Ms Perens YY; ee: itsesddiliiididdiéthdibea Cihadldbddddddddlsihiphiigtliididudidibdd Jit cipidddidiiisilddtidsidssssaddbdidisisidstsisssiisddiddididstiisstispds itd gatihdtitit tina tbitiy hpddiNtdhdiadd dtd kighd LALLEAELES: Abhi halal lta hth: ncn uapdbisdadtsdlfadstdbddidlatdtttl bates GLEE SE. Z Ghdbdhddds iihidltdibdaaihdadsiattdd tehhtihctilibddidedapiidsdttddladtsdadssiiaddidiam tide sbiddidedisadidididdiddcilaidittin atts tedtsabl sts tS ADELE ALAA CAA , s SELLE: Z ie, GLUES ti Yo 2 i y ey GILL YTS CAA wo pug eddepocg a : : DI EE a ) . e ~e witty st . eR CAE CEA ALE A RROLL ECOL LAME RANA CURARALSESEARSAAALARARANARARNAANAAR ARRAS ARAN AAAS RAE LA et = Pata on eles aie eee ae ee Ds. done ger : fit SEN a New York State Education Department NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM | 6oth ANNUAL REPORT 1906 VOLS 1 {| REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 AND APPENDIXES 1-4 TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JUNE 26, 1907 if } 203L45 / a i ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 1908 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1913 WHITELAW Rerp M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor 1917 St Cratr McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chan- cellor oI ar era Mee RT yc 1919 DanteL BeacuH Ph.D. LL.D. 1914 Priny 1. SExTongele Bei: 1OL2) 2 GuILFORD SMa Vien (CoE; Le Dy eae 1918 Wititiam NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. . I91I0 CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. 1915 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. I91I1 EpwArD LAUTERBACH M.A. LL.D. 1909 Eucene A. Puitpin LL.B. LL.D. 1916 Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. Commissioner of Education ANDREW S. Draper LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. First Assistant Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant New York Brooklyn Watkins Palmyra Buffalo Syracuse New York Albany New York New York Plattsburg Aucustus S. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Third Assistant Director of State Library Epwin H. Anperson M.A. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M. Crarxe Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, HARLAN H. Horner B.A. Attendance, JAMES D. SULLIVAN Educational Extension, WILLIAM R. EastMAN M.A. M.L:S. Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOcK B.S. LL.D. Inspections, FRANK H. Woop M.A. Law, THomas E. Finecan M.A. School Libraries, CHARLES E. FitcH L.H.D. Statistics, Hrram C. CASE Visual Instruction, DELANcEy M. ELtis Sct OF NEW YORK No. 68 IN ASSEMBLY JUNE 26, 1907 both ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM To the Legislature of the State of New York We have the honor to submit herewith, pursuant to law, as the 6oth Annual Report of the New York State Museum, the Bepoere or the Director, including the reports of the State Geologist and State Paleontologist, and the reports of the State Entomologist and the State Botanist, with appendixes. St Crain McKEeLway Vice Chancellor of the Untversity ANDREW S. DRAPER Commissioner of Education CONTEN IES VOLUME 1 Report of the Director 1906 PAGE Entroduction :\.%'5 Fos sat Pan eee aoe cae a ete ee 5 I Condition of the scientific collections constituting the State Museum 6 It} Reportvon the geological-sutviey se 470 eee 8 Geological survey jf... 8.08: Fee ee ce ee eee 8 Mineralogy oaoe'. ai ce cee & oo albie arsterst ich coe lesa anon re eee oe 25 Earthquake records... 2. :icaee eed rc eee ee 29 Emmestome caverns of eastern News York. os. eee 32 Paleontology vo. 9 2s ibek 6 Aue ee ee eee 52 Special problems; ..:%77..:... AEN Sea Waethaste ae hea: bua ld cere Wacale Lat Ret ee 58 IIT Report of the*State’ Botanist 422.032 tos ee ee 63 IV Report oftire State Entomolocistareeaneeese _yanialg ace Gi ee ene eae 66 V Report on the zoology section... 2c. eee ee eee 70 VI Report on thearcheologyssection eae eee ee 78 VIL Publications: “oos25 2) e oa en ne ee oe eee 80 VIII Statfot the Science Division and’ Stare Winseumi ate. so ee ceo TX ACCESSIONS S ssc: eh Sak sake HS eee Re eat ets SHI aT ee es 890 X “Appendixes 2.0... voir eee oars eee tele arene ee oie pete, Or ee 119 A Localities oi Amenricanm Paleozoic fossil Sees eres 119 B Type specimens of Paleozoic fossils. Supplement 3.......... 125 | 6 (6 (=>. can ee eee oe nn MEEE esi a Ur oa NG arog ocee ce 179 Appendixes 1-4 Museum bulletins 112, 114, 118, 109, I10, II0 1 Economic geology 16 (112) Mining and Quarry Industry 1906. D. H. NEwLanp 2 Paleontology 17 (114) Rochester and Ontario Beach Quadrarigles. C. A. HARTNAGEL 18 (118) Portage and Nunda Quadrangles. J. M. CLarxe, D. Dana LUTHER & H. L. FAIRCHILD 3 Entomology 27 (109) Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. E. P. Fett 28 (110) 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. E. P. FELt 4 Botany 10 (116) Report of the State Botanist 1906. C, H. Peck CONTENTS VOLUME 2 Appendix 5 Museum bulletins 107, 111, 115 5 Geology 12 (107) Geological Papers. J. B. WoopwortH, C. A. HARTNAGEL, H. P. Wuittocx, G. H. Hupson, J. M. Clarke, Davip WHITE & C. P. BERKEY 13 (111) Drumlins of Central Western New York. H. L. FAIRCHILD 14 (115) Long Lake Quadrangle. H. P. CusHING VOLUME 3 Appendix 6 Museum bulletins 108, 113, 117 6 Archeology 12 (108) Aboriginal Place Names. W. M. BEAUCHAMP 13 (113) Indian Councils and Ceremonies. W. M. BEAUCHAMP Iq (117) Frie Indian Village and Burial Site. A.C. PARKER VOLUME 4 Appendix 7 Museum memoir 9 Early Devonic of New York and Eastern North America. J. M. CLARKE VOLUME 5 Appendix 7 (continued) Museum memoir to Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations. C. R. EASTMAN New York State Education Department Science Division, December 20, 1906 Pon, Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith my Third Annual Report as Director of the Science Division, for publication as the introductory portion of the 60th Annual Report of the State Museum. Very respectfully JoHn M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication this 22d day of December 1906 NA Rie Commissioner of Education New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. CrarKe, Director THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE SCIENCE DIVISION INCLUDING THE souk PORT OF THE STATE MUSEUM THE eon REE ORL OF THE SEATE GEOLOGIST AND THE REPORT OF THE STATE PALEONTOLOGIST FOR 1906 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 MERODUCTION. This is a report on all the scientific activities under the. charge of the Education Department and the Regents of the University, as they have progressed during the fiscal year 1905-6. It con- stitutes the 60th annual report on the State Museum and is intro- ductory to all the scientific memoirs, bulletins and other publications issued from this office during the year mentioned. Under the action of the Regents of the University (April 26, 1904) the work of the Science Division is “ under the immediate supervision of the Commissioner of Education,” and the advisory committee of the Board of Regents of the University having the affairs of this division in charge are the Honorables: T. Guilfcrd Smith LL.D., Buffalo; Daniel Beach LL.D., Watkins; Lueian LL. Shedden LL. B., Plattsburg. 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The subjects to be presented in this report are considered under the following chapters: I Condition of the scientific collections II Report on the Geological Survey, including the work of the State Geologist and Paleontologist, of the Mineralogist and that in Industrial Geology III Report of the State Botanist IV Report of the State Entomologist V Report on the Zoology section VI Report on the Archeology section Vil Publications of the year VIII Staff of the Science Division and State Museum IX Accessions to the collections X Appendixes: A New entries on the general locality record of the paleontological collections; B Additions to the catalogue of types of paleozoic fossils XI Appendixes (to be included in subsequent volumes) ; all the scientific publications of the year. I CONDITION. OF THE SCIENTIFIC COLERCTIONS cer STITUIMING Gee Sais Vie Sie Each year brings new, problems and the efforts at their solution important acquisitions to the collections. The past year, planned for the continued prosecution of work already under way in many lines, has brought to light some extraordinary developments leading to unusual activity both in field and office. These are specially re- ferred to in subsequent chapters. The disposition of the valuable scientific materials accruing therefrom has become a serious problem. In my report of last year reference was made to the incursion upon our collection rooms in the Geological Hall by the Commissioner of Agriculture and his large staff of assistants. The resulting situation, not to be avoided on account of the demands of public business, in- volved serious curtailment of space available for our use and neces- sitated the packing away of the entire collection of State minerals and closing to the public the exhibition in economic geology and some part of the collections in ornithology. This cramped and constrained condition applies to all our quarters in every department of our work and only the contemplation of new and ample space, the growing tangible hope of a building adapted to the importance and scope of THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 Ti our work helps to palliate the existing situation and make our present embarrassments endurable. The most telling event of the year in this division of the work of the State, that most fraught with gratification for the present and significance for our future development, is the action of the last Legislature in making the preliminary appropriations for a building to embrace and provide for the State Museum and its attendant offices. Our appeals to the Legislature for this end began more than 20 years ago, and for all this long time we have labored under con- stantly growing disadvantages and embarrassments. The event how- ever obliterates past discomfort and reconciles us to the present con- dition which must perforce grow still more constrained until the relief arrives. As a matter of record the present distribution of the scientific collections is here restated. A Geological Hall. Here are the offices of the State Botanist with the herbarium, of the State Entomologist with the collections of insects, of the Assistant State Geologist, the Mineralogist and the Zo- ologist. These office quarters have unavoidably displaced a very con- siderable part of the collections, as the first two officials named were formerly located in the Capitol and the other offices were on the first floor and in the basement so far as they existed at all. Here are also the workrooms of the Archeologist and Taxidermist. There is an exhibition of zoologic material occupying the fourth or top floor, of rocks and fossils filling such part of the third floor as is not occupied for offices, and all the second floor; the collections in in- dustrial geology and mineralogy and a considerable part of those in ornithology are now stored in the old lecture room. In the basement and cellar are stored in boxes all the collections which have won grand prizes and gold medals at the recent expositions at Buffalo and St Louis. DBeetate Hall. Whe offices of the Wirector, Geologist and Paleontologist and his staff are in this building, which also contains the most valuable part of the large paleontologic collections of the Museum. These are stored in several thousand drawers and boxes. In the basement is the extensive rock-cutting plant and machine shop. Within recent years three of these offices have been sur- rendered to the Corporation Tax Bureau and one basernent room to the State Engineer. C Capitol. The corridors on the fourth floor at the western end and the landing of the western stairway contain a series of cases filled with such part of the archeologic collections as can now NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM OO be displayed. Additional specimens pertaining to this collection are displayed in the State Library and many others are packed away for future exhibition. D Storage house (McCredie malthouse). In this building are stored many hundreds of boxes and cases of scientific specimens of various kinds, some of which have not been opened in a half century, others containing the materials recently acquired which after being studied have had to be put away. — Flint Granite Co., Cemetery station. Here are stored some very large slabs of fossils having a total weight of upwards of 20 tons. F Property of Joseph L. Verstrepen, north side of Delaware street between Swan and Dove streets, Albany. Here are stored about 2 tons of slabs bearing fossil sponges from the Che- mung group at Bath, N. Y. It will be entirely evident from the foregoing statements that access to the scientific collections is now practically inhibited. Con- ditions permit little else than the opening of the material as it comes into the office from the field, unpacking, studying and repacking for storage, to the disadvantage of any one, student or visitor, who may desire to examine such collections. This situation it is the hope of the present and the realities of the future to remedy. These existing circumstances have entirely failed to impair the zeal for acquisition or the quality and quantity of accessions to the collections. The annual additions to the State Museum are very large. This year they have been exceptional in quality and volume. For the most part these, irrespective of quality, are for the time being under eclipse in the vaults of the storage house. II REPORT ON THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, INCLUDING THE WORK OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST ak. PALEONTOLOGIS®, OF THE MINERAROGIS® AND THAT ON INDUSTRIAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Areal geology The plotting of the rock geology by quadrangles has proceeded as in the previous few years with reasonable celerity and substantial progress. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1900 9 Central and western New York. For the sedimentary rock region of central and western New York the publication of the Buffalo, Penn Yan and Hammondsport sheets has been completed and the Rochester and Ontario Beach sheets, to be issued as one, are printing. 3 The maps of the Ovid, Genoa and Morrisville quadrangles have been perfected and drawn and the field work has been done on the Geneva, Auburn, Nunda and Portage sheets. Some progress was also made on the Skaneateles and Phelps quadrangles. With the exception of the Morrisville and the Rochester-Ontario Beach maps, this work has been executed by Mr Luther. Farther east Mr Whitnall has completed the Cazenovia sheet which lies between the Morrisville area and the Tully quadrangle which latter was issued two years ago. The survey of the Syracuse quadrangle has been in charge of Prof. T. C. Hopkins who reports the work completed and the map ready for publication. With the completion of these quadrangles, added to those already issued in recent years in the adjoining region, the Canandaigua, Naples, Watkins, Elmira, Salamanca and Olean quadrangles, we are able to present in detail the geological structure of an extensive area with an east-west length of 120 miles and reaching from Lake Ontario to the Pennsylvania line. This is a region largely of De- vonic rocks developed in their most characteristic and typical American expression, hence we now have the entire thickness of this formation recorded in detail together with the variations east and west of the formational units and the paleontological contents. Included also in this area of close mapping are sections of the Upper Siluric in the Rochester and Syracuse regions and of the Lower Carbonic in the Olean and Salamanca districts. Schoharie and Cobleskill valleys. A very detailed map of this classical region in the Paleozoic rocks of New York has been issued during the past year, prepared by Professor Grabau and published in connection with his bulletin on the Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie Valley. The history of New York geology may be said to begin with this region and nowhere in the State are the Paleozoic rocks crowded together in so great variety and so characteristic development, nor is any part of the State more inviting to the student of geology, yet until now no adequate map of the region has existed. Theresa quadrangle. I last year reported the progress made by Professor Cushing in the mapping of this region. The region IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM is one where the early Cambric sediments overlapped the crystal- lines and have been scraped off therefrom in highly irregular fashion exposing the old rock floor, but leaving the sedimentary Potsdam sandstone in patches and outliers. The mapping here involves some- what more cautious procedure than is required in the regions pre- viously mentioned where it is known that the outcrops run in ap- proximately east and west lines. The larger part of the Theresa quadrangle is occupied by the Paleozoic rocks but in the northeast portion the Potsdam sandstone is in the process of being stripped away from the underlying crystallines, thus affording opportunity for studying the topography of the ancient rock surface on which the Potsdam sediments were laid down. This old sea floor was of the ridge and valley type, a form derived from erosion before its partial submersion beneath the sea. The ridges trend northeast and have altitudes of 100’ to 200’ above the valleys. The Potsdam sandstone has a maximum thickness of 200’ over the old valleys but on the higher ridges it was never deposited at all. The Precambric or crystalline rocks are the Granville series; recognized to be of sedimentary origin, and an amphibolite series, the latter badly cut into by a granite batholite. The Granville sediments disclose two main groups, a thick and pure limestone formation and a formation of thinner beds con- sisting of sedimentary gneisses, quartzites and limestone. All are repeatedly cut by dikes of igneous rocks chiefly of granite. The Potsdam sandstone has its usual quartzose character and is overlain by a thickness of about 100’ of thin bedded sandy dolomites with interstratified layers of coarse, brown and mottled sandstone. Both types of rock contain the characteristic brachiopod Lin- gulepis acuminata which is recognized as one of the index species of the Potsdam sandstone. The upper formation is, however, clearly differentiated from the typical Potsdam below and the Beek- mantown limestone above and it is therefore being mapped as a separate formation. | The later and overlying limestone occurs in the southern portion of the quadrangle but the boundaries have not yet been fully determined. Long Lake quadrangle. The survey of this area in the heart of the Adirondack mountains has been completed and the report and map are in course of publication. Valcour island. In the report of last year there was reference to the progress made by Prof. G. H. Hudson in the survey of THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1900 Tl Valcour island, Lake Champlain. It has been the purpose to make the study of this interesting isolated area more than a discrimina- tion of its rock formations. Valcour island is a spot of singular attractiveness for its location and salubrity; it is equally inviting for the development and accessibility of its Lower Siluric rocks and fossils. The survey of this island is being carried out on a much larger scale than the uniform topographic maps, the contours being drawn at I foot intervals. These investigations have led to in- teresting paleontological discoveries which have furnished the basis of two papers by Mr Hudson already published in the Museum bulletins. fueiiands of the Hudson. Dr C: P. Berkey reports the completion of the areal survey of the crystalline rocks in the Tarry- town sheet and the extension of his investigations to the West Point sheet adjoining at the north. The region about Peekskill on the southern margin of the Highlands has proved so complicated struc- turally and-so incompletely differentiated stratigraphically that it was found advisable to defer the continuation of the mapping until these problems could be solved. With this purpose ‘in view the whole breadth of the Highlands has been examined, especially regions of critical importance close to the Hudson river. The following statements summarize the best established con- clusions from the investigations: I The oldest formation of the Highlands is a gneiss, provisionally designated the Highland gneiss and probably equivalent to the Fordham gneiss of the New York city district. 2 This gneiss is essentially a series of metamorphosed ancient sediments chiefly siliclous, now appearing as granite gneisses, quartzite schists, mica schists with occasional interbedded limestones and serpentinous beds. The whole series is abundantly interjected with sheets, stringers and dikes of igneous origin of many varieties and different dates. The most abundant types are granites and pegmatitic granites which are occasionally intruded in such large bodies as to form some of the most prominent ridges or mountains _ of the region. Such masses are Storm King and Breakneck Ridge. The older igneous intrusions are themselves sheared and recrys- tallized into gneissic structure. 3 At some places the gneiss-schist passes conformably and gradu- ally into a quartz-schist and even into a quartzite of no great thick- ness. This in turn is followed by a coarsely crystalline limestone of several hundred feet thickness and, allowing for its greater mobility i2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in the extreme folding it has undergone, seems to be essentially con- formable also to the underlying series. Conformably over this lies the great thickness of the mica schist which occurs abundantly in the region south of Peekskill to New York city. These are the equivalents of the Lowerre quartzite, Inwood limestone and Man- hattan schist of former reports. 4 In other places, and commonly on the northern border of the Highlands and in the Peekskill creek valley a similar succession lies with striking unconformity on the tilted gneiss or as sometimes happens, is so faulted as to have obliterated the original relationship. The series at such places, above the unconformity from bottom to top is: a fine quartzite, 300’ to 600’, a fine grained banded limestone, about 1000’, overlain by a great but unknown thickness of shales, slates, phyllites and shaly sandstones. ‘These series at the localities where their relationships are known are equivalents of the Cambric quartzites, Wappinger limestone and “Hudson River slates” of other reports relating to the district north of the Highlands. 5 It seems reasonable that these two types of occurrences rep- resent two wholly different sedimentary groups, one much the older and together with the older gneiss, forming a Precambric group; the other forming a Cambric to Lower Siluric group; the two separated from each other by a time interval of unknown value. The region has been diligently searched for a satisfactory contact of the upper members of the two series with each other but thus far without success. All members of the older series are injected with igneous masses, on the contrary the upper series is nowhere cut by any kind of eruptive except by the Cortlandt series which is the latest type in the entire region. 6 There is a series of faults of great displacement bordering the Highland belt both on the north and south, in the vicinities of Cornwall on the north and Peekskill on the south. This has allowed movements of considerable areas as blocks and accounts for much of the abruptness of the change along the southern margin especially from later sediments to older gneiss. This faulting is later than Lower Siluric and was accompanied by the Cortlandt igneous ac- tivity. No later geological deposits occur in the district except the drift. 7 All the larger stream valleys were in preglacial time eroded below the sea level. Some are filled with 200’ to 300’ of glacial drift. It is more than 375’ to bed rock in the Hudson river oppo- site Storm King. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 13 Surficial geology The field investigation of the glacial and postglacial geology of the State has been carried forward in the northern Hudson and Champlain valleys, in the Mohawk valley and in western New York. Most of this work is in direct continuation of operations already begun and in considerable measure reported. We have in press at this time reports by Professor Fairchild on the Glacial Waters of the Erie Basin, the Drumlins of Central-Western New York, and by Professor Woodworth on Postglacial Faults in Eastern New York; a further report by Professor Fairchild on the Later Glacial Waters of Central New York awaits publication. Schuylerville quadrangle. Reference was made last year to the inauguration of a survey of this special district by Prof. J. B. Woodworth and this work has now progressed to its completion. Cobblestone Hill beaches. This is a special investigation of a series of marine beaches in Clinton county executed by Professor Woodworth and now completed. Moraines of western New York. ‘The mapping of these features has been well advanced and will be prosecuted to com- pletion by Professor Fairchild. Shore lines of Lake Iroquois, and Pleistocene peaiged west of the Adirondacks. The examination and determination of these problems are in the charge of Professor Fairchild and are advanc- ing with adequate despatch. Pleistocene phenomena of the Lower Mohawk valley. Prof. A. P. Brigham has undertaken the mapping of the glacial deposits on the Amsterdam, Broadalbin, Gloversville and Fonda quad- rangles. Northville is near the north line of the district and Duanesburg and Sloansville are close to the southern boundary. Along the river the area extends from the Noses, to about Rotterdam Junc- tion. Thus the southern Adirondacks, the Mohawk valley and the northern parts of the Catskill Plateau are represented, and the study of the area will relate itself closely to the work accomplished by Prof. J. B. Woodworth and others in the Hudson valley. Most of the time at disposal has been given to mapping in detail and the formations have been thus delineated over the greater part of the Broadalbin quadrangle with beginnings on the three remain- ing quadrangles of the group. Marked diversity appears in the thickness of the drift mantle. Thus the deposits are unusually heavy in the immediate valley of I4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the Mohawk and southward to the escarpment of the sandstones rising above Minaville and Glen. Massive drift also extends from Galway and Hagadorns Mills westward by Broadalbin, and beyond Johnstown and Gloversville. South of this belt and north of the Mohawk river is a region of very sparse drift, due perhaps in large part to the Tribes Hill and Hoffman faults, and the consequent exposure of the uplifted areas to glacial abrasion. It has been noted in earlier writings that a Mohawk glacier moved westward or up the valley. Considerable new evidence in this direction has been found. ‘The topography is “linear” and the flutings have a conspicuous east by west trend. This appears on the contoured maps and even more strongly in the field. Within the field of the Mohawk glacier about a dozen new localities of striae were found. These range through the entire field north and south of the river and have an average westward trend. Several run n. 80° w. or 10° north of west. A few show trends south of west. Doubtless the western and southern limits of this lobe will be found outside of the quadrangles named. A separate movement is indicated for the Sacandaga valley about Northville and south and southwestward to Broadalbin and Gloversville. East and west of this much reduced area are bold spurs of the Adirondack Precambric, extending southward and forming the boundaries of what we may call the Sacandaga glacier. Here the movement was southward at Northville, becoming south- westward about Mayfield and there apparently confluent with the westward movement of the Mohawk lobe about Gloversville. The striae and drumlinoid hills confirm this conclusion as well as the trend of a considerable number of true drumlins found in the region about Gloversville and Johnstown. From a point to the eastward of Hagadorns Mills, a belt of sand hills extends westward and has thus fat been traced for a distance of 25 miles to a point at the summit of the Noses fault escarpment, west of Gloversville. Broadalbin is at the south base of this sand belt and the city of Gloversville is mainly built upon it. It is interpreted with reservation, as an interlobate moraine of the Mo- hawk and Sacandaga glacial lobes. Other groups of sand hills appear along the Sacandaga above Northville, below Edinburg and on the spur inclosed by the Sacandaga north of Northamp- ton. These belong to the recession of the Sacandaga glacier. In some instances the sands are kames and a number of sand plains decur which were accumulated within retaining walls of ice. Parts THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 15 of the belt are almost a desert waste and the winds to some extent have shifted the materials and obscured the glacial topography by the formation of dunes. Lake waters are indicated for the Mohawk valley up to the altitude of 460 feet approximate. The deposits in this body of standing water are conspicuous at Amsterdam, about Auriesville and westward from Fonda. ‘The shore lines will be traced and the genetic relations made a subject for further inquiry. Lake waters also occupied the Sacandaga valley from Northville southward over the great Vly which lies between Northampton and Mayfield. This body of water was apparently a glacial lake which was reduced to conditions approximating those of the present time, by the melting of the ice from the lower Sacandaga valley. Northville is at the head of an extensive delta whose deposits were built into these waters. It is held with confidence in view of the season’s studies, that the preglacial course of the Sacandaga was southward into the Mo- hawk near Fonda. In brief the reasons for this view are as follows. it was the natural course in view of the rapid base leveling of the sedimentary areas south of Northville, as compared with the re- sistant Adirondack spurs on the east and west. The drift above Gloversville and Johnstown is sufficiently heavy to form a barrier to the present issue of the waters in that direction. The rock floor of the Sacandaga is considerably lower at Northville than at Conklingville, and at the latter point the Sacandaga is constricted to a narrow gorge, within which the bed rock appears in the stream, conditions strongly suggesting that this was an ancient col from which short streams flowed toward the Sacandaga at North- ampton and the Hudson at Hadley. A hasty examination of the conditions of the Hudson about Hadley and Corinth leads to the belief that the Hudson suffered a similar diversion from the valley about Greenfield, to the present course toward Glens Falls. This hypothesis will be tested in the . coming season, when it is hoped to complete the mapping of the four quadrangles, affording a basis for a report in detail. Industrial geology Mines and quarries. The second of the series of annual bul- letins on the mineral industry of New York State was prepared by the Assistant State Geologist and published in June of the current year. The series was inaugurated for the purpose of placing before 10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the public in a timely manner authentic information as to the dis- tribution and economic utilization of our mineral resources. In addition to many details of new discoveries and developments, the recent issue contains a much fuller discussion of certain subjects than was given in the preceding volume. The statistics of produc- tion, likewise, have been amended, with the inclusion of returns for 1905. As a supplement to the text a list has been prepared of the individuals or firms which are actively engaged in mining and quarry operations. | There are about 30 different mineral materials occurring in the State, that have importance as a basis for commercial production, and the combined value of their product, according to the reports received last year, may be placed approximately at $35,000,000. This sum represents only a part of the actual wealth that accrues annually to the State from the exploitation of its mineral resources, since the first products upon which the valuation is calculated are susceptible of further elaboration and thus lend support to many manufacturing industries. Iron ores. The investigation of the iron ore deposits has received such attention as could be commanded. The field work in the Adirondack region has been carried into Essex, Washington and St Lawrence counties and the portion of Clinton county not covered during the season of 1905. Nearly all of the mines in this section have now keen visited and a large amount of material assembled for office study. It may be noted that exploration in the iron mines of this region has been active during the year, affording exceptional opportunities for collection of data on the geology and occurrence of the ores. Acknowledgment is due to those engaged in such enterprises for much valuable assistance. One of the more important districts which has been under inves- tigation is that of Hammondville, Essex co. These mines were very productive at one time and were prominent, as well, for the fine quality of their prodret. They were worked up to about 12 years ago when operations were discontinued owing to depressed market conditions. The deposits are now being tested by the diamond drill with the view to their reopening, should the results bé of sufficiently encouraging character. The ore is distributed in a number of bodies, varying from small bands or lenses to masses of notable size, within an acid gneiss which resembles the rock associated with the Mineville magnetites. An examination of the district has shown that the area occupied by the ore-bearing gneiss TAIRD SRE PORT OF: DAE” DIRECTOR 1900 173 is much more limited than had been supposed. The formations in the vicinity have been traced with considerable care and the results will be embodied in the forthcoming report. A small group of mines, including the Long Pond, Skiff and Schofield openings, on Skiff mountain south of Hammondville, were also visited. Near Crown Point and extending south toward Ticonderoga there are several deposits that have been worked at one time or another, but are now inoperative. Some of the principal ones are the Breed, Kent, Butler and Vineyard. The country rock is a basic variety of gneiss, usually banded and showing indubitable evidence of sedimentary derivation. The ores are generally rich, though there is more or less pyrite present as is frequently the case with ores occurring in rocks of this character. The Mt Defiance mine, just south of Fort Ticonderoga affords an interesting, if not uniqre, type of deposit among the iron mines of this section. The ore is a massive hematite filling a vertical fis- sure in gneiss. The walls on either side are crushed evidently by the movement which has produced the opening. Mixed with the ore there is a considerable amount of quartz and calcite. The occurrence is clearly to be ascribed to the circulation of under- ground waters. The reopening of the mine has been under con- sideration recently and an adit was started near the base of the mountain to afford access to the old workings, but has since been abandoned. The Fort Ann, Potter and Mt Hope deposits in Washington county and the ore bodies in the vicinity of Dannemora, Clinton co., were included in the field work of the season. On the western side of the Adirondacks, in St Lawrence county, are the Benson mines which are remarkable for their large size. Though at present closed down, they have been under energetic exploitation at different times during the last 20 years, and there is a possibility of restarting operations on a still larger scale. The deposits outcrop along the side of a ridge, offering unusual facili- ties for economical exploitation by open cast methods. The ore is magnetite distributed through a gangue of feldspar and quartz with an average tenor of about 35 per cent iron. By crushing and separation as was practised formerly a concentrate carrying above 6o0 per cent can be made. Several other magnetite deposits occur in this region, notably at Jayville, Fine and Clifton, and have been examined. They are — 19/4) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM much like the ore bodies found near Crown Point that have been mentioned as included in metamorphosed sediments, the ore being relatively rich but pyritic. An undertaking which may lead to important developments for the iron-mining industry has been initiated at Lake Sanford with reference to the great bodies of titaniferous magnetites in that vicinity. Situated in one of the remotest and wildest portions of the Adirondacks, the locality was sought out in the early part of the last century by pioneer iron workers who were attracted by the reported richness of the ore and the ease with which it could be obtained. Mining was begun soon after 1830. The ore was smelted in a small charcoal furnace and the product hauled by wagon to Lake Champlain for shipment. Apparently the first at- tempts at making iron from the unusual ore were successful, for operations were afterward expanded by the erection of a larger furnace and a settlement of some size grew up about the works. In 1858 the industry was abruptly discontinued owing to catses that have been variously explained. Since that time practically nothing has been done toward resumption of activity until the transfer of ownership, which took place recently, brought the property into the hands of experienced mining men. During the past summer a large amount of exploratory work with the diamond drill has been accomplished and the results have gone ahead of expectations, showing that previous estimates of the magnitude of the deposits must be greatly enlarged. The Lake Sanford ore body in particu- lar is of enormous size; the available resources within a short dis- tance from the surface exploitable by quarry methods, run up into the millions of tons. This ore carries from 50 to over 60 per cent iron’ and except for occasional Stringers 1s' quite iecen item moee Rich magnetite has been uncovered also in a new locality north of Calamity brook. The one drawback to the utilization of the ore is the presence of titanium, which characterizes deposits of this type associated with gabbros and anorthosites. It is hoped, how- ever, that some solution of the difficulty will be found whereby the ore will be marketable. Experiments with magnetic separation are said to have been successful in making a product with a low titanium content, and it is possible that a portion of the crude material might be used in mixture with ores from other districts. The issue of the present venture is awaited with interest. Field work was started in the hematite district of St Lawrence and Jefferson counties. In order to obtain a suitable base on which THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 19 to plot the geology of the mines it has been necessary to prepare a sketch map on a larger scale than any that has been published. The department cooperated in this work with the representatives of a mining company who had purposed making the survey for private use, and was thus able to secure the map at inconsiderable expense and labor. The general facts relating to geology have already been placed on the map, but owing to the lateness of the season, it was found impracticable to complete the investigation. The ores of this district are red and specular hematites, with an average iron content ranging from 40 to 65 per cent. A number of mines have been worked at one time or another and their output amounts to a very respectable total. The principal openings lie within an area from % mile to a mile or more in width, which be- gins a short distance from Antwerp, Jefferson co., and extends northeasterly into the town of Gouverneur, St Lawrence co., a dis- tance of about 5 miles. The marked linear distribution observable in the deposits is conditioned by the occurrence of the associated rocks in belts having a northeast-southwest strike. The important geologic formations comprise crystalline limestones, gneiss and thinly foliated schist, all of which have been upturned and probably closely interfolded, and which are capped at times by small areas of Potsdam sandstone with a strong unconformity at the base. Both the schist and limestone, and possibly the gneiss also, belong to a series of Precambric sediments that has been thoroughly meta- raorphosed and subjected to erosive influences through a long period previous to the deposition of the sandstone. ‘The schist seems to have had originally the character of a bituminous shale, for it contains much graphite evenly distributed throughout the layers, indicating an organic derivation for the mineral. There is some diversity in the occurrence of the individual ore bodies, though from a general standpoint, and particularly with respect to their @mein, they are all closely - related. This difference in the geologic surroundings is no doubt accountable for the many views that have been expressed by geologists who have studied them. At some localities where the Potsdam is present, the ores are gathered along the contacts with the underlying limestone or schist, and in such cases there is often apparent a transition phase with gradu- ation upward into the sandstone. This relation has been adduced in support of the theory that the ores are sedimentary, or at least have been derived from the sandstone. The relation is not con- stant, however, for in some mines the bodies of ore occur wholly by, 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM within the schists and the sandstone is entirely absent. Again the | existence of a peculiar rock resembling serpentine, in masses not unlike dikes has been emphasized by writers who would refer the ores to igneous sources, as it is known that serpentine generally owes its origin to alteration of basic intrusives. Still another ex- planation is based on the fact that bands of pyritic schist are found in close association with the deposits and involve the oxidation of. the pyrite and replacement of the limestone by the resulting iron oxids. While the present work has not been carried sufficiently far to warrant, as yet, a statement of the results in reference to the relations and origin of the ores, it is believed that a comprehensive investigation of the field, which has never before been undertaken, will throw much new light on these interesting problems. Field work on the Clinton hematite ores was undertaken by the Assistant in Economic Geology for the purpose of ascertaining more definitely the stratigraphic relations, areal distribution, variations in character and thickness of the deposits on different meridional sections along the outcrop. In passing eastward from Niagara Falls, the Clinton ore is first encountered near Rochester where the bed has a thickness of 14 inches. The ore here rests on beds of, green shale 24 tect arcs while the overlying formation is a hard limestone 14 feet in thick- ness. The same stratigraphic relations are found at Ontario, Wayne co., 17 miles east of Rochester, where the ore measures 22 inches. Mining operations have been conducted in that vicinity for many years and the line of workings extends about 5 miles, from a little north of Ontario village westward to Union Hill, near the Wayne-Monroe county line. The Furnaceville Iron Co. is now engaged in mining ore on its property just north of Ontario Center. The methods employed by the company, which consist briefly in the excavation of long trenches parallel to the line of outcrop, are economical and well adapted to the work. About 20 feet of soil and rock have to be removed before taking out the ore, steam shovels and derricks being used for the purpose. The Clinton ore was formerly mined near Wolcott, 25 miles east of Ontario. A furnace was in blast here as early as 1834, but has not been in operation since 1879. The ore was obtained at a locality 4 miles east of the furnace where the bed is said to be 30 inches thick, with 20 feet of overburden. The mines are now inac- cessible. Some ore was obtained also along Wolcott creek just below the furnace. The bed is here 14 inches thick, brt as it lies THIRD REPORT ‘OF THE DIRECTOR 1900 21 immediately beneath the surface soil a portion, no doubt, has been eroded away, and a thicker stratum could be secured in adjacent localities where the overlying rocks are still in place. The strati- graphic relations of the ore at Wolcott are not entirely clear. Ac- cording to Hall the ore does not lie in the same horizon with the - bed at Ontario, but at a higher one, and it has been suggested that two beds may be present though admittedly the two are not tound at any one place. The conditions so far as they have been ascer- tained indicate, however, the existence of a single bed which cor- responds stratigraphically to the ore at Ontario. At Sterling Station, Cayuga co., 10 miles northeast of Wolcott, the Fairhaven Iron Co. has recently begun mining the Clinton ore. The opening is close to the former workings of the Furnaceville Co. A section of the strata, made some distance back of the out- crop, shows the ore to be 36 inches thick, with overlying limestone 18 to 24 inches, shale 55 feet and soil 10 feet. From Sterling Station, the outcrop of the Clinton ore follows a direction somewhat south of east, approximately in the latitude of Oneida lake, but it can not be accurately delineated. For an inter- val of 55 miles there are no openings, the next being near Verona village where some mining was done in former years._ The bed here lies close to the surface and the region is quite flat. At Clinton, the type section of the formation, the ore outcrops on both sides of the Oriskany valley. The Franklin Iron Manufac- turing Co. and C. A. Borst have mines on the east side of the valley Which are now active. The principal bed and the only one at present worked is about 30 inches thick, of oolitic character. A lower bed from 6 inches to 1 foot thick separated from the upper by 2 feet of shale is sometimes present, and a nonoolitic bed, 5 feet thick, occurs 22 feet above the main bed with intervening limestones and shales. The Franklin Iron Co. smelts its product in a local furnace. The remaining output from this locality is sold to manu- facturers of mineral paint. From Clinton the ore can be traced eastward to the Sauquoit valley and has been worked at many points along the outcrop. The most easterly locality where mining has been carried on is nea: Washington Mills, directly south of Utica. The ore can be fol- lowed several miles farther in that direction, but it does not appear in sufficient strength to repay mining operations. In some of the eastern sections, it occurs at horizons higher than the beds at Clinton. A fine grained sandstone from 12 to 15 feet thick and carrying about 10 per cent iron is found in Herkimer county. to NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM i) From Ontario on the west, to Clinton on the east, the bounds of the outcrop of the ore beds that have workable dimensions, the dis- tance is 120 miles. If an average thickness of 20 inches is used as a basis for calculation, the quantity of ore available in each mile of cutcrop and an equal distance on the dip amounts in round figures. to 5,000,000 long tons. While there has not been sufficient explora- tion as yet to establish the continuity or the uniformity of the beds between many widely separated localities along the outcrop, yet no doubt can exist that the resources of the Clinton formation are enormous. Considering the remarkable expansion which the iron and steel industries have undergone recently, it seems not unlikely that before long these resources will be brought into more exten- sive utilization than has obtained at any period of the past. It is now of immediate importance that provision be made by the Legislature for the proper estimate under the supervision of the State Geologist of the volume and quality of this great ore body. The elements of uncertainty which must be eliminated before opera- tions for production can be intelligently begun are chiefly two: (1) the possibility of variation in thickness of this ore deposit along the dip; (2) local variations in the quality of the ore.. The dip of the ore bed and adjoining strata is slight, probably not in excess of an average of 50 feet to the mile, and due south, without perceptible variations east and west. It is not possible to determine at the out- crop whether the ore body will maintain its thickness, increase or diminish in and downward. Assuming that the underground con- dition is as favorable as the surface, mining for a mile in along the easy slope of the strata is entirely practicable. In order to ascer- tain the possibility of permanence or variation it is necessary to drill through the overburden at various points south of the line of outcrop. This procedure will serve to indicate favorable points for the sinking of shafts and to determine the thickness of the soil mantle which lies heavy over much of the region involved. Such borings should traverse the field in east and west series, one at a half mile from the outcrop, the other a mile therefrom and be placed at alternating intervals of not less than 5 miles. These determina- tions by boring must be supplemented by assays of the ore samples obtained at each boring or so far as that may be necessary. Assistance will be asked from the Legislature to carry out these operations. Sandstones. The investigation of the sandstones has been con- tinued and the field work has been carried into the region represent- THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 23 ing the Devonic rocks. This area covers approximately one third of the entire area of the State and quarries have been opened in all of the 25 counties of this area. The sandstone quarried is almost exclusively that which in the. trade is known as “ bluestone.’ The quarries opened in this district exceed 400 in number, the larger proportion being in the four counties of Ulster, Sullivan, Greene and Delaware. The area producing bluestone may be conveniently divided into three districts as follows: the Hudson river district, comprising Ulster, Greene and Albany counties; the Delaware river district, embracing Sullivan, Delaware and Broome counties; and the re- maining district comprising the counties of central and western New York, of which Chenango and Wyoming are the most im- portant. In the Hudson river district, the Devonic rocks are represented by areas of coarse sedimentation extending from the Hamilton to the Catskill formation, and quarries are operated in all the forma- tions. Many of the quarries are located on the steep sides of the foothills or on the slopes of the southern and eastern sides of the Catskills. In the quarries thus located the overburden soon be- comes so great that the quarry can not be worked far into the ridge. This disadvantage is, however, partly offset by working along the edge of the outcrop thus giving a long working face to the quarry. The quarries are located from 3 to 10 miles from the Hudson river. The product is hauled by teams to docks along the river, where it is shipped by water to various points.. The product of the quarries along the Ulster and Delaware is brought to Rondout by this railroad. The principal shipping stations are Catskill, Malden, Saugerties, Glasco and Rondout. A mill for dressing the _ stone is located at Rondout and the stone treated here is not only from the vicinity of Rondout, but from points farther up the river as well.. As a rule the producers are small ones who sell their product to dealers having docks along the Hudson river. In the Delaware river district there has been increased activity in the quarrying business during the past year. The valley of the Delaware is here a narrow one and the quarries are located on the steep hills rising from the river valley. The roads from the quarries to the railroad are in nearly every case so constructed as to be down grade or on the level all the way from the quarrv. As a tule, the quarries are larger than those of the Hudson river dis- trict and the equipment is better. The industry along the Delaware 24 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM river, which here marks the boundary line of the State, is intimately connected with that of Pennsylvania. At Parkers Glen, in Pike county, Pa., there is a mill for dressing stone and the rough ma- terial is supplied by both states. The quarries are located from 2 te 8 miles from the railroad and the chief shipping points along the Delaware in New York are Pond Eddy, Narrowsburg, Cochecton, Callicoon, Hankins, Long Eddy, Lordville, Hancock, Hale Eddy, and Deposit. The product from the quarries along the Delaware, as far north as Hancock, is all shipped by the Erie Railroad. Along the east branch of the Delaware river and Beaver creek, there are a number of quarries located on the line of the Ontario and Western Railroad. The chief shipping stations are Cadosia, Tylers switch, Fishs Eddy, East Branch, Trout Brook, Cook Falls, Roscoe and Livingston Manor. A mill for the treatment of the quarry product is located at Tylers switch. A new railroad is in course of con- struction from East Branch along the east branch of the Delaware river. As the stone is of good quality a number of operators are contemplating opening quarries along the line of this railroad. North from Cadosia the quarries in central Delaware county were visited. The principal quarries here are located in the vicinity of Walton. Westward from Walton is the Susquehanna valley. No large amount of bluestone is produced here. The quarries which are in operation are in the vicinity of Oneonta. West of the Susquehanna is the Chenango valley. The principal quarries here are located at Oxford and Norwich. The large quarry at Coventry is no longer in operation. The output of the quarries at Oxford and Norwich is mostly building stone of which a large amount is annually produced. The mill formerly located at Oxford has, during the past season, been moved to Nor- wich where the conditions are economically more favorable for quarrying. In western New York the most important quarries are located at Warsaw and Portageville in Wyoming county. Almost the entire product of these quarries is sold for building material. The rock of these quarries is softer than in eastern New York and channeling inachines are used to advantage. In addition to the above quarries in western New York, a num- ber were visited in the vicinity of Cayuga and Seneca lakes. A line of quarries in the Cashaqua division of the Portage extends from Ovid Center to Taughannock Falls. None of them is in steady operation at present. One quarry is being worked at Kings Ferry on Cayuga lake. The quarries at Ithaca were also visited. The THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 25 production here is mostly for local use. These quarries are in the Ithaca formation and those at Oxford and Norwich are of the Oneonta horizon. A brief visit was made to the quarries at Elmira. The quarries just to the east of Elmira, at Horseheads and at Pine Valley are in the High Point sandstone, one of the higher divisions of the Portage-Chemung. Those at Warsaw and Portageville also belong to the High Point or Portage sandstones. Quarries in the Chemung formation have been opened to the south of Elmira and in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties, but they have not been examined in detail. —_ MINERALOGY The research work in mineralogy during the past season has been confined principally to the crystallography and genesis of New York occurrences of minerals, the results of which have been in- corporated in a paper now in press on the minerals of Lyon Moun- tain, N.Y. This investigation attacks the problem of the conditions affecting the deposition of calcite as expressed by the crystal habit. Some interesting conclusions were reached which confirmed the results obtained in a previous paper on the calcite of Union Springs.’ Three new crystal forms are added to the list for calcite, as well as some highly interesting combinations and groupings. Some inter- esting twin crystals are described and figured under albite and some rare and interesting combinations under stilbite, titanite and apatite. The curatorial work of the section has been much reduced: through the abandonment of the exhibited mineral collection last December. The work of collecting new material both for research study and for an enlarged and improved mineral collection has progressed with gratifying results. A fine series of minerals from the Sterling mine, Antwerp, was added to the already good collection from this locality. These included two specimens showing garnierite asso- ciated with millerite, and four specimens of goethite, both of which species are new from this locality. The goethite occurs as radiating tufts of light brown crystals like fine camel’s-hair brushes. These are found on the surface of quartz and dolomite which line the cavities in the red hematite. A series of 45 specimens of zircon in quartz and oligoclase was collected from a reopening of the old locality at Mineville. These equal in size and development the zircon crystals formerly obtained from this locality. “N. Y. State Mus. Bul. o8. - 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM A new locality for brookite was found by Mr C. A. Hartnagel in the limestone exposure at Indian Ladder, Albany co., two speci- mens being obtained as the result of a careful search. These occur embedded in calcite, differing in this respect from the Ellenville occurrence, to which, in other respects, they bear a marked re- semblance. The crystals are very small, the larger measuring I mm in length. A hitherto unnoted locality for tourmalin in the vicinity of Fort Ann was visited and several specimens obtained. The largest of these is a broken black crystal embedded in quartz and measuring 30 cm in length and 20 cm in diameter. Although showing no ter- mination, it is well developed in the prismatic zone and shows the typical cross-section for tourmalin. A smaller specimen measuring 8 cm in length and 10 cm in diameter shows several well defined planes of the termination. Some large orthoclase phenocrysts were obtained from a pegma- tite exposure 134 miles northwest of Crown Point Center, Essex co. They occur in a coarsely crystalized matrix of quartz and ortho- clase and show well defined crystal outlines. The largest of these phenocrysts measures 21 by 6 cm. A number of large and well developed crystals of calcite were collected from the old eupychroite deposits 1 mile south of Crown Point. The calcite from this locality crystallizes in twinned rhom- bohedrons of the form R (1011) the largest of which measures 7.5 cm on edge. In the twinning habit they resemble the calcite from Rossie and other St Lawrence county localities, the twinning plane being parallel projections observed on the rhombohedral faces proved to be the incipient development of a twinning parallel to a hypothetic plane—%R. The crystals which are in general clear and colorless are in many instances thickly coated with stal- actitic calcite. A fine series of 140 calcite specimens was collected by the State Geologist from Percé rock, Gaspé, Can. These are clear to milky white in color and are superficially colored in many instances by a thin coating of a flesh-colored to red deposit of iron oxid derived from hematite. Barite and fluorite also occur associated with the calcite. The occurrence which presents some interesting crystallo- graphic combinations, may be made the subject of a more detailed description. The attention of the Assistant State Geologist was recently di- rected to the occurrence of fine calcite crystals in a limestone quarry THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 27 in Lewis county. The quarry is on the eastern slope of a ridge of dolomitic limestone extending northeast and southwest, the exposed face rising to a hight of about 35 feet. At a hight of approximately 20 feet from the base of this exposed face, the limestone has been hollowed out to form an irregular cavern, the wall, roof and floor of which were covered with calcite crystals, some of enormous size. At the time of the visit a portion of the walls of this cave had been — removed in the operation of quarrying the limestone. Access to the cave was gained through an opening about 4 feet in diameter. Inside this opening the cavity expands to a cross-section of about Io feet in width by 5 feet in hight, running back for a distance of some 20 feet when it suddenly contracts to a small passage about 4 feet in cross-section, rather winding, but extending downward in a general direction for a distance of about 20 feet, gradually nar- rowing to a size which rendered it impossible of access. Many of the largest crystals were found in the outer portion of the cave, the roofs and walls of which were thickly covered with calcite crystals of ali sizes. Fewer and smaller crystals were en- countered in the inner cave where they were found mostly attached to the roof and sides. The crystals are of unusual size, the largest taken out measures 3 7” by 3’ 1%” by I’ 6” and weighs approximately 1000 pounds.1 A number of smaller crystals ranging in weight from 100 to 500 pounds were obtained, besides several large slabs covered with smaller crystals and a vast amount of small specimens representing single crystals and groups. In all about 12 tons of material of exceptional beauty and interest were taken from this locality. In habit the calcite crystals resemble those from Rossie, St Lawrence co. They show a strong tendency toward the forma- tion of penetration twins parallel to a composition face OP which is present as a well developed plane. This twinning habit finds expression in deep reentrant angles or “ channels,’ well shown in the adjoining plate and produced by corresponding planes of R (1011) in twinned position. On a number of crystals repeated twinning according to this law was noted; in one instance as many as four repetitions of the twinning habit being observed. The abnormal development of the basal plane produces a tabular aspect quite characteristic of the occur- rence. The lateral edges of the primitive rhombohedron are modi- EE ebhe largest calcite crystal of which a record is accessible is one from pe cs, iceland, at present in the British Museum. It measures 2 Bye. O°; 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fied by one or more scalenohedrons. A more detailed description of these interesting crystals is reserved for a later paper. It suffices, however, to mention here that they present an interesting study both of crystal form and twinning habit. Many of the crystals which were found lying loose on the floor of the innermost portion of the cavern, were completely developed on all sides, showing no point of attachment. This fact -which is sufficiently remarkable in crystals of this size may lead to some interesting speculations as to the manner of their production and the character of the crystallizing solution. Many of the largest crystals obtained from the outer cave were attached to the wall by a relatively small portion of their total surface so that it was pos- sible to detach them by very little effort. One of the most striking characters of these crystals is a delicate amethystine to pink color shown on a large majority of the speci- mens and which renders them singularly beautiful. The color appears to be irregularly distributed throughout the mass and shows deeper in the outer portions of the crystals. A tendency toward the concentration of color parallel to definite planes, notably the planes of cleavage is evident. Calcite crystals similar in color have recently been found in the Maybell mine at North Empire, Kan., and have been described by Sterrett,! who notes a similar lack of uniformity in the distribution of color. A dendritic deposit of pyrolusite observed on the termination of some of the small crystals from the outer cave indicates the derivation of the color from a minute percentage of manganese. . Secondary aragonite occurs as an incrustation of minute acicular crystals on some of the calcite representing an early generation. Some quartz was noted associated with the calcite of this stage. Although considerable stalactitic calcite was observed coating the surface of the large crystals, very little evidence of true stalactitic formation ‘was to be found on the roof, walls and floor of the cavern. One slender stalactite which measured 12.8 cm in length and .5 cm in diameter was hollow for about one third of its length and was lined with crystallized calcite. This, together with the remarkable size of the calcite crystallization, points to a condition of extremely slow deposition of lime carbonate from a solution which must have remained undisturbed during the entire process of crystal cae ae: D. B. A New Type of Calcite from the Joplin Mining District. Am. Jour, Sei. "190% 77s 72: uorjisod ,ejuozi10y ut UMOYS sued uotztsodwoo ay], Sy ~~ “OUIUUIM] JO MET Sty Aq poonpord _ spauuvyo,, daap o1481 -I9JOVIVYD OY} SAPVAYSNT[L [Tem usutroads ayy, ‘suorisod uM} oA} ayy OY Spuodsar109 YOIYM JO UOTVJUSIIO dy} ‘9OV;T Iv[NSue “[1] BSB UOIJVASUILL oy} UL stvoddv yorya ploovurd [eseq oy} 0} Jor;eavd Sutuurmy poyvodas Surmoys spvyshio jo dnoiy Z 93k * = . * a ' . djluosvie AIBVpUOIAS Jo ysnIO Burmoys ‘uUsdAvO Jo [VA WOLF speyskso Jo dnory € 91eId DETR SREPORT Or “THE DIRECTOR 1906 29 The secondary twinning parallel to a hypothetic plane—% R which was previously noted in connection with the calcite from Crown Point, is developed to a marked degree in these crystals where it takes the form of parallel systems of sharp ridges pro- truding from the surfaces of the planes of both R and OP. On one crystal, the basal plane of which measures 15.6 cm on the bounding edges, one of these projections measures 4 cm in length and .5 cm in hight. EARTHQUAKE RECORDS The seismograph installed in the basement of Geological Hall was placed in operation on March 10, 1906. It has furnished since that time a number of records which fully demonstrate its mechanical efficiency and its utility as an adjunct to the Museum’s scientific equipment. Similar instruments have been in use for some time in Baltimore, Washington and Cheltenham, Md., but with these exceptions there are no other stations throughout the entire eastern section of the country where the investigation of seismic phenomena is proceeding at the present time. The records have an independent value as a measure of the character of earth tremors experienced in the region, while at the same time it is hoped they will contribute to the general advance of this line of work which is now receiving attention and support in many parts of the world. The disturbances thus far registered at Albany have originated at remote points, none of them nearer than 2500 miles. In some cases, however, the wave motions traced by the instrument have been marked in their intensity, showing that local conditions are not unfavorable to their transmission. The fact that no earth- quakes could be traced to near-by sources can not be regarded as indicative that the region lies without the bounds where sensible movements originate, for observations must be extended over a much longer period of time before any conclusions are warranted as to the occurrence and relative frequency of local readjustments such as give rise to earth tremors. In explanation of the accompanying data relating to the seismo- graph records, it may be stated that the instrument used belongs to the horizontal pendulum type. It is an invention of Omori, the distinguished professor of seismology at the University of Tokio, and has been later improved by the makers, Messrs J. & A. Bosch, Strassburg, Germany. The instrument’ is placed on a concrete pier set into the ground to a depth of 3 feet and resting upon 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM undisturbed strata of clay. The distance to solid rock is not known. The pier is isolated from the ground by a narrow trench extending on all sides of the base of the foundation. There are twa of the horizontal pendulums, one placed so that its axis lies east-west and the other north-south when at rest. They are supported by stand- ards at one end while the outer extremities carry massive lead weights to which are engaged recording arms delicately pivoted and capable of adjiistment so as to magnify or diminish at will the motion imparted to them. A multiplying ratio of 10 has been found to give good results at Albany. The recording arms register the movements by means of a needle, the point of which is in con- tact with a band of smoked paper wound around the outer surface of a drum. The drums are driven by clockwork at the uniform speed of one revolution an hour; their axes are cut with screw threads which cause them to move laterally as they revolve. An independent clock of better construction serves to record the shorter time intervals by opening an electric circuit which, passing through small magnets, causes an arm to press down upon the paper at the lapse of each minute. While in operation the instrument thus traces a continuous line in the form of a spiral on the smoked sur- face of the paper which also shows a series of dots regularly spaced representing the minute intervals. When the record is removed irom the cylinder and stretched out in a plane, the spiral line be- comes, of course, a series of parallel lines. In case any disturbance has occurred during the time of making the record, the line shows a series of wave motions of greater or less amplitude according to the violence of the disturbance. The following’ constants are given in connection with the description of the records to facilitate comparison with those ob- tained at other stations. The latitude of Albany is n. 42° 39’ 6” and the longitude w. 73° 45’ 18”. The foundation of the instru- ment is approximately 85 feet above sea level. Each pendulum including arm weighs 24 pounds 14 ounces or 11.283 kilograms, and the distance of center of gravity from rotating axis is 84.6 centimeters. The period of the pendulums (time required for a complete swing) during the time in which the instrument has been operated, has been found to vary, and it has been necessary to re- adjust them occasionally in order to obtain satisfactory results. Each readjustment involves a slight change in the period. It has been the aim to maintain a period of about 30 seconds and the varia- tions have usually not exceeded five seconds. ‘ ‘ * f ' ih sidlinbaye errata lint dienes ai icin ko a of as Eon] one en ea FS Tih f Seay (tae a rie ‘ ' ye Ween A Cy _S hiss. Pra PAD 1008 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 31 RECORD OF EARTHQUAKES AT ALBANY APRIL IO TO OCTOBER 1, 1906 Standard time rs Beginning Max. Multi- Beginning Seams . : : ° Date seas : principal | Maximum End ampli- plying preliminaries part ade | Catio is, tal, aera J] 300) h. m. mm. ING aR LORG. =<: 4 29 p.m 44 A0ATS © | 5 27 Bis I2 IND The TO Nic 8 214 a.m. 8 325 8 35 | nm & 65 Io JeXjOY Oy) Maths) oa ae G ASIR GO Anat al ALS ee cre ean ln Me, aoa | Seco ll te oy vette | Io ANOieg Ole) Seales Zi ies “Bh Sogn oll at ie eaerieny tel IPe st aetna Ate SiG 8 isch ele | Ke) ASIP TOR, «xc FW BG) [Osea 4 Aa AS 90 IIo Io Siyotas 1 ba7) eee Lit Qo enaol, T2955 I2 10 i 503 25 IO Sept... 286.2... iG) BA Bsn, TO a Ouse ileal ue wee IO 43 6 10 April to. A small but well marked disturbance probably a preliminary to the earthquake of April 18 but possibly of Porto Rican origin. The larger vibrations were registered on the north- south pendulum, showing that they came from nearly an east or west direction. The period of the maximum waves was about 24 seconds. The disturbance was recorded also at the Washington and Baltimore stations. April 18. ‘This is the violent earthquake which originated on the Pacific coast, known as the San Francisco earthquake. It was ‘registered at all the seismological stations in this country and at many places in Europe. The records obtained at Albany were ex- cellent as the pendulums were in perfect working order at the time. A comparison of the two tracings shows the east-west component of the vibrations to be more pronounced, though a single long swing in the north-south component had the greatest amplitude, 65 mm as compared with a maximum of 48 mm in the former direction. The duration of the preliminary tremors covered nearly the same period as in the earthquake of April Io, indicating that beth traveled approximately the same distance. The slight disturbance in the afternoon of April 18 was probably a reflex of the main shock. April 23... Faint vibrations, but undoubtedly of seismic char- acter. Main component was in an east-west direction. August 16. This earthquake originated near Valparaiso, Chili, and was of even greater violence than that of April 18. The records obtained show the strongest vibrations of any disturbance registered thus far. The east-west component of the vibrations has the larger amplitude during the principal part of the disturbance, but the north-south component is more marked throughout the entire period. Near the beginning of the main vibrations, the pointer of the north- —— SEISMOGRAMS San Francisco earthquake April 18, 1906 North-south vibrations ie = = a i Ua ny ac ni areas —— = i Beginning of disturbance a:214 A.M. 5 April 18, 1906 East-west vibrations Yanan wl) veil en —aarialysty ve NAVIN Yee Preliminary tremors 7:35PM. ‘cami of disturbance 8.214AM. Valparaiso earthquake August 16, 1906 North-south vibrations Beginning of violent disturbance August 16, 1906 East-west vibrations 7:46PM, <— Here the pointer ran off the limits of the paper * + i t : ; A rr road , M a \ Vy % y vat Lopate ‘ x f 1 Kt ' Y ov LN ‘ “% i ry ot ne NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM south pendulum swung off the paper and failed to 1egister for a period of one second. The larger amplitude of the waves recorded by that pendulum may have been due to more sensitive adjustment. September 14. A moderately strong movement recorded prin- cipally on the north-south pendulum. Origin is not known. September 28. Slight disturbance, consisting of small waves separated by intervals of quiescence. Main component regis- tered by the north-south pendulum. LIMESTONE CAVERNS OF EASTERN NEW YORK In my report of last year attention was directed to the desirability of acquiring more exact evidence of the character and origin of the caverns which honeycomb the limestone region of the Helder- berg plateau. There are many of these subterranean ways. They have long been known to the residents of the region and have been a source of popular interest partly because of the mysterious ob- scurity in which they have been veiled. Their geological import- ance lies chiefly in the relation of such underground passages to the topography and drainage of the country, for this class of caverns is elongated channels produced either by solution of the limestones or by subterranean erosion. The Helderberg plateau has been well adapted to their development because of its peculiar though simple geological structure. The region is one of continued succession of limestone beds varying in degree of purity and the strata in general are almost horizontal, whatever dip they have being to the south. In the consolidation of these strata and by the strains they have undergone in their uplift they have been deeply cracked or parted without displacement of adjoining masses, by an intricate series of vertical joints which has made the floor of the region a mosaic of great limestone blocks. When solution or erosion has begun on this area, it naturally selects these lines of least resistance and the ulti- mate outcome is the production of cavernous channels in the rocks. It is thus entirely clear that essentially the whole system of under- ground channels stands in direct relation to and constitutes’a part of the drainage system. With the purpose of ascertaining these relations a party was organized during the past season, instructed to explore and survey all accessible caverns in this limestone plateau and to take note of their relations to geological structure, drainage, topography and organic contents. The work was prosecuted with vigor though it THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 33 was arduous and venturesome, involving risks to person which few would care to take. The results have been entirely satisfactory in solving the general problem above specified. Prof. John H. Cook was placed in charge of the work, having as assistants James F. Loughran, surveyor and Harry C. Cook, photographer. The cave-bearing limestones of the Helderberg and Schoharie region are a part of a consecutive series which are geologically classified as follows from below upward: At the bottom are the shales of the Hudson River complex, which in the eastern part of the region are unconformable with the beds above. ‘Then follow in ascending order: Brayman shale Ontaric or Cobleskill dolomite Upper Sire | Rondout dolomite Manlius limestone Coeymans limestone New Scotland calcareous shale Becraft limestone Lower Devonic Above these limestone beds follows a series of sandy and silicious rock strata which are not the locus of caverns. These are: Oriskany quartzite Esopus grit Schoharie grit, Lower Devonic all capped by the Onondaga limestone in which again caverns appear. The upper terraces and summits of the plateau are constituted of _ sandstones and shales of Middle Devonic age and are not cavernous. Professor Cook has submitted the following preliminary account of his researches. In the.Siluric and Devonic rocks of Schoharie and Albany coun- ties there are three cavern zones which may be designated as the Onondaga, the Becraft and the Manlius. The first and second are sufficiently characterized by their names but the unbroken suc- cession of lime rock formations between the Coeymaius limestone and the Brayman shale (or, where this is absent, the Lorraine beds) must be regarded as a unit and the name Manlius applied to this zone is more or less arbitrary. In this investigation it soon became evident that the subsurface drainage is dependent upon the geological structure of the region 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in a way that renders the interpretation of the caverns a simple matter and affords some basis for a systematic prosecution of the work. The influences controlling this drainage may be summed up under these heads: (1) the character of the successive terranes and the topographic forms resulting therefrom, (2) the strong south- west dip of the strata, and (3) the insequent stream valleys which have been cut in the peneplain to the level of the cavernous horizons. The normal retreat of the Helderberg escarpment along its north- ern and eastern face results in a series of terraces caused by the re- moval of the soft strata from between the harder, and the differen- tial retreat of the terraces has left in places wide areas of permeable limestone exposed to the action of percolating water. Plateaus of variable extent are formed by the Onondaga, the Coeymans and, west of the Cobleskill creek (where the Oriskany quartzite appears to be absent or very thin), by the Becraft limestones. When carbonated and acidulated meteoric water has once found its way into the joints and between the beds of the limestones thus rendered accessible, the excavation of caverns by solution will begin, provided the water can find an outlet at a level below that of its point of entrance into the rock. But the inclination of the strata southward precludes the possibility of exit above the line of strike passing through that point and, excepting along that part of the Helderberg escarpment which trends southeastward from near Alta- mont, it is only where a surface stream has cut its valley to the requisite depth and below the line of strike that an outlet is afforded. It is evident, therefore, that the age of these underground channels can be approximately fixed by estimate of the time at which their mouths were uncovered; and caverns-of the same zone may be compared in this regard by reference to their distance from the head of the valley into which they open. The diameter attained by a cave is primarily dependent upon the amount of water passing through it and the relative solubility of the rock. Disregarding meteoric conditions the volume of water is largely governed by the topography of the area drained by under- eround passages, the changes caused by surface erosion and the ceposit of glacial material having in this way affected the Helder- berg caverns considerably. The life of a cave ends when the roof gives way and the channel is opened to day, a fate which may overtake it early in its develop- ment or be postponed for a long time, but is inevitable. As the LoS) Z ap TMA, LP nw TO ie ae DE aD ey — > BeoTTI CPU Ee IPA LLL LG EWAN Anathema Entrance YACNS TSW rey) "Old Cave” WEntrance to e=ourly ANT 2 TTREZS TAI D Tee. WAELLELEEBEEE MT BR/DGE a ISA STULL) CT lower Galle Ss fi Bit fk Sp PR Deposit 0 BeGil ! rj See . =% d ened Gravel IN Fran tes amar OWES CAVE: Ge SECTION Dtudt Tunnel in Fron dout Cement Bed és THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I900 35 cavity is enlarged beneath thin or loosely coherent beds, these, deprived of support, fall into it and unless beds sufficiently firm to maintain their position lie above, the cavern will speedily be reduced to a ruin. Such “dead” caverns have a notable effect on topography, produce small sink holes or large rock basins with or without outlet and inlet. Though dead as caverns these areas may still be active fields of solution and erosion. Some instructive instances of such topographic forms, Karsten, resulting from the falling in of the caverns are to be seen on the Helderberg plateau. Ideal conditions for the formation of large caves in thin-bedded limestone are furnished by the succession of hard and soft strata composing the Manlius zone. The Manlius is the cavern formation proper though passages in the Rondout and Cobleskill strata have been worked out where favorable conditions exist. The massive and resistant Coeymans limestone which yields slowly to erosive forces serves as a solid roof and a protection for the weaker rock beneath. The openings in the Coeymans limestone are all of the | nature of deep vertical shafts worn along joint planes, and occa- sionally extending through the Manlius beneath. These shaits, locally known as “rock holes” occur at the bottom of broad trenches cut in the overlying New Scotland shale or upon high land where the shale has been nearly or quite removed. In the former case they receive the drainage of a considerable area and may be assumed to be in process of development; in the latter little or no water reaches them, their development together with that of the passages leading from them is at an end and they are of importance only as indicating former lines of surface drainage. In this zone the main channel of every cavern investigated lies at the base of the Manlius, showing that the first water to penetrate the rock met with little opposition in making its way through the beds above that level. Some of the side passages for a greater or less distance from the foot of the shafts in which they originate, have been excavated above resistant beds higher in the series and in Howe’s cave certain parts of the axial cavity have been formed by the deepening of channels first excavated in the upper strata (notably the “ Bridal Chamber” and “ Washington Hall”) and other parts by the undermining of such channels (as the section filled by the “ Rocky Mountains’’). ' Little could be learned of the caverns in the Becraft limestone ; three were found but only one was accessible. It appears from the evidence obtainable that solution begins in the lowest beds, 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM subsequent enlargement being principally due to the falling of slabs from the ceiling and their removal by the water. The structure of the Onondaga limestone caverns can not be determined from the single cave visited at Clarksville and the short sections of passages accessible in the neighborhood of Thompsons Lake. The character of the arch in the heavier beds is quite dis- tinctive but where thinner beds have been undermined the floor is littered with fragments of limestone much as in the larger Manlius caves. . Section I Caverns of the Schoharie valley Becker’s cave is located under Lasell park in the village of Schoharie. The entrance at the bottom of the low cliff behind the Lutheran cemetery opens near the base of the Manlius and clearly does not represent a mouth of the cavern. For 115 feet the pas- sage is just high enough to enable one to creep, is between 2 and 5 feet wide and slopes noticeably downward. This part is nearly straight, the general direction bemg ‘s. 15 ~e. (magnetic pers broadens gradually to 10 feet toward the further end where the floor drops sufficiently to permit of standing erect. Here a drain has been developed in the west wall. This is fairly commodious for 38 feet but drops abruptly to harder beds upon which the water has acted more slowly and the remainder of the passage which extends due west for 68 feet as a widened joint can be traversed only by lying flat. At the further end a crevice in the floor too small to penetrate serves to carry off the water to still lower beds, probably the Rondout dolomite. The main passage was followed for 230 feet beyond the drain [see accompanying map] to where a small side passage enters from the north. Further exploration was prevented by ponded water and alow roof. This part of the cave is half full of clay and one must progress on hands and knees for almost the entire distance. No stream was flowing through it at the time of this visit and the pools contained no life. Neither stalagmites nor stalactites were found. Clark’s cave is on the opposite side of Schoharie creek about a quarter of a mile north of the Gebhard bridge. It opens in the lower Rondout beds and its explorable extent is less than 50 feet. To clear away the clay and rubbish which has accumulated about the mouth and thus drain off the water which fills it, would involve the expenditure of an amount of time and labor deemed unjustified in this preliminary survey. 37 THIRD REPORT Of THE DIRECTOR 1900 Ses jo 2nd“) SADYO OE urouT 2 Ymog ysomM 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Shelter cave is the name given to a small cavern in the cliff back of the horse of Mr Samuel Clark on the same side of the creek. fi is excavated from the basal beds of the Becraft limestone, is dry except in the spring and after exceptionally heavy rains and can be penetrated for some 25 feet by a small person lying flat. The Schoharie valley does not occupy a position favoring the supposition that a large cavern may open into it. Cut off from the plateaus to the north by the Cobleskill and Fox creeks, the terraces bordering it succeed one another too rapidly to afford any very extensive gathering ground for surface waters. The only oppor- tunity offered would be where a stream coursing down the hillside had found access to the soluble limestones through heavily jointed beds. This is said to be the case where the brook flowing down the north face of Sunset hill at East Cobleskill crosses the Onondaga. Section II Caverns of the Cobleskill valley The Cobleskill valley. receives underground drainage from the region north and west of it. All caves indicated by “ rock holes ” or streams disappearing in the limestones of this area as far as the Mohawk river undoubtedly open into this valley. Between Central Bridge and Braymanville the mouths of those of the Manlius zone are to be looked for. Only two were found but the existence of several others is indicated by springs. Howe’s cave is the largest cavern thus far discovered in the State. It is located 40 miles from Albany on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad. The entrance is at the base of the cliff back of the hotel. The accessible part of the axial cavity extends for 4411 feet in a generally northwest direction and through- out its length the true floor, though for the most part covered by clay and fallen blocks of limestone, lies near the bottom of the Manlius where a series of resistant beds has formed what may be called a base level of ready solution above which the original channel was made. Ten side passages enter the cave from the north and the existence of six others coming from the same direc- tion is to be inferred. Only one is of any considerable length and all the smaller’ ones are filled with clay or calcite. A fair- sized stream coming from a pool which fills the continuation of the cavern flows through the main cave to within 1160 feet of the en- “Grabau. A> WW.) Ne Ys state avis Bil soe perog: »” Seale lex Ss at the upper end of th WN = e) co Y ia] form itic ta kon ¥ Howe’s cave. The ‘‘Giant’s Chapel,” looking toward ‘‘ Washington Hall.” All but the lowest beds of the Manlius limestone are exposed in this room. The ceiling is of Coeymans limestone. Plate 6 Howe’s cave. The ‘‘ Rocky Mountains” from the ‘‘ Valley of Jehosaphat”’ oo THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I906 WeMi() i; Sa (po puor2G By ed suid ) a fe) 2 A < v Tm) = 5 ,09/ 9/9 IS “MNDD S2MOL ae qAQT SS eee CSS Dae aN eae oan tas 2 Somer TUTTAT cataTTh eee K, WWD244S 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM trance where it is drained off to the south along a joint. A second drain exists 150 feet beyond and carries some of the streams in times of high water. The drains unite as shown on the map on the pre- ceding page, the stream finally disappearing through a crevice too small to enter and reaching the surface along the Cobleskill-Bray- man contact line a short distance beyond the old cement quarry on the road to Braymanville. The drains can be penetrated by a person of average size who is willing to endure some discomfort. Both are narrow and the upper is full of water at all times. They © are undoubtedly the latest passages developed in the cave. The entrance is only one of several mouths which have at one {ime or another served to discharge water from the cavern, but the others are filled with clay and gravel beyond hope of clearing. One of these will be found in the face of the cliff in the upper Rondout beds, the passage leading to it forming a lower gallery known as the “Old Cave.” For some 200 feet the floor of the main cave has fallen into this passage and the gap has been spanned with a wooden bridge. Perhaps the most interesting part of the cavern is the inner end of the axial cavity and the branches reaching it. As has been stated the stream rises from a passage which lies below its surface. This is due to the fact that fragments fallen from the roof or walls and a quantity of gravel brought in through the branch caves have made a dam which reaches above the ceiling of the part now drowned. The “ West Branch” comes in from the south and from a higher level; it is nearly filled with clay and broken blocks of limestone and ends abruptly at an impassable barricade of the latter. The other branch is called the “ Winding Way,” a name justified by its unusually tortuous course. From the main cave it runs north and ends in a small hole known as “ Fat Man’s Misery.” This is seldom free of water. The passage beyond continues to the north tor several hundred feet to “ The Rotunda,” a high domelike cham- ber appearing like a mighty, gun barrel. It does not end here and is evidently passable for some distance further but is well filled with water. There are a number of tufa deposits in the cavern but few in the form of stalactites and they can hardly be said to add any beauty to the place. The stream is inhabited by the blind amphipod Crangonyx tenuis (Smith) which however is the only true cave form to be found. As in most of the caverns a few stray frogs and earth- = « Sulejunop AyIoy ,, Jo doz WoL] MOIA , yeydvsoyaf jo Ady [VA ,, FY} SULYOOT[IIAO SazTULOL[ LIS JIIYM ind omy — ,, SpaUTqUaS SM oy HDS MNO 3 [ltH Joxvrzye5,, puokaq [QUULYS dy} JO JOOI 9Y} UI WIJ WOIsoLa SNoIIND ve — «6 JOYIVIYT SyIOOVeT OY T,,, “9AVD S OMOFT oe o MIE) JO ploy! oa Spdq JNOpUuoY UL UIIABO quopuadoaput Uv OF} SUTPBIT JAB) SO]: «ce J9ABOS IMO TT ‘ AT THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19060 yk v2 UID JOWS Std NIVW JH 40 GNJ JHE GNOAIY AND S.4AMOH 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM worms are occasionally met with in the summer and around the bridge, railings and ladders, where the mycelia of various species cf fungi grow, beetles, myriapods and isopods may be discovered but all seem to be surface species which have undergone no altera- tion in the new environment. The cave beyond the point where it is drowned is undoubtedly several miles long. “Rock holes” were found north of the western turnpike between Little York and Carlisle village and three surface streams south of the turnpike between these places disappear in the rock. Every effort was made to penetrate to the cavern below but these attempts were not crowned with con- spicuous success. Running water near the base of the Manlius was found in Sellick’s cave, a deep fissure traversing both Coey- mans and Manlius on the farm: of Chester Ottman) femme southwest of Carlisle village, but the passage through which it flows is blocked off from the fissure by the rubbish which has fallen through and almost closed the entrance. Just’ north of Carlisle Center several small streams fall into rock holes and reach the Manlius limestone. One of these shafts was opened with some difficulty and a small cave was found below it. This, however, was perfectly dry and no outlet could be discovered. It was named Cave Disappointment. Another of these shafts is known as McFail’s cave. It received its name from an un- fortunate man who lost his life while exploring it more than half a century ago. We were unable to penetrate to the cavern below but Dr R. J. Roscoe who was a member of the original exploring party has informed me that this runs northeast and southwest through the “waterlime” (Manlius) carrying a stream running southwest. Beneath the entrance to Howe’s cave was found an independent cavern in the upper Rondout beds which was explored for a distance of 1126 feet. It is excavated mostly along joint planes, is very narrow and contains several bodies of ponded water. Connection between this and Howe’s cave has been established through the passage known as the “ Barytes mine”? and clay washed in from the larger cavern has filled its lower end. It possibly originates in Wolfert’s cave, a deep double shaft 4% mile due north of Howe's cave on the farm of Alonzo Wolfert, and a few rods east of the highway. *Hovey, H. C. Celebrated American Caverns. Plate 10 Sellick’s cave. The entrance is a vertical drop of 34’. Plate 11 “Cave Disappointment.” The narrow crevice through which entrance was effected | : THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19°c6 AIAASEANCRACENCST CCHIT Coeym ans 43 Cave DISAPPOINTMENT NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM MAL OF THE IYSSAGL ELYOND CAVES CAE A PART OF OWES (eee SCALE xL> 700° Fendril S Calcite Cascade; The Queen's Bovdoir ne Ee 4 wt = Barrer of Clay, w * of Rock Fragments. Water in black. ; Main cave in broken lines. Cross sections marked x Wi ) IteRASASAAMARAS NE SARA WlIp [V1ov[s ysno1yy AVM SI Gurs10jJ ulva14s uIaAvo v Aq powso; ZI 9}e[q Ss a sutids S 1gyI0qg ma y ip “~ sh ance as Neral ll ta ; ee, ene rete THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 45 Half a mile n. 10° w. of Wolfert’s cave on the property of }. M. Collins is Benson’s cave. It may be followed for t1o4o feet, the accessible part being excavated almost wholly along deep vertical joints. There have been stalactitic decorations in one of the conical domes but they have been broken to pieces by collectors. The passage is simple and twice doubles on its course in a rather peculiar manner, one section extending for 609 feet almost directly against the dip. Richtmyer’s cave, % mile further north is entered from a pit in the Coeymans limestone. It consists of a medium-sized room and a widened joint running southeast (both in the Manlius) and may be followed for about 300 feet. This may be connected with Howe’s cave. - Jack Patrick’s cave is located near the head of a gorge which Opens into the Cobleskill valley between Howes Cave and Central Bridge. It is excavated along joints in the Cobleskill and Rondout with some solution along the contact line. It can be penetrated for only a short distance and is doubtless a drain which draws off the water from a large cavern in the higher limestones. ‘The stream issuing from it is fairly strong even in dry weather. The cave probably parallels Howe’s cave and may reach beyond Grovernor Corners where a small underground stream is to be found in Pigmy cave on the property of William Fassage between thiat place and Carlisle Center. Youngs’s cave, on the farm of Spencer Youngs % mile due west of Carlisle Center is excavated in the Becraft limestone and discharges a stream into the southern end of the trough at the opposite extremity of which are McFail’s cave and Cave Disappoint- ment. The roof has given way for most of its length but is intact for three or four hundred feet. Ponded water and a low ceiling prevent one from passing underground from one end to the other. There is another subterranean waterway in the Becraft which deserves attention although all efforts to penetrate it failed. It extends from the depression on the farm of Leroy Lawyer 1% miles north of Russell lake, to Becker’s pond, a spring 80 feet in diameter and 25 feet deep, a little more than %4 mile south of Shutts Corner. It receives also the drainage from a depression on the farms of William Brown and Chester Kniskern a mile and a half west of Carlisle Center and probably also a stream which falls into a fissure in the Becraft near the barn of David Chambers between Carlisle Center and Shutts Corner. Se NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Map oir sive # FICMY CAVE Rs aaa a On with Surface Sve, Scale a ii Entrance ‘ UIOABS B JO 9}VF SY J, “B9UOJSOWII] JJVIOO pejoojordiun wt “save Ss SuUnO x €I 938Id P Se ete pee & THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1go06 47 Section III Caverns of the Fox Creek valley The valley of the Fox creek receives underground drainage from the region lying north of it. Cut nearly along the strike in its lower course, it offers conditions favorable for the excavation of a number of small caves but a large one is hardly to be looked for. Without exception the mouths of these were found to be choked by deposits of the cavern streams or buried by glacial material. There is one on the Martin Spateholts farm at Shutter Corners, another near the head of the Louse kill, and a third farther down the same stream above the sawmill on ground owned by Wesley Wilbur. Ball’s cave is the only one of the group which is accessible. The entrance is a vertical shaft in the Coeymans limestone located on the north side of Barton hill, 34 mile southeast of the point where the road to Quaker Street crosses the county line. It is reached by a wood road from the house of Edwin Dietz and admits one to-a cavern which, as far as-can be seen, has been dissolved out of the basal Manlius beds. A steep descent from the bottom of the shaft leads to a point in the cave about midway between the limits of exploration in either direction. At some seasons the whole cavern is full of water but usually the downstream (southwestern) half can be traversed without a boat. This part extends for 200 feet to a mass of fallen fragments which must be climbed in order to reach what has been spoken of in the meager literature of the cave, as its chief attrac- tion, a large room named the “Rotunda” or ‘Amphitheater.’ Nothing remarkable was found in the chamber and_ published descriptions which have pictured it as “rich in stalactitic decora- tions” have been drawn from perfervid imaginings rather than from facts. This room and the passages beyond it lie at a level higher than that of the principal channel which is buried by clay and fragments. The cave stream appears as a spring in the last chamber reached and disappears again almost immediately beneath a mass of lime- stone precipitated from the roof. The upstream (northeastern) end of the cavern always contains water which in places is as much as 7 feet deep. The stream 1s retained as a series of pools behind natural dams of tufa formed apparently as deposits from flowing water. Three hundred and STATE MUSEUM NEW YORK SANE N oN N es ci HL YON 2440TUR “yd \ é oo 1S) Ww a as od = wee , WOOY usyorg ,, 9Y} 0} JOUBIJUY “QABOD S [[Pq ‘ oe Reo i lg s gt 11g ee eed t . ee petite EHIRD REPORT OF THE -DIRECTOR 1906 49 thirty feet from the beginning of the water this end of the cave expands into a chamber at a higher level beyond which the passage is small and so filled with water and soft clayey mud that it is practically impassable. Section IV Caves of the Helderberg mountain Several caverns exist at the base of the Manlius limestone between Altamont and New Salem but because of the limited area draining into them they have not developed to a size that renders them accessible, and only one was found large enough to enter. This is known as Sutphen’s or Thacher’s cave and is on the property of Hon. John Boyd Thacher of Albany. It is located at the base of the cliff beyond the alcove north of the Indian Ladder road and is most conveniently reached by crossing the fields back of the house occupied by Mr Albertus Hallenbeck or near peste of the“ Ladder.” The passage for the first 530 feet is broad and low with pools ot water at intervals. The general direction of this first section isn. 40° w. Then for 750 feet the cavern is a high narrow joint run- ning n. 35° e. toward the face of the cliff. At the end of this sec- tion the incongruous legend “ farthest west” has been painted upon the wall. The remainder of the cavern averages 2 feet in hight and 12 in width, extending irregularly to the northwest for 1603 feet, beyond which it is impossible to go. A small branch which leaves and returns to the main passage, something over 600 feet from the farther end is clear of clay and fragments and high enough to permit one to walk in a stooping position. For this reason it was named “ Comfort Loop,” the comfort being purely relative. Thacher’s cave probably receives its supply of water (which is intermittent) from the area surrounding a depression 1 mile northwest of its mouth. Wynn’s cave and Livingston’s cave near High Point, south of Altamont are remnants of caverns whose streams were active before mie clit had’ retreated to its present line. Ihe former extends for several rods, the latter is scarcely more than a room. These caves are all in the Coeymans-Manlius series. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SUTPHEN'’S CAVE Scale 240' MATA 94} UL UMOYS JOU pu aSseVq JY} 1B 9DURIJUS SAV) “SOL 4YSI{[ ‘9AvVO S IayOVY], OF 9OULIZUI JY} SUIBUBY LIAO [[BM BUOJSIWIT 9Y}— ,, YOIR WINLUIISOIY ,, IY], i ‘ 4 P iy. 9? ie Sree er Sbiade- , on SI aIeIq Plate 19 Thacher’s cave. The widened joint constituting the second section THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 51 Section V Caves of the Oniskethau valley Two caves are known to exist on the north side of this creek, one in the Manlius where that formation is brought to the surface in an anticlinal fold 1% miles southwest of South Bethlehem, the other at Clarksville. The former was not visited. The Clarksville cave in its lower course is nearly filled with gravel and for a long distance is inaccessible. A short section may be entered near the road running east and west through the village, and a short distance from the old hotel. It is called the “ Little cave.’ A longer section, the ‘‘ Big cave,” is entered at the top of the hill north of the shorter part. The cave presents usually a smooth rounded arch in the harder beds, though in the thinner beds the floor is littered with fragments and presents much the appearance of a Manlius cavern. A stream flows through it at all seasons and empties into the Oniskethau creek south of the village. It is ponded in the larger section some rods from the entrance and it would be necessary to build a boat in the cave to cross the water. It is quite possible that this stream enters the rock opposite the church near Thompsons Lake, but this can not be determined without further exploration. The cavern is in the Onondaga limestone. INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE This is a committee organized by the joint action of the Geological Survey of Canada and the United States Geological Survey for the purpose of attaining a uniformity of nomenclature for the rock formations traversed by the international boundary and spreading thence north and south. During the past season the New York- Canada boundary was under special consideration by a subcommittee represented by Drs F. D. Adams and A. P. Coleman of Canada, Pro- fessors J. F. Kemp and C. H. Van Hise for the United States Geolog- ical Survey and Prof. H. P. Cushing for the New York Survey. This field conference involved the review of areas of crystalline rocks within the Adirondack region and north of the New York line. The results are believed to be entirely satisfactory to all interests con- cerned. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS The convention of this international body representing the geologists of the world was held in September 1909, in the City of Mexico. As it was impracticable, because of more pressing engagements, for the State Geologist to be present this institution Re : NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM was represented by Dr R. Ruedemann, one of the secretaries of the organization. PALEONTOLOGY Correlation studies Early Devonic of Gaspe. In my report of last year mention was made of the comparative study of the Devonic faunas of New York with their manifestation in the regions northeastward to the Atlantic border. The treatment of this subject constitutes the matter for Museum memoir 9, the first volume of which is now all in type and the lithographic plates well forwarded. This volume will concern itself with accounts of the Devonic faunas of Gaspé and their relations to those of New York. The profusion and ex- cellent preservation of the representatives of the New York faunas in that region has afforded important light on the proper grasp of the developments in New York. A conception of the fulness of the presentation of these faunas is conveyed by the fact that it has re- quired about 50 quarto plates to represent these faunas adequately. In 1900 I proposed definite stratigraphic terms for this Gaspé Devonic, grouping the divisions which had previously been made by Sir William Logan and to validate these terms it has been neces- sary to analyze their faunas in detail. This work pertaining to the eastern Devonic has proceeded with deliberation because of its wide scope. It will require some time yet to bring it to a conclu- sion and for this reason it has seemed well to establish some of the results attained in the course of the work by a preliminary account of some of the species, which has appeared in Museum bulletin 107. Paleozoic faunas of eastern Maine. In order to facilitate the work referred to above, I commissioned Mr O. O. Nylander to make collections of Devonic and Siluric fossils from the region of Cobs- cook Bay, Me. His investigation, occupying a few weeks of the ficld season, resulted in acquisitions of very considerable interest both to the collections of the Museum and to the problems under investigation. The localities represented are on Moose island, Carlton island, and various points in the town of Perry. Fossils were found for the first time in the purple shales at Pembroke and con- siderable collections made from Siluric strata on the west side of the Pennomaquan river and other points in the town of Pembroke. Early Devonic strata at Lake Memphremagog. An examina- tion of the upturned and much cleaved and altered strata at the south end of Lake Memphremagog has brought out some facts which may serve to throw light on the character of the faunas. Near Knowl- THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 53 ton’s Landing, Dr Ruedemann has recorded a section where about Ioo feet of erect grit strata with Taonurus are both underlain and overlain by dark argillites. The former, on account of the presence of the Taonurus or “ Cauda-galli fucoid” have been correlated as “ Esopus grit” by the Canadian geologists. The argillites, however, both above and below these Taonurus grits, contain fossils; a Dal- manites nearer to the D. coxius of the Grande Gréve lime- stone than any other that occurs to me and an Orthoceras with a well defined and peculiar surface which I have not seen in other species. There are traces also of other fossils. It seems hardly an accurate expression to correlate these beds with the Esopus grit of New York on the basis alone of the presence of Taonurus which is now recognized as of direct or indirect mechanical origin and occurs freely in sandy sediments of different ages. The fossils of the adjoining conformable shales will determine the age of this de- posit. At Owl’s Head fossils were obtained from the altered lime- stones ; these are chiefly corals, though brachiopods are also present. The preservation is execrable but the corals, Favosites, Helio- phyllum, Phillipsastrea and the brachiopods Atrypa reticu- laris, Spirifer like S. acuminatus and a large Rhyncho- nella, seem to entirely confirm the correlation by the Canadian geologists with the Onondaga limestone. The two sections referred tc are several miles apart. The Rensselaer grit. Eastern Rensselaer and northern Columbia counties are covered with a mantle of arenaceous deposits lying unconformably on the upfolded Cambric and Lower Siluric strata beneath. The character and distribution of this rock was clearly outlined by Lieutenant Mather in his report on the first geological district (1843) and its equivalence with the Shawangunk erit of Ulster and Orange counties suggested. As: the early geologists held the latter to be an eastern equivalent of the Oneida grit of central New York, the Rensselaer grit has consequently been assigned the same value in correlation. We owe to T. Nelson Dale of the United States Geological Survey an inti- mate knowledge of the stratigraphic relations of this terrane to the unconformable rocks beneath and also the conclusion that the up- folding of the lower and the upper terranes pertains to different dates, the former to the Taconic uplift and the latter to the Post- devonic or Carbonic uplift which also produced the more southerly synclinals now represented by Becraft mountain, Columbia co. Mr Dale has correlated the Rensselaer grit with the entire Oneida- 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Medina sedimentation. The recent work of C. A. Hartnagel as published in these reports indicates conclusively that in the typical section the Oneida conglomerate is not a formational unit but actually lies within the Medina sandstones, that further the Shawan- gunk grit on stratigraphic evidence alone, is of an age much later than the Medina formation and being overlain conform- ably by rocks of Postsalina age is probably the eastern representa- tive of the Salina deposition. The essential confirmation of the latter conclusion by the discovery of an eurypterid fauna in the Shawangunk grit is elsewhere referred to. Mr Hartnagel has pointed out the improbability of the Siluric age of the Rensselaer grit or of its equivalence with the Medina-Oneida sediments, his chief arguments being (1) the extensive gap by nondeposition between the eastern terminus of the Oneida conglomerate in Herkimer county and the Rensselaer grit plateau, (2) the long time niterval that must be postulated to account for the Taconic folding and the erosion that preceded the deposition of the grit, (3) the gradual transgression northward of arenaceous sediments over the eroded folds, the Shawangunk grit being a more southerly and hence earlier representative of such transgression. The region has been carefully searched during the past season for some evidence of fossils which would throw definite light on the problem of the age of this Rensselaer grit, but though this evidence still fails and can not be explained by secondary changes of the rocks, the strati- graphic considerations indicate the propriety of assigning to this formation a distinctly later age. No beds later than Trenton age have been observed near the edge of the plateau and there are apparently no outliers to bridge the gap between the late Siluric and early Devonic rocks of Becraft mountain, Mt Bob and the last outlier of the Rensselaer grit in the town of Austerlitz, Columbia co. This last outlier is of especial interest because it lies but 20 miles northeast of Becraft mountain and is situated a considerable distance south of the main mass of the Rensselaer grit plateau. For these reasons it was specially studied but found to be in no way lithologically different from the Rensselaer grit in Rensselaer county and containing the same alter- nations of grit with red and greenish slates. From the presence of only the closing stage of the Upper Siluric at Becraft mountain and in the Helderbergs near Albany, (Coun- tryman hill)—the two places where the deposits of the Siluro- Devonic basin of New York approach nearest to the Rensselaer THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 55 grit plateau — it may be properly inferred that the Upper Siluric sea of New York did not extend into the present area of the Rensselaer erit plateau at any time except possibly in the Manlius age. In regard to the latter, the problem is the same as in regard to the Helderberg limestones in general which are exposed at Becraft mountain and of which the Rensselaer grit might represent the littoral facies. In favor of this view it may be said that both rest on the same basis (Cambric and Lower Siluric slate) and that on ac- count of the rising of the Taconic mountains in early Siluric time, there may have existed a littoral facies of the Helderberg rocks to the east. But this view is strongly opposed by the fact that the Helderberg rocks do not show any indications of approach to a littoral region at Becratt mountain, but retain the same lthologic characters that they possess over a vast area. There would hence have to be assumed an extremely abrupt and improbable change in facies in the short distance of 20 miles from Becraft mountain to the outlier at Austerlitz. An exception to this seems to be made by the Oriskany sandstone, Esopus grit and Schoharie grit which not only contain sand and grit at Becraft mountain and in the Helder- bergs, but in some places as at Whiteport and Kingston, contain conglomerate beds. It is altogether probable that the material of these conglomerates was derived from the south and the Oriskany sandstone is too thin a layer (30 feet) at Becraft mountain, to be correlated with the thick mass of the Rensselaer grit (1400 feet). It is, however, possible that the Esopus and Schcharie grits which at Becraft mountain have a combined thickness of 300 feet and are similarly barren in fossils, once continued northeastward into the Rensselaer grit trough. Since they represent an invasion of the sea that came from the south and spread northward in the direction of the Rensselaer grit plateau, and the overlapping Rensselaer. grit is clearly the product of an invading, not a receding sea, it is a question for consideration whether the Rensselaer grit was not deposited in a long narrow embayment extending northward from the Oriskany-Esopus-Schoharie grit sea of southern New York. But in this case also, there is still to be explained the extremely rapid change from the typical Esopus grit of Becraft mountain to the red and green slates and coarse grits of the Austerlitz outlier, and the fact that the Esopus grit is thicker southward (700 feet in Orange county), and thins out toward Becraft mountain. The regular succession of the various members of the Lower and Middle Devonic in Becraft mountain with the same lithologic 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM characters as in the Helderbergs and much farther west and south is undeniable evidence that the Helderberg sea extended farther east than the present Rensselaer plateau and with unchanged or but little changed conditions. In this connection it is further to be con- sidered that the Rensselaer grit plateau has clearly its main exten- sion in a north and south direction, (according to Dale, there is a further outlier in Vermont) and represents a deposit in a long sub- meridional Appalachian trough. Its pebbles.of coarse and fine gneiss came from a short distance and the numerous Lower Cambric pebbles probably from places north of the plateau. It is therefore the deposit of an embayment which may have received its materials from the north. The entire absence of fossils in the nearby Becraft mountain formations is a further argument against correlation with the latter, as it indicates estuarine conditions greatly different from the marine conditions of the Helderbergian sea depositing the Becraft mountain rocks. These indications of estuarine conditions in the Rensselaer basin, consisting in the alternation of red and other highly colored shales with coarse grits and conglomerate and the barrenness of the beds in fossils, suggest a possible identity with the Catskill beds which loom up across the Hudson, thousands of feet thick and only 30 miles away from the outlier of Austerlitz. There is no doubt that - the deposits of the Catskill estuary must have extended to and be- yond the Rensselaer grit plateau ; the main extension of that estuary as already shown by the writer was in the same direction as the Kensselaer plateau. The thickness of the Rensselaer grit corre- sponds better with that of the Catskill beds than with any other, the lithologic characters are similar, and both have in common the barrenness in fossils. From the location of the Rensselaer grit plateau relative to the Siluric and Devonic rocks of New York and its lithologic char- acters, the Rensselaer grit would be most naturally connected with one or another of the two Devonic phenomena referred to, viz, the Oriskany invasion or the Catskill embayment. Eurypterus fauna of the Shawangunk grit. Reference has been made above to the discovery, after the determination of the age of the Shawangunk grit of Orange county as probably equiva- lent to the Salina of central New York, of beds bearing Eurypterus intercalated in these grits. In another place I have given a full account of the stratigraphy and character of this fauna and here briefly surnmarize the principal facts of this very noteworthy and THIRD, REPORT OF. THE DIRECTOR 1906 57 highly significant discovery. The Shawangunk grit throughout its extent along its western ridge from Ulster county into the Kitta- tinny mountains of New Jersey and on its eastern from Skunnemunk mimi, Orange co. to Green Pond, N. J., had never furnished fossils until the work of the past season brought them to light. In some of the Orange county exposures it has been found that above the basal conglomerate of the formation through the grit layers for a thickness of about 600 feet there are frequent repetitions of thin, lack shale layers, inconstant in extent and in number along the outcrops and most of them bearing the remains of merostome _ crustaceans, of the genera Eurypterus, Pterygotus, Hughmilleria and their allies. The fauna must have been an extensive one as the remains are various and abundant but the preservation leaves much to be desired especially in the case of larger crustaceans whose sur- face has afforded opportunity for shearing and consequent deforma- tion or destruction of the parts. Yet in some respects the preserva- tion has been remarkably favorable for small individuals and these shales have afforded the most diminutive examples of these inter- esting creatures yet brought to light. The presence here of the genus Hughmilleria, heretofore known only in the Pittsford shale at the base of the Salina series in Monroe county, is sufficient evi- dence of the contemporary age of this arenaceous mass. In themselves the fossils are extremely interesting affording some details of ontogeny not before recorded for these ancient Merostomes. It is entirely evident in the writer’s opinion that these crustacean faunules running through the strata for so great a thick- ness indicate temporary and very changeable brackish water pools over the surface of a rapidly accumulating delta derived from the drainage of the high folded lands to the northeast, the deposit laid down in an embayment entirely separated from the salt pans and Dead Sea conditions of central and western New York by a barrier lying approximately in the present position of the Helder- berg mountains. . Utica shale at Otisville. The Shawangunk grit at Otisville lies .unconformably on the so called “ Hudson River” shales and the exposures recently created at this spot have afforded some light on the proper correlation of the parts of this vast homogeneous for- mation. These rocks near Otisville have afforded a considerable number of ‘graptolites and the brachiopod Schizocrania filosa. The leading species of graptolites are Climacograp- Seep irealis = €.