, and by Mr. I-och. private ■vcrcUrr lo IVird Llgiu.
•• At daybreak on iho lh|b I marched, and, after going, about four in ilea, 1 runic in night of it very large Hire of Chinese, both raiulry and infantry. While halt- ing lo lWin my force, Air. Loch galloped in wuh three sonars,* and inform <i ineihat, ongoing inio Tangclmv the previous day. itic-y bad fuuii'l every thing quiet on the road: the Ciiiuiu ism., iters bad agreed iu nil Mr. 1'uike^'s arrange- ments ; and that, accordingly, leav- ing LicuUnanl AnderMin and his B-mura at Tan ge how, Messrs. I'arkes, I/*-b, 'I liomps-.n. and Lieul.-tVIoncl Walker, villi live men of the King's Dragoon Guards, bad eouie out to meet us, and show tia our ramping ground, which «as a mile and a half south of Chang-taia-wwi.
" Un arriving at thai spot, how- ever, they found it occupied by a laige Chinese army, while hat- tenia had been hastily thrown up and armed, M as to flank the pra- juscd site i'f our camp. From tbw euiiiinaiiiiiiig officer Mr. l'arkaa could ol. I urn iiu satisfaction, M b* startid back In Tangrbow, wilbu
orderly of the King's Dragoon Guards, lo see the High Commis- sioner and ask the reason of this move. Mr. Loch came on to tell me of this, and Colonel Walker and Ili-put v - Assistant ■ Comniis- sury-lieneral Thompson remained on the ground with four men of the Kings Dragoon Guards and one sowar, where they were to an-ait Mr. Pxrkes'a return."
Mr. I'arkes was accompanied by Mr. Do Norman, attache to the Itriiiah Legation, and by Mr. Ilonlby, correspondent of Tht J i in ft newspaper, who were des- tined to meet a tragic and cruel fate. Mr. Loch returned with Sir Hope <j rant's orders, and Captain lirabnzon. II. A., volunteered to Hcmmpany him. They accord- ingly started under a Hag of true? fur Timgrhow. with orders for Mr. I'arkes and the whole party In re- turn t-i head -quarters. Sir Hope tirani thus relaieawhnt followed.
- Meanwhile the Chinese ca- valry advanced in great numbers on both tiinKi. and their Infantry poured down on oar right ff-ut, which nus enclosed ground and carefully imri nebrd. I was ex- tremely auxioii* nut to engage, fur fcur of ciiui[ironiising our orltcers.
ii their lin
I the
fore covered both my flanks with cavalry and ordered the baggage to be Eiaatetied on and masaod on a, village in oar rear, wb< comhl im' d. f nd-.l fore* This h
China.]
HISTORY.
[267
against the Chinese authorities for their conduct in this instance, and the proceedings of the allied Com- manders-in-Chief which have en- sued therefrom.*'
In the meantime, Mr. Parkes, Mr. Loch, Captain Brabazon and their companions had been taken prisoners by the Chinese, and the first two, accompanied by a sowar carrying a white Hag, were brought before 8an-ko-lin-sin, who received them with rudeness and insult. The rest of the party, consisting of Captain Brabazon, Lieut. An- derson, Messrs. De Norman and Bowl by, an English Dragoon, and eighteen sowars, remained behind, and were carried off into the in- terior, where all, with the excep- tion of a few of the sowars, mise- rably perished, owing to the ex- cessive cruelty with which they were treated, their hands and feet being Irtuind so tightly with cords that in some instances the flesh burst, and mortification ensued.
As the cannonade became heavier, San-ko-iin-sin rode off to the front, and Mr. IMrkes, Mr. Lrtch, the .sowar, and two French soldiers who were then for the first time ob- served to be prisoners, were or- dered to get into an open cart of the roughest description, and were conveyed through Tiang-cbow to P* kin, suffering severely tnm the cords with which thejr m and the jolting of IM the rough caostway. M they wore carried to thr ' Punishments, wfcero If woe septrato* fan Ut *- osd taMrihl kotoo •
found myself in a throng of 70 or 80 wild looking prisoners, most of them offensive in the extreme, as is usual in Chinese gaols, from disease and dirt." He adds : —
11 1 was again carefully examined and searched by the gaolers, who also saw that my chains were pro- perly secured, and bound my arms with fresh cords, not so tightly, however, as to prevent circulation, or to occasion serious inconveni- ence. At the same time, however, they removed, to my intense re- lief, the cords from my wrists, which, being very tightly tied, had caused my hands to Bwell to twice their proper size, and were now giving me great pain. The? then laid me on the raised board- ing on which the prisoners sleep, and made me fast by another large chaiu to a beam overhead. The chains consisted of one long and heavy one, stretching from the neck to the feet, to which the hands were fastened by two cross chains and handcuffs, and the feet in a similar mauner."
Mr. Loch was also confined in a separate prison of the same loath- some kind. Mr. Parkes, who was intimately acquainted with the Chinese language, was frequently subjected to a rigorous examina- tion, but he took care to give no information which could l»e of any to the Chinese. He men- tal respecting the km by the
the pri- aapathy
■•0 un-
ttll so
DO to
-4arrip-
Mm of
*, Id-
iplo
*
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. ichina. r authorities, and replied to overtures from Prince abuse or ridicule, Kung, that the army would ad- urn disrespectful, vance to the assault of Pekin nn- my title, and often less within three days the prison- me to iticouve- ers were surrendered and the con- as in their power vention signed at Tung-chow, and t of them were the ratifications exchanged at Pe- :st class, and the kin. As Prince Kung continued offenders, as mur- to evade those demands the army &o. Those who marched forward, and on the 6th f their own were of October the Yueng-min-yuen, !i filth and prison or summer palace of the Emperor, g state of emacin- was reached and taken, the French ;; but those who being the first to enter it, where e ill'- gaolers, and was reaped an abundant harvest things as they of spoil. An eye-witness thus i comparative ful- describes the scene of destruction .." that ensued: — if September Mr. " The Summer Palace is about noved from the five miles by a circuitous road o a si pnrute ward, north-west of this camp, outside square, on the op- the earthwork. A description of e court, and four it is given in Staunton's account |
China.]
HISTORY.
[269
Canton at 20 dols. to 30 dots, per piece.
Two days afterwards Mr. Parkes, Mr. Ijoch, and the other prisoners con lined in Pekin were released from their captivity, and permitted to return to the allied camp. Mr. Parkes says :
" At last, at £ o'clock, he (Hang- ki) told us that all the prisoners had beeu assembled, and that we could take our departure. We were placed in covered carts, with- out being allowed to see each other, and were escorted by a large party of soldiers and Mandarins through streets which wore a de- serted apppearance to the Se-che, or north- western gate of the city. We soon saw, with thankful hearts, as those great |K>rtals opened and then immediately closed behind us, that we were already free men, for our guard, not daring to follow us out of the ciiy. hail left to our- selves the pleabatit t«i*k of finding our own way to the allied cum p."
On the Ivith every dis{»osition had been made for bombarding Pekin. The siege gunn were in position, and the Chinese Govern- ment were informed that the can- nonade would be opened on the following day at noon unless the city were previously surrendered, and one of its gates placed in our hands. The result was that all the demands of the allies were un- conditionally aeeeded to, the gate was thrown open to the trap*, and for the first tun* in " flags of England Mi floated vktetioosly on the Pekin. We onT • that the Enipor abandoned the e- tence of a h*** which he wis -
of Pekin took place, part of the terms of which was that the city should be spared. Lord Elgin was in ignorance of the barbarous treatment of the English and French prisoners, in the hands of the Chinese, and he had been as- sured by Prince Kung that they had buffered no mortal injury, and were comfortably lodged and taken care of. 13 ut when the whole truth became known, he deter- mined to inflict some signal pun- ishment upon the Chiueso Go- vernment, and proposed to Baron tiros that the Summer Palace of the Emperor, to which several of the prisoners had -been brought, and where they had been subjected to the severest tortures, should be burnt to the ground. The French Plenifioteiitiary, however, dissented from this plan, and Lord Elgin proceeded to carry it out upon his own responsibility. He wrote to Prince Kung, and, after upbraiding him with his deception, t>aid : —
" Of the total number of twenty- six British subjects seized in defi- ance of honour and of the law of nations, thirteen only have been re- stored alive, all of whom carry on their |>ersous evidence more or less distinctly marked of the indignities and illtreatment from which they have suffered, and thirteen have been barfaaroonlj murdered, under
r-"
l
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [tain* 1 of tlie palace of jesty's representative when on his , which Appears way to Pekin, for the purpose of which several of exchanging die ruiili cat ions of the es were subjected Treaty of Tien-tain, concluded in idignities, will he June, 1868. Ile-d with the By Art. 2, the arrangement litiou requires no entered into at Shanghai in Oeto- irt of his High- her, IBfifi, regarding the residence will be at once of a. British Ambassador in China ■; by the Com- was cancelled, and it was declared that in accordance with Art. 3 of D.OOO taela must tho Treaty of 1856, "Her Bri- ouce to the olli- tannic Majesty's Representative the undersigued will henceforward reside pe r ma- lic h sum will be nently or occasionally at Pekin, aa the discretion of Her Britannic Majesty shall lie Government to pleased to decide." iil.-ivil. ;ii, i to the By Art. 3, the separate article urdered men. of the Treaty of 1858 waa an- nil- signature of nulled, and it was agreed that in rami up at Tien- lieu of the amount of the indem- reniaiu as it is nity therein specified, the Erope- iauge that it shall ror of China should pay the sum |
L'aiCei Stain.]
HISTORY.
[271
By Art. 8, the Emperor of Chink
agreed to command, by decree, the high authorities in the capital to print and publish the Treaty and the Convention for general infor*
By Art. 9, Chunn was to be evacuated br British troop*, and (be British army before Pekin «u, ai toon as the ratifications of the Treaty of 1 Sort had been exchanged. to commence its march towards Tien-Uin : but Her Majesty mn to harp tlip option of retaining a force there and at other ipecilied plare* until the indemnity should be paid.
The ratifications were duly m- rhniigciT. ami the Allied forces evacuated Pcktu on the At li of No- vember, retiring upon Tien-Uin.
UNITED STATES. — Thie rear ha* proved to be the moat momentous one in the history of the United State*. The question of (slavery— that black plague-a|K>t in the heart of American institu- tions— haa br>-u, aa it wiw not dif- ficult to f(in-ee it aould b*. the cauM of a niovf-nient which threat- en* to desiruy (he union fur e»rr, and divide the North American State* into ten gr-at Omfedrra- riee. independent of each other, and irreconcilably at lanatic* ui-.ii some of the inoaf iniporiafii |«aiiU of social oroaoinli'm and donw-stic poller The eif.-tx/n •■{ a new Pre-HJcnl ha* Urn ti.e >i(ul of the "nlliduf which »« shall kaie to rrUt<- the dataatr'JtM raMlie w our u«U v«|Hree. I* taaa. wo bate to do only *na ■vnip' /ins. W# i ine? of io< •</<d. i-ui »•>• yet tin feii fary of tint au> aeaui ana mm";
sv
which provided, that "in all the territory ceiled by France to the United State*, nuder the name of Louisiana, which liea north of 36' ai»' north latitude, not included within the limits of the State ooo- templated by this Act (i.e. Mis- souri), slavery and involuntary eer vitude otherwise than in the punish- ment of crime, whereof the parti ea ahall have been duly convicted, shall be, and hereby is. prohibited for ever." This enactment hae become celebrated under (he well- known name of the "Jlisaouri Com promise." It will lie otawrved that it drew a geographical line ai the boundary of permitted slavery, excluding Missouri, which liea wholly to the north of that line, from the prohibition against hold- ing -slaves, and that it applied solely to the territory ccden br France under the name of l.oui' siana. But as the population of America spread townrda the Went, new comiuunitie* were formed amiixi* to ha admitted aa Mialee of the t'nion; and ilie arrimia rjuea. lion tluii ana" ■ Whet was lo U
slavery— awl «ae ih» (.riiwiiida 'if the Missouri '''iinpfimiM u, !<•, si, j.\i-ii 14. ii«i«' |f an, itio. fhee would, or raitwrr might, be i/ea soil •it slave twUihg alaias, ew<*4ii<e; aa lh*r mm mlttmwt wn« ** eosilh of W W *# jsarth lesM*4«.
Uniud Stam-I
HISTORY.
[273
great popularity amongst the Blaro States, and was looked upon as their future candidate for the Pre- sidency, now declared himself the resolute adversary of the Kansas Bill. lie said, reasonably enough, that his own measure had provided for tlio admission into the Union of a new territory as a slave Sute if the inhabitants hud previously engrafted slavery into their consti- tution, hut that ho was not propared to force slavery upon them as the Kansas Hill proposed to do. The result was, that Mr. Ihichaunii was di ti-stfil in his attempt, his former fiieiiils liccaiuu mure and more alienated fr»tn his jolicy, and the breach between tho North and the South became wider and more irre- concilable.
A very serious charge was brought against Mr. Buclwimu this year, of uot only having em- ployed his patronage, but actually resorted to pecuniary bribes fur the purjmse of >«unii|! the success uf tho Kansas Bill. Ho was accused also of haiictUming abuses in the public departments uf the State, tilth us the posl-unVe, the why ysnU, and other establishment,,. )l"»>tile re solutions nuaiust liim iitt'- i>ruj>u»eil in the llou-eof lie- preventatives, uud carried on the bill of March, the tirst of which was In the following effect :
"ltesoKed, That a commit Ice <■! five mumbers be appuinied by the Speaker for the purine, tirst, of iiivrktigating whether the Pre- sident uf the lulled States or any officer of the tiovernment lias, by nil it j i 'V. putrutiagu. or other im- [ii.'|k'i iiii'iius, sought, to influence the juixxigr- of soy law appertain- ing t'i the right* of mir State or territury ; and nee-ail, alio to in- quire into and investigate, whether .fleers of the Uo-
vernment haio, by. combination or otherwise, prevented or defeated, or attempted to prevent or defeat, the execution of any law or laws now upon the statute-book, and whether the President has failed or refused to compel the execution of any law thereof."
Against this resolution the Pre- sident, on the 'itfth of March, de- livered an energetic protest, in which he said: —
" I confine myself exclusively to these two branches of the reso- lution, because the portions of it which fullow relate to alleged abuses in the Posi-oflice, Navy- yards, public buildings, and other public work of the United States. In such cases, inquiries are highly proper in themselves, and belong equally to the Senato and House. as incident to their legislative duties, and being necessary to en- able them to discover and provide appropriate legislative remedies for any abuse which may lie ascer- tained. Although the terms «f the bitter portion of the resolution ure extremely vague and general, yet my sole purpose in adverting to them at present is tu make the broad hue of distinction between the accusatory and tho remedial fluos^s uf this resolution. Tim lb. lire of liepreseiilativc* jwm- H-ses no power under the Com>ii- tutii'ii over the tirst portion of the resolution, except as an impeaching body, while over the hut, in com- mon with lb* Senate, their ao- tlwri ty as a lagialMiva body ta rally and cheerfully astmUlad.
" It ia soltV iat nfcsani first or iaapaas*^ —" $
■V*-r
Em- It, Conatilr* IlouMof Br
m
f
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iNNUAL REGISTER, 1860. [United Stata. iver the President, from the Presidential office would spects, he is quite be intolved, but, what in of infi- a{ them as they are nitely greater importance to him- co-ordinate branch self, his character both in the'ojes ment he is their of the present and of future gene- \ he is the only rations might pftssibty be tar- laiive ou earth of nished. Tho disgrace east upon 1 and each of the him would in some degree be re- s. To ihem, and fleeted upon the character of the i he responsible, American people who elected him. thin the sphere of Hence, the precautions adopted by l! duty, and not in the Constitution to secure a fair the House of Re- trial. OnBuch a trial, it declares that the Chief Justice shall pre- bave not confined side. This was doubtless because exercise the E*e- the franiem of the Constitution They have also believedit to be possible that the dim a large mea- Vice-President might be biassed '8 discretion. No by the fact that,' in case Of the re- a low without his nioval of the President from Office, resenting the peo- the same shall devolve on the lis veto by a ma- "I again declare emphatically |
Umtaf Sect*.]
HISTORY.
[275
protected ma against the shafts of falsehood and inutfee will ttotfuwsert ■10 now when 1 have become 'old and grey-headed.' ' I can1 declare before God and my country that no human 'being, with an excep- tion scarcely worthy of notice, has at any period of ray life dared to approach me with a corrupt or dishonourable' proposition ; and, until recent developments* it had never entered into my imagination that any person, even in the storm of exasperated political excitement, would charge me, in the most re* mote degree, with having made such a proposition to any human being. I may now, however, ex- claim, in the language of complaint employed by my first and greatest predecessor, that <I have been abused 'in such exaggerated and indecent terms as could scarcely he spelled to a Nero, So * noto- rious defaulter, or even to a com* mow pickpocket.'
* I do, therefore, for the reasons stated, and in the name of the people of the several 8tates, so- lemnly protest against these pro- ceedings of the House ef Repre- sentatives; because they are in violation of the rights of a co-or- dinate Executive branch of the Government, and suhversive:of Its constitutional independence; be- cause they ere eakoieted to foster a l«wd of interested parasites and inferaeeiu, ever ready for their own advantage to swear before Alport* committees to pretended private conversations between the Presi- dent end themselves, incapable, from their nature, ef being dis- proved, thus furnishing materials for harassing him. degrading Mm In the eyes of the country, and eveetuelly. should he be a weak or timid man, rendering him subser- vient to improper influences in
order to avoid such persecutions and annoyances ; because they tend to destroy that harmonious action lor the common good which ought to be maintained, and which I sin- cerely desire to cherish between the co-ordinate branches of the Go- vernment; 'end finally, because, if unresisted, they would establish a precedent dangerous and embar- rassing to all my successors, to whatever political party they might be attached."
In the mean time, as Mr. Bu- chanans tenure of office would expire iu the month of March next year, the struggle for the election of -a new President was actively proceeding. ■ We need not gi ve de- tails «f the exciting contest which absorbed the attention of our Transatlantic- brethren during the greater part ' of the year. 1 1 will be sullcietfS to mention the names of the candidates and the parties they represented, and to indicate the result
There were eight candidates, or rather four pairs of candidates, in ths field for the offices of Presi- dent and Vice-President. These were Messrs. Lincoln and Hamlin, who represented the Republican party ; Messrs. Douglas and John- son, Democrats; Messrs. Breck- enridge and Lane, also Democrats ; and Messrs: Bell and Everett, celled " Union," or " Fusion " men. The result was, that Mr. Abraham Lincoln had die greatest number of electoral votes, and became, vir- tually, in November, the President elect, while Mr. Hamlin was the Vice-President elect.*
* The Suu» that voted for Mum. Lincoln and Hamlin wora in* following : —
Connecticut S
Illinou . .11
Isdiana . 13
[T9]
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NNUAL REGISTER, 1860. iu»ta4 Stat*. lent elect was a thirty-Biitth since the union — was ame had never opened on the 3rd of December, liously in Europe, and on the next day the Meseage af Kentucky, but of the President, Mr. Buchanan, ft that State with was read both in the Senate and y, and became an the House of Representatives, diana. Ilia pa- The following were the principal iro, and his occu- topics, and it will be seen how cou- r years were of scious ibe President was of the description. He approach of the coming storm, ■mill, kept sheep, evoked by the election of his sue- ever, by degrees " Qukstioks of Slavery asp celebrity, and at Secession. — Throughout the year rated to Illinois, since our last meeting the country mber of tlio bar baa been eminently prosperous in lied considerable all its material interests. The ifession. He be- general health has been excellent, i leaders of the our harvests have been abundant, is in the United and plenty smiles throughout the ervative party in laud. Our commerce and manu- cliosen. to repre- fac lures have been prosecuted with in Congress in energy and industry, and have |
Unittd States.]
HISTORY.
[277
Territorial Legislatures to exclude slavery from the territories, nor from the efforts of different States to defeat the execution of the Fu- gitive Slave Law. All or any of thcHC evils might have been en- dured by the South without danger tn the l'n ion (as others have boon), in the hope that time and reflec- tion might apply the remedy. Tho immediate peril arises not so much fnun the st* causes as from tho fact thm the incessant and violent agi- 1 nl inn of the slavery question throughout tho North for the last quarter of a century haa at length produced its malign influence on the slaves and inspired them with vague not ions of freedom. Hence, a sense of security no longer exists around the family altar. This fueling of peace at home has given place to npprvlii'iisi«iiis of servile insurrection. Manv a matron throughout tho South retires at ni^ht in dread of what may befall herself and her children before the morning. Should this ap- prehfiisif.n of domestic danger, whether real nr imaginary, extend and iuteii-ifv itself until it shall pervade the masses of the South* cm people, then disunion will he- roine itM'viiabb . Sri ^preserva- tion is the tirst law of nature, and has been implanted in tne heart of man by his Creator for the wisest piirfHise : and no political I'mon, however fraught with Mess- n.gs and umctits in all other re- spects, can long continue, if the
m- sJiry consequence be to n-n-
d« r thf homes and the firesides of m-.irly half the parties to it habi- tiniiv and hoiclcsslv insecure. ^«ninT or later the IhhuU of surh a u i. ii in must lie severed. It is my t "Iivk tlull (hut this futul period liHh not \et itrnwil , ami my prater to God is tbr» H- would preserve
the Constitution 'and the Union throughout all generations.
" But let us take warning in time, and remove the cause of danger. It cannot he denied that, for iive-and-twenty yeare, the agi- tation at the North against slavery in the South has been incessant. In 1835 pictorial handbills and inflammatory appeals were circu- lated extensively throughout the South of a character to excite the passions of the slaves, and, in the luTigiiage of General Jackson, 'to stimulate them to insurrection, and produce all tho horrors of a servile war.* This agitation has ever since been continued by tho public press, by the proceedings of State and couutv conventions, and by abolition sermons and lectures. The time of Congress has been occupied in violent speeches on this never-ending subject ; and appeals in pamphlets and other forms, endorsed by distinguished names, have been sent forth from this central point and spread broad- cast over the l.'nion.
•■ How eafcy would it be fur tho American people to settle tho slavery question for ever, and to restore peace and harmony to this distracted country !
•'Thev. and thev alone, ran do it. All that is necessary to ac- complish the ohjert, and all for which the slave States have ever contended, is to be let alone, and permitted to manage their domestic uibtiiutioiis in their own war. As sovereign States, they, and they alone, are responsible before God and tho world for the aUrery ex- isting among them. For due l«ople of the North are not responsible, end here BO right to interfere then with ' institution* in Rooafci or k I' poo their good
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WUAL REGISTER, 1860. [WdtAM . confess I still blest ayatem of . government ever bout their aid it devised by mortals? From the er of any Presi- very nature of his office, and bis (bat may be bis bigli responsibilities, be must ne- ivities, to restore cessarily be censer villi ve. The my among the stern duly of administering the limited and re- vast and complicated concerns of rower, under our thia Government affords in itself a aws.be alone can guarantee that be will not attempt ttle, for good or any violation of a clear cons til u- 1 a momentous tional right. After all, he is no more tliau the chief executive gs me to observe officer of the Government. His if any one of our province is not to make, but to exe- rts office of Pre- cute the laws ; and it is a remark- nf itself afford able fact in our history that, uot- ilving the Union, withstanding the repeated efforts cially time if his of lbs anti-slavery party, no single ii effected by a Act has ever passed Congress, id not by a ma- unless we may possibly except the lie, and has re- Missouri Compromise, impairing ient and tempo- in the slightest degree the rights h may probably of the South to their property |
UniUdSimtM.]
HISTORY.
[279
property, and, like all other pro- pertytJ their owner* have & right to take them into the common Terri- tories, and hold them there uoder the protection of the Constitu- tion.
" So far, then, at Congress is con- cerned, the objection is not to any- thing they have already done, but to what they may do hereafter. It will surely be admitted that this apprehension of future danger is no good reason for an immediate dissolution of the Union. It is true that the Territorial Legisla- ture of Kansas, on the 23rd of February, i860, passed in great haste an Act, over the veto of the governor, declaring that slavery ' is, and shall be, for ever prohi- bited in this Territory.* Such an Act, however, plainly violating the rights of property secured by the Constitution, will surely be de- clared void by the judiciary when- ever it shall be presented in a legal form.
" Only three years after my in- auguration, the Supreme Court of the United States solemnly ad- judged thai this, power did not exist in a Territorial Legislature. Yet, such has. been the factious temper of the times, that the cor- rectness of this decision has been extensively, impugned before the people, sad the question has given rise to angry political conflicts throughout the country. Those who have appealed from this judg- ment of oar highest constitutional tribunal to popular assemblies would, if they, could, invest a Ter- ritorial Legislature with power to annul the sacred rights of pro- perty. This power Congress is expressly forbidden by the Federal Constitution to exercise. Every Bute Legislature in the Union is forbidden by its own Constitution
to exercise it It cannot be exer- cised in any State except by the peoples in their high sovereign capacity when framing or amend* ing their State Constitution. In like manner it can only be exer- cised by the people of a Territory represented in a convention of delegates for the purpose of fram- ing a Constitution preparatory to admission as a State into the Union. Then, and not until then, are they invested with power to decide the question whether slavery shall or shall not exist within their limits. This is an act of sovereigu authority, and not of subordinate Territorial Legislation. Were it otherwise, then, indeed, would the equality of the States in the Ter- ritories be destroyed, and the rights of property in slaves would depend not upon the guarantees of the Constitution, but upon the shifting majorities of an irresponsible Ter- ritorial Legislature. Such a doc- trine, from its intrinsic unsound- ness, cannot long influence any considerable portion of our people, much less can it afford a good rea- son for a dissolution of the Union. " The most palpable violations of constitutional duty which havo yet been committed consist in the acts of different State Legislatures to defeat the execution of the Fugi- tive Slave Law. It ought to be remembered, however, that for these. Acta neither Congress nor any President can justly be held responsible. Having been passed in violation of the Federal Consti- tution, they are, therefore, null and void. All the courts, both Suite and National, before whom the question has arisen, have from the beginning declared the Fugi- tive Slave Law to be constitu- tional
" The Southern States,
CnitHBtmU*.]
HISTORY.
[281
rolina to Congress, employs tho following language.: — 'The right of the people of a tingle Stale to absolve themselves at will, and without the consent of the other Stales, from their most solemn obligation*, and hazard the liberty and happiness of the millions com- posing this Union, canuot be ac- knowledged. Such authority is believed to be utterly repugnant both to the principle* upon which the general Government is consti- tuted, and to the objects which it was expressly formed lo attain.'
" It was intended to be per- petual, and not to he annulled at the pleasure of any one of the con- tracting parties. The old Article* of the Confederation were entitled ' Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union lietween the Slates.' atid by the 13th Article it is expressly declared that ' the arti- cles of this Confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State and the Union shall lie perpetual." The preamble to the Constitution of the United State*, having ex- press reference to the Articles of Confederation, recites that it was established ' in order to form a mora perfect Union.' And yet it is contended that this ' more per- fect Union' does not include the essential attribute of perpetuity.'
" But the Constitution has not only conferred these high power* upon Congress, but it has adopted
r tr.tr
.it I
to
the
States from interfering with their exercise. Fur that purpose it has, in Mrong prohibitory language, ex- premly declared that ' no Slato ahull enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bilis of credit : make anything
but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, «* pott facto law, or law impairing the obligation of con tracts.' Moreover, 'without the consent of Congress, no State shall lay any impost* or duties on any imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it* inspection law* ;' and. If they exceed thia amount, the excess shall belong to the United States.'
" And ' no State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage ; keep troops or ship* of war in time of peace ; enter into any agreement or com- pact with another State, or with a foreign Power ; or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.'
" In order still further to secure the uninterrupted exercise, of these high powers against State inter- position, it ie provided * that thia Constitution and the laws of the United State* which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all trea- ties made or which shall be made under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, and the judge* in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of one State to the contrary notwithstanding.'
"The solemn aanction of religion has been superadded to the obli- gations of official duty, and alt senators and representatives of the United States, all members of State legislatures, and all execu- tive or judicial officers. * both of ihe United Slates ami of the seve- ral .Slates, shall be bound by oath or affinuatiou to support this Con- stitution.' ....
" In short, the f internment
IMriSm] HISTORY. [283
■ execute it, and where, even if cessary and proper for carrying
there were iuch an officer, .the into execution' any one of these
entire population would constitute powers. So far from this power
one solid combination to resist having been delegated to Congress,
him it was expressly refused by tho
" Then, in regard to the pro- Convention which framed the Con-
pertj of the United States in South etitution.
Caroline, due lias been purchased " It appears, from the proceed- fur a fair equivalent ' by the con- ings of that body, that on the 31st sent of the. Legislature of the of May, 1787, the clause 'author- SUM,* 'for the erection of forta, izing an exertiou of the force of magazines, arsenals,' Ac., and over the whole against a delinquent these the authority ' to exercise State ' came up for consideration, exclusive legislation ' has been ex- Mr. Madison opposed it in a brief press! j granted by the Constitution but powerful speech, from which I to Congress. It is Dot believed shall extract but a single seuteuce. that any attempt will be made to lie observed: — 'The use of force expel the United Slates from this against a State would look more property by force ; but if in this like n declension of wsr Uian any 1 should prove to lie mistaken, the infliction of punishment, and would officer in command of the forts probably he considered by the has received orders to act strictly parly attacked as a dissolution of on the defensive. In such a con- all previous compacts by which it tiugeucy the responsibility for con- might be bound.' Upon this mo- sequences would rightfully rest lion tho clause was unanimously upon the heeds of the assailants, imttpoucd, aud was never, I be- . . , . licve, again presented. Soon after-
"The question, fairly stated, in, wards— on the Hth of June, 1707 — Han the Constitution delegated — when incidentally adverting to to Congress the power to coerce a the subject, lie said : — ' Any Stale into submission which is Government for the United States, iiitemptiug to withdraw, or baa farmed on tbe supposed praeiica- iK-tuirlly withdrawn, front the con- bilny of using force against the leucraey ? If answered iu the unconstitutional proceedings of the ttllinnatira, it must be on tbepriu- Stales, would prove aa visionary liple that tbe power has been con- and fallacious as the Government lerred upon Congress to declare of Congress '—evidently meaning mid to make war agaiust a State, the then-existing Congress of tho After much serious reflection 1 old confederation. have arrived st the conclusion that " Without descending to partku- iio such toner has been delegated larx, it may be safely asM.-rted that to Congress, or tn any other de- the power to make war aguin<-t a j.Mrtuitni of Lite Federal Govern- Slate is at variance with the whole tiirui. it is mauifeat, upon an spirit and intent of tho Conatitu- ItKpection of the ('(institution, Hun. Suppose such a war should thai this is not among the f[*ci1ic result in the conquest of a Stale, "ii.l enumerated powers unnlcd to h«w are we to govern it uflrr- Congress: and it is equally appa- wards'.' Shall we livid it as a pro- rent that its exercise is not * no- vwee, and govern it by des]
|
NNUAL REGISTER, I860. [VmMSuta. nature of things enshroud the nations. Our es- ■ physical force, ample for more than eighty years the people, and would not only be lost, hut it led senators and mould ho quoted as a conclusive i Congress, and proof that man is unfit for sell- er own volition, "Great Britain.— Our rela- the free citizens tions with Great Britain are of the is a constituent most friendly character. Since ufederaey. . . the commencement of my a J mi- tour Union rests nistration the two dangerous qnea- ra, and con never tions arising from the Clayton and the blood of its Bui wer Treaty, and from the right :ivil war. If it of search claimed by the British affections of tha Government, have been amicably one day perish, and honourably adjusted, s many menus of " The discordant constructions Mticiliation ; but of the Clayton and Bulwer Treaty it planed in their between the two Governments, it by force. which at different periods of the ermi tied solemn- discussion bore a threatening countrymen to aspect, have resulted in a final |
%J WPwW^WW IrWWWt J
HISTORY.
[286
United States to the treaty con- cluded at London on the 17th of October, 1856, between the two Governments. It will be recol- lected that this treaty was rejected by the British Government because
I of its objection to the just and im- portant amendment of the Senate to the article relating to Ruatan and the other islands in the Bay ht Honduras. I " It must be a source of sincere satisfaction to all classes of our fellow-citizens, and especially to those engaged in foreign com- merce, that the claim on the part of Great Britain, forcibly to visit and search American merchant Teasels on the high seas in time of peace, has been abandoned. This was by far the most danger- ous question to the peace of the two countries which has existed since the war of 1812. While it remained open they might at any moment have been precipitated into a war. This was rendered manifest by the exasperated state of public feeling throughout our entire country, produced by the forcible search of American mer- chant vessels by British cruisers on the coast of Cuba in the spring of l&Ott. The American people hailed with geueral acclaim the orders of the Secretary of the Xavr to our naval force in the Gulf of Mexico * to protect all vessels of the United States on the high seas from search or de- tention by the vessels of war of any other nation.1 These orders might have produced an immediate collision between the naval forces of the two countries. This was most fortunately prevented by an ap|ieal to tho justice of Great brilaiu and to the law of nations as expouuded by her own eminent jurists.
" The only question of any im- portance which still remains opep is the disputed tide between the two Govern menu to the Island of San Juan, in the vicinity of Wash- ington territory. As this question is still under negotiation, it is not deemed advisable at the present moment to make any other allusion to the subject.
" The recent visit of the Prince of Wales, iu a private character, to the people of this country, has proved to be a most auspicious event. In its consequences it canuot fail to increase the kindred and kindly feelings which I trust may ever actuate the Government and people of both countries in their political and social inter- course with each other.
44 Kansas. — At the period of my inauguration I was confronted in Kansas by a revolutionary Govern- ment existing under what is called tho Topeka constitution. Its avow- ed object was to subdue the terri- torial Government by force, and to inaugurate what was called the Topeka Government in its stead. To accomplibh this object an ex- tensive military organization was formed, and its command intrusted to the most violent revolutionary leaders. Under these circum- htances, it became my imperative duty to exert the whole constitu- tional power of the Executive to prevent the tlames of civil war from agaiu raging in Kansas, which, in the excited state of the public mind, both North and South, might have extended into tho neighbouring States.
" Tho hostile parties in Kansas had been iutlanied against each other, by emissaries both from the North and the South, to a degree of inaliguity without parallel in our history. To prevent actual
CHRONICLE.
JANUARY, 1860.
TTTRECKS m 1859.— The Re- the total wrecks were 27, and the
VV port of the Board of Trade casualties 37; but only 61 lives
of the wrecks and casualties were lost. Two other great eatas-
which occurred on the coasts of trophes, besides that of the Royal
the United Kingdom in 1859 is a Charier, marked the jeer— the loss
tad record of disaster. The sum- of the Pomona, on the 38th April,
ber of ships and lives lost during on the Blackwater Bank, wheu, of
that year are greatly iu excess of 446 persons on board, 34 only
those recorded in ant previous were saved ; and the destruction of
year. Of casualties there were the HUrvle Cattle, and the 5(5 per-
1116 in 1850. against 1170 iu sons on board, on or about the 30th
1R58. But this, bad as it is, is December. The causes and cir-
merciful in comparison with the cumstances of this disaster are
loss of lives: no fewer than 1645 totally unknown, and it became
persons perished, the number in known only by the discovery of a
the previous year being 340. The large part of her aide drifting oa
year throughout its course was the sea.
marked by a succession of gales. Among other wrecks, those no- some as violent as any that have ticeable for loss of life are those been recorded. The storms of of the Czar steamer, 19 persons February caused numerous casu- drowned ; the Auitralia, 34 ; the allies, but the terrible storms of Cuba, 13 ; the Favorite, 36 ; the the -J5th and 30th October, and Charlet Holm**. 35 ; the Capital, tho three days' tempest of October 10; thttronAot.il; a ship an- HI, November 1 and 3, made a known, off Treroee Head, 16; a allocking addition to the lists. In barque unknown, foundered near the former gales there were no Psdstow, 18; a brig unknown, fewer than 133 total wrecks, and also near Padstow; the Wanderer, Do casualties. On the morning of II ; the Tyrol, IV; the Eagtt, 11; the -J6th. the ilnyal Ckartti sud the iliribita, 13; \h« Canton. 1ft. 4tCof her crew and passengers pe- The Ion of property in ships rithed : 708 personswere swallowed wrecked or injured is estimated at np in the waves within these forty- 870,000*. ; in cargoes at 803,000/. eight hours. In the Utter storm —a total of nearly two at"*1 — Vol. CI I. B
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NNDAL REGISTER. [1800 ribulion of these UOluippi.'iied in daylight, between i year, 115 00- G a.m. and 6 p.m. y: 139 in Feb- Amid these records of woe and oh; I2fi in April ; disaster, it is consolatory to reflect in June; 34 in that much energy has been shown ust; SB in Sep- in adopting menus for saving life. October; 170 in The- number of life-boats esta- ii December. blished on our coasts is 158 — an ities of their oc- increase of 'J — and these have all ere on the east been kept, up in a state of efficiency, he south coast ; and have rendered valuable ser- coast of Eng- vices ; and new stations for nlortnr Irish coast, !*9 and rocket appiimius have been decrease from provided. By the courage and the previous self-devotion of the crews of the were Ilia. On lire-boats, 291 persons were rea- ds, the number cued from certain death ; by the The number of rocket apparatus and assistance north coasts and from shore, !(60. By luggers, .litis of Scotland coast-guard boats, and small craft, ly from the num- lOUfl persons were rescued; by m-i year: there Bliips and steam-boats, 706 ; and |
CHRONICLE.
as to the point whence the cyclone comes, and so to enable him to ateer oat of it.
From these observations, Adm. Fiultoy derives aotne practical applications of lingular interest and value. First, it seems estab- lished by observation tliat. in the northern hemisphere, when the mariner faces the wind, the centre of the storm is on his right hand, in the southern hemisphere it is on his left. Second, it is not only pos- sible, but perfectly feasible, to give warning, by means of the electric telegraph, of the prevalence and probable course of a storm, many hours in advance of its travel. That all storms, if not absolutely cyclones, are more or loss curvi- linear, and that strong pules are tbo most curved in their progress, and much stronger towards the centre, and weaker as their curvet increase in diameter : and that storms aro towjmratirtty limited in extent or area. These valuable
li.i-
aire
s the state of the weather at the ports along our roasts and at the large inland low ns is daily and systematically telvi*raph< d to 1/ union.
Sii.uvn ami SmrvKu-K*.— The disastrous year If8«i was ushered in by a severe gale, which com- inciK-cd on llie itmh Decenilier, and committed great damage. The Bnlr was aci.iiiipsnicd bv thunder, lightning, and hnil. In the south- ind blew
Tl:
■ /Mi
/ V»tti
nl.
cargo of -ill or ore. and other valu- able fn-ialil. insured for 4 <>.<»>« rf., was urecked in Carmarthen lisr ; an) an American ship, of 2IW>0 tons, laden with cotton, near Bar- mouth. The centre «f the storm appears to have passed over CoJnc,
Wiltshire, where it operated like a tropical tornado. It formed for itself a path of six miles in length, with a breadth of from 100 to 150 yards. Within this apace — which included a part of Bo wood Park — it levelled every obstacle. Large trees were snapped off or uprooted — some were torn up out of the earth and lodged upon ad- joining trees — one line elm was uprooted aud reversed, its limbs being forced into the earth, and the trunk and roots raised high in air: straw and hay-ricks were torn (o pieces, and scattered cottages were unroofed and thrown down ; a, heavy four-wheeled waggon was thrown or forced over a high hedge. Heavy lumps of ice fell, which killed in their descent nu- merous birds, hares, and rabbits. The passage of the tornado lusted not more than five minutes. Its boundaries were sharply denned : without its limits the trees were little injured ; in some instances one-half a cottage thatch and a comer of the building were swept away, and the remainder left. In Ulackland Park, the scat of Mr Marshall Hall, the force of the tornado was specially exhibited. Hundreds of trees were thrown down — trees eight and ten feet in circumference were snapped like matchwood ; others, especially heavy-topped ftr*. were blown out of the plantation across the road into an adjoining field. Hun- dreds of penous have since visited the scene of devastation.
During the gale of the 1st January, the Artth umt. of Glasgow. with a valuable cargo of tobacco, *c, was wrecked near Wrexford, and many other disasters were re- ported. In the month, 20A vessels were wrecked or damaged by col- liaiom on the British coasts; the
B 3
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*NUAL REGISTER. [I860 st, 53 ; but no ing the striking body, was much rsoua were res- injured by the sudden arrest of its vis motui. The engine, on the Gibraltar state collision with the Barking carriage, t unprecedented sprung round and shot across the ) on the 7th and permanent way, where it buried ;reat number of itself in the embankment; the were wrecked tender was disconnected and thrown 3 coast of Spain, across the rails, and the break-ear- ladron, on iho riago was thrown off the rails and i suffered very hurled to the abutment of the r-steamers were bridge, where it was turned up on- fleet of armed to its end and crushed into a second i-boats, driven class carriage. Eleven persons, in f iho squadron, both trains, received injuries more steamers, were or less severe ; and the driver and rnchors. guard of the Norwich train were masters. — A se- much hurt. diieh many pas- On Friday, the 27th January, red atid much a. number of labourers were ent- , occurred late ployed on the works of the London he 1st January, and Chatham and Dover line ; they |
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
the passenger carriages were da- maged ; but fortunately there were not mora than half-a-dozen travel- lers and none were materially in- jured. The pointsman's tbigh was Lro ken, four Post -office guards, and a guard of the train, wero hurt somewhat severely. On the same day a passenger train ran oil the main line through the facing points into a siding near Plymouth, and rams into collision with an engiue. Three of the passengers and three <>f the railway servants received
On the 27th February a passen- ger train, on the Edinburgh and t i lasgow railway, overtook and c,i mo into collision with a goods train near Grceuhill junction, and seven passengers received injuries from the shock.
4. Fkai'iiulkktAttobskts. — At the Central Criminal Court, David Hughes. 50, described as a solicitor, was placed at tlic bar to plead to various indictments: the charge which was proceeded with being that of not surrendering to pro- ceedings in bankruptcy, under the llankrupicy Act.
The ease of this prisoner was another instance of those frightful fcociul criinea which were exempli- lied in the cases of John Sadleir aud the brothers Hall. David Hughes was a solicitor in very ex- tensive practice, first in the Old dowry, with a partner, and after 1*51, in (ireshain Street, singly. He was very extensively and con- fidentially employed by wealthy clients ; but, »■> far at least as ap- peared by these proceedings, more us a prudent adviser in tin- invest-
»hort — than in the urdi
> l.u.iu
He
himself, to all appearance, an open and free-hearted man. who, having a
large practice and a good position, could afford to keep a large esta- blishment; and in fact it was shown that his domestic expenditure was at the rate of 4000/. a-year. In the year 1858 all this splendid respectability collapsed and laid open to view a hideous ruin. Mr. Hughes suddenly left the country and fled to Australia, with hia wife and family. It was then discovered that this trusted adviser had for many years misappropriated the funds of his too-confident clients, entrusted to him for investment; aud that he had habitually fabri- cated securities with the object of allaying suspicion and evading de- tection. It turned out that bis liabilities — the bulk of them being tainted with fraud— amounted to no less than 170,000/. ; only be- tween 4000/. and 5000/. has since been realized for his creditors, and his assignees have the further com- fort of being roado parties to seven Chancery suits. This atrocious peculator was followed to his place of refuge, captured, and brought back, and was now placed at the bar to answer for his malpractices.
A considerable number of the prisoner's victims gavo evidence of the frauds he had committed upon them. The sums misappropriated varied greatly in amount : for the prisoner— at least in the later pe riod of hii career, when ho had large defalcations to conceal by mak- ingjiroinpl payments of necessary sums — laid his hands on all that came into his net. The estate of a deceased lady was lessened 7000/., the lowest amount named was 25W. Nor were the victims always of the confiding and unsuspicious class. Messrs. Currie. the bankers, were cheated of 2S0u/., aud a London Alderman of a considerable sum.
The prisoner, after two days"
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JNUAL REGISTER. [1860 d find awarded and inless than two hours the roof viludc — a sen- fell in, and the whole interior was seemed greatly destroyed. The huilding hud no lis punish men t, pretensions to archlteoMua] beauty, ;rtainly not out hut was n substantial and commo- 1 crime. If tho dioua pile. The fire was probably offence is to he caused by tho over-healing of flues. oouut of misery 10. Awful Catastiiopue H the i being*, fraudu- United States. — Although the lulent directors, Chronicle of the Annual Kkbibter nlent solicitors, contains the record .if many harrow- -imimils known ing catastrophes that have occurred during the century of its exist- r of this chiss euce, it records none more terrible ornov of Fnru- than that which is now reported very'indiscrimi- from the United States. It may lients. Ho had be doubted, indeed, whether in •money to the any country or in any age so many iu one case : he human beings have ever perished I9W. for a poor so terribly by an accident of or- r a jobbing car- dinary life. War may produce troui sums he parallel scene* of horror, hut the |
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
frightful incident! of the catas- trophe.
Unhappily, the collapse of the structure occurred when the mill mi peopled with its busy com- plement of hand*. It is not un- common— indeed, we are thankful to mj it ia common— to read of accidents which might have re- sulted in tragedies beyond belief. We are frequently told of the fall of a staircase, or a roof, or of a fire in a theatre, or of other casual- ties, which might, if they had hap- pened ten minutes earlier or later, hare caused the deaths of hun- dreds. We read of rail nay acci- dent!, in which, by the narrowest possible chance, a whole train of passengers escapes instant de- struction; and sometimes, perhaps, wo reflect for a moment on the nature of the disaster which was so near occurring. At the Pem- berton Mills that kind of disaster was actually witnessed. The five stories of the building fell in, one after another, upou the beads of 000 or 700 workpeople who were aaaambled at their trade, and the living and the dead, with the free- tared beams of the edifice and the heavy ironwork of the machinery, were precipitated in one mass to the ground. How many found their deaths on the instant is still unknown, but it is only too well known that they who did so were the moat fortunate of the victims. E*en this crash itself was aa nothing in comparison with the scene which followed. As soon aa the newa of the disaster got abroad thousands of people rushed to the rescue, and for some hours toiled painfully, and not without kueceee, in extricating sufferers from the maaa of ruin. But a new and mors) shocking alarm waa presently given. Aa the early evening of winter had
closed in upon the scene, large bonfires were lit in a circuit round the spot to enable the work of hu- manity to be carried on through the night. Either from one of these, or through some unex- plained, though not surprising accident, fire was communicated to the mass, and rapidly caught hold of it. The rest we can hardly venture to describe. Imprisoned in the ruins of the edifice, man- gled by the fall, but still living and conscious, hundreds of men and women were exposed to the moat shocking of deaths. The flames enveloped them before the very eyes of their relatives and coun- trymen, and consumed them while their voices were still heard and recognized in unavailing shrieks for protection. As the telegraph flashed the tidings of the catas- trophe to the, adjacent States, the horror of the story must have been inconceivable. At New York the people learnt the tale piece by piece, so that every successive in- cident bad time to sink into the mind. First came the shock of the accident, then the details of tho rescue ; but before hope could be well formed it waa crushed by the fresh intelligence of the con- flagration, the ascendancy of the flames, and all the realities of the hecatomb.
The actual extent of the ca- lamity is not accurately ascer- tained. The reports circulated by the excited people represent the number of the unfortunates l>uried in the ruins to be between 600 and 800 ; it probably exceeded the former number. How many were rescued without injury, or with in- juries mora or lean severe, is net known ; one printed report, baaed before the second calamity tiramn known, states the dead still in taw
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
18. Statue to Lokd Clive.— The tortures of the " Black Hole of Calcutta," the recapture of that city by Colonel Clive, the siege of Chandornagore, and the crowning victory of Plassey, form the firet pages of the first volume of The Annual Register. In recording the inauguration of the statue of the great com- mander in bis county town of Shrewsbury, in commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of his victory, history seems almost to repeat itself, and the hundredth volume of this work seems to have completed the circle where the first begins it. The parallelism of events is somewhat remarkable. The English garrison of Calcutta bad surrendered to the Surajah Dowlah, and bad received pro- mises of good treatment. They were, however, shut up in a dun- geon to the number of 140, where all but twenty-three were suffo- cated. The horrible fate of these persons excited the greatest sen- sation in England ; great exertions were msde to reinforce our troops in India, and a celebrated com- mander was sent out expressly to conduct the campaign. Calcutta and Chandernagore were retaken, and the cruel deaths of our coun- trymen were avenged by the deci- sive battle at Plassey, fought on the yard June, 1757, drove the treacherous prince from his throne, and lie perished by assassination ; and by this great event the founda- tions of the marvellous British Empire in India were firmly laid. These wonderful events are re- corded in the first volume of The Annual Hkoister in a form so succinct, that their vast importance was evidently not suspected, and even the name of the spot where the decisive victory was wuu is not
not mentioned— perhaps was not known. The hundredth volume records the outbreak of the great Sepoy mutiny by the treacherous onslaught at Meerut, the frightful massacre of men, women, and chil- dren, by the Nana Sahib, the recap- ture of the place by Havelock, followed by the flight and obscure death of tbe miscreant ; the mas- sacres of Delhi, followed by the storm of that city, and tho final de- thronement of the Great Mogul, the mission of Lord Clyde, and the decisive victory at Lucknow. By this marvellous series of events no native prince is left in India of power to question our domiuion.
The statue of the founder of our Indian Empire was the result of a meeting of private individuals on the hundredth auuiversary of tbe great victory, who thought it disgraceful to the national charac- ter and derogatory from die glorious history of England, that no public monument to one who had achieved such vast things for his country should exist. The bronze statue, which has no pretensions to high art, is the work of Baron Marochelti, and simply a portrait statue of a short stout gentleman in the costume of the period, and suggests no ideas of tbe strong will and grand conceptions of " the heaven -born general."
Speedier justice has been done to the military genius who added tbe West of India to our dominions as Clive had won the East. Two statues have been erected to General Sir Charles Napier, one in Trafalgar Square, another of msrble in the " lleroium " of British commanders — St. Paul's Cathedral. It is a pleasing indi- cation of tho improvement of tbe public conscience, that the pedestal of this Utter statue bears lesu-
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
11
daring the gig's passage to South- ampton ; it blew hard, and was piercingly cold. Nevertheless, the gig made good way, the water under the banks was smooth, the wind fair for her destination. A large inward-bound steamer, the Indu*. had been unable to enter the tidal docks the previous even- ing, and was now at anchor in the ■(ream, between I •><* and 200 yards of the entrance. The tide, which had risen unusually high, was just aetting out from the dorks, and meeting the wind raised a shnrt chopping sea. It appears, in fact, tlntt the space between the dock walls and the Indtit was just one of those places whore the eddies of (ho gale struck with great fury. As the gig entered the agitated spot, the officers of the Indu* Ob- nerved that she yawed about and seemed not to be under control. Capuiu Harrison, who was steer- in-;, arcing the danger, reave orders to stand by the halyards and tower the try-sail. Ttao sail nnd hal- yards were wrt, something went amiss, the yard after coining down a foot stuck fast, and the sail being struck at this moment by an eddy from the dork entrance, waa " taken aback," and the consequence waa that the gig being thrown over on to (he t-ido when* most of the crest sal, tilled and went down. It ap- peared upon the evidence of Dr. Watson, who was picked up insen- sible, that, while swimming, he ob- served Captain Han-won striking out bravely towirds tho boat. He retained full presence of mind, and in answer tn Dr. Watson e*- claimed, " All right— all right." t'aplain Harrison reached the boat, which waa then pitching about keel uppermost, and made a strong at- tempt to right her; but ah* wma tilled with water, and turned over
so completely u to rise again with the keel uppermost still. Between this movement of the boat and the fury of the sea. Dr. Watson was separated for an interval from young Lay, whom ho had seized, nnd was courageously supporting, and the boat. After a while, however, he again succeeded in catching the poor lad and jamming him in between himself and the stem of the boat, onto which he held with one hand, white with the other he tried to support Captain Harrison, who was bufTeting strongly with the waves, by keep- ing his band under his arm. In this manner some minutes passed, and Captain Harrison seemed almost powerless, and to be In- coming insensible. Aftrr a short while, however, he again threw himself on the keel of the boat, and strove to turn it over. The struggle, however, was, like the first, ineffectual, nnd seemed to exhaust his strength, for he relaxed his hold, threw his arms up. and fell back in the waves, after which l>r. Watson saw him no more. The last gallant etTorl of the Cap- tain had, however, again separated Dr. Watson from the boat, and from young I jiy, who. lie fore the doctor could regaiu his hold of him. went down, beating the water with his hands as be sank. Mr. Ijiv, who was holding on to tho boat, shouted loudly for help as ho saw his child disappear. Dr. Watson called to them all to hold <>n, as a bout was coming. Some of the civ'K were then ringing to oar* and stretchers, hut must of them to the boat. Ogden '
longer ^ before siiv boon rr~,"vtlf±* todK way to these ft ~-mtf
se*, bywbiohf^
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NNUAL REGISTER [1860 es were breaking proper to marine mourning. A coo- were more or less siderable sum was subscribed for nsensible before the benefit of the bereaved family. d. The officers 31. Fatal Coal-mine Acci- 3 were watching dents. — On the 21st January, :he boat with bo four men and three boys got into sooner witnessed a "skip" to descend a colliery an they hastened near Wolverhampton. The drum, others put off around which the wire rope had and u very short been coiled, had been imperfectly i elapsed before connected with the engine, which e spot. The body consequently had no command rison was found over it, The " skip " and its un- oot under water ; happy freight ihcrelorts descended and all efforts to will) con^iiiiitly-ucccieratirig velo- were vain. The city, and struck the bottom with id insensible near tremendous force. The poor fel- 1ns master bad Iowa were probably killed by the He was restored shock — but if any were injured Liut died the Eamo only, their sufferings were but of corpse of young a moment's duration, for the drum d till late in the and machinery above Hew to pieces |
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
13
iug for the remainder, the brig wont down, carrying with her 44 victimi.
31. Destruction of an Emi- grant Ship bt Fire. — The Endy- mwn, & fine ship of 1374 tons, was lying in the Mersey ready for sea. She had, beside her crew of ■bout 30 men, and a valuable cargo, about 95 second -cabin pas- sengers. At daybreak she was observed to be on fire. In a harbour so crowded as the Mersey, there was no lack of assistance. The burning vessel was speedily surrounded by steam- tugs and boats, who conveyed away the ter- rified passengers and their lug- gage ; fire-engines were sent oft, and every exertion made to extin- guish the flames. These, how- ever, made such progress, that the captain thought, it necessary to scuttle the vessel, and run her ashore. This was done; but, as the tide was receding, without the desired effect. As the rna-.ts and cordage were consumed, the former fell, tearing up the decks, and thus admitting air. The flames consequently rose with fresh vigour, and the interior of the vessel was almost totally destroyed. The loss is estimated at upwards
of !H),0«0/.
Fatal Boiler Exrr.osiosi.— On Wednesday the 4th, a boiler explosion at Middlewieh was at- tended by very melancholy con- sequences. At the iron-foundry of Mr. Samuel Heath, an engine of 0 or 7 -horse power was used to drive a fun to give blast to a furnace in which the ore was heated. The steam was generated in a boiler which had been bought second -hand about fourteen years In-fur*, and was quite worn out; it had an old-fashioned safety- valve, but no steam-gauge or
indicator; the feed-pump was worked from time to time by hand, and it was the custom to tie down the safety-valve in order to obtain a greater pressure of steam. All these preliminaries having been thus carefully pre- pared, what is called " nn acci- dent" occurred. The boiler had been heated to the utmost, the engine had driven the fan at speed, and the ore was molten and ready for casting. The engine, having done its work, was at rest ; the workmen went to tea, leaving Mr. Heath and his two sons to watch the furnace. Perhaps the safety- valve was tied down as usual — possibly the water in the boiler had been allowed to get too low, until steam was generated to a fearful pressure : — but the boiler burst with a tremendous explosion that shook the whole neighbour- hood as an earthquake: t ho boiler, which was riven into three frag- ments, was forced through the wall into the next house ; the engine was crushed, and the build- ing (three stories) was shattered. When the daring exertions of the neighbours had searched the ruins, undeterred by the vapour, dust, end molten metal, the bodies of tho father and his two sons were found, horribly burnt and bruised. One son was quite dead, the other so injured that his life was held in great danger, ami the father, just alive, but without hope of recovery. In February, a similar "acci- dent'' occurred at Messrs. Tod's, at Edinburgh. The engine was stopped while the men had their break fast : some went home, those who did not came to the engine- room, in order to obtain a good head of steam for the re-start, tho ciigineman placed a heavy iron rako on the ssfeiy-vslve. The o
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 the boiler burst, Atrocities ok American Mek- of super- heated chant Ships. — The cruelties for that the people which the United States' merchant [fully annldedjiind service has of lute years become id in agony, justly infamous, demand the im B, steam boiler in mediate attention of their Execu- ne Colliery, near tive Government if they wish to ided with fatal retain the character, or indeed the ue una employed condition, of a civilized people. water out of the Deeds of violence cannot be per- lid at the rate of petnited with impunity without nute, and worked quickly di'iiii'i':ilii:hi<j the coramu- It was supplied nity which Buffers them. In a few -co boilers. The years an American merchantman ised to be in ex- will he a floating hell ; every boy lie two engineers who goes on board will learn the ) of the boilers horrible lesson, and by the time ho nnd having found has strength to use marline spikes ;ied with water, and knuckle-dusters he will be too iscend, when one bad for amthing but the gallows. tat violence. Ono The British Government linvo blown up somo concluded with the Government of |
JAN.]
CHRONICLE.
15
been told than that of which the scene wu the American barque Anna. The two mates. Lane and IIitcb, were brought before the magistrates of Southampton early in January, charged with having canned the death of no fewer than tix of their seamen (all blacks] by a series of atrocious cruelties. The yellow fever, however, had been on board the vessel, and possibly more limit one of these deaths may be attributable (as was aliened by the mates) to that disease. The deaths of two of the six were, however, certainly the direct results of the art* of the accused.
The first part of the statement made by John Thomas, one of the surviving coloured men, relates to tho murder of James Armstrong. Lane, the chief mate, gave an order to this unhappy creature. He did not attend to it ss quickly as the mate wished, and Lane, taking up a mallet, struck him with it over tho eye. Tho man "jumped up, fell im the main-deck with his head forward, and then leaned over the chain. I went to hi* assistance, put my hand on his hesd, and pulled it back, and I saw that his It- ft fyo was running out." Arm- mrung wa.i then sent half insen- sible " down on the martingale under the bowsprit to clear tho earring." Hu was washed off the martingale and towed along in tho water by the earring, round which Ids arm was coiled. As Abraham I lock, another coloured seaman. wbh about to haul him in. the chief mat'- mUI, " Don't haul that nigger in ; cut the earring, and let him go!" About two minutes after Armstrong let go hi* hold, and was lost. Another man, John Turtle, was dragged down by Hires, the second mate, who "tamped on his bead with his tea-boots. Turtle
died, and the witness swears that he found the bone of tho forehead broken in the centre. A youth named Johnson and a man named Frank also died after being ill- treated in the most frightful man- ner by the mates, and, though the deaths may not have been imme- diately the result of the beating and the choking, yet, supposing the negroes to have been in a weakly stole from fever, there can be little doubt that such usage must have tended to produce fatal conse- quences. In all, six coloured men perished, and their deaths were all charged to the mates by the sur- viving seamen.
As the offences were committed on board an American vessel and on the high seas, the American Minister in this country sent s protest against the jurisdiction of tho court, and nothing remained for the magistrates but to dismiss the charge. The American Minis- ter having, however, made the de- mand with the formalities required by tho treaty, the ruffians were again arrested. The necessary evidence was tsken before the magistrates, who were of opinion thai four charges were so fsr sub- stantiated that they were justified in committing the prisoners to gaol, until they should be delivered to American authorities under war- rant from the Secretary of State.
The investigation into the caso of the Anna was still proceeding, when George Dower or Stevens, the second mute of th" American ship Deranthirt. was brought, under tha extradition treaty, before the How -street magistrate*, charged with the wilful murder of a seaman named Humphreys.
It appesred thai the accused was a man whom the whole craw held in dread, and that the dec
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NNUAL REGISTER [I860 ed to much ill prisoner strike or ill-use the de- day the ship left, censed, and that he did nothing locked him down whatever to him at the time he in by a blow in went overboard, the magistrate issaulta were re- thought that they proved rather day, sometimes too much, and that it was the others wiih fists, duty of the United States' tri- ickswhen down, bunals to decide which narrative om New York on was tho true one ; the accused jer ; before the was therefore ordered to be re- the victim was tained in custody, to he banded iid to heel, and over to the American authorities, if blood. On the The ruffian was convicted at New the ship was off York of manslaughter, and sen- ivfuuudland ; the tenced to three years' confinement t the main-top- and a fine of 300 dollars, sses heard the At the same time, a seaman of Humphreys in tbo American ship, Wizard King. and disgusting died within our jurisdiction; and own to the deck, a coroner's inquest was held on ■ kick him sa- bis body. The jury, however, face with heavy found that he died of exhaustion, |
MB.) CHRONICLE. 17
Chatham. They wen divided into bad been broken into on Saturday two gangi, one of which, consist- night, and two " wide-awakes," a ing of nine convicts, waa placed pair of boots, and other articles in a compartment of a second-class stolen ; the thieves leaving in ex- carriage of the Great Western change their own caps. On Sun- Railway, under the charge of two day, during the hours of divine officers ; the other four in another service, two men of remarkable ap- com pertinent, under one officer, pearance were seen passing along These desperadoes were fastened the market-place of Reading. The to each other by the usual irons police soon got scent of these sns- and chains. The train reached picioua strangers, and after watch- Reading without any suspicions ing for some time pounced upon movement being observed ; but them, and secured them after a aoon after the train left that sta- desperate resistance. They then tion, two of the more numerous admitted that they were the fugi- gang suddenly jumped from their tive convicts. On searching them, seals and leaped through the win- and removing a brown slop frock dow of the door, the train at the which one wore, there were found moment running at the rate of beneath, an old woman's cloak and thirty miles an hour. The two a shirt, which being stripped off, officers in charge were amazed at the prison dress became visible; their intrepidity ; but on looking the other had only a smock frock near the doorway it was discovered over his official costume. They that both of them had managed to said that their foil " shook every slip the irons from off their wrists, bone in their bodies," but neither and that therefore they wore not had received any injury. After their shackled in any way in their move- perilous leap they bad concealed menta. The other convicts did not themselves in a wood under exhibit any desire to be refractory branchea and leaves ; and when or violent, the experiment of ea- night rime on they stole forth, caping not being one which they intending to make their way to were disposed to adopt. London, but being bewildered in
When the train stopped at the the darkness and an unknown next station (Slough) the alarm country tbey lost their way, and was given, information was tele- with daylight found themselves graphed back, and a diligent search near Reading, which they were immediately instituted. It was sup- attempting to steal through when posed that some trace would be they were observed and recaptured, found at the spot where the men S. Mubder awn Suicide at had leaped out, and that at least Covektbt. — Another of thoae they must have received injuries domestic tragedies, which have that would prevent flight. But there occurred so frequently of late, was no trace of .blood, torn cloth- has been perpetrated at Coventry. iiiR. or any mark whatever. The Some fourteen or fifteen years ago, county police and prison officers Henry Fewaon, a butcher, married were turned out to search the a young woman, from whom bow- woods, hedges, and wild country ; ever he shortly separated, certain but no sign of the fugitives was circumstances having come to the discoverable. The police, indeed, husband's knowledge which raismd found that a cottage at Woodier him to suspect bis wife's chastity
Vol. CIL C
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.NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 it of thousands, bales, 4c, were swept along the escued men, one coast. Sixteen mail-bugs were nd exposure. Tile recovered, but saturated into pulp. :bceuf is famous in Among those who perished by this nglish history as disaster were Mr. Noah, a valuable in which, on !he servant of the Post-office, who wns 11 '40, a vessel now making his last trip previous he Nef, which had to retiring from the service; and liililrm of Henry Mr. Marcus Talbot, a member of , the Earl and the Canadian Legislature, and sou ester, BDd a great of the proprietor of the LeinsleY mages of dislinc- Express. .itli their attend- 19. Collision and Loss of thf. ;ed. The three "Ondine."— At 8 a.m., as the id everybody else, steamer Qndine, from Dublin to a native of Rouen London, was abreast of Beachey ill), perished. Head, she came into collision with ass of the Mail- the schooner Heroine, of Bideford. 3AK1AS." — Much The steamer received bo much been caused in damage that she sunk, and in less America by the than twenty minutes not a trace reck of the Mont- was left of her. The Ondine. on o^hipCojnpaHVisln^rnassrnzeJia^ |
FEB.] CHRONICLE. 21
neariyfall of water. Nevertheless, down. — Between land 3a.m., the in this precarious refuge, twelve extensive cooperage of Mr. Brad- men, three women and two chil- ford, at Horsolydown, was de- dren embarked. The mate says, etruyed by fire. Several of the " Aa we were leaving the ship, a engines of the fire brigade were good many faces were looking already engaged in extinguishing down at us." There were still email fires which had broken out available for the rescue of the re- on the eouth side of the rirer ; but roaming passengers the cotter and the light spread around by the the jolly-boat The latter, we conflagration of the cooperage waa know, armed safe at Dover with ao considerable, that all that could twenty-one persons; of the other be spared hastened to that place, it ia not known whether she waa By the time they arrived the launched, or swamped with her flames had spread to a number of living burden. When the life- email houses in the vicinity, and it boat shoved off from the steamer, appeared probable that a great she waa ao deeply submerged that conflagration would ensue. By the the water reached up to the peo- exertion of the firemen, however, pie's waists aa they sat on the a further extension of the flamea thwarts, being kept from entirely was prevented ; bat Mr. Bradford's sinking by the cork iu her com- premises were entirely destroyed, pertinents. Her wretched freight, and a considerable number of the in a short time, beheld the steamer adjoining buildings more or lees rise forward in the air, and then injured.
go down stern foremost. Soon 90. Dbudhil Accidxkt ox
afterwards the people in the boat thk Eastern Cooimxa Railway.
began to be exhausted from the —A railway accident, the moat
sea breaking over them, and drop- ratal to life and limb that baa
ped one by one. Mrs. Marsh (the occurred for some time peat, hap-
wifeofoneof the rescued persons) pened on the Eastern Counties
and one of her children were first line as a train was passing through
overcome and swept away, the other the Tottenham station. died from exhaustion, consequent The train left Cambridge at
on the waah of the sea and the 7 a. h. Subsequent inquiry pat it
bitter north-west wind, in its beyond doubt that the officers of.
father's arms. The lady passenger the Company had performed their
and stewardess next followed, and duties in every respect : the engine
so on, one after the other, until was in excellent order ; the wheels
only the three rescued were left, of the engine, tender, and oar-
The numbers who had perished riagee had been sounded, and
and been washed out of the boat seemed quite perfect, and the
had considerably lightened her, officials of the train were ea-
and the survivors were thus kept perienced and steady men. Thai
afloat until they were rescued, train oonaiated of the engine and
benumbed and exhausted, by the tender, the break, and eight cer-
Tketu. The captain waa one of riagee. Aa Monday is the great
those who perished ; the paeaen- metropolitan market-day, there
gen were mostly invalid sol- were a considerable number of
diers on furlough, and women and passengers, most of them millers,
children. corn-dealers, and ethers, coming op
10. Objut Fire u Uossilt- to attend the markets. Every.
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1880 iiiti), about 9. SO, neighbouring taverns, on ladders, 1 within a short boards, or cushions; medical ns- ottenlmra stution. sistance was telegraphed for, and ;he guard on the all done that was possible to observed gravel assuage the Bufferings of those tho engine with who jet lived. The engine-driver i guard instantly was found dreadfully scalded, as . with such power well as crushed ; be died speedily ; 0 fragments; he hia fireman w«b smashed to pieces; turn over; the Mr. Stokes, a miller, of Saffrou ■eak-carriage was Walden, and Mr. Sutchell, hatter, 1 broke out. Ho of Feiiehureh Street, were 60 up of ruins, and dreadfully injured that they uevor regained consciousness, and died waiting on the in a few hours. The latter iinfur- otienhain station tuoate gentleman lost his wife and ; aroused by an child by a fire some time ago. looked down the The seriously wounded were Mr, ie engine of an Manser, grocer, of Harlow, com- ii off the rails, pound fracture of the left leg, the ground ; on amputated ; Mr, Manser, junior, form it struck it, brother of tho above, dislocated |
FEB.) CHRONICLE. 28
long investigation «H held into silk merchants, 199, Wood Street;
the cause of this fracture. It when by some accident or mia-
appeared that the wheels of the management there was a large
engine had been in use some escape of gaa on the basement,
moderate time, that at the time of which ascended the stairs and
their manufacture and frequently passages. The gas by some means
since they bad been subjected to was ignited, a great explosion took
the usual teats, and had always place, and the flames ascended the
1 to be perfectly sound, stratum of gas with frightful i
appeared i Neverthele
Nevertheless, it appeared olearly, pidity : the house speedily took from the minute inspection, that fire in erery part The clerks the destruction of this tire ren- engaged on the premises escaped dered probable that there had ex> with difficulty. The engines were isted from the very beginning an speedily in action, and poured imperfection in the welding which, Tolumea of water, without being from eome inexplicable cause, oe- able to extinguish the flames, curring at this particular moment, which spread to the adjoining led to instantaneous disruption of premises; nor could they be got the parts. Whether it was or was under before the evening, by which not possible that a sufficiently time an enormous quantity of mer- careful inspection of the lire before ehandize had been destroyed by it wu passed from the factory as Are and water. The owners were sound would ha*e revealed this rery largely insured ; but an action flaw was a matter on which scien- was brought against the gas com- tine authorities differed ; but the pany by one of the merchants on verdict of the coroner's jury was— behalf of the insurers, seeking to " We find that the deceased men render tbe company liable for the met with their deaths from the loss on the ground of negligence ; breaking of the tire of one of the but it did not appear that their leading wheels of the engine, in workmen had omitted any usual consequence of the defective weld ; precaution, and the action failed, and we are of opinion that, had Had it succeeded, other actions proper caution and vigilance been would have followed for damages used, the same might hare been to the extent of 130,0001. detected." 97. Akotrer Gils. — At 10 a.m. 97. DtSTRVOTrvs Finn in ths another gale, more furious than the Cut. — Wood Street, Cheapside, preceding, began to blow : it con* and the streets and alleys adjoin- tinned for forty-two hours, and a ing, are tbe bead-quarters of the pressure of twenty-eight pounds wholesale dealers in lace and silk on the square foot waa registered. goods, woollens, Manchester wares, On the Tuesday the gale waa Ac. ; and the large old-fashioned most terrific. In the metropolis mansions in this locality are let and suburbs. Stacks of chimneys out to numerous firms, whose were dashed through roofs; boats rooms are packed with goods of capsized, skylights carried away, immense value. About 11.30 a.m. children Mown under horses and the workmen of the Central Oae carts, and streets strewn with Company were doing some repairs chimney-pots and the dtbrit of on- to the gaa-pipee in the premises of roofed houses. Two men were Messrs. saorley and Co., lace and blown into tbe Deptford Canal and
MABCH] CHRONICLE. 26
and as the mtthw mi thou mo- Uod. The bum of Mrth which derate, ami the entrance to Uilford had filled up the space between Haven well open, the commander the natural slope of the hill of the Nimrod merely requested and the retaining wall, becoming that he should be reported at charged with moisture, pressed Waterford, and the City of Pari* outwards the foundations of the bteamed on. Soon after the gale wall, which had not, unfortunately, came on, and the unmanageable been carried down to the natural vessel was driven on the rocks. rock. An extensive landslip, in consequence, took place on Thurs- day night, the masonry (ailing, dis- — totted and shattered, on the fee* of the lapsed embankment. The tj/iu original cost of the formation of MABCH. the. terrace was between 50001 and 80001. I. Fall or Ramsay Tsbjuox, a. Explosion at the Boshadok Eoinbuboh. — The picturesque Coal-fit — urventy-iix Lews lost, marine terrace, erected by the late — Another fearful 'coal-mine ex- Lord Murray, on a spur of the plosion has occurred, by which the Castle Hill, Edinburgh, overhang- lives of seventy-six men and boys ing Princess Street Gardens, has have been lost. The Burradon given way, owing to defective foun- Colliery ia near the Killingworth nation, and become a mass of station of the North- Eastern Rail. ruins. To -the locality the poet way, not far from Newcastle. It Allan Ramsay had, by residence is an old pit in the Wall's End and property, given his name, and group, and formerly belonged to the late Lord Murray, to whom Lord Ravensworth and partners, the property some time ago de- but recently worked by Messrs. scended, determined both to beau- Bowers and Co., of Leeds. The tify the situation by the erection workings extend for many miles, of a promenade commanding a and the main seams having been tine view of the New Town and of exhausted, the " broken," i. *. the the valley below, and to honour large pillars of coal that bad been the memory of his ancestral rela* left after exhausting the sections tire by the erection of a statue, of the main, were being wrought The terrace was designed to be in in the more distant part* of the harmony with projected improve- pit: in other parts the "whole," ments on the Castle, and at the or untouched portions of the seams coat end a lodge was erected in the were being worked. Between Scotch Baronial style. The work seventy and eighty men were em- had been completed with the ex- ployed in the former working, and cepiion of the placing of the between thirty and forty in the statue, for which Mr. Swell had latter. The pit, being on the low been commissioned, when about main, bad a bad reputation, as three weeks ago several rents beingnory and dangerous; bat, not- begun to appear in the maaonry. withstanding this evil fame, al- Attempts were made to prevent though the men engaged on the the mischief spreading ; but the " broken " worked by the light of heavy rains completed the doetroc- Davy's safety lamps, those who
HABCH] CHRONICLE. 27
in snmotant time to escape ; bat ft 7. Thi Rirx* Toldbtxbu. — lodger, being suddenly awakened On the 12th Hay, 1859, ■ Circular by the alarm, lost his presence of from the Secretary of State for Wftt mind, rushed into the homing announced that the Queen permit- rooms and perished : bis wife, be* ted the formation of Volunteer Rifle ing intercepted by the flames. Corps. This interesting document jumped out of the second-Boor is given in our last volume. The window, and received such injury patriotic spirit of the people caught by the all that she died in a few eagerly the generous flame ; and minutes after admission into St. although no imminent danger Bartholomew's Hospital. Their threatened oar shores end made daughter and two other persons self-defence a matter of necessity, were alao so much hurt by falling yet such was the general convic- from the second-floor window, that lion that our vast national wealth they also were conveyed to the and national character were insuffi- HospitaL ciently guarded, and could never T. Launch or TBI "Hows,1* 181 be sufficiently guarded bnt by the Gum.— • A noble vessel of the most personal exertions of the people, improved construction, to bear the that numerous associations were name of the gallant victor of " the formed in all parts of England. glorious First of June," and intend- Aa in every great national move- ed to replace the old How, at ISO ment not arising from the pressure guns, waa launched at Pembroke of immediate danger and the ne- amid the cheers of a large sssem- cessity of self-preservation, but blags of visitors. The nam waa based on the deep and rational designed by Sir Baldwin Walker, conviction of the thoughtful, the Surveyor of the Navy, and was earliest development of the Vol un- laid down in March. 185(1. Uer teer army waa, or seemed, of alow principal dimensions are aa fol- growth. At first little was heard lows :— of it ; and, therefore, when time p«i. la. had permitted the formatiou of
Lssfta, sEtresat 801 1 some general scheme, the wide*
Ditto, bttwMs parpndinlui 380 0 ,pre»„ character of the movement
BvwV1SrtstaMT '« u '"onservedwithafeelingofwr-
Ditto, fcrtoaaaga (Hi 9 P"*"- |No sooner did a concurrence
Ditto, ■oaMoa 69 4 of reports indicate that the move-
Dop«*i-l»H *1 4 ment would be a great one, than
BurcUa, in Mas, 43M 10.94. the corps multiplied and strength- ened in every direction. Bat el-
Her armament will be as fol- though a very general armament
tows :— was observable, the levies had not, before the clone of the year, aa-
* Dsck.-tt 8-iu. pm, flfi ewk, iom81j m MbMf9 „ organiaed and
l(i^DssL-Ma-Ia.na-.Uewt., "PP"»"» * *» .•»'• **««»• •
e ft iga,. •• great fact, and, therefore, did
IsajJiOssk.— M tt-psandsts, M svL, not obiain a pJaos in the recorda of
8 It s i*. bag. ihis CkrenicU. Nevertheless, be-
L'« M.-M "Poo»d«». « v-t., fore tha ye.r Closed, a con^derabta
8fL lou ; 1 SS-pooDdtf, l«tet, Mtn.. ,*. *. ... .^^
10 ft. ioLi umJ °* *•*■ ,BO** wWl-fswl, ao-
Uwoacuktaan 1000-sort* an***, uve, and enterprising of our people
0 fl long.
|
*JNUAL REGISTER. [1860 it degree of or- simple and ineipensive as possi- ieiency, and iu bie ; and in consequence the great wo had become majority of the infantry corps illation at home had adopted greys ; but this gene- t abroad. The ral colour was somewhat varied by vays unwilling, difference of tints and braidings, if the immense and especially by diversity in. the rity and respect patterns of the head coverings, ich the " move- Some corps had indulged iu an in- :o confer — were dependent taste; and their gayer In hsud the vestments, and the more varied Her Majesty, clothing of the cavalry and artillery jvery manifests- corps, gave picturesque! Less to the 1 respect of her shifting groups that moved around edly shown her the Palace. Nearly 2500 officers iasm which had assembled on this interesting oc- ands round her casion. iree months of It is worthy to be remarked how passed, upwards the self-planted institution out- i(e of the popu- grew first the conception of the and Scotland Government, and then the antici- odies with mili- pinions of its own most ardent ad- jm^ver^toiiu^^voein^a^InDeceinbe^i^TOsai^^^^ |
MARCH]
CHRONICLE.
29
the rest wen working with such diligence and zeal that the; would shortly become valuable soldiers. Indeed, it is probable, that had the summer months been any other than one uninterrupted series of rains and storms, the close of 1 800 would haveaeen250.000or300,000 Volunteers in efficient training.
Great Fires ih London. ~ The metropolis has witnessed two destructive fires within a few days.
On the 7th inst., a fire broke out in the extensile premises of Messrs. Skipper and East, in Eastcheap. The firm are very largely engaged in the printing business, and iu the manufacture of lodgers, account- books, and Other kinds of mercantile stationery, The fire occurred immediately after the premises were opened for business ; and notwithstanding that assistance was immediately at hand, and that the brigade en- gines were speedily in action, the fire could not be subdued until one of the great floating engines was brought to the nearest wharf. By these united exertions the fire was got under in the afternoon. A large part of Messrs. Skipper's premises and stock was destroyed, and the rest much damaged. The neighbouring houses also suffered much injury; and at one time fears were entertained for the safety of the beautiful church of St. DunMan's.
On the loth, at 3 a.m., a very destructive fire occurred in the ex- tensive premises of Mr. Matthews, curn.r and leather merchant, in HermonJsey. The fire originated in tho stores, where were kept the materials for japanning leather. These are of a most inflammable nature, and the flames conse- quently extended with great ra-
pidity to the rest of the work- shops. The bright glare of the flsmes summoned nearly all the engines of the brigade ; but, not- withstanding their exertions, the whole range of buildings was de- stroyed.
9. Borolart and Odtbaok.— At the York assizes, Michael O'Brien, aged 40, was charged with burglary in the dwelling-house of the Rev. John Wynn, and steal- ing therein one coat and about 25J. in gold, and other articles, his property ; also, with assaulting the said John Wynn, with intent to murder him, at Nappa, on the 1st of January last.
This was a Terr brutal affair. On the night of the 31st of Decem- ber last Mr. Wynn and his house- hold, which consisted of one or two women servants snd a boy, retired to rest at 10 o'clock, leaving all safe. About 3 o'clock on the following morning the boy came to his master's bedside and told him that there were strangers in the house. Mr. Wynu rose, and immediately heavy footsteps were heard upon the stairs. Thereon, the boy took refuge in his bedroom and got under the bed. while Mr. Wynn secreted himself in a dark closet, opposite hia own bedroom. The burglars having searched the boy's room, without discovering his con- cealment, proceeded to the closet, when Mr. Wynn presented him- self. He then found that the bur- glars consisted of two persona, one) of whom was taller than the other, and the features of both of whom were concealed. The taller man had in his hand a hay spade, while the lesser man carried a lamp. Mr. Wynn, on being struck with the bay spade on the head and severely hurt, immediately grap- pled the taller man, when a fierce
MABOH] CHRONICLE. 81
became angry end fired revolvers, The next morning the prisoner groin g Wiuher's clothing. The came, end found her in bed et Utter fired, end ahot both deed, about half-pest 0 o'clock, end en* A grandson of Witchor, named deatoored to persuade her to re- Smith, attempted to enter, when turn with biro. What passed be- thtt third Clemen* fired upon him. tween them that morning is not Smith immediately killed him with known; but at about half-past 10 e bowie knife. Captain Witcher o'clock they left her mother's house is a Totoran of seventy-five jeers, together, and were shortly after-
me to possess all the wards seen ascending a rising
promptitude which is acquired bj groundcalledSommer's-hill.Onthe
long experience. side opposite to that on which they
14. THE Luton Wobdeb. At ascended is a mound and old chalk*
Bedford Assises Joseph Castle was pit called the Dell. Here the body
indicted for the wilful murder of of the deceased was found before
Jane Castle, hie wife, st Luton, on IS o'clock that morning, about
the Oth of August. The circum- two hours after she had left her
stances connected with the com- mother's house. Death bad been
mission of this murder showed caused by a deep stab in the throat,
Cand careful premeditation, but there were other wounds and prisoner and the deceased marks, which proved that a den- woman had been married about perete struggle had taken place in two years, lodging in a house be- the road above the chalk-nit. In longing to the prisoner's uncle, at a barley-field, seven yards from Ware, in Hertfordshire. They the body, that afternoon a knife had not lived happily together, and was found covered with fresh blood, a day or two previous to the nth This knife was shown to have been of August there had been some used by the prisoner's uncle, and wrangling between litem, and the to have been used by the prisoner wife bad determined to return to and the deceased while lodging in her mother. The deceased accord- the uncle's house. That same inglji on the morning of Monday, afternoon the prisoner went on to the 8th of August, left Ware on Welwyn, thirteen miles distant, foot, accompanied by a young girl, ami gave himself up to a police- a cousin of the prisoner, who car- constable, saying, " I am your ried a bundle of clotbes fur her, prisoner. I have had a row with " repeatedly," as the girl said, my wife, and cannot tell what the " looking liack, dreading lest her consequence was." Shortly after- husband should be following her." wanls a constable from Luton ar- The girl left her at Hertford, and rived, and told the prisoner that he she went on alone, stopping a had come to take him into custody short time at a house at Cromer on the charge of murdering his wife Hyde. It was shown that very at Sommenes. The prisoner re- shurtly after she had left, the pri- plied, "Murder! murder!" He soiier was there making inquiries appeared much excited at the time, about her. In the mean time the and on his way back to Luton. deceased bad arrived at Luton, while in custody, he laid that ha and then went to her mother's had never been in trouble before bouse. She slept there that night, in his life, and this wonld not have •ad appeared in great distress, happened if she (meaning his win)
|
NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 m Luton. On Episcopal Church, in so far as he a his wife was, taught (1) that "the Eucharistic er on the road- Sacrifice is the same substantially und before now. with that of tho croBs;" ('ii that " The police- "supreme adoration is due to the our wife is dead; body and blood of Christ niyste- hroat." Lie re- riously present in the gifts," and =r throat is cut that " tho worship is due not to the butshe has cut gifts, but to Christ in the gifts ;" i van sonic blood (i\) " that in some sense the wicked i trousers, and a do receive Christ indeed, to their jumb and finger condemnation and loss," whereby which was then the doctrines (1) of the oneness of tho oblation of Christ finished on up for the pri- the cross, of the perfect propitia- e circumstances tion which He there ouce made, ch as that the and of the Holy Eucharist being o manslaughter a, memorial or commemoration of «is no evidence His death and sacrifice on the ec eased had not cross; ('J) of the non -adoration of land, But the the sacramental bread and wine, fouud the pri- and non-corporal presence of |
MARCH]
CHRONICLE.
33
to ■ certain extent inconsistent therewith; find thtt the third charge of the presentment is not proven. But in consideration of the explanations and modifications offered by the respondent in his answers in reference to the first charge; and in consideration, also, that the respondent now only asks toleration for his opinions, and does not claim for them the au- thority of the Church, or any right to enforce them on those subject to his jurisdiction, we, the College of Bishops, feel that we shall best discharge our duty in this painful case by limiting onr sentence to a declaration of cen- sure and admonition ; and we do now solemuly admonish, and in all brotherly love entreat, the Bishop of Brechin to be more careful for the future, so that no fresh occa- sion dim be given for trouble and offence, such as has arisen from the delivery and publication of (he primary charge to his clergy com* plained of in the presentment."
IS. Shocking Moktautt on board a TiUNsroHT-Binp. — On the morning of Thursday, the Great Tatmania, transport, ar- rived at Liverpool from Calcutta. She was known to hare on board a large number of troops, aud ru- mours immediately spread through- out the port that she was one vsst lszar-house. A steamer was en- gaged, and the vessel communi- cate! with. When tbe official* went on board, the ship presented a shocking spectacle. There were, or there had been, within her deck*, beside the crew, upwards of l ikio officers and soldiers, with women and children. More than 300 of these unfortunates were in Ihe last stage of prostration from dysentery, scurry, and fever— re- duced to mere skeleton*, their
Vol. C1I.
bones and sinews merely covered with skin, and their faces, pallid and emaciated, more like those of corpses than living beings. About 140 were in such a fearful con- dition, that had the arrival of the ship been delayed but a few days they must have died. Many of them lay on the bare decks with most scanty covering, others, fortu- nate enough to be provided with hammocks, lay without any other covering than their ordinary ap- parel. The stench on the decks was sickening— below, pestilential. Immediate steps were taken to af- ford relief to the sufferers, and to remove from the ship her plague- stricken freight A large quantity of beef, bread, and vegetables was sent on board. Spring carts were sent down to the beach to convey the sick to the infirmaries, and sixty rugs. This supply of cloth- ing was insufficient even to cover the unfortunates, many of whom were consequently placed in the carts half naked. One died on the way. He had on nothing but a pair of drawers and a flannel shirt — both saturated with wet — and so, it was said, he had lain for weeks exposed to the weather. Three others died before tbe fol- lowing night, and three corpse* were removed from the ship. Others died in days or weeks after. How many may be said to have been restored to perma- nent health?
From the evidence of the mi- litary officers, it appeared that tbe troopi embarked on board the Great Tiumania consisted of por- tions of nearly every European regimeut in the late East India Company's army. They were all men who had taken share in the " strike," or whatever it may be most properly called, on t D
i nnrnhasy—
|
NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 f the Company's gaged as an emigration ship, and iwn. The same was then licensed to carry 400 insubordination passengers: nor was any person ■terized litis out- allowed to embark who had any i uctuale the men contagious or dangerous disease, ids had been, bo Oh hoard this vessel were now :eded to. Many packed more than 1000 adults, at distant sta- all iu the lowest physical and whole course of moral condition, and without pro- ice to the plaeo per clothing, bedding, or cover- was a continued ing. There was but one medical t and starvation, officer, aided by a dispenser, on those at Calcutta hoard. The ship sailed from the se bettor— conti- Hoogley on the 0th November. s and debauchery A fortnight after wards the beef titutious. Thus, was found lo be had, and was cou- ihle force, which demned by a committee of officers strength of the and the surgeon. (Indian beef is f exertions with- altogether uusuited for ship pur- l history, debili- poses.) Next the beer became inl- and the climate, drinkable, and was thrown over- ly the wildest ex- board. On the 20tb December |
MABOH]
CHRONICLE.
86
at every master they wen found deficient 60 or 100— the men, in bet, threw them overboard to save themselves the trouble of bringing them up to mutter for perhaps of cleansing them); the decks be- came foul with all the f<Btor of disease; then came scurry, the terrible consequence of foul air and bad food. During the voyage nearly S00 men were affected, and became so debilitated that they oould scarcely be prevailed upon to take food. When the ship put into St Helena on the tiind Janu- ary there had been many deaths; many aoocumbed to scurvy in Fe- bruary ; and when the ship entered the Mersey on the lath March, the survivors issued from her as the survivors of a plague-stricken city. In all about eighty jiersons perished on this disastrous voyage.
IS. Mdhdkb at Stamford.— An old lady of some property, and eccentric habits, residing at Stam- ford, hus been found murdered, under horrible circumstance*. The neighbours observed that the house of tin- deceased (whose name was Eliaahcth Pulley) had not been opened for two days, and this cir- cumstance giving rise to alarm, notice was given to the police, who, with a clerk to the deceased's solicitor, proceeded to the house. The front door was locked ; but by scaling the garden wall entrance was gained to the house by the backdoor, which was found open. On entering the kitchen, the body of Miss Pulley was found lying on tho hearthstone in front of the fireplace. The deceased was fully dressed, a small bonnet lay against the head, and by her left aide, between the body and the fire- place, was an upright brass candle- stick, which seemed to have fallen from her hand. The clothes were
partly burnt off, and the body was also mneh injured by fire. Materials for fire were arranged iu the grate ; but they had not been lighted. The various articles about the room did not appear to have been disarranged. In the break- fast-room, opposite the kitchen, there was on the table a bottle con- taining sherry, with a wine-glass, which had been used, by the side of it. About three glasses of wine had been taken from the bottle. The other rooms in the house pre- sented no noticeable indications, though some drawers appeared to be in a confused and tumbled state. The observation of the examiners does not seem to have been very acute, for, notwithstanding some circumstances which should have aroused suspicion, they came to the conclusion that either the de- ceased had had a fit, Slid, in falling, had set her clothes on fire, or that she had accidentally set her clothes on fire and been burnt to death.
When, however, inquiries were made into the deceased's effects, a cheque for upwards of 500/., and another for 1 161. 16*. Ad., were missed ; next, it waa found that some jewellery, which the de- ceased was known to wear, was gone. Indications of violence ap- peared on a diligent search. What was thought a human bone, but proved to be a tooth, with human hair adhering to it, was found among the ashes ; then pieces of burnt cord ; and then it was found that all the plate, of which the de- ceased was known to pontes a Soantity. bad disappeared ; and so her desk, in which ahe waa accustomed to keep small articles of value. It waa now thought that aha had been naordered, and that the murderer, after plundering the house, had set fire to tier clothes, poa- D 3
|
N N U A L REGISTER. [1 8C0 he (Infraction of received in payment one 10/. note onceal his crime, issued by the hank, and the rest in :abinet- maker in coin. No such sum of money was Corby. On the found in the house ; but Corby had i the body of the paid some arrears of rent with d, Corby's woik- such a note. It was found also i a shelf in the that Corby had given to a woman ood writing-desk, a pair of boots, which were idenli- ig. Curiosity in- fied as a pair which had been sold to examine the by the maker to Miss Pulley, is usual contents The inquiries into the perpetrn- ere found in this, tion and circumstances of so terri- )g-rings, one in- hie a crime were protracted to a Pulley," another great length, and every result f ; " a larj>o guld tended to prove conclusively that ver coin, numer- Corby was the murderer, and that rkable coins of lie had committed the crime on ■, wedding and the night of the 10th March. All 1 other artir-les, speculation on the subject was, e recognized as however, cut short by the deter- tho possession mined suicide of the accused. He There were also was confined in a cell in Stamford |
MARCH)
CHRONICLE.
37
large portion of tho missing piste was discovered in s rather singular manner. Two men were fishing in the back-water of some mills near Stamford, when their atten- tion was attracted to something glittering on the bottom. By a dexterous use of their books they succeeded in drawing out about thirty silver spoons, forks, Ac, all of which were part of the plunder of Miss Pulley's house.
IB. A Ship's Crew poisoned. — About • fortnight ago, a Prussian brig Itrinrich (Jiutur, in entering tho liarboiir of Itamsay, Isle of Man, ran upon a bank, and finally became a total wreck. The master and crew were berthed ashore. On tho 10th instant the captain's son was taken violently ill, and after enduring great pain died : at the same lime the rest of the crew became similarly affected, and be- fore morning three died. <>u in- quiry, it was found that when tho master, in conjunction with others, purchased the vessel, there was on timrd ns part of the stores a can, of which the contents were un- known : but which was supposed In be arrowroot. In the confusion of ilx- wreck this can wis taken inshore along with an earthenware jar of arrowroot, and other cook's Mores. When, therefore, the con- tent* of the earthen jar were ex- hausted, the captain's son brought to the cook this fatal can. and the cook added to the mesa four table* spuoufule of arsenic— for such in fact was the white material in the cm. The captain's son died in twenty minutes after he bad taken ln» share of the supper.
)*. KaI.I. OK Tllt'HXTOH ClURCH
Tomer. — Shortly before midnight of Sunday, (he ji*ih inetant— and therefore but a few hours after evening service — the tower of
Thurston Church (near Bury St. Edmund's) fell with a great crash, bringing down at the same time the roof of the nave and aisles to the extent of thirty-five feet, with three pillars and arches on one side and two on the other, and burying in the ruins the peal of five bells and the font, shattering the pews and the great door, and much injuring the organ (nearly a new one), which had been placed at the west end of the north aisle, close to the tower. The tower was about seventy-five feet high, the lower part of the fourteenth cen- tury, the upper of a later date. The church also dales from the four- teenth century, but with many later alterations.
111. Curious Will Case.— Tho Assize Court at Derby has been engaged fur three days in trying a will case, which involves some very curious circumstances.
Tho testator, George Nutiall, was a surveyor, residing at Mat- lock—a business-like and shrewd mau, not overburdened with edu- cation, nor very careful iu morals — for he lived on terms of more than cousinbond with a female eou*>in ; whose sister served them in the lower capacity of maid-ser- vant. Thia latter, in time, married a young man named Else, whom the testator had brought up in his office, and employed in copying documents, keeping account*, ana sometimes in writing his letters. Besides his illegitimate children, the testator's next relatives were cousins. By inheritance and for- tunate building speculations, the testator bad accumulated a nice property of some 1V.IH)/. a year of real estate, I rt.OOtW. personalty. He died on the 7th of March. le&B ; and on search being immediately made, his will, duly executed, was
MARCH]
CHRONICLE.
validity of the origiual will, with- out the interlineations (which were void) wan not disputed: the genuine- ness of the three codicils was the matter on which the court had to determine. The marvels and con- fusion of this strange story do not end here ; the glorious uncertainly of the law has added its mystifi- cations to circumstances already sufficiently obscure. The Court of Chancery, being first applied to to settle the difficulties, after due deliberation, transferred the de- cision to the Courts of Common Ijiw. The result cannot be de- t-crilicd as satisfactory. The first jury found that the codicils were genuine; a new trial was obtained, and the second jury found that they were forged; and now pass- ing hack from the sharp fever of common lsw to the wasting con- sumption of Chancery, the estate of the late George Nnttall seems likely to end — like the great caso of Jarudifee ». JutHd\jre — in costs. •31. Traokdt ok Tilt llioii Ska*. — The American journals contain an account of a ter- rible tragedy perpetrated in the highway of New York harbour. On the morning of the 31st of March, three men, while in (he bay off Stalin Inland, discovered an oyster-sloop with her sails torn in shreds and hanging over her side, which, with the general ap- pearance of the craft, induced thoin to believe that she had been aban- doned. They hoarded the sloop, «hich proved to be the V.. A. Joknfm, of Istip. I/nig I-land. N» hung thing was on board. The deck was full of chitted Mm.] and hair. On ciitermi; tin- cihin large ]>ooN of blood were found on both nidi's of the stove, and in the com- panion way. The starboard quarter on the outside had much blood on
it, apparently finger prints. Her boat was gone. From the article* found, it was clear that she had not been honestly abandoned. She was towed into harbour, and ex- amined by the proper officers. The deck of the vessel presented the appearance of a slaughterhouse. Everything wae covered with blood from stem to stern ; matted hair was found upon the deck, and full and complete evidence of a terrible massacre was plain. An examina- tion was next made of the cabin, and the sight here, if possible, was worse than upon the deck. Floor, tables, chain, and wash-stand were besmeared with gore, and every- thing was disarranged, giving evi- dence of a furious struggle. A hammer, weighing about three pounds, was found upon the floor, covered, like all else, with blood. Considerable hair was also found upon it, and it seemed to be the instrument with which the mur- derous assaults bad been com- mitted. From appearances it was judged that the crew, being at- tacked in the cabin, made a despe- rate resistance, and that during the struggle all available means of attack and defence were used. After the examination of the cabin had l«en concluded the deck was again visited, and a close inspection of it t-till more satisfied everybody that a barbarous murder had been committed. From the cabin door there was an unbroken line of blood to the guards ; but there was the appearance of a struggle, aa the pool was very large; then, again, marks of bloody hands were seen upon the guard, and a hatchet mark. Blond ran down the outer Mile also. Forward, at the mart, there waa more evidence of a ter- rible struggle. A aaW "■■■■.af blood, yatfraab, lay *- '
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4NUAL REGISTER. [1860 ow : and liere, despatched iiim in the same way ir was found, that "we" did his brother. "We" s were slightly then, he said, proceeded to the >n the guards, cabin, and with an axe attacked ore imprints uf Captain Burr. Ho was a powerful thing could he man and fought desperately, hut he cause of the " we " finally despatched him. ultimate fate of " We " left the bodies on the deck wrier and com- for about an hour, and then threw ;sel was a man them overboard. When ashed how ■ucter, about 31 he folt after the murder while g on Long Is- alone at sea, he replied that the isisted of three Devil had sustained him hut had left Key port on now deserted him. He also con- the next known fossed having been concerned in the morning of the mutiny and murders on board r came into col- the ship Saladin in 1841 near the it that lime she const of Nova Scotia, but gave no ible, and there particulars. His execution, on the an board of her, 13 th of July, was attended by more the bow. An than 1 0,000 persons. The horrible •wards she was occurrence had excited the utmost |
MARCH]
CHRONICLE.
41
the tn£Bc on the river, and caused a distressing accident. As a canal- boat, laden willi coal, was passing under the bridge, she struck against the piles, and immediately cap- sized. At the time there were seven persons on board, viz. the captain, named Whitehouse, his wire, three children, a sister of Mrs. Whitehouse, and a boatman named Causer. The captain was steering, the children were in the cabin, Mrs. Whitehouse was wash- ing in tho hatchway, and Causer was rowing. Whitehouse contrived to hold on by the piles, aud seising his wife by the hair of the head, held her suspended until a boat caraeouttnlheirassistance. Causer swam ashore, but the three chil- dren and Mrs. Whitehouse s sister, aged fifteen, were all drowned.
The other misfortune occurred at Portsmouth, to a boat belonging to II. M.S. the Firebrand, lying at Spitbead.
Between 1 nud 2 p.m., the gal- ley, with her usual crew, six in number, and a stoker who hud ob- laincd leave to go on hhore to itee his wife, was dispatched from the .ship to the sliuro for the purpose uf bringing "IT Commander Bruce, who was on shore receiving his orders. It had been blowing heavily all day from tho south- went, with a good deal of sen at limes. In the harbour channel, where the rhb had made out strong at the lime the boat left the vessel fur the shore, there was a heavy bca, caused by the meeting of the tide nnd wind. As the boat, under a lug sail, got into this broken water, she buried her bow in the trough of the sea, and, not rising *g:<in, tilled aud turned over. The men clung to the keel, and the boat turned over again, the cos- main got into her with another
man clinging to the opposite gun- wale. The remainder of the crew appear to have had hold of the boat, but dropped off one by one from exhaustion, and the heavy aca with the strong ebb, before aid could reach them. The disaster was witnessed from the shore, snd several boats put off, but as the wind blew fresh on shore, and the Bea was heavy, they were unable to reach the spot. The coxswain and his companion in misfortune would also have perished had not a steam-tug been lying in the har- bour with her steam up. Her captain immediately pushed out, aud arrived in time to save the two men on the boat
24. The Indus Mdtikebrs. — Khan Bahadooh Khan. — One of the most atrocious of the Indian revollers has met his just doom by the hands of the hangman — Khan Baliadoor Khan, of IWeilly. This miscreant was the descendant and representative of the former ruler of Kohilcund, who died in battle resisting our most unjust invasion of that country ; his family were displaced and reduced to poverty. The descendant of this mi for- tunate patriot was a dangerous wanderer in onr States, when it was thought safer to make some provision for bim rather than that his sense of injuries should bo ■I- x asperated by the bitterness of poverty. He was made a Sudder Ameer, or native judge, and had afterwards retired on a email pen- sion. When, therefore, tho mu- tiny broke out, and the sepoys stationed at Bareilly had murdered their officers, Khan Baliadoor Khan put himself at the head of the movement, as a prince asserting hi* right to his ancestral domi- nions. Aa we certainly had jpp**1 claim upon the gratitude of *
rtu
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NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 lie, the assump- occupation of Elijah Pryce, with would have in- intent to defraud. guilt; but with The peculiarity of this ease was. he fiendish pas- the deliberate manner in which i. The Khan the prisoner and fits associates si search (o be were prepared to burn all Liver- WStlS, who, when pool down to conceal their poeula- before him in lions. The prosecutor, Mr. Elijah ji'ms of justice, Pryce, is in partnership with Mr. Among these Lace as a "enenil broker at Liver- ilions were two pool, and the prisoner had been Khan especial their warehouseman since October, he captives were 1889. In the course of December nd Mr. Ilaikes, hist they had 119 casks of olite Zilltili court at oil warehoused in Carson's cellar unfortunate gen- B. in Basiughall Street, Liver- i in their own pool. The roum imtno.Iiiitely above istic imitation of the cellar was occupied by a man procedure, sen- named Duffy. The warehouse was iged, and were locked up safely on the night of in the principal the 31st of December last, but in in. The Khan the course of that night a fire was |
MABOH]
CHRONICLE.
43
placed orer the hole in the floor ■eras the joists, aouto catch the flames from the wood below when Mt on lire. The prisoner had ab- sconded, but, on beiug traced end captured, he made a confession of the whole affair. Ho said that Duff/ had proposed to him a scheme for robbing his employers. For Ibis purpose he hired a cellar in Wolstenholme Square, in the name of " Stewart." The con- federates then broke a hole through the flouring between the prosccu- • tors and Duffy's rooms, through which they pumped the oil into the upper mora, and placed it in casks. It wan then sent, as in the regular course of business, to the store in Wolstenholme Square, as was also a quantity of vatona, which they seem to have stolen from a room above Duffy's. When i hey had stolen as much as they thought the* could pnrloin with- out discovery. Duffy brought five or six sacks of rosin-chirm, which they poured down the hole in the floor into the prosecutor's room, and bj>rend about iu the room aliove, and then poured upon litem (•tat gallons of naphtha. At 13 o'clock of New Year's night the two worthies struck a light and set tire to the combustibles. Most fortunately for the neighbourhood, their plan did not prove effectual. Duffy, who was probably the greater villain of the two, has escaped cap- ture.
The prisoner was found (Juilty, and sentenced to fourteen years' penal servitude.
■Jit. TwF. Ashcombb Murder. — At the Devizes Assize*. Serafln Manzsno, a Spaniard, was indicted for the wilful murder of Anastasia Trowbridge, at Aaheombe, on the !trd of .November last. The pri-
soner claimed the privilege of being tried by a mixed jury.
An interpreter being sworn, the prisoner pleaded not guilty.
The husband of the unfortunate woman lived with his wife in a cottage at a lonely place called Ashcorabe, in the parish of Tollard Royal. On the morning of the 3rd day of November last, the prosecutor breakfasted with his wife at half-past 0. He was employed on the roads about half a mile from his cottage. At 7 o'clock he weirt to work. About 1 o'clock he returned home to his dinner. When bis wife went out she was in the habit of placing the key of the door in a bole made for that purpose. On returning home, the prosecutor found the door locked, and on searching for the key it was not to be found. This aroused bis suspicions, and he looked in at the window, bnt could not sue anything. He then went round to the back of the house, and, on looking through a window there, he saw his wife's feet on the ground, she apparently lying down. He immediately broke two panes of glass, opened ibe hasp of the window, and got into the room, when he discovered his wife lying with her lack to (he wall, ber face covered with blood, ond quite dead. The poor man immediately ran to (be nearest cottages, and returned with as- sistance. On going up-atsir* the room was found very much dis- turbed ; the things were scattered about, and on the prosecutor coming up he discovered that some clothes bad been carried away, and among other things two coats, a pair of leggings, a hat, an umbrella, and a pair of boots, oue of the coats being a tweed, and the other a bin*
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 een presented to signs. After tbe murder the whole je murdered wo- of the clothes he then wore wore cultural Society, found in the wood. On tlio morn- iea of blood inside ing of tbe murder a roan was seen it tbe walla, and coming from the cottage with a f blood for two bundle, and being hallooed to, >or into (he room limped hnstily away. Nest day was lying, and be was seen twenty miles off, 3 door; her face having in bis possession every ; with some sharp article of dress, and tbe umbrella, . would seem that which had been stolen from the agged along the cottage ; and for several days after- ■t where the body wards was offering those articles lower extremities for sale. When apprehended at ome part of the Southampton he was lame, and one th in them, and of bis fingers was cut as by sumo noes the murder sharp instrument, lilted about 1 1 The prisoner attempted to ac- nas a saw found count for his possession of the licli usually hung clothes by saying that he hail met 1, and when the a man, woman, and child in r shed ied it was found where they passed tbe night, aud |
MARCH]
CHRONICLE.
45
un control Uble, aud waa, indeed, the immediate cause of last year's catastrophe. For these reasons, and because the state of the tide would not otherwise have suited the usual course, the match waa appointed to come off at the early hour of 8.30 a.m. This precau- tion had the effect of thinning the numbers of the equestrians and jiedestrUns who gallop and ruah along the towing-paths on these occasions— to the infinite danger of their own lives snd limbs ; but the steam-boats were as numerous, as crowded, and as forward as ever. The Oxford crew, on consideration of their past performances, were rather the favourites ; they pulled in the same boat as last year. The Cambridge crow had discarded their unfortunate embarkation, and pro- pelled a now and stronger boat, built expressly for the occasion by Searles. The boats started front Putney-bridge on tho roost even terms ; but after a brief struggle tbo Oxonians began lo push in ad- vance : tbo Cambridge men now warmed to their work, with such steady and well-trained power, that they again beraroo even, and at Hammersmith-bridge were a clear lengtha-bcad. The Oxonians made tltu most strenuous exertions to recover the lost ground, and by a desperate spurt had closed up the ■pare between the boata : but again the steady power of their oppo- nents prevailed, and at Itarnes rail nay -bridge it waa clear that the race *as lost. As the Cambridge boat passed the winning-post the Oxonians tossed up their oars in token of an honourable defeat.
Tin: Wkathek. — The weather of the year 1BU0 is perhaps the most extraordinary ou record — cer- tainly some of iU phenomena find
no parallel since the commence- ment of trustworthy observations.
The brief notice of the last quarter of 1839 records tbe sodden rise in the temperature ou the Ust two days of the year — the first day of I860 presented a still greater increase: it waa no less than 16s warmer than the average. On the 2nd January, the thermometer began to fall, but still continued above the average, until the 25th, when a period of cold weather set in, which lasted to the end of the quarter. The highest reading of the thermometer at Greenwich waa 50*0, the lowest 93°3. The result of these variations waa, that the general temperature of the winter quarter waa 1 4° daily in defect of the average temperature of the preceding nineteen years ; but if compared with tbe preceding year, January waa )°, February 71% and March 5-J0 colder than in 185t>.
The most remarkable of the atmospherical phenomena of the quarter, and of the whole year, were the frequent and great changos in the pressure of the atmosphere and an almost con- thiuous succession of galea of wind. The rapid rises and falls of tbo barometer can only be appre- ciated by a daily scale : but on the 26th January tbe mercury rot* I i in. ; feU \ in. on the 27th ; row j in. on the 38th. On the 3rd February it r©»* It in ; and on many subsequent days a variation of I in. or j in. was marked. Tbe air has been in " rapid motion ' for limes equalling in the aggre- gate twelve hours of each day; and each gale was of more than usual duration. From January 2uth the wiud blew for forty suc- cessive boors, the pressure fre- quently rising to 18 lbs, the square
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NNUAL REGISTER. [18G0 rd the wind blew castle, arevery extensive collieries, hours without at which several engines tire em- isuresof the same ployed in pumping, winding, and ft a.m., February other labours. These are put in fur forty hours, action by six huge boilers, each il forty-sis hours, 02 feet in length by 0 feet 10 in.in lieu ting ii force of diameter. Five of these were in i 7lIi February full operation at 9.30 a.m., when a gale of thirty one of them exploded with terrific th of forty-seven force, tearing the brickwork of the Jtli of fifty-seven bed on which it rested into frag- 17th of forty-two menU.imd scattering them around, this Utter storm The exploded boiler flew into the ■ a hurricane, a air to the height of the furnace being registered, chimney, and the principal por- ruiy weather con- tion, weighing about six tons, tak- of the i]uarter. ing an easterly diroctiou, alighted the population in a garden on the opposite side of j affected by the the North Road, about 150 yards s being hut very distant, where it lay spread out e average. The into a huge sheet. A. smaller re somewhat in fragment fell on the road, about |
iPBlL] CHRONICLE. 47
ruins ; when these were removed, succeed, and in an instant hone,
four men were taken out quite cart, and nun sink in deep water,
dead ; another was found with his the accident being witnessed by a
skull smashed in by descending number of persons who were close
bricks ; from twenty-five to thirty to the spot. An alarm was, of
others were struck, and more or course, immediately given, and
leas injured by the flying mate- drags were procured, which wen
rials, used at once, but, strange to say,
Many other fatal occurrences no trace of either cart, hone, bar-
from the same cause are recorded ness, or the unfortunate driver
in the country newspapen of this could be discovered. Some time
period. As at Tu Detail, Norfolk, on afterwards the cart, without its
the 'J 1st April, when one person wheels, and the body of the horse
was killed, and othen injured, by secured by the harness in the
the explosion of an agricultural shafts, were found floating in the
engine ; on the 19th May, at saw- river below London Bridge. The
mills at Newton Green, Ayr, when corpse of the man wss discovered
two men and three boys were slain; near a month after the accident
at the eud of May, when four ac- close to the spot where it had
cideuts occurred in South Stafford- occurred.
shire, by which tax) men wen Numerous Finis with Loss or
killed, and others injured ; at Win- Life. — Numerous fires, each at-
thorpe, near Newark, on June 15th, tended with loss of life, have
when Mr. Ingledew, a millwright, recently occurred, and one of his men, lost their On the 4th April, a fire broke
lives, from the scalding steam and out in the extensive tallow-melting
water. premises of Messrs. Brown, in
8. SisgulaH Accident it F*L- Somen Town. lira. Brown and
cos Duck. — A singular and fatal a servant were rescued by' the
necidciit occurred at the Falcon bravery of a police constable ; but
Duck, lliiukside, South* ark. In on a subsequent search of the
[He afternoon a carter in the em- ruins, the blackeuod corpse of
ploy of Mr. Chamber! ay tie, a car- Mr. Brown's son, aged 4 yean,
man, was sent to the dock to take were found.
a load of bricks from a barge that On the same day, there was a
wu lying at the dock. lie had a fin in Wbitechapel. The family
cart and one horse ; and it being were all rescued by the intrepid
nearly low water at the time he exertions of Conductor S. Wood,
arrived, bo drove into the water of the Royal Society for the Pro-
rlone to the barge, and was about lection ef Life from Fire ; but the
to commence loading. At this occurrence is note-worthy, aa the
aixit there is a very sudden fall in same brave fellow has now rescued
the shore ; and whether the liorse 1 10 persons from perishing in the
had reached forward to drink, or flames.
from bdiiic other cause, he stum- On the 0th instant, a coPfee-
bled forward into deep water. The shop in Wellington-street. Strand,
carter, who wa* in the carl, and was found to be in flames. The
bail the reins in his hand, was fire-escapes wen quickly at
seen to make a strong effort to and all the inmate* wen, >
pull the horse up, but did pot supposed, removed. m
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 ho house, a man were marks of blows about (bo nd-door window, room, as though by n stick. Tlie ng for rescue, c ire urns lances of that dreadful smoke. Rescue night are only matter of conjec- wssible, and the tore ; but from a statement of the back into tho poor maniac, it is supposed that the old man and his sou went to a house in the the woman's room to coerce her ambeth, was on into quiet; and that on their ere extinguished striking her, she had turned upon nage had been them with n maniac's strength and i perished. fury, and strangled both with her MtJBDEii hy an hands. jreat excitement 12. Bank Rate ok Discount. — llebury, a suburb The immense activity of commerce ' a rumour that and manufactures at this period ed Seholes, and produced a corresponding demand i found dead in for money, and the Bank Directors ;r circumstances had, on 'the 20th March, raised if that a fearful their rate of discount to 4j per committed. Jt cent. On the 12th April, they •-■|". '-. *i-'. i r.,.,-1.- ii f.mli.r oh my- t<3 % per |
APEIL] CHRONICLE. 49
the other discount houses is sap- prize-fighter a companion for a posed to have originated in resent- Peer — naj, for a Pnnce— when a ment at (be application of the nobleman was proud of the honour Bank rule against red iseoun ting, ofbeinga "judicious bottle-holder" Matters soon reverted to their to a champion of the ring, and former confidence, and on the 1 1th when a Prince of the Blood Rojal May the rate of discount was " backed, "and almost "seconded " reduced to 4 J, and on the 24th to Broughton in a prize-fight fought 4 per cent. in a metropolitan church-yard ! — 17. Extensive Fire at Green- when a successful career in the wicii. — At an early hour in the ring and on the turf elevated a morning, an extensive confla- prize-fighter to the House of Com- gration commenced at Wood's mons, ami more than one hero wharf, Greenwich, opposite the retired on his laurels to a respect- Seamen's Hospital Ship. The ablo and respected social circle, buildings are such as are generally Those days, with all that profes- found on the water-side, ancient, sionnl sense of honour which be- built of timber, close-packed, and came almost a virtue, ami all their scrambling. They were occupied instances of baseness and their by Bail-makers, shipwrights, boat- evil teachings to the multitude, builders, and by numerous poor have long since passed away ; the families. The flames spread with champions arc gone, their patrons great rapidity over these tene- are dust, their virtues have become nieuts. driving the inhabitants mythical ; and with them has gone forth into the streets, naked from the interest of the respectable their beds. Their humble funii- portion of society. It is singular, lure was consumed ; and also, therefore, that these pages should nn fortunately, many of the work- now, in these days of humanity shops, where their daily bread is and refinement, be called upon to earned. A considerable quantity record one of the highest exhihi- of timber and spars, cordage, and tlons of ibis science which has Other materials, were destroyed, hitherto been known ; a prizefight Altogether nearly fifty houses and which produced two champions workshops were consumed. equul in skill ami courage to (ho — Great Prikk-Fioht nm tiik bent of those which graced "the Chaufion'* Wki-T— Savkh-h akii Middle Ages" of the Urgency; Heenan —The early volumes of which was marked by as much tlieAsxi-ALltKOisTEi: chronicle the rectitude as is to b<- found in the heroic combats of the champions of highest days of the rimi; and which
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the prize-ring. Those were the |
enwmpped two mighty nations in |
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palmv d»vs of the noble science of |
such nu entrancing interest that |
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self-dcfi-uc' — when Ilrought. ml |
the totality of England and Ame- |
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Jackson and Ihmrkr. dully. Bel- |
rica might be -aid to have been |
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cher, t'ribh slid Spring, anil a host |
committed fur a spice to tin' eham- |
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of worthies of the list carried tlirir |
pi hip of Tom Savers and John lleeiMil. The "fast ' world had |
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colours within the stain--, nor with- |
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dr<w ihem while one spark of utal |
talked for mouths |mst of the ap. |
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force remained to maintain thcni |
prouchillg cuitilmt tu ih.imy e tot ; |
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living. In those .lays price-] jglil- |
but it is an amusing retr<i«i»ct to |
ioiial spurt, and a recall how, whi
APRIL]
CHRONICLE.
M
pad it dm impossible to refrain from ft murmur of admiration at the appearance ha presented.
" In height he is about six feet two, with exceed ingl y long arms, deep cheat, and wide and power- ful shoulders. His appearance was trulj formidable. Exercise and long training hod developed the immenae muscles of his arms and shoulders till they appeared like mainns of bone beneath the thin covering of skin. There seemed not an ounce of superflu- ous flesh. His ribs showed like those of a greyhound, aave where they were crossed by powerful thews and sinews, and as he threw up his long sinewy arms and inflated his huge chest wiih the morning air be looked the most formidable of the tribe of gladiators who have ever entered the arena. Every move- ment ahowed the sinews and mus- cles working like lithe machinery beneath their thin flue covering, and every gesture was made with that natural grace and freedom which always seem to belong to the highest development of physi- cal power. Bayers looked at him long and earnestly, and as one who saw in his every movement a dan- gerous customer, and lie too strip- ped in torn. The contrast between the men was then still more mark- ed than before. Bayers is only about five feet eight; bis chest ia not broad, nor are his arms power- ful, and it ia only in the strong muscles of the shoulders that one sees anything to account for his tremendous powers of hitting. Rayera, too, looked hard as Hint, but his deficiencies in regard to his antagonist in height, weight, and strength, and above all, length of arm, made it almost a matter of surprise bow he could hope to con- test with him at alL When to
these disadvantages are added the superior height of the ground on which Heonan stood, and the light of the sun full in Bayers' eyes, it will be seen bow tremendous were the obstacles with which he had to contend."
Umpires and a referee having been appointed, there was a toss for choice of position, which, being won byHeensn, he selected (surely not according to the ancient chi- valrous rule of " equal partition of sun and wind ") the highest ground, where be would hsve the sun on bis back, whereby Savers was placed in such a position that he would have the full glare in bia eyea. The men shook hands, and the chsmpiona were left face to face.
Although a contest which excited such general interest is proper to be recorded in this ChronicU, it is not necessary that the details of tha combat should be set forth in the language of the King; and, in- deed, were that peculiar slang musical aa " the hum of bees on Hybla," it would only relate tbe shocking spectacle of two fine creatures knocking each other to pieces. A general account will suffice. At the outset, then, tbe American's imposing height and immense stretch of arm gave him such conspicuous advantage that tbe Englishman was repeatedly dsshed down to tbe ground; whence, however, be rose smi- ling sud confident like a new Anteus, and then exerting all his skill of arm and leg, went in under his opponent's guard and adminis- tered such terrible punishment that Heenan's face was cut up and swollen, until he in some degree lost the power of sight- About tbe eighth or ninth round it was observed that Bayers bad censed
e a
AHULJ CHRONICLE. S3
one of which ml given to eaeh England, accompanied by a docket champion, Seyers throwing up the specifying the particulars of each champion'e belt to public competi- payment, and by the " pass-book ■ Uon, and retiring from the active of the Bank of England, which ' ■ " was necessarily in his official i the charge; and an account of these Union Bank or London.— The payments waa also furnished by mercantile public were greatly ex- Pullinger to the principal ledger- cited by a report which obtained keeper. In the ordinary course of currency that a fraud of immense business, Pullinger daily sent a magnitude on one of onr largest junior clerk for the pass-book, banking institutions had been dia- which contained the acknowledg- coverea ; and direction was given ment by the Bank of England of to the rumour by a Urge mil in the the cash paid in, and it was the shares of the Union Bank of Lon- duty of Pullinger to deliver the don. It soon became known that pass-book to the ledger-keeper, William George Pullinger, the whose duty it would then become chief cashier of that establish- to check ihe entries in it against ment, had been given into custody, the Bank of England, by the items An investigation waa made by the in his ledger. The ledger-keeper, board of directors, and their report on finding his account tally with showed that a defalcation to an the pass-book, would report the enormous amount bad taken place. Bank of England balance to the According to this statement, Wil- accountant, to be posted in the liam George Pullinger was ap- general ledger, when any error in pointed a cashier of this bank in the Bank of England balance April, 1839, having previously would disturb the general balauce held a similar situation in the of the day, and become the sub- banking house of Sir Claude Scott ject of investigation, and Co., and after sixteen years of "On Thursday last, the 19th most efficient, zealous, and, it ia still inst., in consequence of some in- believed, faithful service in subor- formation, application was made dinate capacities, was, about five to the Dank of England for their years ago, raised to the situation statement of the balance of this of chief cashier ; and such was hank, when a deficit of no leaa the confidence reposed in him by than 263.07ft/. 8*. KM. was dis- the directors and manager, and covered. Pullinger, who waa ab- tbeir satisfaction with the manner sent at the time, attending the in which he discharged his duties, funeral of a relative, was imme- that, about three months previ- diately followed by a director and ously, they voluntarily raised bis the manager, and brought back, salary to flOdi. per annum. His when he at once confessed that duties aa chief cashier were, to sn- from losses on the Stock Exchange perintend the other cashiers, to he had from time to time, since his procure cheques for money to keep appointment as chief cashier, ab~ their tills supplied; and it devolved atracted large sums from the upon him to pay all cheques, gold cheques taken over to the Bank of and silver com, bank notes, Ac.. England, which he had concealed which were not required for the pur- from the ledger-keeper, by exhibrt- poses of this bank, to the Bank of tng to him a fabricated pass book
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 nee agreed villi on race horses, and kept racors in the Account- undor the name of a well-known ;r. He was then trainer, and that ho had advanced large sums to keep atloat one of proper to state the opera houses. But there was lppoaed balance nothing to ju&tify any of these ra- ' England waa mours except the first. Pullinger , while theeerti- waa a remarkably steady, quiet, 100,030/. 7s. Ail., unobtrusive middle-aged clerk — icit of Q63,07(U. there was nothing about his habits or ways to engender suspicion — erefore, that in unlike lieilpntli, there were no de, the defalca- marks of expmiditure in excess of r throw those of his ostensible position; ho had no shade, and even vice except the one vice of jobbing Redpath. The on the Stock Exchange, and this n the latter case, he had in such hirge proportion as Liered, was about to stand bun in stead of all others, ger's methoil of and to land liim a defaulter of his nple. The whole employers' money to the extent of 'menta into tho more than a quarter of a million. 1 passed through Pullinger, in order to conceal |
APRIL]
CHRONICLE.
Court, on the 18th May, on two indictments, to which he pleaded Guilty, and Mr, Baron Chankbll, weighing the guilt of the crime, and the extent of the depredation, sentenced him to fourteen years' penal servitude on the first indict- ment, and to six years' on the
A young clerk of the bank wee, in the first instance, charged as an accomplice, but it appeared clearly that be had no guilty know- ledge of the transactions it fell to his duty to record.
Guar ComntftCMX. Frauds. — Others of those monstrous frauds which seem only perpetrated by men of business, or under their anspioes, came to light about this time, spreading abroad a general feeling of insecurity.
At Aberdeen, a case resembling that of the notorious brothers Hall occurred. There was in that city a firm of advocates, of high repute and very extensive practice: the
C tiers being John and Anthony Ide. Suddenly this phantasm of honesty and wealth was dis- solved into air by the flight of the senior partner, and it was then fonnd that the firm had been in- solvent for many years — in fact, that its nominal capital consisted in the very shadowy asset of a debt dne from the elder partner to him- self and brother, which had not only never assumed shape and substance, but had been increasing in apparent bulk year by year. Nor was this the worst ; for by some mysterious process the insub- stantial nothing bad strange power to convert substance into its own likeness.
The "Ann," having no capital of
its own, so dealt with the capital
had disappeared, it was discovered that 300,0001. of their clients' money had disappeared also. The defalcation in this case wss satis- factorily accounted for — to the sa- tisfaction, that is, of accountants ; for speculations in shares to the extent of 1 ,600.0001. in two yean resulted in a loss of 33,0001., and a reckless investment in India and China produce, cotton, iron, copper and gold mines, and pro- jects in every variety, summed up the deficient balance.
A very heartless case came be* fore the Court of Bankruptcy in March. The delinquent, oneE-ans. was a scrivener (the trading de- scription of an attorney) at Fam- ham. His uncle bad been a local practitioner of eminence and trust at Farnham. On retiring from business, he gave over bis practice to his nephew. This man used his position and influence to plun- der his clients in every direction. He was co-trustee with a gentle- man named Pavne for 20,0001. Mr. Payne fell ill, and was on bit death-bed. At this moment Evans presented himself at his boose, attended by two clerks, on profes- sional business. Mrs. Payne re- fused to permit them access to her dying husband ; but they used such importunity that compliance became the most prudent coarse. The interview obtained, in Mrs. Payne's presence, they sought to obtain the dying man's signature to a deed. This Mrs. Payne re- sisted with such perseverance that her absence was obtained by vio- lence; and the faithful guardian being removed, the moribund trus- tee's signature was placed to a do* cnment which enabled Evans to
APBIL] CHRONICLE. 57
who represen ted in his own person admission, fat friends until the the firm of Lebous Brothers, period of the bankruptcy. It wu started by the mail train for Dover, more curious that in August of hut and has never been beard of since, year she should have consented to Out the assignees of the bankrupt act upon the casual suggestion of were not destined to receive this a person named John Lambe, not cargo ; for Lebous and Co. bad, it forthcoming and whose address she was said, previously transferred it never knew, who recommended her to one Mum Mary Anne Bridget to invest her spare capital iu the Martin for valuable consideration, purchase of a cargo of barley. It was and this young lady had in turn still more curious that, on Sunday, assigned it to certain merchants at the 21st of August, Miss Martin, to- Cork. Of the integrity of these companied by a lady, should have Utter there was no doubt, the met Mr. Lambe in Kensington- question was, whether tbey or De- gardens and with a young foreign metrio'a creditors were to suffer, gentleman, Lebous Brothers, who From the testimony of Miss Mar- had the corn to soil. In a few tin, in the witness-box. it appeared days the transaction was eotu- that that young lady resided at pleted, and Miss Martin received Lanadowne-row, Notung-hill. Her a receipt in the name of Lebous mother was of Dutch extraction. Brothers for 18991. Lambe and and at the decease of ber parents Lebous have disappeared, and she became entitled — as she repre- Nicholas Demetrio is not to be seated it— to money amounting in found. This gentleman was very all to a considerable sum. With unfortunate, for, independently of this money she entered upon this the losses be had incurred in con- speculation in Russian corn. Evi- sequence of hia brother's benk- dence was given on the other side, ruptcy, he had insured a house at and it was elicited from herself, Kensington, and a fire unforta- in the coarse of cross-examination, nately took place a day or two after that, though ahe might bo pos- the policy was effected. Miaa sessed of unbounded wealth, she Martin, too, was unfortunate, for waa always in trouble with the she stoutly maintained throughout small tradesmen iu her neighbour- her examination that she had pur* hood. For example, wo find ibis chased the cargo of the Gloria for lady, just at the moment that ebo value but the jury could not be is engaged in ber corn speculation, brought to believe her statement, paying to her laundress 11. on ac- and decided in favour of the as- coun t one week, and It. at another, signees.
She gave the very plausible excuse Fatal Boilks Explosioks at
that abe was speculating with her Aihdrik. — Two of these accidents,
money at tho time, and therefore each occasioning loss of life, have
was not able to square accounts occurred at Airarie.
with her tradesmen. It was, how- Ou the 90lb April one of the
ever, curious that this lady had boilers at the piisoftba Summaries
received Nicholas Demetrio as a Company burst with terrible force,
lodger, and that, although she was The manager of the works and tho
obliged to sue him for a sum he engine-mau were standing on the
owed her for board and lodging, boiler at the moment, inspecting
they remained, by the lady's own it; one waa blown thirty, the
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»(NUAL REGISTER. [1860 and instantly labouring under disease. He had at work at the water on the brain. Ho was stolid i some distance, and stupid, and he could not learn. i fell upon him He was silent when asked to repeat :, A large piece a sum in arithmetic which he had lown to the dis- just been taught, and he did not i. ploughing up know, or, as his schoolmaster iw along, tearing thought, affected not to know, the tree four feet in difference between a sixpence Mid i cutting it in n shilling. This was a case for were a wfilkiu^- tin'ilioil custody and crude irciit- ment. Mr. Hopley took a peda- rEN to Death, gogue's view of it, and thought it incident has oc- was ft case of obduracy, to bs e school of the broken dowu by force. He flogged stbourno. This the boy, and, as it did him no i restricted to good, bo told the father that the , few pupils, tho punishment must be increased i a high rank of until the authority of the school- n large sum for master was established. Up to l of their child- this point there is not much to be tnmodntinii and said. The fate of the poor brain- |
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disease of tie heart, and wished a certificate from tbe surgeon and immediate burial. Atone moment it appeared likely that the whole affair would be hashed up. But mysterious stories of midnight shrieks and blood-stained instru- ments of punishment began to be whispered about. The sonants had seen blood upon the linen in Mrs. Hopley s room, and had heard sounds which convinced them that tbe miserable wife had spent the night in the frightful task of pre- paring the body to pass a super- ficial investigation, and in getting rid of tbe traces of violence which would testify against her husband. Then came the real inTestigation. The gloves and tbe stockings were stripped off, and tbe legs and the arms of the corpse were fonnd to be coated with eitrarasated blood, " the cellular membranes under the skin of tho thighs were reduced to a perfect jelly ; in fact, all torn to pieces and lacerated by the blows that had been inflicted." There were two holes in the right leg about the size of a sixpence, and an inch deep, which appeared to have been made by jobbing a thick stick into the flesh. The appear- ance was that of a human creature who had been mangled by an in- furiated and merciless assailant. All these appearances coincided but too faithfully with what was now learnt of the conduct of the schoolmaster. A servant girl who slept next to the pupil-room heard the boy crying and screaming under blows, and her master talk- ing and beating. She listened at 10 o'clock, when tho torture was going on, and she awoke at 13, and it was still proceeding. Then tbe cries suddenly ceased, and nothing after was heard during that unquiet night bat the stealthy
movements of the wife, who was, with womanly devotion, doing her fearful task of hiding the traces of the tragedy. Others of the ser- vants had heard or witnessed part of the sufferings of the unhappy vic- tim— hud heard the blows, the ex- clamations—the midnight screams — and then (if the expression may be allowed) the horrid silence. They heard the steps of the un- happy wife , tbe ponrin g out of water ; they witnessed the stained fluid, the wetted clothing, the gore- spotted flooring and carpet, and, in the morning, the wild attempts to conceal the tragedy of the night. The narrative of these uneducated women told the tale of horror with a dramatic force beyond the reach of art. The superficial attempts of the awe-stricken family to givo a natural appearance to the death could not impose upon persons who had witnessed the sufferings and heard the cries of the victim, and the shocking result became bruited abroad. Tbe brother of the poor lad (a clergyman) came to Eastbourne to inquire into the truth of the rumours current of his relative's death. It would probably be uncharitable to remark too severely upon the statements made by the conscience-smitten man to conceal his crime ; it may well be excused to a man placed in so terrible a position by tbe con- sciousness of unpardonable cruelty and tbe dread of the consequences to his good nsme, that he should represent in a non-criminal light the circumstances of the deed; but be said that when, as his latest act, he again fetched the rope and inflicted punishment, he himself burst into tears, and that then tho poor lad placed his head upon his breast and asked to be allowed to say his lesson, tod that be then
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 fore ho left him. on fire; hut their exertions were isped his hands directed, aud happily with success, " Heaven knows to preventing th.; conflagration ex- uty by that poor tending lo the lui'iif distillery stores ies of the brother of Messrs. Harman, which were tped the whole immediately at the back, iind which uid Mr. Hopley contained an immense quantity istody. The de- of spirits, the ignition of which ence before the would have extended destruction i thrill of horror far and wide. About 4 o'clock, ly group through* the roof and flooring of Messrs. Tho prisoner Johnson's premises, and of tho tes on the 23rd house adjoining, fell bodily to the .■hole horrifying ground, well-nigh overwhelming en repeated, lie the firemen in its unexpected ruin. ', and sentenced About an hour afterwards, the :il servitude. walls, and some heavy stacks of at Accident. — chimneys, fell upon the burning , of respectable ruins, and cheeked the flames, so lost their lives that the engines succeeded in ex- ,'U inexperience, tinguishing the lire about 7 o'clock. a. Two parties The value of the property de- |
APRIL] CHRONICLE. 61
examined the carriages, the raits, the line, the carriages being shot- and every feature of the scene tered. The sixth carriage came in within a minute or two of the contact with the water-crane, and occurrence itself. brokeit away. Atthe same time, the By common consent, it is al- wheels and axles of the fifth car- lowed that nothing waa wrong in the riage were carried away, the body train or its arrangements. It left thrown on its side, and dragged the station within a minute of its along until it became a mere wreck. exact time; it proceeded al its It may be readily supposed that proper speed— 40 or 60 miles an the officers and spectators on the boar— towards its first stopping- platform of the Hatfield station place, which waa Hitchin, and it witnessed the destruction of the had arrired at Hatfield without train with terror and amazement, anything to affect its punctuality When the ruin had subsided, they or safety, when the accident and- hurried to rescue the unfortunate denly occurred. At that spot there passengers, whose shrieks for aid was a crossing, and on this cross- were loud above the din. These ing some platelayers had been at were about fifty in number — those work repairing the rails. As the in the latter part of the train were engine passed over this point of with difficulty extricated, alt more the line, it began to oscillate vio- or less seriously hart (the official lently, and at the same moment report limits the number to eight), the guard's bell rang. The driver and some bleeding. The body of attempted instantly to pull up ; a gentleman was seen lying across but in another minute the guard's the metals, behind the remains of break next to his tender became the fifth carriage. He waa shock- detached, and he waa forced to put ingly mutilated, and though alive on steam again, lest this van when picked up, died in a few should run into the engine, from minutes. He proved to be Mr. the impetus it had acquired. In a Pym, a gentleman of independent short time, however, he contrived fortune, eon of a late director of to stop, and it was then seen that the line. Resides tho casualties a bad accident had occurred, the to the passengers, a plate-layer lost fifth carriage had been thrown off his life in a singular manner. On the line, dragging with it the the plate-layers being warned of remainder of the train in frightful the approach of the train they left confusion. In ibis state some of off work, and stood on the side of the carriages, being partly thrown the line until it had passed. As across the road, they came in con- the wheel of the engine passed tact with the loaded trucks of the over the rails, one of the lengths coal train which was passing at was seen to be raised up and sent the same moment, smashing four with great force in the direction of of them, and then mounted the the men, one of whom was struck platform of the down station, and, and killed on the spot. It was after traversing nearly the whole the displacement of this rail that length of the platform, and carry- caused the entire mischief — for of ing away some of the roof, the course the carriages, as they came coupling of the sixth carriage upon the vacancy, lost their steadi- brobe, and the hinder portion of ness and ran off the course. It the train was thrown over onto appeared, on inquiry, that this rail
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NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 me in wear, and and perished horribly. The had become flat- " Home," which was one of the The ballast was prides of Liverpool, was erected , and the length at the coat of 30,000?., but was being chiselled not insured for more than a third parallelism per- of that sum. operations had Great Jewel Robberies. — villi groat care; The principal jewellers of London iress train had and Paris were about tins lime our before with plundered of jewels of enormous t on close exami- value by two persons, a male and a ud that a crack female, who performed their opera- 1, of long stand- tious with such dexterity that they le change in the long escaped detection. They ilterution of the were at length captured in Lon- >r circumstances, don, and brought before a magis- a a fatal defect. trate on a charge of having stolen >n of "The from Mr. Emanuel, the great iIverpool. — The jeweller and diamond merchant, ing called " The of Hanover Square, a diamond he first stone of locket, of the value of 20001, ; y Prince Albert, and from Messrs. Hunt and Eos- |
APBIL] CHRONICLE. 83
pvt of id extensive confederacy worthies of the English school, with agents abroad. An aeeom- which brought high prices, plioo in the Paris robbery wis Pictubbs by Engmbh Masters. taken, and sentenced to the tra- — The best works of the modem mu* /ores* far ten years. The English painters are held in the woman had been ootmcted for a highest esteem. Various colleo- small theft, and waa known to the tions were dispersed this season, police aa a dexterous shop-lifter; the choicest works bringing great the man had also been previously prices. To name some of the convicted. These dexterous plon- most striking examples : — Sir E. derers were again found Guilty, Landseer's "Uncle Tom and his end sentenced, the man to ten, the Wife for Sale, "8081. 10*.; Roberta" woman to four jeers' penal serri- " Interior of the Duomo of Mi- tude. Ian," 10701. j Glarkson Stanfield's Mr. Brukxl'b PioTOBBa. — " Port na Spania, Giant's Cause- The pictures and works of art col- way," 13001. ; Maclise'e "Sleeping loctod by the bate) Mr. Brunei Beauty," 9001. ; Faed's "Sunday were known to be of great beauty in the Backwoods of Canada," and Talus. The moat celebrated 13101. These were part of the of his pictnrea he bequeathed to collection of a private gentleman, the National collection; the re- Mr. Houldswortb, of Cranston maiuder have been sold by his Hill. The whole produced to hie executors. Of the China, many executors 11,3001. Of the col- specimens brought high prices : lection of Mr. Bradley, of Lee- one fine old Chelsea vase went for mington, Lionel's " Storm in Har- 9 MM. Of his pictures, a land- vest brought 630 guineas ; Mul- ecape, with Breton cowa, by Rosa ler's " Salmon Trap, Wales," 600/. Bonheur, waa pot up at 6001., and Of the collection of Mr. Briscoe, excited so spirited a competition, of Wolverhampton, Friths " Duel that it was finally sold for 1350 Scene in Twelfth Night," 4 -JO guineas. The pictures painted by guineas. (At another sale, Frith s commission, for Mr. Brunei to "Measuring Heights" produced adorn his "Shakapeare Room," 800 guineas.) SianBeld's " Castle gave rise to an animated scene, of Iscbia," 630 guineas ; his " Ci- Egg's "Laance offering his Dog tare. Gulf of Salerno," and " Bay Crab to Sylvia," brought 630 of Bain," 460 guineas and 680 guineas; Leslie's "Henry VIII. guineas; a Landscape by Nasmyth, discovering himself to Cardinal 560 guineas. Wolaay," 960 guineas; the com- The greatest of English maa- panion picture, " Queen Catherine tera. Turner, has in no degree and Griffiths," 810 guineas; Clark- fallen from his pre-eminence. His eon Suufleld's " Witches " of Mao- celebrated work, " The Grand both, 5)0 guineas; Sir Edwin Canal, Venice," waa sold for 3400 Landseer's famous production, guineas; and his " Oatend " for "Titania and Bottom," excited 1650 guineas. lively competition ; it was put up Sals of Ksomvisoe. — The at 2000 guineea, and knocked late Mr. Johnson, Madeline Ob- down for tfoOO guineas. There server in the University of Oxford, were some excellent works of spent many years and much oon- CeilooU, Lee, Cope and ot her noisseurahip and money, in oolleet-
HAT]
CHRONICLE.
Tuileries " excites the fadings vividly ; and the " Marriage of the Princess Ron)," by Mr. Phillips, ii t good delineation of an unpic- torial subject. In landscapes the strength of the English school was unmistakably exhibited ; fen finer works have been painted than Mr. Dye*s"Ooast-scene,PegwellBay.'' Creewick/Stanfield, Lee, Lionel 1, Witherington and Redgrave exhi- bited works possessing their cha- racteristic excellences, but not calling for especial notice: a younger painter, Mr. McCallum, sent two works which mark ■ rising artist. In poetic landscape Mr. Danby had a very remarkable work, " Pbcsbus rising over the Sea, and welcoming Venus Aphrodite ss she rises born from the Foam" — a masterpiece of combined fancy and nature; and a shipwreck by the same artist appals the imagi- nation by its Tague, undefined terrors. After Landseer, Cooper holds the highest place as au animal painter, and his " Sheep in a Snow Drift " combines truth of animal life with a bighlj- poetic landscape. Mr. Ansdell's " Shep- herd and Dogs lost in the Snow " and "Buy a Dog, Marrn?" are admirable. Mr. Millais sends one picture, a compauiou to his " Hu- guenots" and " Release." It is entitled "The Black B runs wicker," and represents s young soldier of that famous corps departing from Brussels, for that fatal field where so many perished. The agony of the departure draws the secret of her love from a maiden who arrests him at the door. The story is told with much subtle expression of sentiment in the features. The colouring and details are wonder- fully true and realistic.
(if works which it is difficult to class, those which attracted much
Vol. CII.
attention were— Mr. Hick's "Post- office at 6 p.m." a capital following of Mr. Frith, who sends a pleasing " Ckude Duval;" O'Neill's •' Volun- teer," an animated but painful pic- ture suggested by an heroic inci- dent in the wreck of the Royal Charlrr; and Mr. Hook's Cornish fishing-scene, "Stand Clear!" Por- traits were numerous, and many good, such as Sir W. Gordon's " Sir Alexander Gordon Cumming," Mr. Knight's " Mr. Langley," and Mr. Watt's " Duke of Argyll."
Of sculpture little is to be said. The most noticeable of imaginative works were two by Signor Monti ; and a shield to be presented to Sir John Pakington, by Mr. Armstead. Of portrait sculpture there were many examples — some excellent.
5. FatalAccidkntin Lombard Street. — Among the magnificent alterations made by private enter- prise in the City, the buildings at the comer of Lombard Street and Nicholas Lane were in course of demolition for the purpose of re- constructing the offices of a bank. The upper floors bad been demo- lished, and the bricks, amounting to nearly seven tons weight, had been placed upon the second floor. The great mass was too heavy for tho ancieut and now-dilapidated building, and the whole gave way and fell in a confused heap into the basement. Four men, who were engaged in cleaning the bricks, were overwhelmed with the mass of rubbish, and were killed.
9. Case or the Bav. Ma. Hatch. — Ouo of the moat extra- ordinary cases that has at any time occupied the English tribunals has occupied the Central Criminal Court five days. The first pro- ceedings were taken last year; bat ss the details of the charge made against the accused wan of an in-
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 j, and the verdict will serve for a sufficient record of ned the truth of > taMU <HMW. ;he case was not The Rev. Mr. Hatch, the ac- for record In a eused in the first, tlie prosecutor in riplion. The un- the second case, is a clergyman of >vho was Urns con- the Church of England, in the lice moat repug- 13rd year of his age. After pass- ings of a gentle- ing through the usual course of gym un, appealed study at Eton and Cambridge, he f his prison for a went to New South Wales as a of the verdict, at tutor, married in the colony, re- ic judgment: hut turned to England after a short English criminal resilience there, and in 1651 was ig the revisul of a appointed to the chaplaincy oF jd, and a simple Wandsworth Gaol, with a salary of Drown possessing 260/. a year and a residence. Last fying an innocent year ho determined ou advertising convicted, the for some ycjiju« luilv pupils, and on mis to indict for the 11th of AugUBt'EugeuiaPlum- icipal witness ou rner, a girl 11 years of age, tho and by then pro- daughter of wealthy parents, was jer witnesses, and brought by her father to his house, |
MM] CHRONICLE. 67
! hid been placed by Upon s pnweontion for perjury so, bj big subsequent the law allows a wife to be a *it- ious conduct, and the appa- ness, and Mrs. Hatch wu placed Id rent impossibility of offering nega- the box, as were also a young girl, tive evidence, that she lost her Mr. Hatch's adopted daughter, * presence of mind, and had thrown governess residing in the house, a her husband and herself upon the voting French lady who was stay- soescy of the accusers in such terras ing at the house as a, visitor, and as were tantamount to au admission many relatives and friends of the of guilt. This wife, moreover, by the family. The general evidence of nature of the case the sole witness the inmates could do no more then who could have negatived the evi- affirm that none of the transac- dence of the prosecution, is dis- tions charged were committed in anted by our law from being a wit- their presence, or came within the new for or sgsinst her husband. general scope of their observation It is difficult to give such an or suspicion. The feeling which outline of the case as to show the their evidence conveyed was, that nature of the charge, and yet to Mr. Hatch was a kindly, right- maintain the proper reserve. It minded family-man, fond of ohil- was alleged that immediately after dren, and in his conversation and the arrival of the elder child, and demeanour such as became a oler- then of the younger, Mr. Hatch gyman. Their direct testimony, commenced a course of indecent and that of friends and visitors, ex- treatment and conversation ; and eluded the possibility of the truth in particular that the girls, one of of some of the circumstances al- whom was II and the other 7 leged by the children. Something years old, being admitted into the wss also proved as to a sudden bed-room before Mr. and Mrs. enmity having been exhibited by Hatch had risen, and being some* the parents of the children to- times allowed to get into the bed, wards Mr. and Mrs. Hatch. The Mr. Hatch frequently treated them case for the prosecution established with great indecency, and thatother a strong case of the improbability acts had been committed in the bed- of any of these allegations sgsinst room, Mrs. Hatch being in the room Mr. Hatch being true. orinadnastng-roomadjoining. All In defence of the present ac- these acts and conversations the cused, Mr. Serjeant Shee insisted children narrated with steadfast on the truth of the tale as origt- counteuance, with perfect mastery nelly told, supporting his argument of the language descriptive of on the frank simplicity of the matters usually left in decent ob- children's narrative, their conais- senrity, making their stories agree tency, and adherence in a common in every essential, and withstand- tale ; and he pointed out how in- ing tho ordeal of skilful cross- conclusive was the evidence now examination. In fact, tin- impres- adduced to prove the falseness of ■ion wss, that they were truthfully their testimony. The youngest describing what had been sub- child, Stephanie Augusta Plum- meted to their senses, the descrip- mer, an artless-looking child, now tlve language being afterwards sup- 8 years old, was first placed in the plied by the examination of their witness-box. She told her tale friends. (which is unfit for repetition) with
MAY]
CHRONICLE.
neter, for it placed in jeopardy not only the property but the liberty and lives of Her Majesty'* subjects; bat he thought, in her case, she had made a statement that was not true for a particular purpose, and he should not enter into the question whether her pa- rent* were justified in believing that statement, and in preferring the charge* they aabaeqoently did against Mr. Hatch. Sbe certainly was not responsible for that pro- ceeding, and there was good rea- son to believe that she was labour- ing under a want of education, both religious and moral, and had imbibed habit* of nn truthfulness which, if not checked, might lead to great mischief. Hi* impression was, that she had told this story originally for the purpose of being taken away from Mr. Hatch's and not being sent back, and that she had afterwards been led to persist in it by the interrogatories that had been put to her by others, and that she did not scruple at last to make the same statement while under the sanction of an oath." He then said that it was understood " that ber friends pro- posed to place her where she would receive a proper education, and if proper guarantees were
Siven that that would l>e so, no oubt that would receive proper consideration by the authorities, and the sentence would be merely a formal one ; but the duty of the Court was to award the punish- ment awarded by law, and the least was three weeks' impriaon- ment, and then to be sent to a reformatory school for two years.'' Ultimately a lady of known be- nevolence and great judgment in the treatment of juvenile offend- ers, proposed to take the unfortu- nate child under her charge, and
to remove her entirely from the evil influences that had to de- graded her childhood; and the Home Secretary consequently re- mitted the punishment awarded.
Immediately that the result of the trial was known a notification was sent to Mr. Hatch, in New- gate, that it was the intention of the Home Secretary to grant him a free pardon; and he was dis- charged, having undergone for six months alt the indignities to which convicts are subjected.
13. Extensive Robbery akd prompt Capture. — A wealthy Liverpool merchant having bills, Ac., to the value of 11,500(. to de- posit in Heywood's bank, was pro- ceeding towards their establish- ment with these securities in his band. Having occasion to use his handkerchief he for the moment
E laced them in his pocket; when e returned his hand, the valuables were gone ! A passing thief bad seized the favourable moment and escaped. The merchant immedi- ately harried to the Liverpool police-court to detail his loss. On his way he met two London de- tective officers, whom he informed of the robbery. The merchant and officers passed on towards the post-office, and met coming therefrom a man whom the latter recognized a* an acquaintance, and immediately captured him. On him tltey found a receipt for a re- gistered letter. Step* were taken for intercepting the missive, sad sura enough it was found to con- tain the whole of the stolen secu- rities. The thief and his confede- rate were tried and convicted.
19. Mt-auEn ahd Snictni n Shoreditch .— A shocking tragedy has occurred in Shorediteh. A journeyman pipe - maker assawat Badden, lived in Philip Btm0f
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JNUAL REGISTER. [1860 with a woman to these pages to record has oc- wife, hut whoso currod at Handowu Fort, in the ■t, ami who ))h<1 Isle of Wight. ears separated At 2.'3(J p.m. Sergeant William 1. They both Henry Wbitworth, of the Royal Ar- of intemperate tillery, Wiisseivn coming across the led when in li- parade ground in the village of San- li instant, at an down, soma distance from the fort. n came to the lie waa hurried and staggering in aus sister, ami his step as he crossed over towards .-as dying. He the officers' quarters. Several Lut not excited, officers of the Isle of Wight, Ar- ihe house the tillery. Militia, and others, were lead on the bed, standing on the steps, and when 1, which iiad sa- Wbitworth approached Captain iothes, and had Robinson, he threw himself upon rough tho floor- his knees before him, aud hold' e ceiling below, ing up his hands, exclaimed, : so esleusively " For God's sake, sir, savo ma 1" , nearly severed He then gave Captain Robinson i must have died his watch, an envelope with soma iiliout struggle papffltB. and some money, and said, |
MAY]
CHRONICLE.
71
eastern end of tbe Tillage. It ia of very old date, and is conse- quently in a very dilapidated state. No sentries do duty at ibe fort, the custom being to lock the gates at 9.30 p.m. each day, and the keys are kept in the quarters of the officer*' servants. The per- sons iu tbe fort at the time tbe murders are supposed to have been committed were Captain Manners una Lieutenant Brigstock, with three private soldiers (officers' ser- vants) belonging to the Isle of Wight Artillery Militia: Corporal Ensley. of the Royal Engineers, ttnd wife; and the murderer, Ser- geant William Henry Whitworth, of the Royal Artillery, with his wife and children, who had charge of tho fort as master-gunner. On crossing tbe shallow moat of the fort by the narrow wooden bridge, and entering by the gateway, you enter upon the small square, or parade of the fort, thirty-live paces square, three sides of the enclo- sure beilig fonuod by the officers' mid men's quarters, and the fourth by the entrance gnteway. The cen- tral building opposite the gateway is the original keep of the fort, now used for officers' quartern. The buildiugs on each side are of more modem erection. In those on the right of the square live L'orjioral Lesley and his wife. On the left of the square, nearest (be officer*' quarters, live the three soldier ser- vants, while in the part nf the building adjoining them, and near- est tbe fort i-ntraiire pita, lived Sergeant Whitworth ami his un- fortunate wifr and family. On opening the door of (he hoiiso the appearance of the dresser, with the crockery, Ac, upoti it, with tbe pans and pails. fc\, show it to bave been tho hung room. In front of die fireplace stood two
chairs, on which were hung two printed children's frocks which had been placed there to dry. A staircase to the right of this room led to a bedroom, in which was a bedstead with bedding on it, but no clothing, and nothing disturbed beyond tho absence of the clothing from the bed, tbe bedding being perfectly even. On the stairs, however, were two or three spots of blood. At the foot of this staircase, at a distance of about six feet, another door led into a room on the ground-floor, which had been used as sn office by Whitworth, his letter-book lying on the table, with a number of official forms and envelopes. The flooring of this roum was covered with bloody footprints of naked feet and feet with stockings on, some of the footprints being those of two children of different ages, and others those of a man ; the latter, in some places, with the mark of tho stocking on the foot plainly impressed on the floor, and in other parts with the naked foot, m distinctly marked on ih> lioarded llooring. These footprints crossed and recrossed each other, and led into the entrance 10 the kitchen, the only chance of escape from tho bouse, but there took back an abrupt turn towards the slain in tin' room leading to the second sleeping-room above. On these stairs the footprints were thicker and more intermingled with blood. From the marks in the mini below and on the stairs, it would appear that some of tho children hsd escaped from the room, and had been pursued by the murderer and driven upimirs aanin, where he completed his horrible work. On going upstairs and entering the room, the sight was inde- scribably dreadful. Opposite tbe
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 low, with folding while he deprived them of life. inside. At the In the room with the bodies was f the room was found a sword, or common ship's [ on the mantel cutlass, with the point sharp; it vo prayer-books, was bespattered with blood, but, as family articles, far as could be judged, had not oorn was covered been used. The razor was covered *, and articles of with blood, and a part of the edge ig, and ako an was turned, as though from coming 'number candle- in contact with some hard sub- floor was found stance. From the circumstances ppeared to have disclosed at the inquest, it ap. ,eiU of these tor- peared that Whitworth and his hitworths boots wife were of highly respectable i the room with- conduct, and lived upon the most blood upon them, anectionate terms ; their children, f the room stood also were well-conducted, clean, a line with each and apparently happy. The hum- uter edge of that bio home was kept in excellent lay Mrs. Whit- order — the garden, in particular, Itb the exception had been kept with great care: throat gashed in but the family were reserved, and |
MAY] CHRONICLE. 73
Tb*reday morning the second girl examined the bodies early in the
was seen with her hat and shawl afternoon was of opinion that thej
on, going out of the fort; but the had been dead about fifteen hours. bedroom blinds were down the In the meanwhile the unfor-
whole of that day. On Friday tuna to man — unfortunate, indeed,
morning the bed-room shutters that even his unwitting hand had
were closed. About half-past 1 committed such deeds — fortunate,
thai afternoon a neighbour re- that having committed them, his
narked to his wife, " There ie miud was utterly unconscious of
the window-shutter moving; they his misery — was examined in the
are getting up." Soon after 4 hospital. He had inflicted severe
o'clock a boatman, on tbe road wounds on his neck, but none of
between the fort and barracks, met the larger vessels were injured —
Whitworth running towards the probably owing to the razor having
barracks. He stopped him and been blunted and jagged in the
asked what was tbo matter; he slaughter of his victims. He
answered, " Horrid ! they've mur- was perfectly unconscious of his
dared my six children and poor actions, and exhausted by loss of
wife!" The boatman said, " Non- blood. Afterwards he spoke in-
sense." Whitworth replied, " Yes, coherently of his family, enume-
they have ; and I have been watch- rating his children by name, and
ing out two or three nights, and spoke ramblingty of his duties and
there is a man standing down bis garden.
there with two pistols, one in each The poor fellow, whose age
hand." After a few more hurried was stated to be 39, was placed
expressions he rushed on towards at tho bar, at the Winchester
the barracks. In the house were assizes, on the charge of murder,
found some scraps of paper, on When placed in the dock, he
which incoherent sentences were stared vacantly about the Court,
written, all having tbo same ten- and muttered incoherent aen-
dency to indicate a plot of others tences. A jury was cmpanncllcd
for the murder of the family. to try whether he was in a slate
Tho area of tho fort, as before of mind capable of understanding
stated, is extrcmclv small, and the and pleading to the indictment,
dimensions of the court-yard only The gaol - surgeon deposed that
thirty live paces; the buildings the prisoner's mental powers wen
surrounding this small space wero almost entirely extinct, owing to
occupied by sixteen persons ; yet softening of the brain ; and the
of these seven wero slum, under jury accordingly found that he waa
such uircumstancea as indicated incajiable of pleading. The poor
that some, at least, had struggled man, who during this inquiry had
with their murderer, without placed his arm round the neck
uiting the slighter alarm to the of the turnkey who bad him in
oilier eight. Captain Manners, charge, and smiled at, and pointed
tin- olhcvr in charge of the fort, to, the Judge, was then removed. mi up smoking in the room of ail. Efaost Hacks. — Probably
a hri'ilier-uflicer until half-past the mythical " Clerk of the We*.
