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ANNUAL REPORT HARVARD UNIVERSITY
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2010-2011
DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE
Professor Ernst Mayr, arguably the most famous evolutionary biologist of the 20" century, served as MCZ’s director from 1961 to 1970. For him, the MCZ “is not merely a repository of collections but a biological research institute.”
According to Mayr, the MCZ has two explicit tasks: “to study the diversity of living nature and its evolution—the mere accumulation of specimens and the mere description of new species is not our primary task”—and
to instruct undergraduate and graduate students. This past year’s activities and events show that we are doing our best to promote and realize Mayr’s lofty vision and maintain MCZ’s standing as the finest university-based natural history museum in the world.
Perhaps the most important ongoing activity of any university-based museum is the
hiring and retention of outstanding faculty- curators. Hence, I’m happy to announce that Dr. Hopi Hoekstra, MCZ’s Curator of Mammalogy, has accepted Harvard’s offer of a tenured professorship in the departments of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
and Molecular and Cellular Biology, and appointment as Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology in the MCZ. This is a key “acquisition” for MCZ, and one that will help sustain our intellectual leadership in the field of comparative biology.
Teaching continues to be one of our most valued and rewarding activities, and I am happy to showcase some of the impressive accomplishments of our undergraduate and graduate students within this report. Under the supervision of faculty-curators and with financial support from programs such as the Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research, the MCZ continues to both train new generations of professional zoologists and educate future doctors, lawyers, poets, engineers, teachers and other leaders of
tomorrow in the biology of organisms.
This past year saw significant improvements to our physical plant. A new cryogenic lab was installed, which will house a state-ofthe- art, liquid-nitrogen-based collection that will come online in November 2011. Build-out of the MCZ’s new 50,000-square-foot collections facility in the Northwest Science Building began in spring 2011. Migration of specimens from their current, overcrowded space in the old MCZ will begin in early 2012.
With the acquisition of several grants, MCZ is able to participate in both national and global efforts to digitize collection records, some of which extend back hundreds
of years. The resulting online specimen
databases provide unprecedented and
immediate access to primary biodiversity
information by scientists, students,
policymakers, conservationists and other
data “consumers” anywhere and anytime.
Finally, we were sorry to bid farewell to
Elisabeth Werby, Executive Director of the
Harvard Museum of Natural History, at the close of the 2009-2010 academic year. We
surely will miss Liz, but we also will treasure
the magnificent public museum she left
behind. While the University develops plans
to recruit her successor, David E. Ellis,
former president of both Lafayette College
and the Museum of Science, Boston, is
serving as interim executive director.
The success of the MCZ is only possible because of the earnest commitment and
dedication of its faculty, researchers, staff
and students. I commend everyone for
their hard work and congratulate them for
a job well done.
James Hanken
Director
Cover photo credits:
Top, left to nght: Luke Mahler; Vlad Dinca; courtesy of Elaine Vo; Gonzalo Giribet; Florence On
Bottom, left to right: Lynn Johnson; Naomi
Man in't Veld; Mark Renczkowski; Anna Clark; Jon Sanders
Opposite page: Hypochrysops digglesii (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Australia by
Catherine Weisel
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Catherine Weisel
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Scott Edwards
Rose Lincoln
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Adam Clark
Elaine Vo
Black-footed Albatross in flight and in the MCZ collections
INVESTING IN THE FUTURE
As both a research and a teaching museum, the MCZ maintains an active involvement in, and support of, Harvard’s education programs.
Through courses, faculty mentoring and Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR), the MCZ nurtures and advances the research interests of undergraduate students from the classroom to the lab and field. We are proud to highlight some of the research of recent undergraduates who have been
supervised by MCZ faculty-curators.
The achievements of Anh-Thu Elaine Vo, Class of 2008, provide an excellent example of the combined power of scientific curiosity and initiative, financial support and faculty mentorship. Vo’s research, funded in part by a GUR in Winter 2007, measured mercury levels in the endangered Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nignipes), a wide-ranging aquatic predator in the Pacific region. Guided by Professor Scott Edwards, Vo examined
120 years of feathers (1880-2002) held by MCZ and a second museum to correlate
the amount of mercury accumulated in the feathers with increased levels of human- generated atmospheric pollution, especially since WWII and the more recent doubling of
emissions due to Asian industrialization.
Vo’s work is the first to confirm the rise of mercury levels in the Pacific Ocean and points to the need for further research on the reproductive effects of increased levels of mercury in endangered species such as the albatross. Vo’s project garnered a Hoopes
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY tntminem
Prize in 2008 to reward excellence in her work as an undergraduate. Her findings were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA in April 2011.
“Elaine is a very dedicated worker, and with her background in biochemistry and biology, she had a breadth of knowledge that is rare among undergraduates,” explained Prof. Edwards. “Her research elegantly combines seabird ecology, ecotoxicology, stable isotopes and the value of museum specimens to reveal conditions in the world in which they lived.”
Vo is currently a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, where she is pursuing research at the interface of ecological immunology and avian host- parasite ecology.
Adam Clark, Class of 2011, is especially interested in ants:
the distribution of species across landscapes and how new species establish themselves into existing communities. For the last three years, his research has focused on the ant communities of the Boston Harbor Islands, including sampling and insect identification for the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory run
by the Farrell lab. His work was supported
by a GUR in Spring 2009 and his paper “Ant communities of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area” was recognized with a Hoopes Prize in 2011. His paper, “The effects of biogeography on ant diversity and activity on the Boston Harbor Islands, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,” is in press at PLoS ONE.
Clark investigated an invasive ant species, Paratrechina longicornis, in the Dominican Republic in 2011. Contrary to earlier local news reports of the danger and devastation this species would wreak, Clark found that, even though widespread, the colonies have
remained relatively small, isolated and docile, and likely do not pose a physical
threat to humans.
“Adam is a natural entomologist who also has a deep commitment to applying his research to issues of conservation and sustainable development,” says his advisor, Professor Brian Farrell. “He is an ideal ambassador for the causes of conservation and biodiversity
research, both abroad and domestically.”
Adam Clark
Recent graduate Joanna Larson, Class of 2011, has diverse research interests in both amphibians and mammals that have led to fieldwork around the world, from Florida to Bulgaria to Africa. The MCZ supported Larson with two GUR grants.
“Joanna began her relationship with MCZ
as a freshman, when she enrolled in the herpetology course that I teach with Jonathan Losos,” explained Professor James Hanken, her advisor. “The course included a spring- break trip to Costa Rica, and by the end of that week, she was hooked on comparative zoology, natural history and fieldwork. She went on to
accomplish great things as an undergraduate.”
Larson’s 2010 summer internship with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History enabled her to conduct a taxonomic revision of Petrodromus, African elephant shrews, and she is currently investigating
the genetics of this genus with additional funding from the Smithsonian. During
this internship, Larson also investigated
hybridization between polar bears and
brown bears, work that she now is
reparing for publication. prep 8 Pp
In December 2011, Larson
will begin a research project, “Decoding Species Complexes
of Amphibians and Mammals
in the Mountains of Tanzania,”
on a Fulbright grant. She will be studying small mammal and frog diversity in the mountains, teaching in village schools about local biodiversity and her research, and improving her fluency in Kiswahili,
which she studied for two years at Harvard.
Alexander Kim, Class of 2013, is so fascinated by freshwater prawns that he seriously studied them even before his undergraduate career. According to his advisor, Professor Gonzalo Giribet, “Alex has a true passion for learning and is, by far, the most driven undergraduate I have ever met. He was conducting field research on freshwater crustaceans in high school and is already participating
in advanced coursework.”
A member of the Giribet lab, Kim’s fieldwork has been funded in part by two GUR grants. In 2010, he traveled to Lake Corpus Christ, Texas, to investigate how a species of prawns that live in saltwater when young but spend their adult lives in freshwater seem to migrate between these environments where a man-
made dam should block their path.
In 2011, Kim traveled to the Panama Canal area to investigate a novel cluster of Pacific/Caribbean sister species—closely related prawn species that were separated by land until the construction of the Canal. Because both of these species can tolerate both the saline and freshwater segments
of the Canal, they have the potential
for invasions far beyond their current habitats, with possible hemisphere-wide
ecological repercussions.
Joanna Larson
Alexander Kim
Alexander Kim
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MCZ FAcuLury-CGURATORS
Andrew A. Biewener Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology Director, Concord Field Station
Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on understanding the biomechanics, neuromuscular control and energetics of animal movement on land and in the air. To study how and why a wide variety of animals move dynamically in
a natural setting, the Biewener lab employs treadmills, NVilate MB tUlalat=)cMmalle]ates)el-\-10 MU(e(-cem-laleMaal-liglele\-Me)meli(-ce1t\Y measuring the force and movement of the animal’s body, limbs and wings.
How musculoskeletal design varies across differing modes
and conditions of movement—as well as across diverse species —is of particular interest in understanding the general principles that govern the design of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems of vertebrates. In the Biewener lab, limb and body dynamics of whole animal movement are analyzed in relation to neuromuscular, tendon and skeletal function.
The research of the Biewener lab is designed to answer questions about animal movement, such as:
What features of the musculoskeletal system developed in response to the demands for powered flight versus those for economical movement over ground?
How do animals maneuver in their environment and stabilize in response to disturbances? How does size affect animal design and performance?
How can biological systems inform robotics design?
The Biewener lab at the Concord Field Station consists of three postdoctoral researchers, four graduate students, one research associate and three undergraduate researchers.
Brian D. Farrell Professor of Biology Curator of Entomology
Scott V. Edwards Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology
Tony Rinaldo
Curator of Ornithology
Prof. Edwards’ research focuses on the evolutionary biology of birds and relatives, using the guiding principles of population genetics and systematics to inform their natural history
and behavior. Current projects utilize genomic technologies
to examine genome evolution across the reptile-bird transition; phylogeography and speciation of Australian and North American birds; and the genomics of host-parasite co-evolution between house finches—a common North American songbird—and a recently acquired bacterial pathogen called Mycoplasma.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ettegm
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Prof. Farrell’s research is broadly concerned with whether the diversity of species on Earth is a cause or consequence of the diverse roles different species play in ecosystems, particularly between insects and plants.
The Farrell lab serves as a base for the Beetle Tree of Life project, a collaborative and comprehensive phylogenetic study of this most diverse group of animals.
Lynn Johnson
FACULTY-CURATORS
Gonzalo Giribet Professor of Biology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology
James Hanken
Professor of Biology
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Herpetology
Prof. Giribet’s primary MCZ Director
research focuses on the evolution, systematics and biogeography of invertebrate animals. Current projects
in the Giribet lab include multidisciplinary studies for Assembling the Bivalve Tree of Life and for assessing deep molluscan phylogeny, as well as multiple projects involving research on arthropod systematics and biogeography, sponges, sipunculans, platyhelminthes and onychophorans. He is also interested in philosophical aspects of sequence data analysis, emphasizing homology-related issues.
Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory- based analyses and field surveys to examine morphological evolution, developmental
biology and systematics of amphibians. Current areas of research include the evolution of craniofacial patterning; the developmental basis of life- history evolution; and systematics, taxonomy and evolution of neotropical and Asian salamanders and frogs.
Prof. Hanken also serves on the Executive Committee of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org).
Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.
Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology
PAN-- lai lal- ice) als) amelie) (ole li-ar- ale = 1at- 18) ¢-10- paleontologist, Prof. Jenkins is as much intrigued by living vertebrates as by
their extinct relatives. Broadly interested in vertebrate evolution, he has never restricted his research to a particular 1t-)<o)ammr-lale Malicmere)|(-lole)e-\t(e)al-mar-\U-) ranged from Mesozoic mammals to frogs. Another significant research focus has been functional anatomy: understanding the musculoskeletal mechanisms that animals use to move and breathe.
Hopi E. Hoekstra Professor of Biology
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Mammalogy
Prof. Hoekstra combines field and laboratory work to understand the evolution of mammalian diversity from morphology to behavior. Her research focuses on the genetic basis of adaptive variation—identifying both the ultimate causes and the proximate mechanisms responsible for traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in the wild.