-bicornis and Diplograptus 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM quadrimucronatus, all characteristic of the Utica shale of the Mohawk valley. The aggregation shows the extension of the Utica shale fauna, hitherto traced by its fossils only to the neighborhood of Albany, into this southern belt of the formation and close to the boundary of New Jersey, in which state the continuation of the same shale belt has thus far furnished only the Normanskill (middle Trenton) graptolite fauna. SPECIAL PROBLEMS Graptolites of New York. In 10905, part 1 of a monograph of the graptolites of New York by Dr Ruedemann, Assistant Paleontologist, was issued. This work embraced the species of the earlier strata. The second part comprising species of the later Lower Siluric, Upper Siluric and Devonic has been in preparation for several years and is now completed. These faunas contain considerably more than 100 species, muta- tions and varieties, all from the State of New York. The scope of the work has, been extended as far as practicable to all the grap- tolite shales of the United States, for while through Hall’s pioneer work in this field the graptolite shales of New York have furnished the standard for all the graptolite beds of America; it is desirable that the occasion of this revision of the New York faunas should be used to compare these with those of the continent and to determine as far as possible the paleogeographic distribution of the various graptolite zones. One of the most interesting of these extralimital faunas is the Normanskill (middle Trenton) fauna from Alabama. This has been found directly between Trenton limestones, thereby demonstrating the correctness of the conclusion arrived at before by indirect evidence that the Normanskill graptolite shale is of Trenton age. This second part contains an introduction; chapters on the mor- phology of spines; on the disks in ~“Clamiaco@ pa piau bicornis ; on the vesicles upon the nemas in species of Diplo- graptus and Climacograptus which are found to be inflations of the outermost perisarcal layer, obviously serving to increase the buoyancy of the rhabdosomes, and on the so called axis or virgula of the Dicranograptidae which is found to be not homologous to that of the other Axonophora, but of different secondary origin. The composition of the successive faunal zones and their paleogeo- eraphic distribution are given, the careful comparison of the species with those of other countries allowing more correct correlations THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ICO5 59 than were formerly possible. It is found e.g. that both graptolites @eeeie Clinton shale Monograptus clintonensis and Retiolites venosus are identical with two graptolites (M. priodon and RR geinitzianus) that have a very wide distribution in Europe and characterize one of the many graptolite horizons of the European Upper Siluric. Thereby it becomes pos- sible to correlate with precision the upper Clinton beds of New York with a definite European graptolite horizon. Genera of the Paleozoic corals. On several occasions refer- ence has been made to the study of the Paleozoic corals which was Catried on during the later years of the life of Prof. James Hall and provisionally brought to a close not long after his death. The undertaking was one of broad scope and attended with many diff- culties.‘ So serious did the latter appear that it was deemed wise not to attempt the publication of the work in the form in which its author left it, but to insure its accuracy by placing it for revision in the hands of an expert student of the corals. My desire to bring about this revision has not been successful until this year when an arrangement was perfected with Dr T. Wayland Vaughan through which his services will be given to the work as he can command them. Dr Vaughan has been able to devote some time to this under- taking during the past season and will continue his efforts to un- travel a very tangled and involved problem which has already cost a large expenditure of time and effort. Devonic crinoids of New York. Sufficient progress has been made in the study of the crinoids to justify the expectation of early completion of the Camerate genera. Monograph of the Devonic fishes. This work, referred to in my last report, is now in press. _ Mastodons. In a previous report I entered into a detailed account of the discoveries of remains of mastodons in this State since the original excavation of such remains, a short distance below Albany, in 1705 [Report State Paleontologist 1903]. The following memoranda are here added to the record. CHEMUNG COUNTY ? 1799, 1855. The paragraph which follows is from Dr W. _M. Beauchamp’s bulletin on Indian Place Names in New York [N. NWesstate Mus. Bul. 108. 1907]. Chemung has various forms, as that of Skeemonk in 1777, and Siamdaneo in 1770, In 1757 the French spoke of the “Loups of 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ) Chaamonaque or Theoga,” meaning the Delawares living -at Tioga. It was written Shamunk in 1767, but usually Chemung. The river and an Indian village bore this name, which meant big horn. The village was burned in 1779. Zeisberger has Wschummo for horn, and the locative may be added. Spafford said: “ Chemung is said to mean big horn, or great horn, in the dialect of the Indian tribes that anciently possessed this country. And that a very large horn was found in the Tioga or Chemung river is well ascertained.” This was a Delaware name, and the river has another of similar meaning. In Schoolcraft’s larger work is a communication from Thomas Maxwell, who gave the usual definition and said that the name came from a large horn or tusk found in the river. Of course this must have been in colonial times to have originated the Delaware name. ‘The early settlers found a similar horn in the stream in 1799. It was sent to England, and an eminent scientist called it the tusk of an elephant or some similar animal. In 1855 Mr Maxwell added: One of much the same character was found on an island in the river below Elmira, a few weeks since, and it is now here. I have recently examined it. It is about 4 feet in length, of the crescent form, perhaps 3 to 4 inches in diameter. Capt. Eastman saw it yesterday and with others who have seen it pronounce it to be ivory, and a tusk of some large animal, probably now extinct. This is the third horn or tusk which has been found in the Chemung so that the name is likely to be perpetual. ORANGE COUNTY 1899. Parts of a skeleton were exhumed near the village of Arden on lands of Mr E. H. Harriman. Efforts made to secure all the bones resulted in uncovering only a few portions of the scapula or pelvis, leg, ribs and two teeth. The soil was peat or vegetable mold. CATTARAUGUS COUNTY 1906. Parts of a skeleton represented by 40 to 50 bones mostly vertebrae and foot bones were found in the banks of the State ditch along the Conewango creek close on the boundary between Cattar- augus and Chautauqua counties. The remains lay above a shelf of hard clay. Discovered and reported by ©. N. Eloatd and) Vous Hoard, Conewango valley, September 23, 1906. WESTCHESTER COUNTY 1906. A tooth and some small fragments of bone were found on the property of W. H. Fish, Hartsdale. Fossil plants. As opportunity has afforded, Mr David White has continued his investigations of the Devonic plants. He has given THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 61 special attention to the examination of the very large Upper Devonic “Lepidodendron”’ in the Museum—a specimen measur- ing 11 feet, 6 inches in length and with the root complete. As originally taken out this fine fossil had a length of 15 feet. Mr White has submitted the following note concerning this tree. Archaeosigillaria vanuxent Goepp. (sp.). This slab carries the basal portion of one of the earliest representatives of the great group of the Lepidophytes, a group of enormous extent and of treelike proportions in the older Coal Period (Carbonic), though survived now only by the relatively unimportant and humble Lycopodiales, including the club mosses (“ground pines” and “ground cedars”) in the flora of today. The forerunners of the Lepidophytes in the Devonic, found but rarely and in a very frag- mentary condition, were very much smaller than their Carbonic descendants from which they dificred by certain systematic char- BElErs. The stem here shown is extraordinary not only for its rarity, relatively fine preservation, and large size as compared with other Devonic plants, but also for the fact that it combines in one individ- ual trunk some of the features which serve to characterize and differentiate several distinct later lepidophytic groups. It represents the type ancestral to these groups. The base of the stem is truncated, probably as the result of decay of the main roots; but the small ribbonlike rootlets, articulated at typical stigmarian areolate scars, are still in evidence at the ex- treme butt. The latter is much dilated as the result of a very great thickening of the bark, and possibly by the development of some secondary (exogenous) wood in addition, so that the rows of leaf cushions are widely separated and frequently displaced in a way similar to that found in the base of some Carbonic sigillarian trunks and even in certain old trunks of Lepidodendron. Traces of leaf cushions are observable down to within 5 centimeters of the hottom of the specimen. The stem rapidly contracts above the enlarged base and the num- ber of leaf cushion rows, is, at the same time, greatly increased by the intercalation of new series. In this portion of the trunk the leaf cushions are sigillarian in form and they are placed in vertical rows, each row occupying the median area of a longitudinal rib, the cushions in the same row being separated by transverse grooves across the rib in an arrangement characteristic of the Favularian section of the Rhytidolepis group of the Carbonic Sigillariae. 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Halfway up the trunk the leaf cushions are longitudinally more distant, while those near the borders of the specimen exhibit a rhomboidal form, which is clearly in a spiral arrangement, similar to that familiar in the Lepidodendra. Still higher they are nar- rowly rhomboidal, or obscurely fusiform, closely placed, slightly asymmetrical, and partially overlapped obliquely in the same vertical row. In this portion of the trunk the spiral arrangement is very sharp and the vertical costation is obscure except where exagger- ated by lateral pressure along the median zone. In fact the form and arrangement of the cushions are essentially characteristic of the Carbonic Lepidodendrons. They are typical of the Devoniec lepidophytic material described by authors as Lepidodendron, though really differing from this genus by the characters of the leaf scar. An interesting phase in the preservation of the trunk (seen at two thirds of its length) consists of the aspect of imbricated bracts or slivers. The latter correspond to the casts of the nerve sheaths. passing outward and upward through the cortical tissues which in this region are partially macerated. The structure observed in this portion of the trunk is that sometimes seen also in partly decayed trunks of Lepidodendron, Bothrodendron and Asolanus, and repre- sents the false genus, or condition of preservation, described as Knorria. The leaf scars are well shown in the second and third quarters of the specimen. The scar, placed on the upper part of the cushion, is longitudinally oval and is provided with relatively long crescentic lateral cicatricules (parichnoi) that form a horseshoe beneath the nerve trace in the subepidermal impressions. - As in most of the other Devonic representatives of this group the leaves seem to have adhered to the bark, even after the branches and trunk had attained considerable size. Short, rather lax, slender, and inconspicuous examples, standing nearly at a right angle to the trunk, may be observed at various points along the periphery of the stem, especially on the left near the top. In form and habit they agree with the leaves of Lepidodendron and Bothrodendron. As a whole, the trunk is seen to combine rootlet characters of Stigmaria; dilation and leaf cushion form and arrangement char- acteristic of Sigillaria in the lower part and of Lepidodendron in the upper portion; and a Knorria structure similar to that found in Lepidodendron, Bothrodendron, and the sigillarian Asolanus while the leaf scars are in character nearest to those of Cyclostigma (Bothrodendron), with which, as well as Lepidodendron, the leaves THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 63 themselves agree. The specimen represents a Devonic type that was ancestral to the Carbonic groups, Bothrodendreae, Lepidoden- dreae, and Sigiilariae, mentioned above. Though combining and foreshadowing some of the distinctive characters of the later groups, it differs generically from all by the combination of these features, by the angle of the leaf spirals (phyllotaxy) and the details of the leaf scar itself. Locahty. Mouth of Grimes gully, 2 miles west of Naples, N. Y. Formation. Hatch shale. Stage. Upper Portage. Til MeO Ob ttt SbATLE, BOLANIST The State Botanist reports that the number of species of plants added to the flora of the State is 67. The number of species of which specimens have been added to the State herbarium is 155. Of these, 59 are species new to the herbarium, 95 not new. Of the former number 19 are considered new or undescribed species ard descriptions of these will be found in his separate annual report. A list of the names of the added species is given under the title “ Species added to the herbarium.” Though the season for the most part has been unfavorable to the development of fleshy fungi the investigation and collection of specimens of these interesting plants have been continued and 38 species of fungi have been added to our mycological flora. Of these 16 are new species. There have been added also I new species of panic grass and 2 new species of Crataegus or thorn bushes. . The trial of the edible quality of species of wild mushrooms has been continued as opportunity was found and has resulted in finding 11 species deemed worthy of addition to the list of edible fungi. This raises the list of New York edible species of mush- rooms to 183. Of the 11 added species, 9 have been illustrated by colored figures of natural size on 6 octavo plates. Figures of ies2 temainine species, Russula earlei Pk. and Boletus musosteceps Pk have already been given; the former in Bulletin 67, plate N, figures 5-10, the latter in Bulletin 94, plate O, figures 6-10. The collection of specimens of species of Crataegus has been continued. Specimens have been procured in the northern, eastern, 64. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM central and southwestern parts of the State. The number of species added to the flora and represented by specimens in the herbarium is 8. Of these, 2 are new to science. Many specimens of this genus yet await identification. About 20 species of trees are represented by botanical specimens not included in the foregoing enumeration. These were collected for the purpose of replacing those that were damaged or lost in the St Louis and Portland Expositions. During the interval between the collecting seasons of 1905 and 1906 the annual report for 1905 was prepared, an additional table case of specimens of parasitic fungi was placed on exhibition and the contribution of the Osaka Mushroom Merchants Associa- tion, the receipt of which was acknowledged in the annual report for 1905, was prepared for exhibition and placed in the botanical exhibit room of the State Museum. A revision of the New York species of the two large and somewhat difficult genera, Russula and Flygrophorus, was made and in many cases more complete and satisfactory descriptions of the species have been written. The assistant in botany has been chiefly occupied with office work. He has incorporated the collections of 1905 in-their proper places, has disinfected and labeled the specimens, attended to the correspondence in the absence of the Botanist, identifying specimens sent for determination and giving information sought concern- ing them. He has prepared a card catalogue with descriptive refer- ences of the new species of fungi described by the Botanist. Species added to the herbarium New to the herbarium Allionia hirsuta Pursh & noveboracensis Sarg. Amanitopsis pulverulenta Pk. C: scabrida Sarg. Ascochyta pisi Lib. Gs tenella Ashe Aster arcifolius Bu. Cynoglossum boreale Fern. A. elaeagnus Bu. Didymium clavus (4. & S.) Rabenh. A. fragrans Bu. Dryopteris pittsfordensis Slosson A. multiformis Bu. Entoloma minus Pk. ~ A. violaris Bu. Flammula expansa Pk. Boletus subpunctipes PR. Gaura coccinea Pursh Caryospora cariosa Fairm. Hydnum luteopallidum Schw. Collybia campanella Pk. Hygrophorus burnhami Pk. (O lacerata Lasch. Pak luridus B. & C. Cortinarius intrusus Pk. Hypocrea pallida E. & E. & validipes Pk. Inocybe pallidipes FE. & E. Crataegus arcana Beadle Lepiota asperula Atk. Cc bissellii Sarg. 1 eriophora Pk. Be cognata Sarg. Leptoglossum fumosum Pk. ee deltoides Ashe Linum medium (Planch.) Britton ce habereri Sarg. Marasmius phyllophilus PR. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 65 Mycena albogrisea Pk, Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. Ohleria modesta Fckl. Omphalia pusillissima Pr. Panicum deminutivum PR. . Peckiella hymenii Pk. Phyllosticta ampelopsidis E. & M. iP: smilacis E. & E. P: sphaeropsidea E. & E. Pleurotus terrestris Pk. Polyporus galactinus Berk. Puccinia peckii (DeT.) Kell. Russula foetentula PR. modesta PR. R. pectinatoides Pk. R. vesca Fr. Scleroderma tenerum B. & C. Septoria lycopersici Speg. Steccnerinum adustulum Banker Stemonitis smithit Macb. Tricholoma hirtellum Pk. Viola incognita Brainerd Not new to the herbarium Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd. ) Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sacc. Aquilegia canadensis L. Arctium lappa L. Asarum canadense L. Aster camptilis Bu. claytoni Bu. AS concolor L. Boletus auriporus Pk. frostii Russ. B. nigrellus PR. B. peckit Frost B. rugosiceps Pk. Bromus tectorum L. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Catastoma circumscissum (B. & C.) Chrysomyxa pyrolae (DC.) Rostr. Carysopsis mariana Nutt. Clavaria botrytoides Pk. Ge. cristata Pers. Clitocybe amethystina (Bolt.) G. monadelpha Morg. o ocaropurpurea Berk. Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.) Fr. Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Cornus alternifolia L. f. candidissima Marsh. Crataegus caesariata Sarg. coccinea L. ferentaria Sarg. illuminata Sarg. intricata Lange laneyi Sarg. pedicellata Sarg. pringléi Sarg. punctata Jacq. spissiflora Sarg. tenuiloba Sarg. Craterellus cantharellus (Schw.) Cypripedium acaule Ait. Daedalea quercina CE) Pers: Dasystoma virginica (L.) Britt. Dryopteris boottii (Tuck.) Und. D. cristata (L.) Gray D. crist. clintoniana (Eat.) D. simulata Dav. Eleccharis inter. habereri Fern. E. melanocarpa Torr. Gentiana crinita Froel. anaaaaaana Hydnum aurantiacum A. & S. fennicum (Karst.) Sacc. imbricatum L. repandum L. vellereum Pk. zonatum Batsch Hypopitys lanuginosa (M-x.) Nutt. Ilex vert. cyclophylla Robins. Inocybe calamistrata Fr. Irpex canescens Fr. Lactarius ful. fumosus PR. ioe pee be pergamenus Fr. lise piperatus Fr. 1s vellereus Fr. ils volemus Fr. Lespedeza angustifolia Pursh le _hirta (L.) Britt. Te virginica (L.) Lobelia dortncana fe Lycopus sessilifolius Gray Meibomia marilandica (L.) Kuntze M. rigida (Ell.) Kuntze Monarda punctata L. Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Physarum lateritium (B. & R.) Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. sulphureus (Bull.) Poly stichum acrostichoides (Mv~.) Polystictus simillimus PR. subsericeus Pk. Populus balsamifera L. Russula carlei PR. Sagina procumbens L. Scirpus atro. pycnocephalus Fern. S. « cyp. pelius Fern. Senecio obovatus A/uhl. Solidago tenuifolia Pursh Sporobolus serotinus (Torr.) Gray Stereum versicolor Fr. Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Trillium erect. album Pursh Tricholoma alboflavidum Pk. nudum (Bull.) Fr. Viburnum lentago L. Viola blanda Willd. Ma cucullata Ait. V. fimbriatula Sm. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tv REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST The State Entomologist reports that the season of 1906 has been marked by relatively few extensive depredations by insects pests. This is particularly true of the forms affecting garden, vegetable and other common farm crops. A remarkable large South Ameri- can moth (Thysania zenobia Cramer) was taken in Albany the last of September. This magnificient moth has a wing spread of about 5 inches and its occurrence in this city is undoubtediy due to its having been brought north with a boat load of bananas or other tropical fruit. This capture is an example of the way in which insects are distributed through commercial agencies, though in the present instance it happens to be a species which can not sustain itself in this latitude. Fruit tree insects. The San José scale is still regarded as a serious pest of the horticulturist though the experience of recent years has demonstrated beyond question the practicability of keep- ing this insect in cheek by thorough and timely applications of a iime-sulfur wash. Our experiments conducted during a series of years show this insecticide to be fully as satisfactory as any other material which has been employed, despite the fact that a number of new preparations have been put on the market in recent years. These latter, though they possess certain very desirable qualities, have not been tested sufficiently so that they can be recommended without qualification. We find the grape root worm still abundant in the Chautauqua region and the present indications are that some vineyards may be seriously injured by its depredations within a year or two. This insect, as experience has shown, is more or less local in its opera- tions and general predictions regarding its work are in most cases rather hazardous. Shade tree problem. This phase of practical entomology has made considerable demands upon our time in the last few years. This has been due in large part to extensive defoliations of street and park trees in many cities and villages of the State by the white marked tussock moth, a species which rarely occurs in destructive numbers outside of municipalities and villages, and one easily con- trolled by intelligent effort. The elm leaf beetle has been particu- larly destructive in the Hudson valley and has become established in cities and villages in other portions of the State. The work of these THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1976 67 leaf feeders and their allies has created a great demand for infor- mation along these lines. A number of popular articles have been sent to the local press in various parts of the State, urging the adoption of comprehensive measures for the protection of trees. It is gratifying to state that considerable interest has been aroused and most commendable efforts made to protect the trees. This plan, if carried out, provides for the protection of the trees from year to year — something which we have been advocating for some time. and it is hoped that cities and villages will adopt the measures recommended. ! ui A — = = ac & = ~\ ——— = ———— Go fe te vane of E ——— XY y > Sy % SS) ™~ oy \ S & Ny v SX ™“™S It LAND LEvee Ze Ze a eee es 4 ae ee a eS ee ee gy Se Bee a Yee —_— S) a = Y= ow Ee Map of Dewey’s knoll on the William Young farm, Ripley, Chautauqua Co.; the site of an ancient Erie Indian fort, village and burial ground THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 75 be assumed in sleeping. The head was placed toward no particular cardinal point although in the majority of cases the face was turned toward the east or west and rarely to the south. The majority of skeletons were those of mature adults although there were a few infants and young adults. Field measurements of the bones indicate that the race was one memedtinanl bieht, 5 feet, 7 or 8 inches, perhaps being the average. A few skeletons were found that approached 6 feet. That the race was stocky is shown by the heavy development of muscular ridges, especially in the case of males whose bones were large. The loose sand affording good drainage preserved the bones when they were not buried directly upon the clay stratum, but in either case by the shifting of the sand or through some other agency, most of the skulls were broken or crushed while other bones were in a much better state of preservation. Some of the complete skulls obtained are of exceptional interest. In form, all are either dolicho- cephalic or subdolichocephalic, none being of the brachycephalic type common to the regions of the “mound builder” culture 100 miles west. A large percentage of skulls from Erie sites, 30 miles east are characterized by aveolar prognathism, but among the 100 from the Ripley site, only two were found with this development. The os incae was observed in a few cases and also instances of wormian bones in pairs. In one skull, the os japonicum, that is the lewer portion of a malar bone when divided by a suture, was noted. The skulls are mostly of a high type, the average capacity being 1587 cubic centimeters for males and 1440 for females. The aver- age cephalic index would be perhaps 74.5, and the nasal index 47. A careful study of all the morphological characteristics will be made in the laboratory and reported in another place and may slightly modify the averages here given. In a few cases humeri were ob- served in which the olecranon cavity was perforated. In two instances an examination of the femur revealed the processes termed the third trochanter and hypotrochanteric fossa. With the exception of two cases of ankylosis, no pathological conditions were noted. There are a number of bones, however, that indicate the repair of a breakage. Only in a few cases were possible clues to the cause of death discovered. In several skeletons triangular arrowheads were found between the vertebrae and in other parts of the osseous structure. A remarkable form of ankylosis was observed in the case of an aged male whose entire spine had become cemented into one solid 70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM bone. One low type female skull marked by prognathism and wormian bones has the frontal bone crushed, depressed and a per- foration filled by osseous matter. The graves were from 12 inches to 70 inches below the surface of the ground, but eliminating these extremes, 42 inches would be the average. The graves seem to have been lined with bark which in some instances was charred owing to the custom of building a fire ii the grave to drive out the dampness and “warm the bed” in which the sleeper must rest so long. In other Erie graves else- where fire pits are almost without exception found in the top soil above. These are the remains of the ceremonial watch and feast fires that were customarily burned for 10 days. Here, however, only one out of 10 graves had the watch fire pit above. Perhaps 50 years of plowing had obliterated the shallow pits. In some places the burials were crowded together, some almost intruding on others.. The most valuable and interesting objects found by the expedi- tion were discovered in the graves and include terra cotta vessels of various forms and ornamentation, pipes of the local clay or of stone, objects of shell, bone, chipped flint, polished stones, celts, bar celts and other articles. In several graves small pieces of iron were found, indicating European contact. Two graves yielded com- plete outfits for the manufacture of chipped flints, the stone ham- mers, anvils, flakers and pitching tools being together in one spot as if originally inclosed in a bag which afterward decayed. Where copper ornaments had been used the flesh, garment, or fabric in immediate contact with the copper or brass was preserved by the copper salts which were freed by natural agencies or by the acids tormed by decomposition. In graves where copper was present, human flesh, skin, nails, hair and bones and animal skins, bark, wood, fabrics, vegetable matter, etc. were preserved by the copper. In one instance a lower arm incased by copper bands, each finger also being covered by a wide copper ring of native make, was almost entirely preserved by the copper salts. Upon exposure the flesh fell apart in strips baring the green copper-stained bone. The hair preserved by the copper is fine and black and the finger nails small and shapely. The pottery vessels from the graves exhibit a wide range of forms, the old Iroquoian square top with raised corners, the southern cord-racked, and the pitcher-nosed being among the rarer forms. At least 20 pots are in absolutely perfect condition, 20 more have small breaks and perhaps 30 more are badly crushed, although THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 7h some may be restored. Because of the many unique features, the collection of pots may be regarded as the most remarkable ever taken from a single site in New York State. Among the interesting products of the aboriginal Erie potter are six terra cotta pipes each differing in form from the other. Especi- ally beautiful is a pipe having a bow] shaped like a human head with a delicately molded face on either side. Four carved stone pipes of unique forms were taken from the burials. The material of which they are made is foreign to the locality and seems to be trans- Mississippian. In the upper stratum of the soil above the ash pits, three other stone pipes were found, one a crude imitation in the local shale of the beak or claw pipe, and the other two, pipe bowls of the Wisconsin form. A large number of polished, picked and rough edged stone celts were found, some of which are rare forms in New York. Shell articles were not common, but one necklace of discoidal beads having two shell gorgets and a long pendant was found about the neck of an aged female. Flint objects were commonly found in graves especially those of males and include spears, knives, arrow- heads of the triangular form, blank blades and chips. Black and red pigments were sometimes found in little deposits near the skulls. Pits in village site. Fifty ash and refuse pits were opened in the village section of the site and yielded quantities of relics. The pits here were from 2 to 5 feet deep and in general had diameters equal to depths. The ash and carbonaceous matter in the pits, as is the case in all ash pits wherever found, preserved the bone and antler objects of which large numbers were found. Of the bone articles many beautiful ones were discovered, among which may be mentioned awls, beads, needles, shuttles, markers, balls, hooks, pendants, tubes and various objects the use of which is conjectural. The antler implements include spades, hoes, picks, punches, pitching tools, awls, flakers, pendants, chisels and scrapers.. There were also scrapers made of beaver teeth and several kinds of perforated animal teeth found. Stone objects were numerous, all the common types being represented. Several pottery cups and thousands of pot fragments were taken from the pits. One sherd is particularly interesting from the fact that it is decorated with two parallel bands of brown on a back- ground of orange. Whether this is an intentional decoration or an accident of baking is difficult to determine but if the color decora- 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tion was purposely made it represents a development hitherto unknown in New York Indian pottery. A few shell beads of native handiwork found in the pits are of the ordinary Iroquoian type. Great quantities of animal bones, split and cracked for the mar- row, were found in nearly all the ash pits. Of the animal bones identified the following is a list: beaver, bear, buffalo, elk, deer, raccoon, rabbit, woodchuck, skunk, fisher, squirrel, wildcat, porcu- pine, turtle, sturgeon, catfish, perch, billfish, mullet and pike. Vegetable matter preserved by carbonization includes corn, nuts of various kinds, wood, grass, reeds and a section of a hollow pipe stem. The thousands of specimens taken from the Ripley site form a most valuable accession to the-Museum and represent the first suc- cessful effort to obtain a collection wholly by the research method, and by this method only may every scientific requirement be satis- fied. Accurate and painstaking notes were made and scores of maps, diagrams, drawings and photographs were made to supple- ment the written descriptions. Every specimen was numbered in the field and a full description of the spot in which it was found, with all the circumstances, was filled in on a data slip. Every ash pit and grave may be mathematically charted on a map of the site made by a careful survey. Every important specimen was photographed exactly as found and all skeletons were carefully exposed and photographed before a bone was moved. The rapidity with which the objects were found made it impos- sible to make a complete study in the field, but a full report of the important scientific results of the expedition will be embodied in a report to be published at a later date. Archeological collections acquired by purchase. Since the last report three large collections of archeological material have been — acquired. The first was obtained from Joseph E. Mattern of West Rush. It is especially valuable for the polished slate articles it con- tains as well as for the splendid series of stone and bone objects representative of the Genesee valley. A collection of prehistoric Onondaga relics, a collection of relics trom Algonkin fishing camps and a collection of objects similar to those of Eskimoan culture, from Jefferson county were purchased from Dr R. W. Amidon of Chaumont. These collections are most valuable for the bone objects of an ancient occupation, which they contain. LER DRE PORDT OF Eh DIRECTOR 1906 79 A collection of New York relics was also obtained from William Peeopea, of North East, Pa. his comprises a large number of beautifully polished celts, slate gorgets, and highly polished articles of oolitic limestone. One of the notable specimens is a war club of curly maple which was found on the battlefield at Herkimer in 1701. It is one of the finest war clubs in the Museum. Another unique specimen in this collection is a wine press of stone, ingeniously wrought, found at Ripley. During the early part of the year and up to June the Archeologist made several trips to the different Indian reservations and purchased a number of objects of ethnologic importance. These objects are the same in design and pattern as those of like character used two centuries ago and nearly all were found in actual use, a fact which illustrates the tenacity with which the Iroquois cling to their own culture. The relics purchased include carved baby boards, ceremonial masks, wooden bowls, wooden ladles and spoons, ceremonial tom-- toms, rattles, fans, baskets, sticks and poles, beaded blankets, strips,. baby wrappings, leggings and skirts, silver brooches, earrings, dress ornaments and one silver crown. This crown or hat band is one of the largest made by the Iroquois and the last treasured insignia ot the Tonawanda sachems. Tall Peter’s crown. Tall Peter the elder was one of the early chiefs of the Seneca-Iroquois. In the memorable year, 1776, Noh-ka-ga-ah of the Turtle clan, or Tall Peter, as the white people afterward called him, was born in a bark lodge on the banks of the Cattaraugus, near Lake Erie. His mother’s father had been a war chief, and he therefore was heir to the office. When he reached maturity the women nominated him and the warriors elected him war chief of the Senecas. It was then that his grandmother placed upon his head the crown which he afterward wore on all ceremonial occasions. Ever since the advent of the white man up to within 25 years the democratic Iroquois have worn silver crowns and decorations. Money to them was an incomprehensible commodity ; Wampum was their medium of exchange. But to the savage everything had utility, so the New York savages hammered their silver into symbolic brooches and crowns. ; With the increased influx of money and the depreciation of Wampum a man’s wealth was determined by the amount of silver he could fasten upon his buckskins, and it is a tradition that Tall Peter So NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM could cover his broadcloth costume with brooches so thickly that he looked as if covered with the scales of a fish. Above this glittering suit, resting upon his raven locks was his crown, its curiously graven lines symbolizing his office. Although still smarting under the effects of Sullivan’s campaign, when the War of 1812 broke out the New York Indians offered their services to the United States. Some enlisted in the regular army, but most of them, many women, too, fought as allies. Tall Peter, being a war captain, donned his crown and led his company against the British. His shining crown made him the mark of hostile bullets, but he believed it a charm, for he emerged from the war without a scratch. He was discharged from the army in Buffalo. Some of his compatriots had rather strange names and the roster cf Indian veterans of the War of 1812 brings to light such names as Old Fish Hook, Tall Chief, Straight Back, George Washington, Corn Planter,. Red Jacket, One” Hiundred,. Two Gis, iT weny Canoes, Heap of Dogs and Devil’s Ram Rod. VII PUBLICATIONS A list of the scientific publications issued during the year 1905-6 with those now in press and treatises ready for printing is attached hereto. The publications issued are 15 in number on a variety of topics covering the whole range of our scientific activity. They embrace 2188 pages of text, 249 plates and 7 colored maps. The labor of preparing this matter, verifying, editing and correct- ing is onerous and-exacting. Taken together it excellently indicates the activity and diligence of the staff of this division. - Annual report 1 2d Report of tne Director, State Geologist and Paleontologist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1905. 102p. Contents: Introduction IV “Report -of the State “anes I Condition of the scientific mologist collections Avi Report on zoology II Report of the State Geol- | VI Report on archeology ogist and Paleontologist VIL Publications Geology VIII Organization and staff Mineralogy IX Accessions Paleontology xX Localities of American Pale- Special problems ozoic fossils III Report of the State Botanist | Index nd ‘jassaa Araqjod & SYM UOJATAYS 9Y} YIM “Oulurvmoadr ATWO Anwaz ay} Jo uo1ji0d v pue [[nys ay} Jo yavd 2 ‘payquinios AjaItjus Jsow[B pvy sauod 9 J, "DABIS OY} oJUL UMOP ATJOAIIp SULYOO'T UWediny %S Wowie WP aa vz 211d ‘ . s Dand ai i » 7 ‘4 . Plate 25 Grave pit 9, trench 3, Ripley. This grave contained the crumbling skeleton of an adult male. With the skeleton at the place indicated by the photo- graph was found a pipe of a most peculiar form (ee poll BB, TNs vale Plate 26 Grave pit 44, Ripley. This grave was 49’ below the surface, the dimensions of the excavation being 5’ 6’ x 6’. It contained the remains of an adult male of mature years. The face of the skull was turned toward the west and the top of the head to the south. The skeleton lay on its left side. Above the skull in the position indicated by the photograph was a most unusual pipe molded from the local clay [see pl. 33, fig. 2]. Januslike, this pipe has a face on either side and is one of the finest representations of the human face seen on any Iroquoian pottery. Above the skull were the inferior and superior max- illae of a young Ursus americanus, probably all that remains of a bear skin head or shoulder robe. There was much charred wood in the bottom of the grave. The bones of the skeleton were badly decayed but were removed. The skull was ina very poor condition and of little value. The hight of the individual, judging by the measurements of the bones, would approximate 5/ 7”, SS Plate 27 Eimo2nadt so intrench tO contamed the molar teeth of a child of 12) years: The excavation was probably a grave although no other osseous matter beyond the teeth was found. In the grave were two pottery vessels as shown in the photograph. One of the vessels is of an unusual form and contains a large quantity of charred tobacco ashes and the bowl of a terra cotta pipe. Ripley, NEY 2 < ‘ i : ° . » 4 oy ra “ ‘ 7 a. 7 a n i ~ ? \ 4 i _ 4 “ o ’ 4 : ‘ = - = an. 1 Or _—" ne Ae eee oat i ee . Vee ah sega cdl Listeria tee Sarre i Mt ae | aes at j ~ ~ 7 va . ‘3 ou » . 2 ‘ ° . : = cays . vil Plate 28 tate ie ee - Grave pit 92, Ripley, at 84 feet in trench 10 was 3’ 4’ deep. It contained the decayed bones of an adult male of mature years. The spinal column was in one solid piece, the result of ankylosis. With the skeleton at the places indicated by the photograph were a double edged celt, a perfect pottery vessel, typically Erian, and a stone effigy pipe, representing some mythical animal ezrin 33. fic. 3). Plate 29 Grave pit 96 at Ripley contained the skeleton of an aged female, the lower right arm of which was almost entirely preserved by the copper salts formed from the heavy copper arm bands and finger rings. ‘Two infants’ skeletons were found at her side and the skeleton of a headless male, near which was found one of the rarest of implements, a bar celt. Ten pottery vessels were buried in this family grave. . é - re 2 ? E ' 5 * 3 < ~~ is * Plate 30 Necklace of shell disks found about the neck ofa female skeleton, oe pe Moy ethemch 16, at 20 om the west side. Ripley, N.Y. Restrang bead fo bead as found. Plate 31 1 1 Terra cotta vessel from pit 92 2 Pottery vessel from pit 4, trench 3 3 Pot from grave pit 104 All from Ripley Plate 32 t Pot with an extended nose like a pitcher found in grave pit 69 at 20’ in This is one of the unique pieces from the Ripley site. 2 Pottery vessel 1 from pit 62. This pot is typical of the Ripley site. 3 Pottery vessel 2 from pit 62, Ripley. It was this pot that contained the tobacco ash and pipe. The rim ornament on the pot is unusual. trench 12. Plate 33 I Terra cotta pipe from pit 9, trench 3. nipple over which a stem is designed to stem is inserted. 2 Terra cotta pipe from grave pit 44 3 Effigy pipe from grave 92 4 Double edged celt from grave 92 All from Ripley This pipe is unique in that it has a fit. In the ordinary pipe bowl the Polished stone objects from the William A. Spear collection: I Sharply beveled celt from vicinity of Findley lake 2 Highly polished war club head of marble 3 Polished cup of oolitic limestone. 3a view from bottom 4 Pipe bowl of oolitic limestone, 3 views 5 Small pestle or plummet 6-8 Gorgets from Findley lake Implements of walrus ivory and bone from the R. W. Amidon collection, Jefferson county, N. Y. %7 task Plate 36 Implements of bone and Ivory from Jefferson county. Many of the speci- mens in the R. W. Amidon collection, from which these objects are selected, show a marked similarity to those of the Eskimo, Plate 37 Stone press for expressing juice from fruits and berries. ‘This unique speci- Men is from the William A. Spear collection and was found at Ripley. Plate 38 HERON FEATHER FANS Used in the ceremonies of the Seneca Order of the Eagle, a native Indian fraternity of great antiquity. These fans belonged to Gaioyade the chanter of the Eagles, and a member of the Heron clan. Heron feather fans must always have six feathers but a fan of eagle feathers may have only four. A picture accompanying these specimens illustrated the use of the fans and rattles in the lodge ceremonies of the Eagles. Obtained at Newton, Cattaraugus Reservation, near Lawtons Station, N. Y. March 30, 1906 Plate 39 Modern form of the old style Seneca headdress or Gus-to-weh. This ceremonial headpiece was used by Chief Sai-no-wa, Inclined Post, in the Great Feather dance, in which ceremony he was one of the two chanters of the ritual. The chief, although he weighs 320 pounds, is an athlete of local fame, being an expert lacrosse player. He holds the unique record of having at the Pan-American Exposition caught a ball at the goal which he was guard- ing and throwing it across the field into the goal opposite. The admiring tribesmen of Sainowa say the big chief has big medicine. Plate 40 Tall Peter’s silver crown, the last treasured crown of the Tonawanda sachemis, THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 81 Memoirs 2 No. 8 Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. Felt. v. 1, 460p. 48pl. Contents: Preface Introduction Injuries caused by insects Shade trees and adjacent prop- erty affected Definitions and classification Important groups of insects affecting forest trees Literature Transformations of insects Parasitic and predaceous en- emies General preventive measures Birds By E. P. Common shade trees and their principal insect enemies More important shade tree pests Destructive borers Destructive leaf feeders Destructive sucking insects The battle of the weak or interest- ing facts about aphids More important forest tree pests Enemies of deciduous trees - Wood and bark borers Leaf feeders Sucking insects Explanation of plates Remedial measures Index Selection and planting of trees Bulletins Geology 3 No. 95 Geology of the Northern Adirondack Region. By i F..Cushine. Contents: Introduction Summary of geologic history Precambric history _ Early Paleozoic history Later Paleozoic changes of level Paleozoic disturbances Paleozoic igneous activity Paleozoic erosion Mesozoic history Cenozoic history Glacial history Postglacial history The rocks Precambric rocks Paleozoic rocks Rock structures Foliation Folds 188p. 4 No. 96 Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. 17pl. map. Ogilvie. Contents: Introduction 54P. Topography and geology of the | Adirondacks Recent geologic work Location and topography of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle Physiography and glaciology Cambric drainage lines Peneplains Summary of the preglacial ero- sion history I5pl. 3 maps. Paleozoic rocks (continued) Faults Joints Topography Introduction Prepotsdam topography Paleozoic topography Appalachian uplift Mesozoic base-leveling Peneplains Main axis of elevation Lake belt Faults as topographic features North plain Northern hills and valleys Streams Lakes Index Bye elt. Age of lower base-level Glacial deposits and drainage modifications General geology Summary of evidence of relative age of igneous rocks Petrography Petrography of sedimentary rocks Petrography of igneous rocks Summary and conclusions Economic geology Index 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Economic geology 5 No. 100 Fire Tests of Some New York Building Stones. By W. BE. McCourt. 4op: s2opl: Contents: Introductory note _ Description of fire tests Previous investigations of refrac- Granites and gneisses toriness | Sandstones Effect of fire on stones | Limestones Tests | _ Marble Granites and gneisses | Summary Sandstones | Petrographic descript:on of stones Limestones | tested Marble References Index 6 No. 102 Mining and Ouarry Industry of New )Yoskeames Report. By Dy Ho. Newland: 2162p. Contents: | Pretace | Iron ore (continued) Introduction Occurrence Mineral production of New Notes on mining developments York in 1904 . Marl Mineral production of New | Millstones York in 1905 Mineral paint Apatite | Mineral waters Carbon dioxid | Natural gas Cement | lea Clay | Petroleum Occurrence and character of , Pyrite clays | Ouarkz Utilization of shale ) Salt Production of claysmaterials 9 Sand Manufacture of building brick Slate Other clay materials | Stone Pottery Production of stone Crude clay | Granite Diatomaceous earth i ILimvestome Emery , “Marble i: Feldspar Sandstone Fullers earth ) “ap Garnet. me deailic Graphite | Zinc and lead Gypsum ' Directory of mines and quarres Iron ore Ne lemdiex: Production | Mineralogy 7 No. 98 Contributions from the Mineralogic Laboratory. By H. P. Whitlock. 38p. 7pl. Contents: Minerals from Rondout, Ulster Calcite from Howes cave co. Datolite from Westfield, Mass. Calcite from Union Springs, Explanation of plates Cayuga co. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 83 Paleontology 8 No. 92 Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie Region. Contents: Prelace Introduction I Stratigraphy of the region 2 Stratigraphy of the region (continued) 3 Stratigraphy of the region (continued) 4 Stratigraphy of the region (continued) & Characteristic sections in the Schoharie region Schoharie Schoharie Schoharie Schoharie Qg No. 90 Cephalopoda of the tions of Champlain Basin. 38pl. Contents: Preface Introduction I Previous investigations 2 Sections for reference Terminology Order Nautiloidea Species from Philipsburg, Canada Synoptic taxonomy of the Cepha- lopoda By A. W. Grabau. 3160p. 24pl. map. 6 Characteristic sections in the Helderbergs RSS OLehOSSMs nOUmMG | cil: othe formations of the Schoharie region | 8 Physiography of the Schoharie region '@ The Schoharie region in its re- lation to man Glossary of technical terms Index Beekmantown and Chazy Forma- By Rudolph Ruedemann. 226p. Synoptic table of the distribution of the Cephalopoda Synoptic table of the distribution of some of the genera Relations of the cephalopod faunas to the faunas of other regions Bibliography Explanation of plates Index 10. No. 99 Geology of the Buffalo Quadrangle. By D. D. Luther. 32p. map. Contents: Preface Succession of strata Upper Siluric Salina beds Devonic Oriskany sandstone horizon Onondaga limestone _ Devonic (continued) Marcellus beds Hamilton beds Genesee beds Portage beds Index 11 No. 101 Geology of the Penn Yan-Hammondsport Quad- rangles. Contents: Introduction Mesodevonic Moscow shale Neodevonic Tully limestone Genesee black shale Genundewa limestone West River black shale Middlesex black shale Cashaaua shale Parrish limestone By Da Wm buther. 28p. map. Neodevonic (continued) Rhinestreet shale Hatch shale and flags Grimes sandstone West Hill flags and shales High Point sandstone Prattsburg shales and flags Chemung sandstones '_ Undulations of the strata Index 84 12 Contents: 13 No. 103 Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Entomology Introduction General entomologic features Office work Special investigations Publications Collections of insects Nursery certificates Voluntary observers Acknowledgments Injurious insects Notes for the year. Fruit tree insects Shade tree insects Garden insects Miscellaneous Beneficial insects Topl. Contents: Introduction Gipsy moth Destructiveness Danger of spreading into New York Description History in America Life history Food plants No. 97 REbot of the State Entomologist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1904. 246p. topl. Voluntary entomologic service List of publications of the Ento- mologist Contributions to collection Appendix: Insect exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Studies in Culicidae Jassidae of New York State. BERT OSBORN List of Hemiptera Taken in the HER- Adirondack Mountains. E. P. - VAN DUZEE List of Lepidoptera Daken gat Keene Valley. G. F. Comstock Explanation of plates Index By. P. Pelizaaipe Brown tail moth Destructiveness Distribution Description Life history Food plants - Irritation caused by the hairs Natural enemies Remedial measures Natural enemies Bibliography Recommendations Explanation of plates Bibliography | Index 14 No. 104 21st Report of the State Entomologist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1905. 144p. Iopl. Contents: Introduction Notes for the year ° General entomologic features San José scale Grape root worm Gipsy and brown tail moths Shade and forest tree insects Mosquitos Aquatic insects Publications Collections Office work Nursery certificates Voluntary: observers: Historical Acknowledgments Injurious insects Fruit tree insects Grass and grain insects Shade tree insects Forest tree insects Miscellaneous The shade tree problem in New York State Mosquito control Studies in Cecidomyiidae Voluntary entomologic service List of publications of the Ento- mologist Species. acquired through exchange Contributions to collection Explanation of plates Index THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 Botany 15 No. 105 Report of the State Botanist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1905. 