1J that night, and no uuise ther-Oflice" bad got lease of ab-
waa heard -the night was per- bcucc, and bad an engagement far
fcctly quiet. The aurgcuii who tbe Derby; for the Epsom waak
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NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 re exceptions in Piciiolce. Tbo French Ambussa- • ever recorded." dor, Baron Gros. was also sent j Derby- day wore with a shniifir object smd similarly 0U8, as respeota- escorted. The two Ministers Ple- il as heretofore, iiipotentiary, with a large suite, had won by Mr. J. proceeded from Suez, in the .Simla. li" theWoodeole and were now ■mitiog the arrival uudee;" theUer- of the steamer from China, in tUe s ■■ Thorruanby," harbour of Point do Galle, Ceylon. ht favourites, the The Malabar entered the harbour Umpire." easily, on the 80 ill May, and was nneliored 1 started. Value of by the pilot in the usual anchorage ; Besides this very but it appears she was not secured [r. Merry is said in the etl'ectunl manner which the bets. The Oaks port regulations, founded on the last wood 'a " Uut- dangerous character of the climate down in the list and the exposed nature of the an- 0 subscribers, 16 cborage, require. The reason ns- of the stakes signedfurtliiscarelessnessdeserves notice, since, in the doctrine of ran "Malabar." chances, the same calamity may r and Oriental occur at any time. It is not deemed |
HAT] CHRONICLE. 75
wilhawt ■ iwawt't wwarang, ip- all tba tmngmm of their honour*,
pod tba mooring nawnar. and ao Baron Om loat a large mm In
tamed bar oompletely round, and specie and a valuable service of
then drove bar on • raaf wbiab laj plain. la lika manner tba paaeen-
" quite convenient," and bar hot- gere lost eJl their outfit, emonnticg
torn waa immediately crashed in. in the aggregate to a large value.
Fortunately the Jfsiaaor m built The wholaof the specie andalarga
in five eomparUnenla, and aha did part of the indestructible valuables
part o . tbenfo'n, go down ; but the vara subsequently recovered by gala had raiaed a terrific aea on tba the dire re. rook*, and it Beamed that in n abort 88. D—ranomis Qaim. — A space she must be ground w pieces, heavy gala eommenced on 8atur- Tbe coufaaioa on board waa tarri> day, which raged continuously for ble; the affrighted paaaangen ninety boors, and during which aeemed about to rush to one oar* thewind-giiageoccaaionallymarked lain death to avoid ono probabla. a pressure of 38 lbs. to the square But tba commander and hie oftV foot. Its effects were felt over the can wan faithfal and firm, and whole of the kingdom, and every tba two Ambaaoadnraoet an eiample succeeding day brought accounts of composure and fortitude, which of loas of life and property. In bad a gnat effect in restoring or- the metropolis, houses were un- der. By a rare combination of roofed, chimney-stacks blown down, presence of mind and courage the the river was like a sea, and almost engines were got In work, the an- unnnvigable ; and the hanks were cbor railed, and the ship moved inundated by the restrained waters, ahead. The movement waa moat In the country districts, the dam- critical — tba bay is not aide — will age waa in proportion— trees were aha live to traverse the apace? uprooted oratrippedof thcirlimba, The water gains rapidly ; it is up stacks dispersed over the country, to her atam-poata ; the saloon and cottages unroofed, and sheep cabins an full ; she is logged and killed by hundreds. In the north movaa heavily ! A boat ia lowered the temperature fell below freezing to save the women. Slowly the point, and the piercing gale brought strand ia reached —the anchors an with it snow and sleet. It waa, dropped", the vessel veered and however, at aea that the most quietly beached by the stern. It disastrous consequences ensued — was full time, for a few minutes probably no other gale in recent later the water reached the engine- years baa produced such wide- mom. The difficulties remaining spread disaster. The men-of-war to bo overcome now soem trifling ; at Portsmouth and Plymouth yet before any person aan be dragged their anchors, and all landed the boats an swamped, communication with the shore waa The femalea an firat put ashore, out off: at Liverpool, the shipping thru the male paaaangen, and in tba docks and the river waa hi-tl_v the Ambassadors and their mneh injured by collisions; mora miei. No life waa lost. The ship than one vessel waa sunk. On soon suuk to the level of the water, the north-eastern coast the low and with her all her contents. The of life and shipping waa frightful — Ambassador*' state dnasea, their not leaa than 160 wrecks ami credentials and state papers, and
MAT] CHRONICLE. 77
sealed to Lady Franklin and Sir ever, the engine, instead of slack-
LeopoldMcCliutock; to the former, ening its speed, as is usual on enter-
n s testimony of "the services ing the station, behaved itself more
Tendered to science by her hue as a runaway than one under proper
pliant husband, and also as a guidance, and, dashing at full pace
token of respect and admiration through the station, actually leaped
lor tho devoteduess with which she the platform at the end of it, a
has pursued those inquiries which height of between five and six feet,
have resulted in clearing up tho carrying with it the tender, the
fate of the crews of the Erebui break, and one or two carriages,
and Terror, and at the same time and, proceeding on its fearful and
in making important additions to precipitous course, ran down the
oar geographical knowledge of the inclined plane immediately under
Arctic regions." the clock tower aud across the Old
Lady Franklin, in acknowledg- St. Pan eras- road, burst through ing the honour, claims for her the enclosure of the Metropolitan husband " the crowning discovery llailway Works, and but for the of the North-West passage by immense quantity of earth lying himself and his companions, which there (the stuff excavated from the cost them their lives," — a claim New-road tunnel), would have bu- whieh seems to have been acknow- ried itself in the shaft of that un- ledged by the cheers of the mem- der taking. In passing under the bera, when Sir 11. Murchison made archway the funnel and steam-cap the same claim in returning thanks of the engine came in contact with on behalf of Lady Franklin fur the Strong iron girder, and were the medal. The medal was given smashed off the engine. F'ortu- to Sir Leopold McCliutock " in naicly the pitch of this girder was acknowledgment of the very great a few feet higher than the body and valuable services you have oftho engine itself, or it would performed — services which are ap- have been torn from the abutments predated not only throughout this of brickwork which sustain it. in- country, hut, I may say, through- vol v ing tho demolition of a large out all Europe and America." portion of the roof of the building.
30. Sjngilau Ak.idf.kt os THE with the probable destruction of
Ghkat NoiirncMH 1Uii.wav. — An every person iu the train, accident of a most extraordinary Tho engine, tender, aud break
character, fortunately unattended were completely destroyed. The
by fatal rtsulis. occurred at the other carriages were more or less
London terminus of the Ureal injured, and ninny of the passen-
Nurlheni llailway, Kinga-cruxa, to gers sustained serious wounds and
a return excursion train, c.mvoyittg contusions, though happily nouo
puBTiigcn from Liverpool, Man- proved mortal.
clu r. Slu-Hidd. Hudden>tield, The fireman. Church, on finding
Hiid other large towns iu the north lliat the train whs mulling to de-
of liuglaud. struct io<>, leaned from the tender,
Tho train, which consisted of and falling flat u|>ou the ground
:i'j carriages, two of thnu luggage- escaped unhurt. The driver, Thos.
van*, was due at King Vcru»s at Aums, however, remained firm at
li. in i' H., and was punctual in its bis post, and never left the engine,
arrival. From some cause, bow- How he escaped unhurt is one of
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NNUAL REGISTER. [I860 Inch baffle expla- jured. The property destroyed in icial account at- Cincinnati Blow m estimated at ccident " to the half a million dollars. Nearly all ig been properly the railroads leading out of the e inquiry before city were stopped up by fallen sveloped another trees. The boats on the Ohio he witnesses de- were sunk or injured. A train on ,ng to the break- the Covington and Lexington Kail* liter the accident way was thrown off the track, and id sitting on the the locomotive and baggage-car k ; the break was were demolished, but the pnasengors : accused declared escaped without injury. Scarcely le breaks in force a house in Cincinnati has escaped ud that then see- uninjured. probable be sat On the SOtfa a tornado passed ,uger. On cross- over part of the State of New admitted that he York, unrooting the houses in the asses of ale and villages and doing much damage. lost extraordinary On the 3rd June a very fearful rains, which are tornado passed over the eastern h largo numbers part of Iowa and the north-east quire the utmost portion of Illinois. It lasted only |
JUNE] CHRONICLE. 70
ner and fan companions, by rtim- began, set upon the Party with
lion, on the coast of Terra de club*, inassacredtbem all. and then
Faego. Since that lamentable made for the boat. The cook, aee-
event the Patagoniao Missionary ing hi* danger, jumped into ths
Society have changed their plan of ship's gig, rowed far hi* life, and
operations. having their central th'>u;.'hpur*U'-d. succeeded it] reach-
station and depot in the Falkland ing the >-hore and csrsniiig im« th«
{■lands, and hold their comtnuui- wood*. After four <lav* he veti-
eation with Terra del Fuego br a lured, in hi* extreme 'miner/, to
mission ship, the AtUu Gardiner. appro&'h the native*, and. strange
A party of nine nsiire-. had been to 'St, was treated willi kind tic**
brought from thence to the Falk- and lived with them for threo
lands for instruction, and f»r the month*, until a ve**el which hnit
aakeof ■bowing them the mode of 1 em sent lo h">k for the party
civilized life— the mission, on their arrived and took him off. Tint
part, deriving the a.|vnnta(.'e of a Allen (inrdmrr ws* found rilled
knowledge of the langujee. After of e very thing, hut her hull and
a but of l*i month* ibet embarked spars were uninjured. for their return on Imard the Allen Gardiner, under the command of
Captain Fell, with hi* brother as - — — —
chief officer, a crew of six men,
and Mr. (i. Phillip*. nUcchiit.
Before landing the native* tbo JUNK.
captain searched their bundle*, in
consequence »f some trilling arti- 1. IxitdRkt Fmrti. — A wc||.
cles being missed. This gsie of- dres»ed yuurig woman. named Clara
fence and one man showed great June*, wa* placed at the hiir nf the
anger on beiiii: detected in pos*e«- Thame* I'ohce Court, churned
sion of an article not hi* nwii ; it with Mealing lift* yards of Muck
is not thooght, however, that thi* -ilk. nine and a 'quarter yards of
wii* the rnu-e "f whnt afterwards Valenciennes lace, and ten Tarda
happened, hut simply a desire to of Mark whet, value 17/. 'in*.,
plunder the vessel. The ship had the pnipertyuf Mr Joseph Haslam,
rwniiiiu'l sil day* off Term del ltnendniper. of So. Hi, Queen's-
Fu ••!;■'. <lie Kuropean* mixing with huiMings, llrcmplon.
somo !Wnt natives who had a«*etn- The evidence of itie immediate
hied with every appearance »f victim will hIiow the ingenioiH and
fiiendliues*, when, mi Kunday. iho impudent mode in which the theft
fith nf November, the party pro- wa* effected.
ri-ednl at half-past 1» to cefi-hrato Mr. Wade, talesman to Mr.
1 livine worship, nut in the ship but llaslain. said, that he took a parcel
,n the l-.:,eli, leimiiif the Cook in of g.ods to the address DMfMjMi
eharu'i- -f the ship, the l««t <>n by the prisoner (ft n*oil^^*^*>
sli»ri ungtulJeil, and llieinselvea able] bouse in Hmffl]
nil In nil arms within their grasp, run sequence of
though the dangerou* character of entertained br _
the natives wiut well known, and determined to \w more tbsf
they appear tn have been about, cautioti*. and left Mr. %
And these, toon after the service porter in the paaaage of taf
mmproeijfr
BOOM #
Mr. H*
1
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 ie silks while be from the bedroom ■gain she said h theotherguods. the niece of the invalid lady wag lie out of a bed- gone over the way, and she would ■awing- room, and fetch her to see the rauilin rubes, he muslin robes He thought he hail a hostage in oui the city. The the invalid lady, and made no them very much, objection to that, hut as she wan Id like to see the leaving the room, and before she i the silks to be had reached the third stair, bo f, and unfolded made an excuse, and said, ™ I isoiier examined should like to see the short length ly for some time, of silk ; I am afraid there in some ro was an invalid mistake in the measurement." The i adjoining room, prisoner was not at all disconcerted, lesitation he al- and went into the bedroom, brought the muslin robes oat the piece of silk, and handed the bedroom, for it to him. Ho looked at it, and she stated, of found it to be quite right, lie the invalid lady, requested the prisoner to leave tho ier was absent he silk uti the table and he would take the bedroom say care of it until her return. She ue, "I must see very promptly roplied, "No, I |
CHRONICLE. 81
had been doped as well as him- commanded to read it in their
**!?• churches and chapels four times in
Mr. Yabdley. — And she got the year at least. In accordance
amy with the silks, lace, robes, with an address of the House of
a»d velvet? Commons, the ancient Form has
Witness.— With everything, sir. been revised, and the following
Mr. Tassliy.— And there was Proclamation— from which it will
M invalid lady in the bedroom ? be observed the injunction to the
Witness— None whatever, sir, clergy has been omitted— has been
The prisoner played the part of issued : —
the invalid lady as well u her own. _„ „„„ „___
II was soon discovered that »* THE QUEHN.
■•"V other tradesmen had been Victoria R. — We, most seriously
victimised by a similar device. and religiously considering that it
The prisoner was convicted, and is our indispensable duty to be
sentenced to two years' hard labour, careful above all other things to
6. Ascot Races. — The Ascot preserve and advance the honour Meeting of 1960 was marred by and service of Almighty God, and the continued bad weather. Even to discourage and suppress all vice, As presence of the Queen on the profaneness, debauchery, and im- Cop-day failed to propitiate the morality, which are so highly dis- •kyey influences, and the great pleasing to God and so great a race was run in a down-pour of reproach to our religion and Go- rain through a concourse of people vemment ; to the intent, therefore, of whom Tittle could be seen for that religion, piety, and good man- tho*nmbrelIas. ners may flourish and increase
Her Majesty's Vase was won by under our Administration and Go- Captain Christie's " Horror j" the vernment, we have thought fit, by Queen's plate by Baron Roth- the advice of our Privy Council, to •child's filly, by King Tom ; the issue tbis our Royal Proclamation, Ascot Stakes by Lord Strathraores and do hereby declare our Royal '• Mouravief ; " the Royal Hunt purpose and resolution to discoun- • Cop, by Mr. Sargent's " Crater ; " tenanco and punish all manner of the Ascot Cup, by Mr. Hamilton's vice, profaneness. and immorality "Rupee"—" Butterfly," the winner in all persons of whatsoever degree of the Oaks, second ; the famous or quality within this our realm ; " Promised Land," the first fa- and wo do expect and require that vourite, a bad third. all persons of honour, or in place
». PaocuKATioK fob the Ex- of authority, will give good example
couiuoBMirr of PiETT.— By the by their own virtue and piety, and
change of manners and the im- to their utmost contribute to too
proveraent of morale the time- discountenancing persons of disso-
honoured proclamation "for the lute and immoral lives; and we do
Encouragement of Piety and Vir- hereby strictly enjoin and prohibit
tue and for the Preventing and all oor loving subjects, of what ds-
Punishment of Vice. Profaneness, greo or quality soever, from play-
and Immorality," had become ob- ing on the Lords day. at _d.es,
solete: and though always read cards, or any other game wbaJa©.
at assises and sessions, waa totally over, either in publw or private
disregarded by the clergy, who were houses, or other placo or plans*
VoV CIL O
«W CHRONICLE. 8S
nsset extensive (if Dot the most ex> of which, as containing in iU ranks
tensive) spinning-mill in the ooan- soma of the most eminent of the
try. oaring about 180,000 spindles cavsliers, «u oiled "The Royal
mostly with the latest improve- Regiment of Guards," At the
menta, and a quality of yarn was close of the unsuccessful war ia
span in it which generally com- the Netherlands, these corps wen
manded a good market. The loss dispersed ; but on the Restoration
is estimated at 1(10,0001. to they were re-embodied in one regi-
1M.000L ment under Lord Wentwsrth in
On (he 4th July, the Caledonian I860, and sent to garrison Pun- Distillery, at Glasgow, waa in part kirk. On the aale of that town destroyed. These premises were the corps returned to England, burnt in 1800, and had since been end in 1065 was united to "the rebuilt upon a plan which sepa- King's Regiment of Guarda," rated the buildings in which the raised at the Restoration by Co- several processes are carried on. lonel Russell. The combined re- Oonseqaently, although property to giment comprised twenty-four com- tfaenlneof 10,0001. was destroyed, panics of 1 00 men eaob, to which foar the moat important and valuable companies of Grenadiers were sub- pert of the establishment was un- sequently added, and they received injured. thestyle of "The First Regiment of
On the 10th July, a valuable FootGuards;"bywhichdesignation
weaving-mill, at Holmfirth, with they were known, until the Prince
forty-eight looms, mules, and other Regent, in commemoration of their
machinery for spinning, carding, having defeated the French Imps
and weaving wool, valued at 10,0001. rial Guard at Waterloo, added the
or 13,0001, was burnt. distinguishing tills of "Grenadiers."
Id. Tub GiucKADieit Guards ami Although the Household Brigade thk Scots FuetuEU. — These have been considered (ho corps fsmons regiments of the House- especially charged with the defence hold Brigade have, within a few of the pucewhereinthe Sovereign days of each other, celebrated their resides— and especially are the gar- second centenary anniversary. rison of the metropolis— yet they
On the Itkli, the Grenadiers, La *e always formed the reserve of including in their festivities many the British army, always the first to officers formerly in the regiment, be put in motion when need arose, and some distinguished officers of It waa perhaps in the first capacity the army and civilians, dined in the thst they fought for James II. at banquet-hall of 8L James' Palace, Sedgemoor, and for William III. the Prince Consort, their colonel, iu Hinders : for George II. at Dot- presiding. His lloval Highness tingen and Fontsuoy :— in the Kve a history of the regiment, second that tbey followed Mari- nas originally formed of those borough to Blenheim, RamilHcs, gallant Royalists wbo had followed Oudenarde, and Mai plaque t. Sine* their Sovereign Charles II. into those glorious days they fought eule. During this period of ha- for George III. against his revolt- nishment, tbese gentlemen had no ed American provinces; under the resource but their swords, and Duke of York in the Ketherlaada, they were enrolled by the Duke of where their valour at Lincelleo York into sis regiments, the first was such that they were permitted
o a
|
INUAL REGISTER. [1860 ietovy on their nelcv of llie Karl of Linlithgow. ; under Moore, Their title was "The Scotch nigh cwnpaign, Guards," under which designation ory at Corunua; they continued to be known until long career of William IV. changed it to "The ington through- Scots Fusilier Guards " iti I8ill. sharing in the Tho services of this regimcnthave the Pyrenees, been most distinguished. In 1089 les, and Nive ; it served in the Netherlands, under Lpoleon from the the Earl of Marl borough, and ; of his renown- shared in the victories of Walcourt 1 at Waterloo, and Flourus; under William III. es. the value of at the sieges of Mons and Namur, serve has been the doubtful fight of Steenkirk. In 1820, when and the defeat of Lauden: under intelligence of General Stanhope in Spain, at the rtugal by Don victories of Almanara and Sura- mesaago was gossa ; under George II., at Det- iament ou tho tiugen, and Cumberland at Fon- id the first de- teuoy ; George III. from 1778 to expeditionary 1 789 in America ; in 1793 at Lin- Tagus on the celles; in 1801 at the famous |
JDNEJ CHRONICLE. 86
age, and of the return passage, are she dipped down below her hawse described with great animation in pipes. It was a fine eight (0 Tkt Timsf of tbe 10th July and watch her motion from the bows, 2Hth August. splitting the great waves before The machinery being in excel- her into two streams of water, lent order, the great ship made like double fountains, and to look rapid way over the waters; the along her immense expanse of incidents being, of course, varied deck as she rose and fell with a by the direction and strength of motion so easy and so regular that the wind, and the roughness of the the- duration of each movement waves. In many respects the ves- could be timed to the very second." sol fully answered llie expectations On tbe 23rd, the ship being off of her builders. Her vast bulk the banks of Newfoundland, the uided the fineness of her lines temperature decreased so rapidly, in cutting through the opposing that it was feared that floating ice- waves without any apparent shock bergs wore near, and the speed —to those which rolled upon her was slackened, and precautions sides she rose with an easy swing, taken against accident; and on aud they passed to leeward, seem- the 26th. when not more than 460 ingly disarmed of their fury ; miles from New York, the ship others struck her with full force, ran into a dense fog, through which but no vibration or shock was com- she had lo feel her way. These municated to the vast mass. It circumstances materially affected was speedily discovered that there the duration of the voyage. The
|
wcro two prime defects in her |
most anxious part of tho whole |
|
appointments — it was impossible |
navigation was now st hand — tho |
|
in misc the steam in the boilers |
passage over the shoals and bars |
|
nliiili animate tho paddle-wheel |
which impedo the approach to New |
full power ; and the York harbour ; and the ship *
wheels themselves Hre not so placed repeatedly stopped to take sound-
ni to act on tho water with effect, iiiyi. All dangers were boldly
l)n the J 1st. the power of the ship pasted, and the dawn of the %7lh
nas to be put to a strong test. A showed the coaat in a dim bine
strong north -westerly galo had line, with the spit of Sandy -Hook
raised a rough sea. - It has lying liko a haze across the sea.
iihvnvH l*eu said that she never The lighthouse was passed at
could or would pitch, but the 7.*l a.m.. aud the (Jrtat Easier*
truth is that this tdiip does just had completed her first trans-
the same on a small srale that atlantic voyage.
ordinary vessels in a sea may do From Sand v-I look, the G'raal
<'ti a very large one. The motion Eaiitrn passed into the harbour,
in her is rcduri-d in exact pro- stirring up tho sand on the bar,
jxiiliun with her intuitu-.: height, but escaping all danger by the ad-
l.uik, and poacr, ami the Ureat tuimblo readiness with which she
t'.Hihrn agHinst a head sea nukes answers her helm. The advent of
a slow majestic rise and full, where tbe great ship had been expected
a steamer of 'Jim to or ctcn awo in America with an eagerness
tons would be labouring heavily, which cast into (he shade even the
and perhaps taking in green seas interest taken in her at basse.
over her bows. On this Thursday She was a sodden and great " fact."
|
NUAL REGISTER. [1800 ,j had not been ever been performed in before. mishaps, or by From Halifax, excepting that tho ition. There- weather was somewhat thick, the ler arrival tele- voyage to England was performed av was studded under favourable circumstances ; in, and steam- and the vessel ran into Mil ford Hfgen marked Haven, UB80 miles, in less than ' progress with eleven days, having averaged a ill the shipping speed throughout of fourteen knots Hags, the bells an hour. Sin- found in Milford on roared, the Haven the magnificent Channel were crowded Squadron, with tho noble flag- Icomera. Even ship the Royal Albert, of 121 'ort Hamilton guns. These former leviathans fourteen guns, of the deep were diminished to and jubilation, small fry by the immense propor- was run along- tions of the Great Eautern, whoso lasily as if she length and height!) of hull and r. beautiful lines rendered the line- libited to lbs uf-batlle ships clumsy in appear- mericans, who ance. But the toll masta and esent the high taut rigging of llie hitter, and |
JUSEJ
CHR0NI8LE.
87
The following an tba logs of the outward and homeward runs: — Outward.— Juno 17th, 283 miles; 1 8th. 900 ; 19th. — ; 30th, U76 : aut, 804; 22nd, 980; 03rd, 309; 34th, 209; 25th, 896 ; 26th. 333; 87ih, 354. Homeward. — August 17th, 238; 18th, 335; 19th, 78; 20lh.818; filet, 800; S3nd,890; 38rd,840; 94th, n«0; 85th, 810; 8Btb, 341.
38. Owjt Volunteer He view in Hyde Park. — The special levee on the 7th of March was a great daj fur the officers of the Rifle Volunteer*, end the spectacle of some 3500 representatives of dis- tinct corps assembling around the Sovereign gave the first apparent sign how wide and general was the Volunteer moTement. This 93rd of June was a Kill greater daj for the Volunteer army and for the country, for it proved lion ear- nestly and efficiently the corps re- preeented bad devoted themselves to- training and discipline.
Her Majesty having expressed her willingness to review — or ■■ inspect" — the Volunteers in Hyde Park, on the USrd of June, arrangements went nude, whereby every corps that had attained a certain excellence might he present by its efficient members. The number and strength of the corps that offered themselves for inspec- tion caused great surprise. The numerous companies that had been formed in London and West- minster, and the densely -peopled metropolitan counties, were known to be strong and to have Iwen at- tentive to drill : but Rristul, Glou- cester, Stroud, Bath. Birmingham, Coventry. Manchester. Notting- ham. Staffordshire, Worcester- ■hire. Cheshire — not to name the districts nearer the metropolis— dthattbey*
to be strongly and well repre- sented. That London and West minster should be present in form was not surprising, for ihoy contain thousands of youths whose time is to some extent at their disposal ; but Wordsworth, who lamented the tendency of the age to "change ■words for ledgers," would have been astonished to see the alacrity with which the commercial men of the city, and the manufacturers of the centre and north, exchanged " their ledgers for swords." The authorities found that they would havo to make arrangements for placing 30,000 men in review order. As the time approached, and it became evident how earnest the Volunteers were to show " the mettle of their pasture," the re- view became a national spectacle, a " general holiday" was arranged, London prepared to empty itself into Hyde Park, and the pro- vinces to precipitate themselves into London.
The Board of Works and the War Office had resolved, in their innocence, to prepare ain/<!i accom- modation for the public — meaning the genteel public, who leave their cards st the Departments— and bad erected platform accommodation for 17.000 persons— applications were made for at least ten times that number of places; and but fur a broad space (though all too narrow for the occasion) strongly fenced in in front of the platform, but a small part of annuity ooaM have taken share >'■ U-« •peeuole. Thisinclosura waa .<■ < f <i
cere In uniform, o£ 'Ml , and Volunteers net in li Hut It waa ao datrulf packed the bonds of duMVji.itm were fn quenily broken, and the inmatas leaped tba foocug aud «n th« graaa without. Mu.-h
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INUAL REGISTER. [18G0 jasioued by the being the first to reach King's ty exercised by Cross ; the river steamboats land- Jones in .com- cd their freight at convenient General Sir G. piers ; the suburban bodies as- hitnself within sembled at appointed stations, and alleries and en- the metropolitan forces formed arena the Fark their ranks at their respective ue; theQueen's head- quarters. The times of sutro, wjth the marching for each corps were so nled before it. arranged that no bodyshould cross were ranged in the other, but that each should north and south join up to the corps with which ivith an exterior it was to be brigaded at specified ;s in carriages, points. From \2 o'clock to half- lofty mansions past 12 the suburban corps might Park on the have been seen converging towards s clustered with local centres, each corps preceded wing-room floor by its band; and soon after the interior centres, each animated by day exhibited a its proper force. As these were .long the main joined by their assigned allies, the south, oo.it and a^reguied battalions marched for- |
JUNE] CHRONICLE. 80
■moke from the incaleecent Indian gay dresses gave & varied and rich herb wanting to throw a harmon- fringe to the mass of youth and ■ring haze over the scene. beauty that rose in the galleries The Queen arrived on the ground above ; and around on north in an open carriage at 4 p.m. Her and cast the noble mansions, Majesty was accompanied by the speckled with gay groups, enclosed King of tho Belgians, the Princess the arena with a loftier rampart. Alice, and Prince Arthur. Tho The green rectangular space en- Prince Consort was on horseback, closed by the living lines waa with the Prince of Wales. Others broken and animated by the scarlet of the Royal Family and suite were coats of the Life Guards and Foot in carriages. The Hoyol cortege Guards, who kept the ground. was attended by a magtiilicent Her Majesty, followed by the following of aides-de-camp, ge- whole of her brilliant Court, drove neral officers, staff officers, and to the extreme left of the line of foreign officers of distinction, and tho Volunteers on the Bayswaler- by tho Lords- Lieutenants of the road, and thence passed along the counties whose corps formed part whole front to where the extreme of the reviewed force. His Royal right rested on the lofty houses at Highness the Duke of Cambridge, the Albert Gate ; and then turn* tho official bead of the army, and ing drew up on ibe open ground, Mr. Sidney Herlierl, the Secretary iu front of which floated the royal of Stale for War, were also in at- standard. The bands of the House- tendance on Her Majesty. I'>e- hold brigade were placed in front, markable among the group of and in the space between the Yo- officcrs was Field Marshal Viscount luutcers were to march by. The iu- ('oiubcrmere, a veteran before any tereat of this defiling consisted other person present had entered solely in the appearance each corps the service, for be now counted TO presented in passing by. The years of military duty. As the march was commenced by the Jitital eortig* swept on to the mounted corps — fewinnumber.but ground, the Volunteer army stood admirable for their equipment and iu nriuf, and lite bands played the the beauty of their horses. The in- National Anthem. The scene now fuutrycorpswereledbythcArtillery presented was one worthy of note Cou>i>uiiy — to whom, as the oldest in a nations history. On oue side, volunteer body existing — in fact it from north to south, stood tho is the oldest military body of any thick lines of the Volunteers — kind in Kurope — the priority waa their somewhat sombre ranks va- assigned. They are a scarlet corps, rird by masses of dark uniforms, and being veterans in drill, looked with an occasional mass of scarlet, likealirat-rate regiment of the line, the whole thrown into relief by tho For an hour and a half corps after background of the trees. From corps stepped before their 8ors> West to Hast, jiaruiltl to the lUya- reign, offering the spontaneous dt- ttstrr-road and tho Serpentine, votiou of noble and patriotic UStlU. dense lines of people exteuded, Tho long succession was dosed ay rain'.l bead aboie head by prcca- the S.'ith Cheshire. Whoa list nous elevations— a wide fringe of whole had passed and the corps eager faces. Parallel to Park-lane had returned to their original BM&- a glittering line of uniforms and tion, the whole lint sdVanoasl he
|
NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 otis, and by sig- force. The whole details of the tfajesty with vo- review had been committed to the 88. Her Majesty able hands of Colonel McMurdo, about ti o'clock, the Inspector of Volunteers. The pressing in uon- nature of the inspection required lier gratification but few movement b, but those were t Bbe had seen, executed to perfection. The army ington is report- officer* on the ground, and the pri- it there were not vates scattered among the crowd, sincere who knew could not refrain from exclama- 0 meu into the tiona of delight at the beauty of e than two who the marching of some of the corps, t again— and to The favourite corps were loudly men out of an en- cheered as they passed by the specta- outlets is an ad- tors, but some as they marched military science, past, compelled a continued cheer my had got into of applause from the gazing mut- inies us they Hf- titudes. they to be got The excitement of the day did ■* There were not end with the review. To a ompanies would late hour the streets were thronged oeforc midnight, with multitudes parading mt&nwt |
JCNE] CHRONICLE. 01
byLordElcho. Tha Second DM- time ; ud the spectators oould see
•m m under the command of nothing at all; on the 98th the
Major-Gen. LordRokeby, K.C.B. ; west end legions mustered 14,676;
the first Brigade m commanded total of strictly London volunteers
St Col. Thorold ; the Second 97,077. The regiments of London rigsdo by Col. the Marquis of and its immediate environs are Donegal, O.O.H. ; the Third stated to number 46,000 men ; and Brigade by Brig.-Gen. Russell, of the three kingdoms 890,000.* C.B. ; the Fourth Brigade by Brig.- In 1860, the 80,000,000 of the 0«n. Taylor. Of the groat force United Kingdom are united iu feel- thus spontaneously assembled, and ing and attached with one mind to entirely at their own charges* our sovereign and constitution. In about 15,000 belonged to metro- case of imminent danger we ought politan corps, and 6,000 to the to present at the least 1,950,000 provinces. Borne of the oorps citizens in arms. The actual Hum- an us torod very strong. Woolwich ber present iu Hyde-park is offi sent no fewer than 1800 men; cially returned as 90,890. Manchester near 9000; the City The Commander-in-Chief issued of London 1800. The special oorps a general order, by eomnund of of thotMrristers(TheIniJiof Court, the Queen, in which His Royal or 98rd Middlesex) mustered 460 Highness spoke in the highest strong. terms of the efficiency displayed When it is remembered that by the various corps, and of Her this Volunteer army has been Majesty's appreciation of the loyalty formed in a time of peace, and and devotion exhibited by the Vo- when no danger hangs immioent luutoer movement, over our country, the numbers as- 97. Shockiku Murder and Hcmbled on this occasion in Hyde- Suicide. — At 9.15 a.H„ just ss park, are very creditable to the the great tide of business and national spirit ; but they afford no official life pours from the suburban indication of what we may do in districts, a park-keeper on the times of war and invasion. During north side of Hyde-Park observed the great French war, when the a man discbarge a pistol st bis itfhabiUnU of England and Wales own person ; ho then crossed the numberedonly8,500,000(sndthey road and discharged a second : he now amount to near 30,000,000), then fell on his right knee, and, and those were divided into an- throwing his head backwards, cut tagonfstio factions, old George his throat with a knife. When the the Third reviewed in Hyde-park passers-by reached the spot, the I9.0IMI Volunteers, all Londoners, suicide was quite dead— » severs In I Wl.T, the ranks of the Volun- pistol-wound was on his forehead, teers had so increased, under the but the gash on the right side of conviction of an impending inva- his neck had been inflected with si-iii, that it was found ueccsaarr to surgical precision, and had proved review then onttwo separate dava. ioatantly fatal. The suicide waa On the 911th October, the eastern by appearance a foreigner : on his metropolis plsoed in array in Hyde- loft breast had been tattoed the park 19,401 men, in so* dense a . — , ,. ,. . _
Ef2fiS*mifJ?m -^•••C'lSAJSWit
both ends of the line at thai same nuiac AsteUs.
|
NNUAL REGISTER. [1800 femmcs injidcles,'' was then burst open by the cou- 11 woman below, stable, and a most frightful spec ere a gold watch tacle presented itself, for on the silver and other floor was the body of the wife, :e letters, written headless, and quite naked: t«o partly in English, pieces of canvass were lying on iture. The first the stomach. A search about the of wild iudigna- room, which was covered with risonment at tho blood, led to the discovery of tbo me woman ; the head of the murdered woman. 1 stated, in Inn- thrown into a coal cupboard, having nving the horror previously been wrapped in a towel, io writer's mind, evidently for the purpose of being had met death at conveyed away. On an examination hat the causa of of the body, it was found that at- as that she had tempts had been made to sever tbe lence, turned out legs nud arms of the murdered le ; that be hud woman from her body. On a table had been itnpri- was a large knife open, and in tho ice, room a saw, with n quantity of blood ud part of this and hair upon it. There were covered. About several cuts on the head, and an |
JUNE] CHRONICLE. 98
htm to the extremest degree, and 16 ; and ■ ion, William Seville, IS that ha spoke of his wifo with yean old, — his children by a former bitter resentment To one of these wife ; a daughter, Mary Amelia, person* he eame on Tuesday morn- aged 5 years ; a son, Francis Saville, nig: " h* was then very excited aged 3 years and 10 months; and and nearly like a madman. He a daughter about 2 years old, — the told me by degrees what he had children of the present Mrs. Kent; done — not all bat nearly all. That together with three female servants, he had killed his wife. He said — tbe nursemaid, cook, and house- he had done it on Saturday night." maid. These twelve persons were At first be stated that he had the inmates of the house on the knocked her down, and concluded evening of the 29th June. The by saying that he had cut her arrangements for sleeping were throat His brother stated that thus distributed : On the first floor, he was in the habit of going to Mr. and Mrs. Kent, and the child Dr. Kehn's Museum, 'and studying Mary Amelia, slept in the same the arteries about the neck and room ; in another room, the nurse- throat and especially familiarising maid, Elizabeth Gough, with tbe himaelf with the position of the boy Francis Saville and tbe jugular vein. These witnesses youngest girl. On the second floor, generally concurred in describing William Saville slept in a room the suicide as in some respects a by himself; Constance also in a maniac. room by herself; the two eldest
39. Tbe Road Child Mobdbb. daughters slept together; and in
—A murder has been committed a room between that of these
at Road, in Wiltshire, tbe perpe- sisters and that of Constance, the
trators and circumstances of which cook and housemaid. There were
are so utterly mysterious, that it only two sleeping chambers on the
has occupied the attention of tbe first floor, but there were also a
public to an extraordinary degree lumber-room and spare-room on
— a crime committed under cir- that floor over the drawing-room ;
cumstanees which at first sight and a lumber-room and bed-room
would seem to render detection on the second floor. On the ground
easy and prompt, but which has floor were — on one side of the ball
baffled the acutest researches of the dining-room, on tbe other tbe
the detective police, and the long- library and drawing-room, the
continued ana repeated investiga- latter a large apartment with three
tions of the magistrates; and the windows looking upon the lawn,
solution of which has eluded even a A lamp was usually kept burning
consistent and probable conjecture, through the night in the hall, ana
At Road, a small village about was seen alight throughout the
three miles from Trowbridge, and night of the 'JOth June. A man
four miles from Frome, is a house and boy were employed in the
of three atones, standing in its garden and about the house, and
own grounds, the residence of an assistant nursemaid ; but these)
Mr. 3. 8. Kent, a sub-inspector of did not sleep on the premises. It
factories of that district. The is necessary to describe the emaga-
family consisted of Mr. Kent, his menls of " the nursery," or nam
wife, three daughters— Mary Anne, in which the nursemaid and two
aged 39; Elisabeth, 37 ; Constance, children slept, somewhat minutely.
|
(NUAL REGISTER. [1800 n the opposite ' At 5 o'clock.' I then asked her to Mr. Kent's why she had not come io tell me i the side of before. Site said she had Dot done to the passage so because she thought I hod gone next the bod in into tho nursery and taken him ilept, and dose out. I said to her, ' How dare you between it and say so! You know I never do e room, the cot ttuch a thing.' The boy was a girl alopt. On very heavy child, and tho nurse the room, oppo- knaw that I was not able to carry d placed length- him; in fact, I had never taken e cot in which him out of his cot— at any rate, villa slept. The while the nurse waa asleop." tt the room con- should here he stated that Mr». by which lii ■ Kent was at this time large with ,nd a door which child, and very near her confine* nner room, tho ment. Mrs. Kent now roused her oolied out upon husband, who had been awakened Ming-room, and by the kuock at tho door and the ;d as a dressing- subsequent conversation. Inquiry was made of the other members the 2tllli June of the family whether the missing |
JUME]
CHRONICLR.
96
night-dress; this and the blanket wen much stained with blood and night-soil. They laid the body on the blanket and carried it into the kitchen. The evidence of the sur- geon, on the flrat examination, de- scribing the appearance of the corpse waa u followi : — Joanna Persons.*
[ am a sur- geon, raiding at Bickington. I attend Mr. Kant 'a family. I waa called in on the 80th of tut month, about half-nut 8 in the morning. Muter w. Kent came for me. On my arrival 1 uw the body of Francis Saville Kent in tho laundry. He had hia night- drew on. He wu enveloped in a blanket The blanket and the nigbt-olotbu were atained with blood. I observed nothing more than the etaine of blood and soil on tho clothes. There was a mark of an inciaioii on the night-dree* and flannel on the left tide, out- ling through tho cartilage of the two ribe. The mouth of the child liad a blackened appearance, with the tongue protruded between the teeth. My impression wu, that that blackened appearance had been produced by forcible pressure on it during life. I examined the interior of the mouth, lips, and cheeks, and found no abrasion such u would lead me to suppose that anything had been forcibly pushed, into it. I then saw a largo incision of the throat extending from one ear to the other, and dividing the whole of the struc- tures down to the spine. I made a pi-l morttm examination of the body. 1 found all the internal organs of the body complete!* drained of blood. The stomach wu in a healthy state, and I saw no reason to suspect the adminis- tration of a narcotic or poisonous drag. I found that the stab in
the chest had not penetrated the heart, but had pushed it out of Its place, and had penetrated the dia- phragm, and had slightly wounded the outer ooat of tho stomaoh, on the right of it There were also two Tory alight incisions on the right hand, which appeared to have been made after death. The child appeared to have been dead at least fire hours. I thiuk the incision of the throat, and not the stab, wu the immediate causa of death. A long pointed knife, in my opinion, would be the instru- ment to have caused such wounds. The deceased wu a very heavy child for hie age. In my judg- ment, the incision in the chest wu made by a pointed knife, but not with the point coming obliquely, but a dagger-ehsped knife, like a carving-knife. I came to that con- clusion from the way in which the clothes are cut. It would have required very great force to inflict such a blow through the night- dress and to the depth to which it had penetrated. The ribe of a ohild are vary flexible, and the great amount of force necessary for such a blow would depress the ribs and cause the heart to diverge forward from its natural position, and if the clothes had not been cut the heart must havo been pe- netrated.
Much being the ascertained facta of this mysterious tragedy, we will endeavour to trsre out the colla- teral incidents step by atep.
And first, u to the nursery. Elizabeth Dough, the nursemaid, after describing the arrangements of the chamber, said : " I loot uw the little boy in his bed at Ave minutes put II o'clock. I first observed that he wu not in bis bed at ft o'clock, when I fat up in my own bad ta cover «p
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JNUAL REGISTER. [18C0 to see whether — smoother than I should have ei- I should not pected. I said. ' Do you tneau to iead round. I say that this is whore the child was bed, and then taken from?' She replied, ' Yes." i looking over The clothes were turned down, uld see that he and I saw the mark of the little ;p at n quarter fellow's head on the pillow. I uud to look at said to the nurse, 'Have you lost \-. On looking anything out of the nursery except .hat the clothes the child?' Sho replied, there was hto ueat nt the n blanket taken or drawn, I forget nit not at the which word she used, from the cot; as at the head hut there was nothing else miss- been arranged, iiig." This was expressed by ano- of the child's ther officer: "She said, Nothing i. The uuder but a small blanket that was be- disturbed ; the twecn the sheet and the quilt ; the quilt were she said it might have been drawn .om of the bed out without removing the quilt." •u turned back, Foley, the superintendent of been put tidy the Wilts constabulary, gave this had been taken account of his examination of the |
JUNE]
CHRONICLE.
97
seen very veil. The prisoner showed me where she end the other child slept. She said alio woke about 6 o'clock and missed the child ; but, thinking its mo- ther had taken it into her room, she laid down again and slept till 0."
The nurse also stated to Wolfe, another officer : " The first time I missed the blanket was after the child was found." This officer said "ihat on the statement of the nurae that she knelt up in the bed. looked across towards the cot, and missed the child, lie had tried the experiment by kneeling on the bed and looking towards the cot ; a garment of a dark colour was put in the cot in the position where the child was ly- ing, but he could not see it. The sides of the cot were of thick cane work. Looking over the cot you could only see about four inches into the cot ; looking side- way*, you could nut see into the cam-work. If »he had stood up she could hare looked into it."
CH]>iain Mtwdith, the chief of the Wilts constabulary, said : " She (the iiiirscmni.il described the bedclothes as having been tui-ked in by her ou the night of the murder, and she then de- scribed how she found the clothes when she missed the boy in the morning. She said the sheet and counterpane Wr-re turned twice down, so as to i'ume below the centre uf the lied, and that was the slate of them when I saw them. It was quite impossible to see whether there was a blanket between the sbeet and counter- pane. If a blanket had been withdrawn from between the sheet and counterpane, as I saw tbem, the clothes rau« have been ad- justed afterwards."
Vol. CI I.
The blanket is I A yard in length and 1 yard in width ; it would not allow much to be tucked in at the side, but it is quite long enough to be tucked iu at the bottom of thscot.
It was the custom to bum a " Cbild'a night-light" in the nur- sery, which would burn not quite six hours. This was lighted this night about 1 1 o'clock, and bad bonit out when the nursemaid woke at 5 o'clock.
The general arrangement of the house, so far as it can be gathered from the evidence — for no plan has been produced — has already been described. The cook stated lhat it was her duty, before retir- ing to bed, to secure the doors end windows of the back of the house. She had done so on the night of the murder, and in the morning found the fastenings at the back of the house aa she had left them the night before.
The cadence of Sarah Cos, the housemaid, was important. It was her duty to shut up and secure the fastenings of the from of the house. She deposed that she had done so on the night in question; in par- ticular, that she secured the win- dows of the drawing-room by a small hasp, and then fastened and bolted the shutters, and locked and bolted the door, having a light with her fur the purpose. She observed nothing to suggest that anyone was at that time concealed in any of the rooms. The shutters, as ia the common mode, were secured by a bar and hasp. Ou coming down stairs the next morning the found everything as she bad loft it the night before, except the drawing-room. The door of this room from the passage was open and the shutters of one of the window* were open, and the wm> dow was a little way— a fit* inches
H
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 re no marks of any marks on llic window-sill or bad broken in; Wick work. Ibis llint auyoue The privy where the body of indow from the the child was found ia de&crilied dug instruments as being about twenty-five feet ift marks on the from (lie house, or about '4U0 rk. 'Die house- feet from the centra window of idow down, and the drawing-room, going round the lie circumstance house. It had a peculiarity: be- supposing that low the sent [here was an incliued might have re- "splash-board," with a apace be- iw heforo going twecn its furiher edge and the o air the room. wall. The cesspool below was Ir. Kent was in large and full of soil. The body ing round the of the child and the blanket lay ng to bed. She over the open space, which was : to (he nurse- not sufficiently wide to allow them Iter came down to pass into the cesspool below; Master Seville and the suggestion was that the not ubaerve any wound on the body of the child room. had been occasioned by an attempt d : "I was the to force it through tlio aperture. |
JUNE]
CHRONICLE.
It mi surrounded by a wall eight or ten feet high ; the gate was so placed that a person passing from ilie drawing-room window to the
?rivy must pass close to this gate, n the stable-yard was kept a Newfoundland dog. which was always unchained at night and allowed to go about the yard at pleasure. It was turned loose at Id o'clock on the nigbt of the 311th June. This dog, which was aged, was frequently beard bark- ing at strangers: but was not heard by anyone to bark during this night.
The officers who searched the I louse found no signs that any person had been concealed in any part of it ; there were no marks of blood, or any suspicions signs, in any part. The clothes of the inmates were examined, but none were found stained with blood or otherwise suspiciously marked. The shoes aud boots of the house- hold bore no foul dirt; none of the knives were mission '■ those found were all in proper state; the Rinli'ii tools were in the usual Hate; no instrument calculated to iuilici Much wounds as the child's corpse exhibited were missed — in short, no tiigns or indications pointing to the circumstances of tho murJcr or the perpetrators were disrov arable.
There was nothing to show with nny exactness the time when the crime we* committed. Mrs. Kent appears to have retired to bed Wtwcen 111 and II o'clock; Mr. Kent, by his own account, be- tween half-put II and 19 o'clock. The pill wukh was administered to the child between 8 and 0 (ac- cording to Mrs. Kent's statement it in ml hare been nearer >*j would not, the doctor said, operate under nix hour*, and rery probably it
might be more — eight or twelve hours, lie found, on examination of the corpse, no traces of this pill — one grain of blue pill tad three grains of compound rhubarb
into the 1 bad certainly not operated. The doctor stated that when he flat ww the corpse at 9 *.■■ life had probably been extinct fire or six noun. This would plane the pro- bable hour of death between 9 and 4 in the morning.
Of the twelve persons who wen in the bouse on the night of the 20ih June, the two youngest sur- viving children were of such tends* sge as to place them out of ques- tion. The two elder girls, vki slept together, cleared each otbei from any absence from their bed- chamber that night ; so also did the two servant-maids ; and it has not been suggested that there was any reason to doubt their truth Constance and William also made statements which have the appear- ance of being true. The account given by the nurse- ma id, Elisabeth Uough, has already been stated, and accorded with those of the other witnesses so far as they were concurrent.
Mr. Kent, at a late stage of the proceedings, voluntarily submitted to examination. That part of hu statement which relates to bis pro- ceedings on the nigbt of the 99th has already been given. lire Kent also was examined. 8h< stated that on the night of Iwt 90th she saw the child in bed shout 8 o'clock; the nurse assists* in putting him into bed ; he wm covered with a sheet, a blanket and a quilt ; there was no par of the blanket exposed. Shore turned to the room a little baton 9 o'clock, when the nurse had gum II 9
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NUAL REGISTER. [I860 iuul. " I paid proved very unsatisfactory, and 10 o'clock, legal proceeding wcro subsequently ;U iu a little taken to set it aside, and to have an aery. I called inquiry on a writ of ad mehii* in- i me upstairs yttirendum. The grounds alleged ?t from a win- were improper conduct on the part turned to the of the coroner; his refusal to to the dining- summon for e*a ruination all the iere for some members of Mr. Kent's family, I and I were against whom the popular fury All the other raged with intliscrimiTiiite violence; to bed. When and his bringing the inquiry to cd-roorn, T no- an abrupt termination, contrary to ;ery door was the wish of the jurymen. But as usual. I these charges were satisfactorily ring the night, answered ; and it appeared that in , good at the fact such was the excitement of ry lightly. I the jury and the populace, that ise during the they quite lost self-control, and ntly heard the proposed courses which were rather a nursery. I calculated to impede than to pro- Early in the mote the course of justice. The |
JDXEJ CHRONICLE. 101
The excitement of the people The clothes-baskets had do ap- of Hie neighbourhood had now pcsrance of having been touched. risen to an uncontrollable height, The basket! were delivered by the and had taken the turn of accusing cook to the laundress and bar Constance Kent and William — a daughter the same morning. Ac- girl of sixteen and a lad of four- cording to the statement of the teen— of having murdered their laundrese, when the opened the little brother out of petty jealousy, clothes-baskets at her own house, Which er, au experienced London Mies Constance '■ dress was miss- detective, had been sent down to ing: nor has it since been found. assist the local police, and he, The suggestion was, that either having obtained a warrant, took during the absence of the maid Constance into custody, and she for the glass of water, or in the) was placed before the magistrates interval between the packing by as the murderess. The grounds the house-maid and the delivery on which this accusation was made by the cook. Miss Constant* bad wore so frivolous, and the evidence opened the basket and taken awaj by which it was attempted to be the dress. It was not. however, supported so childish, that the pro- suggested that there had been any cccding can only be described as auspicious conduct on the young absurd and cruel. The ground of lady's part, nor was there any eon- arrest was, that one of the young ceivable motive why she should lady's night-dresses was missing, wish to abstract this dress, since it It appeared by the young lady's was not doubted that there were no hat that she had three of these marks whatever upon it: nor did articles : the housemaid deposed, her accusers attempt to account that when, on the Monday after for their own failure to discover the murder, she collected the some tnire of the garment — oon- faiuily linen to be sent to the ccalment or destruction by tiro uuMhcrwomsii. slio received from mas almost impossible, as the Miss Constance that which she house was then in possession of had worn the week before ; it was the police, who were investigating soiled exactly as such an article the case with c.iger jealousy; nor worn for a week would be : she was the evidence of the laundress placed it in the basket, placing so clear as to be worthy of toll other clothes of bulk on the top reliance. The only other evidence of all ; the other two night-dresses to support the charge was sin- of Miss Constance, which liad been gularty empty and vexatious, brought home from the wash, the Whicher produced two of the servant aired for use. The servant poor girl's schoolfellows, who de- osid that wheu she had packed the posed to some silly expressions i lot lies -basket*. Miss Constance of jealousy by the young lady, came and nvk»d her to get her a while resident at lite board ing- glass of water, and followed her school, respecting the greater si- ns she did so to the top of the teniion received by the children buck stair : she was not gone a of the second family, minute, and when she relumed As regards the shimhs of Coa- wilh the water her young mistress stance towards her brother, lbs was standing where she bad left housemaid was asked, •' Did you her : drank the water and retired, observe anything in Hiss Cou-
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NUAL REGISTER. [I860 ie morning of persede the established courts of ras at all un- justice, wliichnn? governed bywell- ffered, " No, known and careful ly-detined rules, ■ief which was and to establish in their steiid, by ; other mem- lhe royal authority, a commission " And Con- exercising a new and arbitrary ; examined on power of examination, unknown to in, said, " He the English law, would be highly empered boy. unconstitutional. " The rules," 1 have played said thia judicious reply, "which had dune so govern our ordinary courts are in- leared to be tended, not only for the detection was fond of of guilt, but also for the protection of innocence from unjust aceusa- he titter cm pi i- tions; and when the crime is of ao :e, the magi- grievous a nature as to excite ft ;d the accused strong feeling of horror and indig' «g into reeog- nation in the public mind, a strict r her appear- adherence to those rules is abso- lutely necessary for the fair and ion, the exer- impartial administration of jus- |
JUKE]
CHRONICLE.
103
■mining Mr. Kent ami his family, Elizabeth Qough was again ar- rested on a warrant and placed at ilie bar. Mr. Saunders, instructed by Mr. Slack, appeared ou behalf of the Crown. This, the third legal investigation, certainly did nothing to clear up the mystery ; on the contrary, many statements mid supposed fuels produced ou the previous occasions were now with- drawn, or explained, or contra- dicted; while, on the other hand. h plentiful crop of errors, rumours, and vague statement*, sprung up. Tlio facts, as they hare been already stated, are such as stood the test of inquiry. The more noticeable- jttinU of the present exam inatiou, not before stated, were these : the flannel found in the privy, with congealed blood upon it, had been tried on the wok and the housemaid, neither of whom it fitted ; but on being tried on the nursemaid did fit. Mnt it was admitted that this article was of the very commonest pattern, such as any woman might rut out fur herself from an old pet- tii'iMl, and would tit any woman of the nursemaid's width; and, in- deed, did tit the person who tried' it on her. The inference from ■ he undisturbed state of the bed- clothes on the child's cot, notwith- standing that the blanket had been withdrawn, was much weakened by an uncertainty whether the nurse- maid had represented the arrange- ment as being the identical mid untouched disposition of the arti- cles as she found them, or as being arranged t" sAo* the condition in which she found them : implying that she bad, on missing the child, touched or altered the then con- dition of the clothes, and had after- wards re-arranged them in illustra- tion. The gardener admitted that
a person might pass from the draw- ing-room window to the prity with- out attracting the dog's notice, and that the dog was more usually at the other end of the yard.
The evidence of the surgeon upou this occasion came to a dif- ferent conclusion from that which he had stated when cumin ad before. He said: "Theculinlho throat divided two large arteries. At the time, my impression was that the throat was not cut in the
f'laro where the body waa found, •ecause I saw no jets of blood on the person of the child. If the heart was beating when the throat was cut tbe blend would hare come out from the arteries in je«. It haa since occurred to me, that probably circulation waa stopped by pressure on the mouth before the cut was made. In that case life might have been almost ex- tinguished, but not quite, before the throat was cut. The heart might cease to bent a few momenta before death took [dare. I have no doubt that the stab in the aide waa dune after death. Mr impression ia. though I cannot say j>osi lively, that the child was first suffocated by pressure on the mouth, and then sullied in the side. I think tbe wound in the chest had nothing to do with the death, but I cannot say positively whether the ehild was dead when the tint wound was inflicted in tbe throat. The suffo- cation might not havo been earned to the extent of producing death. I waa not originally of opinion that the child was suffocated in the first instance, but subsequent reflection has brought me to that con elusion." Since, however, this gentleman stated, on bis fire* ex- amination, " I found all tbe in- ternal organs of tbe body eosn- pleiely drained of blood," it doe*
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;nual register. [iseo that complete night in the house. Mr. Kent ad- a eonsequence mitted them after the rest of tbe of the henrt of family had gone to bed — after 1 1 but dead from o'clock. Ho put them into the , if it could be, kitchen, supplied them with re- ntity of blood freshments, and then, without f the privy and their knowledge, locked them in. ill equal to the These vigilant detectives did not in the body of discover the fact until past 2 iild four years o'clock, when they made so much qupnt informal uoiso at the door that Mr. Kent Saunders, Mr. came and unlocked it. One of 1 insisted Mr. them k'ft, and the other lie let out st mortem ex- of the bouse about half-past 5 it to be his o'clock. It does not appear that i had resulted Mr. Kent had gone to bed that cutting of tbe nisht. He offered no intelligible- ;hat ho saw no explanation of his conduct. t. Thus far. however strange the made by Mr. circumstances might appear, th« stances itnmc- evidence had been entirely con- th the missing ai-tent ; bill tin? ■.■Mniiinatioii pro. |
JUNE]
CHRONICLE.
105
qiicntlj when questioned privately by (lie police — steadily declared l lint she II its t know that the blanket had been removed from the cot by tlio dead bod; of tho child being brought in wrapped in it. If there be an innocent explanation uf this discrepancy, it is probably this — that tho nurse, when she missed the child, had touched or removed the clothes upon the cot, and so became aware that the blanket was gone, and had mentioned the furl to Mr. or Mrs. Kent ; but had, in the terror and distraction of so terrible a morning, confused the order of time. Or perhaps Mrs. Kent, when she hurried into the nursery, had herself discovered tlmt the blanket was gone.
Upon this occasion all but the tun youngest of Mr. Kent's family
it appears that so far from tho nurse-maid having shown any de mit to avoid the Bight of the corpse, a-, had been reported against her, (•he had frequency entered the rjiiin in which it was bid-out to kisi her deait charge, and assisted tu place it in tin' coffin.
I lirjin nes had been made into the previous conduct of the young unman, and it »x- found to have been excellent. Wink detained in the house of a policeman under luireiltiinff, her behaviour was de- I'uruus, her statements frsnk and consistent, and the questions of her guardians answered without impatience ; nor did she at any lime seem to avoid the subject of the murder as dangerous.
These proceeding* ended in the uieused being again discharged.
A fourth inquiry, of a u*ry ano- malous and irregular character, was instituted under the direction of a single magistrate, Mr. Saunders.
So far, however, from eliciting any explanation of the mystery, it served only to confound and rendu more obscure the few facta already known ; in fact, suspicions, ra- tions sud contradictions, were ad- mitted as a kind of evidence, to such confusion of the judgment, that if there was anything of truth, it became impossible to discrimi- nnte it from the false.
Thus, by the failure of all tb«M investigations, regular and irregu- lar, the Itoad murder remains in- explicable. Although the circle of suspicion is strangely narrowed, wc are in the dark uu every pojpL We cannot evr.i conceive to our- selves either the motive, or the manner, or any circumstances of the crime, without violence to pro- bability or reason. It is as hard to presume innocence as guilt, and guilt as innocence. Although toe nursemaid, from whose chamber the child was taken, would naturally be the lirst object of suspicion, yet 10 little did any other fact teem to point to her as the murderess, that the public fury alighted first upon lw<> persons who slept in two other moms upon another floor; and the practised skill of a London detective selected one of these as the criminal. These facts show that there is no impossibility, nor even very great improbability, in the supposition that some person may have entered the nurse's room while she was asleep and carried off the child, without disturbing her. When inquiry is turned to- wards the father, the motives far his not committing murder an infinitely stronger than any sua* coverable inducements to commit it. If the suggestion be consi- dered, that the crime originated in
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NNUAL REGISTER [1860 been discovered ters. Cooke's noble picture, " The inve admitted a Goodwin Sands," produced 7:iflgs. bed, the proba- Tlie twenty-one pictures produced visitor was a together the enormous sum of ise is very nearly 2*2,575/. was an inmate ; On the same occasion, some rc- oint greater, in- markable work*, belonging to the ,tige of blood or late Rev. S. Colby, were sold. A t of the crime pair of portraits of Mr. Ellison and the persona or his wife, by Rembrandt, mastcr- the inmates, or pieces of life painting, produced , within the pre- 1801) gs. ; and two paintings by irauyci'. in with- Boucher 1 y 50 gs. iovc with him all Twenty-five pictures were dis- ilt. posed of at this sale in about an iderk Collec- hour and a half, for the aggregate *.— Twenty-one sum of 35,887/. i, a portion of State of Ireland. — Although ,-idere collection, the physical and with it the moral auction. As all condition of Ireland has unques- he very highest tiouably improved, yet the annals |
JUKE) CHRONICLE. 1U7
crime*." This optimist, however, sentment by his conduct to a gill
then proceeds to give an account in iho village. The locality of then
of a "murder "in Mayo, a "wilful offence* is the King's County,
murder " in Meath, and two " ho- In February, a poor fellow named
micides " in Dungannon. Harrison, "Lord Plunkott s plough-
The state of the King's County man," wis shot dead close to bis
and Westmeath has given the own house, in Mayo, probably be-
autborities some anxiety. In Jan- cause his master bad recently
nary, Mr. Dunne, a largo land- evicted his tenants. In the same
owner, arid agent for the estates county a Mrs. Walsh was mur-
of Hit (J. tl. Coote, was followed dered* at Kileoula.
and shot at his own door in The Wkathkr. — The weather
Tullamore : he was dangeroualy of the Spring Quarter exhibited in
wounded. On tlio Ufth of the ail its disadvantage* the ©old, wet,
name month, a miller. Mr. Hewit- stormy character of this miserable
nm, was attacked and robbed at rear. The days and nights of
llallydulT. and so injured that he April were remarkably cold; and
died. On the Mlth a serious out- though in May they were even
rage was perpetrated at t'louteu- slightly warmer than usual, the
tin. near Ranagher. The house season retrograded instead of ad-
nf an old man, named M'Nally. vancing in June, and that month
was attacked, between 11 and \i was colder than any June sines
o'clock at night, by a largo party IH«i. ft should hare been at
of men, armed with heavy blud- lean "J wanner than May, and
ticntiH, who forced open the outer was much colder. This bitter
door, and having thus effected an summer was aggravated by a rain-
i' n I ranee, they also forced the door fall greater than has been recorded
■>f an inner room, and dragged since 141 SV — indeed, in the south
Christopher M'Nally. the son of of Kugland, the wet was unet-
ihe owner of the bouse, out of bed, ampled — and by a rapid succession
furred him into the kitchen, and of severe gales,
from thence oiitside the door. The daily defect of temperature
where ilie ruffians heat him with in the first five weeks was 3|°, and
their murderous weapons, inflict- of the last fire weeks A\". In
ing severe wounds on his head and June, llie mean heat of the days,
body. Whilst the party was beat- waa not leas than 6(* Mow the
ing M'Nally another follow kept average — this day temperature of
" watch and ward " over the elder June was lower than any that baa
M'Nally. and gave him some rough been recorded since the registers
treatment. M'Nally 'a wife scream- were commenced in 1*40; and in
■■'I Imiilly fur assistance, and her miserable contrast to the glorious
irie> attracted the atleution of weatherof several preceding Junes.
Mime neighbours, on whose an- The clianges in the barometric
proa<-h her husband's assailants pressure during this have been as
tied. The noise was also heard frequent, though not perhaps an
by a police paiml. who followed sudden and extensive, aa in the)
up the traces and captured the preceding quarter,
probable evil-doers. In this case The fall of rain during; the
the sufferer hail incurred just re- quarter was excessiTt. In June,
JUNE]
CHRONICLE.
109
so general was the activity of trade, thnt pauperism exhibited a con- tinued though slight decrease com- pared with 15*51), but very consider- able when compared with 1858.
The cold season greatly affected the leafage and blooming of trees and shrubs. The fen warm days of May gave life to the vegetable world ; out the succeeding cold checked the expanding energy of nature : and the " Spring " was as late as it was ungenial.
Eaiethuuakr at Lima. — Ac- counts have been received of a de- structivo earthquake which has occurred in Peru
On the 2in<l of April the severest shock of earthquake took place at Lima and its neighbourhood, on the west coast of South America, that has been experienced there within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. A reliable correspon- dent, writing from Lima, states : — " I was ut the time on a visit at the house of my friend, Mr. R.j tngcihi-r with several other people, among wlium were the American Minister, wife, and daughter: on the first oscillation wo all rushed out : it was frightful, the earth heaving, accompanied by a tre- mendous subterranean noi«c, the houses and walls falling, the wo- men screaming, and in the midst of such a thick cloud of dust that we could not see the ground we were standing un. The shock lasted for the space of ahout fifty seconds ; the wind gradually drew off the thick cloud of dust, raised by the trembling of the earth and the falling of walls aud rubr.i-.li. The sight was then somewhat ludicrous, tho whole population in the open air begrimed with dirt, many on knees crying out
all
ind. Several houses am
walls were thrown down, and nearly every bouse more or less injured; the one in which I was at the time, though not entirely thrown down, was rendered unin- habitable. My home scarcely suf- fered at all, beiug new and strongly built, a few bottles and crockery being the extent of the damage. Two poor women were killed, and several injured. Of people who were bathing at the time, some were injured and some were killed by the cliff falling upon them. Had the shock taken place daring the night, or during church time, the loss of life would have been very great ; indeed, it was w severe, that we expected Lima would have been laid in ruins; bat, to our surprise, less damage oc- curred there than in Cborrilloa, the houses of thia city being very massively buitt in order to resist such accidents. A great deal of damage has been done, though few lives have been lost. The earth continued trembling at intervals for thirty-six hours after, and the next morning (Moudayiat 0.45 a.m. another very severe shock was felt, though not so strong aa the one on the previous day. Thia, of course, added greatly to the panic generally felt. The shops were closed, and all business suspended, everybody remaining at the doors of their houses ready to run at a moment's warning. Many people went into the fields, and the two following nights were passed by thousands in the open air. On Monday evening the image of Our Lord of the Miracles was taken out of his church and carried in grand procession, followed by an immense concourse of people, to visit Si. Peter, where it remained all night, and was conveyed back again the next morning. This set
JULY]
CIIR0NICL1
111
building presented a scene resem- bling the orgies of a lunatic im- svluin liruke louse . Much mischief might 1 1 live beet) iluuu ti> tin: build- ing, hud uol a strong body of polite entered, and l>y it sudden exertion id vigour expelled the rulli.iin. Outrages of m determined a na- ture were recommenced at the evening service uf the following Sunday. The morning service hud Win performed in comparative ■iiiict, although the senium wm preached by the I lev. F. (i. Lee. a gcntlemuu who had been pro- hibited li v the Bishop uf IahuIoii sumo time before, on account uf the extraordinary vestmeuU lie wore, and other peculiar conduct. I'mlmbly the reverend gentleman bad somewhat toned down bid pre- tensions, fur on this occasion ho utira a plain while turyUct, which, ihotigh objected to by the pari.-h- iniieis, did nut give such glaring ulTciic*'. The great cross over the altar hud been removed, and some id tliM sniuller altar decorations li.id been lukon away. These coii- rensi .in upprarcd tu have produced ui-dittmi .flirt.
Perhaps Mr. Lie wan not im- mediately recognized ; but i! g-il :il.n..il thai lie w:w to pre.ich in the ivti.inj. and l-'iig l-fun- thu i-lllircll d-Hita were opened a I'luluUl
■noli uf near I- persona hud aa<
M.mldt.1. No - -lit r »a* thr build- ing iillid than thin "congregation "
<■ n.-uccd hulling and veiling
l.-arfully. When the chori-trr*
hurst f..ilhm furv. i.'ll, wi.Ku- rnai-u, «... *huiii.*d f'Tth; and inn of "Fit*:- rcnd.r.-d more l.rrihnigbv the turning nil social of li..- gaslights. Wlitu the reader cmitn. lie. d llie iV-uiu.. ill.
. if.-r..u - No ['. p.,« ■
. of
mi:
1 a body
of men and hoys in the gallery began to sing, " ltule Britannia," the famous choms being taken up with tremendous energy by the ■nub in all parts of the church. When Mr. I.cc ascended the pulpit, the same yells and huntings were shouted, and the rev. gentleman was assailed with the filthiest epi- thets the language can produce. As he preached, the mob again sang, " llulc Britannia!" and then cunimeneed. " We won't gn homo till morning." which proved so pi.pul.ir, thai it won kept up tu the close of the address. The rector and church wardens had removed all prayer-books, cushions, has- socks, and everything which could be used as a missile ; this form of nut rage was Uierefure pretermitted, but the uiub did all the mischief they could contrive. The interior of the church was now a ruin, and filthily dirty. Tin: mob seemed disposed to remain and continue their orgies through the night; but the sudden entry of n party of }ulii-c put them to (light. Three buys mid a Woman wero brought before thu magistrate for their misconduct •>» this occasion, but no act could be distinctly proved agiiitist them, and they were dis- clntrgi-il — the magistrate* taking the opportunity uf declaring their iutriiti'.n of punishing with the utmost rigour of thu law any proved unVndtir.
Proceedings of a similiir dis- graceful I'luiriirti r continued for some weeks. The Bishop of London, exerci-ing an authority n]i ie|i the rector protested against, nniM-l the enmsea ami inscriptions t<> lie leuuviii fmui the altar, and
tin -mice me* performed under
the iuspivtiuii perhaps not to the gnat cdilicaiion— of 3ik» police- ini-n. This strong guard prevented
JULY) CHRONICLE. 118
St. Mary-le-boue, to take charge charged with the spiritual taper- of the pariah. But even iii part- vision of the district, and offer- ing Mr. King loft hinting bebind, ing iuch au easy mode of escape for be put this gentleman under from a position of difficulty and such stipulations aa had well-nigh disgrace, would hate been thank- rendered hie attempts to recoil- fully obeyed. A tender conscience cile the feuds abortive He was may be scandalized at certain acta under obligations to continue some of commission ; but the omission of the former objectionable prso- of acta not enjoined can offend no ticea, such as preaching in a aur- one. So did not think Mr. Bryan plicc, retaining the services of the King, who addressed a "public choristers und the chanting of the and solemn protest " against the l'sutuis. Now, had tbo rev. gentle- conduct of the Bishop ; and Hr. man undertaken to preach Maui- Hansard, who found his engage- chssistn or Pantheism, or any other inenta to the rector irreconcileabla i»m, the populace would have known to the direction* of the diocesan, nothing about it; but the vestments thought it right to resign hia un- aud choir are palpable objects, and enviable appointment ; and the were precisely those matters against reverend rector threatens a re- which the fury of the mob had newal of the war when the rear been directed. At first, there- of truce shall have expired, '■h.ven fore, Mr. Hansard a efforts were of you, my Lord, can scarcely be san- smn.ll avail ; but by perseverance guine enough to imagine that I in conciliatory measures, whenever shall respect the acts of your late they were left open to him, and illegal aggression upon my return by tbo aroused feeling of the pa- to my charge." mhioners.andporhepsbecdunc the Indian Mutim Relief Fckd. amusement had staled, he gradu- — The ChrouicU for IH37 records ally succeeded in obtaining e dc- the establishment of a Fund for cent respect for the performance of the relief of our countrymen who divine service in the much-vexed were reduced to destitution by the pari-h of St. Ucorges-in-l tic -Lost. Indian Mutiny. It is there stated
Thin quietude docs not promise that up to February, 1 U5K, sums
to be of long duration. Mr. King, amounting to 3 Ij.UUOt . had been
apparently restored lo a sciisu of received. Of course, the larger
decorum by the refreshment of portion of the subscriptions waa
travel, consented to submit the- collected while the necessity for
esse between himself and his pa- relief waa most urgent; but the
rishioners to the Bishop of Loudon application of die Fund had hardly
—no great deference, it might be commenced. The General Com-
supposed, to bis own diocesan, mittee have now published their
The Bishop issued a monition Report for 1W.1, which may be
directing the IValme to be read, taken to represent the whole ope-
ihc «i rmoiH to bo preached in a ration of the Fuud, both at to re-
blink gown, the sujwr altar and ceipls and disbursement*. It an*
it d en re- table to be removed, and pears, from this interesting docu-
the choristers to be abolished, iiieut, that tbo total receipts from
Sensible people vx.uld probably subscriptions, interest, and repaj-
tbiuk that such moderate injunc- ments amount to 403,8911.: that
tions, issued by the authority there haa been remitted lo India,
Vol. CI I. I
JULY) CHRONICLE. 116
by the universal interest taken by army to the utmost disadvantage the inhabitants or Swiueriand in — for while the corps had scarcely their Tir Federal end Tin Cam- been in existence six months, and tnnnciiHj, end the independence of that period the greater part bed (hereby secured to e small nation been spent in drill, the repute of inhabiting a strong country ear- the Swiss marksmen was great, rounded by great military States, and our own army had for long It was with the view of establish- been subject to a oenrae of in- ing a national meeting fur compe- b true lion which must needs ban titiou in ri lie -shoo ting, and there- produced many excellent shots. by encouraging county meetings Fortunately, a piece of ground, for tlio same purpose — and the well suited for the purpose of the euccesa of the project must lure meeting, was discovered in the im antoniitlied the most sanguine— mediate neighbourhood of London that this Association was formed. — a portion of Wimbledon Com- Tho Association wns constituted mon, where the ground drops under the most favourable sua- down from the village into a deep pice*. Mr Sidney Herbert, the straight hollow, and rises again to Secretary of State fur War, nc- the London and Kingston road— ccptcd the office of President ; the affording en extreme range of 1000 Prince Consort brought it into yards, without any danger of stray immediate connection with the bullets reaching an inhabited coon- Sovereign by becoming the Pa- try. Numerous butts with targets iron; and Her Majesty imtnedi- were erected, affording ran#sa ntely announced her intention of from 'ioo yards to 1U00. The founding a prize of UtVil., to be upper part of the ground was en- an»ti<illy competed for by Volun- closed by a palisading, in which teen ; and ifao Duke of Cam- were ammunition tents, refresh- bridge, the Commander-in-Chief ment booths, Ac. of the regular army, not only be- Her Majesty, besides the hand- rtmc a member, but promised an some prize she had offered, an- annual prize. The direct pur- oounccd her intention of opening pose of the institution was. of the proceedings by firing the first course, purely national, and eepe- shot. The contest had already ciatly directed to the excellence created a considerable degree of of the I title corps. Hut the En- interest; but this intelligence, de- glish people have learned that the spite the badness of the weather, greatest perfection is attained by bronchi thousands to the ground, free competition ; and the National of whom the largest part were on Hull.- Association therefore die- horseback or in carnages, so that carded the narrow view which would the ground appeared a rival to the have confined tlm competition to hill on K psora downs on a Derby on r own countrymen. Therefore. Day. The Queen came upon lbs of Miiy-»evcu prises, while the ground at 4 P.M., accompanied by rhief honour and twenty-six other the Prince Consort, the Prince of matches were appropriated to V-> Wales, and others of the Royal Imitceni only, the m'conJ prise Family. The usual ceremony of and thirty-nine more were open to addresses and gracious answers all corners. This was a bold dial- hating been gone through. Her lingo, and exposed the Volunteer Majesty advanced to the Qriug-
I a
JULY)
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1000 tarda; total points, twenty* four (greatest possible score sixty), while Mr. Sharp made no more than five points, and stood thiriy- lirel on the list. Thus Mr. lioss became tlio champion rifle-shot of England. He is a very young man. the son of a celebrated deer- stalker.
Tho Priiice Consort's prize of llHtf. was won by Lieut. de I.acy, of the Pith Itegimenl, with twenty two points ; a Swiss gentleman, M. I'etcr, was third, with eighteen
The pri/cs were delivered to i ho, winners at the Crystal Palace with ureal applause.
There can be no question that the liillo meeting at Wimbledon was a very great success ; it showed that our 'rifles, both the Enfield and the Whitworth, are indisput- ably superior to any weapon in pos- session »f the continental nations; and it showed also that the Eng- lish have an aptitude for accurate and steady shooting, whii'h will make them at least equal, and pro- huhly, as n general rule, superior to any other race. As to the su- j'criiiniy of our weapons, there nppeared some singular anomalies. The Enfield, with which our troop* are armed, is a most nceurato weapnn at the slioricr range* — up In l<i'i yards; hut at tin- longer ranges (he Whitworth is superior; while i iiher was priced so superior to the celebrated Swiss rifle, that tin- marksmen from that country declared that they had " fired with arms which had astonished them." Hot it is right to add. that credit- able as the tiring at tho Wimbledon Hireling wis to the Volunteers who now tried their skill for the lint time in a national compel it ion. it was not absolutely good: the few montha of the summer (bad as it
was) sufficed to educate a great number of marksmen whose per- formances at the provincial meet- ings greatly surpassed any, and as a matter of goneral comparison, greatly surpassed all that had been douo at Wimbledon. A few words as to the celebrated Swiss marks- men. Aa before said, seventeen of these entered as competitors. In justice to these gentlemen, it should he said, that the Swiss rifle, though a very beautiful weapon, is not adapted for the longer ranges required by tho conditions of this competition. They were willingly supplied with the very best wea- pons the Association or private gentlemen could spare, and they admitted them to have been far superior to their own; but it could not be supposed that they could show their best with strange wea- pons. They were also not a little astonished at tho immense ranges of Wimbledon Common, and de- clared it " a shooting-ground un- equalled in their own country." It seems that they do not practice at a longer range than about 200 yards: and were, therefore, quits new hands at UOOor 1000. Ibeir success was accordingly — of seven prizes at -Jon yards they won five; at .'tor) yards they won two of seven ; at '-iiiO yards they also won two of seven ; at COO yards of aeven they won none ; but the Duke of Cam- bridge's prize for breach- loaders at I'MiO yards was won by M. Kneeht, of Zurich. The best shooting made by a Swiss— or, in- deed,by any competitor — was mad* by M. Tlwret, of Geneva, at 500 yards, for Mr. Fairbaima prise of a Whitworth rifle. M. Tborel made nine points out of ten ; tba competition for this prise was, however, confined exclusively to the Swiss.
JULY] CHRONICLE. 110
Not no terminated an affray at which than ware many broken
llerrymacash, nearLurgan. comity heads and bruises ; the Protestants
Down. The and July bad gone became eiasperated, loaded their
off in noise: bat the Orangemen guns and pistols with bait, and
were not satisfied ; they resolved, tired among their opponents, two
in order to avoid the penalties of of whom were mortally wounded,
the Procession Act, to have a while fifteen or sixteen other per-
*' musical meeting," to consist en- sons on both sides were hart. (ire)y of •Immmtn *nd fifrrt, to The same spirit of religion*
play a selection of tunes, some of party was displayed at Londonderry
which might accidentally bo party — where the judge of assise, the
tunes. On tho 1 9th, the Protestant bishop and clergy, were grievously
community (most of whom hap- insulted by the display of Orange
Cned to be memWa of Orange flags on tho cathedral towers. idgetO poured into Lttrgan, to la. BntouiAX Tuial fob at-
tlie number of Home 50im. After tempted Child-Muboeh.— At the
performing their selection of musio, Oxford Assizes a young woman,
which, to have a better effect, was named Ann Barker, was charged
executed by a perambulating or- with tho attempt to murder hew
chestra, the assembly dispersed, male child by throwing it into a
each body enlivening its march deep well.
homo by lively tunes. It happen- The circumstances of the dis- cd that some of those tunes, and covery of the crime are eitra- tbo general aspect of the meeting, ordinary. In the chalky downs were offensive to the Catholic com- around Nettlebed is a very deep munitr. Perhaps the clinpel'Vard excavation or well, which the at 1 termnacash affords a good po- neighbourhood believe to be of hi I inn, whence the worshippers may llornaii construction. It is situ- I'nik down upon anybody mHrcbing ated in the midat of a wood called along the road— indeed, a stone or Ipsden-wood, is lilt feet in depth, stones dropped from a practised and of a regular diameter of 3 feat hum! might fall with sumo force :t inches : it has never been known on the heads below. By some to contain any water. Thia curious accident, the Iloman Catholic piece of antiquity is naturally a [K-asantry lmppeutd to have as- subject of interest and pride fee scrolled at this spot, who assailed the neighbourhood. On Tban- tho Protestant ranks with jeersand day. the 18th of April, a Mack* abuse. This was returned by the smith's apprentice, a stranger to Protestants, who wcro now proba- the neighbourhood, happened to bly ititlamcd with drink and exul- be at Benin's- wood, and met a tatioii. Some of ihem had pro- man named Grace, who waa go- cured arms, and ahots were tired, ing home from hia work. Borne One bullet was direct" d against the conversation took place, is the cro»* at the gable end of the chapel, course of which Grace said he Whether the shot took effect or waa going homo through the shew not dues not appear; but the insult ami by the old well. The yowwg was the signal lor an atiark by the blacksmith waa curious about lias Calliulice on the Protestant* (thai, old well, and wished to see it, awd at least, seems the probable vor- Grace took him into the wood, aad sionV A skirmish ensued, in showed him ike asccJk of the well,
|
^^^^^Hfl |
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. NNUAL REGISTER. [18C0 ,ii. In order to to her stepfather's, who lived near h, the blacksmith Ipsdcii-n-ood. Here, one day, she stone down the was seen coming out of the wood heard the stone with the child, mid said she had ttom. Grace also heen looking at the well, adding, ather smaller, and " What a dangerous place it is." bottom ill" men On the morning of the 18th of .rdacry. Although April she left her stepfather's !>hi'<l at the uddity cottage with her child, stating that ij knelt down and ^ha was going to return to her on satisfied them- aunt's at Henley ; and about half- ns no mere fancy, an-hour afterwards was seen walk- was « child crying in g along the Henley road "in a if the well. They very orderly manner," but without an tern, which die- any child. Arrived at her aunt's, and then a caudle, she said that she had placed ber ; against the side child out to nurse at a Mre. rent out. They, Wood's. On the providential dis- ercd with their la- eovery of the poor little* victim she many ingenious dc- was taken into custody. in rescuing a living The child was produced in upending fate. A court, and seemed now a fat. |
JULY]
CHRONICLE.
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or gave (ho slightest alarm. The child wan bom rood after, and wrapped by the mother in a flan- nel ; and the prisoner, at the mo- (tier's request, took it up from the ll-or where it was lying and placed it on a bed, while she lay upon the bare bedstead in the same room. The prisoner's subsequent conduct was equally unfeeling, but happily it is not necessary to re- late it. The circumstances be- coming known, a surgeon and the- in-p>'Ctor of police came to the col- lage; the child was then hculthr, and breathed well, but did not take any nourishment from the mother. At their departure, the prisoner again produced a pistol, and threatened to shoot the poor woman if aho said the child was his. From this time till l'J o'clock the folloniug day, the poor crea- ture was left without food or light ; hhe then had sonic gruel brought her by a sun of the prisoner. About :i in the afternoon of the same day, the prisoner came up and asked to sro the child, which I'oulk showed him. He put on*' arm over and the other beneath it. as if fondling it , and handled it very much about the checks and throat. About 4 u'clock lie cume again, and agai
tcted i
the i
tho
baby then lay on I'oulk'* right arm. and the prisoner Cowley lay across her as if he was going t» kiss the child, and put his hands round it* neck. Koulk notieiiig that he had made its cheek red, toll him to desist, and that that una not the way to kiss a new-born Mm*. He was on and off the bed sen ml times, puulk said to him, -Don't; if you do. you II kill the rhilil.' and cried, feeling that she «n- herself hurl about the body. The prisoner answered, " It would ha a good thing if you and the
child would both die ; " but he left her, as she told him that she wanted rest, and ahe fell asleep. On waking, aho saw the prisoner sitting on a box in the room. She stretched out her arm to take tbe child, and observed that its face looked dark, and its finger-nails purple, and aho said to the pri- soner, " Look how dark the child looks in the face," and desired him to let William go and ask the doc- tor to come before bedtime. The prisoner said that it was no use having a doctor to a baby tike that ; hut she again desired' that Mr. Webster might be sent for, adding that ho had told her that if any- thing happened to the child she would be answerable. Tbe pri- soner replied, " You and the child may both die." The doctor did not come. The prisoner and bis son then went to bed. In a quar- ter of an hour the child seemed to grow worse, became dark in the face, and made a noise in the throat. Foulk called out many times, and declared that if the prisoner did not let William go for Mr. Webster site would get up and go for him herself. She heard the door open, and directly after saw the prisoner come up to the child. He handled it while it was in her arms, about the throat and top of the chest, and she noticed two drops of blood in its nose, and a gurgle in its throat. She cried. and said. ■• My child is dead." He said, '■ Head ! not it : it would be a good job." He then went away. This was about 7 I'M. In about an hour after Mr. Webster arrived, and rapped at the door, which tbe prisoner would not open. He therefore forced it and went trp- huurs, and found the child dead. On examination, death was fend to hare resulted from congestion of
ANNUAL REGISTER.
[1800
in, and heart, which nbuted tu compreM- Mat.
'ter some hesitation, oner Quihij of Mur- learned Judge pro- nee of deathin tho 1'he prisoner seemed he result. The eapi- vii5 eventually com- !en years' penal sor-
a at Gospobt. — At ar assizes, Michael dieted for the wilful n Skein, at Gosport, March last. t chiefly reimirkuble
of the defence set iffleulty in inducing to accept it. The
a sergeant in the
tho door. Mrs. Skein and th* pri- soner still being in the home. Mr«. Clarke's daughter, who nu up- stairs, came down, and aa«r ih* prisoner standing near llio de- ceased with his sword sbealtied. She ran upstairs, eallfi ■ and thou jumped out of tho win- dow. Some persons enmo and looked into the mora whore tho prisoner and the deceased wore, end they saw the ]ivi*ooer " bank- ing " with his sword ftl on the floor. They then prowdiw to break open the door, and ill* prisoner rushed out with his •nord reeking with blood. Upon Uhut going into the room, t u the deceased lying on ilia fL-nr with her head moat dreadfully cut. She, however, lingered fer two months, and then died from
p
JULY] CHRONICLE. 128
from the nieoft deadly weapon stated that itwaa as beyond doubt, legal malice, which constitutes the Tbey aaid six weaka was a Ions crime of murder. If you an aa- time. The medical witnesses said tisficd that the death of the de- six month* would not have altered reused was produced by this deadly the oase. A wiae juror: " If aha weagion, and by the infliction of had been a young woman, might the injuries nith it, and that these she not have recovered? " The injuries were intlicted under the judge: " Gentle men, baa a man a circumstances stated, the fact of right to lake away a woman's life the prisoner being in a atate of because abe ia old?" On thai excitement produced by bis own rather strong rebuff, the jury re- art in taking liquor, does not by tired, and remained four hours in the hiw reiliico tin: t-rimo of mur- consultation ; end then returned der below the offence of murder, into court to suggest freah diftl- I um uuablo u[>on this evidence cutties. It appeared that the die- to auggc*t to you anything that sentients had been now reduced would reduce the offence below to one : and thia one — not without that of murder. The learned coun- a strong hint from the Judge— ael has referred to cases where the was finally compelled to coincide intent has been the gist of the with the obstinate eleven, and cane, (hit I am unawaro that find a verdict of Guilty ; but that lies ever been extended to a they recommended the prisoner cose where a deadly weapon had to mercy in strong terms, been used; but I direct you. upon IB. Eclipse or tub Son. — At my responsibility, tlmt if you are recorded in the volume for 1658 aattslied that the evidence shows the Hun greatly disappointed hie the injuries inflicted by tbo pri- admirers, by the invisibility of his souer under the circumstance* total eclipse on the 10th of March to have caused the death of the of that year. On thia 18th of deceased, there ie nothing in the July, an objuration of his dies, cscilenient which has been s|mkeu almost total, was foretold by sa- to on this occasion, produced or tronomers, and there was mnch increased by the act of the pri- eagerness to witness the phono- miner becoming intoxicated, which nienon. Un fortunate! v, the mom- will reduce it below the crime of ing broke with a dense fog, which murder. continued, with more or less opa~
A It hough the learned Judge had city, during the whole period of
thus laid down the law in unmis- the transit of the moon's shadow,
takablo terms, to ibo great aur- from thia unfortunate condition
prise iif his lordxliip. the foreman, of the atmosphere, the moment of
after a long consultation, aaid " My commencement (at 1 h. H8 m. M
txird, there ia no chance of our s. P.m.) was not observable. At
aureeing: some of the jury are tt.'JU there was a perceptible dimi-
in doubt about the malice." notion of eun-lighl, the air became
lit* lordship again, with much cooler, and the distant atmosphere
distinctness, explained tho law. of an indigo blue. After 3 p.m.
The nioo jury then submitted the light rapidly increased, ana
doubis whether death had been the strange colour of use shy <Ua-
occasioned by the wound. Me- appeared. Throughout the whole
dioal witnesses were recalled, and adumbration the mutilated daw of
JULY]
CHRONICLE.
125
briug a man to the ground and stun biro ; but thoy would not neces- sarily prevent hit speaking. The throat of the deceased was cut in two places with wounds sbarply severing the great vessel* of the neck in such a manner aa must have caused a sudden and great effusion of blood, and almost im- mediate death. In the middle of the road, about fifteen feet from the bod; of Spenser, lay his urn- broil* and Mick; his hat was found close to the barn ; about twelve yards from it, Isaac Fen- ton, one of thoso who were first on the spot, found two pistols lying, and on one of them was part of an exploded cap. Patches of blood were on tho side of the bank, and marks of feet appeared beside the body, as of some one having stood there. Two of tho p.'tki-iB of the murdered man were found to have been turned out — one of ilicse was a secret or inner pocket; a third pocket was not turned out, but was marked aa by a dirty hand. The bollets extracted from ilic corpse tilted tho pistols. The prisoner Kenton was known to bo possessed of pistols ; and on Win); taken into custody and searched, there wero found on his person two bullets and fire caps. One of the bullets (the other was imperfect) com-jwuded with those taken from the tody, and fitted tho pistols, as did the caps, Fen ton,
on being required to produce hiH pistols, said lie had had a pair, but Lid parted with them. The pis- tols themselves were identified as a pair which bail ln-longed to the prisoner's father, on whose d.ath the prisoner had taken no*. ,.,.,.„, nf hi, collage and all his furniture. To brinjj the crime directly home to the accused, foot' marks corresponding in length and
width to the prisoner's shoes were traced from the bant across the field to tho road on which was toe prisoner's house. One of these footprints was stained with the black mud of the ditch where the corpse was found. The prisoners boots were found to hare been can- fully washed, and in his house were found a pair of overalls lying soak- ing in water, which, on examina- tion, showed clearly red marks of blood ; the water also was tinted with blood. On a hat and baud were found three marks of blood. A scarf, the same as that worn by tho prisoner on the day of the murder, was found, the tower ends of which wero wet to the extent of ten inches, and on being examined also showed blood. Blood was also on the wristband of his shirt.
The counsel for the prisoner at- tempted to show that all these cir- cu instances (and others more m inn to not hero narrated) wore inconclu- sive to prove that tho prisoner was ike murderer.
The jury found the prisoner Guilty. He waa executed on the 1st August. While in gaol, he made a statement, clearly false, in which he admitted that lie waa an accessory to the murder, but de- nied that ho had had a share in the deed, or that he was actually pre- sent at it. He said he had lent his pistols to " the man who com- mitted the murder;" but though bis statement necessarily pointed to James Fen ton, he afterwards said, " It was not .lames Fen ton— I had rather not say who it was."
'41. Goodwood Races. — This favourite and pleasing meeting, popular among professional turfites and now ihc lot attended by aria- toi-ratic admirers of racing, it usually held among scenes of ripening corn, or perhaps amid Iks)
|
ANNUAL REGISTER. i of the husband- which occupied the Coi 'emit. The. iielda and documents were k green eoni, and very instructive, hut by ark and meadows edifying. It is impossib y the swathe of in detail, the strange pol 9, or animated by theocratic government j i hir sweep of the be attempted to give sti eutlier also was as rincl account as will rt as at any other much blasphemy, credi ncomfortnl.de year, immorality, is possible in , nevertheless, was England in the nineteentl ■aven Slakes were It is now some twelvi gcut's Crater; the teen years ago that a qu ',:> -uWnbcrs, :l T in Somersetshire was a A iinc-^l pys Sweet- by the arrival of a clergy ncM were reckorrad professed strange doctr 10; the Goodwood was accompanied by atr iriheta, 17 started) ciples. According to th Vallace; the profit this new sect, a freah wood Cup. by Lord epoch had opened on tl jtsimce^b^styiei^JVeiverM^iveundera |
■
JOLT]
CHRONICLE.
ro
for ha waa successively deprived of bit licence, first in Somersetshire by the bishop of the diocese, and subsequently by the Bishop of Ely. It was while curate of the parish of Stoke, in the latter dio- cese, that he became acquainted with the family of Mr. Josias Not- tidge, consisting apparently of his wife and four daughters, residing at homo, and of a son or sons out in tho world, living thua an out- cast from the regular ministry, in tho year 1H*:1 he repaired to Brighton, and there opened a chapel of his own, which he called the Cave of Adullatu, and pro- bably the name was well chosen. Thither he was followed by the four young ladies' — though their mother was atill tiring — with whom he kept up a clandestine correspondence. In the four fol- lowing years tho ruin of his wits— crediting him with an original en- thiiMasm — wns complete, or hia scheme* fur securing to himself a liiiurimis and idle existence at the ctpenso of his dupes were suf- iii-ienilv matured. Tin- scene of bii earliest pastoral laboura was chuti-ii ui the apt spot for the development of his more splendid fortunes; so to Somersetshire he repaired once more with his fol- lowers, among whom tho four half- witted ai»tt'M occupied a coiispi- ciiuus place. Their father had died in the inlcrvul. leaving a for lune of U-twcen intuit, ami ttiilHM. to t-j. h. With the money ha pro- rum] from them and others, or, a* hi' would say, wiili their free- will offerings, he purchased a little jiri.jnTiy of about two hundred nrres. > in thin ground he reenn- stnuieJ the man stun -house, which has since obtaineil sutticicnt noto- riety under the name of the Aga- peuione. It wu calculated te no-
commodate soma fifty or sixty in- mates. There were around it exten- sive pleasure-grounds, and gardens, and con sen at ones, and hothouses, and all the appliances of acomfort- able country-house; but the grounds were surrounded with lefty walls, bloodhounds ranged the walks at freedom, and the strictest precauv lions wen adopted to shield thai inmates from the prurient curiosity of the profane. The fee-simp!* wss in Brother Prines— he was not so absorbed in spiritual con- siderations but that he guarded his private interests earefully upon so capital a point. There was, however, more than this. By soma strange mental twist tho Prophet had a great fane* for horses and fine equipages. In the AgapemoM were to be found horses of great value, both for riding and driving. Brother Prince himself seems to have taken huge delight in driving about the country in a carriage drawn by four horses, and attended by lacqueys of imposing appear- ance, who treated their employer with a deference suitable to a spiritual; essence incarnate, The privilege of using this vehicle was occasionally conceded to the disci- ples, and seems to have been held forth conspicuously as one of tho great temporal advantages to be enjoyed by the faithful who had cast in their lot with the High Priest of lha New Dispensation.
Meanwhile, strange stories got abroad. Many ladies were received into the Agapemone, and the neigh- bours believed that the practiess of Mormonism might in many parti- cular* lie advantageously compared with those of the AgnpemouiUu. There was a public trial some years ago. in which it Appeared in evi- dence, rightly or wrongly, that the
ANNUAL REGISTER.
i which it would be f whether the ludi- horriblo more pre- iiard, indeed, to be- rother Prince was gious fauatic. He wretched dopes that . bad arrived, and f prayer and suppli- sr ; self-humiliation al bud lost tbeir tiling reniuiued but for pure onjimiifnt.
enjoyments of the ere matters of sus- r not the royal inha-
Uappy Valley were . secluded from tlie lan the iudivollers of wide. The only litilo ■wu was, that tbeir ises were not of the .oacrintion: for some
defraying all the expei journey. At Taunton, Mrs. Prince (for lie was mfluj and a female dUci lit one inn, the Misses ' another. Here. one. uanrr sent for Misa Harriet N< informed her that ahe "giving great glory lo marrying bis friend, Price. Her consent «a Misa Agues Nottidgo summoned, and inform* Spirit lind in store for I blessing — she was to I in a few days to Broth* The wretched lady talk settlement in favour ol dreu she might have bj riage. She was told, '■ be no occasion for anjti sort. You will hare ; Your marriaL'O will
JULY]
CHRONICLE.
129
July, 1846, 'ho marriages wen •oleum i zed at Swansea. Poor Mm, Thomas seems to have had even at lliat period some suspicion of the Prophet's true character. She endeavoured to dissuade her husband from obeying a summons which he received from him at Ilfreeombe, and which ran thus: — " Brother Thomas. 1 command you to arise and come to Weymouth. Amen ! " Thomas, at the insti- gation of bis wife, delayed to obey this mandate ; lui Prince sentotio of his emissaries to bring I he huibaud and wife before bim ; and they having obeyed, Prince as- sailed the wife with priestly objur- gation, saying she had "sinned against Mud's holy spirit;*' and for some time prevented cohabitation. In February, 1440, Prince became aware ihnt Mrs. Thomas was preg- nant, lie expressed greet indig- nation ; and Thomas, who was then with Prince, at Weymouth, wrote a letter to her. in which he said "The Servant of the Lord' t<>ld nie that you would not be in your present stste unless you had rebel 1 iil months ago.' " Mrs. Tho- mas was then directed tu leave Wcvmoutli, and being forbidden to join her husband at Weymouth, went to reside with her relatives. A child was born to her in June, Intii; in I MO. an attempt was made by Thomas to take the child from tier ; but tins was resisted by the lady and her friend*, who tuude an application 10 Vicc-Chaii- rellor Kniglit Bruce, who appointed Jh v Thomas and her mother guardians of the child. [Sec the volume of the Akxisl IUoibtkh. 1 Kill/
In tli'' meanwhile. Prince had got the eldest! sister also, I/>nisa Jane, into hit toils. In December. JB41, this lady, who was then 41
Via. CIL
yean of age, went to reside at Weymouth, in order to be near Prince, under wboae influence she placed herself. With some diffi- culty, her brother and brother-in- law succeeded in withdrawing her from this fearful position, and removed her to her mother's house. Sbe appeared to her friends to betray symptoms of in- sanity: and in November, 1840, she was, upon the usual medical certificates, placed in confinement. She remained in confinement until tho 15th of May, IMS. when she was released by order of the Lu- nacy Commissioners, those gentle- men being of opinion that, although she laboured under extraordinary aud irrational notions on the sub- ject of religion, she had exhibited no other indications of insanity, aud that her bodily health would suffer by her confinement being prolonged. In tbe mean time — viz., in 1*47, Prim* and his fol- lowers had taken up their abode at the Agapetnone, at S pax ton. near Bridgewater. The impostor and bis agents were lying in wait, aud on the very day of her release she wss met by Brother Thomas, who took tier on the same or the fol- lowing day to Prince's broker, with a view of making a transfer to Prince of the stock then standing in her name, about 5,72of. Three per Cent. Annuities. Mot know- ing the amount of stock standing iu her name, ahe waa then unable to make the prc|<osed transfer, and went with Thomas to the Agape- mouo on the Itlih or 17th of May, 1*4*. About a fortnight later she made the transfer of the above amount to Prince, having in the mean time ascertained the amount of stock to which she was entitled. Afterwards she brought an action against her relatives for false in-
TOM] CHRONICLE. 181
couraged by the defendant for bis gine was brought up from Rother- own purposes. A gift mule under nithe, the flame* ipreul from the the influence of delusion or decep- rope factory to the epinning factory, tion, whether relating to matters and thence to the engine-house spiritual or matters temporal, can- and rigging lofts ; all of which not be valid. Of the undue were destroyed. Some small dominion of the defendant over houses on the opposite side of the the mind of Mid* Nottidgo there street caught fire and were much was ample eTidence — instancing burnt, and the furniture of the in- that this man, by falsely and dwellers greatly damaged, blasphemously protending that be On the 7th September a much had a direct Divine mission, had more destructive conflagration de- imposed on these weak women, stroyed the immense rope, line, and obtained a gift of the whole and twine factory of Messrs. Frost of their fortune*. As to Miss Brothers. The premises, which Louisa .Isuo Nottidge. the case covered nearly a quarter of a mil* was very clear : she had form- of ground, consisted principally of natcly escaped the degradation of a rope-walk, built of wood, having such a marriage as had been made throe floors, with contiguous ot tho means of conveying all the fices, passing through one of the money of her sisters into the arches of the Black wall Railway, pocket of the defendant ; but the and extending in a continuous line defendant's own statements showed a quarter of a mile in length from that he lud obtained this gift of King David-lano, in Shad well, to all her property by imposing a the Commercial- road. In a depot belief upon her weak mind that at the Shadwell end there were he sustained a supernatural charac- upwards of :ii)0 tons of St. Pete ra- ter. This successful imposture burg snd Kiga hemp, more than was tho influencing motive for the 100 tons of manufactured ropes, gift, and therefore vitiated it en- some 30 tons of the most costly lirely. The Vice-Chancellor con- shipping and fishing twines, ana eluded by decreeing that tho large quantities of white yam to transfer had been improperly ob- be twisted into rope ; while at the uinud. and must be set aside, and opposite extremity of the premises the money restored to the plaintiff ;MW bales of Manilla hemp wen as tho legal personal represents- boused. The aggregate value of tivo »f the deceased ; ana that the those materials would be about defendant should pay all costs of 15,000/. The whole of this valn- thc suit. able stock in trade was burnt, to-
:i0. Dkstrittivf Fires at gether with the buildings in which SiiADwru.. — Two fires, by which it was stored. Tho spinning ma- il lari>e amount of property was chineir, which wan of great value, dc-tr-ijed, have occurred at Shad- was housed at tho Commercial- well road end of the premises, aa wen
On fliith July sn extensive fire also two steam-engines— one of
br»ke nut in the rope- manufactory greet power — by which it was all
of Messrs. Iteedaud Co., Govern- set in motion. The whole of thai
ment contractors. Although nu- costly machinery, except the cat*
meruus engines quickly arrived, gines which propelled it, was eon-
and tho great steam-floating en- sumed ; and the various edifices K9
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NNUAL REGISTER. [1860 tyed shared the great damage (o the corn over an so me Hi iu<* little extensive area. About 2 p.m. a icle 8(10 barrels labourer anil his team of tbre« beneath an arch horses, at work on Bay] is' farm. Railway, escaped were struck by lightning, and all , which Esged fur killed instantaneously. The roof of nfiil presimily to the infantry barracks in Sheet-street i^ht lirr, the rail- was injured ; and the wires of the ;iun would have electric telegraph of the railway, . The Cre broke near Slough, were bent and twist- walk, and being ed in au extraordinary manner. ng wind sweeping and all co ra in u mention ititer- i.g narrow build- ruptcd. |
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peeling that this AUGUST. VflS caused by an 2. The Esiiiletos Mdhdkb. — ^ightnino.— Not- At the Carlisle assizes George |
AUG.]
CHRONICLE.
133
circumstance suggested suicide, however improbable. When, how- ever, ilio surgeon examined the body, he at once pronounced that deceased could Dot have died by Iter own hand. The gash in the throat had been effected by three efforts, one of which had severed the carotid artery and the jugular vein, and another had severed the spinal chord — either gash would have effectually prevented the Name hand from inflicting the other. There wad also a small wound in the neck, ouch as might have been made by a knife thrown with force. It wus clear therefore, that the jioor girl had been murdered, and suspicion immediately pointed to Iit fellow-servant as the murderer. He was therefore taken into cus- tody. Many strange expressions indicative of an attempt to do in- jury to the deceased woman were proved against liim ; but from what cause they originated did not appear : — lliough lie perpetually nuarrelleM with the deceased, bo seems in truth in have had a con- cental admiration fur her. Indeed, when the circumstances are taken into con si deration with the strange statement or confession which be subsequently made, it would ap- pear that he must have lieen weak- minded. The necessity for prov- ing the case against him was re- moved by a statement he made to the police on bis apprehension. He said that, the deceased asked him to inenj her clog; that on hi* n-fusnl she threw a knife at him ; that he threw it back to her, and that it Muck in her throat: that iho then requested him " In put her away altogether." and that he hud thereon intlicU-d a second wound : whereou. she said, it did not seem to go far enough, and said " Give us another ; " he gave
her a third gash, and than aba stood a little bit, and then dropped. The jury, of course, found him Guilty of wilful murder, and ho was executed. Before his death ho retracted his former statement, and said that a quarrel had arisen
Dial he bad rushed upon her in a passion, and after a long straggle, during which ahe had dragged him from the kitchen and down a pas- sage, he overpowered and murdered
4. Murder throuuh Jfaloust. — At the Birmingham Aasixes, Francis Price was charged with the murder of Sarah Plait on the 18th April. The prisoner was a shoemaker, and bad been working at his trade in Birmingham some four or five months. He had very soon after his arrival becoma ac- quainted with the deceased at an harmonic meeting ; ho courted her, and, until within a short period be- fore her death, she bad been at- tached to bim. Some difference* arose lielween them previously to the 1 Oth of April, partly from there hating been report* respect- ing a woman whoso acquaintance the prisoner was anxious she should discontinue. At 7 in the morning of (he 16th he went to the Swan- wit h> two-Necks, in Birmingham, where the deceased had been living as servant some months, and in the presence of ber fellow- servant, Ellen Cain, endeavoured to per- suade her to make up her difference with him. This for some time aba refused to do ; but ultimately the quarrel was partly made up. On the Ixth of April' Henry Lvana, a I kiI ice-constable of Birmingham, who had known the prisoner three or four months, mat him, and while walking with him the prisoner eaid
NNUAL REGISTER
could see Sarah, and half severing the o
»ased, and that he tery ; it was a wound whi
■ody 5s. who would cause immediate death ; ai
advice of Evans, neck lay a shoemaker
Agues Hone, was which, encrusted with ruat
i prisoner, and con- duced in court, and had
o to the deceased to the prisoner. At the
rtRuted Ui see her. the prisoner was examine
aited her at Hone's own solicitation, and hav
in by Hone's per- solemnly warned, proce
ito her house. She admit his guilt, and to
lessnge to the do- motives of his crime, i
owed her hack to ascribed to his desire to
oner was. Upon an acquaintance of the
r and seeing him, with a woman to whose .
"Ob, it's you, is he objected, and to the tal
in. The woman, had been told to induce U
i the yard, but was break otf her acquaints
by poculiar hark- him. The jury, of coura
Dg as if in pain or diately returned a verdict (
ii and opened the and sentence of death w*
e saw the young which was carried into
AOO.J
CHRONICLE.
186
commercial occupations, if an he- reditary feeling in Scotland; and hence the number and excellence of the officers and men whom Scotland, and especially the High- liui.li, contribute to the llnyal armies ; and although the Saxon descent of the Lowlandera has in- clined them to the adoption of the more gainful occupations of com* merce, the small and the great, their early history and natiouat traditions stilt leaven the spirit and animate the feeling* of the townsmen. The Kitle Volun- teer movement, therefore, took early and deep root in all the races north of the Tweed ; and before ihe middle of the year some 30,000 men were enrolled and had acquired a considerable -some- corps a very considerable— degree of military discipline. The fame of the KiiglMi Riflemen in li\do Park ruin'. I a strong desire in the breasts of their Scottish brethren- iii-anus to be permitted to show their Sovereign what they also rould d»; and Her Majesty gra- ciously intimated her desire to review the Scottish Itiflemen when (•lie should next journey northward to Hal moral. The effect of the intelligence was electrical. The remotest ami most sparsely inlia. bited districts prejiared to send their musters, and it is not a little creditable to the zeal which ani- mated all, that of flO/HMi men, many dwelling in lands beyond railways, at least IR.miu appeared in battle array before the Queen at Kd in burgh.
The ground chosen for the re- view was singularly adapted for a military display. The line taken up by the corps extended from the wall of HoKrood Palace to the rising ground at the eastern ex- tremity of tbe park. On the
northern side, directly facing Ar- thur's Seat, was a spacious gallery, which was filled by the most dis- tinguished personages, including of course, the highest of the Scottish nobility. The great masa of spectators, reckoned at hun- dreds of thousands, occupied the vast natural slopes of tbe moun- tain, rising slope above slope to the peaked summit, and broken by the picturesque cliffs and crags of that most picturesque of hills ; while tower down an immense multitude were ranged on the vast expanse of bill- ground sloping down in front of Salisbury Crag. The view presented lo all these spectators was in the highest de^ gree romantic. In the grassy hollow below was the long Una of the Volunteers, massed in bat- talions, their ranks flanked by lbs quaint towers of Holy rood ; while still further to tbe west rose, pile above pile, the antique buildings of the ancient capital, terminated by the fortress- rock. Behind rose the Caltnu-hill. and far beyond that the blue Frith, and the distant bills. The force assembled waa ranged in two divisions; the first of which consisted of Mounted Rifles 84, Artillery (two brigades) 3431, En- gineers 311. Rifles (three brigades} £3(1] ; total 19.447. The second division, Hides (four brigades) P357 ; total on the ground 90,333. Of these, about Ifi.iKK) were Scot- tish corps, the number being made upof corps from the southern aid* of the border. The uniforms of the several corps were very similar, in colour and design, lo those of the English Riflemen ; and it was especially remarked tbst the High- land costume, which affords such opportunity for gorgeous display, was not generally adopted eteo by the Highland companies.
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ANNUAL REGISTER. [1860 r eamo upon the leer corps of arlillery baa lieen ariad by the venet- specially recommended to ita in- Kent. thi* Princes habitants; and, therefore, besides Ipold, and the Prin- sending n Urge quota to the county L-h.'iin. and Louisa, ritle corps, each of the cinque naort "us on horse- porta, and large places aloug the :d by a nolde group const, have raised a company of suite and aides-de- artillery. The men of these corps, ■utiish nobility, and like the members of every other iaiit. The Royal body in the kingdom, have worked guarded by the an- at "their drill with indefatigable d of the sovereigns industry and intelligence, and havo kingdom, the Scot- attained a high degree of expert- tb'.ir quaint cos- ness in their science. Dover, rl entirely of Scot- having a vast extent of fortinca- i. and commanded lions, to man which would aerioualv Piucclcngh. The weaken the regular army in case ilar in programs* of invasion, has been very diligent 0 Park. Her Ma- in providing Volunteers capable of cr suite first rode working the numerous guns of the 1 to end of the line ; fortresses above them ; and as .unci to her poai- Dover is a large place, the artillery |
AUG.] CHRONICLE. 137
instructor of the corpa. The corpa tbo beck, and who died in half an
were engaged in target-practice, hour ; Serjeant Monger, who re-
anil had made some excellent ahota ceived mortal injury bj the eon-
fmm each gun. Ten rounds had cuaaion ; Mr. Harris, a young gen-
bccn tired, when simultaneously tleman, nephew of Captain Wol-
with the explosion of the eleventh laston, tbe captain of the company,
round, a cry waa heard, the men who was present as a spectator,
in the battery were covered with and wbo received so severe a oon-
dirt and atones ; and then it waa cussion of the brain that he was
said that some men had been in- taken to the hospital in a dan-
jurcd. On looking round the offi- gerous condition ; gunner Bould-
ccrs found that the middle gun ing, who was hurt, but not very
(No. 3) had burst into fragments, seriously; and two others, who re-
thnl tho gunner wlio fired the ceived no injury.
Iiir-co had been wounded in the On examining tbe gun, it was icad. aud that another had his found to have burst near the trun- arm broken and was otherwise iu- nions, the muzzle dropping to the jured. Serjeant Matthews, who ground, and the breach being had got upon the parapet and waa blown thirty yards to the rear. looking down into tbe ditch, ex- Tbo middle portion was blown into claimed, "■ There are some people fragments, the largest of which, hurt in the ditch, sir ! " And it a piece three feet long, fell into was then discovered that six per* the trench beside the injured per- sons were lying moaning at tho sons, but apparently without strik- bottoui. It sppears that when ing them; two other fragments the guns have been loaded and are were blown into the goods station laid at (be target, all the gunners of the South Eastern Railway, except those who arc to fire thera An inquiry into the history of draw aside, ami that on this occa- the gun brought out some curious sion a part of tho men preseut details. It was no less than 5a ha.l withdrawn to the parapet, years old, having been cast in What occurred is forcibly described 1*110. It was immediately put on by a witness, " On No. '2 gun service in the Edgar, and after- being tired for the fourth time, I wards in tbe Unrhum and the saw from fifty to sixty pieces blown Aiia. It was returned to Wool- upwards from the gun. and in the wich in 1845, and waa then midst of them a huge fragment, searched (examined) for tbe last which ascended higher than all time. It was sentenced to be re- t he rest It rose at least fifty feet vented; and having been thus into the air. At the same instant repaired, waa issued to tbe works I saw four persons swept off the at Dover, in IK,V), where it was
rrnpet, the nearest to me. whom placed in A re he) iff fort, apparently
have since ascertained to be Mr. without being tested. Since that
Thompson, turning several sum- time tbe gun had been fired about
tiierNftuhs iu the air before falling. 1KU times. The artillery officers
1 haw, also, two falling together, staled that IUOO rounds may be
aud a fourth descending singly." taken as tbe "life" of a gun-— the
Six person* had, in fact, been bursting of all cast-iron gam is
blown over — Lieutenant Thomp- only a matter of tine, and opoo
son, who appeared to he injured in examination they can, within a
S.NNUAL REGISTER.
f what a gun con n appeared to ho not very suitable mi probably been (10 aad 800 times, le fragments, there ■lida of unsound- id the gun been imincil, would Imvo iute condemnation;
eeasioned the pre-
ular request of the Thompson, his icily private; but t Slonger was at- munidpal aulbori- 3 Vulmiieor Artil- orps of ihe county I by a firing party
the building and ibo stables run a very narrow dttob, end it was suggested that tho Witof ion- etontly running down had under- miued the foundations, It js averred that the west wnll bad been out of tho perpeodloOto fur several days, and thai many por- 8003 had stated il would soon foil. In tho building there Wef* obiitit twenty men, women, and children, at the time of tho full. At a quarter past 2 o'clock, NWQtTtlM engaged in the second storey heard cries of, '• It'a coming, it's com- ing." Several shrieks followed, and she whs jm mediately buried amongst the tUhris of the building. The noise of the falUti; nttention of the neighbourhood J and the most active efforW «cre made to rescue those who h%y
AUG.] CHRONICLE. 189
drink. Liter in the day, he by classes an agreed not to inquire accident met his wife, and the? into too closely. The office of High weru seen walking together towards Sheriff is also one of our time-bo- the girl's house, and when at the noured institutions, which, though door, the prisoner was heard by a shorn of much of its actual import- witiinM (Miss Deitrichon) to irtrile ance, is still an object of honour- ing in, but she repeatedly refused, able and honoured ambition to our bnt at last he caught hold of her gentry. Yet at the Guildford As- sbawl and pulled her up the steps sizes a high sheriff rudely rent the into the lobby, and they then went Tetl of majesty that shrowded Sir into the parlour, where his daugh- Colin Blackburn, one of Her Ma- ter, who was in bad health, was jesty's Justices of the Queen's lying in bed. Soon after, some Bench ; and Sir Colin, with much noise was hoard in the parlour, indignation, fined the high sheriff the prisoner Icing Tery excited, 300/. for the sacrilege, and the daughter (who has since Mr. Evelyn, of The Rookery, died from (he effects of the fright near Guildford, the offender, is a ntid previous ill-health) esclaimed, gentleman of an historical county, " Ite quiet ; don't make such a family, long seated at Wootton in noise here i" when he said to the Surrey, and personally is one of deceased. " You will see what I the most popular of country gen- will do for yon." Soon after, the tlemen. Being such, bis nomina- daughter called out," Oh. murder! tton to (he office of high sheriff of murder! he has etabbed her;" bis county wss bailed with great and upon the witness going into satisfaction by his neighbours, and the room, the prisoner was found aa the county assize is the great Htamling over the deceased with a occasion on which this ancient large knifo in bin hand, stabbing officer personally executes his the deceased in (ho breast and office, hia friends delighted to Hlmulders. The prisoner was so- assemble, round him in more than cured; and the deceased was con- usual numbers, horse and foot; veyed to the I loyal Infirmary, and therefore magistrates and where she lingered until the Oth grand jurymen came in from all instant, when she expired. quarters in numbers far greater
The evidence being conclusive, than were required fur (be duties.
the jury speedily returned a ver- The high sheriff, consequently, with
diet of' (luilnj of wilful murder, hia usual kindliness, suggested to
mid he wss sentenced to death, the judge sitting In the Crown
This sentence was carried out on Court that when the grand jury
the Ktli September. should bring in their last present-
A IIioh Sheriff Fimbii d<HM. mem, and his lordship should
— A veryeitraordinary and painful thank them, as is the custom, for
scene was witnessed at the Assise their attendance, he should add a
('■■art of Guildford. The -Judges word of thanks for those whu had
of the laud " are among the few come, though they had not been
institutions which havo preserved, called. This suggestion was per-
amid thediaenchantingintiovations haps ill taken by the judge — per-
ofiime, iheHuperst it ioui reference haps he looked Upon the proceed-
of the people. " There is a divinity ing aa an ill-judged innovation, or
doth edge a judge " which ail possibly be looked upon the grand
us obsolete and ilia mi sail ces. At any ed the gram) jury iu . formula, and added
o, my lord and gen-
enly interposed the when bis lordship's without uttering the rtesy; and to the as-
the tipstaffs and the igli sheriff actually lytheomissioinYliic.il i have been made by 'he judge loudly or- sit down, and not to
proceedings of the
lehigh sheriff would
Again and again
went forth, but the fill lo liis country till endeavoured io
iIir. Then did lbH
duty of the judge. The iotcrpo- Bttion of friends brought about a rapproehemeut between two esti- mable men, the sheriff nude the amende, aud the judge remittal the fine.
Unfortunately the high sheriff, who. in this disputo hud the aym-
Saihy of his friends, was ho iiya- icious as to commit himself u> another controversy with the umo judge. The assize court* at Guild- lord arc discreditable to the county. They -are little hotter than shed* with o[>en gratings at the ends, w that thejudges of assise arc open to public inspection like wild beast* , and iu return huve the privilege of gazing from the bench on the traffic passing through • bu*y market-place : — the courts arc far- ther open to tho objection that the
n»iw> of t.h» Imv rrriw.1. .k-t -.
AUG.] CHRONICLE. HI
Chancellor and other judges, sum- corapanied by a storm or bail and
numed the high sheriff to appear rein.
before him. Mr. Kvelyn was otiH "The travellers were extremely
so ill-advised as to defend the pro- fatigued by the lung ascent, ren-
priety of bis proceeding*. The dered more difficult by a recent
Lord Chief Justice, with groat fall of snow, into which the; sank
temper and good feeling, eudea- up to their knees. This, and the
voured to recall him to a true sense state of the weather, caused the
of bis position and the sober eer- guides to urge them to taru back,
laiuly of fuel*, but with the in- They, however, refused to comply
evitablu conclusion of inflicting a with this advice, alleging that they
line of Sdli/. were too tired to return, and jire-
"". Fatal Accidents to Eko- ferred proceeding. At about A
i.i nil Tourists in tiik. AiJa,— The o'clock in the afternoon the) spirit of enterprise which compels reached the summit. The travel Englishmen to settle every moun- lera had been tied together by a
3!
... a
tain, trace every river to ita source, new rope, of sufficient strength,
cross every desert, and traverse at intervals of ten feet ; two guides
every sea — to drink tea in China, held the ends of the rope twisted
eat it in Tartary, to dine off round their hands, one preceding
buffalo humps in the prairies, or the party, the other following,
snakes in Australia— and all for while Tiirraz walked with the
the fun of the thing— however travellers, grasping the rope from
much it may tend to maintain the time to time. In this manner
national energy, nevertheless must they descended for a considerable
submit to reverses. Fortune must distance without any accident, the
be propitiated by victims. Such a guides continually urging the tra-
Micrifioe has l>een needlessly of- Tellers to plant their heels firmly
fc red in the persons of three Hug- in the snow, and to walk as steadily
1 Mi tourists, among the well-known as they were able. About 0 o'clock
and oft-traversed pauses of Mont they reached a place where it is
Diane. necessary to traverse a steep pro-
••On Wednesday, the 15ih of jeering ridge by a muddy and slip-
August, three Knglioh travellers-- pery path, the descent of which
via.. Mr. J. M. I inchest cr and Mr. was, however, gradual. This path
V. Vavasour, both of Cardiff, and was then covered by fresh and
Mr. II. Fuller, of London, left the sloppy snow to the depth of about
Montsnverl. near Chamouuy, at 5 a foot. The tired travellers were
oVWk in the morning, with the advancing on this path with un-
iiiienuun of crossing tho Col du steady steps, when all at once,
(leant fur Cormaycur, attended by at the very angle of the ridge, one
three guides, of whom Frederic of them slipped, fell, and dragged
Tairras, the brother of the well- with him his two companions, with
known dean Tuirraz, who keeps the three guides, over a sleep and
the Hotel de Mont Wane at Austa, long sh>pe of snow. The two
was the chief; a porter carrying guides at the ends of the rope
their knap-neks. Tho weather made every effort in their power
seemed favourable. Some lime, to arrest their progress, but in
however, before they reached the vain ; and seeing that they were
summit, a thick fog came on, ac- all upon Uiepointofbeingbuuxhed
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•iNUAL REGISTER. [1800 , groat deal of by no other term than " devilish." lie minds of the On this occasion 3000 persons jo believed that were in the church, of whom it sp to the earth- third were boys and girls— always hero have ouly the foremost in mischief. The hocks siuee. It procession of priests and choristers sight to see a. was iho signal for the coniraeuce- jr 111,000 people went of every description of noise, .reels by torch- and the most horrid execrations in a loud voice, were hurled at the procession. One i and probably favourite mode of annoyance had net than they been to "say" the responses in the. ives before. A loudest possible voice, in order to mile long, and drown the "chant" of the choir. ihs been opened This irreverent proceeding was Bomo distance now extended into blasphemy, for d all the farms the miscreants substituted imila- jured by the un- tive responses tonally indecent and surface of the wicked. The preacher delivered . likely we shall an excellent and moderate dia- for a long time, course, which was for the most part vy shocks ouly inaudible; but having delivered |
JULY]
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building presented a scene resem- bling the orgies of a lunatic as- Hvhiro broke loose. Much mischief might have been done to the build- ing, had uot a strong body of police entered, awl by a sudden exertion nf vigour oxpellcd the ruffians. ( mirages of as determined a ■la- tum were recommenced at the evening service of the following Sunday. The morning sen-ice hud been performed in comparative uuiet, although the sermon was preached by Ulu Iter. K (i. Lee, 11 gcutlemuu who had been pro- hibited by the Bishop of Loudon some time before, on account of the extraordinary vestmeuta be wore, and other peculiar conduct. Probably the reverend gentleman had somewhat toned down his pre- tensions, for on this occasion he wore a plain white turjJUe, which, though objected to by tho parish- ioners, did not give such glaring offence. The great cross over the altar had been removed, and Borno of tli.i smaller altar decorations hud been taken away. These con- cessions appeared to have produced a ^dative effect.
Perhaps Mr. Leo was not im- mediately recognised: but it got ■ibroad that he was to pre.ich in the evening, and long btfurc the church doora wcro opened a riotous uiub of near limn persons hud as- sembled. No* amir was the build- ing filled than this " congregation " commenced howling and yelling fearfully. When the choristers entered in procession, the storm burst fun I. m fury : yells and c«- ■ lutions wf-ie shouted forth; and .nes of -tire:" rendered more terrifying by the turning oil' several i.f the gas-lights. When the reader commenced the I^-ssuna, there were \m iferoua cries of " (111! uil ' " " No l\.perv " " and a body
of men and boys in the gallery began to sing, " Hule Britannia," the famous chorus being taken up with tremendous energy by tho mob in all parts of the church. When Mr. Lee ascended tho pulpit, tho same yells and hootinga were shouted, and the rev. gentleman was assailed with the filthiest epi- thets the language can produce. Aa ho preached, tho mob again sang, " Hule Britannia ! " and then commenced, " We won't go home til) morning," which proved ao popular, that it wae kept up to the close of the address. The rector and churchwardens had removed all prayer-books, cushions, has- socks, and everything which could be used as a missile ; this form of outrage was therefore pretermitted, but the inub did all the miscliief they could contrive. The interior of the church was now a ruin, and filthily dirty. The mob seemed disposed to remain and continue their orgies through the night; but the sudden entry of a party of pulice put them to flight. Three Imivs and a woman were brought btfure the magistrate for their misconduct on this occasion, but no act could be distinctly proved against them, and they were dis- charged— tho magistrates taking tho opportunity of declaring their intention of punishing with tho utmost rigour of tho law any proved offender.
Proceedings of a similar dis- graceful character continued for some weeks. The Bishop of London, exercising an authority whii.li the rector protested against, caused the enntses aud inscriptions to be removed from the altar, and divine service was performed under the inspection - perhaps not to tho great edification — of 300 police- men. This strong guard presented
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ANNUAL REGISTER. [I860 is friend, " That was hands. Mr. Cook and the guide ' when, on looking accordingly descended to Siildeu 'atson, he heard the where, with the aid of the kind- i exclaim, "Hallo!" hearted cure, ropes and men were i9ii|i[n-ar iliivmvaiils procured, with whom Mr. Cook re- f as if through a turned at once. It was past 2 loud rumbling noise o'clock when they left Solden, and his full succeeded, it wils not till about half-past 5 which there was a o'clock in the afternoon that they ence. broken by a reached the scene of the disaster. ioh lasted for a few Here a young man named Joseph all was still. It Carlinger. of Kayser, near Solden, y-iivo miuuies past whose heroism ramiot be loo highly ook and the guide commended, was lowered into the the snow, ami look- abyss, and after he had descended, cavity which Mr. at the imminent danger of his ade, but they could life, to a depth of about ninety ; but an apparently feet English, ho discovered the ■ss of ice. After body of the unfortunate gentleman iimteg in vain for a in a recumbent pcisitiou. so fares ir urgent entreaties he could judge hy touching it with ^^junn^^^^^^h^^oi(b^\iMhi^birkiife3^wasSQ^_ |
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with the men from the chalets, he ■.Detained from recrossing the •now to join Mr. Cook, bat re- miineJ in safety upon the rocks at home distance. He is to be put upon hia trial for hie conduct.
17. Destroctiok ok the West Kest Whabf. — Within the latt two years enormous warehouses have been erected on the South* nark aide of Iiondou Bridge, at one angle of a creek that runs in the direction of St. Saviour's Church. These buildings were of great extent ; one block seven stories high, another nine, exclu- sive of very extensive cellarage. These warehouses were leased to Messrs. Hartley, well known for their extensive carrying business. In the ordinary coureo of their trade as wharfingers, their ware- houses were filled from top to bottom with valuable commodities — gram, hi)|M. bacou, cheese, oil, butler, lard ; on one floor were 1 S.i " id quartern of corn and IJ.miu quarters of oats ; besides seeds, feathers, jute, wool, and other atorc-i. In the buildings thus ■tock-'d with articles of a mo*I com- bustible character, a lire broke out between II and 1'J o'clock at night, which wrapped the whole in ll.imcs in n very short lime, though the destruction was ex- tended over n considerable period. From the hind side, nearly all the engine* of ih>- tire 'brigade poured continuous streams on selected parUuf the buildings, while, fnnn the a liter's edg.1, both the powerful flouting engines threw enormous volume* of water on the burning nmwi-'i. All these great appli- ance* produced no effect upon a con tlig rat lun fed by Mich inHnin- mablo nuicruls. The Homes roue high above the roofs, illuminated the br»ud river, and threw a
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ghastly light over the bridges, St. Paul's, the Monument, the Tower, and the London churches. There was no difficulty in reading small print at a considerable distance. Towards the morning the violence of the conflagration appeared to abate, but the fire continued its ac- tive destructive force for two entire days ; and when, a full fortnight after, tho labourers were engaged in rescuing salvage from the ruins, the smouldering masses broke forth intotlnmes. The destruction of pro- perly by this catastrophe is larger than has occurred for many yean ; the stock and buildings totally de- stroyed or rendered almost value- less are estimated at not less than 200.UO0J. It proved, indeed, that a very considerable amouut of the valuable goods in the buildings had not been actually consumed, but was capable of being converted to some use. The origin of the misfortune was in this case clearly ascertained. A clerk who had neg- lected to ship certain goods as ordered, anxious to retrieve hie negligence, went into one of the room*, and lighted a jet of gas; a kind of explosion set Are to some bales of jute, and, though the man gave an immediate alarm, he and his assistants could not prevent the spread of the fire.
I1*. DrsTaumvK Fiue. — In Plui'iiix -place, Itat cliff-cross, stood on Saturday night a large range of manufacturing premises, term- ed the Katcl iff- cross Wharf, siioate in Narrow -street, but extending into Phoenix - place, which was formerly knowu as ltatcliff-high- nay. The premises were in the occupation of Mes-rs. Parkinson and Salmon, wholesale biscuit bakers to the array and navy, and were termed the Pboniix Mills, They stretched in one direction
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sentries, who should have beard any remarkable noise during the stillness of (he night.
««. Urkat Fihe is Lono-Achb — Destruction ok St. Martin's Mam.. — Between !1 and 4 o'clock in the morning, a fire liroke out in tho coach- factory of Messrs. Kea- terton. at the corner <>f Long-Acre and En del 1- street. The materials used in tliia business are of the most inflammable character — dry anil seasoned wood, spirits uf wine, and varnish. The premises also are singularly constructed, the main apartment consisting of a large halt, open to the roof, round which wound a kind of spiral balcony, on which were placed the carriages in process of building, the finished carriages being on the ground nrea. The rest of the building consisted of workshops, in which the different processes were curried on. It is no wonder, therefore, that when materials so cotnhiMibbj once took lire in a building bo well adapted to pro- mote combustion, the flames should spread over tho whole with great rapidity. Such was the case ; and all the exertions of the brigade engines, and the powerful efforts of the new steam tire-engine of Messrs. Shaud and Mason, could di> nothing to abate their fury. From the peculiar formation of tho building the whole interior *i.' presented to thu eye, and as ceiling after ceiling fell in with tremendous crashes, and the inac- tive liums and girders, charred and burning, broke down, tearing and r. udmg everything in their |>a»vige, the whole building U-canio one treiiiendniM hlszing furnace, throwing up showers of burning f nig 1 11. lit", which, in descending. looked like myriads of stars; and. although large masses of smoke
were continually snrgiug up, they could rarely for a moment obscure the intense glare, rendering it only more lurid.
The flame* had now spread to tho roof of St. Martin 'a Hall, and it gradually became apparent that there area little chance of prevent- ing the noble concert- room from sharing the fate of tho other edifice. The lire gradually gained entire posseaaion of the concert-room, com- pletely destroying it, and of the fine organ by which it was adorned not a vestige remains. A lament- able accident occurred to a fireman, who was engaged directing the hose. Some melted lead poured down upon bis face and neck ; he was quickly conveyed to King's College Hospital.
The first stone of St. Martin's Hall was laid by Viscount Morpeth (now Earl of Carlisle) on the 21st of June. 1847. It was built by Alderman Cubiit, from the design of Mr. 11. Westmacolt, on a site which it is understood waa pre- sented to Mr. Ilullah by one of the great civic companies. The style of architecture waa Eliza- bethan, with iron arched and panel- led roof of immense span, and tho hall would comfortably accommo- date StiOn persons. It was first opened on the 11th of February, lb5<».
'47. Thk Ddnoaxhon Tiuokdt. — In the Chrokiclx of the last volume, p. in I, ia given an ac- count of a remarkable aeries of crin.es (generally known aa " lbs Dungannon Tragedy "l committed Iit a disgraced police -constable, Il.dden. He assassinated, under very extraordinary circumstance*, his'serjeant, McClelland, and that his sub- inspector, Matthews, re- covered from his wounds waa owing to BO want of ferocity on
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VNNUAL REGISTER. [I860 isailant"- Holden on ihe right by tlia Armenian lie recent Tyrone quarter, on [lie left by that of St. of course, found Catherine, and extending eastward nbited throughout to llie new hospital of St. Rocli. lion ; but on tho where tho guldens commence. All eitlh by hanging this spuce is filled with *ery old ion him, he inter- houses, built exclusively of wood, ?., and requested to and inhabited principally by be shot instead ; Greeks. uid a few personal ■■ Owing to the strength of tho ico whom ho would wind the flumes for seven hours July. He seemed did their work of destruction. At loaaeased with that 'J i-.m. the lire reached the extreme m of trenchery and end of the line des Hoses. In this tuated him to the street the fifth house on each Bide his dreadful deed, is of stone ; on the right side the , from a perception great establishment of the Deacon- lelming conviction eases, recently increased by the iiiihiiiiuiish' rewni- adjunction of the ancient Pupastan i fortunate man io house; on tho left the house of an appeal to which Ituboly. Every effort was made ?ou!d not possibly here to arrest the progress of the |
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event which, the line being ■ tingle one, interrupted the progress of tho other trains »t the appointed limes, end made it necessary to announce by telegraph to certain of the b tat ions the alterations which had been determined on aa to the plucea at which trains should pass each other; the object of auch alterations being to enable the traffic to be carried on with as little delay a* poi-.il.lo. The 14.40 r x. passenger train left Shrews- bury about half an hour Into and proceeded to Church R tret Ion, where it should have awaited the arrival of a local goods train. In consequence, however, of some misconstruction of the telegraph message which had been forwarded there, the passenger train was al- lowed to proceed under the im- pression Hint it was to pass the good* train at Oniliury. Thus going on. and proceeding at tho rate of ahout thirty miles an hour, down an incline of' about I in l«», neur Wisianstcin, the driver of the passengT train, immediately he had pas-ed round a sharp curve, mw the goods train, which he had expccti-d to meet at Onibury, ap- proaching within a distance of :nii) tarda. He immediately shut of! the steam, reversed the engine, and applied the break ; but such was the impetus of the train going down a de-cetiding gradient that its speed wns but idightly arrested, ami it ran with fearful force into the pioda train, which was ascend- ing the incline at a speed of about eight miles an hour. The car- riagi-4 were, of course, much crushed; three passengers were very severely injured, and seven or eight others less dangerously. One of the wounded. Mr. Jobson, an eminent corn-merchant of
Shrewsbury, died of the injuries he had received.
.11. FlBK AT BtACKWAIX.
About midnight a fire broke out in the extensive premises of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuild- ing Company at Black wall, which in a few bouts destroyed property of the aggregate valuo of about 10.0001., and the effect of which, beyond the immediate loss, will be seriously to retard the completion of the new armour-clad frigate Warrior. The works of the Com- pany are located on both aides of Bow-creek, Victoria Docks. Many huge specimens of naval architec- ture have been built here from time to time. Large subsidiary ironworks are carried on ; the ground on the opposite side was, until the fire, occupied by saw- ing, moulding, planing- mi lis, and smithies, replete with elaborate) and costly machinery, driven by a steam-engine of CO-horee power. Of this machinery, some of which was new, the various buildings in which it was housed, and the steam- engine itself, only ruins remain ; and a large quantity of valuable timber, principally teak, mahogany, and Dannie oak, which was being fashioned and adapted for use, served to make a hnge bonfire in the dead of night, visible for eight or ten miles round. The fire was discovered by a watchman; be gave an alarm ; workpeople resid- ing near rendered aid ; by degrees, fire-engines and firemen, in great numbers, arrived at the spot. The quantity of water on the land aide) was small. The fire continued to burn until 5 in the morning. Frost the adjacent creek the large float- ing engine, which had come from its mooring- lilacs at Soulhwark- bridge, played for some hours with
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lNNUAL REGISTER [1860 :ct on the burning 1ms always considered ilaelf not * nted it extending fraction, but an integral part of tha uf joiners' shops Queen's dominions, being a connty -nluiilile t4«"--"i -: ■ 1 |';il:iiiiii.'. ntiii subject to a peculiar re was, therefore, jurisdiction of the Queen in the iked area, and not light uf her Duchy of Lancaster, workmen uf the The Duchy of Lancaster resolved employed by the to havo its own review ; and the brown oul of tin- Earl of Derby, the territorial mag. most serious part nate of the county, offered the ass sisted in the dc- of his baronial park at Knowslejr. ic interior wood- Preparations were made for a jita trior, all of which upon a grand scale. Stands were of formiitioii by erected to receive all the rank and hmory within tho beauty of Lancashire. Thither, ed. according! v, Liverpool, Manches- ter, and all the other towns of this densely - peopled district poured forth their thousands, until the noble demesne was occupied by a force of interested holiday -makers. p,._.„p computed at the wide range of be- |
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had attained a most praiseworthy degree of efficiency.
But the magnate of Lancashire, in inviting the Volunteers to hie demesnes, entertained ideas of hospitality on a princely scnle. It is " well known " that an English- man cannot tight if he is " out of beef." Lord Derby had resolved to test the Volunteers' stomach for eating as veil as for fighting, and hod provided a commi—nriiit upon a scale and with an excellence of arrangement which seems unit. tninnlilo Iit r>n>re»»iona1 suIiIutv Basket*, each containing sixty meal-pic* and rolls {a company facing taken at sixty men), were stowed away in ten largo touts, two f»r each brigade, each tent in two compartments, appropriated to twenty battalions. These were drawn up on ground immediately behind the position ; aud, there- fore, when the review was oter and the men piled nrm«. the officers bad no dilhculty whatever in supplying t«i every cmipaiiy its basket of provisions, anl a beer- can of three gallons of famous Knowsley ale. The atatistics of this abundant catering will bo viewed with a sigh by the soldier of the Crimean camp. The num- ber of pies provideit was 11,3111, weighing between live and six turn, several thousand rolls, and twenty-live hogsheads of ale. Tho general publio were amply catered for by Urn same able hen. I that provisioned the armr, Mr. Morrish, uf Liverpool :— AiNMI Mellon-Mow- bray pies, limn dam largo veal ami ham pies, BO'i dozen small, .'•on lbs, «f Cheshire ehee-.-. and some ,'iirfMl lit*, of ham. tongue and beef, cut into sandwiches, with a due proportion of bread, and an indescribable mass of buna and pastry, formed the eatables; and
to wash them down, lens of thou- sand! of liottlea of ale and porter, soda-water, lemonade, sixty bar- rels mild ale, fifty barrels Allsopp, and lastly, but not least consi- derate, twenty water-carts of spring water.
The other " inspections " of the. Volunteer form which have ga- thered together large masses of that array to exhibit their Real and efficiency, were those of the Volun- teers of the three Ridings of York- shire, held on K naves in ire, near the ancient city of York, the me- tropolis of the North of England ; where Sir Oeorge Wetherall re- viewed 9000 men, whom he de- clared to be equal in appearance to the finest troops he had ever seen, and who had performed the evolu- tions of a field-day to admiration ; and another on a larger scale at Gloucester, where about 7000 men of the West land shires underwent a satisfactory inspection, under unfavourable circumstances of sky and soil.
The metropolitan corps were so well estiified with their appear- ance in Hyde Park, that (hey were seized with tho desire to burn jiowdcr, and to make one step fur> (her towards the actual horrors of war-in short, to have a "sham fight." This came off in the pre- sence of thousaods of spectators on the 14 th July, in the grounds of Camden Park, near Chisel hntst. The field of buttle consisted of one of those dells which are common among the Surrey hills, affording on one slope a good defensible position, anil on the other a good cover under which tho assailant! mar advance; with a small slreatn and broken ground at the bottom which would test their solidity and steadiness is marching. The Volunteers were divided Into two
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lNNUAL REGISTER. [1860 irtDies. Tha de- with hospitals for the sick and s inertly nominal, wounded. t lo keep up mi i. Frightful Railway Disas- of resistance — it ter'at HelHshobZ, — A terrible 10 man; while the accident, occasioning the loss of mitu-d to a corps ninny lives and mnny fractured irong. Tlia piau limbs, occurred about eighteen ed, mid the Bxecu- miles north of Manchester, near pretty spectacle, the lieluishore station of the Lan- ippoaing that tbey cashire and Yorkshire Railway, noimoitrsd hy n A few had been announced to e their position on take place at the Dellevue Gardens, cend to drive hack Manchester, on the 3rd instant, who are in fact art which proved so acceptable to the *e order, nrc loo district about that many thou- i, and drive tliein sands of visitors were attracted lositiou; at which thither from till the towns and *il- enemy suddenly luges about. Between 2000 and vit ami rush, im- 3000 of these pleasure-seekers d to complete the came from Coins, Burnley, Ac- ini the retirement crinRton, and other places situated on their position along the line of the East Lane*- |
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Helmshore is situated at the top of a steep incline. The train ar- rived at the station, and was brought to a stand-still in the usual manner by the application of the breaks, atld the guards alighted to assist the passenger*. The breaks were released in readi- ness for (he next start, and at that moment a snap.as of fractured iron, was heard, and the guards, looking back, imvr the Utter pir- lion »t their mini. consisting of ■evciitccn carriages and a break- tan, detached from the rest, and in tnuti»n slowly descending the incline. One of the guards rushed forward, caught his break-van and applied the break. But it was loo late— the accumulated velocity of the train overcame the power of the break, and the carriages with their living freight continued to descend wiih momentarily increas- ing speed. The third train was Itow to close behind as to be about to ascend the incline. The engine- driver, on turning a curie in the line, saw the deicending carriages, aud reversed kits engine : but !»■- foro he could slop his train, the other was upon it- Although the returning cniriages had nut ac- quired a great velocity, aud the advancing mm had been consider- ably retarded, the collision of two botiii'!* of nuch great mamtnttim wa* frightful. The two rearmost of the runaway carriages were cru>lu,-d to pit-oca, and their isis- setigers M-tiltered over the line killed iir maimed; the other car- riages wero dashed one upon ano- ther with a great sin- k. and the eloselv-pncked excursiotiiMt within crushed n|Nin each other with great
eeived the blow upon ha engine, and the j«»eengera received little injur; beyond the inconveniences
of a sudden concussion. The scene which followed was very frightful. The people in the last train threw themselves frantically from the carriages, aud scattered about the lino in terror and coufusion ; the people at the station learnt the catastrophe in a moment, and rushed down wildly to search lor their friends amid shrieks and cries ; the railway officials hurried down with lights, and, impeded by the terror and clamours of the excit- ed crowd, endeavoured to remedy the disaster and rescue the sufferers. When all had been drawn forth from the ruins, it was found that ten persons had been slain (ono of whom had died of suffocation), twenty-two had arms or legs (some- times' both) fractured and other bones broken, while very many others had received contusions of a most serious character. Soma of the wounded subsequently died; and in the end no fewer than eleven persona lost their lives by Ibis terrible disaster; and seventy- seven were injured.
The enroner'a inquiry, assisted bythe science of the distinguished officers of the Hoard of Trade, threw very little light on tha cause of this catastrophe. One thing only appearrd certain — that the coupling which had given way, though it had done duty for a long while without showing any symp- tom of fracture, was formed of bad iron ; and the most plausible con- jecture seems to !*• that the sudden release of the breaks had caused a kind of jerk along the line of car- riages by which the faulty iron, now exposed to a strain which was be- yond its strength, was disnipturod.
So far as the ordinary duty of the railway officers is concerned, these trains seam to have been ea- pecially well attended to; since
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id inspector of the « of this line, when i bow grant an ac- lassengers at Mnu-
bo provided for, it to (hut station
of personally su- 2 uiTSitigrmieiits and { the trains. TLa nimself took charge iry guards of the When he sow what e took the prompt iug an engine on f rails to overtake gitivo carriages, or ot be done, to run ;k the ihird train ; lie catastrophe had fore this could be >eeu frequently re- o jollity of a body
it should hi> enforced by the m<Mt urgent demand of the probable fiottma UieuiseWea.
B. DaBJU>TOl C.tTAsmopHB o* Lake Michigan. — The Amenta* ma il-st earner has brought inulli- gcncci of a terriblo disaster which oecurrnd early in tho morning of t he Hth September on I*ke Micbi- gan, by which needy $00 poneae, moat of highly rcippciahlo condi- tion, were almost mstuutAnmuly hurried into eternity. The natural feeling of dismay at eu greet e calamity wee brought home to the feelings of Englishman, by the circumstance that * well-known Englishman and hi* eon were among the vi<- L
Tho La,ly Kliin steamer— at leant, the feet in length end of KUK
■ww
lerrr in ■
o clock il
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festivity and enjoyment, made through her bottom, and her hull
r in spite of the skies, and at went down, leaving nothing but
ock in tlio morning the dance her hurricane deck, two boat*, and
.till kept up in the mIooii. It aoine fragments, afloat upon the
wanted, then, but an hour of dnwn, waves.
when suddenly a crash was heard, The greater part of the unfortu- aiid it was found that a schooner nate travellers must have perished had run into the Lady Elgin, just in a mass in the cabins, or elus- abaft the paddle-box on the port tered together upon the deck, aide. This was the accident : but Thirteen persona escaped in one the consequences at tint seemed boat, and in the other eight. About by no meaus alarming. It was not seventy despairing wretchea floated like the impact of an iceberg or upon the hurricane deck, watching the shock of striking upon a reef, with wistful eyes the shore aa the The music was, indeed, stopped, wind and current drove their frail and the dsnro suspended, but the emharcaiion along — uncertain bow ladies were not terrified, nor did long this precarious refuge would even the ship's officers suspect the hold together. The dreaded dia- fatal truth. The captain called ruption actually occurred, for the out to one of the porters to fetch a floating wreck broke up into four light, so that they might look over pieces, each bearing away af portion the side of the vessel and see what of the territied refugees. It seems, harm had been done, but the eur- also, by the account of the people vey did not n-veal any serious mis- in the boats, that others of the chief. It wna not supposed that passengers clung to other floating the leak was dangerous, and, more- wreck and spars ; and that the over, they were but ten miles from wind drifted the whole — the boata, hborc', Presently, however, it wss the wrecks, the span, and the bo- discovered that the water wss rush- dies of the drowned — up the lake, ing into the lire-hole, and thai it until they were driven ashore under could not I* stopped by such eipe- high cliffs and far from any habita- dieuta aa the emergency suggested, tions. Here the miserable aurvi- Orders were then given for lower* vors were about to perish by ano- iriR a boat, hut not, as it appears, ther danger. There was a high with the view of taking anybody surf rolling upon the beach under from the vessel. What the cap- the steep bluffs, and the country it tain desired was that two or three so sparsely settled that then was) lunula should go round in the Iwat but little assistance from the shore, to the Hide where the steamer had The waves caught the nieces of been struck, and see if the leak wreck as they approached the beacb, could not be stopped from without and rolled them over, waahing off The I mat, however, had only one numerous unhappy persona — other* oar, and she could not be g«t round, were crushed on the beach, and while every minute now was pre- many were killed by blowa from i-ipitating the catastrophe. The the agitated wreck — both the boata water poured into the steamer, the were upset on landing. Of the (•oat «ix driven off by the gale, :No persons auppoaed to be on and in the space, at is reckoned, board the Lady Elfin, about 100 of about a quarter of an hour the were saved. engine of the ill-fated veaael fell It may be asked what aaaastanoe
p
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account of the expense* of the Festivals is quite unconnected with the contribution* received at the doom, which are applied, without diminution, for the relief of (he widuwa and orphaaa of tho clergy of the three dioceses. These vo- luntary oblations at Worcester reached the largest amount yet received— namely. l'-Mlf. At the Hereford festival, ill If.'trl, the amount collected wan liKW/. : at Gloucester, in l*5tt, 1113/.
11. DoxcabteR Hacks. — The Great Northern meeting, notwith- standing that the continued wet weather had greatly diminished tli« enjoyment of out - of- door amusement, waa extremely well attended. The interest taken in the St. Leper wis f err great. The old rivalry between the north end Hie Houth ran high, excited by the successes of the Yorkshire stithies at the meeting of IMI). The t 'liiiTu |ni(»nc* Stakes were won br the Karl of Stamford's Walloon"; the Great Yorkshire Handicap by Mr Osborne's Moorhen. Kor the great event of the meeting, tho St. Leger Stake*. Thonnauby, the winner of the l>erby, was tint favourite, nt !> to 'J : Sabreur. the winner of tho (iu<>dwovcl Cup, second, at Hhi to Si). After a very exciting race, the prir.e wa* won by Luid Aileslmry'* St. Albans, who stood fourth in the betting at H to 1. The second bursa wa* Mr. .Tuples' High Tre.ir.nn, who stood at lmili to 1)0. Tin- kiuuritr, TlwndwiU, wa* tilth: Sabreur «u bcaicu at half the distance ; Wizard, tbc winner of the Two Thousand Guinea*, and second for tbu Derby, was third ; Swcrtsauce, the winner of the Goodwood Cup. Wallace, the winner of tho Goodwood Stakes, weru nut even placed. IGtl sub-
scriber*— fifteen atarted. On Fri- day, Sabreur, who made h con- spicuous a failure in the St. Leger, won the Doncasler Cup, beating Thormanby, and tlie favourite. White Kose.
13. Exkci-tiok or a Mahiwi. —The correspondence from the fleet in China relate* a very un- usual occurrence— the execution of a Marine, for attempting to mur- der two of hi* officer*. The man, John Ilalliger, fully deserved hi* fate, for his crime was attended with most aggravating circum- stances. He joined the Letvn about five month* ago, from the Marine Battalion, with a bad cha- racter, the comer of hi* certi6cale being cut off. Lieutenant Hudson, in the hope of enabling him to re-establish his character, took him as hi* own servant. On the 8th inst.. Lieutenant Hudson missed some brandy and wine from fail cabin, charged Dalliger with the theft, and told him be should be punished. Next morning, as he lay on the tiofa after breakfast, Dal- liger stole round and hhol him in the back uf the neck, after which be shot the second master. Before being executed ho made a state- ment confessing hi* crime, for which ho wo* heartily *orrv, re- garding his death a* only too little punishment, and " begging pardon of those two whom he hod *o nearly destroyed in his auger." " Punctual); at the hour ordered, a boat from every vessel in the, fleet assembled about the Hug- ship, the tsien being moored just astern. A large open space wa* kept, and at a signal from the Ad- miral the boat* approached tho Lttrtt in two equal division*. A ropo wo* extended on either aid*, to which the boat* were strung after all the bowmen had gone on
VNNUAL REGISTER.
:giog of every ship >d l>y all hands to ration. Punctually the prisoner was ripped of his uui- Irii'.llv |i:i1g, but his
and ba walked, t. A rope was .is neck, the signal two seconds the .m htm up to the There a loop was
body fell wiih a i, at least sis feet, uggles and all was
>fH.M. Ship"Ak- -Tlie steam screw hip Amon, of 91 lied frotti the doek- :h. In the presence 10,000 spectators.
in tn rnnri,! of
[1860
challenged by Whim, of Ttrrmood- sey, whom Ho had defeated lost ywr on the Tyne. The moo wjw rowed on the water between Putney bridge and Monlake, about fuar- ond-a-hslf miles. Al tho atari the men wore evon — perhaps White drew slightly in advance: bat Chambers' steady and ectratifia rowing speedily sent him a -head, and be won the nutrh without much difficulty.
IB.Nobwioh MrsieiLFurmM- — The Festivals at Norwich have obtitined a high rank, not only from the excellence of the jmr- formauces, but from thn many new compositions which have been then introduced to notice — work* urea which so excellent a judgment had been exercised, that i become classics of t"
mvW fliirl met
SEPT.]
CHRONICLE.
160
that this Festival produced a larger ■urn for the charitable purpoaea to which the surplus is derated .
ii-4. The Quern b Vibit to Co- booku. — Her Majesty and the Prince Consort liavo paid a visit to the uncesiral states of tbo Saxe- Cobuurg (iothas. The Royal pair, with their daughter, the Princess Alice, embarked in the Victoria and Aitxrt, at Gravescixl, ou the Blind, and reached Antwerp the following evening. The next diiy the King of the Belgians, Her Majesty's uncle, came on board, and escorted the travellers through his dominions. At Aix-la-Chnpolle, the Prince Keg cut of Prussia .joined Her Majesty, and acoompa* nied the party for a part of the route to Frankfort. At Frankfort the Princess of Prussia and the Grand Duke and Duchess of Baden were awaiting to welcome them. Cobourg was reached on the 'J&th, and hero they ireru received by their hosts, the Duke and Duchess of Saii-L'obuurg (iotha. and had the wiiir. fuc turn of finding tlio Prince and Princess Frederick William of Prussia awaiting their arrival .
Tin) fcithiues which were in- tended in enliven the visit uf the illustrious gue»ta were prevented by n melancholy incident, the death of the Dowager Duchess of Cubuurg, the mother of the Prince Co ii »ort. The I toy n I travellers left I'uhourg on the Kith October, and |-a.«>i>d through Mayeuce to t'obkiila and Aii-la-Cliapelle. ac comi>:inied by their daughter and her Iniihand ; arrived at Brussels on S.iturday, and. Her Majesty hating ciiught rulil, abided there the guest* «f the King until Tues- day : on that evening arrived at Antwerp, embarked iu the yacht, and arrived at Gravescnd ou the
17th. During the sojourn at Co. bourg, the Prince Consort and party drove the woods of Wold pare for boar, and killed four of those beasts of chase. On reluming from an excursion, his Royal High- ness met with what might have been a serious accident. His borsea ran away, and the Prince, leaping out of the carriage, received soma injuries about the hand and {bob. Lord John Russell waa the Secre- tary of State in attendance.
ao. Fatal Pakic at Stocepobt. —Sit Liru lost, — Six lives bate been sacrificed in a narrow street at Stockport. There waa a great display of fireworks on the anni- versary of the opening of the People* Park. A vast mass col- lected on the high ground about the market-place to witness the spectacle. When it was over, the mob retired through a steep nar- row street. A drunken woman fell in the van, others stumbled over her, the crowd pressed on, trampling thoae beneath ; and in thin way six were killed, three of them children, and several were wounded, some mortally.
N lAISARA 1U.VM1XATKD. Tkt
Tiuttt' Correspondent, who is per- mitted to travel in the train of the Prince of Wales, gives a most picturesque account of His Royal Highness' visit to the Falls of Niagara, when that mighty pheno- menon of Nature was illuminated for the first, and possibly for the last time.
" His (the Prince's] first view of the cataracts waa on Friday night last, when he saw them as no man had ever aeon them before, and as they will probably never be seen again— he saw the falls of Niagara illuminated. At the first idea, it seems about as feasible to light vp an these gnmt oot-
ANNUAL REGISTER.
ike Erie, and Mr. !ii he started the i ou as well mean- ., but chimerical, to
term. Mr. Black- lersevered, and liud -;.il lights made of
which it was pos- ture. About twenty
placed in a row a, beneath Clifton ;ing the American more were placed Rock, and twenty he sheet of water nice to which from ide I have already 10 o'clock at ni«ht, )t. and their effect gr.ind, magical, and
all power of words
n an instant, the
were changed fmru wliile to red. Niagara seemed turned to blood in colour, but so bright, so lurid in its deep eEfulgeooe, that a riwr of seething. roaring, holliita flro, seemed to hiivo tnkoii tlio [jinco in an instant of these cold, atom, eternal falls. None rould look upon this scene, tho huge, firry. blood-red mass, dark -iou king sad clotted in tho centre, without * feeling of awe. Vim could not speak, so sublime ttrro Its torntn, nor mote your g&jtfl aw«y from tho Dazing caldron underneath the falls, where the river seemed in its frothy red foam like boiling blood." The Weathkb.— The Rrgiv trar-General, ihejudiciil • ■--- of the weather and iu describes tho ungonia] quarter of ISfltl in fen but striking
SEPT.] CHRONICLE. 161
gust, and September, of the year as might bare been expected. In 1660. In 1817, a singularly cold many dittricts wheat did not flower period reduced (ha average tem- before the very end of Julj ; the perature of (be summer quarter ear ripened very irregularly, and to ilie game degree of cold as the in many districts did not ripen at present — namely, to BO'S; but the all. In a very few place* corn average of the Jour months in mi cut on the 6th August. In 1817 waa one degree higher. The aonie district* the gran was left barometric pressure of the quarter unmown until the middle of Sep. was also very low : that in August tember. Notwithstanding the mi- was lower tlian fur twenty preced- serable state of the atmosphere, ing years. The rain-fall, though the great phenomena of life pre- nut ao appalling as in the previous tented a moat favourable aspect, quarter, was such as to raise the Marriages exceeded the average ; apprehensions of the husbandman and though the births (104,003) and horticulturists to the highest, fell somewhat short of those of The total fall during the quarter the prolific summer quarter of amounted fltt in. or 2-1 in. (more 1859, they greatly exceeded thoaa than one-fourth) in excess. The of the corresponding quarters of total rain-fall aiuco January 1 is any previous year. The excess of Hil in., or 00 in. (more than one- births over deaths during the fuurthi above the usual quantity, quarter waa 77,039; the natural In 1M4, there fell in the same increase of the population of Eng- nine numbs 9&*4 in. ; and in IS'48, land and Wales was therefore 844 '.JO i in. The little town of Lam- daily; and if the increase of Ire- «ter roust have thought a second land and Scotland waa in similar slugs at hand, for there fell there, proportion, the daily increase of in nine month*. 44 0 in. of rain; Her Majesty's subjects in the at Clifton, ill 0 in.; at Little United Kingdom is not fewer than Briilv. illl-H in. ; at Truro, 331 in. 1300 — an increase exceeding any While tliu ground and growing on record.
com were thus sodden with the The price of provisions baa iu-
raiti. the sun hod almost ceased to creased with the decreasing pro
thine, and when he did show his xpecia of the harvest. Wheat has
once-genial fate, Ilia aspect wui risen 34 per cent.; beef, 7 per
cold and watery. Nor did the cent. ; mutton, 1 1 per cent ; po-
strunu, and continuum winds in taloea. B9 per cent- Wheat was
any »;iy assist the farmer in dry- 69i. Id. a quarter ; potatoes, 135*.
ing his i' mp-*. fur the air itself was a ton. Notwithstanding this con-
hat united with moisture, and could siderable increase of the price o
absorb no more. The average food, and the suspension of agri-
huimdity of tin; air was 8.V, and cultural labour by the incessant
frequently indicated Complete natu- bad weather, such is the activity
ml lull. The cereut crops were, of commerce and manufacture, that
therefore, necessarily very back- pauperism continues to diminish,
ward, but. except in low and ill- On an average, 709,300 persons
drained lands, where the root* and were in receipt of relief; while
blade acre roited, they did not the number in the correapow"
exhibit so marked s deterioration period of 1059 was 763.449. Vol. CII. M
S
ANNUAL [tEGISTER.