Research in the Hoekstra lab uses integrative approaches to understand how biological variation is generated
and maintained in natural populations.
He maintains active field research in vertebrate paleontology and, in 2006, was part of an expedition that discovered Tiktaalik roseae, the missing link between fish and land animals, in the Canadian Arctic. In 2009 he was given the Romer-Simpson Medal, the highest award of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, for sustained and outstanding scholarly excellence.
Prof. Jenkins has led courses in vertebrate evolution for 40 years, explaining the anatomical and physiological transformations that transitioned fish
1 Co ¢-)0) 4] (Colo) |co\- CoM gar-lttltir-Uictet- (eee) 4) @s-18)(-16 eve (-i¢-1|(-10 -lale Mere) (0) gi0)| chalkboard illustrations—to cover 500 million years of vertebrate evolution in 26 lectures.
Prof. Jenkins was honored with a Harvard College Professorship in 2011
aM c-rerelelalitio)ame)mali-me (re |(er-\t(e)am(omelale(-ice]e-(el0l-1(-m(-r-(e) gle mm amAe LO Mm al) received the Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award for his
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The Joseph R. Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize in 2010.
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ACULTY-CURATORS
George V. Lauder Professor of Biology
Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology Curator of Ichthyology
Prof. Lauder’s research examines the structure, function and evolution of vertebrates, particularly fishes and amphibians. His current studies
focus on the development of robotic models for understanding the functional and evolutionary diversity of fishes. Additional interests include biological fluid mechanics, theoretical approaches to the analysis of form and function in organisms, and the history and philosophy of morphology and
physiology.
Jon Chase
Naomi E. Pierce
Sidney A. and John Hessel Professor of Biology Curator of Entomology
Prof. Pierce’s research uses molecular and morphological data
to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Lepidoptera. The goal of this research is to clarify the systematics and classification of these insects, and to investigate how host plant and ant associations have shaped their patterns of diversification.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY eet —— =_—
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Jonathan B. Losos Monique and Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America
Curator of Herpetology
Prof. Losos’ research focuses on the behavioral and evolutionary ecology of lizards, specifically
how lizards interact with
their environment and how lizard clades have diversified evolutionarily. His laboratory integrates approaches from systematics, ecology, behavior,
genetics and functional
morphology, taking both observational and experimental approaches in the field and in the laboratory.
Robert M. Woollacott Professor of Biology Curator of Marine Invertebrates
Prof. Woollacott’s research focuses on aspects
of marine invertebrate life history, such as synchronization
James J. McCarthy
Professor of Biological Oceanography Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography
Acting Curator of Malacology
Prof. McCarthy’s research focuses on factors that regulate the processes of primary production and nutrient supply in the ocean.
Through controlled laboratory studies and field investigations, Prof. McCarthy and his group examine the effects of strong seasonal or interannual climate change on marine life and biogeochemical systems.
of reproductive events and ecology and physiology of larvae. Topics of particular interest include larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as human impacts on the distribution of marine organisms.
Rose Lincoln/Harvard News Office
Jean-Francois Bertrand
MCZ EmeritI
Kenneth J. Boss Faculty-Curator Emeritus Professor of Biology, Emeritus
Prof. Boss, former Curator of Malacology, has been with Harvard for 40 years. His research focus is the classification, systematics and evolution of mollusks, using data from shell morphology, anatomy and zoogeography to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within various groups of gastropods
and bivalves. He has also published on the history of malacology. Prof. Boss has contributed extensively to the Occasional Papers on Mollusks and formerly served as editor for Breviora and the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Richard C. Lewontin Professor of Biology, Emeritus Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus
An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. Lewontin pioneered the field of molecular population genetics by merging molecular biology and evolutionary theory, as
well as the philosophical and social implications of genetics and evolutionary theory. Prof. Lewontin’s current research involves computer simulation and evaluation of statistical tests for selection. Among his many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Biology as Ideology: the Doctrine of DNA; Human Diversity; and The Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment. He served as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution,
the American Society of Naturalists and the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Edward O. Wilson
EMERITI
A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator Emeritus
Fisher Professor of Natural History, Ementus
Prof. Crompton, former Curator of Mammalogy, was the Director of the MCZ from 1970 to 1982 and the former Director of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and the South African Museum, Capetown. His primary research interests are the origin and evolution of mammals, functional anatomy, neural control and evolution of feeding in recent and fossil vertebrates. Prof. Crompton is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on vertebrate paleontology and functional morphology.
Herbert W. Levi Faculty-Curator Emeritus Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus
A former Curator of Arachnology, Prof. Levi's research focuses on the taxonomy of New World orb weaving araneid spider genera. The author of Spiders and Their Kin, as well as numerous articles on various spider genera, his research has made possible identification of 1,500 species in 66 genera in the Americas. Prof. Levi served as president of the International Society of Arachnology and, in 2007, won the ISA’s Eugene Simon Award for lifetime achievement for his immense influence on spider research.
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Honorary Curator in Entomology Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus
Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary
psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation. He has received many of the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his research and environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for
his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Hdlldobler) and On Human Nature (1978).
In 2007, Prof. Wilson received the Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) Prize, where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life— a contemporary, dynamic Web page for every named species.
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Justin Ide
Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library
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OEB 155r: Biology of Insects
Freshman Seminar 31v: The Beasts of Antiquity and Their Natural History (offered Fall 2011)
[USEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
CourRSEs IN 2010-2011 LED By MCZ FacutTyCuRATORS
Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity (undergraduate )
Brian D. Farrell (and N. Michele Holbrook)
An integrated approach to the diversity of life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, genetic, ecological and geologic processes contribute to the origin and maintenance of biological diversity.
OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate ) Gonzalo Giribet (and Cassandra G. Extavour) Introduction to invertebrate diversity, with special emphasis on the broad diversity of animal forms, their adaptations to different ecosystems and how these phenomena shape animal evolution.
OEB 53: Evolutionary Biology (undergraduate )
Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Andrew J. Berry)
Micro- and macro-evolution, ranging from population genetics through molecular evolution to the grand patterns of the fossil record.
OEB 57: Animal Behavior (undergraduate ) Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky)
A review of the behavior of animals under natural conditions, with emphasis on both mechanistic and evolutionary approaches.
OEB 121a: Research in Comparative Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder
(and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) Introduction to experimental techniques used to investigate the structure and physiology of vertebrates, where each instructor offers research projects that are undertaken in their laboratory.
OEB 121b: Research in Comparative Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder
(and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) Optional extension of initial project undertaken in OEB 121a into a thesis research project.
OEB 125: Molecular Ecology and Evolution (undergraduate and graduate )
Scott V. Edwards
A survey of theory and applications of DNA technologies to the study of evolutionary, ecological and behavioral processes in natural populations.
OEB 139: Evolution of the Vertebrates (undergraduate and graduate)
Farish A. Jenkins, Jv:
Origination and evolution of the major groups of vertebrates, with emphasis
on the anatomical and physiological transformations that occurred during
the transitions to diverse lineages of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
OEB 155r: Biology of Insects (undergraduate and graduate)
Naomi E. Pierce (and Michael R. Canfield) Introduction to the major groups of insects— life history, morphology, physiology and ecology—through a combination of lecture, lab and field exercises.
OEB 157: Global Change Biology (undergraduate and graduate)
James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Moorcroft) Examines natural and anthropogenic changes in the earth system and their impact on the structure and functioning of terrestrial and oceanic systems.
OEB 181: Systematics (undergraduate and graduate )
Gonzalo Giribet
Theory and practice of systematics, emphasizing issues associated with homology statements and alignments, methods of tree construction and hypothesis evaluation.
OEB 231: Adaptation (graduate)
Hopi E. Hoekstra
This discussion-based course covers the latest advances in the study of adaptation, with a focus on controversial issues and integrative approaches.
OEB 233: Evolution of the Niche (graduate) Jonathan Losos
Evolutionary diversification relates directly to how ecological niches change through time.
OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology (graduate )
Robert M. Woollacott
Human impacts on marine life and ecosystems of the sea.
OEB 255: Nature and Regulation of Marine Ecosystems (graduate )
James J. McCarthy
A presentation of topics that are of current interest in marine ecosystems. Emphasis on identification and quantification of biological and environmental factors important in the regulation of community structure.
Graduate Courses of Reading and Research OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and
Musculoskeletal Biology Andrew A. Biewener
OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics Gonzalo Ginbet
OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of Vertebrates George V. Lauder
OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate Anatomy Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.
OEB 325: Marine Biology Robert M. Woollacott
OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Naomi E. Pierce
OEB 341: Coevolution Brian D. Farrell
COURSES
OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology
OEB 345: Biological Oceanography James J. McCarthy
OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental Biology James Hanken
OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution Scott V. Edwards
OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological Diversity Jonathan Losos
OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics Hofi E. Hoekstra
Life Sciences
LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary
Human Physiology and Anatomy (undergraduate )
George V. Lauder (and Peter T. Ellison, Daniel E. Lieberman)
Explores human anatomy and physiology from an integrated framework, combining functional, comparative and evolutionary perspectives on how organisms work.
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COURSES
General Education
Science of Living Systems 22:
Human Influence on Life in the Sea (undergraduate )
James J. McCarthy, Robert M. Woollacott Over-harvested fish stocks, pollution and anthropogenic climate change affect
the stability and productivity of marine ecosystems. This course asks what we need to know about the causes and effects of anthropogenic change to best protect marine ecosystems and ensure sustainable harvests from the sea.
Harvard Extension School and Harvard Summer School BIOS E-225: Human Impacts on
Marine Communities (graduate ) Robert M. Woollacott
Human Evolutionary Biology How anthropogenic-driven events are impacting the structure and function of
marine communities.
OEB 155r: Biology of Insects
HEB 1210: Research in Comparative Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate )
Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder (and BIOS S-74: Marine Life and Ecosystems Stacey A. Combes, Daniel E. Lierberman) of the Sea
Introduces students to experimental Robert M. Woollacott
techniques used to investigate the structure The life history and adaptations of marine and physiology of animals. life and the ecosystems of the sea, with
emphasis on understanding the fragility and resilience of marine systems in the face of anthropogenically driven perturbations.
Gonzalo Giribet
BIOL S-113: Study Abroad at Oxford: Darwin and Contemporary Evolutionary Biology
Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry)
The history of evolutionary biology in the post-Darwinian world, following strands of thought either introduced or ignored by Darwin in On the Origin of Species through to the present.
OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Invertebrate Animals
Environmental Science and Public Policy
ESPP 90f: Global Change and Human Health (undergraduate )
James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Epstein) Explores hypothesized linkages between changes in ecosystems, climate and the epidemiology of certain infectious diseases resulting from increasing human population and our consumption of natural resources.
ESPP 90q: Conservation and Evolution (undergraduate )
Jonathan Losos
Examines the extent to which conservation and evolutionary biology need to be integrated to preserve the world’s biological diversity.
OEB 155r: Biology of Insects
MuSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY __ carnanem —S— aw
NEw FACILITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCE PRESERVATION AND ACCESS
There are developments all around the MCZ to ensure the preservation of
specimens and enhance their access for research, on site and online.
The Northwest Building
The Northwest Building’s below-ground floors are being renovated for state-of-the-art laboratories, special preparations areas, a classroom and climate-controlled collections storage rooms for the MCZ. The building will become the new home for all or part of eight MCZ dry collections, greatly improving storage conditions for these specimens
and the preparation and lab areas for their
researchers and students.
The Phase One build-out of the building’s
B2 level—with the prep labs, receiving
space and the Mammalogy management
and collections space—was completed in summer 2011. “The collection areas and new prep labs are leading-edge facilities, and the collections staff—even those with specimens not moving—are eager to start using the shared facilities,” said Linda Ford, Director of Collections Operations.
Mark Renczkowski
Curatorial staff have been readying the Mammalogy collections since early 2010 and these collections are scheduled to move to the Northwest Building in early 2012. Phase Two, B3 South, will be the management
and collection areas for Ornithology and the management areas for Malacology and Invertebrate Paleontology. Phase Three, B3 Central, will house the collections areas for Malacology, Invertebrate and Vertebrate Paleontology, Marine Invertebrates, Invertebrate Zoology and fossil Entomology, as well as the management area for Vertebrate Paleontology. These two phases have been combined and construction will begin in
fall 2011.