108p. t2pl. Contents: Introduction Species added to the herbarium Contributors and their contri- | | Edible fungi butions | SARGENT - & ©. H. Peck Species not before reported | Explanation of plates Remarks and observations | Index 16 17 18 19 20 BT 23 24 30 31 32 Geological maps Buffalo quadrangle Penn Yan-Hammondsport quadrangles Paradox Lake quadrangle Portion of towns of Plattsburg.and Peru, Clinton co. Portion of towns of Chazy and Champlain, Clinton co. Schoharie and Cobleskill valleys | IN PRESS Memoirs Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. v. 2 Barly Devonic of Eastern North America Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations Bulletins Geology and paleontology Geological Papers Glacial Waters in the Lake Erie Basin Drumiins of Central Western New York Geology of the Long Lake Quadrangle Geology of the Rochester and Ontario Beach Quadrangles Entomology White Marked Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle © Archeology Aboriginal Place Names of New York Civil, Religious and Mourning Councils and Ceremonies Adoption 3 | Species of Crataegus Found within Twenty Miles of Albany. C. S. of &6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PREPARED Memoirs Graptolites of New York. Pt 2, Graptolites of the Higher Beds Bulletins Geology and paleontology Later Glacial Waters in Central New York Geology of the Morrisville Quadrangle IN PREPARATION Bulletins Geology aid paleontology Geology of the Theresa Quadrangle Geology of the Highlands of the Hudson Moraines of Western New York Devonic Crinoids of New York Devonic Plants of New York Geology of the Auburn Quadrangle Geology of the Portage-Nunda Quadrangles Geology of the Genoa Quadrangle Geology of the Geneva-Ovid Quadrangles Geology of the Phelps Quadrangle Geology of the Syracuse Quadrangle Geology of Valcour Island Geology of the Cazenovia Quadrangle Entomology Report of the State Entomologist for the fiscal year ending Sep- tember 30, 1906 Monograph on Stone Flies Monograph on Caddis Flies Botany Annval Report of the State Botanist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1906 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1900 87 VIII ple OF THE SCIENCE DIVISION AND STATE MUSEUM The members of the staff, permanent and temporary, of this division as at present constituted are: ADMINISTRATION John M. Clarke, Director Jacob Van Deloo, Director's clerk GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY John M. Clarke, State Geologist and Paleontologist David H. Newland, Assistant State Geologist Rudolf Ruedemann Ph.D., Assistant State Paleontologist C. A. Hartnagel B.S., Assistant in Economic Geology D. Dana Luther, Field Geologist Herbert P. Whitlock C.E., Mineralogist George S. Barkentin, Draftsman William S. Barkentin, Lithographer Joseph Morje, First clerk H. C. Wardell, Preparator C. A. Munger, Stenographer George W. V. Spellacy, Clerk Martin Sheehy, Machinist Temporary assistants Precambric geology Piomeid. bs Cushing, Adelbert College Dr C. P. Berkey, Columbia University Stratigraphic geology Prof. T. C. Hopkins, Syracuse University H. O. Whitnall, Colgate University G. H. Hudson, Plattsburg State Normal School Geographic geology Prof. Herman L. Fairchild, Rochester University Prof. J. B. Woodworth, Harvard University Prof. A. P. Brigham, Colgate University 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cave exploration John H. Cook, Albany Harry Cook, Albany John F. Loughran, Kingston Paleontology Dr C. R. Eastman, Harvard University David White, United States Geological Survey Dr T. Wayland Vaughan, United States Geological Survey Edwin Kirk, Columbia University Olof O. Nylander, Caribou, Me. BOTANY Charles H. Peck M.A., State Botanist Stewart H. Burnham, Assistant, Glens Falls. ENTOMOLOGY Ephraim P. Felt B.S. D.Sc., State Entomologist D. B. Young, Assistant State Entomologist I. L. Nixon, Assistant Anna M. Tolhurst, Stenographer Howard C. Bain, Page Temporary assistants Dr James G. Needham, Lake Forest College Cornelius Betten, Lake Forest College John R. Gillett, Albany | ZOOLOGY George H. Chadwick, Zoologist George L. Richard, Taxidermist Temporary assistants E. Howard Eaton, Canandaigua . Dr E. J. Letson, Buffalo . ARCH EOLOGY William M. Beauchamp S.T.D., Archeologist Temporary assistant Arthur C. Parker, Gowanda Maintenance. The provision made by the Legislature of 1906 for the maintenance of the scientific work in all its branches and tor the payment of all permanent and’ temporary services was $44,240. | THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1006 IX ACERS SIONS GEOLOGY Donation Cole, Howard J. New York city. Series of samples showing char- acter and depth of clays, sands and bed rock encountered in excavating for the foundation of the John G. Myers Co. build- PCC MOMMA. © sc c.v 2% vss a + 0s ee sph aay rman oo) norma cme gla Owe Samples of materials encountered in excavating for the founda- tHomot the’ Trmity Annex building, New York city... .....0...06% Lynch, Daniel. Minerva. Serpentine marble, polished, 4” by 6”... Collection Assistant State Geologist. Zinc ore, Saratoga Springs.............. PLMrOne MeawWards. St eaWTeNCe COUDLY s. 2. nace eee ee is eee cee ester Iron ores and associated rocks from Adirondack districts, as fol- lows: Bemcenmevinmes. ot Lawrence COUfty. 2s .id sce ores oe ete 6 wiensw vies Neiiiematmlibow hence COUNtY 5. 6.0 bh. cee ee ce ee ee ee ck we eas PO anaiemrrneVITCITCE COUNLY. ays boc cic OB oe sella wlva es tye cuauelegne be sats Fort Ann, Washington county....... Retr a Se eos shoes SEO cae rat itentt tad nM EEE SG COMIULY: «ocak ors s aocces ts «als betes io be eine ee se yotele uemaiie molihiep it SSEX COUNTY. . 1... ek sc ea es vee bee cee ees Abermaleg@omer GSE xe COUMMLY.. 2k so. ok ca bees Oooo ccs dee ee ad ns Lake Sanford, Essex county...... PR er are en er ae se a ACW Ome ItMPOMUCOMMEY £2 cos c ae tes ws dee ae eee ees cb eee as eeaamntl welt MONTE OM-COUMLY. . 2. ce Lae ne ede te ec tee eee Assistant in Economic Geology. Clinton iron ore and associated rocks as follows: MORPH VINE (COTMER Ws os so bs ceca csdicveues Gee vee cee Sede seas Siam ation, CayiieaccOtitty. o2.) cae. a cee cde ee dsc cee eee nee’ Sih uh | AS GY dee 6 0 ea en ge Ciiicont Oreida: county Gower oolitic ‘bed)...:....00..0...000.. Cinten, Omerda county (upper oolitice bed)... .. 5... eee een. Cinntuny Owretta county Cored: fix’ bed). os .c5 oo ee oo ee Clinton iron ore from base of upper Clinton sandstone, Hender- One sets kel ITe Gi-C Osi type ses cecbate, trove. wiciicie © Grane a) ¥ s, care Wave Rabon dw ae Clinton ferruginous sandstone, south of Frankfort, Herkimer Aa RSET EArt cuctae alia edie nase tT ee oe Nepney cyte eset accelerator ree wie kaut wal as '« Clinton upper sandstone, south of Mohawk, Herkimer county... Peridotite dike in Devonic rocks at Glenwood, Tompkins county.. Arsenopyrite (mispickel) Carmel, Putnam county................ “Hudson River shale,’ specimen of core from elevator shaft at depia Of: 126 feet below. Pearl street curb, John G. Myers Co. “osha 2hneudie GAVTHO aii i.) MINION AS Mie Pg ARPT ae aR a 89 G3) 1G) S(O gO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PALEONTOLOGY Donation Hartnagel, C. A. Albany. Guelph fossils from near Rochester.... Drevermann, Dr Fr. Frankfurt, Germany. Fossils mostly Middle De- yonic. trom Germany 2.80200 Oe ae 2 aecas ai eee ieee Derby, O. A. & Clarke, J. M. Fossils including 120 types collected by. Morgan expeditions im, the Amazonas es braze eee Exchange Barroubio, Jean Miguel. France. Fossils from various formations and localities ‘im. sFrance ae 6s a eee ee eee Purchase Copi, Dr Fr. Modena, France. Fossils from various formations in Sweden, England, Bohemia "and France... ee eee eee Krantz, Dr F. Bonn, Germany. Trilobites from various formations in Prussia, Norway, Bohemia and Russia; fossils from upper Car- bonic, Grundy county, Wilimoist ys 9.2. ce. ae oe Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. Rochester, N. Y. Trilobites from: Ohio, South Dakota, (Ontario; Can. 92 eee Alden, H. J. Cambridge; Mass. Fossil) fish) (D1 mie nies pustulosus Eastman) from Oneonta sandstone, Delhi, N. Y.. Collection Assistant State Paleontologist. Devonic fossils from vicinity of Wake. Memphremavoe: (Ganadae .05 er eee Assistant State Paleontologist & Wardell, H. C. Crustaceans from base ‘of the Salina, ~ Spring House,’ near Eittstord Naa ee Field Geologist. Portage and Genesee fossils from Tompkins COUTY es Citas eine 5 elie were) osteo, el ep aicm) en)lafle | spelisl-ahiet ial serene nial piel) a eee ea Hartnagel, C. A. Fossils from various formations. .....-. 5. =e Wardell, H. C. Graptolites from Clinton beds, Genesee gorge, Rochester ©). ..¢ sc o. core oe acs Bib ea ota coe eae Rue ee eee Crustaceans from Bertie waterlime, Jerusalem Hill, Herk:mer CO UTI a ea She cee Seale einer a colton he ge npn owaL Gale Damen Tian etal eta teeeee etc see eee Crustaceans from Shawangunk grit, Otisville, Orange county...... Fossils from the Helderbergian, Salisbury’s quarry, North Litch- field, ~Elerkinder sCotltiyartee mien see ees Uinwei ee eee Fossils from Rochester shale, Barge canal excavation, near Gates, Monroe county, Ns 6 Yo sce on oie steusis ete ok ieee en kee Nylander, O. O. Lower Devonic fossils from Washington county, ar ne paren eR reat i antes Seti cocks A cs od oe 47 ‘60 30 73 230 275 goo THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 QI MINERALOGY Donation HMedacsCapt, Kk. Ss. Antwerp. Goethite, Antwerp....:....22.4...6! Cumings, W. L. South Bethlehem, Pa. Pyroxene, Mineville...... Hartnage!l, C. A. Albany. Celestite and calcite, Rochester......... Hindshaw, H. H. Albany. Tourmalin in oligoclase, Crown Point.. LRP She, TEL NGOS IRS TO 10 0 eat ae le a pe Se ee ae ae Sg Wardell Hi. €: “Albany. Pyrite (nodules), Waterford...... Pernt ta Wolf, William. Waterford. Pyrite crystallized), Waterford....... Wait, ©. Crown Point. Apatite (eupychroite), Crown Point....... Pm eIoararoa wibanyer Calcite, ROSSI. ... 2. ie a edie eee ede Bom@ermlcmsiais wNorth Adams, Mass: onc. icp. oe ce oa aw ee 10 Sagem aGtante Oimsville, N: Y. Quartz, Otisyille. . 0.262. 0..05. ve' 4 Woodworth, Mrs J.L. Albany. Orthoclase and fluorite, Victor, Col. I ms NT & &® AB be A eR Exchange Cumings, W. L. South Bethlehem, Pa. Zircon in oligoclase, Mine- ELS COLA Lv a cori OO a EI EE a 40 Purchase Hodge, Capt. R. S. Antwerp, N. Y. Miillerite and garnierite, Ant- ea 1d EUS 6S) 1S x ptoncye ta. doa Sinem esis age web ars wt cle ev a wis Cow 2 Ree ME ature AMUN C ISDN s ec 2 fe a c/a ots wives bo tnt 0 Poke oka Oe ee Dee bees 23 Salipmomelanes(chalcodite), Antwerp... .. 0.6.0 0c ea ew 20 Mem irc (Miamiiiibaty), ANtwWwerps.... sci. oe ed ee vie Cb ed eul’s 2 PPC RCM ESIMEGIaTy pee ATIEWVIET D2. sc. Sine cocs acess gor argbe oes cgu sae ees 25 Pm@iemre sand, dolomite, Antwerp. .... 00.0008. ea ce a ne 21 reieear aa VeTIAtLer AITW ELD. os... ccc cle boe ee dente at ees ewes 9 PCa MeGOlOTiN te, AMM EWERD suc > - osciots oboe bed ete we ese de vane 2 Cmcumievon. quartz and dolomite, Antwerp.........08 0.0... 00.5.4. 8 Woleum£ten@aree crystals), Antwerp. ... 22. cee ce ee we cee ees I Calemerang siderite. Antwerp: .....6:i.s.0ss eects ene tene ieee Raat I Collection Br enCOlacistes Oaleite: Gaspe, Gallas ks sco cts ss esas vices cee ae 140 Assistant State Geologist. Zircon in oligoclase, Mineville.......... E ene CMT MeL Gal Wns Betas. Rect Sic eK te oo Ne ace Wie wy Be ee a een ete he I Mineralosist. Aibany.~ Tourmalin in: quartz, Fort. Ann. .0.s.....:. I PMeisaalin: Ort CA Mihcls os Aes oc alee. kes ce Seb we esas RON ee ee 7 @eeseciase and quartz. (perthite), Fort Ann... i280). e200. 8s. e: - i eben HOGIIES iV ViateRrOLG sc ckih cakuins sec sees clo ce hea WEG ees 4 Pic Cellaniiic yalVWater fOr. wich Wane) eevee s Coe k ek Vibe 5 Pao moll Sialic VW Gr rOnarn mat caclsee Heats eo atlas cue eld Loge eheidie's I emennC goOLmolia cen WN atenrOndk wAct ae soNos eee oe aule ves. oS aa I Mauiecidserin Giartz Crown Point Center...) i206. 5.02 606 2 B Givigclase aud-olieoclase, Crown Point“Centers. 20... 2.06060. 5.3. I Oz NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orthoclase.and eprdote, Crown Fome Center... ..-....6.. 0-55 aeeee T Orthoclase phenocrysts in quartz, Crown Point Center...: 30. .eee 3 Pegmatite crystallization showing structure (large), Crown Point CON ter: 505 Hawk SE ie ive k aes tase ae lee e ee Sae ge Se ae I Calcite, Grown Point 220. f4, cov okies 0 Sie potas nie 29 Rutile ‘im.quartz: West Pawlet W206. 7 gn. ee I Quartz; “West (Pa wilet Mit oi. sas re one eee 30 Graphite in serpentine, Columbia Graphite Mine, Crown Point.... 2 Graphite in feldspar, Columbia Graphite Mine, Crown Point...... 5 Graphite in calcite, Columbia Graphite Mine, Crown Point........ 1 Graphite, Columbia Graphite Mine; ‘CrowniPoint:....2.:..5..-0eee 2 Serpentine, Columbia Graphite Mine, Crown Point...............- I Chondrodite in serpentine, Columbia Graphite Mine, Crown Point. I Serpentine pseudomorph after chondrodite, Columbia Graphite Mine; ‘(Grown (Pott 2 055d iecnisaro are cle ot) nas Se ee ee I Calcite, Crown, Point Graphite Mine; Paradox, 1.25.0... eee 7 & Hartnagel, C. A. Brookite in’ calcite, Indian Ladder: . 22. see 2 Epsomite,. Indian ladder ....4:.% 2.3 fc .heslo ae oe ee I Calcite and quartz, Indian’ Wadder e527, 4 4- 20 Totals 6 op) 6G a Gi ee eG Re 465 ‘ENTOMOLOGY Donation Hymenoptera Woodworth, J. B. Bembex pallidipicta Sm., cocoons, Seatgmae Fort Edward, N. Y. Russell, Miss S. J. Blue Point, L.-1., N.-Y. CGratetechus Gopal Aug. 20 Burnham, S. H. -Albany, N. Y. Aulax glechomae “Hite, sallsmon Glechoma hederacea Linn. June 2a; Neuroterms ee atus Finch, oak potato gall, gall on white oak, Sept. 15. Southeast of BastonseNe Lutz, F.. E.--Cold Spring Marbor, “L. 1, ND Y.- Aemed ac wise Fitch, oak wool gall; A. petiolicola Bass, oak leaf stale eal A..seminator Harr., wool sower; A. sine ularic Bascemmere leaf apple; Amphibolips confluentus Harr., large oak apple; A. ilicitolsae Bass. black scrubsoakspall Jumens Meays, Barton C. Baldwinsville, N. Y. Kaliosysphinga ulmi Sund., elm leaf miner, larva on Camperdown or weeping elm, June Io Coleoptera VanDuzee, E. P. Buffalo, N. Y. Domucwums, ballisiamiye itches balsam bark borer, adult, June 22 Huested, P. L. Blauvelt, N. Y. Phymatodes amoenus Say, grapevine Phymatodes on grapevine, Mar. 19 Posson, Chauncey. Albany, 'N. ¥. Hadrobregnrus “egmyams Melsh., adult on pine, Sept. 10 ,.) ee eS ee eee THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 93 Fredrick, George L. Albany, N. Y. Dytiscus harrisii Kirby, margined water beetle, adult, Nov. 29 Diptera Stuart, ©. W. Newark, N. Y. Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, apple maggot, larvae on apple, Sept. 5 Eldredge, C. E. Leon, N. Y. Scenopinus fenestralis Linn, carpet fly, larva, May 2 Ludlow, C. S. Washington, D. C. Anopheles maculipennis Meig., malarial mosquito, male and female; Culex microannu- Met use hem, adults (male and female); C.. gielidus Theo., adults (female); S. arnesii Ludlw., adults (male and female); Fin- laya poicilia Theo, female; Myzomyia thorntonii Ludlw., adult (female, cotype) July 14 Pettis, C. R. Saranac Junction, N.Y. Anopheles pie tie sears Say, Apr. L7 WeessneeCamebayside, L.. I, N. Y.- Culex sollicitan.s. Walk., salt marsh mosquito, Aug. 13; Paul Smith’s, N.Y. Culiseta abso- Diativesebele larvae: EF ucorethra wnderwoodi, Undw., -giant mosquito, larvae, Aug. 2 Ashworth, J. H. Edinburgh, Scotland. Culex pipiens Linn, house mosquito, larvae and pupae and adults, Dec. 13 Needham, J. G. Ithaca, N. Y. C. restuans Theo. white spotted mosquito, adult, Sept. 12. Lake Michigan. Grabham, M. Jamatca,W.I. C. hassardii Gbhm.,, adults and larvae; ee O Ml yi me diovititata Goq, adults and larvae; Moch- Hostytax jiaum-aicensis Gbhm.,-adults and Jarvae;, H o wird - ime. dneoOstriata Gbhm:, adults and larvae; Corethretla -appendiculata Gbhm.,, adults and larvae, July 2 Balfour, Andrew. Khartoum, Africa. Mansonia uniformis Theo., adult, Nov. 14 _ Joutel, L. H. -New York city. Wyeomyia smithii Cogq., pitcher plant mosquito, larvae on pitcher plant, May 7. Lakehurst, N. J. Eeites ete. ivbineweck, SNe Y. Contarinia violicola ‘Coq, violet gall midge, larvae on violet, Oct. 10 Lepidoptera Mpa oo wsiers, N. Y. Satyrodes canthu'’s 'Linn, adult, July 21 Guernsey, W. J. Albany, N.Y. Sphecodina abbotii Swainson, larvae on woodbine, July 13 More. wniex. Roekville Center, L.cljfN. Y. Citheronia regatlis Fabr., hickory horned devil, caterpillar, Sept. 13 mussel) iS: Jc Biwe Point, N. Y.:Apatela- americana Harris, larva on maple, Aug. 20 VanDenburg, M W. Mt Vernon, N. Y. A. interrupta Guen, larvae, Aug. 28 Graves, George S. Newport, N. Y. Arsilonche albovenosa Goeze, adult, June 10 94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Gabriel, M. Mileses, N.Y. Hadena arctica Boisd, cumvenne adult, July 28 Erwin, J. M. New Salem, N.Y. Peridroma mar¢garit o sapiae variegated ctttworm, larvae; light army, worm, —eliom ame Une u mecree wtaw,e uihyees Lutz, F..E. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. “Parag ro €1se me sis comes Harris, dark-sided cutworm, larvae, May 30; Papaipema nitela Guen., larvae, June 26 Martin, S. C. “Schenectady, N. Ys Patragrotis mess onaasbiagae dark-sided cutworm, larvae, June I Fitch, F. A. Randolph, N.Y. Mamestra adjuncta Bowsdesaqume May 21 Stevens, C. N. South Gilboa, N. “Y. ~Catoca la “1 etic tay ale moth, Sept. 20 Bartlett, Alice E. Delhi, N. Y. C. grotiana Bailey, Auger Holt, Emmett. New York city. Paleacrita vermataseeaems spring canker worm, larva on apple, June 4 Theobald, F. V. Egypt. Earias insulana. Boisd., eggs, larvae, adult on cotton, Dec. 23 Von Schrenk, Hermann. ?Oiketicus abbotii Grote, southern bagworm on cyprus, Jan. 8. New Orleans, La. Mekeel Bros. Yorktown Heights, N. Y. Sibine stimulea Clem, saddleback caterpillar, larva, Aug. 16 Beebe, F. N. Walton, N. Y. Euclea delphinii Boisd., slug cater- pillamwlanvae Sept. 4 Weston, Helen. West New Brighton, S. I. N. Y. Zeuzera pyrina leopard moth, larvae in maple, Sept. 7 Wilson, F. P. Schenectady, N. Y: Sesia pictipes. Gr @aieoee larvae on plum, June 15 Joutel, L. H. New York city. ?Thiodia, species on oak, May 24 Stevens, Robert L. Westbury, N. Y. Eulia politana Haw,, pine tube builder on white pine needles, Jan. Io Covert, H. W. Waterford, N: Y.° Coptodisca splliendoritene ella Clem., resplendent shield bearer, work, Sept. 30 Neuroptera Blakeslee, GG. Rensselaer, NY.) Gorm yideiiicee @arnetineed Linn., devil fly or horned Corydalis, adult, July 14 Connally, E. F. Troy, N: Y. Chauliodes pectinic or nis emer comb horned fish fly, adult, July 28 Hemiptera Lutz, F.. E. - Cold. Spring. Harbor, IN Y. 21 ba censse pt endiccuaa Linn., periodical cicada, adult, May 28; Phylloxera, car yoea- lobuli Walsh, June 4 Smith, H. D. Center Moriches, N. Y. Tibicen septendeeum Linn., periodical cicada, adult, June 12 ; DARD REPORT OF - THE DIRECTOR 1906 95 Barry, Thomas.. Albany, N. Y. Belostoma americana Leidy, pt. | 19 Pisley, juhus G. Oswego, N.-Y. Schizoneura americana Riley, young and adults on elm, June 22 mipbewe, Jamies M. Schenectady, N. Y..Chermaphis abietis Linn., spruce gall aphid, galls, June 20 Cockerell, T. D. A. Boulder, Col. Alcyrodes betheli CkIl. Meo vom Berbers, cept. 27. Ouray, Coll; Chrysomphalus ross Masmumoent. 27. Lacban, P. 1l.; Coceuws diversipes Ckll; on fern, Sepp 27. \uucena, P. I. Potioweeeke sananac junction, N. Y. Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark aphid, hatching young on pine, May 29 minersou Jom Victoria, B. C Parlatoria:- proteus Curt. on myapanese orange, Jan. 4; Pseudaonidia duplex CkIL, on. orange fonrsjapan, Mes. 18; Aspidiotus rapax Comst., greedy scale on Calitorma lemon, Jan, 4; Hemichionaspis minor?’ Mask.,on orange from Japan, Dec. 18 Moore, Reuben. Chatham, N. Y. A. ancylus Putns adult on apple, Eines: Bostwick, Fred. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Aulacaspis rosae Bouché, rose scale on rose, Apr. 3 Wheeler, M. S. Berlin, Mass. Aulacaspis rosae Bouché, rose scale on blackberry, Aug. 13 Dunbar, John. Kochester, N. Y. Diaspis carueli Targ., juniper scale, adult on Pinus aristata and (ia ioe ba tise vite 1m - kapha), Apr. FO Srevevsu loperty i. Westbury, LL. I, N. Y. Chionaspis pini- foliae Fitch, scurfy pine scale on Scotch pine needles, Jan. 10 Fellows, Miss F. E. Norwich, Ct. Eulecanium tulipiferae Cook, tulip tree seale, young and adults on tulip, Sept. 17 Medevoblesbchtes lake Waccabuc,:N..Y: Euléecanium tulipi- ferae Cook, tulip tree scale, young and adults on tulip, July 27 Miles PP) Chatham, N.Y. E. nigrofasciatum Perg., terrapin scale on maple, Sept. 13 Wen Predenberg, HH. A. Port Jervis, N. Y. Pseudophilippia quaintancii Ckll., woolly pine scale, adults on pitch pine, Nov. 20; Phenacoccus acericola King, false maple scale, adults and young on maple, July 24 Pierce, Charles M. Adams, N. Y. Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathy., cottony maple scale, adults and young on Virginia creeper, July 3 Studwell, Edward F. Port Chester, N. Y. Phenacoccus aceri- cola King, false maple scale, larvae on maple, Sept. 18 g6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orthoptera Morehouse, F. A. Ripley, N. Y. Oecanthus niveus DeG, white flower cricket, eggs on grape, Apr. 30 Williams, William. Milton, N. Y. Gryllotalpa borealis Burm, mole cricket, adult, Oct. 8 Richard, George L. Diapheromera: femorata. Say, salen stick: adult ¢ ful vise T. tropicus Linn,.T. bromiws Linn. 2 bio v1 als eae autumnalus Linn, To atripiius Mew. wan ater cere T. africus Meig, Culex dorsalis Mee, CC. vexanise were C.. cantans-“Meig:, C. ornatiws: Mere. “Cs. p alter item Rond.,C.. modestus Ficl, CC. piprens 2) ©) a mines Meig, Aedes cinereus Meig, Anopheles maculipennis Meig. Culicidae Crum, Ebb. “Lawrence, Kan. Anopheles maculipemmits ees Psorophora ciliata? Abs young larva, Eee u lea some tris ‘Theo, Culex restiuans Theo, CC. territaniseeeee C. ?tarsalis Coq, Ce. salinariuws ?) Coq, Grasse discolor Coq, “G. jamaicensis Theo; Cult cadences densis Theo. Tachinidae Bezzi, Mario. Torino, Italy. Meigenia bisignata Meig.,, Dexodes machaeropsis R.D, Hemimasicera ferruc imeem Parexorista polychaecta, -Blepharida vu oaiecemeaee var. stridens ‘Bd, Perichaeta unicolor ally S\gmaaaee praeceps Scop, Melanota volvulus Babry) Aveo comyia melanoptera Fall, Macqttartia +c haweonmors Meig., M. dispar Fall. Thetatra leucozon~a (Pagan phomyia.temula Scop, Myobia inanis Pally Ot@yp ue bicolor Oliv., O. brassicaria Fabr., Bonellia picta Meig,, Ernestia consobrina Meig, Echinomyia grossa Linn, Eudoromyia magnicornis Zett, Plagia ruralis Fall, Phasia crassipennis’ Fabr, Brachy coma devinaeeane Rhinophora atramentaria Metre, Metopia lew ecueene ala Ross. Miltogramma oestracea, Pall, Diem emraness caninum Fabr. Purchase Snow, Prof. F. H. Lawrence, Kan. Psychoda alter matasam Ceratopogon' argentatus Ly; ©. >pereamdice ieee C.specularis Cog, Anopheles pseudopunctipenmurs Theo. Neoglaphyroptera bivittata Say, Cecid ema radiatae Snow, Chrysops aestuans. Ved. \W.@ eae O. S.-C. flavidus Wied, Co tfugax O.°S.- Ci aardites eee C. striatus O. *°S.,, “GC. wnivitt a tas) Macq. tt momen costalis Wied, T. lasrvophthalmus Maca. i median cerus Wied. TL. molest ts Say,. LD. navy asus) Oe pumilus Macq, T. sty gins Say, T. trimaculat meee T. venustus O. S. Eumetopia rotipes Macq.) sae mea vulnerata Lw., Plagiotoma obls qua) Say, se aioe tricha culta Wied, Neaspilota™ alba)! iw. epee clathratat bw Ure Tii@e 1s ofa nile THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 99 Pemeotrcres adtuncit Kir, Ischiodontus soleatus Say, Peepitomyxe recticollis: Say; Corymbites hierogly- Mimtctmce Say, Pyrophorus physoderus Germ, Euthy- Panic mis Icec,. bP lastocertus schatumi1) Lec., Finsotuupes bajulus Linn, Sphaenothecus suturalis Zeweeoenmopoecnus palmerisLlec, Leptostylus acu- ieecmins Say, Mecas inornata Say, Macrorhoptus Baers bec, Conotrachelus similis Boh, C. leuco- Mueedtus Mab, Pityophthorus ‘abiie hol el SOS oo IN Ley a alee Diemearoctontus similis Lec, Hylastes nigrinus Mann., Mmusmodertma testacetum Duit, Hemiptychus gravis fe aonoxylon simplex.Hor, S: sericans ‘Lec, S. Secret ctilattm Lec, Amphicerus fortis Lec, A. mumeripentits Lee, Polycaon obliquus Lec, Lyctus Geeeirornic tus Cr. TD EEEEL cco oc old ES aa an Sate earn oie 7 UIE ore eg a 4 ZOOLOGY Donation Mammals Calhoun, Fred. Albany. Big brown bat, Vespertilio fuscus Sea RNB 005 Tae, cy 9 8 eM is Ja) era) Goss boa gw a:b soe bk ¢ dae eee beie wn els I Dawley, F. E. Fayetteville. Woodchuck (melanistic), Arctomys See MnECMIPN TIES) Er Lt Pos a vine a ad te ale Sele Oa wea wo Wue eee sw ace I Richard, W. C. West Waterford. Rock pika, Ochotona saxa- MES eY VOMMA GS. oi. oe lhe a bob boa es bow ea sew ebevcde. I Vander Veer, William. Cobleskill. Wildcat, Lynx ruffus MRE MMSE TCAD ER roe Foc Ga ev aiy cele i SS 5 0 Salita o SenAEs Ule:'s Gielais «hs lee odes I Birds Those marked + are sex or plumage specimens new to the collection. Alexander, C. P. Gloversville. Nashville warbler, Helmintho- Mme ca pilla (Wilson), eges...... 600. . ce bee eee 2 Mierant shrike, Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer, ee cde Reine a eg ona See as MEE eS dee tee 2 Hall, C. K. Albany. Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus a ee ie ke ede co cde a nag on I Higgins, Charles D. Spencertown. Many-storied nest of robin, PUmEmernot a O Tia Clann). ...... 266. os we cece tee cee ece wes I Short, E. H. Coldwater. +Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus MPI INORG ED EGECENTIE ances oie g sv cuss ie id ce ves Gas ees dvees duwth cee 2 Reptiles and batrachians Alexander, Charles P. Gloversville. Milk snake, Osceola Spee teteanment 14 (BOG). 6... 2.2. kc vedas cee cneedeeeeed: I Spotted salamander, Amblystoma punctatum (Linn.).... 1 Card, Leroy Cox. Albany. Chameleon, Anolis principalis (Linn.) (Captured in American EXpEeSS) OlltCe, Nl Dany) oso on I 100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Olcott, Douglas W. East Greenbush. Ring-necked snake, Dia- d6p his :piu'n-e tat wis; Citn)):.2 72 fae see re pened tees Spencer, J.I. Albany. Young garter snakes, Eutaenia sirtalis (Linn.)) -(Yaken fronetwo. fentales) = ts oe ee eee State Barge Canal office, Albany. Blowing adder, Heterodon phat yin pm s: Watreille-c. 7.7. 2S bec gawk our cee Invertebrates Alexander, Charles P. Gloversville. Spiders and phalangids...... Mey riapods” 2:55. i ees hes Eee rete ae rei cn eee Wood: douse, Ponce] bro Urjat iiksed erandteca. ae eee Edmonds, W. D. Alder Creek. Polyzoan, Pectinatella mag- Mish c.ay Leekdhty: siapdiaya sot ie ace tee aa a ceck tae we ee pe Hibbard, Dr D: V. M. Olean: - Caveshrimp, C raise on yoo fe mone Smith “(From tee weer I Invertebrates About 250 specimens of invertebrates, almost wholly spiders (Araneida) have been collected, one third of these by mem- nanmemnrementonioloaical Stati. s. 2.60 oosc eee ce kt aes ee 250 oimaille 8 SORE: sez tha to haa 8 nme Sr bia ne ieee ane ae a ee 621 ARCHEOLOGY Donation Conner, Arthur. Walton, N. Y. 1 single winged bannerstone from Shinhopple, Hancock township, Delaware co. Found on bank of Delaware river Persons, G. H. Catskill. Two humeri with perforations of the ole- canon cavity from skeleton of an Indian female found on the Du Bois farm, Catskill Richard, George L. Waterford. Chipped implements of red West- chester slate from Peobles island Burmaster, Everett. 1 small celt found on Newton farm, Irving Mattern, J. E. West Rush. 86 fragments of pipe stems from Seneca village of Totiacton (Rochester junction) Beardsley, Egbert. Catskill. 2 hammer stones and one net sinker from Catskill Purchase DURING MARCH AND APRIL 1900 I false face, Ga-goh-sah I false face, Ga-goh-sah, Seneca tribe. Used in marching ceremonial I ceremonial mask, Ga-goh-sah, Seneca tribe, Tonawanda bank. Pur- 104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM chased March 17, 1906. This mask is supposed to be imbued with the spirits of birds. It was an important mask of the Tonawanda Lodge of the False Face Company husk face. Doorkeeper’s mask of the Husk Face Company. Object illustrating the uses of the corn plant to the Iroquois. lover’s flute, Ye-o-da-wus-toh. Purchased April 13, I906, on the Tonawanda Reservation. Seneca tribe. Flute made 1804 by Chief Senoiucieh (A. Charl) flute, Seneca. tribe, Tonawanda band. Purchased March 17, 10906. Flutes of this kind were used by lovers to serenade their sweet- hearts. silver hatband, Di-ye-sta-hus-tah or Di-ye-ga-hi-hus-toh; Seneca. Worn by -Chief Dwa-ni-o-no, Tall Peter. The last treasured crown of the Tonawanda sachems. Purchased April 15, 1906 10 Seneca silver brooches, purchased on the Tonawanda Reservation, A April 13, 1906. Brought from the Genesee reserve. A rare pattern miscellaneous brooches and a portion of a dress ornament 13 silver brooches as follows, known as Chief Sundown’s brooches: 7 council brooches 2 Medicine Lodge brooches (owl) I star and circle—sun brooch I marriage brooch 2 large Wolf council fire brooches 20 double bar council brooches, iniuska De-io-a-wan; records of Seneca councils. Purchased April 13, 1906 on Tonawanda Reservation single bar brooches, Ska-wen iniuska. Seneca tribe silver brooches, iniuska. Purchased on Tonawanda Seneca Reser- vation, March 17, 1906. The two large brooches are said to have been made before the Revolutionary War from English coins 3 pairs of silver earrings, Tonawanda, March 17, 1906 iS) covered provision basket, Ga-us-ha-wa-da-we-shas. Unusually fine weave. Purchased on the Tonawanda Reservation, April 13, 1906 bark basket bread bowl (wooden) Ga-o-wa a-kwa. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Purchased March 16, 1906. Used for mixing hulled corn meal for boiled bread. Made by Black Squirrel, 1814 child’s spoon, Ah-to-gwus-ha. Seneca tribe wooden spoons, Ah-to-gwus-ha. Tonawanda tribe. Purchased March 16, 1906 Weasel skin charm. This skin contains certain charm powders much prized by the Iroquois for their reputed luck-giving powers. To awaken the spirit of the charm one must strike himself with the skin, when it will be susceptible to commands. Without special invocation, it is considered a potent charm against diseases of the chest. water drum, Ga-noh-jah. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Purchased March 15, 1906. This was the lodge drum of the Buffalo Society. Heron feather fans, used in the ceremonies of the Seneca Order of the Eagles, a native Indian fraternity of great antiquity. These fans belonged to Gaioyade, the chanter of the Eagles, and a member 6 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 105 of the Heron clan. Heron feather fans must always have six feathers, but a fan of Eagle feathers may contain four. A picture accompany- ing these specimens illustrates the use of the fans and rattles in the lodge ceremonies of the Eagles. Purchased at Newtown Reservation, near Lawton Station, N. Y., March 30, 1906 gourd rattles used with Heron feather fans in the Seneca Eagle dance. The rattles are held in the right hand and the fans in the left. These rattles were the property of the singer of the Order of the Eagles, a Seneca secret fraternity of great antiquity. great feather dance rattle (turtle shell). For many years this was the Long House rattle of the Senecas and was always used in the celebration of their sacred dance. It is unlike the false face rattles in that the sternum is or was stained red in token of its sacred employment. Purchased March 27, 1906 rattle of the Eagle Society. Gaa-né-gwe-e Gus-nohgus-to-we-se. Purchased on the Cattaraugus Reservation, March 19, 1906. This rattle must not be confused with the bark rattles of the False Face Company. horn rattles, Gus-to-wiis-ha O-nonk-ga. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Purchased March 16, 1906. These rattles have been used for many years by the Eagle Medicine Society of the Senecas in their secret ceremonies. tobacco pole, such as is now used instead of a dog pole in the mid- winter ceremonies of the Senecas. Purchased April I906 moon dance buttons, Gus-keh-i-seh-doh.. Deer bone button game. Purchased on Tonawanda Seneca Reservation, March 16, 1906. These buttons were used in the moon dance ceremony for many years and aeeowery Old. In the game, they are thrown from the hand, the counts being as follows: all of one color, 20; one of a color, 4; two Gea color, 2. Opposite clans contest in the moon dance. Beans are used for counters and the party winning all the beans will enjoy the favor of the moon for the ensuing year. buttons, Gus-keh-i-seh-doh. Deer bone button game. Purchased on Tonawanda Reservation, March 17, 1906. These game “ buttons” were used by the Tonawanda Senecas in the moon dance ceremony. The moon is said to love the game because the buttons are pat- tequed atter-her face. peach stone dice, used at Tonawanda Long House for 40 years play the sacred bowl game at the annual midwinter festival. Pux- chased March 16, 1906 ; baby board, Ga-o-yas-ha. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Pur- chased March 15, 1906. Ga-ni-o-dai-euh, a tribal successor to Hand- some Lake, a Seneca prophet, was strapped to this board when an infant. baby board, Ga-o-yas-ha. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Pur- chased on Tonawanda Reservation, March 16, 1906. This board was used by Stephen Skeye, Gah-don-dyieh, Flying Feathers. Baby boards are good examples of Indian carved woodwork. I burden strap, Gus-ha-a. Purchased April 13, 1906 on Tonawanda Reservation. This strap is made of elm bark and was found in use. 106 a eI Lo | Ln | — NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM burden strap, Gus-ha-ah. Seneca tribe, Tonawanda band. Pur- chased March 16, 1906. Woven from native material and said to have been in use before the War of 1812. Found in use Seneca woman’s skirt, Ga-ka-a. Purchased April 13, 1906 on Tona- wanda Reservation. Found in use beaded binding blanket of broadcloth for baby board, Gus-swa-hus-ha. Purchased on Tonawanda Reservation March 17,1906. This blanket was said to be the last of the kind to be found among the New York Senecas. (2 pieces, 1 red and 1 blue) pair of moccasins made in 1878 by a Seneca woman after the old Mohawk style. The moose hair embroidered pattern on the toes is now widely copied on moccasins sold for commercial purposes. Purchased March 27, 1906 pair of baby moccasins, Ga-zun-i-ah Ata-kwa. Seneca tribe, Tona- wanda band. Purchased on Tonawanda Reservation, March 16, 1906. The hole in the sole of one moccasin is purposely made that the baby may tell the spirits that seek to lure it to the spirit world that it is not properly shod for the long journey of death, since strong, new moccasins must be on the feet of those who journey skyward. pair of ceremonial leggings, Gais-hal. Formerly owned by the daughter of Black Squirrel. Purchased on the Tonawanda Reserva- tion, March 16, 1906 pair of women’s leggings, Gais-hah. Seneca tribe. Tonawanda Reservation. Purchased March 16, 1906 short snow snakes, Ni-wa-ah ga-was-sa. This short form of the snow snake is said to have been devised by the Tonawanda band of Senecas, who discovered that they could throw them with greater ease and at a greater distance than the long “ sticks ” in general use. Purchased March 16, 1906, on Tonawanda Reservation PURCHASED JUNE 1906 Gus-to-weh or Seneca ceremonial hat, used by Chief Kettle for 16 years in the Great Feather ceremony bark cooking bowl purchased from Chief Ga-niu-dai-euh husk basket used in the Seneca Dark Dance ceremony husk salt bottle, made by Ho-non-di-ont O-dan-koat Mattern, Joseph E. West Rush, Monroe co. N. Y. Celts from Monroe county 6 BRB NY HH RS RN FB celts, beveled on one side and flat on other side, West Rush celt, large, beveled on one side and flat on other side, West Rush celt, round top, flat bottom equilateral celts round celt double edged celt, small long celt from Honeoye creek equilateral celt rude celts flat bellied celt gouges THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 107 Celts from Livingston county short, broad celts from Caledonia flat bellied celts small flat bellied celts celt, very small polished flint celt, small broad celt from Fort Hill gouges broken celt from Chittenango county large celt from Ontario county black celt, rounded type matetes from Fort Richmond pitted hammer stones type I hammer stones type 2 hammer stones pitted, type 3 hammer stones type 3-1 hammer stones pestle, Livingston county pestle pestles from West Rush, Monroe co. pestle from Chenango county perforated pendant net sinkers box containing specimens from the Woodruff farm, West Rush: 1 calcedony flake, I antler punch, I string of 20 tubular bone beads, I bone needle, fine perfect specimen, 4 imperfect bone needles, 14 bone awls bone ball 5 brass points on card 3 brass cones on card I5 bone awls from Richmond Mills 9g fine large awls from Old Fort, Richmond Mills I fine awl from Woodruff farm, West Rush I I I ios) SB BR eH BFP HF HWW WO 4H HB HW FH WH DD HH bone harpoon point from West Rush string of varicolored glass beads, (216) string holding glass, shell and wampum beads 200 glass and wampum beads from Lima I string of round Venetian beads from Totiacton I string 4 feet long holding blue, white and red beads I string 2 feet long holding wampum beads from Dibble farm, Lima 2 perforated bear teeth 5 perforated wolf teeth 2 perforated elk teeth 2 phalanx cups 2 water snail shells I iron saw from Totiacton I iron spatula from Totiacton 2 bone reamers I section of bone reamer I fine specimen of antler awl 108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM bone knife antler point bone awl small antler chisels string of tubular bone beads as follows: 18 tube beads of various sizes, 3 perforated phalanges, 5 femur perforated balls I bone tube from Woodruft farm I bone tube from Old Fort, Log Pond 12 conical legging rattlers 2 perforated lead balls 2 conical iron legging rattlers 2 spirally wound coils 3 catlanite beads I small Jesuit ring with picture representing the adoration of the Christ child by the wise men 10 large discoidal beads 48 small discoidal shell beads 23 tubular busycon cone beads I pendant 1 double diametrically drilled dot-decorated pendant 1 triangular pendant 2 fine specimens of bar amulets from West Rush 1 semilunar knife, exceptionally fine specimen from West Rush I gorget with single perforation from Hopewell, Ontario co. I gorget with two perforations from Gibbard farm, West Rush I I I I I 2 I HW eH Ae gorget with a single perforation from West Rush gorget double drilled and inscribed from York, Livingston co. double perforated gorget from New York State farm, Rush fragment of a gorget, Rush half section banner stone, Rush half sections banner stone, West Rush portion broken shale knife I perforated tablet, West Rush 183 shouldered flints from Livingston county 8 blank blades from Livingston county 120 shouldered points from Monroe county 60 shouldered points from West Rush 2 triangular points from Rush 43 triangular points from West Rush, N. Y. 27 flints, various, West Rush, N. Y. 56 unusual points, Genesee valley 12 bunts, Genesee valley 17 long shouldered flints from Monroe county 13 broad shouldered flint points from Monroe county © 6 spears from Afton 4 spears from Livingston county 3 knives, Livingston county 1 knife, Erie county, from site of Red Jacket’s farm 1 iron knife blade 17 scrapers from Monroe county oe THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 60 flints from Livingston county 60 scrapers from Livingston county 12 bunts from Monroe county 9 spears from Monroe county 30 notched points from Monroe county 22 triangular flints from Monroe county 37 various flints from Piffard 10 blank blades from Piffard 9 points from West Rush 19 broad shouldered points from Rush 160 broad points from Rush 8 triangular points from Richmond Mills 4 bunts from Richmond Mills. 73 shouldered points from Afton I5 variously formed points from Genesee Valley Junction 3 perforators 7 75 shouldered arrow points from Afton 17 triangular points from Genesee valley 17 scrapers from Livingston county '15 bunts from Monroe county 4 blanks from Monroe county 20 shouldered points from Monroe and Livingston counties 60 spears in box 22 large spears in box 325 points from Livingston and Monroe counties 31 scrapers 13 clay pipe bowls 7 fragments of pipe bowls I stone maskette I stone tube, highly polished, from Hemlock lake 1 depressed center-perforated discoidal stone I rare bone comb from Richmond Mills 7 perforated brass arrow points 10 triangular brass points from Totiacton I polished slate knife, rare specimen, from Avon I polished slate knife, chipped edges I winged and notched object of stone 2 bone draw scrapers II flints from Monroe county 20 flints from Monroe county 254 flint points from the Genesee valley 24 notched shouldered points from the Genesee valley Spear, William A. Findley Lake, N. Y. stone press, Indian make, from Ripley Crossing stone hammer of polished black and white marble from Mina black polished chunkee stone, from Gage’s Gulf grooved war club stone from Findley lake chisel celt from Findley lake celt chisel from Mina aS Se eS aS eS A — — O NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM celts from Ripley moccasin last from French creek adz from Chautauqua lake gorgets from Clymer celt from Mina small pestle from Ripley mottled stone pestle from Ripley celts from French creek celt from Mina large quarry flake from Mina large war club head from Findley lake celts from Clymer celts from Findley lake obtuse edged celt from Erie (Pa.) small celts from Ripley large flake from Findley lake bar celt from Mayville. A rare specimen celts from Chautauqua gorget from French creek miniature pestle or plummet from French creek celts from Chautauqua county polished pipe with human face and deer’s hoof from Findley lake polished cup of oolitic limestone (Ind.) from Hauger farm, Findley lake 1 disk stone 50 flint points from Chautauqua county I varicolored jasper knife from Chautauqua 10 flint spearheads from Chautauqua 3 iron tomahawks from Lake Erie trail I wooden war club carved from curly maple. Picked up at Herkimer after the Indian raid of 1791. Exceptionally fine specimen — = Om & ND & & YO HW HD AB BROS SB SS DS HW Amidon, Dr R. W. Chaumont, N. Y. BONE ARTICLES FROM ST LAWRENCE COUNTY 4 bone awls made from bone splinters. Large specimens. St Law- rence county 4 bone harpoons from St Lawrence county I inscribed awl. Fine specimen from St Lawrence county 1 finely pointed cylindrical bone awl or broken harpoon. St Lawrence county heavy bone splinter awls or spears. St Lawrence county flat bone knife tubular awl splinter awls, broken flat awls, rude specimens portion of bone knife cylindrical bone awl with broken tip incised walrus bone harpoon bone harpoon showing scratches made when object was in process —~— — me me NH OD S&S & NN THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 awl points polished cylindrical awl harpoon bone gouge and scraper broken awl po:nt barbed harpoon. Fine specimen chipped bone implements fragment of perforated human skull perforated and inscribed bone awls spatulate implement, small awl of bear’s jaw with teeth inscribed bone knife point needles semicarbon:zed bone knife point with incised marks awl points metatarsal bone perforated and smoothed deer phalanges panther claw inscribed bone knives long bone awls harpoons barbed harpoon worked bones 3 flat awllike knives worked antler points rude awls 5 pieces of worked bone fragments of bone knifes awl points Eskimoan awl fragments of Eskimoan awls rubbed and pointed bones pieces worked walrus bone antler points bone beads of various sizes Oe RR Re Rw Go Ne Coho ot ieee ho) Cola) Or een COINS MES ye Go. SO Wk ete ea teen a BONE OBJECTS FROM PERCH RIVER 4 pieces of worked bone I piece of worked antler 16 bone awls of various sizes and forms I needle point 1 elk tooth pendant 10 pieces of worked bone I awl made from jaw of small rodent I bone knife fragment, Eskimoan 1 lot of sherds from Champlain I lot of worked bone I lot of pipe pottery from Duck Harbor I lot of pottery of Algonkin pattern Iif eI — No NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lot oi animal bones lot of pottery fragments from Perch river lot of antler and bone objects lot marked VII containing sherds lot of Algonquin sherds lot of animal bones lot of potsherds from Rutland Hollow lot of potsherds lot of water-washed stones lot of pipe pottery from St Lawrence county articles of worked flint bone awls pear teeth pitching tools bone tube specimens of worked stone stone pick nude celt celts from Point Salubrious celts from Perch river stone cylinder shell bead from ossuary busycon cone bead shell bead : 16 triangular flint points I remnant of pottery coil which was bitten while soft by an Indian child when it was thrown into the fire and baked. Shows imprint of four lower incisors which were irregular. I pottery pipe, Perch river. Rare specimen HHA RH NY DY FAN HW WD ON 4B AH AR WR eS RA Re ae Wienert, E. Albany. 1 grooved axe of serpentine. Unusual form, from town of Duanesburg, Schenectady co. Collection Parker, Arthur C. FROM BURNING SPRING FORT, DURING THE SUMMER OF I905 Fragments of pottery, arrow points, flint chips, bones and charcoal Charred grass from grave Arrow points Bones, chips etc. from a pit on High Banks 10 fish net sinkers 12 celts or stone axes 8 pestles I4 stone articles (round) used perhaps as hammer stones I perforated stone 2 stones used perhaps for striking fire I scraper made of stone Miscellaneous stone articles Fragments of an earthenware pot THIRD: REPORG OF LHE DIRECTOR 1906 I1l3 Fragments of pottery picked up on surface of Burning Spring site I cigar box containing flint objects: drills, scrapers, war points, hunt- ing points, arrowheads etc. . FROM THE ERIE INDIAN VILLAGE, FORT AND BURIAL GROUND NEAR RIPLEY, CHAUTAUQUA CO., N. Y. DURING THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1906 STONE OBJECTS I stone mortar from ash pit 50 I stone pipe, claw-shaped, from grave 105 I stone pipe with stem, from grave 140 I stone pipe with stem neck from grave I4I I stone pipe bowl, Wisconsin form, from ash pit 26 I Oval stone pipe, Wisconsin form, from top soil. Trench 5 Leaminal form pipe from grave 92 Et bar celt from grave 96 E double edged celt from grave 92 Hicele (rom grave 132 i cell irom grave 100 4 celts found in fire pit 80 I celt edge from ash pit 83 1 celt broken in process from trench 12 1 celt from grave 92 Reece trom erave 11 1 celt from knoll opposite site Iomude celt irom pit 32 msmallecelt from ash pit 32 2 miniature celts edged from natural pebble. Ash pit 78 I miniature celt edged from natural pebble. Ash pit 77 I chisel-edged stone from ash pit 78 T celt or edged stone from grave 10 triangular flint points from grave 139 A triangular flint points from grave II7 10 triangular flint points from grave 120 8 triangular flint points from grave 96 6 triangular flint points from grave 94 1 long triangular flint from grave 78 I triangular flint point from pit 78 1 yellow jasper triangular point from pit 55 2 flint triangular points from pit 50 8 flint triangular points from grave 63 5 flint triangular points from grave 64 7 triangular flint points from ash pit 32 4 triangular flint points from ash pit 34 4 triangular flint points from ash pits, various t flint perforator from grave 133 I spear and 1 knife of flint from grave 133 3 flint scrapers from grave 133 5 flint chips from grave 133 1 flint knife from grave 139 TI4 NEW - YORK STATE, MUSEUM I translucent white spearhead from grave 120 2 flint knives from grave 120 I translucent white spearhead from grave 120 black flint knife from grave 94 bunt point from ash pit 78 flint scraper from ash pit 50 flint knife from ash pit 35 flint blade from ash pit 21 oval blade from grave Io flint object from grave flint knives from grave 63 net sinkers from surface hammer stone from trench 14 hammer stone from ash p:t 83 hammer stone from ash pit 50 hammer stones from ash pit trench 3 worked stone from grave 63 worked stone from trench 18 grooved shaft rubbing stone from ash pit 83 worked stone from grave I20 chopper or digging stone from trench 12 | a et OS OO eT POTTERY OBJECTS pottery vessel from grave 140 pottery vessel from grave I19 large clay pot from grave clay pot, corded decoration from grave 128 clay pot, corded decoration from grave 126 pottery vessel from grave broken clay pot from grave I12 clay pot from grave 106 pottery vessel, wide mouth, from grave 100 clay pot with pitcher nose from grave I13 pottery vessel from grave pottery vessel from grave I07 red clay pot from grave 105 small terra cotta vessel from grave 96 clay pot from grave 96 pottery cup from grave 96 pottery vessel from grave 87 pottery vessel from grave 88 pottery vessel from grave 92 pottery vessel from grave 86 pitcher-shaped pot from grave 69 pottery vessel and pipe from grave 62 clay pot from grave 62 pottery vessel from grave 65 pottery vessel from grave 51 pottery vessel from grave 48 (Restored) small clay pot from ash pit 17 a a ne Le A cn a nO OO | me HN Ss = SS = SS SS SS Ae He AH eH Se Se THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 clay pot from grave 23 pottery vessel in fragments from grave 58 pottery vessel from trench 9 pottery vessel from grave 4 red terra cotta pipe, with nipple for stem, from grave 9 pottery pipe with a face on front and back, from grave 44 clay pipe from grave 51 terra cotta pipe bow] from ash pit 31 terra cotta pipe from grave 120 bear’s head pipe bowl fragment from ash pit 82 pot rim fragment pot points from pit 50° broken pot from grave 47 broken pot from grave 40 pot rim point from ash pit 42 potsherd with color band decorations from pit 33 pot points from ash pit 34 fabric-marked sherd from ash pit 32 pot points from ash pit 32 top of pipe bowl from surface broken pipe bowl from trench 4 pipe bowl fragment from trench 11 fragment of pipe bowl, clay in process from trench 11 pipe stem from ash pit 74 trumpet-shaped pipe from grave 86 piece of pipe stem from surface PIGMENTS piece of black graphite from grave 133 pieces of black pigment from grave 120 lump of red pigment from grave 96 METALLIC OBJECTS broken copper ring from grave 133 brass bead from grave 139 copper bead with section of original thong from grave 96 portion of copper arm band from ash pit 16 iron ax edge from grave 133 iron-stained stone from pit 32 HeGtiuiewlat i;On) Dat Lbonm: ash, pit 32 ANTLER OBJECTS pitching tool from grave 133 flaking tool from grave 133 anther punch from ash pit antler hoe from csh nit 55 pitching tool from ash pit antler implement with spatulate end from ash pit 50 pitching tool from ash pit 50 antler implement from ash pit 50 eI 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM antler chisel from pit 16 hollowed antler punch from ash pit 79 antler spade or hoe from pit 21 antler chisel from pit 34 section of antler showing cutting from ash pit 38 ee BONE OBJECTS 3 bone awls from pit 84 I bone awl from ash pit 79 5 bone awls from ash pit 74 4 bone awls from ash pit 75 » 1 tubular bone awl from ash pit 75 I bone.awl from ash pit 7I I awl point from ash pit 7o I awl from ash pit 70 3 awls from ash pit 50 2 rude awls from ash pit 46 I large awl from ash pit 42 1 awl with broken tip from ash pit 42 I awl from ash pit 35 I bone needle fragment from pit 35 2 bone awls from pit 21 4 awls from pit 28 1 bone awl from ash pit 3 3 bone awls from ash pit 2 1 bone awl from ash pit Lo 1 DONE awilekhOmcls de pipes 7 awls from ash pit 32 I awl irom ash pit 34 I awl point from ash pit 38 2 tubular beads from ash pit 82. polished bone bead from pit 81 rude bone beads from ash pit 78 polished beads from ash pit 76 bone beads from pit 55 bone beads from ash pit 50 tubular bone bead from ash pit 46 bone beads from ash pit 86 broken bead from pit 45 short bead from ash pit 46 tubes of bone from ash pit 41 bone tube from ash pit 46 bone tube from ash pit 35 bone beads from ash pit 21 bone beads from ash pit in trench 1 5 bone beads from ash pit 28 6 bone beads from ash pit 3 I bead NO b&b 4 DH w Wd Ww Loa! WwW BH OH THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 bone beads from ash pit 1 bone beads from ash pit 21 bone bead from ash pit 31 bone beads from ash pit 32 bone bead from ash pit 32 bone tube in process bone bead from ash pit 53 smoothed deer’s phalanx from ash pit 75 smoothed deer’s phalanx from ash pit 76 smoothed deer’s phalanges from ash pit 46 conical perforated phalanx from pit 34 portion of worked phalanx from ash pit 34 worked bone from ash pit 78 serrated rib from ash pit 78 long tube bead from ash pit 78 bone punch from ash pit 55 smoothed bone grooved on either side from ash pit 50 smoothed bone from ash pit 50 notched bone pendant from ash pit 21 bone shuttle from ash pit 29 fragment of tortoise shel! cup, perforated, from ash pit 34 hollow handlelike bone from ash pit 34 bone plug from ash pit 32 worked bone from ash pit 38 worked deer phalanx from ash pit 79 smoothed phalanx from ash pit 74 scratched animal femur incised bones from ash pit 38 Herborated deers tooth from ash pit 117 worked beaver tooth from ash pit 84 worked beaver tooth from ash pit 79 worked beaver tooth from ash pit 70 petrorated elk’s tooth from ash pit 55 tooth, perforated, from ash pit 50 bear tooth from ash pit 34 sections of a bone needle from ash pit 80 pone needle, broken, from ash pit 21 broken bone needle from ash pit 29 ear bones trom “sheep-head ” perch from ash pit 2 ear bones from “sheep-head” perch from ash pit 46 fish head game button from ash pit 77 polished racoon penis bone from ash pit 50 € KH HN ND HH HO HH HA A A WR A RR BOR OR ROR a OR aR ORR ORR RR BPR oer wD HUMAN REMAINS Parts of 75 skeletons OBJECTS OF SHELL 1 shell gorget found in grave 133 Various fragments of shell beads from grave 133 EL7 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 10 fragments of an incised shell from grave 133 50 discoidal beads found about neck of skeleton 133 1 shell pendant from grave 133 I perforated unio shell from ash pit 46 1 discoidal bead from ash pit 21 i shellthead=trom: asim pits 50, snail shells, (Helix altermata)) irom pit OBJECTS OF WOOD OR OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES I section of pipe stem preserved by carbonization 1 charred corn cob from ash pit 81 Decayed wood from grave II Quantity of charred corn from ash pit 32 MISCELLANEOUS Objects from ash pits; 10 boxes OTHER ARCHEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN THE FIELD 1906 pot rim fragment from Rochester Junction celt in process from mouth of Cattaraugus grooved ax from Burning Spring trail notched flint point from Burning Spring trail. Rare form pitted stone from Brant sand hill potsherds from Burning Spring piece of stone gorget from mouth of Cattaraugus creek flint drill from mouth of Cattaraugus triangular flint point from mouth of Cattaraugus fragment of pipe stem shouldered flints from mouth of Cattaraugus flint drill from Burning Spring yellow jasper flake from mouth of Cattaraugus triangular blade from mouth of Cattaraugus greenish yellow chip from mouth of Cattaraugus perforated triangular arrow point of brass from Rochester Junction LE oe oe oO Os a | Totals eck oe San Sa pe eee 3405+ THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I¢06 Xx Appendix A 119 Maye NTRIPS ON GENERAL RECORD OF LOCALITIES SEeaMERICAN PALEOZOIC FOSSILS BELONGING TOPS AEE MUSEUM Alphabetic list of localities Alfred (Allegany co.), 3528 Almond (Allegany co.), 3530 Aurelius (Cayuga co.), 3521 Aurora (Cayuga co:), 3506 Birch point, Me., 3543 Breakneck creek (Schuyler co.), 3507, 3508 Carlo’s island, Me., 3538, 35390 Charles Mix county, S. D., 3513 Shatmiam (lioga co.), Pa., 3531 Cincinnati, O., 3406 Collingwood, Ontario, Can., 3515 Cross Roads (Cayuga co.), 3516 Denbow point, Me., 3552 Dennysville, Me., 3549 Eastport, Me., 3542 East Rochester (Monroe co.), 3500 Edmunds, Me., 3550 Falls point, Me., 3548 Genesee river (Monroe co.), 3510, 3522, 3524 Genoa (Cayuga co.), 3503, 3505 Jerusalem Hill (Herkimer co.), 3525 eneyville (Tioga co.), Pa., 3532 Knowlton’s Landing, Me., 3555 Lebanon, O., 3512 Little river, Me., 3541 Lodi (Seneca co.), 3510 Lodi creek (Seneva co.), 3510 Lodi glen (Seneca co.), 3500 Lodi point (Seneca co.), 3504 Mazon creek (Grundy co.), TIl., | 3511 Memphremagog lake, Quebec, Can. 355453555 Moose island, Me., 3535, 3536, 3537, Sp Naples (Ontario co.), 3502 North? Hector (Schuyler cos), 3507; 3508" > 7 North Litchfield (Herkimer co.), 3534 Oakwood (Cayuga co.) 3517 Olean (Cattaraugus co.), 3529 Ontario, Can., 3514 Otisville (Orange co.), 3526 Owl’s Head landing, Me., 3554 Parrish gully (Ontario co.), 3502 Payne’s creek (Cayuga co.), 3506 Pembroke, Me., 3547, 3548 Pennamaguan bay, Me., 3544 Perry, Me., 3542 Pigeon hill, Me., 3542 Pittsford (Monroe co.), 3523 Pleasant point, Me., 3540 Rochester (Monroe co.), 3499, 3501, 3518, 3519, 3520, 3522, 3524 Rogus island, Me., 3553 Salmon creek ((Cayucay Co.) (3503; 3505 South Greece (Monroe co.), 3495 South Westerlo (Albany co.), 3498 “Spring House” (Monroe co.), 3523 Stone river, Tenn., 3497 Valois (Schuyler co.), 3507, 3508 West Pembroke, Me., 3545, 3546 New York localities according to counties ALBANY CO. South Westerlo ALLEGANY CO. Alfred Almond CATTARAUGUS CO. Olean CAYUGA’ CO, Aurelius Aurora Cross Roads Genoa Oakwood Paywe’s creek Salmon creek DELAWARE CO. Delhi HERKIMER CO. Jerusalem Hill North Litchfield Names in italics are new to the record. ORANGE CO. Otisville SCHUYLER CO. Breakneck creek North Hector MONROE CO. Valois East Rochester SENECA CO. Genesee river Lodi Pittsford Lodi creek Rochester Lodi glen South Greece Lodi point ~ Spring House ” TOMPKINS CO. ONTARIO CO. Ithaca Naples Parrish gully I20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Index to formations Trenton group, 3407, 3514, 3515 Onondaga limestone, 3517 Richmond beds, 3512 Hamilton beds, 3498 Siluric, 3513 Ludlowville shale, 3506 Clinton beds, 3501, 3519, 3520, 3524 | Genesee shale, 3503, 3505 Rochester shale, 3495, 3518 Portage beds, 3504, 3507, 3508, 3500 Lockport dolomite, 3522 Cashaqua beds, 3502 Guelph dolomite, 3499, 3500 Ithaca beds, 3556 Upper Siluric, 3496 Hatch shales, 3510 Salina beds, 3526 Oneonta sandstone, 3557 Pittsford shale, 3523 Chemung beds, 3528, 3520, 3530, Bertie waterlime, 3516, 3525 202 In 2532 Cobleskill limestone, 3521 Wolf creek conglomerate, 3527 Devonic, 3554, 3555 Upper Carbonic, 3511 Helderbergian, 3534 Carbonic, 3533 Record of new localities 3495 Rochester shale. Excavation for barge canal 2 miles east of South Greece railroad -station,.Monroe co. H. C. Wardell, coll) reas 3496 Upper Siluric. Cincinnati, O. Dr Fr. Coppi purchase, 1906. 3497 Trenton group. Stone river, Tenn. Dr Fr. Coppi purchase, 1906 3498 Hamilton beds. South Westerlo, N. Y. Ross Morehouse, donor, 1906 3499 Guelph dolomite. Excavation for new high school, Rochester, N.Y. “Cc A Hartnacel “donor, 1900 3501 Upper Clinton. Genesee gorge, Rochester, N. Y. -C. A. Hartnagel, donor, 1906 3502 Cashaqua beds. Parrish gully, Naples, N. Y. D. D. Luther, coll 1905 3503 Genesee beds, top of. 3 miles south of Genoa on Salmon creek, Cayuga co. No Yo 2 DD euthers coll roa; 2504 Lower Portage beds. North ravine at Lodi point, Seneca lake, N: ¥.