[1800
t'EAMEB. — In April, it, of Newcastle, o Gal way Company the largest afloat, real Eastern. In riahed tit sea by tho : of the waves and e vtssi.'l, which was MMtffftL was 970 by 40 feet beam,
jam of son horso
), and was of BOW
ghl left Onlwey, oti v&ri voyage, for St. ston. on the 2.1th th a crew of 12*
was seen through ilin grating*, washing about in tlm bold. Isi foot, it had been reported Ihet water was gaining ground iu llw ship's bilge. As this In not observable in otltn the ship, the Inference n that the cause nas l<v;il. anil tint by applying the action of (lis primp* to this part and" closing up tfie access to other parts —nut! thethlp whs built in compartments — ilia danger might Inue been obrimteri, Instead of this, the pump* went applied to reduce the water hi ttw ship generally : at first with appa- rent effect, but. tho IsaJl ahead again, and by 1) a.m. nf Sitn- ri;n i! Imd risen to th« fni n the port *ide, and, onitiR t extraordinary list of tlin ship out some of* the 13m tti r
OCT.] CHRONICLE. 1(13
changed to extreme (error when hoard, the fire making inch pro- file word waa passed around in low gross. The flame* were momen- tones, ' The ship is on fire .' ' ac- tartly expected (6 bant oat and companied by the smell of hnrn- sweep tho deck*, the fire garjga ing wood. The Are appeared he- having given up all hopes of er- tween the decks. Gangs were tinguishing them, bnt continuing immediately formed, with pumps to apply wet blankets, Ac. The and buckets, to extinguish the aide of the ship was then so hot flames, taking the water from the that when she rolled it would hiaa sea and passing ft in bucket". As and make steam of the sea water, the tire gained the sailors began "The gallant little Yankee brig to slacken work, all eyes staring aailed alongside and hove to, see- around the horiaon in hops to see ing our deplorable situation, and some means of safety. Several ahowing every sign of anxiety for false reports of a vessel in aight us; but we began to think it wovM were made, but at last we disco- be impossible to stow all our nam- vered a sail to the northward, and ben on board, she looked so small, soon after another to the westward. We have since ascertained that she both very low down: but it be- was only 196 tons burthen. Cap- came plain at 1 o'clock that both tain Leitch made all haste to get were Hearing us, and the vessel ns into the boats. Captain Wilson, steering north liad three masts, the commander of the brig, how- and the one west only two. We ever, resolved to stand by her until soon found out that the latter wss every person was saved, and com- passing, while the other still neared mencingwith the women and child- without showing any sign that she ren. But, with all the exertions noticed us. which kept us in ex- that could be made, when the suit tremc anxiety and doubt until she wen t down only about StHJhad been bore directly for us, evidently got aboard the brig: though some showing that she observed the of the Connnught'i boats, on reach- steamer's fluga of distress, which ing the brig, are said to have re* had l*en hoisted since midday. Wo fused to return, the gallant Amo- tion commenced to steer away and rican persevered until he had got
launrh boats, which was a very the whole, crew and passengers, In difficult j.ib. the ship lying almost " " ' ' ' '
on her side in the trough of the
difficult job. the ship lying almost safety. Scarcely a parcel of bag- ' " " — i saved, the trunks and
even money of the cabin i
" By this time the fire had cut sengers being left below during
off all communication with the the confusion and the alarm which
saloon. The first quarter boat called them on deck In the morn-
lowered was struck by the counter Ing, after which coromanieatioR
and Inst, which caused hesitation waa cat off by the water and (he
about launching the others, fiat flames. The Connattfht had
the worst of oar fears was. that 10,0001. in gold on board, Govem-
supp'i-iiiR the boats should ride ment money, taken at St. John's,
the t>ei. which thin showed signs which was lost with the ship. Two
of moderating, snd that wa could small mall bags were saved." safely launch and All them with 8. Litiimol Fan Li usual. ~
passengers, there waa no chance of A princely merchant of the preterit
remaining but a short time on day has made to Ma ertr a ejtft M 3
[[,;,
ool, had o: Free Library and magnificent pre-
completcd at ilia
) the
the dor 1 solemnly ' ocession, speeches,
ifice, which is the iids in close prom- ising St. George's 9 Corinthian order, asement which is spacious flight of ef feature of the
shall; t allowed to
ined for the i
of a marble statue in the liall uf the building — "not," Uio mayor gmcefully said, " that the preieot generation require to be provided with his likeness— but H »■ desir- able that we should be ablo to transmit to our children, and our children's children, n faithful like- ness of their fathers' fnmul
10. Cheat Fi be atLikkjiocik. — The immense BUgitr hoiiao and refinery of Messrs. Good hart, iti Horseferry-road, LimEhousr, was entirely destroyed by tirn. Tin- factory was one of lbs largest in the metropolis. It was nine stories in height, some 200 ft. iu length. and 80ft. in depth, and fliuilwd the river entrance of the Urgent* Canal Dock.
The outbrenk of the fire < discovered at 6 o'clock, bflT workmen had left.
E
OCT.] CHRONICLE. 165
floor*, which will account for the frigate '■ keel and the snaps of
rapid extension of the fire. her bottom, the keel only waa held
Within leas than a quarter of an by and in contact with the chocks
hour after the alarm had been given of the platform. The hydraulic
the whole of the upper portion of pump* were eel to work for raising
the entire range of premises was the platform, and soon the frigate
in flames. The brigade engines rose out of the water; the did
and both the floats were got into nut rise quite level owing to the
action. The work of destruction, weight of her anchors and chain
however, made most rapid progress, at the bows. When this was oor-
Tlie flames gradually made their reeled some of the stanchion* of
way downwards through the several the dock broke ; this waa not
floors to the basement, and the deemed of importance. All teemed
whole block of buildings in less to be going on well, and M long as
tlmii an hour was one masa of fire, she was to a certain depth in the
Through some hundred windows water and evenly balanced, the waa
flames were issuing with the most safe. The higher she rose, bow-
ii. tense fierceness ; a large body of ever, the more top-heavy she be-
fire rose high into the air, and the came. The crew were on board
scene altogether was one of much the ship and moving about in all
grandeur. The concourse of people directions. Suddenly the frigate
viewing the conflagration was im- gave one or two slight rolls, and
mens.'. The fire rather burnt it- then pitched over on her surboard-
Krlf out than una extinguished by beam; at the second surge the
any exertions of the firemen. A three masts snapped about half wav
vust body of fire remained smoul- up from the deck, her star-board
lii'mijj for muny days in the black- purts being upon she rapidly filled
e ned and riven ruins. The value with water; and here began a scene
of the property destroyed is eati- of horror impossible to describe,
mated at 80.0l.lil. The water waa filled with men and
111. SlM)Cl-AH Destruction or women, wounded, dying, all scream- a Peruvian Frigate. —The Peru, ingfor help. Boats were promptly vian frigate Callso lAuprrimacf has aent to their assistance, or the low been destroyed in a most singular of life would have been still more manner. It being necessary to fearful. Of the number who wen dock tli- -hip in the dry dock at below at the time very few escaped. Sun I,"ren/.», the engineer was It is not known bow many have LiHiMilti'd, He recommended the been lost, but it cannot fall short removal of the guns and heavier of 150. The sick in the ships* portion* of the ship's weights. This hospital were among the sufferers. was done. There was a very iar«e The' wounded that could be re- miicourse of people to view the moved who did not require ampo* operation of ducking, including the tatiou were brought over to Callan, President, minister of war, and in- the rest remaining on the inland. viicil guests, on board the govern- The number of broken heada. arms, ment ntramer I'eayati. On the and legs, was great. Captain arrival of the company at about Kerr.M theEngliabshipGofcosata, Hi am the vessel waa floated into lowered his boats and did good see- the dock, and on to the dock put* vice in saving some thirty or forty form. Uwing to the depth of lbs lives. The CaOao was a An*
NNUAL REGISTER.
und was built at essrs. Green and is a splendid spe- architecture. All her proved ftuit- weut entirely to
il 1 1 [l-MCRDEil AND
j> fobs.— Another
cnted crimes has 1 nt Bradford. An named Gowlund, ived in Bukur-end- wn. At night of
the police rice i mm I
something terrible ,t the house; mid r, they found two
one four, and the of age, lying upon ui on the ground
mother. Margurot
about ton minutes past 0 o'di on Sunday night, the iilet iasunt, when he loft lior at homo, with her sister Auuio, aged two yean, uud their mother. At 10 o'clock lie returned home mid Knocked nt the door without receiving any answer. Ho repeated thu knock- ing, nnd (-idled out, but slill chary wa* no reply, llo lighted ■ pipe, uud sauntered uhout the street about twenty tninutea, he knocked at the door Mfctn, uud then heard a slight noise, and afterwards a noise us if something had been thrown ngaiut tho door. He culled out, " MargW '■ ■ ■ why don't you open the <inor?" and in ii minute afierwurd* in heard the lock unturned I Ho opened the dour and I the house, found all in dm
■wurd* u* ^ witlii". d enured
■Ink,,,,-.
OQT.J
CHBOtilCIiE.
Iff
M.Blondinoiiatiglit-ropottreUhed over the St. Lawrence, near the Fulls of Niagara, are spoken of disparagingly, aa (hough thero was something uiytbical iu the narra- tives. \\ ithout placing the value of tight-rope dancing higher thou before, il in just that dua credit should be given to the greatest artule in tli*t peculiar walk. The following U uiken from [lie letter of Tha ITi'mm' correspondent, who nu pcruiilli-d to accompany the Prince of Wales, aud who wilnessod M. Blindiu'8 perform- ance whan he exhibited before tbe Prince ; —
" It (the rope) is stretched be- tween two of the steepest eliffej over the rapid., about 43l) feet from where the waters boil, and roar, and plunge; on in massive waves at thu rate of some twenty wilts an hour. To teo him veu- ture- out on this thin cord, and turn aumuiursaulta in the centre, Handing on Ins head, or eetlling down holding by his hands, revolve Uu.kwurds over the roue like a Cathenue- wheel, is bad enough f»r nervous people . but an Satur- day, after keeping ever; one's hair uu eud for twenty minutes thus, he
C rotated to carry a man across on is back. The mere physical et- erti»n <>f carrying a man a distance of half a mile is no slight feat, but when that half mile haa to be traversed on a tight-rope higher thin the Monument, from u sea of boiliug rupids underneath, where one false movement, the tremor of a Millie nerve, a Uwuieut'a gust of wind, wuuld hurry both tu an iiistaut and dreadful death, tbe attempt is ao full of sickening terror, thai not many can bring them solve-, to witness il. and those who do, remain cold, trembling, and
silent, till the dreadful venture w oofely passed. Blondin took: (bo matter coolly enough, and, though hie Royal Highuesa was urgent with him not to attempt it, he replied iliat there waa far lets danger in tbe feat than appeared to loukere-on, and that aa he bad everywhere announced his inten- tion of performing it, before relin- quishing his ittem pu lor the season, ha felt bound to go en. He accordingly divested himself of bis Indian chiefs head-dreee and bead work coat, and put two strong straps crosswise over hie broad muscular shoulders, each strap fitted with a flat iron book, to rest on hit hips, for there bie adventurous companion was too*; bia lego. Mr. Caleourt was the man to be carried, and this person. in addition to bia own coolness and confidence in Blondin, has himself a eutlii-icul knowledge of the rope to enable him to ttand on it alone whenever Itloudin himself wanted rest. All the preparation* wen soon made. Blondin stood atcadily on the rope, and Caleourt, grain- ing him round the neck, gently and slowly hoisted first one lag iuto the hook, and then tbe other, and then, allowing hit limba to swing aa relaxed aa possible, the attempt coromeuced. Of course, with a rope nearly half a mile long, no power can draw it straight. It, therefore, slopes rapidly down at both sides from the edge* of the clifla in which it it secured. This mode lite attempt look doubly fearful, for it teemed impossible, as Uloudin went down the ateep incline of cord with slow, caul ions, troinbl log feet, with body carefully thrown lack to keen hi* balance, that he could avoid slipping and being dashed to fragment* en the
ANNUAL REGISTER.
'efar down beneath. iver, he passed it uboot five minutes tre of (he rope ond i Culeourl, gently ;s from the hooks, nod upon the rope, rested. Getting up gain was an awful ico Calconrt missed s to the hooks, mid .lated considerably forts made on his however, his daring s seated, and tlie ; and after three -ervals of rest, tho safely gained. Tbe occupied a quarter Blondin then per- itillj dangerous task along the rope on iree feet high, and
siderable. Beside the r< were dismasted or dis& were wrecked, but only ■ crews were drowned.
The consequences of to tbe numerous vessels the Tyne were terrible, was strewed with «r« money value of the ves* not including tbe curgoe mated at 60,0001, III vessels p*5i'jjih<>cl with crews. Several pilot-bt their brave and skilfa were lost. Tbe numbe wrecked on the British this month is 151; the lives lost, A3; the numl 234.
The gales extended Baltic, with which our ports have such great ir and many valuable v«i
OCT.]
CHRONICLE.
It is related, and it is believed truly, that n large ship was wreck- ed upon one of these sterile spot*. The inhabitants had witnessed the disaster with compassion, not un- mixed with gratification, at the pros i wet of a supply of wreck- wood fur the winter's fuel. The crew had succeeded in getting a line to the shore, and the people were humanely engaged in draw- ing the poor mariners to land, when an aged and experienced islander addressed his countrymen in fen and nervous words, point- ing out the privation to which such a sudden influx of consumers would reduce them. The inlanders were struck with the force of his re- marks, cut the ropes, and the sea- men wen swept away to death. Si. Kilda. tho most outlying of the British Islands, is one of those desolate lands. It is the property of one gentleman. Mr. Mscleod. The small rents arc consumed in ul templed improve men (si, or in meeting the Hants of the half- famished tenantry Ill-fed, ill- clad, and ill-lodged, these poor people possess in full measure the improvidence which seems to be the correlative of habitual poverty. Many of the natives have been compelled (o emigrate to better lands ; privation and exposure have kept down any natural in- crease; the island, like a sheep- walk, will maintain a certain number- the tawa of nature keep dowu eicrM*. The chronic mi-crv of St. K.Ida has called forth the benevolence of an individual — who was perhaps a native, and who re- called with a shudder amid the ge- nial warmth of iheWesl Indies, the biting blasts of his paternal cot- tage—who bequeathed a fund fnr the improvement of the island,
applicable under the management of toe Highland and Agricultural Society. The Duke of A thole and Mr. Maxwell, the President and Secretary, had visited the place in H.M.S. Porcupine, for the purpose of determining how the fund could beat be employed. The storm of the 5th October swept over this ill- blessed shore, and reduced the poor inhabitants to the extreme; of misery. Every house in the island was unroofed, the scanty crops blown into the aea, with the very soil in which they grew, every shed and shelter was swept away, and the people exposed at once to cold and starvation. The large boat by which only a communication could be kept up with the civilised world waa blown out of its shelter and destroyed ; and tbeir miseries would have been irremediable had it not been for a fortunate mis- fortune. The Porcupine was still in that quarter, taking soundings. She was caught in the hurricane, narrowly escaped shipwreck, and took shelter under the lee of St. Kilda. Captain Otter did bia beat to assist the starving inhabitants — landed a few gallons of meal, a barrel of biscuit, and some aaila and boat-covers to protect the sick until the houses should be re- thatched. Excepting this aid there was no food left on the island but a few potatoes and salted birds. Captain Otter communicated tho disastrous condition of the islandera to the Society, and large contri- butions in money, meal, potatoes, cheese, sugar, and tobacco, were speedily contributed for their re- lief.
ANNUAL REGISTER.
MEMBER.
Explosion of a -A somewhat biuyu- occurred at Kiny'a ry eitraordiuary un- no« in progress iu irhood — u weiropo- ruuud railway— iho hich is to effect a B great lines of rail- ortli of London, by ailway, the greater
ivill he umltit'iiiMLh the suburbs. At 10 .st inat., an engine
the contractor to ■l- waggons tli rough if the tunnel which
with the Great m j, had hop u brought
STaAK-si}ir"TossTN*o." — T/.uimt
Lives Lust. — The Tunning wu a
tine paddle-steuner, tmdiog he
tween Loudon and Tauimig, wiifa
which placa a largo mi t tie trudu
has sprung up. She l> : .
mi Friday, with it lorga imnitur «f
caltlo (8(10) (Hid 1)70 ■llMD. mi
hoard, ami noma men in cliarg* at
them, llor rravf con
tnenty-aevan men mid a lx>j. At
1 o'clock on Saturday nftrruuuo,
she was about fifty uiile* cast «f
Yarmouth, in tho midii i I
of lisUing bonU oul on I
voyage. While uuwny Ilia fleai,
the sLcwuer hove to Jul* dm fuqiute
of procuring a few 6 ■
crew. She bad not batn huva in
above two or tlirou luiuutcs, wu*u
a tremendous
both her boilers took pl»t
iiiK up her decks, pm ,
NOV.] CHRONICLE. 171
■ion. The turviring wounded the conflagration, an explosion, vera brought W the betch by the probably of spirits of wine and fishing butts, and taken to the varnish, look place, bj which burn- hospital . Of these two, the chief ing materials wore scattered around mate uud a Dutch cattle dealer, and some parsons burnt and in- died. No cause could be discovered jured ; one woman was struck and for the disaster. The vessel was killed. Messrs. Cbappell have towed into Yarmouth Harbour by lost the whole of their valuable the smacks. tools.
4. Debthuctio* of Messrs. 7. Colijiht Explosion hjui Chatpell's PuHorouTK Facto**. Mountain Ash. — A fatal ei plosion — A lire occurred this morning at occurred at the Lower Duffrin an curly hour, in the premises of Colliery, uear Mountaiu Aah, Ula- Messrs. T. Chappell and Co., morgan shire. These collieries era patent pianoforte manufacturers, so extensive, that they employ Crown-street, Solio. The premises, near 0UO men. Of these, about which covered an immense space of 600 were actually at work when ground, were approached by a pair the explosiuu incurred. As soon of gates in Phoenix- street, a nar- us the men were aware that an row thoroughfare, principally occu- accident bad happened iti one por- pied by poor people. The factory tionofthe mine, a general rush was was live floors high, each floor made to the aurface ; ami when a bciiirf tilled nith goods of a cosily muster was made a considerable character; there being also on the number were missing. A search premises an extensive and valuable, was immediately made, and nine assortment of rosewood, maple, dead bodies wore found, dreadfully walnut- trie, and other venter*, as burnt and injured ; and very many well as a vast amount of hard and others yet living, but greatly in- soft wood used in the manufacture jured by the effects of the fire- uf the hiHt mine uts. A strong blast. Of these, three suhea- smell of lire had pervaded the oueiilly died. l)y the side of one neighbourhood for some time; but of the dead men was found bis the premises beiug enclosed by lamp with the wire-gauze removed, gates, the police hud no oppur- and the explosion which hurried tuuity of detecting the site of the ttimsetf and so many of his corn- fire. Suddenly an immense body redes to a terrible death, was pro- of sparks and nsme was shot bahly occasioned by bis reckless- forth from within the gate*, and it nets.
was perceived llist the ahole pre- On December 3, an explosion
inisea were enveloped iu llame, which destroyed three men, took
Although the uiigiue station is place near Man-port. Iu this
clow at hand, aud the engiues case lbs safety-lamps had bean
were got to work immediately, any fwi« extinguished by the foul
attempt in subdue the Haw* was gases, and the men each time
ineffectual ; for curb is the dry aud relumed and relighted them. The
eumhutiible nature of the mate- third time the gaa ignited, ap-
rials used iu the manufacture, that parently by the action uf a lamp in
tbey were ignited and consumed bad condition,
before an effort could be made Iu On the Ailh of the tame month,
extinguish ihem. Iu the midst of two men lost their lives in a pit
ANNUAL REGISTER.
the Gmlsherrie Iron equal recklessness, to wait until report ide thnt the works nd entering a foul r lumps ignited the key were kilted. tonBeny and prompt
■■■HVVi II II uiid |fl
io night of the 9th itches and jewellery jf about 1000/. were e shop of Mr. Cohen, md .jeweller, High- lil, nil.! r few hours era were cleverW lip- id the whole of the ed. Mr. Cohen .has be outskirts of the is family reside. His leep on the premises t. About 11 o'clock Tltt be went home to
cotieealed; they proceeded to il+ residence of the mother of ono of the thieve*, rod wiih another key. til so found About the prisoner*. Id themselves in, nud after a mtnut* search discovered ihirty-four jf.li watches, forty-one stiver walrbu. and about n hundred other ankJn in gold and silver.
11. DEsntrcTiox or ttis Kit iiAKESTREETCLrnHoi.-sK. — Tim IAtm last.— The fomows KtMtn Street Club-house, J r||] been totally destroyed by fir*. The (ire broke out about 4 o'elrek in the worn log. and ■Jlltouflb ou- merous engines were promptly t» attendance, there being ■ fjn?»i deficiency of water, the terior of the building, «ith tim valuable furniture, picture*, and li- brary of 1 &.000 volume-. Ml m prey to the Humes. The plats was cm*
NOV.] CHRONICLE. 173
drovers in charge of the entile. nace of the locomotive; and the The goods trucks were placed nest onlj wonder is, (bet the havoc un- to tlio engine, then followed the dor such frightful circumstances cattle, then the drovers' carriage, was not more ezteniive still. and lost of all the guards' van. The scene of the disaster pre- This train had started from Holy- aented a terrible spectacle. Four r»od the previous morning. The of the hind carriage* of the cattle- other train »as that known as the train were shivered to pieces, and "limited mail" train, also from the fragment* scattered over Uw Edinburgh, driven with far preater line in every direction. The en- speed than the other, so tliat at gine and lender of the mail-train some one point on the road it was were also completely entaahed, and necessary that the cat tlu- train were thrown over into the ditch, should be " shunted " off the line the massive coupling chains being in order to let the mail train paaa snapped asunder aa though they it. At 1.25 on Friday morning were slight wires. The cattle ia the cattle train arrived at Tarn- the trucks were scattered, killed, worth and stopped there about ten or maimed, over the line, minutes ; so that it etarled again On searching the fragments of at 1.35. The mail-train waa duo the carriages and breaks, the bo- at Tarn worth at 1.50, and was al- dies of nine drovers, who accom- lowed three minutes' stoppage, bo paiiied the cattle, were found that there would be about twenty- frightfully mutilated and crushed four minutes between the two trains ---some of them were already quite at this point. From Tarn worth the dead: others showed some aigna lino run* by the successive Kla- of animation for a short apace, lions uf I'olesworth. Aiherstouc. and then they also expired; one and Nuneaton, and atone of these only had sufficient life left to it was evidently indispensable that htm to be taken to a neighbour- ilie cattle-train should get out of ing house, where he also died the way. It attempted to do so shortly. These nine men were all at AthcMone, but was a moment the passengers conveyed by this too late, l'art of the train had train, and were all in one carriage ; got on to another line, but the they were all. probably, asleep, ami guards' van, the drovers' van. ami were crushed to death in that state one, or pr-rhapa two. of the cattle- of insensibility, trucks were still in the way, wheu The fireman of the engine of the tin; mail-train came up at full speed mail train, the only servant of the and caught them. The result i* company who lost his life, waa at exprcHsivclygivcniu tbecviJenreof first supposed to have escaped; the driver who survived to tell the but, aa he waa not to be found, a Htnrr. " The engine," say* be, further search waa instituted, and ■■ avni over the guards' van.' and a the body was eventually got out secouil.claaa rarriage containing from under the engine and tender, the drovers, and one cat lie -truck." together with the carcass of a bul- Of course, every one of the*e un- lock, both bodies being nearly fortunate drovers was killed ; the roasted by the fire of the engine, tiremtin of the mail-engine was and dreadfully scalded by the hot found, with uue of the bullocks, water. dead and charred under the fur- The officials and peeeeogere of
|
ANNUAL REGISTER. [1860 'with the exception poaed that the train eon Id arrive Linale fireman) es- there before the mail. The driver imperatively slight obeyed orders and proceeded. It engine-driver was was a slippery night, and the train iib his engine, hut lost lime. The driver could not hurt. The Post- " shunt " at Poleswortb, because work in their van, the siding is not of sufficient :li shaken, arid (be length for snich a train — and had no !. among whom wag appropriate signals— tM therefore ' Montrose, only re- run on to Atherstone. at which i. and were not at place ho arrived in twenty-five it anything serious minutes, instead of twenty; thus losing five minutes. The driver, Collision belongs whose sole orders were "to make class of preventive the best of hia way," was no* arose simply from aware that the mail could not be 1 practice of cutting far off, and he therefore resolved e]i.-f." The cattle to shunt at Atheratone, where speoial train," and there was a sufficient siding. It no place iii the re- was very true that the 'mail-train less nor was it li- was not far off; it had left Tarn- |
NOV.J
CHRONICLE.
170
tended by the Marquess of La Orange and two ladies in wait- ing: ami took first-class tickets for I.miJnn. Arrived at London Bri'lfip, the party engaged the ordinary street cabs, and drove to Glaridge's hotel, where lliej wen fortunate enough to lind apart- ment* disengaged. 80 privately had the whole journey been managed, that Her Majestv had been some time at the hotel before her rank was known. The Em- press, on the following day, paid a vi-.it to the Crystal Palace, and then went l.y railway to Edin- burgh. It was found impossible to preserve altogether the strict privacy designed: for the Scotch claim the Empress as a country- woman, a Kit pa trick : and the people assembled at all points of the journey to welcome her arrival with acclamations: and at Edin- burgh and Ulai-gi-w the I/>rd Pro- vosts were permitted to offer ad* dresses of congratulation. After n rapid Inur from Edinburgh to DumVld. Tuvinuulh Castle. Stir. Itng and Glasgow, Hamilton lit- lace, and the Isr-fitmed scenery of I.'»-h Katrine and IWh Lomond, the Empress returned to I/mdou by wnjr of Mnnrbe-ter and Lea- mington. On the 4th December, the Empress was received by Her Maj'-sty at Windsor Castle, and returned to London the same day. Her Majesty returned to Paris im the lSili, iu great 1 vim pro ved h-slth.
«. KtSK at tin: H..ISF ..f
('( i|il;rr riOS, ('LKHXKXWrt.l.. — A
tire broke out in the Llerkenwell l'i i--.?>. which was attended by a rerv singular con--eqiici)ce. The buiiilmc destroyed i-ontsined, a- rnong other-i, the room in which the dresses of the prisoners are deposited, when they an stripped
and clothed with the prison dress ; and in which they an required to re-ctotlie themselves on release. As these depots wen totally de- stroyed, some 1400 prisoners will receive a new outfit on their dis- charge.
94. Statue to ntx MasV QtiEss or Asoi.met— Exoixeer- 1*0 Feat. — A bronu statue of the Marquess of Anglesey, who commanded the cavalry at Water- loo, waa erected by subscription of the inhabitants of Anglesey and its neighbourhood. At the Angle- sey end of the railway tube, which spans the Menai Straits, Is an ele- vated plateau of rock on which a handsome fluted Doric column of grey marble was erected in 1811, to commemorate the military achievements of the Marquess. It forms a conspicuous object for miles round. Upon the summit of this column the statue has been placed. It is the work of the sculp- tor Noble, who bus produced a verv tine work of art. The statue is 13 ft. 4tin. high, in the full cos- tume of the hussar of the begin- ning <>f the century, and ia a striking likeness, in face, figure, and mien, of the noble Marquess. The statue was elevated to its position by a somewhat ingenious process. The rock ou which the column stands, presents a surface too small fur Hie erection of the usual system of scaffolds, Ac. II .was therefore necessary la adopt some other plan. Two scaffold- poles were erected parallel to the column, resembling a double matt, which carried a topmast, rising about SO feet higher than the column. On the capita) itself was raised a short mast to the same height. Transverse beams, oa which a travelling track wor'~* Joined these by the bend:
|
ANNUAL REGISTER. ne was ninde as next morning she showe. isibla by bolts and lndy a small basket, am i hoisting was per- she was going to send si ckle-fiil), working on down to her sister-iu-li e travelling truck, child. In the evening a lich weighed 2$ tons, house, saying she was gi lly raised about 70 service. She had alw tackle-ropes twisted, Tested the greatest foi le process to a stand, her baby, and had taken remained suspended eat care of it. ■ half-an-hour, until On tiielOth Septemlx 1 be untwisted. The lady found in the pri 'lit was accomplished bottom of her garden, t ihy. and the appa- a male child. It was rked along tbe trans- much decomposed ; but ho statue was poised shockingly mutilated, ded position on tha had been taken off el lowered, and fixed. shoulder bone, there wi ackney Child Muh- cuts upon the chest, an ■ Central Criminal nose, and ears were n otherwise Emma pressed. It was the opi indicted for tha surgeons that the child |
NOV.]
CHRONICLE.
177
earnestness. Daring the painful suspense of her imprisonment in the condemned cell, her sufferings were truly pitiable. No female has been executed in England for many years : the cam of this poor creature was certainly not compar- able for atrocity to (hose of CeVs- tina Sommer and Mary Ann Harris, who were reprieved; and she had the palliation, such as it is, of " her seduction, poverty, and mental anguish at the time," as the jury stated, when, after de- livering their verdict, they ear- nestly recommended her to mercy. When, therefore, it was announced that Her Majesty had been pleased to extend her mercy to tne pri- soner, (lie public feeling ratified the commutation of the sentence.
State or Ikelaxd. — DiitADFi-r. Assassination. — After a short period of comparative quiet, tha Riband Association in Ireland has put its blood-stained code into full uctiviiy. The summer and autumn of ISOiihavebeen marked by crimes as atrocious as the worst that were committed during the old days of oppression and misrule.
On the '2iud October, an assas- sination of a peculiarly heinous character was perpetrated in Clare. Mr. Sheeliy, an alderman of Limerick— a man of decidedly po- pular opinion and an active public man— left that city for his resi- lience in FeaUe, in Clare. This nas a cottage of small dimensions, situuted on a properly he had
In re based some tirao since in the iticumb -red Enisles Court, and some di-tance from any other dwelling. When Alderman Sheeny wislieil to spend a few days at this abode, ho engaged a woman from the village, who retired to her own bouse at night The alderman consequently was alone in tha Vol. CI I.
dwelling daring the night. On the night of tne tragedy the at- tendant waa dismissed, aa usual. In the morning the cottage waa fouud destroyed by fire; and the ruins being searched, the corpse of the unfortunate proprietor waa dis- covered, almost consumed — the body, anna, and left leg a charred mass, while the skull Tiad partly escaped. It waa at first thought that tho poor man had perished in tho fire that had destroyed his dwelling; but when removing his remains, discoveries were made which placed it beyond doubt that he had been the victim of a moat diabolical crime. The corpse waa lying in a pool of dried blood, with which the remnants of his trousers were also saturated— a strong proof that neither fire nor suffocatiou waa the cause of death. Under the coqise were fouud the barrels and burnt stocks of a pair of pistols. From other indications, it is sup* posed that the murderers had forced open a back door, abot down their victim, and then set fire to the house. Alderman Sheeby, in
Ku re basing bis property, had aught with it a plentiful crop of disputes. He had had several auiis with his tenants, and had evicted some. The police wen aware that be had incurred tha enmity of two notorious factions of the district by these proceeding*, and bad given him notice that be was in danger.
In November, Mr. James Mur- ray, steward of Mr. Adair, of (ilenrie, near Lctterkenny, in Donegal, fell a victim to the land quarrel. Mr. Murray left hie homo on the morning of Tuesday, the 13th instant, with the purpose) of looking round the property. He first put a loaded revolver in his pocket, and told hit wife that
|
ANNUAL REGISTER. peet him home at slaughter a county 1 •afternoon, or there- Mr. Dyas, of Heathsto* as nccouipanied by Meath, in the presen . (i o'clock one dog family. Mr. Dyas was an liour afterwards from church. Ifewass len the second giiiio tbe coachman, the velii bis master, one of occupied by members of prognosticated im- as he drove along t Murray war; not lie was fired at from mantry weta turned hedge by home assassins iL'h was immediately 111 the garb of women, a it was continued llit'ir faces blackened. J following morning was miraculous. Soni at the day. Tim sings aimed at him graz iiifortumuc ninii was sou, and lodged in the t nit halfway down the coat. This was the le of a small valley, tempt made upon his [round at the fop of cause can he assigned fa iff were found foot- rage except the murdero :coguiscd us those of Itibaitdtsm. others of bate feet, In October, Mr. Slato |
DEO.]
CHRONICLE.
179
removing certain tenants then under ejectment."
The local journals teem with accounts of attacks made upon tenant • farmer* and small pro- prietors, who hate incurred the humility of the secret tribunal.
The Whthke. — Storms ami Wrecks. — The month of November has presented no con- trast In the precoding months in respect of stormy weather and its accorapanving losses. In the north of Scotland, on the 31st, it blew a hurricane over Caithness, when ninny \e»sels were wrecked on that iron-bound coast, but in thucHhes mentioned the crews were saved \>y the gallant exertions of the life-boats. Un the 33rd. an- other viol e lit gain was experienced al Shields. Besides the usual stranding of Tyno vessels, a large barque, with a valuable cargo, was driven ashoro under the cliffs of French men's Bay. The vessel went to pieces ; hut the crew were drawn up nisti br nun bf a line thrown from tho'topof the cliffs to the wreck hchiw. On the -JTth a large vessel was driven on IllarL- w.n.r It ink, Wexford; all her rr.w perished. (>n the 14 ih, a sl"ip was capsized in tho Trent. iiikI nil her avi en seamen perished. On the J I st, the OsU-nd and DuTt-r nniil-[sicket rsu down a Scrn.li brig, which immediately sank. In tho month, Ititi vessels anr- wrtckrd nr diiumgcd. hi men ilmwned, and 'Jill rescued.
hKCKMIlKK.
1. Aw,
i. ('•■t.i.it.HV IIxPLnaios ai It.-, a. li-J Urn hit.- A moKt ili-wi-.tri.us roliirry explosion occurred st the Block Vein Pu,
Rises, about six miles from New- port. This mine produces a qua- lity of coal very aseful for steam purposes, but which is highly ex- plosive, and the works have there- fore been conducted — or were sup- posed to be conducted— with great attention to ventilation, lighting, Ac. The pit was examined in the usual manner on tha morning of tho 1st instant, and being pro- nounced safe, about 200 miners descended to their work. Soon after 9 A.M., a terrible explosion was heard far above I ho sur- face; and it was ascertained that the gas had taken fire at some distance in the workings, which in all their tracings extend 3 miles. When sufficient ventilation had been obtained to make a descent safe, the workings were explored as far as practicable. Some of the miners who were near the shafts had escaped the fiery blast, and the still more fatal " choke-damp;" but many who were brought up (o the surface alive died subsequently. As the searchers penetrated the wi-i ks, they came upon the corpses of the perished. By mid-day twilvo had been discovered; bv I o'clock forty more. These were Si'tit up tho shaft, and conveyed to tin ir Isle homes in carts and newlr constructed biers. The aspect of the country when the news of this ti-rrible disaster spread abroad, was such as may be imagined and has often before been described. The women and children left their cottages, and rushed shrieking and wailing to the pit's mouth. ati<l there awaited in conrulsed silence the appearance of the corpses, or sci/ed wuli frantic shrieks the rr< c^iiii. d form of some husband, father, or brother ; and as the bier conveyed the un fortunate deceased to hii former home, the neks and N 'J
|
ANNUAL REGISTER. led to the wailing of ascertained. The vent By Monday night rangenients were so exit night to the surface they were calculated JO ; but many more 48,000 cubic feet of air ] i be accounted for. down the shafts, and w> 1 descended to their by test after the aceid Sty had beeu drawn then forcing 8T,500 cub eighty corpses had minute. Toe inspects I; there remained works was efficient and 6 ihuJ not been found the men were provideii [ dead. These per- instance with safety lati [ijuhi. imprisoned in most approved construi .rt if the workings, these were examined < occur, by the falling by a special ollieer b fs ; but there was were delivered to the ty tbat any one oi It is probable that th alive. Tlie work of catastrophe was occasioi is necessarily slow of the men recklessly es , A largo tam$ of light to the explosive ai i had to be re moved, inquest, numerous insu eroents for the ven- given of the incredible e. e mine bad been of the men. It seeme |
DEC]
CHRONICLE.
181
signs of firo ; the corpse* of sixty- tlve bore the marks of bunia. three were evidently burnt to death ; anil threo died from injuries caused by the" falls."
I. Fatal G dxpowihir F.xrLo- bios at Norwich.— An alarming explosion of gunpowder took place at Norwich, in the shop of Mr. It. Marrison. gunsmith, it1., Orford-
?lnc. Orford-hill. On that day, Ir. Marrwon, placed behind the counter of his uliop. 4fHbi. of gun- powder ami a quantity of fireworks mid hall cartridges, in anticipation nf the demands of market-day. Shortly before 7 imi., Mr. Mnrri- aim went out lo speak to the occu- pier of the adjoining premise*, leaving in bis own shop a youth about 1'J ycHra of age. He had not l<cen absent more than three minutes, when a ten-ilk explosion took place, the whole mllis. of pow- der hnving by anine means become ignited. The results of the explo- hinti were most serious: the shop mid house of Mr. Murrixon was reduced to a complete wreck, and the Mi-ek of guiiM, fie. to a muss of almost useless rubbish. The shop <.f Mr. Franklin, nrinthcller, was almost as seriously injured, the windows Iwing blown out and the ■tin-k rendered valueless. The next -hop occupied by Mr. Boston, pawnbroker, the '■ Napier" tavern, on the i.i her side of Mr. Morrison's t-hiip, nuffend -everelv; the oppo- site n1u.|i front una blown in, and, Miiuuhirlr enough, one of the can- i-t.-rs which exploded came down one "f tlie chimneys, (if course, niniil wi much demolition uf pro- I'-rry, the biinian being* in the rhatlcrcd building* did not remain unhurt. The house in which the explosion took place was disco- vered, immediately afterwards, lo be on tire; the Norwich fire bri-
gade, under the direction of Mr. Hitchman, the chief constable, were promptly on the spot, and a good supply of water being ob- tained, the flames were speedily subdued. As soon as this result was attained, an active search was commenced for tho boy, and after about an hour bis body was found in the drbrit at the rear of the shop. The poor lad was quite dead. Mr. Marrison himself, who, as before stated, was in the shop of Mr. Franklin at the lime the acci- dent occurred, was for some time buried with his neighbour beneath a mass of rubbish. A married sister of Franklin's, Mrs. Dady, was at the moment when the acci- dent happened in a room over his shop, extending partly over Marri- son s premises ; the ceiling of this apartment was blown away, the room generally gutted, and the unfortunate woman muat hate fal- len through to the floor below; she was much injured, fearfully burnt about the arms and upper part of her bodr, and was removed to the Norfolk and Norwich hospital, where she died a few day* after.
A- KxTRAonniXART Murder is a Kaii.wat C'aiuiiaoe i<« Franc*. — Since the introduction of nil- ways into France, more than one person has been found by the guards dead in a carriage, under circumstances which left it doubt- ful whether the deceased had pe- rished by his own hand, or was tho victim of violence. These n Hairs, however, made very little sensa- tion, until— according to the recipe of the rev. canon Smith, fur bring, ing railway directors to their senses, that a bishop should be killed or burnt alive — a judge of high distinction was found in a lint-class carriage murdered and plundered. Tho circumstances
ANNUAL REGISTER.
i to deserve the at- ilway officials, even >f the channel. M. igislrate of high re* Prosident of one of re of the Imperial ,ria on Saturday, tho mtli, for his estate at ut twenty miles from the WwUMldaj eve- g, lie desired to ro- und took a first-cliiss t nighl-rrain of ihfl ilway at the Troves ru Trc.yes to Pi '
i little
!■ LOO
: train wad due at the teniiinu.* at about rrived ihera in iia rso, but when the t opened the door of
The murderer bad dera bis weapous and hi leaving 110 Hue, unless in tho neckerchief, foi aucu of the police, i articles which M Ponu bad with him, were i rug and bag, a garde n gold watch nnd chain. inonnaic. ThtM «cr and their re-anpearatii hubly prove the only detection of tho murdc The manner and tim
ill- ii--.MI.SH 1 1 IT.'.M|..I
discovered mora u*m1j havo been anticipated. station on ihe line befo Paris is Noisy-le-Sec, d Ave miles from the c about as many mile* t.
DEC, CHRONICLE. 183
rubbery. Nevertheless, there vers the train wu moving at a good
circumstances which would have ivace, and though he had eucura-
nitrncted ilia attention of a thief Lcred himaelf with a heavy rug.
t<manli M Poinsot. He had gone He did hurt himself by the jump,
int'i the country to receive his hut not ao seriously U to be pre-
ronts, and might be supposed to vented from limping away and
l« bringing money back with him. carrying with him all clue to hi*
1[<' had a large leathern bag track.
si nipped over his shoulder, aa The police appear to hare had
Frenchmen carry aurh appendage*, a suspicion of the murderer, recog-
ami it waa apparently well Tilled, nixing in the description an en-
At it happened, indeed, the con- raped format named Judd, who.
lent* were not valuable. They about two months before was sua-
were simply Much record* a* m man peeled of having committed a
uoiibl naturally carry to ami fro be- aomewhat similar crime. A llus-
Iwecn his residence iu town and his aian gentleman waa found lying
bouse in the country. The unfortu- on the line between Paris and
naie gentleman had got with him, Iklulhausen. mortally injured. It
besides his I'arfait Janiiu'ur — his could not be ascertained whether
I.oiuh'i. as we should say. — plana he had fallen from the train
of bis buildings, sketches of im- through accident or violence ; but
provemcntH in prospect, and re- m bag, containing Russian and
reiitls for moneys. French notes and coin, his pro.
The ei mm; stances surrounding perly. was missing. In a carnage
lh" d I were exceptional, but one of the cushions was found
iicri-riht'ii'i*, audi as are pos- turned upside down and stained
sible ut any time. It seems that with blond, and a broken knife
when the deceased look his seat beneath it. Sometime afterwards,
at Trove* tbe compartment was Judd being arrested for another
empty, and the train left that sta- crime, there waa found on him
lion with M. 1'oinsol alone iu the Itussiau coins and note*, and
carriage. Afterwards other pas- French money, to a large value,
fccngers. including perhaps the He made his escape from his eel),
murderer, gut in ; but it appears and had nut since been heard of.
to have been observed that at the M. Poinsot commenced life as
last station where the train slopped simple clerk to an svoue at Ilar-
befi>re Noisy ihere wero two p*s- sur-Aulw. He afterward* became
sengers in the compartment, and advocate, and pleaded before the
t«n only— SJ. l'uiusot and hi* Civil Tribunal of Troves. Among
murderer. his clients at that place were the
It was the weariest hour of the family of M. Ca-imir Perier. M.
morning, and must of the pas- Poinsot was So years in the magis-
M-n'jcra would I* asleep; and it is tracy. After having been Procu-
a r<inarkiib|« rircuni- lance, that reur du Itni at Tniyes. he was ap-
allhoilgh lh* rrit-a i.f the victim pointed, in |N33. -nilmitute at the
n< r< heurd the pinli>Ulinlt esrajicd Civil Tribunal of the Seine. Lie
notice. In order to escape, the was afterwards named substitute
■M>as*in bail to leap from a car- of the Procnreur-General of Paris.
nage-drmr on to the line, though and, on the 14th of April, 1*17.
\NNUAL REGISTER
Advocate-General
mrl. He
i dia-
aOthof February, e Revolution), but i May of thai year » judge of the Court 'aria. On tho tlili I, be was named le of tbe Cliiimbors
Court. Tbe ftine- 9 M. Poinsot took hurch of St. Louis
[.aton Mdbijbb. — n Assizes, Thomas t, was indicted for lor of John Uaty on ember last. 1 was a man of dig- much given to dog- 'tting; and was also fellow, especially
lerest enough in tbe name what he had s*« police, therefore, vent t. and found the body m Baty, quite dead. Th> largo wound on tho h the temple; but no bio body or drawers, and tb< were dry and clean. yards nearer to Winla was a '"stream" of bl stone wall bordering tho blood on the edge of opposite the blood on The blow on tbe foreheau as would be inflicted b blunt instrument. -ii:*li preserver.
At i o'clock in tho i the murder, the prison* tbe cottage where b< While there a com pan i
DEO] CHRONICLE. 185
strong give him a shilling; and a skilful examination of the wit- he then Mid he would go straight nesses, attempted to show that the aouth. They then parted. All death of Baty was owing to conges- (lii* time thu prisoner was much lion, not produced by the blow he agitated. had received, hot by drink and
The polke, on search, found tho exposure to the cold: and neat
coat, waistcoat, and trousers, and argued the probability of the story
the Morgan Rattler, in the places told by the prisoner, that he and
indicated, and they woro identified Italy had quarrelled, and that, in
ae those of the prisoner. the struggle that followed, the nri-
In the meanwhile, the con- sorer had struck him the Mow
science-stricken murderer had which, unfortunately, bad proved
wandered away for nights and fatal — thereby reducing the crimo
days liter the pathless fells of the to manslaughter,
north, eter haunted with the fear The learned Judge, liowever,
of pursuit and detection, until, pointed out that even If drink and
from anxiety and want of tood, ha cold had made that blow fatal.
was so incredibly shaken and el- which would not hare been to
tered as to be scarcely recoe> under other circumstances, that
nisable : and arm whan placed in would not make the crime leas
the dock, he was in so waakastalo than murder; and that the adrort-
that he *w allowod a teat, •)■ ted circumstance, that Maty had
tlwugh a witness described his stripped the dead body of Ita
former person as a ■* lusty-looking clothes, waa quite inconsistent with
labourer, like the people of the the suggestion that the death waa
district." He found a temporary the result of merely a drunken
rent after ten ilaya of Cain-like squabble.
wandering at Port Mulgrase, in The jury, after a long consnlta-
York.hire. Bat, either impelled tiou, found the prisoner Qutlijf at
br some old associationa, or by a wilful murder, and be waa eon-
chance that looks like a providence, fenced 10 death,
he look lodgings at the house of a 8. Thk Unnmi Minn — At
previous acquaintance. The die- the same aatixos, Milnwr Locke?
Inct had been much eiciled by the waa indicted foe tlto wilful mursta
narrative of the murder, and the of Thonsaa Harmon, on the Sttfth
knowledgo that the police were of September last.
engaged in tracing the murderer About nine miles from Durban,
through the wolds. He was dial- and a mile from tho ffianwln
leuged with being the fugitive, and Durham road, is a mill called
end made no attempt at denial. Urpeth Mill, attached to ahich fa
He waa then wearing the coat and a snail cottage. Tbte cottage con>
waistcosu, trousers and booU of aists of two rooms, one above the)
the murdered man. His captors other. The upper one ws* occupied
took him to Gateshead. as a sleeping room. A person named
The pri»oner had engaged "» Bell lived at the mill, and in Ihsj
oouuirL and the Judge, according cottage. Sirs. Leeker.tbe pnaoner'a
tn the merciful practice of the Kng. wife, and three ehiUren by a former
liab oiuru. assigned the defence to husband. Tho prisoner end nh>
Mr.I^ddell.aneminentiiarriatnrof wife bad been married abont •
that circuit. This gentlemen, by yaw ; bat to
ANNUAL R E G I S T Ji H.
9tli of September,
Ig inkrjii plucre, llifl
ier. About this lime bankrupt, and liar- Maid, wbo ha<l been r, but bad been ob- a in consequence of
eye. was put in poa- bailiff, ud went to i. Lackey's cotuige. a bed in the lower jjeke? and her chil- hr upper mom. The r leaving his wife, i Bt LeH/in^lliijnir.' >m his conn;rsalioii jvideut that he was dons respecting )m ■man. On the 30th
left Leazingthorpe, g through Durham. 1 Urpetb. bought a
mid gave Harrison * ■ breast, from which die mediately gushed oal. this wound the deceased mother then ctoBM M i' souer, nud, after ft viol gle, surcoeded in getunj from him. Alarm * and in tho mnfaMn Ui disappeared, mid nut again till thi- g«t mon ho wns found in an outl the mill. The prison*! fore the magistrate*, mi tnent to the effect t)ia Mrs. Loekey iu the bod risen, and that it mi jealous he was mad.
On this suteinout, at initiation of the circuuu
firiaoner a oo tinsel 1m»c ence; because if. wh«
DEC.l ■ CHRONICLE. 187
hia death under such eireutn- theman'R jacket, M'Brian called to
sinnrcs as, after a full and fair him, "Holloa! what are you off
consideration, would reduce the with then?" The man upon thia
crime to manslaughter. turned round, and, asM'Bnansaid,
The .jury, after long considera- " shot slap into me." The charge
lion, returned a rerdict of (hiilty of the gun lodged in the part of
(if wilful murder; and sentence of the arm between the elbow and
death was passed. iheahoulder.enteringilin a maaa,
Itoili the unhappy convicts, and inflicting a large wound, into
Smith and Lockey, pnid theprnalty which a button, torn by the force
of their crimes on the STth De- of the discharge from M'Brien's
rember. .Smith, during the in- coat, and also a portion of the
tcrval since hit) trial, had exlii- lining of the sleeve, were driven.
Inti'tl the same feeling that had Not withstanding the severity of
driven him to wander, f<>od less and the injury, M Brian managed to
shelterless, uerthe wilds until his reach the house of the Rev. Mr.
rapture : he was utterly broken by Moore, which was near the spot,
terror and remorse. Ixxkey, on and knocked at the door. Mr,
the contrary, seemed senseless to Moore, on being roused, looked at
hit position , and indulged in a a clock at the foot of his bed and
rockless levity. Yet. strange to noticed the time, which was sii
kit, on the scaffold, the tempera- minutes past t. He led the
i nen t of each seemed reversed, wounded man in, gave him a little
Smith suffered with patient firm- brandy.' bound up his wound as
in1**, while Locker's mental nnd well as he could, and sent him in a
pliv-ieal strength seemed to have rsrt. under the rare of the groom,
collapsed, to the lock-up. where M Brian
8. Tub Wibbhto* Mi-rher.— lived. M Brian gave a descrip-
At the Lincoln ensiles. Thomas lion of the man who had wounded
Iti< hnrdfton, labourer, was charged him, and on the following morn-
with the wilful murder of Alei- iug, a Superintendent Manton
nn.ler M'Rrian. by shooting at him and another police constable went
on the a&ih day of October, at to the house of the prisoner.
Wjherton. The deceased, a police which was about 4 SO yards distant
man, ws4 on duty on the night of from the spot where the shot had
the 'Jlili of October, and the been fired, and there found a
(■mine of liii brat lay through double- barrelled gun, the left ber-
Wvherton churchyard. It ap- rel of which waa still loaded,
1 "ii red from a deposition made by while the right barrel had all
dm before the magistrates, and in the appearance of having been
presence of the prisoner, thaiabout discharged within 34 hour*. A
I a u. on the uith, while going billycock bat waa also found in a
fil"tii; a tiathway by the church- back kitchen of the house. The
yard, he saw a man, who w:it a shot found in the wounded man's
Mrnu".rr|i>him, sud who, upon his body corresponded with the shot
ppproarh, pulled a billycock hat, in the undisclisrgcd barrel of the
nni'li be wore. o\er hU face, and gun. The meat damnatory piece
slued off. Noticing llist there was of evidence waa very singular,
something bulky in the pocket of Some pieces of printed paper.
INN UAL REGISTER.
[I860
|
Iges, and smelling |
spent the afternoon in drinking at |
|
lore picked up on |
various places, that he had com- |
|
(he policeman bad |
mitted tlie act under some sadden |
|
fcy had evidently |
impulse of intoxication. |
|
L which bud been |
12. Double Murder at Atjjer- |
|
Fer the powder niid |
shott. — A ttbe Winchester Assizes, |
|
h'hev were pieces |
James Johnson, it private of the |
|
iTimes newspaper. |
list Regiment of Foot, was in- |
|
dicted for the wilful murder of |
|
|
Id bnrrel of the |
Owen Chipt, at Aldershott, on the |
|
lit was found that |
29th September last. Besides the |
|
1 of precisely the |
indictment for the murder of Ser- |
|
ll on comparison. |
geant Chipt, there was a second |
|
Inamea of 11 list |
indictment against him for the |
|
lind served in the |
murder of Corporal Coles, at the |
|
ligu. which were |
same time and place. |
|
llmviiig been torn |
When brought up and placed in |
|
leres picked Up in |
the dock, the prisoner, who is a |
|
1 were exactly coin- |
very young man, slapped his bands |
|
Ices found in ilie |
mid made strange noises, to try aud |
|
1 gun. |
make those who beheld him believe |
|
1 produced in evi- |
him to be insane. The learned |
DEC] CHRONICLE. 189
Sergeant Chipt. This was ten or each man, an anon aa ha cornea
minutes before I heard a shot. In homo after ball practice, to clean
a short time 1 heard a shot fired, hi* rifle ; and it i« the duly of the
and the prisoner wo* then facing officer in charge to aeo that the
Chipt's back, with the rille on hi* rifle* are unloaded. The primmer
hip, and tho muxxle towards the bad a good conduct ilripe. The
sergeant a hack. Tbo sergeant riflea are examined before we are
jumped up from the form and made dismissed, but aometimea the/ an
a grasp at the rifle which the pri- not examined at all.
•oner had in hi* hand, and he aaid, William Sutlille. a private in the
"You villain, yau have shot mo." tint. corrobo.*ted tba evidence of
Corporal Colea put hia hand to hi* the laat nitnest aa regarded the
breatt aud »nid, " My God, I am dcalha of tba sergeant and the for-
•hot!" Both the men then fell poral. "A splash of blood cams)
down dead. About 7 o'clock that op lo my fee*. Whan I wund I
morning Chipt told the prisoner to waa out hurt I ran round the told*,
go and clean tba lire-gnu*. Chipt and another private was i«kmg ibt
told him bo waa not doing it pro- nllo from the prisoner. I said,
party. He said be could not polish 'You arc after shouting ibe aer-
it. Ho then took a dirty brush geaut and (he corporal.' Ha add
out of the coalbox and rubbed it he did not intend shooting tba
over the grate. The colour-eer- corporal or any other of the
Remit, wbo waa atanding by, said Ha did not mention
he had a groat mind to con line Tba cap must bo pat
him, and Chipt said bo would put Johu Morley, alao a private in
him in the guard-room. Tho pri- the 4I*t Regiment— I hoard tba
soner aaid ho would rather be put rifle go off; I took It from tba
in the guardroom than threatened, prisoner, and then arixed him by
C'bipt ordered him to be taken to hie two arms, and said, " You've
the guardroom, aud he waa put in allot two men." He said, " Yon
the guardroom. Ha afterwarda need not fear me: I did not intend
relumed, and aaid he bad got 13 to do you any barm nur any other
days' extra drill. I m» htm a man, only for the ouo. 1 am aorry
little before I o'clock with his rifle, 1 have shot John Colea." TWa
hut I don't know what ha waa was Just after I totted him.
doing with it. From the eridsmcatif tba colow-
Croaa-examtned — I hare known sergeant, it appeared that tbe nri-
tho prisoner since March, 1H58. toner had many rounds nf ball
Us baa been in the regiment e»er cartridge in his ammunition ■■inirk;
mice Every man keep* hi* nwn and that after he returned from
rifle at the back of hie cot. which lha firing-party on tbo *i*ih. tba
is fuldt-d up during the day. That colour-serge* nt ■« that the pri-
i- *hen they clean their rift's*, aantt washed oat hit nfle. and the
We all dined in tint bum room at water pouring out of tho nippb-
tlie sum* table that day. After hole,
dinner I saw the prisoner rubbing After the {
tho barrel of bi* rift* wilh hi* svaninrd b* pretended to be drunk,
handkerchief, cloae (o bai out. 11m and turabUd about; tmtwben tahta
prnoner hod been out the day bo- loth* poJua *l*jti**i ho walked well,
Lr* at ball practice. Itialhednty an) wx. ***)!* **iL
ANNUAL
i stated that when ho tbe unfortunate
i of the gaol slated at died the prisoner ladbcon committed, iweseeu any syrup, t.on of mind. The of feigned from ue- 3 a part of medical
r'e counsel said lie . to set up i usually ; riurmte wjeurreueo dent. The prisoner wine liia rifle from oaded ; it had not I, and the witnesses liad seen him dean id as to the occasion.
GISTER.
this skilful move in the fnliowhig circular is the Prefects:—
■ Monsieur le PreJet, — Tho Bn> peror, as made known by a notice inserted iu tl.<
lGih instant, has decided thai from the 1st of Jamiaiy niiir. aini by reciprocity, the subjects ol the Queen of Great Britain and Irf- land cninuifi into Franc*, will 1m admitted to circulate nn the ter- ritory of the empire mt bout pass- ports. I request you, iu c.o**- aaeuue, to give the nocmsaff instructions, that English subject) may be received in France on tiic simple declaration of tbuir nation- ality. Such among lhefu,na shall desire to bo provided with ami ' which will allow litem to < the advantages which ara a to foreigners provided with ]
DEC] CHRONICLE. 191
or f;e Hilar mo. Us will enter a Reg. F. D.,' and for the reverse
tutvn as though lie were not a sua- impression the figure of Britannia
pcctcd miilefiu-tor. am) quit it with- seated upon a rock in the tea. her
out a vii^ih? suspicion tlint ho is right hand reeling upon a shield,
trulclicd as though he may liavo and holding in her left the trident,
stolen something — no mure two* with a ship and pharos in the dia-
franc [lieces 10 the eomiuiuionaire, tance, and the inacription ' one
11- more detention at a dirty penny.' with the date of the rear;
auhorge until he ahall have been and every auch halfpenny piece
tolled, while tiia ateamer leaves in having for the obverse impression
her wake two while lines across the aforesaid effigy and inacription,
■he W no Mediterranean, or his bi- and for the reverse the figure of
weekly diligence climbs the Alpine Britannia, with the same emblems
sleep before his eyes. ns described for the penny, and
Tho exemption in favour of the inscription 'halfpenny,' with Kiigli-huicit must necessarily tend the date of the year; and every towards a general abolition of tho such farthing piece having for the M-U'tn. Knglishnicn abroad, what- obverse impression the aforesaid (iw their imperious behaviour, aro effigy and inscription, and for the et rtainly nut evil-doers : and the reverse the flguro of Britannia, exemption will probably be ex- with the aame emblems aa de- fended to foreigners of all lands ; scribed for tho penny, and the in- thence to Frenchmen themselves, scrintion 'farthing,' with the date mid jTiiluibly with no ill results; of the year ; all which said moneys for the evil of the passport system of bronze or mixed metal have M, that while innocent-minded been and shall be coined in a persons are careless as to the mixed metal or bronze, composed regularity of their passports, and of copper, tin, and r.inc : and are therefore subject to detention, whereas pieces of money of the r-iiini » and conspirators are careful description aforesaid have been In hive everything en regit, and coined at our Mint, and will be :ir.- linn excused the necessity of coined there, we have, therefore, tiiting an account of themselves, with the advice of our Privy Should it |in»f that the safety of Council, tlHiught tit to iieue this 1'riiih-e ii it-* compromised by the Proclamation ; and we do hereby Ji-c-iritiiiiiiticc of this vexatious ordain, declare, und command that ky-to-iu. the other Governments all such pieces of money of bronze will probably follow their example, or mixed metal so coined, and to
17. Tut. Xmv C'liNAiiK. — Ilf be coined as aforesaid, shall be
mi (Jru:x — A I'koci.amatiok. — current and lawful money of the
"Whim*,, H.— Whereas we Kingdom of Great Britain and
line thiiiight Tit to order that Ireland, and shall pass and be
lenaiu pieces ->f money «f brouxe received as current and lawful
nr iuixi i mils) should tie coined, money of the said kingdom, every
which should lie called 'jbiiiiv such penny piece as of the value
pi. i *-■..' ■ halfpenny pieces,' and of one penny of present lawful
' fanhiiiii piec.s.' every micIi penny money, every such halfpenny piece
hating for the obverse impression as of the value of one halfpenny
our elligy Wrested with the in- of present lawful money, and every
f Million ' Virloris 1' <>. Britt. such farthing piece as of the value
ANNUAL REGISTER
10 of present lawful
i.lr.l tlld
i pay-
ill be of the value of ■ale aforesaid, or lake halfpenny or farthing ' one payment than ie value of sixpence aforesaid. Given at Windsor, this 17th mber, 1800, and in ■ of our reign. 1 save the Oueen."
!R AT WoLVERHAMP-
io Slufford Assizes, ijg, brie May e
the wilful murdei
1 the
pal witness in tliii
and put a chair behind it- T'* prisoner was awake, and tilting ■ the screen. The d«ccued ontu down and tried to get pritoner it bed, but he nuuld aat go, ««4 U lay down on the wnMn. Jio n* drunk. The witness made (W prisoner comfortable, and pel 1 chair for bis legs. WitneM puDftl one shoe off and the deoeMJ another, and they then both wen! up stairs to bed. In about a qoar- ter of an hour the prUontr tall** out, "Sim. get up and get a light* The witness refused. aaytng He hai to ha up at 4 o'clock, but the it- ceased got up, and vrsa poking it* fire, and then she came 10 tbe bottom of the stairs, and said " Ok. Sam, ho has stabbed me." Wit- nesH beard the prisoner aay, " Gin us a kiss, Polly," and immediate)*
DEO.J
CHRONICLE.
A statement made by the de- ceased to the Magistrates on ber death-bed fullj corroborated this account.
The prisoner, who on hia exami- nation by the Magistratea seemed overwhelmed with remorse, and had merely said, " I waa very help- less drank," now Appeared very submissive to his fate. When the judge assumed the ominous black, cap, he kuelt down to reooire sen- tence with patient resignation, and waa raised by the gaoler; and when his doom had been pro- nounced, was led away in tears. He was executed on the Oth Jsn.
18. Tnx WEtramaTKB Put. — The annual performance of a Latin play by the Westraiuster scholars, has been anticipated with eagerness by many generations of Old Westminsters, and hss always proved a favourite spectacle to ststesmen and divines, who recall the year in which , now Secre- tary of State, or -, the present
Bishop of — — , played Cboarea, or Sosia, or Sostrata. The selec- tion was always confined to the Pht/i of Terence, and of these the Aitdria, Eunuektu, Adclphi, and Phormia, followed in almost unin- terrupted succession. This had one or two very great advantages. The scholars had the opportunity of learning the traditionary stage- action, knew what points told, and wlial characters were best put for- ward or thrown into the background. The auditors knew the plot, the leading points, and were in sym- pathy with the youthful mimes. sud wore ready to throw in the needful applause where they knew that am>lause was expected . Both, probably, derived the greatest ad- vantage from their familiarity with the language, and acted and under- stood as in a speech not * '
Vol. ML
19S
enterprising Master introduced the Htcyra, or HtautOHtimontwnat, though from Terence's familiar volume, both parties, especially the audience, followed the dialogue with tardiness, and the point and ready answer were wanting. This winter the scholars have ventured beyond Terence himself, with a success creditable to themselves and their instructors, and bsvo performed the Trinummtu of Plan- ts*. The prologue and epilogue, both well spoken of as classical compositions, referred to the pro- posed removal of the Behoof to some other site ; the latter waa a very capital sequel to the play. In the comedy, the principal character is a young spendthrift, who haa sold all hia estates, save one farm, which be refuses to sell at any price, on the same principle that induced Charles Surfsce to refuse to aell the portrait of hia uncle. In the epilogue he is introduced as continuing his msl- practices, and attempting to sell die precincts of Westminster School ; the ghost of Dr. Busby rises to protest against this profanity, bnt his perturbed spirit is appeased by the assurance that whatever else is sold off, the birch will be retained.
19. Ten Saville Libum aid Makubcripts. — In the reign of James the First lived three learned men of the same family. Sir John Seville, one of the Barons of the Exchequer. Sir Henry Saville, Pro- vost of Eton, well known as the editorofStChrysostom,andoftb« collection of English historians known aa Scnptoras post fiestas*, and Sir John Saville, the younger. These gentlemen were the ances- tors of the present Earl of Max- borough. The librarisa and mano-
*--- of these soholsre oases by
scripta c
|
ANNUAL REGISTER [1800 tie possession, and of his workes, " The Assemble of I intact until the Foulea," " Proverbes of Lydgale," they have now been Ao. : woodcut in title, black letter, :1m hammer of the woodcula, very line copy ;" at JLou- A porliou of the dou, in Fide Sirtte, by Rieharde ising works of dis- Pynaon," n. d. ; 0. " The Boke of ty, early versions of Troylus and Cresyde," newly print- iptures, rare early ed by a trewe copye, woodcuts, black t editions of Greek, letter, woodcut on title, very large alian classics, and copy; at "London, by Richarde ud rare works in the Pynson,"n. d. ; in 0110 volume, ex- ments of literature, "teedingly large copies, with uncut December. Among leaves throughout, original ao- i produced the great- pressed calf binding — \Sbl, "The n, were: — " Brevi- Booke of Common Prayer; the i ac Metropolitane Psalter, or Paalmes of David, after acensis;" " Parisiis, the translation of tiie Great Bible;" iault,"anexceasivelv black letter, 4to. By Robert f an impression of Barker, anno 1001. "The Whole ir copy is known to Booke of Psulmes, collected into nifui condition, nud English meetre by Siernhold, |
DEO.)
CHRONICLE.
186
old oak o»/an, in its primitive
covering of goatskin ; sine loco, ant anno, aut typog. (circa 1488); an exceeedingty rare book — 301. "Mieeale ad Oram Celeberrume Ecclesie Eboraoensis, Op U mil Ceracteribus Ilecenter Impressum, Cum Pervigili Msximsquc Lncfl- bratione Mentlis quampl uribus Emendatum, Sumptibus et Ex pen- sin JohaooU Gftcwel," lie. ; Oli- vier (liouen, 101(5); folio, black letter, with woodcute, in the origi- nal oak coven); impreeeed sides. Printed bv -M. P. lloiivier;" a volume of" the moat extraordinary rarity ; not more than three copies are known to exist — SOW. " Par- kerue (Matt.) De Aotiquitate Bri- tannic* Eccleoie, et privilegiie Eccleeis Can tuarieneis euro Archie- piscopis ejusdem 70;" a moetrare volume — S5 guinea*. The total amount produced by the sale of tbie ancient family library wee 3130/. The books, though rare and valuable, were by no means the most valuable portion of the Seville library. The manuscripts were. many of them, of singular interest, and called forth great coinjwtition when offered fur sale in February, 1SUI. Sixty-live volumes, many of them in a very dilapidated stale, produced no leas than 3<JIW. The following were the inoet interesting: — " Henrici Iluniingdonensts His- tona Anglorum," manuscript on vellum, written in the reign of King Stephen, prior to his death, probably in HIT, as it does not column the last six years of hie nigu-Ulii/. Another cepr of the
<•» history written in the 14th
rrniury, and having a continuation l-j iht year IJuU-ITW. A Nor- man-French Chronicle of English Allaire, in verse, written on vellum, prior to the year 1800— 360J. "Vita S. Augustini," followed by
'Ven.BedeVitaS.Cuthberti.'Vita 8. Columbi, Vita> 8. Oswaldi, 8. Aidant et 8. Edwardt Confessoris," mannseript on vellum, written about 1 160. imperfect — HOf. " Folcardi Mouse hi ViU at Mi- racula 8. Joannis do Beverley," manuscript of the 14th century, on vellum— 811. "Tuatio EcoWnt- aetioa Spiritual ium et Temponv lium Anglia, temp. Edwnrdi I. (1393-98)," an official document, as by it not only were the Papal but also the King's taxes collected throughout all England. This cony is very curious, as it fixes the value of the various livings at about one-third mora than that published by the Record Commission from a similar record existing in the Bri- tish Museum— Mi. " Beds* Hie- toria Ecelcaiaatica,* written in the 10th century on vellum, for the priory of Kirkham, Yorkshire — 100/. " Nonnsu-French Chan- sons," written before 1800, and formerly belonging to Sir William de Horley (with his autograph) — ISO'. "Charlemagne," a poetical romance, in Norman-French (the famous Aipremont), two copies, both written about litOO. but prw- seuting considerable variations in the readings — each 1001. A curi- ous volume of English poetry and prow, including verses by William 1 Jclifleld, Parson of All Hallows, who died in 1447, Chaucer, Ljd- gate. Ic—m.
30. Boilfh KxPLoaioK iw Har tor Coujkut.— 93 Livxa Lost.— An explosion of a very serious character occurred in the Helton pit. in the Wear coalfield. The working bad been discontinued far a few days, while some repairs were executed, and the furnaces ware extinguished. On the 30th it wan again put in work, and the niuniu. about 900 in number, resumed
ANNUAL REGISTER.
[1880
3Ccu pat ions without
■ork in the evening, of "Btonemen," or ided for the purpose ie road and rolley t. About 9 o'clock i6c explosion. The not appear to have wo instantaneously, f them found their i shaft, though some ;d by the way. Ar- haft, they signalled hove ; but the state md machioery was issistauco could be : they were there- to an anxious delay hours before tiny ht up to the surface.
ton, at Leeds, on the 8th of Octobor last, Willi intent to murder him.
It appeared that the prosecutor is a grocer and drug-dealer, carry- ing on business at New Wortler, near Leeds. He lived fllonr at hi*
Elace of business, and occasionally ad a charwoman, the | wife, to clean up his house. She was perfectly aware of his habits ; that he dwelt alone in the house, and that he received n con- siderable amount of money (torn his customers on Saturdays. On Saturday night, the 6th of October. while the prisoner's wife was still at the prosecutor's house, tbfl |>ri- soner called for her. He worn a crape hatband round bis lint. Tbt> prosecutor Isnow 1 ' the following
l routm um nnt. inp now him welt. On
; liny Hi" |i[.>,i
DEC] CHRONICLE. 187
the head, which knocked him down house. On going up stain to his and put out (he light. Ho was bed-room, the bed was found to be stunned by this blow, but was not turned over, and the room ransack- rendered iuscusible, and he imrae- ed to find money or valuables. On difttcly attempted to get up, when the floor of the bed-room was be received another blow on the fonnd an old hat with a hatband head. After this blow he was not round it, which did not belong to conscious of other injuries ho re- the prosecutor. On being exa- ceived, but lie still endeavoured to mined, it was ascertained that the get up, and caught hold of the prosecutor had firs scalp wounds prisoner and grappled with him, on bis head. Three of these ap- arid both went down. They strug- pea red to have been inflicted bj a gled together all round the room, heavy instrument, and the akull > being uppermost, was fractured by one blow. A i the other, till at heavy blow from a hatchet such as length they got to the foot of the was found'under a chair would be btuira. There the prosecutor began likely to cause such wounds. Then tu feel weak from loss of blood, were other wounds on the head and ho shouted out "Murder!" and a stab in the back affecting the and the name of Mrs. Horner, his vertebra. An opposite neighbour nest-door neighbour. The pri- who was aroused by the noise saw ■oner then covered his mouth with the prisoner leave the house ; his hand to stop his cries, snd the within Imlf-an-hour of this time prosecutor bit bis finger or thumb, be was seen at Beeston Rhoyde, a and in the course of this struggle village about a mile and a quarter the prosecutor was himself bitten from New Wortley, where his me- nu the nose by tbo prisoner. The ther lived, going towards her house, prosecutor then gave over strug- and then had on a cap ; and it was gling, and the prisoner ran up the observed by one witness that there stairs snd into the prosecutor's was a mark of blood on the left bed-room, and was heard by him knee of a pair of black trousers stamping about the room. The that he wore. He wore a coat contrived to crawl into buttoned up to the neck. A step, i his hands and knees, brother at his mother's house was snd to his shop door, which he awoke by him a little before 6 tried to open, but he ould not undo in the morning, asking him to lend the bulla ; and, fcariug to go back him hia coat At that time the into the sitting room, he went down prisoner was in his mother's room, into tbo cellar under the ehop. At 7 o'clock the prisoner was which was used aa a warehouse, and taken into custody at hia own contrived to open the cellar-flap house. It was discovered that his dour, out of which he got into wife had pawned a pair of black t'rus*- street. On coming into the trousers, and the left knee of light, fur it was just break of day, those trousers wss found to be li<> Lund himself covered with smeared with blood. On examin- bl-H»l. Mrs. Homer had heard the iug bis fireplace a quantity of M'utllc and ran into the street in ashes, the remains of burnt calico, time to recognize the assailant as were found. A waistcoat was found he was leaving the bouse. She by the police marked with stains a-tsisted Mr. Lnpton into hia of blood, and that waistcoat was
ANNUAL REGISTER-
[1800
tailor who made it defer the prisoner re. The hatchet seen tor's house whs g to the prisoner's Jer a mat close to at the police-office i*as found open, the it and marked with aoner had a wound * thumb, He waa imilM'iW of the pro-
i the man." The was in great dau- ree weeks. On the ecution it was sug- ie motive for this go was Ihe expeeta- r ; that the savage- sck waa in order to ■entcertainidontill-
The father and mother were al- most frantic, knowing tbmt the three children wore in the second- floor back room, and could not be approached. As soon as the fire was subdued, tiremen Yelbuid and Ford went in search «f the miss- ing bodies, aud found Sarah Hopps. 12. Elizabeth Hopps, *, and Henry Hopps, fi, burned to a cinder.
The Cold Ciimstbub. — The admirers of " real Christmas wra- ther" will never wish for aoch another example of it bh waa af- forded by this Chi-istmm of 18(W>. The cold set in with great tntra- sity during the previous week, and several very heavy falls uf anew covered the landscape with it* snowy mantle, which Uy tmdis- tinlied for several weeks. Th*
DISC] CHRONICLE. 199
mer llovnl tnkes no account ; and Serpentine and other froien wa-
a gleaning from their correspond- ten. whose reckless behaviour
oni'c nil) preserve lome interest- Hpuileil tlie harmleas amusements
ing purtiiulnrs. The morning of of the we 1 1 -disposed, and rondeied
Monday, the '44th. had boen ile- the night spuria dangeniu* mid
i-idcdly frosty; but towards tho blackguardly, (ireat masses of
evening the i-old bncamo intense, ire »r froien enow floated on iho
and t'hriittmns t>e was the coldest hosom of the Thamea in luug
niglit. and Christmas Day the odd- Hunt, routing a loud roaring noise
est day. recorded for fifty yenra. ns they ground together. At low
Mr. Lowe, of the Nottingham t'b- water, when the masses were
aervaturr. sends "a report of ]>cr- aground, it was poeaihle to paaa
li< 1 11 i hit tiKvt extnutrdinnry raid across the river by leiiping from
ever known in England — e treed- herg to berg: and where weira or
nij! I'Vrrv record but one. and that bridge*, or oilier obstruction*,
record is generally thought to lie prevented a free current, similar
erroneous, mid. indeed, thought ace u Inn union* took place: but the
(■> be a degree of cold impossible ThamHS waa nowhere froxen over.
in Kn .-land. This mnmlng (Christ- All trallic, whether by steam -boat*
iiiiis Day) the temperature at four or Urges, waa stopped,
feet mIhivc the ground waa m deg. In the country districts the ca-
M"ir ;er«. and on the grass 1 it'll nala were frozen up: large maaaea
deg. ln'K.w iteni. or l.'i s deg. of <>f ire rlioked the eatuariea and
frost " Th<' liev. Mr. I'm**, of rendered navigation dangerous.
Ilritfg. in l.innd ii shire, recorded The Severn and the Avon were
— 11 dec. under a ihed, and — 1KH completely frozen up; the former
on grass At Wallingford the above Worcester, and the latter
thermometer *to.»l at zero at throughout it* whole courae
7. .'in \.u. At t'tii'adle. in Staf- through liluurestenihire and War-
ftrd-kire. a thermometer regis- eeaterthira. The rivers, owing to
tend 1*> deg. trlnu- zero; at I'm- the previous wet weather and the
tiieuii-k. near Kdnibnrgh, 1 1 deg. thaw, had flooded the adjacent
Mi'* tern. country to a great extent : the
Tb>' ice iti the I'arks became bo shallow water* were now froien,
thick a- to put danger out of the and were converted into immense
question, and the surface was field* of ice. In Essex all the
rmwded with persons who enjoy- marsh-land* in the neighbourhood
pil their sport* with intense eager- of Loudon were thua glaaed over.
n.-,. (If lata year-, the favourite Everywhere the freezing of the
time for this e»« Trine ban Wen the water- pi pen oecaaioned the groat-
nilllit . am) by the clear light of est inconvenience. In the lake
the mo.iu torch- rare*, -piadnlles. district the raid waa moat aevere.
Hiid " ire railway traiiiH ' wt-rv e\e> Derwenlwator waa froien over,
i-ut.-.l wiih gnat effect. The trees presenting a beautiful oval Hour of
were illiiiuiiiiiii d by paper lanterns, icr. three miles and a half long by
lire* blii/ed on (lie ice, mid lire- I wo miles aide. At Berwick a
w-rk- -parkled and exploded in moat dim reusing incident is re-
ait ilireciiiiiis liiforinnaiely. aa r><rded. Five industrious men put the frost ii 'tilitiued. crowds of out to tea to fish. When the* at-
■■ roughs found their way to the tempted to re-enter the Tweed the
ANNUAL REGISTER.
[I860
ing masses of ice, t the strong current ,83 iu Hood— barred A dense fog pre- ople on shore, who ies, from permviiig In this frightful ed about from 8 p.m. ['hen their cries were e. At daylight the ed up in a sinking he poor fishermen
mforhinate persona, rts of the country,
0 have been frozen cense flocks of birds
1 in flight — particu- and red-wings; and i died by thousands haustion,
it cold on the cele-
At an early hour the next morn- ing the Park aud Toner Runs Qred tins usual salute.
Extraordinary Ocor wiench *j Dublin. — A strange tnlo cornea from Duhlin. " On Timntday a persou in the garb of a gaotle- nuui culled at the establishment of Messrs. Hyani aud Co.. Doom- street, clothiers, aud gave orders for the supply of & large q tin n tut of ready-made clothing, which be ordered to bo sent to his. hotel. He paid 5s. as a deposit for the bona fide character of bis order. Had left Air. Hyum's L'atnblisamcnL The goods were duly forwarded bjr a porter named MulholUnd. Tbi» porter, while conveying th« good* to their destination, was met bra young toati of dark complexion. and apparently of about SO rem
DEC] CHRONICLE. 201
muted? The stranger replied and thai baffle suspicion end pre- ' Yes.* and while Mulholland wu vent detection ; end doubtlees, the Marching in hie pocket for a match, poor porter, whose body wee dee- drew a pistol from hie vest, end lined to occupy that pit, would, in fired it into the porter's fece. The ell probability, be supposed to have weapon, which was loaded with a absconded with the money paid to conical bullet, exploded so near him for the goods intrusted to him the person of the intended victim for delivery. The pistol with which that it singed his hair, and the ball the intended murder was to have passed through the cartilage of his been accomplished lay open the nose, and lodged in the plastered ground, near the stable door." wall of rhe stable. Mulholland. on The Dublin police immediately being shot, fell to the ground, and recognised in the description of the on his attempting to rise he was villain a youth of respectable eon- gmppled by the assassin, who at- nections, but irregular habile. Ue tempted to strangle him. In the was traced without difficulty, and struggle which ensued, Mulholland arrested. His behaviour was as got the follows finger in his mouth singular as his meditated crime, and bit it severely, and then called When put on his trial he pleaded out loudly for help from the police. Ouillg; his friends intending to The assassin, fearing detection, apply for a mitigation of punish- made off, possibly overhearing the ment on the ground of insanity, approaching steps of some ceVsta- 30. Launch or the Idox- blcs who came up speedily on hear- cased Like - of - Battue Ship, ing the outcry. Mulholland was " Warrior.' — There was launched conveyed to the Richmond hospi- to-day, from the yard of the tal. In the stable to which Mulhol- Thames Iron Ship-building Com- land had been inveigled, when light pauy, a fighting ship, which was obtained, it was at once per- for size and armament, offensive ceivi-d by the constables for what and defensive, surpasses any en- lerrible purposes this stable had gine of war that has as yet Boated been taken at rent, a week ago, by on the seas. Should the Warrior, the assassin and hia associates, who and her sister-ship the Black aro supposed to have come over 1'rince, constructing on the Clyde, here from England. At one side prove as adapted for maritime war- of the stable, near to the wall, a fare as their designers anticipate, (•rave was recently dug ; the shovel the whole naval system of England and pickaxe which had been used will be changed, and vessels carry- fur providing a grave for a man yet ing a few enormous guns and clad living remained on the margin of in impenetrable armour will super- die excavation, which was about sede our noble two and three- »ix and a half feet in length, five deckers, built with so much science feet in depth, and about four feet and at so great expense. in width. The arrangements for The first suggestion of ships the ' burial' of the victim or vie- to be covered with plates of mad, mna. as (he cue might be. seemed and armed with guns of the moat to be tolerably j*rfeeL The large formidable power, is claimed by atones were carefully put aside to the Americans, by whom some ex- serve as an upper covering to re- peri men ts were tried at the public new the pavement of the stable, expense. The Emperor of the)
kNNUAL REGISTER.
[1880
skill in the science e\\ known, ordered eries cased in iron
Btion our Go veni- ui r similar vessels ed. The French, ,rt. brought their lj against the for- irn with complete vessels were not the close of the imt on the stacks, b, mitt in their ince been <■■'■,] only il targets. These ved the excellence listen for resistnuce ite impmintrnbilily the meanwhile, our ere urged to adopt
in depth : her tonnage — build are' uiessure — 0177 ions | ninl ttm Mtal with her engines 9000 tons ; h-r engines of IJiOO horse-|iow^r. H»r lines are designed for speed, and it is calculated she will steam over 1* knots an hour. Her metliiwl ttt noo- st met ion is new. Jnslrar] nf a kul, there is *n immenwi girder nf wrought scrap-iron, 1 J inch (hick, and 3 feet C inches deep. To this are bolted the man! re ribs- beams an inch thick, taut several feet in depth, placed (wtci-pt where spaces are necessary for port li.de* i '2i inohes apart. The main dank and upper deck urn of wnmatit- iron, caned with wood, rained nn wroughl.iron hr*m», to which the rib?, Ac., are all bailed a* one piece. The ship ie firet bail) complete as an or dinar* atouN*
dec.] CHRONICLE. 208
that euch ii her strength, spaed h In * double-banked frigate. At and momentum, that she oould at preeeut arranged, it mil consist run down, crush, and aink a Beat of thirty-six OB- pounders, 95 owt of line-of-bsttle-ehipein succession guns, on the main deck, ten Arra- — Ill* fore part ia strengthened by strong 70- noun do re on the upper no less than eight iron deck*, with deck, and two Armstrong 100- aupporta and diagonal brace* in- pounders on pivota — in all forty- numerable. The note or beak of eight guna. But probably the the ship is adapted for this terrible smooth-bore guns of the old impact, being one immense slab fashion will be speedily aoperseded of wrought-iron, SO feet lung, Id by Armstrongs or Whilworths, or inches thick, and weighing nearly whatever more powerful engine of ■21) tons. Even this forging is ex- offence science may devise. These coeded by the mess of hammered guns will be worked on a new de- iron, without flaw, through which scriptionof carriages, combining the the screw works at the item, and two advantages of the slide and the which weighs 40 tons. The length pivot; the main deck port sills of the ship is divided into nume- will be 8 feet 0 inches from the rous water-tight compartments, of water — those of the Glair* on but which the bulk-heads separating d feet 9 inches, the fore and aft divisions — tbo Experiments have shown, that only part where danger is to be an- although it is possible, with bolts prehended — from theflghtiughull, of cold wronght-iron meed with nre built of iron plates and teak steel, to perforate it inch plates «f the same thickness as the ship's of iron, or to crush them it) upon sided ; so that were they riddled their backings, yet for all prae- byshot.orkiiorkedawayaltogether. tical purposes the armour of tbo the main body of the hull would Warrior is likely to prove irapene- remsin complete end impenetrable treble. To produce penetration, so ever. Within the sides of the the bolts must be fired from a vessel are two longitudinal bulk- very abort diatanoo, and the im- heads, the spare* between which pact must be in a straight line, and the sides sre galleries fur com- otherwise the shot will glance off. mimical inn. These afford the The great speed and command means of stopping sny shot- holes, of motion derivable from steam, should anr chance to be made, and should prevent either of the** eon- bring divided into compartments, ditions. Hammered round shot at would confine any leakage within abort range merely indent 4) inch a small snoce. The Warrior can iron pi at**)— east -iron round abut carry in her bunkers fuel for BJ an broken to fragments. Plate* days' full steaming ; but with a have been broken in when struck Utile ettra atowege, would leave many times new the same spot;
jBirt with coal sufficient for nine * * -
days. Hut she will not, of course, defend upon her engine*. Kb* will have masts and ysrds of iron tul'intf, and will carry a large
expanse of canvas. powers of a ship clad in inn
The armament of the ICarrior armour, the advance* in the seisin*
will be carried upon two decks, of destructives have roodsiwd ian-
ANNUAL REO
[1800
i necessity. Shells in of such terrihle fleet of wooden Hue- would be blown to L lo ashes in half an ild be move proper y " fieets ;" for two
it each other, would mutual destructinu. shells (Armstrongs iuch size, and filled i mixtures of such ien they burst into ;raents each piece utum of an origiual i are filled with a
which ignites on :he air, aud cannot i by water. Others
filled with molten ■eads and lodges iu
tract from that superiority on the seas, which we havo so long pos- sessed over all other nations.
AkMSTUONG ^l> WmTWOBTH
Guns. — The tremendous wen pom referred to in tlio account of the Warrior — the cannon of Sir Wil Ham Armstrong and of Mr. Whit- worth — should have somo cxpUn*- tion. The gun invented by the former has been adopted by tile British Government, aud factories have been built and machinery net up for their manufacture, at very great cost. The gun of Mr. WMfc worth has not. as yet, gono beyond the experimental Hugo ; but the result of the trial* lias been Ur show that it is a weapon of won- derful range and accuracy.
The cannon of each of these in- ventors is so essentially different
-
DEC] CHRONICLE. 205
plete turn, in lengths varying with followi that only shot of * certain the diameter of the gnn. All the length can be used. In the Whit- guns above 18-poundorsnre hooped worth, on the contrary, it is con* round with rings of iron forced on tended that shots of any length, or by hydraulic pressure — an addi- a charge of powder of any strength, tional strength which is apparently can be used indifferently : or any not required, and which in weight number of shots can be placed one gives the Armstrong guns of the over another. Thus a 13-pounder same calibres a moat important can be used to fire a 12 lb. bolt at advantage. The breech-loading a long range ; the bolt may bo arrangement is a binge at the end doubled in length and made a 24- of tho gun supporting a hoop of pounder at medium range ; or three iron, in which ts the breech or cap or four 13 -pounders may be placed whirh screws on to the end of the one over the other, as in the old piece. Tho shot is of cost iron, " double-shotted " guns, and in form precisely like a nine- The Armstrong gun has been pin, with its thickest part at the subjected to many trials. The middle pared off to lit with mecha- 19-pounder field gun, adopted nical precision the hexagonal sides for tho service, end which has of the bore. Thus tbe projectile scted with such terrible effect on has a hearing surface on the whole the Tartar troops, at 7 degrees of of the barrel, and runs freely in or elevation carried its shots 2900 out of the gun, so that in case of yards ; at 8 degrees, 3795 yards, an enemy's shot striking the breech and at 0 degrees, upwards of 30U0 nnd jamming the screw, or other yards : with such accuracy of aim injury i° it. the gun could be used that every shot but 4 out of 40 bh a muzzle-loader with the some would have struck a target 9 feet futility as an ordinnry smooih-boro square. The charge of powder is field-piece. This in not the ca*o 1 1 lbs. ; the weight of the gun with the Armstrong, anything hap- 8 cut. The Armstrong 1(J0-
Crning to the arrangement of the pounder weighs 70. cwl The
recrh at once rendering the gun longest range obtained by lbs
timeless nil another breech it fined Armstrong is something over U000
on at the factories at EUwick or yards, with a 3*3 lb. boh, and 6 lbs.
Woolwich. With the Whilworth of powder. Such is the facility
gun there is no chamber for the with which it can be handled that
reception of shot and powder, snd the 12-pouuder, with trained men,
no rinjiH— an advantnge of (he ut- can be discharged three tiroes in
nxiM importance. The Armstrong °5 seconds.
chamber adds to the length of the The quality in which the Arm- gun, without being rifled or assist- strong excels sit its competitor* is inij in ini[->lling the shot in any that it can be used as readily for niiv Wiih ihc Whit worth the gun throwing shell an shot. The shell i« rifled throughout its entire is a terrible missile, lty an ar- Irngtli from end to end. and o*cry rangement in its construction it inrli it n-e.l to aid the flight and bursts into any number of pieces give rotation to the projectile, of any regulated size; and in ex- Prom tlif chamber in the Ami- perimenta it has been no uncom- strong being of a certain size, it won thing to nod that one shall
ANNUAL K E G I S T E It.
[I860
0 holes in a co- t at 3000 yards—
irth
lost the Whiti on tlte sands at oushire. The range iceeded Oj miles, rt'tis insufficient for >wers of the gun ; ! in the aea far be- The guns pxpe- vere a Impounder, a id an P0-pouuder.
ttniued a maximum irds ; at liO degrees. ; 10 degrees, 4UB1 4, and 9J mile*! ;uracy leas marvel- nge— at 95H0 yards eral deviation was arda, at 9015 only
exceed' the Armstrong in i but does not equal it iu a.:ei The Whitnortli 3- pounder l_ feet in length, and weigh* MM II-.. wkha Imro of I .J inches. The 80. pounder is 9 ft. 10 in. long, weight 4 tons, and iu Lore 5 inches. The 12-pouuder ia 7 ft. 9 in. in InngOi. weighs 8 cwt.. and its bore '\[ in.
Bank Bate of Dutronirr. — The rate of discount fixed liy the Directors on the 31 ih Ma; (4 prr oent.1 remained unaltered to lac 8th Novembnr, when it wu raised to 4J. Ae Consul* wore »t the very fair price of 9»|. the gsom had to ho looked for etaewben. and waa readily found in the lots niahing decrease uf the bullion in the Hank of France. The account showed a net withdrawal nilbit the current year of 3,(100,0004.. k
E
DEC]
CHRONICLE.
207
back by mother, and on the 29th our Bank reduced lbs rate of die- count from 0 to & per cent. Con- sols, throughout these fluctuation! of discount, maintained an even price — between 93 and 93 j.
These oscillations in the value of money, accompanied by such steadiness in the price of the public funds, was held to indicate that the trade and commerce of the country were legitimate, and con- ducted, speaking generally, on a souud basis of capital and pru- dence. Oue remarkable exception from ihii rule is to be found in the gigantic failures in the leather trade. The firms of Streatfeild ami Co,, Laurence, Mortitnore and Co., held the very highest posi- tion in the rank of merchants — evLii the Bank of England had no suspicion of the rottenness of their credit. Their business transactions were immense ; the; were con- nected nilh numerous houses in ton n un J country ; and their drafts on their correspondents were ea- gerly competed fur by all the dis- count establishment*. Suddenly, nil thin credit collapsed, and with the groat house* Tell all their ad- junct-. Si rtalfeild and Co. stopped nilli 7MI.IMKW, of indebtedness; Laurence, Mortimore and Co. with upwards of SlJlt.dOW. ; J. II. Smith and Co. lflS.non/. ; Smith and Patient, i"7,titH>; T. II. Morti- iu»re. 9S.IHHW. • (iib*on and Co., |.Mi.unni. The targt failures in the leather trade amounted in all in up«nrd« of two million* and a- I, .If Hrtides the**, the principal f.iilurt-H ncre those of Me»-r». Ii.iti.-Hud IV. hankers, of Shure- ilih-li. 1 |ii,<Ht0f. ; and several i-itatnichtn, wIium stoppage ma brought about parti? by the long |>rotrarted strike ai the builders lost year, and partly by the great
rise in the price of all building materials.
TlIK WxiTDKH or THE QrjlB-
tkr. — The weather of the Autumn Quarter was unusually cold, and from the 8th December, intense. About the middle of October the temperature of the air fell below the average, and throughout No- vember was not less than 9* In defect. In the beginning of De- cember, on lbs other hand, there was a considerable access of warmth, the air being on the 5th and 6th 9* above the average. Thii made the intense cold of the latter part of the month more se- verely felt. From the 18th to the 93rd the cold was from 7* to 10* below. Christmas Eve and Christ- mas Day were accompanied by the moat intense cold experienced for very many years. The aith was no less than IS*, and the 95th 16" lielow the average ; and again on the 29th li- in defect.
The cold of this memorable Christmas Day was not, however, equally intense in alt parte:— the temperature, indeed, varied in a vc ft remarkable manner. The tem- perature of the south coast was be- tween 17* and 30": gradually decreased to 8". 7", and (*•, in the latitude of all*, and to ll» (tan) in let. SI* SO*; waa between 0* and 3- between the parallel* of .">*"■ and 61" ; at Nottingham, the lowest reading waa noted as 8* ; and above the parallel 54", the readings gradualfv increased from (Vtoia*.
The following were the readings marked at stationa in the neigh- bourhood «f London : — Ijewiaham, 7* 5 ; Koval Obstrvatorr, 8*; Re- gent's Park. ID* (I; St. John's Wood. 11- ; Leyton, !• 8. At Brighton, S-; Oxford, I*; Great Berlthampetead.B-; ReyatorslM :
ANNUAL REGISTER.
[I860
': Lampeter, 5° 4; Derby, 2°; Holk-
Nottiiighani —8"; ■8°;Liverpool. 10"; -2"; York, -4°; The following places iterness of the frosi, being, Guernsey, i, 32"; Truro, 20";
Isle of Man, 34° ; ugh, 16°, aloug the dinburgb, the gone- J was lfi°.
temperature of tlie
n of tlia atmospliere B8 to have been the f that of England. haw on Christmas aermometer, ou aub- iveragcd 30° to 3S°
the marriages increased ; slightly increased- 063.43O dtO dren were registered in the year. or 3418 to every 100 ptnnB. Taking one day witli nnniin r throughout the year, 1867 children were boru daily. 439,600 neman*. or 2113 per 100 died within lb* year. The natural itu-re&sj* of tht population of England and Wain m I860 was. therefore, 980,6 I souls; or 713 daily. If the natu- ral increase of Scotland and Ire- land is iu the same proportion. the daily additions to the popula- tion of the British Inlands will be 1069.
The price of provision* in the Autumn Quarter was its fallow* : — wheat, &6». IU. per qr., or 31 per cent, higher than in tlio a
DEC] CHRONICLE. . 209
for, whereas the decrease in the 1000, and the Boards of Health former rate h.is been from 25 hate been more effective in tha to 23 per 1000; in tha latter it city than in the country perishes, lias been only from IS to 18. As it may be Mid that unitary science the average of deaths to popu- has saved one person in every 1000 lation for the hut ten years waa from unnecessary death. a-J per 1000, and in 1800, 21 per
Summary of tk* Xumbtr of Person* killed and injured Jrom all cause* on all th* Railtrayt opt* for traffic in England and WaUt, Scotland and Inland, from Iks 1st January to lAe Hit Dtcmbtr, I860.
Killed. Injured. Passengers killed or injured from causes beyond their
own control 80 479
Passengers killed or injured owing to their own mis- conduct or want of caution ..... 16 18 Servants of company or of contractors killed or injured
from causes beyond their own control ... 17 47
Servants of company or of contractors lulled or injured
owing to their own misconduct or want of caution . 104 91
Other persons creasing at level crossings ... 26 1
Trespassers S3 9
Suicides 3 —
Miscellaneous 7 5
Total from all causes 25S 980
Miles. Length of railway open on the Slat December, 1880 . 10,158 Diitu on :ilst December, ]«MI 10,001
Increase of mileage during the year .... 157
Collisions betweeu passenger trains 13
Collisions between passenger trains and other trains, or
engines 38
Passenger trains running into tidings, or off their proper
line, through points being wrung 2
Passenger trains, or portions of trains getting off the rails 1 1 Axles, or wheels, or machinery of engines attached to pas- senger trains breaking or getting out of order 9 Tyres of engines or carriages of passenger trains breaking . 3
Springs or couplings breaking I
Hunting of boiler* of engines of passenger trains —
Trains running into stations at too great apeed ... 1 Trains coming into collision with gntes or carts at level
Things , 3
Tumi accidenta to paasenger trains . 58
Tutsi accidents to goods and mineral trains ... fl
Total to all trains 74
Vol. CII. P
|
LIC DOCUMENTS. TREATIES. VTIONAL. 11. FOREIGN. I. INTERNATIONAL. REATY OF COMMERCE WITH FRANCE. rE iiEsrEcTiNO THE informed me that he had had a r oe a Treaty of lonR conversation with Mr. Cob- irprn France, den, which might lead to yen vl*UtoItBr<tJ-/liu important results, if. as he bad |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
211
the French Government wen bound by a public declaration made two year* ago to continue the present prohibitive system until the 1st July, 1861.
British coal imported overland to be admitted at the name rate of duties aa Belgian coal. Sea- borne coals to be subjected to the present duty for five years, when they would be assimilated to coal introduced overland.
The duty on iron to be Aied at a maximum of 90 per cent, ad mtorrm.
The d ntie* on linen and articles of that nature to be reduced from 80 to 15 per cent, arf rnlorem.
On the other hand, the British Government to engage to admit alt article* of Parisian manufac- ture, and silks of all kinds, free of duty ; to reduce considerably the duties on French wines, and to admit French brandies at a duty which should not exceed the excise duly levied on spirits distilled in Great Britain.
Such, said Count Wolcwski, was in a few words the basis of nn arrangement which had been laid Wore the Emperor, who was ili.»pi>si'd to submit it to the de- liberation', of the Council of Ministers. But before doing so, it liccnnic liecr ssary that His Majesty should know will) more certainty the views of Her Ma- jesty's Government, since it would be useless to discus-, a question which, after all. might not be entertained in England. The Emperor, therefore, had desired Count Walewski to see me, and to request me to write, confiden- tially, to your tiOrdship upon the subject.
In the courseof the con venation. Count Walewbki said that neither the Emperor nor himself had
overlooked the advantages which might result to the two countries by increased commercial facili- ties, as nothing would tend more to allay the irritation which un- fortunately prevailed on both sides the Channel.
I told Count Walewski that I would lose no time in writing to your Lordship on this Important matter; that I believed that Mr. Cobden, although acting entirely in a private capacity, had reasons for knowing generally that Her Majesty's Government would not be indisposed to entertain the qnestion of a Commercial Treaty, which should be reciprocally ad- vantageous to both countries; but that I was not aware how far the question had been discussed.
I cannot doubt from various conversations with which I have been honoured by the Emperor, that His Majesty is sincerely bent on accomplishing this commer- cial reform.
I have only to add that if Her Majesty's Government decide upon pursuing the negotiation, it cannot be entrusted to better hands than those of Mr. Cobden. The merit of whatever may be effected will rest solely with him, snd it is but fair that he should have the satisfaction of putting his name to the final arrange- ment. I could feel no jealousy
I have, Ac. (Signed) Cosrurr.
No. 2. Lord J. Ruufli to Emrt Cowlq and Mr. Cobden.
FMm Ollet, Jaaastv IT, IMC. My Lord and Sir,— Having re- ceived from Earl Cowley an Inti- mation that in an interview which he had had with Count Walewski P a
N U A L HE
), that minister >es on which, ac- iewsof the French i Treaty of Cora- je concluded with 'e now to acquaint Majesty haft been >j>oint yuu jointly tiiu-ies to nugntifttn I therefore pro- i to you the views v Majesty has been 1 by which you will in the use of the aave received. 's Government are lat although the ide, and the con- fer labour in this ach as to leave no isity for oppomnii- in, yet the enlarge*
stood, and would powerfully t assure (lie public mtnii In I' various countries of Kimigte.
On this account ller Majesty I Government arc prepared to en- tertain s negotiation on such a looting as will, tln\v trust. Rm promise not only of u fjiv.juntbli' but of a speedy isann. Tbo changes which, ou Unir pun ii will be proposed to BtwO, will not be treated by llu-tu oa sacri- fices, unless, indeed. In a focal point of view, of British iitU-n-U. to be compensated bv similar sacrifices on the sido of France. For it is their fixed belief Out the most substantial intaresU of the two eounlries will in general be promoted as well by what Hit Majesty's Government wight offer, as by what they arc to n-
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 218
very important, productions of productions, where fiscal con- France. These productions are sidcrations will permit it, and iiul, in general, articles of such reduction to the lowest practica- primary necessity, or of lucli uni- ble point, together with the on- vernal use among the people of tire abandonment of any pro- file, I'nited Kingdom, as to en- tectivc impost on behalf of a title them on these grounds to British, and against a French, Hid first attention of the Govern- commodity, where fiscal con- itiftit. shlerations will not alio* total
They am selected then for re- abolition,
lief, in part, indeed, upon com- Having stated the basis which
■nerria] grounds, but in part also appears suited to the proceeding,
because of the collateral effects 1 have now to mention certain
which we anticipate from the con- reserves which Her Majesty's
elusion of the Treaty. Government have to make on
Her Majesty's tin verm cut con- behalf of England, and which,
sider that in measuring together they presume, the Government
the chances to he reciprocally of His Majesty the Emperor of
made in the Tariffs of the. two the French, may also make on
countries, it is cpiitable to take behalf of France,
into view the relative as well Too freedom of each Govern-
us the ab.-olnte nature of those mont to regulate trade in all
Tariffs. matters lying beyond the stipu-
The nite of tin' French Tariff lutinns of die Treaty will remain
is high duly, in general, with a entire: but it may be well, for
lars.v measure df absolute pruhi- the purpose of avoiding niisap-
I ill ion. prehension, to specify points
The rule of the l!riti»h Tariff which might otherwise remain
i- low duly, in general, with a open to doubt. The two Govern ■
large number of articles nhso- menu will he free, fir example,
lulelv free : and likewise, with a to extend to all countries the COD-
smull number of moM important cessions they engage to make to
exception-, of articles upon which one atiotlier, and this extension
high duties are iiiitMtBtil fur fiscal ail), on the part of England, pro-
punHKHS. bably he effected by a aimulla-
Taking these as the respective neons act points of departure on tin- two The two Governments are to be side». Her Majesty's (ioveminent at liberty to regulate all tlie ©un- it re prepared to admit, as op] vars ditions of import and export, as ii]-.. in lie the opinion of the to place and otlierwise, for par- Irtinh (internment, that tlie titular articles, and to designate prop< i basis for the operation will tlie ports at which any branch of l» .hi the side of France, a gt-De- trade may be carried on, of course nil tniti-ili.m. so fur as Hrin-h with reference to the due eco- i-iMiiiiiixlilien are coiicenii'd. from in mi v of Customs establish men la, proliibilioii or high duly. In duties which does not ]«ennita trade int- iii a imider.ite rate : and on lite pusilig difficult and costly duties siil.' of K.uclainl. the total almli- on olticera of the lie-venue to be lion of Customs duty oil French carried on except in places of
4NUAL IIE01STEB, I860.
esort anil signifi-
ibolitiouor limit* ould not preclude iraent from im- uu'ls such rlnu'gos in tliis country by ,tes or dues, and as iot lor the purpose ;eneral revenue at jade, but merely ain or to mitigate edupon tLe public try establishments
i ay be requisite to time at which the anges shall take b side of Kti'jbiij'l. i Government will with respect to all which are to be set
duty, and the duty to tor the short tntervonina period shall not exceed one-half of die duty now in Sana, while, a* wo believe, il will also be trilling in reference, to the value of Uio com- modity.
But the great balk of the changes would, as 1 hove said, be made immediately ; and if there should be any minor excep- tions of this description 1 haw named, they coulil not esUod beyond the 1st of April, 18fli In one instance, however, of au important article on which die duty is to be not abuliabod but reduced, under the Treaty, a par tion of the change propoacd vrill stand over till the Ht of April, 1861.
Her Majesty's tioveronini an
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 215
pilv by necessity postponed, ther term ; but there ere articles which niey be fixed for the com- admitted on the li»t of the French mencement of the change from Tariff, which might be. or actually tint prohibitory system towards ere, now exported from thisooun- one of practically open trede. try, and with reepect to which it They feel yet more anxious in allowed, u Her Majesty's Go- that nmonti the commodities not vemment understand, that the now prohibited by the French duties are too high, end ought to Tariff, a portion, at least, com- be reduced. In this chuta of cue* prising some considerable items, there ie ao essential change of should be selected for early reduc- principle to be mad* by tho tiou, and should not await the French Government, and I am comparatively remote period when at a lost to conceive any reason alone tho relaxation of positive which could justify in itaelf, or prohibition can commence- Ad could explain to the public in allu!iionia,indeed.madebyOount this country, the postponement, Walewaki to British coal; but for a lengthened time, of all reduc- such is the market for that com* tions of duty to which any im- modity both in this country and portance could be attached, abroad, that no public interest In the progressive reform of would lie excited upon the quea- the English system, it has been tion whether the duty charged on found by experience highly inex- it in France ia to be high or low, pedient to introduce long inter- or whether the remission is to be vals of postponement, which peri- immediate or postponed. Indeed, odically paralyze the operations there still remains more or lees of of trade, and tend to inspire un- a disposition, which formerly was certainty when all ought to ha strong, to view die export of coal definite and clear ; ana it is only with jealousy, or even to subject under circumstances of great tw- it to fiscal restriction. Rency that any interval at ail hi
Mer Majesty's Government required, hope you will find no difficulty in The spontaneous offer which I
inducing thu Government of the have authorised you to make with
Emperor to enter into their views regard to proceedings on the side
on the subject I am now treating, of England, places beyond doubt
That Government cannot fail to the value we attach to the prin-
feel that, after every allowance ciple.
liaa been made for the difference I repeat, that yon need not ask between the two points of depar- the Government of Franca to
ture respectively, it is m-coattary adopt a similar promptitude aa tliat there should be at least a iu general rule of operation : bat partial approach to comMpon- you will press, with all your power, ■lence in the limes when the pro- for the reduction of the duty on -pective arrangements are to take some important articles of British effect. export, aa essential in order to
The repeal of prohibitions will realise in rail the salutary effects .-land over in consequence of a which Her Majesty's Government pledge; the transition to low anticipate for the duties may possibly require a fur- Treaty.
Government pro- 18 principles which lown as their guide
C mode (if dealing ies importer! from
three commodities ( Government of without donht. first importance, y, wine, and silk, ct to brandy, the is 15*. per gallon, nt to which, for any -, Hut Majesty 'a Go- 1 propose to reduce d be lOj. per gnl- i on British spirits under the reslric- :ciae is 8*. per gal-
tho duty on brandy to tb rate as that on lit i 1 1 brought from the Colonic*. namely, 8*. 'id, per gallon.
It would be necessary, however, to rewrve, with a viow to tilts article, the right of increasing the duty by an equivalent amount in case the domestic duty should be increased ; and probably thb might best be done by n goo an] provision authorizing either Go- vernment to impos« on tba im- portations into either of the two countries respectively, notwith- standing the terms of tha Ttealj, any duty not greater in anumnt than may at any given lime be payable on the corresponding article of domestic or coloniu production.
The rates to be specified in the
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
217
if containing 40 per cent, of proof spirit, or upwards.
•J. Wine , containing 98 per cent, niiil upwards of proof spirit, but under 4D per cent., to pay a duty not exceeding -it. per gallon.
!). Wino containing 13 per cent and upwards, but under 30 per cent, to pay a duty not ex- ceeding U. Off. per gallon.
4. Wine containing under 13 per rent, to pay a duty nut hi- ceeding It. per gallon.
b. Wines which are drought over sea in bottle* to pay a duty not exceeding 'it. per gallon. These wines are commonly of bigb price, and it is important to diminish, an far as possible, the necessity of testing them by the process of distillation, as it spoils, whenever applied, one of Uie bottles.
0. Wines imported at any port other than such ports as shall be designated for the purpose from lime to time by Her Majesty to |'iiv a ilutv not exceeding -is. |>er gallon.
Her Majesty's Government in adopting this arrangement have had the following objects in
They wish effectually to open the British market to cheap wines of a sound character; to maintain Mitne degree of relation between the rates of dutv on various ruuses of wine ami their values: to preclude tlie inducement which ■in uniform duty of very low amount might offer to the intro- ductton of spirits in the form of nine; and to avoid the serious injury to an important and pri- mary' branch of the British re- ronld lie the eon-
r.pn-I
■of.
A scale Urns atlju<ttcd would, it is hardly needful to observe, be
eminently favourable to the intro- duction of wine from France, as the lower wines from that coun- try would enter at the duty of Is. The regulation that wine im- ported in bottles should pay St. would enable Her Majesty's Go- vernment to accede much more readily to the plan, as it would obviate the very serious objection that would be felt in many quar- ters to any schema which would admit at Is. Ad. the high-priced clarets and champagnes which are consumed exclusively by the rich, and should impose the higher charge of 3». on the port, sherry, and Marsala of the Penin- sula and of Sicily, which are,' even under the present system, known to and relished by the middle classes of the community.
With respect to the third great article now under consideration, namely, silk manufactures, the Queen's Government will propose to Parliament an immediate and total repeal of the duties.
They will proceed in a similar manner with respect to the whole of the extensive and diversified class known as manufactured goods, whether enumerated or linen itinerated, subject to the single and slight reserve I have described above, of a power to make, if need be, a very small number of special exceptions for a short time.
Of the articles which it is in- tended thus to liberate, I send yon herewith a list. You will find that, besides manufactured goods, that list contains some articles of produce which an specially imported from France
The Queen s G o vernment th ink it right you should be apprised that they may, perhaps, think it
INUAL KECilSTEK, 1860.
DM to I'arliiunent i of a duty which m exist on raw : article i* largely e article of coffee, ly taxed, and from proportionate mi- ni advantage which of that arising from y, so that by giving uceinentto substi- ir coffee, it largely i revenue upon the without any corre- fit to consumers. ■on chicory, roasted id upon hops and ■tides which must the Tariff, will be
et to the general fa of the Treaty,
moll duties of Excise may he shown to tnuil. 1 have to add, that over and
above what Her Maji vi'iuni'.'iit will ati|iul*Uf byTreaty, to submit to Parliament, thenr are certain article r, of iim.iu-- such as butter and eggi, which must be treated will) n. new U fiscal purposes alone, hut uu which it is the desire of He* Majesty's Government to aboliah the duties, either during uV coming session, or when the cir- cumstances of the £>xcheqiw may permit it.
With respect to a point of im- portance in the form of the Treat}', it is, as you will have observe! from the language of tbeae at slructioiis, the opinion i Majesty's Government I
p
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
218
contingent on the adoption of the proposals by Parliament.
If Parliament adopt the views of Her Majesty's Government with respect to (lie general grounds and policy of the proceeding, a very short time would probably sulfite to convert on both sides what had been conditional into what should be positive, by the fulfilment of the condition.
Should the Government of Franco propose to provide by the Treaty only a rati- of duty ad riilunm which tho Tariff is ulti- mately to reach, with an engage- ment to convert this general standard, by a supplemental in- strument, into specific rates, you will hear in mind the great im- portance of stipulating, in clear and definite terms, for such con- ditions as will insure a due rela- tion between the contemplated tlutieii and the price* in open market- We cannot object to taking tliu prices in tho country of import as the basis of the i-hargi- 1 but those prices should lie tho French prices under a njtitetn of competition, and not under a system of prohibition. The aim ot Her Majesty's Govern- ment will bo sufficiently attained, should it he provided thai in the event of failure to agree upon rated duties, tho method adopted hhall In- to charge the goods ac- cording to the prices actually tilling in tile French market at tho time.
I u only remain* to refer to the lime for which tin- Treaty in to he in force. Un thin subject you may defer in a great degree to the* wishes of the i>ovemuiem of France. Her Majesty's Govern- ment, i>n their part, by no means object to a period of ten or even twenty years. Bat particular
care should be taken with regard to the .eventual power of giving notice for its termination, that the language conveying that power shall be free from am- biguity.
I am, he. (Signed) J. BUBSELL.
No. 1 — iurtW
rttpteting (a* Negotiation of m TrmUy of Commurt* with Frmnot. Lord J. RuuMl to EtH tow**; and Mr. Cobdrn.
Fcni(n Offics, Jaaaarj 88, IBM.
(Extract)
I have great satisfaction in conveying to you Her Majesty's entire approval of the efforts which you have respectively made, under the authority of Her Majesty's Government, to place the commercial relations between this country and France on a sounder and more satisfactory footing than that on which they have heretofore stood, and Her Majesty's Government are firmly convinced that no measure could have been better calculated to secure die permanence of friendly relations between the respective Governments and the subjects of the two countries, than that which, through your exertions, has now happily been brought to pass.
There are, however, a few par- ticulars in which the provisions of the Treaty an not aa precise a» it is desirable that the terms of so important an instrument should be.
The first point arises in Article II., where the terms employed are, " English coal " and " En- glish coke "(■• '
S'NU A L REG ISTBR, ISGO.
'• British 1 can bo no doubt ies understood that ■tiling for "British" ; but to avoid leav- iny question on the is desirable to stilt- ■d 'British," which seil in other parts , for " English." e conclusion of the stipulated that the on importation, nd or Baa, on coal the expiration of >m the ratification '• shall not exceed now paid by Bel- This would be very luty now paid on vas uniform. But
the duty on Belgian coal i vied in France, they arc BCU to leave witli you the ttitccrrtann of dealing with it as circum- stances may appear tu requirr. The next point regard* Uv additional 1(1 per cent whi.-h n is provided, by Article IV., *h»|! be paid by the French Custom- house over and a hove- the de- clared value of goods wbleb it may claim to take in eonpe- quence of presumed sduirt de- claration of value. It is right that you should explain tu the French Plenipotentiaries thai 1; has been ascertained Ijy sui>»=- quont enquiry that instead of 1* per cent, being paid, as it b lieretofore was, in this country by tlie British Cu--t under such ciron instances, th*
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 221
But if at any future time it think it would be better not to
should bo necessary, for purposes leave such a question as the eon-
of revenue, to increase the duties structiou of the Treaty on so ira-
on British- distilled spirits, while portant a point open to doubt,
the duties on French wined, con- The next point is to be found
tainiug a large proportion of proof in Article X., which reserves lo
spirit, remained unaltered, the re- each Government the power of
suit would be highly prejudicial levying " landing or harbour
lo the British revenue. dues, in order to pay the ex-
Wliat, therefore. Her MajeBty's penses of all necessary establith- Government desire — and the re- nients at the port of imports- quest is so reasonable that they tion." The restriction of this cannot anticipate any serious oh- provision to imports is obviously jeclion to it on the part of the a mistake, ana Her Majesty's French Government, especially Government would propose to as the change will not affect tho substitute the word " shipping" low-priced wines to be admitted for " harbour," and to add after at a duty of 1j. the gallon, which the word " importation," the lire the object of peculiar solid- word " or exportation." Thers tude on tho part of (he French is no reason why the two Go- Government — is, that a provision vernments should preclude them- should be made as regards the selves from levying the small two higher classes of wines, that amount evidently contemplated in thf i-Vi-nt of tho British Go- by the Article on goods exported vanillic- ut rinding it expedient, as well as on goods imported; for purposes of finance, to in- and it is certain (hat neither crease the duty on llritish-dis- Government will be disposed to tilled spirits, which now is fixed over-tax the produce of their re- al ft. a gallon, and on which spective countries about to be hasii the duly to Iw levied on exported.
the two higher classes of French The English version of Article
wines was calculated, it shall be XVI, does not convey the tense
[H-nuisMblc to tlie British Go- of the French version, which is
v.-nimi ul to uiigim-iit the duly obviously the correct one. The
on dial etass of French wines English version says, (bat " mer-
which will be chargeable with a chandixe of British production
duty of 'J*, a gallon in the pro- and manufacture shall pay a max-
portioii of i:d. a gallon for every imuin duty of 35 percent.;"
shilling of increase in the duty whereas (lie French version says,
payable by British distilled " sJent pour maximum la limits
spirit* ; and in the pro|K>rtiou of de 'Jo pour cent : " the difference
I J 11 gallon on tin is.' wines being that the English version
chargt-uldf with a duty of 1*. 6rf. makes it obligatory on British
a gallon, for every additional merchandize to pay the maximum
shilling of duty. duty of 'J9 per cent, whereas the
It may. iierhaps, be doubted French version imports lhat they
whether I lie terms of other parts shall not pay more than the mas-
of die Treaty us they now stand inium. This, however, can easily
would not enable the British Go- be rectified,
verauicnt to do this ; but they I think it as well also to point
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
the highest, Belgian coal b> the medium, and Prussian eoal to the lowest rate of duty ; the re- spective rates being three franca, i>Ht'-atid-a-haif francs, and one franc, exclusive of the two de- clines war-tax still in vigour. Under these circumstances Mr. Cobden and I thought it better to drop, in this Article, ail men- tion of Belgian eoal, and to in- sert the amount of duty actually, though not specifically, paid by Belgian coal, that is to say, fifteen centimes per 10U kilogrammes, equal to one-and-a-half francs, as the roaiimnm rate to which foreign coal, four years hence, will be subjected. I need hardly add that we endeavoured to in- duce our French colleagues to agree to accept one franc, the Id wot1 duty now levied on coal in general, as the maximum of future duty, but our endeavours pro Ted unsuccessful.
The French Plenipotentiaries accepted with acknowledgment tin? iiwnion of the lower per- centage offered by Her Majesty's Government in Article IV.
Your Lonlahip will also find thai the proportionate ungmenta- tii.ti of duty claimed by Her Ma- jesty's Government on the im- portation of huperior wines, when- ever it may lie deemed necessary to augment the excise duty on Kpirilri. hus been agreed to by the French Plenipotentiaries. It was, however, considered preferable to consign this stipulation to Article IX.. to which your lordship will set- that a second naragranh hss
lieeli added.
The verbal alteration* required by Her Majesty's Government in Articles X., XVl., and XIX., ban been made.
A clause has slso been added to Article V., by which goods ad- mitted duty free under the head of those now paying 10 per eent ad fwlortss, are made liable, should they contain exclseabte matter, to an importation duty equivalent to the Excise duty leviable on such matter.
Thb Tseatt. Tr*atf of Commmt Utoem Hot
Majesty and ikt Emptror «/
Uu Frmck. Signed at Pari*.
January 28, 1800. (fislyfae-
(ioiif ssdtaag— ' at Parti, F§.
bruaty 4, 1040.)
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty die Emperor of the French, being equally animated with the desire to draw closer the ties of friend- shin which unite their two people, and wishing to improve and ex- tend the relations of commerce between their respective do- minions, have resolved to con- clude a Treaty for that purpose, and have named as their Plenipo- tentiaries, that Is to say:
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the most Honour- able Henry Richard Charles Earl Cowley, Viscount Dangan, Baron Cowley, a Peer of the United Kingdom, a Member of Her Bri- tannic Majesty's Privy Council, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Beth, Her Majesty's Ambassador Ex- traordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Kmperor of the French; and Richard Cobden, Esquire, a Member of the British nrifca- ment;
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
Carriages on springs, lined and painted ;
Cabinet ware, carved work, and turnery of every description ; worked ivory and wood;
Brandies and spirits, including those not distilled from wine, cherries, molasses, or rice ;
Ships and boats.
With respect to refined sugar, and chemical productions of which salt is the basis, the excise of inland duties shall be added to [he amount of the above spe- cified duties.
II. His Imperial Majesty en- gages to reduce the import duties in France on British coal and coke, to the amount of fifteen centimes for the hundred kilo- grammes, with the addition of the two decimes.
His Majesty the Emperor also engages, within four years from the date of the ratification of the present Treaty, to establish upon the importation of coal and coke by land and by sea, a uniform duly, which shall not exceed that which is fixed by the preceding paragraph.
III. It is understood that the rules of duty mentioned in the preceding Articles are indepen- dent of the differential duties in favour of French shipping, with which duties tiny shall not in- terfere.
IV. The duties ad valorem sti- pulated in the present Treaty shall be calculated on the value at the place of production or fabrication of the object imported, with the addition of the cost of transport, insurance, and commis- sion, necessary for the importa- tion into France as far as the port of discharge.
For the levying of these duties, the importer shall make a written Vol. CI I.
declaration at the Custom -house, stating the value and description of the goods imported. If the Customhouse authorities shall be of opinion that the declared value is insufficient, they shall be at liberty to take the goods on paying to the importer the price declared, with an addition of five per cent.
This payment, together with the restitution of any duty which may have been levied upon such goods, shall be made within the fifteen days following the declara- tion.
V. Her Britannic Majesty en- gages to recommend to Parlia- ment to enable her to abolish the duties of importation on the fol- lowing articles: —
Sulphuric acid, and other mineral acids ;
Agates and camelians. set ;
Lucifers of every description ;
Percussion caps ;
Arms of every description ;
Jewels, set;
Toys ;
Corks ;
Brocade of gold and silver;
F.in broideries and needle-work of every description ;
Brass and lira nee manufactures, and bronzed metal ;
Canes, walking-canes or sticks, umbrella or parasol sticks, mount- ed, painted, or otherwise orna- mented;
Hats, of whatever substance they may be made ;
(iloves, stockings, socks, and other articles of cotton or linen, wholly or in part made up ;
Leather manufactures;
Lace manufactured of cotton, wool, silk, or linen ;
Manufactures of iron and steel;
Machinery and mechanical in~ Q
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
imiim being lower than thirty- seven decrees.
VII. Her Britannic Majesty promises to recommend to I'arlia- ■neiit to admit into the United Kingdom merchandize imported from France, at a rata of duty equal to the Excise duty which is or shall be imposed upon articles of the same description in the United Kingdom. At the same time the duty chargeable upon the importation of such merchan- dize may he augmented by such a sum as bhull lie an equivalent for the expenses which the system of KxcUe may entail upon the British producer.
VIII. In accordance with the
Seceding Article, Her Britannic ajesty undertakes to recom- mend to Parliament the admis- sion into the United Kingdom of brandies and spirits imported frojn France, nt a duty exactly equal to the Kxcise duty levied upon hnmc-mndc spirits, with the addition of a surtax of two- pen.-e a gullon, which will make the ne lual duty payable on French bra tidies and spirits eight shil- lings and twopence the gallon.
Her Britannic Majesty also undertakes to recommend to Par- liament the admission of rum slid tafia imported from the French colonies, at the same ditty which is or shall be levied on these saute articles imported hum the British colonies.
Hit llriiiinnic Majesty under- takes to recommend to Parlia- ment the admission of paper- hangings imported from France, at it duty equal to the Excise Ui. that is to say. at fourteen shil- ling per hundredweight; and cardliuard of the same origin, at a duty which shall not exceed fif- teen shillings per hundredweight.
Hor Britannic Majesty further undertakes to recommend to Par- liament the admission of gold and silver plate imported from France, at a duty equal to the stamp or Excise duty which is charged on British gold and silver plate.
IX. It is understood between the two High Contracting Powers, that if one of them thinks it necessary to establish an Excise tax or inland duty upon any article of home production or manufacture which is comprised among the preceding enumerated articles, the foreign imported article of the same description may be immediately liable to an equivalent duty on importation.
1 1 is equal ly understood between the High Contracting Powers, that in case the British Govern- ment should deem it necessary to increase the Excise duties levied upon home-made spirits, the duties on the importation of wines may be modified in the following manner:—
For every increase of a shilling per gallon of spirits on the Excise tluty. there may be, on wines which nay one shilling and six- pence duty, an augmentation not exceeding one peuny halfpenny per gallon ; and on wines which pay two shillings, an augmenta- tion not exceeding twopence- half- penny per gallon. ,
X. The two High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves (he power of levying upon all articles mentioned in the present Treaty, or upon any other article, land- ing or shipping dues, in order to pay the expenses of all necessary establishment* at the ports of importation and exportation,
But in all that relates to local treatment, the dues and charges, Q fl
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
229
XVII. It is understood between the two High Con tree ting Powers, a* an element of the conversion of the ad ralorrm duties into specific duties, that for the kinds of bar- iron which an at present subjected ou importation into France to a duty of ten francs not including the two additional decimes, the duty shall be seven francs on every hundred kilo- grammes until the I h t of October, 1*01. and six francs from that period, including in both cases tin; two additional decimes.
XVIII. The arrangements of the present Treaty of Commerce are applicable to Algeria, both for the exportation of her pro- duce. and for the importation of British goods.
XIX. Each of the two High Contracting Powers engages to confer on the other any favour, privilege, or reduction in the Tariff of duties of importation on the articles mentioned in the present Treaty, which the said Power may concede to any third Power. They further engage not to enforce one against the other any prohibition of importation or exportation, which snail not at the same time be applicable to all other nations.
XX. The present Treaty shall not be valid unless her I In tannic Majesty idiall lie authorized by the a-iM-iit of Her Parliament to execute the engagements con- tracted by Her in the Articles of the present Treaty.
XXI. The present Treaty shall remain in force for the space of tin years, to dale from the day of the exchange of ratifications: and in case neither of the High Con- tracting Powers shall have notified to the other, twelve months before the expiration of ilia said period
of ton years, the intention to put an end to its operation, the Treaty shall continue in force fur another year, and so on from year to year, until the expiration of a year, counting from the day on which one or other of the High Con- tracting Powers shall have an- nounced its intention to put an end to it. The High Contracting Powers reserve to themselves the right to introduce by common consent into this Treaty, any modification which is not opposed to its spirit and principles, and the utility of which aliall have been shown by experience.
XXII. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifica- tions shall be exchanged at Paris within the period of fifteen days, or sooner if possible.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done in duplicate at Paris, the twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and sixty.
(1*8.) Cowi.it.
(L.R.) Hh'hihd Cotidek.
(L-S.t V. Darochb.
(L.S.) F. Nouns.
Additional Article to the Treaty of Com mm* cemcltttUd at Parts, January 2S, 1 MflO, between Her Majnty and tie F.mptror of the)
French. Signed at Pari*. Fo- enotryHS, IHflo. {Rntifiraticmt errhanatd at Pari*, February a«. 1H60.)
By Article VIII. of the Treaty of Commerce between Her Ma- jesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Ens-
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1NUAL REGISTER, 1860. French, signed at made spirits, with the additku fori ,j1'.I.liiil,uv last, of a surtax of fivepence a gallon MrigMj On rtook The present Additional Arlieli to Parliament the shall have the same force am i the I'nited Ktog- validity as if it had been inserts ea and spirits iui- in the Treaty of Commerce o France, at a duty the -J 3rd of January last. » the Excise duty It shall be ratified, and the ra lomc-niadc spirits, tifications thereof shall be ei lion of a smiax of changed at Paris within five day: lllOD, Wllich would from the date of its signature, ml duty payable on In witness whereof, the respee fsaud spirits eight tive Plenipotentiaries have signc< wopence a gallon. the same, and have affixed thereit r.itii'n ■.itimi of the the seals of their arras. K Government of Done at Paris, this twentj-fiiU ■ M.LJc-ity have as- day of February, hi the year u the surtax of two- our Lord eighteen hundred ant i is not siilfk'it-nt sixty. th« obftrgSS with (L.S.) Cowuir. nsHquenee of the (L.S.) I. Bahocbs. |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
view to insure the gradual exe- cution of the aforesaid Treaty within the periods fixed by the
In consequence whereof, the undersigned, invested with full powers on tho part of Her Ma- jesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on one side, and of His Majesty the Emperor of the French, on the other, have agreed upon the following Articles: —
I. Instead of a single Conven- tion establishing the specific du- ties to be paid bv British mer- clmndho imported into France, three separate Conventions shall lie successively concluded ; the first of which shall comprise bar and pig-iron, steel and worked metals, machines, tools and me- chunieal instruments of all sorts; Ihc second, yarns and manufac- tures in llax and hemp; the third, stl other articles of British pro- duction and manufacture enu- merate! in Article I. of the Treaty of tlie Stlrd of January.
■J. Those Conventions shall be
negotiated, concluded, and rati- fied in such a manner as to com* into force with respect to the Articles to which they apply, at each of the periods fixed by Ar- ticle XV. of the Treaty of which they will form the complement. Nevertheless, the iaat of these Conventions shall be concluded and ratified before the first of November next.
The present Additional Article shall have the tame force and validity as if it had been inserted in the Treaty of Commerce of the 'J3rd of January last It shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at l*aris within four days at latest from the date of its signature.
Iu witness whereof, the respec- tive Plenipotentiaries have signed the same. and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Paris, this twenty- seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty.
(L.S.) Cowlkt. (L.8.) E. Tuouvkxel.
TREATY WITH NICARAGUA.
Trtaty of Fritndthip, Commtrtt, and Xitriijrttian, btttceen Her Majnty mid the lUpuUic of Si- rnra-iun. Hiyntd at Managua, FebrwtTyW, IWHl. (Uatifira- (iii n i trchawjed at London, Awjutl -i, ICtRJ)
Iler Majesty the Queen of the ['tiiti'd Kingdom of (ireat Britain and Inland, and die Republic of K intra gun, being desirous to maintain and improve the rela- tions of good understanding which happily subsist between them.
and to promote the commercial intercourse between their respec- tive subjects and citizens, have deemed it expedient to conclude a Treaty of Friendship, Com- merce, and Navigation, and have for that purpose named as their respective Plenipotentiaries, that
11.
:li.-
*r oT Ma-
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 233
upon her cargo shall be leried ries of the other, than such as
and collected, whether the impor- are payable on the exportation of
Uiion be made in vessels of the the same or the like article to any
one country or of the other ; and other foreign country,
in like manner, that whatever No prohibition shall be ira-
kind of produce, manufacture, or posed upon the importation of any
merchandize can be from time to 'article the growth, produce, or
time lawfully imported into the manufacture of the territories of
Republic of Nicaragua in its own either of the two Contracting
vessels, may be also imported in Parties into the territories of this
British vessels; and that no other, which shall not equally
higher or other duties upon the extend to the importation of the
vessel or upon her cargo shall be same or the like article being the
levied or collected, whether the growth, produce, or manufacture
importation be made in vessels of any other country ; nor shall
of the one country or of the any prohibition be imposed on
other. the exportation of any article
And they further agree, that from the territories of either of
whatever may be lawfully ex- the two Contracting Parties to
ported or re-exported from the the territories of the other, which
one country in its own vessels to shall not equally extend to tho
any foreign country, may in like exportation of the same or the
manner be exported or re-ex- like article to the territories of
ported in the vessels of the other all other nations,
country; and that the same boun- VI. No duties of tonnage, har-
ties, duties, and drawbacks shall hour, pilotage, lighthouse, quar-
be allowed and collected, whether antine, or other similar or cor-
such exportation or reexports, responding duties, of whatever
tion be made in British vessels, nature or under whatever de-
or in vessels of the Hepublie of nomination, levied in the name or
N iramguv for the profit of the Government,
V No higher or other duties public functionaries, corporations,
shall be imposed on the import*- or establish meats of whatever
tion into the British dominions kind, shall be imposed in the
of any article the growth, produce, ports of either country upon the
or manufacture of the Republic vessels of the other 00110117,
of Nicaragua, and no higher or which shall not be equally ira-
otlier duties shall be imposed posed in the like eases upon
on the importation in the Repub- national vessels,
lie of Nicaragua of any article the VII. In order to prevent the
growth, produce, or manufacture possibility of any misunderstand-
of the llniish dominions, than ing, it is hereby declared that lbs)
are or shall be payahlo on the stipulations contained in the pre-
itiitui: or the like article being the ceding Articles are, to their foil
produce or manufacture of any extent, applicable to Briti'h ves-
other foreign country. Nor shall sels and their cargoes arriving in
any higher or other duties or the porta of Nicaragua, and reci-
charges be imposed, in either of proeally to the vessels of the said
the two countries, on the exports- Republic and their cargoes srriv-
tion of any article to the territo- ing in British ports, whether tbey
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; N U A T, REGISTER, 1860. the ports of the through stress of weather, po liicli they reapso- suit of pirates or enemies, i ■r iV'.ui ilii% porta of want of provisions or water, tin ijn country : iinrl, shall be received ami treated wil no discriminating Immunity, and all favourandpr : mi] .—.-.1 or est- teetion shall he given to them fl • porta "f either' repairing their ships, procurii i.' -.ii.l v.—.U it provisions, and placing then goes, whether mch selves in a situntion to contini uiisist of native or their voyage without obstacle < jduee or niuuuliic- hindrance of any kind. XI. If any ship of war or me rensels which, ac- chant vessel of either of the Hie, ii laws of Great Contracting Parties should t L*e deemed British wrecked on the coasts of th nil m —1 la nrhicU, other, such ship or vessel, or an b* lows of the Re- ports thereof, and all furniiur aragua, are to be and appurtenances belongiii: 9 of that Republic, t hereunto, and all goods and met purposes of this tthanduss which shall be sam lied JJriti-h vessels therefrom, or the produce thereof Nieamgutt respect- if sold, shall be faithfully restore* |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
235
d lately, subject to such right of appeal on the part of the person paying the same ns may exist in the respective countries. The goods Mid merchandise saved from the wreck shall not be sub- ject to duties, unless cleared for consumption : in which ease they shall be liable only to the same duties as if they had been im- ported in a national vessel.
XII. The subjects and citizens of either of tlie two Contracting Parties in the territories of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of, whether by purchase, sale, dona- tion, exchange, marriage, testa- ment, succession, ab inletlalo, or in any oilier manner whatever, every desori [ition of property which the laws of tlie country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to hold. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to and take possession of such pro- perty, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the ordinary form of law, in the same manner as subjects or citi- zens of the country : and in the alienee of such hoirs and repre- sentatives, the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a subject or citizen of the country under similar circumstances.
In none of these respects shall they pay upon the valuo of such property any other or higher un- post, duty, or charge than is payable by subjects or citizens of till- country. In every ease the subjects and citizens of the Con- tracting Parties shall be permitted to export their property, or the proeeeds thereof : British sub- jects from tlie territory of Nica- ragua, and Nicaraguan citizens from the British territory, freely.
and without being subject on such exportation to pay any duty as foreigners, and without baring to pay any other or higher duties than those to which subjects or citizens of the country are liable.
XIII. Bodi Contracting Parties promise and engage formally to give their special protection to the persons and property of the subjects or citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice, for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and cus- tomary with the native subjects or citizens of the country; for which purpose they may either appear in proper person, or em- ploy, in the prosecution or defence of their rights, sach advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions or sentences of the tribunals in all cases which may concern them, and shall enjoy in such cases all the rights and privileges accorded to native sub- jects or citizens.
XIV. In the event of any sub- ject 'or citizen of the two Con- tracting Parties dying without will or testament in the dominions or territories of the other Contract- ing Party, or in the absence of lawful heirs or representatives, the Consul- General. Consul, or Acting Consul of the nation to which the deceased may belong, shall, so far aa the law* of each country will permit, have the right, after a duly made and at- tested inventory baa been signed
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
Conducting Parties, it is agreed taction of tilde, to reside in the that if at any time any rupture, dominions and territories of or sny interruption of friendly the other Party; but before any intercourse, should unfortunately Consul shall act as such, he shall, take place between the two Con- in the usual form, be approved trading Parties, the subjects or and admitted by the Government citizens of either of them, est*- to which he is sent; and either blished in the territories of the of the Contracting Parties may other, who may reside upon the except from the residence of Con- coasU, shall be allowed six aula such particular places as months, and those who may re- either of them may judge fit to side in the interior a whole year, be excepted, to wind up their accounts and to The Diplomatic Agents and dispose of their property ; and a Consuls of each of (he two High safe-conduct shall be given to Contracting Parties in the do- them to embark at the port which minionB or territories of the oiher, they themselves shall select The shall enjoy whatever privileges, subjects or citizens of either of exemptions, and immunities an the two Contracting Parties who or shall be granted there to Agents may be established in the do- of the same rank belonging to minions or territories of the the most favoured nation, other, in the exercise of any trade XX. The Republic of Nica- or other occupation or employ- ragua hereby grants to Great ment, shall be allowed to remain Britain, and to British subjects and continue in the exercise of and property, the right of transit the said trsde or occupation, not- between the Atlantic and Pacific withstanding the interruption of Oceans, through the territories friendship lietween the two coun- of that Republic, on any route of tries, in the free enjoyment of communication, natural or arti- tbeir personal liberty and pro* ficial, whether by land or water, perty, so long as they behave which may now or hereafter exist peaceably and observe the laws ; or be constructed under the so- und their goods and effects, of thority of Nicaragua, to be used whatever description they may and enjoyed in the same manner be, whether in their own custody and upon equal terms by both or entrusted to individuals or to parties, and their respective soo- the State, shall not be liable to jecta and citizens ; the Republic seizure or sequestration, or to of Nicaragua, however, reserving any other charges or demands its full and complete right of than those which may be made sovereignty over the same : and, u|>on the like effects or property generally, the Republic of Nica- belonging to native subjects or ragua engages to grant to Great citizens. In the same case, debts Britain and to British subjects between individuals, public funds, the same rights and privileges, and the shares of Companies, in all respects, in regard to the shall never be confiscated, se- transit and the rates of transit, questervl. or detained. and also as regards all other
XIX. It shall be free for each rights, privileges, or *
of the two Contracting Parties whatsoever, whether
to appoint Consuls for the pro- the passage and employment of
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
239
Government of Nicaragua, or of the Minister thereof at London or Paris, or of the competent legally- appointed local authori- ties civil or military, employ such force fur [his ami for no oilier purpose; ami when, in the opinion of the Nicaraguan Go- vernment, the necessity ceases, such force shall be immediately withdrawn.
In the exceptional rase, how- ever, of unforeseen or imminent danger to the lives or properties of Itriiioli subject*. Her Majesty's forces are authorized to act for their protection without such previous consent having been obtained,
XXI 1 1. It is understood, how- ever, that Her llriuuinie Majesty, in according protection to such mutes of communication, and guaranteeing iheir neutrality and security, always intends that the protection and guarantee are grouted conditionally, and may he withdrawn if Her 1 hi tannic Majesty should deem that the persons or Company undertaking or managing the same, adopt or establish such regulations cuti- corning the traffic thereupon as are contrary to the spirit and intention of this Treaty, either hy making unfair discriminations in favour of the commerce of any other nation or nations, or by imposing oppressive exactions or unreasonable lolls upon mails, passengers, vessels, goods, wares,
nd,/.,
- otlie
iele*
The aforesaid protecth guarantee shall not. however, be withdrawn hy Her Britannic Ma- jesty without first giving six mouths' notice to the Republic of Nicaragua
XXIV. Ati.l it is further under- stood and agreed that, in any
grant or contract which may here- after be made or entered into by the Government of Nicaragua, having reference to the inter- oceanic routes above referred to, or any of them, the rights and privileges granted by this Con- vention to Her Britannic Majesty and to British subjects shall be fully protected and reserved ; and if any such grant or contract now exist of a valid character, it is further understood that the guar- antee and protection of Her Bri- tannic Majesty stipulated in Arti- cle XXI. of this Treaty shall be held inoperative and void, until the holders of such grant or con- tract shall recognise the conces- sions made in this Treaty to Her Britannic Majesty and to British subjects with respect to such in- ter-oceanic routes, or any of them, and shall agree to observe, and be governed by, those concessions as fully as if they had been em- braced in their original grant or contract; after which recognition and agreement, the said guarantee and protection shall be in full force : provided that nothing herein contained shall be con- strued either to affirm or deny the validity of any of the said contracts.
XXV. After ten years from the completion of a canal, railroad, or any other route of communi- cation, through the territory of Nicaragua, from the Atlantic to the l'acific Ocean, no Company which may have constructed or he in possession of the same shall ever divide, directly, or in- directly, by the issue of new slock, the payment of dividends, or otherwise, more than fifteen per cent per annum, or at that rate, to its stockholders, from tolls collected thereupon; but
NNUAL REGISTER,
■Ah shall be found ;r profit than this, ) reduced to the teen par cent, per
s understood that ned in this Treaty ,rucd to affect the Government and Republic of Costa >:lss:il;ij. by the Sao ■ their persons and id from the ocean, e present Treaty (i force for the term re from the day of >f raiitii-tt lions; and rty shall notify to utention of termi- uie, twelve months 'Xpiriition of the stipulated above.
binding on both part the said twenty years, untii months from the time thai « of the Parties may notify to il other its intention of leruiinatii
XXVIII. The present Tre»
of Friendship. Conimer.-o. ai Navigation nhall be ratified, at the ratifications shall be a changed sit. London us noon i possible within eix months fro this date.
In witness whereof the imp* live Plenipotentiaries have *iijn< the same, and have affixed tben- their respective seal a.
Done at Mana^'im, this eleven! day of February, in the year our Lord one thousand eight hw dred and sixty.
(L.S-1 Ca*s. Lknnux Wtes
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
241
di Nlm") to Franca, and re- nounces, for himself and all his descendants and successors, in favour of His Majesty the Em- peror of the French, bis rights and titles over the said territories. It is understood between their Majesties that this annexation shall be effected without any con- straint of the wishes of the popu- lations, and that the Govern- ments of the Emperor of the Freucb and the King of Sardinia will concert together as soon as possible upon the best means of appreciating and verifying the manifestations of those wishes.
II. It is equally understood that His Majesty the King of Sardinia cannot transfer the neu- tralized parts of Savoy, except on the conditions upon which he himself possesses them, and that it will appertain to His Majesty the Emperor of the French to come to an understand- ing on this subject, both with the Powers represented at the Con- gress of Vienna, and with the Swiss Confederation, and to give them the guarantees required by the stipulations referred to in (his Article.
III. A Mixed Commission shall determine, in a spirit of equity, the frontiers of the two Stales, taking into account the configu- ration of the mountains and the requirements of defence.
IV. One or more Mixed Com- missions shall be charged to exa- mine and resolve, as soon as pos- sible, the various incidental ques- tions to which the annexation will give rise, such as the settle- ment of the share to be contri- buted by Savoy and the arron- dissemeut of Nice (" circondario di Nina "i towards the public
Vou CII.
debt of Sardinia, and the execu- tion of the obligations resulting from contracts entered into with the Sardinian Government, which Government, however, reserves the right of itself terminating the labours undertaken for boring the tunnel of the Alps (Mont Cents).
V. The French Government will secure to the civil and mili- tary functionaries belonging by birth to the province of Savoy and to the arrondissement of Nice ("circondario di Nina"), and who shall become French sub- jects, the rights due to them on account of the services rendered by diem to the Sardinian Govern- ment : they shall especially enjoy the advantages resulting from the permanency of the magisterial appointments, and from the gua- rantees ensured to the army.
VI. Sardinian subjects natives of Savoy and the arrondissement of Nice, at present domiciled in those provinces, who shall desire to preserve their Sardinian na- tionality, shall enjoy, during the space of one year from the date of die exchange of the ratifica- tions, and provided that they make a previous declaration to the competent authority, the right of transporting their domicile into Italy, and of fixing it there, in which case the character of Sar- dinian citizens shall be continued to them.
They shall he free to retain their immovable property situ- ated in the territory annexed to France.
VII. As concerns Sardinia, the present Treaty shall be in force as soon as the necessary legisla- tive sanction shall have been given by Parliament.
NNUAL REGISTER, 18«0.
present Treaty shall Dona in duplicate at Ti
id the ratifications of the twenty -fourth day of
exchanged at Turin month of March of the j«
iys, or sooner if pos- grace one thousand eight bun
which the respective ries have signed it, to it their armorial
sixty.
(Signed)
TAt.umus Bene [/in/ Cavooh. I-'awxi.
TION FOR THE PACIFICATION OF STRIA
'i/lu'em Her Majesty, or of Austria, l/ie >f the French, the f.nt of rriumn, the f liuuia, and the I 'if i !<!• i Ht insures to t the 'Pacification of l<ied at 1'ark, Stp- l»60. Rai/awwis
Her Majesty the Qiieeu uf United Kingdom of Great tain and Ireland, the Iti*ht nourable Henry Richnni Ch» Earl Cowley, Ac., Ambaasi Extraordinary and Pk'tiiptu tiary of Hor aaid Mujeity Hia Majesty tho Simp French ;
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
248
STATE PAPERS.
EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE RELATING
TO THE CESSION OF SAVOY AND NICE.
(Savor ahb Nici Papem, No. 3034.)
No. 8.— Lord J. RummU to Earl
CovUy.
Foreign OOm, Jolj 5, 1850.
My Lord, — I bate to ittu to JOur Excellency, with reference to the report contained in your do- ■patch of the 1th iustsn t, of a con- vernation which you bad had with Count Walew»ki, that H«r Ma- jesty's Government have learned with extreme concern that the question of annexing Saroy (o France baa been in agitation.
The Emperor a declaration at Milan that the "eaemjea" of the Emperor represented him aa making war to aggrandize the territories of France, gate great satisfaction in this country. But in Germany it was confidently ■aid that this declaration would not be adhered to.
If Savoy should be annexed to France, it will generally be sup- posed that the left bank of the Rhine, and the " natural limits," will be the next olject; and thut the Emperor will become an object of suspicion to Europe, and kindle the hostility of which hie uncle was tbe victim.
In conforming your language to Count Walewaki to the tenour of Ibis drspatcb, your Excellency will make him understand that the ob- ser>ations of Her Majesty's Go- vernment are dictated by the most friendly feelings towards the Em- peror.
Count Peraigny spoke to me to- day on the same- subject, and I Bui to him the tame remark* I
have made to your Lordship. He dwelt on the little value of Savoy, a bare rock, aa he said, bat which might avail Piedmont for an attack on France if Sardinia should be- come a great Power. I purposely abstained from any discussion of the value of Savoy. That part of the subject may bo reserved for future comment
lam, Ac. (Signed) J. Rcssaxt.
No. 4.— Earl CW#y to Lord J.
R*»»M.—(B«*ivd July 9.)
Paris, Jalr 8, lMv.
My Lord,— In the coarse of tbe interview which I had with Count Walewaki this afternoon, his Excellency said that I might give your Lordship the assurance that the Emperor had abandoned all idea of annexing Savoy to France.
I said that Her Majesty's Go- vernment would receive thia in- telligence with unmixed satisfac- tion, and that I rejoiced that the Emperor had relinquished a pro- ject, the success of which would have been of no real value to Franco, and would have seriously have affected Hi* Majesty 'a posi- tion in the eyes of Europe. I fan**. Am. (Signed) Cowlbi.
No. 6— Lord J. Rut-it to Emri Cevfey.
Feraiaa Met, Jab; », 1MB. Mr Lord,— I hare received
NNUAL REGISTER, I860.
ancy's despatch of tating that Count i informed you that ve me the assurance leror had abandoned annexing Savoy to
I have to instruct BCT to state to Count it iler Majesty's Go- ghly appreciate the
has prompted His jesty thus distinctly
project which, while i contributed no real i1 ranee, would have Iv affected the Era- itatiun iu Europe, /era of Europe not iotiBiderable import- in into nance of Savoy it relation towards t they would also
Baroche received Wen lhi» a! noon, and in reply to Dr. K* inquiry whether there ra truth ia the above raxxrar. i " Cette question n'« oucun tali ni actuel tii prochain ;" but should any change occur herMl be thought it only just that it ihi only be made after a cocoa understanding between ¥a and Switzerland, and with dos gard to those provision* of the T ties of 181fi nhich stipulated I iu case of the nwtaioii of Sjio; France, a portion of it suBki to insure a good lino of deft sbould be at the same time ex to Switzerland.
Dr. Kern said that Switzari would of course prefer the th quo, but that he was glad to I what his Excellency said with
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
245
No. 17.— Earl Cevby to Lord J.
RuutU. — {lUccittd January 3 0. ) FarU, Jsaauy IS, IS*). (Extract.)
It is "more thin probable that your Lordship bis been made ac- quainted with a rumour prevalent to a certain extent in Paris, that there exists a secret Treat/ be- tween France and Sardinia en- tered into before the lata war, by which the latter binds herself, in case her territory should be con- siderably increased in Italy by the events of the war, to cede Savoy to France.
I have no reason to believe in the existence of this Treat/, end for many reasons am inclined to doubt it ; still I cannot undertake upon myself to affirm that some sort of engagement or understand- ing respecting Savoy baa not been entered into between the two Go-
But let this be as it may, it is my duty to call your Lordship's at ten lion to the fact that the ques- tion uf the annexation of Savoy to France is beginning to occupy tbo public mind very seriously, and I cannot doubt is more or less in the contemplation of the French Go- vernment, should the Duchies, and more particularly the ltomagna, be annexed to Sardinia.
So. 10.— U.-.d J. liuutll to Earl CouUy.
F..rrin-n («6», JanurvSS, 1RA0.
My Lord, — I have received and laid before the Queen your Lordship's despatch, of yesterday, re*|>ccUiig Savoy.
I have no difficulty in giving you instructions as to the lan- guage which yon should hold.
with regard to the annexation of Savoy and the County of Nice to France.
You will recollect thai on tbo occasion of announcing to Parlia- ment the intelligence of the Pre- liminaries of VUUfrsnca, I stated the satisfaction which I felt in assuring the House of Commons that no cession of Savoy to France was in contemplation, and that, had it been otherwise, great alarm would have been fell on the Rhine and throughout Germany.
Your Lordship had at this time received the solemn assurranee from Count Walewski that the idea of the annexation of Savoy and Nice to France had, if once entertained, been abandoned.
I do not wish, at present, to do battle in argument upon the question. If ever entertained, it must be considered by all the Great Powers of Europe, and the grounds of snch a proposal cri- tically exsmined.
But I wish you to state to M. Thouvenel at once the view which we take of this question in con- nection with the general interests of Europe, and the position of the Emperor of the French.
The Emperor cannot fail to have present to his mind the alarm and anxiety which pre- vailed in Europe during the past summer ; the arming of Prussia and the German Powers; the hopes of revolution excited ; the rumours of alliances, offensive and defensive, which agitated the public mind. The Emperor can well recall that period; for he stated how much of glory he was content to forego, how much of noble aspirations to disappoint, in order to give satisfaction and peace to Europe.
It is to be hoped and desired
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Circulation respecting this sub- ject
His Excellency replied that he could not account for them ; nor could ho acount for the sudden change in the opinions of many persons, Savoyards, who before the late war had urged that ces- sion, and who now opposed it.
He added that the Sardinian Government had not the slightest intention of ceding, exchanging, or selling Savoy. If the people of Savoy bad any grievances which they thought required re- dress ; any proposition to make by which they conceived their position might be bettered ; any undue pressure to complain of; they knew perfectly well that they had a const! rational remedy by petition to the Crown through Parliament; that if any such
Ktition were presented, it would dealt with parliamentarity and openly, and would receive such remedy as Parliament might ap- prove and the Crown sanction.
At this moment, said the Count, Savoy has one battalion of Hides to protect it : and I can assure you, he added, that the Sardinian Government has no intention of applying military coercion to any portion of the King's subjects, in order to stifle or create a public demonstration : the question of Savoy is left to the good sense and the good feeling of the people of Savoy.
I have. ir. (Signed) Jamil* Hirnsox.
No. a*.— Earl Coiiuy M Lord J.
llunetl.—(Iitc*>r*d February 8 ) FsrU, Pcliwj G, 1M0.
(Extract.)
The interpellations In both
Houses of Parliament respecting
the truth of the reported annexa- tion of Savoy to Prance, together with the receipt of your Lord- ship's despatch of the »8th ul- timo, stating the views of Her Majesty's Government on this question, determined me to recur to it again with M. Thonvenel. Previously to bo doing, I had an opportunity of ascertaining from Count Wefowski that he recog- nized the accuracy of the report which 1 had sent to your I<ord- ship of his declaration to me in July last, but he reminded me that he had made that declaration in view of the strict accomplishment of the Treaty of Zurich, and that be had more than once afterwards maintained that if Sardinia was to be aggrandised by the annexa- tion of the Duchies, it mnst be at the cost of Savoy and the County of Nice, which must pass to France. This is perfectly true, and on more than one occasion 1 alluded to these observations in my private correspondence with your l<ordship. 1 did not think it necessary to notice them offi- cially, because it was understood that all questions arising out of the state of Italy were to be re- ferred to a Congress, and I con- sidered it unadviaable. in face of the previous declarations made to me. to engage Her Majesty's Government in a diplomatic cor- respondence upon a hypothetical question, which, if it ever as- sumed a more tangible shape, must necessarily come under the examination of all the Powers represented in the Congress. It Is not, however, to be inferred that 1 allowed Count Walewafci v to suppose that the realisation of .- this scheme would be sestrarlfh indifference by Her Majesty's
NNUAL REGISTER. 1800.
; to M. Thouvenel, did not desire lo
i should bear any friendly character ; vished to ascertain ood — whether there /rstandine; between ind Sardinian Go- d whether he niain- .•liii'iitioDs of Count
nat his Excellency tactly what I asked, i my despatches of 8th of July last, to
nel replied, that not yet an opportunity o the Emperor on le could only state
contingencies, however, did I occur when peace was made 1 Emperor had thought that if I chances of war had given sad large accession of territory Sardinia as would have alw the relative proportions of i military strength of the two « tries, he might with jnsurekt demanded such territorial « cessions of Sardinia a* *w have preserved those relative p portions. But so long u i solo addition made to Sardi was the province of LomUr there was no sufficient reason, the Emperor's opinion, furaski of Sardinia the sacrifice of i part of her ancient territory,! therefore Count WatewsLi I made the declaration referred by me.
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would partake of the nature of the arrangement* made at Zurich, will not think it uecessary to look to the more immediate safety of the French frontier. But the French Government could not consent to the formation of a kingdom of above ten million! of souls in the South of Europe without taking precautions for the future security of France. This would be done not in a spirit of conquest or aggrandise- ment, but simply as a measure of necessary precaution.
Hut while the French Govern- ment ask for guarantees for the safety of France, they have no intention of violating or infring- ing upon those which Europe has thought necessary to take for her own safety. The annexation, therefore, of Savoy to France would not break the engage- ments entered into for the neu- trality of the districts of Chsblais and Fauci guy : indeed, in the opinion of the French Govern- ment, it would be well that those districts should be united per- manently to Switzerland.
No. 31. — Earl (.Wfc* 10 Lord
J. Ruutll.—(Reeeired February
11.1
Twit, F.lirasr? 10, IViO.
My Lord.— I had an oppor- tunity of seeing the Emperor yesterday, and 1 liad the honour of having some conversation with Mis Majesty on the subject of the annexation of Savoy to France.
His Majesty did not deny that, under Certain eventualities, and on the gruunds stated in my de- spatch of the fitb instant, he might think it right to claim a proper frontier for France ; that
he believed that the wish of the Savoyards was to be united to France; and that he could not understand why, in the ease of the Dnchiea, the wishes of the populations were to be attended to, and that the same principle should not prevail with respect to Savoy.
His Msjesty, however, dis- claimed all intention of annexing Savoy against the will of the Savoyards themselves, and with- • out having consulted the Great Powers.
I have, Ac. (Signed) Cowlsv.
No. 32.— Lord J. BumU to Earl CowUy.
Tonipt OSes, rabroarj IS, IS*).
(Extract.)
I have laid before the Queen your Excellency's despatch of the 8th instant in respect to Savoy.
M. Thouvene) states, in sub- stance, that the French Govern- ment have never concealed their opinions that if the territories of the King of Sardinia greatly in- creased, the addition of Savoy and Nice to Francs would be required for the security of the French Empire; that the Treaty of Zurich did not contemplate such an aggrandizement of Sardinia ; and therefore the project of annexing Savoy was no longer entertained. But that, if the votes of Central Italy should en- large the dominions of the Kins; of Sardinia, and place him at the head of 1I.0O0.000 of Italians. the security of France) would re- quire the annexation of Savoy and Nice to Franco.