Since 2007, Jessica Cundiff, Curatorial Associate for Invertebrate Paleontology, has been supervising the preparation of more than a million specimens in anticipation
of the move. “It’s been quite a bit of work, but we're nearly done. We’ve cleaned a lot of the specimens, finding that some of the lesser-used ones were black from the days of coal-burning furnaces, and made repairs to
stabilize specimens as needed.”
Cundiff is also acting Curatorial Associate for Vertebrate Paleontology and will soon turn her attention to preparing that collection. She expects that Vertebrate Paleontology’s approximately 100,000 specimens of larger, heavier fossils will take one to two years to get
ready—right on schedule for their move.
“The new prep lab space will have many additional pieces of equipment—a dust collector, fume hood and rock saws—that will make our prep and repair work easier and safer,” said Cundiff. “We’re really looking forward to it.”
COLLECTIONS
The Northwest Building
Solnhofen specimen before and
after repair
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Cyndi A. Wood
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COLLECTIONS
New Cryogenic Collection
The MCZ collections of genetic material— tissue samples for DNA and RNA extraction— have been housed in frozen storage in collections and labs all around the MCZ, complicating tracking and sending curatorial staff scrambling during power outages.
To provide a more accessible and reliable system for the storage and preservation of this material, a Cryogenic Collection is being created to centralize sample storage from across the MCZ in liquid nitrogen-cooled cryovats.
Breda Zimkus, the Cryogenic Collection Project Manager, has been working on converting former collection storage space in the MCZ Labs in the building’s basement. The space is nearly completed and the institution’s first liquid nitrogen cryovats will be delivered in September 2011. “For our purposes, cryovats are the superior choice because the colder the storage, the longer the sample remains viable for genetic research,” explained Zimkus. “The three cryovats will accommodate 40,000 samples each, enough space for our existing collections with room for growth—and we have floor space for one or two more.” All of the centrally stored samples will be barcoded for easy access, resulting in a more efficient workflow that will free up collections staff and improve
the handling of the samples. According to Zimkus, “The facility is designed to support the work of all the scientific staff at the MCZ.”
During planning, Zimkus discovered that while there were many options in designing a cryogenic facility, there were no right answers for every circumstance and little published information to help evaluate the options. To help rectify this deficiency, she received a grant to develop best practices for genetic resource collections associated with natural history museums. She expects to share her results at the 2012 annual meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections and eventually publish to assist others in the field.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY cesarean
New Ichthyology Specimen Tanks Many MCZ specimens are stored in fluid, including most aquatic invertebrates, fishes, amphibians and reptiles. During recent collections renovations, the MCZ purchased 123 custom-designed three-foot stainless steel tanks to replace many old steel-lined wooden tanks, some dating back to the Agassiz years. Multiple new oversized tanks were also purchased, some of which can hold specimens up to 12 feet long, such as sharks, marlin, ocean sunfish (Mola mola),
grouper and other large spiny fishes.
Karsten Hartel and Andrew Williston
Karsten Hartel, Curatorial Associate for Ichthyology, explained, “The large specimens in the MCZ Ichthyology collection date back to the 1800s and are scientifically valuable in part because many museums don’t have facilities
to keep fishes of this size.” For example, the collection contains the heads of a basking shark and a manta ray, each weighing around 250 pounds. Specimens of these species, and of this
size, are very rare in collections.
“As large fishes continue to disappear from the world’s waters, it is imperative that museums be able to house representative large specimens for future anatomical and systematic studies. Our new tanks ensure that we will be able to add critical large specimens to our collection and to maintain them in good condition for years to come,” said George Lauder, Curator of Ichthyology and Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology.
Linda Ford
Database Update
The multi-year migration of all legacy collections databases to the master museum-wide database, MCZbase, has been completed. Data entry from the original specimen ledgers and catalogues is nearly completed as well, and the scanning of these resources is almost finished. Once linked to MCZbase, researchers will be able to call up a specimen record and view the image of the
original ledger page where it was recorded.
The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data Capture Project will produce the first Entomology collection to be represented in MCZbase. During the past twelve months, thirty-three undergraduate students and volunteer interns have contributed to this effort, including photographing butterflies and transcribing data in the collection room.
According to project manager Rod Eastwood, butterfly data capture has now reached the halfway mark, with approximately 100,000 butterfly specimens and labels imaged.
A quarter of these have pin label data transcribed into the Lepidoptera database in preparation for uploading to MCZbase.
“Digitizing the butterfly collection and
making the images available online not only
Rodney Eastwood
to researchers around the world, but also provides a valuable resource for research into butterfly wing shape and color patterning,” said Naomi Pierce, Curator of Lepidoptera
and Hessel Professor of Biology.
The protocols developed for the butterfly collection will be adapted to image and database other taxa in the insect collections, starting with the large and important MCZ
ant collection.
In other developments, MCZbase is currently feeding all of its specimen photos into the Encyclopedia of Life, and the MCZ has contributed specimen data to 4,278 EOL species pages to date. MCZbase is now also calling out to Berkeley Mapper to gather
data to create point distribution maps with
The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data Capture Project
makes the collection immediately accessible GoogleMaps and other applications.
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MCZ NEWS
MCZ RESEARCH MAKING HEADLINES
Lolita and Lepidoptera
In 1945, Vladimir Nabokov, renowned author of Lolita and lifelong lepidopterist, proposed a revolutionary theory
regarding the butterflies he studied, the Polyommatus blues. Without any means
more sophisticated than a microscope, he described a bold new theory of how and when the blues arrived in the New World. In the intervening years, however, few scientists seriously considered his hypothesis.
In his paper, Nabokov, a de facto curator of Lepidoptera at the MCZ, described the migration of Polyommatus blues from Asia over the Bering Strait in five waves, each giving rise to a separate New World group. Using genetic sequencing of newly collected samples, Naomi Pierce and her colleagues set out to reconstruct the family tree of Nabokov’s blues in research that spanned eight years and involved six expeditions to the Andes to collect the necessary species.
The team used a technique called a “molecular clock” to determine how long ago the various New World species of Polyommatus blues evolved. This dating would indicate which of the competing theories—including an alternative
hypothesis that the species diverged upon the breakup of ancient Gondwanaland 80 to 100 million years ago—was correct.
The team’s research determined that
the butterflies arrived in South America approximately 11 million years ago, within the time frame postulated by Nabokov, when the Bering land bridge still existed and temperatures were favorable for the relatively warm-adapted butterflies to disperse to South America. Moreover, they found that Nabokov correctly predicted the sequence of the subsequent four waves of migration that gave rise to the groups of these butterflies that we now see in North America. The ancestors of each of these groups were increasingly cold- adapted, matching the cooling temperatures occurring across the Bering Straits. Thus, more than 65 years later, Nabokov’s revolutionary theory regarding the migration and evolution of his beloved blues has been proved to be astonishingly accurate.
Vila R, Bell CD, Macniven R, Goldman-Huertas B, Ree RH, Marchall CR, Balint Z, Johnson K, Benyamini D, Pierce NE (2011) Phylogeny and palaeoecology of Polyommatus blue butterflies show Beringia was a climate-regulated gateway to the New World. Proc Roy Soc B 278:2737-2744.
Revealing the Role of Seasons in Biodiversity
Earth’s biodiversity is higher in the tropics, but why? Is diversity fostered by increased light and heat, or by lower variation in seasonal temperatures? In research published in Paleobiology, Brian Farrell worked with his former student and MCZ Associate Bruce Archibald and colleagues to seek the answer in deep, geologic time.
They compared insect diversity at two modern locations—the Harvard Forest Ecological Research Site, a temperate forest with high seasonality, and a Costa Rican tropical forest with high levels of light and heat but low seasonality—with the exceptionally well- preserved insects of the McAbee fossil bed in British Columbia. When the McAbee fossils were created 52.9 million years ago, Earth’s climate was far less seasonal at all latitudes, allowing tropical species such as palm trees and crocodiles to live in what is now the high Arctic.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY some
The researchers discovered that the ancient Canadian site’s insect diversity is similar
to that of the modern Costa Rican forest, despite a marked difference in latitude, suggesting that lower variation in seasonal temperatures—rather than heat or light— drives increased biodiversity.
Up through the Eocene epoch—when most of today’s organisms were diversifying—the world lacked pronounced seasonality, much like today’s tropics. Interestingly, the findings indicate that, in the present day, it is not the heat of the tropics that promotes diversity, but the seasons of the higher-latitude temperate zone that depresses diversity.
Archibald SB, Bossert WH, Greenwood DR, Farrell BD (2010) Seasonality, the latitudinal gradient of diversity, and Eocene insects. Paleobiology 36:374-398.
Biomechanics and Fluid Dynamics
When moving through water, fishes with flexible fins must continually react to the surrounding fluid to maintain stability and steady forward movement. Until recently, the main method of analyzing fish wakes—and therefore the movement and force applied
to the water by the fins—has been limited
to two-dimensional techniques, which have left considerable room for error. In research published in Biology Letters, Brooke Flammang and colleagues used a novel 3D laser imaging technique to instantly capture the interaction between fishes and their environment. The research was designed to test assumptions made under two-dimensional methods and to examine the interaction between the dorsal and anal fin wake and the tail fin, which has been technically difficult to do with traditional imaging approaches.
On a “treadmill for fish,” four bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and a cichlid fish (Pseudotropheus greshakei) swam singly in a recirculating flow tank seeded with plastic particles suspended in the flow. A pulse laser illuminated the fluid downstream of the swimming fish, and the particle position and displacements were captured by a camera and calculated using software. With the
new system, researchers are able to analyze
Tongue Tales: How Dogs Lap
Have you ever watched a dog lapping water and wondered how the liquid gets into
its mouth? To a casual observer, the dog’s tongue seems to curl under and make a spoon shape, leading some to conclude that dogs scoop up liquid with the underside
of their tongues. Cats, however, pull water into their mouths using the upper surface of their tongues. Since the oral cavities
of cats and dogs are similarly structured, this lapping mechanism shouldn’t be fundamentally different. So how, really, does water get to the dog’s mouth?
It has been shown that when cats lap, they curl their tongue backwards until it comes to rest on, but does not penetrate, the surface of the liquid. Then as the cat lifts its tongue, liquid is drawn up into the mouth on the upper surface of the tongue.
MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH
the entire volume of water being moved in each of multiple sequential photographic images.
Flammang, an MCZ postdoctoral fellow at the Lauder lab, discovered that the dorsal and anal fins make a great contribution to the tail fin wake, and thus are additional propellers, not merely stabilizers. Scientists have known that the dorsal and anal fins are important for balance, but have only now been able to show that they also play a significant role in locomotion.
Flammang also used volumetric imaging to A novel 3D imaging technique uses a
examine shark tail hydrodynamics in research to be published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
pulse laser to capture the displacement of plastic particles in a flow tank.
Flammang BE, Lauder GV, Troolin, DR, Strand TE (2011) Volumetric imaging of fish locomotion. Biol Lett 7:695-698.
Flammang BE, Lauder GV, Troolin DR, Strand TE (2011) Volumetric imaging of shark tail hydrodynamics
reveals a three-dimensional dual-ring vortex wake structure. Proc Roy Soc B 278:3670-3678.
Using high-speed light videos and X-ray videos, A.W. Crompton and Catherine Musinsky recorded a dog lapping broth. The videos show that when the dog dipped its tongue into the broth, it did scoop liquid into a spoon-shaped area on the underside of its tongue. However, when the tongue was withdrawn, the liquid fell out. Instead, a column of liquid was drawn up on the surface of the tongue and then trapped in the mouth as the jaw closed—just
as in cats. Their findings were published online in Biology Letters.
Crompton AW, Musinsky C (2011) How dogs lap: ingestion and intraoral transport in Canis familians. Biol Lett 7:882-884.