-7800A. Do DD Eutherscolle a005 3505 Genesee beds, top of. 2% miles south of Genoa village, N. Y. at the forks of Salmon creek near an old mill. D. D. Luther, coll. 1905 ; 3506 Ludlowville shale. Aurora, N. Y. Payne’s creek at about 420’ A. T. 50 to 100 feet below Tichenor limestone. D. D. Luther, coll. 1905 3507 Portage beds. Valois (North Hector) N: Y. af Goo ft A, aoa Breakneck creek ravine. Horizon 175 ft (est.) above base of the Portage.» D.D. Luther, col sreng5 3508 Portage beds. Valois (North Hector) N. Y. In Breakneck creek, ravine at 540 A. T. Horizon 120 ft (est.) above base of Portage. DD; luther, coll, 1905 3509 Portage beds. Lodi'’Glen, 800 to 820 ft A. T. D. D. Luther, coll: 1905 3510 Hatch shale. Lodi creek 1 mile south of Lodi village at 1050’ A. fT, D: Lathercoll. 1o0s 3511 Upper Carbonic. Mazon creek, Grundy co., Ill. Dr F. Krantz, purchase, 1906 THIRD |REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 I21 Richmond beds. Lebanon, O. Ward’s Natural Science Estab- lishment, purchase, 1906 ire Coline +), Charles Mix county, S. D. Wards Natural Science Establishment, purchase, 1906 Trenton group. Ontario, Can. Ward’s Natural Science Estab- lishment, purchase, 1906 Frenton group. Collingwood, Ontario, Can. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, purchase, 1906 Bertie waterlime. Cross Roads, Cayuga co., N. ¥. C. A. Hart- macel. coll. TOOI—5 Onondaga limestone. Cliff north of Oakwood, Cayuga co., N. Y. Co ritdrinacel, coll, 1901-5 Rochester shale. Rochester, N. Y. C. A. Hartnagel, coll. 1Ig01-5 Clinton beds (lower limestone). Genesee river, Rochester, N. Y. Cea rannacel colls 1901—5 Clinton beds (top of lower green shale). Rochester, N. Y. C. A. ilanenacel,. coll, + 100r 5 Cobleskill limestone. Stony Pitch near Aurelius, Cayuga co., N. Y. C. A. Hartnagel, coll. 1901-5 Lockport dolomite. Brink of upper falls Genesee, river, Rochester, NenveenG.A Elartnasel coll, -reor-s Salina beds, base of. ‘Spring House” Pittsford, N. Y.. R. Ruede- maanmec El. C.. Wardell, coll: “1906 pelintom- beds. “Genesee gorge, Rochester, N. Y. H.C. Wardell, coll. 1906 Bertie limestone. Maxwell’s farm, Jerusalem Hill, Herkimer co., Neve EC. Wardell, coll: -ro06 Shawanotimk prit. Erie R: R. crusher quarry, Otisville, N. Y. H. C. Wardell, coll. 1906 MV elimercek conglomerate. Cattaraugus co: N. Y. Charles Butts, coll. @hemune beds. Alfred, N.Y. Charles: Butts, coll: Chemung beds. Olean, N. Y. Charles Butts, coll. Chemuns beds. Almond, N. Y. Charles Butts, coll Chemung beds. Chatham, Tioga co., Pa. Charles Butts, coll. Chemung beds. Keneyville, Tioga co., Pa. Charles Butts, coll. iizua. sandstone, Tioga ¢o., Pa: Charles Butts, coll. Helderbergian. Salisbury’s quarry, North Litchfield, Herkimer co., Neve He Coo Wardell coll 1906 cre CS as Prince or Salt works cave southwest side of Moose island, Washington co.,, Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 SS ie eee Point just south of -Broad cove, west side of Moose island, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 a Sh eee Shackford head north side of Broad cove, Moose island, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 See gb oe North part Carlo’s island, St Croix river, Wash- ington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 2 Ber es SOuriwest part of Carlos msland, St Croix’ river, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 [22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SEAO i UE Aaeioee Pleasant point, Washington co., Me. O. O. Ny- lander, coll. 1906 PICA Sete hoy ose Sete Mouth of Little river (west side), Washington co., Mex ©; Ol Nylander, coll iirqos BUD a view ce oeanain eee Pigeon hill, between Perry and Eastport, Wash- ington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 BDA Bi ccigh oy ete Meas caer Birch point, extreme southern point of the town of Perry, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 RSAACE I ovatyenc aattoue dil West side of the head of Pennamaguan bay, Wash- iIngtonuco., Mie (Om @reNalancdenmco sam noa~ RIGAIGN Meck een tak Acree Farm of G. Hilton. 3 miles south of West Pem- broke, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 SS AOL i eiae ao ee On farms of Ezra Leighton and Isaac Leighton, 4 miles south of West Pembroke, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 ; GAs mrss. Beet ral Schooner cove (east side), town of Pembroke, Wash- ington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 REAM Stein eres eae Falls point, extreme southern point of town of Pembroke, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 SRA Meat Bes cee. King David’s lodge. Town of Dennysville, Wash- ington co, Mes (On@, Nalanderscollnooe 2EIEO Gite ee caeacmucee On farm of Joseph Bell. Southwestern part of town of Edmunds, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 RIGGS. Michyatr mann Gears Northern end of Moose island, Washington co., Mey OX OF NiJandenicoll: 1906 is ence el ee eats Raut Denbow point, northern point of town of Lubec, Washington co., Me. O. O. Nylander, coll. 1906 Ce ae Rogus island, town of Lubec, Washington co., Me. O. OF Nylander coll,” 10906 3554 Devonic limestone. Cove at Owl’s Head landing, Memphremagog lake, Quebec, Can. R. Ruedemann, coll. 10906 3555 Devonic shale. Grove creek, 1 mile west of Knowlton’s Landing, Memphremagog lake, Quebec, Can. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1906 Record of foreign localities Specimens bearing lemon yellow tickets 162 Upper Siluric. Konieprus, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 163. Upper Siluric. Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 164 Upper Siluric. Tetin, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 165 Upper Siluric. Dlouha hora, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 166 Upper Siluric. Lochkow, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 167. Lower Siluric. Vesela, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 168 Lower Siluric. Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 169 Lower Siluric. Andrarum, Sweden. Fr. Coppi, purchase 170 Upper Siluric. Kolednik, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase 171 Lower Siluric. Oeland, Sweden, Fr. Coppi, purchase 172 Upper Siluric. Gotland, Sweden. Fr. Coppi, purchase 173. Upper Siluric. Wenlock limestone. Dudley, England. Fr. Coppi, purchase 174 275 176 £77 178 179 180 ISI 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 IQI 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 — 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 PRD REPORT. OF] Ete, DIRE CLOR 1906 123 Lower Siluric. Zahoran, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase Simran (Cschiste ardoisier). Urélaze, near Angers, France. ~ Fr. Coppi, purchase Upper Siluric. St Ivan, Bohemia. Fr. Coppi, purchase Siluric. Waques, Calvados, France. Fr. Coppi, purchase Lower Devonic. Bundenbach, Rhenish Pr. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Christiania, Norway. F. Krantz, purchase Cambric.' Skrey, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Pulkowka river, Kusmino near St Petersburg, Russia. F. Krantz, purchase Cambric. Skrey, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. (Leitschkow, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Cambric. Skrey, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Middle Devonic. Terques, Pas de Calais, Fr. Jean Miguel, exchange Upper Devonic. S. Nazaire, Hérault, Fr. Jean Miguel, exchange Middle Devonic. Trasmiers, Terques Pas de Calais, France. Jean Miguel, exchange Lower Devonic. Nehou, Manche, France. Jean Miguel, exchange Lower Devonic. La Baconniére, Mayenne, France. Jean Miguel, exchange. Middle Devonic (Ejifelian). Le Mont Peyoux, Herault, France Jean Miguel, exchange Upper Devonic. Cabriéres, Herault, France. Jean Miguel, exchange Lower Devonic. S. Germain le Touilly, Fr. Jean Miguel, exchange Carbonic. Dudley, England. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Siluric. Hostin, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Siluric. Dudley, England. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Bala, Northern Wales. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Kuchelbad, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Mortain, France. F. Krantz, purchase Carbonic. Eskdale, New Brunswick. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Siluric. Ro6tzikiill, Island of Oesel, Livland, Russia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. County Tyrone, Ireland. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Ostergotland, Sweden. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Siluric. Gotland, Sweden. F. Krantz, purchase Upper Siluric. Lodenitz, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Vitré Ille et Vilaine, France. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Devonic. Winnigen on the Moselle, Rhenish Prussia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Girvan, Scotland. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Dudley, England. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Coblentz. Oberstadtfeld, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Pelm, Eifel, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Lower Coblentz. Singhofen, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Ahrhitte, Eifel, Ger. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Lissingen, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Gerolstein, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Gondelsheim, Eifel, Ger. Fr. Drevermann, donor Middle Devonic. Schmidtheim, Eifel, Ger. Fr. Drevermann, donor SERRERR Yo NY dH HN OW GIS Gore by) to Le) CONT NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Middle Devonic. Auburg, Eifel, Germany. Fr. Drevermann, donor Siluric. Lion, Loire Inferieure, France. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Saille, Ille et Vilaine, France. F. Krantz, purchase Silurie, St -Chinian, Herault, France. ho israntzpurenase Siluric: Travenzot, Sarthe, France. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Guichen, Ille et Vilaine, France. F. Krantz, purchase Precambric. Oeland, Sweden. F. Krantz, purchase Cambric. Herault, France. FP. Krantz, pmnchase Lower Devonic. Bundenbach, Rheinland, Ger. F. Krantz, purchase Cambric. Tremadoc. North Wales, Eng. F. Krantz, purchase Stlurie:” May. Eranice: i krantz.putelace Lower Devonic. . Stadield, Daun, Eifel, Rhenish Prussiaseee Krantz, purchase Siluric. Dudley, @ngland. F. Krantz, purchase Carbonic. Clitheroe, Lancaster, England. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Osek, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Sadewitz, Silesia, Germany. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Lodewitz, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Hercynian. Konieprus, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Devonic. Herault Frances) M. KGsrantze purease Siuric. St Benigne, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Beraun, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Devonic fossils from Tibagy, Parana, Brazil. I. C. White, donor Devonic fossils. Jaguaryhiva, Parana, Brazil. I. C. White, donor Devonic fossils. Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil. I. C. White, donor Devonic Fossils. Near Para; Brazil. 1) (Cx White, doaor Upper Siluric. Lodewitz, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Dudley, England. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Siluric. Podcaple, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Siluric. Lodewitz, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Hercynian. Koniéprus, Bohemia. F. Krantz, purchase Lower Devonic. Maecurt river, Para, Brazil. Morgan expedition collection. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Middle Siluric. Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil. Morgan expedition collection. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Lower Devonic. Rio Curua, Para, Brazil. Morgan expedition collection: Oxs-A., Derby, & J: MU Clarke, donars Lower Devonic. Ereré, Para, Brazil. Morgan expedition collec- tion. - ©. Aj. Derby, & J. Mo Clarkes donors. Devonic. Ponta Grossa. State of Parana, Brazil. Morgan expedi- tion collection. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Devonic (?) Colonia Thereza, State of Parana, Brazil. Morgan ex- pedition collection. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Coal Measures. Itaittiba, Brazil. Morgan expedition collection. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Triassic (?) Piracicaba. State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 125 Appendix B CATALOGUE OF TYPE SPECIMENS OF PALEOZOIC FOSSILS Supplement 3 The general classified list, covering 5159 numbers, was published as Museum bulletin 65. Supplement 1 was published as part of the annual report of the Paleontologist 1903.” Supplement 2 was published as part of the report of the Director 1904. PLANTAE ARTHROPHYCUS Hall Arthrophycus harlani Conrad (sp.) 6176 42° HyYPOTYPE Derby. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio denlameine, «10870. “22 92- Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. Eo9O, Vv. 10. Authors Hne. ed) 1900. pl. iacing p. 4. piluric. Oiteiro, do Cachorra. Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors COELENTERATA SPONGIAE Hexactinellid sponge (spicules of) 6177 231° nypoTyPpe Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de ameiro, 1800..- V7. Fo. Author s ne. ed. L900. pp: 4, leek his 29. Siluric io, Drompetas. cars, Brazil OFA Deroy & J M: Clarke, donors 6178 23/9 HypoTyPe Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de feeemo.sstoge. we to", authors Hog.) ed.’ 1900. (le by MI A. Silturic Rio Trombetas, Pard,.Brazil De Oa) Derby & |My Clarke, donors CNIDARIA ALVEOLITES Lamarck Alveolites goldfussi Billings 6179 2°21 HypotyPeE Billings. Canadian Journal. n. s. 1860. be 255: 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hall. Illustrations: of Devonian fossils: 1876: Corals, plea, tec. sor Hamilton beds. York, Livingston co, Nee C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6180 2%21 HypoTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. Oe = Cems. lig 24, SS OL fy Oe Hamilton beds. Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake, N. Y. HM El. Smith; coll euspm Astrea stylopora see Michelinia (Pleuro- dictyum) stylopora Calamopora hemuspiwericus scotia sites hemisphericus Calamopora maxima see Michelinia (Pleu- rodictyum) maxima CHAETETES Fischer Chaetetes fruticosus Hall 6181 2142 TYPE Chaetetes fruticosus Hall) iiccme tions of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, explana- HOMO ll SSr iol, ass ime. ov. Hamilton beds Canandaigua lake, Nae R. P. Whitfield & J. W. Hall, coll. 1858 6182 21443 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals plazas. ie. nA" Hamilton beds Canandaigua lakes Naaae R. P. Whitfield & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1862 6183 2142 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 1876. Corals, plac meas. Hamilton beds Western New York Chaetetes furcatus Hall 6184 2124 type Chaetetes sfurcatus Hall = Mitcm tions of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, explana- tion of plo 39-.ph syns. 2, 4... (Part or speempimy Hamilton beds Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake, N. Y. Hi: EL.«Sniith, coll regs THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 127 6185 2444 TyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876, Corals pls 37, tee 2s : Hamilton shale Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake, N. Y. H. H. Smith, coll. 1871 6186 2444 TyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pli37. 2.5. Hamilton beds Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake, N. Y. 6187 2444 TyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals. ple 28, ne. 7. Hamilton beds Bellona, Yates. co. Now. C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 Chaetetes humilis Hall - Osor TYPE Chaetetes humilis - Hall. Illustra- tions of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, explana- TOMO pings Slay FiO? 11, 1/2, Onondaga limestone Western New York 6189 2442 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, le 47 eer a. LA. Onondaga hmestone Western New York 6190 2442 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Coralspl. 37, fie. 15: Onondaga limestone Western New York leo Chaetetes tenuis Hall 6191 32448 HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. mo pons Corals.) pil a7.) fis. o 10. Onondaga limestone Svatord., Genesee co: Na Y-: CYSTIPHYLLUM Lonsdale ~ Cystiphyllum americanum Milne-Edwards & Haime 6192 2281 HypotyPe Milne-Edwards & Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Palaeozoiques. 1851. p. 464. Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl. 28, fig. 2. Hamilton beds West Williams, Ont. J. De Cew, coll. 1865 125 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6193 322,81 HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1870, - Corals, plas aa nears. Hamiltcn beds West Williams, Ont. J. De Cew, coll) 7805 Cystiphyllum conifollis Hall 6194 2282 TYPE Cystiphyllum CO mit ols Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, explanation ot pl go, spite, me = Hamilton beds West Williams, Ont. J. De Cew, call’ 1a@5 Cystiphylium varians Hall 6i95 228° TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pli 2g; tic. 6. Hamilton beds. Moscow, Livingston co. N. Y. C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6196 228° Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals ale 2a anc 7a Hamilton beds York, Livingston co. N. Y. C.:A. White & C. Van Deloo, colle agia FAVOsITES Lamarck Favosites arbusculus Hall : 6197 242° Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals soleo. tie a2. Hamilton beds Moscow, Livingston co. N. Y. C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6198 2422 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, Gis eionaimertar Hamilton beds York, Livingston co. Nee C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6199 242° TypE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals,: pl. 36; figs. Hamilton beds York, Ne Ae C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6200 242° Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl 36; ieee. Hamilton beds York Nae C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6201 6202 6203 62¢4 6205 6206 6207 6208 3420 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 129 TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl. 36,.fg. 8 Hamilton beds Mork Nave: Ce Van Deloo,; coll. 1365 Favosites ? argus Hall” Pee he osites ) argus — Hall; iMlustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, explanation of pense splat 3°. 1 Hamilton beds Moric Ney. C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 ivee Elall Ilustrations of Deyosian fossils. _ 1876; Corals; pl. 13,. fie; 2. Hamilton beds Warten, Genesee co..N: Y. C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860-61 nYPE Efall Ulustratrons of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals» pl.1a; he. 3: Hamilton beds Works Ervineston co. N.Y. C2Van Deloo; coll 1865 TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals pls fe.5, 7. Hamilton beds Wore Ta. Cau Waites é C. Van Detoo,; coll 1560 iyeES ial MMlustrations of Devonian fossils. . 1876. Coralse pl 13, fie. 6: Hamilton beds Bellonawy ates co. N.Y. oO Wewalivg. C VaneDeloo, coll. 1866 TYPE Hall. [llustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876, Coralsyspl- a3, lies 8: Hamilton beds Wotlk SN ve, C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl. 13, fig. 9. Hamilton beds | Work) N.Y: C2 Van Deloo; coll. 1865 130 6209 6210 6211 6212 6213 6214 6215 6216 6217 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM a Favosites emmonsi Hall $426 TYPE Favosites emmonsi Hall ~\ Mlwetea tions of Devonian fossils. 7876. Corals, explana- OM: Oi Ol Gs Ol, ©, ihe, Te Onondaga limestone Cayuga, Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 3426 TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals; pla, ies 2. Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. | J. De Cew, collsase0 3426 TypE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Comzils, jolle Ge wes 2, &. | Onondaga limestone Williamsville, Erie co. N. Y R. P. Whitfield, C. A. White &C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 3426 TypE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals spi ie eace Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R. P. Whitfield, coll. 1865 3678 TYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossilsa emo ger Corals pleso. 1c-00. | Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R. P. Whitfield, coll. 186s 3426 TyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. (Comms, jolly ser, ime. is. Onondaga hmestone Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 3426 TyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals). ples nsnonets Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio 3426 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals; ple a2, teres Onondaga limestone Williamsville, Erie co. N. Y. C. A. White, coll. 1860 Favosites epidermatus Rominger 3427 HYPOTYPE Favosites epidermatus Rom- inger. American Journal of Science. 1862. 34:396. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 131 Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl 6, fie. 3, 4 Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. jEDe.Cew, colly 1866. 6218 342% HypoTyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. no One Corals, pls 6, hos (5. | Onondaga limestone Caledonia, Livingston co. N. Y. C. A. White, coll. 1860 6219 242% HyYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. Loos COrals, pl) E24 197-9. Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 Favosites epidermatus Rominger var. corticosus Hall 6220 2425 TYPE Favositesepidermatus var. corti- cosus_ Hall. [Illustrations of Devonian fossils. Koon Corals. explanation of pl. 10; pl. co, fig, 2. Onondaga limestone Western New York 6221 2428 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals plato, fig. 6. Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 Favosites (Michelinia?) explanatus Hall 6222 242° TYPE Favosites (Michelinia?) explana- his salle Mlistrations of Devonian fossils. 1876: Corals, explanation of pl. 14; pl. 14, fig. 1-4. Hamilton beds Mork livineston co, Ne Ye €. Van Deloo; coll: 7865 Favosites hamiltonensis Hall 6223 2429 TYPE Favosites hamiltonensis Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. LOO t.COkails: explanation Of pl, 74° ple 24, fies1, 2. Hamilton beds Aurora. .Cayuca co. No: G. B. Simpson, coll. 1863 6224 3429* type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals; pl.34, fig. 4. Hamilton beds mcroras IN G. B. Simpson, coll. 1863 132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6225 3429 TypE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals; pil34. ieee Hamilton beds Aurora; Nee G. B. Simpson, coll. 1863 6226 2429* TypE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, pl. 34, ne Hamilton beds Aurora, NOE G. B. Simpson, coll. 1863 6227 3429* Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876 Corals, "pl. 34) meer: Hamilton beds Aurora, Neos | G. B. Simpson, coll. 1863 Favosites hemisphericus Troost (sp.) 6228 3429 HypoTYPE Calamopora hemispherica Troost. Fuifth Geological Report of Tennessee. 1840. Os Be Bia we0 1s ites he mvirs p hear items Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, Oy ik IGLeA MOp Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R. P. Whitfield, coll. 1365 Favosites hemisphericus Troost var. a Hall 6229 242° TYPE Favosites. hemis plex tems evan Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals; explanation of ply 2A. ple oAs en oF Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio ». 0. Lyon, colle 6230 3429 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, plie2 ae ie a7. Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R: P. Whitheld, coll) 2865 Favosites hemisphericus Troost var. distortus Hall 6231 34294 tTypE Favosites HMemisphericus var, dis— tortus Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils: 1876. Corals, explanation”of pl. 5; pl. 5, me. 4. Onondaga limestone Schoharie co. N. Y. J. Gebhard jr purchase, 1872 6233 6238 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 133 Favosites hemisphericus Troost var. rectus Hall aoe PYPE (hay OS1tes emis phericus war.rec- tus Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. . 1876. Corals explanation of pli2@;~ pl: 2C; me. 11, 2. - Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. eeDetCews colki1s66 3429° TYPE Hal. Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 1876. Coralspli, tis. 3,4. Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 Favosites hemisphericus var. turbinatus Billings 34297 HyPOTYPE Favosites turbinatus Billings. Canadian journal.) mess) 1850. 4): 100. Doamoci vest Memus pieric ws” Var tur = binatus Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. “evr 4 Corals, pi2€. fe. 5. Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R. P. Whitfield, coll. 1865 34297 HypoTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. BOO a COnAIS Ol. mis figs 24 2. Onondaga limestone Columbus, O. R. P. Whitfield, coll. 1865 34297 HypoTyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. moor COnals. pier iy ee 4. Onondaga limestone Columbus, O. R. P. Whitfield, coll. 1865 Favosites placenta Rominger ime DOME biawosizes, placenta Rominger. ossil wcorals)* 71876s: "pr 3a: Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corley plas) noes. no. rt. Hamilton beds York, Livingston co. N. Y. C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 3429S HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. HoViOmenCOrals, lt a5 ie. An Hamilton beds Wonk aN aay C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6239 34798 HyPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1870.. ‘Corals spline encom Hamilton beds York Nee 1876. ~ Corals; plac. te 6-9, 12: Hamilton beds Western New York Favosites tuberosus Rominger 6241 242— HyPOTYPE Favosites tuberosus | Rominger. Rossi coralsa 13710. pees ; Hall. . Hlustrations of Devonian . fossils.-~ xa 7o- Corals, joc yieeor Onondaga limestone Cayuga, Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll. 1866 6242 2429° HYPOTYPE Hall. ~ Illustrations of Devonian fossils. moOm (Ceri, ol, wa cme, Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. J. De Cew, coll raa6 Pavosites (tir b ima t aseiscem weaweatee hemisphericus var. turbinatus Favosites ? sp. 6243 242%! HYPOTYPE Favosites ?sp. Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils, 1876.) “Corals, ple aan Hamilton beds York; Livingston co. Na we C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6244 24222 HypOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. £676. ACorals eplsei 3) sie oc, Hamilton beds York Ne ae C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 Heliophyllum Hall Heliophyllum: 2exyorruai- “see belc- phyllum (Zaphrentis) exiguum Heliophyllum (Zaphrentis) exiguum Billings 6245 3442 nypotype Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. Canadian journal. s; 1860. 5>2um. Heliophyllum (Zaphrentis) exiguum THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 138 Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Coralsepl 32, fig, 13. Onondaga limestone Clarence hollow, Erie co. N. Y. Re Pe Withheld C. A: White. & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards & Haime 6246 2442 HyPOoTYPE Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards & Haime. British Fossil corals. 1850. introd. p. 69. alt= ilusrrations of Devonian fossils; 771376: Corals, ple 23, ie. 2. Hamilton beds West Williams, Ontario, Can. le Dei Cews collt1.575 6247 2443 HypoTYPE Hall. Iliustrations. of Devonian fossils, FOTO = OLAS, Ply 235 ties a Hamilton beds = Moscow, Livingston co. N. Y. C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 Madrepora limbata see Striatopora (Tham- noptychia) limbata MICHELINIA de Koninck Ma ¢ heli i a On Vv ex a. a See Michelinia (Pleurodictvum) convexa Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) convexa d’Orbigny fase! WyPOTYPE Michelinia convexa d’Orbigny. Prodrome de Palaeontologie. 1850. 1:107. Niehemtet tibia ecb ter Mods Ct yum) Coan vexa Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. Tojo, Coals ple ns. he. 2), Onondaga limestone HYPOTYPE Hall. [Illustrations of Devonian fossils. He7Gem Corals spl 15, No.3. a 6249 23% a Onondaga limestone Ontario, Can. VoDe ew, coll, 1866 6250 25681 HypoTyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 18706. Corals. ply ts. men 4s Onondaga limestone Cayuga, Ontario, Can. J2De Cew, coll. 1866 Lal On Or NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6251 #921 HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1870.. Corals; pl ac Agence: Onondaga limestone Western New York Pickett collection 6252 2281 HypoTYPeE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils! 1670) “Corals pliarsiays ieee. Onondaga limestone Schoharie co. N. Y. J. Gebhard jr purchase, 1872 6253 °261 HypoTyPe Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. oWOn (Coals, iol, weve, “te, LO, Onondaga limestone 6254 2261 HypoTyPeE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. BOO, (COs. jal, wails me, ni. : Onondaga limestone Falls of the Ohio R. P. Whitfield, colliirses Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) dividua Hall 6255 #252 TYPE Michelinia (Pleurodvety wmpeedne vidua Hall. Illustrations’ of “Devonian sicesr 1876. Corals; explanation of pl18;) pl 15) lessues Hamilton beds York, Livingston com Nae C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6256 2582 type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. (Congas, jolly shy aes Tes Oe Hamilton beds York, Nee C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) maxima Troost (sp.) 6257 2583 HyPpoTYPE Calamopora maxima Troost. Geo- logical: report) oly Mennessces yre40 4g emai ee Michelinia) (Pheu odwictiyngsn) Saas. ima Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals, solr Ganon Onondaga limestone Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) stylopora Eaton (sp.) 6258 25684 type Astrea stylopora Eaton. Geological text book.” £832). "ps 40, Michelinia’ (Plenrodicty ume cota THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 137 lopora Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. STO. Corals sol wish, mle a Hamilton beds Skaneateles lake, N. Y. Jeo Hall sc GarBs simpson, colle 1372 STRIATOPORA Hall Striatopora (Thamnoptychia) limbata Eaton (sp.) 6259 25'° HypoTYPE Madrepora limbata Eaton. Geo- logicalitext DOOk. 1832. p: 30. TES tia to piora wd) tam mopt y cli ay) ime bataHall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Coralsie ole 23. ea Hamilton beds Monk Wivanestom con Nia XG C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 1860 TRACHYPORA Milne-Edwards & Haime Trachypora elegantula Billings 6260 2815 HypoTypPE Trachypora elegantula Billings. Canadian: jourtial, ms. 1860. 5: 254. all ltistractons, or sOevonian . fossils.” 1876. Corals plese: tis 35 Hamilton beds Western New York $ ZAPHRENTIS Rafinesque Zaphrentis halli Milne-Edwards & Haime 6261 2384 HypoTyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. DS 7Ove COnAIS: eplas2o. ie. 2) Hamilton beds Skaneateles lake, N. Y. W.M. Gebhard, coll. 1857 6262 3884 HypoTyPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. Rojo Corals. ple 2, igs 3: Hamilton beds Skaneateles lake, N. Y. WM. Gebhard, coll. 1857 6263 25384 nypotype Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils, HOO AQIS Olin WO, satel. Hamilton beds Skaneateles lake, N. Y. Jaw EalléaG. 3 simpson, coll’ 1872 HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils, ives Orals, Pie 20. te. oO |vo a 6264 3538 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hamilton beds Skaneateles Jake, N Y. J. W. Hall & G. B. Simpson; coll] as92 6265 2884 HYPOTYPE Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. MeO (Coals ol, BO, sO. 7 Hamilton beds Skaneateles lake, N. Y. W. M. Gebhard, coll. 1857 Zaphrentis simplex Hall 6266 288% type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Corals ple grates: Hamilton beds Moscow, Livingston co. N. Y. C. Van Deloo, coll. 1865 6267 2882 Type Hall. Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876- JO, Baws ile, tea, Hamilton beds Moscow, N. Y- C. A. White & C. Van Deloo, coll. 186r VERMES TENTACULITES Schlotheim Tentaculites eldredgianus Hartt & Rathbun 6268 5289 HYPOPLASTOTYPE Tentaculites eldreds ianus Hartt & Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceum of natural history. p75.) uns meio Clarke. “Arch: do: Mus> Nac (do. Riotdejanemas 1899. Vv. to: Atthor’s Ene. ed=1gqeo:,—pl 4 ie seue Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazal QO. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donor: Tentaculites stubeli Clarke 6269 £22° PLASTOTYPE, \Tentacuwlites stam peli) Clans Arch. do Mus, Nac: do Rio de janeiro, “1800. eve ac- Authors, Big, cdktQ0C. mona lata uc er Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6270 5290 PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899) Vne;, “Author's Ene sed. tecqe: Dl Aly ano ere oiOn Devonic (Maecurt: group) THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19006 139 Rio Maecurt,, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6271 229° TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. ROO Ve ko. - ubnoOrs Ene ed=1a00, - pl. 4 fie. 27. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt,, Parad, Brazil ODA Derby é Joe Clarke, donors 6272 229° TypE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. OOO! ev, 1O.- Author’s Eng. SC UC OO, lie 7, NS Er. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil OA; Derby ce J. M. Clarke, donors Tentaculites trombetensis Clarke 6273 2221 PLASTOTYPE Tentaculites trombetensis Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro. 1899. iakOmAuLIOn S lime, edi TQeo,. Pp. 16, pl. 2, fie. 26% Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors O274 22>" TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro. HoOOe Ve tO. Atthors Ene.ed i900. pl. 2, fis. 27. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil OVA] Derby ve J: M. Clarke, donors On slab with typeof Lingulops derbyi Clarke, pl. 1, fig. 4. BRACHIOPODA ANABAIA Clarke Anabaia. paraia Clarke 6275 +91 tTypeE Anabaia paraia Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac: do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. 10. Author’s momen TOGO. P12, pl, 2, fig. 24. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil | Oz A. Derby & J: M. Clarke, donors 6276 *%*1 type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. Meg vero. Authors Lng. ed 1900... pli 2, fig.-s. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors I40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6277 1911 PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1809. v.10, Author's Eng, ed: 1900.5 qaleee fig. 6 | Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6278 19%1 PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de janeiro; 1809. v.10. Author sine.-ed.) “rooco melee Meae7F Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parawiarazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6279 12/1 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. ro. Authors Hnessec TQOO. | (Pla 2eamon se Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil QO. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke denmers 6280 +911 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v-io. Authors Ene ed agee Oe 2, mle, -@: Siluric, Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors CHONETES Fischer Chonetes cj. nova-scotica Hall 6281 #251 HypoTYPE Chonetes nova-scotica Hall. Canadian naturalist and geologist. 1860.- 5: 144. Chonetes cl. nova-scotica Clarke, > ainem do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 13007" vegener Authors Hue eds o0e; plaem mleeres. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para Brag 0. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors LINGULA Bruguiere Lingula cuneata see Lingula cf. oblata Lingula cf. oblata Hall 6282 7893 wHypoTYPE Lingula oblata Hall. Geology of New York; reporton the 4th District. 1843. p. 77. Lingula ctneata Derby. “Areh) de Wins Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1879. 2:92. THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 141 Pinata secu mea LasWeroy. 7 mroccedings ol tine American philosophical society. 1879. 18: 168. ines tw lea ci Ob la tarvClarke, /Arch:. «do: Mus. ING, CO INIO CO einer, USOC, We wos etelilorores S70, El, UOC, “ja 7 Olle ay saree 93. Siluric Rio; irombetas, Para, Brazil OA. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors LINGULOPS Hall Lingulops derbyi Clarke 6283 +422 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Lingulops derbyi_ Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. £o. Pe MOms! Ene. sede, sl OOO") Py 5, pl. a, me. 4: Siluric Rio iromibetas, (Paray Brazil Om. Derinyde | Ms Clarke, donors Onisiab wathatype of Momtaculites trombetensrs Clarkes pla) fic. 27. ORBICULOIDEA d’Orbigny Orbiculoidea hartti Clarke Geen! TYPE Orbiculoidea hartti Clarke. Arch. Go witisn Nace dos Rio’ de janeiro. — 1899, < Vv: TO. Eutwior sc Hne edu. 1900. Dp. 7, pl. rT, fic. 5, 6: Siluric Rio; Dromibetas Para,” Brazil @. A. Derby & J, M. Clarke, donors ORTHIS Dalman Orthis callactis Dalman var. amazonica Clarke Gee, >" TYPE O-rthis callactis var. amazonica Clatkew sch. dor Wits; Nac. do: Rio de), Janeiro: HOOP; LOReeGnOr sl 1e~ ed. (TOC. Pp. -O, plat; MSR aL Gye Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil OWA Werby cI. My Clarke, donors 6286 1°24 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de ; eneito. 9890. V.1 10, Authors: Eng ied, - 1900. Pleehee 48.19. | Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil OVA Derby & JME Clarke, donors 142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6287 1924 PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro... 1899. v. 10. Authors Eng. “ed ioe et aueAS 2X). Siluric Rio Trombetas, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6288 +224 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899.~ v. r0. Author's Eng. ed? eupeo oleate ate oates | Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Orthis freitana Clarke 6289 1922 TYPE Orthis freitana Clarke. Arch. do Mus: Nac. do Rio’ de Janeiro.” 18090) Vv. fone eaten Eng. ed. 190019 1p. ros pl: siamo apy Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6290 1928 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 18099. v.10. Authors Eng eda aeaees (Og te, Mol ee AN. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Orthis smithi Clarke 6291 2225 TYPE Orthis smithi Clarke, Arch. do Ming Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 18090. _v." 160) Atieiees Ene medi sy -aQo08 ps pit 7 ol aeieedioane Siluric Rio Trombetas, Pard, Brawl O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6292 1925 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. \v.. 10. < Author's: Bngessea LQCO. pli pier ens, cae Siluric Rio Trombetas; Para. Brasil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6293 *%°8 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. 10. . Author's Eng. ed. T1960; “pl. Ewieense Siluric Rio Trombetas, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 143 @geaee-°’ TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Riomde. janeiro, 1890. ro, Authors Ene, ed. nQCO. pl. 1, fie, 16; Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PHOLIDOPS Hall Pholidops trombetana Clarke oag5 2-4 TYPE Pholidops trombetana Clarke Arch. dom Mus, Nac do Rio de Janeiro. 1899: Vv. *10 Poors. Bie, ed 1goo. (p: S.°pl. 1, fig. rx. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6296 28° PLASTOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de janeiro. 1890. “vy: ro; Author's Eng. ed. rg0o. lel, tie 7—o. posiuric — Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors LAMELLIBRANCHIATA ACTINOPTERIA Hall Actinopteria eschwegii Clarke S297" TYPE Actinopteria eschwegii. Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. menor s mae. ed) | 1900. 9p: 45, pls, fig: 1. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6298 2921 TyPpE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HaGge V4 tOnweidunors Ene. ed... 1900, pl. 5, fig. 2. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6299 2%1 TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HSOQOs ov. 1O.. Attthors Engi ed. ‘Tooos pli 5, fig. 4. Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors a 6305 6306 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 9021 TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. ‘Authors Eng,ed. 1000. “pls; iieme Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A; Derby &. J M. Ciarke,-donrors 2921 TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.to.. Authors Eng. ed. 1900, pleas Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; denen Actinopteria humboldti Clarke $022 TYPE Actinopteria humboldt 1 (Glance Arch. do Mus: Nacvdo Rio de Janeiro, Vrcqonemae Authors Eng ed, .“1900.) 4p. 47, pls syieenee Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecuru, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke dener $022 TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Authors Eng. ed. zro0e. pliigpionas Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Pard, Brazil Ov A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, dente $022 TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac.:do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. 10, Author's Eng. ed! 1900.) \pli5. ie eee Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 9022 TypE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de’ Janeiro. 1899. Vv: ao. “Author's Png, edi 2000 sepia HU, DS Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurti, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors ANODONTOPSIS McCoy Anodontopsis austrina Clarke 043 TYPE AnodontoOpsis » austtima. — Glance: Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. Io. Author's: Eng. ed." 1900.- pr16; pl. 2), tes 02, THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 145 Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Anodontopsis putilla Clarke aoe TYPE Anodontopsis putilla Clarke. Arch. dom Vitises Nacs do, Rio de. Janeiro. + 18gq.. Vv. 10: PAUEMOL Sabie. ed. 1Q00: Pp, 16, pl. 2, fe. ho, Tr. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil OAS Derby & J. M: Clarke; donors CIMITARIA Hall Cimitaria sp. Clarke 6308 *1°4 HyPOoTYPE Cimitaria sp. Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Neer do Rio de” janeiro. -18904\>Vv. ro. “Author’s nemeeds a1 LOCO.) 02, pli g hon rs: Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt,, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Cimitaria karsteni Clarke Oa0g 2” TYPE Cimitaria karsteni Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author’s eed I GCO.. p..00, pl. 8, fig: 18. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6310 2495 type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HOGG. Vv. FO. “Attthor's Eng. ed. roco." pl. 8, fig. x9. Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors CLIDOPHORUS Hall Clidophorus brasilianus Clarke Seer! tyvPE Clidophorus brasilianus _ Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. to. mothers Ene ed. roco. p. 18, pl. 2, fig:.17, 18. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors x46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6312 2444 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro: 1899. v.10. Authors Eng. ed. 1900, -plea-igegaa Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors CYPRICARDELLA Hall Cypricardella hartti Clarke 6313 2425 Type Cypricardella hartti Clarkespugeg do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. i800.) wean Author's Ene. ed.) 1900. | p63. ply ee: Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt,, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6314 #425 TypE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.it0, Authors Bng:ed, 19007. plagnemameee Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A: Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6315 2422 TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899.. V. 10. . Author’s Png ved.” 1t000.) {pil jae Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; donor Cypricardella pohli Clarke 6316 2425 Type Cypricardella pohli Clarke.) Arenmae Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10, Author’s Big weds 000.) =P. 04. plaOs nto asuo: Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt,, Para. Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors EDMONDIA de Koninck Edmondia pondiana see Palaeoneilo pondiana Edmondia sylvana Hartt & Rathbun 6317 #125 HypoTyPE Edmondia sylvana Hartt & Rath- bun. Annals of the New York lyceum of natural history) “Giog54. "ieee: THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 147 Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. FOOOm Vero. Luthor s Hmesed: T900,./ ploy me 1 2, Devonic (Ereré group) rere, Para, Brazil Ov A. Derbyrc |. We Clarke,-donors GONIOPHORA Phillips Goniophora woodwardi Clarke 6318 #281 TYPE Goniophora woodwardi Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do’Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. Io. PUONOT SHH Me eeGy E100) ps 53, pl. 6, fen 2 Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para; Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors GRAMMYSIA de Verneuil Grammysia burmeisteri Clarke Georg > TYPE Grammysia burmeisteri Clarke. mrcne do. Mus. Naesdo Rio'dée Janeiro. 1899. Vv. To. pupniors Ene, ed, 1900, “p65, pl. 7, fig. 9. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil One Derby & FM. Clarke, donors Grammysia gardneri Clarke meee TYPE Grammysia gardneri Clarke. - Arch. dom use Nac. do Kio de» jameiroy 1899. Vv. Io. Author’s Eng.ed. 1900. p. 67, pl. 7, fig. ro. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Grammysia lundi Clarke. oe YPE (Graimysia fundi Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1889. v.10. Author’s mem eds moqoe, =p 06, pli 6, fe: 11, 12% Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecuru, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Maen TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. iscone vero, Authors Bne.ed. To900,. ‘pl.,6, fig. 13. Devonic (Maecurt group) 148 6323 6325 6327 92952 1 so 4 9 ‘0 ) 9383 1 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rio Maecurt,.P ara, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Grammysia pissisi Clarke TYPE = Gr aim mis 1 aa pesmsmesnienC leitices Maus: NacdolRiedeviancitos soo. wvesco: Day XC OID; D, OF, Ol, 5 ie. 7. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Arch. do Author’s Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors TYPE Clarke: -Archidos iis Nac doko TUSKOC My Or LatblinlnOres) Snare, Gol, aWoyere)- Devonic (Maecurt group) de Janeine: pl..7; fesse Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Grammysia ulrichi Clarke DUS (Comer sons Se) billig Claw Case. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro.” 1800. Vv. Tou en Oris Ides CCl LOGS, 04 O74 Ol, Wy A Te Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Guerangeria Oehlert or Nyassa Hall Guerangeria (or Nyassa) ortoni Clarke IYPE? (G. (ile raaemicce eat ain Ore Niyeausisray) O rt Onn Clarke. Arch. do Mus: Nac) do: Rio yde Wjaneines 1899. v.10. Author's Eng, edt, 1ocon =p) 02) selma fig. 6. Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Braz Q.-A. Derby & J. M. Clarke’ donors LIOPTERIA Hall Liopteria browni Clarke TYPE” dlat-O7p tre G ay ol Obs tie Olatice: Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. vV. Io. Eng: edi=- 1900470 54S) OLS amilcomtsy Devonic (Maecurti group) Arch. do Author’s Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 149 MODIOMORPHA Hall Modiomorpha helmreicheni Clarke 6328 9232 TyPE Modiomorpha helmreicheni Clarke. Zncnado Maus: Nac. do Rio de Janeiro, 2800: Vs 10. PeuuMIOms mime ed. = FQOO. Py 50 pl 0. fe. 7. Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6329 *522 TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HOO NET HOW eAtUAOn sik me., eda rooo, pl. 6, lage 2 Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6330 2232 TYPE Clarke. Arch.do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. TIO, Wok. Iwhnoe side, eel aelere olle on atemeny - Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Modiomorpha pimentana Hartt & Rathbun 6331 2222 HYPOTYPE Modiomorpha pimentana Hartt & Rathbun. Annals of New York lyceum of natural IMSUOLV.g 1Lo7 5. 105222 Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. LOdORe v. Lo.” Authors Ene ed. “1900, pl. 6, fig: 4. Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Modiomorpha sellowi Clarke 6332 2534 TyPE Modiomorpha sellowi Clarke. Arch. dogs Nacs dowykiowde Janeiro... 1800. “Vv. “10. muicnon sae. ed. ra@09e. Pp. 52, pl. 6, fig. 14 Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Pard, Brazil _ O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6333 *%24 TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HOO WTO. AUGnOT Ss kine. ed. 1900, . ploy ig. 16. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurti, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors I50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6334 2°24 TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Authors Eng ed. “1900. “plnbjieamees Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors NUCULA Lamarck Nucula bellistriata Conrad var. parvula Clarke 6335 22% tTyvpE Nucula bellistriata var party ue Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de) jamerae: 1899. vV.to. Authors Eng ed. 1900.” pryemieerce fig. 10. Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors _ NUCULITES Conrad Nuculites branneri Clarke 6336 2288 TYPE Nuculites branneri Clarke” Atcomae Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1890. v. to. Attthore Engi edey Qoom ™ Psi7 seqplaaS mlsaro. Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6337 2388 TypE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899.* v.10. Author's Eneved. ,1900.0 pls) aicaeee Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré; Para Bia O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6338 2588 TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. to. Authors Eng? ed: ioc0, pl eimcemss Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, dorors Nuculites ererensis Hartt & Rathbun _ 6339 2584 uypoTyPpe Nuculites ererensis Harti Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceum of natural history. 2875. Parag: Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac: do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. to. - Author's Eneg-ed. T900 plas Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 iva 6340 #234 HypoTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de aticiOn = 1500.--Vv. ro, “Authors Ene. ed. roce. (OO LICE A= Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil OF As Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Nuculites smithi Clarke fee = TYPE Nuculites smithi Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.ro. Author’s Buewed 6000. p71, pl: 8, Te. 5: Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil OF A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PALAEONEILO Hall Palaeoneilo orbignyi Clarke fee =28? yypE Palaeoneilo orbignyi Clarke. Arch. dow whus. — Nac. do, (Rio de Janeiro: — 1809: «Vv. To: muthors Ene. ed. roeoo. p. 74, pl. 8; fig. 14. Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil : ©. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6343 2849? type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HoOO Ve 10, Authors tng.ed.~ 1900, pl. 8, fig. 15: Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt,, Parad, Brazil @O: A. Derby & J..M. Clarke, donors Gga4 2549% typE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. POO Neve lOc Ubnon Ss Limo: ed. 1900. pl..8, fie. 16, Devonic (Maecurtt group) | Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O, A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6345 25492 type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. ESQ) Ve LO. — AuLnor Smoved. () rg00. spk 8, fig. 17. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Palaeoneilo pondiana Hartt & Rathbun (sp.) 6346 222" HypoTyPE Eedmondialy, pomdiana “Marine Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceum of nat- Ural IStORy.~ hoy hoon one Palaeoneitlo pondtana” Clarke yanmar do Mus. Nac’ do Rio de “Janeiro. > 1899.0 aun Author's, Ene. ede 0900.1 Pe 70s (olen re enorme Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Parad, Sracm O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donor Palaeoneilo sulcata Hartt & Rathbun 6347 28492 HypoTYPE, Palaeoneilo sulcata’ | iMencmee Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceum of natural history. 1875. tayo Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro: 1899.- Vv. lo. Author's Eng ed: J1900. = ply an ticeaaem Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke donors SPHENOTUS Hall Sphenotus bodenbenderi Clarke 6348 22583 TYPE Sphenotus bodenbenderi Clarke Arch. do’ Mus. Nae: do Rio de Janéiro: 1800:" vaace Authors me, edi Siqoo. 2p. ayo 70l asap tle eae Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil QO. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; donors 6349 #388 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. 10,* Authors Eng.ed, “1900: “pl Shima Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6350 2588 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author's Enge-ed:= to00) | pleco vmeaemae Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 153 Sphenotus gorceixi Clarke foe TYPE Sphenotus goreeixi Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author’s Dineecd se hOOOs. Peso, piss mo 1A: Devonic (Ereré group) Brmeneweckc a atezall O:. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; donors 6352 2802 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. HOOOe aaron AuLhors Ene, ed. vo90e),. pls, fe \10- Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors TELLINOMYA Hall Tellinomya pulchella Clarke Begg «6TYPE Tellinomya pulchella Clarke. Arch. demnitisn, Nace wdowRiowdes janeiro), 1800.5. Vv. 10. MuEnOE Ss Hue cde Tgqoo.. 1p. 17,_pl. 2, fe. 03. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 6354 *%2% TyPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. Maco vn TOL AuinOnG Eme ed. “1oe0.. pl.2, le. mA Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil Ome Derby. de.) Mia Clarke donors 6255 ~~ TYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. ROOM kOm VAULNORS bm. edu “ooo pl. 2, tig ns: Siluric Rion romictassseara. brazil OF ae Derby sai. Mo Clarke; donors TOECHOMYA Clarke Toechomya freitasi Clarke Bessa" TYPE LToechomya freitasi Clarke. Arch. dom wits) Nacesdoy Rio) de Janeiro.) 18909. Vv. 10: MULMOR Sulne Cdou HOO, p: 59; Pl. 6, Me. .2n. Devonic (Maecurtt group) | Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & | M:; Clarke, donors 6357 2°22 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. EOoOw vito.) Authors Ene edi) ooo. pl. 8; fig. 22. Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Toechomya rathbuai Ciarke 6358 £951 Type Toechomya rathbuni Clarke) +) Anmem do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro, 1800)> sy eee Author's Eng. ed: - 1900. “p. 57, pl. oie: 23" Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; donors 6359 *921 Type Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author's Eng. ed: 1e0co:- pt. S.eeae Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Pard, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors GASTROPODA BELLEROPHON Montfort Bellerophon morganianus Hartt & Rathbun 6360 19920 HYPOTYPE Brel le ro pion (io fora a diane Hartt & Rathbun. Annals of the New Y ork lycéum. of nattiral istory.. 1375.) een aera Clarke. . Arch. do. Mus. Nac. do Rio de Wanginas 18909. Vv. 10. Author's Eng. ed: *aqoo; (plea pace Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke; donars Bellerophon steltzneri Clarke 6361 12221 pLasToTYPe Bellerophon steltzneri Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Vv. 10. Acthor s Ene. ede.94 900. 5p: 44h ple, MIcGenOr Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M: Clarke, donors BUCANIA Hall Bucania freitasi Clarke 6362 190322 type Bucania@ tireitasi Clarke. Areh as Mus. Nac. do Riode Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author’s Eng. ed.) -1gee.7 pease cee aoe Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 155 O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Bat ea nica tril olmirae see bucaniela trlo-— bita var. vira-mundo BUCANIELLA Meek Bucaniella reissi Clarke 6363 129227 TYPE Bucaniella reissi Clarke. Arch. doris Nac. doy Rio, de Janciton, 1800.0 9w Lo. MOR sebmie ed 1900). Pp: 374 pl. 3, ie 70. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Bucaniella trilobita Conrad var, vira-mundo Clarke Pee eee TYPE ~Bucania trilobita Derby. . Arch. dovids. Nac do Rio de Janeiro. 9 1870: 2: 92. brea wia ti bo birt a Derby. Proc: Amer, “Pil. Soc., 91870. 128: 168. Bercamue Wide tet loll ta vars o Vira = Mite O 8 Clarke. catch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio dem anlemo: -71ts00, Vv. to.) Authors.’ Ene.) ed. EQOOS Es Puro, -pl. a, fie. 20-22. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors DIAPHOROSTOMA Fischer Diaphorostoma ? agassizi Clarke 6365 121114 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Diaphorostoma ? agas- Stim Clarice: Aree douMus.. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. Wepons wAtuhoOrs, Ene. ed. . 1900. Date, Ale, Ay MS FO. a. Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurm, Para. Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Diaphorostoma darwini Clarke 6366 49118 Type Diaphorostoma darwini _ Clarke. | mae. do Mus: Nac. do Rio de Janeiro, (1890). Vv. re. puicwors Eng. ed. 1900, p.32. pl. 4) fig. 18. Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Curud, Para, Brazil OVAy Derbyan ai Clarke, donors 156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Diaphorostoma furmanianum Hartt & Rathbun (sp.) 6367 19119 HYPOPLASTOTYPE Hoolopea furmanianum Hartt & Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceumoi natiiral Mstomy oa S7ch eae se Dia p hor os Fomaa furima nda aaa Clarke... Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Jamema 1899. -V..10.. “Author's Eng. ed. 109007 supe JON Aly alee ike), Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, domore Holopea furmanianwm see Diapnor ostoma furmanianum PLATYCERAS Conrad Platyceras hartti Clarke 6368 12322 TYPE. Platyceras hartti ~ Clarke: ince do Muss Nac: ido" Rie de) Janeiro: 1500, ieveaaer Authors Eng. ed 1900. 