I have to stale, in reply, that
|
INUAL REGISTER, 1B60. iroject of the an- your despatch, and from another oy to France has despatch received on the I )th ea mentioned to instant, that the Emperor would :y, yet it wns in consult the Great Powers of 0 the language of Europe on this project if seri- ns of the Emperor ously entertained, and that it before and during never entered his thoughts to ly, and that it is constrain either the will of the y this annexation King of Sardinia, or that of the n the light of a people of Savoy and Nice, [ement. Further correspondence, there- f late, therefore, fore, may be reserved for future in thought neces- occasion. lajesty's Govern- ed of transferring No 3i._5,v J. ffudnon to Lard 1 to France. j, RuantL— {Received February :y's Government xO.) 1 that the security (Extract.) mntry so rich, so |
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261
the kingdom. Hit Excellent? AM not speak of French pressure, neither aid he Appear lo fear it.
(Italian Paijuu, Past IV.) ! No. l.—M. Tkoumul to Count Ptr.
iiyny - [Vommunictitrd to Lord
J, llutirtl by Count >Vri>n)l,
March IS.)
hrw, Utrcb IS, 1*00. (Translation.)
M. La Comte. — The Emperor, In his Speech to the O real Bodies of the Bute, at the opening of the Legislative Bess) on, made known his opinion in anticipation of a re- adjustment of a considerable territory on the other side of the Alps, and announced the inten- tion of submitting to the wisdom and equity of Europe a question which in not raised by the ambi- " tion of France, but put, as it were, by events them selfes. His MrtjpHiy has decided that the moment is come to fulfil this en- gagement, and I hasten, in con- formity with his orders, to put you in a position to communicate our explanations to the Cabinet of London. Solemn acts, freely subscribed to at the end of a cam- paign fortunate for our arms, hare established in the most irrefraga- ble fashion, that we had not for our object a territorial aggrandire- ment when the force of circum- stances induced us to interfere in the affairs of Italy. If the Impe- rial Government has been able to discern, in the cases in which disinterestedness should not en- tirely banish prudence, a situ- ation analogous to that which now presents itself, it flatten Itself not onlr that it has not sought to produce this situation, but that it has, on the contrary,
endeavoured in all conjunctures to follow the courses best suited to withdraw it from the chance* of the future. The stipulations of Zurich, and tboae of Vills- franca, entirely ei eluded it Although the possesion of Lom- bard v fortified Piedmont on the Alp*, we, without any hesitation, silenced »ur own interest, and, far from favouring the develop- ment of a state of things which might furnish us with legitimate and pressing reasons for demand- ing guarantees, we employed, at Europe knows, all our influence to realise, in their literal tenour, the dispositions of the Treaties which reserved the maintenance of the territorial limits in the centre of Italy.
I need not now recur to the circumstances which prevented the success of our efforts. The Government of Her Britannie
will suffice to recall the fact that the necessity of occupying our- selves above all. and in the gene- ral interest with the establish- ment of a definite state of things in the Peninsula, was alone able to determine us to seek in dif- ferent combinations from that of which we bad vainly esssyed to effect the triumph, the means of settling the pending questions.
A new situation then pressed on our attention ; and without putting ourselves In antagonism with the policy which has con- stantly inspired the acts, as well as the language, of the Emperor, we had nevertheless to consider the prejudice which new arrange- ments In Italy might be capable of causing to our own interests.
It Is Impossible to deny that Qm formation of • e
PUBLIC D0CUMENT8. 258
faithful. But the exceptional of which will hare trebled in the
character cannot be ignored of couth of a year? In claiming
the circumstances which deter- the modification of the Treaties
mine us to demand that a modi- on tliis point, we confine our*
6 cation be introduced into the selves, as it were, to demanding
delimitation of the frontier which that one of their stipulations
was finally traced between France should not acquire, against the
and Sardinia. The result of the intention even of the Powers
war bas been to make, by the ces- which signed them, a grarer bear*
sion of Lombardy to Piedmont, a ing and a more disadvantageous
primary change in tbe territorial interpretation,
limits of Italy; the annexation I hasten to add that the Go*
of other Slates to that kingdom vemment of the Emperor has
constitutes a new change, the no wish to hold the guarantees
consequences of which have a which it demands except with
special gravity for us. and it is the free assent of the King of
not at variance with the respect Sardinia and of the popnhv
accorded on every occasion by tions. The cession, therefore,
the Government of the Emperor which will be made to it will
to existing Treaties to demand remain exempt from all violence
that they should net be in reality and from all constraint; it is, be-
nltered to our detriment. sides, our firm intention to ar-
In a communication which ad- range it, as tar as concerns the
dresses itself sbove all to the territories of Savoy subject to
good faith of the Cabinet*, and eventual neutralization, in such
which testifies to that which ani- a way as to injure no acquired
mates the Government of the right and to affect no legitimate
Hmjieror. should I hesitate to say interest
that, in restoring Savoy to Pied- In accord with our interests, moiit, it was desired to constitute and with the will of the King of that country guardian of the- Alps, Sardinia, and not in contradiction in order thm it might keep tbe tothegeneralinterestaof Europe, passes open into France* lln- the cession of Savoy and the pleasant as this situation was, we County of Nice to France, doe* loyally 'resigned ourselves to it not. Monsieur, raise any quettiona during half a century ; much fur- incompatible with the best ea la- ther, wc again accepted it on our blished and most rigorous rules return from a campaign in Italy, of public right. If the character, which might easily have furnished the language, and the habits of us with the opportunity of chang- the populations destined to be ing it: but should wo allow that united to France assure us that the conditions which wo 'have this cession is not contrary to scrupulously respected in order their sentiments ; if we think to prevent any disturbance of our that tbe configuration of the soil international relations should be has entwined their commercial aggravated ? and can Europe, on interests, as well as their political her side, consider it just that, interests, with oars ; if, in fine, to the weight with which they we say that the Alps constitute already pressed on us should be the barrier which ought eternally added that of a State the strength to separate Italy from France,
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 8M
No. S-— Lord J. Auesft to Earl ^^ * *
Coiefcy. Xhe Emperor of the French
Fomii. Oft**, Mm* as, i860. marched * large force to the aa-
My Lord. — I transmit 10 your finance and support of nil ally
Excellency herewith copy of a the King of Sardinia.
despatch addressed by M. Thou- The declarations which Bis
venel to the Comie de Persigny, Imperial Majesty, upon several
which wss placed in my hands occasions, made as to bit in ten-
by the latter on the 1 3th instant tions, and as to the objects of tha
Tha Emperor of the French war, led the Powers of Europe
Sledged himself iu Hit Imperial to believe that the war was tui- lajeatys S|>eech to the Legisla- dertaken without any view to ao- tive Chambers that he would quisiiion of territory by France, submit the question of the an- and that iu object was to restore neiatiuu of Savoy and the County luly to herself, and to solve, in of Nice to France to the wisdom favour of Italy, that question and equity of Europe; and the which it was alleged the conduct accompanying despatch — com- of the Austrian Government had muuicatiuns similar to which brought to an issue, namely, have no doubt been made to the whether Austria should have do- other Great Powers — purports lo minion up to the foot of the Alps, have been written in redemption or whether Italy should be nee of that pledge. from the Mediterranean to the
11. Thouvenel's despatch ex- Adriatic plains the reasons on account of M. Th our en el says that solemn which the Imperial Govemment acts, freely concluded after a cam- makes claim to the cession of paign which had been successful Savoy and of Nice, and it states for the arms of France, are an the principles upon which the irrefragable proof that the French French Government considers Government had not for iu ob- itself justified in making that ject any territorial eggrsndise- claiiu. ment when it was lea by the
U is wiih great regret that force of evenu to interfere in the Her Majesty s Govemment feels affairs of Italy. Bat he adds, obliged to nay Unit they cannot that though the French Govem- adnnt the force of those reasons, ment could not but foresee hypo- am) that they are unable lo sub- theiieal circumstances in which scribe lo the justice of those disinterestedness would have to principles. give way to prudence, the Treav
M. Thou venel adverts to the ties of Villafranea and of Zurich
events of the last twelve months entirely abut out sueb a eotv
in support of his arguments, tingency.
Her Majesty * Government would This statement seems to ex-
with shortly to advert also to plain ihe assurance given to your
(hose events. Eieelleney by Count Walewski
The immediate cause of the in July IBBS. whan the Count,
war which broke out in Northern being asked as to the truth of
Italy in the spring of last year rumours tbat,aotwiihsUndiagthe
was the invasion of (be Pied- declarations and proelasnattoaw of
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257
her own power to prevent the formation of any such Confe- deracy. There ii no Power in Europe that does not wink to maintain friendly relations with France, and there is none that could hope to reap any advantage from a voluntary and unpro- voked rupture with so powerful a State.
But the chances of Sardinia becoming an instrument of such a confederacy have keen di- minished by the events of late years, and by the new arrange- ments of Northern and Central Italy.
Till within the last fifteen years the Ciovemmeiit of Sardinia was swayed ky the influence of Aus- tria, and might have been sup- posed to be likely, in the event of a war between Austria and France, to give passage through Savoy to any Austrian force which might have wished to enter France in dial direction ; but of late years Sardinia has broken away from her connection with Austria, and has looked to France, and not in vain, for friendship and support Sardinia, therefore, is less likely thai i ever willingly to give pas- sive to a hostile force wishing to enter France, and it is ob- vious that Sardinia, increased in Strength, while the Austrian fron- tier is thrown back to the Mincio, i.t less likely iluin when she was much weaker, and when the Aus- trian frontier was ou the Ticino, to yield on compulsion that pas- sage to Austrian troops which she would not concede of her own freewill.
We may consider, therefore, as groundless the apprehension that Sardinia, retaining possession of Savoy, might open a passage
Vol. CII.
through that Province into Franc* to the troops of a hostile Con- federacy.
It seems, then, to Her Ma- jesty's Government, that the ar- gument in favour of the annexa- tion of Savoy to Franca, founded on the assumed insecurity of the French territory bordering upon Savoy, falls to the ground when it comes to be fairly examined.
11. Thouvenel says that this demand for the cession of Savoy to France ought not to give um- brage to any Power; that it is founded on a just balance of forces, and is especially pointed out by the nature of things, which has placed the French system of defence at the foot of the western slopes of the Alps.
But Her Majesty's Govern- ment must be allowed to remark, that a demand for cession of a neighbour's territory made by a State so powerful as France, and whose former and not very re- mote policy of territorial aggran- dizement brought countless ca- lamities upon Europe, cannot well fail to give umbrage to every Stale interested in the balance of power and in the maintenance of Uio general peace. Nor can that umbrage be diminished by the grounds on which the claim is founded ; because, if a great mi- litary Power like France is to de- mand tlie territory of a neighbour upon its own theory of what con- stitutes geographically its proper system of defence, it is evident that no State could be secure from the aggressions of a more powerful neighbour; that might and not right would henceforward be the rule to determine territorial pos- session ; and that the integrity and independence of the •maUar S
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
259
tpect for Treaties concluded by preceding Governments of France, and M. Thouvenel de- clares that this is a principle of conduct to which Hu Imperial Majesty will always make it to himself a law to remain faithful.
The declaration referred to by M. Thouvenel was no more than might have been expected from the just and enlightened Sove- reign by whom it was mode; aim the assurance given by M. Thouvenel that it will be strictly and inviolably observed must be gratifying to the allies of Prance, and satisfactory to the whole of Europe. But M. Thouvenel alleges that the present is an exceptional case, that changes which have taken place, and which are about to take place, in Italy, involve changes in the ter- ritorial arrangements established by existing Treaties, and that those Treaty arrangements ought not to be altered to the detriment of Franco.
Her Majesty's Government think they have shown that no detriment or danger to Franco would be the result of the changes now in progress in Italy ; but there is a State in whose integrity and indepen- dence all Europe takes a deep interest, and whose integrity and independence France, among other Towers, lias pledged her- self by Treaty to respect and maintain, and that State would suffer the most serious detriment, and would be exposed to the most serious danger ny the proposed transfer of Savoy from Sardinia to France-- It is needles* to say dial this State is Switzerland.
By the Treaties of Vienna, of 1815. the Powers of Europe, France included, acknowledged
and guaranteed the integrity and the perpetual neutrality of Swit- xerland, and as a security for that integrity and that neutrality, it was stipulated that the province* of ChabUls and of Faueigny, and all that portion of Bitot which is north of Ugine, shall form part of the neutrality of Switzerland, as acknowledged and guaranteed by the Contracting Powers ; and it was further stipulated that, in consequence thereof, whenever the Powers, neighbours of Swit- terland, should be actually at war, or whenever there should be an imminent danger of war, between them, the troops of the King of Sardinia, the Sovereign of Savoy, which may happen to be in those provinces, shall retire therefrom, passing, if necessary, through the Valals, and that no armed troops of any other Power shall either traverse or be sta- tioned in those provinces and ter- ritories, except such troops aa the Swiss Confederation shall think proper to place therein.
men is about Savoy, to which Prance U a party, were Intended as a security for Switzerland against danger coming from Franee ; but what would become of that security if Savoy were an- nexed to Franee, and if the very Power against which this access to Switzerland baa been barred, should become the owner of the barrier thus erected for the pro- tection of dia Confederation f It is. Indeed, implied in the despatch of M. Thouvenel, that Franee. In taking Savoy, would accent else the ensMeneiita by winch the King of Sardinia is bound, in regard to the neutral of that country : but It U no dit parigsenent to France to aay that ft ■-•
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tho early years of the present century, ore still fresh in the memory of mankind ; their re- newal would, indeed, be a deplor- able misfortune; and it cannot be surprising that the attention of nations and or their rulers should be directed, with anxious solicitude, to events which have a bearing both on the interests of the present and on the destinies of the future.
Your Excellency will read and pive a copy of this despatch to M. Thouronel.
I am, Ac., (Signed) J. 11cssf.il.
No. 5. — HI. Thnurenrl to Count Ftrtiguif. — {CommunkaUxl to
Is>rd J. Ruttell fcy Count Per- liijmj, March 87.)
Pkrim llurli 25, 1S«0. (Translation.)
M. le'Comte, — I have the honour to transmit to vou herewith copy of the despatch from Lord John Russ.ll, which Earl Cowley has been instructed to communicate to me officially, and which con- tains the replv of the Govern- ment of Her Kritannnic Majesty to the statement of the Govern- ment of the Emperor, concerning the annexation of Savoy and the Ammdisaetnent of Nice to France. I cannot but experience a very lively feel inn of regret that I have not succeeded, as I desired, in modifying an opinion which was already known to me through the previous communications of the English Ambassador; bat the prolongation of any discussion on this subject wonld have no practical result, and I prefer, rather than provoke a fresh ex-
change of explanations equally
Sainful to both countries, to con- ne myself to asserting that Lord John Russell's despatch has not the character of a protest. In a word, the Government of Her Britannic Majesty declares that it does not share the opinion of the Government of the Emperor: but this divergence docs not con- stitute an opposition of a nature - to affect the relations of the Cabinets of Paris and London. I am sincerely pleased at this, M. 1e Comte ; and there are only two points in Lord John Russell a argument which 1 wish to ex- amine summarily, so as to leave in the mind of Her Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State neither a misunderstanding nor a doubt as to our intentions. I believed that I had established that the Emperor, in making use In his Speech to the Great Bodies of the State of the word " reven- dication." had never had an idea of referring to any diplomatic act, or to any circumstance of other times. The explanations which I have given on this subject to His Majesty's representatives at the German Courts have been everywhere considered aa satis- factory as possible, and I had requested you to transmit to Lord John Russell a copy of the de- spatch which contains them. I renew these explanations to-day with the confidence that, on ex- amining them closer. Her Britan- nic Majesty's Government will not receive them leas favourably than the Powers to whom they were more especially addressed.
As for the neutrality of Switzer- land. M. le Comte, which Lord John Russell considers to be menaced by the annexation of Savoy to the territory of the Em-
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868
and distribution of power in Kurope. His Majesty the King of Sardinia is. tharefore, free, within tlie bounds of bis prero- gatives, to renounce the posses- sion of Savoy in favour of France. This primary point could uot be contested, and is not capable, in strict right, of being the object of any doubt, or of raising any legal difficulty.
In point of fact, however, the exercise of the sovereign right, in the matter of cession may hu subjected, by alternation.*! stipu- lations, to conventional !•■.:. i • tiuus. and it is thus that tin- Fe- deral Council thinks that it may rely upon a Convention uf 1 " u t, and the Treaties of 181b, in pre- tending tli at Sardinia < i,.u ; <iu> possess herself of Hav > i nalumi disregarding her engagementa.
The discussion is oonsequently reduced to ascertaining in what decree the Sardinian Government is bound by the documents to whirl) I have just alluded.
The Convention of I SOI. ex- clusively concluded between the Seigneurs of Heme and the Duke of Savoy, had for its ob- ject a partition and delimitations which more recent events have several times modi tied with- out complaint on the part of SwiUerhuid ; it referred to a situ- ation at id contingencies which liavc no analog)' with the present stmti- uf possession ; it became, therefore, extinct from ilia vary force of tiling* : and ho true is this [hat no mention was made of it in Uie Acts of Ittld. in which, however, care was Ukou to refer to tliti previous Conventions re- maining or maintained in foroe, especially to ill at of 17JU. Then remain, therefore, the Treaties of Vienna. What do ttwiy •lipulfts*,
and how did the Flenjpolcnuaiica cufue to an 11:411 -m- in HMD Ibf clauses which concern the con* irtnlitaiuMi of a part of Savoy? It behoves us, Ui order to define the character and bear- ing of these clauses, to refer here to the negotiations to which ther gave rise. Switzerland solicited, at the Congress of Vienna, as necessary for the defence of the southern frontier, the cession of various territories wludi were likewise rlauii..i 1 j ! .
■ if the King uf Sjudiuia- The Satdiuiaii I'lciiiputentiariei, after ]otigdisi.'U«»ioli»,coliM ■tiled In the demand uf the Swiss Confedera- tion, making, however, their con- sent dependent on a combina- tion conceived in the interest of Piedmont, and which they ini- tiated ; this combination it pre- cisely that one, the effect of <n hloh was to extend, in certain cases, the guarantees of the neutrality to the northern part of Savoy. " The Unde reigned,'' declared M. de St. Marsen, in In* Mr moron dum of Marcli in. - it auuVrtxod to consent, in favour of the Can- ton of Geneva, hi the cession of Ihefolli the FroTtn Chablais and r'aucign-r be eom- pnsa-l in the nentruJiiy of Ssit- a ruuid , lliot (he Sardinian tnwjis may be aide to retire bj 1 J the Valais; lliat no armed trou|M of any Power may »taj in i.r pose tbniugh llu-ae pru-iiiccs, u ito ibt 1 iivptiuo of those which lha Swiss Confederation may ei-n- sider it advisable to place there." 'This arrangement thus hatl fur it* id'joi-i to cover a portion of beioy, and Switzerland, by her m-'-iiiuiocvncc, took on herself the obligation of eniwrino, the execu- tion of it, by eBfegUf on (he
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 265
roent. Meanwhile, I consider it system of defence, retted on our useful now to recur with you to a most important places, shields as point which I confined myself to entirely from dangers analogous alluding to in my previous cor- to those with which we should respondence, and to dwell parti- have more than ever to deal on cularly on an objection which has another point, if Piedmont, in her been brought forward in the dis- new proportions, remained In missions to which the question possession of territories which has given rise. give access to the very heart of Analogies, in fact, are alleged, the Empire, On the Rhine the and out of them it is attempted peril has disappeared, whilst in to sow mi-trust. But do these the Alps it hss increased. Thus analogies rest on facts, snd does the situations which it is at- there really exist any relation tempted to assimilate, offer no between our position with regard resemblance : and tho so power- to the Alps and our situation on ful considerations which oblige the Rhine? Doubtless the us to Remand the annexation of Treaties of 1810 constituted in RavoyhavenopoBsible application the north a state of things not to the state of things in the east without resemblance to and con- and north of France. This eom- nection with that which now tub- bination will complete that which sists on the side of the Alps. Europe herself has adopted, by The Kingdom of the Low Coun- effacing the last trace of stipula- tries was created with a view tions manifestly conceived in a similar to that from which springs spirit of mistrust and aggression the territorial delimitation of Sar- towsrds us ; and, far from finding diuia. Like Sardinia, it had the ;D it a cause for uneasiness, Ger- guardianship of positions which many will have reasons to see in give it the power of giving up it only a fresh condition of sla- the approaches to, and the entry bility and duration to peace, into, our territory to foreign I beg you, M. le Comle, to be armies. After a period of fifteen good enough to read this despatch years these arrangements were to Lord John Russell, and to give profoundly modified, with the ),;m B copy of it concurrence of the Great Powers Receive, Ac. themselves. Belgium was formed, (Signed) Tnoimnt.
and her neutrality, recognised by
Europe, thenceforth covers alt ji0. 55.— Sir J.Hvdxm toljordj. the ]M>rtion of our frontier which RtuMtl.—(Rte*ivtd April 9.) was precisely the one most ex-
posed, and on account of which T"rl»- "*"* "' 18WL
France might nourish legitimate My Lord. — I have the honour
uneasiness. In one word, what- to inclose herewith the copy of a
ever menace to us in the north furtherproteals^nsliheceaaioo
the Treaties of 18I& offered, is by Sardinia of the neutral partes*
but a recollection consigned to Savoy to France, wbieh has been
the region of History by the Con- addressed to Count Cavoor by
ference of London. We have no the Swiss Minister at this Coert. longer on that side any species I have, Ac
of guarantee to claim ; and our (Signed) Jams Humor.
PUBLIC D0CDMKNT8.
a«r
lively demanding the assembly of a Conference, convoked exclu- sively for the consideration of this subject.
la liupo that the just right to which I appeal will be respected by the Government of His Ma- jesty the King of Sardinia, and that that Government may never forgot the consideration due to an old and friendly neighbour, I beg, to. (Signed) A. Tocjrra.
Nr>. 78.— Sir J. HwUon to Lord J. Huudl.—iHfiitd April b.)
Turin. April 3, leao. My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship copy of an Address from His Sardinian Majesty to lite people of Savoy and Nice.
I have, be. (Signed) James Hudson.
(Translation.)
To the Inhabitant* of Savoy and of Nioe : —
A Treaty concluded on the mill March determines that the union of Savoy and Nice to France shall take plane with the concurrence of the populations and the sanction of the IVIisv nieut.
However painful it may be for me to separate myself from pro- viticns which have for so long a period funned part of the do- minions of my ancestors, and to which I mii bound by so many recollections, I have had to lake into consideration that the terri- torial changes which the war in Italy led to, justified the demand which my august ally (he Km.
peror Napoleon addressed torn* with a view to effecting this union. I had, moreover, to take into account the vast services rendered by France to Italy, the sacrifices made in the interest of her independence, the ties which battles and Treaties have formed between the two countries. I could not, besides, Ignore the fast that the development of com- merce, the rapidity and ease of commuuieation, increase more and more every day the import-, once and the number of the rela- tions of Savoy and of Niee with France. Lastly, I could not for- get that great affinity In race, in language, and in manners, rendnr these relations continually closer and more natural.
Nevertheless, this great change In the destiny of the provinces cannot be imposed on you. It most be the result of your free consent. Such is my determined wish ; suoh is also the intention of the Emperor of the French. In order that nothing may hinder the free manifestation or your wishes, I recall those among the principal functionaries in the ranks of the Administration who do not belong to your country, and I replace them temporarily by several of your folio w-citiwns who have earned the esteem and regard of the public.
In circumstances of snch so- lemnity yon will show yourselves worthy of the reputation which vnu have acnnlred. If vim should have to seek a mm eVitinv. act in euan wise that the French, ■hell leeerre you at brvthrm whom they have long since l.anit to apfwrciau „„l tn ,.„,,,, tJ1 w. so thai your union lo France may heroine an additions! link between two ■
NNUAL REGISTER, 1860.
m all the ndvaiatnges losition of Geneva, le passes into Italy, r tie future for the of the peace of
}, from tho Swiss ir les Rapports entre
Savoie Neutral ise>," i a letter in the Po- rn London, which it
iv n s addressed to Wellington in 1815, lUtiea of Geneva at mgly umd that the y, which was mili- ,ed from Piedmont, iced under the aafe- a Swiss neutrality, nt historically true rftlizntiou of North .Lo.1 ft* ,..,.1, ■.;„„!„
Switzerland which is eomp lively weak. It appears tu that in the owe of "war beta Austria and Franco, the tit Government, having the t> rnsnd of the passes, mlyhl oer the Valals, atid take possesstw the road of tho : the other hand Austria, with I example before h»?r, might Ma the Via Main and tin* Sj.lu* In this conju»(?ttire. what aw become of the nmitrolitv flaan teed by the Great [\>wersf
The best security for Switt land, tbereforn, wniilri appear be a good defensible frontier.
There is, however, n last an uteii! I must no lie-', Ji jgfl that as Switzerland other sides, !
mum nh tho IU.ll
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
order to deliberate upon these new circumstances. It would teem that there could be little doubt about the object of such a Conference. Mar Majesty's Go- vernment, at all events, think that to provide a good defensible frontier for Switzerland would be the best mode of strengthening and securing the European guar- antee. As in the case of Savoy, such an arrangement is not to be made solely as a security against the present Government of France, but with a view to all who may come after ; and France, who was a party to the guarantee, has no right to deprive the other guaranteeing Powers of the col- lateral security of local means of defence which might tend to pre- vent the necessity of calling the guarantee into action.
Hut this question, simple and clear as it is, has become in- volved by the special pleas which bavo been used in behalf of the French Government.
In answer to this claim of Switzerland, it is said, in the first pliirc, that the northern dis- tricts of Savoy were neutralized, not at the request of Switzerland, but at the request of Piedmont.
This line of argument appears to us to be for from being conclu- sive. There can be no doubt that the neutrality of Belgium is, as M. Thouvcm.1 lately showed, of great advantage to France; and, supposing any proposition were made which wuuld weaken the security for that neutrality, it would tie no answer to the objec- tions of the French Government to sny that the Belgian neutrality waa chiefly established for the advantage of Belgium. France might and would maintain that the interests of France and
Europe were not to be for-
In the same manner, there cannot be a rational doubt that the neutrality of Switzerland, as established by Article XCI1. of the Treaty of Vienna, waa eon- - eeived in the interest of Switzer- land and of Europe, as well as of Piedmont
But even on the narrow ground of the origin of the neutrality of North Savoy, an then tie docu- ments fail to bear out the asser- tion that it was stipulated exclu- sively in the interest of Pied- mont. Our own records show the anxiety felt by the statesmen of Europe, lest, by commanding the Valais, Franca should have the independence of Switzerland at her mercy.
In a memorandum "Sur lea Frontiers* de la Suisse au Bud- dies t," communicated to the Conference of Vienna on the 25th of October, 1811, by Baron Humboldt, it is said, — " When France shall entertain projects hostile to Italy, she will have the greatest interest in getting pos- session of Geneva and the Cha- blais, in order to have the St. Bernard and the Simplon. The existence of Switzerland would be endangered if aha did not efficiently defend these passages. She must have given to her the means to do so ; that is to say, a good frontier, which shall pre- vent any attack by offering great difficulties to success."
In the same Memorandum it is said, after speaking of the Pays de Gei. " If the Canton of Ge- nera were not to touch the Swiss territory,— if it had not a good frontier, it would endanger and expose the rest of Switzerland, instead of strengthening it; and
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 271
be no doubt thit the possession various (\>urt» of Europe, on the
of the neutralized portions of subject of the nrntraiistcd dii-
Bavoy by France will expose Go- Wets of ^nvor, tier Majesty's
neva' to* great danger, both from Governi think tin' time la
Internal intrigue and external come to drutitt and fi* Urn yo%\-
aggression. Religious differences Uon they menu to assume on this
may be used to foment the former: question.
the advantageous position of Oe- The Treaty of Vienna, and the neva as a plate darmtt for the Act of Guarantee of Switzerland attack of Italy may be brought of the 30th of November, 1819, forward to impel and to excuse provide (hat, in case of wir ba- the latter. tween neighbouring Powers, cer-
lt is not tho part of Great tain parts of Savoy, namely, the
Britain to define the exact line of districts of Chablals, Fauclgtm
frontier which would give security and part of the Genevois, shall
both to Geneva and to the Valais. be comprised within the neutra-
Vour duly will be rather to llty of Switzerland, and that no
support that' lino which will take troops other than those of the
from Savoy the smallest portion Confederation shall occupy that
of territory consistently with the territory bo long as the war shall
efficient defence of Switzerland, last.
In all jour com mimical ions with Her Majesty's Government
the Swiss Representatives, you consider that this provision was
will inculcate upon them the ut- made no less in the interest of
most moderation, at the same Switzerland and of Europe, than
time that you assure them of the In that of Sardinia,
anxiety of Her Majesty's Govern- The documents in their pot-
merit to ohtain efficient guaran. session, tho records of Geneva,
tei's for the independence of and the correspondence of M.
Switzerland. Pictet de ltoehemont lately pub-
In speaking to M. Thouvenel lished, appear to them amply to
J on will avoid committing Her bear out this position. Injcity's Government to the ap. It appears to them that If probation of any proposal or sug- France and Sardinia were desl- cestion which may he considered rous of making a Treaty by which by the Federal Council of Switzcr- the sovereignty of Savoy should land as totally useless and mode- be transferred to France, It was quale for the purposo of future *h* duty °f Sardinia to confer security. with the Powers who signed the I am, Ac. Treaty of Vienna before com- (Signed) J. IUssei.i.. pleting the cession of territory of which she was not merely the Sovereign, but of which she held
No. m.-Lord J. lluMtil to Earl ** d'P°,9it for PV" •' 8**"
t0(f; Independence and European se-
'" rarity.
p.** .««. m.t is, is*.. n appeared to Her M.jesty'e
Mi 1»hi>. — After the comma- Government that if this was not
nications which have passed with done by Baidinja, it ought to
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. by France before Emperorof the French, the answer lould occupy Sa- mivilit have been doubtful. But ler of these were when the King of Sardinia had idem* to Her Ma- already absolved them from their cut that the de- allegiance, discarded them as his be cured by the subjects, and ceded them by rt of France, of Treaty, the only question which ■anteea as should remained was between France ubstitute for the and anarchy. No alternative was he provisions of offered, and no real choice could f the Treaty of take place. Switzerland, in Her Majesty's Government Savoy forming omit all argument as to the pro- lions of the King priety of a vote by universal suf- frage for the purpose of confirm- Government are inga Treaty. It is the first in- au undertaking stance of such a proceeding, and iil in time of war the circumstances have not been if Sardinia in re- such as to encourage a repetition itmliivd pints of of it. 10 such efficient Tin- question remains, what ia |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
278
vemment will instruct you fur- Ton will, of course, fully ua-
tber ; and in that cue you will derstand that nothing is changed
inform me of the reasons for in that part of the Treaty of Vi-
which the Government of France enna which binds the Powers who
declines to summon a meeting of were parties to it to maintain the
the Great Powers, which the Fa- neutrality of Switzerland, deral Council of Switzerland has I am, 4c.
so constantly demanded. (Signed) J. Bostux.
EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE AFFAIRS OF ITALY.
(Italian Papers, Past VI.)
Letter* Apoitolic of Hi* Holinet* Piu* IX., pronouncing theifajor Excommunication againtt the luraden and Usurper* of torn* Province* of the Pontifical State*.
(Translation.)
Topo Pius IX., in perpetual memory of the act.
The Catholic Church, founded and instituted by our Lord Jesus Christ for the eternal salvation of souls, having acquired, by virtue of its Divine institution, the form of a perfect society, she should, consequently, enjoy Buch liberty as to render her, in the discharge of her sacred ministry, independ- ent of all civil power. And as, for her due freedom of action, sin' stood in need of those safe- guards which bclitu-d the charac- ter and requirement'; of the times, it hence followed, by a singular iliq it 'ligation of Divine Provi- dence, that, on the fall of the Roman Ktuuire, and its subse- quent dismemberment into vari- ous provinces the Roman Pontiff, whom Chri.-t constituted the head and centre of hU entire Church, acquired a temporal sovereignty. And this, undeniably, was a most
Vol. CI I.
wise provision of the Almighty, to the end that amid such a number and variety of temporal Princes the Sovereign Pontiff might enjoy that political inde- pendence ao highly essential to the uncontrolled exercise of his spiritual power, authority, and jurisdiction, throughout the whole world. And this was evidently just, in order that the Christian world might have no ground for apprehension that tlits See should, at any time, be swayed in its universal administration by the pressure of civil governments, or party intrigues, — this Holy See towards which, on account of its declared pre-eminence, A* univtrtml Church tkoiild refer.
We can, however, easily under- stand how tins sovereignty, though partaking of a temporal charac- ter, is, nevertheless, indued with a spiritual nature, in virtue of ila sacred mission, and of that close bond wherewith it is associated with the chief interests of Chris- tianity. This, however, is no hindrance to the due fulfilment of those requirement* which con- duce to the temporal happiness of the people, a* the history of the civil government, for so many ages administered by the Roman T
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. ividently demon- as to vaunt openly of their reve- rence and devotion for this , the temporal Church. And what is most wo speak tends lamentable of all is, that such Sj and advantage wicked conduct stains the cha- it is not to he racter of more than one of those nit her enemies personages who, as children of striven, by nil the Church, should exert in her gues and endea- defence and protection that au- tnine and over- thorny which they exercise over h execrable at- their own subjects. r, thanks to the In the fraudulent and perverse i wherewith God machinations of which we com- hurch, have all, plain, the foremost actor is un- proved abortive, doubtediy the Sardinian Govern- out to the whole ment ; and it has been sometime these lamentable universally known how great and ;ed maliguers of manifold have been the wrongs lurch, a&outinabU inflicted in that kingdom against and ipsokirtg iiei the Church, her rights, and her ipiously strive to sacred ministers, for which pro- |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 275
peror of Austria and the Allied of this violation, tn consequence Sovereigns, the Emperor of the of our reiterated warnings and French and the King of Pied- remonstrances, should have de- mont, no treachery or wicked siated from this malign infant, contrivance was left unattempted especially as all the Catholle to induce, at any cost, the snb- Bishops, and the faithful of every jeota of onr Pontifical jnriedio- grade, dignity, and condition tion to infamous revolt To this committed to their charge, unit- end revolutionary agents were ing their complaints with cmrs, dispatched, money lavishly dis- gave us their prompt and unani- pensed, arms supplied, and popu- mous aid in upholding the cause lar excitement stirred up by of this Apostolic Bee, of the wicked writings and journals. Universal Church, and of justice, and, in fine, every manner of folly convinced bow necessary deceit was practised, even by the temporal sovereignty Is to those acting as Diplomatic Re- insure the independent jnrisdle- presentatives of that Government tion of the Sovereign Pontiff, in Rome, who, ,in utter defiance But the Sardinian Government of the right of nations, and every — it is with horror thai we men* principle of rectitude, shamefully tion the fact — not only disre- abosed their privilege by darkly garded our admonitions, remon- plotting against our Pontifical ■trances, and ecclesiastical can- Government. sores, but still persisting in Its
A sedition afterwards breaking iniquity, having illegally extorted,
out in some of our provinces— by bribery, threats, intimidation,
the result of long and covert and every wily art, the suffrages
designing— a Itoyal Dictatorship of the people, did not hesitate to
was forthwith proclaimed by cer- invade and occupy our before-
tain partisans, and Commissaries mentioned provinces, and subject
were chosen without delay by the them to Its power and dominion.
Sardinian Government, who, af- Words are nut weak to express
tcrwards, under a different desig- our abhorrence of this outrage,
nation, assumed the government which, in Itself, implies the com-
of those provinces. mittal of manifold and exceeding
While these events were pass- crimes ; for a grave sacrilege hat
ing, we, mindful of our most been perpetrated, through which,
momentous duty, did not neglect, at once, the rights of others have
in two of our Allocutions, de- been usurped, contrary to all law,
livered respectively on the 30th human and Divine, every reason
Juno and the 26th September of of justice subverted, and the basis
last year, to complain in the of all civil power and all human
strongest terms of the infringe- society completely undermined, ment of the temporal rights of On this account, while on the
Urn Holy Sec, and st the same one band we are convinced, not
time aeriomly tn admonish the without sorrow of heart, that
atrtjresion! of the censures and further remonstrances would be
(tenuities prescribed by Canon of no avail to those who, "as
aw, which they bad lamentably the deaf adder closing lis ears,"
incurred. It was, indeed, reason- would remain insensible to ill
able to expect that the authors our warning and complaint, we, T 3
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 277
thereto, in order to obtain the questioned, or made the subject
benefit of absolution. of legal debate ; nor can any per-
At the moment, however, that, son institute "or obtain in their
forced by sad necessity, we fulfil detriment the benefit of the tiptri-
with sorrow this part of our duty, tioorii, restitution in integrum, or
wo forget not that we are the that of the jut, factum, or gratia,
earthly vicar of Him " who will- or any such like whatsoever, nor
cth not the death of a sinner, could such benefit be obtained,
but rather that he should be con- whether conceded and issued
verted and live:" and who "came mota, icimtia, or pottttatU mind-
into the world to seek and to save tudim with equals, can it in any
that which was lost." Wherefore, manner avail them in judgment
in all humility of heart, with for- or otherwise ; but we will that
vii] and incessant prayer, we im- these presents endure, and re-
plore and beseech his divine main binding, valid, and eraea-
mercy, tliat be may deign to en- cious for ever, and that they ob-
lighten with his heavenly grace tain a full and entire effect, and
all tlioso against whom we aro be inviolably and fixedly ad-
constrained to award the ecclesi- hered to by those whom they
asiicnl penalties, and that, in his now concern, or shall concern at
omnipotent power. He may lead any future time. And such, and
ilium back from the way of per- not diversely, must be the doci-
diliou to the path of salvation. sion and definition to be given of
And we declare that these let- the foregoing by the judges ordi- ters, and every clause therein nary, by the delegates, auditors contained, even though the above- of causes in the Apostolic I'alace, mentioned or other persons hav- and cardinals of tho Holy Roman ing or pretending to have an in- Church, as also by the legates tercst in the things aforesaid, no a Latere, the Nuncios of the Holy matter what may be their condi- See, and all others whatsoever, Hun. degree, rank, distinction, or invested or to be invested with dignity, or whether they bo worthy whatsoever rank or power, each of s|H)cial name and mention, may and all of them being deprived not have consented to them : and of the faculty of judging and in- alihough they may not have been terpreting otherwise ; and if any sued, cited, end interrogated, and person whatsoever, no matter tlie motives for which we have what his authority may be, should published the said letters be not adjudicate diversely on these mat- bufticiently htaled, verified, and ten, whether it be knowingly or justified, or through any other unwittingly, lot the decision bo cause, semblance, pretest, or mo- null and void, live, they can never, in whatso- The foregoing, being in no way ever manner, be attacked on the impaired or impugned by any rule plea of subreption, obreption. or of ours and our Apostolic Chan- nullity, or the absence of our eery, 4* jur# qiuuito mm toOtnma, fixed intent, or the absence of or by other Apostolic Constitu- te.■ consent of die parties into- lions or Ordinances, or by any rested, or of any other deficiency statutes, customs, us eg—, or whatsoever; neither can they be styles immemorial or otauaawi, impugned, infringed, retracted, even whan corroborated by oath,
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. nation, or any by and to the effect of the forego- liiii'iinou, or by iag, for this time and purpose j^c», iiulults, or only, specially and expressly ab- : to the persons rogato, and will that they all , or to any other aforesaid shall be abrogated, ver, of whatso- And since these present let- ,1 or secular nab ters cannot with safety be pub- vliat'Ver maimer lished everywhere, and especially ipable of being in those places where they are ipropriale terms, niost needed, as is well known, 1 or tcnour of we will that they, or copies of r, with whatever them, be posted and published ees to the con- on the doors of the Late ran ;going Ibe same Church and of tlie J3asilica of i conceded, set the Prince of the Apostles, and irred, howsoever also on the doors of the Apos- a|)]iioved, con- tolie Chancery, and of the Gene- ewed, even when ral Curia at the Monte- Citorio, preceding dero- and in the Campo dei Fiori, u* ragged in other is (he custom; and, being thus or derogatory, published and posted, they shall |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
279
Letter* Apostolic vera posted tunl published at the doora of the Lateran and Vatican Basilicas, at those of the Apostolic Chancery and of the Gran Curia Innoceu- ziana, and in Campo di Fiori, by mo, Luigi Barafini, Deputy Apos- tolie. Filippo Own, Hiss** Dq*ty.
No. 00.— The King °S Sardinia to Pop* Fiut IX.
(Translation.)
Turin, March 20, 1340,
Moat Blessed Father, — The events which have taken plaao in the Ilomagna make it my duty to explain to your Holiness with respectful candour the raaaona of my conduct.
Ten continuous yean of fo- reign occupation in the Ilomagna, while they have done great wrong and injury to the independence of Italy, have not been able to giro order to society, nor rest to the people, nor authority to the Go- vernment.
When the foreign occupation consod. the Government fell with- out any movement towards lifting it up again or re ■establishing it. The people of the Ilomagna, looked upon as ungovernable, when left to themselves showed, by conduct which received the applause of Europe, how the civil and military order and dis- cipline which rule the moat civi- lised nations might be introduced among them.
But the incertitude of a pM- carious condition bat too long continued was dangerous to Italy and to Europe On the dissipa- tion of the bopea of an Knxopean Congress before which the quea- tiona of Central Italy should be
brought, no other solution was seen to be possible hot that of again interrogating the people themselves upon their future des- tinies.
The resolve for annexation with the Constitutional Monarchy of Piedmont being re-confirmed with such solemnity by universal suf- frage, it was my duty, for the peace and welfare of Italy, to accept it definitively. But, for that same object of peace, I an ■till always disposed to render homage to the high sovereignty of the Apostolic See.
1, a Catholic Prince, feel that I cannot act against the immut- able principle* of that religion which it is my glory to tirofci with filial and unalterable obe- dience).
But the change winch has now been effected regards the political interests of the nation, the secu- rity of the State*, the moral and civil order of society ; it regards the independence of Italy, for which my father lost his crown, and for which I would be ready to lose my life. The difficulties now existing relate to a mode of territorial dominion which the force of events has rendered ne- cessary. To this necessity every Sovereignty has been obliged to assent, and even the Holy Baa has acknowledged the same, an- ciently and in modern times.
In such modifications of so- vereignty, justice and civil State reasons (" raiaon d'Etat ") direct that every care be taken to con- ciliate ancient rights with the new order of things, and there- fore it is that, confiding in the grace and judgment of your Ho- • tineas. I pray yon to facilitate this task lor my Gorerraaaat,
|
[UAL REGISTER, 1860. igence to arrive Church impose on your Majesty object. the obligation, as you write to ibss should re- mo, of accounting to me for your ence the present behaviour in respect to them. I utiation, my Go- might contest certain assertions Lo offer homage contained in jour Majesty's letter, ereignty uf the and say, for instance, that the would be also foreign occupation in the Lega- ■ in a just pro- tions had been for some time dilution of the past confined to the city of Bo- eoneur in pro- logna, which never was apart of eurity and hide- thcRonia^na. I might answer that Apostolic See. the protended universal suffrage riceie intentions, was not spontaneous, but im- lieve, the wishes posed: and here I abstain from now that I have, asking your Majesty's opinion on tti-erity, declared univi>al suffrage, as well as from fOUt lluliness, I declaring to you my decision. 1 li'liTiiiination in might answer that the Papal .lough the good- troops were hindered from re- Jo vernrncnts, an establishing the legitimate Oo- ^W^lj^liich^^rnincn^^h^nsurceiv^^ |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
pation which is being accom- plished to the loss of the Stales or the Church, and leave on the conscience of jour Majesty, and nil abettors of this act of spolia- tion, the fatal consequences which mar ensue.
1 am persuaded that your Ma- jesty, in reading over, with a mind more tranquil, less preju- diced, and better acquainted with the real facts, the letter which you addressed to me, will find much to repent of.
I pray the Lord to grant yon that grace of which, in your pre- sent difficult position, you have so great need.
(Signed) Pios PP. IX. Tbe Vntiou, April 2, 1860.
(Itauah Papbrb, Part VII.)
Further Cobresto.idescr rr- latinu to tiik affairs ot Italy. Part VII.
No. 1.— Lord J. Iluuell to Lord A. Lo/iiu.
Porcign l'IE<-o, ll»j S, I860.
(Extract.)
In regard to Italy, where our views and those of Austria are divergent, it is easy to say that the spirit of a liberal policy has been invoked, in order to cloak ambitious views of conquest and aggrandizement. Hut whether Uic Sardinian Government hare been animated by views of con-
Jucst and aggrandizement, or by ■c purest love of liberty and of Italy, is not, in fact, the question. The question is, whether, ad- mitting— which we are willing to admit — that it is desirable that the Neapoliian Dynasty should retain its sway over Naples and
Sicily, its present course is likely to attain that end.
For, if the Government of Southern Italy should be marked by tyranny, injustice, and oppres- sion, while that of Northern Italy is conspicuous for freedom, jus- tice, and liberality, our observa- tion tolls us that the people of Southern Italy will, sooner or later, join their Northern breth- ren, and ask to be governed by the same Sovereign. Nor will it matter in that day whether pure patriotism or selfish ambition bo the ruling motives of the King of Sardinia. The effects will be precisely the same — revolution and annexation.
We hope, therefore, that the Government of Austria will ad- vise the King of the Two Sicilies to adopt a policy of justice, libe- rality, and moderation.
It may not be necessary or de- sirable to introduce at this time a Representative Constitution in the Kingdom of Naples. The people of that country may bo too ignorant to appreciate its benefits; but every country un- derstands the difference between a Government which is unjust and cruel, and one which is just and humane.
You will communicate these observations to Count Reehberg, and, iffyou think proper, read him this despatch- No. 9.— Proclamation of Garibaldi to tkt Sieitian*. (Translation.)
Italians! — The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy, and for Italy. It is tbe duty of every Italian to succour them with words, money, and anna, and, above all, in person.
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. ps of Italy arise once for nil, to the miseries of so :nce of one pro- many centuries, Prove to the of the others, world that it is no lie dial Roman 11 of Italy began generations inhabited this land. t that iiK'ii of tlie (Signed) G. Garibaldi. o help their ilia- elves, the brave No. 50.— Lord J. HimoU to Earl vc to tight, not Cowley. lii-s oi" the Dour- _ „ ,, ,, „„„ nosa of Austria FDrsign Offict, July 20, 1860. Home. My Lord, — The French aa»- tante of the free bassadov read to me yesterday a eir voices in be- despatch which he had received ggling brethren, from M. 'I'houvenet, and of which brave youth to the following is the substance : — After acknowledging the coto- 168, [Imbria, Sa- nmnicatiou made to him by your Neapolitan, rise Excellency in pursuance of my •cos of our enc- despatch to you of the 23rd in- stant in regard to tin; affairs of j^ufHceiu^o^^nid^^^i^ThiMiverjo^nroceeded^^^ |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 283
The position of iSun had, served for consideration, but we however, become more urgent should announce that no foreign since H. do Peraigny had been assistance ahoold be allowed to first instructed to apeak to me intervene in the aettlement of on the subject, for the Neapolitan the question between King Fran- troops had in fact evacuated their eia IL and his Neapolitan sub- atrongholds in Sicily ; Garibaldi jeets.
was master of the whole island, Having consulted the Cabinet and was expected to make an upon the contents of this com- immediate descent on the main- munioation, I informed H. da- land ; alarm reigned at Naples, Peraigny that Her Majesty's Oo- from whence a flight to Oaeta vernment were of opinion that was already contemplated. It no esse bad been made out for a waa not a question of interfering departure on their part from between a Sovereign and his sub- their general principle of non- jects, but waa simply this : would intervention. France and England assist, with- That the fore* of Garibaldi waa out doing anything to modify, not in itself sufficient to over- the course of events whieh threat- throw the Neapolitan Monarchy, ened the severest blow to the If the navy, army, and people European equilibrium; would of Naples were attached to the they suffer a country with which King, Garibaldi would be de- they maintained the usual rem- Tested ; if, on the contrary, they lions, to be invaded by an army were disponed to welcone Gen- composed of revolutionary e!e> baldi, our interference would be tncnta and of foreigners: and an intervention in the internal would they allow outrage to in- affairs of the Neapolitan King- tcrfero with tbo constitutional dom.
experiment to which the King It could not be concealed that
Francis II. liad so loyally sub- some of the nominations of the
milted? King are reason to fear his
M. Thouvenel then proceeded want of steadiness in a constitu-
to aay that his Government did tional course. That if France
not think that France and Eng- and England should slop Gari-
land, with a due regard for their baldi, and a conn ter-re volution
own interests and dignity, could should take place, we should ran-
submit to remain passive spec- der ourselves responsible for the
tators of such events, and that evils that might ensue,
he had, therefore, said to your If France ehoae to interfere
Excellency, as you report in your alone, we should merely disap-
deHpatoh of the 3«th instant, that prove bar course, and protest
under present circumstances he against it In our opinion, the
thought it indispensable that the Neapolitans ought to be the mee-
commandsra of our naval forces ters either to reject or to receive)
should at once be authorised to Garibaldi. The Neapolitan navy,
declare to General Garibaldi that if faithful to the King's ranee,
they had orders to prevent him would protect bis dominions from
from crossing the strait The invasion. But we eoold not
internal policy of Sicily and of deny that the young King must
the mainland would thus be re- be liable to *
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* U A L REGISTER, 18G0. id derived from have, as well as M. Thonvenel, inittff fuL' Lvian- lively apprehension. They are peated breaches convinced that a friendly and constant interchange of opinions nt that even if between England and France Roman States has a tendeney to remove mis- nmons of Gari- apprehension and maintain har- ■al would not at- niony between them, it was held by a It is to be remarked, that for ieh had made it- many yearn the policy of France y its discipline has been more active in tho af- lct; nor would fairs of Italy than that of Great iinia attack Aus- Britain. France, under the Tte- inec of Venetia, public, thought it incumbent of the French upon her to invade the Roman is support to so States, to restore the Pope, and aggression. to leave in Rome a division of :c, her army, which still continues J. Russell. to occupy that ci!y. France, un- der the present Emperor, thought it her duly and her interest to fly John SusuU to 59 "1<: stlccour o1' "1C King of ^ftr- |
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France nor Austria, ought to govern in Italy.
When, therefore, the Count da Persigny, by order of his Govern- nun it, consulted the Government of Her Majesty respecting the invasion of Sicily, and ihu im- pending extension of tlie civil war to Naples, I answered at once that if the two Govern- ments were to confine them- selves to advice. Garibaldi would not listen; Hint if Uiey used or threatened armed interference, tli.y would lie resorting to that intervention by force which both Governments had so repeatedly disclaimed. At a subsequent period, the proposal of the Count <1« IVrsigny to tend orders by telegraph to the French and British Admirals to stop the ex- pedition of Garibaldi to Naples or Calabria, left no donbt in my mind of the nature of the inter- vention which was in contempla- tion.
I explained to M. dc Peraigny that, iu the eyes of Her Majesty's Government, such an interven- tion would be objectionable on two grounds, viz.: —
1st. As Wing in contradiction to the principle which Great Britain had long professed, of not interfering in the internal concerns of foreign countries. For if. I said, it was true that Garibaldi should ho considered a foreigner, and should find no Biip[>ort in the country, he would bo easily defeated by the faithful army of the King of Naples. Itut if the Neapolitans preferred the King of Sardinia to their own Sovereign, how could France and Great Britain consistently impose on them a Government to which they are averse'.'
9ndly. But supposing the ques-
tion of principle to be put aside bb inapplicable, great responsi- bility would be incurred by Great Britain and France should they attempt to cover with their gua- rantee the Constitutional Govern- ment of the King of Naples. In the opinion of Uer Majesty's Go- vernment, it was desirable that the King of Naples should be allowed some interval of time to show the sincerity of his new course. Her Majesty's Govern' ment had therefore interfered so far as to advise the Sardinian Government both to enter into friendly relations with the Nea- politan, and to use the personal influence of the King to restrain the further enterprises of Gari- baldi. I may add, that this is the only step in regard to the Italian policy of Her Majesty's Govern- ment which has not been gene- rally approved by public opinion. But to go further than this, and to answer for the sincerity and perseverance of the King of Na- ples in his Constitutional course, would be that kind of insur- ance which is technically termed doubly hazardous. The King of Naples has too profound a re- spect for the maxims of govern- ment professed by his father, and too filial a regard for the prece- dent set by that Sovereign, to t'ustify either foreign nations or lis own subjects in on implicit reliance on his continuance in the path of Constitutional re-
Wc have now to contemplate the contingencies of the future. Let us suppose, therefore, that Naples has fallen to Garibaldi, and that Hinbriu and the Marches have, like Bologna, renounced the temporal authority of the l'opc; let us suppose, further, that the
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. ia is determined Grand Duke at Florence, toge- his word pledged ther with the requisition by Aus- ' Zurich, and that tria of a huge indemnity for the lake a war of ag expenses of the war, would not 'cnetia. Her Ma- bring on the active interposition nent would bold of France, The prospect of loa- e utterly unjusti- in>,r Tuscany and tbe Legations muld then leave in addition to Savoy and Nice, rdinia to reap the and of boing burdened with a faith and of his large debt to pay for the arrna- >uld not dispute ments of Austria as well as for le results of that those of Sardinia herself, may ;e results embrace well deter Count Cavour, or the of Lombardy. most adventurous of his succea- nf France, it must sore in the Ministry, from under- lerent. The Em- taking a new war. mvenet says, is Great Britain will at any time most solemn en- be ready to use her influence to naiutain for Sar- preserve peace in Europe. She ession of Lorn- does not expect that Austria, is said that en- after behig made sensible of the be extended to evils attending ber Italian policy. |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
287
The fortune of wir has been against u». The daring enter- priae which that Sovereign in the moat forma] manner protested he ignored, and which neverthe- less pending the Treaties for an intimate alliance, received in his States principally help and sup- port; that enterprise which the whole of Europe, after having proclaimed the principle of non- intervention, looks at with in- difference, leaving as slons to struggle against the common enemy, is on the point of extend- ing its unhappy effects even to our capital. The hostile forces are approaching us nearly.
On the other hand, Sicily and the provinces of the continent long since and in all ways under- mined by revolution, having risen under so much pressure, have formed Provincial Government* with the title and under the no- minal protection of that so- vereign, and have confided to a pretended Dictator the authority and the full arbitrament of their destinies.
Powerful in our rights founded on history, on international Trea- ties, mid on the public law of Europe, while wo depend on pro- longing, as long as possible, our defence, we are not less deter- mined to make every sacrifice to sjiare Uio horrors of s struggle Mid of anarchy to this vast me- trojiolis, the glorious seat of anti- quity, tliu cradle of the arts and the civilization of the kingdom.
In consequence, we will move with our army outside our walls, confiding in die loyalty and in die uil'cctioti of our subjects for tin1 maintenance of order and the rcs|iect to the authorities.
In taking such a resolution, wt)
feel at the same time the duty which is dictated to ns by our ancient and unshaken rights, our honour, the interests of our heirs and successors, and, still more, of our beloved subjects, and we strongly protest against all the acta hitherto consummated, and the events which have taken place, or will happen hereafter.
We reserve all our titles and prerogatives, springing from the sacred and incontestable rights of succession, and from Treaties, and we solemnly declare all the above-mentioned acts and occur- rences null, void, and of no value, resigning, as far as concerns ns, into the hands of an omnipotent Qod our cense and that of our people, in the pure conviction of not having entertained, in the brief space of our reign, a single thought which was not conse- crated to their good end to their felicity. The institutions which we have irrevocably guaranteed to them are the pledge of this.
This our protest will be by us transmitted to all the Courts, and we wish that, signed by ns. fur- nished with the seal of our Royal Arms, and countersigned by our Minister for Foreign Affairs, It may be preserved in our Royal Office for Foreign Affairs, by the President of the Council of Mi- nisters, and of Grace and Justice, as a monument of our firm wish bo oppose always reason and right to violence a '
(Signed) PsuHcm. (Signed) O. de Martino.
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. . Hudnon to Lord which Lave succeeded in Sicily foceired September and the Kingdom of Naples. The presence of foreign troops, oflen- «-)itc[ii]..;ri7, ISuf). sive to iiiitious.il feeling, iind op- have the honour posed to the manifestation of the ewith copies and popular vote, will infallibly ex- a note addressed tend disturbances to the adjoin- ir to Cardinal An- jug provinces, f the Cat-dinars The intimate relations between in the subject of thc inhabitants of the Marches i in the Marches ami [Jmbria and the provinces ind thc motives annexed to the States of the luced Sardinia; to King, and the reasons of order territories. a,,j security of his own dotui- have, &c. nions, compel His Majesty's Go- James Hudson, verunient to apply an immediate remedy to these evils. The con- science of King Victor Emmanuel 1 Cm-our to Car- will not allow him to remain an Aittuiu-iti, idle spectator of the sanguinary SL-piambur 7, l3Uo. repression with which the arms |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
Trusting that your Eminence will forthwith communicate the derision taken by the Govern- ment of Ilia Holiness hereupon, 1 have, Ac., (Signed) C. Cavour.
No. 88.— Cardinal Antontlli to Count Ciivout. (Trans lo lion.) Rom*. 9.'|>tcinW 11, lSflO.
Excellency, — Without taking into considc ration the channel through which your Excellency thought fit to transmit to me vour despatch of the Tth instant, 1 liave endeavoured as calmly as possible to direct my attention to what your Excellency has stated to me in the name of your So- vereign, and I cannot conceal from you that in so doing I did no little violence to my feelings.
The new principles of inter- national law put forward in your statement might, in fact, render any reply on my part unneees- sary, being, as they are, in too flagrant opposition to those which have a) whys been universally re- cogui/ed by Governments and nations.
Nevertheless, stung to the quick by the charges brought against the Government of His ■tidiness, I cannot refrain from observing, in the first place, that thi' accusation brought against the troops recently formed by the 1'apal Government is as ground- less and unjust as it is injurious; and. secondly, that no terms can qualify the insult uf denying that I lovernment a right shared by all other Government*, this being the first instance in which a Go- vernment has been forbidden to have foreign troops in its service
Vol. CI I.
— ft practice existing, indeed, at this present moment in many European States.
And while on this subject, it seems the moment to mention that, considering the character of the Chief Pontiff as common Father of all the Faithful, still less could he be prevented from enrolling among his soldiers the numbers who, from different parts of the Catholic world, came forward in the defence of the Holy See and the states of the Church.
Nothing, in the next place, could be more false and insulting than to attribute to the Panel troops the disorders which unfor-
necessary at this moment to pro- ceed to the proof; for history has already recorded the cha- racter and origin of the troops who by force have overawed the freewill of the populations, and the nature of the arti&ces put into play to throw into confusion the greater part of Italy, and to ruin everything most inviolable and sacred by right and justice.
And with respect to the con- sequences which it is wished, to charge upon the lawful action of the Papal troops in repressing the rebellion of Perugia, it would have been, in truth, better logic to attribute them to the foreign instigators of the revolt; and you. Count, know too well from what quarter came the impulse, from what quarter money, arms, and means of every kind wen supplied, end whence came thai instructions and orders to rise.
Everything, therefore, leads so the conclusion that the imputa- tions cast on the soldiers of the
NNUAL REGISTEH,
J. Hudson to Lord —(lleceived September
a, Septeralwr 17, i860. —I have the honour ic re with copies and Df ft note addressed vour to Cardinal An-
of tho Cardinal's ipon the subject of iion in the Marohes , and tlic motives induced Sardinia to ?al territories.
I have, &c. d) James Hudson.
unt Cavour to Car- ■d AiUonetli.
in, September 7, I860.
Mliirli have succeeds and the Kingdom of N presence of foreigu tP gtvfl to national Witi posed to (ha manifeaj popular vote, will in tend disturbances to ing provinces.
The intimate rclatio the inhabitants of tfe and Umbria ond th* annexed to the 8t» King, and the rmxtx
nions, compel His Ml vemment to apply on remedy to these evils science of King VicWP will not allow him to idle spectator of the repression with whicl
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 291
the well being of my people; ell that the preponderance of
mid. with due respect to the Austria in Italy wis dangerous
Catholic religion, but leaving to the European equilibrium ;
every man free in the sanctuary and bow many risks the inde-
of ilia own conscience, and pendenoe and liberty of Pied-
strengthening civil authority, I mont ran, if the remainder of
openly resulted that obstinate the Peninsula were not cmsnoi-
and persecuting faction which pated from foreign influence,
boasts of being the only friend My magnanimous ally, the
and guardian of Thrones, but Emperor Napoleon III., felt that
which pretends to ooutrol in the the cause of Italy was worthy of
name of Monarcha, and to inter- the great nation over which ho
pose between the Prince and his rules. The new destinies of ottr
people the barrier of its own country were inaugurated by a
intolerant passions. just war- Italian soldiers fought
These forms of government bravely by the side of the in-
could not fail to influence the vincible legions of France. Yc-
rcst of Italy. Concord between lunteers from every province, and
the Prince and the people in pro- from every Italian family, under
pounding national independence the banner of the Cross of Savoy,
and civil and political liberty, a demonstrated that all Italy hsid
parliament and a free press, an invested me with the right of
army which had saved the mill- speaking and of fighting in her
tary Italian tradition under the name.
tricolour banner, made of Pied- Stale reasons imposed a eon-
mont the champion and the elusion to the war, but not to the
strong arm of Italy. The strength consequences, which gradually
of my Principality is not derived developed themselves by the in-
froni the arts of an occult policy, flexible logic of events and of
hut from the open influx of ideas, peoples,
and public opinion. Had I the ambition which is
Thus I was enabled to main- imputed to my family, not taking
tain, in that part of Italy which into account the course of events,
was united under my sceptre, the I might have been satisfied with
idea of a national Government, the acquisition of Lombardy. Bat
which should bring the divided I had lavished the precious blood
provinces into the harmonious of my soldiers, not for myself,
concord of one sole nation. but for Italy.
Italy understood my idea when I had called Italians to arms :
tny soldiers fought side by side some Italian provinces had ebang-
wiih tiio armies of two Great ed their internal government tot
Western Powers on the battle- concur in the war of independ-
ficlds of tho Crimea. I sought ence which their rulers abhorred,
to make Italy enter into the After the Peace of Yillafranoa.
reality of facta and of European those provinces claimed my pro-
interests, lection against the threatened
At die Paris Congress my restoration of the former Govem-
lh-legatcs were enabled, for the ments. If the deeds of Central
first time, to speak of your wrongs Italy were a consequence) of the)
to Europe. It was manifest to war to which we bad invitod tba
U a
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203
voted to Italy and U> me, flew to the rescue: they were Italians, 1 could not and ought not to re- strain tlieiu. The fall of the Government of Naples confirmed that which my heart knew already, namely, that to the King the love, and to the Government the re- spect, of the people are indis- pensable. In the Two Sicilies Iho new system was inaugurated in uiy name. But muuu acts ex- cited the fear that the policy re- presented by my name was not properly interpreted in every re- spect. All Italy feared that, un- der die cloak of a glorious popu- larity of a long-tried probity, the attempt would bo made to revive a faction ready to sacrifice the approaching triumph of the na- tion to the chimeras of their am- bitious fanatic is. ui. All Italians turned to me to avert this dan- ger; it was my duty to do it, for now it would not be moderation and wisdom, it would be nothing but i in prudence and weakness on my part, not to assume will) a strong hand the direction of the national movement, for which I am responsible in the face of Kuro|ie. 1 sent my soldiers into the Marches and I'mbria, scat- tering the assemblage of fo- reigners of all nations and lan- guages.— that strongest form of foreign intervention, and the worst of all.
1 have proclaimed Italy for the Italians, and 1 will not (icrmit Italy to become a focus for cos- iiui|i.ihuii sects who may meet there to contrive schemes of re- action or of universal demagogic intrigues.
Peoples of Southern Italy !
My troops advance among you to maintain order. I coma not
to impose my will ; bat to make yours respected.
You may freely manifest it Providence, who protects the cause of the just, will suggest the vote which you should place in the urn.
Whatever the gravity of events, 1 await calmly the judgment of civilized Europe and of history, conscious of having fulfilled my duties as a King and as an Italian.
My policy will, perhaps, not bo inefficacious in reconciling tha progress of nations with the sta- bility of Monarchy.
As for Italy, I know that there I bring to a close the era of revo- lutions.
Given at Ancona, this 0th of October, 1600.
(Signed) Victor Eitauxoax. (Signed) Fsbimi.
Foreign Office, October 1 5, 1 8*0.
Sir, — Uer Majesty's Govern- ment do not think it probable that the Pope will leave Rome ; but bis position will be very disa- greeable to himself, and very odious to the Romans. The French, on their side, will find it difficult to prevent the villages in the neighbourhood of Boms from rising in insurrection.
It would have been much better that the Pope should bate retained and exercised his spiri- tual Authority under the protec- tion of a Sardinian Government and a Sardinian army. The theory that his independence as a '
poral Sovereign is necessary to ' of bis sptritoel
the free <
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. io longer capable of Sardinia into tlie Neapolitan When the l'opc territory, and lias wilhdrawn hia ects who paid him entire Mission from Turin. ce, he was secured The Trince Regent of Prussia i^ivs.-ion by the lias also thought it necessary to ; ot' Europe. Cut convey to Sardinia a sense of his ;annot remain in displeasure ; but he has not >k without the aid thought it necessary to remove ips, his iudepen- the Prussian Minister from > Shadow. Turin. tops are necessary After these diplomatic acts, it f. thev should, in would scarcely be just to Italy, Her .Vhiji'ity'sGo- or respectful to the other Great lali.ui troops, who Powers of Europe, were the Go- lds spiriiual au- vernntent of Her Majesty any they denied him longer to withhold the expression * of their opinion. , in all probability, In so doing, however. Her 1 sooner the French Majesty's Government have no/ ,iul the Catholic intention to raise a dispute upon |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 295
Neapolitan States to bar* joined justice and generosity to assist willingly in the subversion of brave men in the defence of their I their Governments. Tbe first of liberties." I these was, that the Governments Therefore, according to Vattal, ' of the Pope and the King of the the question resolves itself into j Two Sicilies provided so ill for this : Did the people of Naples i the administration of justice, the and of the Roman States take ; protection of personal liberty, up arms against their Govern- > and the general welfare of their menta for good reasons? people, that their subjects looked Upon this grave matter Her forward to the overthrow of their Majesty's Government hold that rulers as a necessary preliminary the people in question are them- to all improvement in their con- selves the best judges of their dition. own affairs. Her Majesty's G<£Tv The second motive was, that a vernment do not feel justified in , conviction had spread, since the declaring that the people of year IB4P-, that the only manner Southern Italy had not good in which Italians could secure reasons for throwing off their their independence of foreign allegiance to their former Go- control, was by forming one vernments ; Her Majesty's Go- strong Government for the whole vernment cannot, therefore, pre~ Vof Italy. The struggle of Charles tend to blame the King of Bar- / Albert in 1818. and the sympathy dinia for assisting them. There ' which the present King of Sar- remains, however, a question of dinia has shown for the Italian fact. It is asserted by the par- causc. have naturally caused the tizans of the fallen Governments association of the name of Victor that the people of tbe Roman Emmanuel with the single aulho- States were attached to tbe Pope, rity under which the Italians and the people of tbe Kingdom aspire to live. of Naples to the dynasty of Looking at the question in this Francis II., but that Sardinian view. Her Majesty's Government agents and foreign adventurers must admit that the Italians have by force and intrigue sub- themselves are tbe best judges verted tbe thrones of those Sove- of their own interests. reigns.
That eminent jurist VatteL It is difficult, however, to be*
when discussing the lawfulness lieve, after tbe astonishing events of the assistance given by tbe that we have seen, that the Pope I'niicd Provinces to the Prince) and tbe King of the Two Sicilies of Orange when he invaded Eng- possessed the love of their lunil. and overturned the throne people. How was it, one moat of James II., say*. "The autho- ask, that tbe Pope found it 1m- rity of the Prince of Orange had possible to levy a Roman army, ilimbUcM an influence on the de- and that he waa forced to my liberations of the States General, almost entirely upon foreign mer- but it did not lead them to the cenaries? How did it happen, commission of an act of injus- again, that Garibaldi conquered tice : for when a people from nearly all Sicily with 3000 man, good reasonsiakeuparmaagainst and uatwhed from Reggu to an oppressor, it is but an act of Naples with 6000? Host, bat
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NUAL REGISTER, 1860. sal disaffection of vailed. Publicopinion hnsche ie Two Sicilies? llieexressesof tliepublic trim t li. -;i: 1 ilmt this The venerated forms of Cc 1 popular m ill was tutional Monarchy have beei BBBSffiStt. Forty sociated with the name i ^eupolii/m i tc.-L j] i ] o Prince who represents an ani pt regularly :iml and glorious dynasty. reform their Go- Such having been the ca er the reigning and the concomitant cin Powers of Furcpe stances of tin: revolution of I jaybaoh resolved, Her Majesty's Government lion of England, sec no sufficient ground for attempt by force, severe censure with which i iwh, and a large tiia. Fiance. Prussia, and Rv f occupation was Iwe visited the nets of the 1 i Sicilies to main- of Sardinia. Her Majesty's :r, In \8i$ the vcrnment will turn their i iople ngfiin at- rather to the gratifying pros] ore liberty under of a people building up the vnastv, but their lice of their liberties, and co ;aned, by an ini- limiting the work of their ii |
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2fl7
the cause of the King of the Two Sicilies against the popular march of the forces under Garibaldi, and against the army under the King of Sardinia, and the Tote by uni- versal suffrage which has just been taken in Naples and Sicily. You are instructed to ascertain from M. Thouvenel in which of ttiese two aspects (he present measure of the Emperor of the French is to bo regarded. I am, 4c. (Signe.l) J. IU'ssell.
No. 143.— Earl CW/ylo LordJ.
HuuiU.- {liectirtd Sotwnber 1.)
(Extract.)
Faru, Octobtr 31, I860.
In obedience to the instruc- tion* contained in your Lord- ship's despatch of yesterday, which I had the honour to re- ceive this morning. I hate slated to M. Thouvenel tbe two aspects under which tlie presence of die French fleet may be regarded, and I have asked him whether it is intended ss a mode of Having the King from the risk of per- sonal rapture by the naval and military forces now in arms against him. or as a mode of espousing the cause of the King against the popular march of the forces under Oarihaldi. the army under the King of Sardinia, and the tote by universal suffrage which has just been taken in Naples and Sicily.
M. Thouvenel replied that it was neither a political nor a mili- tary mcaMira which had been taken, and that the Emperor, in sending his fleet to Gaeta, had no other intention than to give the King of Naples the oppor- tunity of making an honourable
capitulation, and of earing Hia Majesty from becoming the pri- soner of the King of Sardinia. Whatever the Emperor might think of the conduct which the King of Sardinia was pursuing. His Majesty had no desire to interfere in the internal affairs of the Two Sicilies ; but when ap- pealed to by the King of Naplea, who bad followed his advice by endeavouring to make an alliance offensive and defensive with Sar- dinia, Hia Majesty felt that be should be neither jnat uor gene- rous were he not to rescue the King from the ignominy of be- coming the King of Sardinia'! prisoner.
M. Thouvenel said further, that he had addressed a despatch on this subject to the French Charge d Affaires in London, which would be transmitted to him to-night, and which would contain full explanations of the Emjtcror's views and intentions.
So. ITS.— Qmurml CauUa to Count l.uJ(ilf. — {Cavimtinicatmt to Lord .J. RuutU iy Count Ludolf, Somber til.)
(Translation.)
Gwta, KoranW 12, 1M0.
Signor Conte, — Although the revolution of the Two Sicilies, prepared long beforehand with clandestine and iniquitous arts, has completed with wonderful rapidity the ruin of the king- dom, nevertheless Hia Majesty has never ceased his resistance to it, and in this not leaa glorious than unfortunate work of deter- mined defence, heroic effurta.of constancy and energy hare been made, which will leave an im- mortal monument for history.
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. " .m been urged to succeeded within a very brief eiou.siipss of two time in recovering himself, ami rooted in his in reconstructing an army by no si? noble thoughts means numerous, but having lUJted from that faith and valour ready to uy i is the supreme again the fate of battles. eliuns, and espe- The glorious actions of that f monarchs. handful of brave men are known are, firstly, the to all Europe, and even the lying serve and defend and wicked press of the revo- lt the Two Sici- lotion has not been able, has not inheritance on- dared to deny it. by hij prede- The enemy was repulsed in Uy, his respect his attacks, and driven from his rly claim winch strong positions, the valuable narchs together, lives of the royal princes were of the divine exposed to great perils on the they have in fields where the victories of their the similarity of ancestors were gained; even the King was first among the corn- iced of any long batonts, and saw those valorous ■ 1 1 J - 1 ..I'll" l'i"U in :i fill ;i 7. hi- -i'lr wii.i pili-i-il'iivd |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
299
Among which the Piedroontese army cannot reckon one decisive victory, wu then undertaken, and tlio Royal troop* found them- selves in part compelled to pass the Pontifical frontier, and in part to shelter themselves under the walls of Gseta.
At the moment in which I write to von, nothing is left to the King but this sole fortress and that of Messina, the last bulwarks of the autonomy and independence of the beautiful and once strong kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
These will be defended with that valour and constancy which are the distinguishing virtues of the august dynasty of the Bour- bons ; but as the resistance of fortresses depends on a thousand various causes which need not be enumerated, it is very probable that such defence may not be so long as the Sovereigns of Europe
When the inevitable hour for surrender shall arrive, onr august Sovereign, with that dignified resignation which is the dis- tinctive character of his august family, will descend from his throne, and will remember with just and noble pride that he has not been wanting in the fulfil- in en i of any of his duties.
It remains for me now to in- quire if His Majesty, generously paying lint duty which bound hitn to other Sovereigns, has re- ceived in exchange those aids and good offices which he had a right to expect from them -, hut yon will understand, Signor Conte, that this, my second task, will he as easy and conclusive as
For seven months that the revolution has been raging in
the kingdom, continually more openly favoured by a perverse and perjured Government, the King our Master has been able to obtain nothing from the most powerful Sovereigns of Europe, to whom he hoped his cause would be dear, hut inefficient ex- pressions of affectionate sym- pathy-
The great dangers of a little army, the extreme and urgent needs of the Royal Treasury, the insolent violation of the Law of Nations, the unlimited ambition of a revolution which will never ■top, everything, in short, was placed before the eyes of the Great Powers of Europe, and to all this, no other reply wonld or could be returned than wishes and ad vice- Neither the interests of dy- nasties, nor common dangers, nor the ties of blood, nor the bonds of old friendship and alli- ance, availed to move the Cabi- nets of Europe from the political indiSerentism which they have exhibited, by looking on impas- sably at the fall of an ancient monarchy.
The Kmneror of the French alone (it is due to justice and gratitude to confess it loudly) gave the generous example of bis desire to come forth oat of this state of universal apathy, and loyal and monarchical Eng- land did not hesitate to reprove him bitterly for it, whilst the other Cabinets were satisfied to leave him alone in the magnani- mous action which he attempted. The sending of a French squa- dron to the waters of Gaeta, and the fraternal welcome given on the Pontifical territory to the faithful and bold advance of the Royal troops by the soldiers of
A TABLE OF ALL THE STATUTES
Fasted in tht SkcohD Session of Ik* Eighteenth Parliamtnt of ikt
United Kingdom of Ortat Britain and Inland.
23* «f W VICT,
PUBLIC GENERAL ACTS.
I. * N Art A Merri
II. An Art lo apply the Ban or Poor hundred uiil wren thousand ill hundred and forty nine Pounds oat of the Consolidated Fand to tht iv-rric* of the Year ending the Thirty flr.1 Day of Mart* Use thou- und eight hundred and silly.
III. An Act to apply the Hum of Four in ill ion five hundred thousand I'oundi out or the Consolidated Fund to the Ken ice of the Year One thousand c i H h I hundred and slaty.
IV. An Art to enable the Commis- sioners or Her Majesty's Treasury to defrsv One Moielj of' the Kspense
ri.ion of the V-»— -
Propertr in /r
__ L'oDtolldaled Vund.
V. An Art to regulate I'robate and Administration with reaped to cer- tain Indian liorfmmenL Securities ; lo repeal certain Sump Untie* ; and to extend the Operation of the Act of the Toenti -second and Twcnty- third Yeara of IVtonn, Chapter Thirty nine, to /■</<•» Honda
VI. An Act to transfer lo the Post- master tlenersl Securities entered into with the Commissioners of the Admiralty In relation to the Packet rkrrice.
VII An Act lo amend the Medical
Act for punishing at a tin j and
Desertion, and for the hatter Pay. ment of Um Army and their Qunr- ten.
X. An Art for the Regulation of H«r Majesty's Royal Marine Pome* •hUa
uf tbo Year ending tim rat day of Murtk Un* thou- hi hundred and silly, Act to pRicnt the Meml-m r,: - ■ , baVJ lata tea] ,',v- lefcat umwb by being ssv
XIV. An Act for granting to Iter Majesty Dntiea on Profits arising from Property, ™ * — -
and Office*.
Professions, Trades,
IV.
> Her
Majesty certain Dntiea ot ntae
XVI. An Actio make fnrtherProriakti concerning Mortgage* and other Disposition* of Property belonging to Municipal CorporalJon* In Eng- land and Inland.
XVII. An Art to anthoriae Uw Inclo- sure of certain l«ad* In pniaunnm of a Report of the Incloanre Com- missioner! for England and With*.
XVIII. An Act to amend ihe Arts re- lating to Marriages In Hmgtimd and Irriand, by n lending certain Pro- Tisions thereof to Person* professing with the Society of Friends ceiled
XIX. An Act lo extend the Act to facilitate the Improvement of Landed Property in /ret— J, teal Ik* Acta
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
pvmet in relation thereto. XLV. An Act to extend tin Art of the Eighihaud Ninth Yearn
Chapter Twenty ill, for
flitting for TriMt or other
Piah by Net* la the Hirers and
Waters in Srotiand.
XLVL An Act to amend nod enlarge the Power* and Prorialona of the aeieral Act* relating; to lite Caledo- nian Mid (Whom Canals.
XLV II. An Aet to emend the Ui ffr Utiie to the Legal QualinesUona of Councillors nod the Admission of HgrnM In Hovel Burghs In Xrofland.
XLVUI. An Act to prorido lor Lb* settlement nnd Discharge of the Debt dne to the CommieeloDer* of Her Hajeetj'e Trenwrj from Uie Harbour end Uoeki of Ltitk.
XL1X. An Act for extinguishing cer- tain Kigbts of WeT through Coletaort Barracks in the Borough of Pert*-
WO.tA.
L. Ad Act to sbolisb the Annuity Tex in Kdukbnyk and Monlrom, end to make Pronieion In regard to the Stipend* of the Minister* in thel City ud ituiyh, end eleo to nuke l'ro(i»ion for the Patronage of lb* Church of .VortA LrilA.
LI. An Act to provide for an annual Return of Kale*. Tsiea, Tulle, end Duee levied for local Purposes in ImjUind.
I.I I. An Act to alter end amend "The Melropolilan Building Act ilSSJ)."
LIU. An Act for the Limitation of Actione and Suite by the Dnke of ( orjuni/Jin relation to real Property, end for authoriiing certain Lreeee of
LIV. An Act to amend an Act for abolishing certain Offices on the I'ninn Side or the Court of Queen's •r regulating the (.'roes
l to the Wand
LVIIL A» Aet to amend the Act of Ike Eighteenth end V ineteenlh Year* of Her Majesty relating to Friendly HnotatlW
L1X. An Act to extend the Proriaioue of the UnWerritiea and College Fa- tato. A« (1 SMI, and of Ike Copyhold Acta, and of the Aet of the Third and Foarth You* of the Retgn of Her Hejeatj, Chapter Oae hsndred and thirteen, and of the Sereo leeath and Eigbteeath Tenn of the bum Reign, Chapter Eighty-tear, so far aa the name relate to Unireraitiea and College*.
LJC. Ad Act toazeend the Act forregu- UUng the Qaesn e Prison.
LSI. An Art far taking the Oanaaa of Kwaland.
LXII. An Art far taking the Coosa* of /nsatat
I the Aet of
nine, to prortd* Far the Relief of Majesty's Bobjede praranriag Jewish Religtou-
LIIV. An Act to make farther Tialon for the Expenses of Boarda of Health and Im] Commissions™ acting aa Burial Boarda.
LXV. An Art to authorise the Cora, mtaaionere of the Treaanry to farther regnlele the Poatag* on redirected Letter* of Commissioned and War- rant Officer*, Seaman, nod Soldiers whilst on actual Service.
hX VI. An Art to amend the Medical Act |1858).
LWII Aa AM la roaUnne an Act
aeajnl ii.I ' '-■hi i'il ■.( iL-. UahsnM IntiomU raite. L.\IX. Aa Art la anal
n Act to authorise the Inelcaur* of certain land* in pursuance of a Special Krpvrt of the Incloaure C'om-
I. V 1 . An Act to make further Provision fur lin|iroTcnicDU in the Hart*oreof the Ut of Mam.
[.VII. An Art to authorise an Exten- sion or the Time for Uepeyutaal of a Loan made by the Pant Jmd*a
seedy nrtsia Feaule toward* the Krptlre of the Cat hHr*l *r CuilrgUU Church of Mmmttmmhr.
nertaio Pra- irr an Act
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
306
fir rolling European 1 Indian Army of Her Majesty. CI. An Act l« continue lie I'oor Lnw
Baud.
ill. Ad Act to provide far the Ma- nagement of Eatt India Stock, sud of the Debt* ud Obligation* of the Government of India, at and by the Bank of England.
Ctl I. An Act to apply (be mm of Ton Million* oat of too Consolidated Fund lo toe Service of the Var One thousand eight hundred and siity.
CIV. An Act to enable the Trustee* of the Hojal College of Saint Patrick at MaywMth to make I'rotision for certain necoamry Building* and Ha- psir*.
CV. An Act to provide for the Ma- nagement of the General Priaoa at I'rrlk, and for the Administration of Local Prisons in Scotland.
CVI. An Act lo amend the Land* Clause* ConaolidaUon Acta (18*51 in regard to Sale* and Compensation for ljuid bj way of a Itcnt-chargc, Annual Fca Duly or Oround Annual, and to cnalilo Her Majesty's 1'riud- pal Secretary of State for the War Department to avail himself of the Powers and Provisions contained in the came Act*.
CV1I. An Act for granting to Her Ma- jesty certain Duties on V) lac Licence* and Refreshment Houses, and for regulating the licensing of Refresh menl Houses and the granting of Wine Licence*, In /refusal
l.'Vlil. An Act to amend Iho Indus- Irial School, Act flS57).
CIX. An Act for defraying the Bi- penses of constructing Fortification* fur the Protection or the Hojal Ar- senals and Dockyards and the 1'orta of Dover and l'<rtland, and of crest ing a Central Arsenal.
L"X. An Act to consolidate the Duties of (
Hope and the ft rind il CwdH sT- lowed for Payment of the Duly on
.Mail ami IS. jj rcnpoi.il ir It i u> 0>
In. I i. .... h.n., i . . i. ,
luly of Psraon* dealing la Foreign Kino and Spirits In Bond , and to amend the Ln*i nlsling. to the Ei-
CXIV* An Act tu «do« Into One Art
the 1'racllce aa to toe tqtrr of Satis- faction on Crown Debt* and on Judg-
An Act to confer I'oven on the Cenunlaaionen of Her Uaje*ty * Works and Publie Building* to ac-
Juire certain Property In Edinburgh, >r the Erection of an Industrial Mnaeum lot Scotland.
C.XIX. An Act lo amend the Law re- lating to Weight* and Measure* in Inland.
CXX- An Act to amend the Lavs re- lating to the Ballot* for the Militia in tnglamJ, and iv impend the making of List* and Ballot* for lk*> Militia of the foiled Kingdom.
CXXI. An Act to amend an Act tamaawl In the Sixth Year of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Intituled An Act to
(XI An Act for emnllng to Her Ma- jesty certain Duties of Stamps, and to amend the lav* relating to the Stamp Duties.
(.'XII. An Act to make better Provi- sion for acquiring Ijuiin for the De- fence of the Realm.
CXIII An Art to grant Duties or Ex- i-i»c on Chicory, and on licence* lo DeaJcn in SweeU or Made Wine*; also lo reduce the RieUe Duty oft
Vol. C1I.
At Government of If,
Ok OoaM of Africa and in Ike Falk-
C'XXII. An Act to enable the L tare* of Her Majesty's Yam abroad to make Kuactmeut* similar to the Enactment of toe Act Ninth Utorgt the Fourth, Chapter Thirty- one, Section Fight.
CXXII1. An Act to amend the Law* relating to the Government of the Navy.
CX X I V. An Act further lo amend tho
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
CoBinnnletUMi In Irdemd by mm or Tnunroada or Tmmwaya.
CLIII, Ad lei to usnd tie Uw re- lating to the Tenure and Improve- ment of Land la Intamd.
CUV. An Act to aaaaalidata and amend the Law of landlord awl Tenant ia Maaad.
ii. An Ad for enabling the i Qwlljrht Company to nine * further Ham of Money i end for other Par-
iil. An Act to repeal, alter, amend, and eitend tome of the I'owatn and Pro- TbUoni of " The Silvrrdalt and lien-
ra/tit Railway Act, 185S ; " to autho- rise the Mopping up, altering, tad romt meting of certain Boadt; and for other Pa rpoaea.
y*drr-LfHr, in the Count/ of l.an-
r. An Art for more effect Dally (apply- ing will) (la* the Ilorongh of l^imtrr and (he Neighbourhood thereof. In the County of iWcaaVr.
ri. An Act to enable the Bnnbridgr, Lithum. and BrffiiM Railway Con- pany to make HerUltoni in their aiiinuri/ed Kail wail : and to enable the f M<-r Railway Com pan t to ac- quire and hold Hharea la the' I'ader- (.iking of the BaHbridgr, iuAvra,
■ml Mffot Hallway Company ; and for other I'lirjunn
vll. An Act for better anppMng with Water the Townehlp of Brfptr, ia Ihr Pariah of ZfeJUrf.ln the Coast y of /A-rfty.
till. An Act for more effectually re- pairing the Road leading from Wrm to the Lime Hocha at Aroaapirru, In the County of £attij*, and for aaaklaar aereral LI nee of T '
Mnan -
f Honey; and far
LOCAL AND PERSON AL ACTB,
Drlnrtd Public, and tab* judicial!* noticed.
I. IK Act to enable the Company of A Proprietor* 0r the Wt* Middle •nr Waterworks to raws a further Hum of Money ; and for other Pnr-
_ .¥-*■* Drew Railway Cwnpear to Improve their JfywnWA and other fhnilna*; to «i.!<n I'arte nt their Railway ; and for other i'liqwera. at An Ad to aaiborlee lha CanMrno Hob nf a lUllwir from the Omw. RVamw. Rail way at Cai/anaAam to Oalaela ITjhk, 11. An Ac
Uimrnm
Warha | ami for aiber Pttrpi till. An Art f»r belter cappUlnr with
Wat'r lb* Bon>ncb and Writh af
/.•etranf.tn tbcC.iunry of r\****M7.
and tor other Purpnuw. tin An Art to enable tho Aorta £«a-
Imt Company to mine i il item of Money | and I
other pprpotat tr. Am Art fur teonrpetatlaf a OvnV pany for the Conatroctiua af a "-"
Una -r the JfnnraWior, Jfedtrial, and LimnJmAirr Railway at Afernb, ia the Cmatt of (Vrfrr. (■ Jtnr M<Os and /fejrOfJ, ta the C»«nty af Drrtf | and far other I'erj am a.
x*i An Art Far aalhwriring the CW «<.-. ■ Pa teanatOMy (■ hi >i, .:,.,■ to aTprdtrm, In the Cnaaty of rVafcr ; ■hi f..r t.pl.i [\iri-M«-i
irli. An Art I* enable law Awm Wad AYrrtfer !T>W /aaetfow Railway Company ta wmtateta their Cuaama nlcathm with flrw-a , tad far rtber Fma mmmamtt Iwttklh bi Dhdw hah fa*.
itiii. An Art tor Ineoej-iraHn* law •Mtfattai Rgl ■' n n* .l.in,:i.i-. aed eatamdlag their Iwaer* ; aad tot
tit- Ad Act I arrant lha Irrcr flaw ta the O ty af 1 .-.J itah •fptaaak . uV raaa, aw for nuaaut, loacrlng. wldroing, at- trriaw, aad lmffir»lni"cft»iii "Irewt* at Thawaaelrfarn elthln lha aabl City : and tor rthr* Parpoaan.
li. An Art far caaawllilatlne awl aaarndlAf the Aria rtbllnf lo the
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
309
fitrmnriitr, In the Coonty of 1 to the Londonderry ami KnnittiUen Kail war, imi Stnibant, in tfie County of lyrum: ; and for other
ili. An Act to provide for the Manage- ment, Maintenance, and Repair of the Turnpike Road from Lincoln IlealA to Market Deeping, and other Honda In connection therewith; and Cor oilier Parpoaea.
ilii. An Act for rallnqalahing certain Workn authoriietl bj the Norik Slaf- fund/lire Railway Drencher Act, 1851, and for authorizing Agree- ment* with reaped to the Silrerdait and JfnrauSc Kail way ; and for other
iliii. An Act lor unending the Acta named with roapect to the Matter, Warden*, Searcher*, Aaaiatanta, anil Com mo nal It or the Company of Cul- ler* in Iltdlamthirt, In the Count; of York.
llir. An Act for author! ling the Stod- tiia and Darlington Railway Company to ralae additional Capiut; and for other l'nrpooea-
ilv. An An to enalile the l7rw/ .VorfA- m and Wftern {of Ireland) Railway Company to male a Deviation in their autboriaed Railway between Ilonrommon and Vaetierragh ; and for other I'urpoeeL
xlvl. An An for altering the Xante or "The Btlftut and Ballwn
ilrii An An to enable the DuUinand Wii-kbnr Kail war Company to extend tbelr Railway to KnnUatrtAy, In the County of Wtffiird ; to change the Name of the Company ; and for
■Iriii. An Act for enabling the Mayor, Aldermen, and Ciiiicna of the City or ManrAtttrr to effect further Im- provement* In the aaid City ; and for other Parpoaea.
tlix. An Act to amend "The iTrmi SuvllvT* of India Railway Act, ISM;" and for other Parpoaea.
I An Act to authorise certain Delia- lion, in tbe Amhrr ami Radbrittge Itailway ; and for other I'urpoaea.
H. An Act for granting farther I'owent to the (tea* tiemmtt Railway Cont- pany.
Hi. An Act to enable the Midland Railway Company to contract for the DM of In* Undertakings of
lill. An Art for regulating the EaH India Coal Company, Limited, and for making ProrWona with regard to the Capital and Share* of the Com- pany ; and for other Parpoaea.
llr. An Art far making a Railway from t'arrier/ciyiia to Lame ; and fol other Parpoaea.
It, An Act for better eapplylng with Water the Pariah of MatLdc in tha Connty of Derbf.
mJ to enable the
tit 1'ndcf taking; ■roTlaloM of the .« aaid Company
■tm. M...1IV. ,
Iriii. An Art for enabling tfca Metro- politan Railway Company to acquire additional Landi for the Conatroc- tion of the Railway and for Station Accommodation ; lor ■■ending the Acta relating to the Railway ; and for other Purpoaan.
Hi. An Art to antherlM the Leaaa of
the Banbridge Junction Railway io the DuUi* and Bd/ant Jtnetiom Bail way Com pany ; and for other
aaftfa Hi- Man* ....(
"" ' I " ' « Jan*-** mwawni
for the Coaaplt- aindar of aach
llruiib , and lor ether I' lit. An Art far making a Kal 1 man lb* R-lf— and I ■..■-«.. /Am llailwar. at /fefewW. to Hm*-r, in the Cee.tr <af Itemm. \a lnlaad. WL AW nan far a M-lincMM af the Lean, af the bat** ami *~i ■ In i Hallway to the Ontl.n mad Witmmn, Railway Ca— nan y ; and far regn-
lating the Cef-ui of tno JfmUmand
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
311
the Oxford, Wonattr, and Woivtr- kauuaon Hallway Company, under the u» of '"fto IT* Afidiand Railway Compeuy."
limi. An Act for nuking a Hallway from lbs Oxford, Worrxmbr, and Wulvtrkampton Railway to BomUm- oavthe- Wauw In Ira County of 0(tm- wrier ; and for other Purpose*.
luiUi An Act for making a Railway commencing by a Junclion with the t?iuyw mad SotdAwealer* Hallway ■I or near the North or North-east Knd or Iho Passenger Station of that Railway at the Town or Ihwtfrie*, and terminating by a Junction with the (Vi/niuauu Hallway at or near tbe North Knd of the Lodxrby (Sta- tion on that Line; and for other
liixir. An Act to InerenM the Capital and amend lha Power* of Ibe Xhmor Qailig kt Company.
Iiut. An Act for authorising tbe Lonilon Hydraulic Power Company, Limited, to acquire Powers ander "The Waterworks Claoaaa Ada, 1817 i" and for other Purpose*.
luivi. An Aot to amend the Local Act, r' i ft y- fourth of Qtorat tbe Third, Chapter due hundred and Three, for makings lair and equal County Hate fur the CoudIj of BnekingKamu
limit. An Ael to (rrmi additional Power* to the Artery, Murm- puiiU, and Hattnror Railway Com- pany.
UiirilL An Aot for boiler denning the Power* and Liabilities of the Sam Brink Drainage Commissioners ; for making Provision for the Itepsirsud Maintenance of the Mam Brink , Bridge ; for simplifying the htode or lerytng and collecting Drainage Tales ; for constituting from the Ik-! j of Commissioners a naw Board, to be called Uonaerntor* of the Out Ouifsll ; and for other Pur- poses.
Iiixix. An Act lor making a Hallway front BmcHrj to C'oaaeAe Qmaf In
the County of i'lim; and for other
.. AaMfayerot I AuruaerA in the County of t'ieatcr,- sud for other Parpoeee. iH. An Art to change the Nana* of the A-sealo. and i/tnanWy Hallway Company ; and to enable that (Joss pany In extend their stairway from
flwli-i. In Uio County of fahunfai to the MidianJ Hallway at Wig*)* Magna near Ltisnttr, In lha ami County ; aud fur other Purpose*, icli. An Ad fur lha Alteration al Ytu- til of the AiUdm and fsofaJ Bail- ■.-.r, | ■ lit anl I and ■ aani >'■■"'•'■■ iiijt'TH Hallway Company, and of the rVoual and ftirnm Branch as*
Hallway Companies; and foe ether
alaliag tu the Afua- rAuUr (.'■naralioa Waterworks; and fur other Pari nav
Mir, An AM far making n Kallwnr from nwanrnrfiem in the County *f r-«*^U.^H^wlthII*anenm to irud/rg tarn and ^Wwewewaw* Iron work*, and Inr other Piqiaua
MT. An Act for Incorporating the Wmnmnatm Waterworks Company, and granting Powers to them for better mnnmng with Waur the Town of Wdlvgmm and Plans* ad- jacent thereto In lha C-unly of of Halof ,- and lor other I'm (is—
IctL An Act for b«'.lcr aer-pUia* »nk Water lb. Town and Pariah oTifW- ateaw ha thn Canal/ n( aTeaf ; and for
lain Hallways known a . . _
Janfww Branehea; tar incorporating
the Holder* of the f is asyun
Branchm Stock, and securing: la them a bed Annuity ; and for ether I'm aim zerlkL An Ac* for Incorporating - The Vitm of DmbUn Sunm Packet Com- pany ; ' and tor aa thortxiag them to mam additional Capital; and for other Purposes.
hmtonj ami 1 1 1 '•■■■•■ mml / ■— ■ rut mnd /saves Ueilway near /'■- aWea-a Wdt, and an» a shawl Line nf Uallway al Linmhtt, In be ealle>l -The fWw smd /-■aaanefc iHnrt llallwnjr f end far ether Pnrpeae*.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
Line or their Eitmalou Railway, and 10 make a Branch Railway at (Maj* - Tor luiboriilns certain Arrangement* with the Cltttr Hallway Company kail Londonderry and ffaauraUn lUilwar Company; Mid for other
cnii An Act for making a Railway from the fllorrjwrf, Ditky, andWkaUy liridft Railway, In the Pariah of .•UmJbport and Connty of CkaUr, to Hayfiotd In the County of Brrfry; and for other Pnrpoaea.
cxxiil. An Act to enable the London ami lUatboalt Railway Company to pro- ride additional 8 tali on Accommoda- tion and other Work* connected with their Railway) to make a Branch Railway to the London Dock*; to enter Into Arrangement* with cer- tain other Companies ; and for other
ciiIt. An Act to enable the Sa/utarw and Yoovit Kail way Company to make a Deviation from their authorised Main Lino near i'toril ; and for other l*urpoaea connected with their Un- dertaking.
Utr-y Due* Tnmteea," a certain Portion of the Lirrrpoot Town and Anchorage Dnea ; and for other Por- poaea. Ciixl. An Act to continue and amend Two Acta, paaaed in the Fint and Tenth Yeara of the Reign of Hia Mijr.lv King Oatryt the Fourth, re- lating to certain Roada and Bridgea In the Coontlea of Lanark and b%m-
cxsviL An Act to enable the Bmfrrd. liny, and Sracea Railway Company to reliaqniah the Junction of their Line with the Sirtwd-nry and Hwttford Hailway.and in aubalilution therefor to form a Junction with the Niwnort, .(l-ryam.y amW Untfiri Railway.
citiil. An Act for making a Hallway from Tonbury, in the County of War- rufcr, to the Hortm Volliy Bailway, near BtwdUy, in the County of Wor
rials. An Act to Incorporate a Com' party for the I mprorement of Build- inp- ; and for other l*urpoaea.
cm, An Act for extending the Time for (be Completion of I'ortiooa of the /w*.t'»(rai Railway ; for enabling the deiwrarf Ctrntni Bailway Company
and for other P . cnii. An Act for making a Railway from Imrui to Inntrgirdcn, to be called "The Inamom and JUn- «*tn Bailway ;" and for other Par
euxlL An Act to provide for Alter* - Uon» in the Appointment of Ovar- aeera, Collector*, and other Poor- Law Officer* In the Townthip of Lotdi; for tho Incorporation of Over- •ecra for apedBc Pnrpoaea ; and for the Levying and Collection of Poor Batea in that Townthip ; and for other Pnrpoaea.
cxniiL An Act to enabU the Mid. Waiat Bailway Company to make n Deviation In their aathoriied Ball- way, and to eonatract Railway! la connect their Railway with the Utrtford, Bag, and Awe*, and tho Bncon and Mtrtkyr Junction Bail- wan; and for other Pnrpoaea.
cxxxlv. An Act to altar, amend, and extend the Powera of the Acta relat- ing to the Pari OarliiU Dock and Railway, and Carlitto and Htikik Bay Railway and Dock Corapaniea; to enable the Port CartoU Dock and
i«|"*<p mv «"""B uvu as fliwsr 01
the mid Companiea to ran over and nae Portion* of the Railway* of the NtnraMlt-npon-Tyn, and Cartulo Rail- way Company ; to compel the JvW rartU-mpen-Tyno and OarlioU Railway Company to afford Facilities and Accommodation opon their Bailway* to the Tramc of the *ald Compenfe* ; and for other Purpoaaa.
chit. An Act to extend the Period limited by - The Smamom Harbowr Act, 18SB," for the Conatrnetion and Completion of the Worka aatnorlnad by "The Aamnajn Harbonr Art, IBM."
emvL An Act to empower the Skua- part, DitUf, and WknUy Bridy, Bail- way Compear to raiae additional Money ; and for other Pnrpoaea con- nected with their Undertaking.
anvil. An Act for amending " The Abrryantnny Improvement Art. I AM-" for enabling t
Diatrict with Water a for other Partj waa. eiiiviii. An Ael for t
mviii. An Ael for raawaing tl Tana and mr mora i-hitaaily r
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
SIB
A'oril AtU Railway Company to enlarge their Bull on M MdMrnrfk, and with reaped to the CoWiaia Cila- «W t-Ution.
ell. Ad Act la eniblo the WUrrfrrd aid Limtrict Railway Company to eonalruet ■ Tramway to the Market i'laoe at /.nteKot, and a Hallway with a 1'ier or Wharf In ounneotion there- withal their TerntmM at WiHr/ord, to ralen additional Capital; and for other PwrpO— .
till, An Act for eulhorlalng a L«aee in r«n>ololly of tba Volt of Tony Kail- way to tin LleaeUr Hallway and IWk Company, and for tncroaalpg ilir Capital of tlio Company i and for other Portiinoa
cliii. AD Act for making Railway* for ■ho I'urpoeaof connecting Rjd* with 1'iniMf and the beat Coaat of the hit of Wigit ; and for other Pnr-
clxiil. An Act for making a Railway from SmU*ry, through Mtlfur*, to Cttn,
i-IiIt. An Act for making • Hallway from the VmL «/ Cfwed Railway at lM.t~gl, in the County of iMmUgk, to L'enara In the County of MmmiUt, to be called " The JWi'ea, *<**»*, a.rf CYrrne Hallway."
cIit. An Act to repeal an Act. Inti- tuled A* AH far bb Jmaewaenaal a/ me ,Vur^,u»» «/ (A* Aimr Hoy, w ike (V«.fi« a/ Mayo aael riltgo, « Ire- land, and to grant other and far- ther I'owen for the ImproTemenl of the aaid N arigaiiou.
eliri. An Act for making Kail wit* between the Lmdam, Anotfen, «■<* Noaia t'oaat and Wired Pm+mtmtk Itallwaya and llayHny Ftrtji and for other 1'urpoaoa.
.liviL An Act to empower the Arerf- /W, Ir'ainiaU, na /— i. Railway Company to oonatrBct a Railway to ii.hu, in the Weal Riding of the County of IV*; and For other Pur- ch-mo.
rlirlil. An Aet for making an im- jirnTBd Com ma ii icall on between the Unmt .Tortarm Hallway and the i/a- trsps/dan Railway near the fwae'i Cnti Station, and for aatherleing
Lean and mntrhmeh liirnteBt Com- pany."
eXxx. An Act to alter and amend " The 5oe*uA Drainage and lraproro- menl Oompany'i Aet, IBM."
oliil. An Aet to enable Ike leedea, Brifhkm, mmt AWa ComM Hallway Company to make certain Altera- tion! m their Genet linea and in the Una of the rPaaUTael a/ I*md**mnd OrtanaJ M«. Railway, a new Chan- nel for the Hirer Anm, and ether W orka ; and for other Pnrpeaea.
clxxii. An Aet for enabling Ihe MU- £*ae»au. MidAmnt Jmmthtm Railway Company to derlele a Portion of the authoriaed Line of the AM-Aum*
ailwar.lSS t a Bail-.
elxriiL An Aet for a from the JKaUua ■rnaamea Hallway to PtmjUt in the
County of JieeUaialae.
elulr. An Act for the Tranafar of the /Wm lire.au riaaifia Railway to the leaden, ChaJauue, anal ffaetr Railway Company, and for the Dmtnlntien of the Wmt AW e/ L-l*>* eW CVyaiei PmUn Railway Company ; and for ether Purweea.
elm. An Aet for making a Railway Irom Lt*Mi<Htm, In the County of Afoalesaury, to /Woder, in the County of OtrautrtAta ; and for other Part Qua.
ellirL An Act for consolidating the Acta relating to the Wldowa" Fund of the Royal College of Burgeon* of JMuieerpa, for renhUlng the fatnre Management of the mid Fund; and for other Pnrpeasa.
diirU. An Aet far enabling the lea- den, Ciatf—, neat Dtmr Railway Company to extend their Railway
far other Parpoaaa < their TJndertakW. . Aa Aet to enable i
ailway to Jnena
IronwDrka, end eartaln other Braaekee end Werke In the Cowntlea of tenaw*
and Afawnewnan m with raeVrence
lUilway Cumpnnl*
eltli. An Aet for In ... . granting other How on to " The Land
eliiin. An Aet far ranting the fa* Hallway m the Bmrnftrd, Urn,, eae Anta Railway OeniBMV, and for dianolring the Hmf Railway Cent pany ; and far other Pnrnonnv
' klnceHailewy
Rnllwny k» the
wfuto Ian rhm neat
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
317
within Um County of CmMmm : «nd for other Purpoaea.
ceil. Ad Act to rerire Hut of the Powcra of " The (faiaa* Harbour ■nil Purt Act, 18S3," and to confer additional Power* od too Oainjr Harbour Commiatloiieri ; and for other Purpose*.
cciil. An Act to incorporate ■ Company for making Railway* In tha Weal l*»rt of the Connty of Cork ; ud for other T
PRIVATE ACTS, Printed by (A* Queen* Printer, and vKertoJ the Printed Copies may be ijiren in Evidence.
1. * N Art for to Sole of curtain fa- il late* at Q&rultar held on the Truita of the Will of /»»» Afari* Rotdxui deceased, and for thn In- vestment of the Proceed* thereof In tlii* Country.
2. An Act to incorporate the Governor* of the Hospital in JCdi'stiro* founded by DuniA Jtimrt, *nd to amend and
explain M* Trait Settlement.
3. An Act for the belter leasing of the IIWnkrtA Manor Estate in the Pariah of -V'r msjioa, in the County of Sumy, to the reapectiie Trustee* of tha WIIU of Sammil Araado* deceased ami Tlomt Brand™ deeeaaed, and fur Eifbangea and a Partition ; and other Purpose*.
t. An Act for the Bate of the Settled rotate*, in the Countiea of Sligo and tl,ilwmp, of JJm Lord IM Fr>m, and for the Purchase of Eatatea In the Countv of Aosteamca, to be limited to Ihc't'tea of thoee Settled Eatatea.
S. An Act to enable the Trnateea of Lord AnHrAoMji'i Charily to purchase the Might of Nomination to tha Chapctry of A'rrfauf. in the County of Wortvlir, and to leat in them the
Pile of tho Church or Chapel of .Wa..J.
Purpoaea certain Part* or the Estate, aitnate In the County of Dublin, of Sir Caerfu CbjKn Wiilimm Uomrilt. Baronet, and to accept Surrender! of Leaaea of men Portion, of the laid Eatatea ; and for other Purpoaea.
7. An Art to T»ry or extend certain borrowing Power* annul nod In the Settlement of the Dnh. ef Ntejkik, Eatatea ; and for other Parpeaea.
8. An Art for amending tha Poweri of Leasing contained In the Will of the Eight Honourable UhW hfi- cM, late Earl of Lcmgferd and Baron SUtkeettr, deeeaaed; and for other
». An Art for authoring the raking of Honey for Payment of Incum- brance* on the Ealatea, in the Cann- ot Iteeeemme* and Siieo and
PRIVATE ACT.
rViaafiatanf, CenJimi Umrim Itlne, r/wansiaa /taadiai Oiatfiaiaai, and Etna. Jferi* CvaeaM Itahtle, Ctaae- iliu UtoMffm Asadiai Oiutiataat, the infant Children of Sieiemmnd .Viiiolai I'nasriu Oanateae Fmtit Deadi'si Oiaatiuani, Eaqnire, eoaf monly called Viscount K jimmied, Harquea* JIsadiM In the Rcmmm
Bute*, the only Bon and Heir Ap- parent ef Afana Cteili* Afmtlia Anma Jemptm LtmrntU Dmm llddmim Jteftauwra Oeefert, Connie** of jVoe-
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
310
FOR TUE YEAR I860. Class V. I'srnnJto Debt.
KINGDOM, fob tkk Yua kkdkd 31st Maboh, I860.
PAYMENT!
PAYMENTS
I min.h.
I EXCHEQUER.
J IXUI 1 UMO ( MM.K*
WW 4 «
u Hinti. tut. im.aiwiu i* w.
II.— PUBLIC EXPENDITURE.
*nh Jin,, in.i». mt ««•«, in UK DiiimHr. las. ullMli
EXPENDITUm
01 of ihePaMk DtM
i:..hrqu« Mill.. SupPlT . .
J II la DtlowT
t Utf Yh* la Ik* Tn
l«M IJH.M7
HUB Ml. SB
».■■> i t*j.t»
171.7* 171-MI
>.m.i«»
us
MBS
as ess
■as.
|
NNUAL R REVENUE AN f tllfl Total Bbvrx us, DwcuuuU, U«w ceu Kingdom esci |
EGISTER, 1860. ) EXPENDITURE. |
||
|
jacks and Bounties in the nature < usivo of the Sunis applied to ih |
|||
|
OF KEViNCE. |
lit per Account Cf.'linlin'*, |
|
|
|
HLlUnn.1 A.lvnn i Votan, otitMUm Staeeli, 1S5U ml AwoaedJ |
£ B. d. 84,301,038 17 i S,(>40,i>90 11 1)J 3,237,573 a n B.tiiw.ui vj ai 3,310,<;55 8 01 419,536 18 8 1,801 ,£8* 3 0 |
£ ». d 2,(513,292 12 fc |
|
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
321
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
in ilio Year ended Slit March, ISftO, after deducting the Repayments, Dninlmckx : together with an Account of ihe Public Exp *x ditch* of Reduction of the National Debt, within the tame Period.
|
ixrixnirrii:. |
|
|||
|
rijmrnu nut of tbe In<cnie nf Crnun Laad* is ita [cogi— to the Klrheqwr |
£ : d. 111,977 4 11 |
|||
|
Pl'BLIC DBBT: Inti-iHrt uil Muupaunt nf Ihc Per maiwnt Debt Trnniulilc Annnili« fin-Idiom] Dindrad* rapiiil . IntrrrM of Kirhcqner l!nnJ« . Im.-r.irt nf Kxrbcqwr Bill". Supply Intrmt of Bxelwqiwr ItilU, Defi ri<*7 .... |
£ •. 29,7(15. R2» 13 4,390,384 IS lll.nsl IS iss.mio o 301,048 9 i,:sn is |
rf. 8 0 a 0 a o |
2H,<»S,72S 13 6 I |
|
|
Civil Li.l .... Anrmili-. »n-i F>iim™„ . (mIm-I*. .nl All>>wu<v» . I > L |.l. -fii.'it Jj- Salarita mhI Pentium l'..iirw -if Ju«ti<i Mi--.lW.rn. l'h«T!« on Uw Cm ■•lilated Fond . |
4ti3,'irtO Mn.713 157,*':! ] en, iidi 7H41T 177, 3.1V |
H B 7 0 |
3 10 1 10 |
].9fi4.S»4 11 2 |
Amy. Militia. MdOnlaaarafcrrim 14,057,18* 4 2 N.vj Srnimk juclu.lum IWIn-l S-r-
.i- ll.S!S,S5f> 0 0
N.vnl iu,l Miliurj l>i«nHion. in
t'binn MS, 057 0 0
Jti-ilUc™. Ci.il Senior. . .< 7,721,818 12 11
Kii-.nur Dr|*rtSFBU, Y<4fa UKwd
34,|rHt,(120 17
4.43S.S1S 8
SS,8»,ie» 0 7
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 323
FUNDED DEBT.
Grkat Bhitaix and Irblajo, and die Charge thereupon, at the
TOTAL ANNUAL
.HmfTTHofUDIlllMll
Itm JA* 11 At I I J97-T71 » X
•ija* la ai
irs
i
1|! xSStS**
I.HU..H • • !
1.JOU01 10 >t , tJ.;:i.*M M 4
lit,
« ih> wUhhM) of Uw Art M Vlrt. t. n.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
V.— UNFUNDED DEBT.
325
Am Acrntntrof the I.'sKusinsn Dr.&r in Exchequer Bills and Ex- chequer B»s»s on tho 31st March, 1839; the Amount issued id the Year ended Hist March, 1*00; the Amount issued for paying off Exchequer Dills within the same Period, and the Amount outstanding on :t ) m March, 1 WH) ; distinguishing, also, the Total Amount unpro- vided for, together with the Amount of Interest upon the outstanding Exchequer Hills and Bonds computed to the Utter Day.
'afiiiuM DtM na Slit Murk, 1SSB
Amount hsanl in us Ttaraadsd list Uan-h,
184(1, rit, :
i<-)ici|iier Billi iminl is eickujn for Hills del inrtd
18,177,(00 ! S,DO0,VC
A mn u n I j«i.l off »it bin tba aa< period :
Bwk^iier Hill- |»iil in Hw Hill* . 1:1,1211,80*1
Kvh..)Un Hill. |«u*l off in Uo«j out of ,
W..> »u.l Han. Jl.-ncr Uruu 49,100
Total Amiiinl ouUUnlinji on 31.1 Ikn-h, ISoo 13,228,300 '3,000,000 Amount o( Initial upon lot uw In mm* Dnlc 1W,3II1 3»,fll7
> NVcmbcr. IS*) ; £1, 1*10,1.00 oa 8 Ik;, ISO! ; sad 1S03.
\n AiTorxi of KxriiKqunt Bills iDefii-ienej) issued in the Year
W illsl March, IHtiO, to meet the Charge on the Cohsomdatko
I'i si>. and the Sum which will be required to meet the Charge on that Da*.
■•Mini to mrtt lb* Clitrge : i £ t. <C
Y-t lb- (Juiw m-tci 31rt Uiirh, l!*Sl». and paid «€ btfors
Pirt lilt (Juulrr rmlr-l 3"lh Jane, ISiW, *iwl l*(-l off bsfam SOU , S|*#ml-r. 1050
F„f th- Lfinrtii to.lr.1 S»ib t*t|pt>nibtr, IMP, indnud of befon »l.| |w-n.l,r, 1-SH
P..r ib' tjunrtc-r mdrJ 31.1 Pvmmher, 1S«, u,l mud off baton
6»,24i IS U X.MM40 7 11 X,H1,»74 7 •
a,»:i,soi is n
rh. IV
PUBLIC DOCUMENT&
327
SKRVJCKS-tW.'i
DVPPI.IU TOttO
Foreign (Mfit» CoLi.nuilOnV. P,.M ('..„„„l l'*^ IWJ ..( ti .J -
Lord Pri»j Sn
HonH-hDld or Lorn Lir«t< Chief Seiretarj'e O0U*. Ir»i»J P() min of Ci'll faniM, Irrlead Impkiiwi of LiiiimIk Anlnii. 1rria»4 bM^aa »f Mdk Work* Inland 1MM >Sr* . l'»p?h..ld, Tilh* *ad Inclonr (npihold Coamiiuon. ■■pt« I. '.■ , . ■ Kngland
I. In-UnJ
N.u.inil Drill OJfire
l'.blK Wortt . -. n< hi
Fws.f . of 1'kUk Urp.rn
|
< & A |
|
».Ml 0 0 |
|
83,800 0 0 |
|
20,178 0 0 |
|
8.000 a « |
|
t*s*t 0 0 |
|
3,720 0 0 |
|
4.8M 0 ft |
|
0.O0O 0 0 |
|
4.000 ft 0 |
|
25.7*0 0 0 |
|
SS.SH 0 0 |
|
10.000 ft 0 |
|
78.700 0 0 |
|
10.100 o a |
|
i»,m o o |
e.481
15.SMI4
7,804
S.-i*
83.106 0
38.408 0
18,021 0
12.8K0 0
HMO 0
1.298 0
£.303 0
14.852 0
2.800 0
|
8,200 |
0 |
0 |
|
4,500 |
U |
0 |
|
1800 |
0 |
o |
|
8.70* |
II |
u |
|
81.000 |
0 |
0 |
|
28.400 |
tl |
0 |
|
18821 |
II |
0 |
|
8.080 |
0 |
0 |
|
S8 3Q-I |
0 |
a |
|
2.400 |
ft |
0 |
|
4.003 |
tl |
0 |
|
14.053 |
0 |
0 |
|
2. WW |
0 |
0 |
|
1070 |
0 |
<l |
|
4,04)0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1.224 |
0 |
0 |
|
2.128 |
0 |
0 |
|
25,002 |
a |
0 |
|
812.111 |
0 |
0 |
|
44,780 |
0 |
V |
i «nd Boinmbt ■ IW*r*. Cnwm U*to
W J<*. r«m <4 Adminltj
8.300 0 0
5.170 0 0 I
82,740 0 0
200 150 0 0
2-2,130 0 0
130,010 • •
3.SO0 0 0 [
17.740 0 800.1*0 0 16530 •
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. |
||
|
ffi— CuHliimtd. |
«rs?,a&| „«£S3. |
|
|
£ i. d.\ £ ,. i nd Sdlicitw-Cfenrnl -1 3.3(2 (1 01 3,342 0 0 J AdvuL-nte) . . | 6.550 0 0 SslnriiM. &c. . . 1 18,075 0 0 ' 1S.075 0 C m-. ,!ut.> . ]0,»11 0 0 10,811 0 0 1 [inrnch 1,«M 0 0 1,820 0 0 ..,,i,, 1 lV..>.-culiuTu . i SO.iioo 11 U i 11,500 0 0 1 thhtrfai . . 11,655 i) U 11.V56 0 0 S.lnn.-s 8,1211 0 0 | 3,000 0 0 rami, :md Eipcnscj in <■*-, Ac. . . . 2.300 0 0 Uiidm. Kdi„Wrfc.h . 11.817 0 0 12.247 0 0 k, Kiliiiburgli 1,1)44 0 0; 1.044 0 0 iiikmpuj . . 1,532 0 0 . 1,532 0 0 fil.floO 0 0 3", 000 0 0 }T.&.l»rie«a™lfiip*Jiw« 3,071 0 (I 3.671 0 0 Bcntb , ditln , 2.1HS 0 0 2 lus 0 0 |
||
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
|
SERVICES - (W»aW. |
1 SUPPLIES A11 ih* Vaar |
IKMD.' |
MSUltD u Slit mm*, i i*j. |
|
|
1 £ |
^ |
d.\ |
£ >. i. |
|
|
y.ir,n'l CnUfKM, I»U»d . |
4.B00 |
0 |
0 |
4.M0 0 0 |
|
K-tal Iri.o Acudrnj |
MO |
0 |
0 |
too 0 0 |
|
IM1..1 Thteli-gical I'mfcum . |
S.SOl) |
0 |
0 |
1.87S 0 0 |
|
Bnti.b Hukub Kiublufanrul . |
1 77,421 |
0 |
0 I |
•n.w 0 0 |
|
Ditto tfuitdiap |
22.S7H |
• 1 |
2S,270 0 0 |
|
|
Itille Piuvhaxa |
S.t>tHJ |
0 |
0 |
2.0W 0 0 |
|
Nil '..ml U.llerj .... |
lS.V'S |
0 |
10,W5 0 0 |
|
|
Sciriilihi: Wurki •ml KiprtimcnU |
0.43V |
0 |
0 |
|
|
It ■jmI tii-ara|>l.k.il rWi-W |
0 |
0 |
HO 0 0 |
|
|
Kn«al Hutwl? (K«p»"ni'nu for Pnl.l« Ob |
||||
|
0 1 |
1,000 0 0 |
|||
|
Cusi 5.- CuloxuL and Cu»l'LAl |
||||
|
Buvicn. |
, |
1 |
||
|
4.0J0 |
0 |
J |
3.050 0 0 |
|
|
rirr^j. North Am-rka |
U.S28 |
0 |
0 1 |
unit 1 |
|
Indus. Prpartaieal, Uu,ad> |
a.sii |
0 |
||
|
llriiuh I '..jimtna .... |
n'.sus |
0 |
e - |
42.SWS "i 0 |
|
Ituirrtiutt. Wot Iiidin, Ac. |
81.728 |
e |
0 |
4,728 0 fl |
|
Ji»i.r» dill* |
19.330 |
0 |
1,080 It u |
|
|
WntrmfaMtaf Africa . |
10.230 |
0 |
3.400 0 0 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
3,803 7 I |
||
|
Hrl.^nd |
0 |
|||
|
Fi!k...ntl luLiu'n |
i.ufl |
0 |
1.000 0 0 |
|
|
■ :!*» |
0 |
«.»'• 0 0 |
||
|
ia.Tt"j |
0 |
a,7ua 0 0 |
||
|
(*.i|.[urtd NrgTiwa .... |
13.1W0 |
0 |
0 |
4,iH>Q 0 0 |
|
i'™u.™»i,«n, tilii* Tridt Sapareuino |
1I.0SU |
0 |
||
|
I'vmIi Atouad ... |
i:>ii,i"4 |
0 |
IM<", 0 0 |
|
|
Srrum in China. Jipun. and S™ . |
iJT.atJS |
17,343 0 11 |
||
|
It.iiiiWt* ALmad. Kiuaordiaa j Kipriur |
(",UUU |
0 |
» |
4",IHj0 0 0 |
K»V"9 0 0 I. 170 0 0
138,504 0 0 1,000 "0 0
i.tyru*ft al tbr EUnrd of Saprtiatnlnci ■J lloaptala. lii-iaud ....
• jTimo laduaM la Van far 1*
5,.',u0 0 0
«UMo dull).
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 331
8KRYlCI8-£W»-f<t.
P.mjo OMn, Bu.UinjJ ■ Sum a( IlicWd Ccnr 4* Lion 0«« of Worka, I
|
KUPPLItff Mri W Ik* Vnu IW« |
IMUIDm tin Hudi. imc |
|
|
£ i. 30,000 0 1,860 V 6.0*1 0 17,900 0 1J.000 0 1SS.OO0 0 10,000 0 100,000 0 |
J. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
/ >. d. 4,000 0 0 50 0 0 6.641 0 0 SOW 0 0 isooo o o 71,000 0 0 " 68,000 0 0 |
K»v*»ci Dirimim i
Cualoau . Sakuica. fee. Tow 1 . ' 8B7.18B 0 0
Inland Bcthh . Sal.™*, ata.. Vnti 8 . 1.3111.88* 0 0
Pool Offiea . . Salariaa, Ac, Vol* 3 . , 3,061,218 0 0
u of Raton* U*. ) v_, , | ,IIHI ft A
Principal of Knbeqiur Bondi .
PiniiB For Sinvicn not ioW, bul iWH oo io» Kupplw gnnud far Uw Sfnitvof Iba Yaar 1B6S-00 :
liKiM of Kuarqaar Bill*, t-opplj .
38,684,747
2,000,000 '
Votra in Febnur* and Karen, 1860.
|
918,576 IT 037.100 0 UM.001 S |
1 0 0 |
|
861,654 IS |
4 |
|
12.830,333 3 |
3 |
|
2,000,000 0 |
0 |
|
801,018 B |
I |
|
4 It. 100 0 |
u |
|
35.IM>,4T0 is |
s |
|
...,,.1,..*.^.,.,. |
IMitDM |
|
t a. aT. 130.M1 0 0 M0.6S7 0 0 660,000 0 0 |
£ a. at l»«! 0 0 100.067 0 0 850.000 0 0 |
|
1,UT.«4» 0 V |
i ,;J7,«« o o |
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
mi
ill**
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ill
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BBBM.
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- JiM ...
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mm \\ {
mm
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
935
1!
U
c "8 If
BR gt*
if!
= 11
q i =
W 3
1:8
sill till
m
1 H*
i :
I 'hi| !i! £ i ] I mi
I JssS .si 1 I !sS3
fsss
• ■ =-= f- I <
1 I il§ l;
1 1
* ; 1 ssa
i 111
' i
! , iiss i
J 1|| 6 ..
55 S
2 -: - as
B3J
! iTiii I i I : i Hi
j .Hi Id " { I .151
Hill ■« 5 I 'lis !
1 ! i sgi I: ° : j ' j«fi
i i 1 svlji_ . _l J^ jjjjjjj ? III j | "7 -"I HI 1 , t..\ : Sf I J,,
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORK.
FROM TUE BETURHfl.
i;
i .. j.
Januur 43 II I 34
Frltman 49 0 I 34 II Hi
Manl 4.. 2 36 it)
April 40 1 37 2 24
«•)- 42 8 37 7 24
Jui* 44 II 3J 3 28
July 57 7 i 33 4 28
Aumiu 49 6 , 34 0 SB
8epw™li« ffii II 37 10 27
Odober 63 0 i 41 II 24
Korembe. 48 I 41 4 23
Drn-totm- ... 67 II 42 0 24
*. I B|* | B-h. Fan
A «. i ' *•- 4. ! a.
4 30 4 i SO 0 ] 38
II 29 0 . 39 6 38
I 34 10 30 7 ! 37
3 36 10 30 9,38
10 36 I 43 6 40
11 37 0 44 9 40 8 41 3 46 6 43 1 44 0 46 4 41 0 42 4 .10 1 38
4 30 4 40 8 ■ 46 0 37 0 44 0 j 47
AVKRAGE PRICES OK HAY, STRAW. A CLOVER, r LOAD.
|
J_ |
r* |
■Ui |
1 |
Hm. |
Mi |
*■» |
■-PL |
0* |
m. |
... |
|
50 H4 |
TO |
40 |
oil en IUO 04 |
60 »7 |
44 104 |
60 104 |
75 104 |
50 115 |
40 110 |
u 104 |
|
24 311 |
•25 30 711 104 |
■26 30 KO 104 |
27 24 34 32 80 80 114 111 |
'17 31 81) 113 |
36 42 |
30 « |
30 ■ |
30 38 |
30 SB 7U 115 |
32 36 80 110 |
|
90 100 |
74 128 |
120 |
80 115 |
70 130 |
AVERAGE ntlCES OF DITCHER'S MEAT, remge PrUi-s per Stone of HIU. in Kwithfield Market, iu 1800.
>46 44u>56 4 4i.
0 4 4 ... 4 8 4 8
|
Min-h "... |
4 0 . |
. 4 0 |
4 6 |
. 5 10 |
|
r |
4 0 . |
. 5 0 |
4 6 |
. 5 10 |
|
3 10 . |
. 4 4 |
5 0 . |
. 6 4 |
|
|
3 10 . |
4 8 |
4 10 . |
4 10 |
|
|
juii |
. 4 8 |
4 10 . |
. 4 10 |
|
|
9 8 . |
. 5 4 |
4 0 |
. 5 6 |
|
|
tirptrmber |
a 4 . |
. 5 0 |
3 8 |
|
|
l«c(.*tr... |
4 4 |
|||
|
N^Trmtwr |
4 4 |
. 4 0 |
4 10 |
. 5 6 |
Ucmnber . 4 0
. 4 4 i 4 0 ... 3 8 3 4
|
... 4 0 |
3 8 . |
. 4 8 |
|
... 4 6 |
4 4 . |
. 4 0 |
|
... 4 10 |
3 8 . |
. 4 8 |
|
... 4 6 |
4 6 . |
. 4 0 |
|
... 4 6 |
4 6 . |
. 4 0 |
|
... 5 4 |
3 8 |
. 4 10 |
|
... 4 V |
4 0 . |
. 4 0 |
|
... 4 4 |
4 0 . |
■ 4 4 |
|
i ... 4 6 |
4 0 |
. 4 4 |
|
1 ... 4 10 |
4 0 |
. 3 0 |
IUAL REGISTER, 1860.
■IS, BIRTHS, anil MARRIAGES, in Enclamd and Wu. iu the Methhijlib, iu tlic Year I860.— Co*f» ■irit'j </ llir, R'-jistrar-GeneraL
|
D WiLES. |
The Metbopolis. |
||||
|
P';.'!,;!,!. J; |
KK |
EnumM»t«1PonUlallDn— Oluut. IMl.l^Kl 1 ,',.!l>,,|.„l,r...n-l , 1 „ . ■ |
|||
|
SKKS. |
S. |
„**. |
ens |
Mort. In 1,^, per CBit- (Jiuitm. *™* |
|
|
slfl |
';" |
i ^"r!.l\ |
2-i)7 j |
E8 |
|
|
"'. s= |
miT |
Main .. SI.IM ' «.' toui .. eijei 1 kj |
1 Lbo Ye:ira 1851-lStfO.
UNIVERSITY HONOURS.
UNIVERSITY HONOURS.
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
EXAMINATIONS. Tbrm. Pamh. 1800.
IN LITBBia HUH A MORI BUB.
Cliwi I. < hnU-. C. W. BallU. Jrnkj.i.. II. IkUtiol. Tollfm«cb«, L A. ArfJief.
Ballie-Skm*, W. Cbrni CAniti. bullock, W. D. Aoi/uf. Vrntt. A. Corau CAiuti. Crawford. D. Baitiot. Jack™. W. W. llalhol. Fallrlt. T. C, ii.ro/*. Fntbtn, T. B A)H«;. 8hrpWd, J. fiaJ/ioJ. Ku.iford. W B. ftil/nJ. Btiuui, J. Cm wn.ij.
Brown, C. A. GIK* CAttC*.
CUrk. F. HvttHbr. Hm, K. J. IIWAa. M.ll.rd, P. QwVi.
Cuaa it.
Ml, T. SaltT.
BNbwkt, J. ll . c*rr**ari*L
Clued t. Om hnadrvd isd fertj-»rrmi.
J. R. T. Bum. J. W. CsUieett. C. & Farkar.
Oriffiihi, J. Jamt.
kft\n>, A. 8. V-irrrnlj. D*»y. A. Jfntn. (lev.. II. B. XnCalUgt. KiHo, J. F. St.A0**ilmU.
Pry*. P. W. * UmW ffatf.
H.b.rd™, W. B. OUitfCferel. JardM.0. W. JTuWnUL WUw,T. C. ££■»/■.
' i, L A. JhJftaJ.
8. (/Umilf.
|
NNUAL RE STIA NAT OR A LI. Bdaraf JMJ. PdMblvtl. Si, EJmusd Uall. Katmintri. R.illeii™. U. I'lMlillirtOll. ,;UDENTIA ET IIIS- |
GISTEK, I860. Browiie. T. L. M. Uniomitf. Evani, J. W. Jatu. Kcmimrav, J. H. CallioL Cuss™ II. Bednrell, F. Corpnt Ckriiti. Gem, S. Uairfritiy. Adam, {?. R. 5i- E.lmunJ nail. Baldwin, 0. da L. Jli-atmnt. Qumm iv. Campbell, tt\ A. Wormier. Wiiiiuuilev, P. L. SI. Allan Halt. Thirty-iix. |
UNIVERSITY HONOUR& 841
IN 8CIBNTIA KATURALI.
Jtm*. W. W. St Jek*l.
Lock, C. T. Sittrr.
Mn.l.n. II. C. C'<7« C*™*^
«-*w H. KirUr.
Sharp, J. Qam'i.
Smith, T. Jfartoa.
Spifn. H A. SaHiat.
Walirr. W. C. IWsdy.
Walkrr, A. CkriA CAardL
WcUfetd. J. F. HaqHaln Ball.
W«U J. W. /..wW«.
Tonng. Sir C. L„ BarL JV*. CWtrft.
On* hundred and In.
Charts, A. H. Lueo/a, Oawhina, W. B. Arw. QriaiB. V. C. H. Limntm. Pno., C. J. C. Aaifcrf.
I*ka,l. tTaaUaat.
Uunn rn.
It Wall.
J. R T. KalML
W. CaldkeiL
C. 9. Pa.k«t.
DaMM, H. A-Ma'i.
P.nny. C. Coram OtrM Prn», C. J.C. B*ttui.
mCeltrg*.
Adaraa. W. U. linanhtHi. C A. mtr. Oprnihiv. T. W. Ihtunof. Talbat T II CAKat Cam*. T«ni.a»a. W K H CAriftt ObkA,
Araoll, A. P. Trimilf.
itrrhlr;. W. /1™«.«. J»lf. A E. Caritt CAmi- Jcn«. W. W. .* JUmi. Ltlkan. P. L Auua. KajmlK, J R. Orxf. i, A C. fUL'i*i.
Sntlon, J. i Sharp, J. Qui
IWjr.
Climu PL
rAnat CWrdL
I »ri* daw*.
IV V. TV.artj- 1 R B. CarpvaCanalL
Cum tr. I. B*tHtl. m Q. U ."
UorataJI, T. H. IT.aaMrr. Ka4dta, J. IW**Y Vidian, H. H. C'*™* CAawrA. Witkkaa, F. E. Stm Umttf.
UNI VEH8ITY HONOURS.
Junior Optima.
Dil BrdilMM j Trinity.
BnnrDlsv } Jtq. Emmauu*l.
Honrd 1 CUm
Co-dl * ( j. IViaitjr.
iWS, 1 ^ /.--..Mt
Inn* Cnntf:
Braoki .... . r.intf
^btiutb . . .. Prmlrnt*.
n«r.t ( •*»- /•*••;
JUi-'.- r..».rr
Ihuaiaf. (triiO.
Bsll«tk | Ohm
|
Dt. c«d. |
Trinity. ..«M>-*. |
|
|
D*Aubum.. |
||
|
Hut |
..CbrpM. |
|
|
Btn Colli.* |
Ohu Gnat. |
|
|
B«ntt |
^,. |
Clw*. |
|
HucCUntaat |
Trinity 11. |
Wbiu _
Bnitk TrUtlfB.
Vum* OurpiM.
Fm .• TWaify.
DuMport) - Trinity.
Ftnn j -*»■ JE—W
W.dd.11 J •**• ITuA,.
Wrdgtweel IWaAj.
CLASSICAL TRIPOS. 1860.
( n«iry John Bob;,
J William John B«l
*■ 1 Arthur Wolfe. M.A
LThonu YWA, B.D.
M.A.. &. /•*■**,
imi I, M.A., Trinity.
CUrt. ., .St /«•■-«.
t>«. B«tj. T II
>*lwk 1
B*ikrl |
^o.
l-rmt^h.
<Vn.|] 7V,..(j.
Jn,kM.n, (;««. I , JMaV U.in 1 ■*»■ IViW«.
IW.w- Jtmn't.
lo,>n, K. l>. | - /*U,. Montaca \ * MmjJa.tr.
m— «■■>
AmiLnon AAm.
llelaa Triailr.
|
Mem) |
A, |
Trinity, Kmnmnid. |
|
Huron. .. |
..Trinity |
|
|
Wood. J. C. |
j -*J |
Trinity B. Joint. |
|
Manila!! 1 |
JK,. |
TrtnUy. |
|
Kanrill J CWjioo. r |
P""'«*l. |
|
|
intCUti |
||
|
BmHudUt |
..TVtuif*. |
|
|
9— i. |
||
|
Pri-ski ... |
. Trimiif. |
|
|
(hnl4 |
\ * |
Trinity. |
|
Buarlt » Whartao 1 |
** |
Jok'n,. ' |
|
fWk* ... |
||
|
KM \ W.jUtJ |
Jtf. |
|
|
Brant* ... |
||
|
FUbi.IT ... |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
THE MINISTRY
■I Hood at the Meeting of Parliament on tkt 94fA January. THE CABINET.
Firat Urd nf iht TrewufT . ■
Lord Chancellor
Pmidrnl «f the Coancil . . .
Lord Priijf 8e.,l
Seirrwrj of .Sum. Home Depart m* H«rrUrf of Slate, Koreign Depart. Secretary of 8U'e for Colour Herniary of Sim* lor Wu Beeretarj of Siale fur India Chniieellor of lh« Kich-on-r Kim Unl "f the Admiralty Preaident of lb. Baud of Ti HottmatteMlenern] . . . Chancellor of ihs Doebr of Lancaster Chief < 'oaniMior.tr of the Poor Ui Beard Chief Srcrtlaxj for Ireland
Bight Hon. Timnl Palmernon.
Rigai Hon. Lord CaapMl.
B-trht Hm. Karl Gnnrill.
Ilii (Iran the Dole of Argyll.
Bight Han. Sir Qw. ConMwall Lee/it, D
Bight Hon. Lord John Boee.ll.
Hi. One* the Dake of NrwcauJ*.
Bvbi ll~> IUhi IlerWn
R*if«« lion Bar CI
■ H« Borl ■( HUcb.
I. fit.
J u d „■» - A d i ocau-Utawnl A Homer Gene raj . . Molicilw General . .
NOT IN THE CABINET.
in-Chief .... H.B.H. Dake of Cambridge. Bight Hon. William Halt Bight Hon. Robert Lowe. Bight Ilea. Willaui Francit Covprr. Bight Hon. Thorn
ard of Trada . . . ( tbo CoauaiUM oft * Bdacnliou . . [ *r of Work* and)
8irBkhardB.lbell.KDL BirWillMA.bonoaL.KoL
Lord l.irntenant.
IRELAND.
. . . Bight Hon. Bar! of Certiele.
Lord rhaneell.T Bight Hon. laotvr* Brady
Chief Secretary Btg-I Mao. Kd-ard Card well.
AltnrneT ■'l-arrnl Bi(bt Hon. Richard Deeiy.
Bolster Grr.er.1 Tboaai 0 Hagnn, Baa.
QUEENS HOUSEHOLD.
L«rd Si* ward Bight Hob Bari of Bl (JrranH,
Lord Chamberlain Bight Haa. Viecwaat Brdnej.
Haater of tbo Hsraa Ho* Haa. lfaraaaat -t Arleabarr.
Mi ireti of the Robot Dwehee. of SatkarLud.
THIS FOLLOWIKG cniKOK TOOK rT-ACE DCRIKO TRR TIUH:— a Right Hon. Lord Stank-, af A Warier, la he fliatllllil Oeaat-I, Meeta*
af Elgin, «a3|«ial Miotien to China.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
347
Brtconahin ! Carmarthenihira
I Wool try lb Unt
iontibihira
WALES.
Gaorg* Richard Qrifltk, of PeacraJg, aaq. John Hiana, of Breton, aaq. Alan Jamaa Gnltlon, of Llarynbarilan, *m. John Whitehaad 0«».«, of TtwyraJIt, aaq. William Jonea, of Glandm-iia, mv UapON, oaq. Jamaa HardcaatL-, of Pen jUn, Mr E ■ban, nq. Howal Haddock inker Jena., of Wepm Hall, aaq. Ororaa ('ire j Row, of Coort-y-ralla, aaq. William Curling, af Maaamaa-r, aa. Charter F. Threaten, of Talivth Hail, Ha. 0-of»« Aognilal Harrier, of Hilton, an. Henry QaotRe Philips, of Abbey Camhir, aaq.
|
Cartickfrrgu T. Clara . . . Cork. - , . Cart City . , Down . . . Dro-j Wa Town ImM.n . . . Dublin Cilj . Uaiw.y . . . (lal »aj Toarn . Kilkenny . . Kilkenny Oil, Lmxr-k Lo'""™d l'"' ' Louih . . . QaWl I-..BIJ BnacnamoD |
||
|
Tyr-ne . . W.Wwd Walerford City Weiford Wkklow . . |
IRELAND.
Hour Hap* M1»riW, Pwk>Mnt, Balkut, req. Ll-Col. William Croat, Dartan, Annul, John Lack, Waleon, KUcennor, Penngk, aaq. Tbataaa Batteraby, Carhckfarjriu, aaq. Janata flfry Tank, Relurbat, nq. W.inwrigbl Cream, Cahircalla, Knaia, aaq. Nicholai Dunwrabe, Hnnl Deeert, Cork, aaq. Prancia B. Leahy. Sbanekiel, Cark, aaq. Jamea Teaenpeoa Hack,, Belmont. Loodoodwrj, aaq. John B. HoBilon. OnuiKtnald, Beirut, aaq. William Qemon. 76, Loa-ar Qardiawalraat, nq. Sir I'barWi C. DoniTille, Btuiu-y Hour, ban. Prancia B. Brooke, QardinerYrew, a*q. Edward Mairnira, Snnlinbar. aaq. Michael J. Chreverr, Killyon. Moni.ea, nq. Qroret Morrie. Vail Park, Qal«*y, aaq.
nail, Darrjian. Abb-,. Cahirdveeu, aaq.
I..k nlii„-„ K... _
John Snulhwkk, Si. Prancia Abb*,, Kilkenny, tea.
Edward J. Krone. BhoTedale, Killacan, aaq.
Jnrepb BRinat Utile, Kilraab, BalliraUMn, aaq.
Hear, Leone, Cr.oaa, aaq.
Rdward Hornby, Iba Creaeeit, Liawtiek. nq.
John Ateiaader, KtwUwnliaaandy, «
John Stratford Kirwaa. Ban, Lonrfeed, aaq.
Lawrence Waldron. Ball; brack, Dalkey, aaq.
CnloiKl Chart* Km, BeJlinreba.
Ocoftra Boaalord, Oakley Park. KelU, aaq.
Li.-Cnl Thoe. Orirl Porter. Cc+lderry, "nrrrhaanrrnn
Thorn*. Kmaiia, Bbana, Maryboroagh, aaq.
Pat Hogh O'Connor, jun , Dandiraaot, ilallymoe, aaq.
John Woalh Puweau. Draaadae, Boy la, aaq.
Thenar Lalar, Cnn Una, Carrick-on-Salr, aaq.
Mir Jaa. John Hem.tlo*, Weedbreak, Nrwlao -Stewart.
Tboaaaa Piuermld, Ballina Park, TiBwnUwa, aaa.
W.lliaaa Johnaoav Waurtord. nq.
Tba Hob. Taaaptt ILutu TaaapU, Waiantowm, Athlaae.
Joha Thoa. Etaabnnngh Ceicleeajh. Taatar. Ibbaj, In
Baa*, aaq. William Bobt. U TaaKba, BaOtrM, D*a«>aj, aaq.
NNUAIi REGISTER, 1860.
EIBTHS.
19. At I'ppcr fternjonr «C FWc »(]., tlic Hou. Mr*. Chariea Lmmpj V
RTHS. 1860.
■•■2. At the liritiah LtttiUod. Tl= tin- [.art j' Angtiatua Loftua, >im. S3. At Edintiargb, tha Hoo_ 1
c.i^nliill. it dan.
— Al Eaton -p (aiUa Shall, K.r.
21 At linwlion
— Ai. lUtou -plitr*. tl>» Wjf «f .'.,-ii„ sIk.ii, K.r.ii., »«,„.
21 At CrMOclMta M»ur, L**N*< uliirp, ilia lady of Aoitiruae Llafo Pi
ind heir, lippa, ™|., a ^on.
ulinm, Hants, tin.' lady — At L'iiaHucmic, Porblaahire. S.
J'Shca, 2nd Katt. 20tb Lady t)it*ou CannklmH, a toa-
— In Dorcr-atttct, ilie lady rf 7\ •y-nq,, the lady of Copt, roy Kelly. HP, a Jjq.
«•, » d»n. — Al Valcn™, Uic Couutca* a! 5
Jrae, prematurely, the bury, a dan,
ttuait E. Grant Duff, 26. At Southampton, tha tad)
Archdeacon Wigmni, a un. ri«vonporl, tha Hon. 27. In Grceiwt-, firrwyenwr**].. f art, a dun. huly of Sir KercsJ.v Hltottll, bail,
iir, Jersey, tho lad)- of aon.
— Al Stuttgart, (he Baronnai Ha ■" nl.adau.
■ !"r h <ul_. .',
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
840
jlolcawortk, a dan.
13. At Rutland -sate, Hyde-park, the ham. Hod. Mrs. Alfred Sartorla. a eon. heir.
16. At the Dusager Lady Filmer'a, —
Kalon so,., Ihe Udy or the Rev. P. II. Saukcj, Rector ol Higoclere, liaula, a
■ At TbiriesUina Hall, Cheltan-
— In Menafleld-atreet, the Lady Ullck Browne, a dan.
— The wife of J. Bihar, I. Oeorge- itrwi, Princes i tree t, Hajaaariai, wae deli'eiwl of three floe boya
11. At Brongbtoa Castle, Banoarj, the Lad j Auguata Fleunea, a dao-
— At Ecctealon square, the Hon. Uroeicnor.it., Lady Mrs. Frederick Hobart, a aoo.
I^oodoo. the Countess of War-
— The lady of Joseph G. Barclay, esq., of IicytOD, Eawi, a ton.
— At Rutland-gale, the Hon. Mr*. Portmao, a •on.
Maria ron*onl>y. a son,
20. Al FioUorough, Suffolk, (he Lady France* Prttisard, a dau.
— Al Albany-ler., Park-*q. Eaat, Ihe ladv of Fletcher C Norton, esq -, a son.
21. Al Brighton, the Udy of Cant. £ A. a Trwera, a aon.
- At Weal Huntington, MM York,
a-lck. a
IS. The Hon. Mm. Hsrbord, a ton. r Id. At Maen Glaa, en. Donegal, the Ybronnlani Liflbrd. a dan.
IT. At Hyde-Park place, the Hon. Mr*. Hughes, a das.
18. the Udy of Bolkley J. Mack- Uic lady of Licui.-CoL Q. Liater Kaye. worth Praed, esq., a (an. a dau." 10. Mr*. Spencer A. PereaTal, Ckriat-
-~ At Dcrrr Cattle. Tlppenry, Ihe church, Ke» Zealand, a dan. ladi of Lieut. Col. Lnmlty, a dau. — Lady Elcho, a aon.
S3. At EwelL Surrey, the Udy of the SO. At 8 tosloa- rectory, Stole, the
Rer. Sir licorge I. Ulyn, bait, a dan. Hon. Mm. Ed»ard Paget, a eon.
— AHiuulon l'ark, the Ladv Suflirld, 21. At London, Canada Wast, the a dau. Hon. Mrs. Maurice PorUnaa. a aon.
- At W'clwjn Rectory, Herts, Lady At Dacre-park terrace, Black hanln, Rooihl.v. a dau. the Udy of CoL Pordyce, Ben*;. Hone
ii. At Cleveland an,., Hyde-park, the An., a aon. lady of II. J. Kcnnard.es*).. a dau. g-j. At Enlcshm -square, the Lady
•Jrf Al Katon b) , the Countess do Elisabeth Cast, a dan.
— At Onslos -crescent, the lady of Col. Eielyo. a aon.
23. Tha Lady Nigel Kennedy, a son. ' Ecctes-etrect. Dublin, the Udy
Al BulUnd-gale, the Udy of At St. John* Lodge, the Udy of
Al Slsina Csatle. . I'oiiniea* of Krroll. s dau. Lady Walter .Scott, a aon i
h. At Twickenham, Middlesex, the Udy of Sir Lionel Wnsiih. hart., a dau.
Si. Al (ilenara Caatle, North Ira lind, Ihe Countess of Antrim,
S4. At Manor-boose, Farnhan, tha Udy of CapL Hornby BuUer, a dan.
— At Belfast, the Udy of P.O. Tail, esq . Professor of Matheaaatlaa In the Uuecu'i University, a das.
SO. At (iroarenor-nlane, tha Lady AdeU (loC a aon.
SO. A l South-street, Lady Colebrook,
— At Milmalmn. Caatle Townasnd, _„_,, Coet, the Udy of LWuL-CoL Sonur- V^J' ~M. ' . TilU. a nun and heir.
11 At Barlsad. Radnorshire, the 1. At Lnrehfleld. Bear
kdy of liter** H. W. Carres-, eeq., of Udy of Major-Gen. Lnn-r
Cros-combe-court, Somerset, a ion, 1 A t Corn, Ian lady of htnjnr T. da
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. BJRTHS. 19. At Upper Seymour «(., Porlman- ,XHS. Bq.,tbeHon.Mrs.Cbarlca Lcnnoi Peel, 22. At the British Lecalion. Vienna, l(jQ the Lady Autruatus Luflus, a son. S3. At Edinburgh, the lion. Mrs. Grcenhill, it dim. UARY. — At liUon ]-h-:v. th" tad)- of Sir Justin Shell, K.C.B.. a son. al N\iv»t„ Spring- 2i. At Qrace.licu Manor. Leiceetor- of U. Sdilct-Uooth, shire. the lady of Ambrose LULv PhU- 1 heir. lipiw, esq., a son. ;iiii, II;. nl-. Itiv 1 i ■ ] > — ,\t CiL-ll .Traii.-, J'—!.1<-I,ii.'. N'.li.. ihea, 2nd Halt. 20th Lady Gibson Carmirhael, a aon. — In Dover -street, the lady of Fitr- iq., the inly of Capt. roy Kelly, M.R.adan. a dau. — At Valence, the Conn teas of Nor- ac, prematurely, tbe burv, n dau. art B. Grant "Duff, 28. At Southampton, Iho lady of Archdeacon Wigrnm, a son. evonport, the lion. 27. In Green-at., Gro*venor-sq., the 1. a dun. iarly of Sir Reretsby Sitwcll, barL, a , Jersey, the lady of son. |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 849
Tii, toe lady of Lieut. B. Sftsk*&a* Lady Bcaredale, ■
nlolo»worlh,*dan. — Al ThirloUiae Hall, Cbellen-
13. At Rutljuid-oWr Hyde-pnrk, tit hnm, the Count*** SUnbeeh, a aon and
lion. Mm. Alfred dartoria. ft •no. heir.
16. At lie Dowager Lady Filmer., — Is Maaeflold- afreet, Um Lady
Keton-nq., tb« but; of the Kef. P. M. Ullck Bnm, ft dio.
Bankey, Hector ol Hlgbclere, Hull, ft — The wife of J. Ether, t, George-
■un. atreet. Prince* it reel, Hajauukel, ni
— The lade of Joeepb Q. Barclay, delivered of three floe bej*.
esq, of Lejton, Emu, ft eon. It. At Brooghton CaUle, Banbury,
— At Uulland-gale, the Hon. Mr*, the Lady A ugu*ta Flennea, a dan. PortBun, > eon. — At Eeclatan-aqnare, lit Hob.
18. At Upper Uroetenor-iL, Lady lire. Frederick Hebart, ft too.
Maria I'oaioniij, > eon. — la London, the Counlen* of ffu-
■2d. At Plnboroiigh, S.iffolk, the Lady wick, ■ dan.
Prance* Petti ward, ■ dan. IS. The Hon, Mr*. Harbwd, ft aon.
— At Albeoj-ter.. Park-eo,. Eait, the id. At Keen Ola*, en. Donegal, the lad; of Fletcher C. Norton, eeq., a aon. Viarounteaa LI Ob id, a dan.
21. At Brighton, the lady of CepL IT. At Hyde-Perk place, the Hon.
K. A. B. TraTera, a eon. Mr*. Hngbea, adan.
— At Tort HnnlingWa, near York, is. Um lady of BnlUej J. Mack- Ihe ladv of LioaL-CoL a Lister Kate, worth Pried, eon., a eon.
adan. 19. lira. Spencer A. Pereeral, ChliaV
— Al Derrj Caatle. Tipperery, the church. New Zealand, a dan. ladr of Lieut- Col. Lumlc) , ft dan. — Lady Elebo, a eon.
23. At EwelL Homy, the lady of the so. Al Bt niton- rectory, Seole, the Bct. SirlleorgeL. Olyn, bart., • dan. Hon. hire. Edward Paget, ft ana.
— AlUnatnftPark.tfceLadYSufirld, ji. At London, Canada Weal, the a dan. Hon. hire, llaurice Portman, a aon.
— At Wclwyn Rectory, Herta, Lady Al Uftcre-park terrace, Blackbeath, Buotbli;, a dan. the lady of CoL Fordyce, Bcng. Horee
24. Al Cleveland*!-, Hyde-park, the Art, ■ ■on.
lady of II. J. K canard, eeq.. a dau. 22. At Eccleeton-aqnan, tbo Lady
21. At Eaton «[., the Count*** d« KlUaWih Coat, a dan.
Morella, a eon. —At Onalow crescent, the lady of
27. At Buttand-gftte, the lady of CoL Rretyu. a aon.
Lieut. -t'ol. Aelley. a daa. 2S. The Lady Nigel Kenned r, • eoc
Al Hi. John'* Lodge, the lady of — At Ecdeaatreet. Dublin, the lady
Ibe Iter. Itr. Bateaoo, Heater of 8t. of Major Bellaire, Deputy Andatant
John* College, adan. Adj.-Uen., * aon.
35. At Manor-bouaa, Parnbaai, the
u , uf.ii lady of Cant. Hornby Boiler, a dan.
■•*■*■"■ _ AlBeUant.tbeladyof P.O.Tait,
f. Al RUin. fWle. Aberdeeaahire. ff"1 '. Sftgjf ****—** " *"
the Connteea of Brmll. ft dftu. Utf".^'#™"T' ""^ .w ,„,
i, Udy Walter Scott, a eon and J* Q+ZST^"' '
kT At Twickenham. Middle*., Um » At h-****--*. Lady Colebmok,
ladv of Sir Lionel Health, ban., a dao. ■<to*\,„, , ,, ,, ,
* At (llcnarm Caetle North In- — Al Malnalren, Caalle Townnend,
land, the Conn^crKtrinV. a in <**■ *• "j * "-*.*•«• Snn»r-
um. irj?*** ** Udj "*"" - iiwZXi** «*» ***.
lii. In I'pper Eerleatoa-**.. Belgmee. » •**•
*q.. (heladTof H. C. Olyma,wM).,C«nV APRIL.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
951
13. At Hcrtot Kov, Edinburgh, Um Hod. Mra Walker, of Dairy, * dan.
— At Hollybraok, Lady Kreklne, of Cambo, » »on-
1 1. At Southend, the lady of Lint- Col, a. K, Gordon, a dea.
— At St. Junm'n Square, the Dachoe* of Mariboroufc, a dan,
IS. At Upper Brook-etnet, tin Via-
18. At Cheltonhera, the ladj of Major Cadwallader Edward*, a dan.
IB. At Eaatcloee. Cbriatchurch, the lad; of Sir George Jervia, ban., a dao.
— At Heath Cotla«e, laverneae, the la.iv of Major T. T. Bolleau, a dao.
— At the Korai Military Atrium, CheUea, the lad; of Col. Chariot Crutch-
(1. LndyOi
— At the Rectory, Bodnle, Um Horn. Mra. T. J- Mooaon. a km.
— At the Brillah Conaolete, Foo- Cboa-Foo, China, the lady of Waller H. Medhnnt, eon, H.BJI.'a Coonol, a daa.
jcam
1. In Bedford place, Biuaell-iqa are, tie lad; of Mr. Serjeant Miller, a dao.
S Al Dhnmuela, Ihe lady of T. D. Forayth, aaq.. C.B., Conunlaaioner of Lahore, a dao.
— At Dorcieetar Hooae, Park -lane, Mra. Holford. aaonend heir.
— AlBrandeetoo Hall, Suffolk, Mra.
perd.
At St. Petersburg, the lady of it Idnck. eaq.. Pint Paid Attache, in Legation, a dau
At Stanhopealreet, Hydn-park- nu, Um lady of lie BeT. Baden 41, • —
kt the Rectory, flhobdoo, llere- fordablre, tie lad; of the Hon. and Rot. A. A. U. Hanbo rT. a dan.
2*. Al Rutland-gate, the Hon. Mm. Frederick Peel, a dan.
— At Wllton-creaeent. BelgraTe- •"inare, lie Hon. Mra. Nugent Benkoa,
— At Dorer, the lady of the Hon. W W. Addlngton, a earn.
as. At Herbert-place, Dublin, the lady of Li.ut.-CoL Gordon, 75th Reft.,
— At tie reaidence of her father, tie llighl Hon. Janice Wlleon. Calcetta, the la.1. of William Sterling Halaey, eeo . U.C 8., a dan.
37. Ai Kew. the lady of Dr. Hooker,
FR.S, a aor.
20. Al Stune Lodge, Ipnici, the Hon. Mra. George Hook wood, a eon.
3V. At R.de.Ueof Wlghl, tie lady of LieoL-Col. Daly. IB, a mm.
SO. At Chalky!!, Uwrle Park, Syd- enham, Ihe lady of LieaU-Col. W tlliaai Jerri*, an
Col. Chapman, 18th Royal Irian, a dan.
6. At Corn, near St- Aaanh, the lady
of UeaL-Col. WlllUm* Wynn, M.P.,
T. At Upper Hyde-park -gardena, Ihe lady of Sir John Lawrence, a dan.
— At Gloettoeler-craeceat North, tie Lady North, a dan.
— At Ellenlie, near Baraataple, Ihe lady of LiaatX'ol. R. Wyllie, a eon.