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MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH
Marie Manceau (left) and Hopi Hoekstra
Designer Genes
Survival in the wild can be determined by how well an animal’s coloration hides it from predators. However,
the genetic mechanisms
that create color patterns have been little understood. Marie Manceau and Hopi E. Hoekstra used two populations of deer mice, each differently adapted to be camouflaged in their particular environment, to show how the Agouti gene plays a key developmental role in color pattern evolution.
The color pattern in deer mice—a dark back and a light belly—is the most typical in vertebrates. The researchers found that the expression of the Agouti gene in the belly of the developing fetus delays the maturation of cells that will eventually produce pigments, and thus the development of color, in that area of the body. In addition, the researchers found that subtle changes in the gene’s
embryonic activity can also make a profound difference in the distribution of pigments across the entire body. Their findings were published in Science.
Beyond color patterning, this study highlights how even small changes in Agouti gene expression in embryos can establish a completely new color pattern in adults. In deer mice, natural selection drives changes in the amount and place of Agouti expression, which in turn results in new color patterns that can camouflage animals from predators in habitats ranging from dark forests to sandy beaches.
Manceau and Hoekstra plan to continue their research with animals having more complex color patterns, such as chipmunks, to determine if the same pre-patterning mechanisms seen in deer mice are also involved.
Manceau M, Domingues VS, Mallarino R, Hoekstra HE (2011) The developmental role of Agouti in color pattern evolution. Science 331:1062-1065.
Physical Evolution Keeps Pace with Ecological Opportunity
Adaptive radiation—where a single ancestral species gives rise to many descendants,
each adapted to a different part of the environment—is possibly the single most important source of biodiversity in the world. One of the best-studied examples
of adaptive radiation is the Anolis lizards, which arrived in the islands of the Caribbean around 40 million years ago from South America and evolved into numerous species of dramatically differing body sizes and limb lengths.
In theory, ecological opportunity—the availability of resources, such as food and territory, and the amount of competition for those resources—is the primary factor regulating the pace of species diversification, so the rate of diversification should slow as opportunity declines. However, does this theory also hold true for the diversification of body size and shape?
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY _ enn
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To investigate the relationship between ecological opportunity and morphological evolution, D. Luke Mahler, Jonathan B. Losos and colleagues employed genetic methods and data from body measurements of around 100 species of Caribbean anoles from Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico.
They found that the earliest species with
the greatest resources and little or no competition developed the widest variety of body types and sizes—from foot-long giants that travel the treetops to slender lizards that live in bushes. But as the number of Anolis species increased and their ecological niches became smaller, the resulting adaptations in body type slowed and became more subtle. The research was published in Evolution.
Mahler DL, Revell LJ, Glor RE, Losos JB (2010) Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles. Evolution 64:2731-2745.
PROJECTS & INITIATIVES
Encyclopedia of Life
The second version of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org) debuted on September 5, 2011. The free, online collaborative resource is vastly expanded, offering information on more than one-third of all known species on Earth. EOL Version 2 (EOLv2) features a new design and tools that make it easy for users to find organisms and create personalized collections of photos and information.
As an EOL cornerstone institution, Harvard University
is extensively involved in building EOL. The MCZ-based EOL Learning + Education Group has initiated several
new collections of Harvard contributions (www.eol.org/ collections /5923). These collections include LifeDesks created by the MCZ’s EOL Fellows, Gisele Kawauchi and Breda Zimkus; field guides customized for the Harvard Museum of Natural History exhibitions; and podcasts by E.O. Wilson and others. In addition, Harvard undergraduates have created species accounts as part of their biology courses and published them to EOL via Education LifeDesks, Mushroom Observer and AmphibiaWeb.
The MCZ has contributed data from its ten research departments to 4,278 EOL species pages, and MCZbase, the museum-wide specimen database, is currently feeding all of its specimen photos into EOL. The MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library belongs to the Biodiversity Heritage Library, whose members have scanned around 35 million pages of biodiversity literature and made them available to users worldwide through EOL.
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The EOL Learning + Education Group (education.eol.org) is charged with developing tools to facilitate the use of EOL’s
data. Their Field Guide tool, currently in beta testing, is a way
to organize species information for a particular project. For example, a field guide was made for a species inventory in Harvard Yard.
MCZ NEWS
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The group is also tasked to work with stakeholders to better understand and develop new ways that EOL can be integrated into biodiversity learning. To better understand and prioritize EOL’s core functionality, the Learning + Education Group sponsored two workshops to gather requirements from EOL users and partners. In September 2010, 20 representatives of museums, nature centers, Zoos, aquariums and other settings
in the U.S. and abroad attended Using EOL in Public Exhibits to explore ways in which EOL, through its content and associated tools and services, can be used to support and enhance the visitor experience in informal science institutions. During the International EOL Learning and Education Workshop (March 31— April 1, 2011), representatives of EOL regional partners from the Arab region, Australia, China, Costa Rica, The Netherlands and South Africa discussed the goals, opportunities and challenges of working together and the EOL content, tools and services needed to advance biodiversity learning worldwide.
In another international initiative, the Learning + Education Group received a grant from the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies to help implement Cyberhives, an online Spanish-language educational program developed by the National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica (INBio). In 2010, INBio became an EOL regional partner to serve Central American species information in Spanish. Cyberhives is an online project that uses science and technology to encourage and support middle school children to learn about biodiversity in their own communities. With the Central American EOL portal in place, it will be possible
to implement Cyberhives in other countries in the region. The grant will enable participants from EOL’s Learning + Education Group, INBio (Costa Rica) and the Ministries of Education and non-governmental organizations in Panama, Nicaragua and E] Salvador to develop a plan to implement and test the Cyberhives learning model regionally.
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Catherine Weisel
Patrick Rodgers
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The generous gift of Paul J. Zofnass, Harvard alumnus and member of the MCZ Faculty governing board, has made possible a new gallery and exhibition at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. The largest donation in the museum’s history has created the Zofnass Family Gallery and the permanent exhibition New England Forests, both of which debuted on May 21, 2011.
New England Forests explores the natural history and ecology of the regional forests, their responses to human activity and their environmental significance. The exhibition highlights three facets of the region’s woodlands—the forest primeval, the transitional forest and the New England wetland habitat—and the rich natural history collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology are featured in all three forest landscapes.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ann
Paul Zofnass and family at the Gallery’s opening. From left: sister Joan Zofnass, daughter Rebecca Zofnass, Paul Zofnass and wife Renee Ring.
Curatorial staff from the ornithology and mammalogy collections helped select specimens that would accurately reflect the fauna found in New England forest habitats. “Given the incredible diversity of bird species and specimens to choose from, we wanted to ensure that the exhibit displayed familiar but key species found in those habitats,” said Jeremiah Trimble, Curatorial Associate in Ornithology. Specimens from the MCZ collections include current and former forest residents—moose, caribou, wolves, foxes, skunks, porcupines, hawks and woodpeckers—as well as invasive species such as coyotes.
The exhibition conveys current research about how forest communities work, cycle water and carbon, interact with climate and respond to invasive species, drawing on the expertise of evolutionary biologists, botanists, ecologists and system scientists from across the University to tell the forest’s story. Visitors are encouraged to observe and “read” the local landscape for clues about its past and to contemplate the challenges and choices we face in planning our forests’ future.
Multimedia displays in the exhibition will be updated as new research from the MCZ and others enriches understanding of the forests and the organisms that live there.
Patrick Rodgers
MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES
Quality Control for Species-Occurrence Data
MCZ Director James Hanken is the principal investigator for “Filtered Push: Continuous Quality Control for Distributed Collections
& Other Species-Occurrence Data.” The National Science Foundation awarded
the three-year, $1.6 million grant in fall
2010. Paul Morris, Biodiversity Informatics Manager, will be leading efforts on the behalf of the MCZ.
Species-occurrence data associated with biological collections—which species was observed at a geographic location at a given time—have historically been used mainly by taxonomists. With the advent of digital aggregation technologies these data have become readily available for many other uses, such as modeling species distributions and assessing the effects of climate change on biological diversity.
Through aggregation, large quantities of species-occurrence data can be gathered simultaneously from many distributed sources.
This process, however, has highlighted
the frequency of problems regarding the accuracy, completeness, consistency of representation and timeliness of those data. Accordingly, researchers often are uncertain about whether these data are suitable for use in their work.
Data quality and fitness for use will be addressed through Filtered Push Continuous Quality Control software, which allows
data providers and consumers to define potential errors in data, develop metrics
for those errors, analyze distributed data to detect potential errors, and close the quality management cycle by sending corrections back to the curators of the original data sets.
The project will specifically benefit aggregators that serve species-occurrence data to the public and other research domains, such as the Encyclopedia of Life and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Linking Field Notes to Specimens and Published Literature
The California Academy of Sciences is partnering with the MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library and Ornithology department along with other natural history institutions to develop a system for integrating biological researchers’ field and specimen notes with the corresponding museum specimens and electronically published literature. The project will provide enhanced and integrated access to biological data that will serve a wide variety of users and connect to other ongoing projects, such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
As a part of a larger grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, the MCZ has been awarded funds to pursue the pilot project: “Archives and Specimens from the Birds of the Cambridge Region by William Brewster.”
A curator at the MCZ from 1885 to 1902, William Brewster published Birds of the Cambnidge Region in 1906. In the pilot project, the MCZ’s Ornithology department and the Ernst Mayr Library will digitize the historical materials and specimens associated with
Brewster’s ornithological studies in and around Cambridge. The collection comprises more than 1,850 specimens collected by Brewster, 2,800 specimens he acquired and 9,000 pages of archival materials, including field notebooks, correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. The entire body of work will present Brewster’s detailed observations, pioneering studies, notes and assertions about living nature—particularly birds—as he understood them.
Inclusion of Brewster’s unpublished observations and writings will enhance contemporary ornithological studies. As the specimens and notebooks are scanned and cataloged or entered into a database, the metadata will be improved by adding digital tags that will include names (taxonomic and personal), dates, localities and other contextual information. Once the records are complete, the materials will be exported to the Biodiversity Heritage Library and there linked to the published literature and to specimen data via the Encyclopedia of Life.
Se ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 a
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William Brewster, 1883
Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library, Special Collections
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Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library
Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library
Katherine C. Cohen
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MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES
Ernst Mayr Library
In 1861, the MCZ’s library was founded when Louis Agassiz purchased Belgian paleontologist Laurent Guillaume de Koninck’s collection of books. Together with much of Agassiz’s own private collection, these volumes formed the core of the new library. Now celebrating 150 years of information provision, the Ernst Mayr Library has grown to around 300,000 volumes of books and journals and is an integral part of the MCZ. “The Library is
a key historical zoological collection that has evolved along with the MCZ and has a vibrant digitization program contributing to the Biodiversity Heritage Library,” explained Constance Rinaldo, Librarian of the Ernst Mayr Library. “The Library, with the merger of the Biological Laboratories Library, is now a key support for life sciences programs at Harvard.”
Even with its ongoing scanning efforts, not all information is available online. People come from around the world to conduct deep research using the Library’s historic volumes and artifacts. “In this increasingly fast-paced, digital world it is easy to lose sight of the significance of a comfortable library space, opportunities for browsing serendipitously and the tactile value of an important, yet beautiful, scientific work,” said Rinaldo.
The Ernst Mayr Library is one of the founding members of the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), a group of organizations making biodiversity literature openly available via the Internet.
In June 2011, the MCZ
and the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology hosted the second International Congress on Invertebrate Morphology. Invertebrates—including sponges, flatworms, insects, clams, snails and other non-vertebrate life—include around 1.2 million described species and 96% of the total known animal diversity. Gonzalo Giribet is the incoming president of the International Society of Invertebrate Morphology, which organized the event.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY __ earn —@— =—--sS
This digitization effort is important for taxonomists, who traditionally had to travel extensively to physically access
the literature, and especially valuable to scientists around the world who may not have the means to make these journeys. The BHL scanning effort has produced more than 36 million scanned pages of biodiversity literature to date, and this number is continually increasing. BHL Brazil, the latest of several global BHL efforts, was launched December 1, 2010. biodiversidade.scielo.br/php/index.php
In recognition of the work in building the digital library, the BHL was awarded the John Thackray Medal in 2010 by the Society for the History of Natural History. The John Thackray medal recognizes significant achievements in the history or bibliography of natural history, specifically “making available ... collections and/or information in new and novel ways.”