1p. 30,; plane eres Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maccuru, Para, Bram O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Platyceras hussaki Clarke 6369 19330 Type Platyceras hussaikyw “Clarke, Anem do Mus, Nacisdo (Rio de wjanetro | sooummn: Lo. NM oaoKore S aralen Cel UGC; Oy BO Oe ly, MS, ©, Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, doners 6370 12339 HyPOTYPE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. 10; Author's Ene vedi yigocr Dl sAG missege Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 5, Platyceras steinmanni Clarke gee = TYPE. Platyceras steinmanni Clarke. rch aor Nuss Nac. dow mio, dem laneiro: 18Q9. Wo 1G, ANGUNOIe'S Dime SCl: © MOSS, TO, BO, Ole 7 HI, shoe Devonic (Maecurti group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Platyceras symmetricum Hall var. maecuruense Clarke 6372 12332 TYPE Pee ayClen arSie) GS yim tke Wt aC! My ae gavel te flac ctem ems co eClarke. Arch dosMus, Nae, donkiode janeiro) T6907) Vo: Authors Eine SOs LOGO, De Am, ls Zh nee Devonic (Maecurt: group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil Ov A. Derby & J. M: Clarke, donors Platyceras whitii Clarke Saja) TYPE, Platyceras whitii Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Author’s Braver Cle NOOO. FO, Ber Ole wivaiiteme sah Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazil OA. Derby & |. M. Clarke, donors Platyceras whitii Clarke var, curua Clarke 6374 12334 TYPE Plea une CCl nransuem Ww. hues nvat.) (ClUgt ua Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do. Rio de Janeiro. ROC Ear LOun Mth @rcr i moneed= | i rQ00!. — Da 20% Ole e4re ties: Devonic ae eroup) Rio Curua, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PLECTONOTUS Clarke Plectonotus derbyi Clarke Ga75 -2222 TYPE Plectonotus derbyi Clarke. Arch. dogs. Nacyidoy Riokdesjanciroyersoo. vy. Lo, PLUGNOns hme, .eda T9006 1p. 3o5 ply suite. 14-10, Devonic (Maecurt group) . Rito Maecura, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors 158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6376 19335 typE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. ro. Authors Ens: eds iegaes Ol ep nT ye, Tee Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maecurt, Para, Brazi Q. A. Derby & Jj, M. Clarke, dens Plectonotus ? salteri Clarke 6377 19338 TYPE Plectonotus ? Salterd @lacm ; Arena, ido Mus” Nace dos Miovde janeiro: 1899. v. to: Author's. Png ede] 1e00% p45 aa mee ING IOs 0A Devonic (Maecurtt group) Rio Maccurt, Paras rami O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PLEUROTOMARIA Defrance Pleurotomaria rochana Hartt & Rathbun 6378 10409 HyPOPLASTOTYPE Pleurotomaria rochana Hartt & Rathbun. Annals of the New York lyceum OF natural histony.. 9157 senate eset Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v.10. Authors Png, edy 1900.) pli merece Devonic (Ereré group) Ereré, Para, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PTOMATIS Clarke Ptomatis forbesi Clarke 6379 12431 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Ptomatis forbesi Clarke. Arch. do Mus: Nac: do ‘Rio de Janeiro.” > aS800.2 ames Author's Hngsed: 1960.) ph 42, ples a eieare see Devonic (Maecurt group) Rio Maecurt, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors PTEROPODA CONULARIA Miller Conularia amazonica Clarke 6380 11411 TYPE (original & counterpart): PLASTOTYPE Conularia amazonica Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 15G Riodesjaneito, 1609: 4 vane.) Authors Ene: ed. TOODS” OS Gon Ole Oy, wile a 2 .. Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil OU A. Derby & ji. Clarke, donors 6381 14$11 TypE Clarke. Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de \emeikO. a uS0Gq. = Vv. ror (Authors Eme. ed. | 10900. Olig BA tees 7 Silence Rio tromibetass Para brazil OA. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors CEPHALOPODA BALTOCERAS Holm Baltoceras (?) pusillum Ruedemann 6382 12935 TYPE Baltoceras (?) pusillum Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. LQOOm mM Pe Agt, Pls O, Me. 45.5) Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton-co. N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 BARRANDEOCERAS Hyatt Barrandeoceras natator Billings (sp.) 6383 12452 HYPOTYPE Nearuitanlu-s 0. fa hax: O'F Billings. Canadian naturalist. “1Siso. Py. 4, mo. 6, p.. 400: tinder mace Giceara Soe Muay at Orr Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. Ole Oreo Upper Chazy limestone Valcour island, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1904 CAMEROCERAS Conrad Cameroceras (Proterocameroceras) brainerdi Whitfield (sp.) 6384 12°34 HypoTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletim go. “1900, =) pl..1 fig. 55. 6. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co: N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6385 12°84 HyPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum ulletim go. -.1g06. pli 2, figs tr. 160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Cameroceras tenuiseptum Hall (sp.) 6386 12985 HYPOTYPE Ox; Ginoxcreaears tie Niu 1 Se -—:p taaeam Hall. Paleontology of New York ~ 18475" sa suece Cameroceras tenuiseptum Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. FOO. ple 3) shige. -2: Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6387 12955 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum [soullsiai Cor TEC, oll, C, wee a. Upper Chazy limestone | Valcour island, Clinton co. N. Y: R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 CYRTACTINOCERAS Hyatt Cyrtactinoceras boycii Whitfield (sp.) 6388 12095 HYPOTYPE Cyrtoceras boycir Whihee American museum of natural history bulletin 8. LOO! Paseo. Cyrtactinoceras boyeii, Ruedemanm New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 490, fig. 45. Upper Chazy limestone Valcour island, Clinton comix G. H. Hudson, donor 6389 12$25 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum DulletintooO.) wietOoO tn oleaaic sic. Upper Chazy limestone “Chazy, Clinton co Nee R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6390 129°5 HyPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1ToCOs= = pleas smilccssaaet Middle Chazy Chazy, Nae R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 Cyrtactinoceras champlainense Ruedemann 6391 12225 TyPE Cyrtactinoceras chainplarinengse Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 491; p. 491, fig. 48, 49; pl. 34, fig. 3. 6394 725%8 ao7 27a THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 161 Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- leninoom MeoO4 ). Zon ios so, pla 96, Me. 1.2: Upper Chazy limestone Chazy. Nev: R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 CYRTENDOCERAS Remélé Cyrtendoceras (?) priscum Ruedemann iNPEmE Coy taie mW) die ce tars (°) pris ¢ ums Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. OCC Om AGO. Olean me. 2b Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- Sigal Os wevelea. ella wakes Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N.Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state MuiscumpuUletimigo. 1900) “pl.2, fe. 4. Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letinvoo. 1906...7pls 27 fie.5: Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 CYRTOCERAS Goldfuss Cay 6 OC ease iO y Cull ‘sces. Cyrtactinoceras boyci Cryartoceras | met u ka» vsee... Cyrtoceras (Gomphoceras) metula Cyrtoceras (Gomphoceras) metula Hall TYPE) flail’ rsth Annual report, of the New York State cabinet of natural history. 1862: pl. 9, fig. 7. Hall.- Illustrations of Devonian fossils. 1876. Cephalopoda. pl), 46, tg: 5, 2. 162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hall: Paleontology of New York. ~ 1879.5) verge [Ue ke yan, Thy De Onondaga limestone Clarence Hollow, NY. (Cyrtoceras) confertissimum Whitfield 6398 12112 HYPOTYPE Cyrtoceras confertissimum Whitfield. American museum of natural history bulletinysie 1630.2 apls27. Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin QOs P1900) please news. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co. N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 DELTOCERAS Hyatt Deltoceras vaningeni Ruedemann 6399 12131 TYPE Dre lit Occ tay Ses voce alince crm Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. HOO); 0, ASS Oy Mi, Me, AG? Ol Ss. VO. Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, Clinton co. N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6400 +2431 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letin 90," 1000), Pa 4o1, meson alate Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, N.Y; G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6401 12431 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letin 90. 1906. p. 481, fig. 41; pl. 28. Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, Nove G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 ENDOCERAS Hall Endoceras (?) champlainense Ruedemann 6402 12132 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Bindoceras. (A(G) 2 “casas p ka anew sie Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 418; p. 410, fig. 5- Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19006 163 6403 12432 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museumepulletin qo, 1900" pl. 1, fic. 1, Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6404 12132 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin OOe — WOOO, DE se woleay Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. in Ruedemann’ collh nos 6405 12422 TYPE: PLASTOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state MMIscuMMDMletiMt@ge: a 1900.) pl. 1,.1e. 3. Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y, 6406 12132 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- IEG OO, WOO. oll, Te, Gale 7 - Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 Endoceras hudsoni Ruedemann 6407 12133 TypE Endoceras hudsoni Ruedemann. New More state museum, bulletinj90. T9060. |p. 421; p: /ej 2). WU (Oya Ol ke ype Upper Chazy limestone Valeourisland: Chintonico. N.Y. G. H. Hudson, donor Endoceras magister Ruedemann 6408 12134 TyPE Endoceras magister Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 423; p. 423, fig. 7; pl. 8. Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, Clinton co: Ne Ys G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 EURYSTOMITES Schréder Eurystomites accelerans Ruedemann 6409 12159 TypE Eurystomites accelerans Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. PeAOor py OO NG. es ple Te, Me. 2 oe Beekmantown (Fort-Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co. N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Eurystomites amplectens Ruedemann 6410 12151 TypE Eurystomites amplectens Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. Pp. 465; pL 460) fie. 24 sphigns auler a7. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co) hive G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Eurystomites kelloggi Whitfield (sp.) 6411 12152 HypoTtyPpE Nautilus kee low es Whitfield. American museum of natural history bulletin 8. eto OO EO, BA Cr Eurystomites kelloge1) Ruedemann New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 456, ee, Qi. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co Nae G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6412 12452 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum [ENSIGN Gye, “AKOKOLO, ODS IGS, Ie 22: Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6413 12452 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum Dulletimiqo: | OOO. We nz: Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6414 +2452 HypoTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletimvoe, = recon solyence seam: Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 GEISONOCERAS Hyatt Geisonoceras shumardi Billings (sp.) 6415 12155 HypoTYPE Orthoceras shumardi Billings. Canadian naturalist and geologist. 1859. 4: 460. Geisonocéras shumardi Ruedemann New York state museum bulletin go. i906. pl. 12, fig 4. Middle Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 165 GONIOCERAS Hall Gonioceras chaziense Ruedemann 6416 12219 TypE Goniceras chaziense Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 494, (Die On sateam ee Middle Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6417 12319 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- leritnoo. 1060), = pl: 36, fie 4. Middle Chazy limestone ChazyNa Y: R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 Miiiwiwene ss. Ga hod esee Sehroederoceras eatoni Pituethe sca Om var, Cass ine n Sis. see Schroederoceras cassinense Lituites seelyi see Tarphyceras seelyi LOXOCERAS McCoy Loxoceras moniliforme Hall (sp.) 6418 12279 HyPOoTYPE Orthoceras moniliforme Hall. Paleontology ot New York *:1847. 12 3.5: Poeaoe ena sc sim Onrmi1forme Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. pl. 34, Ts Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N.Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6419 12329 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin qo.) 1900, + pliez4, fie. 8. Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Noa: R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6420 12279 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin'ges — moo.) ple 34, 1g. 0: Middle Chazy limestone Saranac river, Plattsburg, N. Y. G. van Ingen, coll. 1901 NANNO Clarke Nanno noveboracum Ruedemann 6421 123217 tTypE Nanno noveboracum Ruedemann, New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. Pp. 427, lot He. O,. 7 166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 Nautilus jason see Plectoceras jason Nautilus kelloggei ‘see Eurystommies kelloggi Nautilus nmatatosr see) Bartandeoceme nafator ONCOCERAS Hall Oncoceras pristinum Ruedemann 6422 42235 TYPE Oncoceras pristinum Ruedemanm New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 503, Oils BAL, ime, it Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6423 12325 TyPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- i letintoo. | T9Oor saplaay iieee2: Upper Chazy limestone Chazy Ne OOCERAS Hyatt Ooceras (?) lativentrum Ruedemann 6424 12328 TYPE Ooceras (?) lativentrum. Ruede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. P. 497; P. 498, fig. 52. _ Lower Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. Naame G. van Ingen, coll. 1902 ORTHOCERAS Breynius Orthoceras sp. 6425 12425 HyPOTYPE Orthoceras sp. Clarke. Arch. do Mus. do, Rio’ de Janeiro; 18096. “vo 10s Authors Pug ed-- 1900) {pli 2) tie 2c an: Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazil OQ. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors Orthocera’s clintond see sopysecers clintoni Orthoceras cornu-oryx see Orygoceras cornu-oryx THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 167 Orion a si uit. see MP rotocy— cloceras ? cf. furtivum Orthoceras lamarcki see Protocycloceras lamarcki Orthoceras lentum Ruedemann 6426 1242% TyPE Orthoceras lentum Ruedemann. New Mork stave umuseum bulletin oo. \ 1900)" |p) 4335 OL. Aga tales, mee olla Tels s0Nee sd aie pee ye Wipper Chazyalamestones. Chazy. ‘Clinton co; Nav. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 Orumoceras: juuond lit ormie —see Loxe- ceras moniliforme Orthoceras modestum Ruedemann 6427 1252° TYPE Orthoceras modestum Ruedemann. New Yorkstate museum bulletingo. 1906. p. 436; p. 436, fig. 14. Upper Chazy iimestone: Chazy, Clinton co, N.Y. R. Ruedemann, coil. 1903 GAgou > TYPE Ruedemann. New York state musuem bul- lei om HOOGs ) Plas 2, fie. 1. Upper Chazy limestone Chazy. iN We R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6429 12429 tTypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- feting@os, enOqOO. Ply na), few. Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Nee G. H. Hudson, donor 6430 12439 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- Leto Om eT OOOnM Sl ho tle. 3: Upper Chazy limestone Valeour island, @lmton co. N= Y. Gey ariidson, donor Orthoceras progressum Ruedemann 6431 12431 TYPE Orthoceras progressum Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 434; eet sae ee Tea cole Tole mrGeNOR 168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Upper Chazy limestone Valeour island {€linton co.) Naeem G. H. Hudson, donor Orthoceras schumandi see (Gecoara, ceras shumardi Orthoceras tenuis ep t usm, see Cam roceras tenuiseptum Orthoceras swbarcuwa tu m )sec) spree ceras clinton1 ; Orthoceras (?) vagum Ruedemann 6432 +2432 TYPE Orthoceras (2) vagum . Ruedemann- New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. TMV Ole Oly lee Op 40s 22. TKS, 15). Upper Chazy limestone Valcour island, N. Y. G. H. Hudson, donor ORYGOCERAS Ruedemann Orygoceras cornu-oryx Whitfield (sp.) 6433 +2425 HYPOTYPE Orthoceras cornu-oryx Whit- field. American museum of natural history bul- Iie, LISO,) 70s’ 22©. Orygoceras cornu-oryx, Ruedemaus New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. pil. 14, fig. 6. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) _ Valcour,; Clinton-cos NeaYe G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 PILOCERAS Salter Piloceras explanator Whitfield (sp.) _ 6434 12459 HyPpoTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletmioqo. (2900) pl. no. mum Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton conNiae G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 169 PLECTOCERAS Hyatt Plectoceras jason Billings (sp.) 6435 12422 HyPOTYPE Nautilus jason _ Billings. Cana- dian naturalist and geologist. 1859. 4: 464. Preroceras avaisonm Inedemann. . New Work stare museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 485, fig. 44. Lower Chazy limestone Malcotunm Clinton co.N- Y: G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6436 +2555 HyPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum Inulletimego. S1go0, ~p. 484, He. 43; pl. 24, fig a: Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6437 +2455 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum Dulletin@o.. 1900... pl. 40. Lower Chazy limestone Walcounr Ne Y G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6438 127°2 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum Illetinn ge: aGo0" p.4o40 fe 4a) pl: 20,37. Lower Chazy limestone Nalcourc. Ne7 ve G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 PROTOCYCLOCERAS Hyatt Protocycloceras ? cj. furtivum Billings (sp.) 6439 12455 HyYPOTYPE: HYPOPLASTOTYPE Orthoceras furti- vum Billings. Geology of Canada; Paleozoic FOSSHISI MOOS. 2.1 31377. PO molcrr ceo Genaces fac. furtive m Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. LOCOR pl KO. 110.2. Beekmantown beds 2 Beekmantown, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann coll. 1903 Protocycloceras lamarcki Billings (sp.) 6440 1245" HyPOTYPE Orthoceras lamarcki_ Billings. Canadian naturalist and geologist. 1859. 4:362. PE GOnmorcone lowe tase, ha marcki JRuede- mann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. 1D, A4e, WHELs. 170 6441 12467 HYPOTYPE: HYPOPLASTOTYPE 6442 12464 6443 A24b4 6445 12£64 6446 12467 6447 12219 HYPOTYPE HYPOTYPE HYPOTYPE HYPOTYPE HYPOTYPE: HYPOPLASTOTYPE HYPOTYPE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Beekmantown limestone (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton co. N. Ye G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 New York DlserSooeae Ruedemann. state museum bulletin go. Beekmantown beds 1906. Beekmantown, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 York state museum Pp. 443, fig. 16., plo 1s sneer Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Ruedemann. Ruedemann. New bulletin go. 1906. York state museum bulletinsoqo. srqo0s | pleat saawenm Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. New G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin oss enGoon sapiens henome Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 New York pl.-15 te or Ruedemann. state museum bulletin go. Beekmantown beds 1906. Beekmantown, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 New Ruedemann. York state museum pulletimpao, 11 G0O% sola, hOmsm Camo Beekmantown beds Beekmantown, N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 SCHROEDEROCERAS Hyatt Schroederoceras cassinense Whitfield (sp.) Lit witess €@ tomis van ieass tm esse sis Whitfield. American museum history bulletit § ovr eSonmo.e3 32: Schroederoceras cassinense Ruede- mann. of natural New York state museum bulletin go. P. 477, fig. 36. 1906. THIRD REPORT, OF THE DIRECTOR 1g06 Tyee Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcoun, Clinton, co: NAY. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6448 12312 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum DullebiMngQome 1906. © pli cies diem n. 2. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Schroederoceras eatoni Whitfield (sp.) 6449 12311 HypoTYPE Lituites eatoni Whitfield. Amer- ican museum of natural history bulletin 8. 1886. Pp. 331. Schroederoceras eatoni Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. pl. 20, ie. 3) Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6450 +2311 HypoTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. pil. 20, fig. 4. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 SPYROCERAS Hyatt Spyroceras clintoni Miller (sp.) 6451 12215 HypoTYPE Orthoceras subarcuatum Hall. Paleontology of New York. 1847. 1: 34. Onrumoce ras, ¢limtomi Miller, American Paleozoic’ Fossils.“ 1877— (p. 244. Spyroceras clintoni Ruedemann. New Wonk state museunn bulletin’ 90,5 1900: p. 447, fe rS: Lower Chazy limestone Valcour, Clintonco. N.Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6452 12315 HYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum louiletiny@on argo. ple 1o.) mea: Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6453 +2315 HypoTyp=: Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go, ~ rq906, “ply 16; fe. 5. 172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Middle Chazy limestone Valcour island, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6454 12315 HypoTYPE. Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90.” 1906.) pliro. ties0. Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, hae R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 6455 12215 HyPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin) 90..." n9eo!.- pl inonmee7: Upper Chazy limestone Little Monty bay, Lake Champlain, N. Y. TARPHYCERAS Hyatt Tarphyceras seelyi Whitfield (sp.) 6456 12811 HypoTyPE Lituites seelyi Whitfield. Ameri- can museum of natural history bulletin 8. 1886. P. 339. Tarphyceras seelyi Ruedemann tem, York state museum bulletin 90. 1906. p. 466, fig. oc Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, Clinton com Nee G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6457 12347 HypoTyPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletinoo: 7 1906. p. 407, new2G. Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6458 12314 HyPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletim oe! “1000, {pl to, nee epl--oa tices Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6459 12341 HypoTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin 90.) 1¢e0) apple 2o, fie: 2: Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 6460 12417 HyYPOTYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go: “1966.7 pl 20, fig. 5: Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 7g 6461 12317 HypOTYPE New York state museum bulletin go. 6462 6463 6464 6465 6466 6467 TOOONs plesam, Beekmantown (Fort Cassin beds) Valcour, N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 Tarphyceras clarkei Ruedemann PED a arepuityiciene ss yebar kei Ruedemann. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 470; (Ds Cupar Ole a Beekmantown {Fort Cassin beds) Talcour, Clinton co. N. Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 VAGINOCERAS Hyatt Vaginoceras oppletum Ruedemann PER Vedson mOree ta sO pso le tu im Ruedemarnn. New York state museum bulletin go. 1906. p. 413, lean. 3: Upper Chazy limestone Chazy, Clinton co. N. Y. R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- lean eh@o0< ples fe. | Lower Chazy limestone Valcourt Clinton co... N.Y. G. van Ingen & R. Ruedemann, coll. 1899 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letimigo. > 1.000: -plins iis. 2-4. Upper Chazy limestone Ciagye Nee R. Ruedemann, coll. 1903 TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- IoGiit@oOns LOOOs Pl. -O, He. TF. Upper Chazy limestone Valcour island “Clanton co: N.Y: G. H. Hudson, donor TYPE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letin 90. 10906. pil. 9, fig. 1. Upper Chazy limestone Velcotmisiands Nye G. H. Hudson, donor 174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 6468 12691 TypE Ruedemann. New York state museum bul- letin' 96:8 31906; ss plkna, ai@esonaer Upper Chazy limestone Valcour island, NG G. H. Hudson, donor CRUSTACEA BOLLIA Jones & Holl Bollia lata Vanuxem (Conrad) var. brasiliensis Clarke 6469 12192 TypE Bollialata var. brasiliensis Clarke? Arch. do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. 1899. v. Io. Author's Bng. ed. “1900, p. 22): pli 2, tes gonna Siluric Rio Trombetas, Para, Brazal ©. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke denore Cypridina minuta. see Primitia minuta LEPIDOCOLEUS Faber Lepidocoleus polypetalus Clarke 6470 12881 TyPE Lepidocoleus polypetalus Clarke. American Geologist. 1396. 17: £42, pl 7, shia ener Helderbergian Albany col Nee JM. Clarke, donor: PEPHRICARIS Clarke Pephricaris horripilata Clarke 6471 13389 Type Clarke. 15th annual report of the New York SLANKS UOOOMISG, MeGs, Io yao. j0by, 2. Chemung beds Alfred, Negi J. M. Clarke, donor PRIMITIA Jones Primitia minuta Eichwald 6472 13942 HyPOTYPE Cypridina minuta _ Ejichwald. Ie AGTS, {ONG 18h | Sa LO\)- Primitia minuta Clarke) Arch do Mics Nac. do Rio de Janeiro. = 1890" Vero, Autn@me Bng. ied.) ro0c. - pla. oaaticmiaae Siluric Rio Trombetas, Parad, Brazil O. A. Derby & J. M. Clarke, donors THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 175 (LASSIFICATION OF TYPE SPECIMENS BY GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS | References are to the serial marginal numbers at the left of each page. LOWER SILURIC BEEKMANTOWN LIMESTONE Cephalopoda Baltoceras (?) pusillum, 6382 Cameroceras (Proterocameroceras) brainerdi, 6384, 6385 Cyrtendoceras (?) priscum, 6393- 6396 (Cyrtoceras) confertissimum, 6398 Endoceras (?) champlainense, 6402- 6406 Eurystomites accelerans, 6409 Eurystomites amplectens, 6410 Eurystomites kelloggi, 6411-6414 Orygoceras cornu-oryx, 6433 Piloceras explanator, 6434 Protocycloceras (?) ¢f. 6439 Protocycloceras lamarcki, 6440-6446 Schroederoceras cassinense, 6447, 6448 Schroederoceras eatoni, 6449, 6450 Tarphyceras seelyi, 6456-6461 Tarphyceras clarkei, 6462 furtivum, LOWER CHAZY LIMESTONE Cephalopoda Deltoceras vaningeni, 6399-6401 Endoceras magister, 6408 Ooceras (?) lativentrum, 6424 Plectoceras jason, 6435-6438 Spyroceras clintoni, 6451 Vaginoceras oppietum, 6464 MIDDLE CHAZY LIMESTONE Cephalopoda Cyrtactinoceras boycii, 6389 Geisonoceras shumardi, 6415 Geisonoceras chaziense, 6416, 6417 Loxoceras moniliforme, 6420? Spyroceras clintoni, 6453 UPPER: CHAZY, LIMESTONE Cephalopoda Barrandeoceras natator, 6383 ‘Cameroceras tenuiseptum, 6386, 6387 Cyrtactinoceras boycii, 6388-63090 ‘Cyrtactinoceras champlainense, 6391. 6392 3 Endoceras hudsoni, 6407 Loxoceras moniliforme, 6418, 6419 Nanno noveboracum, 6421 Oncoceras pristinum, 6422, 6423 Orthoceras lentum, 6426 Orthoceras modestum, 6427-6430 Orthoceras progressum, 6431 Orthoceras (?) vagum, 6432 Spyroceras clintoni, 6452, 6454, 6455 Vaginoceras oppletum, 6463, 6465-: 6468 176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SILURIC Plantae Arthrophycus harlani, 6176 Spongiae Hexactinellid sponge, 6177, 6178 Vermes Tentaculites tromhetensis, 6273, 6274 Brachiopoda Anabaia paraia, 6275-6280 Chonetes cf. nova-scotica, 6281 Lingula cf. oblata, 6282 Lingulops derbyi, 6283 Orbiculoidea hartti, 6284 Orthis callactis var. amazonica, 6285-— 6288 Orthis freitana, 6289, 6290 Orthis smithi, 6291-6294 Pholidops trombetana, 6295, 6296 Lamellibranchiata Anodontopsis austrina, 6306 Anodontopsis putilla, 6307 Clidophorus brasilianus, 6311, 6312 Tellinomya pulchella, 6353-6355 Gastropoda Bucaniella trilobita var. vira-mundo 6364 Pteropoda Conularia amazonica, 6380, 6381 Cephalopoda Orthoceras sp. 6425 Crustacea Bollia lata var. brasiliensis, 6469 Primitia minuta, 6472 LOWER DEVONIC HELDERBERGIAN Crustacea Lepidocoleus polypetalus, 6470 MIDDLE DEVONIC ONONDAGA LIMESTONE Cnidaria Chaetetes humilis, 6188-6190 Chaetetes tenuis, 6191 Favosites emmonsi, 6209-6216 Favosites epidermatus, 6217-6219 Favosites epidermatus cosuSs,’ 6220, 6221 Favosites hemisphericus, 6228 Favosites hemisphericus var. a, 6229, 6230 Favosites hemisphericus var. tortus, 6231 Favosites hemisphericus var. rectus, b232;10233 var. corti- dis- Favosites hemisphericus var. tur- binatus 6234-6236 Favosites tuberosus, 6241, 6242 Hehophyllum (Zaphrentis) exiguum, 6245 Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) convexa, 6248-6254 Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) maxima, 6257 Cephalopoda Cyrtoceras (Gomphoceras) metula, 6397 THIRD REPORT: OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 ig HAMILTON BEDS Cnidaria Alveolites goldfussi, 6179, 6180 Chaetetes fruiticosus, 6181-6183 Chaetetes furcatus, 6184-6187 Cystiphyllum americanum, 6193 Cystiphyllum conifollis, 6194 Cystiphyllum varians, 6195, 6196 Favosites arbuscula, 6197-6208 Favosites (Michelinia) explanatus, 6222 Favosites hamiltonensis, 6223-6227 6192, Favosites placenta, 6237-6240 Favosites ? sp. 6243, 6244 Heliophyllum halli, 6246, 6247 Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) dividua, 6255, 6256 Michelinia (Pleurodictyum) stylo- pera, 6258 Striatopora (Thamnoptychia) lim- bata, 6259 Trachypora elegantula, 6260 Zaphrentis halli, 6261-6265 Zaphrentis simplex, 6265, 6267 UPPER DEVONIC CHEMUNG BEDS Crustacea Pephricaris horripilata, 6471 DEVONIC MAECURU GROUP Vermes Tentaculites stubeli, 6269-6272 Lamellibranchiata Actinopteria eschwegii, 6297-6301 Actinopteria humboldti, 6302-6305 Cimitaria sp., 6308 Cimitaria karsteni, 6309, 6310 Cypricardella hartti, 6313-6315 Cypricardella pohli, 6316 Grammysia burmeisteri, 6319 Grammysia gardneri, 6320 Grammysia lundi, 6321, 6322 Grammysia pissisi, 6323, 6324 Liopteria browni, 6327 Modiomorpha helmreicheni, 6330 Modiomorpha sellowi, 6332-6334. Nucula bellistriata var. parvula, 6335 Nuculites smithi, 6341 Palaeoneilo orbignyi, 6342-6345 6328— Sphenotus bodenbenderi, 6348-6350 Toechomya freitasi, 6356, 6357 Toechomya rathbuni, 6358, 6359 Gastropoda Bellerophon steltzneri, 6361 Bucania freitasi, 6362 Bucaniella réissi, 6363 Diaphorostoma ? agassizi, 6365 Diaphorostoma darwini, 6366 Diaphorostoma furmanianum, 6367 Platyceras hartti, 6368 Platyceras hussaki, 6369, 6370 Platyceras steinmanni, 6371 Platyceras symmetricum var. mae- curuense, 6372 Platyceras whitii, 6373, 6374 Plectonotus derbyi, 6375, 6376 Plectonotus ? salteri, 6377 Ptomatis forbesi, 6379 178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ERERE GROUP Vermes Nuculites branneri, 6336-6338 Tentaculites eldredgianus, 6268 Nuculites ererensis, 6339, 6340 Palaeoneilo pondiana, 6346 Palaeoneilo sulcata, 6347 Sphynotus gorceixi, 6351, 6352 Lamellibranchiata Edmondia sylvana, 6317 Goniophora woodwardi, 6318 Grammysia ulrichi, 6325 Gastropoda Guerangeria (or Nyassa) ortoni, 6326 | Bellerophon morganianus, 6360 Modiomorpha pimentana, 6331 Pleurotomaria rochana, 6378 INDEX Accessions to collections, 89-118. Adams, F. D., mentioned, 51. Adirondack region, northern, geology, 81. Amsterdam quadrangle, 13. Aquatic insects, 68. Archeology, bulletins on, 85; acces- sions to collections, 103-18. Archeology section, report on, 73-80. Areal geology, 8-12. Atrypa reticularis, 53. Auburn quadrangle, 9. Ball’s cave, 47-49. Becker’s cave, 36. Beekmantown formation of Cham- plain basin, Cephalopoda of, 83. Benson’s cave, 45. Berkey, C. P., cited, 21. Betten, Cornelius, studies of Caddis flies, 68. Birds of New York, monograph, 71. Bluestone quarries, 23. Botanist, report, 63-65, 85. Botany, bulletins on, 86. Breham, A, P., mapping of glacial deposits of Lower Mohawk valley, 13! Broadalbin quadrangle, 13. ‘Brown tail moth, 67, 84. Buffalo quadrangle, 9; geology, 83. Building, new, 6-7. Building stones of New York, fire tests, 82. Bulletins, 81-85; in press, 85; preparation, 86; prepared, 86. in Caddis flies, 68 Cambric quartzites, 12. . Capitol, scientific collections, 7-8. Cave Disappointment, 42. 179 Caverns, of the Cobleskill vailey, 38- 46; of eastern New York, 32-51; of the Fox Creek valley, 47-49; of the Helderberg mountain, 49; of the Oniskethau valley, 51; of the Schoharie valley, 36-38. Cazenovia quadrangle, 9. Cephalopoda of the Beekmantown and Chazy formations of Cham- plain basin, 83. Champlain basin, Cephalopoda of the Beekmantown and Chazy for- mations of, 83. Chazy, formation: “or | Champlain basin, Cephalopoda of, 83. Clark’s cave, 36. Clarksville cave, 51. Climacograptus bicornis, 57, 58. typicalis, 57. Clinton county, marine beaches, 13. Clinton hematite ores, 20. Cobblestone Hill beaches, 13. Cobleskill valley, map, 9; caverns, 38-46. Coleman, A. P., mentioned, 51. Collections, scientific, condition of, 6-8. Cook, Harry C., mentioned, 33. Cook, John H., mentioned, 33. Corals, Paleozoic, genera, 59. Crangonyx tenuis, 40, 73. Crataegus, species of, 63-64. Crinoids, Devonic, 59. Crystalline rocks in Tarrytown sheet, survey of, II. i Cushing, Hi Ps mentioned, 0, 51; Geology of the Northern Adiron- dack Region, 81. Dale, T. Netson, cited, 53. Dalmanites coxius, 53. 180 Devonic faunas of Gaspé, 52. Devonic strata, early, at Lake Mem- phremagog, 52-53. Dicranograptidae, 58. Diplograptus quadrimucronatus, 57- 58. | Drumlins of central-western New York, 12: Earthquake records, 29-32. Echinoderms, check list, 73. Economic geology, bulletins, 82. Elm leaf beetle, 66. Entomologist, report, 66-60, 84; pub- lications, 60. Entomology, bulletins on, 84, 85, 86; accessions to collections, 92-99. Esopus grit, 53. Eurypterus fauna of the Shawan- gunk grit, 56-57. Fairchild, H. L., report on drum- lins of central-western New York, 13; report on glacial waters of the Erie, basia, 13> Teport on) later glacial waters of central New York, 13; mapping of moraines of western New York, 13; investi- gations of Shore lines ef Wake Iroquois and Pleistocene geology west of the Adirondacks, 13. Favosites, 53. Felt, E. P., Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees, 81; Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths, 84. Fire tests of some New York build- ing stones, 82. Fishes, Devonic, monograph of, 59. Flint Granite Co., Cemetery station, scientific collections, 8. Fonda quadrangle, 13. Fossil plants, 60-63. Fossils, new entries on general record of localities, 119-24; list of type specimens, 125-78. Fox Creek valley, caverns, 47-40. Fruit tree insects, 66. Gall midges, 68-60. Gaspé, early Devonic, 52. NEW YORK STATE — MUSEUM Geneva quadrangle, 9. Genoa quadrangle, 9. Geological Hall, scientific collections, oh Geological maps, 85. Geological nomenclature, tional committee on, 51. Geological survey, report on, 8-63. Geologists, international congress of, 51-52. Geology, report, 8-25; bulletins on, 81-82, 85, 86; accessions to collec- tions, 8o. Gillett, J. R., work of, 60. Gipsy moth, 67, 84. Glacial deposits of the. Lower Mo- hawk valley, 13-15. Glacial waters of the Erie Basin, 13. Gloversville quadrangle, 13. Grabau, A. W., cited, 9, 38; Guide to Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie Region, 83. Granville series, Io. Grape root worm, 66. Graptolites of New York, 58-59. interna- Hammondsport quadrangle, 9; geol- ogy, 83. Harinagels Gy Acta ma Helderberg mountain, caves, 49. Helderberg plateau, limestone cav- erns, 32. Heliophyllum, 53. Hematite district of St Lawrence and Jefferson counties, 18-20. Heteropoda venatoria, 73. Highland gneiss, II. Highlands of the Hudson, survey of, TT: Hopkins: «isi@.) cited. o: Hovey, Hn ©. ycitedieae: Howe's cave, 38-42. Hudson, G. H., mentioned, 10. Hudson River slates, 12. Hughmilleria, 57. Indians, report on archeology sec- tGily) 7ea-CO: Industrial geology, 15-25. INDEX TO THIRD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1906 International congress of geologists, 51-52. . Inwood limestone, 12. Iron ores, 16-22. Iroquois, Lake, shore lines, 13. Jack Patrick’s cave, 45. Kemp, J. F., mentioned, 51. Lake Iroquois, see Iroquois, Lake. Lake Memphremagog, see Memphre- magog; Lake. Later glacial waters of central New Morle- 13. Limestone caverns of eastern New Work; 32-51. Lingulepis acuminata, Io. Livingston’s cave, 49. Localities, new entries on general record of, 119-24. Long Lake quadrangle, Io. Loughran, James F., mentioned, 33. Lowerre quartzite, 12. Luther, D. D.; work of, 9; Geology of the Buffalo Quadrangle, 83; Geology of the Penn Yan-Ham- mondsport Quadrangles, 83. McCourt, W.E., Fire Tests of Some New York Building Stones, 82. McFail’s cave, 42. Magnetites, titaniferous, 18. Maine, eastern, Paleozoic faunas, 52. ~Manhattan schist, 12. Maps, 85; topographic, 8-12. Mastodons, 59-60. Mather, cited, 53. Memoirs, 81; in press, 85; prepared, 86. Memphremagog, Lake, womicestiata,, 52-53: Mineralogic laboratory, contributions from, 82. Mineralogy, report, 25-29; bulletins, 82; accessions to collections, 91-02. Mines and quarries, 15-16. Mining and quarry industry of New York, 82. early De- 18f Mohawk valley, lower, glacial de- posits, 13-15. Mollusca, New York, monograph of, 72. Monograptus clintonensis, 59. priodon, 59. Moraines of western New York, 13 Morrisville quadrangle, 9. Mosquitos, paper on, 60. Myriapods, monograph of, 73. Needham, James G., monograph on stone flies (Plecoptera), 68. Newland, D. H., Mining and Quarry Industry of New York, 82. Nixon, Ivan L., work of, 60. Normanskill fauna, 58. Normanskill graptolite shale, 58. Nunda quadrangle, 9. Nylander, O. O., mentioned, 52. Ogilvie, I. H., Geology of the Para- dox Lake Quadrangle, 81. Oneida conglomerate, 54. Oniskethau valley, caves, 51. Ontario Beach quadrangle, 9. —Otisville, Utica shale, 57-58. Ovid quadrangle, 9. Paleontology, report on, 52-63; bul- letins on, 83, 85, 86; accessions to collections, go. Paradox lake quadrangle, geology, 81. Park and woodland trees, insects affecting, 69, 81. Pectinatella magnifica, 73. Penn Yan-Hammondsport quad=-' © rangles, 9; geology,. 83. Phelps quadrangle, 9. Phillipsastrea, 53. Pigmy cave, 45. Pleceptera, 68. Pleistocene geology west of the Ad- irondacks, 13. Pleistocene phenomena of the Lower Mohawk valley, 13-15. Portage quadrangle, 9. Postglacial faults in eastern New York or: 182: Potsdam sandstone, 10. Publications, 80-86. Record of localities, 119-24. Rensselaer grit, 53-50. Reports, annual, 8o. Retiolites geinitzianus, 59. venosus, 59. Rhynchonella, 53. Richtmyer’s cave, 45. Rochester-Ontario Beach quadrangle, Q. IRONGOS) Ie Ia, Clieal, ae, Ruedemann, Rudolf, mentioned, 52; cited, 53, 58; Cephalopoda of the Beekmantown and Chazy forma- tions of Champlain Basin, 83. San José scale, 66. Sandstones, investigation of, 22-25. Schizocrania filosa, 57. Schoharie region, guide to geology and paleontology, 83. Schoharie valley, map, 9; caverns, 30-38. Schuylerville quadrangle, 13. Scientific collections, condition of, 6-8. Seismograph, 29. Sellick’s cave, 42. Shade tree problem, 66-67. Shawangunk grit, 54, 57; tenUsm tal Wares On5 7. Shelter cave, 38. Skaneateles quadrangle, 9. Spiders, check list, 73. Spirifer acuminatus, 53. Staff of the Science Division and State Museum, 87-88. State Hall, scientific collections, 7. Sterrett, D. B., cited, 28. Stone flies, 68. Storage house, scientific collections, 8. Surficial geology, 13-15. Euryp- NEW YORK ‘STATE MUSEUM” -¥ - Sutphen’s cave, 40. Syracuse quadrangle, 9. Taonurus, 53. Tarrytown sheet, survey of crystal- line rocks, 11. | Thacher’s cave, 409. Theresa quadrangle, 9-10. Thysania zenobia, 66. Topographic maps, report, 8-12. Tree, fossil, 61. Trichoptera, 68. Tussock moth, white marked, 66. Type specimens of Paleozoic fossils, list, 125-78. Utica shale at Otisville, 57-58. Valcour island, survey of, 10-11. Van Hise, C. H., mentioned, 51. Vaughan, T. Wayland, work on genera of the Paleozoic corals, 59. Verstrepen, Joseph L., scientific col- lections stored in property of, 8. Wappinger limestone, 12. White, David, investigations of De- vonic plants, 60. Whitlock, H. P., Contributions from the Mineralogic Laboratory, 82. Whitnall, work of, 9. Wolfert’s cave, 42. Woodworth, J. B., investigation of Cobblestone Hill beaches, 13; re- port on postglacial faults in east- ern New York, 13; work of, in Hudson valley, 13; . survey of Schuylerville quadrangle, 13. Wynn’s cave, 40. Young, D. B., work of, 60. Youngs’s cave, 45. Zoclogy, accessions to collections, 99-103. Zoology section, report, 70-73. Appendix I Economic geology 16 Museum bulletin 112 16 Mining and Quarry Industry 1906 Published nionthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 405 JULY 1907 New York State Museum Joun M. Ciarke, Director Bulletin 112 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 16 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY OF NEW YORK STATE REPORT OF OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTIONS DURING 1906 BY D. H. NEWLAND PAGE PAGE SUSE RO oct 2 ah as ere 1s AVL ie Kerala © cya es ata Sar oP 29 LI SES. CASO C La a aA 6 Notes on recent mining devel- Mineral production of New OPIMEMTS ey cn eaanetnt ones Bu Be oecid DOOA ns... as et OF SVG POMe Sh esis us cease 43 Mineral production of New Mineral peittatater skies ats oes «evens 44 Monon THs i ee OS. on Nabil Gass eee es ele aie 3 od 46 Mineral production of New J FST eR Re lena ea Se ee ape eae 49 ROG RGOO. 65 ey. ee PLO Mar CeeLGOleUMlnn uy cs Serene saris akon erase 50 PSC ALTON! 5. 5 1) aves «ote we ea ro Rll Le VI Shep Mar cece a a ae 52 OOM GTO. fe Sy Sloe oak mt aN OS ETS: ASR Ne a a gs 52 SSATP ac a A) CeCe hee Oe Pe site. a 53 CIES? Eke ce ee eae PAG, eaGetnite DTICK .5 oF je sso ss 55 Manractune ob building jriek 18) | Slate eau thine a! an « « csqultdalos 56 @iber clay materials . cance Zao MOST TOTES. a Ah eae ett, Soc Ree 57 New manufacturers of clay GRAM oic.s sa Nauaakersr aes 59 AMEOIMEUNG: . Sais esle Auvaeray ne « 21 LimMestomenyees. HA SRR ke 60 Heubemyae race Ak, Weave e's keh 6 22 IEW ON ESS pert Semel oe Ne 64 CPUC IS CCE 2a ee 24 Sand Stone. vs: dcewnes so cee. 66 Peepers tees hes es Ce 24 SNR Cae a 8 Mise men Wwe tener 68 SILLS OCCA Re DUA M MRI. LANNE lassi tesn din So gee ee, oe 70 Sain Sere aioe e 5: acu. Maine sam Gi leat: eam elias aye 71 "OSS ALLS GARS ae a ne aI BOL Wale Nee ak PRR Re sia en Ly) 73 Cie Sects Laplante dn ne wate n ea me, Nb ba i nel me ar itr Hr i ee oe QvLINet HG so eee Oe ae oe » os 1t AVOLT ORS tO“ t L = “% ©s * ae c ; Tok = : ! > a ah wate ar Se ROSE SO ae es eee “ei i ee Ey ey ier: se iy es “Di west) Wald eS i‘ ria a iS * falas ay a ‘FRA conse ede? Fey 5 wed ipo ins rhe noliaaySH piste: dew? wo f xe Pe rac ee a SN ee yen ee ee eat A Heol gif = ogi ina eek: Eee ie 5 uc ~ SIX cto» ate — = Mae = Oy roenieee’ MOODS - oes fe hi STATE AH0T, want O64 i “ ge) ek te ee tes he Mirae ce x { Perk Sia. ie 8 alain Wa% any, a ; Bie AL AUT $i taeda ne eee ie: ayy JPR é t Wa, baa 5 Se abel Ike tad aeat er Pleas hae km tee wil atilet =} iF ie ¥ 7 oA. Dee NS ee PA ees New York State Education Department Science Division, April 16, 1907 Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education My DEAR sir: I communicate herewith for publication as a bulle- tin of the State Museum, the third annual report on The Mining and Quarry Industry of New York State prepared by the Assistant State Geologist. The public demand for these publications is urgent and I suggest that the printing of this report be forwarded without delay. Very respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER’S ROOM ; Approved for publication this 18th day of April 1907 Neb Biren Commissioner of Education f Sc oon f y ne 1o5 + i - ne P ve * , a % ‘ Ny . eo - ‘ cr x 7 e ; ~ , - 7 ; e [ a: i " ‘ ' fe a i 5 bi « - ot Ait uy ha ike ‘ pa Te / = ae ey : > i ny ' - : i i 4 c a Soi setae ; Fvefhsteeisee , ite rh bs New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. CrarxeE, Director Bulletin 112 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 16 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY OF NEW YORK STATE REPORT OF OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION DURING 1906 BY D. H. NEWLAND PREFACE The present bulletin —the third of the series to bear the same title — carries forward the plan of issuing a report each year on the mineral industry of New York. The series is intended to afford a summary of the current discoveries, developments and production of the useful mineral materials, each volume being prepared as soon after the close of the year as practicable. With this report the in- formation is brought down to the end of 1906. | It is desired again to express grateful acknowledgment for the assistance rendered by those. engaged in mining and quarry enter- prises within the State; the requests for information have met with a uniform consideration on their part which has greatly facilitated the preparation of the report. 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM INTRODUCTION The mineral industries of New York have continued to experience during the past year the conditions of general prosperity and ad- vancement noticed in the previous report for 1905. A summary of the returns received from producers distributed among the different branches which are represented in the State shows a valuation for the year’s output of $37,118,430. The total takes into account over 30 mineral materials that are commercially exploited. It is to be noted, however, that the valuation is placed upon the materials in their crude or first marketable forms, and no attempt has been made to obtain information relative to the many and varied industries which derive their support from further elaboration of the ma- terials. The corresponding total reported in 1905 was $35,470,987. In 1904 the value amounted to $28,812,595. The gain for the past year was $1,647,443 or about 5 per cent, while during the two previous years for which statistics have been collected the increase has been $8,305,835 or nearly 30 per cent. The progress of the iron-mining industry has been one of the notable features of the year’s record. The output amounted to 905,307 long tons, the largest reported since 1891, and an increase of 78,318 tons over that for 1905. There were II mines in the State under exploitation, the number including three which began production during the year. Exploratory developments have been carried on by several additional companies as a preliminary to active mining. The Fair Haven Iron Co. will begin shipments in the spring from its mine situated at Sterling Station, Cayuga co. The Benson mines in St Lawrence county, the Cheever mine in Essex county and the Salisbury mine in Herkimer county have been under development. The opening of the Lake Sanford.titaniferous mag- ‘netite deposits, which have recently been transferred to new owner- ship, is perhaps the most important prospective feature to be re- corded in the mining of iron ore. The manufacture of clay products contributed an aggregate value of $13,955,300 in 1906 as compared with $14,280,016 in the preced- ing year. The decrease was due principally to the lower prices ob- tained for structural materials. The output of clay building ma- terials (brick, tile, fireproofing and terra cotta) was valued at $11,063,433. The number of brick made was 1,600,059,000, of which 1,230,692,000 was reported by the plants along the Hudson river. Pottery is a growing branch of the clay-working industry ; THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 7 its share in the total last year amounted to $1,795,008 represented mostly by the finer wares, porcelain and semiporcelain. There were 265 clay-working plants in operation distributed among 48 counties. There was little change in the valuation of the products reported by the quarries, the total for 1906 amounting to $6,504,165 against $6,107,147 in the preceding year. The sum was divided according to the various uses into: building stone $1,408,583; monumental - stone $103,219; curbing and flagging $999,678; crushed stone $2,435,493; other uses $1,557,192. The output of slate and of lime- stone used in making Portland and natural cements is not included in the totals. The plants manufacturing hydraulic cement reported a production of 4.114,939 barrels, consisting of 2,423,374 barrels of Portland cement and 1,691,565 barrels of natural rock cement. There was a large falling off in the natural rock cement, owing to conditions that have developed generally in the cement trade, and for the first time the total was exceeded by that of Portland cement. The combined value of the production was $3,950,699. In 1905 the output amounted to 4,375,520 barrels valued at $3,673,553. In the salt industry the production has been maintained at an unusually high rate. The total of rock and brine salt reported was 9,013,993 barrels, which is the largest on record. The output for the preceding year amounted to 8.575.649 barrels. There was a slight decrease in the market value — $2,131,650, as compared with $2,303,067 in 1905. A large portion of the brine salt made in New York is used for the manufacture of soda products. The mines and quarries of gypsum made an output of 262,581 short tons, valued at $685,053. There was a large gain over the previous year when the production amounted to 191,860 tons, valued at $551,193. The increase came mostly from the companies manu- facturing wall plaster and plaster of paris. The combined value of the petroleum and natural gas produced in the State was $2,487,674, against $2,173,931 in 1905. The quan- tity of petroleum reported was 1,043,088 barrels valued at $1,721,- 095, or a little more than in the preceding year. The natural gas industry continues to show progress, due to the active developments in Erie and Chautauqua counties. The quantity of gas reported last year was 3,007,086,000 cubic — against 2,639,130,000 cubic feet, the total for 1905. Among the smaller industries which have a firm foothold in New York State are the mining of garnet, graphite and talc. The garnet 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM product in 1906 amounted to 4729 short tons, valued at $159,208. The graphite produced was 2,811,582 pounds, valued at $96,084. The talc mines reported an output of 64,200 short tons, with a valua- tion of $541,600. Mineral production of New York in 1904 SSS UNIT OF SOE MEASUREMENT Portland: cement..45.64 0005 Bartels. 7s... cane Natural rock cement........ Barrelsee eee Burldingsbrick.cra ee eee Thousandses..-2 POGEERY. © ica eur eos oe ae re eR ee ee Otherclayzproducts vrs.) setae Crudetelays tee aos ee ee Short tons ee EOI TAVecee cock Bore eockent SION WHOLIS. 5445 5 Feldspar and quartz........ Wongitonse ner Garnet. stele See: SHOLE LOnS se eee Gilassysandy ae srw nes cook eas Short conse Graphite lh oe ee Pounds a... cer Guys trial Gr sods eticners 18 ceases Snort tons... -=. TrOMvOren.si 5c ac: cme eee Wong tonsSeeess: MISE OMeG tis iets vente, suse a ok! sealer ee ae eee ae Metalichpaintie dine. cers oe SORE tONS ares Slatetpigiment ss. set oe SHOrt, tONSi re Mineralswatersie.c sce Gallons eae NaturaliGase ae ac saree tone 1000 cubic feet Petroleunrsaiaye. ccm eee Batrels: 3. eee PICO ease cicus Comes See ee onpstonse. ae. Sale cies tiers ca eee Barrels nee ae Roofing slatetis.: eee cer SOMEMES 5.65 o6 oo Slate manulacturessnc eee sae a eee Giranitesc! Sees oR ee eee a ee es Limestone <). fini Aes 2 alae genera ee wy ee ae Marble. cae ees. Re gr Mn ye meres Wenr's. ype OL fe DANAStOMe: 2c he ees ee eee eae ee a oa PEGA ei ic Scie rae coe Tete teem aae oeeaee ee Coe SAIC 2s Ailian cain eae ee Short tons. .0 ee Other materialsa ier ea ee eae Totalivalue 20-02 Ase ee eee ee QUANTITY VALUE I 377 3°02) Si 9245 Gg t 881 630 I 207 882 I 293 538 7 473 122 Ae a A rare I 438 634 eee ie oe 2 592 948 8 959 17 164 I 148 E7226 8 703 28 463 3 045 104 325 II 080 8 484 3 132 927 TIQ 5°09 I5t 455 424 975 619 103 I 328 894 Pe ae in Pia 2I 476 4 740 55 768 3n 132 23 876 8 000 000 I 000 000 2 399 987 552 197 I 036 179 I 709 770 eres 20 820 8 724 768 2 102748 18 ogo 86 159 siete ame DRO Nee 4 441 Bena wets ARAN 22% 882 Sheets “alegces 2 104 095 sedagapar aemeee de 4973 79x Ee em NR a 1 896 697 ae te ARE Mie 468 496 65 000 455 000 Byte cua eere I 600 000 Se eee $28 812 595 a Includes apatite, carbon dioxid, diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, marl and sand. value is partly estimated. The THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 9 Mineral production of New York in 1905 UNIT OF PRODUCT MoASdOHiENS QUANTITY VALUE Pociiand cement........... Barrels. ite 3: 2 117 822 $2 046 864 Matiral rock cement........ Barrels? tacts os 2 257 698 I 590 689 Peis brick. 1.0... ee ahousands!. "2 sy. ig sit els 9) IO 054 597 ED ET IS 2 2 0 GiG CRONBASESRC GB OMe eciccly ine enn nae eure Perrier Cat I 620 558 MEE LOCUICES St) ted. i) shee steed acs evoke 3.) esterase wlareis 2 603 861 ie Ce i re SHOLtsCONS! ns. 6 766 16 616 LDN ieee SHOE CONS ..': 1 tr 475 I2 452 Feldspar and quartz........ Wongetonsn yo: I7 000 48 500 ASSES 2g hr re SHOT CONS... 2 700 94 500 2 25S S26 aan SHOGt OMS: eer 9 850 7 765 OE AUS) ee Pounds soa. es 3 897 616 142 948 Maisie we ee SHOrt tons. » =): 19I 860 55I 103 LPO) C20... ae Long tons...... 827 049 2 S7O. ne MOE RSS Cee Ee ee ote hel|! Pua g Goce elaiar Ge axes iw |\ie emia octe wl 22 944 Menace paint............-. Sone Conse. 4 6 059 70 090 PrSeewoIeiment. . 2.2.6... 2 Shorttons=: «ik 2 929 22 668 Miieral Waters. 2... 6 ee es Grallonse. so. 1k 8 000 000 I 000 000 eMiiedl CaS. Ooo Cubic feet. .|- 2 639.130 607 000 SCE ra Barrels ones... 949 511 T 5001931 - 08, ) Lone tons.s2 278 810 20200 727 2 285 094 ESOL re sis) a avele tee 260 787 443 175 A 18ST OLS 2: 422 °80m WOO Tec a. eae: 394 398 690 179 4 259 186 2 TOS gee TOGOs She ocak ge one 554 358 970 126 ATS 7 On 7 2 065 658 EQOQ Sc. .e sus tee 472 386 708 579 4 689 167 2 813-500 NOOOL hc haere 465 832 582 290 3 409 085 2 O45 ae BOOMs eG eat Wovens 617 228 On7 228 2 eB Aaa I 117 606 TQ OD wie dice nie ewe a Te ESO a7. AR 19 167 132 000 975 410 5. oe Greene:.fu!) oe eevee | 6 64 690 ooo 390 748 6 04 Orangesens aes ake 12 189 180 000 I 170 695 6 19 Rensselaer:s.% ces ase 9 31 776 ooo 173 906 5 48 Rockland (nse s oo 33 296 I45 000 L707 son 5 97 WIS Ger iaits see eee 26 252 665 ooo L405) 457 5 80 Westchester......... 9 70 621 000 458 ooo 6 46 SL Otal se oes eter: E31) |b)230 O92000)|"s7_ 2520s 77 $5 98 even $12 a thousand was paid for the available supply. With the resumption of manufacture they rapidly fell to $8 or $0, and as the season advanced they continued to decline due to a slacken- ing in building operations, As the plants had been brought up THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 21 to their highest efficiency in anticipation of a profitable season, there were also unusually large quantities offéred upon the market. In the last months of the season, the prices fell to about $5 a thou- sand at the yard and held at that level throughout the remainder of the year, with small demand. At the end of the year the stock held by the companies along the river was probably in excess of 300,000,000, or fully 25 per cent of the whole output. A radical curtailment of operations is to be expected for the current season. Other clay materials The manufacture of paving brick was carried on during 1906 in Chautauqua, Greene, Onondaga and Steuben counties. There were five companies engaged in the business and the output was 11,472,000, valued at $178,011. In 1905 there were six companies which reported a production of 13,984,000, valued at $180,004. Fire brick and stove lining were manufactured in Albany, Chau- tauqua, Erie, Kings, Onondaga, Rensselaer, Richmond, Schenec- tady, Washington and Westchester counties by a total of 13 com- panies. The output of fire brick amounted to 12,091,413, valued at $413,147, and the stove lining was valued at $114,512, a com- bined value of $527,659. In 1905 the value of the two materials was $498,184 reported by 13 companies. Drain tile and sewer pipe were made in Albany, Cayuga, Chau- tauqua, Erie, Genesee, Kings, Madison, Monroe, Oneida, Onon- daga, Ontario, Saratoga, Seneca, Washington and Wayne counties. The output of drain tile was valued at $166,645, against $146,790 in 1905; and sewer pipe at $95,142, against $444,457. There were 26 companies engaged in this branch of the industry, a gain of two as compared with the previous year. Terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile were produced in Albany, Allegany, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Kings, Monroe, Onondaga, Ontario, Queens, Rensselaer, Richmond and Steuben counties, by a total of 17 companies, or three less than in 1905. The production of terra cotta was valued at $1,037,387, against $874,717 in 1905; fireproofing at $120,282, against $133,395; and building tile at $217,475, against $251,600. New manufacturers of clay materials The following list includes the names of the companies or in- dividuals who have erected plants during the past year, or have taken over old plants, for the manufacture of clay structural mate- rials. The list is supplementary to the one published in the report for 1905. 