8. At Wear Hooae, near Exeter, Lad i Duckworth, a dan.
— Al Cheaterneld-atreet, hUymlr, tie Hon. Mra. Okeorer, a daa.
10. Al Woodaley Hooae, Leede, the widow of CoL Brandling, C.B.. *LA,
11. At Flliwilliem equal*. Dahlia, lie Lady Cerew, a eon and heir.
IB. At Sanrlgate. Kent, the lady of
Major-Gen. W. Freke WUUaeae, K.H,
— Al CanterUery, the lady of Major Bowlby, <Mih Regt , a eon.
— The Hen. Mra. Gown* Vera**, Moslncn-aqnare, a dan.
— fa ClerrlaBd-oqeare, Hyde-park, lie lady of Major A- Banay, BX,
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. BIItTHS. L-street, Groevenor- 2S. At Claremont-ter., Mount Ead- KB TL-lic. -j ton. ftrf, the laily of Lieut, -Col. Edwards, » place, tlic Lady Ade- dau. — At Choini '■■■:., i im-ninoy, the, lady l.oi-tl.u'i. (hi liidy uf of Major I.imioi, li-A , a dan. LP., a dau. Lately- At Stot luw Vk'ara^e, Norfolk, a, the lion. Mre. the llou. lira. Nelson, aeon. ■ne-pWc, SttOMfe Walton, astb Kegt,, JULY. trcet, Mm. Lindsay 1. At Harapstead, the Hon. Mi«. Maurice Drummoud. a dau. j, N.R.. the lady of 2. At LvftiUt., Bclgrave-aq., Lady 10, late 70th High- Skiuwith, aaon. 3. Lady Hubert Cecil, a dau. ;r-equare, the Hon. — AtCaiili-v-LKin, Aui;l«sea,the Judy of Major W. D. Hague, a dau. -square, the Lady — At 1'nrl.n.vh-U'r .^oulhsca.thBlady a, of Lieul.-Col.l'ayn, CB.,6;lrd Kcgt., a i, Surrey, the lady dau. Peurhvn, a dau. i. At Lahore, in Northern India, the llo'uae, Luly John lady of CaL-t. A. It. Fuller, B.A., a aon. |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 353
BIRTHS.
ladj of LIcut-CoL B. Oraneilte Lajard, >. At Rutland Gate, the Hon. Mr*,
a dm. Louis Hope, a dan.
IS. At Hertford-it-. May (air, the ladj i. At Win ton Villi, Leamington, the
of UcuL-Col. Cooper, Oreu. Guards, a ladj of Col. W. H. Vlcsn, a eon.
•on. S. AtTowerVilla.Weatonauper-Mare,
— At Kelw, N.B., Ladj Cnnlngham the lad; of Cot. II. Shuckburgh, a eon,
Pairllo. a dan. — At the Cathedral •dote, Lichfield,
20. At Vpner OrotTcoorit, the Via- lad; of John K. Fitsherbert, eaq., a
countess .Hiortnont, a eon. dan- Si. At Jeunond Grove, Edgloiton, — AtBerkelcy-aq. , the ladyof George
the lady of George A. F.rcritt, e>q.. Poire, cm}.. Secretary to ll.lt. '■ Lega-
Helgian and Hanoverian Consul at Bir- lion at Hanover, a aon.
ruing ham. a son. 0. At Talacre, Pllotahire, the Hon.
— At tiroaictior «q , the Lad; Char- Ledt Mmtrn, a ton.
lotto Walaon Tailor, a dau. 8. At Windsor, the Hon. Mra Henry
SS. At 1-anmloirne-roa.l. Netting Hill, Campbell, a dan.
the ladj of E. H. Ward, eaq., H.A., a »- At Mariatow, Plymouth, the Hob.
dan. Lady Lopen, a dan.
— At the Victoria Hotel, Knalon-eq., 10. At Lower Bafgot-aL, Dublin, the Ibe Hon. lira. Frederick Holland, a ladj of LleuL-CoL Uawlej, fluth Ulflca,
11. At Sonthaea, Hani*, tha ladj of Col. Plerrepont Mundav. K.A., anon.
— At the Sees. Sheldon, Devon, the Ledi Clifford, a dan.
— At Hibaton Hall. Torkahlre. the ladj of John Dent Dent, eaq., H.P..
2nd Bengal Fu.lllern, a dau.
•111. At The Orange, Farnham, Burrej, Ibe Hon. Mra. Henry Clifford, a dan.
— At Portland place, Ladj Harriet Vernon, a non.
34. At Anlmore, the ladv of Thee. FiiaUciaM. «,, of Hallina-park. High Sheriff of the count) of Waierford, a
— At Berlin, II R II. the Princess Frederick William of Pnuwia. a dau.
25. At Hurler, near 1-ecdn, tLe Hon. Mr.. William Becked DcnUtn. a dan. Chapel at., Gmavenor-eq., the r Dawson llamer, a
i. Mra. So d
l Balllle
. Meioflle, .. late rimh IEiitiI llifk-m. a dau. Ho. At Wiliou-creaccnt. M Cochrane, a aon ami beir.
- At Parkhor.1 Barracks, late of WilAl, Ibe la.lv of Major Frederick lli-coe Tritton, 5th Depot Battalion, a
12. At Udv Bumrd'e, In the lale of Wight, (ho ladj of Lieut-Col. Sidney Bnrrard. a aon.
-- At I'pper Brook -it., the Hun. Mr*. OgiWy.eon and heir.
— At Shut-borough, the Connie** of Lichfield, a dan.
— At Ut,itlcr Villa. Clifton Hill. Brighton, the ladj of Lieut- -Col. F. A.
13. At .Seller Castle, the ladj of Major Wilbraham. a ion.
IS. At the Palace. Salisbury, (he ladj of the Huhup of Salisbury, a dan.
"" tjucen'i lev., Hyde park, the
Hon
e Lv.
I late, the Hon. a dan.
1(1. At Kingston. Sott*. Ladj Belper,
Hoc
3. At Portland-place, the ladj of J. Bon ham -Carter, esq , M.P., n dan.
— At Wellington l*T., Kandgnle, the ta.lT of Dr. J Frwr, CO., Deputy In- spector < leneral of II oepl tale, aeon.
IT. A(S«Lnston,fJe of Wight, Ladj Simeon, a dan.
ID. At Bcauchief Abbey, Derbyshire, the residence of her mother, tha ladj of the Be*. C. A. Aaabeton Crarea, Chaplain to the Foreea, a aon.
— At Victoria. Hong Hong, the ladj of Patrick H. Harper, eaq., a dan.
|
SUAL REGISTER, X860. BLKTES. ., May-fair, tbe lady i. The lidv of Major Peine, District , mo., M.P.. a i*jii. Staff, Waiter Yard, York, a son. all, ocar Coleshill, — At t.il.-nn.i. the lady of Capt. mly of J. D. Wing- Basil K. Hueon. lulu r.ni.h Ueiri, B.X.I., dau. and bccoixI .V--i~cmr-Sc.rr.tury to da- rt, Berkshire, Lady veriimi-nt .Military 1 lijiiutuieut, a sod. 5. At liuMiil I'iiiiloi'. lvisi lu'lin, the Igo, the lady of Col. lady of JUj'.T C-il.U'a, ll.il .'» Sim llegt., [.P., a sou. aeon. lie lady of .Major — At Ciiijuciintur-iilan:. Portman-eq., the lady of Sir Charles It MttOrijfor, . Etet. Dublin, the hart, a son. ihon 14th iKiug'B) ti. At -Ivi-nvn'iil t'jirl . uluui'eaturshir'e, on. Ladv Jenkinson, a son. n-place, Oxford, the — At The Cranjre, Taplow, the ladj ucs E. Tluirohl lio- of the Hon. Mr. Irby, a son and heir, ofeatorof Economic — At \Y aimer, Kent, the lady of us, a son. Major Castle, a son. rove, Fwl ham- road, 1. At Queen's-rd., lloefcnt's-pk., the '. Kins; Hall, C.B., lady of Eilw. Joseph Thackweil, esq., Itlaiiir, a dau. Barriater-at'Law, lute Capt. BOlb Foot, irk, Sunuin? Hill, a dau. lazaret Charteris, — At Al<lt-r-lir>t. the liidy of Major |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
865
IT. At Chorlejwood, Herts, the Lady of William Longman, esq., a ilm. - Ai IVmah, Bombay, tbc Baronesa
At Hofhcpicd-Larpcnl
Mr.
18. AtCh*ltenham,th*l»djofLient.- CoL Orrj, Sitb Ughl Infaatrr, * dan.
— At Us Dowager Lady Wenlocka, RfritclcTK]u»ie. the Hon. Hn. James Stuart wortlcT, a dan.
19. At lUir-Moon itiret, the lady of Henry Trrmajnc, mq., a Uau.
~ At Montpellcr Tcrraec, Chelten- ham, the ladj of Honier Williaroa, esq.
— AI Uke House. Torquay, the lady
90. AlMoasoorre, the larlrof Patrick C.imejry, esq., Deputy -Commlattoner of
31. At Qiiren-atnrct, Mar-fair, (he ladj of Captain Gerard /. Napier, R.X., a ion.
?1. At Wilton Hone, Northwlcb, the ladr of Richard Aaahdon Crow,
2i. At (lurmser, the ladj of Col. 0. It. Pagan, a dau.
— At Brysn at on square, the Lady Wodehouse, a eon.
— At Weal morel and -place. Baft- water, the ladj of John Crokcr Bum,
■IS At Hopetoun Honae, Unllth- gonrahire, the Countess of Hopetoun, a •on and heir.
■- ,U Bloke Talmadge. Oxfordshire, the lion. Mr. William Brron. a sou.
2<I AI AMrr.hol.lhel. Curtis, the Carabineers, i
29. At Edinburgh, Ladj Edith Per- go won. a dau.
3H. At Dcnor Hill. Kent, the lad; of Lieut -Col. Hontrcasor, Grenadier Guard*, a datt.
- At Nuwcra Ellia,lnCeTlon,Ladj
OCTOBER.
1. At Roorkee, N'.W. Provinces of India, the lady of Capt Robert Marla- g»n. II &. 1'rinrlpal of Thomason Col- legc. a Mitt.
- At Ipper Oat too. Barmy, the lad? of Coleridge J. Kenaard, eaq..
attire, the Co an Ms* of Westmoreland,
— At Sankoaeto, H.I 11. the Km proas of Russia, a prince.
— I*d y Horria, • son. ' " Sinipo.Mra.Sincl
I. 't Consul, a dan.
— . At Redball, eo. Antrim, the lady of the Terr re*. Oeo. Bull, Dean of Connor, a aon.
a. Al Haarlem, the UdjofJ.O.CL. Newuham, esq., H B.H 'a Consul, Ara-
— At 1 dens, the lady o esq , a dau.
— AI a Bolffjate- square, (he Ladj Katharine Hamilton Russell, a dau.
— In Poet-street, Hn. William O. Tenon Harcoort, a boo.
— AtBbelton,™. Wickhrw, the Ladj Catherine Petre. a dan.
S. At Traflbrd Park, Lady Annette de Traflbrd, a dan.
9. At Esxingtoa Hall, Bortunon- Trent, Lady Every, a son.
— AI Honereifle Hook, Pcrthakirs, the Ladj Louisa Monereiffe. a son.
— At Bjlands, Hants, the lady of Douglas V. Vernon, esq . a dan.
— At Kineton, the lady of Col. Cart- wright, a son.
m. At Worth Park, Sussex, the lady of Joseph Merer Monteflore, a son.
— At Motlrafoot Abbey, Hants, Um Hon. Mm. Henry Canon, a dao.
11. At St Leonard's Forest, near Horsham, the Hon. Hn. Keith Fal-
— At Woolwkh. tha lady of lieot- CoL Thompson, R.A.. a son.
IS. At Firls Plsee. the seal of Yar- eonal Qage, the Hob. Hn. Edward Qsge, a aon. _
the Hon.
II- At Caslleton. the Hon Ladj Walker, a
de Viames et de Pbntaleu. a dan.
— At Florence, the lady of Alexajadsr ktaebnan. eaq., H M.'a Cossjnl at Laf- ho to. a dan.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
BIBTHS.
IT. In t'nton-itreel, Bocheater, Um l*dy of C'ipL Cooper,. 7th Boj. Tat., DECEHBEB.
367
IS. At Mooltan, the ladj 'of Capt. C. On. Palmer, H.M-i lit European Bengal Fualliera, a dan.
lii. At Cambridge ■ terrace, Hjde- perk, the ladj of Col. Sir Henry Junes,
— AtChar1ee*tieet,Berkolej-eqitare, Ladj HoM«, i m.
23. At Poahnwnr, the Udj of Lieut- Col. W. T. Hughe, * dau.
— At Bcmnanti, Mario*, tfao ladj or Major Faunae! i, *4ih Bcgt_. a son.
23. Al Oxford, the lady of Ihe KeT. Frederick Metcalfe, a dau.
— At Corfu, (he ladjr of Dr. F. W. Innea, C.B., a ton.
— At Chesterfield Hooae, the Coun- teaa of Irarhatn, a ion.
— At Great Stan hope -rlreet, tha IMcheaa of Manchester, a ton.
— At Groarenor-etreet, the Ladj Frederick FitiKoj, a ton.
21. At Wollaloa Sector?, Not la, the Hon. Mr*. Charles J. Willonghhr, a
— At Kingatown. Ireland, the lad; of Commander Young. V.C.K.N., a aon.
— At t'mliallah, the widow of Capt. Benjamin Wild, a ion.
25. The Udj of IJcnL-Col. B. L. 8ha«e, a aon.
— At llmmore. Ladj Halee, a aon. 20. At Katun place, the ladj of John
— At (.ape Town, Cape of Onod the la, Hope, the Udj of John B. Currej, eeq., a dan.
K.N., a daa.
— At St. Andrews, SB,, the lady of Sir Charica M Ochterlonj, ban., a •on, •lill-lMirn.
— At Slrntton-atreet, Ladj Agne* 11 j I Ion Jollifle. a dan.
27. Al Dnaloo-aqoan, Ihe Udj of Capt. B. Anatrntber, Orenadier Quanta,
2«7 At Cool Hooae, N.B., the Hon. Mr*. (Ircvillc Vernon, a dau.
Jo. At Princes-gardens, the Vieeoon- tcaa Hawarden, a dan.
— The Ladj Isabella Schnatar, a
I. At Wilton atreet, BelsraTe-aquara, tha Hon. Hra, Boa-land Winn, a dan.
— At BelgTaTraquare, the Viscoun- tcea CaatleroaM, a aon and heir.
— At Allahabad, the 1 J. W. Wilkineon, esq., Boat, a dan.
1 At Bjweli HaU, Northumberland, the Ladj Margaret Beaumont, a aon and heir.
3. At Calcutta, the Udj of W. 8. 8. Karr, eaq., C.8., a aon.
— At Shangton Bectorj, Lekeeter- ahire, Mr*. Henry Vera Paeke, a ion.
4. In Hertford atreet, May-fair, tha Hon. lira. Arthur Egerton. a aon.
— At Ahmodimgger, Bombay, tha ladi of Col. Chaa. Cameron Shuta, In- niekllllng Dragoon*, a aon.
— At Gibraltar, the lad; of Cast, BnbL Catbcart Dnlrjmple Broce, Sth King. Regt., a dan.
6. At Moray-place, Edinburgh, Hra. Brown Dowrlaa, the Udj of the Lord ProToat of Ed inburgh. a dan.
— At rai. Eaat Indie*, the Udj of Capt. O. Bwiney, H.M.i Sth Bengal European Infantry, a dan.
0. At Upper Brook at rest, the Udj of Dndlej C. Maijoribanka, eaq., M.P,
7. At Edinburgh, the ConnUaa of Egiinton. a dan.
9. At Prince's gardeni, Prince'i-gata, the Udj of Col. Clark Kennedy, C.R,
10. At Cooper. Hill, the Udj of C W. O'llarra, M.P., a aon and heir.
— At Peckforton. the Udj of J, Toltemacbe. eaq., M.I'., a aon.
II. At lAwrrttroakitm-t.GroeTener-
aqnare, the Lady Bateman, a dan.
— At the Admiralty, Whitehall, tha Lady Hermlone Graham, a
IS. At Portland place, the Lady CeeilU Bingham, a aon and heir.
M. AtBhertwrae Caatle, Tetawottk, Oifordahire, the ConnUaa of Macdaa. field, a eon.
— At Dannj. the Udj of J. G. Bte*. cowe. eaq, M P., a esa.
— In rlt_ George e-eq., Belgrsria, Mia. Harconrt, a dan.
— At liadlej Honae. HadUy, MM- dleaai, tha Udj nf Low. d'Ejncwnrt,
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
MAUIAOBL
350
6. At Jet-sec. Hubert fiL John Shaw,
lv lienruina l.oui«,d»u. of Col. White-
foonl. lleinr. Art., and jrianddnu. of the lute Sir Julin Wtiilcfovnl.
H>. At Hanmcr Church, the Iter, (li-onrc Atk»rii;ht. to the lion. KJ in- Lit h Kenton, tim of Iioril Krnjon.
1). At Si. Marj'a in.lhe.Caatle. II* tinjn, (loorge [*iiiLrlck, cm.. Cap Knial Marine Light Infant;, kniffiil San rYruandn. tu Matilda Anne Kill Will, dau. of lien. M, nr.i.n. K II.. K.C. At TutiLti.ljro W,lk I'1il;i|> Hi. Iitvifl. c-o, . to U.,iM liuni. v. .I.u. of the lat-i S.iimicl I hare. oq.
12. At tin- Snlalcaacry Church. Chi- .hc-ler. the He v. i;oun.-c (.Won. II A.,
■lector Uf Wiild, Nvrttuni'toudiire. to
Prance* Hullun U>iig tiilbrrt. dau. of Uic Ui.hu]. -f Clm-licvter.
At Cbriat Church. Hiirlitinrr Hill, Thomas Sidney, cm,., of lloa-ca Manor, N>uthgale, MiddliMa. Alderman of Lutidon. to Eleanor Mar) Ward, dau. of W. Ward, e-u,.
— At Cheltenham. Lieut. Tliomu Tickell, l(..\..Pon of Ihc late Licul lien. Ti.kcll. CII. IU-ql; En«„ til Ullisa i:mi1v. .In. of iho Rev. J. T. C. tiauu- ■tern, of 11*1 L Villaa. Cheltenham.
Artl fliTi W'n
William W„r.li Hall. Yornehin- luU-lla. dau of Mlolchiiuu
fiiirht lion. William Yatca and 1-adr the laic John Bonfoy Hooper, eaq., of Jane IVcl. ilipton Hall, llontinplotuhire.
10. At til. 1'elar'e, Baton Kq.. Lance- lot Lleaellyn Haalope. cnq., of Chen- tcrbffi Hall, S tail urdah ire. to Era i It, dau. of Philip M clvill. eaq.. Ule Hwra- tary in the Military Department to the Kaat I ndia Com pane.
- - At tit- l'aul'a Cathedral, Calculi*, X. W. Klpbinalone, eaq , Deputy Com- . , . mlanioner in (he 1'unjanli, eon ol OnpL
il Marine Light Infant j . knijrlil of Klphirmtone, K.N.. of Uionla. DtTon- ahire. to (leonrina Henrietta KllioL dan. of the Ule Lieut. -lieu, the Bight Hon. Sir lieornr Arthur, hart.
24. At Colombo. l.leut.-Col. F. C. Maude. K.A., C.K noil Y.C.. eon of Cj|.t. the Hon. r. Maucie, UN, to 1'auline S. titcrlm*. dau. of the Hon. I'aul Sterling, Acting Chief Jutice, Cevloo.
25, At SL Uarta Church. Ihtmfrien, Dachl Daird, bod of J. J. Hop* John- atone, etq.. 11.1'., to Margaret Eliiabeib, dau. of Col. Orleraon. of Bardennoefa, and Eianddau. of Sir Robert linemen, of l-ag, bert-, and the I*dy Margaret
27. Al Madrid, in the Chapel Royal of Alorha their Majcaiie* ttic Queen and King of Spain Iwing IVIrinc* on the orcwion-btr the lllno. y Kilimo. St-nur 1 ton Juliau do 1'ando. Archhiahop, of Sir John Joaet.h (ronton, K.M., of Ward- house and Kildroniuiy. In the county of Al'erdecn, e*<|.. to the Senorita Dona Maria Tcrvm de A ri-tci-m. dau. of hi* HtcrllciicySehorDoniUfcldcArUICKBl,
•% innh.ro Christina
n-l.ir.-.
Christ chun-h. S'w Zealand. I.t iho KiiHil lie*, the Lord IM.hoji of ( hri.uhurcb. John Barton Amndel Aelalid. e>i| . N(B of Sir Th-ina. I'.ko Arland. hart., of Kill.rion. I* von. IO Kluili W..M.11 llaq^r ildml dau. of thelti-hopuf Chrulehurch.alao.Charlra IVrri Coi. e*i., km of the late CapL I'm. i.r the 1*4 Life tiuanla. and of Saadfonl I'ark, Oafurdebire, to Sarah Shephenl Harper, fifth dan. of the 111- •h-pi-f Cbrirlchurch.
- Al rploa Church. Torqnay, the Kit. Arthur Hugh Kofflicote, graarlana of Uh lata tiir Stafford Konaootayla
i -de MiMHll.
MS. At Fulhaiu. CapL llaail Charlea llootht-v. lo Kuiilv. dau. of Sir Juabaa Jclil.. K C.B.
;in. At Ilcekhv, Wanoa. near Aack- lai.d, Nc« Zealand. Kranei. lleary Hrownr. eaq , aon of the late Vrn. ArrbdcacoD Browne, to Catherine En- ■lora. dan. of Joabna Thorii, cm., of
IWlkliV.
31. Al rJandoBH, lale uf Wight, Capt. C. H. Hamilton. K..V. to Kliaaheth Ann. daa. of Ike Yea. Archdeacon Hill, Hector of Sbanklin, I.W., and of Tinge, wick, Baeka.
rni
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 861
MARRIAGES.
to Fanny Kin, dan. of C. BUnnton A. Wonley, «•$-. ton of Sir W. Won-
CabilLeeq., of Kensington, ley, ban., of Horiuham Hall, York-
— At ColeahilL Parka, Jamea P. shire, to Marianne Christiana Inbella,
Wilde, eaq., Q.C., to Lady alary Pley- dan. of Col. lb* Hon. Henry H. Hut-
dcll Uouverie, dau. of Um Karl or cbinaon, of Weeton, Northamptonshire.
I tat I nor. IS. At Blthopa Lydeard, Somereet-
21. At Marylebono Church. Jobn shire, Maj. Hercules Walker, of the
Wilaoo, aon of Ambrose Moore, eaq.. to Kille Brigade, to Julia Deeiron, dan. of
name, of Mount Kennedy, eo. Wick low. IT. At Dmrlieh, Col. John Graham,
— At ftL James's Church, Piccadilly, of Barnstaple, to Jane, dan. of Vice -
John Hardy Thnraby, eaq., late littth. Admiral Thomaa Ihek, of Ds-liah,
Lijihl Infantry, to Clara, dau. of the South Devon.
o Col. William*. RE., and niece to tbe Hon. Mr. Jurtiee Williams.
DU(h, U I'hillpotta. eaq.,
20. At Enniacoff., Charles Pole Stuart, eaq., of Langley Broom Hoaae, Ilucka, to Anne, dan, of Robert Smyth,
aon of the tiinht Kit. the Lord Biahop eaq., of Oaybrook, Weatmeeth.
to Ccorgiana Harriet, dan. of T. V. Lane, eaq . and arnndrlau. of Povnoll Uaatard, aecond Viacount Ex- mouth.
— At tbe Scotch National Church,
22. At Denton, John Rieharda Horn- ton of Jobn Homfray, eaq., a Cattle, Glamorganshire, to
eaq., Lieut and Adjl
lice Anne, dan. of the Iter. l)r. Cum-
— At Toronto, Canada West, C. W. Rue, M.D.. Hudtou't Bay Company's Service, to (.'■thrrinc Jane Alicia, dau. of Maj. <1. A. Tbompaon, H.P., BSth King'a Light inlaiili
■W. At Ibc Brand ., ..
Portland at reel. J. ItetxUwU. esq .Mei l«r i>f (he l.egi>lative Council of Natal, to Ziporab. dan. of the lata Aaron Jowl'h. no.
— At St. Bride'*, Temple. P. VT.
uf Lord and Lady WroUealcy.
ary Park Melton, dan. of Robert Nel- ton, cm., late judge of Malabar, H.K.I.C.&
ST. At the Cathedral, George Ton, Demerara, William Madan, eaq., CapL H.M.'a 4Mih Begt.. aon of the late Rev. r Madan, Canon Residentiary of Lichfield Cathedral, to (ieorgina Ma- rian, dan. of Jamea Craaby, e*q.
— At Stoko Damercl, Devon, Ha- milton Sabine 1'aaley, eaq., II M t Cape Mounted Hifl.es, fourth aon of Kear-Adm. Mir Thomaa 1'aaley, hart., to Catherine Anne. dan. of Lieut. -Col. tbe Hon. Richard Hare.
31. At tbe Britiab Legation, nt St. Petermburg. Sir John Piennea Cramp- MARCH. ion, bart-, K.C.B., Enroy Rxlraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary at the 1. A i St. Oeorge'a Church, Hanover Court of St. Petersburg, to Vietoire, Square. Cant V. V. Charicwood. R.N, dao.of M. W. Balfe, eaq., of Dublin, to Sarah Truacoii, niece of the lata Rear A dm. W. W. Henderson.
- At Colombo, Ceylon, Maj. An-
dre. (*. K. Lock, of the 6«>th (<Jo«n't AI KlL- Uwni Rcgt., to Catherine Ann. dau. of
Col. U>ard, Ceylon Rifle Reft S. At ML John'. Church, Clifton. Vil-
8. At Trinity Church, St. Mnryle- liam Charlea Macreadv. eaq, of Shar-
hone, Robert George Tnffnell, eaq, home Hoaae, Sherborne, Dorset, to Ceeile
Cram HX, to Jtwie Isabel, dan. of Unite Frederics, dan. of the Late Henry
the Lie Sir Wm. Curtts, bart. Spencer, eaq.
h. Tbe Maiquie of Anglesey, to 10. At whitehurch, Glamorgan, tbe
Ellen Jane, dau. of George Bornand, Rev J. T. Cyril Btteey, to Mary, nV~
«t of ihelateT. W. BoaJ "'
13 At St. George a, Hanover Susan, Velindta, eaq, M.P.
APPENDIX TO
363
of the late Willi*: Ourdun. ctt\ Abcrdcvnsbi
Jl. At llorejr Tracer, Devon, George F, Carlvon Simmons, esq., of Trcrelia Home, Cornwall, to rlliisbelh Carolina Kliotl Manning, dm. of the lata Major Manning, and only child of Lady tar-
— George deu Poor Beresford, son of the Bishop of Kllmora, to Mary Anna- Mia. dan. of the Hoc William Vernon llarconrt
— At Mansfield Wood boose, L T. llsincs, cm , sou of the late Right Hon. M. T. Haines, to Ellen Mary, dau. of the Iter. J. J. Werge, of ManaBald
Wood 1)0 UK.
■J-l. At BriJekirk, Cumberland, Wil- liftiii Munrriff, esq., son of the late Sir Junes Well wood Monrrief, ban., of Tullibole Castle, Kinross-shin, to Susan UalUnline, dau. of Iho talc J. UjIm lUllantine Ilvkea, of Dorenbj U»IL Cumberland.
— At Cheltenham, Frederick Augu*- I us Wir1iain«uu.caq..*0Dof tnelateJone- Ihan William-oil. M, of Lakelands, eo. Dublin, to alaha iKirotbca, dau. of Lieut. Col Dsrenport. of llramel Hall, Cheshire, aud granddan. of the late .Sir Salisbury Daren port.
27. At Kensington, William Uovd Mushct. r*n . to Agnes, dau. of lite Late, Jjuiirn (iibsun. hi., of Heaib.fii.-ld Hall. Stafford* hire, and great granddan. of
Us. Ai St. Georjre's. Ilanorar sq.. the Hun. Fleetwood John I'cllaw, ion of tin- Koond Viscount Kxtniiuih. to Emily Ssrah. dau. of llie late Tliotua* Fcrgu- p.m. esq., of Greenville, eo. Down, In- land, and Kyde, l.le of Wight.
MAY.
I At the Cathedral C'bnrrb. Lich- field, the Iter Peter Relator King Sailer, of Gorlcslon, Suffolk, to Julia Maria, dau. of the Hon. and rev. Hear* Edward Ju|,n How.nl. iJeaa of Lieh- field.
- - AiFmukfort on the-Msin.Chariesi Victor, aon of P. W. Itenrcke, eaq . of I i-ii.u.rk hill. Surret. to Marie, dau. of Uie tale Ih> Felix Mendelssohn Ber- thuldy, of LeirMr.
— At A<dibaraham. Sua***. Unt- Col A. Te.W Lit.. Ben*-- Kng. to
CHRONICLE.
lOKS.
Lydia Greene, dan. of the Be*. 1. it-
Mann, Vicar of Aahburnhsin.
8. At the Cboich of Marylebone, Haj.-Gen. Ball, to Charlotte, dan. cf the late William Wallia Mason, eaq., of
— At Mortlaka Boman Catholic Cbun-b.thr Kigblllon. J.L). Fitigerald, Judge of Her Majesty ■ Court of (Jucen'a Bench in Ireland, to His* Jane South- well, sister of Viscount Southwell.
8. At St George'*, Hanorer-aqnan, Horace, son of Maj.-Uun. Broke, to Charlotte, dau, of Brampton li union, est)., M.I'., of Letton, Norfolk.
— At Marjlebone, Cap). Wallace Houeloun, of Clerkinglon, to Carolina Frederic*, dan. of Lieut.- Gen. Montelth, ILLS.
10. At Christ Church, Luton Tale, Kent, Kdraund A. O rattan, esq., 11 B.M. Consul at Antwerp, to Mary Cawthome, dan. of the late J. Hunter, esq, of Ormclej Lodge, Hani, Surrey, and granddan. of the late Sir Jonah Bar- rington.
— At DoTer.l Maj. Cbarlei Marshall Foster, 32nd LI., to Sophia August*, dau. of John Kainsbottom, eaq.
12. At St. Georges. Hanover-square, Col. J. H. Lefror. K.A., to Charlotte Anna, widow of Col. Amine Mountain, Adj.-Gen. to H.M.'s Foreea in India.
IS. At St. lieorjre's, I Isnovcr- square, Capt. Ocorge I'ilkington Blake, to Adeline, dan. of James King King, esq.. Ml'., of etuunton 1'ark, Here- fordshire.
— At St- George's Hanorer-aqtiare, CapL IX-ardt'ti. lale of the Hollina. York- shire, to Henrietta Maria, dau. or Mai. Edwards, M.P.. Pyoeal, of York-hire.
— At .St. James., Paddington, Na- thaniel Tenia* l«wrenee, esq, of New- square. Lincoln's Inn, to Laura, dan. of James Bacon, eaq., Q.C., of Kensing- ton -garden, terrace.
10. At Bedhampton. Richard Ed- ward Cumberland, esq- aon of Cant. Eichard Cumberland, late Scots Fusilier Guard*, to A roes, dan. of Philip Grif- fith, esq . of llnrant. Hants.
— Ali*l. James's Church. Piccadilly, Sir Charles William Atholl '►akler, tart., to Ellen, only child of John Mea- aon Parsons. « ' ' ' " ' Crantirook. and I
17. Atl^ora.eecareUeurtelherrlea of the Raws* Urea* Church, and at the British Coaunlaae, Lieutenant t. Be-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 865
MARRIAGES.
C" er Edward Dtunplor, eaq., Cutler- nab Emily, dan. of H. C. Waddlngton,
ry, New Zetland. Mq. of Cnvenhamha!], Suffolk.
It At All Stint*1 Chnreh, Knight*- 11. At Wyke Regie, Doraetahlm,
bridge, the Hon. Junes Fiu waiter But- Horatio Beaumont Voting. CnpL R.N.,
ler, ho of the Hlght Hon. Lord Don- eon of the late Sir Samuel Young, bare,
borne, to Marion, dan. of Col. Morgan to Elizabeth, dan. of 8. Pretor, eeq., of
Clifford, M.P.. of Qoeene gale. Hyde- Wyke-hooee, Doreet-
park, end LUatllio Croaaenney, lion- -~ At St. Peter1* Church, Pimlieo,
mootbehlre. Col. MacDoogall, Commandant Staff
13. At St. George'*. Ilanover-anaare, College, Sandhnrat, to Adelaide, dan. of
Richard Benron Be rent eaq.. of Ke- the late J. P. Mile*, eeq.. of Leigh
ringtoa. Id the co. of Kent, to finny Court. Somenetahire, and King1! Wen-
Georgloa. dau. of Alexander Atberton ton, Qlooccaterahlre.
Park, eeq , of Wimpoleetrcct — At St. John'i, Hackney. Charle*
— At Aberdeen, t'harlei Murray Edward Kingxtoue Boiler, of Onulov- Beratow, esq., (o Elinheth Carr, dan. equate, eon of I'harlee Salubury Bailor, of the late Air Alexander Bunny, eeq., M.P., to Mary Ann, dan. of the hart . of Italmain. late William Rradebaw, eaq., of Upper
11. At Si. John'*. Hyde-park, the Homerton, Middleaex.
Baron Tun Harnekow. io Anna, eiater of — At SL Stephen'*, Paddington,
the Itiitht Hon. Mir John Young, hart., John Anguine, eon of Lieut. -Col. and
of Uai tii' borough ('wile. co. Caran. the late Lady Ellen Pane, of Womulcy,
— .U St. Stephen'* near Canterbury, Oifordabire, to Eleanor, dan. of the late John Win. Zorapore Wright, late l.ienL Thotnae Tbornhlll, eeq., of Woodleja, 2nd Dragoon Guarda. aon of Maj.-Gen. in Ihe earn* county.
Wright. C H. to Mary Ann, daa. of the 25. At St. Pelere, Pimlieo, Col. Fre-
ttev John White. derick William Hamillon, C.B.. of the
— At SL Peter? Choreh. Pimlieo, Gren. Guarda, to Louie*, dan. of the Itirhard Henry Magenta. **q., Brevet- late Sir Alexander Anitnither, of Third- Mqi and ''apt. S2nd l.iirht Infantry, to part, Pife.
La.lv Iaxiikb Ann l«wrT-Corry, da'n. of 24. At Exeter. Arch. Ed ward r* Cam p-
thelatc Earl of Belmore. bell. eaq. H.M.aSlet Regt. 11. LI. aon
— At Scarboruogh. Richard Wellea- of Major Uen. John Campbell, of Wood- lev Barlow, eeq . Medraa Cir. Sere., aide. I'lvmouth. to Lnrr. dau. of the er.n<U.n of Ihe late Sir George Hilary late t'apt. Henry Cardew. H.E., of Mount Harlow, hart.. Governor of Madras, to Bedford, Exeter.
Annie Catherine, dau of the Iter. Ih-. — Al Walcot Chnreh. Rath, the Ree. Whiteaide. Vicar of Scarborough, and Horace Mann Itlakialon. Vicar of Ben- nies of the Right Hun. J- Whiteaide, hall. Suffolk, aon of Sir Matthew Bla- M P. kiit™. bart.. Io Charlotte, dan. of the
lil. Al St. George*. Hanover aqu.re. Rev. W, II (J. Mann.
Tbnmaa p Srrimnurc Fotbringham. — At St. Paula KnithUbridga,
eeq, of Foihringhnm and Po-rie. in Charles H. Wynne, CapL ll.M.'a With
thr county of Purfar. to Ihe 1-vlv Char- Light Inf., Io Emilv Prance* Graham,
tulle, dau. of ihe lit* Sir Jamee I'ar- dan. of Sir Robert Gore Booth, bart.
ncgir, l«rt. and abler of the Earl of MP., of LlaandeH. Sllgo.
Soulhepk. — At King* College. Aberdeen,
1U. At Woolley. t'apt. Wiihinirton. Robert Smith, eaq.. M .[>. .' Scdcefield,
Tlh Dragoon Guard* ton of the late Durham, ion of Ihe Rev. Ilnliert Smith,
Kllainc* Wiihington. req..;of D.D.. Senior Minuter of old Mat-bar, to Jan* Maoliarmid. dan. of the Very Rev. p. C. Campbell. ■>.!>.. Principal of the l.'ni retail y and King'* College, Aberdeen.
— At St Georre'i Hanover *q . Cap*. Daniel Peploe Webb, of the 4th Drag.
Sjiarkca, eaq., of Sutumcrberrv, Guild*- Guarda, la Elixa Theophila Metcalfe,
foH. dan, of the lata Sir Theophila* Motaalm,
a). At Caveraham, Thoe. Daviaon ban.
Bland, eaq , of Kippax park, to Baaaa- 30. Al the Britiah Cotualale, Teate-
|
I'nlrl |
,cth II |
all.Warr |
ingtun. to rathe |
|
|
Harr |
, dan. |
oft |
iodfr |
tv Wcnlwurtli, . |
|
of W, |
wlley |
a'r Wakefield. |
||
|
At i |
he |
fhorvh. Peeab |
||
|
Kent |
, Sir J |
uhn Cbarlre Kenward SI |
||
|
ban |
to M. |
. nap |
of the late H. |
|NUAL REGISTER, 18C0.
MARRIAGES.
■if the late Sir .la inns
Mr. Serjeant Bompna, to Mary Ann Scott Buvkland, dau. of the late Terr Rev. William Bucklami, D.D., Dean of
|
'a, IIunovcr-Bq.. Pol. |
11. At St. MiohMh Church, Chester* |
|
.](.. Into B2nd Rent., |
eq., the Hon. Ri'vnolds Mo reton, brother |
|
]f Evnn Hamilton |
to the Earl of Duck, to Charlotte Con- |
|
11, of the lale Mujor- |
stance, dat). of the late Sir John Duulop, |
|
ouirlaa, K.C.B. |
|
|
— At Paris, at the Chnrch of St. |
|
|
Auirustin, M. Paul do Moeomble, Jnjfe |
|
|
an Tribunal de i'remierc Instance at |
|
|
*y. |
fiouon, to Mary Wallace Ogle, relict of |
|
1 ; ■_■ : l r Adni. I'ourteiuiv Doyle. |
|
|
!*«, Hanovtr- pejus re. |
12. At Thevdon Oeruon, W. B. |
|
I'ersse, esq., Adj. Royal Wiltahiro Mili- |
|
|
>l. mid Lady Marin |
tia, son of the late Col. Peruse, C.B., to |
|
trenst.. London, arid |
Anno Jane, dan. of John C. Whileman, |
|
Hampshire. |
esq., of Thcydon tirove, Eawz. |
|
, Kent, John L*n- |
— At Leamington Prions, Edward, |
|
*r of the Court of |
ton of the late Adm. Sir Robert Waller |
|
Man-, dan. of the |
Otway, bart., G.C.B., and late Cant. Scott Ftwilirw dmrda, to Adelaide, |
|
liar Willhins. |
|
|
i. Chapman Ale*. |
dam. of Hubert fTunJ Straffiebl. esq.. |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 367
MARRIAGES.
to. Kathleen Mary, dan. of Ma Excellency Orenadler (lnanli, and grandson of the
Win. Stevenson, eaq., C.B.. UnVcnior late Sir John Barrow, bart, to Beatrice,
and Cunimander-tn chief of Mauritius, dm. of the Her Henry StelAiiw. D.D.,
— At Sl Peter a. Pimlico. Edward Rector of 8t Mary'i, I'pper Thamea
Clu|'m»Q, Hon of CI* J ton Clayton, eaq.. Street.
of Bradford Abbaa. DorwM, to Charlotte 3S. At. SL Jiineaa, Dover, William
Diana. dau.of tbe laic Thomaa Tyrwhitt Jamea Smith-Seill, esq., K. Art, of
Drake, eaq., of Sbardcloe*. Ameraham.' Harntreill, and Swindridge.Mnir, Ayr-
Ill. At (ionnanaKin Ca»tle. Jubn Ai Ibur Vw.mil eaq.. of Movnoltv, re Mealh. tu Lucre tin. dau. or the RiL-ht Ifoo. Viscount tiuraanston.
— At WciioLunpr Abbcv. J.ihn (lil- l*rt Tnlln.l. esq., son uf tbc late linn. J..hn Chelw- the Karl of i
■hire, son of tbe late Brig. -Oca. Belli, CD., H.B.I.CS. , to Jessie Gideon, dan. of Ueorm L Wood, eaq.
— At. Si. J am (m'i. Croydon, St. George
Tucker, eaq., Beu. fir. Her., to France*
Margaret, dau. or Maj. Qcn. Sir Prede-
Talbot, and nephew of rick Abbott, fit., 1, lent Governor of
' Taltiot, to the Military College, Adiliecoiube.
iln' Hon. Muriel .Sao.ii Lr Helton, diau. — At tbe Congregational Church,
of lx.i.1 Lyltclton. Ilulloaay. Rear ■ A if m. Michael Quiu,
At the Church of the Bavarian to Klinheth, dan. of the Re*. Alei-
KiuIixmit. Wnmlck-it . Waller Oeorjre. modcr Mewart, of Palmer Houac, IIoI-
Nntent. late ln»l of the SSrd (Wei '
KililaiT. — At Aghada, near Clorne, tbc Rev.
— At St. Marr's. Brraneton-aq . Horn T. Palling Little, to Anne Eat fa er Maria,
Uwia Hsiiflc. V.C. of the India Civil dan. of the late Lieut. -Ilea. Sir Joseph
fervira, to llcnriella Anne, dau. of Thaekwell, fl.C.B.
)amn> Mora Molinvui. esq., of Losclcy 31. At Totiingion, Norfolk, the Rer.
Park. Surrey. J. E. Truughtcn. to Isabella Henrietta,
- At KtiarealurooEh. 1'aut, IxhIIc, dan. of Col. <*. Shaw, R.A., and grand-
Ituysl Hone lluanls. to Kwiua [.ouian dau. oflba late tleu. A. Shaw, Governor
, dan. of tbe lute Charlea of tbe lale of Man.
Sline-hy. e*).. of l^>ftii. Ilil
la Sir < harles Slirurahy, bart., Bcriicu
Park. Knarct)iuniiii:b.
- At Itockbear.-. Devon. Col. Ilvdrc. C.H.. latr niiniuandin;; tbc tih Royal In-li l>rsi.-i»>li liuards. to Lucy Anne, dau. of Ihc laic Jinir. Ki villi,' toe. esq-, ol iirooubead Hall. Yorkshire.
91. At Sl. licnre*. Ilanoveraq.. Michael lil™»r Hcatneoto. of H.M.'a !!ilnl Keel., to Man.l. .tan. of Jauea lane. cm)., of tlrccnfonl. Middle,
At S.
. llin
over Square, Henry |,y . .
pleiuii Hall. Cboliire. to Vatt.ia.dau of
Colonel Wilson Pallet!. MP.
— At St Paula, Knlghlal. ride-, Henry llinehaiu Mildniay, lo ticor- guuu Prance* llultccl.
— At Sl. tinVk'c*. Hanover Square, l.y Ihc lies. J. ti. V..IIHK. Unox Pren- denrut. i'bi.I Scols lircvn, to Marion, dau of tbc late Scill Malcolm, m., uf PuHalloch. AreilLbirc
— At St. Jain.-.'.. Piccadillv, (he Iter Hubert llrailhaaiu Uatty," M.A., aon uf tbe laic Lieut. Col. Batlv. of the
Short Hal Tower. Lord Ikclca, to Catherine Anne, dan. of Win. llent I'.'in, e*i, of rtbonnai To»er, Korth-
- At Hollreot. Laajwade, Dr. David Dea*. C.B, ttc . ln>]>ector.(lcn. of Hoa- pilala and Flee la, to Margaret, dau. of the late William Hepburn, eaq.
ACGC3T.
1. At MadiM. R. Rcpinal.l rteott, e»q.. to JuMa. dan. of the late MaJ. Locke, of Madraa.
2. At St. Jamea'., Piccadilly, r.eorge, aon of tbe late Sir ThomM Marrable, to Thereaa Maria, dau. of Jamea Niehola, e»| ,of Sarille How. Burtln^ton tianlena.
— . At York, John Charlea, aon of Sir Jul Radcline. bart , of Milner Bridjce llouae. and Rnddin> Hall, Yorkabim, to Clcumtina Maria, dan. of tbe late Antnonv 11 Wrijrht Biddnlph. eaq., of Burton Park, Suaan, and Norton lialL Norfolk.
APPENDIX TO
. Pu«t. h.:
Knroy Extraordinary ua Minuter Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen, to tin Couuicm Huhanthal, Maid of llwwi to ll.B.ll. lb* Prince** Frederic Wil- liam «f Pniiuua,
31. At Victor!*, br the Lord Biahop of Columbia and Vancouver I aland.
Taeberton, Suffolk,
dau. of D»Tid Cameron, e»j.. Chief
Jualice of V incomer laland.
— A I St. (ieorgc a, Ilauurer aquare, John Richard Wcatgarth Ilild van), wj., of Horaley, Durham, and or 11 tit ton Hon.ille Hall, Yorkahire. to Mary Blanche, dau of Sir Dlguy Seare, but., 'of Dagnam park. In the county of Bam.
Tl. At Kaw Park Street Chapel, tba Kar. Janice Archer Hpurjreon. Minlaler of Portland Chapel. Southampton, to Emily Georgiaua, daa. of Oen. Sir John ¥. Hurgorne. hart.
S3 At Baraeatoa. Tork, the Re*. Peonymatt Warton Wonky, rector of Liltte Ponton, and canon reaidcutiary in Kipon Cathedral, In Caroline Su- aanna, dau of Ike lata W. K 1,. Her-
ipanUoa. of Camp Hill, and Hinluh laU.
— - At St. George*. Hanover Square, Otorue I>ougi*a Pennant, caq-. eldeat aon uf Col. the Hun. K Duugla* and 1 July IdUia* Penuanl, to Pamela, dau. of Sir I'huriea and Lady lliuhoul. and n c.-e of Ijord and l<adv Foley.
Zi. Al HI, Jemra*. I'iccadilly. Chaa. ft Tmling. f*j., of Aabvell, Hcrta. and Howell, Suffolk, aon of the late Adm. Tinliug. to Kliaa. dau of (ien. Connolly. Royal M*rinee Light Infantry.
— Al St. Manic We Church. th« Rer Richard Hughe*, aoo of the Vrn. Archdeacon Hughe*, to Atfnr* Matilda, dau of the late Richard Herman, esq., or SI. John* Wood
— Al St, l'eler'a Church, Pimllco, Lieut Vol Chnrica Baring. Coldatrennt Guard* to Helen, dan. of the Ri Hon. hir Jinn Graham, bart.. MP.
At the Britiah Embaaay. Pari*, ami afterward* at tba Church Notre Panic dea Victuiroa, tbe Baron Victor d'lluart. of Longwr, Moaelle. to laa- hella Prcderira. dau. of tbe late Col. Wm Granrille Blot, K. II. Art. of Yaiebn.uk. Kuaecx.
«. At Geneva. Aleiander Pater Preroat. eaq., to Augneta, dan. of Pro- Vwl. CIL
CHRONICLE. 30fl
lQB,
famor da In aUra, Swim Knroy Ultra- ordinary at tba Conrt of St June**.
28. At Trinity Church, Martlebooe, Herbert, aon of the late Lord Jamaa Stuart, to Fanny Adelaide, dan. of John Labouchero, eaq. of Browne Hall.
Snrrcj.
28. At Weal Aahtoo. Charlaa William Forbes, of Moniaek Caatk, Inrerae*.- nhiro, to Jan* Agnea, dan. of Walter 1-oag, eaq., MP., of Rood Aahlon, WilU
- At Pittochrie. N B,. W. F. Kemp, H.A.. of the Inner Temple, to Julia Lane Grace, dan. of ihe laic Sir Daniel Kcvie Saudford, D.C.L.. Oiou.
29. At A abridge, Lieut. Col. tbe Hon. Peregrin* Coal, uncle of tba Earl Browalow, to France*, widow of An- guatua Frederick, lata Earl of Albc-
30. At St. George* Church, Han
Square. Mai. w/aXMicdonaJd. H.N. »rd Highlander*.
of
Colin Lindaay, Eaq.. and grand -daa of the late Hon. Robert Lindaay, of Bal- oarrea. Fifeahiro,
— At Cbaddlewortb. Bertram Wode- bon*e Corrle, eaq., to Caroline Louiea, dau. of tba lata Sir Wm. Lawrence Young, bart.
•— At the pariah church, Leaming- ton, tba Rer. John Edward*. M.A.. Ticnr of Prealhury. Glourealerahire, to Louiw Eliiibclh Margaret, dau, of tba late Sir Jauea Robertson Brace, hart., of Downhill, co. Londonderry. Ireland.
— At t'ffculme. ('apt, Wm. Army- tage. ILS., aon of the late John Army- tage. eaq.. to Jane Sarah, dan. of Lord Bridport, and widow of the late Capt. Sir Chaa. Holbein, K.N., K.C.B.
SEPTEMBER.
1. A I Hi George*. Hanorereqnara, by Hia Grace the Arcbblabop of Can- terbury, George Frederic, aon of the Bar. 8. O. Cromplon. aaq.. of Carl loo. In the co, of York, to Mania Henrietta Mary. dan. of Chaa. Dongla* llalford, aaq., of Groarenor Bquarn, and of Went Lodge, Suffolk.
>. At BaUoa-oa-lheForeat, Henry Cradock, eaq.. of Richmond, aon of the 1*1* Cot Cradock, of Hartford, U Georgian*, dan. of lb* late Bar. SUnga. by ItancnnuN Bbaflo, of Boekworth, U B
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 871 nullum.
the R«t. Frederick Vincent, Prebendary Boa. Cir. Star., am of the Bat. J. H.
of Chlcbcatsr. Harrieon, of Barbnwke, HorUuwptoa.
IS. At the Briiuh Embeaar, ParU, ehfre. to Fenny MaUkU, dan. of the Ula
C-.pL JO. Prior, H.M.e Mrd M.M.I, Oilbert Abbot a'BwdkeU, Metropolitan
to Mary Uehetabel Parlhenopo, du. Police Magtatrate.
irf John Gardiner, eeq, Ule Capt- eib 1& At WiUyhnn^HumM.Str Alexnn-
I>rag. Gaarda. dor Bannenaan, bart, of Crimonnw
— At Hccuadcrabed, Deccan. Chan. g»te, county of Aberdeen, to the Lady W .mouth, Cunt ITU Laneen, I* Arabella Diana Baekvillo Wart. dan. of Annie France*, dan. of MaJ.-Qon- Car- the Earl and Connleaa DeUwarr. pcnler, Madrae Arm/. — At Milton. John Low, can, 1Mb
— At Mama, Chan. Edward Herbert, Beat* to CsihcriM Loulaa,uan. of Cast, e*i , of tbe Middle Temple, Barriater- Hallo wee. H.M.. of Millon-hooM, near ■I law. Firat Flnral of Brltlah Guana, rorUmonlh.
to Eliubelh, dan. of Cot liife-by, IIJl.'i — William Frederick Stewart, wo,,
Bengal Engineera. Captm H.M.aBona^InngulnrCnTBlry,
18. At St. George a, H.norer aqnare, to Cornelia Jane, dan. of Lee P. Towna-
CapL Lord Boalace Oaneovna Cecil, band, eaq-, of WlachanvhalL
Coldatream Gaarda. eon of the MurqnU — At Secaaderaaad, Alber .
of Salutary, U> Lad; Gertrude Ula eaq, Lleat of the Bonl BefL, ta
efcott,daa. of the Ule, and akter of the Elinabeth, dan. ofC.pt- Kott, BJf,
preaenl, Karl of Kldon. Bcacb-nonae, Deal
— At fTrant Vale Church, near 17. At Kawerm EWn, Cejlon, Aleua- Stoko upon-Trent StaJbrdnhlro, Thoa. dar Young Adante, eaq.. Ceylon Civil Chappotl Brown Weathead.* UlghBntd Serrke, to JalU Onofra Lewi, dan. of Honte, Baiiartoca. MB of J. P. Brown, the Ula Sir Henry George Ward. Weelncnd, eaq, MP., of Lea Ctalle, — At Nargart, Capt. Kdward Eeale, Wurcealenhire, to Marian, dan. of Geo. B.A., to Florence, dan. of Gen. and the II. Founlrinler. ami, of The Villa*. Hl lion. Lady Charlotte Bacon. Stoke upon Trent, — At Yaldlag. Kent, Thonu* Jen-
1W. At l>enion. George Troj-le Bnl- nlnjre White, oeq, of the Inner Temple.
lock, eaq, aon of George Bullock, eaq., to Jane, eldcat dan. of F B. Elry, eeq,
of North Coker Hook, ttomertahlre, to Bowblll, Yalding.
Alice, dan. of Sir Glrnna Earle Welbr, — At St. Pelonbnrg. Maximilian
hart., of Iteaton Hal], Lineolnahlre. Heine, Connclllor to Hia Imperial Mn-
— At Cattle Townarad Church, iho jeatj. to Henrietta, widow of Nteholaa lte». William laon C'barnow, eon of Pyo Arrndi, I'riry Councillor and Phjaicbui llcurr CnA-anM. eaq, of Prior; Home, fa Ordinary to Iho late Emperor of Itinningbam, to Anna leeorgUna, dan. Buaaia. — ■ * ' -■ of ibe Ule Yico-Adm. Kir Joaiah Cog- Chillinj hill Cogbill. hart., of Belvedere, Dublin, ahirc
— AtEdmoadaham, Wm.Inglia.eaq, —At Haddington. John William LiewL-CoL s;ih Real., aoa of the lata Mellor, of the Inner Temple, Barren" or- l.icuL41en..SirWm.lnglU,K.C.a. Col. at-Uw, to Caroline, daa. of Charlaa of the S7lh Begl. to Mary, dan. of the Paget,eoq,M.P,of R Ule Hector B. Monro, eaq, of Ed- Kotia. noadeham, Donet, and Ewell-eaaUa, SB. At All Soak' Church, RL Mary. Surrey. leboM, by the Very Bar. law Dean of
'1«. At Twickenham, Henry Fane Bipon, uncle of the brlda^gTooan, thn
Traren, eaq, aon of tbe Uu Uen. Sir Bex. WolUaiee Goods. Hector of 84.
Bubert Trarera. K.C.B.. to Jane Locr, Gilea, Colcbeatcr. ton of Henry Oooda.
dau oftheRcv.JuhnHamphrcyDaTiaa, —a., of Hyde, I ale of Wight. Barriatar-
of Si on 11mm, Twickenham, and grand- allaw, w Amelia Agneee, dan. of Sir
dau. of the Utc Hir Anthony Hart, Lord Cbarka Manna, of FoeJJa, hut., Foalh>
Chancellor or IrcUnd.
At Brialinitton, near Briatol. Chaa. Owen Lord. eaq. llih Kagt. BomUy
HA., to Elimbath, dan. of Capt. Eyre OCTOBER. Cooie l*)rU.
34 AttheChnrchof the Holy Trinity. 1 At Beiaamplm Chareh, ~ 1 1 I
BrMBpton, Henry Lalnnd Uarriaon, eaq., Doric, kna, BJL, In Arabella, daa. of BBI
|
UAL REGISTER, I860. MABRIAQES. ■oseott, esq., of Torquay. Charles Edward Phillpott*, , Surrey. son of Henry, Lord Bishop of Exeter, Hon. Humphrey to Jaue, d*u. of the late Rev. George to Caroline, dan. Hole, pre lie Hilary of Rxetcr. bus, hart. B. At Kins'* Stmiley, filoiieoBler- arcb, Notting-hill, shire, the lli-i. VaiiL;lmi Simpson Fox, ridge Gordon, to M.A., of Balliol Ci.iler^e. I'afurd, and of of the late Verv StanlevSi Leon aril',,, io Emily Frances, d, D.D., Bean of dire, of the Rev. Samuel Lloyd, M.A., of Stanley hall. Isle of Thanct, lu. Ai tilt Cathedral. Wrexham, Wil- r, esq., to Fanny, liamCarcw ILnlitt.of ilie 1 inter Temple, r, esq , Secondary, to Henrietta, dan. of .hilm l-'oulkea, cs(|., of A«hfield-hall, near Wrexham. Surrey, Cflpt. F. 11. At KikwbIcv. the Hon. Col. T«l- e 11th Resit., to dot, lirother to tli-i Karl of Shrewsbury, of the late Charles to Lady Emma Stanley, dan. of the Earl [field, Worthing, of Derby. — At St. Lukes Church. Chcleea, the Lady Mary Richard Pcndrill Wiuidiuirtoo, esq., the Hon. Percy K. Art.. France, to Louisa, dau. of the Rev. Charles IVplmu Milus. M.A., Prin- rLeedBVTJn)nin^cu^aUfJJieN|!dtat^^ |
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
MABJUAQBS.
373
Juitfce MeDougall, of Bath, to Mary, Royal Iriah Regt, to Mary Booanna,
Grelr, dan. of Mi' " ' '■■<-■- ■ '- — -■
14th RegL HJf.l.
is. At Knareebro', the Rev. John Ro- binwn, M.A., or Settle, to Catherine, dau. of Capt- HarriMn, of Arilngton- houaa, near Knareebro'.
20. At Inchmarlo, Kincardineshire, Fmncia Boyd Outrun, esq., of the Bengal Civil Service, only aon of Lieut.- <ltn. Sir Jamea On train, bait., G.C.B., to Jane Anne, dan. of Patrick David- •on, eaq, of Inchmarlo.
23. At the British L'ooiulate, (Intend, H. V. Pcuuebther lisle CaM. tlit kegl.), to Margarctla, dau. of sir John de la Pole, bart.
— At the llriliah Embassy, Turin. ('apt. Richard Sea-abam Pedder, 10th Hunan, to Mary Elisabeth, dan. of Mr r Feildeu, hart., Feuhv
Capt. Frederick Fortcucue, aon of the late llethew Porteacue, eaq., of Sle- phen'a-tov/n, eo. Louth, to Marion, dan. of Gen. Gamin.
fl. At Bnnla, Capt. Walter Jaa. Pol- lard, B.N., to Jane, dan. of Franda Nathaniel Keane, eaq., J. P., of Her- mitage, co. Clara.
— At Newark-upon-Trent, the Rev. T. Falkner. Minor Canon of York Cathedral, to Marianne Harriet, dan. of Hugh Morton, M.D., and niece of Gen. Herbert.
— At Crowcombe, Somerset, Coven- try Warrington Carew, eaq., of The Cottage, Crowcombe, to Boactta Anna, dau. of William Hotham. eaq., of Upton, Bucks, and granddan. of the late Adju- st- Luke*, Halifax, Nov* Sir William Hotbam.
"• ' ' * — At St George'*. Hanover Square,
Capt. Frederick Gibbous, B.E.. Mid- dlcaci Militia, grandson of the lata, and brother to the present, Sir John Gibbona, bart., to Heater, dau, of Jamea Colquhoun Kemp. esq.
8. At Lewln's Mead Chapel. Briatol, Sir John Boa-ring. LL.D.. F.R.8., lata H.M.i Plenipotentiary in China, to Deborah, dan. of the late Thamaa Caatle, eaq., of Clifton.
». At King's Stanley, Gloucestershire, the Be*. Vaughn Simpson Foi. M.A., of Balliol College. Milord, and of Stanley ft Ijconard't, to Emily Prancea, dau. of the Kcv. Samuel Lloyd. MA,
Sir Chsrlee T. Jones, of Fronfralth, Montgomeryahire. to Mary, dau. of Col. W. J. Myers.
37. At St. Marylebone. Middleaei, Sir Win. Boyd, to Elisabeth Hannah, widow of the late Tbomaa George War- rington Carer, esq, of Crowcombw- coart, Somerset.
30. At N'twii-k.tha Hun. Cha*. Corn- well is, aon of Viarount Chetnvnd. to Kiuilv Hannah, dau. of W. H. Blaau*. e«q.. uf Beectilanda. Suaatx.
— At l-cauiingion. the Rev. John " ' inla, 11. A., Vicar of Prcslbury,
lut-eatenbire, to Iioulaa Elizabeth of Stanley Hall, and granddan. of the
1. At Ootaramund, Eaat Indie*. II. J. Lece. eaq.. Unto Itiflea, eon of Sir J. Leea, Hart., to Charlotte, dau. of the
i. Llo.d, KH .. F.Kj*., to Mary Elisabeth, dau. of John J. Nsvins, cm)., of Cleve Dsle. Gloucealerahlre.
— At St. George 'a, Hanover Square, the Very Kcv. William Goode, D.U., Dean or Uipon. to Kslberiaa Isabella, dau of the late Hon. William Cast.
At Sl lleorge'e, Hanover -so aura,
Col J. Thornton Grant, C.B.,
'rfTKu
Lsa-KM. bart., of Brayton. Cumberland, to Mary. dau. of J. Pocklington Sen- house, eaq., of Kctbcrhall.
— At Tunbridge Well*. Sir John Henry Pell*, ban., of Warnham- court, Baaarx. in Blanche Klimbelb, dan. of the Uev. Frederick Vincent, Preben- dary of Chichester.
— At Cardynham. John Tremayne, eaq, lo th« Hon. Wary Charlotte, Martha Vivian, dan. of Lord Vivian.
IS. At Benares, Mai. Jamea V. Dcwer. H.M.a T7tn Begt. am of lb* late Sir Jamea Dewar, Chief Justice of Bombay, to Anna Maria Charlotte, dan, oftbebttaB
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 376
1UUUOK,
«. At the Church of St Thomas, Harris Oraataod. C.B., of Uddena, Dor-
Rrde, Ilia of Wieht, Stanhope EL net, 10 Kllen Hht, dan. of the Bar,
IWi, H.I)., Roi Art., to Annie, dau- (leorav Tofneli. of Thornton WaUaas,
of lb« Hon. Mr. Juatloe Measles, lata Yorkshire.
Senior Puisne Judge at tho Cape of So. At All Sainta'. St. Johns Wood,
Uood Hope. Sir John llaeandraw, K.C.B.. to Eleanor,
10. At the British EmUatT In Paris, ilau. of the late John Raraoa.caq.
and afterwards at the Eagllah Chorea, — At St. Marylrbone, Capt Chariot
Ituod'Ag^rmean.JsweoOUonel Annan- Vesey. B.N., m of the lata Hob. and
In, esq.. 26th Kept. cooala of tho Earl Rot. Arthur Vesey, to Harriot Alio*
of Annenlcy, to Sybil, daa. of W. H. Sheffield Uraee. dan. of law lata Sheffield
(lomonde, m, tad niece to tho lata Grace, esq.. K.H. Of Kaole, Sussex.
Sir Edmund Kilmer, hart.. ll.I'. and grand daa. of lb* lata Lieut Gsn.
'■ Ssiliv. lUrtoo dd Hiimuer. Sir John Hamilton, bart
Arthur Henry, eon of Sir Itcnja Haywood, hart., of Claremunt near Uani'hntcr. to Margaret Helen, dan. of the laic John Frederick Foitcr, raq. 1). At St. Mary Abbot'e, Keneinglon,
At the Cathedral, Hong Kong,
Alfred Finchaln. esq., of Canton, to
Ann Maria, das. of the Hon. W. II.
Adams. Chief Justice of Hong Kong.
34. At Christ Church, Colombo, Coj-
llearrloch. to Ella Frederics, daa. of grandson of the late Sir William Gtvo-
Hic lata Walter Frederick Campbell, of Brown-Caee, hart, to Mark Annie, dan.
Ulay. of the late William Skinner, eaq.. of
— At St Mar* a Church, Wermonth, Calcutta, and grend-daa. of the hue M. It Stapylton. son of Slap 1 1 ton Sla- Maj. Oen. Sir Robert fiollo OUloapia, i.vlton. eaq., Mtiou Hall, Yorkshire, to K.C.B.
Mary Jane, dan. of John Brymer. esq. 17. At SI Jamos's, Piccadilly, the
13. At the Britiah Legation, Frank. Rt Hob. Hugh Lord Delamera, of Vale
fort on-tbe Maine, Major F. H. Vacher, ICoral. Cheshire, to Augusta Emilr, daa.
33rd (the Duke or Welllnctou'*) Rogt., of the Bight Hon. Sir George Hamilton
to Kliza Henrietta Augusta, dau. of Sir Seymour, U.C.B., Q.C.H.
Fred. Win Frank land, bart — At St Peters. Eaton -square.
— At the KpiscoreU Chapel, Peebles, Stuart, eon of Sir James Weir Hon, MaJ. Chariee Inge, to Mar* Anne. dan. hart, to Selina Catherine, daa. of alt of Sir Adam Hay. of Hayitone, bart Krakine Ferry.
• Church, Capt. Mil ligan, 3l>ih Kegt. to (iertrude. ilaa. of the late Sir Chariee Shakcriev, bart, uf Soiucrford Park, Cheshire.
13. At Weaimill. the Bee. Wn. ttrresford Beaumont, eon of the late Sir Geo II. W Heaamont bart., to Julia, dau. of Chariee Soamae, eaq., of Coles, Herts,
At Awliarom1>e, James Henry lalleiun. of the Middle Temple, son of the Ritffal Hon Sir J, Patleson. to Annie, dan. of the late Bee T. II. Wal- 1*t. Vicar of Hirkleiirh. I)r*ou.
1*. At Milton, near l.iminrton, Hani*. MaJ. -(ten. Wa Donald Robert- *.... <rf II.H.'i Army in India, to Kites- UtL, dau. of (apt iilorkdale. R.S.
At Twickenham. Thomaa Brad ahaa-. esq., of Lincoln's- Inn. to Kail* Isabella, dan. of the lata Col. Frederick ilalkett Coldstream tiuarda.
— At Cation. Capt. Joseph Han veil, R.A.. to (Iertrude, dau. of Robert Chant - beriin. eaq- Cation House. Norfolk.
31). At St Mary a. Bryanston-aqann, the Re*. E. H. Stapletoa, to Frsaoea Mary. daa. : and at the same time and place, Charles Lcrinton Hogg, esq., eon, of Sir James Weir Hogg, to Harriot Anno, daa. of Sir Walter Stirling, of Fashion, X.B.. hart, and the Lady Caroline Stirling.
Si). la tho Chapel of the Prussian Legation at Borne, hia Eicclleney tho lUron Chariee William Da Canity at
u James's. Piccadilly. John DalloiU. hia Pmaaiaa Majesty's Earoy Healhcote.eaq.to Louisa Cecilia, Extraordinary and Minister Plealno-
d*u of Mac Leod. of Mae Lead, and tentiarv at the Court of Borne. the Hun. Mrs. Mae Laod. of Daaregnn fa.llc.lile of Save.
III. At St Magdalene. Hastings, Col.
corgtana. daa. of the lata Joha Knight esq., of WolrerWy Hoaaa. War-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
ouraa
877
chafe lore, or tendered illtmtrioa* by at Trafalgar swept Um French bat their connection with Um bad of hu from Um h, ud Englaod ni aacnra idolatry, lie retamed home through In her island boa* ud mistreat of the
idolatry.
Turkey. Rootle, acd Um Baltic having not ■■ jet completed hi* twentieth Tear. Tbe enthusiasm he had nourished by these travel* ru *o eameat that It — to all
nvr nipunun;
o the dust, and
generous An extraordinary eerie* of areata
ipirit* who can* aithla hi* ephere; rabad Um aatiooa from Um sbym.
and from hi* example, and that of Lord The low ambition of Napoleon to eon-
EliIn and Sir W. Hamilton. »e* derived Beet bimoelf with Um ancient Boyal
that deep-seated feeling in favour of
the revival of Greek national it j, whleh
afterward* involved Byron and » man*
olher nnblo Englishmen In the Oreek
Insurrection. One of the first' acta of bit freah en-
thuaiaam on bia return to England ra
the establishment of tbe Athenian
Society, one essential rule of which ru their beads. Aitbe Emperor of B
that every member should have flatted advanced, Um Proattan* roue to throw
Greece. From this, and ble abaorp- off the yoke; then vara even hop** s Idea, he wan dubbed that Um Emperor of Anatria wonld east aalde the Ua* of family bond* and aeek to restore hi* diminished empire. It waa in the delicate tank of inducing
in the category of thoae whom Byron the Aaitrian Emperor to join the Alii-
leshedinhis ' Entdtsb Bardsend Scotch anea again*! hi* bob in-law th
mortal quarrel w precipitated bia raat artnlna npon the Interior of Raaaia, and hi* myriad* pcriabod In Um anowa of hi* diaantroaa retreat. The craahed nation* ralaad
Earl of Aberdeen received hi* first im- portant public employment. The Earl wa* at thi* time acarc* thirty yean of age. He mu*t already bare exhibited rare tact, graced by a refined Intellect, and large knowledge, to be thua early eatruted with a mlaalon of aucb dinV cnlty and importance. The deatlniea of Europe depended upon hie success. Tbe Earl fulfilled bi* mission with address that fully justified the
Hcvicwera" aa " that travelled Thane, Athenian Aberdeen." A family fend, probably, bad wmetbing to do with thie attack npon tbe writer of a tasteful «*ay ; for Myron's mother wa* the tariran of the Oordona of Gicht, and when tbe thrift) eaenea* of her father enforced the *ale of the land* of Oiebt, l hey were purchased for Lord Haddo. the Earl* father. Although the Earl
EuMiahed no connected namUve of
is travels, be gave to tbe world his aelection of the Government. At first
opinion* and oheervaUoa* through no- Auttria aainmed the poaitionof perfect
Dieroo* channel*, in eataj* exhibiting neutrality ; from neutrality ah* ad-
grrsl knowledge and taate. vaaeed to mediation; then, la order to
In laud, the Earl waa elected a repn- be an Impartial aMdinleaynho dincoeired
acotalive Peer of Scotland, it waa a that tbe alliance between bar and Franc*
nriod of fioom and almost of despair, meat not be annulled, bat temporarily
that year Nelson, Pitt, and Fox were atupeaded ; finally, by the Treaty of
conairned to tbe tomb; the gloric* of Toplfll (SepL 1118), aha brake with
the Pcninwlarwar had not yet dawned. Napoleon and threw in her lot with lb*
Tbe strength of panic* had been die- allied Sovereign*. To thi* ahe «~ —
pcreed by the loaa of the leader*. The a great atmew.ro aeatated by ll
■ < Wnion- Government— toe "Minis- of a large subsidy, by the i
tnofalltbeTaleaU'hadbaaafoenMd— character of the victories obtained by
remarkable for the lack of talent it e>- Napoleon at Le tan and Baataea, and
hibited.batnote-worthy tana, for Lard by the dotriaiT* Manila of Um groat
EIrnry Petty, the now venerable Mar- battle of Vlllorfa, which drove Um
que*, of l-aoarfowne, wa* it* tuaaewllor French owl of the PssUasul*. Aawttm
of the Eicboqaer. The raptara of Um 1 ■mediatory joined the allmaea, mwl
Peace or True* of Amicus hod been with it foaght tbe batUo* of Dnanam
folfewedbyanMoaaeneoaof aacmmamml tarn Laipar "- -
Import. Although the great vfetwry oi* art li
nainiaini
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 879
D BATHS.
hlaielf with tha rawarde of Hody. Pelopaanuat I. and «m carrying ■»
(In plcaauraa of tociety, ud the — re) and doaolnUon il hlalolanra th rough
rural bopea ud lean of ■ bluer, that claatlc bad. Tho extremity of the
Ha imprurad hit land linmeneely ; Ureekiroueed tDtoactiontbeiyicpathy
he wu one of the Bret to aal that of the Phllhelleaet throughout Europe
example of agricultural enterprlee — England, Prance, Germany, and area
which i» now to remarkable through- " ' * oat the countij ; he eorered hia groond with tnea to an enerraout ex- lenl ; and of not many man could it be maid, aa of him, that tber llred to
aee whole foreeta rla* Into grandeur and ralliei
maturity which tbey thcmttlrea had pninarT warfare againtt their et
planted. In 1827-B great changca when the Karl of Aberdeen became
were about to take place in the poll. Engllth Hlnitter for Foreign Attain,
tieal world. Lord Lirerponl waa In- Whaierer ma; bare been the Ill-will of
capacitated by malady ; the Mintetnr hie eollcagnce to their aereral taaka,
ofi'anuiog wanformed ; bo i the liberal- there can be no don tit thai the erection
iam of the Prime Hlnitter offended hia of the ancient land of Lacedtrmon and
colleaguca, and Wellington, Peel, Eldon, A rgolfe, of Corinth, Arcadia, and Ella,
and other Cabinet M in Lite n resigned, of Attica and Botolla, of I'hocia and
Canning died of orerwork and excite- Doria, and Kabaaa, with their renowned
meat. New combination* took place; dliet. Into a free Hellenic kingdom,
the feeble Administration of Lard waa a la boor of lore to "Athenian
flvderich ante and panned away ; and Aberdeen." la 18M, the Saltan con-
wbea the recalcitrant Toriea graiped aenled to reeogulsa tha kingdom of
the reini of power, the Duke of Wei- Greece, It ie mnch to be doubted
lington oHVrcJ Lord Aberdeen the whether the day-dream* of the joiith,
office of Chancellor of the Duchy of aad the atplreilom of the man, hare
l*n«*tcr. wiih a ml in the Cabinet ; been realised by the ezperleare of the
and Immediately after, on the tcccindon ~~J "* u-..i -• •
of the Earl of Dudley. Htuhuaon and
jlerriea, he waa promoted to the Secre- tarynliip of Foreign Attain. Tbna a alaicamaa, who, not baring been bred to diplomacy, waa eatnutcd with tlie bigheal diplomatic doty at 90, wu now, without baring been bred In office, eatnuted with one or the hiuhrnt dutiet of admintiiration at 13. The A iltuiniri ration of Wellington and Peel in of doablfal fame : for If they pawed the great meaaare of Catholic Emancipation, and made tome ad ranee towardt free commerce, they did to In divpilc of their own trowed Inclina- tioaa like raintaff, they only llttcned
Minider of ISSN realitrd the day dreamt of the atodent The Oreekt bad ri-cu lo avert their independence, and had maintained for trretnl yean a doubtful and bloody itniggle agalnat the Turka Byron, tired by the tame enlhoaiaim which he ridiculed in hit i had fought and died in their
With ilile tingle ex- cept ion of an act Ire conrte the foreign policy of the Bar) of Aberdeen, both now and at all futnre periodi of power, wat that of oon- Interference. It would lie tediout to follow thit polkv through- out all ila dctailt, but *e may indl<-ato ia a eery rapid war tome of the matt marked er en 1 1. Illtlnitant recognition of Louit Philippe wat an excellent illnalrailon of the principle. It wit In accordance with the tame broad principle that Lord Aberdeen related lo employ the Kngilah power lo dlt- rntaeta Dora Mi jot I of the crown of Portugal which he had neurned ; and that, tulacquenllj, he objected lo the Quadruple Alliance negotiated by Lord I'almenton between England, Prance, Bpaia, and Portugal for the mainte- nance of Donna ItabelU on t be ftpaoka throne. By ■ policy to intelligible aad Inoffmaire ha won the perfect eona- denre of foreign Oorernmenla, and
Srobably there a liniatcr who ant on tcrmt of m
n Engtfal 'finch la
r Mia-.loaghi. Ibe ttrongbold of timary with foreign Coarla, and who tern (Ireeee. bad been starred Into preferred tack a good oadenUadiaa- n.kr, Athena bad ben taken; between them and oaratltea. Ha van
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLB. 381
DK1THR
i, however, rejected this off tho evil day t
j and needed la ■ body ; not bailors that w
iinil Lord Aberdeen stutained the ob- Utod ; when war a . ._
loquy of hiring forced the diarup- not boHovo that there would be any
lion, ahicb he with sincerity and fighting: wo entered upon the cam-
aiedom sought to avert. Tho encoders pairs without adequate preparation,
laid upon hi* shoulders the blame of and the Cabinet wen aaxioas to aeiae
their own aehbnB ; and, with the mtn- tho eaiileat opportunity to patch up a
gled grandeur and abaurdity which peace which would place Europe i>
alBoal aii displays of paoaloa exhibit, statu «m> onto Mlum. The disaster* of
half of the clergj gathered together in the Crimean campaign have been attri-
general assembly, resigned their livings, bated to oar on prepared neae and want
and retired to C-aanoomills to uteri that of administrative power. They wen
Free Church which baa done so much mncb more doe to divided counsels In
to prove what great results the volun- tbe Cabinet. The Prime lliniater tem-
tary principle ia capaMe of effecting. pnriied with tbe occaaion -aome of his
■ In the death of Sir Robert I'eel, colleagues were opposed to tho war
Lord Aberdeen became the aehnow- altogether — some were hostile to tho
''■■''■'-- '-L rest of Ibe Cabinet. A t last Lord John Kuasell's defection gave the nobbing
me nereis ry consequence 01 an tneoo- blowLoa Ministry which certainly railed
■iderate policy. Even those who ap- to command the confidence of tho
plaudeil free-trade could not altogether country. An Inquiry into the conduct
approve tbe conduct of those who ear- of the war waa demanded bj a majority
ried that measure ; and so the friends of tbe House of Commons, and. rather
and followers of Kir Hubert I'eel had to than accede to the demand, the Cabinet
endure at once haired from the Pro- resigned.
teciioniata, and suspicion from the " So fell," save a biographer In the
Liberala When, however, In eaccea- Timtm. "that notable Cabinet of Lord
■ion l™th ibo Whig* and the Tories Aberdeen, in which were displayed eo
bad failed to carry on tbe Ouremment, much ability and so much weakness, eo
there waa no couna left but to apply to much similarity of political aim and so
the Peelitca. as they were called. Lord little unanimity of personal sentiment,
Alierdeeu was invited br the IJueeu to so many of the elements which create
couKtniet a Cabinet, lie had been in- popularity and so little sympathy with
viuil to do so. indeed, immediately the popular Impulse as regards the war
after the downfall of Lord John Hue- and its objects, that onr feelings are
■ell's Ministry, and before the appoint- divided between surprise that the ega-
ment of that of l»rd Derby, and he lllion did not last fur ever, and admt-
miichi have failed In 1*53 as he had ration of the high character of the nun
failed in 1*51, hail he not *ooght tbe who kept It together so long,
aid of other part ies in the Slate. Pol- " Tbe Impression left upon the mind
tuning the example of iHitf, tbe fol- by a career no long, and In the aniaeo
lowers of Perl, as then tbe followers of soereasfnl, la not nnllke that produced
Pill, strengthened themselves by a COB- ......
litiua with their ancient enemies. It I- the glory of I^ord Aberdeen that he
le elm re parte consideration
d all hi. life fo.
lienuunred all his life for his sympathy
wuh Continental deapotUm,* be was ia every detail, and full of harmony In
pn.W.ly tbe moat liberal ■talesman in tbe sum. Ho long as tbe course of
Knvland, and the last great act of hie events wan uncertain, and Lord Aber-
life was hi form s ooalition embracing deeo's policy not wholly developed, the
men of nil parties, irom the extreme nation regarded kim with sosplelaei
Tor* to tbe extreme Radical. and dislike, and eonld not understand
The Russian war was the great event how n Minister with whom for the lime
of Unl Aberdeen* Cabinet. It wan they had so little sympathy eonld be a
alleged at tbe time, and la now. per- great and good atateamsa. Bat thai
haps, generally believed, that the war cordoned and hnlofnl outline aasnaaee
ntlghi have been averted by a more form and beeomea attractive, the amah
resolute policy. Lord Aberdeen pat grows Into n nnlehed picture, an we
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 383
MATHS.
A* he failed In dealing with the Scottish nmry for Children, and to the PubUt Church, ho failed alao to dealing with Dispensary, Cere) -street, the Ku-ian complication. Me who had Sat. 11. At Mosnourie, aged M, l« a conducting a polk.7 of negation Lient--Col. Henry Alan, Olphert'i Ben- all bin life hi alow to pereelre the no- gal Hone Artillery. raiiw of positive decisions and acUte Frb. S. la ^ oriblk-oqoaK, Dr. Than, measures. Coder ht» guidance wa Alexander, C.H., Director-General of " drifted into Ike war,' and it waa the the Army Medical Department. The*. natural result of an irresolute policy Alexander entered the Huff In 1B»4, that oar flnl winter in the Crimea and arnred twenty-fire years and three brought an the artnj, not, indeeil. die- month* on foil par, nineteen jean and grace, hot terrible disaster. It ia a log- six mouths of which were ineard on gcelive fact that the nine of one of foreign sertlee. After passing eome our greatest statesmen should bo mora years In the Went Indie*, and North or lot identified with two much cata- America, he embarked for the Cape of alrophesaatbodiirBplionof the Scottish Good Hope In 1 SSI. and Barred with Church and the destruction of the moat the 60th Ri&ea throughout the Caffra ■pleudid arm)' that England ever aent war. He *u principal medical ameer forth. It shows that consistency ia not, of the expedition despatched beyocd after all. the supreme wisdom, and that the Kei, and thanked in general crders- eaution ia not. after all, the only one- la leM he was promoted to the tank coasful polio;." of First Claea Staff rturgeoc, and har- Un die retirement from office in log been placed in charge of the Light January. 1853, the Earl of Aberdeen Division under Sir George Brown, be retired from public life altogether. The landed nt Gallipoli. with the Brat de> onii new incidents worthy of notice in tachment of the expeditionary force, aurh a career, were the bestowal or the on the 9th of March. With the Light tinier of the darter in 1*55, and the Division be remained to the clone of visit paid to him by Her Majesty at the war, without being absent from his Haddo House in 1*47, The upright, duly for a single day. At the Alma, cautious, and experienced statesman his tenderness, his inexhaustible endor- retained a great influence over affairs- anee, and noble devotion, were eapsei- He was still Ihe bead of the (.uniting ally remarkable. At Inkermaua, for " I'eel party," which, altbvngh in num- hour after hour, day after day, he her to be counted on tbc fingers, wna toiled through the terrible scenes of composed of nome of the most cine- the hatllc-lcld and hoapital tenia, np. rivueed and rigorous intellects of the held l>v the noblest arose of duly, la day . though, perhaps, not loved, he Lord Kaglsn'a despatch he la described •as certainly greatly respected by the "as deserting to be most honourably
Cople. who. perhaps unconsciously, still mentioned." On the 13th of January,
iked to him as a wise and thoughtful 1655, he waa appointed Depnty-ln*
counsellor, worthy of all trust. spector General, and be went to Certeh
The first r ..unless of Aberdeen died with Mir George Brown, aa Principal
ia 1 Mi. sod all the issue or that mar- Medical OCcer of the Expeditionary
nei,T are deceased. The Earl married Force. In General Codrington'a de-
•rroiidli. Harriet, widow of Viscount (patch of March IB, Ibtt, in answer to
Hamilton, and grand -daughter of the an address from the House of Ccnt-
fifteenth Kari of Morton, and haa left m..na. Dr. Alexander b also mentioned,
sun it mi issue four sons. and he waa recommended by Dr. And.
Jmiu tt. At Brighton, aged 72, Thoa. ttmith lor promotion to the rank of
Addison. MI)., of llcrkeley^nnre, lata Ideal Inspector ttenerai for service
Consulting I'hysician and lecturer In daring Ike HumiaB war. Dr. Alei-
1'tiy.ic to Guj'e Hospital. The do- ander was subsequently nominated by
ceased, who was author of several Lord Panmare a* one of the Royal
popular medical works, waa alas l*resi< Commissioners to inquire into the saw.
dent of Ibe Hotel Helical Chirargieal tart slau of the army, and be waa alao
rWiriv of London. Consulting 1'by- selected to draw up a new code of rega.
si.ua of the Mouth London Ihspeaaarr, latiosa for the sunagesaeat of barraeka
Kirmerly House Surgeon to the Lock and hospital*. <>n the retlrWKent of
Hospital, and I'bjsician to the lanr. air Andrew smith in 16*3, Dr. Ale*-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 385
DRATHH ■soanied di on oar horse* Mid took b* told at they w*i* going to the Corn- to Pekin. In Pekin they nude do die- minder-ln Chief to give informslion, mount and fod a* Thev tam look us mud obtain out releaae." With Cap- through the dt* lo a place about two tain Anderson poriabed alio tka Dn- lull™ beyond It ( Ifeaj tberc nude a* Boon Guard, Private Pblppa, and m- dismount and gave a* tenia, the English ral of Fane's trooper* officers and ibe Nativeo eoparate. Thou Oct. 17. At Norton Vicarage, Mor- tbey look ua away oaa bj one and folk, aged TO, Col. Henry Anderson, bound ua lying oa the stomach, with April 1. At Bremhill, near Cain*, baada and foot tied behind tha back, aged SO. J. Andrew*, a veteran who They kept ua there in thla position for fought at tho battle of Waterloo, aad
.■inf Oen. Picton front
a the Bold when mortally wounded.
is Jam. 10. John Arliotbuott, Yleeoupt
1 Arbntbaott and Baron Inverbervie In
« the peerage of Scotland. The deceased
nobleman wu bora the lfllb of January,
IT7S. and married, the SSlh of June,
IMS. Margaret, eldeet daughter of Mr.
time*, and that only a mouthful at lime. They then threw ua, bound i we were, into carta and took ua, u think, about twenty coot— the mul< wore trotting and galloping all night. We arrived in the morning at a fort, and were there put into prioon, con- fined in cage*, and loaded with chain*. At that time wo were (even In all. I know nothing of the other* They were taken further on. Wo were kept wia restored la the ancient honours of in this place three days, to lightly the family. The lata Viarount had en- bound with cords that wo could not Joyed the title clone upon nitty yean, mora, the sowura bound with one cord, having succeeded his father In February, the others with two. At the first place 1800. Por some yean he was one of we got nothing to eat. after that they the representative peera of Scotland, cure tu a little a* before. After the and m Lord Rector of the University first day at the second place, Lieutenant and King's College. Aberdeen. He bad Anderson interne delirious, snd re- held the position of Lord Lieutenant of maiued so, with s few lucid Intervals, Kincardineshire, which be resigned in until his death, which occurred on tba 18*7.
ninth day of his imprisonment. Two Aug. 18. At Blrkby Lodge. Hudder*-
deri before his death his nails snd fin- field, aged 63, Joseph Artnilage, esq.,
gen buret from the tightness of Iho * J.P. and D.L for the West Biding of
cords, and mortification set in, and the tbo county of York, and J.P. for l*a-
bouee of hie wrist wore el posed. While eashire.
be was slive worms were generated In Frb. 8. Al Bonn, aged W. Erne*
bis wounds, and ate Into and crawled kloriii Arudt, than whom low men
over bis body. They left the body exorcised a greater Influence over the
there three days, and then look it away, spirit of the Ocrmaa youth in tha
Five davs after his death a sowar aamed beginning of Ibe present ccnlorr. At
Hamdun died In Ibe same state. Hi* first an admirer of Napoleon, Mr.
lady was taken swav immediately. A nidi's patriotic feelings w
Three day s after this Mr. de Norman *— "-- died. tin the evening of Ibe day of ' rnlerunt Anderson's decease tho cords
hy the subjugation of Germany; aad b obliged to take refuge far • In Sweden, be took an active
were taken off our bands, but our (set part In the resurrection of bis country were still kept bound, and from (bat to 1812, lo which his spirit -stirring
time we were better fed. Our feet were i after this, and ke| e yeatcrday erenln. When Ueulenanl Anderson and oar comrades called on as to help him by biting his cords, the Chinamen kicked
ir-eougs greatly contributed. After
Fornje*, slsttUe,
house lietwren Tang Chow and Captain Brabatoa and a Free went hock, and * Vol. ClI.
which he did not quit until the yaw
1840, when be was recalled Into setH-ttT
by lb* present Kin*; of Prussia. Be
iteoanl Andes***, took a part, but no* a ts— plena** om,
cc
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 987
Hit dietlnetlon in t paMla tump*- r*rwaent of IndhL la lltt, he wag
Ulion ih the ancoemful deeign for Iha temporarily, mm) in lBftfl permanently,
Uu^hniterAilienaiam, a Grecian build- appointed a nteraber af iha Supreme
ln« A itUle^eUor degree of celebrity Council. 1> March, 1818, LwdAMMOlj
attended hia iWfn IM eoMtruetion then OorerBor-Ooueral, embarked for
..f iha Grammar School of Edward VI. England ; and aa nil WWMatf, lord
ai liirminyaein. U tka Gothic style, W. BenUnek, had not arrirod, Mr. Bay-
and he increased hi* BUM by hi* aw ler, an aanior mm* of Council, ilM
ceariul designs far tM TravalleM* Club, the cdaoe of (Joremor- General far km
the College of tmrgnons, and the lie- months, in the aalumn of 1810, while
farm Club. Lord W. Ben line* waa on a tow to IM
The buildiaa:. however. Ijt which hit Upper Prorincee, Mr. Beyley liiraan
gentsa will be moat popolarlT estimated President of the Council and Deputy-
ia tbe Houses of Parliament, which U Uorertior of Bengal. On IM lllfc of
hi* monument, a* St. Paula ia that of Korember, however, ha Banned to ha ■
Wren, la splteof in Inappropriate alia number of IM Gercromaat, and In thn
and aome fnulla In detail, which were coum of the following month he miled
forced an the architect by dlmcaltiea for England.
om whloh M had M control, It Is It la a striking proof ef tka high
tbe grandest building of modern timea, characiar wbleh be Brought with him
nnd well justifies the emphatic de- from India, thai M obtained wilhoat
acriplloa of the Emperor Nicholas, mnch eaaraaa the eoretad seat ia tM
" Ccel an rira en plsm." It waa on Direction, two yean after hia return,
the occasion of the opening of the In 1830 ha »n deputy- chairman, awl
iaeat portion of thie areal work, tM In the following year chairman ef IM
Victoria Tower, in leSS, that Her Ma- Company ; and it ia believed that at
iraiy conferred on Sir Charles the more than one eabaaqnnul period the
lonour of knighthood. chair waa offered to him and deoUnnd.
Agreeable to a request of the Inatl- He ultimately retired from public IH*
lute of British Architects. Sir C. Barry la 1 S5», after sixty year* of Berries,
waa Interred in Westminster Abbey on when tbe political powers of Um Coea-
thc fiad May. Hie funeral waa con- pany were uanaferred to the Crown, ducted with great solemnity, and waa Mr. Bey ley «>i a modal of a " Com-
attended by nearly 600 rapreeentalirea paay'e tarrant,* na Cosnpenr a aemnta
from the great eoeietiea of arte and were in their beat days. He i in England, In addition to a nreeenutlra man." of tha' oue deputation from the Honao bad done eo much far the
and, In addition to a nreeenutlra man." of that die* whloh he Honao had done eo much far the miinltnanaa baildinga of the Indian Empire— the dan af
It for tent to labour quietly and «
ihe Earl of Elleamere, Trcnlham and and to contribala their nnap,
Clifden Honao* far the Duke of rtolher- ahare In the freal anm total af fatal
land, and Strickland 1'ark, eWfolk, far gorernmenl.
HLr W. Mlddleton. Jam. ». At Sioa. aged Tl, the Qamm
Mag 3». At flt Leonards'-on-Hen, Durham MWphnala Loniaa AdrlMM do
William llnlUrworth Hay ley. Baa. TM Heaubarnaja. Sha m aieoe of the mn>
deceaaad. baring receired hia early ada- prom Josephine by her trot marrtanw
cation at ban, waa, after a brief eojourn with Count da Beaobanaia, and wan
at Cambridge, appointed to the Indian married in bar 17th year to Prtnan
Civil gerriro at Iha elom of the last can. Louie, who afterwards beeama Grand
tnrr. On hia antral In India he waa Dake af Baden. By him tM deceased,
placed at the new W< instituted college lady had three daughtera-ths Prinewas
at Port William, where be eo dlotla- Loniaa. born In 1811, and married In
roiabed himself, that Iha Governor- Prince Gasurua Warn af Sweden;
Ueneral. Lord Wellcaley, eelectod him Prince- Josephine, born In 111), ■
fur the confidential daliea of hia own ■ - - — omre. Having eheaan Ihe judicial branch of Iha aerrlea, he waa. In 1811, appointed secretary In the ttevenna and Judicial Departmental nam in HIS,
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 889
DUXBft,
Brierm* and the Military College of dictatorial interference with hi* prints
Pnria, wh appointed *nb -lieutenant of affection* ahoekad hia penooal feeling*:
artillery. Jerome waa but a boy when he withdrew from public, aflUra, and
the capture of Toulon and the defence lived aaa private gentleman daring law
or the Convention again*! the inaargenl whole period of (be Heaping. Front
" 'ha Sret "" " l '
Kectioua of Pari* bad given the Srat lh« Emperor he a
impuleo (o the career of the future rank, employment, or title; am wa»
Emperor. Before Jerome waa IS Na- created Prince da Canino, after IBIS,
Eicon had conquered Italy. Invaded by the Pope.
. .Tpt, returned, overthrown the Dirw- The career of Laden waa a obntraal
lory, and been named Flint I'onanl. to that of bit brother*; they were more
Jerome, therefore, waa (till vcrv young pliable, and readily accepted the greae-
wben the gleam of the Imperial purple neaa throat upon than. For the moot
liemn to colour the fortune* of the fui brother*. The navy wee nclrricd for Die career of the cadet ol the boune. and in the French marine, aa it elided in the Interval between A bonk if and Tra- falgar, Jerome tented through the yearn
part theaa forced promotion* r in deverred lll-eucceen. Jerome had Iwen appointed to Uw command of a ' llne-of tattle thip, the I'eatraa, of 74 guna, almoat aa aeon aa he had learnt .. . . _._ to diKtlnr/abih the item from the etera.
or the I'otwulnle. It waa while eerving Thb ahip formed part of Admiral TU- on the North American atation that laumea'i aqnadren. in the Went Indie*. Jerome, then onlj IV, met at Baltimore The Eagliah Admiralty, havisr been the daughter of an American merchant, well Informed aa to the proceeding* of l»Tinie enamoured of the lady, and, tbt* force, had chaaad and baiMaad It ■ iiboul taking the permimion of the without In terminal on nntll it bad been head of the family, wh married 10 bunted oat of thoec aeaa. Sevan! Kliiebeih Pateraon. Thin event took aqaadrona under active aommaodare place In 1803; Napoleon waa then Firat were lying; In wall, in whatever direc- t'onaul; end, though not proclaimed tion il ahould etcer. Under Iheee dr- Emprror until lf()4. waa evrn at the e— wrlnneea. Jerome. Inalead of atandlnw date of hi* brother » marriage calculai- bravely i>y bit Admiral, aarreptltloaaly iiie their alliance with Ibe Royal and parted from him in the night, and
tno'-rly famillee of Europe aa part of made all tail for France. On hi* die- in policy. He rnmidcrcd Jerome'* honourable voyage he deatroyed several niarriaue both a click to thai policy merchant ahipe. and made a very vain- ami an act of diubedience. and waa able capture. With hia prlxe he waa git-ally incrnaed l>y il. He liaii already approaching the French coeat, when he) qiiarrelled with hie brother l.urico, waa dcacried and ehaaed by an BngH*h i-arilr fur the aame mwn. I.uHen vowel. Jerome abandoned hia booty, li.nl married in ITI*5. when the star of and ran hia ahip aahore In the am all ■he liVinapartra waa yet only on the harbour of C'onenrnean, where aha wan horizon, a Mademoiselle ll»yer; hut, wrecked, but the ere* and gnna w — " Ix-romine a widower in 1 !■"'.', he mar- aaved. To a prond mini" — L ' ~ ~ n-fi, aaainal all Ibe r '
Joubcrton. thu the [price of ah»rt..„ .... „
of Villanmeiiehlna revnici 1Mb rnuunee to mb aumunty, periahed In Ike terrible itonni that and would hate had him put away hia overtook them. Napoleon felt hbt pbhrian "ifc ; bul l.nricn waa * man of brother* dlabonour keenly, and far aome time held him In diagraee. Never* th.leee. the family Intereau reqalred that the Fjnpcror'a brother ahooM be
IToleclcd, and after a abort interval eiome waa rapidly advanced, and between 1805 and JSnT the yoang on the Davallofleer became Bear-Admiral, a French Prince, a General of Uriah**,
il and >tr«ng will, and wi nvrr, a linrrrr republican; aun ne firnili real-led bribe* and Ihrcata alike. After Ihc Rmperur. the moat gifted of the brother*, be bad been of material •rnice- hia terrier* were Indeed of till] importance to Na|>olcoii mrtimrablr day when the latl tbn-w the liovernment of the IHreclory and King of Weatpbalie. The «a*d*n
and di>-ilied thcC.mncil of Five Hon- change from the aaa to ll ' "
ilrrd. Hut ihc'aMumption of imperial waa almoat a a *c realty, t power offended Ihc Itepublican aa the gar hi* occupation aa an .
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
nun
801
pear* from hi* elevation. Looii had at Waterloo hi M mtwJ attack* npoB
aomtthbg of the Independent aplrlt of Um oath of Hugotugoal* and N
Lucira, but Ina* eliragth of character wonoded. When all m loot be fled
Inum it. He yielded to ike im- to Pari*.
ii will of Napoleon la twoiinpor- Then followed the loaf period of n
to maintain It.
Inpoleon la twoimpor- Then followed „ ,
tant areola of hi* lift ; ha married, and reran, which waa ■bared by the whole
accented a throne at the dictation of family; all of the name of Bonaparte
hi* brother; and la neither elepwa* ho were axiled from France; with exile
fortunate. Alter hie abdication be re- and diaperalon came obeeurlty, that had
tired— Brat to Grata. aobaeauently to almoat deepened into oblivion, when Florence, where bo long raided, under hlalary again took np the fortune* of the title of tbe Count do St. Leu. The the Nairn! eon Idee, and again thej ill
„ jl of bia three aon* i* the prmeut one of ft* ampleal page*.
Bmperor. The Hj-aniab rein of Joseph Theae thirty yeanof obecarity Jerome
laaled longer, but from tbe beginning paieed in Germany and Italy, the Allla*
to tbe rod it wa* marked by calamity, permitting bia choice of abode on lb*
. . M burned in tbe bean* of tbe Ileal connection* In 184 T, In e
Hpeniah people, and it* outbreak* were quence of aome nagof latioaa with the
terrible. The Are jean of Joaeob** tlorernment or LooU Philippe, he wan
royalty coat France more than half a- permitted to return temporarily to
million of aoldiern He wa* King of Writ; and thna it happened that Jew*
Spain only In name. The power of waa once mora a paattre opectator af
tbe French extended only urer the erenla nbich upael the accond lime tbe
fonreaaea they held and lb* ground they dynaaty of the Bourbon*, and ralaed to
eorcred with their legion*. Tbe power the throne a near relatlrr, by ■ of their king extended ore
r .- ; for tbe Marabala, beroca of
a hundred rictorlee. laughed to acorn the helplcaa law-aludeal whom fate and bin brother bad made a king ; and obeyed only the ordera Ibal emanated from tbe niaalcr apiril at the Tuileriee. Twice defeated in the open 6eld.
ergiea he im once agaia rniaed la e nighcat dlgnitle*. When hU ne-
Cbew, Loajl* Napoleon, lb* eon of hi* rother Louie, cx-Klug of Holland, be- came the rreaident of the Republic, policy, aawell aa family feeling, dictated Ibal he abould realore to rank the Den who formed the llnka between the old
ra front bin capital, the king- and the new Revolutionary Govem- dom of Jowpb received it* finlahiag meat. Accordingly In January, ISM, Jerome wa* ralaed to tbe rank of *
If Jnaepb'n royally bad a Tlolrui ter- mination, expiring, it may lie mid, in ninrul'inua. Jrniinr'i Wc-ipbaliau king- dom aimply disappeared ; hi* throne ■cut down with the wreck of the Em- pire . and tbe beginning eud cad of hia renin are almnt tbe only event* that marked tie exiatwe. In it* laat period hia realm bennt little more than a military portion; the French eorpa Jerome com man .lei I relreated Iwfure the adrane* ol tbe Allir*. He entered t ran.---, but it waa no longer a aal* a-iura for a Boaaparte. Tbe King of Kr*tpbalia led to Hnilirrlaad. and fiualli aetlled al Trieale. When Nape.- I1-..11 landed from Elba Jerome returned In Kniuv, and took part In the laat •(rut-tie. In command of ihe nth IHii- aiuauf Infantry of fount Ucille'a cerna, be ba.l a abate la the *eagulnary ac- tum at Wuatre llraa. where he dree* the Kagltah front the wood of Boata ; and
of France, and I'realdeat af the Senate. In 1*52. when It In mil bia nephew'* policy to break with Um Republican party, Jerome reatgned Ihia post ; bat wben In the Decem- ber of that year Ihe Preaident eon- kiimmated hia policy by Ihe aclaum *f tbe Imperial diadem, and It wa* aecee- aary to fix the aaeceanioa to the throne ; an Imperial decree ordained, " That la raae of our leevlag IM direct heir, legi- timate or adopted, our well bekjrad uncle. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, and hia deaeendanta, direct and legitt- roxe. tbelBHieof bl* marriage with the I'rinrtM Catherine of Wurtetnbor*;, from male to male, hj order of prtmo- geniture. to Ihe perpetual excretion af female*, are appointed to aaccced aa." Tbe heir to Ihe Imperial throne an* at Ihe am tint* endowed with a naU* ineom*. lb* Pal*!* Eoynl wa* amlaaaf to him far a raalJan**, and bin oaVkl
Jose,
point*, in which It U moat important for lbs national Interest* that Um
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 803
DEATHS.
of (bat great brother to whom b« owed In Uwn terms:— "Mr. Bowtbywaa Um
k much, ud without whom he woold correspondent of Um Timn. lie audi
probably have died on known. the paMng* from England In tbe mm
.t/w-tf 14. At her residence, Bel green- itinmitr h myself, end 1 became ae-
eq.. tbe Right Hon. latdy Boston, qaalntcd wlib him daring tbe vow*.
.Vue. ». la Bedford*., Bedford sq, I deplore hie loss, not oaFy because, he
aged TO, Henry Scott Boston, esq., UU na e htghly-ecccmpl[>bed ud will-
of Hslstead. Kami, ud son of tbe lata informed gentleman, but alio becaaae,
Adm, Boston, from the nrnscieutlou* and liberal
Inw 24 At Wander, aged TO, spirit In which be addressed hlmeelT
tpb Moor Bonltbee. eaq.. of Spring- to the Investigation of tbe eiagntarly-
I, Lieut-Col. let Warwick Militia, complicated problem* presented by the
Hie death was eanaed by a fall from hie moral, social, political, and commercial
horse *I a rerlew of hie regiment, which condition of China, I had conceived
brought on conenmion of tbe brain. the hope that be woold be tbe mean*
iite. IV. At Kouih Walibam, Care- of diffusing arm nd Information oa bih line, wife of Major Boullon, and grand- dan. of tbe late 1-or.i Kendlosbam.
Jam. 20. At Stoke Houee, Cblchet- tcr. Cbarlea Plevdell Bouverle. esq., Sflb eon of the bite Hon. and Bar. If. lie r del I Houverie.
Ktpt- 22. la tbe neighbourhood of in tbe Hutoty; of hie pcraonal •afler-
Pckin, of tbe horrible cruelties in- log end piteous death a narrative will
flirted by the Chinese authorities, aged be found in the notice of hie fcllow-
43. Tbca. William Bowlhy, the 7Ym*' anfferer. Captain Anderson.
Commissioner. Mr. Howlby waa tbe Jam* 2S. A red «, tbe Her. Edward
eon of an officer of the Koyal Anil- BowlbT, M.A., Hector of Little Tbar-
lety. He wa* educated for tbe legal rock, Essex, and fourth eon of the Iter.
profession, and waa for sonic yean a T. Bowlhy. Mr. Bowlhy waa formerly
partner In the legal firm of I-anrocce an officer In H. M.'e King's Own or 4th
and Crowd*, in the City. He gave up RegC, with which corps he served
practice on succeeding to a consider- throughout the Peninsular campaign*
able fortune from hie wife's family ; and at the battle of Waterloo,
hot bating loat much of thin in apecu- July 1. At Dresden, Sir Oeorg*
hubs**, he attached himself to the new*- Dowyer. of lieu ham Conrt, Bocks,
paper preos. and during (he Cnnti cental B*n. He waa tbe Inheritor of two baro-
trouhtea of 1H4S was sent to Berlin ae acleios— one conferred on Sir William
tbe Timet Special Correspondent. Bowrer. of Denham Court, Bucks, la
When tbe eipediiioa to China waa HWi>, for sen ice* during the Civil War
rewired on. Mr Howlby went oat In and at the Restoration; and tbe other
tbe same capacitv, and railing with granted to Admiral Bow ver. after Lord
Lord Elgin and Heron (Iroe shared Hosc'n victory on tbe let of Jane, 17W,
witb them in tbe wreck of the Mitt*- in which engagement be waa severely
har, and ibe subsequent hardships and wounded. The deceased, who waa bora
triumph* of the expedition. Ilia narra- in ITU, and in 1MB married Anna,
tires i>f the oecurrencea of tbe war st- dan. of Sir A. K Ifcmglae, R.X. tab*
traded great attention, laing full of died 1M4), formerly represented the
entmalion and fire, depicting tbe atir- boroughs of Malmeabury and Ablag-
ritiii event* that named under hie even " with the moat dramatic effect. Mr. Itiwlhy'a personal character was such a> to command attention and respect fmm the high oflriaU end military duff* of the force, and he seemed him- self inie-le-l with same high l™i bd- dr lined authorily. Tbe Earl of Elgin, whu might bare passed over an un- authorised apectalnr of hla conduct aa an intruder, deemed it hie duty to lake
aoiiee of Mr. lluwlbj* high qualities
don, and waa a friend sad aupporter of "■ill and Canning. *7*~- Put to death by the orders of a > general, ex asperated by the de-
tbe Royal Artillery. This
i gal mat and eldest sou of
Major Brabeson, late of the 1ft h Hus- tara, of Brebeaoa Park, Mayo. Caataba
n_. -eased •»»* of Ihnasnui
of Uh lrUhm mb.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. ' 308
DEATHS.
part of the u»]> el the M< cf York, IBlBSir Thcoue married AuxHuk end Captain Brlebane, then in hie 30th heirem of Sir H. Hay Maedougnll of »«, look part So ail the affair* of the MeketwuMB, oka nurrlvaa Urn. HI* Vludera campaign, from St. Amend M children, however, lure all pwdicwii Nlmeguea. At the engagement of him. Id 1811 Sir Theme* waa, m Ika Lille he loaMn killed ud woundod. m recommendation of the Duke of W.I- rawer than aa own oet of ike SJ com- linglou, appointed OentMr of Mew peeing hi* company, ha aba being South Wnlea, and marked hU admlnle- woaaded. la 1T90 he antred Id the tntlon of bar yeare bj many viae re- Wort ladle* under Sir Balph Aber- form*, lie Improved the condition of
mbj. Daring the campaign he wm the convict*, lubotltuled uneful labeer
ordered to attack a fart deemed almoat for the treadmill, and, above all, gave
impregnable. Oa bi« march op be waa tham the blaming of hope, by offering
BMt by a brother officer, who remarked, ticket* of leave far good conduct. At
"It cannot be take*;" nben begallanilj hia own egpeaaa he introduced Into the
replied, " It ran ; 1 have the order ia colonj good breed* of boras*, a* wall ae
mj pocket," and he ami hla men took the cultivation of the vine, the tngar-
iL Hla health having ■offered from cane, eottoo, and tobnoeo- At bl* reel-
ike climate, hia friende purehaaed Tor dene* at Paramaita he eatablUked a
him the eokmck y of the BWth Regiment, large obetrraiorj, and nan idea may
whieb had recently returned from lha I* formed of the labour* which, betide*
Weat Indie*; but on hi* arrival in Eag- hi* dutica aa Governor, he voluntarily
lead la ITU* be found that the regiment undertook, when (I 1* Katad that a*
had been unexpected!; neat back, fixed the poaiUoaa of aad catalogued
Having recruited hi* health he again TSs5 Man hitherto ararcety known la
returned to Jamaica, where be paid aetronomem. For tbi* magnificent
much attention to the beelih of hU men, work, "The Brieban* Catalogue of
and with *acb nccen, that on the re- Stan," he received lb* Copter medal,
lam of hi* regiment in 1B0S, there waa from the Royal Society, a reward which,
bat oa* invalid left behind. In 1810 In hi* eve*, oulaboae all hi* other boa*
be waa appointed Andetant Adjutant- our*. The Culver*! lie* of Cambridge
Ueneral to the *t*IT at Canterbury, aad Oxford alao conferred upon him
which be held until be obtained the the degree of D.C.L. Oa hla return
command of * brigade under lha Duke from Australia be maided chiefly at
of Wellington, whom he joined at Co- llakeretoun, where he eataMiabed both
itnhra In 1812, and under whom he an aatronomieal and a magnetic oWr-
■erved in ltetaa/1 diviiiou daring lb* vaiory. and with tbeaanttaneeofa veiw
remainder of the 1'enieinlar War. At able *taff of ohnerrer* he lent forth
Villoria. King Jwepli • earner**, plate, three large volume* of ohanrntiow,
and wine* fell into the hand* of Mr which were pubtiabed ia the "Traaa-
Tbomaaa brigade. At the tattle of the action* of the Royal Society ef Edin-
MveSir Thoma* highly diailngulahed bunth" Nor were the OoruranMat
himself, and for hi* bravery received alow to reward hla military eervieoa la
the thank* of Parliament. II* waa 1826 he received the colonelcy of the
alao prreent at Ortbr* and Toulouse. St th Kegiment. and he waa offered the
After the abdication of Napoleon Sir command of Ibe troop* In Canada. Bad
Thomaa waa sent lo North America, aad ahorlly aflcrwerde the chief command
at the unfortunate affair on Lake Cham- in India ; hat the advice of hla medical
l-irnoa be waa ordered lo cover Ike re. ottren constrained him lo decline both
treat, wbteh be accomplished without of then* honourable preferment*, la
Inn bv the dealrnetioa of the bridge 18M be wax created a haronct, and la
arroM the Itrad freak, tin Napoleon a laid be waa gasrtted K.O.C.. and la
n-iuru from Elbe, ia IMS, the brigade 1841 a General In the army; and aa
a hick Sir Thomaa commanded on* re- the death ef Sir Waller Beotl ha waa
railed, and be arrived off the roaat of alas elected President ef the Revnl Be-
r'raorc with hi* twelve regiment, jaat rictv. Kdlaburgh. II* Ban founded tew
i™ lale to there ia the atone* of Water- gold medal* a* reward* far ad aetata
luo. He continued in franco with the merit, on* for the Hovel Society, aad
Amy of llcrupatiuB ualil ISIS, when the ol her for the Society of Aria, he waa appointed lo lb* command of A«g. M. At Oloaeeaaer-plaea, Port-
■hc tonibctn district of Ireland, la man oanaro, nged Tw, Idea*. Cam. H*en-
807
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DBATHfl. Commerce and Public Worka, and MM on the delicate mlaalon u Ambaaeador to Sardinia to conclude to the captive ti'Ennnt the treaty of peace. On bii return ha the deciiion of lie Britiab 0 devoted bluuelf to the buaineaa of hia u to hU dlapoeal. mlntitry, into which ho introduced Ilia On Ik* death of hla uncle In 1U1, moat Tigorooi reform*, ud would have he eneaeeded to the baronetcy, 4*4 In carried them (till further had not hie 1830 aaeeeuaTully conleated th« county tlroag opiniom, eapecially on the nocea- of Suffolk In the Reform tatereat. !l* ■it; of a reduction of expenditure, waa again retnroed on the diaeolutlon, brought Urn Into a eollialon with hla which followed the rejection of lb* Bo- colleaguee, which lad to hla reeiguation form Bill, and waa offered the peat of Id 184], when he received the dignity Secretary at War by Karl Orej. Hla of a baron. In 1862, bowcrer, he waa Impaired itale of health, however, corn- appointed to nrgotiate a treaty with pelted him to decline the offer, and the the Eollverein, and, in 1853. he waaaent aame cauae led bin to resign the aeat aa plenipotentiary to Com tau lino pie, when Parliament waa dieolvcd, after the where he negotiated ifae Convention of paaaiag of the Keform BilL With the 18S4, ib faionralile to Austria. In eacepilon of an uneacceaffol conical far 18SS he waa nominated Miniater of Suffolk In 1837, be never again ap- Finance, which oflie* be held u> the peared In public affaire, bat jmailil day prctioui to bii death. Gigantic the remainder of hia life Ib the dt»- fraoda, however, hating been discovered charge of hla dutiea aa a landlord ; the in matter* for which be waa officially alanine of hla taate for the Boa arte reaponalble, the Emperor temporarily and the preparation of hia " Narrative; removed him, and after haring under- of aotue i'aiaagn in the Ureal War with gone one examination, the baron de- France." published In 1854, In which, atroyed bitnaclf, " aa a leaoon that ought not to be for.
J)rf. SI. In Chariot ta-aq., Edinburgh, gotten." he dwelli on the ioeOcieney to
aged 1)5, Jamca Bucbaunan, caq., of which, at the outbreak of that war, our
Craigcnd Caatle. military meana had been brought by
ifi. 1. At Calcutta, Dr. Buist, a the neglect of the Itavcrnment daring
native of Scotland, but long resident In ten yeeia of peace. In thia work alw
rioui and atriklng particular* ot me campaign In Holland, and tbe expedition to the Helder, the battle of Maiila. the atate or affaim in Saplea and Sicily : and man* other of the great evenla of the** liuee, derived either from pcraonal olaerration or from acceaa to aourcea of information not generally aceemiblc.
Tbe present volunteer movement owe* very much of lla eateul and aneceai to the teal and activity of Mr Henry.
India, editor of the Unmhay 7Yi journal which be railed to the firel po- aitlon in the preaaof India. Joit before hia death. Dr. Huiat, it n aaid, bail been •elected to fill an important pout in the Indian Civil Service.
Jut* 9. At tbe l-ord Warden Hotel, Dover, of bnmchiiia. Major-lien. Fre- deric Thomaa Duller, late of tbe Cold- atream tiuarda
A />ril 13. At hi* aeat. Barton Hall.
Burr St. Edmund*. «ccd el. Sir Hcnrj _ . __ ..
Edward Bunbury, bait., K.C.B-, and From the poaition he bad .___ ..._ F.SA. England waa threatened with invaaioa
He entered tbe army In the year mure than fifty jcata ago. be waa better 17V4; and eaaidc de-camp to the Duke acquainted with the daniren of that of York, he nerved im the diaaaUona period and the apirit with which they expedition to Holland in ITW. In were met than moat men of tbe promt 1-ni Lieut. Col unci Unnbury eorom- day. and thia knowledge prompted am pan ml the eijicdiiion to the ktedl- appeal from blm a year ago, and an tetraneaa, and he waa present it, the offer.lf nogeneral movement look phc*. Utile of Melda. On hi* return to to *t the example of training a certaia England in 1 SOS, be waa made t'nder- number of volnnteere at bii own charge. Hccretary of State lor War in the Sir Henry Bunbury married -nrat, I'ortland Admiaiat ration, an aSce In 180T, Louie* Emilia, daughter of which he held till 1818. Sir 11. Ban- General Fox {under whom he (erred bury waa al*o -elected, for hia tact In Italy), aa4«anddaag-hl*r of taenia* and courtcay, to accompany Lewd Keith Lard Holland, who died U ISM ; aa-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 401
DEATHS.
the City, ud of i Commlmiooer of Milbaaka, bart., and I*dy Judith Noel,
Road* lor Sorrev. He iu alao a uiefol Um deter and co-heir of Tbomaa Noel,
ncmljcr of (he Society of Antlijaariea, the lost Vinount Wentwouh. On
haiinjr much knowledge of our ancient Janoarr 2nd, IBIS, Ml** Noel became
roll* and archive*. He ra, moreover, the wife of George Gordon, the dith
■ Captain of the London Militia, and a --* ' -L - *■
Cllj of
ncy for the
•( London. Ai may be aoppoaed, hi* family connection* ana early training, Mr. Battervorth iu a aincero Christian and a Melon* mpporter of the Church. The rebuilding of hit London perteh chorch of St. Dunitan'* waa due In no (null degree to hla effort* ; and Iu the pariah of hla country residence, Rlrealham, he maliilr promoted the building of the dlatrict church of the
Lord Byron, then approaching the clon of hi* twenlr-dith jew. With lb* circumstance* eomeqnent on thla alli- ance all the reader* of Byron'*, bio- graphy are familiar. After a thort experience of married life Lord and Lady Byron •eparaled hj mutual con- •cut, baring had one daughter, Ada, bom December 10th, 181S, who after- ward* became the Countess of Lore- Ian. In lfj« Lady Byron became a widow, and never afterward* married.
Holy Trinity. A* one of the Court of but paaaed the remainder of her lira la
the
aju-
Company h: dieioua friend to the trade* of which It* member* conalai. The surviving chil- dren of Mr. Butterworlh and hla ami-
le wife {who died in 18M)
i of actire el benevolence. On the death of Lord Scaradale, In I860, Lady Byron faenn Barooea* VVentvorth by writ. April 20. Aged TS, at 8L Leonard'*.
Paul's Cathedral, the deceased gentle- man having been a member of the com- mittee engaged In the taik of embel- liahing that noble edlsce.
Sri*. S3. At Soullwet, aged TS, V ice- Admiral the Hon. Henry Wlke* Byng. I officer, who wu fourth
lander*, and laat *u Gen Sir AUn Cameron.'K.C.a. of the Knacbt branch of the bonne of LocfaieL Die. 25. In Lanadowne place, Chel- tenham, aged 7T. Mijor-tlen. A. Camp- bell, late ILR.I.C.S., and of Aoehman-
aunof the Bfth Viarount Tomngtsn, nock and Artiyard, Ajnbirc.
and grand-nephew of Ibc unfortunate Jan. t. At Wollaitou Houae, Nor-
Viec-Admlml Hon. John Hrng. who thamptonihlre, Iiabellalknnide Camp-
* executed on the Htb of March, bell, fourth dan. of the late W. A. De-
17*7, enured the nary ia March. 17H1, and had aeen much eervice, principally on the coast of America and In the Weal Indie* during the Revolutionary War. In loud he waa in the Rio de la llata. and entnuted by Sir Home I'op- ham aiih the command of tbe forlorn bope in the first onau<-reaaful attack <
lane, can., and wife of tbe Iter. W. Campbell, one of TlrrMijralj* lai|iij tor* of Schooli.
ila-rk 3. rlnddenly. ai Windaor, aged Bi, the Re*. William Canning, He waa appointed a (anon of Bl Ueorge'i In 1623, and for many yean
rid tbe Rectory of Wert Healertoa,
awwult and rapture (Feb. 3. 1M») he entered the breach at the head of the 8Mb Kegt. In the many brilliant arcnc* which were in 1-13 enacted In tbe rk/Mif^air, under Sir tleorge Cork- bum, the late Admiral took a very dia- tinguuhed part, which mined him Iht iiublii'ly-ciprnard thank* of tbe Con- mander in Chief. He waa placed on the retired Hm of captain*, 1MB; mr- admiral*. 1M0. and vice admiral*. U56.
J/iry Id. At St. George's - terrace, KcirentVieu-k. aged 47, the Right Hon. Anne ImWiI*, Lady Noel Bvrou, Ba- nian* Wentnorth, Her Ladyship waa the daughter and hairaa* of sir Balpk
Vol. CI I.
the morning of ita near Malum, Yorkshire. He ■
ther
Aug- S». Al Bower Houae, Dunbar, General Carfra*. 1I.E.I.C.B. June ». At Leamington, aged M,
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
late John Jemea Chains, wbo died 1b l»ai. were the aona of M. Jean Cbalon, eumetimc Profeeaor of the French Lu- gnage and Literature at the Hovel Mili- um- Ctllui, Bnndhuret.
Alfred KJwMd Cbeloa m ben el . Oenera Id IJTT, and accompanied Ma rather to England, when the family were frightened from thai city by th* Franca revelation. The two brother* ware deatloed for a mercantile life ; but the paeaion far Art bant etrong within them, and their father permitted them to fellow their inclination. Accordingly they entered their namca aa atadenta at the Itoyal Academy.
In 1808 the bfothera joined together in eetabllahlng among their friend* - The Sketching Clan," a aoetoty far the ■tody and prattle* of eompodtioa. lu chief member, were the lata 0. B. 1-eelie, R.A., C. Btanlerd, K A., T. I' wine, K.A., and Meoara. J. CbrlatalL J. t'irtridge, K. Bone, and 8. J. Stamp. The " Sketching Cleb * hated aome-het more than forty yearn, bat gradually became cillnct a few Tear* ago.
Alfred began to exhibit at the Royal Academe In 1810, and ha continued to do aa till the lent eihibition, which con- tained MTeral of hia picture*.
Having beca elected in doe eourae an Aeeoclaie of the Koval Academy, and aflerwarda a foil Academician, Mr. t.'halon gradually roe* to become, and reigned for many jean aa. the fashion- able water -colon r painter of the age, and may be allied par tarrilnta the anlrl of the ladle*, in the portraiture of whom, more especially la their Court dreaxe*. bla facile and graceful pencil was
eldeat daughter. Mr. Chapman Mood up to return thank* for blm«elf and hia villi ; he moke a few miuatea, fell forward, and Inatanily expired. Ha ia domestic chaplain to Lord Wll- loughby D Ereebr. and had been rector of hia pariah for forty rear*.
Jot IB. In Holywell, Oxford, aged 79, from the effect* of no accident, Sarah Ann Chapman, younger dan. of Urn Bar. Joaeph Chapman. D.D., formerly
the throne; bla weUkno* rcpreaml* the Qeee
ture in the atata dram which one won ia opening bar flret Parliament. Mr. ('baton a laleaU ware not eoanned to portrait painting, although hia pecaliar ulenl and conaeqaenl lucrative employ- meal kept him chiefly to that branch of the art; he aim painted aeraral •ubjeru of a ■acred and hlaterte charac- ter, nliit-b are of a eery high order of merit though lea* known than bin por- trait annex.
Otr. «. The Rev. W. E. Chapman. Hector of Kdenham, Lineolaahlre, At the Lreakbat after th* woddiag of hia
&7* 8. At Oxford, Hir Robert Alex- ander CbcrmaMe, H.I). He nerved in Spate, Fran**, Klandem, etc., and wa* preaenl at the battle of Waterloo. For aonu jean previon* to bin death ha held the poet of phyeJciauextraordlnary to Her Boyal Hlghneat the Duchem of Kent, and wax pbyaietan to the brltiah Bmhnmy at Parte.
ftt. 1, 1869. U the obituary of tke Roe. William John Cheahlre. Canon of Canterbury, In th* tact voinm* of the A»»uai ftajitter. the Bee. Canon ia deacribed aa baring been "Motor to tlie aona of th* Earl of Egremont, aant to Oxford by that nobleman In charge of hia yoangeat too. and rewarded lor bli care by presentation to two family benefleca. Thla paragraph vaa im- ported lato th* notioe of th* Rev. Canon by a moot relation* error of the
Sreat; the alatement waa intended to ™ part of lb* biography of the Ber. Tbomaa Soekett, in p. 4 M of the Bam*
./axe T. At Biahlon-hall, Htaflbrd, aged So, I*dr Cbetwrnd.
l*c «. At South Belmont, Don- outer, aged 78. Harah Aaue, widow of Leonard Walbaake Chlldera. end.
/*-r. 28. At St Leonardi-on Sea, aged 71. th* Bee. William Cleaver, far- raerlj Rector of Drlgnnr. eo. Wick low, eldeat ana of Boaeb; Cleaver, U.D., Archblabop of Dublin.
Dt. 80. At her reeidenee. in Breton, ■tract, Led* Clifton, widow of Sir Jnrkca Granville Jaekea Clifton, bart, of Clif- ton. Not la.
Frb. It. At Halrwella, Ipawlch. egad S6, John Cobbold', aaq, aa eminent citiaen of laawfch.
fJrt. 84. At Oanaburgh terrace. Re- geat'a-parh. aged M, Mary Ann, wife *f tha Hon. W. X. Cochrane, lam Major, 1Mb Haamra.
Jf are* Ml Maynard CoWtaeUr , eaq, of th* Wlldemam aad Weatbaryer-en- Berem, J.P. and D.L., far tha Connti* DD9
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
405
i Kibibitlon
In part In their proceed i no-
Jan. IS. While on a vkil to the Mar-
gallant General iu repeatedly thanked for hi* aervleea in General Orders, and in 1HSS he wu nude a Knight Bache- lor. In January bat he obtained the Colonelcy of the 73rd Regiment.
"SI. lnCjunbridge-*lrcet,Hyde-
l*dy Cowley. I,ady Cowley wai eldest K. Onalow. bart
dsu. of June*, Brat ataruueaa of Kalii I'ury. Her ladyship married, in IS]*, Hcnnr Lord Cowley, whose marriage with Lady Cbarloltc Cadogan had the aatne year been dissolved by Act of 1'ar I lament. Ely her marriage with l.ord Cowley, who died in April IMT, In 1'ariit, the deceased Uily leaven an ouli dauKhler, the wife of t*ir Henry 1- llolwer, our ft ml ■milnr il Corutan-
April IS. At Wigton. Cumberland, aged KG, lira. Helm Cuulluart.
Aug. ST. At Hasipatead Haraball. Newbury, a*cd 7K. the Right Hon. Lmhu. Dowsger Countess of Craven. The deceased wu (with the exception of lady Eaaeil I be bat of the eoroneted lailica formerly eonnecled with the public stage, on wfak-b ahe wu one of (he moat popular favourite* of the day, under her maiden name of Minn Louina Hrnnton. lady Cravcu was the dau. of a gentleman long connected with the theatre at Norwich. Ity the bte Karl of Craven, to whom ahe waa mar- ried in IM'T. ahe hail three norm anil one dan, of whom the present Karl of Craven and hi* yi>ungnt brother are the oulv survivors.
Apnl 14. At llroekhamjiton Park, (■loucmtenihire, aped 7\ Falwsr Cim- icn, ™i . a ikpuiv-lieut. fur the cuon- lie* of Wilt* and lierks. ami a magis- (rate for the counties of Will*, B, rks, ati<l tiioucestcr.
*«f. 14. At Boulogne, Major General Sir Michael Crvajrli. K.U. Tliedecenawl olfi'-rr hail xtn much artire nrrrire in India. Africa, and ihe Wert
upcdill
under Sir David Ibird again.! ol (itHnJ Hope, where he aaa wouniliil in the art ion of the Illne Buurg; 'bat agsiusl the French laland* In 1"IH, d urine which be wu den [-crate It Bounded in the ahonlder at (he attack of the l-tteries l-ef.Te «(. Denis, Me of Ihiurl-oo. In IM7 and IMS ho took part in the Maaralla and the 11a- darcc wan In India, and In the an year he wu engaged In Ceylon. Tho
Amp. 28. At Wobnrn place, Boasell aquare. Elizabeth, widow of Richard Entcourt Crcuwcll, esq., of Pinkney- park, Wilu, and of Bibury Court, Gloucestershire, voungest dan. of (bo lata Rev. C. Coiwell, of Abllngton Houae, la the tame county.
.Vor. 84. Suddenly, aged 80, the Rei. (leorge Crolv, 1,1,1)., Rector of 8L Stephen's, Walbrook.
Thb eminent preacher and man of letter* wu bom in list). In Dublin, la which city bia father wu a physician. Being deatined for the Church" he re-
1 hia education at Trinity C " id took hi. degree* with dbtb Having been ordained, he i appointed to an Iriah curacy ; hat little prospect wu offered of riaing to higher Station, and the performance of Julie* more comprehensive and better anlted to a mind and frame equally capacious and energetic Nearly fifty yean ago, after the deceaae of hia blher, (he fa- mily migrated to London, where Mr. Crolv, diaappoinled with regard to Church preferment, toned hi* atten- tion altogether to aecular literary pur- suits, lie became connected with the newspaper and periodical pre**, and contributed admirable dramatic criti- cisms to the .Vnr Timn. In 1*17 two new publication*. Blark-wodt itaga- :iHeand the l.itmuy (Auefte ilarted, bulb of which (especially toe latter) enjoyed a large share of hb powerful aiid popular writings. In Blackwood, hia "Colonna the I'ainler" crested a strung sensation, and waa followed by a number of miactlbocoui production* from which thi anonyme hu not yet U-rn removed. With the Library Ua- z/llr hi* correspondence wu br mora intimate and continuous. 1'oetry, driticiama, anmy* of every dc*criptioa from hb pen, abound from the very In* year, through many ia ucrraabn, 'eekly la-
in 1MB Mr.Crolya;
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
407
Thomas, on hie relnra to England, tbe aerrlca. Having been nominated Lieut -Colonel Clslaod Cumbcrlege, aide-de-camp general to tbe Etnjjoror H.H.li.'a Cooaul at Tamplco, second A lei under (., on the predion of the •on of Joseph Cnmuerlego, esq., of kingdom of Potted, be ■x* naked ™" and received leave to retire on m-
ooant of hie health. In IDS), at Uw time when Ibe Austrian Cabinet seent- e4 favourably diipeaed towards ibe Poli-h cause, iMnn Conatantine Csnr- tonaki became an active mediator be- tween tbat Cabinet and the lasunoo-
Uunal (lor eminent. Prince Conataatinn *aa at Vienna wbat bla brother la at Paris, tbe protector of the Poliah race, ilia boose waa ever open to bin Poliah compatriots, and he waa the lilieml patron of aildi.tlnguiahed Poliahartieta and men of letters.
I*c in. At IMbonaie Ceaile. en. Edinburgh, aged At, James Andrew Kamaay, Harqacaa of Oalbouaie, and Lord Lwihoiane, of Dalbouale Cattle, and of Ike Punjab, in the peerage of England i Earl of Dalhonaie, and l*rd Hsmaay of DaJbowie and Kertingion, and Lord Ramaay of stelmae In the peerage of Scotland ; K.T. ; I^ord Clerk Regrslersad Keeper of tbe Hig- net in Scotland. Lord Warden of tbo Cinque Porta, ConaUble of Dovtr (Vile, an Elder Brother of tbe Trinity 1U-, ac.
Junn Andrew Broun- Ratnuay, Brat Maruueaa of Dalhoaale. waa bora on the -XtaA of April, ISIS, at Dalboaale Castle, the third aon of the ninth Karl of Dalhoosic, of a family dating with the moat ancient Scollitb nol-lea, and which waa raiacd to the |«eraga In ItilH, when Sir flcorge K>nn; wan ereated lx>rd Hamaav l.y Jamee VI. Ilia aun waa created Earl of Knlbonala
in 1891. With all tbe world betbra him, aa it preaeota Itaelf to the vUtoa of n jounger aon, tbe futnre ataUaman waa arnt to Harrow, and from Harrow pro- ceeded to Christ Chorrh.Oilord. shire in 1C33 be look bla degree witb honours. II* tbedcalh Of hia elder brother the honorary designation of l«rd rUnnwy bad already devolved upoo him. I'mo- ioe from the I'nlvenity the di»tin- guiahed contempornrv of dialinga'ahcd men— for Karl Stanhope. Sir tirorge Lenin, and llr. Uladaione bad taken honour* during hia term of residence, and tbe Eari of Elgiaand Karl Canning In bia year. Lead Kamaay erisad tin Iral opportunity tbat prcarnled Itaelf lo plaagautoaiaaiement.palltiea. lathe ' " " " ' 'InMlw
HoMhnv.
ten ; ears aa Conaul at Tampleo, and died a victim to that unhealthy cli- mate.
(A*. SO, Aged 78, H. Carwea. esq., of Workington Hall, Cumberland, and Bell lolat. Windermere.
April S3. At Vienna, aged 88. Prince Constantino Caartoryaki. Tbla di.tin guiafaed Polish patriot waa l»rn at Warns w In 1773. and waa educated, together with hia elder brother. Prince Allan (now residing In Paris), under the care of diatingniabed maulers. A tour of Europe and a long alay in Eng- land aorved to complete Ihe elocution of Ibe two princes The insurrection headed hj Koactnasho gave the flrat opportunity for the display of their patriotism; and the Kmpreaa Catha- rine having auheeqoenlly confiscated the property of their father, only rein- elated them in their rigbu at the cam- cut aolici tation of the Court of Vienna, nod on condition tbat ihey ahould re aide in St. Pstcnburg in the character of hostages. After having remained until tbe year 17US, In (irodno, with their ancle. King Slnnialaa Aoguatae, they repaired to tbe capital of the em-
Eiro. and were compelled to enter tbe luniaa army lhinna ibe Itevolu- tionary period, they quilled tbe Huaiian eerviee; and when ibe Emperor Kapo- Icod raiacd a 1'uliili legion under Prince
e-i bimnith patriotic ardour, and levied at hia own etpense a regiment of in- fantry, of which be waa eolunel, and • ith "which ho aarvad with distinction against Austria in IMW and In IMS a^jinit Kuaua. Among tbe Various brilliant feala of amia performed by tuii rrgimenl, its conduct at the siege of Siiiulcanko la more particularly quoted The Emperor Napoleon de- corated the brave and intrepid colonel with hn own hand, and nominated him aa omcar of the Legion of Ho
• Pri
( Pot
aentrd him with the Pelteh Cro
for
towski cCaai
B
. ...■■ 4 diatinguiahed — «.—* . ™. „,. Waa cut .bort at the battle of afojalek, where bla burst waa killed under him. nod be hianelf received ao eerinna a n that he aaa forced to leave
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 4W>
Punjab be while Nap
aome fort j folio page*, and U on* of tbs thraldom of red Up*, riling above
the moat remarkable State Papers forma, and directing everything with a
ever penned. Beginning with bin minute *uperlnteodgnce that nothing
foreign policy and the wan to wbleb could eaeape. In earning oat then*
he waa compelled, be giro* an account multiplied plana he made Mnuelf to a
of bin conqoeaU. Prom cnaqueat he certain extent independent of bla nb-
- inexatlon, and ordinatM; he did their work, be waa a that be hi
Of th< Quee .
io leaa than four great kingdom*, be- one of the neeeaaary evil* o<
■idea a number of minor principal i tie*. wamaaL He waa a king In the *en*e Of the (bar kingdom*, Pegu and the which Mr. Carijle admire*— one who ' b belong to the Hit of conqocata; acta for himaelf and who cornea directly Kagpore and Undo belong to lb* Into contact with the governed. Ca- rina* of annexation*, to which elaal happily, the Eari'a eonatitntloo, never muat l>e adilcd Ihc acquisition of Rat- atrong, completely broke down under lara, Jhanat, and Bcrar. It waa leas, thla exec** of labour. H« went to the however, to the acquisition of new tor- mountain* for health, bat found It not. rilorr that he looked with pride than He had, In Infill, aent bit wire home to the meana which be adopted for de- alao in had health ; bat ebe died on the reloplng ihe reeoareee of the country homeward voyage, and the firat Intlrsa- and Improving the admlniauaUon of tion be bad of bar death wn* from the the Government. He could point to acwaboya ahoaUng the announcement railway* planned on an cnormoun In the atreeta of Calcutta. It waa a acale, and partly commenced; to 4IHM dreadful ahock, and ere long It aeemed mile* of electric telegraph apread onr doubtful whether he himaelf aaonM India, al an capeuae of lllllemore than auirlve ihe fatigue of a voyage borne, tUU. a-mile; to HiUMt mile, of road, or whether ha might not even die be- bridged and mettled nearly the whole fore the arrival of hia ancceanor. It waa dialanee from Calcutta to Peahawiir; at thta moment, when Lord Duibouaie'a to the opening of the llangea Canal, health waa Inadequate to the reaponai- the larreat of ihe kiwi in the blliiiea he had created for himaelf, that world; to the prosrra* of the l*unjen the home authorities announced their Canal, and of many other important policy of the deposition of the King of work* of irrigation all orcr India: aa (Hide and the annexation of hia king- well aa to the reurgammion of an dom. The policy of thla proceeding omrial department of public work*, ban been questioned by the highest Keeping equal pace with these public authoritica-tujuaticeatill more. But wurk», be could refer to the postal ay a- whether politic or unwise, juat or ini- tern which he introduced In imitation quitoos, no more difficult taak ha* ever of tLat of ttowlaad Hill, whereby a let- been undertaken in India. The integ- er from I'eabawur to Cape Comorln, or rity of the Oude sovereignty waa nn- frwa Aaan to Kumchee, is now con. broken, there waa a lawful 'Sovereign veyed for (d-, or 1-lflih of the old and a recognised Court, a numerooa, charge; to the improved training or- proud, and warlike nobility, n brave darned for the civil aervicc, covenanted i-eople, a country ntrong bv nature, and uneovenanWd ; to the Improve- and covered with feudal eaatW a rich nirnt of education and prison diaci. treaaury. a large and not undisciplined
[•line; to the organlmtionof the Isrgba- army. If met were the strengths of
aiire Council ; to the reform* which It the Undo Sovereign at home, be had n
bail decreed, aoeh a* permitting Hindoo greater alreagth In the army of hi* fee,
widow* to marry again, and relieving for the Native army of Bengal waa
all prreuna from the rtak of forfeiting chiefly recruited from the youth of
property by a change of religion. Thee* Oude. The Native princea, "mi. lineal
are bat a fow of the Incident, of hia ad- aghaat at the magnitude of the bfcrtr
miniatration ; and. knowing how much and of the crime. l,ord lkalhowat* wan
they were due to bla own Intelligence entitled to transfer to hi* ninmil the
and' energy, be might well regard them eieention *f the dangsrva* project and
wiih pride. There la, perhaps, non* af all the obloquy ihnl meat attend It,
oar liting * talesmen who nave succeed Bat h* Mt that the taak, pariloa* rn
ed to entirely in breaking away fraan the moat experienced hand*, bmH at-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 411
DEATHS.
capital. Thie gained klm the cwldrae* In the mi bo in preparing far the
or Louia XVlTl., who continued him in IhtmIoo of England in the early put
offico : but being a really bonnet, mode- of tbe century, and ■nggoutnd that, In
mm man, ho nnuanni cbeuafoua to the IW erenl of mtlofaninrj aervko, Ibe
vehement pertieaaa on balk eldee. He, old domain of Krerann In Normandy,
huworer, kept klo place near tko king, from which the family took lie nam*,
and was audi a poor, la 18)8 ho re- ahoald bo raporcliaaod far kin, aod
eigaed lb* portfolio of polio*, and thai ko abooU bo created a Count of
became alinlater of tko laUrior. and tko Empire. Tbia offer wr* | il
eventually Preeldeat of the Coaneil ; upon him by the Kmperor la a peroneal
hat the kins, tieinf obliged to part Inlairiow, and waa Irmly reraeed, to
with him, it. Decasea waa ami fort tat NapoUoaa no email wrath. The
time ai ambaawdor to KuKland. In principal later event of John D'Ere- 18X1 he returned, and took a compi
a [Jacc la the Chamber of Peer*, out to Sooth America the Iriaa Legion, re bo took part In the oppoaitloa to which awaatod Bolivar In oonqaorfnc unwiae proceeding! of Ubarka X. tbe independenoe of the South Ameri-
minictere, though he waa oan rermblio*. .The later dimitm of
greatly anVctcd by their aobaeqoent asme of then* cantmanitk* bate ob-
overtorow. Ho, however, returned to Beared the noolloetlon of the on lb a -
tbe Chamber of Peera aftor a time, alaam wUah greeted tkotr birth, evinced
and continued an active member antll alike In Ike rhelorio of Canning', and
the HcTolulioa of 1848 drove hint into In the sympathy of the general liberal
prime life, and ho look no port In public., what the Engilahnun Oayon
wiborqncnt errata. He akw roeolrod waa to the anouecoaafal Hungarian In-
from the King of Denmark tow title of aurreeiion of 1848-48, John lJ'Ererwu
the Uukt of Uluckehorrr- *u U turn* eort to Veaenela and
fro IS. In Hrrtfurd-at. May-fair, Nuava Oranndn In 18S0 and the en-
aired Hi, John ITBveroui, eoq , a lien- nulngyeara. At the dateof hladonoaot.
icnajn-generml in the armlet of too- ho waa the aaalor I lea tenant general of
Kepobliee of Veoeanela and New tbeae republlca, and in the nominal
Uraaad*. The deeeaaod soldier be- receipt of n eoaaiderable ponalon from
longed to a atalo of thing* of which them.
few relic* are now left He repreaented A'or. 14. At Hllchln Priory, aged ST,
one of tbe oldest and nvoat indiaputably Seymour Walter Uolm^Radciine. Com-
Nomiaa familioe la thoat Stlenda. Ilia maader In the Rural Nary, eldcat eon
breach, the eMeal of the IlInMl, of Fred. Peier Delate- Kvlclifre. eoq.
bad been eeUled Tor many cnturiea ltd. 6. Ai Woolwicb, ae-ed 55,Cb*rlea
upon the family oalats in Wexford, Dcmpeey, eeq., lupector-Uenaral of
• hen the rebellion of 17M broke out. Hoapitala,
That movement waa. far more than ia tie/4. SO. In the Quota* Priaon,
generally understood, guided and pro- where be bad boon eouunad four yuan,
uotod by tbe old Iriaa avtalocfaew of Sir Praacta Deaangae, knL, formerly
all race*; and among tkoaa who look Sheriff of London and Middleeex, and
part In It «•*• young [l'ETeieui. who, abo of Uifurdahlr*.
at the rery eariy age of eighteen, bad Jam IS. At Pari*, aged 81, Admiral
the command uf a divinion in the rebel Paraeral IXwchonea. The deeaaoed
army, (.hi the failure of the rialag, entered the nary In 1804, waa In the
1' Kreruui made hi* Hibniauon to the Buaawunwtw at the bottle of Trafalgar,
Corerament. and, through the influence and escaped by miracle In the deatruo-
or Lord Cornwall!*, the then Lord- lion of that Tcaatl. In 1890 he com-
Lieutenant, rocwired a free pardon and maadod the KnryU In the captur* at*
rrmiaaiea of all forfeiture*, upon the Algiora. In 18X1 ha took port ia tko
■fir condition of remaining abroad for expedition egainet Koaaa, tbe occupation
K>mt reara. Tbla condition waa com- of the 1.1* of Martin Unreia, and alcga
plied with, and the trantawamt be bad of Saint Juan d'l.'lloa. H* ■Hiluaal
recciied enneorted the entbualaalM the grade of Rear-Admlrel is 1840.
reM into a rwaelutuiy loyal aobjoet. Vioa-Admiral In 1848, and a ■
Tina attachment waa aUueurly marfcod of inn Conaail of Um /■*— -
when the Kmperor Napoleon oflerod 1881. In 1884. m« —
Mr. DKrereoi a a^r»«rnlaen1nnl^nr■- -— -■- J— '-
mlmian French nana
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 413
DKATHfl. Hot. 2Srd, 1841; mkI Major-Geo., Not. hanged by Archibald Iloojrlae, who
* 81r William Cochrane, of Cowden,
Torwood. The deceased w
balentaabJccUofBcoUaDdia 1841, and Major-Men. Thomas Onndai and Ladj by hla exertion* effected a temporary Helena, dan. of the Earl of Home. He reconciliation. Charles created bin a
attended the Military College at Mar lew, and, dnrlnf the Penimular war, ■erred aa emljru in the SJud U^ht In- fantry, lie afterwardi joined the lit Koyal Dragooni aa lieutenant, and aoli-
baron by the style of Lord Cochm Cowden, in the mm year; but the patent waa not published until 1<HT, and he la there styled Lord Cochrane of Ihiudonald. Dnrlng the civil w
I Sib II o.
fie marched into Fn
with the army of occupation, bnt almoat lljrnity.
I by Cromwell GOOOt for bti ma-
itnmcil lately returned home, in he married Charlotte Anna, dan. of Joseph llooltbee. esq , of Springfield House, Warwick. (In the breaking out of the war the ant year he rejoined ' « regiment, and in I8I1J retired
t the Restoration, hie ser-
Tieea and sufferings were recofniaed by Charlea the Second, by hla elevation to the earldom of Duiidoaald, and the gift of considerable placca and omoIb- menta. A second mo of this worthy joined in Argyll'! Insurrection against
half pay. with tbe rank of major, and Jamea the Seeond, and escaped then
was snhaeqaenll* sdrsneed to tbe rank sequences only by tbepaymcnl of anna
of lieutenant -colonel, or bribe of sooiif. The deceased Ad-
iMiJkt 30 At Kensington, aged M, mlral waa deacended from thia aon. the Right Honourable Thorns* C'ovh- Lord Cochrane, (for by hla courtesy - nne. Earl of Dandonald. Baron ('orb' title, and not bv hla earldom, bia rane of Paisley and Ochiltree, allaruncl name it a household word i" of Scotland and N'ora Soolia. Admiral the English race ii spread) a or the Ked, Hear- Admiral id the Initcd on the 14th December, 1T75. at Anns- Kingdom, Q.C.H.. (Irand Crow of the field. Lanarkibire, the eldeat eon of Imperial Brazilian "rdei of ibeCrairro, Archibald, ninth EaH of I'uodonald. Knight of the Hon! (Inter of the Kc- by Anne, second daughter of Jamea decmer of (Ireece, and of the Order of lillchrlst, a diatiugolabrd captain in tbe Merit of Chili.
nial families of Scotland from a very forfeit area, fines, and waste of hia pre~
rrmole period, and liad extensive pun- Mwinna in Itrnfre wall ire. At the head of the race in the fifteenth century waa Hubert Cochrane, ■ man who ncen» to hate deroled himself trj decant pur mi ii* to a degree far lievond the idea* of irdcdofhiB '
decrasors, were reduced almoat la nothing by the genius of the ninth earl, lie had an unfortunate talent for inreutions. which proved In the end more fatal to hi* famlli than all the miaealrslaled poll lie. of nil ancce- of arcat srientiBe
In 145rt.be surrendered hi* ralatea to hia acquirementa, quick observation, and
cldnt son. In order that he might devote fertile mind, and nude or augx-eeled
binuelf. without distraction, to tbe many discoveries which, having alnre
study of arrhiteeture. Thii accom- benefited posterity, served only to
pliahed noble Imnc the favourite and baiten hia own rain. Among other
minuter of Jamea HI., and exercised experiments, the Earl discovered thai
hi much pnwer aa to eadlethe jealonrr coal, treated in a particular maoner
uf the rude nobility against himself by heat, gare forth an Inflammable
|a horn they contempt aoealy styled gaa. which, bdagcanaed to paaa throitgh
"the maann rhicl "1 and hla Boaster, a tabs, and lighted at one extremity,
Tbe mult waa a eonapiracr, in coon* prod aead a conllnaooa lame, with great
of which, Cochrane tailing accidentally III amlnallng power. He actually ap-
inlo tbe power of hi* enemies, waa plied that dlaeorery to threw a light
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 41S
eccentric exhibition of bia prejudice quarter ra aadly mlemanagml Be-
■fiiut the good* mad ehettele of hi* tweea Lord Si. Ylaceat ud Lord
Bubordinale, lb* lieutenant looked out Keith tneFrwach and&peaieheqaadrona
for on opportunity of Inflicting ■ little were many turn au flared to ••cape,
pcnoul puniehmeut. Thia, honever, when ■ little pfaanpUlude and deeunoa
waa not qui to to ewj ; md« obeerranca would bar* ectarwd their dautrucUon.
waa uecaaaary lowarda the captain'* Keeerthelaa*. gnat thing* vera done,
relative, who m, boaidea. alx foot high, despite ih* inactivity of the ehfafc. by
and a lord. It la not unlikely that ihe their reelicaa aabordlnatee; bat it la
obnoiiooa mid waa alee an attentive alngalar to flnd N*l*aa, in a
tad spirited cancer. The Uaulcaaat and Cochran*,* jai
could flnd no opening for panlshiuanl, chafing on the bit t ._
bat be relieved btnuelf by a double Impaler* to gkrioua action. Melon n. allowance of •■taring. At length the unconeciooily, afforded Cochrane a chance eaaia ; the young lord wne nuat- etcp— he bad captured the Bwerwar, 74, beaded and kept aluli lo the utmoel and .Cochrane waa appelated her priaa- limli of human endurance. Tula euf- muter. Ilia crew was scanty in num- ficed ; Jack «aa aatlaficri, and thereafter ber, and miserable In efficiency ; tho admitted the midshipman to hia grimy priae a rigging waa badly eat op and Eat our. dangeroaa. In this precarious atala The early jeara of Lord Cochrane'! the priae waa caught la a gala of wind, terries pant be rapidly paaaed over, the maata end apara ware in (he nlmo.1 The teachings of Jack Larmoor bad danger, none of tte craw could be in- made him excellent in mauy poiuta of duecd to go aloft, nnd In* peril waa practice which aftcrwarda atood him Imminent. Bat there were two eplrila good atead. Ilia uncle waa aa able on board lo whom danger and disVsJty officer, and lbs war with the French were things made only to lie mead and Convention kept the game alive. From overcome. Lord Cochrane! brother the llimd. Captain Cochrane waa trana- Archibald bad alao entered the nary, fcrred lo a flner frigate, the TktUt, aad waa serving ia the V«™ f.%>vio«e ; ordered to the North American station, be bad been permitted to accompany and look hia nephew with him. In hia brother on board the prise. Than* January, 17M, Admiral Murray gar* two aacended the quivering rigging, n the noble midahipmau aa order aa Tew of the better eaamea followed, the acting third -lieu tenant of the ThtlU. mainsail waa furled, and the Grmrrmt It ana bat cigbtcen monlba aince brought uninjured Into Port Macon. Jack Larmour had ao vbinaieally The fortunate accident which perhapa Tinted hie diaguat at Ihe rhest of the eared the ahip, perhapa aleo eared the new comer; but auch had been the officers' liven. While they were absent, diligence of the youth that there waa the y*m Ckaitotte look Are at Leg- no doubt of hia competency to 611 the born, and waa totally deatrojrd J the rank to which hia uncle's patronage and captain, four lieutenant*, the marina bi* own title bad promoted him. In a officer, aurgoen, upward* of twenty abort time be waa, on the reuulaltion of nuater*. malaa, nnd petty officers, and the captain, appointed lo the A/riot, IIOO men pcriabed. and hia cummimiou waa confirmed. Lord Cochrane'a gallantry la the O*- lieutenant LordCochranceooa rejoined nrrtux waa ao wall appreciated far the hia unele'a ahip, but waa aa quickly Admiral, that b* recommended him far transferred to the ArxVufiua, the lag- promotion, and la Ihe meanwhile *p- ■hip of Admiral Yandepnt, who bad pointed him la Her Majesty a maa-of- ■arcceded Admiral Murray. Alter re- war the S/mdg. Tbia raaael waa a bar- maming fire yean on lb* North loaqne on a ahip of war, area aa ahlpa American elation, the Tartu relumed of war ware at that day. Her nam* l.> England. In the aammer of 1TM, might hare barn giren in deriaioa ; aha Lunl I'ochraae waa again afloat, earring waa the eUa of a taaatlng brig ; ahe waa under Lord Keith In the Mediterranean, crowded rather than manned by a crew in the Harinr, and afterward* in the of eighty four Men and ail nffiinm. mil ("WiofM, According lo Ihe ber armament co asset ad of f — '
opinion* pal forth by the hail of Dun- 4 pounder*— a gun aa Urge, hot ait aa ilonald, in hia " AetuUography of a handy, a* a blaadcrbaaa. The aosn- Bcaman," .the naval eampaign in thai amamira eahU hj an example *f thin
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 417
DUtHa
BBMntnrnUj. BaapocUng that the ob- this position returned our broadside, jeet ni to decoy w within reach of such m it was. To ha** And our pop- some larger rani, we riuM oat one nn 4 -pounders al e 11 farts mm would of Ibem and made at her, ihe others, have bean to ban thrown away the in however, supporting her aa veil that, monition; bat the run* being doubly, eomo of oar rigging being (hot sway, and, aa I afterwards learned, trebly we Hade off ahoro to repair, the gnn- ahottad, and being derated, they told boata following. Hiring thai got them admirably apon bar main desk; the to soroe distance, and repaired damages, Bnt discharge, a we ail all mil, and again ran In abort, ascertained, killing the Spanish a ia the hope of getting between then and (he boatswain. Mv reaao and (he land, ao aa to cut off aome locking our small craft in the enemy ■ of their number. Perceiving our In- rigging waa the one upon which I too lion, thej all made for the port a* mainly relied for victory, namely, thai before, keeping up a smart fight, lu from the height of the frigate out of which our foretopgallant-vard waa ao the water, the whole of bar ahol must much injured, that we bad bo shift it, necessarily go over oar heads, whilst and vara thus left astern. The re- our guns being elevated, would blow ap mainder of the day was employed in her main deck. The Spaniards speedily repairing damages, and the gun boats found out the disadvantage under which ' i out again, at 9 r.K. we vhey were fighting, and gave the order ff ahore. Convinced that to board tbo Sptdy. Bnt aathia order i than ordinary bad waa aa distinctly heard by at as by actuated the gun-boats to decoy us, them, we avoided [1 at the moment of jost before daylight on the oih, we execution by aheering off enmciently t* again ran in for Barcelona, when the prevent the movement, giving them a trap manifested itself In the form of a volley of musketry and a broadside large ship running under Ihe land, and before thej could recover ihemseliea. beerlng E.S.K. On hauling towards Twice waa thht menoenvra repeated, her, aba changed her course in cbace of and twice Urns averted. The Spaniarda as, and waa shortly made out to be a finding that they were only punishing Spanish xebec frigate. As some of my thcmeelvea, gave up further attempt* oBeerane/ * *- -*
not venturing ou again made off a)
aelistsctioa _. not having been permitted to attach the frigate fallen In with on the 21st of December, after her suspicions had been lulled by our device of hoisting Danish colours, Ac, I told tbem they should now have a fair fight, uolwiih- standing that, by manning the two prises sent to Man on. our numbers had been reduced to fifty-four— officers and boys included. Orders were then given
to pips all bands, and prepare for taken. In which .... action. Accordingly we made towards would give no quarter -whilst ■ the frigate, which waa now coming minutes energetically employed U9-KI1.S., their pan would decide the
to board, and stood to their guns, which were cutting ap our rigging from item to ab.ni, but doing littler further damage ; for after the ranee ef an hour the loas to the Spndf waa only two men killed and four wounded. This kind of combat, however, could not last. Our rigging being cat ap and the St*tdf* aula riddled with shot, I told tbo men that they meat either take the frigate at " *
she tired a gnn, and hoisted Spanish
f own favour. The doctor, Hr.
colours. • hj en Ihe o>™i» acknowledged (lutbrie, who, I am happy to say, is by hoisting American colours, our ob- still living to peruse this record of bla jeel being, aa we wet* now exposed to gallantry, toI on leered to lake the helm; her full broadside, to puule bcr, till we leaving him therefore for the time both got on the other tack, when we ran up eon mender and crew of the £/**■>, the Kngliah ensign, and immediately the order waa given to board, and in a afterwards encountered her broadside few seconds every man was on the without damage. Shortly afterward* enemy a deck— a teal rendered the more •■----, placed Um&aeaW isdnrJnhtaatmt log
without effect. My order* were, not to fire a gun till we were close to her: when, running under her lee, wa locked
sngaidewtthai
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DKAfHS.