International Congress on Invertebrate Morphology
More than 230 delegates from 23 countries gathered to hear presentations and engage in discussions related to invertebrate form, function and development. Speakers included Christopher Laumer and Alicia Pérez-Porro, graduate students in the Giribet lab. Adam Baldinger, Curatorial Associate of Invertebrate Zoology, Gonzalo Giribet, and postdocs Marta Novo, Ana Riesgo, Sonia Andrade and Alexander Ziegler presented posters at the event.
In addition to the presentations, attendees were invited to examine special collections at the MCZ and the Ernst Mayr Library and view the Blaschka glass sea creatures.
Constance Rinaldo
¢ Aktipis SW, Giribet G (2010) A phylogeny of Vetgastropoda and other “archaeogastropods’: re-organizing old gastropod clades. Invertebr Biol 129:220-240
e Archibald SB, Bossert WH, Greenwood DR, Farrell BD (2010) Seasonality, the latitudinal gradient of diversity, and Eocene insects. Paleobiology 36:374-398
¢ Balakrishnan CN, Ekblom R, Volker M, Westerdahl H, Kotkiewicz H, Godinez R, Burt DW, Graves T, Griffin DK, Warren W, Edwards SV (2010) Gene duplication and fragmentation in the zebra finch major histocompaubility complex. BMC Biol 8:29
¢ Barrett RDH, Schluter D (2010) Clarifying mechanisms of evolution in stickleback using field studies of natural selection on genes. In In Search of the Causes of Evolution: Field Observations to Mechanisms (Grant P, Grant R, eds) 332-346. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ
¢ Barrett RDH (2010) Adaptive evolution of lateral plates in stickleback: A case study in functional analysis of natural variation. J Fish Biol 77:311-328
¢ Berg AM, Biewener AA (2010) Wing and body kinematics of takeoff and landing flight in the pigeon (Columba lvia). JExp Biol 213:1651-1658
¢ Biewener AA, Daniel T (2010) A moving topic: control and dynamics of animal locomoton. [guest ed intro} Biol Lett 6:387-388
¢ Butler AD, Edgecombe GD, Ball AD, Giribet G (2010) Resolving the phylogenetic position of enigmatic New Guinea and Seychelles Scuugeromorpha (Chilopoda): a molecular and morphological assessment of Ballonemini. Invertebr Syst 24:539-559
* Carlson RL, Lauder GV (2010) Living on the bottom: kinematics of benthic station-holding in darter fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae). J Morphol 271:25-35
¢ Castillo-Ramirez S, Liu L, Pearl D, Edwards SV (2010) Bayesian estimation of species trees: a practical guide to optimal sampling and analysis. In Estimating Species Trees: Practical and Theoretical Aspects (Knowles LL, Kubatko LS, eds) 15-33. Wiley-Blackwell: New Jersey
¢ Chuong EB, Tong W, Hoekstra HE (2010) Maternalfetal conflict: rapidly evolving proteins in the rodent placenta. Mol Biol Evol 27:1221-1225
* Clouse RM, Giribet G (2010) When Thailand was an island—the phylogeny and biogeography of mite harvestmen (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Stylocellidae) in Southeast Asia. J Biogeogr 37:1114-1130
* Collar DC, Schulte I JA, O’Meara BC, Losos JB (2010)
Habitat use affects morphological diversification in dragon lizards. J Evol Biol 23:1033-1049
* Collin R, Giribet G (2010) Report of a cohesive gelatinous egg mass produced by a tropical marine bivalve. Invertebr Biol 129:165-171
¢ Crompton AW, Owerkowicz T, Skinner J (2010) Masticatory motor pattern in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): a
comparison of jaw movements in marsupial and placental herbivores. J Exp Zool 313:564.578
¢ DaSilva MB, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Giribet G (2010) Canga renatae, a new genus and species of Cyphophthalmi from
Brazilian Amazon caves (Opiliones: Neogoveidae). Zootaxa 2508:45-55
* de Bivort B, Clouse RM, Giribet G (2010) A morphometicsbased phylogeny of the temperate
MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010
Gondwanan mite harvestmen (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Pettalidae). J Zool Syst Evol Res 48:294-309
25 Feb. 2010
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
¢ de Bivort B, Giribet G (2010) A systematic revision of the South African Pettalidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) based on a combined analysis of discrete and continuous
AQiiiwit:lmiye Fluid Mechanics
: : VOLUME 645 morphological characters with the
description of seven new species. nvertebr Syst 24:371406
¢ Dong H, Bozkurttas M, Mittal
R, Madden P, Lauder GV (2010) Computational modeling and analysis
of the hydrodynamics of a highly deformable fish pectoral fin. /Flud Mech 645:345-373
¢ Edgecombe GD, Bonato L, Giribet G (2010) Brooding in Mecistocephalus togensis (Geophilomorpha: Placodesmata) and the evolution
of parental care in centipedes (Chilopoda). Int] Myriapod 3:139-144
¢ Fisher HS, Hoekstra HE (2010) Competition drives cooperation among closely-related sperm of deer mice. Natwre
463-801-803 George V. Lauder and colleagues
contibuted “Computational modeling ¢ Flammang BE (2010) Functional morphology of the radialis muscle in shark tails. / Monphol 271:340-352
and analysis of the hydrodynamics of a highly deformable fish pectoral fin” to
¢ Gable ME, Lazo-Wasem EA, Baldinger AJ (2010) The the Jowrnal of Fluid Mechanics.
Amphipoda of Bermuda—a century of taxonomy. Zool Baetica 21:131-141
¢ Giribet G (2010) A new dimension in combining data? The use of morphology and olume 271, Number 1, January
phylogenomic data in metazoan systematics.
Aata Zool (Stockholm) 91:11-19 EAS SRA oF
morphology
© Giribet G, Boyer SL (2010) ‘“Moa’s Ark’ or ‘Goodbye Gondwana’: Is the origin of New Zealand’s terrestiial invertebrate fauna ancient, recent, or both? Jnvertebr Syst 24:1-8
¢ Giribet G, Shear WA (2010) The genus Siro Latreille, 1796 (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae), in North America with a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data and the description of four new species. Bulletin of the MCZ 160:1-33
¢ Giribet G, Vogt L, Pérez Gonzalez A, Sharma P, Kury AB (2010) A multilocus approach to harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) phylogeny with emphasis
on biogeography and the systematics of Laniatores. Cladistics 26:408437
* Goodbody-Gringley G, Vollmer SV, Woollacott RM, Giribet G (2010) Limited
gene flow in the brooding coral Fava fragum (Esper, 1897). Mar Biol 157:2591-2601
¥ WILEY-BLACK WELL
Editor: J. Matthias Starck
In the Journal of Morphology, * Gottlieb JR, Tangorra JL, Esposito CJ, Lauder GV (2010) George V. Lauder and RL Carlson
A biologically derived pectoral fin for yaw turn maneuvers. Appl Bionics Biomech 7:41-55
published “Living on the bottom: kinematics of benthic station-
holding in darter fishes (Percidae
¢ Hagey TJ, Losos JB, Harmon L] (2010) Cruise foraging of invasive chameleons (Chamaeleo jacksonii xantholophus) in Hawaii. Breviora 519:1-22
Etheostomatinae).”
——— ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 SS <
21
MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010
IN THE LIGHT ‘el; EVOLUTION
Essays from the Laboratory and Field
Edited by Jonathan B. Losos
Foreword by David Quammen
Jonathan B. Losos edited In the Light
of Evolution: Essays from the Laboratory and Field. In addition to Losos, contributors included Hopi Hoekstra and Naomi Pierce from the MCZ and Harvard’s Andrew Berry, Janet Browne and Daniel Lieberman.
Cpc} \
es, hes
¢ Hanken J (2010) The Encyclopedia of Life: a new digital resource for taxonomy. In Systema Naturae 250: The Linnaean Ark (Polaszek A, ed) 127-135. Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton
¢ Harmon L], Losos JB, Davies T], Gillespie RG, et al (2010) Early bursts of body size and shape evolution are rare in comparative data. Evolution 64:2385-2396
* Hoekstra HE (2010) Evolutionary Biology: the next 150 years. In Evolution Since Darwin: The First 150 Years (Bell MA, Futuyma DA, Eanes WF, Levinton JS, eds) 631-656. Sinauer Press: Sunderland, MA
¢ Hoekstra HE (2010) In search of the elusive behavior gene. In In Search of the Causes of Evolution: From Field Observations to Mechanisms (Grant PR, Grant BR, eds) 192-210. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ
¢ Hubbard JK, Uy JAC, Hauber ME, Hoekstra HE, Safran RJ (2010) Vertebrate pigmentation: from underlying genes to adaptive function. Trends Genet 26:231-239
¢ Huey RB, Losos JB, Moritz C (2010) Are lizards toast? Science 328:832-833
¢ Hull JM, Mindell DP, Talbot SL, Kay EH, Hoekstra HE, Ernest HB (2010) Population structure and plumage polymorphism:
the intraspecific evolutionary relationships of a polymorphic raptor. BMC Evol Biol 10:224
¢ Janes DE, Organ CL, Fujita MK, Shedlock AM, Edwards SV (2010) Genome Evolution in Reptilia, the Sister Group of Mammals. Annu Rev Genom Hum Genet 11:239-264
¢ Johnson CH (2010) Effects
of selfing on offspring survival and reproduction in a colonial simultaneous hermaphrodite (Bugula stolonifera, Bryozoa). Biol Bull 219:27-37
¢ Johnson CH, Woollacott RM (2010) Larval settlement preference maximizes genetic mixing in an inbreeding population of a simultaneous hermaphrodite (Bugula stolonifera Bryozoa). Mol Ecol 19:5511-5520
¢ Johnson G, Losos JB (2010) The Living World, 6" Ed. McGraw-Hill: Boston, MA
¢ Johnson MA, Revell LJ, Losos JB (2010) Behavioral
convergence and adaptive radiation: effects of habitat use on territorial behavior in Anolis lizards. Evolution 64:1151-1159
¢ Junoy J, Andrade SCS, Giribet G (2010) Phylogenetic placement of a new hoplonemertean species commensal of ascidians. Invertebr Syst 24:616-629
© Kawauchi GY, Giribet G (2010) Are there true cosmopolitan sipunculan worms? A genetic variation study
within Phascolosoma perlucens (Sipuncula, Phascolosomatidae).
Mar Biol 157:1417-1431
¢ Kerney R, Gross JB, Hanken J (2010) Early cranial patterning in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui revealed through gene expression. Evol Dev 12:373-382
¢ Kerney R, Hall BK, Hanken J (2010) Regulatory elements of Xenopus col2a1 drive cartilaginous gene expression in transgenic frogs. Int J Dev Biol 54:141—150
[USEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY —_ cetemgmm — a A
* Leal M, Losos JB (2010) Communication and speciation. Nature 467:159-160
¢ Lentink D, Biewener AA (2010) Nature inspired flight— beyond the leap. [guest ed intro] Bioinspir Biomim 5:1-9
¢ Linnen C, Farrell BD (2010) A test of the sympatric host race formation hypothesis in Neodiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Proc Roy Soc B 277:3131-3138
¢ Liu L, Yu L, Edwards SV (2010) A maximum pseudo- likelihood approach for estimating species trees under the coalescent model. BMC Evol Biol 10:302
* Losos JB, ed (2010) In the Light of Evolution: Lessons from the Laboratory and Field. Ben Roberts Publishers: Colorado
* Losos JB (2010) Adaptive radiation, ecological opportunity, and evolutionary determinism. Am Nat 175:623-639
¢ Losos JB (2010) A tale of two radiations: similarities and differences in the evolutionary diversification of Darwin’s finches and Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. In In Search of the Causes of Evolution: From Field Observations to Mechanisms. (Grant PR, Grant BR, eds) 309-331. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ
* Losos JB, Mahler DL (2010) Adaptive radiation: the interaction of ecological opportunity, adaptation, and speciation. In Evolution Since Darwin: The First 150 Years (Bell MA, Futuyma DA, Eanes WF, Levinton JS, eds) 381420. Sinauer Press: Sunderland, MA
¢ Mahler DL, Herrel A, Losos JB, eds (2010) Anolis Newsletter VI. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: Cambridge, MA
¢ Mahler DL, Revell LJ, Glor RE, Losos JB (2010) Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles. Evolution 64:2731-2745
¢ Maldonado M, Riesgo A, Bucci A, Rutzler K (2010) Revisiting silicon budgets at a tropical continental shelf: Silica standing stocks in sponges surpass those in diatoms. Limnol Oceanogr 55:2001-2010
¢ Manceau M, Domingues V, Linnen CR, Rosenblum EB, Hoekstra HE (2010) Convergence in pigmentation at multiple levels: mutations, genes and function. Phil Trans Roy Soc B 365:2439-2450
¢ McKenna DD, Farrell BD (2010) 9-genes reinforce the phylogeny of Holometabola and yield alternate views on the phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera. PLoS ONE 5:e11887
¢ Meegaskumbura MS, Meegaskumbura S, Bowatte G, Manamendra- Arachchi K, Pethiyagoda R, Hanken J, Schneider CJ (2010) Taruga (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a new genus of foam-nesting tree frogs endemic to Sri Lanka. Cey J Sci (Bio Sci) 39:75-94
¢ Murienne J, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2010) Including secondary structure, fossils and molecular dating in the centipede tree of life. Mol Phylogenet Evol 57:301-313
¢ Murienne J, Karaman I, Giribet G (2010) Explosive evolution of an ancient group of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Opiliones) in the Balkan Peninsula. / Biogeogr 37:90-102
¢ Ord TJ, Stamps JA, Losos JB (2010) Adaptation and plasticity of animal communication in fluctuating environments. Evolution 64:3134-3148
¢ Organ CL, Rasmussen M, Baldwin MW, Kellis M, Edwards SV (2010) Phylogenomic approach to the evolutionary dynamics of gene duplication in birds. In Evolution After Gene Duplication (Dittmar K, Liberles D, eds) 253-267. Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ
¢ Phelan C, Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hale M (2010) A biorobotic model of the sunfish pectoral fin for invesigations of fin sensorimotor control. Bioinsfir Biomim 5:035003
e Pilsk SC, Person MA, deVeer JM, Furfey JF, Kalfatovic MR (2010) The Biodiversity Heritage Library: Advancing Metadata Practices in a Collaborative Digital Library. J Libr Metadata 10:136-155
¢ Puerta P, Andrade SCS, Junoy J (2010) Redescription of Lineus acutifrons Southern, 1913 Nemertea: Pilidiophora) and comments on its phylogenetic position. J Nat Hist 44:3740
* Riesgo A, Pérez-Portela R, Arroyo NL (2010) Halacarid mites associated with a North-Adantic population of the kelp Laminaria ochroleuca. ] Nat Hist 44:651-657
* Riesgo, A (2010) Phagocytosis of sperm by follicle cells of the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma ocadentahs (Porifera, Demospongiae). Tissue Cell 42:198-201
¢ Rinaldo C, Norton C (2010) The Biodiversity Heritage Library: an expanding international collaboration. In Confluence of Ideas: Evolving to meet the Challenges of Global Change, Proceedings of the 35th IAMSLIC Brugges, Belgrum 2009 (Barr D, ed) 115-122. IAMSLIC: Newport, OR
¢ Rivera-Rivera NL, Martinez-Rivera N, Torres-Vazquez I, Serrano-Velez JL, Lauder GV, Rosa-Molinar E (2010) A male poecillid’s sexually dimorphic body plan, behavior, and nervous system. Integr Comp Biol 50:1081-1090
¢ Robinson GE, Banks JA, Padilla DK, Burggren WW, Cohen CS, Delwiche CF, Funk V, Hoekstra HE, et al (2010) Empowering 21st century biology. BioSaence 60:923-930
* Rodriguez Schettino L, Losos JB, Hertz PE, et al (2010) The anoles of Soroa: aspects of their ecological relationships. Breviora 520:1-22
¢ Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The whale pump: marine mammals enhance primary productivity in a coastal basin. PLoS ONE 5:e13255
* Rosenblum EB, Rompler H, Schoneberg T, Hoekstra HE (2010) White lizards on white sands: the molecular and functional basis of phenotypic convergence. Proc Natl Acad Sa USA 107:2113-2117
* Schick S, Zimkus BM, Channing A, Kohler J, Lotters S (2010) Systematics of “Little Brown Frogs’ from East Africa: Recognition of Phrynobatrachus scheffleriand description of a new species from the Kakamega Forest, Kenya (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae). Salamandra 46:24-36
¢ Schluter D, Marchinko KB, Barrett RDH, Rogers SM (2010) Natural selection and the genetics of adaptation in threespine stickleback. Phil Trans Roy Soc B 365:2479-2486
¢ Sigwart J, Schwabe E, Saito H, Samadi S, Giribet G (2010) Evolution in the deep sea: a combined analysis of the earliest diverging living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida). Invertebr Syst 24:560-572
¢ Smith HM, Levi HW (2010) Review of the genus Micopoltys (Chelicerata: Araneae: Araneidae). Arthropod Syst Phyl 68:291-307
Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hunter IW, Mittal R, Madden PGA, Bozkurttas M (2010) The effect of fin ray flexural rigidity on the propulsive forces generated by a biorobotic fish pectoral fin. Exp Biol 213:40434054
© Tobalske BW, Biewener AA, Warrick DR, Hedrick TL, Powers DR (2010) Effects of flight speed upon muscle activity in hummingbirds. J Exp Biol 213:2515-2523
¢ Turner LM, Young A, ROmpler H, Schoneberg T, Phelps S, Hoekstra HE (2010) Monogamy evolves through multiple
MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010
mechanisms: evidence from V1aR in deer mice. Mol Biol Evol 27:1269-1278
e Tytell ED, Borazjani I, Sotropoulos F, Baker TV, Anderson EJ, Lauder GV (2010) Disentangling the functional roles of morphology and motion in fish swimming. Inéegr Comp Biol 50:1140-1154
¢ Vignieri SN, Larson J, Hoekstra HE (2010) The selective advantage of cryptic coloration in mice. Evolution 64:2153-2158
¢ Vogt L, Bartolomaeus T, Giribet G (2010) The linguistic problem of morphology: Structure versus homology and the standardization of morphological data. Cladistics 26:301-325
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
¢ Vollmar A, Macklin JA, Ford LS (2010) Natural history specimen digitization: challenges and concerns. Biodzversity Informatics 7:93-112
e Warren WC, Balakrishnan CN, Backstr6m N, Edwards SV, et al (2010) The genome of a songbird. Nature 464:757-762
© Weber JN, et al (2010) Five hundred microsatellite markers for Peromyscus. Conserv Genet 11:1243-1246
Genomic imprinting imthe socialjbagin
Infesring Ydaptation at specific loci
Diversification of Gteater Antillean Anoles
¢ Weiser MD, Sanders NJ, Agosti D, Janda M eal (2010) Canopy and litter ant assemblages share similar climate-species density relationships. Biol Lett 6:769-772
¢ Weyl EG, Frederickson ME, Yu DW, Pierce NE (2010) Economic contract theory tests models of mutualism. Proc Natl Acad Sai USA 107:15712-15716
In the cover story of Evolution,
D. Luke Mahler, Jonathan B. Losos and colleagues published “Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles.” Mahler received the R. A. Fisher Prize for an outstanding
Ph. D. dissertation paper published
in Evolution.
¢ Willemart RH, Giribet G (2010) A scanning electron microscopic survey of the cuticle in Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones) with the description of novel sensory and glandular structures. Zoomorphology 129:175-183
¢ Wilson NG, Rouse GW, Giribet G (2010) Assessing
the molluscan hypothesis Serialia (Monoplacophora + Polyplacophora) using novel molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:187-193
e Wu, Jiang K, Hanken J (2010) A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotniton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of PR longhensis from western Hubei. Zootaxa 2494:45-58
¢ Wu Y, Wang Y, Jiang K, Hanken J (2010) A new newt of the genus Cynops (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian Province, southeastern China. Zootaxa 2346:42-52
¢ Wu Y, Wang Y Jiang K, Chen X, Hanken J (2010) Homoplastic evolution of external colouration in Asian stout newts (Pachytnton) inferred from molecular phylogeny. Zool Ser 39:9-22
¢ Yamaguchi A, Munoz MM, Bose TO, Oberlander JG, Smith S (2010) Sexually distinct development of vocal pathways in Xenopus laevis. Dev Neurobiol 70:862-874
¢ Zimkus BM, Rodel, MO, Hillers A (2010) Complex patterns of continental speciation: molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 55:883-900
¢ Zimkus BM, Schick S (2010) Light at the end of the tunnel: insights into the molecular systematics of East African puddle frogs (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae). Syst Biodivers 8:3947
Snr ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 93 a
Thom Sanger
Rowan Barrett
Annabel Beichman
Riva Riley
MCZ GRANT RECIPIENTS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-2011
Grants-In-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR)
These grants support research by Harvard undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ and Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the MCZ’s Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students and from HUH.
Recipient Faculty Sponsor __ Project Title Amount
Annabel C. Beichman | James J. McCarthy | The North Atlantic Right Whale Microbiome & Peter R. Girguis Project Joseph Brancale IV Arkhat Abzhanov Morphological analyses of beak dhsiaiaain in 2 800 the family Thraupidae
Andrew H. Chen N. Michele Holbrook | Ecology, taxonomy and adaptation of the invasive species Myoporum aff. laetum i int Pe California ;
Natalie L. Jacewicz Jonathan B. Losos Proposal to study feeding and mating behavior in Anolis lizards with diverse head shapes: a field study on Cayman Brac
Alexander M. Kim Gonzalo Giribet A phylogenetic survey of trans-Isthmian freshwater prawns: vicariance and ii invasion a - i the crossroads of the two Americas Vs
The pattern of caterpillar aggregation i in ae Saab mutualism
Julian Moll-Rocek N. Michele Holbrook | Logging and Brazil nut conservation ins : Amazonian Peru a hy a Linda Y. Pan Hopi E. Hoekstra Ontogeny of burrowing behavior in deer $2,060 mice (Peromyscus)
Riva Riley Saul Nava Effects of environment on learning in fi sh: a | study at Los Amigos field station
Hanny E. Rivera Robert M. Woollacott | Effects of micro-grazers on the larval recruitment and survival of the brooding coral Porites astreoides
Elizabeth K. Schold Scott V. Edwards Phylogeographical analysis of North — American Warbling Vireo Witee gis) ~ populations ;
Guo Xuan Teo Jacques Dumais Elucidating the “trap mechanism” of Porroglossum orchids
Grace X. Xiong George V. Lauder i i 1 : the sian fish, es chile 2 a ees Serena Y. Zhao Anne Pringle & Biodiversity of Laboulbeniales sae a E. Pierce
Bramieiapedesc yocr Awards
GRANTS
Putnam Expedition Grants
Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues fer unraveling evolutionary strategies.
Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount
Selection on genes in the wild: An $8,360 experimental approach to determine the influence of ecology on evolutionary
Maude Baldwin Ornithology Detecting sugar: functional and evolutionary | $3,760 studies of avian sensory perception - S _Mammalogy Diversity and adaptation in mouse $5,137 iQ ' burrowing behavior Scott V. Edwards Ornithology Diversification and phylogeography of Palearctic birds: an expedition to eastern Mongolia ——— isang sperm morphology in Peromyscus $5,706
Gonzalo Giribet Lil ea Zoology | Exploring the South African pettalid diversity | $6,474 - —
Uncovering the genetic architecture of Eadaiae local adaptation in forest deer
Martha Munoz
Taking advantage of a human introduction to study the genetics and behavioral significance of anole dewlap color
Martha Mufoz Herpetology The thermal ecology and evolution of Hispaniolan trunk-ground anoles (Squamata: Iguanidae) ee - Entomology How many bacteria are in canopy ants? $5,900 ; : Quantifying one solution to Tobin’s Paradox ai Yoel Stuart Herpetology Investigating the genetic basis of dewlap $5,140 color in Anolis distichus | Herpetology Modeling environmentally associated $6,450 morphological and genetic variation Jesse Weber Mammalogy Examining natural variation in oldfield mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) burrowing behavior
Sarah Kocher
Proposed expedition to survey the herpetofauna of Batéké Plateaux National Park in southwestern Gabon
Rowan Barrett
ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 = ———— AL REPORT 25
Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific
community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research using the MCZ’s collections.