419
would drift krm lb* Channel; ah* ii* Ibis anchored Ddtil the lid* turned. and would than drill back. Cochran* officially Informed tba Admiralty that bi* Ttancl waa unfit for tba aarrlce. Ha waa. in conaequance, aant to eniiae lo wiaely fur Ihemeclrea bad liey aecarad tba North Sea to protect tba fiaheriea ;
vtea an offlcar of tba
oewMMef promotion for htmaalf and fol lower*, employment, and tba oppoi nit j of exceeding bit peat dee Mind eren in Iheir generation, hi* i|ueaU vara refined. Thar bad dona wiarljr - . . . .1
i heir p
crulaing ground no eblpa
o by aandini
>r whan ha would bar* been etar naked, and there ware no naheriea
oat of bnrm'i way to them, and only to protect I He waa. ia fact, aeat oat
porniclou to tba enemy. The navy at of tba waj. Tbia blank In Cochrane*
that Una waa ono taat atnk of abnaea; life, natural and profeaalonal. Lasted
and the raatleaa and ill-ueed officer pro- about fourteen month*, and then then
bablyitirredup tbe rile meat in a moat iu a favourable change. Lord Bt.
unpleaaant manner. What reaulU to Vincent left the Admiralty, and waa
hlmoalf and to the nation bia i-arrgj aueceedeil by a Scotchman, an able
might havo r fleeted remain unde- man. Lord llelTillo. Th* I hi to of Ha-
relupod ; fur, finding Ibat he had no mi I ton. a connection of tba Cochrane*,
chance of employment, Cochrane re- pteaead hi* gallant countryman * claim*, mambaicd hi* defective education, and ........
with a modcaty and aoundncae of judg- nut that cannot ba loo highly appra> elated, ho pal binwlf to ecbool I He entered binuclf at the College of Edin- _
burgh, and at Ibat Inititutlon. then off tba Waatern 1 eland*, eipreaaly to
ruled by prufcaaon of the hlgheml ami- glee bar captain the chance of capturing
Man- Uugald Stee*rt among Ihem — a few rich prima to compeoaate hi*
he devoted bimaelf to interne iludy. wretched uila to the North Sea*, Loch-
The progrna an Intellect ao acute, ao nna fitted hi* ahip with the utmoat
judicial, aided by a will ao atnng, could apeod ; but the aeamen bad been ao
make in a abort lime, cannot lie mea- disheartened by hie Umn rruie* to
lured. It ia probable that hia practical the Konh. that ibey would not join,
uwulliea 'era *ir*ugtbened a hundred- and for the Aral and only time ir "~
fold by lb* aaaimilaliun of that moral and acieatlnc learning which atudy offered lu bia apprchrniion.
Tlii* eonnc of *ludy wa* broken by the rupture of the peace of Aniiena in law3. Cochrane arked for a ahip. Thing* lud not much mended at the Admiralty, Karl til. Vincent wa* now at iu bead, tie waa an upright man. but he waa offended at tbe dictatorial manner in which Cochrane, and. alill more, Cochrane'* friend*, preuard hi* claim*: and old f«c* remained. Il waa only after a keen rontcit thai Cochrane
Coehraue bad recount* to a pro*- trace- llnce at tea. the old enterpria* brought back the old luek. lie waa working up fommf* bi* nation when ho captured a raluable ihip from lb* llavaunab to Cadli— *be waa part of n convoy: a few hour* afterward* another, ■till richer, wan taken ; and two day* after, a third, tbe rieheet of all; too neit day a lclter-of-marque. with mora "" arrival of iheaa priae* at
ick., -, »•»
to htmtclf a "couracr of watcra." h* maat-bcadel A leee-eateemed j-art of
baati-ni-d to take the command. To bi* tbe prlie ware aome bale* of 1'apai
MioniabuiL-nt be waa abown an old col- bull*, diipennulon*. ke.
lier. recently purchased into the aarriee, Th* dullara that rcanlted from tbe
ttrippcd to her nha t tin* wa* com- capture* of ten day*, launched the for-
pk-icd fur the moat part aitb old timber tuoat* commander on a new career.
Iruui broken up teaoela. In tbia die- When th* failai followed her priaaa
graceful embarcatiuo Cochrane waa aeat into port, th* country wna on the an
to u»Lii thr Boulogne nolilla. Tbo of a general election. Cochrane aeUetad
tym-.f* bad belied ber name, hut ah* the Immaculate borough of Honilon far could aul a litil*; to* -tral eoald not Ball at aJL With th* wind abaft ah*
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 421
Diun
whether in hk harangue* to the people the Fww* armies along th* coast
or hk apeecbea and oonduet in Per- road* *o arrectnelly, that months of
lismeut, thn hk intrepidity did on precious time ud many reliant Htm
the bosom of the ocean, or the abore* wsro expanded in install nifliii mi
of tbe enemy." • In hk piece In Per- road* inland. One oonaUarabi* French
llament Cochrane fully realised the force m as taorongblr baffled by (ha
nwndhloks. of the past. He showed lire of Urn Impwimm from the oea, and
hlnuelf m enterprising, a* psncTcring, of the guerilU* from the bilk, that the
and m formidable to (ho Hrnestrj u fa* oolumn. decimated, exhwaHd, and dh>
had dose at m is the fee. He had plrited, brake aad retreated, aad the
brought forward two motion* in aine- eol—ader, not daring to free hta
• Mires and tana) abuses, when it was general, blew ont hk brains. The
thought innBiiiy to cnt ahart hi* fceroie defence of Fort Trinidad bj
Parliamentary career- Then was bat Cochrane and a party of hk taarinea
ee>e naytoelfonoe the Knator, and that long retarded the frll of the town and
la by calling Into action hta auperlor cattle of Bomb, and was the o
lanafoer. With bitter distaste great lea to I'
dutyai
i French. The aar.
o reap fraah boaouiu and produced the greatest effect on I
power. The Imptrieum n* sent to campaign in the sooth of Spain, aad
crake In the Mediterranean. The per- added fresh lustre to hk reputation ;
■dloni Miiore of the Royal family of bol the Hlaistry aad the Admiralty
Spain and the occupation of their coon- had no praam far their energetic ether.
SbytbeFrencb, hsdauddenlyeOBTOrt- When, afteraglorloBacruino of eighteen
tbe Spaniarde from obeeqsiona allies months, hk chip waa paid A, hk
to deadly foes ; and the Engliah were reward waa the remark (hat ha had
now engaged in liberating the nation " expended more aelle, stores, gun-
Ihey had jut before been fighting and powder, and shot, than bad been need
Blundering. Cochrane'* duty was to by any other captain In the acrrice."
harem the French on their own coast, lie itnmeaae effect produced by hk
slag]* frigate In paralysing th* enemy'*
form *truck him ao powerfully, that he
thought that were he Intrusted with
direction of an adequate eanadron
t of Bnaii .
he perform the duty. tie swept toe eea of their craft; he cleaned oat erery harbour; he caught
innumerable gun-boata; he destroyed of email erukera, and permitted batteries, sign*] poet*, and tower*; ten* take pomasajon. of the French '-'- of lliiiamiula of aoldicn rtood to their arm* along their abort*, and were ren- dered unaTaiiabla for their Emperor*!
ampalgna. On
In the Bay of Biscay, be eoold keep tbe French eeaboard in each a Mate of alarm, that the French armies moot of
rt of Spain he neceesity stay at homo to guard their
relieved beleaguered town*, captured own town*. He had written to ■
Government nt for him (or purpoMa of their own. A great plan had bsan The actions of lorrt Cochrane •ubmitted to them ; but though there had been heads oanableof conceirlnga bold design, none of tbe aarsl officers to whom it wa* prapoaed had th* con* age to aadertake Its execution. A krgs French Beat, secured by powerful bet- Uriee and a boom. Uy blockaded in the Bs»«,oa Bands, and it m thoaght thoy
throagheut bk career were ao
r" -noo*ly public that the roll Annual Jfeytafer afford B for * biography slmoat complete. Tbk will make It poaalbte to nmimn into a few page* th* bktory of a life crowded with •cirprkiag Incident* : for not only
em each herole deed be read in these might be deetreyad w
unshaken hand. Lord
me* In all lla particular*, and oe- eupiiag lU proper place la th* amo- ral ihmiiT of erenla, bat the nerrailreu, beinc writlon nnrotucioa* of th* fntsre, present tba most rlrid pletarea eon- ceirsblc of the faeiiag* aad opinions of acquired by shady. Bathe (he people of that day. undertake the uses- Lord
bunched by ■
Une>mawaawanmmmn*awnna*nMpracM- cabl*. and resdily anpplkd a plan oaf-
— — wtr--*— •— — .- ^-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICtE. 428
DRATHS.
Thanks to Lord Gambler, Lord Coch toil, he allowed himself to be arretted
rue, and the officer* and seamen, on an illegal warrant by an Illegal
Cochrane refuted to be Included, and officer. The captive dictated the term*
opposed the Vote with Intense «- of hit captivity, held oat until the
hemence. The Ministry endeavoured Court became alarmed at detaining the
to bu j him off. The; offered him the member lor Westminster from hit teat
command of an Independent squadron In the Home, and made overture* of
and a regiment, Cochrane waa inflcx- peace; Cochrane rejected them, and
ible: and though the Votowa* carried, made hU escape. Lord Gambler ih eonitralned to de- Soon alter his return to England,
mand a court-martial. If all that hai Lord Cochrane communicated to the
*ine« been said li tnie, Ihe political Frlncc Regent a tremendous aecret— a
turpitude of thote daja waa frightful, meani of warfare so destructive that Ihe souls of the Committee who were en trotted with the liuiuirv abranh IVom It. Through all the riclwltude* of hia subsequent career Lord Cochrane locked
_. , the aecret in his own bosom. He waa
captain* wbo were unfavourable resolved that If It were to be divulged
were kept out of the waj. Theauihcn. at all, it should be divulged for the
tie chart* actually In the possession of benefit of England only. In 1810,
Ihe Admiralty were suppressed, and when a war with Prance teemed In-
chnrt* known to be useless wore pro- cvliable, the secret plana were lub.
dnced, and that chart on which the de- mittcd to another communion of the
rislon of the Court profeaacd to lm three moat eminent Engineeta of the
founded waa — Lord Cochrane assert a in time; and they also, aa their prede-
bliA HtMngniplkg— cipreaf I r fabricated eeasora had done, were unanimously of
for the occasion, t'ndcr such circum- opinion that the adoption or the pro-
ataucea there could be but one result, posed plana " would not accord with
UatublcT waa acquitted. Another cir- the feelings and principle* of elvillied
cumstance la alleged, of incredible baae- warfare. " And for the tame reason
neaa. In the first despatch of Lord their employment against Aebaetopol
Oambler, the Admiral spoke of Coch- and Cronttadl during the recent Bua-
Thfi court martial was a packed tri-
bttnal, the witneMe* summoned
either oAcera wbo had not been w who had already expressed
rant's conduct In the terms It had » nobly deterred. The Hoard of Admi- ralty directed Lord (laml.lcr lo make • k Accordingly
In 1813 Lord Cochrane married. This Important event waa characterised
ranc. who Lad acquired a Urge fortune in India, and who bad designated hia Seeing that nothing wa» lo be hoped gallant nephew hla heir, wished him to from a Ministry to eLuui be had made marrv a lady whose great fortune would himself m utterly ubnoiluua. Lord bare restored the family to prosperity. Cochrane turned hla assaults upon the Lord Cochrane not only refuted, but monition* abases which then existed married a lady of respectable family, In naval administration ; and not con- but no fortune, hut who In every other tent with Ih* encounter of so terrible a respect waa worthy of hia choice, foe a* the British Hoard of Admiralty. Ills uncle disinherited him, and abas- he attacked the Maltese Admiralty doned hia cause to his adreraariea Court, of Ih* equity of whose proceed- l"arl lame alary yew of ISIS waa
nhervul powen, and wai
npp.it! of Ihe Admiralty
of the Administration. Tim
d many Uinislrr wen eiaaperatcd lo the hlgb-
of the eat pitch, and an opportnoity offered
ie;but Itself, en which they eagerly seised,
lis it'iatneaa nan wen to mismanaged and paasWd on their revtcg* wflfcMt
thai it waa illegally constituted. Of tempi* or reman*. TV* subject In *
this Cochrane took as moch advantage painful cat, and dlmealt to t*U 1st a
a* If be had been attacking a Spanish abort eompssst; bet there Uaaaerlab- gnlleon on the •**■ After a hitler eon-
■t eompssst; btrl than hna-art *o- -1 dm ' — swat. 1 sfttubM
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DSATHS.
425
mrcowd nl clearly proved, the circum- stance* which would Involve the com- plicity of Lord Cochrane were inferen- timl merely, were weakly (opported by evidence, that the caw ni pressed un- fairly againit bin by the connMl for the pwfUofc and mismanaged by bituaclf and coonael ; that Lord Kllen- borougb Iwithout charging against him any corrupt motive 1b the eierciae of bii judicial function*) no rnleil the pro- teediag*, and anmmed np the evidence in inch terms, a* to sccurca conviction.* The gnilt of the other panic* we* clearly proved, the transaction in inch m to admit of any number of confede- rate* and any degree of guilty know-
ledge: and (he jury wcre.pcrhapi,unablc wcond to none In lagaeKy and «
to separate paitie* who had been allied honour. Kir Fraud* Harriett wal alao in ao many transact inn a. The mult one — a man who, however extreme hi* wna a verdict of guilty again*! the radicalism, and however hound by telf- wbole. The sentence on Cochrane wn* Inlemt to aupport hi* colleague, wna thai he pay a fine of cIinio, be Im. far too high-minded lo rapport what he priaoued in the Marahalan twelve thought to be wrong. The elector* of
from tbo Knighthood of the Bath (hi* banner wna "kicked oat of the chapel, according lo ancient form, by the king et-*nns*"), and expelled the Hotue of Common* by a majority of 140 to da— after n debate. In which Lord Cochrane, who had mad* a daring escape from hi* prieon and appeared in hi* place in lb* House, vu permitted lo nuke a statement in de- fence. In the minority an lo be found the name* of *ucb men aa Joacpb But- tcrwortb, Lord Kbringtoo (now Karl r,ortc*ci;c).CbaiiraQrant,aen-, J. Lamb- ton (Karl of Durham), Lord Nugent, I -old William Kiuaell, the Marquis of Tavbitock, and Samuel Whit bread, nun
nontax, t
re of the «
c opinion ;
before the Royal Kxchangv. The din- dared to offer hlnuelf in opposition
graceful part of ibia aenlcnee *a* r
Lord Cochrane, and he regained hi*
milted ; indeed, the popular feeling In seat In 1'arliamcnt, though convicted favnar of Lord Cochrane wta eo strong and a primmer. At the tine, and In that the Ministry dared not put it in aut-*equent year*, 1-ord Cochrane made execution, and their object waa belter the mni frantic efforta to ihow that thin nuin upon hla honour had been inflicted without ground*. Hi* moat intimate friend*, wboknew beat hi* ac- re able lo lion* and tbe motive* that had actuated ral ennse- bi» conduct, were perauaded of bii Inuo- ■ordi'och- eence; hi* counsel, 1-ord Hrongham, degraded "a*, and i*. firmly convinced of hla innocence . Lord Campbell waa, and la, of the name conviction, and even says, in hi* "Live* of the Chief Juliet*," thai thla (rial caused "inch uneasy reSec-
than by an actual enforcement of tbo sentence. There were, however, punish- menu which the Ministry were able to ibflicl with safety a* I" quencc* of the ronvie rune waa dismissed th
• The charge* raised against Lord KllenboruiiBh by l-ord Cochrane and hi* friend* are uf a moot damnatory diameter. In calmer lime*. some of Ibeav hate hern disavowed: r.'J. Isord Hruugham »u» uluii> that the l-ord L'hi-I Justice "tried the cause a* be wuuld bate tried any o'her in which he tliuiiuht there *a* conflicting evidence. I
tions In l.ord Ellen boro
orongh'a mind, a*
ive hastened hla
end." Urd Chief Juaiire Ablngerwas
likewise ronvinced of Lord Cochrane**
Innocence.
With the catastrophe of hi* eon- fiction H<»e» hi* A Mlnbinyraplm, a ink he w*ewr»ng in the upinioaabe work of more riciting intrmt than hail formed. l«il hnneilly wruog:" and any naval fiction that has been ima- tbc accueatt-in that 1-onl Kllenl«rougb glned. The very nature nf lueh a ■ is ■ raemUr of the Ministry which work I* to be egotMlle j but beneath ordered tbe prosecution, and that he the intentional namtiie or hla own came down from the Cabinet to prcaide dee.)*, there lie* a sulutralum of at tbe trial, la ■ about foundation . for which the noble writer waa probably the " Mi ins i ry uf all the Talent*," the uneouacioue,and in which 1* to be found only Mm. -in of whieb l-ord Kllea- a far better pictare of hlnuelf than any borough was a memWr. had been broken laboured analyaia of character could up atven tear* before. produce. W* aee bar* an ardent, Impe-
and becomes a fixed idea, jus nnua history Is tinged with the colour of a perpetual grievance of some kind or other. Those who arc not with him are against him. Whatever is evident to him as truth is so self-evident as to force him to assume dishonesty on the part of all who hold the contrary. The Autobiography also shows how insub- ordinate Cochrane was to all authority over him, and how generous and con- siderate to all who depended on him. His fierce fights for the advancement of his officers unconsciously testify the guiltlessness of his mad adherence to the friends who were engaged in the fraud. The reader of this work will readily perceive how such a man could be made by others to put on the ap- pearance of complicity, and why he so wildly and unnecessarily threw away his chances of dissociating his conduct from theirs.
When Lord Cochranc's term of im- prisonment had expired, he issued from the Marshalsca a disgraced man. The final overthrow of the French Em- peror had brought about a peace that was to endure for fortv rears, and had Cochrane been proved innocent, as he wan found guilty, there would have been no field for his daring valour, his fiery energy, his cool calculation, and impetuous execution. It was while thus qnivcring under undeserved dis- grace, and forbidden the wcrviec of his own country, that overtures were made to him to take the command of the 1 r**n« „f ti,0 Republic of Chili.
can be ma achicvemeu the circlet rounded hi of Spain 1 American refused sub: although, against the nists ackno Ferdinand, learned, wa siinultaneot provinces < pendent tcmptible c contest wit! had been c had been t manders; t under disas istic. The America we: and commai The viceroi the resource principal t< many of ? divia — were Spanish sk more than full comma rciuforcemc munitions < kind could the success < It was the ; induced th<
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 427
DBATH3. (heir rnwi composed of the wont whose gun* crowed that of the ihore- matcrlal*. The moat effcetiee men forta at rtghl ingles. Cochrane'! de- wen: American and European Kit lore eign wan, *llh his fljgablp alone (a SO- too din.olnte for any regular wnico ; pun frigate) to capture the whole fort* the rem Binder were peasant* from lite and fortress Iit a e.»i/>-ii> main. The plain* and mountain* of chili. With experience of his expedition to t'allao Ih* exception of Admiral lllaneo, who hail taught him that be could rely wrmi to hare ticcn a noMe fellow, the neither uu the fidelity nor accree; of officers were F.nglieb and American*, the officer* of any ship bul bin own, who act the example of inxubordlnation and he could rely almo«t with certainty and ralial, anil are acca>cd liy Lord that they would fall to support him " iu of hating hi led him at ercry in any emergency. The ship* of bla
emergency. One officer he had who*e aid "in worth a hnul an KnclUhnian, Colonel Miller, who commanded the marine*. Thl« gentleman wax an *ktl- ful a* hrare. anil an faithful ami indc-
,-jl.lcl
w.w at way* found well enough for action when Cochrane needed hi* aer- rlec*. The fir-t duty expected from bird Cochrane wa* effected by the rery terror of lil* name the Spanish ram-
led I he
rcrurc behind the Impregnable r»-
fortrv**c*, and thin Cochrane wa*
enabled to gain to the Chilian* many
place* abing the nwl that their bind
i;te-t rould not ocupy in face nf the frigate from Cadti wa*
SpinLh Brew, and lo M.vkado the "
S|,n,i,h In Ihelr fortincl |-.rta. Hi*
next rnterprinc wa* directed again*l
thr SjanUrd* ia I'eni The fint attack
• j* miil» on Call*... a forlmw of the
inn-t inrniidabh- character, and in which
there were *-<rrral !ipani>h*hip*nf war.
The attack failed: the mm u fact u re of the
rocked
aeil. had li
■In i
Hed to Spaninb
eil them with •and "The itiari i<n-»>nen-iyt«Ml-n'ir Hut tinea, i-idcral.le town, wa- taken by the n.i after a conte*t in ahirh Major ■r r.c-lv..| Ihrre e-nllri. Ihr.Higfa l-l«. and the tpanhrd* were
•H-brane'« failure at Cellan only piimu l'-d linn lo a ni'ie ihrnie •■uterpriee ■ rctoWed t., capture VilHi.la. a v*. Ttrcm nf rreat Mrrnclh. The fortifl itinni arc placed on l-ith aid** of a i i:,nrl three ouari-r* nf a mile wide.
i ere therefore despatched
various errand*, awl Cochrane pro- ceeded on hi* enterprise with hi* single frliralc. General rVire lent bitn 33U land troop*, under the command of ft Frenchman. Major Ik-ftnchcf, who were ciulorkcd in three small vc*el* tin their way to Valrtlvia the flag nhlp (truck on a rock, and w*a got off with difficulty- -eo much Injured, that :.be went into the subsequent action In ix linking Mate. The officer*, were worthleu; hut tbe l.iavc Miller had r-ulficicntly recovered of hi* wound* lo take a command. The frigate ap- pruaehed the hartniur with the Spanish ft-ii' itina. and ai the arrival of a
ta* expected, the
harbour boat, with officer*, probed off In pilot her in. They were permitted to come uu hoard, and were tlien made prisoner*. Thev gave valuable Inform- ation The veaiel* pu>hed In ; but tbe Spaniard* were now alarmed, and com- menced a hean fire. !n the midstof which the boat*, under the command of Major Mill- r. pulled in and effected a lauding under one uf the forts on the aulem •bore The portion of Ibl* fort was ■Iniiwt Inaccessible, and It wn defended l.v regular soldier* : but while SIM men invle a vain a-aault In front, a (mail party got round Into tbe rear, crept In iin|rrci-lvcd. and fired a vol Icy upon the Spaniard*, who. cnnerifltiir them- »cS>-« surrounded, rkd precipitately, hi.rr.ting with ibem in tbilr flight a b.it'ilion uf troop* drawn up in the open. Th» panb- stricken fugHWesfled wibtlv. i be Chilian* followed in eloae pur-lilt ; baronetin; their fun. with la-
nd.u
-■■d.
ml tin,. fori after ail l-efore
i the
■jl ..then Tin- lirr «f ihc-e fortlfi
nn an irland deeper in the harbour lb* large.! fnrt of all tbe Are of
. Ihe whole
I of the patriot*, who eied i hi* Marvellous adicnttire . no greater 1«t* than seren killed. acting that tlclr ftienda a
T
oDUgca w mu .u -..
keep her from linking. One of the fut impret
smaller vessels, moreover, struck upon captain *
a, rock anil was loat. Nor wis this licensed 1
the end of Cochrane'! success. The couseqnen
Spanish Governor of ValdivU. wu ter- was that t
ror-atricken, and having collected his its own ui
troops, and such valuables as he could that the f
transport, abandoned the city to his twice re*
assailants. Cochrane was now in the painful ei
ludicrous position of having achieved in which t
a conquest so great that he did not will pawn
know what to do with it. He had won rate only
fifteen forts, a city with a citadel, large be contcra magazines, very many cannon, and a Lord C
large population to keep in order. For abled the
this he had a few hundred men, most the 9pani
of whom were required on shipboard ; and the
while the Spanish commander could liberated
re-occupy the place at any moment to despat
with a large regular force. Cochrane insurgent
determined to trust to the terror of his force, und
name ; he left the buildings untouched, and Qeue
the forts uninjured, and the cannon in culty equi
C'tion; he left them to be occupied at Pisco. whoever would, confident that the dertaking Spaniards would never venture where Guayaqul he had once shown his power; and he loyal, pro- was right — the Spaniards never again the secoi ventured near the place. Valdivia was that San the chief military depot of the Spanish attack L province, and the spoil waa immenae. Cochrane The magnificent conquest was of the ron to b utmost importance to the patriot cause. Lima, j At thia moment of great success, wo Cochrane1 meet with the old evil — squabbles and termined recriminations with the officers of the carry dis Government. Thia and all other sub' The port sequentdisputesunhappilytnrnedupon est in the
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 429
DEATHS. Cochrane bad three frigates- From the aids in 100, many of whom fell under mn of these be •elected 100 teamen the cutlasses of the Chilenca before ■ml no marine*. These were placed they could stand to tlicirarma. Greater after dark in fourteen boata alongside bravery 1 nereraan displayed than that the fiaitnliip, each man, dressed in of our gallant fctlosi. Before boarding while, with a blue band on the left arm, the duties of all had been appointed, wan armed with a eutlaaa and pistol, and a party ro told off to take poa- '■At ten o'clock all waa in readiness, session of the tope. We bad not been the baala being formed in two divisions, on deck a minute when I bailed the (be fjnl commanded by my flag-captain furetop. and wu insUntly answered by Croabie, and the second by Captain our o*n men, an equally prompt a liuiac, my boat leading- The strictest ... KilvHce and the eicliudvo u.-c of cut- lasses we re enjoined, so that aa the nam . _.._
were iniiflkd and the uiylil ilark. the mention to orders." * The uproar of
enemy had not the leant suspicion of the s/ssult had around the Spanish
the intended attack. It was just upon garrison, who opened from all their
midnight when we ncarcd the small gnus, and, baring accurate range, they
Oldening left in the boom, our plan siruek the priie from all directions,
being well nigh fruntratcd by the rigi- killing friend and foe alike. For this
lance of ■ guard boat, upon which my Cochrane, with wonderful prescience,
launch had luckily mumbled. The had provided. There lay in the bar-
challenge Waa given, upon which. In an hour, near the Etmernlttu. an English
under lone, 1 threatened Ihe occupants and an American frigate, and Cochrane
uf the boat with instant death if they foresaw Ibat when thev became aware
wade Ihe least alarm. No reply waa of what waa going on they would bobit
made to Ihe tbrvat , and in a few mi- distinctive lights. He, therefore, bad
nuics our gallant follows were alongside provided lights, which. Ihe moment
the frigate in line, boarding at several the neutrals bad hoisted theirs, be
points simultaneously. The Spaniards run up into the rigging. The Spanl-
were completely taken by surprise, Ibe ards were confurcd ; some were
whole, Willi tbo ncvpliun uf the sen- afraid In aim at any ship lent they
tries, being asleep at their i|uarters, ahould strike a friend: aunie divided
and great waa ibc bavoc mule among their fin- ; some wasted their shots in
tbrm by the rlnlcuo cutlasses whilst hcMtaiimi. The neutrals cut their
thej acre recovering thcuiKlvea. Ke- rallies and drifted away. The Asms-
treating lo tbe forecastle, ihcy there rnUla also cut cables, loosened topsails,
Huilc a gallant aland, sail it was not aud sailed out. This latter step waa
until llic third charge that the position against Corhranea order*. There lay
in curried. 1'le light was fur a sliort near a Spanish sloop-of-war and nunc
time renewed on tbo quarter-deck, roua merchant vessels, one nf which
■ here the Spanish marines fell to a bad on board a million <*T dollars,
man. tin- rot of the enemy leaping Cochrane'* design was to hare ear-
uierlwanl and into tbe hulil lo escape rieil these one by one, as be had
■laughter, (tu bus.-iliog tbe ship by done the forts at Valdivla— or. aa he
tbe maiu chains I was knocked bark by expresses it. " it would bare been the
the butt-end of the u-ntrt's musket, rout uf Valdifia orcr again, chasing
aud (ailing on a lb>de-pin uf the boat it ibc enemy, without loss, from ship after
CUM led m; Ui near Ihe spine, in- ship instead uf from fort tu fort " By
Hiding a severe injun, aliii-h caused Ibc rutting of the A''M*rai<f'i's cable,
ii. e uiato .tear* uf sutwcquenl suflcnur. nut one of these objects waa effected
Immoltsleli regaining my fouling. 1 Tbe •'apt u red frigate wis ready for sea,
revcendi-d the side, anil. ■ lien un deck, w lib three months' provision on lioard,
wssrbul Ihruugb the thigh ; hul. bind- and with store- sufficient for three years. I tbe (iuuuua capture uf the
' A mosl animated account of the
i ipturc of ihe Krut-r-iUa. Iir Captain rU.il Hall, will be found In tbe A»**ai Urgaltr lor 1»2«.
througnout iuu mum, «iu •■» — -
seamen and the British public exulted in too deed of their disgraced country- man. San Martin nod the Peruvian and Chilian Government* received the news with unbounded transport, and showered grandiloquent praises on their successful ofGccr. And then again re- commenced the scene of squabbling, treachery, and ill-will. San Martin promised a year's pay to the men and a gratuity of 50,000 dollars to lie paid when Limn should be reduced ; but neither promise was ever performed, nor did Cochrane or his men receive pay, gratuity, or even prize-money. Kay more, instead of following up the blow which had struck a terror into the Spaniards, and had dealt their cause a death-blow, San Martin abandoned tho enterprise, recalled the fleet from the blockade of Csllao, and had the audacity to attribute the capture of the Esmt- ralda to his own plans and the exer- tions of tho army 1 Intrigues sprung up in the squadron, and a plan was even set on foot to depose Cochrane from his command, and to place Cap- tain Guise in* his place. This mutiny was suppressed by a strong exertion of authority. With difficulty Cochrane
Cersuaded San Martin to place a small ody of troops under his command, uud with these he proceeded along the cuuat expelling the Spaniards, and taking tho towns of Pisco, Arica, Tncna; and Colonel Miller fought a successful land action. The result of these operations was that the Royalist* were reduced
condition whii
rane took, with marked his nob was known to l* amount of publ to tho port of
power. The at saw removed hi money doe to t the Protector h
Coehra
bold i
Whmti properly was n
prialed public milted to ho ft Cochrane pair fleet one year's nothing for hi t ion able procc all friendly re) and the Gove lowed a no! he quarrels « hie of Cochrane* the cause ol officers and II the whole ben
before
YVhi
■ Sect i
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
HHATHS.
431
From thin scene of intrigue. pcroceil- lion, Mil mutiny. Lord Cochrane was removed 1>) what he calls a ,( fortunate " accident. The llratiliau*, in imitation of i!ib rijianith provinces, bad declared their independence of Portugal ; and ■
(roperly authorised officer arrived at 'alparaiao to treat with Cochrane to take tic command of* liberating aqund- run. It la strange that Cochrane, ac- tually smarting from the wound* in- flicted by tbc ungrateful patriot* of tin: western eoaat. should lute accepted the imitation of tin: n.ii I cm ungrateful people of lltv caat. Hut tbc »llvr pre- M-DlvJ to liim an honourable with- drawal from a most cm I >at rawing posi- tion ; In; perhaps) was exultant in hi* nloriuue deeds, ami m ready fur a new field of enterprise ami be certainly lived in action ami ricileiurul. lis determined tutrsnaftr bin exertion* tu tbU new uriir, ami left the Chi- lian* ami Peruviana to a ncrir* of i-iul warn, reiolutiona, ami Ina-aacres, niDi|«n>-l Willi ulm-li even the oppren- »i»i' rule ..f tbc Spaniard* waa Ik- Dili ■-.-i>l In the riiuim- n( Ibia wonderful rim|>aigu. I'ockrauc bail been Mainly
to narrate, the Tarioui operation* by which the Portugueae ware driven from the nan. anil their reinforcement* from Europe effectually cut off. Tba first great ciploit pemunal to 1-ord Cochrane wiia bis niiifrulir dealing with the Por- tuguese of Bit Ma. This city had been blockaded and reduced to *ucb straits thai the authorise* reaolved to with- draw all their forcea, and moat of the inhabitant*. On the 'Jnd or July tba unfortunate squadron pit under weigh. Ilia troop* being embarked in armed I ram port* and large merchant- in en, Slid ol her vessel* were filled *ilh I'or iiigucte fuiuilic* who carried with them ail their movable property. The con- ioy. consUlinc of numerous armed trauspurta and from aiity to seventy Merchant vcsacU. «*s escorted by a 71-gun ahiji. one of 6u guna. a frigate nf H guns, and nine smaller frigatca of from 3" to U6 guns in all thirteen vessels or war- To encounter thia un- wieldy force Cochrane- had only a 7* gun-shin and a frigate or 33 light guna. What followed read* lir
i the ci
my qu
led the port.
I'ochianc'H two shi[>s ran aboard tho rear uiont vessel*, disabled their main and tnuen mastaand cut their rigiriag.
|
instrumental in c-iiildiahing four new |
before the wind luck In llahia. The |
|
Slate. . by each be had Ik ell treated |
i:.ln. I'nm'iru and the Uaria da |
|
■ itb tbc grnsHst ingratitude ; even an |
tiltiria then daabed into the middle of |
|
.-stale ■ bieb h id lui oiiualli granted |
tl,e i-ontoy. rajiiuring ahipa on either |
|
1., 1... ui for the r-.).liirc uf V.blina waa |
hand They were now aided by threw |
|
resumed after bia departure : ami oldi |
niiall frinte* which had come up. and |
|
gamma which b- had itii-urrd Mir |
the unhappy I'ortugurae acre scattered |
|
cunt nf the 6Ut- acre left uupaid. |
to all points or the cuuipaii*. surrender- |
|
ami the por>uit of the credit. .r. reduced |
iliK at the first hail This eitraordl- |
|
bim aituvsl lu niiu. Aftrr the lap* o( |
n.try cIiom *bi probingeil over three |
|
taeiin three icars a frail -iuletii lulauc* |
data, in the course of which numeroua |
|
,.f ...pi,* ■*. ,,.,„) to bim Hi -ali-U* |
■hits, crowded with soldiers were |
|
ln.il of ail ibuumbj Cchranc sailed |
l-jirdcd. th-ir masts anil rigging de- |
|
str,.>ed. the arms thrown overliuanl, |
|
|
alii. U.an be enured it. |
and the officers put under oath to niri- |
|
1. .1,1 C.Khranc reached 11.,. dc Janeiro |
gale tLcir own raptured ship* into iheir |
|
ill Mar b l-aa. ami 1 in mi d lately Ml |
tuemv's |.(.rt« Allbouuh the Braiilian |
|
stntiu»i.di to wmk Ci urvabiic a fleet. |
tbll-a had been under the fire of lb* |
|
lb, ..11,,'fuf l,,rd Cclirauc in the |
I'-rtiiKuev men of- war, tbey had aa yet |
|
l.i-.rain.n .f lin.nl. ikoilgfa Dot 1> M |
bad no aeii.it encounter with tbem ; |
|
>u,:-riaui than lho-<: rendered tu t'biii |
lii the dispersion of the rumor these |
|
ai, 1 I'.ru. d.i not odertbc sane striking |
were now left oj»-n to attack : but ihsy |
|
riii-.it.. The ■ •otcri.uirnt •-lahludinl |
kipt well togi'tbcr. and were i.« for- |
|
I.. I>. ii I'pIiw was m-.f uvular than |
mnlald- to 1* aaaailrd The tibjeel of |
|
the mid u«in<a'i«n of the iu-ur.-tut |
the 'lariutian of Itabia >as lo r.ineen- |
|
geintal-. ami alllmuith the I'-rlt^c-e |
tnle the abide (ires) of the I'ortugueoa |
|
nait wa> ui.'i- puarrful than tba |
at Maranbam. where they would pro |
|
Spanish bad hern, tli" llruiliaua had a |
1, al.lv ban- held the utmost r (Torts of |
|
navy it saart nith. It is unneccaaarr |
Ibe Braiiliaoi at defiance Tba cap- |
knew that if be were in tnac quarter, ut y*.} •»
neither Che troop-ahips nor the squad- prise* were la
ron would venture to approach. He, Government, '
therefore, quitted the pursuit of the resumed his <
fleet, and steered straight for Haran- belled, his sei
ham. As he approached the harbour, the diagracefi
he was mistaken for the advanced ship Peru were act*
of the Portuguese squadron, and a over these dii
brig of war came out to congratulate will come at o
him. She was instantly boarded and of Cochrane')
captured. The surprise of the captain Disgusted, bj
may be imagined ; still greater was the factious in
his alarm when he was informed that the capital, b
be stood in the presence of the dreaded run into a
Lord Cochrane— that tbe Portuguese atmosphere,
fleet and army were destroyed — that flag into the
the flag-ship was but the advanced ship spatched the
of the whole Brazilian squadron, which, and himself
with a fleet of transports and a large he passed tb
army, was in the offing, ready for the with a success
attack. The captain was persuaded to carried to the
take ashore a summons to the Governor passing St. i!
for bis immediate surrender, with a says, his inb
grave counsel not to incur the responai- but the unple
bility of an unavailing resistance 1 that tbe frigs
The Portuguese authorities were panic- and that the
stricken, they were frightened at the yards were ui
imaginary force Cochrane had impro- provisions wi
vised ; and sent out a conditional but. to Bio was in
render. This was refused ; Cochrane an enemy's
moved his flag-ship abreast of the fort, was dangeror
and on the 27th July, the Junta, accom- safe ; for the
panied by the bishop, came on hoard, had been d
gave their adhesion to the empire, and him. Upon >
surrendered the city, forts, and island stances, he t!
unconditionally. Bahia bad already waa the safe
been taken possession of, and the Por- month, and
tuguese fleet had fled buck to Europe; the 25th Ju
— I it,,,, without military force Or strange acti
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DUTHH.
■ eominand 10 ihs Insubordinate) A d- Turks; neither the discipline r
mini tu return to Kio lo jimtify him- ' "' "" '
jiir. and ejve an account of hi* com
mWiun. This Cochrane refused to do.
In hinnl.sriice howaatriedaaadeHertcr,
nn.l of munie runricted : his trn-itrx
uf iiiv ml priw moni'y were dcrlsrod
forfeited ; ami all hojw of miv rvwanl
fur his prrjkt service* annihilated 1-v
his own wilful conduct. Yet the Urn
■iliuti tiovernmctit. In ill |>rn»|n'rity,
was not allo|tether forgrtful of I'ocii
rene's nrrrlcc*. After twenty n-ans'
Milioiialinu. ■ couiniiiwioH wsn ap
pointed to Inquire into the iw of ttit
483
* the ■nn* of th* Uroeka were 'calculated tu withstand ihs charge of the Turkish rural ry : a total rout ensued ; (he lireeka who failed to roach Iho tiiouo tain* were cut to [ium-u*. and Cochrane "■ — >k barely an-J thoir Uvea ' -
111 K
The
.adr»
generally. This
title of Mar
i|ii«hi uf Ma
I,...] form..! a |wri uf Li:, ordinal
I'llL'WUll'llt.
There remain! let -me oilier cpiamle in tin' nireum- narrative ; l>ui it muni t'f ti-ry i|uii-kly paoed mer. Thus •umiiiarily di-mlmed from tin- llraiilian tervii'*. Loi.1 Cochrane accepted an i'ti^n.;,in.nl with the tireek in-or rvti.-iiary (lot eminent. The euthusi- axlir i>lniir<-ri> <>f Hellenic irecd"in lie! tan-c.l » c.n-.d. ralde ruin bv miWrip- li "in Jit' I l«iH. of ahi.-h a law |Kirti-li w*. (-<i-.-it.lt-l in the equipment of a M- nil lit.- ..I lattlc 'hi!., -ill. .Will ■niiu. mi.l in fittm* ether <w U. Will, ||<.-W twhraiu- 1.I.H--.-.I. .1 t«. tl«- lircek «4(>r-. It..
le-l i
-l.n
n.licale lii> fame. Itut
rtiilhellcneM.fotracdiiiluaeiri'Ie.oncrcil a lirsva reaUlaui-e, hut were finally cut idT lo a man. The citadel of Allien* Mimiwilrreil immt-.liaicly. This waa In IB.;". In 1M!8 the Interference of tke Ureal Towon compelled tho I'orte U> rernsnlie the iiidci.cn.kurc of llroece, mot Cochrane'* cuiplnvtuctit nasal.
He returned to Kniriand. filled with tlii. LjUcmeaa of cndleM ilii-el-uoint
ilft. I* an.) Li. wruiifTH. devoted hi<<
enemies. In ureal part,
attempts t." '- ' "
the sucreiHvni 01 uihi run inwwm
•till lit |hiwct, au.l *otnr of the luost
l.iiter liad risen to Licit office. All
his .'iTorte were rain.
With Ike death of Ceorite IV. an.1 the aivi'Mi™ uf William IV. a new nnler uf tiling* eame ill The new Km;,- wa* a t-iii.ir and a L. lie ml, As a ■ailurac van an ardent admirer of the Kreal M-a captain ; in- -> l.il-eral. he naa oik- of thai parly of which (ui-liram- waa a d;»liinniuh'rd l..adcr. and which had hiipi-.n-d him in his peiM-emiuM and niij-forluu- h. An immediate and tl.i.r.iuirh .'hntici- of I'ulilii' men look plan- in nriy iliparlaienl Tin- Turin. - neiniia. the di-af
fi-m «■
-il.i ii
. I—
• j. lak.u. .ut Th.- I..
II.Mll.l.Ul
n.-.-lfi
,„f. Th^rihriH hi!
■ue (I- lind rrmove.1 .ut rouLt hare pla^d .. id* K-i«nli<« : and jl»..;.- Id lii> fiTOwr, a H'ttlrd r.-uvifliuli
Ill- "
ore! ihe
. th-r-f.*-. the ■lu.ni
.-irenu-tanr. whirh ulU|'BUieil I bin art of - c.Hcl tl.e awelliDK
and was now forgiven. The sense of the incompleteness of this reversal was further embittered by the refusal of the Ministers to order payment of tho arrears of his pay, and still more, by their refusal to restore him to honour by replacing him in the Order of the Bath. This equivocal recognition of Cochrane 's innocence was as illogical as cruel ; for if the new Ministers thought bim guilty they ought not to hare replaced him in tbo navy ; and if they could not deny his innocence, his redintegration in honour should have been unmistakable. Though the Ministers thus denied simple justice, with singular incon- sistency in 1841 they awarded him the good-service pension— that is, for ser- vices rendered before bis disgrace. It was not until 1847, when Her Majesty had been ten years on the throne, that the Earl of Dundonald (he had suc- ceeded to the family earldom in 1831) was replaced in his rank as a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath. Even then some hostile fate pursued the unfortu- nate Earl, for his banner was not re- placed over his stall in Henry Vllth's Chapel during his lifetime. This inex- plicable neglect must hare been owing to some stupidity or misadventure ; for the Earl (despite the shadow which official red-tapiam still chose to throw around him) had re -assumed his full
of war
forth, himscl atadt i
devise.
Id November 1841 he became a Vicc-Admirsl of the Blue. In 1848, his arrears of pay withheld and his
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
435
•u filled bj the people who had bled to witness the obeaqulea of a man who bid occupied so large a apace In the history of hi. tinea.
It la a linage instance of the revul- sion of feeling which seems to succeed to death, and of tha vanity of all earthly ilintincliona, that the banner of the defeated Knight Grand Croat of the Hath, ao long degraded, J "_
Court of Queen '■ Bench, and a Bencher of the Middle Temple.
April 2. At Botetiale, aged 77, J. Dyer, esq.
June 21. In Upper Berkeley ■■treat, Lieu tenant- General Dyneley, K.A., C.&, aged 78. Ilia service* comprised tba campaign of 1805, In Italy, and that in Calabria, in 1808, Including th* battle of Maida and the aiege of Seylla.
place in the ebapel of the Order In the Peninsula he waa preaent at tba the day before the Knight waa laid In liege of Ciudad Rodrigo, where ha IM the doit beneath It wounded in the head ; the siege of to*
The Earl of Hiintlonnld, in the coarse forta at Salamanca, at which ha waa of hi* long and various career, pub- wounded in the face; the helghta of linheil many wurka of professional and 1*1. Chrisloval; the battle of Salamanca, [ avlentiBe interest; but In that long defence of the bridge of Simanoaa; ji>:rioil of inaction and irritation which affairs at Morale* de Toro and San succeeded hi« reiteration to naval rank Slunos; battlea of Vittoria and the he issued two works of nndying iota- I'yrcneea. lie waa taken prisoner at rest— his AmU<tiiHgrai*g of a Seaman, If ajalahonda, near Madrid, lllh August, and his .Varrtrtire <tf" Serriai in (Ae *'"" ' ''" ""
LiUmti.y»tf ChM, Pent, and Brazil— work* ai exciting in their sustained in- terest a* the wildest fictions of the romancer ; and of Incalculable value in a national view, for they teach to onr rising NvIwim and Cochrane* bow much may Iw dared by an heroic spirit, ami how dccd>. apparently the nnii>l mmantie and desperate, may l>e at' tempted, if there be the true spirit of To rethought and calculation, not only
i Mrdof I
Mil K
wil hoc
the silver war medal and fire claaps lor the l'cninaula ami the medal for Water loo. Ills commissions bore date as fot- Iowa:— Second lieutenant, lit Decem- lieutenant, 1st July, 1803;
low, Sor to captain, 28th May, !
bin.
without here may !« read bow enterprise the moat daring, talwir the mo>t undaunted, aiid judgment in action the most con- summate, may bring in their po**e*«or lilile but sorrow and trouble, if they be not accompanied by that aoK-cum- mand which can sulwrdinaie these great qualities to the discipline of life, and " reciigniio a law wilbln the law"
The Karl of Dundonalil has left Issue four sons and a daughter. The Coun tnM is yet living.
Sef-I. li>. At Aden, on board the ■traiaship .Vines w, John Dunn, esq.. Ml' for Dartmouth. Mr Ihiun waa a merchant and slop-owner in London, and largely engaged in the Australian trade He had formerly been a mem- ber of the Legislative Council of Tas-
.Vny 2D. At bis residence, Eccleaton- Harriet, i
. . l»lh
lieutenant-colonel, 10th January, inaTt colonel, 23rd Novem- ber. 1M1 ; major-general, 20th June, ISM: and lieutenant -general, lfith De- cern l>er. 1X56.
J/irii 24. At the Rectorr, Dogmen- field. ace.1 73, the Rev. Charles Dyson, late l'rjfeanor of Anglo-rVxon, Oxford.
-If.iy 1. At Lower QrosrenoratMel, 'afaelb, wi' '-'
, wife of Sir Culling Kardley,
S«r. 27. At Field Hall. Staffordshire, John Kcclea, eaq., H.D., for many rears 1'bysician to the General Hospital and t'rufcMUT at Queen's College, Hi nniug-
-W.I- 30. At ttoval-crcaecnt. Sotting- hill, Unity Monro, wife of the lata Bar.
f Eglinton and
■r ladyship, Adela Carolina s the only dan. of the Bar!
of Biffin, on the 21nt of September, Und,
1 81 0, by whom, who died in November, an of
1S41, hoi ladyship leaves surviving Itane mil!
—the Eari of Elgin, Colonel the Hon. ing 1
Bobert Brace, C.8., the Hon. Frederick visit*
W. A. Bruce, Envoy in China, the Hon. parte
Thomas Charles, and three daugh- dene;
June 8. At Buiton, Derbyshire, aged lord
64, Tboa. Benson KHey, esq., J.P. for polni
Staffordshire. In Oi
June 13. At Whitehall-gardens, aged ceaao
76, Cuthbert Ellison, esq . of Hepburn, noro
Mr. Ellison ni the descendant of a that
good family in the county or Norlhum- and
berland, and wai returned for Newcastle been
to three Parliaments, in 1812, in 1818, in 1!
and in 1820. He was High Sheriff of ahip'
Northumberland in 18US, and of Dur- elate
bun in 1837. He m • munificent denu
supporter of «U local charities. He pre- or re
muted the town of Oateahead with orde
Trinity chapel. He married In 1804, gal.
Isabella Grace, the daughter and co- lroo[
heiress of Henry Ibbetaon, of St. An- of tl
thonys, near Newcastle, by whom he Hii
bad several daughter* but no eon. appr
Dec 20. At Weston super-Mare. Maria than
Jane, widow of the Rev. Noel Ellison, Apri
and dan. of the late Sir John Tie- Oov*
vet van. of bi
Feb. 16. In Whitehall -gardens, aged Oen<
74, Itabelle Once, wire of Cuthbert Lawi
Ellison, eaq., of Hepburn Hall. Frer
July 19. In King-street, St. James'*, nnan
aged 6S, the Right Hon. Jobn Blphln- "for
stone, thirteenth Baron Elphinstone in reral
the Peerage of Scotland, and first Karon dispi
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 487
DEATH",
die in a lew month*— mother of that the Modtih, ha dlrtinguUhed hlmaelf
liat of auccea*ful administrator* — men highly by hit aervieea during the first
like Dslhuunia, WiUoa, ud Ward — Chiueu war, and waa honourably men-
»hom ihe Obituary of Ibla year records tinned in tha Quzeti* so leu than fiva
to hare died in their prime. timet
In Ihe early part of lui year I<onl Frb. 3. At Edinburgh, aged 70, Sir
i:ipliiuauine >u nominated a Grand Henry Fairfax, or the Holme*. Koz-
I'rom uf thueivil division of the Order hurfcfaiihire, a colonel on tha retired
"f the Hatb, and, m * mark of Her liat. He waa created a baronet in
Majesty* especial favour, waa created March. 1830, an a iributa to hi* father'i
(May lit a peer of the Tolled Kingdom lir the name, utile, and title of llaron Klphinetone. of Klphliutonc, in the county of Stirling. The laic nobleman had been in l$3il mad* a mcuiher of the I'riry Council, and the aamo year inado a Grand limn of the Koyal iirlphlr Order of Knight-
Kor *
I he
the Home of liord* *s one of the rcpre- » nt.ilivr peer* for Holland. The late l.nr>i Klphinstone we* never married. 'W .;. At tuf.ml, aged 5.1, Hr. (He-
i'hen KIvot, Organist of New and lit. obu'a College*, and of ML Marys Church; sines lA.'.ii he filled the office iifi'hnnBueinlhv rntrcnifv of oxford. He «aa well known in hi* profession M a profound and bilcmcd muaielan, iliKi-uuk'hly vcrmi in llie l-r-t arbool of Knitlish I'bitrrh uiu-ii'. Ilf late years hr di'Totcd a ifrrai porti'tn i.f hi* lime ami attention to the rorrrct chanting nf tin- I'aslin*. and in t • VI he puldfuhed a 1'ullir pointed nr-m tl.i- aouuitnt
Y.U
■Mttvteel pri
Dr.
misfortune rerr earlj in life lo loae hi* right lea; by an acridrutal shot from the aim of a friend. S.pimilhwandliir thla disadvantage, few
Ivrl.irmrr* could five gresler effort to (audi T* rhiiruaea than Ihe onraaiit of Nest College, aided by a nu<- inslru- meat, in Wtkchacu'* lofty and beautiful
M'trrk 4. Al (raven House, Wake- leld aged 77. Mr*. Krakinr. widow of the Hon il n Krskih*
Jam. 111. Al M.-Hvll.tuYtlif Priory. Ilradfi«d on. Avua, aged sa. Harriett, ride.) ■.■irrlTine dee of tha late Nr I bind Krakln*.
»j. 3
it t ...
■ .■Ifauf T H K**n*.***i. of North T.>ld<-flham. and of IWnc "inn. and Kr..tid dau of the late sir Ji.hu Kimeon, hart.
Jul), 17 In Dorset euaare, ('apt. Harry' Kjres, V B., of kno,<twoo4 Park.
Admiral Sir William Q. Fairfax) gallant conduct in Lord Duncan'* vie- tory at t'amperdown.
Jiih. ll>. At Hasclbank, near Kdin- i'lirgb. Lieut. Gen. (Jheaeborouirh Grant Fal<-oncr. K.H.. Col. of the 73rd Foot.
I Ire. SO, At Mutton Vlcaraa-e. lale of Ely. aged 80. tho Hov. Thomaa Fardell. I.L.U., vicar of Sutton, and magiatrUa of ihe county.
Ihe 28, At Acton, Maine. U.S., aged 1"4, Mr. Kalph Farnham, the last anr- vivor of the men who took part ia the bailie of Hunker. Hill, in 1775.
Jan. 18. Mr. Henry Farrcn, tho ma- nager of the St. Louia Theatre, eldest ton of William Famn, the celebrated rjnzliab comedian.
April i. In Chapcl-sL, Hal grave -eq., Marv. daa or the late Colonel tho Hon. U L Analrutlicr. and widow of F. S. U. Fairer, can... lira v field House. Ihtrka.
A/iril 5. Al Geneva, aged flu, Major- General Orlando Felix. He entered the army in ISlii, wan wounded at Qualre lira*, ami became Major Gen. Oct a«. I PIT, While on the alaJT ia India, he found opportuniiiea uf paying H-i'ral vinit. io Kir>]'', *h<ru be flnt deciphered the name* and title* of ihe I'liarantia. and an epitome whirh ha drew up liaa ben Iranalatnl into French ati-1 Italian, and iaatcitbuok an Xgyp-
.Vor 8. 'In Montagu pi , Buanell-nn , aged So, from an attack of plenriay, Kir I bar In Fellow*, kL
Sir i 'bar!™ >a* the BOB of John Felluwa, eaq.. a gcntli-maa of p in the vieinitj el Xoilia
f property
Jllgbt [TO*
Uia nam* waa I
rntly before th* pnblie
by the publication of hia ' Jxurnal of an Ki.un.iou in Aiia Minor," winch h* had nude in the pre- I urn* year with a view of diaeuterilg auanr uf ita lung-hidden treaauree of art, ■ud more aapcrially sfarnlplurc. With tbia view he travdlad over moat of the inierie* of that coo* try, and paaaiar
be came upon a quantity of very in- teresting architectural remains and beautiful sculptures. Of these be made drawings, with which he enriched the work above alluded (a. Public atten- tion having been .thus drawn to the subject, Mr. Fellows obtained, though with much difficulty, a finnan from the Sullan, authorizing the removal of these treasures; and in the following year the spoils of Xanthus were transported to Rhodes through his indefatigable labours- Mr. Fellows published, in 1811, a "Journal of his Second Excursion in Asia Minor," which further increased the interest felt iu his explorations.
The authorities of the British Mu- seum now sent out an expedition under Mr. Fellows's superintendence, and the packages containing the precious re- mains of antiquity were safely brought to London and deposited in the Britten Museum, in what ia styled " The Lycian Saloon," and are a great addition to our knowledge or ancient architecture and sculpture.
Mr. Fellows has published several valuable works illustrative of the mo- numents, coins, and history of this dia-
In 1S15 Mr. Fellow! received the honour of knighthood, in recognition of the value of his discoveries in Lycia, and of his services in the removal of the Xanthian Marbles.
Afarrh 13. At Dublin, Sir Robert Fcr- tmson. M.P. for Londonderry, lord-lieu-
439
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
dm of by Ooremmnt lor the tale of power* about thia time ■Sorted hla annniUea. Mr. Flnhuaoa'a repreaenta- heallh.andtheGceforirardliewaioblJgad tloua met with a bramble reception to exereiae more caution In bbi don- from Mr. Vanettlart, Chancellor of the lion to the public aerviee. Hi* pre- ■ Exchequer at that time, and ultimately ft—lnml rawiwhan were, however, Mill led to the eaiabllahment of a aounder amidnoualy carried on for come yean, njatem, that brought aboot an immeiuo and from time to time be waa frequently pecuniary wring to the country. The called npon to giro evidence before immediate rail of hi* general aervion* Itoyal Commiaaiena and aelect com- on thi* quoatlon waa hie appointment, mittee* of both Home* of Parliament, In 183), to the oflce of Government until ho finally retired In August, 18M, Actuary. From thia time forward, until from hla poeition aa Actuary of the National Debt and Government Cal- culator. For tba but nine yrara hla ■tudlea were directed to Scripture chro- nology, and to the univeraal relation-
1861, hi* counael and calculating power* were called in re- quinitlon when any or fbo public mea- sure* Involved consideration* of poli- tical arithmetic. Some of the principal mibjeet* in which he waa confulted may be enumerated in the order of their occurrence. Tbo negotiation with the auhjeet, led him to form opinion* de- Rank of Kngland for i(a acceptance of cidedly advene to the introduction of the charge for public panaion*, in eon- a decimal *y*tem of coinage and me- ■iileration of the "dead weight" an- trelogy into thia country, nuity: the investigation* in 18S6 and Hrpt.il. At Old Charlton, and 90. lt-37 byielcct commlllcea of the Home 1-ady Fiaher, relict of Minor-General of Common* into the general condition Sir George Bultoel Fiaher, K.H. of friendly aocietiea ; the preparation Oct. 6. At ber reftidence, Groaveaor- of hi* report In IMtO on the evidence (rate, 1'ark lane, Louiaa Catharine, wife and elementarv (acta on which hi* new of Sir John William Fiaher. table* at life 'annuities were founded. *'«*. 2H. Lo«t on board the tfimred Thia important Fartiameatary docn- itramer, on the paaiaao from Liverpool ment contained twenty -one new oLeer- to Cork, aged T2, Sir John Judhin Fitl- valion* of the law of mortality, and one Gerald, hart., of l.iahoon, co. Tipperary, of the law of eickne** prevailing among and Tie* yn Boe, Sl Aiaph. the laboaring cIbmc* In London ; va*t Jfarrk 30. At Dancaforl, co, Caran, compotationa of the dnration of alave aged 71, the Very Bcv. the Lord Fita- and Creole life with reference to the gerald and Ycaey, Dean of k'ilmon. .•nmnripelion of aUveain l&it, and the ilia lordihip iu the eocond peer, and Weellndln loan raieed for that parpoae; ancceeded to the title on the death of Mr. Flnlabwn'a report on Ibeulellr. hi* brother.
Hnmt'i resolution* on that loan i* a Any. 20. At Newmarket, of con- Parliamentary paper of that date well aumpiion, aged So. Mr. Nathan Flat- worth pcruaal. In the mean re* emanal- man. A firat-rate jockey, he rode tha Ing from the Kcclcaiutical Cumulation • inner* of many of the great race* ; in 1HKJ : the atrp* Ivailiag to the "*p- among other*," Orlando." for the Derby pmpriation i-le»«e * in lMil : and thoae in the " fanning Hem" year, and Lord preceding the diMuarion uf I ho church- t'lifdcn* "Harplico" for tha Doncaalar rate quntlon In lt.37. Mr. Fialalaon'a St. Leger in 1S»S. aervicea were called out to an extent Aynl 33. At Gloucester *q., Hydo- areallv bevond what la generally known park, LienL-Ocn. £dw. Fleming, CJL, to (be' public. He waa alao conaolled t-'olonel 37th Begt. (Inniakiillaga). on certain point* connected with the HtpL W. At Clapton, and 73, tha otiiidir-hment In 1N37 of the rrgtatra- Kev, Alexanflar Fletcher, D.D., Miniater lion of birth*, death*, and marriagea; of Fionbury Chapel. The name of thia and (be rloaenem of hi* intimate of the eminent h oneonformiat preacher will nVsib* which would be regiatcrod in the )« long a—ndlled with the foundation fir-i icar (falling within 14 of aeariy of (he ay»tem of Sunday School*, in SM.MHirecoreViitatiractedmnch notice nbicb ho waa highly oaefnl front hie at the time when mentioned in the lalcnl in addrwniag the young. Nor riitmr-Ganamla Ant annua) report, waa he without anccea* aa a writer of "Family IV
putpita of Mile-end -road, Miles's-lane, in
Albion Chapel, Moorfields, and Fin*- son
bnry Chapel. 4
Aug. SO. At hia residence, Hercules- Cat
hnildings, Lambeth, aged 37. Mr. H.l
Kicbard Fleimore, the wcll-knovu Bai
clown. At the earl; age of 1 1 yean ha ritl
made his firat appearance at a amall 1
theatre at Chelsea, in a fantastic piece, Foi
called " The Han in the Moon." He Me
danced Tory effectively a burlesque Ph:
shadow -dance. He subsequently became inn
a pupil of Mr. Frampton, and ahowed Bci
great aptitude for stage boaineaa in hia 1
own peculiar line. Be wa* especially wai
celebrated for his close and natural Thi
Imitation, A la dawn, of the leading Go
Tcrpsichoreana of the day, auch as l'er- a v
rot, Carlotta Oriei, Taglioni, Cerito. bro
Jiait 21. At his reaidenee, Beresford- the
lodge, Peel-terrace, Brighton, aged 88, he
Lake Thomas Flood, esq., J. P. for Sua- liar
sex, Herts, and Middlesex, and D.L. of the
Middlesex, of >
Dee. 3. At Fleetwood, the Hon. Mrs. lab
H. W. Foley. Cot
j4«j. 2S. Cant. John Ford, late of the 181
76th Highlanders. The deceased officer anc
served cfuring the Peninsular campaign Hoc
from 1609 to 1814, and was present npc
at the siege of flushing, the defence can
of Cadis, and the battles of Fnentet Sal
dOuor, Nivelle, Sivc, and Toulouse, Kol
besides other actions of leas impor- of I
tance. He had received the war modal any
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 441
bert Hamilton FotberUfham, Madraa A<f. 80. At Tredo-aoe Beetttr,
Borueero. MouMMlUIn, of nik fmr, end
Jefc. 85. At Uwmby, Leioertanbire, M, Bleonor Imbelle, *Ub of the Be*.
■«aSI,U«nBMW«obubMtj«wVMt Job* Philip Q*ll, and only child of lb*
mo of the WM Sir Frederick Fowke, l*(c Sir Jot* Franklin, KM.
l«rt. Jwm a». At Point-de-Galla, Cejtoa,
jfov 25. At Walllacot* Hooar, mu Philip Wm. U ~ *
Keadinx, aged 78, VleeAdmiral Robert the LegieiatiTe
Jfov 25, At WaMacel* Hones, iwt Philip Wm. L* Gay I, eeq, member of Heading, aged 78, VleeAdmiral Robert the LagMali** Conncll of I mil*, aide* Horrid Fowler, mo of the late Be*. Philip U Qert, of
/Yfi. At Hoe Home, PIjbiobUi, aged Harden, Kent.
I!, Thorn** Wm fox, eeq., merchant. A-f. IT- At Lekenbaath, aged ML
Hr. fox wm Uw bad of the mrh- CapL Joeeph Ginger. Ha M aararri
tile home of For, Bone, and Co. van In actire wrriee abroad, parlto*.
Frb.lS A*mi 34 WiWngbam Franklin, Uriy In Calabria, aad wm woaadod at
ceo.., formerly of ilawlbea* Hall.Korth- the battle of Maid*.
amploiuUre, only km of the late Sir Mag 31. At ail redden**, adjolnlng
William Franklin, and nephew of tilt Ibe Peine*, Mr. P. H. Glover, FAA,
John Franklin. Librarian to the Qacen lor af ward* of
Ami. 17. AlBe*J*fortCe*tl*,aged IB, twenty rear*.
Hi*. Framr, of rJtricben, relict of Capb Oct 8*. At Bdlnbargh, Mr. Bdmnnd
F reecr, of Stricken, and mother of Lb* Olorer, elded eon of the lata celebrated
Hiatal Hon. Lord Lorat. octree*. Mr*. Glorer, and for a*me ream
■ - - ■ "■■■■-- ' "■- ""-— - 1 Royal,
April i agroUS, I
, J 38. At ( _
.d IB, CapL Stephen QmhUm Fre- „.
-uiile. rU.". jonngmt eon of the late No*. S. At hi* rtetdra**, Carwaamh-
Vica-Adm. Sir Thomaa FraneJe Pre- sqmve, aged 7«, Anna Aahar fJaawamU*
mantle, U.C.1L. K.M.T, A*. esq.
JT*r. 87. At SL Laonarda-oa-rlea, A'oo. 17. At her raideare. St. John*-
*ged 8t, UeouCol. William Temple ledge, Brgeate-park, arod 71, Imbcl,
rrtnch, of Bellyblndon, c*. Cork. widow of the late Sir Iraae Lyon
July la. At Upper Caraden-pUcc- Ooldamld, berk. Baron de Ooldamid
llath. aged 25, Wm. AokuIw Fry, of end da Pelmelra.
Warton-roed, Lata of the llth Homerr. <W. 1. At Wrettealcr, afod 3«, the
The deceased wm one of the Miuaate Hen. hire. Edward Good lake, only m-
fcw who eurriied the gallant chern* Tiring dan. of Lord WnUealej.
•t Beleklara, where he wm reremlr May 9. At Now York, aged «7,
.ounded. Samuel Grtrwom Goodrich, hettar
A oiv 7. At Firl placa. the Hon. Mm. known M " Polar Parley.* He wm bora
Gage. Mho ni Ik* only deu, of the in Ceaaccurat, Mmmoaeerl life M ft
Hon. William Gat*, aad married in pabliahoru Harford, aad after a that
ISM her eoMia, the Hon. CoL Gaga, to Karope in Ibli, iwawrod to Beaten,
ldunireU»Dof VianoatUnea. Free* 1888 to 1813 he edited "To*
Jfaro* 3. At Torqwy, Imbella Ba- Token.- aad la 1»2T ha eommaaeed ma
cheL d*a. of the law M^orOoMral Sir ■eriee of telle nader the narae of Peter
Archibald Oalloway. K.L.U. I'«W. la 18*7 ha had written ami
lire. 5. In Cbarlotle-eqaera, Bdin- odttad 170 Telamea, of which fthaal
l-erca, ajted W, William, eMeet tea of 7.000,000 eoptei had ban eoM, and
the late Sir Jama* GamUer. abaat 100.000 wore then mU uaatilr.
W J». AlaUinbnr|ih,ac*il7S,mmt Pram mbm work* Hr. Goedrieh realiaad
limniiocr. 0*0. of the late Gen. William a Urge fort***. He wm at om lima ft
'imrdiner. member of the Hamiihntetm Saaata,
&>pt. 3. rWdenly.atareeawlobUea- aad foramral rear* iMmad iaParma*
|.il>LCammeader Inward UatHU. II* Letted Dtatei Oomml.
wm woandod whoa licateaant of the UM, 3. la Dokaat, Bath, acad 1o*
.V-r. at Tmlabjar, and wm m the mme Admiral Caarlea Garden, C. B-, tewthar
.hip el the capture of the frinte tktm. of ihn late Admiral Hoary Uardem, Tfca
iu,i taut othen. lie ni at the Man*; drreaaod entered the aerriea M ntlaV
,.f Coprwhagea la 18v7, and aeater abiarram hi turn 17H, and la 1M7.
Il.oL of the Unax at the eaatar* of when ha emmmmm ef th* m% XeMM)
the DetcA brig-ef war JfoaJ* ia 1*00. ateop, oaT Aaehra*. had the mWaraaM
40 yruQe, in which vessel he fought, Sept. 1810, a gallant night action the Isle of France with the Pren ships Vennt, 44 guns, and Victor, Hans. Wounded, however, and with disabled ship, he was compelled to si render ; but the Ctijlon having been taken the lame day by the Bandit and the OUer brig, Capt. Gordon * afterwards honourably acquitted by court -martial. Since then the galli deceased had been on hair-pay.
May 4. At Porkington, Salop, ag 81, Win. Ormsby Gore, esq. Mr. Gi was descended from a branch of t noble family of Gore, Earls of Am Educated at Eton and Merton t'ollej Oxford, he entered the army and acrv as Aide-de-Uarup to the Duke of Ric ill and and Earl of Hardwick, iluri their Lord Lieutenancy of Ire la I Early in life ho aat for his native coun of Leitrim, in the Parliament of Ii land. In 1815 he married Mary Ja Ormsby, or Porkington, in Bhropshi: the wealthy heiress of the ancie hooaetof Willowbrook and Qlyn. Up this occasion Mr. Gore assumed, royal licence, the additional aurnai of Ormsby. In tbe Parliament of t United Kingdom be represented t Carnarvon boroughs and the Northc
i of Shropshin
o thi
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
that period Mile, do (iulny ha* been living retired with her fstnlly, devoting herself U> work* of charily.
Nurch 18. At Springfielda, near Calna, aged 8*. Mrs. Oandrj, relict of William Hun.lrr, esq. : and it the nunc place, ! hour afterwards, her abler, Mlsa
Ni-j
d83.
11. At Manila-crearent, We*ton- roper-Mere, aged ot, tho Ven. Wm. Gun- ning, Archdeacon of Bath, and Vicar of lluekland Newton, Dorset, lie wm presented in 1839, by Bishop Law, to the living of Stover, which be resigned in IBil on receiving (he lirlngof lluck- land Newton, Unreel, (in Ihc death of Arrh'lcscno llrymcr, Mr. dunning waa a|>[H>lntcd by Hisbop HsROttoibe Arch- deai-onry of Italh. He waa abo for aome yean chaplain of 1'artia College, near Hath, lie waa one of the earliest supporters or the IMoceaan Societies Association, which ia indebted great- 1; to hia eiertiona lor the important aud metal position it lie* attained. He wu fur many yean the honorary secre- tary of the Association, and held the Ireaaurenbip till bin death.
Ihc. 83. At ber residence, Hontagu- w|.. aired Mi, Lady Lucy, reiki of Sir MwbiiI Hales, l«rl., of 1 lake-place,
Kent.
April B. At 20. (Ircwvsdor-*^., Kmcja Matilda, tbe beloved wife of Charles iHiupilaa liaKunl, mi., of tiros venor-eq. and Weat-loduw, Siiflulk.
April 2. In l-owuili-* h)-, aged (8, Sir J-hn Hall, ban., of Dunglsse, >li, and deputy-lieutenant fur Berwick and Haddington. The deceased waa aon of the foanb baronet by the second dan. of the fourth Earl of Selkirk. He suc- rerded to tbe title in le'12, and mar- rird. in laltS, Julia, dam. of Jatnca Walker, esq., of Ilalry.
A ug. 2i At Weston Culville, Lamb*,, aged v:i, John Hall, esq.. • bo for a long
Criod ministered in every way to tbe ni-fil of thaac around him, perticu- larlj lo the |H-or on hia estates.
K'f4. 22. At II rath -collage, Kentiah- Idwd, aged Ml, John Vine Hall, caq* the father of l>r. Newman Hall and of lapl. Vine Hall, late of tbe (irtal
' Jnlf If. At Hslilei. the Hon. Sir llmilun Halliburton, Chief Jnalioa of Nina Scoiia. in the ertth year of hia age, for fim ibne yean of which ha had ail on lac beach. Ho waa dht-
tingniahed by ajestablUty.eQand judg- ment, on wearied patience, and a strong love of justice.
A'or, 83. At hie residence, Lanedown-
Tth Fusilier*.
Feb S3. At Bedford-place, Brighton, aged 85, Major Charlea Hamas, hia of the 32nd Begt, one of toe few routin- ing heroes of the Peninsula and Water- loo.
Sept. B. At Tchiamlltdgia, near Ben- l-tri, aged U, II Hand Pasha, eldeat ■iimting ton of Abbas Paaha, the last Viceroy of Egypt- He waa educated under tho eye of hia father In the palace of Abaatia in Cairo, and bad acquired a fair knowledge of the Eng- lish language. In July, 1861, he start- ed on a visit to England ; bnt bin ee- qnainlance with thia country waa dee- lined to be very alight, for, on arriving at Southampton, be received intelli- gence of the death of hia lather, and n despatch from Said Paaha, the present Viceroy, directing hia immediate re- turn lo Egypt In 18SS he married Inurire, one of the daue. of the Kalian, who hai not borne him anj children : he leave* three daugfatcn by other wives.
Ft*. 23. At Ualh, aged f> 5, the Bight Hon. Lady Jane Hamilton, relict of Archibald Hamilton, esq., of Rosalie, and C'aretuic, and dan. of Hugh, 13th Earl of Eglinton.
Oct. 14. At Howe-villa, Windermere, aged 39, John Hamilton, esq., F.R.B. A native of Dumfriesshire, he wan ori- giually intended for the ministry, bat migrating lo Preston he connected himself with tbe press and hi rime the editor of tbe Proton Ovardiam. Ala sobseejueot period he removed toAybnv liory. where be waa editor of ls>A|an> frwry Km tot seven years, and formed " a church," of which he waa tbe minis- ter and almost the prophet- He then casts to 1-ood™ ** editor of tbe Ewtpirt, sad ea the failure of last journal accepted the same past In connection wltb Uw
broke down under its biiguee, end he relumed to the North some tints beware hia death.
Jul, 30. At hia reetdenee In °--|ii gardens, Hyde-park, aged ST. Joha Hammlli. esq., one af the Hetropolitan
Clice magistrates silling at taw atity. ■one PotkaconrL
John Lie Lyaoaie to iwuniv m .._ invll, of Hough wood, containing a con- firmation of previous and older grant* to that Tamil;. ThU MUM in IflOS belonged to bis descendant Hugh Ham- mill, lome of whoso family settled in Ireland, and from thin branch the sub- ject of thi* memoir was descended.
Mr. Hammill was bom on the 13th April, 1803. His education commenced at Macclesfield Qrammnr School under ths late celebrated Key. Dr. Da vies, and bo then entered Trinity College, Cam- bridge, took the degree of liA. in 1828 and M.A. in 1631. He then be- came a member of tho Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, and pupil of the late lamented Mr. Baron Wat- son, with whom, to the latest period of his life, there had exiated the moat in- timate and uninterrupted friendship. In Hilary Term, 1633, he was called W the Bar, and for many yean went the Northern Circuit. In 1835 he was ap- pointed one of the Boondary Commis- doners of Boroughs, and in 1840 a L'ommlasloner of Bankruptcy in Liver- pool, which office he held until 1847, when he was appointed police magistrate at Worship-street. The arduous duties of thii office he exercised with that judgment no peculiarly characteristic of the aound common acnae he poa- i4saed, tad where his decisions fave universal satisfaction. At the com- iu*nn>ment of the present year he waa
heart that*
ated
great
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 446
tb*irtannaaddJBtm,manif*aladtli*lr M,18«i wtjm general. Hot-. 11. 1M1;
deep grief and atom of hiijoallee. If, llonlanant-tenata]. Hot. IS, ISM; and
then, •Deb m thoaa grieved to, how eol one) -commandant. May 10, IMS.
macb bon mM hi* own family ud /*4. ST. By hie own hud, la a tt af
relative*, and thoM old frleuda and temporary inraaity, Captain T*nlariih
eaaociatea, who, fro* almost daily later- Paul Harford, lata of tha Soot* FtatUer
couree, had each opportunitie* of ap- Ooarde, aged iT.
predating Ma —ay aatb—bw vlrtaeo Hard- K. At Wbentead-park, im
how nock more mm* they monrn hla Ipewleh, afod 81, Arathua, rallot ef
irreparable loaa I Sir Robert Harland, bert. Har lady-
Jro*. 13. At Leamington, aged BS, ahip waa tbeoalydan. of Henry Vernon,
Joan Hampden, aan., a llnaal daman riant eaq., of Great Thniiow, nephew af Ad-
of the grant Hampden. He waa a gen- mini Vernon, tha eapter af Porto-
tleman of cultivated taMa, and took hallo.
KTtat in tenet in antlqiarlan raaearch Afore* 13. At Updown, Eeatry, and
and in lileralnre ffenenily. 75, Col. Thornae >oel Harrie, KJlH.
Jan. IS. At Lovndaa-atreet, Bd grave- The daawaad m tun of the lav.
■aura, aged SO.the Hon. Xn. Handley, Hantlyn Harria, Batter af Whitehall,
widow of II. Handle?, etq., of Calm- Hutlandahlm. He mired la the aan
IhorpaHall, Lincolnshire, paigne of 1B11, ISIS, and 1811, ia
/■« IT. At Bkjl, Filntahire, aged the Pennaaln, and in the antamn af
SI. Catherine, widow of the Be*. John the latter year with the allied amle* U
llanmer, M.A., and daa. of the lata Sir Germany and f ranee ap to the Bar-
Thoauu Whlchcota, bart., of Aawarby, render of Pari, in lilt. Ha waa pre-
Llucolnahlre. aent at the battle* of Onnabernwn,
(Xi. 13. At Bt Heller**, Jereey, the Dannewiu, and Lataaia. In 181* ha
. Haneon, He* lor of Hock- mated the Rhine will the amy ander
Wilton, Norfolk, Honorary Martha! Blueher, and waa engaged la
n of Norwich Cathedral, and for- all the battle* op to the capitulation af
tocrlT Fellow and Tutor of Caioa Ool- Pari*. Ha alao aarrad at Qnalra Braa
lege, Cambridge, and Waterloo, at which but battle ha
Jul* 16. At Portland -place, London, lot! a limb, and waa otherwise arrarely
aged T8. the Bar. Loveeoa Veraon Har- wounded, and had two bona aha*
court. Chancellor of York, aon of the under him- He attained the rank of
late Edward Unreourt, Archbiehcp of Colonel In February, IMS, and retired
York. on half-pay In IS». He had reerirad
July I. At Belmont lode*, Oeerneoy, t ha ellver war-medal and fnnr alaapa far
' J:- " -go 'add hU aerrleaaln the Peninsela, and aha)
The de- tha Order of Military Merit o" ~ "
•erred In the Royal Bo gin I era, and the Order of Bt- Anna
and with tha army In Uleilv in IS11 Vladimir of Boeata, for aarrieea bafJta
In the following year he Joined the the enemy. He tat aome yean hail
forcea la tha Paninaala, where be mw the mUltary appolntmaat of Chief Ma-
marh active aerriea, having boon an- giatrate at Gibraltar, waa oaa of taa
gaged in the battle of Cattail*, in May. U pecan of Har Majealy-i Privy Cfcam-
1»1JI, attack on Denia. and aiege of ber.and a member of the Kent Archaw-
Tarraawna, In Juae. In 1*16 he aerred logical Society.
aa commanding ■ engineer, with tha Jan. 11. By the npaatHngof |r|s Wan,
- * " """ ' '"- ^leaTBer'1 * " - "-■*
of Pnuaia, at the rnegee of Maubeage, William Harriaan, Cammandar af
LaadrecT. MarieabnrR, Phil ippe rill* , Gnat £a*tnt, aged 4S. ThadetaJhiaf
and Horror, and motioned with the the uafortanel* accident be wblab fans
anoyafoecaaatioaUlliala. ForaeTeral daceaaad loot hla Ufa wiU be faaadm
icarabcSIIrd the ofice of Uaatananl- the CVmtia*. He. Captain Hantaan,
OoTomec af Oaemaay. Hla oommie- had from the tat nana Ideatiiad wttk
eionebotedaumfollew: ttooond Ben- tha noble vanml lately nnder hat enm-
tcnant. On. I, IW2; Brat lie* tenant, nund ; and tbaeoaldcaaa with wheat
lire 1. IMS: captain, Ku». IS. 18»T; the pablk teceraliy laabed farafavanv
breietaujor, Jnlyt. 1W1 : Uealar " " '
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 447
mm! extraordinary exertions of officers park, William. He* and enr, udbj throwing many of her miaeary*Qenerel. guns overboard. From the Tkettut, In early lib, h Cupula Hawker wae given the com- board too fori Omrfea, Commodore mood of the rartor, S3, and cruloed for Dance, he was peasant la the memo- two yean off the Wool Indie* end the rable repulse bj the Chine, fleet of the cooet of America, capturing rooeerco- French squsdron under Admiral LlnoU, tear, of 18 guna, and man; neutrals lu the commissariat be eaw some ear- carrying enemy's property. In lSUfi, vice at the Cape and in North America, the Tartar being ordered name in oon- lie aleo eeirod with the army of oocu- sequeneo of damage milliard in a hur- patloa In France, ricane. Captain Hawker exchanged Into Sept. 6. At Exeter, Vice- Admiral the ifttampiu, M ; In bar be convoyed George Hewson. lie entered the nary a fleet of trenepotta from Halifax to in 1788, under Sir Hyde Parker, and Bsrhsdoe*. captured Lt Culihri of 14 Wai midshipman on board the 8U Qtargt guns. Lt Bfiruait, of 18 (Tttne, and cut at the sicgo of Toulon, and at the re out a felucca front Aguedilln. He then duction of Corsica. He took part In aeeUtedat the reduction of tluadaloupe, Hothsm's action in 17B5, » lieutenant anil, after capturing La f'anlome, letter of the Intomtaat at the capture of the of marque, of 20 guns, returned to the French frigate L'VmM, and whan In Halifax elation tilt 1813, when, (ho tbe Boadicta. satiated in her boats at itriamput being paid off, Captain Haw- the deetmclion of a eontoy In the Pac- ker wea appointed to the command sage da Has, and waa officially noticed of the BtUerepMon, 7t, and in 1813 to for cutting out a lugger of eix guns from the Salubury, nag-ship* of Vice- Ad- tinder the batteries of St. Matthews, mini Sir Kiehard 0- Kealce, on tbe He waa also first lien tenant of the Xcwfoundl*ni!station,end intbefonner Dreadnought at Trafalgar, and of tbe captured Lt Omit, of 16 guns. In Suptrb at Copenhagen. He commended 1827 Captain Hawker wai appointed the Fltdu in the Walcberen expedi- Kisg-Csuiein lo Admiral the Earl of tlon, and awisted at the reduction of Si'urthcsk, Commander- in -Chief et 1'ljr- Flushing, and on the erseuation of the muutb. lu luau he went on half-par. British, covered their retreat. Sines and attained flag rank In 1837. InlsM Mar 1818 the lata Admiral had not Admiral Hawker, who had received the seen an* active eervice. Naval medal and one clasp for bis ser- May SI. At llevlesburr, sired 80, tbe vice*, accepted the " Hood Service Pen- Riiiht Hon. William k Court, Baron sion" vacaut lij tbe death of Admiral Ucytosbury, of Heytesbnry. In the Lord Aylmor. county of Wilis., Il.ca He was the
jwj. At 32, Sushi gardens, Hyde- eldest son of Sir William Pierce Ashe
•k, aged SI, Major Uen. F. S. llaw- 1 Court, for many years M.P. for Aylsa-
ins. of the Bengal Army. bury, by his second wife, Leiilia, dan.
Afwil 13. At Hoe Court, Malvern, of Henry Wrndham, esq., of the Col.
1-s.lr Mary Turner Hay. lege, Salisliary. Tbe late Lord married,
Jfiirca 2. InBLsndford-sunera. Dame In IsuS, Maria Bcbccea, second dan. of
Helena Cecilia, wife of Sir Geo. Haylcr, the late Hon W. Bouvcrie, by whom ho
kul., K.rLl* leaves one son and a daughter. In
Ayrtt At Unyantl. on tbe Ism- Isul the deceased was appointed by
but. the Kut. Hullo way Helmore, Lord Hawkeabnry (afterwards Lard
lor nearly twenty years s faithful and Liverpool) Secretary of Legation at
devoted uiniunary in Africa; and as Naples. In 1031 be was selected by
tbe Mine place, within a few days, Us Sir IE. 1*0*1 a* (Joremor- General of
wife siid two of his children, all from India; bat the Administration brokaap
fevrr. before be could depart for India. From
lJ.r. it. In Holies street. Cavendish- July, 18(4, to July, lata, be wen Lard-
Suarr. IJeut-iivn. Jubn Henry, of tho Lieutenant of Ireland, and for many
vlrsi Army. yean he held the office of Governor
Sur. 2i. At Florence. Anne, Lady and Captain of tho Isle of Wight, end
llcrlx rt. widow of Sir Chas. U Herbert, Governor of Carlabrook Castle,
formerly of Lower Berkeley -sl, Man. Afore* 6. At 1'reea Hall, Shropshire,
cheater 'so,. aged 81, CoL Sir ltoban Chambra Hill,
(X. 38. In Cssabridge-ten., Hyde- C.E, In* anrriving brother of Ism In*
fi
July 81. Rear-Adm. Sir John Hind- marah. He entered tba navy Id 1793, lerverl in the BeUtropkon Id Lord Howe* action, June 1,178*, and in Com- walluVi retreat At the battle of tbe Nil* be iu in temporary command of the BtUtrophon, and received the eape- clal thanks of Lord Kelson, and wh presented with a awnrd bj hli own officen. He wh present it Trafalgar, and wu under Sir J. Baumarei in the battle* of Algeairaa and the Strait* of Gibraltar. He (erred at Flushing-, and at the capture of several of the West India Islands, aa well aa under Lord Cochrane in the Basque Roads. Sir John waa the first Governor of the colour of Booth Australia, and Go- vernor of Heligoland from 1840 to 18B8. He had received a medal and seven
Marth IS. Lieut-Colonel Oustavus Butler Hlppialey, of Camlej, and Leigh Court, Somersetshire.
Feb. 16. At Alveaeot Reetorv, aged SB, Charlotte, relict of Gen. J. 8. Hodg-
MurcK 37. At Eccleeton, Cheater, aged BO, Charlotte, widow of the Rev. W. Hodgson, D.D.. late Heater of 8L Peter1! College. Cambridge.
May 18. At Hawthornden, Torquay, Devon, aged 19, Arthur Howe Holds- worth, «aq., of Wlddleombe Home, Go- vernor of Dartmouth Castle, and for
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 449
DEATHS. Townatnd Jataea William Hnngerford,
C.E, of the Bengal Hone Artillery. _
Col. Hnngerford greatly illati untitled Lady Klgi* with a view of pi
himself during the late rebellion la to Chicago. The account of the de- India In 1UT. He commanded at (traction of thk ™»l through a colii- '"-- eion with the nfaooner^HTUta will be
operation* before Oaundia. He also among thoee who periehed, buthii body
had officiated aa reaident at the Court waa waahed on show, and baring beea
of Indore, For hie military and poll- identified by hla companion It waa no
tical service* he twice, received the warded to England for Interment. In
thank* of the Qovernor-Geueral, and IBM Hr. Ingram waa elected a member
twice aha thoae of the Commander- In- for Beaton, and ao highly were hla atr-
Chief and hi* Hlghnam Maharajah vice* appreciated by hU fellow-town*
Holkar. men and constituents, that a public
Jfurdl 20. At Haalar. aged 43, Com- funeral waa bestowed on hla remain*.
_ it to hla memory la eon- navy In IMS. and had served in the templated. He baa left a widow and Weal Indiea, Spain, Portugal, Africa, three child ten.
on the mart of Syria. In the Mediter- May It. At Headow-place, Edhv
ranean, China, on the coast of Borneo, burgh, aged SO, Darid Irving, LL.D., a
aontb-east eoaat of America, In the Scotch advocate and litterateur. Ha
late Kuaaian war in the Baltic, and waa appointed in 1821 librarian of the
recently on the west coaat of Africa. Faculty of Advocates, and held that
*/**. S. At Oetcriey Park, Lady situation till IMS.
Adeka Iblietaon, youngest dan. of the Jfarr* 31. At Cheltenham, Colonel
Dowager Counted of Jeraey. She waa F. Chndlej Irwin, R.H., and rormerly
bom March 25. Ic2j. and married in Commandant of the troop* In Went
November. IMS. Cipt. Chariea Parka Australia from ISSfl to 1R5B. The do-
Ibbeteon. then of the 11th Hunan. reaacd officer entered the army in 1808,
A •>•}. i. Aged Bt, the Bev. Thomas and eerved In the Peninsula from April,
Inglis, D.IV, of Lochrulton. 1BW>, to Pebmary, 1814, Including the
Sept. ft. Drowned on l*kn Michigan, captnre of Oporto, battlea of Talavern
aged 4f>, Herbert Ingram, esq., M.P. and Fnenlee d'Onor, elege and etorm
fur Boston, of Cindad Kndrigo, siege of Badajoa
The deceaaed waa born of hnmble and capture of the cut la by escalade
parentage at Bo-ton. and received the on the 7th of April. 1812. battle of
rudiments of education in the gram- Salamanca, capture of Madrid and the
nisr school of that town, where he tub- Ketiro, battlea of Yittoria and the Py.
■rquently commenced business aa a rcneee. He also eerrad the Kandvan
printer. Active and energetic, theposl- campaign* in 1817 and 1818 in Ceylon.
lion of a thriving country printer did He received the war medal and nine
not satisfy him. and coming to 1-oodou clasps.
he started! he /ttiuToW L,mdoH Xrw, Ore. 29. At hi* reaidetoo, L'naav
by the successful management of which Xutwell. Devonahlre, aged AS, I
he acquired a large fortune. "no or (baric* Harveat Imarenn, eaq., formerly two of the shilling number* of thai of the Slat Begt of Foot, and law Ad- paper, containing the account and re- InUnt of the Royal Brecknock Militia. presentation of the funeral of the Iruke The deceaaed waa one of the few snr- of Wellington, are said to have reached fining officer* who eerved in the Penhv the onprecedenlcd circulation of a aolar war and in the field of Waterloo.
Jfo*v. At Venice, aged U, George Payne Eavnaford June*, esq., Brltiah Conanl-Ueneral, Hlatoriographcr IWyal ;
the chief events and ncenc* of the tour
of the Prince of Wales in Canada and _ , ~ ,„
the I'nited State*. They followed tie edacsiion, enitabl* to hi* pomtka, Mr.
Prince to Montreal, bat than Mr. James travelled far *• —
Vol. CII. O O
•kill with which imaginary event* wars mads to accord with tha real occur- rences of the timet, and personages of faiitorie names to page over the visionary stage, and to apeak aB they might have spoken in the body; ao that no one could any that such an event could not have occurred without violation of re- corded history and manners, or auch a personage could not have ao apoken without violation of contemporary pro- priety. Scott had also introduced into novel-writing two element* which, if not new, were a revival of lost virtues — pare morality in the conduct of hit story, and pure English in the telling of it The popularity of " The Wa- verley Novel*" produced a hoot of imi- tators, of whom a few, like the author of " The Wolf of Badenoch," succeeded in some flourishes of the magician'* wand ; many others, like the author of " Moradun," failed awfully. Young James was seised with the prevailing epidemic Without much originality of thought, ha was well educated and well read, hid travelled and observed much, had a good eye for stage business, and a fatal facility, lie wrote a large num- ber of tales and pieces, which were pub- lished in magaiines, and which are now unknown; but they bad so much of merit that they attracted the attention of Washington Irving to the writer, and at his instigation he attempted
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 461
DUTB&
Jforoe 17. AI Belief , aged 14, Mnv ill had their origin rather lm lb* Inez-
Adu Jim mod, a very popular writer perieaca of lbs writer than In bad laate
udarterille. — eallad forth a great emouot of hottlla
Tbla acvomplbhed <rwu and pa- critlebtn, nod more deoarvedly, of ridl-
puUr writer wen bon at Dublin, la cule. The enduring fiwlt ley la the
iTvfl, tba det.ghtar.ef Mr, nturpbj, a miiiag op the real Joerual af bar In.
m tub I are painter of ki> repute, and real with a eantlwenial Action, by which
having Iba appointment of painter in an unmerited aUtoepbere of ahuurdiiy
ordinary to the I'riflciui Charlotte, waa drawn aroand bar uaoonoeieao aa-
Front bar father, no doubt, aha derived aociatea Wra. Jameoou waa math hart,
tba praetbel knowledge of drawing] both bj tba eriilobm aba encountered
bat aba had InMinote fat nil tbnt la and by tba imputation of uantlraeoa to.
baaatjful in art— a Uate far mania. If wnrda bar frienda, and withdrew tba
a limited kaowlodgo af It— ■ feeling work ; revlaed and rewrote It; and re-
for pott ry greater than any eapreoeito published tt In IBB* aa "Yteiie and
power, and a dalloate appraeiatlon of Bketclicautrlamoand Abroad." In thla
ilie drama. Bjr tba honourable appli- farm It b a weloomu addition to onr
eation of tbaaa varied gift* the future literalura af laate and eentlment.
writer maintained heraelf aa a laaeher; Tba energy of Mru. Jaa
became Immediately turn
aoarafO with whlah aha returned t
tun. to wham iba waa married in laxf tba pram after the dbheurlcning an
or US*. Thla gentleman wan n man hulnre; and aha had, na bellera, n
of conaldcruble anility and legal naanm. mere niilarea to beer. Aha boenma
pliabinenl, tiling with honanr tba poate very popular writer; and to tba end of
' " ' r ol tba Haaoe of Aueambly bar life (ha n
Speaker ol tba Haaoe of Amembly bar life tba proved that bar power waa
i .«_ r.^ada, and than Attorney- genuine, by the affect of uppreebtlor
colony ; and ba la rpofctn upon the eaeretae of it. She did aw
it by bia poiaonal frienda dateriarata ana writer, bat improved ai
of Upper Canada, and than Attorney- genuine, by the affect of appraeiatlon
General af the colony ; and he la epoken npon the eaeretea of it. She 4" or with reapoel la Koglaad ; hv mlataka en boll
and wibMperalodaimoet Immediately, wall aa activity In lutellectaaT labour, and (or many yeere. In IBM, lira. Bhe wetfced mneb and well, patting nor Jameooe joined bcrbnabanrl at Toronto; talente to their fall nee— and all the bat it waa foi a vary abort time, and mora ■tranaoualy the mora favoor tbey they never met again. Thla la all that (band. Another grant merit, ahown tba world baa any bnalnam with ; and from flint to bat, waa that aha newer the thief Iniereat to the world even mUlook her function ; never over-rated that far ariera front the affect prod good the hind of work aba applied henelf to, on Mm. Jim linn I vicwe of life and never nudcrvolaed the phlleaaphy to lore, af paraaua and their c appliance, which aba oca Id not pretend, ner ann- oy her irkeema and unfortunate pool- poacd that aha had written Immortal tion daring a dcoolele wedded Ufa of worka In pouring ant her cmetlono and nearly thirty yean. faaciee far her penonnl eebee and en- It waa net nntil after a foreign tear, JeymouL fallowing her lll-aeaert*d ntarringa, that In the inlrednetien to bar -Cbarae- Hrt Jammon beeame aa author by the terbtiae af Saaaapero'o Women," aha pablioation of her "Diary of an ttn- ton, " Not now nor ever hare I written uevee." Thia work, which it enld to to flatter any prevailing mehleu of the here been publiebrd with the hope of day. far the aahe of profit, though thin tnlierinir her heebaad rrua eome paen- b dona by anny who have lorn eaeana ahuy emUrraameat. attracted Imma- far coining their braiua. Tbb little booh dbta attention. Although unoaaellon waa undertaken withont a thought of ably fall of nulla, and marked by n una or money. Oui of iba Macao af Mtanrelr forced ecu li mentality, it b my awn bean and ennl have I written aba eheraeteriied by laate, thought, it. In the pioneer* II gave me- In the and feeliug. brought te bear In an art. new and verted ramea af bumaa gtnal bahioa npen art, eocene, and it baa opened to mo— In the U aaerelu Tba eirclloneeo of tba werh and milking rajogac H baa placed bnopu. bean naa-an she aiwahaj and ha> rhoaW pMfemwt of my awn menltlea I have
In book*
This book, th« "Characteristics of Women," wu the most popular of her works ; and it U perhaps the one which bent Illustrates her quality of mind. It appeared in 1832, having been preceded by "The Lores of the Poets," and " Livce of Celebrated Female Sove- reigns." The " Characteristics " ap- peared a great advance on the three earlier works ; and it was, at Grit flight, a very winning book. Wherever the reader opened, the picture waa charm- ing, and the analysis seemed to be acute, del icaW, suit almost philosophical. After a second portrait the impression was somewhat less enthusiastic; and
when, at the end of four or five, it was found difficult to bring away any clear conception of any, and to tell one from another, it was evident that there was no philosophy in all this, but only fancy and feeling. Hra. Jameson's world-wide reputation dates from the publication of this book. It secured her an en- thusiastic reception in the United States, when she went there on her way to Canada, in 1830. This voyage, which was undertaken with some reference to her unhappy family affairs, proved with reference to that object an entire failure ; but it included a strange and solitary
is admirably depicted in a work which
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 468
DEATHS.
of tbneanaclaiiticm love of the worker, lag "An Km; m the Ganpcwde*
Theee anxloue etodlee wok onl a frame Plot" Hit death m anorUy followed
already weakened by labour anil the bj that of hla wife, who died at the
eniirllea of her lift, and Mm. Jemeeon Mroo place oa tte fith Oct. mi pulling a latt touch to the coticlnd- Jux.it. At Weymooth-et, Portland-
_.! _i_. _L. ._.. >_■_...__ », place, aged 82, Jobs Jeffery, eaq,., far
many yean jnatloe of the pence far tea
county of Bnrrey.
JVop. KB. At KoUtone. Soothamptoa, of Monde wbo loved, and her Tailed aged 72. Fiancee Angueta, widow of Ike eecomplfahjeente attracted a literary Right Bev. John Bank* Jenkinton, Lata and artlatle ooctcty that honoored her. Ulahop of 8L Devidk Theaebleauon In earns degree conipen- July 8. In Plovden-baildinge, Ten- anted the Infelicity of ber earlier yean ; pic. John Jervit, eaq., eldeat eon of the tad a pension from the civil Ibn, and an late Sir John Jerria, Lord Chief J tut lee annuity derived from a fond contributed of the Common l'leae, by tome who loved and appreciated her, Jan. 18. In Portland -place. Amelia bestowed comparative oue on her cloee Carolina, wife of Bir R P. Jodrell, hart of lib. June 17. At hie residence. Booth- la three rerj different deparUnenta land, lab of Wight, aged 74, Sir Henry Mra. Jemeeon watan actlvenorher; In Allen Johnson, hart. literature, aa we hare teen ; In am*- April 10. At Dereham, aged 83, Mr. Homing the condition of women in Ooddard Johnaon, a veteran arehaolo. England, by erpotlng their diaabilitiea gUt
and injariee In the Bold of Induttry Afore* It. At Paria, in a lunatic asy- and the chance medley of education; lam. aged 60, at. Jnllien. nit popular act), again. In the disunion of the know- musician waa originally a nailer, and ledge of art. Time will probably do- waa pnaent at the battle of Kavsrino. cido that in thia but department her At iiS. howcrer. hit natural aptltodo ItboBta hare been rami ellcetive. Her far art placed hlmae conductor ofeome early readineee to aamme the function public gardena at Parla. Thence ho of art-critic gave way In time. In tome soon came to England, where, w"* *..=... ■__ axenpU»n of a abort trip to A
with Mr. Bantam In IBM, be raided
lions, and tome valuable heye to art- for the teat of hla life, In an alternation
types, supplied In a historical form. In of eocceaa and failure, not of popularity,
regard to picture*, aa to life and man, bat of way* and meant. In 1851 he be-
ber point of view waa at first intcntely came Involved in the unfortunate ape-
BahjecUre, and her Intcrptetationa were eolation of the new mueic hall at the
liable to error in proportion, n that Surrey Oardena; and aenrrely had he
ber knowledge of art waa denied by begun to recover himaeir when the dhv
the highest authorities. Bat she studied stirous fire at Coven t Garden occurred,
long, and tsmitisriied herself with to In which be lott the whole of hit rtprr-
eitenaive a rung* of art thai ber mete- fuirr both of printed and naansorrjpt
Ciysfcal lendencle* were to a eoneldcra- music Beaet with dhfknlties he re-
ecalenLcurrected.aadtbepopulsriaed tired to Paris, obtained a certificate at
a great deal of knowledge which would n bankrupt, and waa organ! ting hit
not otherwise have been brought within plana for a new career on tbe Continent
reach of the very large clan ot readtra when he waa attacked by hie ratal ill-
of her later works, neat. U. Jnllien waa bimaelf a proline
Sept. 13. At the Heath, Wcy bridge, eompoter of epirited dance stunk and
red 00, David Jtnline, eaq., of lite conccned piece* of a lighter character,
kUIo Temple, berristar-nt-law, and of which be contrived to render eitraor-
«'ninberland-urmee, Urgent's-perk. Mr. dinary by the tonreet to which ha re-
Jardine waa railed to the bar In left, tatted for the take of effect. Hit
and for twenty-one yean had acted at " classical nights." howcrer. were the
msgUlrala at Buw-ttrect. Do recently meant of introducing a knowledge of
aatneHth HeMtashnr ba bad pron" * -- at hla eoart with hia ■tnal ability.
Jardine waa tbe Uteorder of Bath,
■tntty of several ■tsnila. perks, todtl- aged ft*, lloorge Anthonr Legh Keck,
aged <1
MhUL
i fteptambtr bt bad presided tbe higher eltea of monk amongat the
■' ■-*■"'.». Mr. Kncltah people.
alb, and Sept. I At Bank Hall. Lancnahlre,
Phillippa. la 1880 he was re-elected, m also in 1636 and in 1830, bat hiv- ing strongly opposed (he Reform Bill, he ni, at the first election under that measure, again supplanted by Mr. Phillippa. He then retired from pub- lic life. He married, in 1B0S, Elisabeth, second dan. of Root. Vernon A therton, esq., of A therton, Lancaster. She died in 1837, leaving no issue.
Dec 22. At Croydon, Maria Louisa, widow of Llcut.-Col. Hdward Kelly, K. St. A., late of the let Regt of Life
Aug. 28. At Boaelle, Tunbridge Wells, Francea Margaretta, relict of Tbomae Read Kemp, esq., of Kemp- town, Brighton, and Bister of the late Sir Charlea Soakerley, bars., of Somer- ford Park, Cheshire.
April 1. At hit residence, Devoo- sbire-ter., Hyde-park, aged 61, Thomas Keogh. esq., secretary to the Board of Inland Revenue.
April 20. At Norfolk-street, aged 74, Lady Kerriaon, widow of LienL-Gen. Sir Edward Kerriaon, bart.
Ftb.W. At Chelsea Rectory, aged 78, the Iter. Charlea Kingaley, rector of Chelsea.
July 6. At Queen's- road, Peckham, aged 72. Lieut-Col. Edward Kingtley, late of the 58th Begt
Feb. SB. At the Hall, Long Baton, Derbyshire, Harriett Ann, widow of
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 4M
DUTHR.
ef Hereulee, frit Yieeount Lanfford, rail, and gnat-great nephew *f th*
Hid married, In 1TB4, Clotworthy, fint hmoni John Law, of th* MlnUndnpt
Baron Langfbrd, grandfather of the acham*.
preeenl peer. Ater* ». Aged T4, Major-Gen. WD-
MaiA s. At Btapleton Park, Brbtel, llam II. Law.
Edward Oore Lnngtefi, can., formerly a Jan. 10 At Brighton, agedaS, J^rat-
captain Id Her Majeaty'i BSnd Reg*. Colonel William Martin-Leake. F.RA
of Foot. The gallant gentle: .... ...
•erred at Corunn* under Sir John Moore, with whom ho had been on form* of frtendabtp, and throngboat the Penintnlar campaign. He waa alio pretent al Waterloo, lint retired from the army at the eloaa of the war. W«JT.
Colonel Leake eerred for k the Royal Artillery, bnl retired with, the rank of lien tenant -colonel In IBM. Hiring been employed daring aha early part or hhi career on ipaelal ttf rice In toe Bant, he travelled ever the whole ef Greece and Alia Minor, and gave to the public the reanlla of
port, aged ST, Rear- A dm. William F. hla reaearehe* In fear or Are work*.
Lapicirv. He entered the Ifavy Not. 10. lftOS.and look part In the expedl- lion* to Copenhagen and Waleherea. In IMS Captain Lapldge, then in com- mand of the Ri'ufJ&it, IB, wa* ita- tloned on the north tenet of Spain, and for hii terrier* at the defence or Por- lagalete and the dege of Bilbao In November and December, 1MB. be <
published by Murray, al InterraU be- tween the year. 1813 and 18*0. Of tbeee the beet known are bie " Travel* in Aata Minor." " Travel* In the Mora*,* Athenian Topography," and " Travel* l Oreoce* T*
In Northern 1
He had only
mata Hellenic*,* when the hand ef
cr
the freedom and Independence Qreece.aad be will long be remembered for hla warm-hearted and nalriotle advocacy of the nana* of ibo Cbriitlan
created a Commander of J sab* 11a la death pat an end to hi* M*fnl o
Catoliea, and preaentee' -'■"■ '* * '"' '-■ "-' ' *■■-*-
clam or flan Fernando.
.¥«*, 7- Aged Ot. Col. Charlea F. Rowley Laarelle*. The dereaaed waa cut at the battle* of Klvelle and i, for which be received the tilver war-medal and two clt»i» ; and wa* *l« at Qnatre Braa and Waterloo, and at the taking of Peroaae.
Atro 33. At Tblrleetane Cattle, Ber- wirkihlre, aged 75. the Right Hen. Jam™. Karl of Ijoderdale.
The defeated peer waa ion of the eighth ear), by the daughter and eo- heir of Mr. Anthony Todd, teerelary to ... .,.._. the Poat-oftce ; and eneeeedrd In th* banking trm of Led)
population of Oreeea againat Ibe ly
rannr and oppreaaion of their Torktan
He married Charlotte EJiaa-
belli, danghler of Sir - Wilkin*. In whom he found an Intelligent h< " in hU literary labour*.
/mm 10. At Bwanage, Richard Lad-
gard. en]., a member of the lona-fcnaim
' " *g In* of bedgurd aad Bona, In
earldom on the death of hi* father In Poole, and th* neighbouring town of
ISSf
Hla lordihlp w*« heritable Rinrwood.
Jtfow 8. At Wert Retford Haunt. aged M, Mary, relict of Jam** La*. etq, Mr*. Lea wa* aeennd daughter of Harry Veralat, tan., formerly O*r*m*o (rrural of Bengal, then *qal*alent to imor-gwaeralabjp
Standard -bearer of Scotland, aad Mar- thai of the Royal household there. Lord. Lieutenant of Berwickshire, tnd • Deputy -Lieu tenant of Haddtngton- thlre.
Jan. 35 At Kenlltb-lown, aged 88. Meet Col John Uurie. Bombay Artll- levy.
Jm— tt. At Pari*, aged TO. (ten. th* Martini! de LaarMoa, grand oaVer ef Kvclrn Solum, eeq., the legion of Honour. *t. formerly Worhtap, and nftor * widowbeod of colonel ef In* loth Legion of the fourteen year*, ha 111*, to Jama* Lee, Vitinnal (Hard, and * Hentlennw of *•*.. ef Carlton, Mnf Dnrrmgtea, York- the King*! Chamber. The deeeutad, ahire.
AagHio* John Alexander Law, una /tell. Al Gauun, Ywhehlra. agad tnotanof ih* celebrated M*r*hnl Lnw *T, Sir That*** Qagwy Lemuel, hark, a d* LaaHttoa, on* ef NapeUea. gene- - ' ' -*■■
irmnx
combe, daughter of Uhnrles, Lara Fevereham.
Feb. 6. At Portman-Bq., the Dowager Lad; Leigh, the eldest daughter of the Rev. William Willes, of Astrop House, Northerns. She was bom in 1798, and married, in June 1819, Chandos Leigh, afterwards* Lord Leigh, of Stoneloigh Abbey, Warwickshire, whom she aur-
Arov. 22. A t Lewes, Frederick George Leigh, esq., nephew of George, sixth Lord Byron.
June 1. At Bafford House, near Chel- tenham, aged 86, Gen. Sir David Leigh- ton, K.C.5., the senior officer in the Bombay Establishment. The deceased entered the service of the East India Company in 1795, and was present at the siege of Seringapatam. He served against Doondia Waugh in 1800, and in Malabar during the rebellion in 1S03, and in 1816 he commanded a brigade In theDecean field force. He took part in the expedition to Arabia, in 1821, which resulted in the subjugation of the tribe Beni Boo Ati. He held for many years the office of Adjutant-Gen. to the Bombay Army.
A'or. 21. At Oxford, aged GO, Elizabeth Anne, wife of the Rev. John Prideaux Lightfbot, D.D., Rector of Exeter Col- lego, Oxford.
MayH. At Dover, Dame Louisa Lillie, wife of Sir John Scott Llllic, C.B.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DHATII*.
457
fully their equal in the constructive (acuity, anil almost thuir rival in (he mairniludc ami success of Lis under- taking*. IT Ihc two great school* of i-ivil engineering. Mr. Locke may be considered llie ualural Micceaao! to ilie l>Wc u( the Stephenson*, for he waa [lie pupil uf Oeorgu Stephenson, tbc fitihrr. and ftr.t the coailju lor anil after- wsr.U the competitor uf liuU-rt Ste- phen son. lbs.- wm The independent )«Mi(i<iti which he aubsequcully marked ■ml for Liii.H-lf, aail the neat worka he cu-.-nted, cither siuglv or in conjunct ion »ith hit partner. Mr. Krnngioii. justly > uliile him lo take independent rank a> a niPinlier of a great triumvirate. Mr l«-ke >a* Irani al A Herd iff.-, near Sheffield, and educated in ill* lirainmar- ■n'h-Hilat llarn.lcy, in Yorkshire, whenci- Ii.' »oii ijkcn lo in- j.la.-id wider lleorge Ncphm-tfju at Newcastle un-T; n he learned
In,
■list ia to nay. in Iv.!"> ticorge Sle- pliriiHin Wcatiic the chief engineer of lli.- Mane heater anil l.iver|>Ofil Railway, which rr™i on. I noicl unilvrtakinir. Mi,r niiuli Jii»i....-.l..iiht and dclihcra- li»u. the .hsrth..M.r- had finally dared
bavins joined in launching the locomo- tive, he imposed upon il lu moat ardu- ous tanks.
Shortly after Ihe completion of llie Manchester auil Liverpool line the pro- ject of a railway from it* Warrington branch to Birmingham waa revived, and tbia line waa commenced in IMS or 16:13. tieorite Stephenson waa at fir.i ibe engineer; but tbc line waa eventually constructed by Locke, and opened on the tfth of July. 1837, being then desiccated 'he Grand Junction. Il included aome heayv worka. Mich an the huiion and Vale lEuyal Viaducts, mid waa the occasion of some improve meniK in Ibe rails and tbelr filing by tin- u«e of the heavy double- head ed rail ami wooden key. Hut another lniMi of ita engineer waa ita marked rummereiiil success, and the encourage- ment It afforded to the commencement mcnla of of other rail way* by its construction years for a Hum actually within the rutin
|
Bed 1. |
1 once "ii |
1h,< |
..rk. uf this |
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|
Iv etniluvcd |
||||
|
-Mil II. |
..p. |
■una on Ibe |
||
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lb of : |
1 hi ring this |
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t.r.al |
■m |
- an to tbc |
||
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:ln in. |
an important |
|||
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ti..n to the |
tw of thin |
ilv from XU.Ui lift. « mile.
Capital »n consequently inverted largely in similar utiderlak intra under Lock*'*: dlm-tion*. who had thu* oh- taiui-d the rare reputation of I icing an nimnmk'al engineer. The Lancaster ami l*n>tnn line waa commenced in 1«37. and wan opened in l»|it. in which latter year the Sheffield and Manches- ter line waa ilw undertaken. Some Ihc completion of Ibe
irtion I in
Southampton had been sluo 'tumcnenl. To thin last Isickr waa cnlually named engineer, and hi* lief attrition »*« given lo its work* ter ihc completion of the (Irand
|
.,...-.ti..n J.*pb l,.Lr ....kaprnmi- it- ni part. luruiijiiiii-tiuu silb Itulirrt |
line friiin Nine Kim* to Woking waa |
|
i.|-Drdonlhe 2lM of Hay. HSU; and |
|
|
■ ■i:'b tbet staled in a j-iul pimphM. |
the llili of May. 1MU. aincc which |
|
4iti| which mat lirnul !•■ haie settled |
period uuiiirn.ui branches have Iwen |
|
thr practical ipip-iinu 'f their time. |
vldcil. Of the worku on ibis South- |
|
l|.|..-.T..rili it ■>• allowed. !•■ oaclhc |
Western line the Mi.-beldcie r embank- |
|
KH.ii- of llirir chef that the rail and |
ment, near Winchester, may 1* named |
|
»ii.-l w.re "nun and wile.' the wheel |
as one of the principal. Krum rtoatb- |
|
.1. .,ue.|lou 1kH.II the ailed of Ibe |
|
|
l,«„m«tii.. liupr traction waa atiil |
idr-t. Seyeral of the nrincipal Kaea of ■ hat cuuniry were laid down and con - |
|
■tru--le>i under the *u[»rinien'lcnec uf |
|
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Mr. Iri--kc. either aa chief or consult- |
|
|
.*. i.h- of the t-i-11 ..I l-reke. that he |
mi! entiueer : f»r riainplc. the I'ari* |
|
-....-.(u.i.ll. adopted Imei of gradient |
and Ibuicn and Itouen and Havre line*, |
|
Ui u-u- alcep Iban had rni before |
which be completed : a line from I'ari. |
|
been held sutUblc for lis posers. Aft .-r |
In I.iou*. constructed under another |
Hallway, Of which the final portion was completed In 1300. During the construction of the works on the Con- tinental line* Locke had joined with him m bU coadjutor in professional practice Mr. John Edward Errington. Together thej constructed the Lancas- ter and Carltile, the East Lancashire, the Caledonian, the Bcottlah Central, the Scottish Midland, and the Aber- deen Railways, and the Greenock Hall- way and Docks. Notwithstanding the bear? works on the Caledonian line, it was constructed, with the platforms and roadside stations, for fees than £18,000 a mile. This economy of con- struction was attained by the adoption of steeper gradients, which Locke de- liberately selected, and rather from cau- tion than audacity, sustaining the economy of his principle, subject to ■ome qualifications, in the face of many rivals. His early study of the loco- motlTe engine led him to take great interest also In the engine works which were established at Crewe, and " tbe Crewe engine' — constructed on a xys- tem by which each of the several parts of an engine ii msde with mathemati- cs! accuracy, and repeated in duplicate* so as to fit Indifferently any engine — waa the noTel as well as successful re- sult.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
titan of i he lledjidi Jan. 16. In farliu: Allien Drnlaon. tanl l<ondealwn>iijrh,
8canb of Health." Thit he vu much
iK'Wtm, e> termed and regretted by hia relative*,
" il acquaintance, waa abown M
when he wm followed to the graie by between 300 and t"0 of tha tenantry
■arioiia parte of
Lunl l»D'lcal>oroui|h wm ■iirvlvine *on of Henry, ftiit Marqi I'uninKbain. by hla roarriaa*ewith rlliza- and indent belli, daiiublrr of Mr. JoM.-|>h Ucninon, hi* e and waa bora on (he 'ilii of October, offer 1 BUS. He married. Ural, July 6. 1*3.1. the Hun. Henrietta Maria Forwlrr, loiirtb ilaa. of die kite Lard Forenter, «bu died in April, 1811 ; and accomlly, in l»4T, lbs eldi'.t ilnu. of ('apt. ihe .... Htm. I'liailn Orlnud-i llridircuian, who the Tolled Kingdom.
I.lm
Hi.
memory the but grateful tri- bute of affection.
.VftrtA ST, At Limmeri holel. ajred
it. Rlw. Micliael. third Earl and Baron
of UniKfoni In (he Peerage of Ireland.
il llaron Rilrhrater In the peerage of
The ilc.-ra.«ed
leave* win rldral urn of Tbomaa. aeeond Earl,
I*ilv licorrtaoa R. C. Lvfran. fifth
i. or William, Drat Earl iieauebamp.
u born Oclober HO,
17. and entered the 2nd Kegt. of Life
uiiard* aa cornet in Julr. 1*89, obtained
hie rank of eapt in April. 184», and
,i-ui' lii Initb. mirriairi-. Aa Lord At-
|.< rt ('iiiiviiftliam he nerved for a r hort
I'oriud in the llovil Hon* ttuarda. but The lale Karl
Nun adopted llie diplomatic aervlee.
Ill Hay, I *ai. he wan appointed allarbi
lotlie'ltiiiifh Lnraiiun at llerlin. and
id the following jfiir removed to VI- waa a breTei-major In the army.
i-una, where be remained until Fehrn- Junr 10. Huddenlv, from anfiii
arv. W1-. when be van made *
litrin, aged tin, John Ixweby. eaq., of ■ iiwun ■• i i.nuir, il <ui>. Kniiehion Hall, Leiccatenhlre. '-JU. In- pmceeHi-d hi Merlin In ilia Jan. 19. One of 111- Jolninon'* (fod-
nue capacity, and contiuued 111 that daughter*. Ann Elizabeth, dan. of tha uipbitment till June. 1-31. He re- lair M Kuril ilia Lowe, of the Knval Aea- n-euled t'anierburv frum IMS to deniv. at Ihe advanced »*e of bit. Yl.ruary. 1-41, and airain fnim March. A'um. II. Al hi* resilience in Upper ', in the ear.y pari of le jn, when Hrook Mreet. llnwvcnor -[, (ten, the peer-Jire bv llie Hun. Edward I'vmlar l.ijfin. (' B Tht - -- '— the thin] eon of Wll-
!.tli- of Karon l^indealHirooirh 1 Mv bv aaaumed ihe unno of '- lii-ni —a. in aniinlanrc with the will of hla malerul um-le. Mr. William Joarph lieniwn. oho bequeathed to him ike '■■iilk of hia imrornair we.ilth. In poli- tic* Liird l-on deal wromth waa uraallr a -ipportrrof Whig principle*, hut not ' iiwntinilY, liclna! rather a cou-iitu- i.unal J.ilx-nL. Lord liuudralinroiia'h'- laatr for lite
I.N
liain. firwl V*rl of Heauehamp. . .
Irreil the army aa nub lieutenant In the 2nd Life lluanla. and tvrred with that regiment in the I'cnloaiila dart sir the rampaipna of 1>13 and 1*14. beinf
major and Meat, colonel, be commanded tin- 2nd Life Onardaat Waterloo, whera intculaheil himaelf,
ml fur hia
le peotnw of lb*
of ihe Unlcr of the llalb : ha
•u ilu made a Knlprbt of tha Order
of Kt. Vla-limlr of Kaaaia. The de-
"ii"l othiir held Ihe appointment of
lliapertar-fiencml of t.'atalry far aotae
ii-nra. He had rerc lied I heal I rer war
... _ . — _ lunlal aud one claap for aeirtce In lha
tf hwakitnt ; aad lir hit pcrtunal I'-niniuta. awd waaappointeil colood of
KHataaal laJlaraca mainlv coniri- the I3ih l,iKht llnuriraaa in Jan. U4S.
D*t, -l\. Al Hone lionr- afed IT,
(■plain L'elmer Lynch, eflh (Eojal
1 riah Paaillarwl
•f l«i* hut Iota- .«•** in.
.( aha learned eoeien raara idantificil with t abade of oar national .
WIMB) lb* Hhli>a Archarulncieal Aa- t M Ibrnied. be acLvpted tha
tire part in suppressing them. Ha married Elizabeth, dau. of the Bar. George Newton, Rector of Isfield, and the last representative of the Kenton
Jan. 24. At Slowmarket, aged 73, the Rev. Frederick Herbert Haberlcy. The deceased was a person of eccentric character, and made himself conspicu- ous in former years by his violent oppo- sition to the measures of Catholic Emancipation and the New Poor Law. But, though extreme in hia political views, he was st the same time possessed of a benevolent heart, and much in- jured himself bj Utopian attempts for the benefit of others.
The deceased served st the siege of Fort Bourbon and capture of Martinique, in 1B08-8. He was also present in the re- treat from Burgoe in 1812, and in the campaigns of 1813-14 at the action at Otooa, the battle of Victoria, the as- sault on the Convent of San Sebastian, on July 17, and the assault on the town on July 26, when he was severely wounded. On August 31, although suf- fering from his wound, be look part in the successful assault on San Sebastian. The deceased was also present at the passage of the Bidastoa, the battle of the Hivelle, and the battles of the Nive. He was engaged at the battles of
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 461
DEATHS. race which practiaed the horrible rile* of hi* volume* entitled " Ramblca around
human ucrifice, and ww much given ' icide. Macpberaon .e taak of rcclaimiwr ' t which be 1*1 ton rail iu- ei-awntly, in "pite of ilinirerv. and or a. climate no deadly, lhat in one month !'.'; per rt'iit. of hi* follower* were ■truck down by it. It «m soma year*, how- ever, and not until hi* conatitutiou wan almost destroyed, that he wi« cutrmted with the aupremc direction of llio Kliunu a^encr, appointed hv tlovcm- imnl fur the auppruuion of human urribrm. and which ran alb-tided by hirnal *u<vc*a. He w*a anlmequrntly *]>|hhMci| politic*! agent at the Court of S'indiati. where he KH>n obtained I he conlidcnceof I hi Maharajah. During the Lie miit in v he >u comi>cllcd to fly fri'ia liaalior ; but from Afrn he con- tinued lo direct the council* of Scin- di:ih, and kept him atcady in hi**lle- L-iiiLi'c to the Itriiirli (jovemment. .Miirplx-noii a >*airaciou* adv ice ii lhat the | powerful contingent of tiwulior •in milled and kept inactive at tlie niiwl critical period of the rebellion, ami in itiia way hccutitribuled much In i of the Itriiikb rule in
India
-id .1
T. Y. Mcl
. Itedford.
t Jan,,-, row. li.vi.iiiL; Hamate: London.
.V.«". !Si. At hi* re.idcnee. Merrion- ..(uarc. HuMm. Sir Kd**rd McDonnell. Apr,* I.. Jniin-atl'iiiiiheriand -tree!. •■<. Ih'littal SirThoma*
(JlanRow." and " Day* al the Coast." Oriirinally a journeyman calico-printer, by hi* Heady industry and atudioui and peraerering habit*, he had piincd for himself no small amount of literary conai deration. e*pcci*Jlv in the Wort of Scotland.
Itre. ST. tn Uurtou. tured Si, An- drew Nicholson Macrath, c*q., Isle Director-General Madras Medical De- partment.
Jam. 11. Al Marbiirr, Cheshire. *ged M. Sir II. M. Mainwarinir. hart., who for many year* held the office of muter of the Cheshire llounda. He married the dan. of Sir Koliert Salisbury Cotton, bart.. sister to Viscount Combennere.
Afrit 1.1. Ajre<l (II. Major Main wariiiK. laic of the 22nd Kept. Ho •crved under the lato Sir C. J. Kapler in the Rcinde campaien.
April i9. At l.amrhim Holme. Port- By land-plan!, aced 86. Frederic*. Count*** r*4 Duwau-er of Mansfield, md daughter of Dr. Markhan. Archbiihopof Vork.
A/A T. At Thoreahy lark, aa-od T.I, Mary liclitia Connies* Manvcra. Her ladvidilp wa* the eldest child of Mr. Antboiv llanlnlph Kvre. of lirnvr.near hVlfonl. l.v Francises. Alicia, third dniiirhter of Mr Iti-hard Wilbrabant Ib.i.llc. of Latham Hall. Unea.hire, and sister to the laic Lord Skclmcra- dale. She wa* married on the -.'3rd Auffii-t. 1H>4. tn Ihc Hon. Chsrlra Her- j-crt I'irm-pi.nl , aflerwarda. second Earl
Ih.le-par*. Ml- Malum.
Url..<
hllce
cieral a a. a
ol I'm*. Thr gallant He. of Ihc laic John MeMahi Irdlrr or Ihc purl of I.i mti-red the army toward* the none or I In- )*•! century, hail wen active service »rry ipurter of the ehd*.
ick. If,
K..r.
,n.ln
'W. ^7. At Thorcby Park, near Ol- l.rton. aired »3, t'harle* Herbert Pierre- r-int, Karl Manvcra, Viscount Newark, *nd Ibron I'ierrcpnnt of Holme 1'ierre- pi.ni, in the Peerage of the I'uitcd
The dercaacd wa* the aecond »on of fbailra, Ihc fir>l Karl M*nver>. and al an rarly aire enlcrnl Ihc navy ; but on Ihc death of hi* elder brother he relin- numlu-d the prnfewion, after aerrina; tunc year*. He nal in the Houoe of t'ommon* for Ni'llinicltim-hirv from 1-"1 till he nucccnltd to the title In 1»11. He marrie.1, Auiruit 33. loOI. Marv UlitU. eldeat dau of Mr. An Ihoiiy Hanlolph Kvre, of limve Part, Ni.ii'. i aim died only a month before
ining- win and two daughter* aamelr, Vi-count Newark, Ml'.: Lady Mary. __ horn March IS, lull*, and married An*;. I better known for SI, 1815, lo Mr. Edwird* C. Ewtrun,
|
at llomlav |
from 1-a:. till 1>.(T. |
|
. aH...m>,.l |
to lb« colonelcr of |
|
r-.»tm 1- |
IT. Ho .u.v.T.lnl in |
|
■ the Uron |
rtcy, which li»d l--cn |
|
vii by thc |
l'nii.-c Iti'inut upon |
|
ic itiahl Hon Sir J. |
|
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1 lit ki. w |
|
|
hael' ItoWn |
tt'e.tii.|.p. «■!.. Mir |
|
* liad taw |
' five dauiihter* and |
Oct ST. At hit residence, at Woolver- tott, aged 72, Seville Harriott, esq.. Isle of the H.E.I. C.S., and Member of Council in the Government of Bom-
Dec, 1. At hit re*idence, la Meirion- square, Dublin, suddenly, of Apoplexy, Sir Henry Maria, ban., an eminent
Chjaleian. Sir Henry row apparently i hi* niual health, and when about to leave the house, his carriage being in waiting at the door, he iu seised with •a apoplectic fit, and expired shortly after.
March 10. At Brighton, aged 26, Samuel, third ton of William Mar- shall, esq.. MP., of Patlerdal* Hall, Cumberland.
July 31. At Sydney, Australia, aged 30, Francis, son of Matthew Marshall, esq., of the Bank of England.
Aug. ST. At Harberton, Devon, aged 67, toe Worshipful George Martin, MA, Chancellor of the diocese of E i oter, Canon of Exeter, and Vicar of Harberton, Devon. The deceased was an able and conscientious clergyman, and highly esteemed in the diocese of ' Exeler; but a mistake to the amount of 8s. id., in a return or some charities accounts, which be had forwarded to the charity committee, so preyed upon hi* mind, that in a fit of temporary in- sanity be put an end to his lire. I May 13. At Pulborough, Sussex, '
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 468
DRATilr). Iho Viilt <lr Pari; Waring Mill*, tod niece of the Earl of Here.
attached
(lie S*g of Lonl Culling* oud, com- manded * boat st the destruction ot ilii: French vessel* in iliu lUv uf ttowM uii the 31m Uet., IMiU. an which ooea-
,1 ih-
I. lit in advanced nk i>f Hear Admiral in Ibid. .•led id the earldom In 182". s2i married Eliial.cih Jane,
ir Archibald I'atnflicll of Suc- i„ liy ■ hum In* had "
! hi ui. Tbu di>-
Jld fun
•4 Ih-a-nutyd fife.
A/.iyi Sir John Melville, a dial in Kuiibed n I lieu u( E-liuhnrjIi and L-ord f'nrltMl .if thai tilt fr.nn iMul to 185V. lit had tau rimnrvlliir of rtie luiver- •ity uf Kdinl.ur|ih un Lord Itruugbam'-i :i|.|>-.inlinciil, and wu knighted by lief MJ-ea-tJ m Ir.-*.
/>ic U. Al hi* reaidence, 81. Johua-
I ark. Hide. Lie uf Wijriit. aped iiu, *.■> l)»iie Merest, en] . uf the Abbey, Hurt Si Edmund*. Suffolk, and ibo M«it Solum, lauil.iidgewliirc, adeputy-
D'f. SO. At Calcutta, from I1Id*m cauaed by over-exertion during Iks In- dian c»wpiit(u, (.'apt. Wilbrabam Digby Milroan, Ilojal Artillery, youngest aon uf the late Ideut.-Ocn Milman.
.V«rrA SI. Cut. Hugh Mitchell, ef Inrerncw tor, Hyde-|.k., of the Mad ra* Aruij, for inauy year* on tha itaff "crprtter, and magiitrnU
■bo, with al kkaderaliad and Jaulna
I'ludLj.. "bcu";1
« latter
mm wiuaie 1
the kW! of Uii
Muldl.Tmi. Ur'l..'uf
He •ui-i'i-cdt'd to
l-Stt, and in 1*21
f,b Sn Al ki*
/'..'■ iZ At I'liarle.loB. South < 'aro- 1.1.4. K.d 6J. J„*|.|i MilLr. F US. < I! Mr Mlll.r w- the bud uf Ibc l.rm uf Mill.r aud lUf-iucri.fi. Iku
.Vj.l J. AH 1. n H.iu*-. o-ar Enter. a.-.. I al. L.I, ll1<ri. Miller, reiki uf -r J. .bii Ui.v. Mdl.i, lart . and eldul
J.J ui ll.<' Lie J ..l.u lkam-liaiiiu. ei.i ,
< t! be hen ham. Vice.-Adm. I:.<*land Money. Ill, brother of lb* late lien. Sir Janica K trie Honey, bart.
A<uj. 4. At Kareliam. Hani*, aueil 74, Maj. tlen. Huaaell It. Moor. RA.
A u.j. 37. At Hetuwir* lluuw. Major Time. Moure, lata of tbe Hoyal Marines. Few officer* bate aeeu nioie aervice. He aerveil in II. Ui ahip daanaiva from Ma.i, 1SH3. to July, mil; wan in tbe action with and capture of four Suauieh frigate* off Cay* St. Mary* ; in the aciiwtt with a flotilla of goo- LuaU in tiibreltar Bay ; in cutting unt a ichooncr in Coriica . a aerere action with a French frimle, which waa driiea on ebore under the luttcricn in the Bat of Kuaaa. in XWt. lie eerved at tha taking or IVatara ; commanded the Marine* al the taking of t'ortclatxa in laif. taking ail gunboeu; and wai ■lw in eomuund at tbe taking al Gnw, ■ hen Ibc whole of the mrriaon vera Villrd, woundnl. or taken priMncn. He waa acnior nffieer nf Marine* in the action oft" l.iaaa un the 13th of March, leiit, and waa twice very aevcrclr woulid.d. AlU.jietb.r be had lieen in u|>aard* of thinj aueccmful contatta with ibc enemy, and in frequently ■Arially mentioned for gallantry. He li*J received the war medal wilh three claafia.
/*«■. a. Al Woodland*, Cheahnnl, llerta. ajred VI. Elinv relict of Onorn M.»re. r«j . and Hater of the lata atia-hl Hon Sir Edward Thornton.
*"**. 4. At Vernon terrace, Briahtenv, aL-e.| 4\ Cai.i. Vm. Moonom. R.M, (' II. Ho totted in tho nral Chiante hn-akinK out nf that
• uii llua
midoted
Ibc formidable Moo
ifurcn SI. At ol. Leonard!, awaaz.
hill, Shrewsbury, aged 68, Mr. Joseph
April 18. it Hill-street, Glasgow, aged 73, Alciander Morrison, esq., of Ballinakill, Dean of the Faculty of Procurators.
Aug. 16. At St. Heller's, Jersey, Yice- Adm. Isaac Hawking Morrison. The deceased entered the navy in 1795, and in 1766 was present at the capture of the Dutch settlement* of Demerara, Essequibo, and Be r bice.
Oct. 21. At Alred-street, Crescent, Salford, aged 8E, Mra. Elisabeth Moore, a descendant of the Parliamentary General, Sir William Waller.
Aug. 12. At Klrkec, India, aged 37, John Kitkby Mountain, esq., 6th Eu- niakillen Dragoons, son-in-law of J. Leney, esq., Cliile, Lewes. He was in the glorious charge at Balaklava, at In- kercuium, and Tchcraaya, and the siege and tall of Sebastopol.
June 19. At Cockairny House, by Aberdonr, Fife, aged 72, Laura, widow of Sir Robert Mowbray, of Coekaimy, K.H.
Jan. 3. At Blomfield-ter., Harrow- road, aged 73, John Qrenfell Movie. esq., F.R.C.S., formerly President of the Medical Board, Bombay.
July 10. In London, Major-Gen. G. C. Mundy, Lieut- -Governor of Jersey, eldest son of the late Gen. and the Hod. Sarah Mundy. The deceased bad seen
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 460
DEATHS,
and at Waterloo it look part in the A on of talent and letter*, Mm- ■
brilliant charge of Sir Huaaey Virlan'e loxidl ton to high poata In lie adml-
brtgade at the eoneluaion of the battle, n lit rat ion both under the French and
The deceaaed waa the yoongeet ton or Euglinh Oorenunenta of Corfu. Nerer-
the Hon. Ixroiaa Catbcart, Counteei of theleaa he entertained an Inlenaely
Hanafleld, and Darid, aecond Earl of Hellenic feeling, which brought him
Manafield, and waa bom Auguet 8, into frequent collialon with wo (tern
1TS4. fioremor of the Ionian lalea, Sir H- G.
/V*. SS. At Brighton. France*, widow Ward. He waa the author of aetwral
of Captain J. H. Hurray, R.N., and worka both In Italian and Greek, wUeh
youngcat dan. of the late Hen. Henrj treat chiefly of the hlatorj of the Lower
Pelham. Umpire. At the time of hie death he
Man* 5. Aged 89. Tice-Admiral J. waa more than 80 yean old, and waa
A. Murray, of Reading, Berka, only honoured by a aplendid fbneial at the
aon of the late Lord W. Hnrray. public expense.
April SI. Lad; Murray, wife of Sir Uarrk St). At hli reaidence. Keys*-
R. Murray, ban., of Ardele; Bury, ham. Henry Eden Mysore, eaq., J.P. Ibt
Herta. Somerset.
May 8. At Oarry Cottage, Perth, /V*. 12. At Scinde Houae. Clepham,
aged W. Him Madeline Murray, lait Ueu tenant-General Sir William Francie
(arriving dan. of Sir Robert Murray, Patrick Napier, K.C.B., Colonel of tha
bort., of Clermont Tiad Regiment of Foot.
May M. Aged 87, Uentenant-CoL Sir William Napier waa born at hit
Sir Archibald Murray, hart, late of the father** residence, near Dublin, on the
3rd Poallier Ottarda. 17th Doe., 1785. He waa the third of
Ore. 8. At Uehtertyre, the Right that heroic brotherhood who, with their
Hon. Lady Adelaide Augusta L, wife conain the admiral, Sir Chartea, eonatl-
of Sir WillUm Keith Hnrray, bart. of luted "the Naplera" who bare won ao
Ochtertyre, dan. of the flrat Merajuia of large a apace In oar military a
AV/J. 24. Suddenly, In Drunawick- high place among the patrician faml-
3., aged 81, the Her. Thoniaa Boyle* Ilea of Ihii empire. He wai descended
nrray, M. A., Incumbent of the pariah from the ancient Earla of Lennox. In n
or Ml Duutan'a Inthe-Baat. Prcben- time to remote that the reign and the
dary of St. Paul'*, anil Senior Secretary enemy are unrecorded, a aon of one of
of the SoHely for promoting Chriatian thcae potentate to dialutguUbed him-
Knowledge «lf in a battle, on the Uaae of which
Ik-trended from a Norfolk family In depended the fate of the kingdom, that
which philanthropy waa an hereditary hie a>i*ereiirn hailed him aa " Na Peer,*
iirtue. tha deceaaed fu educated at or " The llnchlcw ; " and be thereafter
Merchant Taylon' School, and look hit uummed that name, and trenamlllad it
degree of M.A. at Pembroke College, to hit dcaeendanta. One of thcae waa
Cambridge. In 1SJS he waa prevented, the famoua inrcntor of the Logarlthma
by the late Archblahop of Canterbury and " itonca." The aon of the philo-
lo the living of St. ihimtaii t in the- aopber iu raited to the peerage by
Eaal.and*ulwe<|ucntly to the urebendal ('harlot I. The alitb aon of the fifth
■tall of Oigale, In St. Paul* Cathedral. Lord Napier, a colonel in the army.
In 1612 he became Secretary to the and comptroller of the army account*
Society for Promoting christian Know- in Ireland, the bandaomeat man of hi*
ledge, the dutie* of which office he die- lime, married for bit aecond wife, L*dv
charged with aowearied actirily and Sarah, daughter of the I>uko of Rieh-
coartcooinieaa till the day of hie death, mond and l-ennoi, a lady alto of ro-
B period of twenty-eight yean. He markaUe beauty. From thla gifted
waa the author of Bereral publicationa con pie sprung the celebrated I milium,
on. and proTcd hia qualification! at a Sir Chartea, Sir George, and Sir William, Fellow of. the Society of Anliqurlea Theae yuttng Uoni loot no time tat
by a hi-tury or the Church and Pariah developing their warlike prnptnellhm.
of which he waa incumbent. Charlea entered tha army at twain
July So At Corfu, Sir Andrew Mm- veara of age. George at nearly the mm
toxldi. Arcbon of Pablic InetrncUon In age. and William at fourteen. The
tha Ionian lelanda. great career of the abler brother to
Vol. C1I. UH
incessantly lot half a century, tne nem service of William wan confined to the period of the great French war, com-
Eriscd within the ye»rs 1S0T and 1311. .e served at the siege of Copenhagen and the liattle of Kiosre, and through- out the Peninsular campaigns down to the battle of Orthez. Thus he had fought his last right almost ftftj years ago. Ilia, first commission iu in a regiment of IrUh Artillery; he after- ward* served in the Cavalry, in. the In- fantry, and on the Staff. The rupture or the Peace of Amiens was followed epilations
land. The whole nation stood to arm?. Aa the thunder-cloud of war lowered nearest to the Kentish coast, an arm/ of observation was stationed on the heights of ShornclifTc, under the com- mand of Sir John Moore, the most ac- complished officer in the service. At this time the military character of the British soldiery, except for indomitable courage, dill not stand high. This camp at Shorucliffe, under the admi- rable management of Moore, proved the school in which was taught and en- forced the discipline and. skill which made the British army famous. The earliest and most ostensible result n:is the formation of that famous brij-ide of 43rd, GSml, and tfilh Regiments, afterward* well known as the " Light ni.i.Un ■ whi-l, Mrrinl «ff an lineooal
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 407
DEATHS.
L-nerry of hi- ram, be rejoined tbe fu yd dreamed of. Al what period o/
army, anil f..ii:,-hi iii ifae lutilo of llu- hia carrer, or with what inducement*
«.'.,. N'l.ihioK appeari lu hare Ijnd he originally conceived lbs dwigu
ali!< iu take ilia feiibi our of thrat nvn. rbirh ha executed to worthily, *e m-
L'harlni'a lift- hail liecn saved almuat l.y not my ; but from 1*24 to Wu be «aa
a niinrle. and William'* mi aaa yet iinreinittinitly ontiared. h he himaclf
fri-h : iel hen tint w. re l-ulh lichiinir infuruia tin. upon lliu " Hiatury of tha
nil) diuiinixhed vigour. I'karlva, I 'euinaular War." Tint Lialury had
aim linl fuiiL'lii a* a luluntctron iho not J at U-cn ~aiiaf»itori]y » niton. Tha
I'm. and • -raj nil fur a witmli-r unhurt, war ilarlr", dinpangcd at Snt, and but
rwriml a dr'adiul round in llie lace, in»ullii:icnlly a^ireviatod ereu alter it*
and au carried oir bt bit couain final triumph*, invited a better pea
I barb*, who »*« alio hit. (Imrtre ilian it bul found The meat l>uko
alto wan amuid<-il in tin- thigh in mice en'ertaincd the idea o( becoming
ilii. ai-tion. Wh-n .Mti'iui ■ army ibe hiatorutn of hii own cani|>airtta, or,
ruuiui.-iii-nl iu fainuu* rvlrval fri>m ni auv ralr. of bruuealhitiK tin mnta-
hrfi.t. T»rr» V.-dia*. rbarb-. hit rial* lo hii ric.-uiun. Hir IJ. arjm Mur-
jn» hi lun-ljL"" 1 up, liacliiul f..r- ray aim ihuutlit of cnloriug llu' field.
want li-juin In- broilirm' r<'riui< Dl*. liul (uluuel Napier advanced In-yoni]
'ii.idin.- lb'- iiu/wni ; he ilw* preliminary e< inception*. 11a ur
|
marly i>i.iv| them aheu ibu |
■!urlo»k ibe Lwk. and iuxi-mplr*hcd it |
|
ir ■■] llu- li'lwa at Uciliuha »u* |
— virb aliai buci-om Kurupc nor knuira. '['iii; incnt of tail remarkable work ii |
|
rd; .. be np|r»»i'hed be m.-t a |
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U"i ami ulnar ruu|<reb«aaively «K- |
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.Hllid.-) "Ilicr ir aaa Iih l.n.'lhrt |
lnn-fi in the aiuclc Cavt of iu popu- larity and iu fame ; fur acldem baa a |
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rur . HHin a/i- r be met aunlhrr |
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r K fin • i rd Li- l.n.-li.r William. |
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. bad r emr.1 a ■.-and. .uH-a-.il lo |
iliait prutuiat of circulation or utTour. |
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Tbr aiilb'ir bad a rood miliury .on- |
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■..rt.l m -hi,. l.> rah. tart in the |
no'Tiun. but hr enjoyed u yet no lite- |
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..<i. n."..ry -f Salamanca. He |
rary puviiioa, and nu Ur raa be fruu |
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lli--n Rallied ihf rank uf luajur. |
In iiik r..-1'^-ouid :>a tli» man fur tha |
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»IJ !]■ c Hi in an. bd bia imincnl al |
lark, th.it a renain ulliccr of rink on |
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»li. .m be Baited for intoriaatiuii. luid |
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|s.--a.--.f It... il;.ii— ... Ik-Ham |
Lim Lia pruilu<-tiun ruuld only l-e an t'l-l,. imnl affair, ami that i-ubunUe |
|
r !...■., l.-u-.-MH ■ .',.«■'. and |
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■l.i (■■ Ibr «■ lot ■ ■< far* tbe |
|.l.ui- • i.ul 1 Le throsa a»a> nnva It. |
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■:.. ..! ih.< NiKlh- ai.,1 ill. Nitc. |
Ibe k|iirit, mumjver — even my iha |
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.„- again «..,ni.l..l hi dL-fcinlii.« |
lnaa uf the »oik *aa directly offen- |
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-Ti- to ibe ufiiuiooa iA Uvne lime*. 11 |
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4 h,- aaa Ifiul al tbr l-alllc -f |
.lt.-i.ibd Karlialimen. furtl aamib-d tU |
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(.... II- ..r«-d al-. in the .an.- |
■till diduinan! policy of To:i]-io, and |
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-:i irf ]■!:• Li." a... n-,1 ,.i.-ii- at |
. iiiminl labnitrly more endit to >"a> |
i.aun -ri
W.t.rlu" In ili> I'-uiii-ular rau- j-Iioii lu bu ayttinn.aiid lo hia tronpa,
| 4.,-ri .f tir i.;.r- Iv aar l-nr tiu.ia ! I.iu Ihr pirjudieer of tbe country bad
...,.i,.t..! iuuI «j. |-r. oi :IikUIii <•■! aliuocd. It urfra-lrd i^panjarda. fur
]■■ ri'':|qi art ...i,. :■,-,[ l.i n^^n. ■! m. n ■■ Iniabcl aa»i tbr lima; of Ibe rial ion,
.:--.ur.ii.:.- i.,n,. I . i!.. j-id m.d.il and rudurcd Ibe t nthuriarm and onorta
■i "la1 i.; I ll.i.i .'..-(■. f.rf llu-»..i. Lot.' a»i"0..al lac hulori.m in bil tctj
hi.- i.e. - *! ■ -i.-.r. _nd ••ni»t A: tbe preuwic, "lorudl my vurk ■itbapocry-
■ !■,.. .4 ■!■■ Bar '.i «•• i.. «!■ a C>ur pbal mailer, and i.-:*br> i.d Ibe tbou-
pai, ■•• "1 'in I .'I b.n 1.. 1 .! al' mud -ami viri'linc currcnu vl S;.anieh var-
i. . I <i'Iii i iuik ' 1,4:. llu' ■■! Ii'uiraaut- fare lo l.dlua that mi.-bij afroani af
lu '■•'•> b' Mini on ibe Lul-Iih1> baitir a-hi.i l.amt the uarriera
La-: > "1 h.a i-.-.ui'Ut >•( the I'lnai'.-a. and left doeu Uncaa
\. . .. Hi.:, i ..;■!.. 1 Sapi.r bad uf IU fury iu tnc aoal of France.*
il-Tri . ■. I: td n.lb r-d luUffc, and bad Fri'Utbmen it miclit puaaibly eoaci-
. -iii- .liatiw lute, Un it racorded their military
l»c awkuf Lu bfe aaa but U-run, n-r mrriti rith mi laiimim eandaar, but U
Ii II V
choly (acta oi tne eariy pun, w mi struggle— how much persons highest in office had done to crash the commander and his enterprise : it first mode known that the encounter with the marshals and armies of France was the least of Wellington's difficulties -that the con- test with his Spanish allies was worse — but that his greatest difficulties lay within the Cabinet and War Office at home. Opinions like these brought on the author's head a perfect storm of obloquy, which, with the family genius for Improving a controversy, he con- trived rather to aggravate than assuage. He was accused not only of professional incapacity under a thousand forms, but of political and almost moral heresies without number. Among other impu- tations, he, the grandson of a peer, and the great-great-grandson of a king, found himself charged with a malig- nant and democratic hostility to aris- tocratic birth — an attack which ho quietly repelled by observing that he was at least as nobly connected as the people ho was said to be decrying.
It can hardly be denied that the "History of the Peninsular War " did really present indications of a distinct, and for those times an unusual, bias. Bnt however the author might bo in* fected with the heresy of political op- position, his characteristic dedication of bis work to tbo Duke, and the genu- ine anntlmenU with which its every
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 469
DKATIIR.
work not nulj fJituMirlied Colonel Nsi- . iiiijrht pouildy be impugned. How
Iiier"* f.irm' u an author, but coulri- lit lie nlcaiojrc be observed id tho eon- mi.-. I j.t..l;ilih . in conjunction with tho Iruvrnde*. which thin devotion provoked t.rilli.iiit -.Tvi.'.H „f Li. l.rutlirr 1 harle-, - bow rcniitrively he treated the eon- l» improve ru-ii hi* profi-M-intial ]■■- aiilenliuli which all were ready to bc- ■iti..u. He had indeed earned in the Mow -ran lie learnt only from the work* l.iir tlii~-luri;p uf military duty all I lie thciiisolvcii and from the journals of tho I> r. in.it ii >n which now overtook bint, day.
for be had bi.rne an active and dial in- (.'ontidcred in llie relation* of private
eui.hed pari throughout a protracted life. Sir William Napier ni one uf tho
■ ar. and wa* ju*tly ciiiitled to the nobler! of mankind. Hi* children and
irr.idiial advancement reserved for ill grandchildren received the morl de-
mr.i.or«. In l»:iu he Ucaine a Colo- Voted afl". Ttioii, hi* friend* were part of
ii-' I : in 1-41 a nuior gi ncral ; in 1-1- hiin.-clf. hi* pcrvant* port of hi* family.
In' «;.. n|i].iiiuii'il I . ■ ■ : 1 1 1 ■ i . j n f litiviTtiur I tir- LH'inlilKiurs. if they were, compelled
i impetuous dealing,
r wrong. It in ncial, ami in t ■;'■:! nil- :•[> hatred nf ]«lty opprchdun aointliiue*
■ .I hi ..i Ti,f'-v L.u.'i.r,"aii.l Whal ho n. a* a private man, Lhat -lit- h...l Urn welt earned; h- waa if a t-itui-n. Hin wrath rose al .n hard Ii I-.- doubted that the every public o].p region, and he nought I Sir t Inil.i. Napier and the tin- reilrrM of public wrong with a vc-
of l],r I'.niliMilar war com- )•• wence which often defeat.il Ha aim.
a greater r---]-e.-l than would 1...1 ncier incurred dii-rci.pcel. Hi*
i paid to the half pat officer of labour, and bbi uuarrel* are now ended, and as SirHiarle-'a death proved the
r William Napi.-r r-maii.c.1 a -i.'tial f..r the universal oblivion uf hi.
:ll. .,ii.l .la-li.d atMiii-i il.>' fauli-, and the nni|UaliBed recognition
■ ■f in- ii a- rud.-l. in b-l.,i.r or l,U uMo-i. ao with the life of Sir . ..irli.r da.-. A. tl.. [.,J,i William -ill all iho-e *. rimonic* ccaw a- -.■oui- f.-r.m- i~ ri-d -f hi. which hi- intractable pen wan but too ii- lli-1-r. ' for a »-. ..ml. ... ai-t ■.. ..-.-aMon. The public will forget
r>UIi*t. ur rcuicllil-cr him
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..111. I.. |
re |
llc.-l |
llial TV! |
■n |
in the leant - |
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>.f 1 |
lin cllC'lllllI, |
r» he never |
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k. hi |
lu.elf an |
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The im. |
X |
whi |
cli .ill r, |
• Dutlle aol- |
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li.i' ■ |
In- duly |
:«: |
one of Eag- jo afterward* |
r..l...(b!-d thi* hiriice by raiting for b> cuiitrv an iiupiri-hable monument of il„. t|,.rj -lie bad a.-.|uired.
Sir William married Id I -12 a dau. of i-n.nl ibe H-n. Edward Henry I'o*. and mi-..: or . harki Jame* Vox Th> admirable lady, who mir'.i.ed licr bo-l-and fiilv ria week*. * a. hi< iudc- f.,t:u-abl. aid" in all bii hli-ran, labour*. For In. brifi-i writinS. >be wan bi'. MiiaiiuiUM*. for bit correapondeuee hi* >. .:.t..ry, and the eiiraordinary skill ■ :'b -hi.'h ']f aa* able to tranaUtc t'.i i. inirr-tui Fn-io-h d.H-nmcuta writ-
loai... a .itcumoUn.e that threw liyh; up..u ob*eure paMagca eitber of ihs m.l.tary operalioi" c-r the political mo-
Besides his great work, the " Hintor; of the War la the Peninsula and th South of France from the year 1807 If the jcit 1814 " — the Incessant labour o sixteen years — Sir William publiahw In 1MB his great defence of his brothel "The Conquest of Soindo;* in 1848 "History of Sir Charles' Admlnistrs (Ion of Sclnde,'' a " Lift and Opinion) o the late Sir Charles Kapler," and pam phlets, review articles, and controvei sill letters without number. Thes latter were especially marked by th characteristics of the man — like Ishmael " his band was against every man, am every man's hand was against him ; but all were marked by an unflinching though oftea injudicious, advocacy a views always noble, and sometimes wiw
March S8. At Sclnde House, Clap ham-park, aged TO, Caroline Amelli widow of Lieutenant- General Sir Wi! Ham Napier, K.C.B., the distlnguisho officer and historian, whose biograph forma the subject of tho preceding ti ticlc. The deceased lady was eeeou daughter of General the Hon. Henr Edward Fox, uncle of the third 1-or. Holland, and was niece of Charles Jame Fox, the great Whig statesman.
Not. 6. At Hercbistonn Hall, Horn dean, Hants, aged TG years, Tice-Admi ral Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B., Ac M.P. for Southward
The deceased was a cadet of the nobl
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DKATHS.
471
(hat mom at ber shot pawed or mily diiniiurrd bin m<nn>, ami be bail liiu uiie man wounded, allhouub hi* lii 1 1 ■ u— I kih ncitutljr diealiti-d. Hi- ineiuanl eannniiadu produced Mure. < fl'i-ri than i-uuld have hem expeclcd on Iim Im^v I'ppuiu-iit, mil lu Kiuuil en-
aiilrii i lie nil uf the Karlinb au,uudrun
lo lullnw Lur lurk, wl.ieb otherwise, from the iitferi.iriiy uf their nailing, llrey ncrc likely lolo*. in the darkn.ua. A iiinnim; ariinu. in ■hich all ilia iliicc Prcwrh nhiT'j hare b part ueea- Mr.tl.llly. «.« k-j.l - '
c uf (I
::!.. l...i
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Hixnlvd. Tin* /t-'.Ti |
! and /■......-. |
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however, followed Ihe |
/» tlaut,»<dt. |
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uniil 11" liriic w.u cdI |
irelv ilWhled. |
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■ hen tin friualm took |
her" iduec. n.-l |
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ii'Ii-f anollwr ilat'n i-kiitliiehiiur. the |
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Kreurli tdii]i k.i. m la- |
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lli" ITtli uf A|-ril. The priie *a< |
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added tu ill.' linli-h iiavv under the |
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unit uf lire .|/.rm.n.;. |
» . an.l th. A.I |
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ii-l 1<> Napier, |
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whu «■»■. al-o riHill lift el |
f ma.lt . ,«,t. |
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ra|.Iain. Tl.i- i>r..iii.H |
■Ion. l.<«-vtT, |
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threw him out n( aetiv |
u tenie.., and |
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" Iit w»v uf aian-eineti |
'.■ a* Ire *»■ |
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[-muni" il, be hCIYid |
a>!.-fc in the |
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l'''tiin«iU. alon: with |
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ritarlva Jau-f. lie-Tire. |
and William |
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^"H" Ill-;.,"i;;r„'^ ■ |
mil- u-> ilUF-r- |
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f lire Napier*. |
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■ lllaek I'lurln ' ».- i> |
rent with hi' |
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rou-im ul Hanaro. TL |
iv flK uf lie.- |
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n:.'t'» allaeliu|- eorpn |
.D tiro I.ijlll |
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[livimnn ran m deadlv il |
U! all it- Calf |
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rj-.T,< f*. lie., rl,„rt.., |
. dianionn'iil. |
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In j f. i momem. I'hit |
•,■- J.iTlie. nan |
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mroek from hi. 1i..r-* « |
.■h a fruhtful |
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••4)n-l in Hi- fw a |
.1.1 lb.' railr-r |
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Oiarw. earned Kit! i > |
'!.-■ Mr. !<<: |
When Captain Napier recovered from bin wound lie applied to the Admiralty fur a kbiji. and early in Wl van ap- pointed to llir; Tlii-tut™, iiS^-iriinftk'Me. Willi ibiK VL'ri-id be en-ally diatin- guiidicd Mrujr.lf. riouirtiuic* alone, and noliietiuiei in company with other ■thi | ..4, hut alwiis, from bit* force or chancier, Liking the load, whether In actual command or Dot, he inflicted an incredible amount uf damage on iho unt'tuy. and pat • loUl mop to their »tti'iu|.iii to ronhlrurt a fleet In tlio .Mvdilvrr.iiMKin. At INirmdcl Infrewbi. i.n ihc ili-1 of July, lie Gr»t drure inlo lire barliuura fl-*i of thirty men-hint- iu> n. thin f.rllowitl litem, ■ilelieed th« lire uf a diuin ciin-lHiai«. and while Li. L-allant ii'iniKinma, I'titniuandiT I'liffitnl ;uuw Sir A-ijui-Iim W. CHf- lunl'. aeir.ed 111 J iiraeLi and a larvo ijiiautily i.f naul *!"«*. Napier landed hid uinrliiitu, n.nuiiJ a nurt«11o lower, and mrrierl off citrbtv prisoner*. In (he NiivemLcr 6 ill.™ inn he wan em- ploieil in a laud openiiun at I'alinuro, wliieli he l.r.imht lo a auervKpfiil innne. In ■!.■■ hsrlHior "ere t-n ifuii-l.ualn and a mimWr ,.f i :ite!.i.,t v-rfk and to nlta.'k Hi- -p a- iv.ll nt the furt lhat uYf.-ii-litl il.em. I" |t:iiu Nai-it-r landed w.th -11." in i, >.f i lie ittnil 11.1,1 . the lusrit.ii ff hi- run ti-»— I and of the /, »rKN->.nnda1..-h of uilon He ,;..mi-.l itieh-tL-1,1- ai the lu. k of the l..*n. and held Im )'"■' there. thouiHi a«aih d l.r liri-f l-*tii«. -f Fwneh tr....p». niit'il thet Il-win/ dar: then, lindin.- him-ilf uu..!.1
ni ihrr
I-iv.rr lhat pru- .: went on board
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.ri-d thai )■!■ ittltim 'a- f-nvnilallr I |
:i> i i.l!' milt them all the remain) u ; |
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•■■■r* and th.K. .s tiirarr lo the , |
■ ::■ l«,tt. tirn'j-ti.j ni-nbaiit veavit. |
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i.ii r.iuiii.fnly eiii. ri.iini-i, he > |
ill a creai ijiiauiilr i-f naial rtore* |
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• ; 'h tui'l li.-eti protitl- 1 f.>r the eon. |
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i -k. 1!. .h-.. I....ihml'..nu i |
"lurfi.in nf a fleet at NapW |
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■ri-t -n Siri». that hi |-e*e4.ed no |
"tl iht llib of Mar. l«li Captain |
ninl In- ihe
, . «iHl.iil In jidc I:..-. I'm '. all Jck(-I the p..rt of (*apri, ll.al if he bad lo-n in *h re he *ili'tiee<l a furl aud a batten |.pi1*'i|r wuiild bate all. r a la.j ln.nfv' eaunonade within i name lh.ru a* ha did pulofahot. anil carried off or destroyed rife iu«nty«iirhi mcrthaDt Tcanab, though
Island of Ponia, and though he bad to contend with four heavy batteries and a strong tower, he accomplished the matter with trifling loss.
ThiswasCaptainNapier'alMt marked exploit Id the Thame. He waa soon after removed to the Euryalvi, but had no opportunity of doing more than driving whole fleets of merchant vessels for shelter under batteries, until the year 1814, when he was ordered to America. His vessel was one of a squadron under Cnpt. Gordon, and Napier led the way in the very hazardous ascent and descent of the Potomac, though (he navigation was little known and the hanks were lined with bat- teries and riflemen ; and he afterwards served with much distinction in the operations against Baltimore.
The close of the war in 1815 put a long period to his activity. His ship waa paid off, and he received the deco- ration of C.B., but he was ptaecd on half-pay, and remained out of active service for fourteen years. In 1815 he married Eliza, the daughter of Lieut. Tounghusband, R.N. This lady was the relict of Lieut. Edward Klein, R.N., and had four young children (two sons and two daughters), who were treated by Captain Napier as his own, and assumed his name. The sons arc the present Major- General EI era Napier, and another Captain Charles Napier,
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 478
9 Portngueee nary, nd, finding it covered ■ favourable opening, which Ih
'-■'■ - --■'-■' - — '-" to aaeail, Om aV
ftpbw, but, in Dm
but here he met with » defeat; the opinion of tin whole fleet, aubatltatlng
ire, he proceeded at otic* proceeded I umpiring hud ; ranging the Admiral'
to remodel it with an unapering head ; ranging the Admiral a plan, bat, in the
officiate proved too lining for him, ■ much battel one, and bringing the nod, after • good deal of angry re- bottle to a aueedy termination. Sir crimination, be threw op Um appoint- BobL Btopford highly
hly resented that; i Copenhagen, hit mate bad boon aao-
and, after • good deal of angry re- crimination, be threw op Um appoint- __ meat In diagaet, and returned to Eng- bot, like Saloon at land. dlaobedient anbordlnata ni
In 1BSS the captaine good-eerrice ccaaful, and oared little lor bla anger,
penaion waa awarded to bin ; and in the The Commodore wm next deapateiod
ami year ho waa appointed to the com- to blockade Alexandria, which ha did
nmnd of the Powerful, 84 gnna, and Bailed for a time, until he knew that bad'
for the Mediterranean, wbere ho had weather waa approaching, which woold
the opportunity or effecting highly- aoon oblige him to quit bla post, when,
important eerrice, in which hla eipe- with tme wladom and a bold diare-
rleDce gained in land operation! waa gard of all personal cooeequencca, he,
turned to good account, and he waa on hla own authority, opened a negoci-
able to ehoir thai he pooaeaeed all the ation with Hehemet All, and concluded
rcqultites for military a* well at naval a convention with him In the name of
command. He waa nominally ■ecood the Allied Power*, which guaranteed
In command to Admiral Sir Kobert the hereditary sovereignty of Egypt to
Siopfonl ; but when the war between bit family, and in virtue of which they
the Porte and Mcbemet All broke oat, now rale that province. Tab atop waa
he made himeel/ In met wholly inde- at flrat vehemently censored by the
pendent. "-g"-1- *-'tt— tor at CematMltawpb,
In August, 1840. Commodore Napier by the Admiral, and by the Govern-
waa despatched to Bey root, and on the ment at homo, and the convention waa
arrival of the nl of the allied fleet, repudiated. Bot In a abort lime wiser
ho landed at Iljounl Bay, where he counsels preTailed : It wna allowed that
formed a regular encampment, of about the Commodore had ahown himeelf an
SiM.ui men, ium],w*d of Briliah atilora able diplomatlat, and the Eastern que and marine*, Turks, and mountaineers, who readily took anna againat their
Egyptian oppreaaore. After a few days. On bia return to England, he waa ere-
shi-a the Commodore'a force was some Bled a K.C.B, and appointed one of
what organiaed, he attacked and de- the naval aMea-de-camp to the Una an,
featcd a large body of the Egyptian bealde receiving various foreign at
form at Kelboon ; a few day* later he and a gold medal act with die*
■formed Hidon, where a garriaon of from the Porte, and waa included In
27(H) Egyptians laid down their arm* the tbaaka voted by both Hooaea of
to bia force of onlr Htrtt; and earlr in Partiaiasiit.
itctolwr be attacked and defeated Hire- At the general election of 18*1, Sir
him Puna blmaelf at Boharenf, among Charles Napier waa elected M.P. for
the heighta of llouni Lebanon. Three Msrylehone, and wade himeelf eea-
■oreeaaea ranted a general ruing of the apk-uoua in Parliament, not only by
mountaineers, and Ibrahim waa ao bit Liberal opinion*, but by hit sharp
prraeed, that he battened to leave the cipoearea of naval abnaea, and hkt
countrT and retire to Egypt. Whllrt eameat endeaveora to preanote the
Napier bad been thus engaged inland, welfare of the teamen. Including the
the allied fleet had reduced eeverel mariaea— for Lir-milltary Uatea made
cowl townt, and at length it waa re- them a favourite eorpt with him, ulvcl to attack Ibe (amove itronghold la 1847, Sir Charlea reeeiTed the
of Acre, which bad been fortified by command of the Channel fleet, with
European engineer*, and waa cooal- which he extended bia erniaea to the
derrd all but impregnable. The attack Strnita of Gibraltar, where he com-
ass made on tbe 4th of November, pelted the Emperor of Morocco to
ami wat entirely tucrcaafaL The Ad- nuke compensation for Injarias done
mini had aaalgaed their noetliena to to Brttbth wares, aid eereraly
the varioaa veaneUaf bit fact, bot In cheat toad the Biff ■tretae, digging an
Mden Napier dm- and baraing the owls that tfcfbad
of naval reform through the public press, kept him prominently in tbc public mind ; and when the Russian war broke out, ho stood so high in public estimation, that tin unanimous desire was expressed that ho should be employed against llio enemy, and Lord Aberdeen's Ministry were com- pelled, against their Inclination as was generally believed, to nominate him to the command of tho Baltic, fleet. The highest expectations were formed of the exploits to be performed by a com- mander so distinguished for daring. He was inaugurated in his command by a dinner at the Reform Club, which attracted an unfavourable notice. The Baltic fleet, as is well known, bad but little opportunity of earning distinction. The capture of Bomarsund was the most memorable action during Sir Charles's, command. On his 11 turn to England, when winter put a atop to operations, he hauled down hie flag, and Admiral Duudas succeeded him. The accusations and recriminations which were so freely exchanged bc> tween the dtsnppointed admiral and the Government, it ia not necessary to record. But it ia undeniable (hat the licet which was collected gradually in the Baltic, though composed of some of our finest screw ships of war. and commanded by brave and skilful offi- cers, was manned to a great extent by
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 475
DKATHH.
amion of Parliament he hiliotiml i*r- wrone. fearlcm In aiWooatlnR (he right-
aeverincly in the Mam:. Thonirh |wr- mil not In lie lurntil from hin Four*.- l>J
ha].* iini very nue>H,.-..ful in irlurmiiiit any con fhleniti oils, penwiial or poli-
llif l.nnh rnaimiminni-ni nf (lie Ail mi- ileal.
ralty, lie certainly aunveileil in pro- liwluV hi. KnirlUh hr.nr.in>. Sir ChM.
riirinpt for Ihu witiKn very many im- Xapivr uu a Kniehi of Maria Theresa
prov.mrnli. in lli-ir pay. treatment, ami of Aiiatrin, Kiiiuht .if St. tironrc of
romiilion. He al-o lalwiire.1 Hrrua- lt.Mr.il, Knight of Hi.- Ite.l tUclu of
nurty in plaelni: lliv country in riviirity I'tuMist. lirnn'l I'ih-m of the Timer uul
(■* ilm*inir forth ll« naval rt~nurce«. S*»ril of 1'nrlunl, * jrramlec of the
The health nf Sir I'li.irle. Napier lir.1 eh^.an-l t'.ninl Pap* rH. Vincent
■uRercl ktfti'It from the nulrtim i.f in the pftnae of thai kiiunlom.
hi* Baltic p*iui«izn ami the wilm-picnt .WorW. :i. At I'm. fiance. Lady MIL-
■lima* ion* in rarlinm-Tit. y.i he j--r- liken Napier.
petereil in hi- *;Mr>Uiiii-f. ami huh n M-irrh an. At Ktneini:lon, ftyn'il 7",
rnnolant unniki-r on n!l (nl.j.-.-t-. ..f John Niirrieu. cr).
national ini|-rt.in>-. 11- «•■.- at h-t Th- -l—a- ■■!. »hn n»«l hi* ri'ts in
1. v the fxiriK-. of t'.er. -. m' [.r-.tr.i-i .1 k.'i ■ mi n'jiii-i.iti'it -h.il. in I'allmiiH.
w-.inn,an.lu«v.-r-nirj"k..| .tj-tir,r. Hi. nl.ilili... l...mv,T. |<r«'iire.l him
ran-int him t.i th- crave aft- r a -hurl t'rii inl*. anil lie «a« n|<|M>iulcil to the
Him-*.. Airreeal-lv to hii-nn ni-li. he li»*l Military r..!leL-c in 1-H. In
■a» liK-m-l in a priv.V lu.iuner ai l-.1i hr wan ma.|<- Mailnmatieal I'm-
I'ath-rina-ton. nmr M-r-hi-'-nii hn'.l. fc—ir of the Senior llcpariinenl, anil
hi" wal in Hampshire, h" nan lone Ihv virtual heail of the
Like many other mnnl-r* nf th- i-laliM-hnn-iil. H> wan the author of
Napier 'amih. Sir t'harl» »v> a m.m »-i-rsl n.-irntili>' work*, aiuonr which
nf l.l-rarv anility. 11- l,v i... ni-an- hi- " lli-tnn nf A-truu.imy - met with
iii-l.-.|, h" wa- n-.f|.-i-!i ■■'■ hi />••:••:.. A -.— I •':', the l-iilv Emily
thte null-r- an-l .li.t im' .! . jn-ti-.. Ne-lhwo. -1 Hv-het-hon^., Hn-k«.
fohhix-altal.nl. Ili--nrh.-' .i'i.t -,.r .'■■•: -J-t. At S.-,.- In hall, au" ii S<.
■n-ra»»»iith..r»-i.»l..rai 1-tt'in.u II. i.ry Nel'iiorpe. lale ll.M.l-ih
li- whlm-Hl a -iri. • of !.■"• r> '.i l^.r.1 L'Hi— r>. atoi onlv litxilher of Sir JuLu
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a-e. ||. |
dx-i'ark. |
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II. I>. |
Nrvill |
. lair or |
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> catlant |
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i.v, hav- |
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Inrinc |
the M- |
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:<-. »h |
.r- h- |
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rel.el-,.i |
..tle-ati.l |
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Hewan al.n |
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.f Alma |
1 ll |
,Wiu.;m. |
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i.f Srlti |
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n-l il.Tx.-e |
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.■.Sji.ii... |
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11.-WI ►'.', |
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t. J.I'. |
for th.' |
h'n'T>-r. Wire at-pHM.' Ih- ..M t>ln(nt ••■ a liemati. liatdly. franl ■
Jan. 17. At Moibnil Park, Warwick- shire, Letitia Penelope, widow of the Hon. Berkeley 0. Noel, brother of the present Karl of Gainsborough.
Nov. 25. At Arundel Castle, aged 45, Henry Granrille Fiti-Alan Howard, l*th Duke of Norfolk, Premier Duke and Earl in the Peerage of England, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, and Norfolk, and Baron Fits.Alan, Chin, Oswaldesl re, and Malt ravers, Hereditary Earl-Mar- shal and Chief Butler of England. He was the eldest son of Henrv Charles, ISth Duke of Norfolk, K.G., by the Jjady Charlotte Lcvcson-Gower, eldest dau. of George Granville, first Duke of Sutherland. Although a Roman Ca- tholic, the late Duke was sent to Eton, and passed thence to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he completed his education. He entered the army as cornet in the Royal Horse Guards, but retired soon after attaining the rank of captain. Ho entered Parliament in July, 1837, as M.P. in the Liberal in- terest for the family borough of Arundel, which he represented without in termia- Bion, down to the middle of the year 1851, when, finding that his sentiments on the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill were not in accordance with those of his father, he accepted the Cbiltern Hundreds, and was immediately returned by the elec- tors of Limerick, Mr. John U Council retiring in his favour. He left the House of Cntni»«— -• "■
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 477
DKATH8.
Unity of aognLring fresh and of mho- Hamilton, 1b Wimpolo st, Mri. IwwM
lidsllng pnvloas knowledge, promised von Orllcb, of the Prussian Qnarda, ft
■ career honourable to himself, mad, knight of eaters! order*. The deoaesed
he raluod far mc^ advantageous — not only dhrtlngnlahsd In fta " —
i public, had It plowed God to alan eerrioe, bat took an aetiie p
bim." Mr. da Normann m In the operations of *• British en
India, where he waa sent o
ithsPras-
nn Ik tntUluuj
b j the King of Pratt* after ultra in Affglaniatan. 9W rule la India deeply interested hii eympathies, and he not only pnb- liahed, in German and In English, two> Interesting volumes of hla natpasaj experienees, bat ha in engaged during the latter yean of Ma life In a laborious
. _.. _, , and conscientious study of the "Hie*
relict of the Bot. T. H. Noyes, Tiesr of lory of BritUh India," of which two
to tha
nuTasth
Jan. 58. Suddenly, at Wateringbury, aged SO, Lord North, el J Ml eon of the Her. Frsocla North, elxth earl of Guildford. Hla Lordahlp married, in 1 BSO, Charlotte Maria, third dau. of the Hon and Bev. William Edon and the Dowager Baroness Ony da Ruthyn; and
Bslheaston, and abler of the late Sir E. B. Baker, bnrt.
Jan. 13. At Cotham, near Briatol, aged 73, Lieut-Col. John JefferyO'Don noshue, late of tha Hadraa Army.
liar. 27. At Chriat Church, Ox- ford, aged 8i, Hint Ogilria, aittor of the Ber. Or. UgUric, canon of Chriat
Ji». IS. The body of Mr. Hugh Master O'Orady, High Sheriff of Lime- rick, waa dlsrorered In the rirer near New Pallaa Station. He waa Lest aeen on the 8th December, and It aecnu that he destroyed himself in a At of tempo-
™J.
Monk IT. At Battel -place. Btgcnt'e- perk, aged 81, Mrs. Sophia Unalow, widow of the late Oen. Denail Unalow, of Htaughion House, Huntingdonshire, and dao. of the late Sir Stephen Lush- ingtoo, bail.
Jan. 50. At Brighton, aged 72, Do- mlnick Browne, Lord Oranmore and
volumes have already appeared in Ger- many. Hia other worfca are the " lift of the Grant Elector" and the " War ha Silesia." He married the only da lighter of Mr. George Matthew, of Fowlers Hall, Kent, and alaler of H-M.'a Scera-
eeq., of Hale, Iincolnahlra.D Camba, and Polebrook, Notts., the last of an ancient family, eon and heir of Walden Orme, eaq., of Peterborough, and 18th In direct deeeent from Id- ward I. He waa formerly an officer in the Uth Light Dragoons, with which regiment be aarvod la the actions of
Quire Bra*. Gemappes, and Waterloo.
April 11. At Sedbury Park, Gloqees.
tcrehire, aged 79, Sarah, eldest daughter
of the late John Latham. H.D., F.k\8\, of Hsrley -street, and of BiadwaU Hall,
Cheshire, aod wife of George Onaerod, D.C.L., P.R.&.ofTyldealey,l- -—"-'--
Browne, a Privy Councillor for Ireland, and Sedbury Park. He ni bom May 2$, 1787, and waa the too of Domlnick Geoffrey Browne, a noled member of the Irish and Imps- rial Parliaments Ilia IxinUhip ml in the Liberal Interest for Mayo from ISIS until he waa created a peer in 1&S6- In 1511 he married Catherine Anne Isabella, eldest daughter and co-heir of the late Henry Monck, coq-, by whom he lea res one son.
Fib. i. At Hnlkin street West, Bel- grave square, Mary, Countess Dowager uf Urford. daughter of the late WiUhua wen ops Ataguilus Fswkener, esq-, many yenn fi — iiiea Clerk of the Privy Seal. She married. Mag 3. At Dnnacondrn Csatlo, tra-
in 1912. Ilorsilo Walpole, third Karl of land, aged 81, One* Leaden, Dowager Orford, who died December IBM, and Marchlon— of Ormonde. He* hsiy- hu left issue, ahip waa tha escoad daaghter of lit
/aaelBuddeaJy^thahowssnfAaaa. Bight Hon. John Staples, ana ssarrisd.
egad «, eaq.. fifth son of 0*™ Ormerod, D.C.L.. P.B.S., and of Sarah, daughter of Joan Latham. M.D., F.rLS. Bdncated at Bugby, he atndied for tha surgical profession at St Bartholomew's, when he obtained tha Jaeksonlaa Prise in lStl In IMS ho eettled at Oxford, and waa shortly ehMted aargaoa to the Badeliffe Infirmary. In IMS, howarer, ho waa compelled by illness to relinquish the bright Mospecta whloh
April 18. At Portland-place, Bt. Helier's, Jersey, Brook Taylor Ottley, esq., of Dolaford, Dublin, and lata Commissioner of Public Worts in Ire-
Marrh 10. In Owen's -Street, May- fair, seed 77, Col. Richard Bayer Otto, formerly Quartermaster - General at Madras.
Dec. IT. At the residence of John Lambert, esq.. Garret's Hall, Banstead, aged 78, Colonel Hugh Owen, a distin- guished officer of the Portuguese ser-
Tho deceased, who belonged to a good Denbigh family, began his pro- fessional life in the Shropshire Volun- teers, of which he was gazetted captain in 1803; but having obtained a com- mission in the army, he embarked for Portugal in 1908 with his regiment, the 16th Light Dragoons, under the command of Lord Combermere. Dur- ing tho early campaigns, he was engaged in the cavalry Affairs of Albergaria, Orcijo, and Oporto, as far as Salamondc. At the battle of Talaverahc commanded the nnitcd skirmishers of the 14th,
was gazetted captain of cavalry in the Portuguese service, and served in the retreat to Torres Vcdras, and on the subsequent advance. In the battle of
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 47ft
sum.
F.8.S., ef Banwt-falll. Bath, eUeot MImAm Mr w •» OiBqMRta of
brother o/ tbe late Admiral Sir W. It- Qneen Adelaide. Ho ha* rewaaonled Putt. Brighton tn Partiameat for tvmty-lre
March 11. At Haitian, aaad W, tmih, having been tnt Mtnmed in Lady Parne, relief of the Re*. Sir 19M. He married. In Anceri, 1SW, CorenlrT Payne, but, and third dan. the He*. Katharine AniMb Brahemp, of the late Peter Wright, eta, of Hat- Jan. aw! co-heinea of Ibe hie Lord Da fi<klrrtotr. U Eotrefce, bat learea no aula bane.
Jfer. ». At Hal), wed M, John Peehell, aaa. J.P. of KhigBteu-apoa- Hull, and of Omilderoy Hoaaa, Derby- ■bin.
Aug. II. At »criek, near Tori, aejcd 70. tba Rev. Frederick Peel, Pro- l-coil of Liaeoin Catbedial.aad fonuerir Itwtor of Willinfthiro. uJ m of the late Lawrence Peel, eaq., of Ardatek.
A'ew. IT. On the day he Bailed front the anehoinge off tba Pel bo Brror Ibr Hoaa Kong aad Borland, CapL Peel,
d an aapraaUeeahi* at aaa on board a Ttbo eollier. and waa preened
in Yarmouth- road* in 1801). Ho maa
in the a**? tu the cafcoa of quarter.
muter nod eapaaia of the fere- top ;
and. healdce amaller attain, he aaa pre-
wnt at the battle of Trafalaar. Lord
Uollinrwuod appointed him aailhw-
inarter ia lall; and bo afterward*
m-mrd in tbe WeaE Indite, and on tbe lad Bat. of lit Rovafak
roaat of Labrador, with Captain Morrej, Sidy 93. In flraannoT-paaee, ansd
nf H.M.-t friaata ['-tow. 54. Lady Mary Pelhan.
-Wii, 13. Anmi o". the Her. Oeorae Dre ». At Eaat Hnnrnry, Sor-
resraoa. Kortorof Oballo Camp*. Cam- rar, aaed SB. Willmm Penmen, eaq.,
n of biah fla*. formerly CenioJ-Geaeral tetho rhnmrre
J and tbeolotrieaJ attainment*, and of Braill. Mr. Pennell aaa Conaal at
im time Christian AdToeat* ia the Bordeaux at that ratenotlne period of
irundty of Cambridge. He mar- European hurtorr when the firet Bona-
rieil. in IMS. Catherine, arennd dau. parte made hia eaeape from tbe bland
nf the hue PblHp Ham heritor., eaq., of Klba in 1S15, and rendered rerj
in 1*15.
uiwfiil aeTTiee at that eriab.
In 1917 Mr. Penned <
Philip Ham Tired only el Jaae *>. At Hill-ctrect. Berketa*- Mimre. Vlee-Adaiiral Sir George fc llr-.ke Pi-chcll. M.P. for Brighton. The in I bat baronet waa the oreond eon of Major Ocneral Hi r T. R I'or bell, and aaa horn ia 17M». Ho emerod ibe new* in 1 "d. mil *u niirfahipawn of tbe 31- ■';• r at (he rapture- «f the ftpaar-b treaaare-ahipe In IBM: ami of tbe Jfc- rrmjr at tbe eajitare of bar Frwneb fri- 2»tee in l««l : alee nf tbe I'eaaa at the ilW-iuv of Viem When lit-utonant of lb* Afamf-awa ho breaarhl oat with her tVatta a Inner from under the het-
<-.->nira*n.tcr of the iVi|i*n and Kirwil off N-w York and (liarhMown ia 1-H, and.f the TtaMroa Ih* North Ameri- can elation, iht ohtainlae hia rank bo retired apon half pay. I coram iaaiona hore dale aa HImi
inoixlor. Mar 3iHh. I'll; rantaia. Dee.
•jtoh. I»fl: mradnriral. Ilrr. ITth.
IvVj and *i<T-adn>iral. Jan. Sib. 1-J-".
In Jul*. l.«»>. tbe lata baronet aaa
n'.rainated Rentleaaaa t'aber of the 1 1
I-n.y Chamber, and ia April of tbe Had, In ISM, ate
. Hia
W Contol Oenerol at thecoort of B in l-'iv. whirh offleo he contlnaed to fill till ita abolitnn. On many eeea- ■iona daring hie enVial career he m- eeiTed the warn) eaeannndalion of bta
l>uring hi« reiMeaee (n BratH, ihroeeb a time of anal pelHieal ex- citement. reTotntlea. and danger, Mr. I'rnarll had the rood fbrtana to eont- inand the eaMoal and reapeet of all Mftka: and there are Inoaslrriai both In Portntcal and Braxtt wn» aa.il! enter l.iinirralafalnrollectionof tbeaayrata aff.mlcl th-m naderhhi roof when tbetr lire* were jeorardited by tbe nantneni of "pparlac far lion*.
Mr. Pennell married Bimbrtb. dm. of tit* Re*. Jaaaaa Carri Baton, Pltlni darr of Kaeter. h* whotn (who died at an adTaapedBKelalSMlbe had Iwenty- two children, man* of whom rarrrra l.iro: arjanrdaof a'bandred HnealoV ■x-rndaaU are no** Irrtaa; to ntonrn bnt - - - - aUntf aav. fan. J. WV
___ « -,.<. ibki nun. r.award Perceval.
Jon. 28. At Whitechurch, Kathfarn- bun, county Dublin, aged 43, John Perrin, esq., barrister- at -law, eldest son of the Right Hon. Judge Perrin.
June 16. At Plumstcad, Kent, aged 81, Dame Louisa Augusta I'errott, wi- dow of Sir E. Bindloss Perrott, barL, and third dau. of (he late Col. N.
Bayly, M.P. bee. 31.
,t Wiesbaden, aged 63, the Hon. Edmond Sexton Pery, youngest sou of the first Earl of Limerick.
Nov. 26. At hia house at Ockham, Surrey, in consequence of being thrown from his phaeton, aged 93, Jas. Peto, esq.
Jan. 31. After a short illness, aged 61, the Rev. John Thomas Pine-Coffin, or Portledge, Devon, Rector of Al wing- ton, and Prebendary of Exeter.
Afar. Lately, of wounds received in an attack made upon him by one of the chiefs under Negouaai, the rebel Governor of Tigri, while on his nay from Gondar to Maaaowa, Mr. Plowden, Her Majesty's Consul in Abyssinia.
Feb. 7. At Brunswick-square, Brighton, aged 20, Charles Davenport] Polhill, esq., youngest son of the late Edward Polhill, esq.
Nov. 30. Harriet Louisa, youngest dau. of Gen. Sir George Pollock, O.C.J1.
June 11. In Stauhope-atreet, Hydc-
fark -gardens, aged 63, the ltev. Baden owe]], M.A., F.R.S. The deceased was the pld»»t ■»» «'
481
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS. Z>«.S*. AlBrighton.agedTl.Lleat.- fleet, which blockaded Genoa, pose- Gen. Ralner, C.a. K.H., Colonel of the tratod Into the town, and pn proo* HotrI Welah Foeilism of great intrepidity In nrion aoftiae,
>«■. 4. At the Vicarage, Weat Ham, He renamed to Italy In 1801 at Dm aged TO, France* Anne, widow of the head of ■ picked corpe under Ik* eonv lat* Abel John Bud. eeq . of donatio, mand of Marat, iu appointed Qo- Ireland, and latt anrTiTing dan. of the Tenor of Florence and Chief of th* late John Port, eaq., of Ilam Hull.HUf- Staff of an army of obaemtion. He wu promoted to Ike tank of General of Brigade at M yuan of aft, arrred In (he eainp of Boulogne, «■* mat into Bavaria and Austria In order to ******* the preparations for war, and enbee- quenlly filled rarlooa medal mission* at Verona, Milan, and In the Interior. The General, by a singular chance, wai present at the neat ses-fight of ~ -l ' 1808 ho .
formed the advanced (ward at BaaUoM
h from Belgaam to Poonah, and
», Capt Fox aumm Ramsay. HJta SSth Hegt, aon of th* late Sir Alex- ander Bam***, hart., of Bel main, Kin- cardine. CapL Ramsay had received a medal for hie «ervlc*e Id the Crimea.
Aug .1*. Atl^lace^rardtin-vlllee, Ken- sington, aged 08, Henrietta Randolph,
aiater of the Uto Quo. Sir P. MaTtland, to the rank of General of Division. He
U.L'.B. vaa selected bj Marshal Latuea to b*
a. S. At Edinburgh, aged 73, the the Chief of hi* Staff, and at Oatra.
lea* Anna Catharlna de Reed* leak* bo defended In* town against
d'OudUhoorn, relict of Jantea Dunbar, fonr time* th* number of Ruariana, for
eaq.. formerly of H.M.'e Slat Light which he wa* named Alde-de Camp to
Ihagoon*. and youngest eon of th* late the Emperor. After lb* peace of Til.
L-barlee Michel Joseph Count Keltic, Senior Manhal of France and Senator. Thin dbtlniroliihed wldier of the Em- pire iu bora at Aatibea (Vurl, of a good family. He entered the army at IT a* eerond lieutenant In the 114th Hegt. of Inf., and made hie firm cam- "n Belgium. Aa aide-de-camp to
pain i
Italy- He
■nd captured Roma, lie returned t* Germany, and, at the head of a divanon or the Unaid, supported General Lao- rirtou at the battle of Wagrum. Ha again went to Spain In 1810 a* Go- vernor of Karaite — beat Mina twice, and aarinted Suchet with hi* troop* to capture Valencia. He commanded in A natron until the close of lb* year lnl2, when be r of the ermv of Portugal. 1 on the Kldessoe, at Ortbea, at louee. Pear* baring t be married the duagfaler of Manhal Miiwii At the return of Napoleon
• fought
I at Ton-
diatlncuiehed bimeelf at the battle*
Moatcuottc. l>cgo, Lodi, Kiroll. toe
Itrrnta, where he waa wounded, Areola,
and Helluno. At Tama he charged * _ . . .
regiment of ca**lrv on the ire. Pro- from Kibe, he received the n
moied to the ranks of captain and the Snd Corp* of the Army of (J beer -
major of cavalry on the field of battle, ratio* on the northern frontier, and
he accompanied Mi— m to lb* army waa created a Peer of France on the
or llelretia a* adjutant-general, and 15th of Jane, 1616. HI* advanced
the plan of the campaign waa adopted guard attacked the Pi mail* ontpoat*,
chieflr from bla report. He fought a* and drove Ihem back on Marchlenu**,
Cuirc'end at Schwiii. replaced Oudlnot He commanded the Snd Corp* at
In nil command, subseqaenUy covered Waterloo. After the battle ha covered
the retrograde movement into the Mat- Paria with hia diviaton at Uunnanu, and
teat bnl, and took an active part In the cuheeqaentlyretreatedbehlnd the Loir*.
Ilalinaki waa The armv having bee
battle i
which Prince Ilalinaki l
He was appointed i ,,.<,.
superior Com inittoc of Infantry in 1838. lie was elevated to the dignity of Mar- shal of France on tlio 17th of Septem- iicr, 181", being the last Marshal named by Louis Philippe. General lteille was created Commander of the Legion of Honour in IBM, Grand Officer in 18U, Grand Cross in 1815, and Count of the Empire the same year. He was buried at Pere La Chaise on the 9th March wilh all the obsequies due to his high
Dec 22. At Kingston, Jamaica, the Hon. Richard O'Reilly, Judge of H.M.s Supreme Court in that island.
Afarchii. At York-terrace, Regent's- li ark, Oeorgo Ronnie, esq., the son of George Itcnnie, esq., of Fautussie. East Idthian, the agriculturist, and nephew of John Rennie, the engineer. In early life, Mr. Iteunie was a sculptor, and, amongst other works, produced the " Grecian Archer," which he presented to the Athenaaum Clnb. He also sug- gested to Mr. Ewart, in tbe year 13311, the Parliamentary Committee, which led to the formation of those Schools of Design which have since siren so great an impulse to our arte and manufac- tures. In 1341, he was returned to Parliament for Ipswich, and was after- wards appointed the Governor of the Falkland Islands.
iVW. 20. At Springfield, near Cbclma- '--> -™H gg, John, Alley Repton, esq.,
which the
tensi*ely e the kin gdi the Repton ployed by day, both i
of this gei
lather and conjointly, tions, for i be named, i to occupr " niinater," foi
fori I'Uckler M also appei the Pavili Atlg.t.
T8, the 1<
Weatmin
AW. J
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 48ft
DEATHS, nf " The Duke'* Own Regiment." the Peninsular war-medal was at last, ou :::ird Kiwi. KicliM «** present at llie (he 1st nf June. WIT, accorded to the ri<irniinc and rapture uf SeriDtrapalani, veterans: of (hat Brent contest. From ami nl*oai th-: hatllea uf Li-joy. Quatrc l-ly (o I SI 9 the late Duke sat In the l!r.i». and Wau-rt-Ju. Ilnn-c uf Commons Tor Chichester. In
"•■>. (]. |n Portland pi., acrd iKi, politirJ, of latu year*, he was a mp- (')iarle* (h>rd on -Lennox. Duke uf IHcli- porter of the I'onvcnative party, and a
t) I. Marl uf March, ami Hsron nf determined opponent (o the repeal of
SrtiriDtfluB. eo. York, in the peerage the rum-fair a. The Itufonn Bill, how- Tf Kim) and : Duke of Iicnnui, co. ever, received his muiport, and be vat I hi Kit-art i>h. Earl of Dander, ro. lien- l\i; Imager- General iu Earl (ircy'i Ad- frrw. and Baron Met linen of Turbolinu. ministration, and formed one of the I'll. Ayr. in Hie peeraiM nf Scot land, inrinber* of the CaMnet from 18S0 to KM., and aim Duke d Auldimy in (he lv-' : he al.o sure hi* support to Lord I»'iT.iL.-i- i.f Fraii. ■. Tli.- driv'iidl win M<-I1«>iiriic'* Government. The dc-
Hii—M^i f Chart. -\ fourth Duke, f,^.l n.it.lenum was a aralniu affrienl-
l-v l.ili r!ur!>.tf - thitilnii. eldest dau. lurisl. ir:i- one of the founders of the ..f .1 Wander, fourth Duk ■ of liardon. I! .y»l Aeji-iriiltural feelers' nf England, Alter a: I education at Westminster ii-i-1 had held thr offlee of President of School. Hi-.- y,.nni: Earl entered the iho Hoyal Highland and Agricultural iinny a. eu-iirti iu the Mh carriim S icicly, a* well as of the fctoiilhrleld I ■:in.il: ■■.■!. :ui' I ■■■r.irii' for a -tiert period L In It. lie was one or (he princely snp- a* aid<- ili- ■■ani[i (.. hi* father, tlicu porters of Iho turf, the annual races at I or I f.j' titi-na!ii "f Ireland, he joined (inudwimd Park aflnnline scope for the Hi- v..riv'j in Portugal in July I*ln. a* divplay of his eenrrous hospitality, and aid" de i-ain p and ait'iVunt military hy hi? hoeouralde hearing and (rank •'Tivtarv in the Duke of IVrllinirtoii. luaoncni on all occasion* ha had en- "I'll »li. rin lip nmairiid until the close dcan-d him*clf tu n large circle of »f Hi- war in 1-11. II" w.ih present at frl.-nd*. while l.olh in England and In Hi- I. ml-, of linear, i and Fitcntv* Jutland he was esteemed lir hi* tcnan- dmi.ir. •-'..rmin.' of (in lad HodriBo. trv a- ode of I lie !.*-[ »r landlords. Hie ' .rn.im- of ll..daj.r. haiiles i.f Sala- lira" nan. with (he i-xceptlnn of the m in a Vi'.'ori... ..nd tlw Pii.i].-« Hie >1 .ir.|ii-» "f Exelcr. the -cni..r Knie-ht tir-' -••irinin; "f ■•.in S.>l.i,tLin. ai-timi .if iho darter, having? received that a- V.-n. -ii,.| |...tH,,.f 0:<},i-. Hi nhi-h or I- r ;n !-:•*. He was. Lor. I -Lien tenant, ■ ■■,-■ n !i- ».*■ -■.-■r-l-. wo'ind-'-l in <'■!-•■■* llutnltr.iiii. and V ire-Admiral it.- . ■.■--■ 1'V a tii'i-k- : li.il I. wlii.-li wai of itnaies. eoliMiel of Hie Itnval Sussex
ii v. r-Ttr. I. li-irittj-tli.'.Jinj.aivu Artillerv and l.ialit Infant rr'llitUl inns
iu u.. X-!1i.t!.i!|.D I.- ■*!< aidrde. ■■'. (he Militia iwhirh rummand hie ■■inip to •!..■ IViii-' ■ -f I'r.iii-" r-l. |s?,; tira^ had h<dd from 1S1B', aide-de- K.n? "f H." .V. Hi riind-' and wa< i-nap (o the i/i»». High Steward of tr- -Hi -;', liitii ..• Hi" I. it 'I.- of Cii'A'.-er, ('hanrellor of Marisebal '.'ii'r. Ilrt* ind W.it.r?-., Affi-r Hie I '■•'!■ e*. AWnleen. and hereditary IV,- ■<" (irii;-. ■■■ wouii'!.d at (oii-taliioof InverneM t'astlc. (In In- W i' :' ■'. i1. ■ ..rl '-in '1 ih'* Duke or li-rilintr the larire i''(a(ra of his ma- tt" ■■'■»..■ .ii - •• itf :,'- i.l - .!■ -.in.|> ar.d i-riial unci-, the last Hake or Ciordon, r- ■■!-•:.■ 1 nil', l.uii .litrinr.- tli- r-.t of h a-^iime<l the name of Gordon, hy ". ■ m.'.i;.rii y..r hi-f miii'irv -t ntv.il letter* patent, for himself and i ' '.'(:.■! r-.'iv.-t the -ilw war ill hi* then surviving Issue. He Is :i< :■! a-i! ..•.•:.' .la't" lie married. .te..-d.-I hr hi* eldest son, (he Earl of March.
.V">-. -ii. At Atlahehad, aped 49, after a nrrin- nf thirty years, ('olonal 1^-iijaniin lEieke, eommandiug ll.M.'a l«<h K'trinieoi.
/'■•- 3. A( (^intdon-plaee. In the eialford-hirc Potteries, aired 75. John Kidirway. esq., Mairistrate and Depots/- l.i-ut. of Hie cuuntv uf Stafford. AV. H. In Lower 0 II i
|
! 1". 1 -IT. Li! •ar.itine l'i»i, |
|
■ di'i -f it,- !..■- Ki.ld.Mar.lul |
|
M.r,K.. ..f st.-: ■-. atil sti.-. |
|
1 '..■!..- d'lk, !-.n: -n, i|is>«-ih of |
|
:-■. I-I9. Th- d.-fawl n-i"r |
|
.' ! i.i»h.r rank than that of |
|
-..n- -..loi,.|. l.-;i hi' ..ti.vlin.-nt |
|
■ rt-'' —i-tii ■*..• a marked feature |
|
-V < ;■ hi' lif", and it wa« mainly |
|
r I-i his rr< tut ant eiertiotu that tbe |
aged' 75, tne . — _„ The deceased lady was dau. of tno u>i~ Lieut, -Col. Frauds Hals Rigby, of Mistley Hill, Essex, and married Feb. 9, 1B08, William Horace, third Lord
Feb. 2. At Sydenham, aged 61, Jane, youngest and only surviving dan. of the late Francis Kivington, esq.
Oft. 6. At Hazeldine Hooae, Red- raarley, aged 60, Haj.-Gen. Sir Henry Geo. Roberts, K.C.B., of H.M.* Bombay Army, Col. of the 21st Regt, of Native Infantry. He married, in 1S3S, Julia Maria, dau. of the Rev. Bobert Rsikcs, rector of Longhope, Qlouceatenhire, by whom he has left a family.
May 27. At Dover, Mr. George Roberta, of Lyme Regis.
Mr. Roberta availed himself of the peculiar facilities which circumstances afforded him, and accumulated many documents of value relative to the events of Monmouth's Be published, in 1844, a work i
authority on that rebellion. He was also known aa the author and editor of other works.
Die. 2. At Edinburgh, aged 68, the Rev. Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Church History in the University of Edinburgh. The deceased was one of the most distinguished ministers of the •"■■■■in-h of Scotland, and he was well
third Due
oldest inemb' He was educi ford, at whicl
li A. in 180(
Man in 1814 latod to the married, on t Sarah Hay D Robert, nint whom he lew
Jan. 20. t William Cha: Painter to th
The father drawing-mas Under the j Academiciai perfection i age. Befor essayed his art in whic distinguish tures of gr he was 10 at the ag student o his innoc
The first
from W
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 486
DEATHS. •inted the thief heenttes and highest Jvtg S. At Monterideo, aged it.
families or England and Belgium, the Rowley, hart., O.C.B. number of hit work* it skid to exceed April 30. At Woolwich, aged 74, 5000. In 1837 he in appointed John Rowley, * wall-known sergeant of Miniature Punter to the Queen; in the RayalArtiHery.in which he enlisted 183S he ww elected Associate of the In 1805. He fought in fifteen battle* Royal Academy ; in 1839 Academician, tad sieges in the Peninsula, banldta •na in the Nine tot he im knighted, numerous lexer affairs, ud wu twioo Thli great success hi ■undent eTldenea wounded. For these serrlee* he re- ef the powen pnnened by Bir William ceited the war medal and eleren clMps ! Reaa. Hu likenesses were exceedingly Twice be ■erred at Gibraltar, tad the faithful and agreeable; his colouring, rrnt -f hla timi ttii jiaaanil in Inrirnirij especially bis rendering of human and Woolwich, when he wm discharged Bean, singularly pure; he wm a great in 1827. Subsequently be filled the muter of tints, of great skill In srrang- office of alevard of the Ordnance Hoa- Ingthe jxmr of hia litters, and admi- ' " rebly rrned in the selection of draperies and other accessories.
Mar. 21. At Portland-place, aged 6n,
Charles Horn, eaq , one of tbo coinmia- wood, Eaat Hiding, Yorkshire, vicar of
alonen of the Audit lioard. He ni Hi. Ularea, Old Jewry, and rector of SL
the only ion of Ocneral Alexander Martin's, Pomeray, London. Rosa, and married, in April, 18'iB, Jam. 7. At Cpper Bedford -place,
J.edy Mary, fourth daughter of Charles, Russell -square, Caroline, eldest dan. of
second Marqneaa Cornwallia. Previously the late Kir William Rule, Surveyor of
to his official appointment, the late sir. the Xarr.
Rims mi in the House of Commons .lAirol 7. At Woolwich, aged 70,
during six successive Parliament*, ha v. MajorOeuerul II. C. Huaeell, K.A. ing liccn returned for Oxford in \bii, S'ur. 1. At St. 1'eteraburg, aged 83,
for St. Ucnnanainl82d.andfor North- Alexandra Feodorosrae, the Empress
atupion in 1852 and 1*»6. He ni a Mother of Russia. Her Majesty, who
junior l-ird of ihe Admiralty in 1830, was the daughter of Frederic William,
and a junior Lord of the Trvanirr dur- or Prussia, was bom on July U, 1788,
inn the late Sir It Peel's first Admin is- and received the name of Charlotte at
tniion in if 34. Ho bad also lately baptism ; but, according to the Russian
edited and collected correspondence of custom. on her marriage, July 15, 1817,
tbelate Marquess Cornwall!*, his lather- with the Urand Duke Nicholas of
fn-Iaw. Russia, she assumed the names of Alex-
/At. 1. At Rwsmore Park, county andra Fcodorowna. Her surrlTina;
IConaghan, aged flf, Henry Robert, issue art the Emperor, the three OtasM
third l-ord Hoasmore. He sneceeded 1 takes, Conatantlne. Nicholas, and
his father in I "43. married Brat the Michael, and the Grand Duchesses
Ladr Ann Douglas Hamilton (who Maria and Olgn.
died in 1M4i. and second I*. Julia, Jmme 14. At Blebecb Farm, Pean-
dau of Henry Lloyd, esq., of Farin- brokeshire, the BaroasM da staUam,
roes, cu. Tipi-etarr.'br whom he leares wife of the Baron do Kutscn, and sister
kaaue. of the Couateaa Dowager of UcUeld.
An,, •>-. In London, aged 82, the J"*- V. At Sorrento Hoese, Torquay,
Her. James Thomas Hound. 1UI , pre- Heron. Susan Georgian*, eldest dan. of
bend of St. i'suls. and rector of All the Hon. UranriU* and Ledy O
Saints', < 'ulchrstcr, and late dean rural atrdcr- uf Colrboler. Au,,. SO. At Barrack pore, Calcutta,
Ayr.l ■.'-. At Brighton. aa«d 7H. of dtsmUry, aged M, Caps. William
Jol.i. Kuoad. r*a., Ilbrh Steward of Col- C. UneKtTea.ll M I.H., eocoad son of
rht-t.r. 11* rrpresenird the boruarbe Hie late Hugh Massy Byres, of New-
of l|"wi<-h anil Colchester at Tattoos garden, Cattle Connel, en. Limerick.
dates. between t»13ead 1*47, when he He commanded the 4th Penjaab sUaea
■sully retired from public life. at the relief of Lerkwew. Bilheor,
Yaughnu.
Dtc 23. At Bernard-villas, Upper Horwood, aged 47, Edward Alexander Samuclles, Mq, C.I)., of H.M.'h Bengal Civil Sot ice.
Jul; IT- At Omliersley Court, Wor- cestershire, aged HS, the Might Hon. Arthur Moysea William Hill, Lord Sandj'i of Unibcnsley. The deceased, who waa second son of Arthur, second Marquess of Downshirc, by limy, Baro- ness of Sandys, entered tbo army na comet. In the Kith Hussars, in July, I80B; and in 1812; U lieutenant, ac- companied that regiment to the Penin- sula, where he wub present at the action of Moral on, and the battles of Vitloria and Pampeluna. He waa on tbo stair" of tbo Duke of Wellington during the campaign of 1815, and von present at the battle of Waterloo. Subsequently be commanded the 2nd Dragoons, as Lieut.- Coloncl from tbo spring or 1S32 to Dec. 1837. He succeeded to the barony 1636, waa appointed Colonel of the 7th (the Princess Koyul's 1 1 eg i went of Dragoon Cu a rde) in March, lg.r>3, anil in August, 1858, was moved to his old regiment, the 2nd Dragoons- The de- ceased was unmarried.
Nap. 6. At Paris, Princess Sa pi eh a, of
death of bis son of Wiig Wrightingta acquired th took the tii late Mr. 8c of High Sh<
Hew
a lit
last quarter vast wealth land at Soul computed at
purchase of left a collet deceased wa
Aia-il 18 Marv Ann, eaq.,M.P.
July 1. . nged 80, 0 bcrt, one or philosopher
be transfer profession practised Friclnirg, ■
])U lilt its W
I, Lancasbii
Oct 14. At Nesick-[iark, Sussex, tbo After lilli
Lady Catherine Sauiulenion- familv of t
St§4. 24. At tiothu. ayejl Gl, the burg'Schw
Duchess Darin, widow of Duke Kntett 181b Profc
of Sssa t'oburg (iolba, and step- first at the
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. ASff
MUMtlra bat tilaaire myMUUsr, ef Ml flowmander, March I, IBM; Cut,
m. Jan. 21, U1I; Bear-Adm, Jen* 1,
Iferdt 1. AtHacknam HrJI.gcarh*- 18*8 ; and Vlee-Adm., Jel; 10, 18(7.
iNgt. Charioti*. widow ef William /■*>■*. it Um Vlwin, Drawbc,
IAr4MlWcmSeot*,eoq.,<*Wa^rjAU, aged «, the Ber. John Sharp*, D.D,
Yerkahire. for rertT-thr**y**re Vianraf that plaae,
ik, IX. At Chndlelgh, DtiM, aged and Canon *f York.
88, Vloe- Admiral Wre. leeee Soott. heart, tt. At murim Hmh, Juw,
/en. S. At Cnwaton Lodge, Lord aged H, William PigoU .Wkbergh,
Jefaa DougUe Uont*g* Bcoti. Hit eeq., of the Moot, Dontn, J.l\ forth*
levdahlp ni IMMd mm of Cherlee eonutr of Wilt*.
William, fourth Duk. of Buedeoeh, end Dee. IS. At WMtawpn-Hu*, Cot ih bora JbIj IS, 1809. He married, H. A. Bhnekburgh, Bengal Ann; he- ir. ISM, Alicia Anne, elder* daughter Ured Uat, youngeat brother of Sir Y, •f Hi, John UpoUiaToode, who auirlrea Shuck bargh, but. him. I-ord John Scott represented for July 14. At Brighton, ■gad SO, tko ■Mia yean the count; of Koxburgu. Hon. Mn. BilrerlM, of Miriater Acre*, Ho waa, howonr, better knows u the Korthnmberiand, and third daughter of patron of all mauly aporte, and. In Jjord Cemoja.
particater, he did much to promote ths Aug. U. At Bwelrutjin, Ialeof Wight,
aucoem and uphold the reaper Lability aged SS, Jane, tha wife of Major Sir John Simoon, but, and only daa. af the lata Sir Frederick Baker, bart. ./uiull. William Slrnma, eeq , r.JU ,
KeoU, fit A., iteetor or Wbliaeid, Hom- of Carwhaltoa, Some, and of Ploat-
rary Canon of Durham Cathedral, and (tract.
formerly Archdeacon of New South April 7. At Oiwat Malrern, aged SO,
Wale*. JelUager Cookaon Syrnon*, ma., one of
Jim* 14. Al Woodrille, Ueaa, Dab- Her Majejt; a Inapectora of School*.
lin, a§sd NT. (Ion- Sir Heptoa HUflbrd The too of a country cltrpau, of
HcoU, K.C.B., lata of the a l.CM. Tba ancient lineage, who held at one tine
rfeeeeeed general waa ehoain to mpre- tbe liring or Uadoago, Mr. Symone re-
Mnt ibe E.I.CB. al tb* fetter*) of the coired hia edaealion at Corpaa Chriall
lalo Duke of Wellington. College, Cambridge, wbarehcgrndrjatad
Mof " At Bouraomooth, aged OS, II. A. in 1811. Fie wne called to the
William Richard baker (telle*. Com- bar at tbe Middle Temple in IMS, bet
mender B.N- lie entered the naiy in aoon began to combine with the mora
I Ml. aetdeenred with mean dielinclian epedal dutic* of hie profeeelna a iler*-
to the deaa of the war ua ISIS. (In lien to llterarr qaeeriane of a aoaial
No*. M. IMS, with four beau, he character, and more eepeciallr I* the
raptured. e*T Capo Hoeaac. Cireim, It aUlUUn of erieae, edueellon, and ether
' ht fMra, kindred looice. U* waa appointed, lo
■trthreo conan^flence, one ef the — miniiarlmMi
of wftj- of inqairv into the elale af the amuing
nn. waa Ire killed and SAeen dietrirte ef the Kerlh and Wale*, and
led. In 1S4S waa earned one of the Inepee-
yl. Al dleckwell. Vlca-Adaelral ion. of Sehooie. Tnerarioea pampefele,
nil*r l;. ni.* f barpe, I'll. The lerlarra. ejieceb**. he., and men atebo-
•sd oar mieVhlpiiwii in the *■■' r*le tnatlera ea edaulieaial and a^lal
the Hcldcr in .-l.jwU ahiah
: eaX»r
r the ll"T*J*. at Cape
fiaiM.iUaua ■eegc ef < omrea. tn t*04 ; -ard. ef eta pagte'la ibc new eatalaajhe
Kent of the Tfmu in aetloa with two uf the fJfitiah Mueeam Mr HtmeeiB H
Preach frigate* near Corn in ISO*, aUo koowa and remerrabervd (era eM-
end Renmended the 4m* at the de- Irvrrraj ableh he carried on a-alawt
n.-il«i ef three henra armed aUp* Dr. Whewetl imputing the ra^eatUn
II* <•* I
of the i
" iff earn* en tb* nnihomhla *f ' wbiefa ha Willi id t* Wilmml •errk-e peeadea. Hia ramml aataaa" bare Bark*. II* matriad, la 1*4*. Aag* date a* followa i— UawL, Dee. 0, 1IM ; Una, daaghta* af Mr. Idward Kendall,
son of the late Mr. George Simpson, of Loch-broom, county Bon, and wu veil known as the author of a "Narrative of an Overland Journey round the World." He had held the poet of Go- vernor over the Hudson'* Bay Com- pany's settlements for upward* of thirty-five years, and received the honour of knighthood in 1841, for his zeal in fitting; out several Arctic expe- ditions. He married, in 1827, Mian Frances Bamsay Simpson, by whom, who died in 1853, he leaves a son and two or three daughters. Opinionsmay differ as to the policy of the Hudson's Bay Company j but there is only one opinion as to the ability, energy, and uprightness of the public servant just taken from them, and whose loss they will find it difficult to replace.
July 27. At Weymouth, aged Si, Major William Henry Simpson, C-B.
Nov. 2. At RcmpHtonc Hall, aged 60, the Dowager Lady Sit well, relict of John Smith Wright, esq.
May IS. At Crompton Fold, Bolton- le-Moon, aged 77, the Kev. James Blade, M.A., Senior Canon of Cheater, and Bector or West Kirby.
The deceased was a fellow and tutor of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, having graduated as ninth wrangler in 1804. He married Augusta, daughter of the late Dr. Law, Bishop of Chester, to whom he was indebted for his prefer- ment in the Church.
Od. 31. Suddenly, at Waterloo-cres- cent, Dover, aged 80, John Baker
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
enabled him to come to (be i
of tbc Commander-in-Chief, and to join in Ihc final and crowning victory or Sobiaun [February lOtbj. which cru-bcd the hut hope* of (bo Sikh Lender* mil their troop*. arid secured the poafcoiion of the Punjab to the BritUb.
at Chert ley, Hi* tanto for fun, hnmour, and literature, waa early developed, lie ia recorded In a country paper a* having aung al a public dinnor (wo aonga In the itylc of Matthew*, with a geniua and vcrnalilitr that utoniabed everybody ; and hii literary Uate he gratified by tome contribution U
for theac acrricca ho received [bo Mnlitai Time, In which appeared special thank* of the Duke of Wei- "Jupcr Huddle, or Confcaaioni of a liugtou, Lord (lough, the two H ounce 1 'iwtecting-rooin Porter." Not being
I. and 'the Kant Indii : Freedom of the City of iaiic [x llaroncl and ti.C.B., nltcrward* appointed to the Colonelcy of the Rifle Brigade. In September, 1S17. he wan Dominated i
of Pari i am en r
*of I!
Hope, and aa Ci
there, he attacked and defeated Ihc
rebel Boeni at Bocm Plaala. Augiii
1M»;
HS1,
•■bile the
Kaffir war »« raging, ifdcd in that diRicult poet, in a manner thai did nut add to tbc j-opulariiv of the Colonial Minuter, and returned to
In 1*51 Sir Harry Smith >u promole-l to the rank of l.ieul.-licncnil. ■lid appointed in I lie roumiatid uf tin- iiid midland dirl
rrr had n Ivecla.p*
medal and
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builder* in the liuk-d.'in a* well a* one uf ill Uli-t «ur. nuful ahlpoWQeM.
Mat it. At North-eml l,odgc. Ful- ham. nf a .uddeh attack uf hrouehilbi. wed 43, Mr. Alirtrt Smith, the well- known author ami pi-pular lecturer.
A1l«rt Smith aa. Iwrn mi May 21, l"l*. at t'bcrt-ci. and *a* rdarated mi M. reliant Tavtor* sIiikiI. He lirenmr a m-iiil-r ol the College id Suraeuni ill laJ". alier whieU be rcpalml to I'ana and allended the hospital uf Ibe Hotel Ihcu. tin hii return to Kngland he commenced practice with bia hither
aurgcun. he prepared view* of Ihc Krncry of ihc Alp*, together with i cle.iripLive lecture, with which he visited moat of tbc amall (owna in llic vicinity of ihc metropolia during If :tf and 1M". In l-tl be willed iu London anil commenced writing for the maira'ine., in which apjwarcd, among a variety of mi-ci Hancum articles, acveral of hi* novel*. 'The Advenlnrea of Mr. Led- bury," ■'The Scatteruond Family," ■■Tho N:irchionea* of Briovilliem," " Chriato- phcr Tadpole." and "The Pol Helen liciraey," all of which were puldiahed r-uhecuuently ■* Mpante worLi, anil were decidedly aucceaaful. I luring I ~47- 4'.' he wrote a *cric* of " i'livninlufrua," orSkclelica of London Life. In ImIU be vi..W Ibe Ka.t. anil on bin return pul.li.hrd -A Mi.nth al (..m-Unlt- nopl*. ' in which the eiaagrralrd no. (■mm renpecting ill rumance and ila Irani y were cleverly ridiculed : alid in
called "The Overland Mail/wherein be waa Ibe only perfurmcr. and, with the aid of arenrrv, he graphically rie- ►enhed ibai route He al*. in tbia viar write .two or three operatic bur. leauuea. In the autumn of Isfil be r> ii>iled ihc areuc uf bi* earlr prrdi- leciimi. and anrcceded with much dim cult) in gaining the nuniniit of Mont lllanc, a (eat which afterward* tavwnie
lSib of March." I -JJ. he p"rud0ee.l at the Egyptian Hall bia ciiti-rtaintucat of " The A* cm of Mont Blauc," wherein bin rapid hut diatinrt ulterance, bia humour. Ihc aclliwle.it,) and well- painted erenery. ami hi* careful alien. lion lo the rum fort of hia auditor*, enabled him lo achieve an unprece deuied aucccaa Tbi. emerlainmenl eolilinued a nuwlard favourite for arvcral Jean, when Mr Smith deter milled unintroilacingihe Uriliab poblie lo an entirely new bcld at obaervatiun In the automn of ISM, therefore, be
Chinese entertainments, »!«-« ya deligh t- ingbia overflowing audieneea, but which were never to entirely popular u his "Ascent of Mont Blanc." About a year ago the deceased married the eldest daughter of Mr. Hubert Keoley, the comedian.
Aug. 17. At Wootton Hall, Warwick- ■hire, aged 70, the Dowager Lady Smyths.
June 8. At Woodpark, Neaton, Che- shire, aged 70, Cum. Wm. Snail, UN., aged 70. The dacoasad was engaged in the battle of Trafalgar.
Oct. 31. At tjtaplefield, Tasrnoy Kcc- tory, aged 76, the Rev. Henry Soames, H.A., Hampton Lecturer in 1830, and Chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedral.
Feb. li. At Little Chiahill, aged 08,
Sir!'
r Buekwortu S
:, lart.
June 11. In Piccadilly, Lady Charles Somerset, widow of Oca. Lord Char lea
Somerset, second eon of Henry, fifth Duke of Beaufort, and sister lo the present Earl 1'oulett.
June 16. At Florence, aged HI, Wm. Homerville, M.I)., formerly one of the principal Inspectors of the Army Me- dical Board, and Physician to the Royal Hospital, Chelsea.
Jutj/18. At Upper Norwood, aged GO, the fie v.- John Sortain, miuinter of North street Chapel, Brighton.
Get. 23. At Whittlebury Lodge, Nor- hamnlonlhlre, Harriet, Lady e>oulham|;-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
HEATHS.
491
OH. «. In fiay-.tieci, Rath. Lieut,. Col. ft pence, C.il., late of I lie Ji«l Hiijrt. Hi: ni present with hia regiment ia ibi aeiiou of rituula, near Henna, un (lie 13th of April, IbM. suit al«o at ilio »m render of Curtis* in the um v j ear. lu 1»1S he nerved with (lie army in Xante*. In iKli he nailed for India. iu the nhiji Unit, hut the rcawl haling been burnt in the llav uf liiacay, he wn. oldufed to return. Ilcauljiu'queatly eouiuiaiidud iliv iil»t Heiiimeiit at the WllleaofMondkee, hero/. .hah. Ilud.li- ■J, und Aliwal. and the l.t llri^lu of Sir liarn Smiili'. division m Hi" l-aiilu ur Sol.raon. At Kelofr «luiL and ■( Kubnon he hail hi* hur.e aim) under him. Hi- hoi re.eived the war-medal ;ul.l i liri-f ffopjia.
/'.'.. U. At Umlni.ul.u. Hwl "1, narli.tH\nile.irU.J*|...,iiicr,e..).,M.l'., and ■lau. ..( the Int.. Vtrv Itev. X. W.-lb*rrll. Il .lU'ewi of lit
M. 1,-fn
«r in
.:..ii..-
(iihralur,
l>li i.i Himor. 0"i. of WLitl.iti liaai. and Wa-L worth. S.irtlmiii Ijj.i. -J.MI, lU-ut. iKiaca Hv
lafonL
or eight yean affo from Knjrlaud. The land now num- liem ahont 2wi peruana, who all) I keep u[> (heir notnedie mode of living.
F,b. gu. At Hid gleninuford Hall, I(i|Kin, Mred Ail. Thomas Kitehinxnun Ulavelej, ca>|., lale Captain in the Koul Knirinecr* and Ml* Tor the eity of Kijion under the fir*l reformed i'erila- tueut. Mr. rilaveley (whore original name wan Hiitchin«oiil took the name and animrial liearinpi of Stavclcy In mir-niuter uf the will or (lie late lien. Mil.> Siavi'ley iriiohut male heir of the olil Yurkihiru hoa.e of thai naniel, alio died in Julv. IMC
*/A If.. Al Shaofield-loll. ntaaoow, nid-l 74 Mr. Robert Wecle. of llroun t u,ili>, l.eller known an " Ibh Stifle." ur " 1'rovont Steele. ' lie had auiaued ii I. hi. id i- ml ile fortune hv toll kcepini;, I. Ill uliluiriL-h II- hild been thriee elected
ruiiiTiii--ii.n of the Jwneo for Ijinatk- hhirc. li" "till remained to the laM an ardent admirer of home- reel nir, puifl- li«iii. ewk tiifh'ifii;. trotting matehea, and all kind* ..f ..porta.
./.i». In. At (:i'imin»nt flalrhouae, N.H., lh" Hon M..iile«iu.-ry Stewart, ■1 l.i. t •nrvivinir roii of John.
li Ki.il
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rine, eldest dan. of the late Mr. Henry Howard, by whom he leaves a family. June 8. la Lower Grosvenor-street,
aged 88, Field-Marshal the Earl of Strafford, O.C.B., G.C.H., Colonel of the 2nd or Coldstream Regt. of Foot Guards. The deceased was the third son of Hr. George Byng, of Wrotham Park, Middlesex. He entered the 33rd Begt. in 1793, and served in that regi- ment In Flanders and in Holland in 1794 and 1795, and in wounded at Geldcraialscn. In the expedition to Hanover in 1806 he served in the 3rd Guards ; he took part in the expedition to Copenhagen in 1807, and wis in the Wnlchcreu expedition in 1809; he was with the reserve under Gen. Sir J. Hope. !□ that command he charged a detachment of the Dutch troops, tak- ing some officers and upwards of 100 men prisoners, in 1811 he proceeded to the Peninsula, when he was ap- pointed to a brigade in the second di- vision of the army under Lord Hill- He was present with it in all the move- ments and affaire with the enemy in the south of Spain, and during the period of the siege of C'iudad Rodrigo was detached with his own brigade and some cavalry to observe the movements of Gen. Foy, at Corla. In the campaign of 1813 he was engaged in the several actions of Vittoria, of the Pyrenees, of Pampeluna (in which action he was wounded), Nivelle, when ho was wound- ed and two horses shot under him ; at I lomlio. in driving the enemy's outposU
height* of £ In 1812 h of Londond' made a Pri 1831 he was Of the Ord. 1838 been n of the Bo Knighthood' be represen in the Hou
by the tltl was ultimat-
The galls Colonel oft July, 1822; of the 2Bth Colonel of 1
His lords ceived the ( military ser Cross and i
the silver for Toulon) the Order c and of St. i The con: deceased 1h September camber 1, 1794 ; Lieu Colonel, Jo June 4, 18 182S; Gei
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 498
DKATBS. age. Lord Chancellor of England and refined taatc, of moat amiable chancier, Baron Campbell. In 1K36, while her and generally popular. He nt an hiulvnd wan Attornej-Ueneral, Lady eminent antiquary, and had conducted I'ampMl waa created a pcerCM in hor the exeavationi at 1'ortici, which hare own riarht a* liaronca* Strathedcn, with enriched the Neapolitan Muaeum with remainder to her children by him. valuable epecimena of Roman art. He .Wiy 5. At Albemarlc-strect. Mary, waa nlao a diatingulahcd aculptor. But Count*** of Slrathmorc. The deccaaed he hoa a atill better claim lo the regard rounlcM waa daughter of Mr, Millner. of posterity for hia enlightened upi- of Stand mp, Durham, and married, In niona on guvernraeut. which conlraated I, John, luth Karl of Stralbmore. atrotigly with those In favour at the
who died (be day following the riag*. Her ladvahlp married, accondlr, •lib of March. 1*31. the Kight Hon. Win. Hutt. M.r. forliato.bced.
lite. ■,;;■.. At Orleud, aged 7'!, Col. Heart C. Streattield, laic of II. M. a t-7t.li llcgt. Hovel Iriah r'uailiera.
Juhi 1. Al l'aiii*wiik, (ilunceater- ■hire, aged 75, 1'oloncl Wcurge Stuart.
Jmh: Lal'ly. John Swanaton. late forester and gamekeeper at Abbolsfurd. •n old servant ..f Sir Walter Scott.
Sr/4. *J>>. At I'aphealon. Xorthum- l-crlaml. aged I'S. Sir John Edward F.K.S.L. F.A. ■ ' '
Neapolitan Cour
ahii'h, during the tyrannical reign ol hi* brother (the late King), he ex. tended to all who underwent perae- cmiou for their political opinion*.
Aj.ril -UK At Ifc.bling. near Vienna, aged i)7, Count Stcphan Szechcuyi.
Tbi* Hungarian magnate waa oue of the moat wiaely patriotic men of hit time. F.nthusiaalically attached t
.'. be
led hi* whole life, a
:ly hia reason, to her aortic*. Deeply impreaaed liy the unfortunate
Clitical stale of Hungary, and with r immenao undeveloped wealth, be Irfiii'lon and I'crth. aud l*rcaidenL of applied all hia encrgica to ameliorate Uie Society of Anti'iuarie* of New- her condition. Aa wiae aa patriotic, casllc upon-Tync, alnee tbe year of it* he perceived that any struggle for formation. 1*1S. national indepeudenee mutt result in
Tb-' dci-ca*«l waa llie clde*t son of atrongcr rcprosiun ; ami. therefore, not joining himself prumiuciitiy with iIiimc alio ufFurr.1 a tain resistance lo Austria, he sought every incana of drawing forth her physical prosperity, Tbe l'ount m au enthusiastic admirer of Knglan-I. her in»titutiun«, her ra- lUinal Irenliiu. her wl*e eominereial ■intern, and her local K-lfcuri-rument ; aud bv framed hi* cxcriiou* for Hun. g»ry on the *ysli-ui of practical good 'rna>- be bail olucrtcd in uur country.
winburnr. the filth luro- nei. who died al Caphcaiou in 1 "■•(•. (in Julv 1.1, 17»7. be married F.iui- li.t Kh/al-ctb. •Uii. <>f Itichard IVcti net, e-q . "f I tec ken barn. K.nl. and
niece to Hugh. «..■ 1 Duke of Nor-
IbuiiiKrUtid. Ity ibi* lady be had two uti ami five daaghlcni. Fr-ln early j ear* the iln-caaril t«-k a lively interval m all that rclaled lo the ad- vaiK-rmeut of science and literature, ami in I71"> he ■» elected I'rvndcin of lb-- Lib-tarj and i'nil."*phieal So- ■■f Newcastle upon T>Ue. wbirb
I'lidcr hi*
management, road* were
.■thee be
■r Uur
He ab*.
lumcnl during 17" un-l 17-;'. and al tbe rinse of lb,- 1...I .-.■man be -a. *pi..|Iit.-d High MirrilT uf Nun hum 1-rrlamL lu the circle of bia friend* enl, and *>■•] iij in tan< ■*■». i lie laic barunrl waa Lii'blv appreciated, aud hi all be Waa r- L-*nW w i genuine ■[•crimen of lb« ik, gooducarlcd "old Kng-
I..I
I IN*
iruugh impracticable <li*tricU: ilicii tbe navigation uf the Danube waa cleared of «l-*tai-lca tbrough the whole nunc of Ibe Austrian t-rritonc* and lo the lllaek S'a . then ■leamlioaU were plmo-il upun ii, aud a aiateuulic c-iin- muniraliun kept up througliuul iu b-ngth. ltyhi*eicniosa.al*rau- lilul *u*peb*li>n iindgp waa Ihruan by an Kiwli*h rngiueeriHr Tirrnev I lark) Mrr the riter l*t*-i-n I'e.ib awl 11 '
and then (and Ibis waa, perb in ii- 1 dilbrult ael
i ilegea ami •ubmii lu par toll for ■ lug ' While thee* aad aauj ttkg plana for laprotiig laa eawaUtam f
"lu>pa, tkw
uf all, kHatf*
"far
and religious liberty, wore explained in clear and intelligible forma. Nor was the Count less earnest in his daties an a senator; for before the disastrous times' of 1849. Hungary had a Diet, whose theoretical privileges exceeded those of the British Parliament. In the Diet, Count Siechenyi avoided those irritating question* of policy which the enraged magnates fought with Melons persistency against the Imperial authority, and pressed upon his fellow nobles the policy of unity, moderation, and the acquisition of that strength which arises from wealth and position. Since, nevertheless, he was necessarily leagued in theso efforts with the party in opposition to the Co art, he was a marked man; and when the imperial advisers determined on sup- pressing the Opposition by force. Count Hiechenyi was sei/.ed, with Kossuth and other patriot', nml kept In con fine- in en t. When, in 1848, the patriotic party, contrary to the tcnour of tho iwlvice of tho Count throughout his life, resolved on an appeal to arms, he was still in confinement and hail no share In the struggle. Hut the excite- ment of the times, and the dreadful misfortunes which befell his country- men during the insurrection, and the total suppression of the Hungarian nationality which followed its sup pre-jion. were too much to be borne, and the Count became insane, I'nder these painful circumstances the Aus- trian Government permitted the
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DBATO".
ml ha
of which be *u lieutenant, •y hilled I.y the bunting of ■ jrun while enjoined with hit eorpa in hall- praclice st Archcliflo Furl.
/ire, 16. At Oaford. the Hot. Jauiea Thompson. D.ll., rector of Lincoln Col- lege, ml Hector of Twjford, Berk*. Dr. Tboupaon took bia degree of B.A. in 1B-JS, ami waa elected to a fellow- iihiji BLion afterwards. He aerTud ra- riuua college offices between 1S1.1 ami
Ken ted In- hi* college to the re i loir nf • uhlinclou. in Ib-rfc-blrc. which' he held till 1*5*. In 1-51. on (he death of Dr. liadl'nnl. In- «u elected Hector of tha I'lillcee. alier a rer. Kercre con- lei, ahich cMiti-.l much attention in Uxbinl. An »\<\<r*\ wa« mndv to the Vi-itur iurain-t the election, hut it *** confirmed faj a decree, liearinff dale April*. 1-SS.
H«!/. II. At Vale Lodge, fatton, Surrey, nv-rrl W, Thcopbilii* ThompK.n, Ml). K.lt.S.. ol Upper tienrge Mreet, IWImau aquarr.
I. Arthur Hs IcraThuniaoii.M l>.
496
I 61, Dr.
the 2nd raet.
Jan. SO. In Brook-irt., a^. Itobcrt Ikullcv Todd, f-B-fl.
Dr. Todd *a* Ibe aoeond aon of Pro- feiwor L II. Todd, a diatingowhed atir- p-'on and profeaaor in Dublin. Dr. Todd graduated at Trinl tj College, and came (o Iiondon aa a joonjt man, with nothing lint bia own energy and cha- racter Ho relj on for pnahlng hla for- tuiica in thia metrojioll*. Ho tint con- templated pnetMag aa a anrgeon: hut wm diverging Into Ibe medical line, look ait urf ivnitrm degree at tiiford. ami joined the College of I'hvaieian*. from the ftrat he had aho'wn the Htmnitral (Me. for anatomical and phr- •iohwieal punmita, which he followed with unrotnmon anion r. and became a lecturer on the#e anlijccla in the achoola. Thej were the foundation of hia *ub- in'i|iii>nt !"iwm, givine to hi* thought* and riewn that tonnd practical lone an mttch in harmony with ibe force of hia own character, and whleb Inipieaaed itaclf ao atrumrly on the medical doe- trincaof the day. It baa b#cn a din- tinrlir* feainrc of Kngliah analomiala and |ihjaioli>siau that they hav. for the mmt part kept Meadily in flew the ap- plieation of (lieae acienrea to tbe inica- tigMionand treattncniof diaeaae. That of mind which a
|
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.1 51. the |
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' M>«m, |
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acted for |
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r. I<i the |
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..mV'wi,, |
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iV..ld Hi' |
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met of Y«rk«hin\- and of |
«tber tui- |
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i™'-'|. |
|
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Mat i low |
|
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e ..* II. |
led here, Hi Tinny other walk', to rcmitk- I" n-sulta. and no belter inntanee tbl I-' adiltiecd than that of l»r. .hi. He looked on all dl«*ax m one ii,>mhli ponvemnt with the acTeral .■nti> a and proce"«c.« of the body "le- ited hi it. and au tbm enablvd not
.i.-l. .I--
■nf..r
: ].h.
.b die
•nh all the ii.cn.iml l ■uldina: the -ere current i the
i. ITil.
tmlil < HfirF,i*otnrn«l Hoi
n vbtrli phT>ii.lTy haa made roller a'rtdn towarda the |u-i/»ciion ( a «-ietn-e than In all farmer prrioila ■mlind. He did not look at iluvejajd r.«'caae» me rclr aa auch. lull at diaeaae i c.ntnat with health, and he had ,nd teach fear-
r the eonetnaiona I n^ioncr lor >a» led, 1ml alwaia with aiaaplHlo, -f Account*, honc-tr, and eandnwr He berane a i.h Muwuiu, i.ji-her at ibe Imlaidc in tbe hoa- ihc Ule Mr t'ital, followed and Ivlored warnlr bw a wweaaion of roauag ■**, aaaaj of
torn; urn rnyuuiuitj, ..,......,
many years of tedious delays, mi com-
Eleted under hia editorship, he himself living contributed to it man; impor- tant articles, especially those on the heart, brain, and nervous system. He also was joint author with Mr. Bowman,
of "The Physi
Physiology of N
tained some new views, and la well known among men of science. He was also the author of many other works. lie was appointed Professor of Physio- logy snd of General and Morbid Ana- tomy in King's College in 1837, and took a leading part in originating King's College Hospital, an institution which is largely Indebted to him for its rapid progress under great difficulties. In the midst of work so incessant — literary, educational, and among active men of business — his gradually aug- menting practice left him no leisure; yet, so long ago as 1847, he circulated a document among some friends, in- cluding the late Bishop Blomfield, which led to the foundation of St. John's Training Institution for Nurses — an institution that supplied Miss Nightingale with some of that first devoted band which led 'England for Scutari in October 185G, and which has now, for some years, as a portion of lis duties, in addition to private nursing, performed all the nursing in Kings College Hospital-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS. MTcral year* II. RM. t'onaul for the elegant five-act drum, Hague uiil ita dependcueit-B.
FiU 23. At Bromlcy-houae, Kent, aged TS, Col. George Tweedy, on Uiu relin.il Mat of Ibc Ifoiuliay army.
Nur. 23. At llalawcll-houMc Saner-
497
Heart." which wan produced at tba llaymartet Theatre In 1 18GS, with marked anccfM~- and which kept poa- aenaion of the atagc- MIm Vandentioff however, more generally known
82, Colonel Kemcya Tyntc, for her [lerfonnanee of Antigone and
■ deputy lieutenant of (he rnmit. rineial Urand Muster of Sumcrael. in the Maaonii: body. The drmuted waa
intimately connected with (lie county of Somcroct in wH-ial. political, and ■nvi»(vrial reUii..m. and in wli and
all he wan r.|ii:ilU ,-t-ii.i-d »n.l re «|-H-le.i. II.' repri^-ulid ilri.l.:<tjier from I»:I3 nil 1-17.
An-/. --.!. Al li._ r ri'.nleiM-e IVrrhe-iir- tcrraee. lljdr-1-i.rt. Mi,. K.m. v»TM,Ie.
ney.l t:..'r,.'l IWalurVm-ll, Uo'.if
thcordl.^li
Alfmti'. when (bow! noble worki .Sophocles and Euripides were repro- duced tin translation) at iJmry-laiie
X-r. 13. At liin country residence, - ■■ "I. M. Vatimesuil. an
A «i
uri.l ami politico ■. Ilv a fall down » prcripies diii^.u.t.ascd ^Frederick
and a medal and or,. . l.u-i- i..
I'mijaiili I'auijuiL'ii- Ilv bad .ili-.i a
.ml li;
the Duke of
.Iju-iJ. 14. Suddenly, at limt Cunt- urbinl-ftrivt. Hyde |«rk, Capl. Ificea- er Viucv Vcrnou, of Ardingtun huusc, k'nUtaKc Herk*. anil M.l'. for the ounly. Till* deccMcd. »hn wail liorn in ;:>\ «a* a .mi ..i" Major (Jen. Sir S|. iMi.uiid Smith. It.A., and assumed (ha a me of Vvniuii on inheriting ilia ,tate» uf I lie enlleel.ir of the Vernon
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Hi- 'l-a(h aan nmrnl l.y the rupture of |
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a IdvnlicMil, t.niunlil on by a nruf(;l< |
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Willi a rrMitc .arnate lu.ne. |
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A-l. J-. Al—1 ^7. (be Itev. Wni. |
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W^lLrr. MA . Virai of (.'roft, Lineuln- |
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.1/.JC* 1. At (be I'alacc, Dublin, |
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)l!an.l.e. a.re of Calit. ti. II. Wale, |
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U.S.. -ul •.,l|1iif-i-,t da... uf Hu Urate |
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il,. .li.|,I.Hh..p..r Imldin. |
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Ji • 12. Al lt..iitii, l.ineuln-liire, |
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».'.■•! ■::. tl.- Hri. Wr> »er Walter, M.A., |
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.V.r. 7 At J|y..ut J„1M. eo. Ktl- |
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d.-!..rle, (bird ~.u uf (be 17th lUrl of |
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.1./. 2. Al Madrt-. >4 i-hulrr*. Sir |
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)|.i,ii K.- W*pl, iiC.JI.li-, U*- |
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Sir Unit. Ward »a- lb- only aon of |
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•!.. U- Mr. I!.l-ert 1'luu.er Wui el |
«... '.... l-*ik. Il-r-.. an eminent itatan--- Uun and i.„>.ii-t In h!l, ho aaaaaf r.-.d ti.. -lau. of Sir John K SwinbauW and in i --i »u «:ut u Minuter Plarf
attention — in particular Lis persistent enmity to the Irish Church, against which ho directed an annual motion ; and he hail a prominent part in that petty political warfare that occupied the public mind twenty-five years ago. Ho was a man of much activity and cuter - prise, was deeply concerned in railway undertaking!*, and with the object of forwarding his political views he esta- blished a newspaper, the WreHy Chro- nicle. In 1S4U he became Secretary to the Admiralty, a post that lie retained until, in 1841), he was appointed Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, and, iu accordance with the usual practice, wan made a Grand Cross Of UiO Order of St. Michael and St. George. Soon after his arrival at the Qovcrumout, a rebellion broke cut in Cephalonia, which he repressed with a promptitude nud decision which oeca-
, the i
That Sir Henry Ward's conduct was not disapproved by h shown by the fact that '.
■ his superiors is at bo was allowed
_ the government of the
Ionian Islands fivo years after the sup. pregsiou of the rebellion, and thai the soothing system since adopted is* now uiiivei-wiiiy I'oiiik-iiiiiud M the beiyht of folly and absurdity. Ilia admiuistra- tiou of the Ionian Islands was, indeed, sidercd so able, that on the term in
ion of his t, the im
t po;
he w
^promoted
i of
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS. He wu educated at Oiford, and wm appointed to tbo dtui'i)' of Lin- coln upon tbo death of Iluau flordon in IMi, Ho leave* a wife and throe
.V.X-. IS. At Weat Cliff, Ramante. aped 73. Jolm Aauloy Wane, eeq., il.T. fur Kipun.
D*e. Si At Malta, Mary, wife of Major timers! Charlo. Virnn, C.U.
A«y. 3J. Killed liv a full through a creiieeuftho WiudachcMilarier, in llie lltiwlutt, Tirol, aired M, the K.v. W'm. Crei Wul*>n. M.A., ltc.i.l.ut that >l«iu lo lilt) (luii. io.-i.ty ,,f ftriii-h<;r*,(ira.¥'(
>. mul rr.m.l-ou to KicharJ, HUhop
of Uandaffi
-if. 13. At Wtlehpo..!, ilinly, wli:l.t I'll cirvuil, anvil «*,
Sir Wm. Ikiiry Watwii e or the
lUf.nii. of i In- r«iirl «f K*chcipicr.
The diwa.i-d judge *a4 educated at the lioval Military L'»]]i-k«, Uarluw. and .n'trvd iln: army :u cornel iti the lot lli.ial 1'ragooHi in 1>11, became a liviiUuant in Islsi. and. after having daan- fu Ht-rrvd in Spain and France under the linked Wflliutftmi, vat-banged t.. the fltli ifta****. auh whom he H-rv.-d in Btl.-ium and Kr.iiu-c iu 1-13. Hating r.iir.,1 fr-iiu llu- ariuv, h. entered a*
;>.T,.,i.-Ul .< Lin.-Mlll-; ll.ll Ik' «**
.-.I1..1 r. il,o l.ar in l.in.oln'. Inn in
408
AW. 7. At Tcnl.T, aged 62, Lieut-. Cob Wedgwood, late Scot* Fusilier Guard*.
Jan. 6. At Calcutta, agod 13, Char- lotto Wary, wife or Sir Mordant 8. Well*, and third ilau. of the late Thorn** firesliwn, e*q., of Uaraby Dun, York-
July 19. At bit residence, Green- park, Bath, Lieu I. -Gen. Womra, C.&, Colonel of ll.M.'a 17th liegt.'of Foot. Tin: tleeeaacd hail nearly completed hit Ci'ili year of acrrice in the army, bin d-inmiimif.il an cu*ign being dated In Cci.iUr, ISiiu. lie accoinjianied Iho Hnlclurm Ei]*df lioo In Hurt, BnJ ih, rollnwiiur year proceeded to the l'enln- nila a* iniyor ut brigade lo the brigade. liiflrrOvncnl Howard. cmni-oiied of the filth, Tint, and P2nd ftrgimcut*, with which he wrrcd during the remainder nf ill'; war in 1 S14 ; ami wa« wounded ai 1'niina Maria, and at St. 1'ierra. Subsequently he aarvud <riih hi* rcgi- ineiit, the Irttb, in India, lie had lived the nili-cr war-lnnlal and aeren Fucnte* d'Ouor,
' I in
I 1-1
ti..m i-:.n.. 1-M.
n.». aipilf I. (.-■]•!. .. :.. UN.. l.li.iiu.1
I II.. Kll.. A., ill medal willi - .i m! fnn-ii.*u
iria. , ..._«c*j Xiri'llc, Nive, Urlhca, and TuitluuiM. In May, Isfif. he wa* ap- [•.linieil colonel of the 17th Hegt. of
•V..r. 2S. At Notiinghill, aged CI, I'lurlutte, vidua- ..r Charles Auguatu* W,.t, |.i, „i. L'f.l Ku.-iticr tiuanls, au.l l.i> ill C.ntiiur of l-andguard Kurt.
.!'■/-/. I.' At Whalley, L-iiwuhire, nc'd i,:. William Wl^iHl-v.i*j,,n,unj;i*t mi. of ih.- laie Sir Jim* (ianiiucr, larl , of Clerk hill, Whall.v.
Afilli At lifting., if™. Whateli, ■ i-'- of hi' I inure the An-hliiabuU of 1 ■■■■■tin. to wLuiu *he iu uiarriod in 1 -.1
/.*. M At N'ew York, aged 84,
i-.l i
till TO
uillioi
■;/. 4 \iv.\ 4,."1 IkToll Hiikin
uf .i"1Ur>, cLiefli ilenv.il from >|n-<
l,i i,- in rotiuii. At the battle of New I'r'.jnn. hi* roiion Yale* f.-niK.I the l.i. 1 1 1.1 t-onilrucU'd raui|<artr. fr.iin be- Inn] abieh the tulunlren wiilutooil tin idvani-c of the Uritirb under Sir Liward l>*kL-:.ham.
Jul/1 s. In t'juiuli-h iqiurc, Cecil 1'ramv*, CounteiM uf Wi, klow, and only dan. of tV :au Marqa-B •
Cecil, eighth di of the kaa
ILcv. Ue*m ilaai.-.*, of Ah«M
Jan. 81. At Dawllsfl, aged 04, num. John Wight He hid the war-medal and one cUup for his services In the French war, 1783-1802.
May 18. At his residence, Brunswick- house, Hammersmith, John Williams, esq., J. P. for the County of Devon and Borough of Dcvonport.
March 22. At the Warden's Lodg- ings, aged 78, the Bev. David Wil- liams, D.O.L., F.S.A., Warden of New College.
The deceased was born on the 16th of October, 1786, at Laaham, near Alton, Hampshire. His father had been a Fellow of Winchester College, and he himself was admitted aa scholar in 1799. He was elected to New Col- lege (as Founders kin) in July, 1803, and he returned from thence to Win- chester as assistant master in the school in 1807; in 1810 he succeeded Dr. Qabell as second master, and was ap-
Sinted head master in 1821. After ving turned ont some of the most brilliant scholars of the daj, and having been, in January, 1 833, appointed, by the Bishop of Winchester, Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral, he resigned the Mastership at Christmas, 1835. In October, 1840, he was elected Warden of New College, thus becoming the head of the Wykehamica] body. In 1811-2 he was one of the Select Preachers before the University of Oxford; and in October, 186*, was elected, as Head of a House, to a seat In the Hebdomadal Council. He also fc-M «>.. aIIW „f Vlra.-Ch»no*11nr from
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 601
DEATHS,
rial Parliament— thence to the English enterprise in this branch <
Treasury— thence to the Council Baud tare, end they resolved 1
of our Indian Empire, and in that themselves to London,
office died prematurely, hia death cot- la 1634, Mr. Wilson """■*-' *
ting short a career which would pro- mercantile life In London, and «m
bsbly have resulted in the highest very prosperous and successful for many
edicts of Imperial Government — the jean. Hia pecuniary gain* wen eon-
biography of aueh a man, were it mora aiderabla, and to lha practical Inntcns-
exceptional than it really )l could not tion which he then obtained he always
[ail of exciting the deepest interval. ascribed hia success aa an economist
James Wilson iu born at Hawick, and a financier.
In Roxburghshire, on the 3rd or June, In 1*81, the original firm waa die-
IbuS-thc fourth ton in a family of solved by mutual content; bat Mr.
fourteen children. Hia father waa a Wilson (under the firm of James WU-
thriving man of business, extensively tun 4 Co.) conlinned to oarrj
engaged in the woollen manufacture of tame business with sueeesa.
that place, and being an influential 133; produced two remarkable ei
yuaker, bit ton wan aeut wbt- ■-- ''* ■" -* l - -■■
yearn old to a Quaker school a worth, where '
r»r
s of a
•1 of liis life young ■tudioi
Wll~
■ud so altai-bed to book* that he chose tor himself the profession or a teacher, and was acnt to a seminary at Karla- combe to qualify himself for that occu
iu - - ■■
iiation. This design, however, soon auddi Iwcame atterlj distasteful, and at hia but of rcgnli urgent request he waa permitted to adopt a life of business. He did not, however, lose at once hia studious (ire ilih-ctkuns, V-r some years at least be • ii" in thf habit of reading a good dual, tin uflcn till late in the ui.hL It ■ai iudii'd then that he acquired moat <.f the lii.-l,.lfi.- of t-oks which he rv. r |w.-wed. In later life be was much iuu busy to lie a regular reader, and In- never si-quired Ibe habit uf ■wt.-biug .'jsili the contents of books or nen -if urticU iu the inicn.ti.-ca of titbrr ■•rvu|aali«ns. Whatever he did, e. W did thoroughly. He would not ii read vim an ani.de in a newspaper if ii Ik . ...,1.1 aril I,. lp d-i.t,g m> . but if be ft mil ii st all. it *s* mih a. much slow, ultimate);
At lli" »f <-f 1 '■ hr b.is apprenticed l'i a tuull bat manufacturer at Hawick, and to this trade be Rate that diligent stiriitiim which pm his nature; and •Imsid ro remarkable an aptitude fur business, that, after a brief interval, bis
-he married, and he ceased to
lie a member of the Society of Friends, Success continued to reward hia exer- tion* In trade. He began in 1624 with XltuOu, the till or hia father, and In 1SS7 waa worth nearly (24,000— s (sir result for ao abort a period, and evincing a steady business- 1 ike capacity sad judgment ; Tor it waa the trait not of — I Id casual specolatioo, attention during several
During these yean Mr. Wilson lad the usual life of a prosperous and in- tellectual man of business. Us took lirral pleasure in such intellectual so- ciety as he ruuld obtain ; was especially font! of convening; on political economy, I unties, statistics, and other subjects with which he was subsequently so busily occupied. Few nen can have led a more continuously happy and prosperous life than he did during those lean, rnfortunatcly it waa not to continue. In IMS Mr. Wilson was induced lo enter into a speculation In ' ilign. and unfortunately w
made larger ventur
risked nearly bii
capital and lost. The cons
was a crisis in the affairs uf tot
whole
I prupert) of tiie partner - I to be of sufficient raise
ship supposed I-
r..r the full satisfaction uf the rc
of the liabilities, waa assign oil
pled in liquidation. The r
lulu, and tiie two brothers ,n onjuue- was slaw lute ; there waa ns ansjktsBjfssr
1...H continued u, carry it on al Hawick or insolvency, nor was aha) .£■»*•■**•-•-,
during two or three yean with much stopped ons day. It wsjb^*
energy. So small a town, however, aa under a Ms ana, hi whisk aF
Hawtek then was, afforded no scops for
ascertained the amount, plscsd at hit bankeri lie necessary into. Mid lbs balances wars paid from his single fuud. Thii honourable atop was taken with bo much privacy that It ma known only to the recipient* and the agent*— an unnecessary and injurious modesty, for when Mr. Wilson baoamo eminent, the supposed flulure of his firm to meet it* cngagoments was a favourite taunt of hi* vulgar opponents, and did in some dtgres detract from his public utility.
While yet in business Mr. Wilson had on several occasions committed to print the opinions which he had formed from a wide observation of mercantile and monetary affairs, and which he bad freely maintained in conversation. In 1839 he published a pamphlet on "The Influences of the Corn Laws :" in 1840 another on " The Fluctuation of the Currency |* and a third In 1843 on the Budget. At this time the Examiner was the principal journal that treated these subject* on philosophical and liberal views. Mr. Wilson proposed to the editor to contribute gratuitously paper* on economical and financial subjects. His offer waa refused : and he then established a journal which should be the espoclal vehicle of bis philosophy on these sciences, and which be pro- posed to sustain mainly by his own exertions. In 1843 he commenced the Keoiiomitt. This paper, discussing these matters In a wider range and with a more complete mastery than had
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 603
DKATIW.
traitiaC on political ivnnninr nail aud «(riii-tioii of ■ vast section of tho flom-
midvi >■<>■]. Kwii mi'ii rupi»iM>l (o luuniiv, Ij.cumc adliurcnta to a philo-
lisivr t»4rti'n.'il the n'icni-i! wre in- w.|,li> uliicli >u lo l.iiidil nil. Even
Hii.rii-iJ. MUi I hljilustiKii t.ud :nhiiiiiu- ilic h'tunici* ftli:mtli>ncil a crjr which in-
tra'nrf nilmiitol thai Mr. WiIbuii »ih i<imit<.<l ■•]i]"iritiuji and j.rvwud their
Kortli lii-.irini!. At lti:il tin.u a Vwt tMuiw tried ftoiii tlii» nhuoxioiu boa-
lii Id In; i.|a-U Ut'-rc 11 ilinuulitrnl urn- lilitv. KhttU lliat luoU.unt llwir HUH
i'li[..-w! rlui-i: li.'J. ''tin- i-.inri.in4 Mid Mr. Lolul.ti. '■ made u
WlTl! lllL'11 111 l:-H
llk.lv to e..IitiiiiH' li.ri.ti k-lh-vnl i
HJlli the turn |j»-i|iu*liuii while it was
... 1 j
. tin-
|
.:.-< Ildv |
<l »crc Mr. WiIkoux am-eill ihcvuluc of |
|
|. -|.,iin |
,- i.f iLe I'sirim-iv, attil |
|
:.!nU«T |
imt'i.-lKulii.l-iliidual, |
|
'ii ll; :'..Kn,I. .1 iiiVi,:-!-' |
e cr.H i^ictiOQH a.. -■ on irlik-li Mr. i.:id.-.li' an u>ilbu- rrei.iv. lie wan u 1..- i.vl.1 with nir |
|
i^i.mii. Ii.'lil- ii |
I-jv luc iK'iindn— .i-:ici-iiain r|n.vifu.i| llehvhlihat all tie- wlunllt I'l till! IWIHJ irr »a- hiulisll, nil'! : 1 ,j ii.i.l ll.Al i lit |
|
'/, |
i-i :i ...and |a|«r il.-'wiii-ri' but fao |
|
;V; |
mailKir. Witb li.ii 1 . .1,,..!. -J,.- *■ .1,1.1 -.:.■ »..!.,. lie held. |
attheaame time accompanied by bodily eierlioa equally exhausting- The or- ganisation of a first-rate commercial paper in 1343 required a great inven- tiveness and also a great discretion. Nothing of the kind then existed : It wm not known what the public most wished to know on business interests; the beat shape of coin muni eating in- formation had to be invented in detail. The labour of creating such a paper and of 11
deter most men even 01 aupenor aoinij from attempting it. At this period of his life Mr- Wilson used to superintend the whole of the Economist ; to write all the important leaders, nearly all of the unimportant ones; to make him- self master of every commercial question aa it arose ; to give practical details as to the practical aspects of it ; to be on the watch for every kind of new com- mercial information ; to spend honrein adapting it to the daily wants of com- mercial men. He often worked till far into the morning, and impressed all about him with wonder at the anxiety, labour, and exhaustion he waa able to undergo. As has been stated, for some months after the commence- ment of this paper he was still engaged in his former business ; and after he relinquished that, he used to write the city article and also leaders for the Morning Cliroaiek, at the very lime that he was doing on this paper far more than most men would nave had
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. «
DKATnf. which he continued to hold Tor five safer muter of practical Hie thin o
aprinir uf 1 85K. anil ii|
i.lc reputa
* liicli hi- rvmarkaldc reputation mi nffii-ial administrator tu mainly liaacd. \\
The Financial Secretaryship of thn c Trcaanry la liy no mean* one of ike S mo»l conapicuona offices in (lie (io- 1 vrrnment, ami liut few prnuma who ■ have not nlwerrai political 1 Lf.- closely a are at all aware either of it* difficult t il or of iii> importance. The «fli<-i' is, e indeed, a runou* example of the half li grotesque war in which Ihc alwlnel 1> theory »r Mir hu-torical const iiu'iun - enntraata *iih it* practical wiirkini:. The Lord llwli Trcn.iir.ir iK ami ill - I it law hia office i> "in commission." Certain Lords <'. mi misjiionert are iwip- l»>if <l lo form a Ifnard at whieh finan- cial siilyei'la an' ilU.-ufuMl, anil which i- rcajKinsililc fur their due adminialia lion. In prat-lice, there Ik no purli ilia- ■"ivii>n a»il no »nch rcupmnsihility. The Juniiir l-unla arc of no account.' The i/radlcal administration uf mir ripen- .lilure iav->led in Ihc r'ir-t I^.nlof the Treasury, ihc < 'Inner llnr of the* exche- quer, and the Financial Sciretarv of the Treasury. Whin the >'■»■ Unl
■air. the '.*l.,.ur <«r. tin- • Inner II.. r i. j S-.-r.-lan haa
?Bciency qualification. In a
Mention ihc practical nan, aided by a u'B experience, will mow frequently ne to a sound conclusion. With '. Wilson complication did not lead indecision— the rcaull waa alwsyi aiirh I forward ami intellittihlc. In arj-iiiiljli' caao it waa never left in il<t w hat he decided and why he had ne In that conclunion. The count- • minute* in the Treasury arc marked one pcrvtidinff excellence- — clcarnca* — no one could hcsilatcaa to the opinion Indicated and lheCuui>c of action to l-e pursued. Another faculty Mr. Wilson jnwrwcd. which served him well in Ilia official dutiea— a tineularly retentive, accurate, ami ready memory. Br thia he waa enalded In recall initantly, ami to Klale uncrrinf-ly, any circumstance of hi« official work. Thi* (rave to hia eon- duel of bufiiiri* an appearance of fair- ncsa and integrity, where another of equal honesty hut without this gift would have seemed uncandid anil eva- hivc. Hi* uieclkul nirinury was likc- wi-c awii-ti'l l.v a very even jutlawnt nilicr what
•■ him lurt
•■■■»I«
little
r. th.- V'lrtai I. tin. -a Hi* i baiic-Uor id ill.- Kieh.-.|iicr id. hi- Kinauee Minister, an ctif.rm.iu> mar*
^".ftheTrt"
, ..f the iv ..f the
. hrnir.
In
il .1
e "h..|.
..I ill" hi
. ii-rndituii- 1. lu..re ..r I. - c rolled1
hi Hi- Mcni.i'j ..I the Treasury ; ihat much ..; il i> very cl.— •]« cut ml led l.y hitu. and thai he In* vast power* of lrj,-i;.-al discretion if ..nlv he 1* a man uf al.iiitv. iudo>tr. . ami cuurafrc.
r„r ,u'.-h an office >. this Mr. Wilton hid very peculiar qualification! Ha H • a. ]*rfrcllv .un M he right In a plain cw . am) l.j far (be lanrar pari of Um ordinary laaaincaa uf the t'rmra— a, a* -<f individual*, rnnaltla of plain cava A man who it IhorBfMy antn !<• deride effect oally and emiwUf tat enure toaaa of OMJ onTatana «aaH,nift
if he hail i. :hr same iliini: over airain. he would l>c •urc I., do il in pri'ciavlv the name WI3-. AM ih.--e mcnUl qualitica taken to- !■ tliir an far in make up the completo ■( a jh rfc-t a>linini>tratur of mis 1ei1a11p.n1> financial liuoineaa, such U il.at uf the Ktidiab Treuaury now fa. Ami Mr. W'iU.ti had theptuweal nnadi- tie. >U>. An imn emutituliiin, which f.jrcil no lalmur, and waa very rarely )li<-.i]«eiuted mo fur an hour l.y any i'lii.'HSt-nal.lid him to aceomplith with
*..rk which few men 'would not have
lly the aid of thc-c |Mtwera, Sir.
it au hu dDeHntej
~un of hU <Mm
■rata
he 1b expected to answer all question* asked In the House as to the civil esti- mate*— a inoEt miscellaneous collection of figures, M any unc inay satisfy him self by glancing at them. Mr. Wilson's astonishing memory and great power of lucid exposition enabled him to fulfil this part of bis duty with very remark- able efficiency.
Besides these direct duties of his department bin aid was largely required in dealing with all thoso large questions o, and internal ad-
which i
1 tho i
of politic ;il life. One great and several email commercial arises occurred during bie seerclary-
()□ two occasions during his tenure of office at tbo Treasury, Mr. Wilson was offered a dilleront post. In the autumn of 18SU he was offered the Chairmanship of Inland ltcreuue, a permanent office of considerable value thou vacant, which, be declined beeauso be did not consider tho income neces- sary, and because (what some people would think odd) it did not afford suffi. cient occupation. It was a "good pil- low," he said, " but be did not wish to lie down." The second otlieo offered him was tho Vice- Presidency of the Board of Trade in lBfiS, which would bare been a step to him In official rank, but which would have entailed a new election, and he did not feel quite se- cure that the electors of Wostbury would — in „t.,™ him. Ho did not. how-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 607
UKATtlS.
aeconllnely accepted llir office of euffiidcntlr tried to afford a safe jnilg" fluanrial Meuihcr of the I'ounell of lucni of iU wwlum. Iii.lia. The nnpiioi. of the Budget »a* (in his arrival In India he found that univiTKillv lummlilc uulil I lie |ra bli- the (ioTi-moT-livDiral wan on a tour in cation of the minute of Hlr C. Trcvcl- ibo l'|ii«r ]*rotiiice* of India, and yau. the Uorernor of Madias, which, lirRirn iliriiu: any lnn-inem of import- produced a wriona reaction; but Iho
t Calcutta he travelled thither, Thin journey he thuturht very ad van- lapeiiin.. hcraiM 11 rave him a ifrrat Ineljrhl Into the nature of the cinintrT, and ttialdnl blm to mnault 1h-
"I**
lur
-lift
111, 1
..II..V
tin' other hand, h..»
prompt recall of Kir t'hsrleii did much In convince (he Native* of the detcrtni-
n;iil"fi of the Knu'liah <!»vernnjcnt to Hiipimrt their Indian Finance Minister.
tin -iin.lher point. Mr. WiJ-nn** Jfnik-ct Im- Leu eriii.-is-d |n England M a ,,;i..-tu: lln.lir.t. Itut Mr. Wilson
Li. pre. hi-h t'.
I"1
I the iIut
> I... emi-
in [ml
fit
■r.,1 the ■e -rill to
idercd In Kn/land
tt.-
.••i..n
anli- free trade. Mr. «ilr..ti uiiilert".>k im. otner ii . wiirea i.f very en-M imporiani-e.
Ine of thtw »:l» the introduction of 11 ■ati..|ial -i-letn »f public account- an .Hi.'jal ti|n»ii:><u of i-timatdt capcii-
..f ill.-
null r
ltd e
;pen-
|
..' [.■: -,'.ime «'..ille:l .a- r.-niail,,l..j"f......1r- |
prv-ti..ilk in-l verr important- ailj »,... |,|,. ,. [. ,.r-.k.Me. he (he fund*. iii' iii.il enrr i la* the ■■ IV 1 * Act " ..' Ilntidi lidia. ff the nat'ir' of the tvk Mr. Wil.ni) |
|
I'.'i'i. l.iil Hi.' IimIm'ii a.-ni'n. '■■■ .i.d'-1.i..v |
■it (.-» .■■ nti.ti..n lliat h- ■..n!d i- r!..nu :t, M... 1. -• j ..'L-it-nt cii, 1- furtnid l.y an ■ mra..! tr..m i-nv of lit* hint |
|
-i. .'..'.''•...'■'. i,''. 'nui." ,.1i.-...' 11.. |.m. Mr. ttil-...i. Ilndiret ..V *!•!.■!■ I,- ar....-.|U- ■ CinrlMi Mi.«. It rp4i» ii. aii y utudifii-a item ha* But yet hem |
■ i hue .. i myi t:' *•■■ pn-al pnlnta -1 foillclld Ir.Xtrnnf «,iind Ul- InlhTtu ha*.- Wen urmpled, iboub rhi.fir la- nt fit n| Ut onr i iinnimalj Ii rw..| eivll eipcudllwe. Mortal ty-cw, by * vim «f aV |
million than our preaeDt wretched am expensive system, — and by which w shall be able to reduce oar native aim to at least one- third, —and by wbic alone we can utilize tbe natives an a arm of defence without the danger < congregating idle organized masses. / "5. Public works and roads, frith view to increased production of cottor Sax, wool, and European raw material " The four first I have made erei progress in : the latter must folio* But you will call it ' a large order However, yon have no idea of the ir creased capacity of tbe mind for unde taking a special service of this kin when removed to a new scene of actioi and when one throws off all the can of engagements less or more trivial b wbich one is surrounded in ordinal life, and throws one's whole soul ini such a special service, and particular! when one feels assured of having tt power to cany it out. I cannot te you with what ease one determines tt largest and gravest question here cod pared with in England ; and I am ce tain that the more one can eiercu real power, there is by for the great< tendency to moderation, care, and pn
Again, "1 have now got a Militai Finance Commission in full swing : Civil Finance Commission also going I am reorganizing tbe Finance, Pa and Accountant -General's Departmen in order to. jret all the advantage of tl
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
He ni anile aware of hi* critical lUto, and mule all nnimaij arrangement* with hi* habitual deliberation and
l,onl Canning saw him on the Slh lor the hut time, and wm much (truck with the change which illness hid made In him. He believed that he aaw death In bis fai-e, and waa deeply impressed with the vivid intercut which, even in the last stage of weakness, be look in public affair*, with his keen desire fur the mceosn of bis plans, and with the little merit which he was disposed tu claim fur bis own share in ilieiu.
It was hoped that lie would be strong enoujch to ln:ir removal, and it was intended in delay the mail steamer fur a few hours to take him to sea- the usual remedy at Calcutta f"r diseases of the elimaie. Hut when tbe liiuv ram*, there was no chance that his strength would be adequate tu the effort. During tbe whole of the 11th he sank rapidly, and at half past aii in tbe evening ho breathe! his last.
Tbe mourning in Calcutta waa morn universal than hail ever Invn remem- bered. He hail not been long in India, but while he had been there In: tilled a rolls) >i--u oik aiut great part : be hail li-iuc hi much, that there were neves- sarily doubts in the mi lids of wmt as to the expediency of part of it. No rueh doul.ts. bosevcr. were thought nf m.w "That be should have come out to die here !" " That he sb..ubl have left a treat English carver /■* (Ai. ."- ■ were lb-- phrases in every one's mouth. The funeral was III'' largest ever known at I'alculla. It wan attended by almost the entire impulatiou. from the "
i moat wanted to
moment when it wt guide and enforce.
In the foregoing (ketch, Mr. Wilson
e very vivid.
many remarkable features. Hla enjoy- ment of aimplc pleasures, of society, of scenery, of hie hon
momenta would have believed tl was one of the busiest public men or his lime. He never looked worn or jailed, and always contributed more tluui bis share of geuiality and vivacily lo the see no arouud him. Like Sir Waller Scull, he loved a bright lijtht ; and tbe plcasantest society tu him was that of the cheerful aud the loung.
Mr. Wils.ni married, in 1BS4 Miss Kltubclh Trc'tou, of Newcastle; and by that lady, who survives him, tun left u mi n i cm us family.
Mitv '!& At I ppcr Wim pole-street, awl re, HoRiec Hiiyman Wilson, esq., Uutlen I'rofeHsor of 'Sanskrit in the I'ui- vtrsitv vf Oxford.
lu llorace Hayman Wilson. England has lost one of her most laliorioua and niust renowned Oriental scholars, l'ro- fessur Wil.-un had reached Ihv good ago of 74. aud bis name carries u* lock al- most lo the days of Warren Hastings and Sir William Jun««. Tbe mine of Sanskrit literature had oiilvjust Iwen ■ India.
upened when Wil
y bl-n
jut-
dij»eii(r.i fr.im tin lu England, ill
Sr.nln.---.l general i lr. WlUnn was I rharged with
rvard*.
■ grou
rgn t
I peeled
Tli'.ugi
h a special ti
i f.r.
that he had l>ecn 'tent forth with the erucral enneum-nce, and had been ac- roiDpiuird by ibe general hope. The** expectations seemed about to be Ral- lied, for he had dealt with
masterly grasp. I
solution. I>rath
Iween the conception and the execution.
gold that Ki'tued l« lit on tbe Miif.cc. The lame and numerous volume* of the Aifitxi Itrttnrrkft give ample evidence of the nil fur oriental, aud particu- larly fur Sanskrit, atudics, which was then kindled on a sudden among the civil scrvanta in India; bul there are few only among those early students whose labour* nave proved of listing laluc. It waa, in truth, due to tbe efforts of two men that the study of Sanskrit did not evaporate In vain talk
attached to the Mint at Calcutta, 1 booh betook himself to the study or t ancient Eastern languages, and wi such success that in 1311 or 1812 wa&l appointed secretary of the A atic Society of Bengal. Devoting hi self diligently to Sanskrit, in 1813 published his first work, an edition Knlidlaa's "Cloud Messenger," te. commentary, and translation. He th devoted all his time to the preparati of a Sanskrit dictionary, and in 18 appeared the first edition of this gn work. It has been the foundation Sanskrit philology, and will for ci remain a monument of Wilson's u daunted energy and perseverance.
Whatever Continental scholars, su as Humboldt, Schlegel, Bopp, Bumc lienfey, lioth, Bochtlingk, Weber, a others have accomplished in Sanski or tn comparative philology, all is di in the Cist instance, to Wilson's "Di llonary." In 1S20 Wilson was sent Benares, in order to re-organize t native educational establishments, a: particularly the Sankrit College 1 there collected the materials for I " Hindu Theatre", published at Calcu in 1829. Whatever Wilson underto ho completed. Other scholars had prj lishod one or two plays of Kali da. Wilson came out at once with a co
Elctc translation of the six most po[ ir Sanskrit plays, nith an analysis twenty-two from among the less i portant dramatic compositions, a with an cihauetive essay on the di
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DKATD.S. Kanikrit l*0(nimp?,furthe l'«uf Karly ■»<> Ihcra in liftnlly * Scukrit •cbolar
.. . 1**1, iriMill ii.vmiMt inm- *liu Iiut uai acki aurlhy (lui'lu In Ihc iiilfH-.uk« of I lie Rnricnl bluniaiii k uf lhi**ItRitii]LiDii ■ ■„! hi. ■■Jn..ir« Auti./u.,,- l-ia,c.li- laiim tin; w<»l cuBipkb' tn-atMi on lii'litn iiiiiiiMiDini ii'is [-.rth-iil-trty nn IW lirrk liulu lUrtriati, ami Imlo- S.-Tlliiali ...in.. .-..II..-U.I I,; .Mr- M;> Iril-
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Sept 3& Ai AkiKiiiai ) A. Wmdtan. C B_ CW tf it* Xhkt* Lirti Ix&kcy.'utd it tf tW wnlrfTB d;<-E.;.-m tf )■« Amy. i>tm: fwiii
de*3 tf wfiTcwrTiK.
;« Si\ Al ijasJ.-TO Cfcuh.-t tf t>;\*rt::iB, dpi June WoodriC ILX, -tw tW BJmfA-» in tfw but Wat.
i"or. IX. A) Huilfbcrv C "thfEfkl Krr. Han Ti Bishop tf Wonwsicr.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DIATHB.
613
of the general retreat, he nude * daah- Ing attempt to capture the Bmperori brother. Bat Jerome waa on the alert, and leaped oat by one door whilejoong ipeaed the other. The de- a CorjerrallTB in politic*, . racier aa a good landlord, a "fine old ~
Wyndham o
HOC he entered, a* atadeat, Trtnitr College, Cambridge, and waa fourteenth wrangler in 1810. Ilia Grace waa Bleated a fellow of hfi college, which be bald up to 1887. Whan at Cambridge, be obtained the aacond member* priie for middle bachelor. In 1811; proceeded
..„—.. _ M-A-laWlj beeama Lord Almoner1*
Waterloo hero, won him the reapect of Professor of Arable In 1831, and ma thoae who differedfrom him In politic* eenlor proctor In 1B81. The dacaaaert A'or. 39. Of dysentery, on board the Arcliliiahojj waa incumbent of St Mary- •uamahlp XrrHam, off Point de dalle, l he-Greet, Cambridge, and baa alao 00 hi* paauRO home from China, Com- been bnrnar of hie college. In 18S7, mender R. J YYjnniatt, R.H., of H.M.8. Dr. Muagrare waa appointed, by the late Ifimrod, and aon or the late Her. Rcgl- Yiecovnt Melbourne, Dean of Bristol, nald Wynniatt. and, in the eonree of a few months,
Aug. 30. Aged 61, Mr* Yatea, a Biahop of Hereford; and, on the death celebrated actreaa or the domeirtlc of the venerable Dr. Haroourt, In 1B47, t the daughter waa translated to the arehiepiacopal aee
of Mr. John Brunton, manager
the Norwich circuit, and niece of the
Dowager Countess of Craven, whose
biography la alao included in thla
volume. Of a family of acton, aha
went upon the atage when very young ;
and, performing in the provinces, made
her first appearance in London, at
Covent Garden, in 1817, m Letitia
Hardy in the BtUet Strologt*. She
continued at IhU theatre, playing the
chief high-comedy character*, till the . ., . ._„
far 18^4. when ahe married Mr. Waterpark. redcric Yatea, with whoao trinmpha J*n* SO. At Kennington, aa manager of the Adelpbi ahe waa aged 81^ James Forbes Ton Intimately aaaociated. None of the
or York. The late Archbishop waa Pri- mate of England, a governor of the Charter Honae, and of King* Collage ; and visitor of Qneea'a College, Oxford; a commiaaioner for building church**, and elector of St. Augustine* College, Canteriiarj. Hia Grace waa by arm. psthy and principle warmly attached to the riewa of the Evangelical party In the Church of England. He married, 18th December, 1810, the Hon. Cathe- rine, youngest dan. of the late Lord
entity the flue figure and touching acting of Mr* Yatea with the Wrtdc AtKort, Vittorint, and other famoua " Adelphi piece*." Mrs. Tales retired from the atage twelve years ago.
Drr. IS. At Cavendish Hall, Suffolk, Samuel Tjaaen Ycllolj, on., aon of the late John Yclloly. esq., M.D., F.RB.
Ftb. 2d. At Enniamore Honae. Kings- town, aged 41, the Hon. G. F. W. Yel- Torton, eldeet aon of Ylacount Avon- more, and formerly of the olth Beet
«rp>. 13. At Marak Hall, near Red- ear. Lady Margaret llmce Yroanan, *g-l*i The deepened lady waa eldest daw. af Laura***, drat feVari <•( Zetland. ami marriad, In lilt, Mr. Henry Walker Yaaaaeej. af Woodland*, near * bit!.*.
Mat * '■ rktgr»T« anaara, aged 71. ike Right Ha*, and MtwTaW*. Tkams* nnarrx*. 1» li ., ArrbUahnp of York, Hi* Uraew waa lb* am of a draewr at
D.L. and J.P. (br the county of
Jan. 20. At Sutton-in-Aahfield, In her 100th year, Elisabeth, relict of Mr. Joseph Bntlarworth,
A'or. 18. Aged 100, Mary Carr, erf Barkaton Aab, near Sherburn. She had the perfect nea of her faculties np to the time of her death,
Feb. 17. At Cowfbld, Sussex, aged till. Mary, rsHrt of the He*. B. Con.
affectingly recorded in His Myeat will, by the terms or which Coloi Wood wu named executor conjoin with Sir Herbert Taylor. In 18' Colonel Wood commenced bis Pari mentary career as member for Bra nockahlre, and he retained the Beat nearly forty years. Though a Tory, roted for the Catholic Relief Bill, t second reading of the Reform Bill, a the measures introduced by the ( vemtnent of Sir Robert Peel ; bat 1847, his constituents being mi divided on tho question of Sir Rob Peel's free-trade measures, he roll tarily retired from Parliament.
He married, in 1801, Lady Carol; Stewart, daughter of Robert, Gist M quess of Londonderry, who was some years principal Bedchamb woman to Queen Adelaide, and by 1 he has left a large family.
Sept. 28. At Ahmcdabad, Major-G A.Woodborn,C.B.,Co[.ofthe26thRe Native Light Jnfantry/and in comma of the northern division of the Bo bay Army. General Woodbum was the season of 1820, and had seen age deal of active service.
Jan. 20. At Lansdown-road, ( Charlton, of bronchitis, Captain Dan James Woodriff, R.N., who served the Bellerophon in the battle of T. falgar.
ifor. 13. At Hartlebury Castle, aj 77, the Right Rev. Henry Pepys, D. Bishop of Worcester.
The deceased prelate was the third t
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
DEATHS.
of the gtmer»J retreat, he nude ■ diet- ing attempt to captors the Emperor'* brother. Bat Jerome wa* on the alert, ud leaped oot bj one door wnileyonng Wyndham opened the other. The de- ceased ni a Conservative in politics, d landlord, a
513
1800 he entered, u student, Trinity College, Cambridge, and ■■■Built— »th
nate of England, a governor of the .'barter House, and of King1* College ; end visitor of Queen* College, Oxford;
and elector of St. Anguatin*'* College, Canterbury. Hie Once wan by ayn- palhy and principle warmly attached to
" fine old BngBah, gentian
Waterloo hero, won him the respect of Professor of Arabia In 1831, and to
thoee who differedfrom him In politico, senior praetor In 18S1. The deeenaad
A'or. 29. Of dysentery, on board the ArchbUhop wea inenmbent of Si, Mary- steamship Nrrtkam, off Point de Oalte, ihe-Greet, Cambridge, and baa aUo on hie pasaage home from China, Com- been bursar of hU college. In 1817, mender E. J. VYjnuiatt, K.H., of H.M.H. l>r. Moagrave ni appointed, by the lata Ifinmxl. and eon of tbe late Ect. Kcgi- Viscount Melbourne, Dean of Bristol, neld WynnistL and, In the course of a few mouth*,
Aug. 30. Aged 81, Mr*. Yates, a Bishop of Hereford ; and, on (ho death celebrated attrea* of the domestic of the venerable Dr. Harcourt, In 1847, drama. Mr*. Yatea wa* the daughter was translated to the archiepiscopel aae of Mr. John llmnton, manager of or York. The late Archbishop was Pri- the Norwich circuit, snd niece of the ' "
Dowager Connleaa of Craven, whoae biography is also included in this volume. Of a family of acton, she went upon the stage when very young ; and, performing in tbe provinces, made ber hist appearance in London, at Covent Garden, in 1817, a* Letitia Hardy in the AeEiY* Stratagem. She continued at this theatre, playing tbe chief high-comedy character*, till tbe year 1831. when she married Mr. Frederic Yatea, with whoa* triumphs as manager of the Adctphi ahe wa* Intimately sssoeisted. None of the exiitlng generation of playgoer* will fail to Identify the fine figure and touching acting of Mr*. Yste* with the Wrttk Aihorr. f~ietori*r, and other Gtmou* " Adtlpbl piece*. * Mrs. Tale* retired from the stage twelve yean ago.
Dtr. 25. At Cavendish Hall, Suffolk, Samuel Tvs.cn Yelloly, c*c , *on of the late John Yelloly. esq., Mil, F.K.H.
Ftb. 2d. At Enniamore Hou*e. Kings- town, aged II, the Hon. O. P. W. Ycl- verton, cldeal son or Viscount Avon- more, and formerlv »f the dlih Eegt.
HrfJ 13. At Marak Hall, near Red car. Lady Margaret llrurc Yeoman, aged St. The deceased lady wa* eldcat dan. of Laurence, first Karl of Zetland, and married, In ISM.Ur.Henrr Walker Yeoman, of Woodland*, near Whitby.
Jf'iyl lb Hctgnveaquare, aged 71, the Eight Hon and Moat Kev Thomas Masgrsve. lt.Ifc, Archliahop of York. Hi* tirace wa* the ton of a draper at Cambridge, and received hi* first cdu. saltan at Etrhmond Grammar School, then flourishing under Dr. Tale. In
the Church of Englai__ _ . .. . 12th December, 1839, tbe Hon. Catha- rine, youngest dan. of the lata Lord Waterperk.
Jumt SO. At Kensington, Burrey, aged Si, James Forbes Young, esq, M.IX.aD.L J ' " ' l
and J.P. for the county of
Jat. 20. At Sutton-Ln-AaUeld, n ber lOOtb year, Elisabeth, rellet of Mr. Joseph Hattsrvorta.
Xar. 18. Aged 100, Mary Carr, of P"*""" Ash, near Sberbam. She had the perfect use of her ntenltle* sp to tbe time of her death.
Ftb. 17. At Cowfold. Raaaea, and lul, Mary, relict of tho Eev. E. Coo- etable,
July 17. Apd 105, James Coyle, for upward* of fifty eight years a patient at Hi. Patrick* (Swifts) Hospital, bafaUa,
Map I. At Sewton, where h* had lived for above half -a-cealary, and 1 09, Hugh Fullarlon, a naUve of Inland. His bualMa* was last of n amtar, at which be had worked aatll within lb*
Dec-i'i. At Attadala, Loehcnr at the advanced age of 112 ft duiatfu HaclairaaD- or Mimajr deceased kid never been further t tan miles from the place of her b (at Attadale) during the whole pe of bar existence. " y 17. At Din.
Franfoiae, i
Geffelot, Count de Marignj, Mid u of Chateaubriand.
^ud. li. At Youahal, egad Kllen M-Qnth, up to h«r W mom retaining all her faculties, tad wyo; excellent health until a few dayi vioui to her death.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
515
PARLIAMENT.
The following Member* were returned to Parliament, and were awora at the table daring the Seeeion of 1 860.
Jamvawt. Womita- Ci'lf .— Bleaard FUmwi,
eaq.
Dtromport :—S\r Arlhar Bailer.
Hertford:- Ri)rht Hon. IV m. Frmncii Afbil.
Cowper. Keel. "^■-^aW!!*. .__ AW.c*:-SirWillUmRn-ell,bnrt. UotfnHmmi: — n. U'Conor Don.
K ingtun-Hivn ll«U : -Jowpb I
Whittiy- Hanr SUphen Tborapaoo, 1 n«. Howiej. can..
I.rur*: — John George Rlcncowe, e«q.
ihfrfoM .— Wlllian Alaerwa, eeq. ""'■
Rc-et.
Itradiny -Hir Frmcli lUniy Gold- Brrfaain.-— Elebard Banyaa, Mq.
mntrl. 2.jnai*a*M ■— Lord George ChulM
iuimrJ.— Balph Be rul UabOf**, Mq. Gordon Lcnno*.
raann. ,„„,
PvM'fraet :— Hugh Culling ludlev
Lbil.ler*. eaq. A//cui .— Suansl Oltaon Getty, Mq.
SrariimiHgk : — John Dent lint, eaq. />.pv*j:-J»iuni Holier) Waller, nq. /V/.irMin. - Right Hon. CharlM Oar- J«-t.
ncj-ie UtrifaM n.rrB*gh — High) Hon. Wnt. fhiaklam :— Junta WUle, eaq.
fruipu Cdwikt. Ke cL ZlMMWol.— Vlacaaat tlaaUltaav
thOtAad — W ilium Hull, «q. Beet. gnaw -William tMackpsU, eaq.
Ctrt cV.«irf».— Bight Ilea- Richard /Wij» florottj* .— Franci* ataedonoa«;B,
l*«r. hWI. aaq. , _
Suit,,. HVatom MrMiM .— Uaargc Stu^nf AmwaA .-The*- Btdaej,
CuLiti taq. eaq.
The following Peerage ha
The following Noblemen anc Degrees in the Orders o
ObDKB O? TBI GlBTlH.
The Duke of Newcastle to be a K ni
Ohdeh or thk Taisnx. The Earl of Fife to be a K night. Obdkb or St. Patrick. The Earl of Cork and Orrery to 1 Knight.
Order of tub Bath. To be Military Knights Grand Crw
A dm. Sir John West. Adm. Sir Win. H. Gage. Adm. Sir Francis W. Austen. Gen. Sir Jaa. Douglas. Geo. Sir George Scovell. Gen. Lord Downes. Adm. Sir Thos. J. Cochrane. Adm. Sir Geo. F. Seymour.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
BONOV&a
LI.rat.-Col. Cnthbert Darideoo, I.A. Kaj. ]
B17
'llliara Aihbonur Forbee, eaq. Tbomae Donglaa FoNrth, CM. Haj. Wm. W- Haxrie Greathsd, LA. Maj. Wm. H. R Onto, t.A. Frederick Babb Qnbbiiu, eaq. Jm. <i« V. Dranusood Bay, eaq. Cut. Beat. Hemleraon, 1-A. Oof. Stephen John Hill. Alan Oclarian Homo, eaq. Cut. Hugh Beta Jamee, I.A. Edward Jordan, cm. Haj. -den. 0. 8L Patrick Lawrence,
LA.
Hai. I
J. Richard Chic Lawrence, LA. . .«]. Hairy I). Lnmaden, I.A. Donald Friell HcLeod, eaq. HaJ. 8am. 0. Macpheraon, I.A. LlaaL-Col. F.Cerfelon Haredso, I.A Sir Jamee Ranald Martin. Thoma* Ereklae May, eaq. Franci* Otwar Wayne, eaq. HaJ. Wm. L. M erewrther, I.A. AIoqm Honey, eaq.
Burn
Hal. Fran. W. Plnkney. I.A. HaJ. Henry Ramaay, LA. Kdw. Aadenon Beade, eaq.
Arthur Aaatla Roberta, esq. John Nugent Bow, eaq. Bdw. Alex. Bamoella, eaq. Brand Bapta, eaq. Col. Sir Richmond C Edward Thornton, eaq. Henry Carre Tucker, eaq. Herwald Craofdrd Wake, aaq. Jamee Walkar, eaq. John Ward, eaq. Samuel Waacawoa. aaq. * Hal Geo. Walter WUUaaaa, LA. John CraeroA Wilaon, eaq. Cbarlea John Wlngfield, eaq. Philip Edm. Wodehoaae, aaq. George Cdny Tule, aaq.
To be Knlgata Grand Croat)— Cot. Sir Henry Knighl Stork Haj.Oen. Sir John Q. La
Sir George F< " —
Sir Paolo *""
To be Enigfate C Sir Antonio Hieallef, C.B. Sir Adriano DingU, C.B. Sir Victor Honlton. Sir Peter Smith, C.B.
To be Ciril Companion : — Sydney Srolih Baandara, aaq.
THE PEIVY COUNCIL.
The following Gentleman h*» bnen appointed on* of Tn Qona'l Hoar Hohotjkable Pbttt Codwcil.
William Unit, eaq., Vice-PreaMcat of tha Beard at Trade.
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 610
HOVOTOS.
aloa, during U attack by the enemy la pound of their hooae, and baring, at tore*, he rathed forward mr the the ri*k of bit own 11**, eooeeedecl In treoohta sod killed on* of the enemy** asrlae; them. bugler*, WBO wa* in the act of aound-
' Mooted by tht prints of iho Ftomk IT.
BOth
i by the
Private John Divans, Biflss (lit Battalion).
For diaUngulehed gallantry la tag n mm imfii] charge moo b BeUoehee and 81kh troops on one of tho tumr'i trOBclMt before Delhi on tho 10th of September, 1887. He leaped oat of oar treochee, cloocly fol- lowed by the Native troop*, end ni •hot down from the top of the enemy' ■ breeitworka. Keeled by tho print** of the regimeut.
Prints June* Thompson, 60th BiflM (lit Battalion).
For gallant conduct in Bring (ho 111* of hii captain (Captain Wilton), on la* Sth of Jaiy, 186T. by dublag for- ward 1* hi* raliaf, when that offloer iu aarrounded by a party of Qhaieea, who nude a Hidden mah on him from a Serai, and killing two of them before farther — '-* — ■*- eoold reach ; alao re-
ed by the private* of the regiment.
Printa Samuel Tomer, 60ih BiflM (1st Battalion).
For harta* at Dalai, on th* night of th* IHh of Jan*. 1«6T, daring a aever* eeaaUet with th* *a*My, who attacked th* rear of tha oemp, aurttd off oa hi* ahialaara, under a (Mary fire, a mor- llllj rianlnl oflUcr, lieulaaaat Hdb> phnya, of th* ladiaa mMo*. During Ihia aerrU* Print* Toner waa wounJ- aa by a aabra eat U th* right am. HU gallant ooadaet aired th* abora- uaal oaVar boas the bta of ethers.
asm** ulil th* following day-
Private John Kirk, 10th Regl- meoL
For daring gallantry at Beaeree, oa th* tlh of Jaaa, 1IST, oa th* oatbnek of th* mntiny of tha Neliv* troop* at
baring nloataarod to
taw — i aamaaaa.*a.d ■a Oaaaaai Bewwa, nam- ■, aaaf ah aaadtr, «as 4 by rasa** at she aasa-
Mr. "William Frasor M'Donall. of the Bengal Civil Serrioa, liv gistrate of Saron.
For great coolness and bravery oa the 80th of Joly, 1M7. during the re- treat of Ibe BritUh troop* from Arrah, in baring climbed, under an Ineeaaant fire, (luLude the boat la which he and - aereml aoldien were, op to the rodder, and with eonaiderable diEculty eat through the lathing which aenred It to the aide of th* boat Oa the lashlaf being rat, tbe boat obeyed the helm, and thai thirty Ore European aoldien escaped certain death.
Captain William Martin Cafe, 6ftth Bengal Native Infantry. — Data of act of bravery, April 1A, 1858.
For bearing away, under a heavy Bra, with the SSSSWSWS of PrlraU* Thompson, Crowle, Spenoe, and Cook, the body of Llentcnant Wi I lough by. lying near tbe ditch of tbe Fort of Hub ra, and for running to tbe rcacue of Prirate Kpenee, wba had boen agrerdy wounded in the attempt.
Lieutenant Francis David Mil* lett Brown, 1st European Bengal Fusiliers.
For great gallantry at Karriooi, oa the 1 Sth of Noreraber, 1867, In having, at the Imminent riek *f hi* owa ll£ rnahed to tha laaiataaei of a wound*! ■oldiet of the let European flange) Puslliere, whom h* carried off, under a rery haery fir* from th* enemy, whoaa caralry were within forty or hfty yard* of him at tha time.
Prints Denis Dempaey, 10th Regiment 1 1st Battalion).
r March, Ilea, cent*-] a ir»e«b a vareJag rtlbg* with j
I ant an I galUalry. for tl
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 621
HONOUBS.
the Drat nun on theperapetof tbe fort, Or the asth March, 1840, William
where be iu Inatently attacked by a Odger* dlaplayed eoneplenona enl-
Uqre number of the garriaon, who and- lautry at the atorming of a pah daring
donly iprang on him from a trench cat operation* agnlnat rebel native* in New
la the parapet lUelt The** men AM Zealand; baring bean than rat to eater
a toIUj at Captain Wood and the bead It under 'a henry Are, and baring aa-
of the Worm log party, when only a alated in haallng down the enemy1*
C-d or two dfatant from that officer; colour*. t, ahhatujh Captain Wood waa atrook
by do lea* than aaTen mnaket-balla, he , ,.„__ .
at one* threw htmaelf upon the enemy, auqpbt 7. paaaad bia aword through the body of
their leader, and, belngclooety followed Private Samuel Morley, No.
by the men of hta company, apeedily 801, 2nd Battalion, MiUUrr Trnin. orereame all oppoaitlon, and eaubliahed
hlmaclf la the place. % Captain Wood* On the cracnation of Aiimgurh bj
nwawnOB, energy, and determined rolour, Koer Singh* army, on the 15th of
undoubtedly contributed la a high de- April, 1S58, a equaJron of the Military
aree to the lucre** or the attack. Hie Train, and half a troop of Horae Artif-
woand* compelled him to leave the lery, were aent In purmniL Upon orer-
foroe for a lime ; but, with the troe taking them and coming Into action
aptrit of a good aoldler, ha rejoined hla with their rear guard, a squadron of the
regiment, and relumed to bia duty at 3rd Sikh Cavalry (alto detached la
Bnebire before the woonda were pro- pnrauit) and one troop of the Military
parly denied. Train were ordered to charge, when
T . , . ,. , , Lieutenant Hamilton, wba imninnmlid
Uentenant and Adjutant Arlhur the Sikh*, waa unboned, and imme-
Thomu Moore and Lieutenant diately anrronnded by the enemy, who
John Grant Malcolmson, 3rd Bom- commenced catting and hacking him
b»T Liffht Cavalrv whlle « to* ground. Private Samuel
naj- wgot cavalry. u ^.^ m f ^immMt 1iMt
On the oecaaion of an attack on the Lieutenant Hamilton waa in, although
enemy on the 6th of February, 1B5T. hi* (Morley'*) hone bad been ahot from
lad by Lieutenant- Colonel For***, C'.R, under him, immediately and moat gal-
Lieutenant Moore, the AdjuUnt of tbe Unity mahed up, on foot, to hia aanat-
s of the Sepoya, and fonght
a be fell amid the broken over Lieutenant Hamilton'* bodv until
ranka of the enemy. Lieutenant Moore further matiatanca came up.ead thereby
apeedily extricated himaclf, and at- waa the menu of Baring Lieutenant
tempted with hia broken aword to force Hamilton from being killed on the
hat way through tbe : preea ; bat he spot, woald ateuredly have loot hi* lire had net the gallant young Lieutenant Mai- a, ebaerving hi"
_.. ._£ hi* peril, fought hi*
wnTtahiadhanoanted comrade through _ _ . __ ,
n crowd of enemiea to hi* reecoe, and. Lieut. Henry Evelyn Wood,
Bring him bia alirrnp, eaiely carried nth Lancers.
m Ihroagh everything out of the
throng. Tbethougbifulnea* for other*, Forhavlng.on the IMa iof October,
eoeTdeteralnatloo. devoted courage. 1858, dorln, [action at Smdwnhojrben
and ready aeUvlly ihown in extreme In command of a troop of the Srd
danger by lada young officer, Lieutenant Light Cavalry, a
Xalcolmaon, appear to have been moat lantry, ajmoat ,at
admirable, and to be worthy of the ~hrf* •*• ■■* *
Uwt^al i
- ,- llmwmfl *
WUlnun Odgen, Intding nan- ,,i,nvlAt4a4->
Dhau of Haw Me,n*tj, ahip WifaT. a»
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 638
MtoHonom.
Mr. 0. V. Altefclaon to be Under- Mr George RumeU Clark, K.C.B., to Secretary to the Oorerament of India be Goreraor of Bombay, (a the Foreign Department. Mr. Bartatnl QV
Mr. E. Meltby to bo Frarident of the Oenerel. Inland. Board of Rerenne. Mr. T. D. Fourth to bo O
of Hiamr Dirteton, Onde.
Faroe ait.
Mr. J. A. Yonge to be Recorder of Btdefotri and Barartapla.
Mr. W. Roberta to be Agent to tbe LlenL-OoTrmor of the North-West PrOTineee In Robllmoil.
Mr. E. O. Freier to be Judge of the CM I Court of Lurk now.
Mr. Thonui Wheeler, J, L.I)., lobe Judge of the Selfonl Hundred Court.
Mr. Frank Parlih to be Coniul at Bnenoa Ayrea.
Captain Peel to be Coniul at Port
Mr. William Moooey to be Clark of the Crown for Wealmeath-
Mr. Frederick MeBUln to be Crown Prosecutor for the Coontloe of Down, Armagh, and Monaahan.
The Hon. Mr. French to he Chairman of Dublin.
Mr. Blake, Q.C-, to be Chairman of Fermanagh.
Mr. June. C. Ceffcy to be Chairman or Weatmeath.
Mr. Weal, Q.C., to be Chairman of Qaeen'a Connty.
" Edward Fainter to ha a Member
Mr. William Halt, M.P.. to he Vlee- Frreldent of the Board of Trade.
Captain W. H. Beynon to he Politi- cal Agent for Herrowtee and Superin- tendent of Meena DintricU.
l William Henry Adamn and
Mr. Frederick William Own to I* a Member of the Legislative Council of the Island of Hong Ken*.
Mr. Kdward Bullock Andrew to be Ooremor of the (lold Coast.
Mr. Alfred Dick to be Coniul at the Society latea.
Mr. Thomas Clement Cobbeld to be a Paid Attach* at Llaboa.
Mr. Jemee Jcrwood lo be Reeorder of South Molten,
Mr. J. I>. Pittgcrald lo he one of the Judaea of the Quern's ttench. Ireland.
Mr. Serjeant DcaiT to be Attorney General. Ireland.
Mr. Fletcher Whitley to be a Member of the LeftatatlTe Council of the Bs-
Mr. Macnamara Din to be Treaenrer for the IiLanri of St. Loci*.
Sir Kobcrt Fraaer Turing, hart., to be Count at Rotterdam.
Mr. Charie* John Cnlrert to be Con- iul at Monaalir.
Mr. Richard Wilkinson to U Conaal at Salon im.
Iir. Gibson, C.B., to be Dirertar- Oeaeral of the Army Medina! Depart-
Lord Taunton to be a Trwtoe of the Brttlah Mnanm.
Mr. Creasy to be Chief Janice of Ccvlon.
The Hon. J. C. Hantaan to be SaU- cltnr-Geneml for Canada Wart.
Mr. Jamea Urignon to be Conaal at Tcnc rifle.
Mr. IleniT J. Murray to be Coneul at Portland, United Slates.
Mr. Henry Loch wood to be Paid Altaclitf ml Constantinople.
Lieut. Col. Andrew Beatty, R.E., U be a Member af the Council of the UIid.I or St Helena.
Sir John I'reifhum to be a Member of the Leaislaiire Council of the Pro- ving of Nova Scotia.
Mr. Jamea Walker to be Uratenaat- t;uv.rnor of the laland of Trinidad and ila depends* ciea.
Mr.ThomaaC. Ham? to be a Mem-
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
PBOMOTIOJTS.
Jtm.
Mr. Help* la be Clerk of the Council, Privy CodiiclI OSes.
Ths Right Hon. KobL Lowe; Richard QnslQ, M.D. ; and Mr. Junta Paget, K.R.S, ; to ba Member* of the Senate of the Univernitj of London.
Mr. Frederick Robert Hi. John to be Paid Attache at StuttgaretL
Mr. J. J. Flnchnm to be Heater Ship- ■right at Ikptford.
Mr. IC Temple to be Chief Commis- sioner of Currency and Chief Assistant U the financial Member of Council for Special Service, tint Indie*.
Mr. W. H. Halsey to be AndaUut Commissioner of Currency and Private Secretary to tbe Financial Member of Council, East Indica.
Major A. (1. Ooodi
Minister Preeident to the faperor of
Capain Chariea Wife la be Captain Superintendent of Saeernea* Dock-
Qeneral Sir Hugh Roae, Q.O.B., to bo an Extraordinary Member of Council of the Governor- General of India.
Meat -General Kir Wit Ham MaaaBald to be a Member of Council of the Bom- bar Presidency.
Mr. W. H. Beckett to be a Stipendi- ary Msgistrate, Ireland.
Mean. Alexander Anderson, Donald Ramsay, John Rhode* Gardiner, John (luff, and Jame* M'Loren, hare been appointed Member* of the legislative Council of the Inland of Prince Ed- Mr. William Henry Pope to be Colo- nial Secretary, and Mr. Lemuel Cam- bridge Owen to be Puetmaeier-General for toe Island of Prince Edward.
Mr. Samuel Cock burn to bo Presi- dent and Senior Member of the Council of the Island or MontaerraL
Mr. Gould Arthur Lata* to be Re- Hidcnt Magistrate for the Colony of Natal.
Mr. Joseph Archer Crowe to be Con- enl-flenera) at Lclpalg.
*' Bernard Woodwanl to he Libra-
Lieut. -Colonel Cunningham to be Secretary to the Government of the North-West Province*, India.
Caps. C. J. Hodgson to be exoJKciu Under Secretary to the Government of theNorth-Weat Provinece in the Public Works Department. Railway Branch.
Major General Pringle Taylor, K.H., to bo a Member of the Privy Council or rian In Ordinary lo the (Jncen. the Island of Jamaica.
Meaurs. Patrick Kough, John Hog- sell, and Robert Kent, to bo Member* •f tbe Legislative Council of the Island •f Newfoundland.
Mr. Jeremiah Simpson to he a Mem- ber of the Legislative Council of the Island of Prince Edward.
Mr. John Ward to be Charge d'Af- fairca and Consul-general la the Han* Towns, resident at Hamburg.
Mr. William Brodie to Ik i Paid Attache at Constantinople.
Mr. J. Hibberd Brewer, of Ihu Mid- land Circuit, to lie a Master of the Queen's Bench.
Mr. Chariea FarnuUnr riband to I* Chief Judge of the Supremo Court of the Island of Maori tin*.
Callauhan to be Chief tur Keeur.
Perry to be Coniul- Oenerel at Venire.
Mr. Chariea Allan Henderson lo be Conanl-Ueneral at Paruroa. Sir Frsneia Haatinga Gilbert to be il for the Province of Scutari.
Howe, and John William Hlicnl- Com mission era lo inquire Into and ad- just the differences relative to the right* of landowners and tenant* in the Island of Prince Edward.
Mr. George Keogh to be BtaaUawJ Crown Solicitor for the county Heath.
Mr. Edward Camber la be W cantonal Crown Solicitor for the county Lentil and wwn of Drogheda.
Mr. John Hay iJrunuaoad Hay to be at Diarbeklr.
Mr. John Ward to be Consul General in the Kingdom of Hanover, lie Grand Diiruie* of Olden burgh. Heckled tMr*e- Slrrlitx. and Meeklenburwh Hehwerin, ami tbe Duchies of Holstein and Iducnbcrg, and lo be Chant d'Affalre* and Conaul General In tbe Free Hanaa- atic Citiea of Hamburg, Bremen, and Luboek.
Mr. John George Taylor to be Coastal
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.
PROMOTIONS.
Ber.J. D. Haetlngi to be Preben- dary of Grantham Bonalia, In Um ,mraT Cathedral Church of SelUhurv. Aoonw.
Rev. J. W. L. Hearliide to bo * Keeidenliary Canon of Norwich Cathe-
AlKL
Vic Joseph Cotton Wigram, Arch- deacon of WlneboMer, to be Lord Bp. of Bocheeter.
Her. W. W. Jackaon, Chaplain to Um Force*, to be Bishop of Antiguu, Wert Indies.
Bar. Thou. Gamier, Dean of Ripon, to be Dean of Lincoln.
Von. J. a Ulterton, Arcbdcacun of Bomji to be a Canon In the Catlicilr.il Church of Winchester.
Rev. William (ioode to be Dean of Ripon.
Rev. J. Cart to he an Honorary Canon In Durham Cathedral.
Iter. Phillip Jacob. Canon of Win- cheater, lo be Archdeacon of Win.
J rot
Right Rer. Charles Thoma' Lon-1 n.I>.. Urd Bishop of Durham, to Archbwhop or York.
Hon. and Kicht Rev Henri M \AK«t ■VillicTn. !>.»., Lord Iti-l.-i' tVli.V. to I* Lord lli*h..j. of h.irh»
Him. ami Rev Samurl iVal.i.-n Cinon of Ssrum, to he Lord it «h.ij Carlisle
Vm Bct H. V. Tilth-, ivtn Ardaah, to he I>can of Uerrr
Rot. H. Herbert Read, D.D., lo be Archdeacon of Prince Ed sard's lalanil.
Right Rer. Waiter Tro we r, D.D., Uu llisbop of Ulaaguw and Galloway, lo be Sub-Dean of Exeter.
Rev. Juahoa f'awcett to be an Hono- rary ( anou in the Cathedral Churcb of
Iter. Uoulaguo J. II. llaalrey, tola rrebeudofCuiu.be the Eleventh in Wells Cathedral.
Yen. John Jones, Archdeacon uf ilsngor, to lie a Canon iu the Cathedral Church uf Bangor.
Hav. Eran hepcan. Chaplain lo tho Queen, to be a llesideniury Canon of Westminster Abbey.
Yen. H. Weir White, Archdeacon of Merioneth, lo be a Canon In the Ca- thedral Church of B.viij;ur.
Rev. C. J. Vautbau lo be Chancellor a! lurk Cathedral.
I)l1..tii:h.
Rev. J. Carr to 1* an Honorary Canon in Durham Cathedral.
Yen. Anthony Grant, Archdeacon of Su Albans, to be a Canon in the Catnc- dral Church of Rochester.
Yen. W. J. 1'hilpoia, Archdeacon of Cornwall, and Prebendary of Exeter, to 1„ I harx-rllor of ilic Diucesoof EleUr.
I.. >. A. Kithnu ii be PrcWn.larj .if
v.J Tui
;i Kteler Cathedral.
Hugh MrScilc. It.ll.. tu !, Caaun of Cheater Cathedral.
Bev W. r. Paiteaon to be an II- rary Canoe, In Um Cathedral Cbnrel
1! r. V G. Rlomficld to be en tlc- iri i anon iu St. I'.ul * Cathedral. ;;iv. IL W. Itrumiii'. Prebendary of 111 ' '.liindral, Iu be Archdeacon of
Uev. J. A. Heaaer. Head Maaler of r.lmni Tayion' School, and Prearker M M
APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 631
PBOMOTIONa
Muter of the But Betford Qranunar Schoola, NotU.
Rot. H. 0. Coie to be Bodleian Librarian, Oxford.
Rer, Alfred Middletoo. to bo Head
Muter of the Gnnuui School, Klnga-
be Mailer in bridge, Dotoq.
Bot. Jonathan Bates to be Vice- Principal of the Dioeeaan Training College, Cheater.
Bar. A. II. Hon
Bromagrove Grammar School, Worces- tershire.
Be<r. J. D. Klngdca lo be Matter Id Kingi College School, London.
The following gentlemen bare been appointed to tie under -mentioned Chain, lately eatabliahed in the L'ni Tcrattf of Aberdeen: — Midwifery, Dr. Dree; Botany, Dr. Vickie; Materia Medics, Dr. Harrer; Biblical Critl- ' , Bot. W, Milligan; Inatltuleeof Dr. OgllTia; Logic, Mr.
Be<r. Frederick Taunton to be Vice- Principal of St. Margaret* College, Pal ham, near Londorj-
Sir A. Oram, baaL, to be Professor of HiatorT and Political Economy in the Elphinatone College, East Indies.
Bot. F. T. Ciiaina lo be Head Maater
of the Grammar School, Nottingham.
Iter. J. W. NnU to be one of Her
Be*. J. J. Christie I
Bet. W. Aiim BaastU to be PrU- cipaJ of roomth College, la the Diocese of Bombay.
Ber. & F»tm Stall* ta be etab- Librarian of the Boaaeirra Labnry. OaJbad.
Mr. Uenrj Janes Ljoca lg be aa Inspector of Schools.
|
LAW C A S E S. __ _ _ THE WALWORTH MURDERS. licet the diffusion then, in order to keep suspicion 1 wealth may have from himself, and to have a person mt general metitnl on whom to throw the guilt, who results in au evil should not be ublu to deny it, he it i.'ertninly hiis nut yl;mu;b Lcvod his mother and his .vnsiiiriai perpetra- two brothers: the single object, |
LAW CASES.
this — the victim having been lured home, the mother was suddenly to become maniac ; that in an access of frenzy she should rise in the night, deal death all around, destroying her husband and her children, and, in the general slaughter, this in- sured life also ; and then that she herself should perish in the last attempt by the hand of her son in his sulf- defence. The exact steps by which the terrible plot was worked out cannot he known, nor does the evidence supply more than the means of conjecture. The murderer made sure that there ahould be no living testimony Against him. He stabbed each victim several times to ihe heart, and then cut through throat and arteries to make all enfe. Tho girl must have fallen dead upon the landing as sho stepped out of her room, perhaps railed by her lover or startled by n sound ; the mother probably next stepped forth, and tho sou Hccms to hnve failed in his first stab, driving bis knife deep into his mother's flesh before he could reach the throat and divide tho arteries. The
Ionnger child died unresisting in is bed. The elder brother, how- ever, came to tho landing-place daring the general slaughter, and straggled for his life, drawing the •harp ateel through bis fingers, and maintaining the contest at least long enough for a scream. No cry was heard to alarm those who were separated from this scene on all sides only by a plank or a thin wall. When at last a spec- tator came the murderer was ready with bia story. All that blood Iiad not washed it out of his head. " This is all mother's doings : she murdered my two brothers and my sweetheart, and T, in self-defence, believe that I have murdered her."
The accused person, William Godfrey Youngman, aged 25, de- scribed as a tailor, was placed at the bar of the Central Criminal Court, on the 16 th August, before Mr. Justice Williams, to take his trial for the wilful murder of Mary Wells Streeter. There were throe Other indictments against him, charging him with the murder of Elizabeth Youngman, his mother, and Thomas Neale Youngman and Charles Youngman, his brothers.
The prisoner was a common- looking young man. He was well dressed, and during the whole of tho proceedings he exhibited the most extraordinary coolness and self-possession ; and even while his father was under examination he did not evince the least emc-
Mr. Clerk, for the prosecution, stated tho facts aa they were de- posed by the w"
Mr.
> Bevai
-On i
SOlh of July last I resided at No. Ill, Manor-place, Walworth. I occupy the ground floor. Then are two other floors to the house. Mr. Beard occupied the first floor with his wife and one son. The prisoner's father occupied the top floor of the house. On the 31st of July his family consisted of bis wife, two little boys, the pri- soner, and the deceased. I under- stood the prisoner had come to see his father on a holyday, and he used to sleep there. About 10 minutes to I) on the morning of the 31st I was in bed, and I heard a noise like lumbering, and a heavy fall on tho top floor of the house; I im* mediately got up to aee what was the matter, and before I could get i» the door Mr. Beard knocked at it and said, " For God's sake coaM here — there is murder!" I went upstairs directly, and when I got
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. tie stairs I saw the eocer standing on the staircase) g dead upon the leading from my room upstairs, not see anything While my husband was dressing t went down and the prisoner called out from the ; and I then saw stairs, " Mr. Beard, for God's sake nding in his night- fetch a surgfion ! I believe them MOM leading from is some alive yet." My husband r to the first floor, then went out to fetch a doctor. I g slill and looking had seen a young woman come to at this time. He the house about 11 o'clock on the y mother has done day before this happened. I think nurdered my two the prisoner came with her, and y sweetheart, and they went out together for a walk :e, believe I have about 7 o'clock in the evening, and I made him no returned about 10 o'clock, Tbo out and fetched the prisoner and the deceased seemed ,rd the prisoner's to be on very affectionate terms at about half-past 5 this time. rung. The noise I Philip William Beard said;— I i heavy fall on the had seen the prisoner m our house |
LAW CASES.
535
ri the stain, and be told me his mother had done it all, ud that he had murdered her in self-defence.
John Youngman: — I am the father of the prisoner. I resided on the second floor of the house No. IS, Manor-place, Walworth. Mr wife ud two children tired with me. One was named Themes little, and the other Charles, and their ages were T sod It. The prisoner came to live with us about a fortnight before thin sad affair happened, and he used to Bleep in toe back room, where I also slept. My son Thomas slept in the same bed with the prisoner. I slept on the shop-board. Mj wife and my ton Charles slept in the front room. ; I am a tailor by trade, and am generally out at work the whole day. I returned home on the 30th of July about 10 o'clock at night. I did not see the deceased at that time. The prisoner went to bed at uaosl about a quarter pastil. He said he was ready, and 1 put ths light out and went to bed, and he did the same. My boy Thomas was in bed with the prisoner at this time. I awoke about 4 o'clock on the fallowing morning, end ssw the prisoner st the foot of his bed, apparently in the set of getting in. 1 think the door of the room was open at this time. I got up st 5 o clock, and went out about '20 minutes past, and at this time the prisoner and his brother were in bed. 1 did not go Into the front room before I went out I was fetched home from my work be- tween fl and 7, and 1 then ssw the body of the deceased. I knew pre- viously that she was staying in the bosaw, and that she slept in the front room with my wife on the night of the 80th of July. I ud- ' t she was to be mar-
ried to the prisoner, but he never said anything to me upon the sub- ject. The constable Lock showed me a knife which I had previously seen in the possession of the prisoner. The point was not broken as it is now when he had it. He was showing it to a man in my presence, and he was told that it was not a fit knife to carry ; and the prisoner said anybody had a right to carry such a knife, if he thought proper, for his own protec- tion. This was about niuo days before the death of the young woman. I never saw the prisoner use the knife in any manner. When I came back to the bouse I asked for the prisoner, and he was brought down in the custody of the police, and he addressed ma and said, "This is alt mother's doings, father." He did not say anything else. The prisoner had no property; ho had nothing but what he earned in service He had been in the establishment of Dr. Duncan for about six months. I don't think he ever said anything to me about insuring the life of the young woman, but I had heard such a thing talked about.
Cross-examined : — The insur- ance was talked about quite openly. My wife's mother was a lunatic, and she died in Peckham lunatic asylum. One of my own brothers also died in a lunatic asylum. My father died tolerably sensible ; but he had been two or three times in a lunatie asylum.
The knife was produced. The blade was something like a dagger, and was a very formidable wea- pon. The point was broken off.
lie-examined: — My wife's mo- ther died fifteen years ago. I dou't know how long she waa in the asylum before her death. She wae between SO and TO when she
■
LAW CASES.
637
door. Witness observed that both the prisoner's hands and feet were blood j, nud his night-shirt was also wry bloody. He did not see any wound upon his person, and he did not complain of being cut or wounded. On the same day wit imm went down to Wad hurst, where the father of the deceased resided, and obtained some letters, which he produced. Upon his re- turn to town, he opened a box belonging to the prisoner, and found in it the policy of assurance upon the lifo of the deceased, which he produced.
The letters, fifteen in number, were such as arc usually written by young persons in their condition of life, who are alwut to l>o married ; but the lust three have the remarkable exception that they earnestly press the subject of the insurance. The first, dsted July 111, contains this passage : "Dearest girl. I have tilled up tlio paper now, and took it to the Life Assurance Office, and they will write to Mrs, James Itono to-dnv, to get answer on Saturday. So you can go with uiu to the office Wfore 2 o clock on Monday." The second, dated July 'Jl, has this paaaage : — " You promised inc faithfully over mid over again, mid 1 expect you will keep your pro- mise that you would be mine, nud that your friends would not know it till we were married ; but now, dearest Mary, if you will only let Mrs. James Hone write to the as- surance office at once, and go with me to hate your life as- sured on Monday morning next." 1'ue insurance was effected on the 2:.th ; and three days after- wards the prisoner wrote the fol- lowing letter which bad the tfTect of bringing the victim into the
" 10, Manor-pUre, Neirington, 8., Matuntsy Night, July 28. "Mj beloTcil Polly.- [ have ported one letter t«i you lliin afternoon, hut I find I kIihII not have to pn to Ilrighton to- mnrmw, hu I hiiTr bail a letter from then' with Tint I wanU.1 iiuiile of it, ao my ilwir jtirl, 1 lure quite settled my bunimau nuw, ami I uu quite ready to nee you mi", therefore 1 wnil IliU letter to you. I will like thin to Idndon bridge station to-morrow morn iaa by quarter east H o'doek, ami pii the puanl to take it to Wiulhunt t'tAtion, to Rive it to the |«irt<T
your plane. I ran only live thr pour] •"lurtbiiij.', *> you pan jn« the man wlm liriiip. (Lit. a .Dial) num. I t-hali nixct to wv ynn, my i|,,m.,t tfrl, nn Hominy m«rn. ini: Ij Hi,- lint (ram. I will await your nmiiiw at Lomlini-hrhljrr Station. I
In lo «'fbvk. I have [immiaeil to (o to
a 1 r.
ilown : ).nt ] will so leu-k borne with y<,u .ii Hunlny nirfit, or fin* thing Tow- lay, mi return here again Taenia? niuht, I" in ready to gn anywhere on Vedtwe-
in.l 'l 'ni./«|..T* * wi]."^ier i.r"a
M lay ninniin*. wh.n [ »l.i1l I- al.le in
n i»- thin*, a ] -i.h |o .1... En-uw
more ni.w. my rimer* Mary. I thai) now pi t<> l»-l to \v u|i early in [be mora- ine t" take thi* l.-lt-r. Ilriminr liurn all yi.iir li'tk-n, my ikwr girl, iln not fonmt ; an I with kind toe* to ynn. anil renjirrM in all, I n-w ruin up, aw»itinit to aw you qnartnr to l" nYkiek.
lb-lb-.
T Tot
" Y..u knnw all I h:
■il-l ynu, tbrre- |.i.- «■■»*, .leairol girl, nime. I *m ■nii-ni* now to eee yon. Alii-u for die
Mr. Bodily, surgeon, deposed that he was called in to examine the bodies of the deceased per- sons. Three of the bodies were on the landing, the two women and one of the children, and the younger child was ou the bed in the front num. All the bodies were quite warm as warm u* when alive, l.'pou examining the young woman he found a slab in the left breast, which pent:-
|
IN UAL REGISTER, 1860. aivity of the cheat to the bone. The stabs in the i literally cut from chest were both mortal; one had a very strong and penetrated the covering of the rtrumeot had ovi heart, and the other the lungs, sed to inflict the The injuries to the child's hands arotid artery aud were such as would be occasioned ere completely so by grasping a sharp instrument : wound extended and having it drawn through his ones of the neck. baud. The whole of the wounds ist have caused in- he saw were such as might have ith, and the person been occasioned by an instrument ild not have called such as tho knife that had been have required a produced beforo the point was cause such an iu- broken. There were no appear- :eused appeared to aucas upon any of the bodies to [thy young woman, denote that they had struggled, ig the body of the except in the case of the elder 1 found three stabs, boy. blade-bone of tho Dr. Duncan said that he resided le upon the breast- in Henrietta-street, Cote nt-garden. vas utso a deep slit The prisoner came into his service |
LAW CASES.
lowing Thursday, and the prisoner came there every day. In con- sequence of something he saw in his conduct he put some questions to him, in answer to which he said that be was independent, and that his independence consisted of houses in several parts of London. He was so dissatisfied with the prisoner's conduct that he advised the deceased not to marry him, and said he would rather nee her tske a rope and hang herself in his skittle-ground than be united to sneh a man. Tho deceased wont away with the prisoner on tho »8th of July, and he never again aaw her alive.
Samuel Wells Streeter, the father of the deceased, ststed tliat on one occasion the prisoner came to fail house and slept thero one night ; but his daughter had not told him she was going to ho mar- ried to him.
Mr. T. Tanner, a gentleman connected with tho Argus Insu- rance Company, proved that tho prisoner made a proposal to insure the life of the deceased for i'Hm, and in the proposal ho described bisBself as having retired from the business of a tailor. On the iiftth of July the prisoner csme to the office accompanied by a young woman, who paid the premium, and the policy was delivered to tho prisoner. A quarter's premium only waa paid, which amounted to IOs. U.