Recipient Institutional Pe Nailitciiceyal
Aylin Alegre Instituto de Ecologia Barroso y Sistematica, Cuba
Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar | Harvard University
University of California, Davis
Julien Ayroles
Kevin W. Conway Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M
Bernice B. Michigan State DeMarco University
César G. Duran- Universidad Nacional
Barron Autonoma de México
Dimitri Forero University of California, Riverside
Martha Munro
James Herrera State University of New York, Stony Brook
Rowan Barrett
| Beichman
nave
Thom Sanger
SEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY waning 2 =—>-s
Project Title
Systematics of Biantidae, Thorell, 1879 and review of the incertae sedis Anamota Silhavy 1979 and Turquininia Silhavy 1979 in Cuba (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)
Uniting macroevolution and microevolution using deep fossil record: the zone of variability in the archosaur lineage
Taxonomic revision of the acrobat ant Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
Taxonomic revision of the New World clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Gobiesocinae)
Phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Aphaenogaster (Formicidae: Hymanoptera) in North America using morphology and DNA
Taxonomic review of Chrosiothes Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Monographing the bee assassins: Systematic revision of the assassin bug genus Apiomerus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
Species delineation in the subfossil lemur assemblage; how many species have gone extinct?
Amount
José Sebastian Museo Argentino de | Taxonomy of Telmatobius (Anura: $1,500 Barrionuevo Ciencias Naturales Ceratophrydae)
$1,500
$1,475
$1,180
Recipient
eo
Vivian E. Sandoval-
Institutional ad ke) (=104 a =)
Affiliation
. | University of Revision of the genus Phyliobaenus $1,500 Kentucky (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Hydnocerinae)
Systematics, biogeography and host plant
University of New South Wales, Australia
associations of the true bug subtribes Monaloniina and Odoniella (Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Dicyphini)
Taxonomic assessment of the ponerine ant genus Leptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Malagasy region, located at the MCZ
Taxonomic revision of minute tree-fungus beetles of the genus Xylographus Mellié, 1847 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidae: Ciidae)
Madagascar Biodiversity Center
Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Brazil
PNiileleiays
$1,200
$1,400 $1,500
Jon Sanders
Universidade de Sao | Study of Pompilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) | $540 Paulo, Brazil types deposited in the MCZ
Fabio Laurindo da Silva
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Brazil
Systematic and biogeography of Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chrinomomidae: Tanypodinae): a morphological and molecular approach
Revision of the New World Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Revision and phylogeny of the neotropical
$1,500 $1,250 subfamily Nycriborinae (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattellidae) Li gueire Universidade Federal | Taxonomic identity of Pristocera $1,500 nprogno do Espirito Santo, (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a Brazil
Tatyana Sergeyevna Russian Academy of | World revision of the genus Limnephilus $1,500 Vshivkova Sciences, Institute (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
of Biology and Soil
Sciences
$1,500
Michigan State University
University of Puerto Rico at Mayagtiez
Hanny Rivera
Riva Riley
Hanny Rivera
Sarah Kocher
27
Sa ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 SS <
Kris Snibbe
Farish Jenkins, Jr.
AWARDS & RECOGNITION
Emeritus
Edward O. Wilson received the BBVA Foundation’s 2010 Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the area of Ecology and Conservation Biology and the PEN New England Thoreau Prize. In the words of the BBVA prize jury, Wilson is “one of the most influential thinkers of our time, an exceptional biologist and a world-class natural historian.”
Faculty
Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., was elected a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences Class of 2011. Prof. Jenkins was also honored with a Harvard College Professorship, honoring his achievement in research activities, his excellence in undergraduate teaching and his contribution to advising and mentoring students.
James Hanken was elected to the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and was appointed to the Encyclopedia of Life’s Executive Committee.
Brian D. Farrell was named 2011-2012 Fulbright Scholar to the Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo. In addition to his research, he is building a laboratory and training local students in museum management techniques.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY eaten a a
Hopi E. Hoekstra was elected Vice President of the American Society of Naturalists.
Scott V. Edwards was elected President of the American Genetic Association and will also assume the presidency of the Society for the Study of Evolution in January 2012.
Gonzalo Giribet was named a distinguished visitor to Adelaide University and awarded a Visiting Professorship at the Capital Normal University in Beijing. He also became President of the International Society for Invertebrate Morphology and was elected Vice- President of the Spanish Malacological Society.
Naomi Pierce was among the ten people selected to be a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America. She was nominated for this honor by her students.
Jessica Cundiff
Staff
Jessica Cundiff, Curatorial Associate in Invertebrate Paleontology and Acting Curatorial Associate in Vertebrate Paleontology, received a Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Impact Award for “sustained superior performance and outstanding contributions.”
Breda Zimkus, Genetics Resources Facility Project Manager at the MCZ, received a grant from CollectionsWeb to work on “Developing best practices for genetic resource collections associated with traditional natural history collections.”
Miguel Landestoy
Postdocs
Frank Rheindt received a National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration Grant for the investigation of undescribed bird taxa on the island of Sulawesi.
Vera Domingues received the International
Travel Award from the Society for the Study
of Evolution.
Rowan Barrett’s work as a graduate student was recognized with the Governor General of Canada Gold Medal for the
most outstanding academic record in the graduating class for the doctoral degree. He also received the University of British Columbia Faculty of Science Prize and the Howard Alper Prize, given to the
top postdoctoral candidate in Canada.
a ee
Luke Mahler
Graduate Students
Luke Mahler has been awarded the 2011
R. A. Fisher Prize by the Society for the Study of Evolution. The prize is awarded for an outstanding Ph.D. dissertation paper published in the journal Evolution.
Dino Martins was named one of National Geographic’s 2011 Emerging Explorers. The award recognizes visionary young trailblazers who push the boundaries of discovery, adventure and global problem- solving early in their careers.
Hillery Metz was awarded a Summer Institute in Statistical Genetics Scholarship.
Prashant Sharma received 2" place prize for student presentation at the 18" International Congress of Arachnology.
Ricardo Godinez Moreno received a Harvard University Presidential Instructional Technology Fellowship to work in collaboration with EOL to develop a tree of life viewer to teach Harvard undergrads about tree thinking and evolution.
Congratulations to the following graduate students for predoctoral fellowships:
e Zachary Lewis, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, “A develop- mental understanding of lung loss in salamanders”
e¢ Emily Kay, NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, “Behavioral and genomic evidence for sexual isolation between two sister species of Peromyscus”
Dino Martins
e Maude Baldwin, NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, “Function and evolution of sweet taste receptors in birds”
e Jon Sanders, NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, “Functional ecology and evolution of an ant gut microbiome”
e Leonora Bittleston, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, “Comparing the defense of ant-associated plants by two mutualistic symbioses: Do ants and endophytes have antagonistic or complementary roles?”
Undergraduates
Joanna Larson ’11 received a 2011- 2012 Fulbright Grant for her research project “Decoding species complexes of amphibians and mammals in the mountains of Tanzania.”
Adam Clark ’11 was awarded the Thomas Hoopes Prize for his senior thesis, “Ant communities of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.”
HONORS
Se ANNUAL Report 2010-2011 <<
Cheryl Zook/National Geographic Society
29
FINANCIAL DATA
These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 2011.
Endowment includes the annual distribution from endowed funds, revenue generated from assets purchased through
endowments and endowed funds decapitalized per donor
request. Transfers include Harvard University-funded faculty
research, financial support for the Ernst Mayr Library and other Harvard-funded projects. Other Income comprises miscellaneous income from publications, royalties, sales and fees, and cost recovery from other MCZ-sponsored activities. Reserves represent carry-forward balances used to cover
an operating deficit. Overhead is funds paid from MCZ- based sponsored projects to cover associated facilities and administrative costs. It is shown as both income (Overhead Earned) and expense (Overhead Charged).
Income Nonfederal Transtore Other Sponsored Reserves 2% Income 1%
Revenue 3% 6%
Overhead Earned 5%
Gifts 1%
Federal Sponsored Revenue 14%
Endowment 68%
Income
Endowment $12,638,069 Federal Sponsored Revenue $2,639,998 Reserves $1,155,510 Overhead Earned $928,128 Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $507,704 Transfers $448,907 Gifts $154,250 Other Income $127,527 Total $18,600,093
20) MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY cermin —
Capital Projects include renovation of the MCZ Laboratories building for a cryogenics facility. Building expenses such
as maintenance, facility improvements and utilities are captured in the Space and Occupancy category. Operating Expenses consist of equipment purchases, supplies, consultant and conference fees, as well as annual subventions to the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (OEB) for administrative services. Support for MCZ-affiliated graduate students in OEB is included in Scholarships and Awards. Institutional Expenses fund other FAS and University initiatives and provide general operating support for the Harvard Museum of Natural History.
Expenses and Non-Operating Funds
Scholarships phn Institutional
0 Charged 5% & Awards 2% Capital g : Expenses Capitalized per pie 1
Donor Request 0% 1%
Space & Occupancy 9%
Operating Salaries & Fringe
Expenses 22% Benefits 47% Expenses Salaries and Fringe Benefits $8,803,949 Operating Expenses $4,005,603 Institutional Expenses $2,614,310 Space and Occupancy $1,698,761 Overhead Charged (Sponsored) $928,128 Scholarships and Awards $341,635 Capital Projects $130,000 Capitalized per Donor Request $77,707 Total $18,600,093
Faculty-Curators
Andrew A. Biewener
Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology;
Director, Concord Field Station Scott V. Edwards ___ Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Ornithology
Brian D. Farrell
___ Professor of Biology; Curator of Entomology Gonzalo Giribet
Professor of Biology; Curator of Invertebrate Zoology
| James Hanken
Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz : Professor of Zoology; Curator of | Herpetology; Director, MCZ Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Mammalogy
Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.
Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology
George V. Lauder
Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant
Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Curator
of Ichthyology
_ Jonathan B. Losos
Monique and Philip Lehner Professor
for the Study of Latin America; Curator Hi
James J. McCarthy — of Biological Oceanography; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography; Acting Curator of _ Malacology
Naomi E. Pierce Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Professor of Biology; Curator of Entomology _ Robert M. Woollacott Professor of Biology; Curator of Marine
_ Emeritus Faculty Kenneth J. Boss _ Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; _ Professor of Biology, Emeritus AW. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Herbert W. Levi urator, Emeritus; Alexander iz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus chard C. Lewontin
of Biology, Emeritus; “Alexander — Professor of Zoology,
orary Curator in Entomology;
10 University Professor, Emeritus Postdoctoral Fellows, Research Associates & Visiting Scholars Miguel Alcaide __ Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Adam Algar
Herpetology, Losos Lab Bei An
Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Sonia Andrade Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Marco Archetti Entomology, Pierce Lab
Allison Arnold-Rife Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Sarah Ayroles Entomology, Pierce Lab
Niclas Backstrom Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Rowan Barrett Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Gilberto Neves Bento Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Rose Carlson
Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo Entomology, Pierce Lab
Ronald Clouse Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Thomas Devitt Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Vera Domingues Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Rodney Eastwood Entomology, Pierce Lab
Marianne Espeland Entomology, Pierce Lab
Heidi Fisher Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Brooke Flammang Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Matthew Fujita Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Lliana Medina Guzman Herpetology, Losos Lab
David P. Hughes Entomology, Pierce Lab
Carlos Infante Herpetology, Losos Lab
Milan Janda Entomology, Pierce Lab
Daniel Janes
Ornithology, Edwards Lab Juan Junoy
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Gisele Kawauchi Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Jason Kolbe Herpetology, Losos Lab
Daniel Kronauer Entomology, Pierce Lab
Jan Kruyt Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Clemens Kupper Ornithology, Edwards Lab
David Lentink Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Matthew Lim
Entomology, Pierce Lab
Huai-Ti Lin
Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Catherine Ramsay Linnen Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Mark Liu Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Marta Lopez-Darias Herpetology, Hanken Lab
David Lubertazzi Global Ant Project, Wilson Lab
Ricardo Mallarino Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Marie M. Manceau Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Maria de Boef Miara Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Gabriel Miller Entomology, Pierce Lab
Ryutaro Miyagi Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Gerard Talavera Mor Entomology, Pierce Lab
Carlos Moreno Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Sergio Taboada Moren Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Jerome Murienne Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Marta Novo Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Akiko Okusu Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Terry Ord Herpetology, Losos Lab
Chris Organ Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Brant Peterson Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Nadine Piekarski
Herpetology, Hanken Lab Yu-Ping Poh
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Frank Rheindt
Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Ana Riesgo
Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Alicia Rodriguez Perez-Porro Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Thomas Sanger Herpetology, Losos Lab
Andrew Shedlock Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Serafino Teseo Entomology, Pierce Lab
Varpu Vahtera Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Sacha Vignieri Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Joseph Martins Visitacao Entomology, Pierce Lab
MCZ PERSONNEL
Ian Wang Herpetology, Losos Lab
Johanna Wegener Herpetology, Losos Lab Li Wen
Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Dean Wendt Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab
Christopher Wills Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Katharina Wollenberg Herpetology, Losos Lab
Alexander Ziegler Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Breda Zimkus Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Graduate Students Christopher Baker Entomology, Pierce Lab
Maude Baldwin Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Leonora Bittleston Entomology, Pierce Lab
Erin Blevins Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Shane Campbell-Staton Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Glenna Clifton Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Mark Cornwall Entomology, Pierce Lab
Nicole Danos Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Amanda Evans Entomology, Farrell Lab
Ricardo Godinez Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Vanessa Gonzalez Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Patrick Gorring Entomology, Farrell Lab
Alexis Harrison Herpetology, Losos Lab
Emily Jacobs-Palmer Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Collin Johnson Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab
Zofia Kaliszewska Entomology, Pierce Lab Emily Kay
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Eunsuk Kim
Entomology, Pierce Lab Evan Kingsley Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Christopher Laumer Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Zachary Lewis Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Jeanette Lim Ichthyology, Lauder Lab
Luke Mahler Herpetology, Losos Lab
MCZ PERSONNEL
Dino Martins
Entomology, Pierce Lab
Hillery Metz
Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Talia Moore
Herpetology & Concord Field Station, Losos & Biewener Labs
Lynne Mullen Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Martha Munoz Herpetology, Losos Lab
Ivo Ros Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab
Elizabeth Sefton Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Prashant Sharma Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
oel Stuart Herpetology, Losos Lab
Wenfei Tong Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Sebastian Velez Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab
Jesse Weber Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab
Yunke Wu Herpetology, Hanken Lab
Xuemai Zhai Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab
Associates
Bruce Archibald Associate of Entomology Simon Fraser University
Aaron Bauer Associate of Herpetology Villanova University
Reinier Beeuwkes, III Associate of Zoology Ischemix Company
Andrew Berry Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University
Elizabeth Brainerd Associate of Ichthyology Brown University
Donald S. Chandler Associate of Entomology University of New Hampshire
Jae Choe Associate of Entomology Ewha Womans University
Janet Collett Associate of Population Genetics University of Sussex
Bruce Collette Associate of Ichthyology National Marine Fisheries Service
David Bruce Conn Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Berry College
James Costa \ssociate of Entomology Western Carolina University
Catherine Craig Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard University
Harlan Dean Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard University
Lloyd Demetrius Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University
Philip DeVries Associate of Entomology University of New Orleans
Gregory D. Edgecombe Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Natural History Museum, England
Ben Evans Associate of Herpetology McMaster University
Richard Glor Associate of Herpetology University of Rochester
Kelvin A. Guerrero Associate of Entomology Systematic Entomologist/ Environmental Consultant
Michael Hadfield Associate of Marine Biology Kewalo Marine Laboratory
Anthony Herrel
Associate of Herpetology Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
Berthold Holldobler Associate of Entomology University of Wurzburg
Gustavo Hormiga Associate of Invertebrate Zoology George Washington University
Alan Kabat Associate of Malacology Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel
Leslie S. Kaufman Associate of Ichthyology Boston University
Timothy Laman Associate of Ornithology National Geographic
Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau Associate of Entomology
Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo
Phillip Lobel Associate of Ichthyology Boston University
David Lohman Associate of Entomology Harvard University
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Associate of Entomology Russian Academy of Sciences
Duane McKenna Associate of Entomology University of Memphis
Russell Mittermeier Associate of Herpetology Conservation International
William Montevecchi Associate of Ornithology Memorial University of Newfoundland
Piotr Naskrecki Associate of Entomology Conservation International
Martin Nweeia Associate of Mammalogy Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Michele Nishiguchi Associate of Invertebrate Paleontology New Mexico State University
Diane B. Paul Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University
David L. Pawson
Associate of Marine Biology Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Stewart Peck Associate of Entomology Carleton University
Paulo Petry Associate of Ichthyology The Nature Conservancy
Steve Poe Associate of Herpetology University of New Mexico
Michael Rex Associate of Malacology University of Massachusetts, Boston
Jury Rudyakov Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard University
Chris Schneider Associate of Herpetology Boston University
Andrea Sequeira Associate of Entomology Wellesley College
Scott R. Shaw Associate of Entomology University of Wyoming
Navjot Sodhi Associate of Ornithology National University of Singapore
Joel Sohn Associate of Ichthyology Golden Mountain Trading Company
Stephen Tilley Associate of Herpetology Smith College
James Traniello Associate of Entomology Boston University
David Wagner Associate of Entomology University of Connecticut
David Wake
Associate of Herpetology University of California, Berkeley Marvalee Wake
Associate of Herpetology University of California, Berkeley Philip S. Ward
Associate of Entomology University of California, Davis
Jacqueline Webb Associate of Ichthyology University of Rhode Island
R. Haven Wiley Associate of Ornithology University of North Carolina
Cheryl Wilga Associate of Ichthyology University of Rhode Island
Judith Winston Associate of Marine Biology Virginia Museum of Natural History
Staff
Emily Aker Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Adam Baldinger Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Zoology & Malacology
Dorothy Barr Public Services/MCB Liaison Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library
Daniel Belich Reference Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library
Penny Benson Curatorial Assistant, Malacology
Constance Brichford Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Ronnie Broadfoot Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr Library
Dahlia Bursell Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Christopher Carden Cataloger, Biodiversity Heritage Library
Margaret Carayannopoulos Financial Officer
Paul Chaikin Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Flavia Chen Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology
Judith Chupasko Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy
Sarah Cohen Collection Assistant, Malacology
Stefan Cover Curatorial Assistant, Entomology
Nicholas Crawford Herpetology, Losos Lab
Jessica Cundiff Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology
Susan DeSanctis Serials Acquisitions Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library
Joseph DeVeer Head of Technical Services, Ernst Mayr Library
Samantha Edelheit Faculty/Collection Assistant, Malacology; Editorial Assistant, MCZ Publications
Katherine Eldridge Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology
Anne Everly Research Assistant, Herpetology
Charles Farnum Curatorial Assistant, Entomology
Helene Ferranti
Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology Dana Fisher
Assistant to the Librarian/Special Collections, Ernst Mayr Library
Jacqueline Ford Library Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library
Linda S. Ford
Director, Collections Operations
Miyako Fujiwara
Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Sonia Gandiaga
Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Brendan Haley
Senior Database Manager
Karsten Hartel Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology
Kathleen Horton Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology
Amie Jones Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology
Maureen Kelly IT Specialist, Biodiversity Informatics Richard Knecht
Collection Assistant, Invertebrate Paleontology
Petra Kubikova Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology
Laura Leibensperger Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology
Lisa Litchfield Administrator, Concord Field Station
Mara Lyons
Faculty/Collection Assistant, Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology Joseph Martinez
Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Jessica McConnell
Collection Assistant, Ichthyology
Christopher Meehan Laboratory Technician, Entomology
Jessica Mitchell
Intern, Ernst Mayr Library
Juri Miyamae
Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
Paul Morris
Biodiversity Informatics Manager
Robert Morris IT Specialist, Biodiversity Informatics
Katherine Mullen Library Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library
April Mullins Acquisitions and Technology Specialist, Ernst Mayr Library
Catherine Musinsky Faculty/Collection Assistant, Mammalogy
John Nevins
Laboratory Systems Manager for Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology
Somer O’Brien
Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station
Mark Omura Curatonal Assistant, Mammalogy
Philip Perkins
Curatorial Associate, Entomology Alison Pirie
Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ornithology © Mammalogy
Pedro Ramirez Research Assistant, Concord Field Station
Murat Recevik Curatorial Assistant, Malacology
Mark Renczkowski Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Paleontology
Constance Rinaldo Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library
Alana Rivera Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations
José Rosado Curatorial Associate, Herpetology
Mary Sears Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Library
Diane Sheridan Faculty/Collection Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology
Ingrid Soltero Research Technician, Ornithology
Margaret Starvish Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology
Robert Stymeist Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology
Christopher Sussman Data Assistant, Collections Operations
Tsuyoshi Takahashi Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Collections Operations
Jennifer Thomson Faculty/Collection Assistant, Populations Genetics
Diana Tingley Turmenne Curatonal Assistant, Collections Operations
Jeremiah Trimble Curatonal Associate, Ornithology
Van Wallach Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology
= Mcz PERSONNEL 3 2044 118 701 085
Catherine Weisel Museum Projects Coordinator
Ken Wilcox Building Superintendent, Concord Field Station ictoria Wilke Curatonal Assistant, Collections Operations
Andrew Williston Curatonal Assistant, Ichthyology
Jonathan Woodward Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Collections Operations
Melissa Woolley Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology
Robert Young Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library
Breda Zimkus Project Manager for Genetic Resources
Harvard Undergraduate Staff
Sarah Al-Naggar Ernst Mayr Library Victor Ban
Ernst Mayr Library
Ilsoo Cho
Ernst Mayr Library Carly Cohen Ernst Mayr Library Benjamin Cox Ernst Mayr Library
Zachary Herring Ornithology, Edwards Lab
Tamanna Hossin Entomology, Pierce Lab Henry Huberty Ernst Mayr Library Olakunle Komolafe Ernst Mayr Library
Lauren Libby Entomology, Pierce Lab
Caroline Mchugh Entomology, Pierce Lab
Kimberly O’ Donnell Ernst Mayr Library
Encyclopedia of Life, Learning + Education Group Tracy Barbaro
Project Coordinator
Jeffrey T. Holmes Digital Learning Editor
Marie M. Studer Learning + Education Project Director
Administration for the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Krista Carmichael
Sponsored Research Administrator
Rebecca Chetham Director of Administration
Irv Dumay Building Manager
Paul Dwyer Mail Clerk
Jeannette Everritt Administrative Coordinator Jason Green
Financial Assistant Stephanie Hillsgrove Financial Assistant
Philip Norton Building Services Coordinator
Christopher Preheim Academic Programs Coordinator
Damari Rosado Assistant Director of Administration
Anna Salvato Manager of Financial Operations
Deborah Smiley Web Project Manager
Geoff Tierney Senior Financial Officer
Laura Tomaino Human Resources Coordinator
Angel Velarde
Financial Assistant
Ellen Wilkin
Financial Assistant
The MCZ’s charter, signed in 1859, mandates that the Museum’s activities will be overseen by a governing board, the Faculty of the Museum of Comparative Phere) [ele \\A
|B) Arve) a)al Dm @xe) ali ¢-le) =) Mr. Robert G. Goelet Mr. George Putnam, Jr.
Mr. George Putnam, III Dr. Barbara Jil Wu Mr. Paul J. Zofnass
President Drew Gilpin Faust
Acknowledgements
This annual report was produced by the Office of the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Editors:
James Hanken, Director Catherine Weisel, Museum Projects Coordinator
Copy, Design & Production: Cyndi Wood
Creative Project Management, Inc.
www. creativeprojectmgmt.com
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138
617.495.2460 www.mcz.harvard.edu