Mr. Beet then proceeded to ad- dress the jury for the prisoner. Ho said it was clear, as stated by his learned friend in his opening address, that they conld nut con- vict the prisoner upon this charge wit hoot at tho same time declar- ing by their verdict that he had committed the horrible crimes of manuring his own mother and
his two innocent brothers, and he earnestly entreated them to pause before they came to such a dread- ful conclusion. The learned coun- sel then proceeded to argue that the theory set up by the prosecu- tion was a most monstrous and im- probable one, and that it conld hardly be possible for a human being to have arrived at such a pitch of wickedness as to destroy a young woman for whom he always npnesred to have expressed the moat ardent affection, and also to kill his own mother and bro- ther*, for the sake of obtaining tho paltry sum of £100. Tho learned counsel next proceeded to endeavour to show that the story tnld by the prisoner of his mother having killed his sweetheart and the children, end of her having, in a moment of frenzy, also at- tacked him, and that ho slew her in self-defence, might possibly be true, and he said that if any. even the smallest doulit, remained upon tho point, the prisoner was entitled to the benefit of it.
Mr. Justice Williams having gone over the evidence, particu- larly called tho attention of the jury to the fsct that the prisoner had himself stated that he wrench- ed the knife from hia mother after she had, as he alleged, murdered his sweetheart and hia two bro- thers, and. if his story waa true, she was then powerless, and might easily have been secured, and there was no necessitv to destroy her life. His Lordship also pointed nut thnt though It might be cre- dible that a person assailed as tho prisoner described himself to have l>fH'n, mitilit. in the excitement of the moment, have struck his as- sailant with the weapon ho had wrested from her; yet here there were three subs, and the throat
|
tfNUAL REGISTER, 1860. etarminrf* manner vernor and Chaplain were com- 1 extended down to pelled to interfere, and advise the < of the neck ; and father to withdraw. The entrea- i been done after the ties of his sisters for a time Eul>- n inflicted and the dued him, and he fell into a con- ■erpowered. versa t ion, in which lie again as- nth very brief iieli- Belted his story. But again he imed a verdict of lashed himself into rage against s .Judge passed sen- the witness Spice, particularly for i in suitable terms, his declaration that he would who had relaiued his rather the young woman had throughout, heard hanged herself than married such moved, and walked a man; lie declared in his frenzy, frith a firm and do- " One thing only I wish, and that is, that I could get hold of tins urs of this unrelent- man Spice, for I would strike his ere ehnrarlerized by bead off." His animosity against siuus that had im- this witness repeatedly broke out, j his terrible deeds and indeed seemed to be ft fk- of sullislmess which vouritu resort when he wished to :o everything which turn away his thoughts from his |
LAW CASES.
THE STEPNEY MURDER.
Thi Stepney murder will re- main memorable in the annals of crime, for it was attended by a combination of circumstances, each in itself remarkable, but which, considered together, read more like the complicated guilt of a French novel or an Adelphi drama than a possible occurrence of real life.
The victim of tins strange tra- gedy was a widow named Mary Kinsley, about TO years of age, re- siding in Grove lioad, Stepney. She was the widow of a builder and house-speculator, who in his lifetime had run up a large number of those small houses which cover the ground in Stratford, bow, and Bethnal Green. At his decease he left the whole of his property to his widow, who was consequently in receipt of a very large income, which report probably exaggerated at X'5000 a-yenr. She was a woman of extremely parsimonious habits, and dwelt alone in one of her own houses, admitting only the oc- casional assistance of a female ser- vant. She was particularly acute In the management of her hou-L'- property, purchasing the necessary materials for repair and decoration whenever she could pick up a lar- gnin, and employing jobbing work- men—men outuf regular employ- ment, or who were willing to work "after hours" — in doing the ne- cessary work. The workmen thus engaged were, of course, cliietly carpenters, plasterers, and painters. The class of houses which formed her property were let to families of working men. and generally on weekly payments. The old woman collected as much of these as she Mold herself manage ; the rest
was collected by irregular agents. From the nature of these collec- tions she was supposed usually to have a considerable sum of money in her house. To complete the notion of her habits it must be stated that she was extremely timid, and though compelled to see daily a considerable number of people, she rarely opened the door until she had reconnoitred her visitor; and that in the evening, when she had closed her shutters and locked her door, she would never, or very rarely, ndtnit anv person, however well known to Iter. She was, moreover, of vio- lent temper, and, when angry, sulky and eccentric.
Mrs. Emsley was last seen alive about T o'clock on the evening of Monday, the 13ih August; two persons living in the opposite house then observed her sitting at her bedroom window. On the following .lays, Tuesday, Wednes- day, and Thursday, numerous per- sons called at the house, wishing to see Mrs. Emnley on various luiMiiess ; but, as after repealed knocking* no one answered, these parlies went away. In most
b I mice, wiilj ihe unaltered ap|>eur. anee of the house from inoruing to night, and from day to day, would have rauscd quick suspicion, and no doubt did latterly cause some remark. Several circumstances, however, combined to lull inquiry in this ease. The neighbour hood is so thickly inhabited that appre- hension of violence could scarcely migeyst itself. The strange habits ol the old woman were well known ; and as all these unanswered calls were in the day-time, it was sup-
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. ins put it in the ou the night of the murder he .rposo of making a went to Stratford for the purpose 11 against Emm, of collecting rents belonging to proved to the jury the old lady there. Witnesses nigh they had seen would prove that Kmm was not id, if so, it showed out of their company up to nearly he not only guilty \-i o'clock at night; arid by a pro- hut guilty of :iu vidential circumstance he was ablo ffitroy the life of to prove not only that Emma wns In the first place, not out of his collage between was an exceedingly 8 and 9 o'clock— the hour when i. It was exceed- Mullins declared that he had seen le that, four weeks him come out and deposit ihe r, Emm should go parcel— but lie would prove that age iutu the shed he was ill, and did not leave bis e ibis evidence of cottage before 10 o'clock tint in the crime. It morning. The falsehood of the , too, that he, if prisoner's assertion would weigh ho ul d not have de- with the jury in considering the pie which would Le other proofs of his guill. The Bad would furnish prisoner was at work on a house |
LAW CASES.
645
doe of this country to cast upon the prisoner the proof of his in. nocenoe ; but if he could give a reasonable account of his where- abouts, that would of course rebut the presumption which otherwise would be so strong. There was another link in the chain of evi- dence. At ten minutes past 6 o'clock on] the morning of Tues- day, August 11, the day after the murder, the prisoner was met by a seafaring man named Mitchell passing through Stepney -green. He appeared to bo in a suite of groat nervous excitement; his pockets were bulky ; and so much ■truck was Mitchell with his ap- pearance that he, before Mullius was apprehended, gave information to the police on the subject. Then, again, articles had been found in his possession, or traced to him, which pointed clearly to his guilt Whoever the murderer was, it seemed unlikely that be obtained any great amount of tj, for after Mrs. Kinsley's
i A&l.
-old.
ailver, were found aevretod under some wood and coal in the coal cellar, and it was pretty clear that the murderer had been baulked of bia wished-for plunder. A pencil-case, however, win in the possession of the deceased, ami that pencil-case was disposed of by the prieoner's wife only a day or so before he gave information to the police. The dimpie. the lenses, the metal spoons, were taken by the muruYitr from the bouse that night. Near the body, en the binding, was a considerable quantity of blood, and in it was the partial imprint of a nailed shoe. In matter* of this kind ryesight was the best guide, mid therefore it had been thought right that the board containing Vol. CM.
this impression should be out out and laid before the jury. It had been discovered that the prisoner hsd occupied rooms at 12, Little Orford-street, Chelsea. He ceased to reside there about the 36th of August, and just before he left, the landlady saw flung out of the win- dow a boot, which was afterwards found in the duathole. The jury would see the impression in the board and compare it with the boot. Some human hair was found sticking to the boot. He did not attach too much importance to the fact. The head of the poor woman was dreadfully beaten in, and it was of course possible that some hair might have adhered to lha boot of the murderer; hot Mullins was by trade a plasterer, and it was possible that in the pursuit of his vocation another solution might be furnished. There was another point of im- portance. There were no marks of violent entry, and whoever entered last must have been let in by the deceased herself. There was reason to suppose that the prisoner, who was well kuown to her, would have some business there on the night of the murder. In the middle of the day the old lady hud dined with her niece ; and the prisoner, coming to her there more than once, had got the keys of some houses upon which he was at work. One of the keys was of n renutrkshte shspe ; and this key, which was given to him, wan found in a basket along with other keys in the old lady's bed- room, in which she had been seen sitting at 7 o'clock. Again, the pri- soner had assisted on a previous Saturday in taking a quantity of pM|HT hang jugs into the house, and these were carried up by him into a room where the body was dis- X N
LAW CASES.
547
the left eyebrow. The blade end of the hammer produced corre- sponded in length with the lace- rated wound, and in sixe and cha- racter the wound was audi as might have been inflicted with (he ham- mer. Gave it as hia opinion, when he saw the body, that the deceased had been dead three or four days. Saw her on .Friday in the middle of the day. What he observed was quite consistent with the death of the deceased by blows from the hammer on the previous Monday. Could not apeak to a few hours, or even to a day either way.
Several witnesses, neighbour* uf the deceased, deposed to having aeon her between seven and eight o'clock on Monday evening, the 19th of August, sitting at her window; and one had noticed at twelve o'clock that night that the abutters were still open. This was so remarkable a circumstance that she noticed it particularly. These witnesses staled that on the follow- ing days titer saw several persons call at the bouse, and knock re- peatedly without obtaining uny notice. One of these callers was a boy, who bad to deliver a letter to the deceased, ilo called at thu house at half- past 6 o'clock on tbo morning of Tuesday the 1 lib, and knocked repeatedly, but could get no answer. Another was u t>uu of Emm, who was scut by hi* father to get some brass tups, pur- suant to an arrange men t made with (ho deceased the day I * fore. tie went at an early hour, hut no one answered tu his knocking. Another person who had been ap- pointed by the deceased to call rest vet tug some paper-hangings, call at the bouse about )') a.m., on Tuesday, bat could not gain ad- mittance.
Richard Tanner, sergeant of de-
tective police, said he had known the prisoner wince the murder. First saw him with reference to the murder on the 38th August, when be was "fetched" in order that inquiries might be mado of him. On the 8th of September he again saw him. He called at witness's house, in Wood-street, Stepney. He said he had called to give some information. Ho said that since he had seen wit- ness previously, he had had sus- picions of a person who ho thought had committed the murder, and tbat he hod been watching him. Witness asked to whom he refer- red, and ho replied. " Emm." He sit id, that that morning be went to Kinsley's brick-field, at 5 o'clock, to watch Emm, pretending to be pickiug herbs. That he saw Emm come out of bis house and go to a ruin tifiy yards in front o! his house, and bring out u lurgo parcel, which ho took in doors. That became out again in ten minutes, and ap- peared to be looking about him. lie hud a small parcel in his hand, about the size of a pint pot. Emm, ho said, went to a shed close by, adjoining bis house, and going in- side remained about two minutes, and cainc out agaiu, without the parcel. Witness asked what ha thought the parcel contained, and
SiriBfintr said he could not tell. 'nsoncr afterwards proposed to go to the field that night, but wit- ne.-s said he could not till he had seen Inspector Thornton, who had charge of the case. Prisoner asked him to do nothing without him, and witness said he would send notice tu him at Oakham -street, t'heKca, next morning. There bad been a reward offered by this time — first of lisjf. and then of iiml. Prisoner knew of this re- ward being offered, and said, "If
x N a
|
INUAL REGISTER, 1860. ight, I'll lake ears There was also !i cheque (described niuiiLiiiL; (Sni!il:ii i 111 die Imii.lliiil olVi.-1'inj; tin- ivwi>hI] ;y's field in a cab nn the Bank of Loudon for 10/., prisoner, Serjeant dwvu by Pickering and Co., and nspector Thornton, two lenses. Mullins asked if they field wus here pro- had found anything. Witness said ■ui u marked on tho they had found something. Pri- hich any one could soner seemed delighted, and asked e slied adjoining, if they had found any money. e could also have They took the prisouer and Emm by any one. The to the Bt&tioB, and they were both gh private property, charged. Mullins said, "Is this ne, which any per- the way I ara to be served after ays enter. When Riving you the information?" Mul- the field they saw tins was searched, and they found an standing at tho his shoe lied with a piece of waxed of it from Emm's string. Witness afterwards went >ld Mullins tore- to hie lodgings, 38, Bum^ley -street, i was, and witness, where he found a bit of tape on a niton and Thomas, chimney -pieco. It was a bit of and told him they tape the same as that with which |
LAW CASES.
540
Done/, and would be admitted at ■ny time," Witness asid, " Mul- ling, would she have admitted von ? " He said, " No, she would ha*e called to me from the window or the area." Went with the pri- soner to Emaley's fields. [The witness then narrated the circum- stances of the search in the brick- field in the same terms as Ser- geant Tanner.] Afterwards went the prisoner's lodgings in Ilarasley- itreet, where he found a knife and a bit of string. The door of the prisoner's room was locked, bat he broke it open. Also went to the house in Oakham-etrcet, Chelsea, which was kept bj a per- son named Kelly. lie went to a lack room, where he found the prisoner's wife, and got a spoon marked " IV. P." (The spoon was produced.) The spoon was of ordi- nary metal, auch as was in com- mon use. The spoon wns of tho same kind as two found in the parcel, though not so much used. The letters "W. P." Ii<- took to be a trade mark.
Dr. Gill was recalled, and staled that he had examined the two bits of tape. The ends of the two pieces fuund corresponded with each other. There were B3 strands in each.
Inspector Thornton, of the de- tective police, nnrrated the cir- cumstances attending the search and discovery of the piireel ; udd- iug. that be went afterwards In Banwley-etrcet. and there in the prisoner's lodgings found the plas- terer's hammer among oilier lnol*.
Mr. Carryer. of the firm .'f Pickering snd Carryer, manufac- turing chymiats, of I. SulT-lk- ■ (net, Cambndgc-healli-road. ■*:«i-l ho was one of Mrs. Kmslcy't tenants, aad drew the cheque pro- duced on the 13th, giving it In
the deceased about 13 o'clock on the Monday. It was dated the lith, but this was a mistake. Was quite sure that he drew the check on the 13th. It bad never been through hie bankers' and had never been paid.
Mr. Joseph Biggs, residing at 25, Pol lard's -row, Be thual -green, said he knew the deceased and was in the habit of calling upon her on the Sunday evening. Did so on Sunday evening, the 12th of August. Deceased had depo- sited her plate with him. About four months before the murder alio took away a pencil-case from among the articles left wilh him. To the best of his belief the pencil- case produced was the one which she so took away. About four weeks before her death saw at her house the two lenses produced.
Mrs. Elizabeth Ootz, niece of the deceased, said she knew tho prisoner Mullins. Hud seen her aunt on Monday, August 13, when she dined at witness's house. Pri- soner camo to tho house while Mrs. EmBlcy was there, and asked for a particular key. The key pro- duced was tho ono which was then given to him. Saw the teaspoons produced in her aunt's house four weeks before the murder, and be- lieved them to belong to Mrs. Kinsley. Saw the pencil -case about two weeks before the mur- der, and identified it as also be- longing to Mrs. Kinsley. Tborv were no teaspoons found in tho house after the murder. Mullins was frequently employed by her sunt, and she (witness), by her aunt's request, ordered him on the Monday in question to come for tho key. Prisoner went nl-nt with Mrs. Kinsley on tint day titling keys and on other
|
NUAL REGISTER, 1860. 'orge deposed that 20 minutes past 10 before I went :d the deceased as out of ray cottage. My wife and 19 months prior daughter "'ere there. On the day Usually wont when the parcel was found I never turduy. On Sauir- went into the outhouse. Went to when witness was Mrs. Emsley's house on the Wed- 7 of paper-hangings uesdav. and was unable to enter. is carried them up. On Friday I gave information to seen the prisoner Mr. Rose. ics, and he usually Cross-examined: I went twice turdays to be paid to Mrs. Emsley's on the Wednes- le had done On day — in the afternoon and in the efore the murder, evening. On the Thursday went aid him about lis., again, aud again received no an- •y from her pocket, swer. On the Thursday evening produced were ex- I began to think that eomethtng ' belonging to the was wrong, so I called the nest witness would not door neighbour, who said he bad been out all day. My wife was nas Emm said : I there in the morning. I deter- ■ by trade, and live mined that evening to tell Mm. |
LAW CASES.
65 1
on the Friday before he was token into custody ; he was lying in the field, with hia handkerchief up to hla ores.
John Raymond, a Uilor, deposed that he saw the prisoner on the evening of the 13th of August. coming out of a urinal at the end of Grove-road. It was about II) minutes to 8 o'clock. Witness was waiting to enter the urinal himself. On coming out the pri- soner went round bv the Knrl of Aberdeen public- house, which would lead to No. i>. O rove-road, the residence of the deceased. The person wore a billy-cocked hat.
Sergeant Tanner we* recalled, and proved that the last witness picked out the prisoner from among a number of other persons at the police-court. Arbour- square, as the man he had seen coming out of the urinal.
John Mitchell, labourer at the docks, stated that on the morning or the 14th of August, at 5 o'clock, he saw the prisoner coming across Htepney- green. lie saw hia face quite distinctly. His pocketa were very bulky. This was about three- qoartera of a mile from Grove- road, where the murder was com- mitted. Stepney -green was a cir- cuitous rued lo take to Itanisley- streeL The prisoner looked very excited, and trembled all over
Cross -examined. — Was not afraid of the prisoner when he met him : but wax a little alarmed to see a man in so excited a state. He seemed tn be carrying some- thing very bulky in hia pockets. He wore a mund brown hat When witnew heard of the murder after- wards, he came to the conclusion that the man ho had met was con- nected with it, and he gave infor- mation lo the police. He heard
people talking of Mullins baring been in custody, and he went to the House of Detention to see him. When he saw him be knew him to be the raftii he had met on Stepney -green on the morning of the J -I tli of August. He hod not heard of the reward that had been offered, before he gave information. He, however, expected to get a portion of the reward.
William Rowland, paper-hanger, was in the habit of doing work fur Mrs. Fmslcy, and was a warrant- officer for somo years at Worship- atrect. On MondnV, the Iflth of August, he saw Mullins doing soma work for Mrs. Kinsley at one of her houses. Raw him again on the Wednesday. On the Fridny he saw him again at the houso of a Mr. Gulling. The latter asked if ther had heard of the death of an old* lady iu Grove road. Mullins fell into a tremor, and his counte- nance changed when he heard this. On Wednesday the 5th of Sep- tember, he saw him at the house or a person named Cooper, and found he was very much changed in ap-
immler, without finishing the job. Never saw the prisoner in a billy- cocked hrtt.
Isaac Tvnvl knew Mullins, the
Crisoner. Raw him at work at his ouso on Tuesday, the lilth of August. He had then a hammer, the ordinary hammer used by p! aileron. He did not finish the work that dav ; but came back on the Wednesday.
Robert Friar, ban in of a pab- lie- house in Chelsea — On Friday, the 7th of Septernl- r. be Uragbt a pencil-case from M| It was not straight « straight He also ' waa vary dirty.
____ «>v«w hiivivi
Inspector Thornton provSd hav- ing given instructions to cut out a piece of board from the landing in the house of the deceased. There were marks of blood on that board ; and on comparing the boot now produced with the impression on the board, it was found that there was a correspondence between them. Two nails in the boot par- ticularly corresponded with marks on the board ; and there was a hole in the centre of the sole of the boot in which there seemed to be a soaking up of blood.
On cross-examination, witness said there was a pencilled outline of the boot on the board, which was done by Dr. Gill.
The Lord Chief Baron, be- fore the boot was submitted to the jury, wished to say that it appeared to him the pencilled outline of the boot was not taken from the boot itself, but was wholly imaginary.
Dr. Gill stated that he had exa- mined the boot with a microscope, and found three hairs in different parts of it, one between t anl*
nao iCBULi
Mr. B« on behalf an allusic tressing 1 volved up the accuse important to dischar to bear ii in this U sumed to legally pr weigh im justice th« them. H Parry ha< was moe when the it, save tl — that it usually p< of the wc learned f them tha their com pend on for the co According
LAW CASES. 60S
tbe «ry outset It appeared that effectually search it ? No. It this woman bad bought a quantity was not for him to assign a motive of paper-hangings, and that she had for the conduct of the police, but mora of the article than aha it was clear that they very care- wanted. She was therefore de- lessly and superficially examined ■irons of stilling a portion of the Emma house and the adjoining
Jeered, thei
oss. It might be in- hovel. Mullins was described as jforo, (' ' '
goad, therefore, that at that par- anxious to see what was going o ' " " ~x time, seeing she had paper- and he at length came forward and i to sell, and considering told them to look behind "that bar penurious habits, that she bloody slab." The police did look would not be so careful of the there, and found a parcel tied admission of persons as at other with a piece of tape, and contain- times, and that other men besides ing four spoons — a large spoon the prisoner Mullins, would got and three smaller ones — said to easy access to her house. On tho have belonged to Mrs. Emsley. vary first blush of the case, there- It contained also two lenses, ami fen, there was reason to believe what was most important of all, that other persons than the prison- Pickering's cheque. His learned er might have obtained entrance to friend said Mullins was the mini the house on the night onjwhich tho who put (he cheque and those othi-r murder was believed to have been articles in the parcel, and that ho committed. It might be assumed charged Emm wrongfully with that the murder was committed having done so, having thus coin- between the hours of seven in the mined one murder and then nt- n renin g and eight on tho following tempted to commit another. Do morning. Then camo the ques- would dispose of this part of the tion, who committed the murder? case presently. A search was then and how did his learned friend en- made of the prisoner's room at deavour to bring it home to the Bamsley - street, snd there wss prisoner at the bar ? He stated, found a piece of tape which his id the first place, that the motive learned friend said corresponded which led the prisoner to lodge in- with the piece of tape tied round formation against another indi- tho parcel, and also some cobbler's ridoal was the hope of getting wax. A search wss also made of the reward that had been offered, tho house in Oakhatn-strect. Chel- These rewards — this "blood- sea, and there was found a hammer; money" — was of a very dangerous while at n hou*e in Orford-street tendency. It was evident that there uas found in the dustbin a from the moment the reward was boot which had been brought for- offered, Mullins had begun to com- ward as having nails that corre- municate with tho police ; and tho xponded with a footmark upon a conversation which had taken place hoard in the house of the deceased, with Serjeant Tanner was very Big- ltesidea this, there was discovered nificant — "Do not act without me, a pencil-case said to be marked and I will see you all right." It with a spot of blood, though ha was evident that the police under- did not think the jury were likely stood all about it. Then Mullins to rely much on that supposed and tha police went together to »pot of blood on a pencil-case, search the brickfield. Did they Unlearned friend then attempted
I i.
...wu uo una seen early in the morning, and which he declared to have been the prisoner. This man spoke of the pockets of the prisoner being very bulky ; but the jury would bear in mind that only a very few small articles had been missed from the house— bo small indeed that they could not have filled a man's pockets. One witness, Mr. Rose, mentioned hav- ing found a key in a basket in the old lady's bedroom, and it was said this was a key which had been given to Mullins. But there was nothing to show that this key had not been given back by Mullins to the old lady. In the evidence describing the appearance of the house and the various rooms, they were told that considerable splashes of blood were observed. The per- son who committed the murder, therefore, could not fail to have splashes of blood on his clothes — blood was not easily got rid of — but there had not been found a particle of blood upon any of the clothes of the prisoner. Then Dr. Gill described the nnaitmw «* *»--
leave in two con the jurj He had found in ask whe so peculi them as that thej taken fr As regai no peca more th that the' house nc der. 0 consider der that custody, cheque Pickerin cheque \ o'clock « which tt it not pc very da some on< ness? I and mig
LAW CASES. 656
of tide boot was so broken as to his journey to Stratford, pn-
leeve on the floor tho impression ceeded.] His learned friend held
described, would tho leather not that if he had cleared Emm he
ban soaked up a portion of the had established this ease against
blood? Had Ms learned friend tho prisoner at the bar— -that, ee-
W*D able to show that the boot tuated by the deairo to obtain the
tatd absorbed any of the blood, hia reward, and having been oogni-
owe would have been materially zant of the murder, he made up
■lengthened ; but he could not do the parcel containing the spoons,
so. Was it not singular also that the lenses, and the check, in order
the boot, saturated as it must hare that he might bring a charge of
been with blood, according to his murder against Emm. Then he
learned friend's case, should have brought forward Raymond to prove
Mt no stain on any part of the that he had seen Mullins in the
apertmontaP As to the pencil-case, neighbourhood of 0 rove-mad on
there was no evidence to prove the evening of the murder. He
that It had been in tho possession would put it to the jury, aa men of
of the old lady for three weeks intelligence and judgment, wfae-
belbre the murder. Tho pencil- ther Raymond's recognition of
case might hare been lent to Mul- Mnllins was to be depended upon.
linn by the deceased for some pur- Our criminal annals were full of
pose or other — it might be to mea- mistakes of identity, committed
sure something — and retained by even by experienced persons. To
him. He now came to the caso depend upon evidence of identity
of Emm, the shoemaker, and the was at all limes dangerous, but
finding of the parcel in tho old mure especially so when the life
hovel In Emsleys fields. It was of s human being was in danger,
no part of his duty to throw this The witness Raymond had a mere
crime on any one. It was sufli- casual glance of a man coming
cient for him if he could show that out of a urinal. In a moment
there was such a reasonable doubt the man was gone, and yet he
In the case ss to prevent them came into the box and swore that
arriving at the conclusion that the man he saw wan Mull ins.
the prisoner at the bar was the Then came the witness. Mil*
man who committed the murder, ch'-ll, who spoke to having seen
Therefore, though he must com- Mnllins on Stepney-green st an
ment on this part of the case, they early hour next morning, excited
were not to think that he charged and trembling, and his pockets
any human being with tho com- amazingly bulky. Mitchell said
mission of the murder. [The Mullins wore around brown hai,
learned counsel having commented not a billy-cocked hat, aa Raymond
on the frequent communication of said. This witness Raid be had
Emm with tho deceased, and the heard people talking ahont Mnl-
strangeness of his conduct in not lini before he came forward to
giving notice to the police when give evidence, and he admitted
he found that for several sun-en- with wrnu- reluctance that he did
bive days he could net gain ml- expect a portion of the reward.
mission to tho deceased's house. Ther.1 was nest |h» evidence of
and to the remarkable manner in I low land, to the effect that he saw
which he was prepared to prove Mullins very much agitated after
minimi nnishing it, and proceeded to another. With regard to the hammer, he maintained that no- thing could be drawn from it against the prisoner. There was no proof that a hammer was the instrument with which the murder was committed ; and it was to be observed that Mullins' hammer hndjiQ stain of blood. He would call witnesses to disprove the evi< dence given as to the place where Mulliuu was said to have been on the night of the murder, and to show where he actually was. When Emm was charged he was allowed to call around him his family to prove where he had been. He would now call the daughter of the prisoner to tell tbem that she had seen the pencil-case so often referred to in her father's house from as far back as the month of July. He would call the two boys of the prisoner to prove that on Monday morning they went from Orford-street to Barns- ley-street, and they would tell the jury that their father came honrn
between 9
house. He
Barnes, wh them that morning bo: moving papi it would be who was eei house was n deuce of the would have t lial scales o on what cir produced bj they were pr< it on the hat of which wai with a wound h on the tb thread found that had bee) on the piece on the parcel Even if the 1 parcel in th
LAW CASES.
god of prejudice, and not to make lbs man at the bur the first sacri- fice, the first victim whose blood would be sprinkled on that altar.
Mary Mullins said: On the 13th of August last I was residing with my mother at 12, Orfonl- strcet, Chelsea. My father then lived at Barnsley- street.. I have three brothers ; James and Thomas lived with my mother, John with
S father. 1 have seen the pen- case in the possession of mv brother James- I don't know where he ia now ; ho is a sailer. 1 saw the pencil casa last June, and since then I have seen it in my mother's possession. She bad it a fortnight before my father's was taken.
Cross-examined by Sergeant Parr; : — I wits in service when 1 hearil of the murder, living at U, Sloan e- terrace, with Mr. Gibson, 1 saw my father on the Saturday after the murder. Mr. (iibson dismissed mo from my situation i. si the Monday after my fatVr was taken into custody ; that was in September. My master read the case in the newspapers, and told mo I had better go. That was the only reason for my dis- missal. 1 was nut sent away be- cause I was seen removing a atone in the kitchen, and was thought to be concealing something there. Laat saw my brother .lames in July. Will mil that he has nut left home since the murder.
Thomas Mullins. aged It), sou of the prisoner, *tid : 1 am a labourer, aud occasionally assist my father in hid trade. Ueiucuibev Monday, the i:tth of August, uii which day I was staying with inj father in ISanuley-slrnL Mr brother was also slaying with U„. 1 wan d»ing uulhing. and remained at homo all day. My father was
out at work, his work that to seven. ¥. more that iii little bed by ther and I
half-past 7. up he ivuter- and stopped was at work Then, about Tuesday, ho
667
He came home from evening at a quarter a did not go out any ;ht. He slept in a liraself, and my bro- lept together in the We got up about When my father got -washed the passage the nail -holes, lie upon this till noon, half-past 13 on the had his dinner aud
Cross-examined, — Lust saw my brother James about three mouths ago. He was at home at the time of the murder.
When did be leave home '.' — No. he wasn't ut homo at the lime.
Why did you tell me he was at home'.' — 1 made a mistake. He left three or four weeks before the murder.
Hoi
t that <
V it II
glibly when lie left ? told mo just now something quite dilVereut. — Yes ; because I bad it in my mind. I do not know whore he is now. He went away in tho Merhtintf, bound to New York. I slept on the Sunday night in Little I Irfunl -street. My father was there, and left aUmt u o'cloek on the Monday mnruitig. 1 went up !■■ ltanisley-stri'i't about noon. My brother John was there. I went out for a short time, but with ■hat en option we were in the room all day together. My father came homo to bis dinner, and we all dined together. We had sujv- per on the Mutnlay and went to bed at U ocUk. My father -lee pi n (I on a t re- tie and sacking.
-rot her
ml 1 .
onu-hes. K'-inained m [tarasley- striet the whole of Tun*. Lay, and
sle| i again in tho room with my
because Mrs. Emaley refused to allow her to stay. Believed she used to sleep in the back-kitchen when my father was in Barnaley-
street, The children used gene- rally to sleep in my father's
John Mullins, another son of the prisoner, older than the last witness, said, — I live at No. 1, Rose-court, East Smith Held, and am a dock labourer out of employ. I remember my father living at 33, Barnsley-street. I lived there with him. X was there on Mon- day, August 13. My father and brother, the last witness, were there on that day. My father went out at his regular time in the morning, about 8; he came home about 12 to his dinner, and then went out to his work again. Saw him next a little before 7 o'clock. He sat till 8 o'clock, and went to bed at 9. I went to bed also in the same room. Did not go to sleep for some time afterwards. Got up next morning (Tuesday! at half-™at i -,-i~>-
luesaay n ford-street say how lot not go out brother ale iug.
Caroline Lauriston C I know Mrs own is nee Monday, th remember i I saw the 1 morning. 1 moving the i top room. . minutes to 1 right hand w way. Could eon in the ro
James St* residing in Li had occasion on Tuesday : Called at N. half-past 10. the road afti man come oi some paper-
LAW CASES.
550
papered at the time next door to pfo. 0. Did not recognize Mr. Rowland until be was close upon ma.
Michael Oaffney eaid he knew the prisoner at the bar, who last August was doing some work for him. Remembered Tuesday, Au- gust the 14th, on which day pri- soner came to work for witness about 1 o'clock.
Gross-examined. — Prisoner had not been at work for me on the Monday. He came to see the job on that day, and then said ho should be at work on Tuesday morning.
This was the case for the de- fence.
William Rowland was then re- called to contradict the evidence of the witness Stephenson. Ho said he was not near the place on Tuesday morning. About a week before he had met Stephenson, and had theu a bundle of pu|>er- hangings under his arm. He wished to be allowed to say that he had known Stephenson some time, and had always been under the impression that he was not quite right in his mind.
Caroline Briuson was called to contradict in one jwint the evi- dence of the prisoner's sons. She said,-*-! am a laundress. My mint lives at 88, Uarnsley-^trcet. She is an invalid. Mrs. MuMck, who waits upon my aunt, went away, and ou the Tuesday after the murder I went, about 10 o'clock. to take her place. Thomas Mul- lins was there that morning, but not the other brother. The pan- sage ceiling was water- washed on the Thursday, not the Tuesday.
Mr. licit having commented on the now evidence brought forward for the prosecution,
Mr. Serjeant Parry then replied
upon the whole case. He pointed out the contradictions into which the prisoner's sons had falleu, and which made it evident that thev had been tutored to give this evi- dence, which, from the begiuning to the end, was entirely false ; he rejected the evidence of other witnesses as absolutely contra- dicted by trustworthy persons ; aud pointed to tbo distinct manner in which Emm had been cleared. The learned Serjeant said he be- lieved that the evidence produced showed distinctly that this murder was committed by the prisoner at tho bar. Whoever put the parcel in the shed must have been tho murderer. Up to the time of tho murder the articles found iu tho parcel were known to be iu tho deceased's house ; and when tho murder was discovered they wcro no longer there. Whoever there- fore got possession of these articles must have got possession of them before any human being but tho murderer himself knew of the murder. The tape with which tho parcel was tied looked, on ordinary inspection, to bo exactly similar to the piece found in the prisoner's house, and on a minute exami- nation proved to correspond in every particular. What did tho primmer want with the piece of cobbler"^ mux which was found in his house.' Ho was not a shoe* maker : — but Kmm was ; and beyond doubt the use the prisouer required of this wax was to wax the piece of string which was tied round the parcel in order to give greater sen ibis nee to the charge which he intended to make against Kmm. These lavl*. considered in connection with the communica- tion, beyond all di»ubt fnUe, the priftoner made to the polio-, and his conduct at the search, showed
and of . itself almost conclusive against the prisoner as the mur- derer. They had it in evidence that the prisoner had received this key from the deceased in the mid- dle of the day of the murder, and it was subsequently found with other keys in the basket which wua in the bedroom in which the old lady was last seen sitting. The inference was that the pri- soner had called that evening and had been admitted by the deceased in order that aha might receive the key from him; that she had received the key and placed it in the basket, and that some conver- sation on the subject of the paper- hangings having arisen, she hud taken him up stairs, and that while engaged on this business he had taken the opportunity of strik- ing her down with the hammer which he had with him as a tool of his trade. The learned Counsel also referred to the cheque, the boot, and the other circumstances which have been detailed in the
did not <
against the he would r saying that against the
great deal 1 pieces of taj nothing to thirty-three were, probat tape with th he was able that one of t thicker than disposed to a tion to the fi been seen Grove-road, ance had be< the contradic soner's sons, hammer pro mon plastere prisoner mus the tools pro With referei the parcel in for the jury
LAW CASES.
661
house. If the jury believed that the prisoner waa upon such terms with Mrs. Emsley that he would at once have been admitted by her, then he had stated that which wis untrue, and the jury bed reasonable ground for suspect- ing that ha had some motive for doing so. With regard to the panel, there could be no doubt that whoever placed it in the shod waa connected with the murder. The prisoner said he saw Ltuiu go to the ruin, and bring from it a large bundle. Why did Emm put the bundle there'.' It could hardly be to conceal it from his family, because, according to the prisoner, he afterwards look the parcel into his bouse, and there made a selection from tbo pro- perty it contained. What could be the object of concealing such comparatively worthless articles us two lenses and some metal spooiii '! As to the check, unu would have thought the murderer would Imve been only too anxious to got rid of it the moment he came near a can- dle oralire. It was valueless, and would furnish damning evidence against any one in whose posses- sion it waa found. Did tins look like the concealment by a thief and a murderer of property which might so easily have been de- stroyed, or did it louk like "a plant"— something put there lo create a suspicion that Euiui was in some way connected with the robbery'.' It was clear that bo- aides Emm no other p< rsuu save the prisoner could have put the parcel in the shed : and. under the circumstances, n nui nut to bo wondered at tbut the police suspected the priuuiLr. If the jury believed the eiidenco of the witnesses who spoke to Emm's journey to Uromley and Stratford Vol. CI1.
on Monday night, and the evi- dence of his family as to the sub- sequent morning, Emm was excul- pated. His Lordship then cau- tioned the jury against giving too much confidence to the supposed recognition of the prisoner on the morning following tbe murder; mis- takes as to identity were common incidents 10 legal proceedings. Some stress had been laid upon the boot which was said to correspond with the bloody print : but before this evidence was made available, it ought to be pretty clear to every observer that such a similarity existed between the footprint and the boot that the one must neces- sarily be a copy of the other. There was said to be blood on tbo pencil-case; but Dr. Gill could not tell whether it was human blood : — and so with tbe hair on the boot, this witness did not tako upon himself lo say that it corre- sponded in appearance null tbe hair of iho deceased. The case
aion to which the jury would come respecting the pared. Who made up that piireil; The counsel for the defence said that tbe cluck might have passed out of Mis. Kinsley's bauds and have c»uic into the prisoner's possession. Ilnl the prisoner bad uot told them how be got it, and if be bud got it properly, the jury had a right i<> expect from lorn au explana- tion. Toe iiientiiy of tbe spoon, and the lenses was made, much mure complete by their being found along with the check, as l» which there could Lc no doubt at all
tbe prisoners bouse a sj-on was found corresponding in «irry re- spect with the spoons iu the par OO
of mere suspicion suffice to sustain tbe ease against liim. Upon the whole case; did the evidence lead irresistibly to the conclusion that the prisoner Was guilty? In the words of Lord Tenterden, did it bring to their minds that Ann pbr- suasion, that degree of conviction, upon which people would act in their own important concerns ? If so, it was their duty to act Upon this persuasion. It was to the interest of the public that no inno- cent man should suffer, and it was also to their interest tbat the guilty should not escape. In forming a judgment upon such a case, it would be idle til estimate the chances of acquitting the guilty or of convicting the in* nocent. No such calculation could be attempted. Were the jury of opinion, upon tbe whole evidence that the prisoner was guilty ? If ao, the duty of return- ing that verdict must, however painful, be discharged. If not, the prisoner was entitled to be set
manner, v to say wt
hia innoce evidence a true.
Tbe Lc said: — Jai been eonv wilful mun Mary Ems gust last- think very the pattern propriety of counsel com by those The jury a) and after pc found you dressed the dance again been more s had address some parts considered I against you. have confln
LAW CASES.
563
Goort, to meet what I considered to be the really grave part of the evidence against you, you would have told us whether you were in puauasuion of the check or not, and whether your accusation against Emm was true or false. If you were in possession of tho check. you woula have told us how you mat by it. I mention these points to abow that the remarks you have aide appear to me entirely beside the ease which has been proved against you. The jury have found you guilty, and without some ex- planation of your conduct — an ex- planation which you have not furnished — without Borne evidence, of which there does not appear to be any in existence — I own that I do not see how any reasonable per- son ean come to anv other conclu- sion than that your charge against Emm was altogether false, and that you were responsible for the possession of those marks of guilt contained in the parcel. The murder of this helpless old wo- man was a wicked, cruel, and aggravated crime. The unhappy sufferer may have felt little, as she was probably deprived of sensation by the first blow. Hut it is mani- fest that whoever committed tho murder took good care there should be no possibility of re- covery, and that life should bi» utterlv extinct. I endeavoured to leave the case entirely for the con- sideration of tho jury. I am still of opinion that some of the cir- cumstances urged against you. instead of increasing the weight of evidence for the prosecution, only tended to emltarruss the jurv in coming to a conclusion. Hut with that conclusion I am lionnd to state 1 am (perfectly satin! nil ; and with the evidence before them, uncontra- dicted aa it wad, sud unexplained.
as part of it might have been, I do not see how they could come to any other. It only remains for me now to entreat you to make the best use of the time which may be Bpared to you before the execution of the sentence. It is my duty to pass the judgment which the law provides for the punishment of so awful a crime. I do not think that I am either called upon or should be justified in adding any* thing to the precise terms of the sentence. If you can even now make it manifest that von are in- nocont of the charge, I do not doubt that everv attention will be paid to any cogent proof laid be- fore those with whom it rests to carry the sentence of the law into oxecution. That duty, however, does not belong to me ; and I have only now to order that you be taken to the place from whence you came, and theuco to the place of execution, there to l»t« hung until vou bhall be dead, and that
• w
your body be buried within tho precincts of the prison where yon (dial I last have been con lined prior to vour oxecution.
»
Although the sufliciency of tho evidence on which tho jury had arrived at the verdict of guilly wns much camusAed by the legal profession, the public were uni- versally sat in tied that the prisoner was* reallv the murderer, and tho callous wickedness of hi* attempt to compass the death of Kmm, deprived him of the slightest sympathy, Kven tho advocates for the abolition of death- pun ihh- nieiit were talent, and Mulling was executed on the ltHh Novi ml«r.
He left a written "*taiein*'iit, * in which he re-asserted hi* inno- cence, with many proteitationa. The most noteworthy e\ predion of this paper is this:— "i bo- on v.
and motives, the following passage ine compu
is not a Utile singular:— " I make Mullins is nc
this statement in order to let the in our records
public know that my life has been to be found i
taken away by the moat gross and 1844. In the
most false -swearing evidence that was found mui
was ever given in a court of justice, at Yarmouth,
all through the hopes of getting Yarham, Royi
money. I say that they have no were suspect*
right to any part of the reward, Before the t
and I hope they will get none of teered to gi<
it" When the antecedents of this the convictioi
great criminal's life became known. His offer was .
there was the less surprise that he a pardon, and
should have planned so atrocious a His statement
scheme as that directed against the guilt of
Emm. He had, as formerly stated, only implicat*
been in both the Irish and Eng- he admitted e
lish police. While in the former the deed. T
force, he is said to have been em- dence was no'
ployed as a detective or " spy " anticipated : i
upon the movements of certain po- him, and ao
litical conspirators, in which he Yarham conce
rendered good service, and in in these pro
mining the secret instigators of cured impuni
certain agrarian crimes. He was being thus re
afterwards a seijeant in the E made etatemi
division of the Metropolitan police, connection wi
from which he was superannuated cumstances, i
565
PATENTS
Sealed. From January \tt to December 31*t, 1800.
%• It is frequently difficult to make an abstract of the lengthy descriptions given by the patentees of their inventions, sufficiently short for the purposes of this list, and yet sufficiently accurate to indicate exactly the nature of the invention. It is hoped, however, that sufficient is Riven to afford to an inquirer the means of making more accurate researches in the official records.
Abbott, fire-anus, Feb. 10 Abbott, incombustible*, June ID Abel, fire- protecting, June 22 Accaram, treating zinc ores, Aug. 14 Adams, railways. Jan. 4 Adams, fire-anus, July 20 Addenbrooke, packin.tr goods, March 9 Addenbrooke, raising weights. June 19 Adie, measuring distances, Aug. 7 Agata, disinfectant, Nov. 13 A per, breaking up land, Oct. 23 Alhrecht. sifting-apparatus. Oct. 17 Aldin, paving-tiles, Nov. 23 Allan, electricity, March 27 Allday, separating filing.*, July t> Allen, window-sashes, Aug. 14 Allcyne, boilers and tanks, Feb. 21 Allsop. gas apparatus, Feb. 2s Alvcy, envelope*. May 11 Ambler, weaving-looms, July 27 Anisdcn, straw bats. May 1 Anderson, smoke-consumer*. Jan. 25 Anderson, motive power engines. Apr. 24 Anderson, motive power. May 22 A unable, printing-machines. Aug. 14 AppUby, wove fabrics July 21 Appletrath. block printing. Jan. 17 Applcgnth, printing machines. March 2 Applctou, removing patterns, July 27 Argy, candlestick. Nov. 13 Armour, measuring substances, Apiil -O Aniot. knob spindle. Aug. 24 Arrow smith, land lotteries. May 2'.» Arrow smith, learns and girders. Mat 21* Arrowsmith. kisIi iron. Nov. 13 A*h, n.frig« ratnr*. I He. *J1 Ashb\. thrashing machine.-, S«pt. 3 Aidihy, hay making maehines. S. j.t. 3 Ashcroft. hand drill Mock, June 5 A *h worth. |>ower looms, Sept. 19
Aspell, power-looms, Sept. 19 Aspinall. evaj>oratiug sugar. Jan. 26 Asscr, photographic proofs, Aug. 21 Atkinson, firearms, Jan. 4 Atkinson, railway breaks, Feb. 21 Atkinson, chimney- tops, Oct. 11 Aubertin. soap. Nov. 9 Auchinclo*s, washing fabrics, Feb. 21 Aucrhach. number indicators, May 1 Aucrbach. distance indicators. May 1 Auld, supplying boilen*. April 13 Avcltng, locomotives. Feb. 21 Ave ling, locomotive engines. Oct. 4 Avery, wcigh-looks. Jan. 13 Backctt, cleansing powders, March SO Bacon, lamp-globes. May 1 Bagster. finishing paj>cr, May 22 Bailey, stretching machines. Jan. 25 Bain, copying letters, Oct. 17 Baker, changing money. May 11 Baker, white lead, Nov. 0 Baker. r-ofuning lead. Dec. 18 Ballande. printing paper, Aug. 3 Hamlet t. reaping maehincs. <K*t- 11 Bauoruft, curtain fabrics, Jan. 2a Baranow>ki. coining preaacs, Aug. 21 Barker, meerschaum pij>c*. April 27 Barker. hop»e- shin1*, July 3 Barker, fermenting apparatus, Nov. 16 Barker, raiding fluids, ike. 4 Barling, propelling \csm-1*. June 12 B.irlow. caniiug engine*. May 1 Barlow, carding machine*, June 1 Barlow, screw -cutting machines, Joac 8 Barne*. oars and row I or kn, Feb. 28 Barnett. dning graiu. Ike 4 Barn*lc\. nebKti iron tut*r«, Dec. 7 Barrc. cngraviug mtul*. Feb. 28 Barrc. steam -taller*, July 31 Birth, ai rating fluids. Nor 13
uauate, wood-grooving machine. Aug. 21 Bauer, driving apparatus, Map 99 Bmgh, finishing sheet iron, Feb. 7
Hiivlira, fire-arms, July 3 Beardmorc, electric telegraphs, May 22 Beards, Bteam-ploughing, Feb. S Beaumont, measuring liquids, Feb. S Bedells, boots and shoes, May 1 Bedson, puddling furnaces, June S Bell, reaping machines. Feb. 24 Hell, hot- blunt, March S3 Bell, sulphate or magnesia. Hay ID Bell, steam- engines, Oct. IT Bellamy, wire lattice work, March IS Belleville, steam -gen craters, May IS Belpaire, fire-boxes. Aug. 14 Beniugfield, fountain pens, July 6 Benn, drills, Feb. 21 Bennett, safety-valves, Oot. 98 Benson, projectiles, Feb. 10 Beotall, screw presses, March ST Bcntall, cutting machinery, April 13 llcntall, crushing grain, April IT Bentlcy, way chairs, May 22 Derek, cloth selvages. Nor. 20 Dcrgc, fastening purses, Feb. 38 Bergor, navigation, Fob. 8 Bcrgcr, steering YesscU, July 10 Bernard, boots and shoos, Jan. 18 Bernard, bouts and shoes, Jan. 13 Bernard, boots and shoes, Feb. 23 Bernard, boots and shoes, April 17 jlerri, date stamp, Sept. 2T
Blake, steam- Blake, treatii Blakcloy, roti Blakelcy, saw Blashfield, bu Blink horn, cl< HI ink horn, br Blink horn, pn Bonier, wathlrj Bodmer, convi Bod me r, wash: Boei, ornamet Boisaeau, extri Bolton, hollow Bolton, wind in Bolton, sptnnli Bond, weaving Bonclll, weaTii Bouelli, electri Bonnet, planln Bonnor, Iron-n Boothby, trave .Borisae, separa Boeselaers, corl Bothwoll, venti Bottomley, wea Bottomley, spii Bunch, railway Boulard, clean! Boulton, slide 1 Ilourcart, cardh llourcart, mulci Bousfield, steer Bousfield, stean Bousfield, mint
PATENTS.
50?.
Bremjmd, apfjutyts* Oct 11 Brethorn, bricks and tiles, July 24 Brickhill, screw propellers, Nov. 1 Bridget, elastic band* Sept. 3 Bridget!, regenerating steam. Oct 11 Bridle, refirigeratora. Oct 4 Briere, railway breaks, March 2 Briggs, tarpauling, Jan, 31 Briggs, washing machine, May 1$ Bright, navigating air, April 13 Bright telegraph conductors, Aug. 17 Brinamead, rotatory screens, Jan* 4 Broadley, weaving, Jan. 17 Broel soap, 8epU 3 Brookes, wheel tyres, April 3 Brookes, preparing fibres, April 30 Brooks, folding yarn, April 13 Brooks, gmns and pistols, April 20 Brooks, paying-out cables, Slay 11 Brooman, desiccating substances, Decl 1 Brooman,extracting sulistanccs, July 13 Brooman, coffee mills, Feb. 3 Brooman, sewing machine, Jan. 4 Brooman, weaving threads, April 20 Brooman, heating water, June 22 Brooman, quills and spools, Aug. 10 Brooman, incombustible*, May 8 Brooman, locks and keys, Jan. 31 Brooman, bank notes, Aug. 21 Brooman, driving rolling stock, Nov. 6 Brooman, cryptography, April 13 Brooman, cement, Jan. 4 Brooman, treating substances, Nov. 20 Brooman, colouring matters, May 26 Brooman, winding threads, July 24 Brooman, magnetic engines, April 13 Brooman, wheel-naves, Aug. 2d Brooman, stamping- presses, Aug. 17 Brooman, buttons, Sept. 27 Brooman, colouring matters, April 24 Brooman, spinniug fib run, Jan. 31 Brooman, cleaning boilers, Feb. 7 Brooman, oil mills, May 8 Brooman, lifts, March lo* Brooman, poultry waggon, May 25 Brooman, Lorae-rakes, Due. 21 Brooman, preparing oils. April 17 Brooman, plastic compositions, April 27 Brooman, fire-arms, A ay 1 lirooman, harrows, Dee. 28 Brotherhood, generating Hteam, Aug. 24 Brown, gunpowder, March U3 Hrowu, treating crop*, April 17 Brown, window -sashes, Sept. lU Brown, furnaces and retorts, Nov. 23 Brown, ordnance, Nov. 2ti Bnn-knhaw, chivaliug grain, April 17 Brydrii, blind mount mgs, Aug- 24 Buchanan, bcalds for weaving, June 8 Back land, prepared peat, Jan- 20 Buck land, prepared peat, March 2o
Buck well, slabs and plates, Oct 17 Buck well, printing telegraph, Oct 17 Buck well, iron roofs, Oct 23 Budd, terne plates, Dec 28 Budden, pile-driving, Jan. 4 ttudden, motive power, Nov. 20 Buhring. spring powor, Fob. 10 Bullough, weaving looms, Oct. 23 Burgess, reaping machines, April 13 Burgess, mowing machines, May 11 Burgess, anchovies, May 11 Burgess, mowing machines, June 23 Barley, tool-handles, July 10 Burnett, electric telegraphs, Nov. 20 Burrows, weaving looms, April 20 Burn tall, bricks, Oct 1 1 Bury, textile fabrics, Aug. 10 Bu.«h, soidliU powder, April 20 Bushel!, agricultural machine, Oct. 11 Busk, drawing fibred, 11 ay 1 1 Butlin, Kupcrhcatiug steam, July G Buttcrworth, spinning machines, Oct. 26 Buxton, safety cages, Sept. 3 Callard, wheatcn dour, June 8 Calvert, portable buildings, Sept 19 Calvert, colouring matters, Sept. 27 Cam pain, removing straw, April 27 Campbell, preparing oils, Feb. 10 Cainpbvll, removing mud, Dec. 4 Campltcll. dry dock. Dec. 4 Campion, ncwiug uiachiueB, Dec. 21 Canu. cniiihiug minerals, Feb. 17 Capleu. boots aud »hoes. May i Capper, railways, Feb. 7 Carl i ell. vent-peg*. Jan. 13 Carpentier, metrical ap|«ratus, Sept. 27 Carr. drying glue, May 8 Carrick, water-eloseU, April 13 Carter, tilliug machine*, July 20 Carter, noldier*' knapsacks, Sept 1U ( "arur. gas-burner machine*. ( let. 4 Cartwright, steam-engine*, iKjc. 11 Cartwrierht, dental mouthpieces, Dee. lii Carver, lace combs Aug. 3 CatluU. ir.u* metcra, March 27 C.vlin, lliuting bodies. Nov. 20 f.itor. preparing tibrv*. July 27 Cixaiiagh, lock spmd lev. Nov lit
< li.nl » uk. measuring liquid*. Au{. 25
< haliners, gas-stoves, April 20
< 1. imU-rlaiu. cutting cork. Feb. l«j Chambers, railway atonal*. June 22
( liamlKTM, ftraigutenmg iron, Srpt 27 Champion,* pi unlet and ltohbius, Juni ; U chance, gls^s, March 13
< hauler. »uppU in.: air. Jan. 27 Chaplin, drawing « -ii^ino. J».l> I'» Ch.ipui*, ceramic product*. Aug. 2* t'harlcKvorth. cigarclU-a, Jul> 31 Charlton, navigating steam ships* May I Chartroulc, iodine, Jul) 21
Chevalier, table-stand, Nov. 13 Chevrier, neutralizing smell, April 27 Childe, cleaning grain, Feb. 3 Chills, artificial garni, March 23 Chiida, pocket match-safe, Oct. 2S Church, coke, June 29 Cichowaki, ploughs, April 27 ClaoiT, corks and bungs, Oct. 23 Clapham, deodorizing agents, Not. 20 Clark, railway axles, July 24 Clurk, engines, Jan. 17 Clark, drying fabrics, Aug. 3 Clark, telegraphs, Feb. 17 Clark, vegetable matters, Not. 23 Clark, railway rails, June 3 Clark, file-cutting machines, Not. S , Clark, envelope?, Dec. 14 Clark, music-bolder, Jan. 20 Clark, pulp machine, May 22 Clark, ammonia, Oct. 17 Clark, disinfecting matters, April 24 Clark, bathing media, April 13 Clark, applying paper, Sept. 12 Clark, power-looms, Oct. 11 Clark, storing grain, Dec. 7 Clark, treating peat, Aug. 14 Clark, telegraph wires, April 20 Clark, gas, July 27 Clark, boots and shoes, June 8 Clark, cyanide of barium, Not. 1 Clark, railway signals, March 16 Clark, sewing machines, Feb, 14 Clark, tanning hides, Sept. 12 Clark, steam-engines, Sept. 10 Clark, fire-arms, Oct. 11
Cole, pencils an<l Coles, iron -cased Collier, pile fabr Colligoou, typos Col Iyer, paper pi Collyer, drawing Col Iyer, tubes, C Collyer, telegrap Collyer, preparii Combe, hackling Combe, stubbing Conant, weaving Cook, icrew-mak Cooktou, gu rep Cooloy, wove fab Cooper, drying j Cooper, fire-arm i Copcutt, gas and Cope, lace fabric: Cope, treating t< Copping, coffins, Corbett, pulping Corbett, evapora Cordner, kites, 1 Cormier, presen Comely, railway
Curry, gloves, St Cot tain, chairs a Cotterell,nmbrel Cotton, looped G Cotton, looped ft Court, gas-lampr Cowan, " braciuf Cowdery, brick-l Cowper, mixing
PATENTS.
669
CiawswiH, mpJBg-machhm, May 22 Croamey, singe plates, Oct 11 Culpin, water-closets, July 27 Cannew, flattie bands, Jan. 4 Cauningham, reefing sails, Aug. 10 Cauningham, wearing, Jan. 4 Carley, measuring liquids, June 1 - Curtis, finishing fabric*, July 17 Csmgajewiei, stereoscopes, July 8 Daft* coating metal, Feb. 8 Daft* flexible TalTes, March 23 Daft, coating iron, July 24 Dagron, microscope, Sept 27 Dahlko, filtering, July 27 Dale, colouring matter, 8cpt. 19 Dale, colouring matters, Not. 20 Dale, dyeing nrtrics, Oct. 17 Dales, deodorising fluid*, April 24 Dalgety, time-keepers, Aug. S Dammann, fumigations, March 27 Dana, fire-arms, Oct. 11 Daniell, fire-arms, May 11 D'Anbrerille, meUllic boxes, Oct. 28 Darey, dress fastenings, Not. 6 Darin, jacqaard apparatus. April 27 DaTidson, paper bags, Feb. 7 DaTies, pasteboard, Jan. 31 DaTies, gas-burners, June 26 DaTies, printing, Feb. 28 Daries, tobacco-pipes, June 1 DaTies, dyeing fabrics, Jsn. 25 Daries, boots and shoe*, Nov. 1 DaTies, vaporizing liquid*, March 30 Danes, stocking needier. Dec. 21 DaTies, gunpowder, Sept. 27 DaTies, mattresses, Dec. 4 Davies, supplying boilers, Dec. 28 DstIs, making bread, Aug. 10 Davis, safety apparatus. Nov. 1 Davison, fluid •holders. March 16 Dawes, exhaust iou hammer. May 16 Dawes, metal shoe*, July 13 Dawes, working hammer* June 26 Dawson, weaving loom**. April 3 Dawson, dyeing cotton, Oct. 23 Dar, underclothing. April 20 Deacon, soda. July 27 Desne, fire-arm*, Sept. 19 Deane, kitchen ranges, Dec. 11 De liaran, stopping bottle*. <>ct 11 I>e Hary, cigar-makiiii:, April 3 Do llcrgue, riveting machine*. July 6 Do Buyer, cant-iron wheel*. Nov. 1 De larval ho, bridge* and ceilings, Dec. 4 Dc Changy, bread, April 17 Defric*, gas-meters, March 13 Dejcan, motive power. May 25 De \m Ferte. photography', April 13 Dclafield, d bUUing glycerine. June 22 Dc I Aire, colouring matter. Not. 9 Dclannoy, lubricaliug. Feb. 8
Debwier, coffee-pots, April 27 De Lisle, clarifying liquids, Feb. 8 De Maniquet, spinning filaments, Jane 8 De Matthys, telegraph cables, May 29 De Meyer, pianofortes, Nor. 13 Dempsey, foldins; bindings, June 19 De Nabat, shearing animals, June 22 Denis, preparing pulp, Not. 6 Denison, weighing-machines, July 13 Denny, singeing pigs, May 22 Denny, feed apparatus, Oct 17 Destss, wind or water engine, Aug. 28 DesTignes, exhibiting pictures, Aug. 24 De Tivoli, ambulance, Dec 4 Dewar, moulding india-rubber, June 29 Dewick, bobbin-net, Dec 18 Dible, ventilating, Jan. 4 Dickins, spinning and doubling. Not. 28 Dickson, making yarns, June 8 Dicrickx, coining,* Feb. 7 Dietz, lubricators, Aug. 8 Dinsmore, splitting leather, Dec 18 Disston, hand-saws, Not. 23 Dodd, smith's apparatus, March 80 Donald, raising liquids. May 11 Donisthorpe, dressing fibres, Feb. 14 Donkin, alide-velves, Jsn. 81 Donkin, paper-making. July 20 I>orsctt, heavy oil. May 22 Dougall, fire-arms, Not. 6 Doull, excavating, Dec. 28 Dowic, railway signals, May 4 Dray, reaping machines, Dec. 11 Dressier, dining-tables, June 26 Drieu, tissue, April 20 Driver, washing apparatus, Aug. 28 Drukker, clocks, Oct. 11 Drury, vices, Feb. 24 Dufotwe. framework, Oct 11 Dugdale, shaft tiearings. Nor. 9 Dutrdalc, weaving looma, Dec. 4 Dujardin. printing telegraphs, Aug. 21 Dulos, engraving metals, Aug. 14 Dutnont, scpsratimr minerals, Dec 28 Duncan, charcoal, July 17 Dunn, locomotive*. July 13 Dunn, lewlling liquid*. Jan. 27 DuunicliflT. bonuct front*. May 22 1 hiunirliff, bobbin-net machines, Oct 23 Dunock, drying wool, March 9 Duplonih, finishing fabrics. March 6 I Hipp*, carpenters' benches. Jan. 4| Durand, poppy paper, Aug. 7 Iiusautoy. making paper, July 8 lUgleton. annealing foresees, Feb. 14 Fjumto, tanning, June -*V Ksntwsn, door hoi u. Dec 14 Kastman. screw propellers, Feb, 28 rU*twood. steam hammers, May 22 Kastwood, Lathe*. May 22 Kastwood, combing fibres, March It
Elkin, wiodow-inuu™, hl.j *■
Elliot, weighing coal, Nov. SO Ford, <
Elliott, strengthening surfacing June S Forgie
Elliott, lubricators, March 13 Fonno
Ellis, reticules, Jan. 4 Foorni
Ellis, ■ team-engines, Sopt, 13 Fowler
Emery, carriages, June S Fowfei
Eagctmann, swam -engines, March 13 Fowlei
Engler, electric insulators,, March 6 Fowlei
English, copying machine, Maruh 80 Fox, u
Ermcn, spinning fibres, July 13 Fox we
Erekine, fire-anna, Jan. IS Froelai
Eakcll, artificial tooth beds, Deo. 38 Fit, fu
Eunaon, refrigerators, June 29 Fuller,
Evans, drawing metals, Doc. 31 Fyfe, r
Evans, polishing thread, April 27 Oadd, •
Evans, polishing yams, Oct. S3 Oaillar
Evaui, artificial marbles, Jan. 31 Oambt<
Ewer, fountain pens, Sept 27 dunlin
F&bcr. pencil-oases, July 37 Gardm
Fail-bairn, aclf-soting lalhea, Oct. 4 Oardnc
Fairbaim, hemp rollers, Oct. 33 Garnet
Fairbanks, weighing lotion, Feb. 8 Oatelli
Fail-bum, combing fibres, March 2 Oatww
Fairctough, bottoms, June IB Oedgo,
Farmer, coeoa and chocolate, Sept. 87 (lodge,
Former, boots' heels and tips, Not. 26 (ledge,
Farquhar, gas-routers, Feb. 3 Gcdge,
Farrar, treating iron, Jan. 4 Qedgc,
Farrar, spinning fibres, Dec, 7 Gedge,
Fearn, buoys, Feb. 28 Gedge,
Feamlcy, a team -h ammo re, June 26 Gcdge,
Feamley, wearing- looms, July 18 Gcdge,
Fcldwick, roller-blinds, April 20 Gcdge,
Ferguson, weaving- looms, Nov. 8 Gcdge,
v — "wm™*. nistons, March 23 Gedge,
PATENTS.
671
Gloag, fire-arms, Deo. 28 Godchaux, printing designs, May 15 Goddard, dyeing yarns, July 10 Godefroy, submarine cables, April 17 Ooff, during malt and corn, Fob. 31 Goodall, earding fibres, June 15 Gordon, pulping coffee, March 16 Gossage, soap, May 8 Qossnm, carbonate of soda, May 15 Gotten, locomotive engine*, Juno 1 Gulaon, fluid meters, Dec 21 Goulaon, gas-meters, June 29 Oourlay, steam-engines, Sept. 12 Goutard, winding-up watches, Dec. 21 Oowland, surveying instruments, Mar.0 Graham, galvanising iron, April 27 Grainger, fire-arms, Sept. 12 Grant, breakwaters, Nov. 13 Grantham, raising vessels, Oct. 11 Gray, power-looms, July 17 Greaves, moulding pipes, April 20 Greaves, railways, April 20 Green, charging gas retort*. Dec. 28 Green, manuring machine, June 1 Green, coating metals, April 20 Green, boiler-tubes, Jan. 13 Green, brick machines. Oct 4 Green, bag machine, Aug. U> Green, sewing-machine, < >ct. 23 (ireon, agricultural implements, Sept. 11) Orecnway, salt, Oct 25 Greenwood, tile*. Dec. 4 Greenwood, lathe-bed*, April 13 Greenwood, cutting wood, Aug. 3 Greenwood, carding fibres, Dec 28 Gregory, steam-engines. Feb. 17 Greiner, pianofortes, April 3 < * rice, nuts and ncrcws, May Ji Orimond, weaving, Oct. 23 Grimxhaw, washing and bleaching, Feb. 7 (trimshaw, letter-boxen, Jan. 13 (trimshaw, indicators. July ti (trimshaw. compreKsing earth, Dec. 21 <!rimnton, I tailing threads. lKo, 21 Online), drawiiuz album*. Nov. i< dtittroy, rnnoko-conituuii'r. July 13 (•uflroy, preparing fish. Dec 7 Ouil»al, miuiiiir ap|*anitiu. March 27 (iiiillcmin, suhmuriui' U'Uurupli, Nov. 6 Oullick. spur-lnii, Aug. 14 Oumpvl, motive power. March 13 Outline, lowering «hi|w' UiaU, June 22 Hark worth, dynamic valve ^ear. Apr. 17 Haddan, firearm*, Aug. 3 Hadficld, rutting slave*, Ai>ril 27 Hadficld, bricks and tile*. IVc 4 H:i«lti»M, ca»k* and liarrel*. |iw\ 4 H.iMw.n. Hpinnini; fibre*. March 13 lLu-i'k. refrigerator*. Jan. ».'» ll.iiu^f*. drmti£ «tni|H», H*\ Jltf Hale, lailiea* garmcuU, Jin 25
Hale, candle-lamp, Aug. 28 Hale, impelling shot, Doc. 21 Hall, india-rubber cloth, Oct. 4 Hall, cotton-wadding, Jan. 17 Hall, tilling machines, July 31 Hall, cartridges, May 17 Hamer, insulating wires, April 27 Hamcr, rugs and quilts, Oct. 4 Hamilton, propelling vessels, July 27 Hamilton, steam-vessels, Oct 4 Hamiltou, marine steam-engines, July 27 Hancock, insulating conductors, June 12 Hancock, workiug butter, Scot. 27 II anon, vegetable albumen, Dec 28 Hanscmann, npinning machines, Oct 4 Hanson, watch escapements, Feb. 17 Hanson, fire-arms, April 17 Hansor, coal-gaa, Nov. 13 Harding, combing fibres, June 5 Harding, fire- arm t*( Dec. 7 Hard on, weaving looms, Feb. 23 H anion, finishiug fabrics, Oct. 23 Hardy, cleaning boilers, April 17 Hare, pianofortes, Feb. 3 H arii c Id, windlasses. June 5 Harficld, capstans, Nov. ti Harland, covering decks, June 15 Harrington, steam -engines, July 20 Harrixm, i*piuning- machines, Dec. 14 HarriiM)ii, broiling meat. Feb. 3 Harrison, gas meters. July u* H.trri»on. npinniug-mules, March 13 Hart, hat*, Feh. li) Hartley, * team -engine*. March C Hartley, tfteaui-cUKiuca, July 3 Harvey, itafety valves, Aug. 7 Hanvy, fire arms. Oct 23 llarwood, reaping-machine*, July 27 HoM-luno. »priuglicd lwt turns, hept 27 Ha.-kard, looped fairies. Sept. 27 H.L-karil, lace machine, Jan. 4 Haiiirhton. slubhiug fibres, Dec. 28 Ham kin«, fly presses, Jan. 25 Ha* km*, wood caning. July 17 Ha»k inn, rail* a)*, July ti Hawkins, kinuki.-conaumers, June 1 Ha»k-»cy, drawinc curUiu*, Dec. 23 IU»k>l« v. pumps Fib. 17 Hawui. era \ at* and Mucks. Aug- 7 1 1 .i> cm. w bee I - 1 iixak . J u ly 13 Hayncf. mctaln from ore*. Auc. 17 II;i\»«km|, button machine*, ScjfL 19 Ha\»iK>d, threshing machine, IKx. %* Heal, »priug suaUrvsvca, May ■» Hi alky. thrcahiug machine*, Sept 27 Hra»..n, riming machinery, Jan. 26 H«-*)^i*.M-k. quadrant*. Feh M lit diet. val»c*. Oct 17 lhMlcy. moiiie |*o«cr, Itec 11 Hr iluian. dyeing colour. April JJv Hcindncks, railways, Feb. 14
Henry, artificial limbs, Aug. 24 Moose
Henry, suspending gaslights, Nor. IS Howu
Henry, producing gas, Aug. 1 4 Howar
Henry, motive power, Aug. 24 Howm
Henry, propelling ahipa, Oct. 23 Howu
Henry, looms, Dec. 28 Howdc
llenson, buffer-springs, Oct. IT Howel
Hepplestoo, fire-anna, Nov. 20 Howel
Herbert, oijchloride of lead, May 29 Howes
Hetherington, carding wool, Feb. 24 Hoyle,
Hewett, water-closets, Jan. 31 Huban
Hewitson, steam -ham in era, March 30 Hubar
Heywood, winding apparatus, Oct. 4 Hudan
Hickissoo, coin detector, Aug. 10 Hadaoi
Higgin, railway carriages, Nov. 9 Hudso
Higgin, cutting match splints. Feb. 21 Huggii
Higgins, spinning fibres, April 17 Hughe
Higgins, warping yarns, April 27 Hughe
Higgins, spinning apparatus, Nov. 13 Hughe
Higgins, anchors, April 20 Hughe
Hill, boica and cases, Feb. 21 Hughe.
Hill, puddling furnaces, April 20 Hughe
Hill, ateam-boilera, May 4 Hughe
Hill, goffering machines, Hay 8 Hughe
Hill, fire-escape, June 19 Hughe
Hill, wire screens, Sept. IS Hughe
Hillam, finishing fabrics, Oct. 17 Hughe
Hiliel, tearing fibres, July 3 Hughe
Hillel, treating fibres, Oct. 4 Hughei
Hills, purifying gas, Feb. 10 Hughes
Hind, potter;- and china, March 30 Hughei
Hinks, dress-fastening, Jan. 20 Hughei
Hinks, petrolinc lamps, Nov. 1 Hughei
Hinach, gunboats, June 15 Hughe:
Hinton, cupola furnaces, Aug. 24 Hutctt,
Hiron, paddlcwhecl, Dec. 14 Hulctt,
Hitchin, watch-caps, June 16 Hnlse,
Hobson. ornamenting glass, Feb. 7 1 i imp}
H,,mn>
PATENTS.
678
Ilifle, dieo-fuieniiigi, July 13 Imray, hammers ana anvils, Aug. 28 Ingham, motive power, May 17 ngham, calculator, July 20 ngram, wearing-looms, Sept. 27 Ingram, " camlet'' fabric, April 20 IrUm, railway turntables, March 23 Iron*, •hips' compasses, Aug. 14 seae, military overcoat*, July 10 sham, cork -cutting, Jan. 20 aborek, pipe for smoking, May 29 ack, surface condensers, Dec. 21 ack, marine steam-engines, April 13 ackson, window-sashes, Dec. 28 ackson, cooling water, Oct 17 ackson, fire-bars, Dec. 21 ackson, generating steam, Feb. 7 ackson, sewing-machines, June 29 ackaon, raising hoists, Feb. 14 ackson, metal pens, Jan. 20 acoby, twist lace, Nov. 6 acoby, bobbin-net, Oct. 4 acoby, bobbin-net machines, Dec. 21 acquclain, carbon, May 8 ames, washing-machine, Nov. 20 araeson, expanding fluids, July 3 anniard, indicating time, June 22 eandelize, horse a eye-flap, April 20 eficnton, steam-engine, Sept. 27 effreys, sun-blinds, July 24 enkins, metal bedsteads, July 27 ennings, pulp, July 27 ennings, singe plates, Sept 19 ennings, water-closets, Sept. 12 ensen, brewing worts, June 1 cune, fire- lights, July 27 ewsbury, screws, Oct. 25 ohnson, cocks and valves, Feb. 17 ohnson, watcher, April 17 ohnson, winding thread, April 17 ohnson, spiuuing up{>aratu*, Oct 23 ohnson, gathered fabric*, Oct. 4 ohnson, caloric engines. Oct. 4 ohnson, water-trap*, Feb. 17 ohnson, steam engine*, Nov. 6 ohnson, compressing fluids, June S ohnson, portable Instead*, Oct. 23 ohnson, churns, March 2 ohnson, pipe-couplings, Oct. 11 ohnson, bottle -stopper*, April 20 ohnson, cleaning rice, Aug. 7 ohnson, blowing engine*, June 1 ohnson, signal Tight. Feb. 7 ohnson, hydraulic premies, Dec. 7 ohnson, artificial fuel, April 'J7 ohnson, boots and hbocs, Sept. 27 ohnson, in o the power. June 1 ohnson. submarine insulators, March 14* ohnson. priuting colours, July 31 ohnson, furnaces, June 8 ohnson, printing typos, May 29
ohnson, purses, March S3 ohnson, shaping metals, Sept IS ohnson, inkstands, Jane 22 ohnson, metallic alloy, Oct 4 ohnson, treating fatty matter, March 1C ohnson, steeling metals, June 8 ohnson, forging metals, Dec 11 ohnson, sewing-machines, Aug. 10 ohnson, motive power, July 31 ohnson, fire-arms, April 17 ohnson, washing clothes, Dee. 4 ohnson, hydraulics, Dee. 11 ohnson, hot-air engines, July 6 ohnson, smoke-preventers, June 8 ohnson, washing tattles, Nov. 23 ohnson, railways, Dec. 11 ohnson, jacquard machines, Dec. 7 ohnson, colouring matter, Dec. 28 ones, watcr-closcU, Dec. 14 ones, ship-building, April 24 ones, safety apparatus, May 6 ones, sand-papers, Aug. 3 ones, wet gas-meters, Sept. 27 ones, lsying down paper, April 20 ones, weavers' looms, March 9 ones, coke, Feb. 17 ones, dyeing fabrics, April 17 ones, rivets and screw blanks, Oct 1 1 ones, fire-arms, Feb. 17j ones, cutting woven fabrics, Nov. 23 ordan, pills, Nov. 0 ordesou, life -boats, Dec. 28 ortlin, reaping machiucs, Dee. 7 ossa, sal-ammoniac, July 27 oule, condensing steam. March 6 owctt railway breaks. March 30 oyce, stocking machine, Dec. 18 uckes, tobacco pipes, Nov. 1 udkins, sewing- machines, Feb. 21 ullienne, bath belt Aug. 24 ullion, gelatine, March 0* ullion, making paper. May 15 utieau, platiug houses. Dcv. 1 1 u/ct, lubricators, April 24 Kane, folding bedfetcads, J uly 27 Kanig, starch, Feb. .8 Keates, printing cylinders. May 11 Keates, separating gas, Dec. 14 Kelly, wash-stand, May 22 Kemp, preserving wood, Nov. 6 Kempe. raising cloth Piles, March 13 Kendall, gas-burners, Dec. 14 Kennedy, shirts, April 17 Kent, fans, Jan. 17 Ken ward, tubular boilers, Feb, 7 Kerr, jacquard machines, July 31 Kershaw, weaving apparatus, Sep' ^ Kershaw, medico-electric ssr&vcs, , 4 Kershaw, imitating sooda, Dae. U King, spirit lamps, Jons 24 King, dUllUs* Jan. 2*
Krutiach, projectiles, Aug. S3 Krutzsch, mortara, Not. 13 Lacy, ploughing machines. Nor. 1 Laidlaw, Lata and eapa, May 8 Latin, spinning fibres, Sept. 2T
Lambert, shipa' apparatus., Jan. 20 Lambert, cutting cattle-food, March S3 Lambert, a team -valves, July SI Lambert, treating printed paper, Dec.18 Laming, alkalies, Mar IB Laming, purifying gases. Dee. SI Lancaster, whcUrtonen, Oct. 4 Lancaster, ordnance, Nov. 23 Lancelot t, metallic chains, Dec. 7 Landsbcrg, buttons and studs, July SI Lang, targets, Aug. 21 Langen, furnaces, July 21 Lang-ford, cooling liquids, Aug. 7 Langsteln, tobacco-pipes, Sept. 2T Lansdale, washing fabrics, Blay S Iisrmnth, wearing -looms, July 20 Latts, incombustible!, Deo. 21 Launay, illuminating, July 27 Launay, atop valve, July 31 Lauren*, chlorine, July 20 Lauth, 6tralj;h toning ban, Oct. IT Lautb, railway tails, March 13 Lauth, copper and brass tubes, March 2 Lavatcr, pneumatic discs, March 10 Larenas, motive power, April 13 Lavender, vinous distillation, Nov. 13 Lawson, cutting wheel cogs, stay II Lawson, spinning apparatus, Juno 3 Lea, iron and steel tube*, July 21 Leach, mixing wool, May 22 Leach, finishing fabrics, Aug. 10
Lewis, V Lewis, 11
Ligbtfoo Lilley, si Lillic, ci Lindley, Lister, l
Lister) d Lister, p
Lister] ci Livenno Lloyd, at Locwenal
Long, mi Lougmai Lougataf Lord, col
Losh, mo I/rrelidg
Loyscl, )(
Luis, mc
Luis, slit Luis, rail Luis, brii Luis, Ian' Luis, safe
t»Af fiNTfl.
675
k, em*Mg«a, Jtino B
MoKmllta, flre-atme, Tab. 98
-- ■ ■ - -T^hb.»
g tun, Dec. 4 — -a, Oct 11
£ iSffiiagWi, Nb*. at) MaeNah, marina itenm- engine*, Jane IB MaeWaiaght, generating tteem, May 23 McTatfc, eoUareaad cuflY Tab. 14j Madia, tempering ateel, May 11 Magga, tape i»d ewski, Feb. t Magnet, r^rtpirlhg yam. Much 36 ma&m&mnmtnf tameWalylB ataUlntdn, »«Mfcbri«t, Sept a Manbre, extracting " glucoae," Mat. SO Maneeaia, cartridge*, March 2 Marking, treating town wastes. Mot. 20
i, April » Manrieoe, oop- lobe*, Mar S3 " ■■■neten, April 24
Marchand, reflnlnf lamp oil, Much B Marriott, routing harrow, March 13
i,iw>fcOa. 4
Muen, treailiig-loome, Ort. 17 maaon, lice-dtemlng apparatna, ^or, B
s, railway erottlua, Oct. 28
r, drying (klirlo,Ia Bl - -- -' — ' — apparatna, T~ axlea, July : Matthewman, cutlery, Jo); 2T Matthew*, tprlngt, March 30 Maude, garden roller, Aug. 14 Maorer, propeller, July 13 Maiwell, hydraulic engines, Atrg. 10
.. , • *,JuTy]T
purple drr*, Mediock. limc-kllna, Feb. it
Mcrelcr. felling (ll.rea. May 29
' ■■!,;■' I' 1.--1-L i , 1J 1 L ,; ■-<-. ,l;,ll "1
Jlrvcr, rnpvliiL' uirii'liiii.v, Jul) If .Mi..-li.itl Sainton, kultlluj,-, N*.i.. M Mi'kl,-. .'irrlage-iiprirje*. Jon. 20* Mi.i-llctuti, joimug Idler, Feb. S4 Mi.ls;lov, spinning fibre*. Aog. 21 MilLM, M.'uiut' m»rlilii..> S. |>i IB !. . '..:. ... IB
MUnat, gytflnaallo apparatba, Ang. 28 Miruud, mnale-ttoola, Oct. IT Mitchell, wearing- loonw, Oct. ll Mitchell dodf-knobe, March if Mitchell, hoeing —china, Dae. 88 Mitchell, penholder. Kerch IT Mitchell, pulleye, Sept. IB Mittoo, cleaning aceda, Aog. T Mole, matehet* and enUaaaat, Oct. IT Mollady, hata and cape, Jan. 81 Molineux, pianoforte*, OcL 23 Monkn, uiiultig chenille, Sept 27 Monlanri, walking apparatus Feb. 24 Monument, railing earth. Hay 4 Moody, itacking eropa. April 18 Moore, wire-drawing die*, March IS Moore, ehlmney-datnper*, Jane 1 Mordan, black in g-bolUee, Dec 28 Morcwood, Coating metal*, March 30 Morgan, loom*, Dee. 4 Morgan, dri ting-belt*. Dec. 1 Morrclt, brick machine, Nor. 0 Morrell, moalding brickt. May IS MorrU, railway ralla, Dec. 28 Morria, voltaic batteriea, Aug. 24 Morrieon. eteam-hammer*, June 8 Morriaou, cap-front*, March 2
le dree, July 13
Mortimer, iplnnlng Bbrea. May 29 MomIct, fbuntaln-pcua, May 22 Motley, waahlng Bibrica, Jun "
Hclhuiih, e
* May 8
Melfille, marking fabric*. July 0 Mennona, etching on xinc, Dec. 2S Mennona, ttcant -boiler, Dec. 28 Mconona, marine ttcanvcngtnca.Sopt.27 Mennona, atripplng planta, April 13 Mennona, working abnaj dlace, Sept. 12 Nrnnona, joining leather, April IS Monnooa, fitting metallic Joint*. Sept 19
Mennona, railway break, Aug. 8 M.nnone. carriage break. Nor. 8 Mennona, motive power, June 22 Monnena. (entry bote*, Jan. 20 Mennona, motive power, June 28 Mennona, candle- wick, July 9 Mennona, lertlllalng compoond. Apt. 13
Moulc. precipitating rattale, Aug. 14 Mode, commode*. OcL 23 Moulton.tranafcrring machine*, 3ot. IB Mouaty, waahlng ore*, Sept. 3 Moy. Mcam -engine governor*, Jane 29 Muckluw. treating madder, Aug. 21 Muir, moll re power, Jan. 10 Mulkay, ladle.' dree* tpringa, Sot. tl Munn. cartridge-pouch. Dee. IB Munalow, clearing rollers Aog. 24 Muniter, billiard table* Jnne 28 Muntfc fertr-boata. Mat 1 Muni*. Hearing pier*, June 29 Muota, marine (team engine*, Jolt 31 Murray, pnetrrlng liquid*. Jm. 23 Miufrave, ■teaM-batlera. April 13 Mm.net iron and ateel. May 8 Miwhet, cam ateel. Nor. 20 Moahel, mctallk aDoy, Dee. T Muahet,camatea),Dae,ll
Newborn, tioldingshipa' chains, Aug. 11 Newton, weignii
Newcome, besting apparat.ua, Jan. 27 Newton, crushin
Newhouse, spinning-machines, Aug. ^3 Newton, sewing-
Newhouse, spinning fibres, Dec. IS Newton, printiu:
Newman, dress -fastenings, lice. 28 Newton, treatinj
Newton, applying steam, Nov. 0 Newton, sun-eha
Newtuu, treating oils, Out. 11 Newton, railway
New ton,. India- rubber, Jan. 1 Newton, tientini
Newton, metallic barometers, Oct. 23 Newton, time-ki
Newton, plotting instrument, Oct. 4 Newton, rotator;
dewton, i"»fc'"g coinb-tecth, April 27 Newton, earring
Newton, hat-bodies. May 11 Newton, preasin
Newton, haLr-bnisb.cu, Dec. 23 Newton, windov
Newton, knitting machinery, Dec. 28 Newton, euperh
Newton, weavin-glooms, Dec. 2tt Newton, yarns
Newton, roof-covering, Nov. 9 Newton, combo
Newton, ships, April s; Newton, safety
Newtuu, condensing steam, Jan. 27 Newton, rail-jo:
Newtuu, setting type, March 9 Newton, nippei
Newton, cording silks, June 22 Newton, induct
Nuwton, clarifying, Jan. 20 Newton, weavii
Newton, pressure gauges, June 29 Newton, liquid
Newton, machine belting, March 9 Newton, cuttin
Newton, spinning machines, Jon. 20 Newton, ladies
Nuwton, generating steam, Feb. 21 Newton, nail p
Newton, telegraphing, Jan. 4 Newton, files, ,
Newton, combs tor fibres, Jan. 20 Newton, drivii
Newton, spinning machinery, March 6 Newton, crysti
N'uwuin, weighing machines, Feb. 3 Newton, rotan
Nuwton, packing for pistons, Nov. 9 Newton, trcati
Nuwton, carriages, Jan. 4 Newton, hose-;
Newton, rail fastenings, June 22 Newton, plane
Newton, cutting dovetails, June 29 Newton, [ante
Nuwton, moulding caudles, June 22 Newton, gas-n
Newtuu, washing -machine, May 22 Newton, fiexil
Nuwton, iron pavements, Oct. 4 Newton, chun
Newton, disinfecting, April 3 Newton, venti
Newton, priming blocks, {let. 23 Newton, indii
PATENTS.
577
Newton, electric conductors, Oct. 23 Newton, *piuuing fibres, Oct. 23 Newtou, grind inj; uiilli. Mij 11 Newton, moulding brick*, April 20 Newton, look*, June s Newton, extracting paraffins, May 22 Newton, brickkilns, Juno 8 Newton, pianofortes, April (7 Nicbola, we*vlng-li»iiiiH, Oot 23 Nicholton, clod-crmhere, Jan, 4 Nicholson, making lav. Jan, 4. Nicholson. hor*erakc«, Fob. 21
Nicholson, fnTnir mirh1nta\ Nov. 0 Nkholaon, crieWbnll. Nw.lt Nimmo, ateel, Oct. 23 Nls**ii, prepailii),- paper. Nor. 10 Nivalis, *owluj[ -machines, April 13 Nixon, hypomipbalc of Wda, May 20 Niion, kitchen range*. 1'ib. 23 Niion, manglcj, July .' I Noonc, carding machines, Sept. 12 Normnndy, connecting pipes, Nov. D Normandy, steam cooking. March 23 North, vole* bv ballot. Aug. 17 Nortlieu, burning kilns, Oct. 4 Norton, grain-drying kilns, April 13 Noiworthy, pianofortes Oct. 25 Nutman, tew ing in whine*. Oct. II Nuttall. wwilng.loomi, March 27 Nutull. ipiunlm.' fibre*. Feb. 10 O'Connell, warning infants, April II lllllvicr, stoppering bottle*. Jm. 23 Ordith, railway fattening*, April 21 Osborne, coupling whirl™, April 20 Ollley, liquid indicator, Sept. 3 Owen, brick machine. Nor, 6 Owen, rocking- hones, July 21 l> i land, saccharine matter.. March 27 OalanJ. gunpowder, Dec. 21 P*e«y. rtin-bandle, Hay 4 Paddon, coke oven., Sept. 19 Page, step-ladder*, March 23 l'w(. knitting machinery. May 22 I'sillcron, distilling. Dec SI Palmer. printing in*, Mar. J3 MaVK propelling .hips. IW. 31 1'arntt, beading bolls. March =3 Parker, raising fluids, Oct- 1 7 Parker, aelf acting mule*, Oct. 4 Parke*, copper cylinder*, Feb. 7 Parkin, railway chair-wedge*. March 27 Parkinson, aeparating mctalr, Oct. 4 Parry, tewing- machine*. March Id Panona, railway iwitchea, Jan. 27 Parsona, • team -engines. Aug. 10 Panona, wroughl-iron, Sept. 27 Panona, wheel*, June 15 Panona, firearm*. Sept. 1 2 Paton, valves, April 13 Paton, mining apparatus, Aug. 10 Pat tenon, churning apparatus, Oct. 11
Vol. CII.
Patterson, traction engine*, Nov. 23 Pease, air-tight omiatom, Jan, 31 Pearson, hoota and abaca, Feb. 21 I'egg, battona for weaving, Aug. 21 Pent Klin, cutting wood, July 0 Pcppc, keeping titno, June 16 Pcepe, thin sheet-lead, May 29 Popj>e. weighing letter*, Dec, 14 Perkin, colooriDg mat ten, Apr. 37 Perkin, colouring matter*, Apr. 27 Pernor, wax mntchea, July 3 Pulric, washing wool, Jan. 31 Pctrie. dryiug warp*, Oct. 11 Pc trie, drying tibrca, May 17 Fetter, printing pre****, "Feb. 7 Peyton, metallic txdttaad*. Oct. 17 Philippe, bleaching fabric*. Oct. 17 Phillip*, weaving carpel*. Jin, IT Phillip*, manure. Jan. 20 riiillil*), generating beat. Mar. 21 IVkstono, lube* or pipe*. Doc. 21 Pile, preserving iron furnace*, Nov. t 1'in. preparing palm. Jan. ill Pinchbeck, gas-meter*. Ma* IS Pinehea .tamping paper, Nov. 2d Pitman, lubricator*. Feb. 7 Pitman, converting iron, Apr. 13
Pope, tiling stick* to broom", *«pt- > Peaaoa. aagar baking, Feb. 7 Puuer, talf-acUng mala*, July IT Potts, lubta, Jan* 5 Poupard, bUckleadiug iron, r.b II Powell, .team snips. May 1 Pntcr, ammunition belt*. S*pL I»
Preston, cutting file*, Not. 23
Price, locks, Pen. 10
Price, locks, July 20
Price, lock* and lalchee. Sep*. 1
Prince, pianoforte*, June 29
Prince, Wanna, Nov. 20
Pritebard. relieving pain. A;
pr 34
Prater lighting, J Pullan, fluid gnagea. Sept. 27 1'ullau. *teaan generators. Nov. 6 Purncll, heating bnildinsa, Aug. 10
Head, brooms. May 22
Read, waterproof fabrics, Nov. 8
Headman, roller blinili, June 1
Hcbour, motive paver, Aug. 14
Rcdfern, steam boilers, Aug. 21
Redwood, paper. Dec. 11
Heed, anehora, July 10
Reeves, fire-arms, Jans 0
Reid, hoops for casks. Hot. 1
Kcid, telegraph conductor*, Nov. S
licid, electric insulators, Doc. SB
_. . do, Boating platforms, Sept. IB Rcnshaw, wood -cutting machines, Sep . 1 9 Itcpclin, tanning, Sept. IB Reynolds, wire netting, Aug. 28 Rhodes, steam hammers, June 8 Richards, ordnance, Oct. 11 Richardson, sulphuric Mid, Mar. 13 Richardson, purifying gas, Dec 28 Richardson, gaits of iron, Hay 22 Richardson, salts of alumina, June 8 Richardson, coal gas, June 2t Richardson, organic matters, Sept. 12 Richardson, steering apparatus, Nov. 20 Richard, piled fabrics, Aug-. 21 Ridge, ageing printed fabrics, Oct. 20 Rigby, fire-arms, Oct. i Riley, brewing refrigerators, Feb. IT Rimington, boi hinges, Sept 27 Ritebic, book-keeping, Oct. 17
Rive
aving-lc
», Oct. t
Roberts, ratchet spanner, Sept. ST Roberts, punching machines, Oct. 4 Roberts, stoam- engines, Aug. 21 KolierUon, manure, March 10 Robertson, preparing worts, March 2
Rose, drums. Mi Ross, discharge Rosser, telegrap Itosser, boot and Rostaing, mixin Roth well, screw Rett, fixing cole Kentledge, pap* Rout ledge, stem Rowan, steam- e: Rowhotbam, inc Rowbotham, eoi Rowbotham, boi Rowland, sizing Rowland, tnaatu Kudkin, bottle Russell, lifting Russell, watch I Russell, tlmeke Ryder, atop- raj Sale, brick and Salisbury, chm Salisbury, met Salisbury, wea- Salmon, feedln Salmon, furnat Salmon, locom Samson, cult.lv Samuel, railwt Samuels, weav Samuelson, re Samuelaon, pi Samuelson, ha. Sanders, watc Sangman, car Saunders, tin Saycr, ruilwa;
PATENTS.
670
Sella, marioo aWtm-enginca, Miy 1 5 Senior, utilising waato licit. Dee. 4 Scrbat, clouting boiler*, Jane IB Seymour, telegraph Inanition, Fell. Ill Shand, bleaching coir fllire, Sept. S Shank*, mowing, Jan. 4 Shaw. Inaulating wire*. April 30 Shaw, Ttntilati.m. July IT Sliiw, (Ictich trap*, Jiilr 31 Shaw, loom*, Oct. 11 Sliiw. t ha oma trope*. Not. SO ~-lit>l'!rn, fire ansa, July SI ' Sbcdden, cartridge cue*, Aug. 10 Sheldon. ornamenting apura, Sept. ft Sheridan, aheel root*! caaka. Aug. 31 Shield*, jaequorad loom*. March 23 Shli-lda. JarcpicfTid I (hi mi, Mar 8 Shipley, knitting machinery , Sept 19 Short, HnMialTI*- rairka. Aug. 31 Short, brick* and tile.. June 1
sr loom*. Feb. 1 4
|
Bidebottom. weariag loom*, Aug. 14 Slctncna, telegraph conductor*. April 1 3 Slewcn*. telegraph cable*, July 24 |
|
Silrer, H«ulcT)ri««. May ir |
|
Mirer, rtffntatlngapeed, Aug. SI |
■jDnr, .iri.ul.llnsir.im., M 17
Silreatar, preaaare gauge, Dee. 11 Sim, meaanrtng liquid*, Jin. £0 Sim, measuring liquid*, Aug. SO Simoua, ihipt or reatelt, June IS Simpaon, hate, Feb. 34 Himpton, ftttty matter*, March IS Skcrtchley, moaak tiles, Feb. IT Skertcbley, evaporators. July 37 Skinner, gloating silk. Dec. 4 Slack, itam-(np», Feb. 31 Sleigh, motire paver engine, Dee. 14 SIocDm, projectile*. Feb. SI Slomin, betting apparatna, Feb. 10 Small, ttarcotcopen, March 6 Smith, healing water. Jan. 4 Smith, raising tunk reaeda. Sept 27 Smith, ornamenting clai", June IV Smith, piirifj-ini fluids Feb. 10 Smith, ap inning fibre*, June S3 Smith, chenille, Jolj 34 Smith, paving road*, Uet. 11 Smith, drea* hatening*. Bept IT Smith, wearing loom*. May 1 Smith, projectile*. March 10 Smith, umbrella knob*, Jaly 37 Smith, barrow*, Feb. 14 Smith, preparing tbte. Feb. 38 Smith, cbaiH. Kept. 13 Smith, baymukiag mecninea, Sept. ST
Smith, colouring mailer*, y _ Smith, OMHMIUM jewellery, Not. 1 Smith, cut-iron erection*, July 14 Sin i'li. preparing leather, Aug. 21 Smith, tirearraa, April 1! Smith, wood cutting maelil Smith, propeller*. Jan. 4
, bookbinding. Mar Soiumolcl, Bcitaem, Dec. T SoulhnU. boot* arid ihoea. April IS Southern, tobacco pipe*, Ang. 11 Soulier. alcMu buller*. Dec. 28 Spirkhall, deelgn* on cloth, Oct. 11 water g**-met«r». Sept. 8
BpttMt. routing barrow*, Kay S BoeBHi taking toondtng*, April 20 S pence, lacquer, July o S pence, tewing machine*. Sept. S Spcocc, paJlocka, Oct 38 Spencer, ibipa' attain engine*, July 18 Si-ii.-nr, tocomottrat. Nor. J8 BpUl <ln>ing beada, Jan. 31 Spillvr, drying clay, May 25 Spillcr, knarwka. Sept. S SpfUhury. trarjaparrnt fabric, June St Spralt, mrolring B re anna, Feb 91 Spry*, prlnttaw machine^ June 13 Sporriw, nhaniag metal*, July IT Stafford, applying healed air, Oct 33 Sulntborp, coaling candle* Sept IV HianrVfd. warming anparatu*. Mar. 3T SiMWet, hoot* mI Jtim. April 90 Sum* tbrnal laaapt, fUpt ST Stand, ornamenttnr (km*, Jnly 11 SU-iiaon.lion.Jnly 18 SicTcna, clean dredging boat. Mar. II Sicima. |>oI1>Uh (bora, April 34 S) ,, M .(.-■l,,t.»-. -.yi tjr SMTTua. ilenm milt. ■«*. IT xiciona. narigaUe baDowt *V»t tJ Sterna, Malarial for p*a*b*, >o». I Manna, armaria*/ punt*. Str. ff SUtcM lid)**' •»«*■, !»•». It BUawi, ptaaofiwta Mtaataa, »••»* 1 ftUdolph, wind iMlnmeott, '«*• I stlrlloar. tractk* MgtMa, Jew I Slocker, boot* and A.-t. Mtrri.37
Stone, cutting veneer*, Jan. 81 Stone, cutting lunutia, Dae. 4 Siraiford. fir* ban. Hot. M Strau**, tobamo-pipaa, Jnly 8 PP *
Tusker, straw- shake is, acpi. a Taylor, locomotives, Dec. £8 Taylor, wronght-iron axles, Jan. 27 Taylor, separating metals, Feb. 17 Tajlor, securing bolts, March 16 Taylor, printing apparatus, Aug. 23 Taylor, gaa from oil, Sept. 19 Taylor, weaving-looms, Oct. a Taylor, portable greenhouse, Oct. * Teall, treating fatty matters, Jane 0 Tcbbutt, elastic fabrics, April 17 Teil, umbrellas and parasols. May 29 Teissere, stamping press, Aug. 17 Tcmpleton, chenille, Jan. 17 Tenting, railway axles, April 13 Tenting, railway buffers, April 13 Tenwick, street gutters. May 8 Tenwick, steering apparatus, June 6 Toulon, chimney tops, Nor. 10 Thorn, weaving-looms, April 13 Thomas, sewing-machines, Oct. i Thompson, printing telegraph, Feb. 3 Thompson, rigging apparatus, Oct. 11 Thompson, boat-building, Nov- 9 Thomson, carpets and rugs, Jan. 4 T homson, agricultural i mp 1 e m en t, J u ne 8 Thonet, wooden wheels, Oct. 25 Thorn, domestic signals, Oct 23 Thomthwaite, treating ores, July 6 Thorold, condensing steam, April 13 Threlfall, self-acting mules, Aug. 10 Tildcsley, locks and latches, Jan, 31 Tillie, sewing machines, April 13 Timmins, raising weights, Jul; 13 Tivells, embroidering fabrics, April 13 Todd, cleaning grain, Jan. 4 Tomey, insulating wires, May 25 Tooth, making iron, Jan. 31
Vandeessteele, Vaodenburgh, Vangeueberg, a Varillat, water Varley, steam-i Varicy, electric Vasserot, steam Vaughan, hoes, Veal, currycom Vergnes, galva
Verei
i, fire
Vicars, bread -i Vlckera, openi] Videgrain, arii Vidie, motive ] Viette, engrari Vigurs, treatin Vivier, keylea Vonwiller, mo Wain, ateam-c Wainwright, i Waite, chemic Walcott, gene Walker, smo« Walker, pack Walker, clean Walker, mini Walker, wate Walker, juice Walker, wate Waller, solidi Wall is, prcpt Walls, steam Walsh, veget Walton, oraa
Walton, oils Walton, fire- Walworth, si
PATENTS.
681
Watte, safety ralTe, Webb, cartridge* for blasting, Oct 11 Webb, breakwaters, Oct. 23 Webster, carriage springs, Mar. !7 Week*, umbrellas and parasols, Apr. 20 Weems, strain boils rs.Sept. 27
Weild, yarn- winding machi Weir,rcgulating*teain-engines,Ang. 24 Welch, portable railway*, June 8 Wemyas, ventilator*, Apr. 24 Wenham, steam-engines. Hay 22 Wenham, steam-engines, Dec. 11 West, (team power, June 22 Wert, furnaces, Jnlj o West, compasses, Oct. 23 Weat, roller* of castors, Dec 4 Wcetly, combing flax, Jan. 27 W estmoreland ,se w i ng-m echi ncs, A ug. 2 4 Weston, baking ovens, Dec. 11 West wood, securing corks, Apr. 20 Wcstwood, armour plates, Dec. 4 Wetter, fermented liquors. May 15 Wheat Icy, grinding strickle, (Jet. 11 Wheatstonc, harmonium*, Fob. 17 Whigbt, winnowing, July 31 Whigbt, sewing machines, Aug. 3 Wbilby, nreerma, Apr. 24 White, shirt*. Jan. 4 White, safely carriages, Feb. 7 White, regulating mis, Mar. -'3 While, spinning frames, Apr. 3 White, leather hands. May 4 Whit*, moulding candle*, July 27 While, applying animal matter, Sept 12 White, lifting loads. l)L-t. 4 White, tobano-i'iuting machi nee, Oct. 25 Whitehall, bonnet -fronts, Jan. '20 W h i tc h ouse, m c la 1 1 ic door k nobs, 9ep. 1 2 Whiu-siuill], nc.i.i'iiii'-looms, Oct. 25 Whittle, making nails. Mav 15 Whit worth, fire-arms, Feb 24 Whilworth, projectiles, June 29 Whytoek. coating sheet metal. Mar. 13 Widncll, cut pile fabrics, June 29
Widnell, treating vara*, Dee. 4 Wildamilh, extracting fibres, No*. « Wilkes, telegraph wire, Nor. 1 Wilking, ridge treaties. Hay 11 Wilkin*, boota and shoes, Oct. 17 Willana, soda, July 27 Will cock, mincing meat, June Id Willcock, steam fire-engines. Mar 17 Williams, ventilators, Aug. 24 Williamson, steam boilers, Jan. 17 Williamson, poppy extracts, Mar. 80 Williamson, weaving looms, Sept. IS Willis, umbrella* and parasols, June 29 Willi*, winding yarn, Nov. 28 Wilson, folding textile fabrics, Dee. 28 Wilson, bricks and tiles, Feb. 14 Wilson, making chenille, Apr. 24 Wilson, wove fabrics. May 22 Wilson, fire-arms, June 5 Wilson, fire-anna, June 5 Wilson, cranked axles, June 15 Wilaon, treating fatty mailers, Jane 19 Wilson, cleaning guns, July 7 Wilson, sewing-machines, Aug. 23 Wilson, floor sweepers, Sept. 12 Wilson, fire-arms, Sept- 27 Wilson, projectiles. Oct. 4 Wilson, bobbins, Oet i Wilson, railway carriages, Nov. G Wimball, bricks and tiles, Dec. 11 Winter, weighing-machine, Mar. 13 Wood, fibroua fabrics, May 22 Woodcock, stoves, Aug. 10 Woraley, silver and lead, June 20 Woman), aawing machinery. Mar. 6 Wright, carriages, Mar. 10 Wright, raising weights. Mar. SO ' Wright, safety apparatus, Aug. 24 Wright, treating wood, Sept. 12;
anlng apparatus, Not lya, Feb. 24
Wrigley, railways, F Yatea, generating gases. July 13 Yates, shoe spikes, Dec. 7 Yockney, refining oils, Feb. 14 Young, composing types, Aug. 24 Young, cleaning apparatus Nov. 8
THE MARRIAGE OF TIRZAH A
(From Lord Macavlatf't MU
It ii the dead of night : Yet more than noonday 1:
Beams far and wide from m Unnumbered harp* are ti Unnumbered lamps are t
In the great city of the fou By the brazen castle's m The sentry hums a ltveli The ship-boy ohaunts a i From the galleys in the 1 Shout, ana laugh, and hi Sound from mart and squ From the breezy laurel s From the granite colonnt From the golden statue's From the stately market- Where, upreared by capti The great Tower of Trio AH its pillars In a blaze With the many-coloured : Which lanthorna of ten t Shed on ten thousand pa But closest is the thro And loudest is the son In that sweet garden by The abyss of myrtle b< The wilderness of flow
POETRY. f.
Where, amidst flowers of ever; scent and hue, Rich orange trees, and palms, and giant cedars grew.
In the mansion's public court
All is revel, song, and sport ; For there, till morn shall tint the east, Menials and guards prolong the feast. The boards with painted vessels shine ; The marble cisterns foam with wine. A hundred dancing girls are there With zoneless waists and streaming hair ; And countless eyes with ardour gaze.
And countless hands the measure beat, As mix and part in amorous maze
Those floating arms and bounding feet. But none of all the race of Gain,
Save those whom he haih deigned to grace With yellow robe and sapphire chain,
May pass beyond that outer space.
For now within the painted hall
The Firstborn keeps high festival. Before the glittering valves all night
Their poat the chosen captains hold. Above tho portal's stately height
The legend flames in lamps of gold :
" In life united and in death May Tirzah and Ahirad be,
The bravest he of all the sons of Setb, Of all the bouse of Gain the loveliest she.
Through all the climates of the earth This night is given to festal mirth. The long-continued war la ended ; The long-divided lines are blended. Ahirad'e bow shall now no more Make Tat the wolves with kindred gore. Tho vultures shall expert in vain Their banquet from the sword of Cain. Without a guard the herds and flocks Along the frontier moors and rocks,
From eve to morn may mam ; Nor shriek, nor shoot, nor reddened sky, Shall warn the startled hind to fly
From his beloved home. Nor to the pier shall burghers crowd
With strsining necks and faces pair And think that in each flitting Houd
They see a hostile sail. The peasant without fear shall gold* Down smooth canal or river wicU
From north and south, froi Crowd to the painted hall to The pomp of that atoning With widening eyes and labo Stand the fair-haired sons of As bursts upon their dazzled The endless avenue of light, The bowers of tulip, rose, an The thousand cressets fed wi The ail ken rests, the boards With amber, gold, and ivory, The crystal founts, whence ej The richest nines o'er beds o The walls where blaze in livi The king's three hundred vie The heralds point the fitting To every guest in order meet And place the highest in deg Nearest the imperial canopy. Beneath its broad and gorget With naked swords and shiel
Stood the seven princes of the Upon an ermine carpet lay Two tiger cubs in furious pi a
Beneath the emerald throne wl
Over that ample forehead whi
The thousandth year retur
Still, on its commanding heic
With a fierce and blood-red I
The fiery token burnetii.
POETRY.
Blazing in pearls and diamonds' sheen,
Tirzah, the young Ahirad's bride, Of humankind the destined queen,
Situ by her great forefather's side. The jetty curie, the forehead high,
The swan-like neck, the eagle face, The glowing cheek, the rich dark eye,
Proclaim her of tbe elder race. With flowing locks of auburn hue And features smooth, and eye of blue,
Timid in love as bravo in arms, The gentle heir of Seth askance Snatches a bashful, ardent glance
At her majestic charms ; Blest when across that brow high musing flashes
A deeper tint of rose, Thrice blessed when from beneath the silken laahes
Of her proud eye she throws The smile of blended fondness and disdain Which marks tbe daughters of the house of Cain.
All hearts are light around the hall Save his who is the lord of all. The painted roofs, the attendant train, The lights, the banquet, all are Tain. Ho sees them not. His fancy strays To other scenes and other days. A cot by a lone forest's edgo,
A fountain murmuring through the trees, A garden with a wild flower hedge,
Whence sounds the music of tbe bees. A little flock of sheep at rest Upon a mountain's swarthy breast. On his rude spado he seems to lean
Beside the well -remembered stone, Rejoicing o'er the promise green
Of the first harvest man bath sown.
Ho sees his mother's tears ;
His father's voice he beam. Kind as when first it praised his youthful skill.
And soon a seraph-child,
In boyish rapture wild, With a Bant atwA ooawa branding from tho bill.
In I
I err I r.i' ■
None aught ditcarv M agony But they who bad (ram boery nail
And read his stem dark faro with deeper skill. Could tracw strange meaning* in thai lip of pride,
Which for one moment quivered and waa still
dull.
•tide, ^T
HOI. #
There paused perforce that nc
For from all the joyous thronj
Burst forth a rapturous shout
Singer's voice and trumpet "s i
Thrice that stormy clamour fi
Thrioe rose again with might
The last and loudest roar of i
Had died along the painted *
The crowd was hashed ; the i
Prepared to strike the chords
When on each ear distinctly i
A low and wild and wailing r.
It moans again. In mute an
Menials, and guests, and har]
They look above, beneath, an
No shape doth own that mom
It comes not from the tanefdl q
It comes not from the feastini
There is no tone of earthly lyre
So soft, so sad, so full of teat
Then a strange horror came on ;
Who sate at that high festml.
The far-famed harp, the harp of
Dropped from Jabal's trembling
Frantic with dismay, the bride
Clung to her Ahirad's aide.
And the corpse-like hue of dret
Ahirad's haughty face o'erspreat
Yet not even in that agony of a
Did the young leader of the :
From Tinmh** nitiiddnrinir ffrasi
POETRY.
From sky, or earth, or hell, bath power Since that unutterable hour.
Ho rose to Bpcak, but paused, and listening stood, Not daunted, but in Bad and curious mood.
With knitted Iron, and searching eye of fire. A deathlike silence sank oti all around. And through tiie boundless space was heard no sound,
Save the soft tones of that mysterious lyre.
At first the number* flow. Louder, deeper, quicker, still
Into one fierce peal they swell. And the echoing palace fill
With a strange funereal yell. A voice comes forth. But what, or where ? On the earth, or in the air? Like the midnight winds that blow Round a loue cottage in the snow, With howling swell and sighing fall. It wails along the trophied half. In snch a wild and dreary moan
The watches of the Seraphim
Poured out all night their pleiutite hymn Before the eternal throne. Then, when from mauj a heavenly eye
Drops as of earthly pity fell For her who had aspired too high.
For him who loved too well. When, stunned by grief, the gentle pair From (he nuptial garden fair, Linked in a sorrowful caress. Strayed through the untrodden wilderness ;
And close behind their footsteps came
The desolating sword of flame,
And drooped the cedared alley's pride.
And fountains shrank, and roses died.
" Rejoice, oh Son of God, rejoice,"
Sang that melancholy voice, " Rejoice, the maid is fair to see; The bower is decked for her and thee ; The ivory temps around it throw A soft sud pure and mellow glow. Where'er the chaatened lustre falls On roof or conks, flee* or walls. Worn of pink eeJ ruse sopor Sorb words as lots dVhtfbu to hear The breath of myrrh, tk» lute's sab •wood. Heat through the raooulighi geJleheo roand
I
w
Kouna me lua guww - -.
Pauses awhile the voice of sacred song From all the angelic ranks goes forth & g ' How long, 0 Lord, how long ?' The still small voice makes answer, ' Wait Oh sons of glory, what the end shall be.'
" Bat, in the outer darkness of the place Where God hath shown his power without hit Is laughter and the sound of glad acclaim, Loud as when, on wings of fire. Fulfilled of his malign desire. From Paradise the conquering serpent cam The giant ruler of the morning star From off bis fiery bed Lifts high his stately head, Which Michael's sword hath marked with mi At his voice the pit of hell Answers with a joyous yell. And flings her dusky portals wide For the bridegroom and the bride.
" But londer still shall be the din In the halls of Death and Sin, When the full measure runneth o'er, When mercy can endure no more. When he who vainly proffers grace, Comes in his fury to deface
The fair creation of his hand ; When from the heaven streams down t For forty days the sheeted rain ; And from bis ancient barriers free,
POETRY.
Urge the dromedary's speed ;
Spur to death the reeling steed ;
It perchance ye yet may gain
The mountains that o'erhaug the plain.
" Oh thou haughty land of Mod, Hear the sentence of tliy God. Thou hast said ' Of all the hills Whence, after autumn rains, the rills
In silver trickle dowu, The fairest is that mountain white Which intercepts the morning light
From Cain's imperial town. On its first and gentlest swell Are pleasant balls where nobles dwell ; And marble porticoes are seen Peeping through terraced gardens green. Above are olives, palms, and vines ; And higher yet the dark blue pines ; And highest on the summit shines
The crest of everlasting ice. Here let the God of Abel own That human art linth wonders shown
Beyond his boasted paradise.'
" Therefore on that proud n
Thy few surviving sons and daughters Shall see their latest sun go down
Upon a boundless waste of waters. None salutes aud none replies ;
None heaves a groan or breathes a prayer; They crouch on earth with tearless eyes,
And clenched hands, and bristling hair. The rain pours on : no star illumes
The blackness of the roaring sky, And each successive billow booms
Nighcr still and still more nigh. And now upon the bowling blast The wreaths of spray come thick and fast ; And a great billow by the tempest curled
Falls with a thundering crash ; and all is o'er. And what is left of all this glorious world ?
A sky without a beam, a sea without a shore.
" Oh ihou fair land, where from their starry home Cherub and seraph oft delight to roam. Thou city of the thousand towers.
Thou palace of the golden stairs. Ye gardens of perennial flowers,
Ye moated gates, ye breezy squares;
Ye grassy meads wnera, dwu lu» The shepherd penB bis fold ;
Ye purple moors on which the set Leaves a rich fringe of gold ;
Ye wintry deserts where the larch
Ye mountains on whose everlastin No human foot hath trod ; Many a fathom shall ye sleep Beneath the grey and endless ti
In the great day of the revenge o
(By the late Thomas Hood. From " Fair; the Riling Generatic
A little fairy comes at night, Her eyes are blue, her hair i
With silver spots upon her win And from the moon she flat!
She has a little silver wand, And when a good child goes
She waves her wand from right And makes a circle round iti
And then it dreams of pleasani
Of fountains filled with fair]
And trees that bear delicious fi
POETRY.
But when a bod child goes to bed. From left to right she weaves her rings.
And then it dreams all through the night Of only ugly, horrid things !
Then lions come with glaring eyes. And tigers growl,— a dreadful noise ;
And ogres draw their cruel knives, To shed the blood of girls and boys.
Then stormy waves rush on to drown. And raging flames come scorching round,
Fierce dragons hover in the air.
And serpents crawl along the ground.
Then wicked children wake and weep, And wish the long black gloom away ;
But good ones love the dark, and hod The night as pleasant as the day.
601
DUNDONALD IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. (From Punch.)
Ashes to Ashes 1 Lay the hero down Within the gray old Abbey's glorious shade. In our Walballa ne'er was worthier laid
Since martyr first won palm, or victor crown.
Tis well the State he served no farthing pays To grace with pomp and honour all too late His grave, whom, living. Statesmen dogged with hale.
Denying justice, and withholding praise.
Let England hide her face aliove his tomb. As much for shame as sorrow. Let her think Upon the bitter cup he had to drink —
Heroic soul, branded with felon's doom.
A Sea-King, whose fit place had been by Blake Or our owu Nelson, had he been sat free To follow glory's quest upon the sea.
Leading the conquered navit
A Captain, whom it bad beeit ours to ohm From conquest on to conquest, bad oar But set its wisest worthiest in comi
Not such as hated all lha good men.
A
'Gainst fraud set high, and evitU
We left him, with bound iirma, to i Given to weak hands; left him, To see rogues traffic, and fools n
Where Strength should have been j
Left him to cry aloud, without supj Against the creeping things that Our wooden walls, and boast as t
The base supporters of a baser Got
The crawling worms that in corrup And on corruption batten, till at Mistaken honour the proud victi
Out to their spite, to writhe, and p
Under their stings and slime ; and For years, tin hops into heart-sic And he sought other seas and se
And his bright sword in alien laure
Nor even so found gratitude, but ci Back to his England, bankrupt, To eat his heart, through weary
And shape his strength to bearing <
Till, slow but sure, drew on a bette And statesmen owned the check And, at the last, light pierced th
POETRY.
The infamy is theirs, whose evil deed Is past undoing ; yet not guiltless we, Who, penniless that brave old man could
Restored to honour, but denied its meed.
A Belisarius, old and sad and poor,
To our shame, not to hi$ — so he lived on, Till man's allotted fourscore years were gone.
And scarcely then had leave to 'stablish sure
Proofs of his innocence, and their shame.
That had so wronged him ; and, this done, came death. To seal the assurance of his dying breath.
And wipe the last faint tarnish from his name.
At Inst his fame stands fair, and full of years He seeks that judgment which his wrongers all Have sought before him — and above his pall
His flag, replaced at length, waves with his peers.
He did not live to see it, but he knew
His country with one voice had set it high ; And knowing this ho was content to die.
And leave to gracious Heaven what might
693
Ashes to ashes ! Lay the hero down. No nobler heart e'er knew the hitter lot To be misjudged, maligned, accused, forgot-
Twine martyrs palm among his victors crown.
Vol. CI I.
N.B. The figures betweeji [ ]
Accidents. — Frightful accident it Law- Ace
renca, U. B. ; fail of a factory, and a
subsequent fire, several hundred live* fa
lost, 7 ; explosion of Darby's fire- pi
work manufactory, two peraons killed, tl
8 ; fatal accident. Captain Harrison k
of the Great Eatttm and other*, ti
drowned, 10 ; fatal coal-mine ac- 1
eident near Wolverhampton, 19 ; li
fatal boiler explosions at Mid- ri
dlewich and Edinburgh, 13; dread- It
ful furnace accident at the Dun- Act
dyvau Iron Work a, four persons G
killed, 30; fall of Thurston church P
tower, 37 , fatal boat accidents, 40 ; p
boiler accident at Seaton Burn col- p
liery, 4<J ; singular accident at Falcon Act
Dock, 47 , fatal boiler explosions at b
Airdric, 67; fatal boat accident on a
the Lea, 60; fall of building* in ti
Lombard-atreet, 65; fatal accident it
to Artillery Volunteer* at Dover, 136 ; ri
fall of a ropery at Pendleton, 138; ['.
fatal accidents to English tourists in tl the Alps, 141 ; powder works at Oban
bio*
; fatal
panic at Stockport, six Uvea lost, 159 ; explosion on board the steamship Twining, thirteen lives lost, 170; fatal gunpowder explosion at Nor- wich, 181.
Railway Accidents :— Several in January, 4 ; at the Tottenham station of the Eastern Counties Railway, six persons killed, many wounded, 21;
INDEX.
Chin*— continued. abortive attempts at negotiation, [2681; occupation of Tien-tain, [264]; duplicity of the Ghineee Commis- sioners, [2641 ; allied forces advance from Tien-tsm ; treacherous conduct of the Tartar General ; engagement with the enemy at Tang-chow, [265] ; atliure of Messrs. Parkes, Loch, Bra- bason, Anderson, and others, by the Chinese ; fate of the prisoners, [267] ; advance upon Pekin ; capture and plunder of the Emperor's summer palace, [268] ; surrender of Pekin to the allies, [269] ; destruction of the summer palace, [270]; convention with the Chinese Government, and ratification of the Treaty of Tien-tain, [270].
Notification of the Treaty of peace in the City, 200.
Colliery Accidents.— See Accidents.
Con*, Hat, Straw, Cloves, and Bct- oieb's Meat, Average prices of, dur- ing the year, 387.
Diaths, I860.— Abcrcrombte. It-col. 876; Aberdeen, carl of, 376; Addi- son, dr. T. 383 ; Alan, It. col. 8S3 ; Alba snd Berwick, duchess 8. 388; Alexander, dr. 8S3; Allen, miss K. 884 ; Alleync. lad v. 3S4; Amos, prof. A. 884 ; Amsinck. col. 384 ; Ander- son, lieut. 384 ; Anderson, col. 885 ; Andrews, J. 855 ; Arhuthnott, visct. 385 ; Annitage, J. 3*5 ; Arndt. K. M. 385; Aubrey, C. W. 3S6; Austin, gen. 3*6.
Backhouse, E. 3S6 ; Bacon. B. 886 ; Baden, grand duchess of. 387 ; Bailey. nr. 8*6; Bsincs, rt. lion. M. T. 386; Bsker, K. 3*6 ; Balcombe. rare. K.
^886; Balfour. <». C. 886 ; Bamfbrd, T.B. 386 ; Ballard, R. O. 3*6 : Bank*. K. O. 3*6 ; Barlisr, L. J. 3*6 ; Bsrne*, P. K. 386; Barrv, sir C. 3*6; Bath, srehd. of, 443 ; Bavlev, W. B. 3S7 ; He S. 3*7 ; Bethel v. I. 3**: Bell. T. 8^ : Bell. W. B. 3»* ; Bell. T. 38* ; Bentlev, J. 38*; Berealbnl, lady <). 38* ; lWwiek and All*. duehe* of. 388: Binrni. mrs. E. 388; Blaekall, J. 388; Blsckwood, mrs. & 388 ; Blake, rev. dr. 388 ; Blake, sir Y. 3HM; Booker Blakcmore. mrs. J. A. 3SH; Blorolield. F. :i*« ; Blundell, msj ffen. 3«»* : Blunt. E. W. Sis ; Boilcan. maj.frcn. 3*8; Bollsnd, lady, 8ih; Bolton, maj.gen. 3**; Bona- parte, pri tire Jerome. 3M ; Boston, lady. 3*3 ; Boston. II 3. 8*3 ; Boelt- bee, J. M. 899 ; Boalton. mrs. C. 3*3 ;
Deaths— tontin tied. Bouverie, C. P. 898 ; Bowlby, T. W. 393 ; Bowlby, rev. JL 893 ; Bowyer, sir G. 393; Brebaxoa, oapt. 893; Bradahaw, P. G. 394; Brandling, lieot.-col. 394 ; Bridgeman, rear-adm. 894 ; Brisbane, gen. sir T. M . 894 ; Broke, lieuw-gen. 395; Bromley, J. W. 896; De Brouekere, C. 896; • Brough. maj.-gen. 396; Brougk, R. B. 896; Broughton, B. B. 896; Broughton, mrs. J. 896 ; Brown, H. 396; Browne, adm. 896; Browne, hon. J. L. 896; Browne, oat 896; Brack, baron von, 396 ; Bochaanan, J. 897 ; Bulst, dr. 897 ; Boiler, maj.-
Ssn. 397 ; Banbury, sir H. ft. 897 ; unn, A. 893; De Bonsen, baton, 398 ; Butt, G. M. 399 ; Botterworth, H. 400; Byng, adm. 401; Byron, lady Noel, 401.
Cameron, lieut col. 401 ; Camp- bell, msj.-gen. 401 ; Campbell, mrs. J. U. 401 ; Canning, rev. W. 401 ; Oarew, J. P. 401 ; Carfrae, gen. 401 ; Carnegie, lady, 401 ; Carnegie, W. F. L. 401; Carpenter, msj.-gsn. 402; Carre, adm. 402; Carrington, F. A. 402; Carroll, alderm. sir O 402; Cartwright, mrs. M. A. 402; Oatns- Wilson, rev. £. 4o2 ; Cafe*, mm. A. G. 402 ; Cawdor, earl. 4u2 ; Chalmers, lieuL-gen. *ir W. 402; Chalom, A. K. 4*»2; Chapman, rev. W. R. 403; Chapman, miss 8. A. 408; Cbcrmside, sir R A. 408; Che- shire, rev. W. J. 408; Cfcetwyad, lady. 403 \ CaUders, mrs. 8. A. 4U3 ; Cleaver, rev. W. 408 ; Clifton. lady, 403 : Cobbold, 4. 408 ; Coch- rane. Mrs. M. A. 403 ; Colchester. M. 4o3; Golenso. J. W. 404; CeivUe, comm. 4o4 : 1'ona.comm 404 ; Osode, maj. 404 ; t'oombes. K. 404 ; Cooper, W D. C. 404 ; Coote. C. T. 404 ; Cofieland. mra S. 404 ; Cotton, raa Sir W. 404; Cotton, 4. 404; dot- trel. G. A. 404 : Cawlsan. W. 604 ; Cowley, dow. lady, 405; Cewhsmrt,
inL II. 405; Craven, daw. ansa of.
405 ; Crave*. P. 405 ; Creagk snaj.
gen. Mr M. 405; CrssghlM, 4«<5; Creaswell, mrs. K. 40* «>sty, rev. U. 405; Cmsnptem, J. 106: Crosbie, Mr W. I 406 ; Crow, ■ eol. 406; Callus*, S. H. aa«t berlege, UewL-eoi 407 1 407 ; Csartoryaki ptinee ^ Dalhonnia, mnrf. if "*7 ; W. 410; TJeMson, U-
Dnry, mJsn K. 410 ;
QQ %
INDEX.
Death* — continued. 464 ; Kemp, mrs. P. M. 464 ; Keogh, T. 464 ; Kerrison, lady, 464 ; Kings- ley, rev. C. 464 ; KingBley, lieut-col.
464 ; Kingston, mm. H. A. 464 ; Kinnaird, C. F. 464 ; Kinnersley, mns. H. 464 ; Knollis, rev. J. 464 ; Knox, hon. mrs. V. 464 ; Kynaston, capt 464.
Laingp rev. D. 464 ; Lamb, sir C. M. 464 ; Iiambcrt, comm. 464 ; Landellx, £. 464 ; Langford, dow. lady, 466 ; Langton, K. U. 466 ; La- pidge, adm. 466 ; lAscelles, col.
465 ; Lauderdale, carl of, 465 ; Lau- rie, lient-col. 455 ; De Lauriston, ffen. marq. of, 455 ; Law, maj.-gen.
455 ; Leake, col. W. Martin. 455 ; Lcdgard, R. 455 ; Lee. mrs M. 455 ; Lcgard, sir T. D. 456 ; I^eigh, dow. lady, 466 : Leigh, F. G. 456 ; I*i*h- ton. gen. sir D. 456 ; Lcven and Mel- ville, carl of, 462 ; Light foot, mrs. E. A. 456 ; Li Hie, lady, 456 ; Lime- rick, archd. of. 462 ; Lind, J. P.
466 ; Lindsay, lieut-col 456 ; Lips- comb, mrs. M. II. 456 ; Lizars, prof. 456 ; Lloyd, adm. 456 ; Ix>cke, J.
456 ; Lockyer. maj. -pen. 45M ; Ix>n- deiiborough, lonl, 459 ; Longford, earl of, 459 ; 1-Kweby, J. 459 ; Lowe, miaa A. K. 459 ; Lyiron. ecu. hon. K. P. 459 ; Lvneh, capt. 459.
Mahbott, W. <\ 460 ; Mabcrlev, rev. F. If. 460 ; Macdonald, lieut. col. 460 -. Macdonald, lady, 46<> ; Mardoiiald, i.ir*. J. 46o : Mardunald. mr«. F. M. 46" ; Mac !>o well. col.
460 ; Mackenzie, lady. 4»»o ; Mac- kenzie, grn. i«»o : Maconochie, capt. ■1»I0; Maci>htTM»n. maj. 46 > ; Mc- rhrintic, T. V. 461 ; McDonnell, nir K. 4dl ; MfMahou. «:en Hir T. 461 ; MrDonald. II 401 ; Mairrath. A. N.
461 ; Mainwarinir, hir II. M. 461 ; Mainwariiii?. niaj. 4 til : Mansfield. rutfin. dow. of. 4<»1 : Manvern, cntiu. 46 1 ; Mauvetv, earl. 461 : Marriott iui*« S. l\ 462 ; Marriott, S. 462 ; Mawh, *ir II. 462 : Marshall. S. 462 ; Marshall. F. 462: Martin, (I. 462; Martin. P. J. 4**2 ; Martin, mint M. 462 ; Martincau. P. 462 ; Maude. A. I«2 ; Maude, hou and rev. J. t\ 462 ; Mauiwll. hou. mn C. E. 4«-2 ; Maun^H. v,n. W. W. 4«*»2 : Maxwell, nr 1) 4».J : Maxwell, ladr. 462 ; May. C 4-2 : Mayer. J. 1*2 : Meek lonburg Sirrliti. grand duke of. 462 ; Mee, mrs. P. 462; Melville, air J. 163; Merest, J E. 463; M«xbo
Deaths continued. rough, earl of, 468 ; Mlddtetoa, sit W. F. 46S ; Mill, rev. air J. R 461 ; Miller, J. 463 ; Miller, lady, 461 ; Mills, miss ft. B. 463 ; Milmaa, eapt 468; Mitchell, coL 468; Mora, adm. 463; Moor, maj. -gas. 468; Moore, maj. 468; Moore, mm E. 468 ; Mooraom, capt 468 ; Mooraom, mrs. J. 464 ; Moriey, A. 464 ; Morris, J. 464; Morrison, A. 464; Motrin, adm. 464; Moore, mrs. K. 464; Mountain, J. K. 464 ; Mowbray, lady, 464 ; Moylc, J. Q. 464 ; Muady, saal- gen. 464 ; Murchiaon, mis* E. 464 ; Mure, coL 464; Morphy, ear}. 464; Murray, gen. hon. air II. 464 ; Murray, mrs. F. 465 ; Murray, adm. 465 ; Mar- ray, lady, 465 ; Murray, mis* M. 466 ; Murray, lieut-col. sir A. 466 ; Marray, rt. hon. ladv, 465; Murrav, rev. T. B. 465; Mus'toxldi, air A. 465; My. norm H. K. 466.
Napier, lieut .-gen. air W. F. P. 465 ; Napier, lady C. A. 470 ; Napier, adm. sir C. 470 ; Napier, lady M. 475 ; Xarrien, J. 475 ; Needham, lady, 475 ; Nelthorpe, H. 476 ; Nevill, maj. 475; Nicholson, T. 475: Nicholls, goo. 475; Noel, mrs. L. P. 476; Norfolk. duke of, 476 ; De Norma an, W. C. F. If. T. 476; North, lonl, 477; Noyes, mrs. M. 477.
O Donnoghue, lieut-col. 477 ; Ofil- vie, miss. 477 ; O Grady, II. M. 477 ; Onslow, mrs. S. 477 ; Oraomora and Browne, lord, 477 ; Orlbrd, rawm dow. of. 477 ; Von Ortica, maj. 477 ; Orme. II. 477; Ormorod, mm. ft. 477 ; Ormerod, W. P. 477 ; Ormomia, dow. marchess, of, 477 ; Utter, mrs. X. S. 478 ; Ottlev, R T. 478; Otto, col. 47* ; Owen, col. 478 ; Owe*, D. 1). 478.
Pack, col. 47h ; IVilev. J. O. 478 Palk. sir L. V. 47i» ; Palmer, J. 478 Panion. ren. dr. 47^; Parker, T 478 ; I'arkcr, dean, 476 : Parry, C H. 478 ; Pavne, lady. 479 ; Pears* & E. 479; Pearsoa. rev. O. 47f Pechell. adm. air •». R. B. 479 Peehell, J. 479 ; J. rev. P. 4TO Peel, capt 479 ; I Penaell, W. 479 ; . J
480;Perrm.J.480: -«.«- Perry, boa. E H. 480 ; I - PineComa.rwv.J. T. 48vi I ' mr. 4*0 ; PalhiU, <% RiW; mis* II. L. 480
1
♦ •
E. 451 ; De Reeda d'Uufltsnom, baroness, 481 ; Heillu, marshal, 131 ; O'Reilly, hon. R. 482 ; Htnnie, 0. 488; Rapton, J. A. 482; Heplon, rev. E. 483 ; Richards, R. 48a ; Richards, W. P. 482; Richardson, I'. 482; Riches, J. 482; Richmond, duke or,
483 ; Rick;, col. 483 ; Ridg-wav, J. 488; Ridgway, mrs. A. Si. 483; Rivera, dow. lady, 484 ; Rivington, miss J. 484 ; Roberta, msj.-sen. sir H. Q. 484 ; Roberts, O. 484 ; Robert- son, rev. dr. J. 4S4 ; Robinson, T.
484 ; Rochester, lip. of, 484 ; Rons, sir W. C. 484 ; Rosa, C. 485 ; Rosa- more, lord, 485 ; Round, rev. J. T.
485 ; Ronnd, J. 485 ; Howler, comm. 485; Rowley, J. 485; llo.by, rev.
mother of, 485 ; Rotten, baroness de, 485 ; Ryder, miss 8. 0. 486 ; Hrvcs, oapt. 485.
St. John of Bletsoc, dow. ladv, 486; Samuel lee, E. A. 486; Sandys, rt. hon. lord, 488 ; Sapiens, princess, 486; Saunderaon, lady, 486; Saxc Coburg Ootha, dchss. of, 488 ; Searia- brick, C. 486 ; Scholefield, mrs. MA. 4S6; Schulicrt, Q II. von, 487; Scott, mrs. C. 4S7 ; Ssolt.adni. 467 ; Scott, lord J. 487 ; Scott, van. T. H. 487 ; Scott, gen. sir H. S. 487 ; gal- lon, comm. 4s7 ; Sharpe, adm. 487 ; Sharpe, rev. J. 487 ; mrlm. Schroeder Uevrient, 412 ; Shnckburgh, W. P. 487; Bhuckburgh. col. 487; Silver- ton, boil. mrs. 487 ; Simeon, lady,
Strut field,
Swan B. i Steel
Temi
a. i
Thor J. 43
Thur
Todd
II. O
col. 4 Warr
490 ;
INDEX.
, H. H. SOS ; Wllion, lady, Oil ; "mi. 511; Wollaitet -- ; Wool ridge, mrs. __. ; Wood, lady, 611 ; Wood, eol. «11; Woodbnm, msj.-gen. MS; Wooddriff, opt. SI 3 ; Worcester, kp. Of, SIS ; Wonely, n». H SIS ; Wittgham, 1111 D. E19; Wright, Bent-gen. BIS ; WroUesley, dow. lody, fill ; Wyldo. Air J. SIS 1 W jnd- tam, gen. sir W. 612; Wjnnl.it,
Tate* mn. SIS ; Yelloly, B. T. >!• ; Yelrerton, hon. 0. Y. W. SIS ;
Teorntn.lady, 613 ; York, arirbbp. of,
Ml Y«uac,J.F.51B. Balterworth.mn.lf. 51 S.
Cut, M. SIS : Constable, mn SI. SIS; Coyle, J. 61S.
Fnllerton. H. 613.
Hughes, mn M. 61 4.
Leinbam, D. 614.
Maclennan, C. 614 ; M'Onih, E. 614 ; Mnrigny, enU*. de, 514 ; Mil). C. 614 ; Miller, mn. S. S14 : Muir bead, D. S14.
Smith, mn. M". S14 ; Bweeney. P. 114.
Wren, mn. A. 514.
Duns, BimuH, asd Mas-Maois, in
thereat j and In ten yean 1351-00,
338.
Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 64.
Fmasoi Acodowm Tor Ibe Year 1800.
— Class 1. Public Income, 318 ; II.
Public Expenditure, S3U : III. Con-
tolldated Fund, SH; I*. Public
Funded Debt *M ; r. Unfunded
Debt, 33S ; el. Diipo-ition of Oranta.
SM; Til. Trade and Navigation, S3S.
Prices of Stock in
each month of 1140, 838 : Bank nle of dlwouni : In January, 14; April, 43 ; December, 11)6. Fine Am. Ac .-Exhibition of the Royal Academe, flt ; etalne la Lord Wire at Shrewsbury, to Sir C. J. Napier In Si. Paula and Tnralfar- equarc. 9; to the Marquess of Angle- sey. ITS.
8ale of Mr. Brunei's pictures. S3 ; ■ale of Mr. Johnson's e.wpB,»i»*. "* - great price* of pictures by English Duitm, S3 ; sale of part of tn* IWI- riden eollicllon of ptetorr*. lot ■ aaluof Ueoarllk Ubtwrai'I m«- aeripta, 191.
Firee: -destruction of BL Andrews Church, Dublin, 8; frirrHiul cata- strophe at Lawrence, United State*; fall of a factory, and subsequent fire, serenl Unndred Urea lost, 7; explosion at a firework "lac lory, two Uvea loat, 8 ; fires In the pro- vinces, a spinning-mill at BlacJt- burn, flour-mill* al Chelmsford, lie Hanorer Mills, Manchester, and at Preston, 8; deatrnetfon of the Kndyniio*. emigrant ahip, by ire, 13 ; great Urea in Horaelrdown, SI ; dealrnetiTe fire in Wood -afreet, Cheapelde, 38 ; fatal fin in Boon- dlleh, it ; great fires In London, at Messrs. Sklpperend Eatl *. Reel c beep, and Bermondsey, 23 ; numerous Una in London, with Ion of life, 47; at Ureeuwlch, 49; in Hed CtMi treat, 60; deatruction of the " Sailon' Home." Liverpool, 82; Area in the provinces, Messrs. Croak II Is works, the Britannia Mill, Meatier, a mill at Holmnrtn. a distillery at Qlaanv, Si; destruction of the Watt KsoL Wharf, 145 ; eitensire Area in Band- well, 131; at rUtcliffe-croes, 146; In Long sere, destruction of St. Martin's- ball, 147 ; great confla- gration at Smyrna, 148 ; gnat Arc at the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company. Black wall, 149; the 7vrfimi;jA( ' mail itnasnar burnt at sea. I &i ; great Are al I.imennuae, 144 ; destruction) of Meaan Cbappell's pianoforte manu- factory, 171: of the Klldara ttnet clubhouse. Dublin, ITS; Bn at the Clerk en well Hooae of CerwetJaw, ITS ; fatal tin in Whileclmpel, IM
Franre. Private rial! of Ibe rni|ir*ss to England and Scotland, 1T4 ; aboli- tion of passports aa regards the Bng- llsh, 190.
Oaaur Bsmist— Stale of public opi- nion at the beginning of the year; ■Teal Interest of the English people 1 n the erenu in Italy : general indif- ference as to the expected Isfnss itlecuef gnai I aaat nil Parliament e
change* (3
the 14th J Hat, Bmw. ^T CurrnTFrtrnt'tt,
teary by the Qqean In Mafosly-. Sperb. |1J.
— Vast importance of the ex in Italy during the year ; the intercut of European politics centred in this country ; the Congress stipulated by the Treaty of Viilafranca new as- sembled, [208] ; various diplomatic schemes for settling; the affairs of Central Italy ; the Emperor of the French exhorts the Pope to surrender the Legations ; the four-fold propo- sition of the English Government, [209] ; proposition of France • neither acceptable to Sardinia, [211]; the ^Emilia and Tuscany vote annexation to Sardinia; tho King accepts llic homage of his new subjects, [-13J ;
proiec
ting *
A Kk-
ciere at tern pt» army ; his tiii favour d email dismiss all the
Cardinal Anti the Sardinian-! tho Papal S towns, and he
totally ciefea which surrenl
Lord John
attack on Yen
«
The Sardi moned to t
Garibaldi's
,t France; hollownees of the , texts, [213] ; Speech of tho Empe to the French Chambers, (214]; I
Swigs Government oppose the anneia- ho
tion as regards Chablais and Faucigny. government!
[216]; resolt of the vote by universal [287]; oppo
suffrage in Savoy and Nice, [211*]; general conf
■ autograph letter of the King of Sur- Garibaldi dc
din is to the Pope ; the Pope's reply ; the Vol turn t the King's Speech to his Parliament, l'roclamat
[21S]; the treaty of cession, [210]; tothepeoplc
extract* of correspondence relating the Sardini
to the cession of Savoy and Kite, Ahrnszi; m
313. the King, | ;
t aptaandSictiy.— Discontent in these, feat tho it
countries; King Francis II. con- Uarigliano,
tinues the oppressive rule of his the French I
father; remonstrance and warning of by sea, [Hi
the English Government, [220] : an French troo|
insurrection breaks out; Garibaldi of Naples w
INDEX.
Law and Police— continued. of jewellery at Sheffield and prompt capture, 172. [See Trials and Law Cases.*]
Lima, destructive earthquake at, 109.
Mabbiages, I860, 358.
Marriages, Births, and Deaths in the Year, 838 ; in ten years, 1851-1860,
. 388.
Meteorological Table, 338.
Meteorology— eclipse of the Bon, 123 ; a comet, 124 ; several persons killed by lightning, 132. See Weather.
Ministry, as it stood at the meeting of Parliament, 345.
Miscellaneous : — Storms and ship- wrecks, January, 8 ; fraudulent At- torneys ; cases of Hughs and Evan*. 5 ; awful catastrophe in the United States, at Lawrence, 6 ; statue to Lord Clive at Shrewsbury, to Sir C. J. Napier in St. Paul'*' and Trafalgar- square, 9 ; Bank rate of discount. January, 14; April, 4*; in Decem- ber, 206 ; daring escape of two con- victs from a railway carriage, 16; operatic arrangements (J ye v. Hughe*, Witrd t. Lumley. 18; tho weather and the park*. February, 19; gnat storms on 15th and 19th February. 19 ; on the 27th. 23 ; fall of lSamaay Terrace, Edinburgh. 25 ; launch of the //our. 121 guns. 27 ; Rifle Volun- teers, Her Majesty's *|>ccial lerte, 27 : scene in American law court, 30: trial of a Protestant bishop fur heterodoxy, 32 ; shocking mortality on hoard tho transport-ship (jmit Ttt* mania, 33 ; a ships crew poisoned, 37 : fall of Thurston church tower. 37; tragedy on the hierh sea* ; dreadful murders on board an oyster sloop in New York harbour, 39; numerous boat acci- dents, 40; the Indian mutineers, ex edition of Khan Hahadoor Khan and others, 41 ; Oxford and Cambridge boat race, 44; the weather of the winter quarter, 45 ; double murder by an insane sister. 4s; great prize- fight for the championship, between Heenan and Saver*. 41*; the great Pullingcr frauds on the I'nion bank. 53 ; great commercial frauds. 65 ; a pupil beaten to death at Ka*tbouruc, 58 ; fata! l>oat uri-ideut, tin ; great jewel robberies, 62 ; sale of Mr. Brunei* pictures, 63; sale of Mr. Johnson's en era* imp*. 6il; great prices for pic lure* of KuKlt»h matters, 63 ; exhibition of the Uovai Aca- demy, 64; case of the Rev. Mr.
Miscellaneous— otwtfimieti. Hatch, 66; extensive robbery and prompt capture, 70; Knsom noes, 73 ; Ascot races, 81 ; Goodwood raoea, 125; Doncaater races, 157; ob- structive cale on the 36th May, 76; dreadful losses of tho Yarmouth fishermen, 76; tho North-west pas- sage, Franklin and MeClintoek,76; hurricanes in tho United States, 76; massacre of missiomaries at Terra del Fucgo, 78 ; impudent fraud by ven- triloquism, 79 ; Proclamation for tho encouragement of Piety and Virtue, 81; the Channel fleet in the Frith of Forth, 82 ; second centenary an- niversaries of the Grenadier and Fu- silier Guards. 83 ; first trans-Atlantic voyage of the Great Eastern. 84 ; great Volunteer review in Hyde Park, 87; sale of part of the Belvidore collection of pictures, 106 ; state of Ireland, IimI: the weather of the Spring quarter, 107; earthquake at Lima, lot*; the religious disturbances at St George'sinthe-East, 110 ; final report of the Indian Mutiny Relief Fund, 113; National Rifle Associa- tion, prize-shooting at Wimbledon, 115; Orange riot at Lorgan, 118; eclipse of the sun, 123 ; a comet, 124 ; birth of a Princess of Prussia, 13*1 ; Xotfalge v. /Vine*, the Agapemonc, 126; effect of lightning, 131; au- tumnal residence of the Court in Scotland. 134; review of tho Rifle Volunteers at Edinburgh. 134; mtal accident at Dover to Artillery Volun- teers. 136; a High Sheriff fined £.')iiu. 139; fatal accidents to English tuuriftis in the Alps, 142; tho Dun* gannon tragedy, eiecution of HoMcn. 147 ; great conflagration at Smyrna, 1 4t» ; volunteer reviews at Kaowelcy, 15i» ; at Knave»mtre, (Uooceoter, and Camden Park, lil ; frightful disaster on Lake Michigan, sinking of the La<lu FJrfin, Ucu lives leei. 164; the Worcester Musical Festival, 166; execution of a marine in China, 157; launch of the Anson, 91 gnne, 168; rowing match for the chiainlonshln of the Thames between and Kelly. 168; Moiwloh nmsiml festival. 168; tho Qnoona its* It Germaav, 169; fatal panto no port, 168; Kiagam Ulnsnanalafl hi honour of tho Prince of Walsn> 1M| the neether of the Sosasna 160; Uvtrseelfreosihtnty, Sift of W. Brown, issnin,
INDEX.
Parliament -contimitd. ntttera in regard to Savor Md Hie*,
alii speeches of Mr. Whiteside, Mr. oiulu, Lord Pslmerston, Mr. Dto- rMll. [Ml. JrlnoMce. — Great expectations respect- ing ths approaching Budget; finan-
Psrliament — otMrfsnuaL Lords by Lord — Grey's itrietnrei.
na the motion, [SI 1 ; mm eh— of rd Wodehonai, But of Halrus-
commercial treaty with France tiid berore Parliament ; the financial state- ment ; Hr. Gladstone's elaborate and comprehensive speech. [3D]; exten- sive changes of taxation, the vine duties, paper dutv, Customs duties, lucome-tai, *c. [25] ; Mr. I)u Oane'i notice or motion poatponed for Mr. Disraeli's rootloD to postpone the con- sideration of the Jiuctpet nntil tbe French treaty shall hare been consi- dered. [SI ]; Mr. Diiraellaspcceh.[31 ]; Hr. Gladstone's replv, [83]: delate; tbe Opposition insist that tbe House ■ball consider the engagements of tbe treaty before they consider the resolutions that are to carry out tbe engagements ; the Mlnlstcrlalisla, that to submit each article of the treaty to the control of Parliament wis unconstitutional : on division amendment negatlvid. [35] ; Im- portant discussion In the House of Lorda ea the treaty, [.151 : Mr. Du Cane's motion against reducing the ordinary revenue and increasing the Income tat, [It*]; three nights' de- hale; speeches of Sir J". S-irthcote, KIJ; Mr. Hubbard. Mr ftiince. Mr. ng, [39]: Sir F. Baring. Hr. Bright, |*i|i; Mr. Whitwi.ie. Mr.
Cardire II. Mr. Newdegate, <4\\; Mr. Osborne, Mr. T. Raring, (it]; Mr. M. Gibson. Mr. Walnole. [<3] ; the Chancellor of tbe Klchetiucr. Mr. Disraeli. [It]; on division, majorite of 1 14 for Minister.. (IS); Miniate™ ralw the distinct question uf approval of the treat* br moving an address, [451; speech of Mr. Brng, US!; Sir H Cairns, on behalf ■> the Con- aervalives, aen-nta the treat*, but object* that it ib one sided, imper- fect, and halting. [IT); Mr. hjomnan mores amendment respecting Article S. leoelaV [t*;; important state ment of Mr Vivian: speech of Mr Disraeli. [49] ; answer of Chancellor of Kiehei[Ber. [An; ; amendment ncgatired ; original motion carried hr majority of Mo. [61] , similar addreat moved In tho Hoaee of
d
Arfyll, [M)t Karl of Derby, " | of tho Lord Chancellor sad
I Chelnuford, [OS] i address
carried fay Majority of 80, [Ml ; dta- cuasjon on tho nrlooi poftlmw of the Budget ; tho vine dalle* Mr. Gladstones eipoaJUofi, IW); after debate, resolution agreed U; refreshmenl-hoeaes-Mr. Gladstone'* interesting explanation of hit propo- sition, aa a complement e>f law Inlro-
._c Conservatives ; questions «__. _ ing corks and silks, [M]: tbelneoao- lax— motion for a 10rf. tat, [87]; several amendntvu an prnpnnd nad negatived, and motion canted. [67]; unpopularity of the prep anil for tho repeal of tbe paper dult ; ceavaWarsat as a question of an additional Id. to the Income Us J Mr W. Mites' attend- ment ; interesting delates, [*tj; speeches of Mr. R Slanbope, Mr. Black. Mr. Maguire. Lord R. Cedl. Mr. H . Olbson. [TO] ; Invective of Mr. Horsman. answer of Mr. Glad •tone. [Til; SlrJ Psklngton ; aatend- ment negatived. [Ti] : renewed attack on third reading: amendment of Air 8. N'orthcote. [Til; Mr. M. Gibson's answer. [73]; speech of Mr Otad- stnnc.lTsJ; Mr lHnrnell, [TJJ : dirt- don ; Area, SIS, Keen. Sto ; nsajertty for Ministers, 9. [TI) : Ear) of Aerby gives notice of his Intention U Oft. posc the repeal of tbe paper da*y ; Karl Granville moms tbceecend tend- ing, and denies that the proposed (a. mission la inexpedient, and thai Us* Lords have power to deal arttk In*
INDEX.
Parliament— continued.
[1471 ; lU reception by the House, [147 J; amendment of Mr. Lindsay, >proving expenditure for fortifi- cations aa compared with strengthen- ing the nary; Mr. S. Herbert's an- aver, [1481 ; speeches of Mr. Bright, Mr. Sewdegate, Mr. Osborne, Mr. Horsman, and others ; Lord Palmer- eton's reply; original resolution agreed to, [151]; Mr. £. James' amendment to second reading of bill, seconded by Sir C. Napier, [152] ; after debate second rcadiug agreed to, [153]; important debate on the bill in the Lords; speech of Lord Ellenborough, [1631 ; answer of Earl de Grey; bill passed, [1511
China and Jmlia. — Mr. B. Corn- rane calls attention to relations with China in reference to the Pciho af- fair; Sir M. Scvmour defends the operation*, [156 J; Lord J. UumcM defends Earl of Elgin, [157] ; Earl of Elgin arrircs from China and makes a statement in the House of Lord*. [167] ; Sir de Lacy Evans brings for- ward the subject of the war, [15!*]; defended by l*>nl J. KumscII. 1 15>Kj; debate on the policy and justice of the war, [16u] ; Karl Grey, in the Lords, (severely condemn* the Go- vernment for having entered into the war without consulting Parliament, [160]; Duke of Somerset defend* the Government, ( 161 ) ; the Chancel- lor of the Exchequer make* a special provision for the Chinese war; pro- poses a supplementary Budget, [162].
Finance* a/ India.— Mr. Wilson sent to Calcutta as Financial Member of the Council ; hi* financial scheme to restore equilibrium between re- venue and expenditure ; ningular op- position and prompt recall of Sir Charles Trevclyan. [163]; Earl of Ellenborough criticises the scheme; answer of Duke of Argyll, [164] ; Mr. D. Seymour advert* to Sir C. Trc- velvan s recall, and eulogises his ser- vices, [164]; Sir C. Wood and Lord Palmerston justify the recall as e*- aential to the public Rood, [166]. The Indian Financial Statement* - Secretary of State for India explains to the liotise the state and prospects of the Indian exchequer, [166]; statement criticised by Mr. I>. Sey- mour and others. (167> Beormmn- •salmi of tkt India* Army— bill
to amalgamate the Local with the Queen's army [168] la strongly op- posed ; view of l<ora Stanley, 1169] ; of General Peel and Colonel dykes, [1701; Sir de 1- Evans, [171]; Mr. A. Mills moves rejection of this bill ; seconded by 8ir E. Colebrooke, [171] ; bill opposed by Sir de L. Evans, Mr. M. Milne*, Sir J. Klphinstoue, Mr. D. Seymour, and others; supported by Mr. S. Herbert, Mr. Ayrton, Mr. Yansittart, Sir W. Russell. Sir C. Wood; bill carried by large majo- rity [177]; further opposition on going into Committee; numerous amendments proposed and negatived ; bill parted, [179] ; bill moved in the Lords by Duke of Argyll ; opposed by Earl of Ellenborough aa meat dangeroui ; supported bv Duke of Cambridge. [170] ; Earl' of Derby commit* the matter to the bility of Government; bill [1801.
Religion, Education, *e.— Church AcuV«-Sir J. Treiswuy again brings in his bill for abolishing church rate*, [181] ; Lord !L Montagu moves the rejection of the bill ; speeches of Sir G. Lewi*. Mr. K. heymer, [ 1 83] ; M r. l)i*racli. Lord Kermov, Ac; bill carried by majority of 29, [1M]; Mr. Xewdegate proposes a fixed charge on real property in substitu- tion for church rates. [1*4]; after de- bate, motion negatived, [186]; Mr. Whiteside moves to post pone third reading for six months, [164]; after animated debate aasendaaent negatived by majority of 9 only [ 187] ; progress of the bill in the Lords; l«ord Lyveden moves the second resding; Duke of MsjJboroegh move* rejection of bill, [188] ; Earl de Urey, Duke of Somerset, Duke of Newcastle support the bill ; Arch- bithop of Canterbury. Earl Orey, lmke of Rutland, and Earl of Derby oppose it ; bill thrown oat by Ma- jority of 97. [1901 ; Kndommd StheaU —Lord Cranwoith brings in bill to remove certain grievmncea of •enters, [1901; alter debate* goes to Coammittee, where tt ■ ' altered, and beeoseea law, bill om the saaae eabjeet by Mr. Diliwyn;
as soeensl iwadhaf ; to
letiom of Mc.
INDEX.
* IV
,■ K.K.-H
iw, 11 1 the Mndymim. emigrant akip, daatrojed by In, II ; galea on Hie 11th, ISlh and avth Fab., IS, 13 ; wreck of the Lima, emigrant ihip, 100 lire, lost, 11) ; low of the Huh- porta m, mail ateamer and all en board, 10 i oolliiioa ud low of the (Mum, near fifty li»ea loot, SO; wreck of the A'iMred, forty lire* loot, It ; ihoeklng mortality on board too Ortat Tatmama transport, 88 ; a thjp'i crew poleoned, IT ; dreadful murder* on baud a eloop la New York harbour, S»; -reek of the MalaUr in Pointdo-Galle harbour. 7* i greet gale In May. numerous wreck*, great looa ot Yarmouth taker- man, 75 ; dreadful diaeeter on Lake Minbigau, unking of the Lady Elfin, with MTeral hundred paraona, 164; burning of the ttntauuoA*. mail ateamer, at aaa, 1(12 ; eiugular de- atrvclion of a Peruvian frigate, 165 ; etonm and ahipwracka in Ootobcr. Ifl8 ; expiation on board the atoam- ahip ToHming. 170 i atorma and wrecka in November, 178. Brain *«o MoBooeo. — War declared between Spain and Morocco ; a Bpaniah force under General U IXra- noil land* at Ceuta ; the Britiah tlo .
quiring an; permanent territory . [US] : geaonl »uccew of the Span tarda; decisive batik near Tetuan, which ia taken ; treat y of Mace, [MB],
Si up id all em pi at ciril war bj the Count de Montetuolin and hia bro- ther ; they are captured, and retraced on eninHretuenla. which they dia- honourably repudiate when free : di'ncral Ortega taken and executed.
Stati ParrM. - Extract* of corre- epoadence relslinK tu the anneiation id Sarur and .Vice. '.'43 ; eitracta of rrvapondence relating tu Italy, 27.1,
Sr*TfTi». Table of. 23 ft 2* Vict.. 301. ftrw-K. Price* of. 13d. SraiA.— St* Trmii ami Siai*. Tar* Tint.— Treaty of commerce with
France : the correspondence. 2lu ;
llir treaty. 223 ; additional article,
22il , prcond additional article. 210 ;
treaty with N imnurun. 231 : treaty
of annexation of iiaruT to France.
-tn , convention fur the f
of Syria, 142.
iefDartd Hugbeo, ea attorney, lor ailonmro fraada, 5; operaUa arraagwanaata, Omr.hMfif, W*rd r. lumitm. U ; trial of W. O'Brien at To*, far bar- gUry with Tiolenoa, » ; taw Lalon murder— trial of Joaepk Caatto tor the mnrdor of hla wife, II ; trial of Thorn*! Onallinor far arena nam rob- bery at Urarpool. 41 ; of ierein
at Aahoombe. 43 ; trial of PaHlagor for iramoaee fraada on the Union, Bank, II ; groat coamereial fraada — eaae of Brana, an attorney, of the Blaikiea. of Aberdeen, and of the Demalrioa. H ; oooa of the He*, hi r. llaich— trial of KageaJa Plaaamer for perjury, » ; of Ana Barker lor attempted cbild-mnrderaJ MotUlbld, 11B; of Henry Cowley, fur eenld- murdar, 110 ; of Michael Hymea for the murder of A an Skein at Qaaaart, 121; of John Featoa far the aaarier
murder of Aal IMS- or Prancl* Price for the rawrder of Ann Plait, at BimiaghaM.il); of Thoaua (Ukurber forth* a. -rder of hia wife at Lirerpool. Ill; of Kama Padleld for child murder at ' Hackney. 171; of Thornae Smith for tbo mardar of John Battj at Wb>- Uton, 111; of Milner Lara** far taw murder of Thomaa llamaon at Cr- peth. 181; ofTnowuBlchardaoafo* (he murder of William HcBriaa at Wyberton. 1ST ; of Jamea Johnaoa fur the murder of Serjeant Chipt aad Corporal Jnuea at Aldenhott, III; of Samuel Twin for the murder of hia wife at Wolverhampton, 1H; of John Kenworthr for burglary with violence, at Lceda. 1M.
The Walworth tregoHy-trtal af William liodfrer Yonngnun far la*
urdrr of Uary Aai "
u far ike marder of
eonduet of the '
ilMj ; •