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAME LOCATION OF PLANT Albany co. Corwin & McCullough Coeymans Powell & Minnock Coeymans C. A. Smith Albany Edward J. Smith & Co. Albany Ziegler & Ziegler Coeymans Dutchess co. Harlem Valley Brick & Supply Co. Amenia John Nicholson Herkimer co. Dutchess Junct.on Staley & Co. Ilion Orange co. George W. Hunt Chelsea Rensselaer co. Palmer Bros. Troy Rensselaer Brick Co. Rensselaer GL, Tobin Castleton Richmond co. Rossville Brick Co. Rossville] Rockland co. Lynch & O’Brien Haverstraw Reilly & Marks West Haverstraw Brick Co. Schenectady co. Cady & Vandenbergh Electric City Clay Brick Co. Suffolk co. The Brown Clay Works Stony Point West Haverstrav , Schenectady Glenville Fort Salonga Ulster co. Lowe Brick Co. New Paltz Estate of A. S. Staples Port Ewen Ulster Brick Co. Saugerties W. M. Burhans, Executor Saugerties Pottery The manufacture of pottery has become an important branch of the clay-working industry of the State. Its development, how- ever, has been due rather to the exceptional facilities afforded by the State for manufacturing and marketing the products than to the existence of natural resources of crude materials that are em- ployed in the potteries. With the exception of the deposits of slip clay in Albany county and a limited supply of stoneware clays in Onondaga county, the raw materials are derived entirely from THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 22 without the State. The kaolin used comes from New Jersey and from England, the feldspar from Canada, and much of the pottery clay from New Jersey. In the accompanying table is shown the value of the pottery manufactures during the past three years. The total valuation of the product for 1906, as returned by the individual plants, was $1,795,008. The preceding year’s output was valued at $1,620,558 and that of 1904 at $1,438,634. The growth of the industry during the period has been brought about by the increased production of the high grade products — porcelain and semiporcelain tablewares and electric and sanitary supplies. The manufacture of stoneware and earthenware has remained almost stationary. The products listed in the table under “‘ Miscellaneous ”’ include yellow and Rock- ingham wares, clay tobacco pipes, fire clay crucibles and artistic pottery. - There were 22 potteries that reported as active in 1906, the Same number as in the two preceding years. They were distrib- uted among the following counties: Albany, Chautauqua, Erie, Kings, Madison, Monroe, Nassau, Onondaga, Ontario, Schenectady, Suffolk, Washington and Wayne. Onondaga holds first place in point of production, with a total for 1906 valued at $858,270, as compared with $718,985 in 1905 and $673,590 in 1904. Kings county is the second largest producer, contributing an output val- ued at $306,105, against $308,443 in the preceding year and $279,- 009 in 1904. The Rochester City Pottery of Rochester making earthenware and the Van Der Meulen & Wylstra Art Pottery Co., of Dunkirk, making delft reported an output in 1906 for the first time. Value of production of pottery WARE , 1904 Ig05 1906 BGOMeWATON CS on. eee els $77 726 | $115 800 . $84 031 imeG carhnenware............5.. 44 990 | 30 740 30 234 aPorcelain and semiporcelain.... 740 000 | 800 000 835 900 Electric and sanitary supplies... . 490 095 600 325 | 768 236 MiSeSHanmecoOuS. 6. sss.) ss. lk | 85 823 73 663 77 507 eS a Ar Re, ee a aE oles De ee Sock DSi ie ee | $1 438 634 | $1 620 558 $1 795 008 alIncludes china tableware. 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Crude clay In the foregoing tables relating to clay products no account has been taken of the crude clay entering into their manufacture. There are a few producers in the State who do not utilize the crude clay themselves, but ship their output to others for manufacture. Some of the material, like the Albany slip clay for example, is even for- warded to points without the State. In 1906, returns were received from four firms engaged in this industry whose total shipments amounted to 5477 short tons valued at $9125. The corresponding total for 1905 was 6766 tons with a value of $16,616 and for ay 8959 tons with a value of $17,164. EMERY The emery deposits near Peekskill were worked on about the usual scale during the past year. The output reported by the four producers that were active amounted to 1307 short tons valued at $13,870. This compares with a total of 1475 tons valued at $12,452 in 1905 and 1148 tons with a value of $17,220 in 1904. The valua- tion is based on the crude material as it comes from the quarries where it undergoes only a rough sorting before shipment. The lump emery is sent to outside points for grinding and manufacture into emery wheels, stones, cloth, etc. The list of producers in 1906 includes the following: Blue Corun- dum Mining Co., Easton, Pa., Keystone Emery Mills, Frankford, Pa., J. R. Lancaster, Peekskill and the Tanite Co. Stroudsburg, Pa. The Keystone Emery Mills have taken over the properties formerly worked by H. M. Quinn. With the exception of J. R. Lancaster who sells his product to the Hampden Corundum Wheel Co., of Springfield, Mass., the companies mine the emery for their own consumption in connection with manufacturing plants. PEEDSEAR The quarries of feldspar at Bedford, Westchester co., were operated as in previous years by P. H. Kinkel of that place and yielded their average output. In connection with the working of the quarries a considerable quantity of quartz, or flint as it 1s com- monly termed, was obtained. The feldspar was shipped to Trenton, N. J., where it is employed in the manufacture of porcelain wares. An additional source of supply for the mineral received attention during the past year, the locality being in Washington county, about 3 miles north of Fort Ann. The feldspar is found here in THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 25 a pegmatite dike. A quarry had been opened some 20 years ago and worked for a time for the quartz which is mixed with the feldspar. Only a small quantity of feldspar was taken out in the past year. The operator of the quarry was Dominic Ashley of Glens Falls. The combined production of feldspar and quartz in New York State amounted in 1906 to 13,660 long tons valued at $44,350. The total for the previous year was 17,000 long tons valued at $48,500. | GARNET Though there have been no new sources of supply for garnet, other than those described in the previous report, the mining in- dustry has shown unusual progress during the past year. The demand for the mineral among abrasive manufacturers seems to be expanding rapidly at present. The occurrence of garnet may be said to be quite widespread in the Adirondacks and other regions where the rock formations have a metamorphosed character. It is only seldom found, how- ever, in deposits of sufficient size and richness and at the same time with the proper physical qualities to warrant commercial exploita- tion. There is little to be feared, apparently, from a possible over- production, at least from the present mining sections. The output from the Adirondack region has been made by three companies: the North River Garnet Co., with mines at Thir- feemtm lake, Warren co; H. H.. Barton & Son Co., who operate the deposits on Gore mountain, near North River; and the Ameri- can Glue Co., with mines on Garnet peak, north of the latter locality. The first named company has been the largest producer. Its new mill which was first started in 1905 was in continuous operation during the past year. The deposits are so situated that they can be worked through the winter. At the other localities where the garnet is obtained by open cutwork and hand sorting, operations can not be carried on to advantage in the winter months. The newly discovered deposit near Keeseville, Essex co., noted in the report for 1905, has been under development, but made no output except a small quantity for experimental purposes. The recent work has shown the deposit to be of large extent. The garnet Occurs in massive form, frequently more or less granulated and admixed with green pyroxene. It has been used experiment- ally in the manufacture of abrasive wheels, with results reported as very satisfactory. The property is owned by G. W. Smith of Keeseville. 3 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The production reported by the companies for 1906 was the largest on record, amounting to 4729 short tons valued at $159,298. In the preceding year the total was 2700 tons valued at $94,500, and in 1904 it was 3045 tons valued at $104,325. ‘The relatively small output for 1905 was due in part to a temporary curtailing of operations by the North River Garnet Co., incidental to starting their new plant. GRAPHITE The production of crystalline graphite in the Adirondack region showed an unexpected falling off during the past year. It amounted to a total of 2,811,582 pounds valued at $96,084, as compared with 3,897,616 pounds valued at $142,948 in 1905 and 3,132,927 pounds valued at $119,509 in 1904. The output for 1905 was probably the largest that has been made in any one year since the estab- lishment of the industry. The average value of the graphite per pound was 3.4 cents in 1906, 3.7 cents in 1905 and 3.8 cents in 1904, showing that there has been a decrease also in the market prices received for the product. The relatively small output in 1906 can not be ascribed to any general conditions that are likely to influence adversely the future progress of the industry, but is doubtless a temporary feature incidental to the limited scope of the opera- tions as carried on at present. The Adirondack graphite deposits which are being exploited are of the bedded type, the graphite occuring as disseminated flakes in a rock matrix, which may be limestone, quartzite or a silicious schist. The rocks are ancient sediments that have been thoroughly metamor- phosed, and it is believed that the graphite has originated from included organic matter that was distilled by the heat to which they have been subjected, with a resultant loss of the volatile con- stituents. The rocks which have a thoroughly crystalline char- acter, occur in force on the borders of the Adirondacks, but are less abundant in the interior. Their content in graphite is variable. As an extreme it may reach 8 or 10 per cent, which is found only in the deposits owned by the American Graphite Co., near Hague. The average for the other deposits that have been worked probably does not exceed 3 per cent. The companies who have reported a production for 1906 are: American Graphite Co., with mines at Graphite, near Hague, War- ren co.; Crown Point Graphite Co., operating near Penfield pond, Essex co.; Pettinos Bros., with mines at Rock pond, Essex co.; Adirondack Mining & Milling Co., and Champlain Graphite Co., THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 27) with mines at South Bay, near Whitehall, Washington co. The plant of the Ticonderoga Graphite Co., at Rock pond, was leased to Pettinos Bros., of Bethlehem, Pa., who operated it for only a brief period. The graphite rock was found to be cut out by a fault. The Adirondack Mining & Milling Co. was active only for a period of three weeks, and will not resume operations during the present year. The Glens Falls Graphite Co. has been incorporated for the purpose of working a graphite deposit situated near Conklingville, 8 miles west of Hadley, Saratoga co. The deposit is described as a quartzose schist with a thickness of 50 feet where opened. The erection of a mill is in progress, which it is expected will be com- pleted early in the year. The Empire Graphite Co. is engaged in developing a property near Greenfield, Saratoga co. Some prospecting has been done in the vicinity of Graphite with a view to locating a possible extension of the bed worked by the American Graphite Co. Drill tests have indicated that the quartzite underlies a considerable area to the west of that company’s prop- erty. In three holes which were put down the graphitic bed was found to be from 19 to 22-feet thick and was encountered at 50 to 75 feet depth. | GYPSUM The industries connected with the production of gypsum and its manufacture into commercial products have progressed rapidly dur- ing recent years. The advance has been due to the utilization of the material for wall plaster and plaster of paris, a branch of the in- dustry that has been developed in New York State practically since 1900. Previous to that year the output of crude gypsum averaged less than 50,000 tons annually and was used almost wholly for agricultural purposes. Though the deposits of the State do not yield, as a rule, a material of high degree of purity, it has been found to be well adapted for making the usual grades of calcined plasters. The quarries of gypsum are situated along a belt extending west from Madison county through Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Monroe, Genesee and Erie counties. The gypsum is found in one or more beds associated with the Camillus shale of the Salina group. The beds range up to 30 feet or more in thickness. They are worked only along the outcrop, generally by open pit methods, though underground mining is practised to some extent in the western 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM section. The manufacture of wall plaster is carried on principally in the vicinity of Syracuse, Onondaga co., at Wheatland and Gar- butt, Monroe co., and at Oakfield, Genesee co. The output of gypsum in crude form during 1906 amounted to 262,486 short tons, reported by 16 producers. In 1905 the output was 191,860 short tons and in 1904 it amounted to 151,455 tons. The greater part of the output was converted into wall plaster and plaster of paris, the combined product of these materials amounting to 163,451 short tons valued at $595,285 against 130,268 tons valued at $478,084 in the preceding year. The totals include only the quantities made from gypsum mined or quarried in the State; in addition there is a production of wall plaster and plaster of paris from imported material for which no returns are received. The quantity of gypsum that was ground and sold for land plaster amounted in 1906 to 20,656 short tons valued at $46,094, against 19,815 tons valued at $39,014 in the preceding year. A further portion amounting to 34,626 tons valued at $58,076 in 1906 and to 27,980 tons valued at $34,095 in the preceding year was sold in the crude state. Production of gypsum _—EEEEEEE=E=E=EeEeEeSsSspananaanananananananananmnmnamamDaeaeaeaeeeeeSSSS eee SSS T1905 1906 Short tons] Value Short tons Value | Eee Totaloutputey ns sea as TOU COO tt ace eee 262486 | ..5 oe Sold enudegi whats saris ese 27 980 $34 005 34 626 $58 076 Ground for land plaster..... LQ Ory | "30 014 20 656 | — 46 094 Wall plaster etc. made..... 130 268 A478 084 163 451 Peos 285 “Eo Total vanes ote =o ere ae | Gee TPTOR (4 su cere | $6097455 rm | Unusual attention has been given during the past year to the exploration of the gypsum deposits of the State, with results that promise to contribute toward the further expansion of the industry in the immediate future. In Onondaga county a new company has been engaged in the development of a deposit near Jamesville. A vertical shaft was put down to a depth of 100 feet and encountered about 40 feet of gypsum at the bottom. The Lehigh Portland Cement Co. and E. B. Alvord & Co. were active in exploring for deposits in the same district. The American Gypsum Co. has developed a property near Alabama, Genesee co., where the Akron Gypsum Co. has also opened a deposit. The former company in- THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I906 29 tends to erect a calcining plant. The Monarch Plaster Co. began production for the first time in 1906 from its mine situated at Wheatland, Monroe co. Exploratory operations have been under way also near Leroy and Oakfield, Genesee co. IRON ORE The revival of interest in iron ore mining noted in the preceding issue of this report has continued to exert a very favorable influence upon the industry of the State. A larger number of mines have been active during the past year than at any time since the memor- able depression immediately following 1890 which brought about the abandonment of most of the local enterprises. The production, also, has shown a satisfactory gain, and with the increment that will be contributed by the new undertakings when they are under full headway, it should undergo still further expansion. Altogether there were I1 companies engaged in mining operations. This number includes only those reporting a commercial production of ore. There were several other companies that had properties under exploration or development, and some of them will begin shipment during the current year. The accompanying table gives the annual production of iron ore for the period of 1890-1906 inclusive. The statistics covering the years previous to 1904 are taken from the volumes of the Mineral Resources published by the United States Geological Survey, while those for 1904 and subsequent years have been collected at this office. Production of iron ore in New York State ! MAGNETITE} HEMATITE | LIMONITE |CARBONATE TOTAL ' | Value YEAR = |————_ |__| ——_c_ —c—————| Total value per ton Long tons | Long tons | Long tons | Long tons | Long tons 1890 O45 O71 196 035 30 968 Me, SOY Ihe Oe! BOKP | oo dioadadoia Il “oneoc 1891 782 720 T53)) 728 Rep age DMO N20 TIO 22) T On barter cnc checcmenen te ao ncunt 1892 648 564 I24 800 53 694 64 O41 891 099 | $2 379 267 | $2 67 1893 440 693 15 890 35 592 AI 947 534 122 I 222°934 2 20 ae Ee arsine Ge | ue eon Se he Sala cde Oiler e iCall cece ic 1895 260 139 6 769 26 462 13 886 | 307 256 598 313 I 95 1896 346 o15 Io 789 I2 288 16 385 385 477 780 932 2 03 1897 296 722 7 664 20 059 II 280 335 725 642 838 I QI 1898 HES Aku 6 400 I4 000 4 900 179 951 35° 999 m OF 1899 344 159 45 503 31 975 240153 443 790 I 241 985 2 80 1900 345 714 44 467 44 891 6 413 A4I 485 I 103 817 2 50 IQOr 329 467 66 389 23 362 I 000 420 218 I 006 231 2 39 I902 45I 570 QI 075 12 676 Nil] 555 321 I 362 987 2 45 1903 A5I 481 83 820 5 159 Nil] 540 460 I 209 899 2 24 1904 559 575 54 128 5 000 Nil} 619 103 I 328 894 RG 1905 739 736 79 313 8 000 Nil] 827 049 2 576 123 Sy ar 1906 417 365 187 002 I 000 Nil] 905 367 3 393 609 3 75 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The total shipments reported by the mines in 1906 amounted to 905,307 long tons valued at $3,393,609. Compared with the pre- vious year this was an increase of 78,318 tons or about 9 per cent. The production was more than double that reported for 1901 and was the largest for any year since 1891. Classified as to variety the shipments consisted of 717,365 tons of magnetite, 187,002 tons of hematite and 1000 tons of limonite. Of the magnetite 479,644 tons were marketed in the form of con- centrates with an approximate content of 65 per cent iron. The ~ 237,721 tons of lump magnetite included in the total are estimated to average 60 per cent. The hematite and limonite range from 40 to 60 per cent, with an average probably of 45 per cent. The magnetite concentrates were made from 729,091 tons of crude ore. Using that figure for a basis of calculation, the total quantity of ore hoisted from New York mines in 1906 was 1,154,814 long tons. In 1905 the quantity was 1,109,385 long tons. The magnetite was derived mainly from the Adirondack region. The producers included Witherbee, Sherman & Co. and the Port Henry Iron Ore Co. at Mineville; the Arnold Mining Co. at Arnold; and the Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co. at Lyon Mountain. The Salis- bury Steel & Iron Co. made a small output in connection with the development of their mine at Salisbury. In southeastern New York the Hudson Iron Co., which took over the Forest of Dean mine in -1905, began shipments. It has been the only producer in that section. Of the total quantity of hematite reported the mines in the Clinton formation contributed a little more than half. The Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. and C. A. Borst at Clinton and the Furnaceville Iron Co. at-Ontario operated the mines. The remainder of the hematite came from St Lawrence and Jefferson counties where the Rossie Iron Ore Co. and the Old Sterling Iron Co. were active. The single producer of limonite was the Amenia Co. at Amenia, Dutchess co. ; The Fair Haven Iron Ore Co. was engaged in developing its prop- erties near Sterling Station, Cayuga co., but produced only small quantities for trial purposes. It will begin commercial shipments this year. In the Adirondack region, the exploration of the titaniferous magnetites near Lake Sanford, Essex co., has attracted much atten- tion. It has been known for many years that the ore bodies are of enormous extent, and the recent tests have confirmed and added to the previous estimates. The sticcessful issue of the enterprise must depend of course upon the metallurgical factor, which has hitherto THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 31 deterred iron manufacturers from attempting to utilize the ore in blast furnaces. It is the purpose of the present company to carry out a thorough investigation with a view to finding a commercial outlet for the ore. Considerable quantities of the ore have been mined and shipped for experiment to furnaces and to the magnetite concentrators at Mineville. The Cheever mine near Port Henry, Essex co., is to be reopened. The mine which has been closed down for about 15 years has been equipped with pumps for unwatering the underground workings. It is planned to erect a concentrator during the present season, The Benson mines in St Lawrence county have been taken over by new parties who will begin mining operations during the current year. It is intended at the start to use the old mill, after the neces- sary improvements have been made, but a new one will be erected if warranted by the developments. The Hammondville district in Essex county has been under ex- ploration by the Oliver Iron Mining Co. A magnetic survey was carried out, and the ground further tested by the diamond drill. The results have shown the existence of ore bodies hitherto unworked, but the reserves thus far found have not been sufficient to warrant a renewal of mining operations. Notes on recent mining developments Mineville. The production from this district was curtailed to some extent by a temporary suspension of operations on the part of the Port Henry Iron Ore Co. A slide of rock and earth last spring partly filled the large open pit in mine “21” and prevented access underground through the inclined shaft at the bottom. The shaft was retimbered and restored, but no ore was taken out for several months. Work in the pit has been discontinued. The com- pany has started a new shaft in order to forestall any further trouble from similar sources. It is located 500 feet south of the present One and east of the Bonanza shaft of Witherbee, Sherman & Co. which is on the same ore body. - Mining was continued by Witherbee, Sherman & Co. in the five shafts worked during the preceding year, comprising the Joker and Bonanza on the Old Bed, A and B shafts on the Harmony ore body and Cook shaft. The two mills for treating the ore have likewise been in commission.. Exploration work has been prosecuted by the company with little interruption, and the available ore supplies are well ahead of the production. The results obtained by diamond 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM drilling on the Old Bed have been particularly favorable. The extension of the deposit to the south has been practically established for a distance of several hundred feet beyond the present limits of the workings. With the enormous development shown by the ore body in cross-section, every foot added to its longitudinal extent means an important addition to the ore reserves. The construction of a new power plant was begun by Witherbee, Sherman & Co. during 1906. The building is situated on the lake side at Port Henry, and is constructed of concrete made of cement and mill tailings. It will supply 800 kw. A 6 mile trans- mission line will connect the plant with the mines. This increment to the power supply will enable the company to enlarge considerably its mining operations. Lyon Mountain. The mines were continuously active during 1906 and their output has been larger than for several years past. The increase has been made possible by the erection of a new mill which has doubled the former capacity for concentrating the ore and which was placed in operation for the first time during the summer. Other additions to the plant have been in course of construction, including the installation of a central power station, air compressors, new trackage, and houses for the miners. The new mill was designed for the treatment of 1200 tons crude ore a day or 50 tons an hour. ‘The results thus far obtained show that under normal conditions it is capable of a considerable larger output. It also effects an important saving in the item of labor. The concentrates turned out run about 63 per cent iron. In the old mill about 6 per cent of iron was lost in the tailings, while now the latter carry only 4 per cent as an average.! The central power station when completed will have a capacity of 3000 h.p. It is to replace the small power plants that are dis- tributed among the different shafts and the old separator. The first third of the station developing 1000 h.p. has been completed and put in operation. It supplies power to the new mill through a 500 kw. generator directly connected to a Curtis turbine. In the same room is installed a cross-compound two stage air compressor for furnishing air to the drills. As described in the issue of the bulletin for 1905, the mines at Lyon Mountain are very extensive. The ore bodies form a prac- tically continuous belt from 5 to 6 miles long. Mining at present is i1¢ 197, 1906. 1 Consult article by D. H. Newland and N. V. Hansell, in Eng. & Min. Jour., Nov. ro ye . i THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 33 confined to the central part of the belt for a distance of about 2000 feet along the outcrop. There are three parallel veins in this part. The principal underground workings are the Hall slope and the adjacent nos. 3, 4 and 5 slopes situated on the front vein. The greatest depth reached is about 1400 feet on the incline, or 800 feet vertically. In the bottom of the Hall slope the horizontal drifts are about 200 feet wide. On the back vein the Burden and Cannon open pits, southeast of the slopes named, have continued to furnish a large quantity of ore. The furnace oi the Northern Iron Co., located at Standish near Lyon Mountain, is run on concentrates from these mines, the pro- duct being low phosphorus pig iron that finds a special market. Shipments of concentrates are also made to Pennsylvania furnaces. Arnold hill, The Arnold Mining Co. closed down its mines and mill during the summer. ‘Though the ore resources can not be regarded as exhausted, it was found difficult to maintain the pro- duction at a rate that would supply the mill for continuous run- ning. The ore body that has been mined is irregular and showed evidences of pinching out in depth. There are several other de- posits on Arnold hill, as well as on the adjacent hill to the east, from which an adequate output for the mill might be derived if propery developed. Cheever mine. It is expected to begin ore shipments once more from this mine during the present year. The property has been inactive since 1893. According to the plans drawn up by Mr O. S. Presbrey, the owner, the Weldon shaft on the south end of the ore outcrop will be first reopened. There is known to be a quantity of ore still unworked in this. section. A mill will be erected near the shaft for concentrating the leaner magnetite that has been stocked on the surface from previous operations and of which much remains in the mine. The ore previously shipped consisted entirely of lump material running 60 per cent or over in iron. The Cheever mine is situated about 2 miles north of Port Henry close to the shore of Lake Champlain. It is based on a series of deposits that can be traced along the strike for nearly.a mile. For a few hundred feet from the outcrop the ore dips sharply to the west or southwest, but then continues nearly horizontal, slightly rising in places, toward the ridge of gabbro which cuts it off on the west. It is frequentiy faulted and intersected by dikes. The old workings are said to cover an area of goacres. The deposits range up to 20 feet thick. 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The ore in appearance and composition is much like that from the Mineville deposits. It is, however, lower in phosphorus than the Old Bed product, with an iron content of from 63 to 65 per cent. The shipments are reported by Smock to have amounted in all. to 800,000 tons. Lake ‘Sanford. The property formerly owned by the McIn- tyre Iron Co., comprising over 100 square miles in western Essex county within which the Lake Sanford titaniferous magnetite de- posits are located, has been taken over by parties for the purpose of exploration and development. The new company has been organ- ized by Mr W. T. Foote, who is actively identified with its manage- ment. It is to be known as the Tahawus Iron Ore Co. Explora- tory work has been under way throughout the past year. The Lake Sanford ore bodies are the largest of their kind in the Adirondacks and undoubtedly rank among the largest deposits of iron ore in the entire country. They were first made known to the public through the descriptions of Professor Emmons in his reports on the Survey of the Second Geological District. They have since been investigated by Prof. J. F. Kemp,! who has given a very full account of their geology as well as of their mineralogical and chemical characters. The diamond drill tests made during the past year have demon- strated that the ore bodies, which have hitherto been known only from outcrop, extend to considerable depths and that there are enormous resources of ore available for easy extraction. On the Sanford deposit the drills have shown as much as 360 feet of ore, and they have nowhere passed into the foot wall. This ore body was prospected by Professor Emmons who, as a result of his obser- vations which have been recorded with much detail, estimated that it contained over 6,000,000 tons of ore within a distance of 2 feet below the adjoining surface. The bounds of the deposit as known to him have been greatly extended by subsequent investigations. The ore from this locality is a coarse titaniferous magnetite. It is nearly free from admixed minerals of the wall rock, except on the borders where more or less feldspar and pyroxene are present. The deposit is well situated for working, as it outcrops along the sides and crest of a hill which rises about 300 feet above the shore of Lake Sanford. Quarry methods can be used here to advantage. The recent exploration has disclosed the existence of an area of ore-bearing ground north and west of Calamity brook, near the dic itaniferous Iron Ores of the Adirondacks. U.S. Geol. Sur. r9th An. Rep’t, pt III, THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 35 outlet of Lake Henderson. The tract lies without the limits of the deposits that have been previously described. Though much of the ore is mixed with rock there are large bodies of practically solid magnetite of a quality not inferior to the Sanford ore. The following is a record of one of the drill holes. Feet Inches Lean ore, consisting of disseminated magnetite with Mauser AC DVL OXEME foc is0 seo. eos edie esis 6 wo, eiebe eon ete, EO ® 248 EMS ch SOF sos. GS oly go toelels ube k ee ee ys hee 30 6 See ATNOTE IMIXEd 2) ie ok ok cas ole ae Mes 15 a MM MEE Vee yg Wess Hleia gsc hid vei dia)s tine oe min 33 6 SMe SOMG OLE. 5 ca en ee ee ee eee oe II 1 © co, LR 36 shen ciGe ASR AiR 2 re Pr 12 MMEMEIGIBICATI ORCS Gioia. oe oe Or ate bes he ee eles 8 fpamemreraltcmnatine with Tock: /.. 2.1.0... eee ee ee ee IO 7 SRE ec aio ek Sa ene ease wl ise © eS oee 2 ee 5 144 IY The Cheney ore bed west of Lake Sanford and the several de- posits between Lakes Sanford and Henderson are known to be extensive. An interesting feature that has been brought out by recent ex- perimentation with the ores is the possibility of reducing the titan- ium by mill treatment. It has been established that in some cases at least this element is not uniformly distributed in chemical com- bination with the iron, as has been advanced by some writers. By crushing the ore to fine size and passing over magnets, a process like that used in the concentration of nontitaniferous magnetites, it is found that a separation can be made into a strongly magnetic portion and a residuum that is very weakly magnetic. The magnetic material shows on analysis a smaller content of titanium than the average of the ore used in the experiment, the content decreasing with the fineness to which the ore has beencrushed. The weakly magnetic portion, which passes into the tailings, contains on the other hand an increased proportion of this element. The experi- ments seem to prove beyond all doubt that in such cases the ore consists of a mechanical mixture of two minerals, one of which is magnetite, with only a small amount of titanium, and the other a titanium-bearing iron oxid that is probably ilmenite. With the Sanford ore, it has been found that the titanium can be brought down to a limit where the utilization of the concentrates in the blast 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM furnace appears to be practicable. It may be pointed out that prac- tically all of the so called nontitaniferous magnetites of the Adiron- dacks, as probably elsewhere, carry titanium, though the amount, of course, is small, usually less than I per cent. Besides the possibility of concentration, it is not unlikely that a portion of the titaniferous ore can be used in crude state. Analyses show that the titanium is extremely variable. Some ores from the district contain only about 5 or 6 per cent, so that by mixing with ores free from titanium the percentage could be reduced to a frac- tion of that amount. The open-hearth process of steel making furnishes another possible outlet. The Lake Sanford deposits are situated in the interior of the Adirondacks, on the slopes of the rugged mountain group centering around Mt Marcy. Their elevation of outcrop averages about 2000 feet above sea level. The nearest railroad point is North Creek, about 30 miles distant. The problem of transportation is thus a critical one; the construction of a branch railroad is now under consideration. Forest of Dean. The Hudson Iron Co. began active mining at this locality during 1906. The company took over the mine in October 1905, but as the work of unwatering and reequipping ex- tended over several months, no shipments were made until the following summer. The Forest of Dean mine is situated 5 miles west of Fort Mont- gomery, Orange co. It has the longest record as a producer, prob- ably, of any mine in the country that is now under operation. Ac- cording to Beck it was worked as early as 1756. In the period from 1865 to 1894, when it was under the ownership of the Forest of Dean Iron Ore Co., the production amounted to over 500,000 tons. The ore body consists of an immense shoot that is apparently folded upon itself into a synclinal, the two wings of which extend to the surface. The wall rock and ore dip steeply southeast, while the latter pitches to the northeast. The horse of gneiss separating the two wings of the fold wedges out with depth. Access to the underground workings is had through a slope driven on the foot wall. The slope has been carried to a distance of 1700 feet from the surface and a vertical depth of 700 feet. The ore is a rich magnetite of non-Bessemer character. An analy- sis quoted from Smock’s s report shows the following percentages : Ion: oxid, (Fe, O.aii hott eae earn ees cero 83.56 Saliica: .(SiQs ii vaete Hs pee Bee atic oleh air ema 5.00 Phosphoric anhydrid (P.O... en 2s aoe 2:30 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 a7. =. snitinie) (LENE QUE) a ie rane ava etry oie AA Case Ps ate BG meimoanous omid ( Win@) 002. ee 63 nulnit (Cel O))) ik caress seal ieeapler a i enasnnon paPnisuntar ag aay? 5-51 Ree erase (NICO) ee ge chs alee cial es os net e I.19 Pemeroerioxid (CO o) oo. oe. Shes ese oem es 1.05 Bereta ClO) cha e sce he ae ts NR ie At AE . 20 99. 44 The company owns a furnace at Secaucus, N. J., to which the ore is shipped. In order to reach the Hudson river, a tramroad 4 miles long has been built. At the terminal of the road the ore — is loaded into the buckets of an aerial rope conveyor, 6300 feet long, which carries it to the dock at Fort Montgomery where there is a 1000-ton storage bin. The power for driving the air compressor and pump at the mine is taken from the adjacent Popolopen creek. Caledonia mine. This mine situated in the hematite district of St Lawrence and Jefferson counties has been operated in recent years by the Rossie Iron Ore Co. It has furnished altogether prob- ably 500,000 tons of ore. The record for the past year has been a very creditable one, the output having been more than double that for 1905, while large resources have been opened for future exploita- _ tion. The company has recently enlarged and improved its surface plant which will enable it to increase the production still further. The ore is a fairly rich soft hematite, running from 50 to over 60 per cent in iron. Its quality seems to improve somewhat with the progress of mining in depth. It carries a relatively high proportion of lime which with its ex- cellent physical character makes it very adaptable to furnace treat- ment. A rough sorting is required to remove admixed rock, and about one fourth of the material hoisted is thus rejected at the sur- face. An analysis! of shipping ore shows the following chemical constituents : LDS (IPCI) said Lane ae Rae arr Ae er ree B2E7E eRe MEIGCHCM EN Pacer NN C2 oie heh LN asia ak 10.12 2a!) Canin 2. CAM AG) SR Pea 7.04 Mimeemois oxid (Mnu@) 0260.) fete ah 1.69 Reem @e Oe ris Maier de ales Bal s Seok eels 2 7.04 Piemestan (WIS)! ss.. ie eee ee Dees ae eis 0.38 Waonmaiomid (COA)... io oS. ae eae We 5-41 Sul bere (CSS) gS Sea eae ane Se PO Rn ACD .03 1 See article by Robert B. Brinsmade, Eng. & Min. Jour. Sept. 15, 1906. 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM From an average of several determinations, the phosphorus may be placed at about .5 per cent. The ore occurrence furnishes an interesting example of the re- placement type of deposits. The associated rocks are crystalline limestone and schists of Precambric (Grenville) age and Potsdam sandstone. The Precambrics have a northeasterly strike and a variable dip generally to the southeast. They are overlain by the sandstone with a marked erosional unconformity at the base. The dip and strike of the sandstone are subject to rapid changes from place to place, though it usually lies more nearly horizontal than the other formations. The limestone and schist form an interbedded series that is seem- ingly conformable. Alternating belts of the two rocks occur across the strike, the repetition being due probably to successive folds with northeast-southwest axes. The schist is a quartzose graphitic variety, finely laminated as a rule. It doubtless represents an original silicious shale that contained considerable carbonaceous matter. Secondary alteration, apparently connected with the process of ore formation, has resulted in the development of chlorite from the silicates, forming a chlorite schist. This is locally called ser- pentine, but there is very little true serpentine present, so far as observed. The chlorite schist is always closely associated with the ore. ! In many places the sandstone capping is notably altered at the ~ base. It is decomposed to a soft iron-stained material, at times carrying a fairly large percentage of hematite and grading into the ore bodies below. At the Caledonia mine the deposits follow the contact between a belt of limestone which constitutes the foot wall and an overlying © belt of schist. They have a pronounced irregular often sinuous form, with bulges and pinches along the strike and dip. They fre- quently branch and run off for some distance into the hanging and foot walls. The limestone along the contact has been dissolved out to form deep cavities and these may be filled with ore. Horses of both limestone and schist are not infrequently encountered in the midst of the deposits. The workings do not appear to have pene- trated anywhere the Potsdam, though it occurs on the hanging side within probably 100 feet of the edge of the limestone. Where seen on the surface above the workings it has a high dip to the east. The tilting has been due probably to settling of the surface owing to removal of the limestone by solution. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 39 There are abundant evidences that the ore deposits have origi- nated by a process of replacement. The cores of schist show grada- tion from the central unaltered nuclei outward into the rich hema- tite. Specimens of the ore may be found that still show the band- ing and cleavage characteristic of the schist. The presence of graphite, which would naturally be the most resistant of the minerals to solvent action, furnishes a clue to the origin of the ore even when all the other primary constituents have been removed. ‘The rela- tively high percentages of silica and lime in the ore are likewise suggestive in that connection. As to the source from which the ore has been derived, Prof. C. H. Smyth?! jr has given an explanation that accords best with the geological phenomena surrounding the occurrence. Though based principally on observations made at the Old Sterling mine, the theory is equally applicable to the Caledonia ore body and in fact to all of the deposits in the district. Briefly stated, it ascribes the formation of the ore to the circulation of underground waters which have dis- solved the iron-bearing minerals from the adjacent rocks and de- posited their burden in the form of oxid and carbonate when they came in contact with the limestone. The source of the iron is to be traced to the presence of pyrite and magnetite in the schist. There are bands of schist impregnated with pyrite in the vicinity of the Caledonia mine, as weil as at the Dickson and Old Sterling mines. These pyritic bands are developed on a large scale throughout the Grenville schists of St Lawrence county and have for a number of years been the object of mining. By oxidation, the iron would be brought into solution as ferrous and ferric sulfates. Free sulfuric acid would also result and would react upon the veins and dissemina- tions of magnetite in the schist. On coming in contact with the limestone, the solutions would be decomposed, the iron being pre- cipitated as carbonate or limonite, while at the same time the lime carbonate would pass into solution. _ By subsequent alteration the carbonate and limonite have been changed to hematite. Residual masses of unaltered carbonate are occasionally found in the Cale- donia mine. The iron has been precipitated in part in the body of the schist, without the agency of limestone. Dickson mine. The Old Sterling Iron Co. has recently re- opened this property, which has been inoperative for several years. The mine is situated on the southwestern end of the belt in which t N. Y. State Mus. 47th An. Rep’t, 1894. p. 692. 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the Caledonia and Old Sterling deposits are located, about a mile from the latter. It was first worked in 1858. The ore is an earthy hematite, occurring within graphitic schist. There is no limestone exposed in the workings and this rock does not appear to be present in the immediate vicinity. The deposits occupy zones of replacement following the bedding planes of the schist. The dip is to the northwest in an opposite direction to that at the Caledonia mine. The workings have reached a depth of 160 feet on the dip, and range from 10 to 4o feet wide. Ore has been mined in the past from several pits between the Old Sterling and Dickson mines. There are good opportunities for exploration in the vicinity, as well as in the interval between the Old Sterling and the Caledonia mines. All of the deposits practically that are known have been located by surface outcrops. Their aggre- gate extent is small compared with the body of the schist, and it is not at all improbable that ore bodies may be found beneath the drift-covered areas. Tests with the dip needie show that the ore bodies have no appreciable magnetic properties, so that exploration would have to be carried on by costeaning or drilling. The thick- ness of the drift, judging from sections exposed in the district, is nowhere very great, probably less than 50 feet in most places. The Clinton hematite BY iC. (A. FEARTNAGEE The Clinton ores occur as beds in the Clinton formation and extend for a distance of about 120 miles, from Herkimer county as far west as Monroe county. In the eastern section there are present two and some times three beds of ore. The lower oolitic bed is about 8 inches thick and is not at present worked, though in charac- ter it is very similar to the oolitic bed occurring 2 feet higher, which is the only one of the three beds now exploited. The lower politic bed is quite local in distribution and is definitely known only on the property of the Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. The upper bed, locally known as “ red flux,” is found 24 feet higher. This bed is 5 feet thick and is strictly a fossil.ore, consisting largely of bryo- zoan fragments and lacking oolites which are so characteristic of the lower beds. The analysis of the upper bed gives about 30% iron, which is too low to be profitably employed at present. In the western section only one bed of ore is found. It here combines the character of the “ red flux ”’ and oolitic beds of the east- THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 4I ern section, in that it is made up partly of fossil fragments and partly of oolites. Its stratigraphic position in relation to the beds of the eastern section is not definitely known though it appears to be most closely related to the lower or oolitic beds. The dip of the Clinton formation varies from 50 to 100 feet per mile and throughout its extent from Herkimer county to Monroe county contains one or more beds of ore. If only a single bed with an average thickness of 20 inches is used as a basis for calculation, the quantity of ore available in each mile of outcrop and an equal distance on the dip amounts in round figures to 5,000,000 long tons. Furnaceville Iron Co. This company is engaged in mining ore near Ontario Center, Wayne co. The open cut method for mining the ore is here used to good advantage. The overlying soil and rock, 18 to 20 feet thick, are first loosened by blasting and then removed with steam shovels and revolving derricks. To loosen the soil and rock, holes extending downward through the capping and 3 inches into the ore are made with churn drills. The holes are 16 feet apart, the first row being drilled 6 feet from the edge of the trench. The loosened material is removed by steam shovels which drop the material into the buckets of the derricks which convey it to the spoil banks, opposite the long face of the trench and just beyond the edge of the ore which is being cleared of its overburden. Two sets of steam shovels and derricks, working in parallel and along the strike of the bed clear the ore for a width of 60 feet. A layer of limestone, 15 to 18 inches thick, remains on the ore which is not readily removed by the steam shovels. This is blasted away or removed by hand. The ore which is 22 inches thick is loosened by. blasting. Steam drills are used and the holes are about 3 feet apart and 3 feet back from the edge of the ore. The drill holes extend about 3 inches into the underlying argillaceous limestone. A small amount of the latter comes off with the ore but it is readily removed. The ore is broken with hammers into convenient size for handling. The ore is then loaded into buckets holding about 2% tons. A derrick carries the buckets directly to the cars which stand on a branch track of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad. The track is located on the edge of the trench on the side opposite the spoil bank, and is moved back whenever a new working’ face is established along the strike. About 16 buckets of ore are needed for a car of 80,000 pounds. The ore is shipped to Emporium, Pa. Wolcott. The Clinton ore was formerly mined near Wolcott. 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 24 miles east of Ontario. A furnace was in operation there as early as 1824. It is no longer in operation, the last blast having been made in 1869. The ore for the furnace was obtained in town- ship 41, near Black creek, about 4 miles east from the furnace. The overburden is said to consist of 20 feet of soil and rock, the ore being 30.inches thick. ‘The section is no longer accessible for meas- urement. A small amount of ore was also obtained just below the furnace along Wolcott creek. At present the ore shows a thick- ness of 14 inches, but as it lies immediately beneath surface soil, it undoubtedly represents but a part of the thickness of the original ore bed. Fair Haven Iron Co. Ten miles northeast from Wolcott, the Fair Haven Iron Co. has recently begun to take out ore by the open cut method. The holdings of the company consist of 280 acres located at Sterling Station, Cayuga co. The opening for the ore is 400 yards southwest of the station and adjacent to the railroad tracks. The operations are conducted on the opposite side of the railroad from the old workings of the Furnaceville Iron Co. A siding from the railroad leads directly to the workings. The equip- ment of the company consists of one 60-ton Marion steam shovel, one 15-ton locomotive crane, two derricks, one 30-h.p. boiler, etc. The company is at present engaged in excavating a trench along the strike of the ore. No large amount of ore has been taken out, but the company will begin shipping during the current year. Clinton. All the operations now carried on at Clinton for the production of ore are by drifting. The open-cut method was abandoned principally because of the increasing thickness of the overburden. The mining operations at Clinton are at present carried on by the Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. and Mr C. A. Borst. The former company operates what were formerly known as the Franklin and Clinton mines. The operations of Mr Borst are carried on a short distance farther north at the two beds known as the Elliott and the Butler. At both of the mines at Clinton the long wall method of working isused. Briefly this plan consists of a main gangway with branches so arranged that a space of 50 feet can be worked on each side of them. In mining, the working face is kept a short distance ahead of the gangway. When a working face is established the ore is obtained by drilling diagonally from the top of the bed. Upon blasting, the front and lower portion of the ore is thrown out. The ore is THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 43 trimmed in the mine and loaded into the mine cars. The remaining ore and enough of the overlying shale is then removed by drilling horizontally and blasting, so as to give sufficient hight for the miners to work. The ore varies from 30 to 36 inches in these mines so that about 18 to 24 inches of shale is removed. The waste from the ore and all the shale removed goes into the gob. The roof is further secured by timbering. The posts are placed parallel to the working face and from 5 to 10 feet apart depending upon the nature of the roof. The ore is hauled from the mine workings on cars. In the Frank- lin Iron Manufacturing Co.’s mines the cars are drawn by mules. In the Borst mine, steel cars with roller bearings are used; the grade in the mine is so slight that they can be operated by hand. In this mine steel rails connected by fish plates are used. The track rests directly on the rock so that in reality it serves as a portable railway. in the Franklin mines ventilation is made more perfect by means of a central air shaft. The product of the Borst mines goes principally to paint manu- facturers. The ore from the Franklin mines is smelted at the com- pany’s furnace at Franklin Springs about 2 miles south from the mines. MILLSTONES Millstones are obtained in Ulster county. The industry is a small one, but it has been established for more than a century and still furnishes most of the millstones made in this country. The product “is known as Esopus stone, Esopus being the early name for Kings- ton, once the principal point of shipment. The millstones are quarried from the Shawangunk grit, a light gray quartz conglomerate found along the Shawangunk mountain from near High Falls southwest toward the Pennsylvania border. The Cacalico stone obtained in Lancaster county, Pa., and the Brush mountain stone, found in Montgomery county, Va., are of similar character. In Ulster county the grit rests upon the eroded surface of gray Hudson River shales and is overlain by red shale. It has generally been correlated with the Oneida conglomerate of central New York, though recent investigations have shown that it belongs higher up in the series, namely in the Salina. Its thickness ranges from 50 to 200 feet. The grit is composed of quartz pebbles of milky color inclosed in a silicious matrix. The pebbles are more or less rounded and vary from a fraction of an inch up to 2 inches in diameter. The texture is an important factor in determining the value and particular use of the finished millstones. 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The size of the stones marketed ranges from 15 to go inches. The greater demand is for the smaller and medium sizes, with diameters of 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 inches. A pair of 30-inch millstones com- monly sells for $15, while $50 may be paid for a single stone 60 inches in diameter. The largest sizes bring from $50 to $100. Besides the common type of millstones, disks are furnished which are employed in a roll type of crusher known as a chaser. The pavement of such crushers is also supplied by the quarrymen, in the formof blocks. Quartz, feldspar and barytes are commonly ground in chasers. Most of the Ulster county quarries are situated along the north- ern edge of the Shawangunk mountain. Kyserike, St Josen, Granite and Kerhonkson are the principal centers of the industry while the distributing points include New Paltz and Kingston in addition to those named. The industry is carried on intermittently, many of the producers engaging in other occupations during a part of the year. The market for millstones has been curtailed of late years by the introduction of rolls, ball mills and other improved forms of grind- ing machinery. The roller mill process has displaced the old type of cereal mills, particularly in grinding wheat. The small corn mills distributed throughout the southern states, however, still use millstones arid furnish one of the important markets for the New York quarries. A part of the product is sold also to cement and talc manufacturers. The production of millstones in 1906 amounted to a value of | $22,442, or nearly the same as in the previous year when a valuation of $22,944 was reported. The production in 1904 was valued at $21,476. MINERAL PAING The term mineral paint is here used to designate the natural min- eral colors obtained by grinding an ore or rock. The materials suitable for this purpose that are found in New York State include iron ore, shale, slate and ocher. For metallic paint and mortar colors some form of iron ore, gen- erally hematite or limonite, is commonly employed, but only a few localities are known where the ore possesses the requisite qualities of color and durability. The fossil hematite from the Clinton forma- tion is perhaps most widely used in this country. The mines owned by C. A. Borst at Clinton, Oneida co., and those of the Furnaceville Iron Co. at Ontario, Wayne co., supply much of the crude material. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 45 The red hematite mined by the Rossie Iron Ore Co. at Rossie, St Lawrence co., also yields a good metallic paint. Mineral paint made from shale and slate is quite extensively used for wooden structures. When there is a considerable percentage of iron oxids present, the shale and slate may be sold for metallic paint. Their value depends largely upon the depth and durability of their color; but the degree of natural fineness and the amount of oil re- quired in mixing must also be considered in determining their utility. At Randolph, Cattaraugus co., beds of green, brown and bluish shale occur in the Chemung formation. They are worked by the Elko Paint Co. In years past red shale has been obtained in Herkimer county from the Vernon beds at the base of the Salina. A similar material occurring in the Catskill series has been worked at Roxbury, Delaware co. The red slate of Washington county, which belongs in the Cambric, is also ground for paint. The Algonquin Red Slate Co. of Worcester, Mass., and A. J. Hurd of Eagle Bridge produce this material. A product known as mineral black is made by grinding slate found in the Hudson River series. The ferruginous clay called ocher occurs quite commonly in the State, but no deposits are exploited at present. A bed occurring on Crane mountain, Washington co., once supplied a considerable quantity. Sienna, a variety of ocher, occurs near Whitehall. The deposit is a thin stratum in glacial drift and has been worked on a small scale. In addition to the producers above mentioned, the Clinton Metallic Paint Co. of Clinton, and the William Connors Paint Manufacturing Co. of Troy, are engaged in the manufacture of mineral paints from New York materials. The production of mineral paints in 1906 was as follows: metallic paint and mortar color 2714 short tons valued at $29,140; slate pigment 2045 short tons valued at $15,960. In the year 1905 the following quantities were reported: metallic paint and mortar color, 6059 short tons, valued at $70,090; slate pigment, 2929 short tons valued at $22,668. These quantities include only the output made within the State from local materials. A part of the crude material is shipped each year to points outside of the State for manufacture. An output of 9382 tons valued at $22,949 was reported by four firms who sell the crude ore or rock to paint grinders. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NATURAL GAS There are 15 counties in the State in which natural gas was pro- duced for lighting and heating purposes during the past year. The ' principal supplies were derived from the fields in Allegany, Cat- taraugus, Chautauqua and Erie. counties, the aggregate value of their output being about 85% of that for the whole State. It is gratifying to note that the production reported from the different fields, with some exceptions, has been gradually increasing of late years. This is due in part, no doubt, to the greater care with which the supply is now conserved and utilized, as compared with the wasteful methods once used; but it would also appear that the natural re- sources are not in danger of rapid exhaustion. The gas pools are found at several horizons in the geological column, ranging from the Potsdam sandstone in the Cambric to the Chemung and Portage shales and sandstones of the Devonic. As a rule there is a definite horizon for each field, though some wells have yielded gas at different depths and from various rock formations. The Trenton limestone seems to be the lowest of the prolific strata from which gas has been obtained in large quantity. It affords the main supply in the wells of Oswego and Onondaga counties. The Medina sandstone has come into prominence lately by reason of the large pools that have been found in it in Erie county, now the most productive of the State. The wells recently put down at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., are also bottomed in the Medina. The Portage and Chemung strata yield most of the gas produced at other localities along the shore of Lake Erie in Chautauqua co., and practically the entire output of Cattaraugus and Allegany counties. One of the leading developments of the past year has been the opening of a promising field at Pavilion, in the southeastern part of Genesee county. Five wells were drilled by the Pavilion Natural Gas Co., and are reported to have given indications of a flow amount- ing to Over 2,000,000 cubic feet a day. They are located on the Starr and Hooker farms. It is intended to driil additional wells during the present year. The company furnishes gas to the village of Pavilion and has laid a pipe line to Leroy for the purpose of supply- ing that place. A second company was formed and secured leases within the village where it drilled four wells, of which all but one were dry. The gas is found at a depth of from 1700 to 1850 feet in what is believed to be the Medina sandstone. A bed of rock salt 84 feet thick was penetrated in well no. 2 of the Pavilion Natural Gas Co. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 47 At Seneca Falls, Seneca co., a well drilled by H. W. Knight en- countered gas at 1450 feet. It was continued to a depth of 1617 feet, giving a flow estimated at 20,000 cubic feet a day. Several wells have been drilled for oil and gas in the vicinity of Dansville, Livingston co., during the past few years without any success. Further exploration has been undertaken at a locality about 4 miles south of the village, and has resulted in the discovery of a gas horizon at 1200 feet. It is intended to continue drilling to 2500 feet. The Cherry Creek Oil Co. located a very successful well near Cherry Creek, in eastern Chautauqua county. The flow at the out- set was above 500,000 cubic feet and has averaged about 150,000 cubic feet a day. The gas is used in Cherry Creek. The Frost Gas Co. of Fredonia, Chautauqua co., and the Welch Gas Co. of Westfield in the same county are new Sradiieene! The wells owned by the former company are situated at Sheridan. The Welch Gas Co. drilled one well to a depth of 2355 feet when a pool was encountered which gave a measured flow of 235,000 cubic feet a day, afterwards settling down to 100,000 cubic feet. The horizon is said to be the white Medina sandstone. The well is located in Westfield and has been connected with the village mains. The company has a second well under way which had reached a depth of 2000 feet at the close of the year. The gas field at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., which was first opened in 1904, continues to be very productive. It supplies Dun- kirk, Forestville and Silver Creek. The South Shore Gas Co. and the Silver Creek Gas & Improvement Co. handle the output. In Steuben county the North Side Gas & Oil Co. has been en- gaged in exploration at Ferenbaugh, 4 miles north of Corning. A flow of about 25,000 cubic feet was struck in the first well at a depth of 250 feet. The company will continue operations. At Keuka a test well was put down on the farm owned by E. Newman, resulting in the discovery of small pockets at depths from 60 to 210 feet. Owing to an inrush of water the well has not been com- mercially productive. The Tusco Oil, Mineral & Gas Co., operating at Woodhull, reported the discovery of gas, though no attempt was made to utilize the flow. Yates county reported an output of gas for the first time in 1906. The Rushville Mining & Gas Co. drilled two wells during the preceding year which supply the village of Rushville. The occurrence of natural gas near Voorheesville, Albany co., may be recorded, though there has been no commercial production. A 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM well drilled for water cpened a pocket in the Hudson River shales at 150 feet depth. ‘The flow rapidly diminished. Production. The value of the output of natural gas in 1906, as reported by the individual producers and pipe line companies, was $766,579. In 1905 the output was valued at $607,000 and in 1904 at $552,197. The gain for the year was thus about 26 per cent, while in the last years there has been an increase of nearly 50 per cent. The quantity of gas produced in 1906 amounted to 3,007,086,000 cubic feet. In arriving at this total estimates are included for certain producers who were unable to supply exact figures, but, as it is only the smaller operators as a rule that do not keep records of their wells, the estimate is very close to the actual production. The quantity of gas yielded by the wells in 1905 is estimated at 2,639,- 130,000 cubic feet, and in 1904 at 2,399,987,000 cubic feet. Production of natural gas COUNTY 1904 1905 1906 Allegany-Cattarauctisn. ays ae ee $183 830 | $204 430 $247 208 Chautawquarane sc7 een ae ac eee pee eee 31 $22 26 232 94 345 RIOS ae 8 i ie es ree se ee ee 254 899 281 253 217 - 554 a Wiwingston: so, eae n ee re ee 32 451 41 805 52 805 Onondaga cn cic: Bn Min eae ene ae 15 350 16 825 16 385 OSWE RO ea. S4.0 oes nd naa Mec peel Sectors, nan 14 990 13. 593 13 Cate DB WVOUNn Geo Lx. Saunas pte tee oeeuceen ena 18 855 22 8472 25 100 MOtAaland Lees, | ea Os cate ate eae $552 197 | $607 ooo $766 579 B inetidles alco: Niaeatel audi Genecce eoanice 7 un yanaae aamineel . The average value of the natural gas as given in the returns ranges from a minimum of 18 cents to a maximum of 50 cents a thousand cubic feet. The general average for the whole State during the last three years has been about 25 cents. The largest relative increase in production during the past year was shown by Chautauqua county, with a total valued at $94,345 against $26,232 in 1905. Erie county reported an output valued at $317,554 as compared with $281,253 in the preceding year. There was also a notable increase in the fields of Allegany and Cattaraugus counties. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 49 : : BEAT The application of peat to industrial uses has continued to attract attention during 1906. As heretofore the main object in view has been to utilize the material for fuel purposes. The enterprises in New York State, however, have not been carried as yet beyond the experimental stage, and there were no plants making peat fuel on a commercial scale. A new feature of the subject that has come into prominence in the last year is the possibility of using peat for paper manufacture, a development suggested by recent work along this line that has been carried out in Europe. The latest, as well as, perhaps, the most important experiments in the utilization of peat for fuel within the State has been started at Heuvelton, St Lawrence co. They are based on different prin- ciples than have heretofore been adopted for the purpose. The plant is installed on a boat, 125 feet long and 30 feet wide, which is self-propelling and carries all the machinery required for exca- vating the peat and converting it into marketable fuel. It is planned to operate on Black lake near Ogdensburg, where there are reported to be peat deposits at no great depths. The dredging apparatus consists of two conveyor chains that travel along inclined ways in- dependently mounted and swinging so as to cover a width of 4c feet in front of the boat. The inclined ways can be raised or low- ered as required, according to the depth from which it is necessary to dredge the peat. The latter is carried by the bucket chains into a hopper from which it is spouted to the first of the machines de- signed for its treatment, where it is mashed and kneaded. This machine breaks up the coarser material and at the same time expels a portion of the absorbed water. In the next process the peat under- goes a more thorough drying by heat. The drier resembles somewhat a horizontal water tube boiler and is made up of a large number of tubes arranged in tiers, the succeeding tubes of each tier sloping slightly in opposite directions. Steam is admitted around the tubes, while the peat is carried through them by special conveyors until it has made the entire circuit. After drying the peat is to be compressed into briquets or produced for use in gas producers. All the machinery is operated by electric power supplied by a boiler and engine that have been installed on the boat. The plant is built after the designs of Mr Walter T. Griffin who has also supervised its construction. It was not completed in time te be placed in operation before the close of the yéar. The manufacture of peat into the heavier grades of paper, such as are employed in making cartons, boxes, etc., was commenced last 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM year by the Pilgrim Paper Co., who have erected a plant at Capac, Mich. It is reported that very satisfactory results have been ob- tained during the short period of activity. A subsidiary company has been incorporated for the purpose of establishing the industry - in New York State and has acquired for that purpose a tract of peat land near Oswego. ‘The special machinery requisite in using peat fiber is made after the Esser patents which are owned in Vienna, Austria. A small proportion of wood pulp in the form of screen- ings or of newspaper is incorporated with the fiber. The finished product has a strong, smooth texture and is quite resistant to damp- ness or moisture in contrast with paper made from ordinary mate- rials. The peat found in the vicinity of Oswego is well adapted for this use, owing to its perfectly fibrous condition and- freedom from foreign matter. A carload of peat was also shipped from Glens Falls to Michigan for experimental purposes. PETROLEUM The petroleum industry of New York State shows few changes from year to year. There have been no important additions to the areas of the oil fields for some time, yet the output has been fairly well maintained as is evidenced by comparison of the annual totals which are included herewith. The stability of the industry may be ascribed largely to the fact that the oil pools when once tapped continue productive for a relatively long period. The increment from the new borings that are put down each year about counter- balances the decline in output from the old wells. At present the average daily yield of each well is less than one barrel. Pumping is generally resorted to and for this purpose gas engines, which are supplied from the natural gas that accompanies the petroleum, are used. From the storage tanks of the individual producers the oil is run into pipe lines for transport to the refineries. There are six pipe line companies operating in the State who handle practically all of the product. The oil-bearing territory includes portions of Cattaraugus, Alle- gany and Steuben counties. It is the northernmost portion of the Appalachian field, which reaches its main development in the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia. The oil in the New York fields is associated with dark colored sandstones belonging to the Chemung formation of the Upper Devonic. During the year 1906 a promising discovery of oil was made in the Short Tract district of northern Allegany county, where several THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 51 wells have been drilled within the last five or six years, but without establishing the existence of oil in quantity. The well was put down on the Van Nostrand farm, 5 miles from Fillmore. At a depth of 508 feet oil began to flow under natural pressure but soon subsided. A yield of about 10 barrels a day has been secured by pumping. The product is an amber oil of light specific gravity. Further drilling has been undertaken to test the importance of the discovery. In the Bolivar district of southwestern. Allegany county, a pos- sible enlargement of the known productive limits is indicated by recent drilling at a locality 8 miles south of the village of Bolivar. Several wells were opened last year for gas, and one of them tapped an oil-bearing stratum at 1000 feet depth, yielding about five barrels a day. The output of petroleum in New York State amounted in 1906 to 1,043,088 barrels of 42 gallons, as compared with 949,511 barrels in the preceding year. The estimated value of the yield was $1,721,- 095, or an average of $1.65 per barrel. On the same basis the pro- duction in 1905 was valued at $1,566,931. In the compilation of the statistics for these years, as well as for 1904, the receipts of oil reported by the pipe line companies have been used. The list of companies is as follows: The Allegany Pipe Line Co., Columbia Pipe Line Co., Union Pipe Line Co., and Fords Brook Pipe Line Co., of Wellsville, and the Tide Water Pipe Co., Limited, of Brad- fore. a. @Production of petroleum in New York ——————————————— ee YEAR BARRELS VALUE Pt Lae higtces we ge se I 585 030 $1 061 970 Nc ok cw tees aga t's, Sra eye Sie di ehew ah I 273 343 708 297 NMI ete. isd oS eee ee cele ee ee O47 30% 660 000 I eo. 0 ARGS Aare ole a (Syehst fe. Sania ele) wine 942 431 790 464 PEER NAS sear a fos So wie Wie Sicleie se ves eee 912 948 I 240 468 ROP se E PA nt yacii-v eens le SoReal whale ww 4 E205 220 I 420 653 RIMM SRETS CEA Sor, ANC Saye dn che \ahei vise y ceyti's ofa ja os I 279 155 F o05 7.30 RINNE Nes ip gc hs el ys aie eveNe 6 6 v's es t= I 205 250 t 098 284 i ti MN ere eR 0c. Soe la wi ciio sch ol 2 +b. 3 Sales se ia ac Me I 320 909 I 708 926 Til b. . JOS aS es ne ee eer ee I 300 925 Te 75Ou50r Sa SE ie a ces a els nee esse Se eae ea E200 613 I 460 008 [282.6 Ok a ae eee eee mr Sees GLO. 720 I 530 852 OPES eo Oe ee eee I 162 978 t 849 135 DOG 5 2 Rye a Ss eae E036 279 i700) -7.70 BEE 2. doi Reebok cat eee ra 949 5II I 566 931 Meet Ty Sica eo vice seis 6 ae a wale wos Bele wee I 043 088 B20 5 aThe statistics for the years 1891-1903 inclusive are taken from the annual volumes of the Mineral Resources. 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PYRITE There was a small output of pyrite from the St Lawrence county mines during the past year. The quantity reported was 11,798 long tons valued at $35,550, as compared with 10,100 long tons valued at $40,465 in 1905. The production was rather’ incidental to the preliminary work of development, than to regular mining. The deposits in St Lawrence county have been under exploitation for several years, yet mining operations, hitherto, have had a desul- tory character without any stable or permanent basis. The main difficulty which seems to have prevented a successful issue of the various undertakings started in this field has been the lack of ade- quate capital to open the mines and equip them for large scale operations. The problem involved is very similar to that of mag- netite mining in the Adirondacks. The St Lawrence Pyrite Co., who took over the Stella mine at Hermon, has inaugurated the most extensive, as well as, perhaps, the most promising developments that have yet been undertaken. The company recently completed a 500 ton mill on the property and has been engaged during the year in opening the mines to supply an adequate output of ore. A railroad from the village of Hermon to Dekalb Junction has been built by the company and will enable it to ship the ore by car direct from the mill. There are five ore deposits on the property, of which two are being worked. The Cole mine near Gouverneur, formerly owned by the Adiron- dack: Pyrite Co., has been taken over by the American Pyrites Co. The mine has shipped in the past a considerable quantity of lump ore. It is equipped with a mill. QUARTZ Westchester county has contributed a small output of quartz each year. The mineral is obtained from veins where it occurs nearly pure and also from pegmatite dikes in which it is mixed with feld- spar. The product is used in part for pottery, being shipped to manufacturers of these articles at Trenton, N. J.; it is also employed in making wood filler and silicate paint. The Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co. of New Milford, Ct., and P. H. Kinkel of Bed- ford, N. Y., were the only producers during the past year, THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 53 SAL. The salt production in the State has shown an increase of about 5 per cent for the past year. The total quantity of salt of all kinds mined or manufactured in 1906 as reported by the different com- panies, was 9,013,993 barrels of 280 pounds, on which a value of $2,131,650 was placed. The corresponding returns for 1905 aggre- gated 8,575,649 barrels with a valuation of $2,303,067 and those for 1904 amounted to 8,724,768 barrels with a value of $2,102,748. The output in 1906 exceeded the total reported for any previous year; the next largest production being that given for 1904. The marketable grades of salt. that are produced in New York include rock salt and the different varieties of brine salt known as coarse solar, common fine, table, dairy, agricultural and packers salt. In addition to the salt that is sold as such, a very large quantity is converted into soda products. The Solvay Process Co., at Solvay near Syracuse, manufactures such products directly from brine that is supplied by their own wells, and the amowtnt of salt thus used is included in the statistics above reported. The solar salt is. made entirely in Onondaga county. Syracuse has long been the center of this branch of the industry which was first started in the vicinity in 1789. A natural brine with from 17 to 20 per cent sodium chlorid is employed. The brine is stored in glacial gravels and has evidently been formed by circulation of ground waters through adjacent beds of rock salt. Most of the wells are located on the Onondaga Reservation which is under State control. The brine is supplied to the individual evaporating @ianmts at a fixed charge. The manufacturers of brine salt at other localities in the State obtain their supplies from wells driven into the rock salt. Fresh water is introduced into the wells from the surface and pumped up after becoming nearly saturated. By this method a brine carrying about 25 per cent sodium chlorid may be secured, or within 1 per cent or so of the saturation point for water. The Tompkins county salt is thus obtained from depths exceeding 2000 feet. Altogether there were 32 companies engaged in the production of salt in the State during the past year, as compared with 31 com- panies in 1905 and 30 in 1904. Of the total number, Onondaga county was represented by 21. The International Salt Co. operated four plants as follows: Ithaca works, Ithaca; Cayuga works, Myers; Glen works, Watkins; and Yorkshire works, Warsaw. The Hawley and Warsaw works at Warsaw owned by the company were inactive. 5A NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The Rock Glen Salt Co. has taken over the plant at Rock Glen, Wyoming co., once worked by the Kerr Salt Co. The Sterling Salt Co. has opened a mine of rock salt at Cuyler- ville, Livingston co. The shaft was started in 1905 and was finished and equipped for hoisting in the latter part of 1906. It is bottomed at about 1100 feet in a bed of salt that averages 21 feet thick. It has a cross-section of 11 by 21 feet over all and is divided into two hoisting compartments and one ladderway. The equipment on the surface and underground is of the most approved type. The build- ings, including shaft house, power houses and storage bins, are con- structed of reinforced concrete. The output of the mine when under full headway will exceed 1000 tons a day. The first shipment was made in November. The Retsof Mining Co. was a producer of rock salt from its shaft at Retsof, Livingston co., which for several years past has been the only active mine in the State. There are three salt shafts that are not now operated. The accompanying tables show the production of salt distributed among the various grades as marketed. The output listed under “Other grades” is made up principally of rock salt and salt used for soda manufacture, but includes small quantities of other kinds not specified in the returns. The valuation placed upon this item, as will be noted, is much lower than that for the preceding grades. Onondaga county ranks first among the counties of the State in quantity of output, due principally to the operations of the Solvay Process Co. Its production of marketable salt, however, is com- paratively small. The relative rank of the counties according to their output of salt sold as such in 1906 was as follows, in the order of their importance: Livingston, Wyoming, Tompkins, Schuyler, Onondaga and Genesee. The report of the superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation for the fiscal year ending September 1, 1906, states that a total of 1,817,113 bushels of salt was inspected, as compared with 1,654,448 bushels inspected during the preceding year. The increase was due to the favorable weather conditions which govern the solar salt industry. Some new wells have been put down during the year by the Onondaga Pipe Line Co. to supply manufacturers outside of the reservation. All of the salt made here is marketed through the Onondaga Coarse Salt Association. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 55 Production of salt by grades in 1905 VALUE GRADE BARRELS VALUE PER BARREL Beearimon fine...)......0...-.. I 355 843 $486 371 $ .36 Baemimon COATse................ 220 40” 93 567 .39 Peaieradd daify.. 2... 2. eee I 169 229 | 684 239 Wen E055 Sol ere eee a 453 206 | 173-720 .38 LIL. oR ee 306 702 14 477 .38 Petraes ee G25 430 850 684 So VOEO 1 SUES Re Sea ee 8 575 649 | $2 303 067 $ .27 a Includes some coarse solar salt, though the amount is not important. Production of salt by grades in 1906 VALUE GRADE BARRELS VALUE PER BARREL MmeornInMON TING... 1... I 164 064 $413 462 $ .35 Mermon COaTSe ...........7... 182 636 62 758 34 fete aad Gairy...... 6... eee ee E -22E 930 603 034 .50 _ {eS e S01 ekg ie 510 800 TOD S55 38 a TSS aaa ee 39 286 I4 100 36 BeMMEererades.) Ps... ee ke 5 905 271 846 745 .14 dl 5h Roget ean 9 013 993 | $2 131 650 $ .23 alIncludes some coarse solar salt, though the amount is not impo-tant. SAND-LIME BRICK The manufacture of sand-lime brick is an industry that has been only recently introduced in New York State. The first plants were erected about three years ago. Reports have been received from seven companies that were in active operation during the whole or part of the year 1906, showing an output of 17,080,000 brick valued at $122,340. Two companies listed among the manufacturers failed to make any return as to their production, while one company was engaged in erecting a plant. The following companies com- prise all, so far as known, that had plants completed or in course of erection at the close of 1906. 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAME LOCATION Granite Brick Co. Glens Falls Lancaster Sand-Lime Brick Co. Lancaster Newburgh Sand-Lime Brick Co. Newburgh Paragon Plaster Co. Syracuse Rochester Composite Brick Co. Rochester Roseton Sand-Lime Brick Co. Roseton F. W. Rourke & Co. Brooklyn sand Stone Brick Co. Schenectady Schenectady Brick Co. Schenectady Watertown Sand Brick Co. Watertown SAGE Quarries of roofing slate are worked in Washington county near the Vermont state line. The productive district includes a narrow belt running nearly due north from Salem through the towns of Hebron, Granville, Hampton and Whitehall. Efforts have been made to work slate in other parts of the State, particularly in the Hudson river metamorphic region, but for reasons no longer ap- parent they have not led to the establishment of a permanent indus- try. Hoosick, Rensselaer co., New Lebanon, Columbia co., and New Hamburg, Dutchess co., are among the places that have fur- nished slate in the past. At the locality last named, beds were found which yielded large blocks resembling the Welsh slate in color and quality and adapted for structural material, billiard tables, blackboards and other purposes. They were operated as late as 18098. The slate from Washington county exhibits a variety of colors. Red is the most valuable and is the characteristic product of the region. Owing to its rarity elsewhere, it has a wide sale and is in constant demand for export. This variety is found near Gran- ville and in the Hatch Hill and North Granville districts between North Granville and Whitehall. Its occurrence is confined to areas of Lower Siluric age. Purple, variegated and different shades of green slate are produced from Cambric areas, principally around Middle Granville, Salem and Shushan. The unfading green which likewise commands a good price for roofing purposes, is quarried to some extent in Washington county, but the greater quantity comes from across the border in Vermont. Up to the present time the production of slate for other than roof- ing purposes, such as mantels, billiard tables, floor tiling, black- boards, etc., has not been developed to any extent in this section. It is an important branch of the slate trade of Pennsylvania and Ver- mont, and there is no doubt that increased attention to this branch would greatly assist the advancement of the industry. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 57 The output of slate in New York State last year amounted in value to $61,921, consisting of roofing slate $57,771 and mill stock $4150. The number of squares of roofing slate made was 16,248. In 1905 the output was valued at $95,009 and comprised 16,460 squares of roofing slate valued at $94,009 and $1000 mill stock. The average value of roofing slate for the year was $3.56 a square, against $5.71 a square in 1905. The smaller value last year was due to the rela- tively light production of red slate, as compared with the cheaper grades. STONE The quarry products of New York State rank next in importance to clay manufactures. All of the principal varieties of building and ornamental stones are quarried and most of them on an extensive scale. The production, however, falls short of meeting the require- ments for many kinds of stone. Large quantities of granite, marble and limestone are brought in from adjoining states or are imported from foreign countries. With the enormous undeveloped resources, there is abundant opportunity for development of the quarry indus- tries to a scale more nearly commensurate with the market demands. The statistics and notes incorporated in the following pages relate to the different quarry industries of the State, except those of slate, marl and millstones. Information regarding the slate and millstone industries will be found under their own titles, elsewhere in this pene port. Production of stone The value of the quarry materials produced in 1906 amounted in the aggregate to $6,504,165. The total for the preceding year was $6,107,147, showing a gain of $397,018. The value of the lime- stone quarried was $2,963,829, against $2,411,456 in 1905. The sandstone was valued at $1,976,829, the greater part contributed by the companies engaged in the bluestone trade. In 1905 the sand- stone amounted to a value of $2,043,960. The output of trap from the Hudson river Palisades, and Richmond and Saratoga counties was valued at $847,403, against $623,219 in the preceding year. Marble accounted for a value of $460,915, considerably less than the total reported for 1905 which was $774,557. There was little change in the granite industry, the value of the output amounting to $255,189 against $253,955 1n 1905. Classified as to uses, crushed stone was the largest item in the total, with an aggregate value of $2,435,493, an increase of more than $500,000 over the amount returned for 1905. The use of 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM crushed stone in road improvement and for making concrete has been the chief factor in the development of this branch of the in- dustry which has about doubled in importance within the last two years.’ The quantity of crushed stone made last year was approxi- mately 3,132,460 cubic yards, as compared with 2,762,774 cubic yards in 1905. The quantity reported as used for road metal was 905,750 cubic yards, against 1,080,034 cubic yards for the previous year. This total does not represent the full amount thus used, as many of the producers are unable to classify their product. The value of the building stone, rough and dressed, amounted to $1,408,- 583 in 1906, against $1,488,009 in 1905. Curb and flagstone aggre- Production of stone in 1904 BUILDING MONU- ee CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MENTAL Ge eGING STONE OTHER VALUE Gramite sora cts). $89 300 $11 262 a $83 295 $38 o25| $221 882 Limestone........ ZAS OAT. Aecotercte crave $6 253 994 475 809 030] 2 104 095 Masbleseh cues cee 278 994 154 673 a a 45 104 478 771 Sandstone........ O37 2607lleemcncer oe QO2 027 27 583 329 480] 1 896 697 Drapaisocctee ee GOB HANS aore aiavavd os ee oa 452 621 I5 8975 468 496 __ | | | S| ES | ho taleraae Sa 254 548] $165 935| $908 280/$1 557 974\$1 237 504|/$5 169 941 SSS eee eee —————————————— enn a Included under ‘‘All other.”’ Production of stone in 1905 eee SS eee ene eee ———————————— eee BUILDING MONU- pas CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MEN DADE ON ater STONE OTHER VALUE Granites: one cee $139 414 $10 431 a $69 748 $34 362| $253 955 Limestone........ MASAO GB og tiouo noc $7 297] I 193 800 964 O59] 2 411 456 Marble vince otc 571 810 177 557 a a 25 190 774 557 Sandstone........ ic tole: tiniest microns I 029 913 37 406 446 156] 2 043 960 TAD. hoe eer GO, 2 ON are eave chevron ell nuscone ohemerneeas 601 669 2I 550 623 219 HLotalia) sever $r 488 cog] $187 988/$1 037 210/$1 g02 623\$1 491 317|$6 107 147 | a Included under ‘‘All other.’ Production of stone in 1906 e———eeeeEeeeeeEeEe————————— eee BUILDING | MONU- CoReINGS CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MENTAL TOM ee we STONE OTHER VALUE Granites ae cna: $231 190 $4 119 a $13 980 $5 900} $255 189 Limestone........ 229 ATO tere orotate $8 067] 1 590 205] 1 136 078] 2 963 829 Miarblesiicicnseee 337 3065 99 I00 a b we 24 450 460 O15 Sandstone........ 610 549 a gor 611 5I 205 323 464] I 976 829 EPap Acie see B.- F Ge aNenaeealeccesrell ureters Ok Sci 780 103 67 300 847 403 Totals ees oe. $1 408 583) $103 219 5 $999 678\$2 435 493/$1 557 192|$6 504 165 rn TN a Included under ‘‘All other.’’ 6 Included under Limestone. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 59 gated the sum of $999,678, as compared with $1,037,210, represented almost entirely by bluestone. The monumental stone, principally marble, was valued at $103,219, against $187,988. The value of the stone quarried for purposes other than those given, including lime, furnace flux, paving blocks, riprap, rubble, etc., was $1,557,192 as compared with $1,491,317 in 1905. Granite Under the head of granite are included the coarse crystalline rocks in which silicates are the predominant minerals. Besides granite in the true sense the group comprises such rocks as syenite, diorite, anorthosite and various kinds of gneisses, all of which are found in New York State and are commercially utilized for building or other purposes. The variety known as trap is, however, treated by itself. The aggregate value of the products of the granite quarries in 1906 amounted to $255,189. Building stone was much the largest item in the total, with a valuation of $231,190. Among the other uses to which the product was put and the values of each were: monumental stone, $4119; crushed stone, $13,980; rubble and riprap $2423; paving blocks, curbing and miscellaneous, $3477. The quantity of crushed stone reported was 16,800 cubic yards. West- chester county alone made an output valued at $172,845, consisting principally of building stone. The remainder of the production was distributed among the following counties: Clinton, Fulton, Herki- mer, Jefferson, Orange, Putnam and Warren. There were 19 quar- ries in all that were operated. In 1905 the value of the product was $253,955 of which Westchester county contributed $142,815. Among the new developments during the past year was the open- ing of large quarries at Little Falls to supply crushed stone. The material used is syenite, similar to the Adirondack syenite occur- rences of which the Little Falls mass is an outlier. The crushing plant erected by the Power & Mining Machinery Co. on the north side of the Mohawk river is the largest in the State, the capacity being 4000 cubic yards a day. The output will be used for road metal, railroad ballast and concrete. It is planned to erect a plant for making concrete brick from the screenings. The West Shore Stone Co. has opened quarries and erected a crushing plant on the south side of the river at Little Falls. A quarry of monumental stone has been started near Ausable Forks, Clinton co. The material is a green syenite of attractive appearance. | eo | J | in ey 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Production of granite MATERIAL 1904 1905 1906 Building stone: 2s ona ee $89 300 | $139 414 $231 190 Monumental. 5 00 Get he h ee eee Pry 202 IO 431 4 119 Crushedustone vats oe ene eee 83 295 69 748 13 980 Rubble lriprapyieis cs oa ee eee 30 760 30.1255 2-422 Other kinds: 2404s eon ee ee eee 7 2605 Ana Ree ai Potale ey eee Me eats ein ate $221 882 | $253 955 $255 189 Limestone The limestone quarries are first in importance among the stone- working industries of the State. Compared with sandstone, which ranks second in value of output, limestone is not so extensively used as a building material, but it finds more extensive employment for road metal and concrete. Its wide occurrence, in connection with natural fitness for the purpose, has favored the development of a large crushed stone business that covers nearly every section of the State. The manufacture of lime also calls for a large part of the - product. The noncrystalline limestones, which alone are considered under this head, comprise a variety of rocks as regards their geological occurrence and physical and chemical characters. ‘They are distrib- uted among the Cambric, Lower Siluric, Siluric and Devonic sys- tems. In chemical composition they include every gradation from practically pure lime carbonate to magnesian limestones and dolo- mites and to silicious, aluminous or ferruginous types in which the Production of limestone MATERIAL 1904 2905 1906 Crushed StGne 27 MeN cance ase aie $994 475 | $1 193 800 $1 590 205 IkimesmMade:. 6s. aati or th ee Ove 2250 702 684 795 348 Bauldine Stoney .wc1ae oe ee 248 647 246 300 229 479 Burnace fase. i. cakes eyes ete [2I TOO 198 168 287 816 Rubble; riprap” satis ei ee 22 2310 40 664 32°05 Magen es "CUnbOido a ser mre nee 6: 253 7 204 8 067 MiscellaneGtic. 6.0 ee tee sae nee 22250 22 Bae IQ 939 otal, 0k oo Sis es eet eens $2 104 095 | $2 411 456 $2 963 829 ee ae THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 61 carbonates play a subordinate role. Light colored and white lime- stones are not typical of the State, the prevailing colors being grayish or drab, and for this reason considerable quantities are brought in from other states, principally Ohio and Indiana. The total output of limestone last year amounted in value to $2,963,829. This is exclusive of the products used in the Portland and natural cement industries, for which no statistics have been col- lected. Compared with the previous year, there was a gain of $552,- 373 in the valuation, or about 23 per cent. The product was dis- tributed among 33 counties of the State, with a total of over 160 quarries. Crushed stone for road metal, concrete, etc., represents the largest item in the output. The value of this material was $1,590,205, against $1,193,800 for 1905. The manufacture of lime is second in importance with a product valued at $795,348 and $702,684 for the respective years. The building stone quarried amounted to a value of $229,479 against $246,300 in 1905; furnace flux to $287,816 against $198,168 ; rubble and riprap to $32,975 against $40,664 ; flag- ging and curbing to $8067, against $7297; and miscellaneous mate- rials, not classified in the returns, to $19,939 against $22,543 in the preceding year. Distributed according to the counties in which the limestone was quarried, the largest producer last year was Erie county which reported an output valued at $525,381, consisting principally of building stone, crushed stone and furnace flux. This county also ranked first on the list in 1905 with a valuation of $383,411. Onon- daga county which returned a total value of $391,457 was second, the same position as in the preceding year when its output amounted to $310,322. It is the largest manufacturer of lime. The remaining counties which reported a value of over $100,000 each with their respective totals are here given, the figures in brackets being the corresponding totals for 1905: Dutchess, $368,927 [$234,578]; Rockland, $242,184 [$220,596]; Genesee, $227,062 [$227,087]; Warren, $205,832 [$192,136]; Westchester, $143,168 [$74,948]; and Albany, $106,800 [$101,425]. Lime. There were 38 firms that reported an output, last year, of limestone (including marble) for lime burning, either as a main product or in connection with the quarrying of other materials. The greater portion of theelimestone was converted by the companies operating the quarries. In all 18 counties participated in the pro- duction. The quantity of lime made was 313,369 short. tons, valued at $795,348. Onondaga county reported a product of 208,- 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 250 tons, or about 66 per cent. In the previous year the output amounted to 323,905 short tons, valued at $702,684, of which Onon- daga county contributed 193,506 tons. The importance of the industry in this county is to be ascribed to the operations of the Solvay Process Co. which uses the lime as a reagent in the manu- facture of soda products. The production in the other leading counties for 1906 and 1905 respectively was as follows: Warren, 39,076 [38,025] tons; Clinton, 16,400 [16,000]; Washington, 12,000 [12,000]; and Lewis, 9500 [8557]. It will be noted that the value of the production as given above is considerably less than the ruling commercial price; this is due to the fact that a nominal valuation has been placed upon the portion used as a chemical reagent. Disregarding the quantities thus con- sumed, the value of the lime averaged $4.58 per short ton in 1906 and $3.58 in 1905. Crushed stone. Limestone is more widely employed in New York State for crushing than any other kind of stone. The total production in. 1906 amounted to 2,194,547 cubic yards valued at $1,590,205, as compared with 1,851,008 cubic yards valued at $1,193,800 in the preceding year. Of the quantities given, 486,750 cubic yards in 1906 and 573,924 cubic yards in 1905 were returned as having been used for road metal, though the actual amount thus used probably exceeded these totals since some plants do not keep any records as to the disposal of their product. The leading counties in the production of crushed stone with their outputs are as follows, the figures for 1905 being bracketed: Dutchess, 400,177 - [335,112]. cubic. yards; Rockland, 274209 [335,714]; Genesee, 323,128 [288,000]; Erie, 289,110 [243,628] ; Albany, 150,000 [131,000]; Westchester, 105,441 [43,926]; and Onondaga, 92,950 [84,811]. Building stone. The production of limestone for building pur- poses has remained comparatively steady during recent years. The value of‘the material quarried in 1906 was $229,479, against $246,- 300 in 1905. Erie county maintains the largest quarries of building stone, its output amounting to a value of $118,806 as compared with $103,763 in the preceding year. The remaining counties are small producers. The output each year is supplemented by large quanti- ties of limestone that are brought in from other states. Furnace flux. The metallurgical industries of the State con- sume limestone as a flux in smelting operations. The largest users are the iron blast furnaces located in Buffalo and vicinity. The ae. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 63 supply for this district is obtained from the outcrop of the Onon- daga limestone in western New York and the adjacent part of the province of Ontario. The principal New York quarries are located at Clarence and Gunnville, Erie co., and at North Leroy, Genesee co. Flux is also obtained at West Chazy, Clinton co., and near Port Henry, Essex co., for use in the Adirondack iron furnaces, and at Oriskany Falls, Oneida co., for the iron furnace at Franklin Springs. The total production of limestone flux in 1906 amounted to 400,002 long tons valued at $229,479. In the preceding year the amount was 393,067 long tons, valued at $198,168. Production of limestone by counties in 1905 ou CRUSHED LIME FURNACE|BUILDING| OTHER a STONE MADE FLUX STONE | USES pecan Epany.s...... $90800} $9 Gool........ $525 $500] $101 425 Boyuca....... Tey Es NACo ge $240 Q3650|. 21, 500 34 (657 eiimtom....... 4 600} 58 000 5 200 oes o> a 76 905 Dutchess..... SOMO Pitts rete eitcraiars wl wale cabetatad ecersswie, d « 234 578 le ea E53 730 497| 96 626] 103 763| 28 789 383 411 MGKOM. ..... « FA SIRS) MEL TAT ESC CGY 6) Riae ene) At el boat a ae Re 16 348 Genesee...... 127000). 912 4200;, OF 516 2-28! 33) 16 227 087 Plerkimer....-. 5 412 (aio Keyra Ree art 20) 1 (020 ae emerson...... Se OS's eA GOO! )2 2 ts <). 6 154 650 By Us Mewis........ Pease 2S FOO). 0 Pe ass 658 234 30 630 Madison...... BSEEOO) we ste oh do wae s odo eA 5 259 622 43 990 MOHTOG....... EAA aa clio, wci|'s 153s cae: Kage 8 036 351 45 791 Montgomery. . OOM ISG acts, ae bL5 PRONG Wt es, < os 67 716 iMiapera....... IO 949 AROO Wy ees eee BONG lie ect a5 18 504 Waeida....... 11) Pe PRU eRe | RRR TeSOO Nene ctece sc 18 743 Onondaga.... 39 832] 234 308 5 550| 17 984] 12 648 310 322 Bexockland..... DONS TRON SHE ee ts a cl (Oc ee Pe 220 506 St Lawrence... 940 Ge GRO ele cca es 2,240" 2585 16 024 Mearatoga...... SOO le Pate ot ete oot ors 3 065 205 II 770 menonarie..... Te AAO) cost cies sks 50} 49 227 232 66 795 SemeCd.... .<.. 20, 330 360 37 3 918 268 7 013 Myesten...... Ontos EES SCO Yc < ¢ IO 540 577 192 136 Washington... BO Sa lie rat OOO Ne wa are =. Hy Tl hia okoka 90 487 Westchester.. . 30 748] 43 goo SOO dsies c ,s\fe)s Seeks 74 948 Other coun- ee BT OAGS) iT? .038|\\ + 8. 534 t 980] 2 483 5I 490 motal....:. $I 193 800/$702 684/$198 168/$246 300|$70 sSo4l$2 411 456 Se ee SS NAT a Includes Columbia, Essex, Greene, Ontario, Orange, Orleans, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Ulster, Wayne and Yates. 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Production of limestone by counties in 1906 —— ee ————————— rr CRUSHED LIME |FURNACE|BUILDING| OTHER fone STONE MADE FLUX STONE | USES Shae = Alipan ys. +4. $96 200] $09 Gooj........ $500 $500] $106 800 Cayugas 7 235 OO Sic etn $300] IL 000] 3 000 37 398 Chinton\s §°250|) “Or S00] 915,900 7 175| 4 000 96 925 Dutchess. =. 368 “O27 Sous eoanatol soo ee eieeei lene ois ete eens ee 368 927 ERICS ey ee 222 384 245) 172 550) 11S) .6O0l|) Lie 20o 525 381 eCOmee eu saa 6 963 © 2OO} 6 1c5., arate Noe ceeieee eal | one TO Og Genesee... .¢. 142 342) ra socc)| GoVOe I) O70 aee teem 227 062 Greene....... TSG ee eee 186| 24 500] 15 5¢0 4 971 Plemcimenn 4 000 On BOO i hm eee STO|l-en ot eee Li Arr Jlettersons-r 41S 754 42) 250) ene 6 053 499 530 Oug WewiSein te: O35 F477 OOO) eee tee S24) 81025 49 484 Madison. .*... Pio oy Miners las [Ec y anit gol lrig2e 2I 594 Monroe. 2) oe 52 DOF | Asem uaa) wena 7 5 OA 547 60 406 Montgomery. . SOS ea Bi ate ley meas Melina A THO 2o% 60 648 Niagara, ...55. 2 400 AOleg mine ar.: 242)5| On 7G 16 581 Oncidann. ce 22 O00 lee aaa 12) {OOO|* 415) OOO mrs ere 59 600 Onondaga..... 63 986] 313 500 3 420 SO 7 O(n larg 391 457 Rockland..... 2AD TOA W Sr. ko wre eee ete eee a ee one eee 242 184 SiG JAIN RANCSS Alles gids cclon 3 9 040 2 aie 800 QII 14 062 Satatoeay .. ci ES UOOOl se tusethtae jens ceca nes 32000) ee 16 000 Schoharie..... 2I 073 efole) a etotacpo A LOMS25i= a7 Ooms 40 073 DEMeCa wines 3 301 800 100 2 025 100 6 326 Wiaigren) sc cerns 82} ITN HONS) OO hin ego 5 3 EL 270 450 205 832 Washington... 26.5000] 6) ASNOCO) ss. sha tel nena te 400 84 400 Westchester... 105 441) 36 766 Ved 2S Oleic ee ie 143 168. aOther co’nties 50 200 6 o12 9 088 E12 OOlMa seme 66 600 Total...../$1 590 205/$795 348/$287 816\$229 479|$60 981\$2 963 829 a Includes Columbia, Essex, Ontario, Orange, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Ulster, Wayne and Yates counties. Marble The granular crystalline limestones and dolomites which are classed as marble occur in the Adirondack region and in the south- eastern part of the State. They are mainly associated with metamor- phosed Precambric strata. A few varieties of compact limestones, such as the Trenton limestone at Glens Falls and the Chazy lime- stone of Clinton county, possess ornamental qualities that fit them for special uses and are included under this head. The quarrying of monumental marble is practically limited to the region about Gouverneur, St Lawrence co. The industry has been established here for many years, and the product has a wide sale. The marble varies from nearly white to dark bluish gray, the dark varieties being the more valuable. As only the best selected stone can be used for monumental work, the poorer grades are dressed into blocks for building and construction purposes. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 65 In southeastern New York the quarries are worked mainly for building stone which is supplied to New York city and other mar- kets in the east. White and gray marbles are the characteristic pro- ducts. Greenport, Columbia co., South Dover, Dutchess co., and Ossining, Dobbs Ferry, White Plains, Oscawana, Pleasantville and Tuckahoe, Westchester co., are some of the quarry localities. Production of marble VARIETY 1904 1905 1906 Beeiemde Marble. 2 ek ee ee $278 994 | $571 810 $337 3065 0 1001, 852 154 673 E77 S57 99 I0Oo SS LSC rr 45 104 25 190 24 450 1 LL. aaa $478 771 | $774 557 | $460 915 The production of marble reported by 13 producers amounted in 1906 to a value of $460,915, divided as follows: building marble, rough and dressed, $337,365; monumental marble, rough and dressed, $99,100; other kinds, $24,450. There was a large falling off in the production as compared with the preceding year when the output was valued at $774,557. This was due principally to the smaller demand for building stone in New York city. The value of the marble quarried in southeastern New York aggregated $260,- 350 against $464,247 in 1905. St Lawrence county reported an out- put valued at $136,835 against $265,722. The quarries at South Dover formerly worked by the Dover Chemical & Quarry Co. have been taken over by the Exploitation Co. of America, with a view to reopening them to supply building stone. Development work was prosecuted during the past year and it is intended to begin shipments during the current season. Drill cores show that there is a large quantity of stone available, similar to the marble quarried by the South Dover Marble Co. which finds much favor as a building material. An analysis of the marble, made by E. F. Briggs, has been furnished by the present company and is here given. 10403 (C22) ere 21220 Pismo ONO Oo ee eee tee 19.41 eeomrcitosxid (COs) s. eee eee 45.83 LS C1) ate Rr e ee een 3.40 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Sandstone Under the head of sandstone are included the sedimentary rocks which consist of quartz grains bound together by some cementing substance. Among the principal varieties distinguished by textural characters are sandstones proper, conglomerates, grits and quartzites. The wide distribution of sandstones in the geologic series of New York State has given them great importance as economical sources of structural materials and in point of annual output they rank second only to limestone. Nearly all of the main formations above the Archean contain these rocks at one or more horizons. The sand- stones that are chiefly quarried in New York are the Potsdam, Hudson River, Medina, and the Devonic sandstones. A few quar- ries have been opened in the Shawangunk conglomerate and the Clinton sandstone. Bluestone is a popular term for the fine grained, evenly bedded sandstones found in the Devonic which have a special application for flagging and curbing and to a lesser extent for build- ing stone. Production of sandstone The total value of the sandstone quarried in New York last year was $1,970,829 as compared with $2,043,960, the value of the output in 1905. The output was distributed among 35 counties with an aggregate of over 400 producers. Classified as to uses the total was distributed as follows: building stone, rough, $343,077; build- ing stone, dressed, $267,472; curbing, $553,085 ; flagging, $438,526; paving blocks, $282,063; crushed for roads, $14,677; crushed for other uses, $36,528; rubble, etc., $11,661; all other purposes, $29,740. The following tables show the value of the production of sand- stone in 1905 and 1906, distributed among the leading districts of the State. } Ladin: THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 67 Production of sandstone in 1905 | _ eee sree Satie PAVING |CRUSHED| RUBBLE,| ALL ay ie | rLAccine | BEOGKS | STONE | RIPRAP | OTHER Bluestone | | Peenrmetiver: | p5o S13) $314 7o1| $6 165|........)0....... $2 000 Delaware river .| 64 084) 441 634 DOO sist wane SAA OO. Seats @menango coO...| 70 066 76 983 Ouenel hee eae 2.108 fey) Giri. Wyoming co...| 171 620 ROO Orta ei cues snc osays 930) | 33) 433 Wier cdistricts..| 36.210 59 641 587| $1 102 374| 11 282 Total bluestone.|/$401 793). $896 049) $10 240| $1 102) $7 872! $52 188 Sandstone Orleans county.) $71 679| $119 390/$270 964; $1 282) $3 500) $51 290 Meter districts..| 57 o13| TA Ale: ZOMG GSin sy O22," 16, 345 4 192 Total sandstone./$128 692) $133 864/$300 529] $36 304] $19 845| $55 482 Combined total.|$530 485/$1 029 913/$310 769| $37 406] $27 717 $107 670 DISTRICT Bluestone Hudson river... Delaware river.. Chenango co.... Wyoming co... Other districts. . Total bluestone. Sandstone Orleans county. Other districts. . Total sandstone. Combined total. Production of sandstone in 1906 gS SE BUILD- ING STONE Ziat ie 549 CURBING PAVING | CRUSHED AND er Gie | ELOcsS)| STONE $220 961] $14 228 572 470° I 350 790 AW Gays lis sac vvasdee [hs ahaa wea SANs ee allte en eteets ar 550 7 lag 0 eae ae 2.770 $839 663) $15 578] $4 020 $147 438/$260 878 $225 4 510 5 607] 46 g60 $151 948/$266 485] $47 185 $o9gr 611/$282 063) $51 205 RUBBLE, RIPRAP $6 952 $11 661 ©) aue) eo) e)fe a: 0)/|\ 0) ® (ee ecip) (s)|| eee) (0? 9) el @ oe ce ee wo wo a! @) 76) wie .e ene) The value of bluestone quarried for all purposes in 1906 was $1,377,773 Or approximately 70 per cent of the total sandstone; the value of the other sandstone quarried was $599,056 or 30 per cent of the total. The returns show that there was a falling off in 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the amount of sandstone quarried, due to a decrease of all grades produced except curbing and crushed stone. The amount of blue- stone produced shows an increase. There was a falling off in the production of the Hudson river district but a gain is shown in the other bluestone districts. The production of bluestone by districts was as follows: Hudson river, $306,005 ; Delaware river, $685,716; Wyoming county, $235,- 813; Chenango county, $130,239; other districts, $20,000. Of the sandstone quarried, Orleans county reported a production valued at $484,938 and other counties an output valued at $114,118. A more detailed classification of the product that would cover each county separately has been found impracticable, since many of the large companies which operate quarries at several localities are unable to divide their output according to the different sources. ‘The rela- tive rank of the principal counties of the State was, however, as follows in the order of their importance: Orleans, Delaware, Ulster, — Wyoming, Sullivan, Chenango, Broome and St Lawrence. The foregoing table shows that of the bluestone quarried along the Hudson river in Albany, Greene and Ulster counties, about 72 per cent was sold as flagstone and curbstone and about 23 per cent as building stone. In the Delaware river districts, including Sullivan, Delaware and Broome counties, the value of the flagstone and curb- stone sold amounted to 83 per cent and the building stone to 16 per cent of the total. In Chenango county about two thirds of the entire product was marketed as building stone and the remaining one third as curbing and flagging. In Wyoming county, on the other hand, almost the entire product was marketed as building stone, the value of the other gtades being less than 1 per cent of the total sales. The output of Medina sandstone in Orleans county was used chiefly for the following purposes: building stone, 10 per cent; . curbing, 30 per cent; paving blocks, 54 per cent; other purposes, 6 per cent. ; Trap The term trap is commonly applied to the dark fine grained rocks that oscur in the form of dikes. In New York State the trap is usually a diabase, a rock composed essentially of plagioclase feld- spar and pyroxene, with a massive compact texture. It is very common in the Adirondacks, specially along the Champlain valley in Clinton, Essex and Washington counties. There are numerous occurrences, also, in the region of crystalline rocks in southeastern New York, the largest being the intrusion which borders the west shore of the Hudson river southward from Haverstraw and is known THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 69 as the Palisades. The southern end of this intrusion is found in Staten Island, where it extends southwest from Port Richmond. The principal use of trap is for crushed stone for roadmaking and concrete. It possesses qualities of strength and durability which place it first among the varieties of stone used for these purposes. The sombre color and the difficulty of dressing trap limits its em- ployment in building work. It is used to some extent for paving blocks. Rockland county produces most of the trap at the present time. The principal quarries are those at Rockland Lake operated by the Clinton Point Stone Co., and the Rockland Lake Trap Rock Co., those at Mt Joy worked by H. M. Gurnee, the Haverstraw quarries worked by the Haverstraw Trap Rock Co. and the Long Clove Trap Rock Co., and the quarries at Nyack operated by the Manhattan Trap Rock Co. The output of the county in 1906 amounted in value to $780,702. In Richmond county the Quinroy Construction Co. operates quar- ries at Port Richmond. The Saratoga Trap Rock Co. has opened a quarry in the town of Greenfield, 2 miles north of Saratoga Springs, where a dike about 200 feet wide is exposed. This is one of the largest of the Adiron- dack dikes. At’ Northumberland in the eastern part of Saratoga county, the Champlain Stone & Sand Co. has begun operations on a partially serpentinized diabase. The production of trap in New York last year was valued at $847,403, aS compared with a value of $623,219 reported for 1905, and $468,496, the value of the output in 1904. Crushed stone was the principal item in the totals, aggregating 851,293 cubic yards valued at $780,103 in 1906, against 774,111 cubic yards valued at $601,669 and 610,285 cubic yards valued at $452,621 in the two preceding years respectively. The greater part of the crushed stone was sold for road material, though the quantities thus used can not be accurately stated. Production of trap | et 1905 1906 MATERIAL — Oa Cubic ubic yards Value yards Value rlished. stone... 6.00 6... | 774 I11 | $601 669 851 293 $780 103 Para WIGEKS CLC. 0. Sk IT ASONy Haase? ee see ek 67 300 NTL SoS ae GGi2 somo tats haa $847 403 7O NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM TAIce The St Lawrence county mines reported an output in 1906 of 64,200 short tons valued at $541,600. The yield was somewhat less than in the preceding year, when the total was 67,000 short tons, but the value showed a notable increase due to the higher range of prices. The average selling price for the year on the basis of car- load lots was $8.43 a ton, as compared with $7.75 a ton in 1905. The following table gives the annual production and value by years for the period 1896-1906, the figures previous to 1904 being taken from the volumes of the Mineral Resources. Production of talc in New York SHORT VALUE ranma TONS L peaes | PER TON A SOO 1 aera 0b As SA ae oe eC es eae re 46 089 | $399 443 | $8 67 RO Oy 7s is eee Nee es he ae Ne Ac ae 57 009 | 396 936 | 6 96 BOQ Ee etal shal 5 Gute a eve ge tent airs eae eet 54 350 |) 4n2 “430 eo, POOO ae shu. Laie Mus aieee Renee ha ee re ee 54 655 438 150 8 02 TG OO sg Sead ice spat sean ee ta eet eat A 63 500 499 500 7 87 LQ OW! oieae eid ie Fee aUS Seerten © cate weeaenee ee 62 200 | 483 600 6 99 TOO 2 tee ays anah eRe aR peice eee were 7I I00 615 350 8 65 Fi) Ov eva teria ee jones hatey eh rae Mens eal Mine cal 60 230 421 600 rie TL QO ig eienehe War eee tae ee 65 000 455 000 7 ee TOO Gale eeco hg: Wei eats ae ea en 67 000 519 250 7 55 DO OO ie eget cin annem Succ epee: Seamer 64 200 541 600 8 43 A further consolidation of the mining and milling interests in the talc district was effected during the year by the International Pulp Co., the largest of the producers. Since its organization in 1893 the company has exercised a controlling influence over the industry, though it has not been without active competition from rival concerns. At the time it was formed the properties of the St Lawrence Pulp Co., the Natural Dam Pulp Co., the Agalite Fibre Co. and Adirondack Pulp Co. were acquired and in the fol- lowing year those of the Asbestos Pulp Co. were also secured. The company thus came into possession of all of the then active interests except the United States Talc Co., which was taken over in August 1906. The latter owned a mine west of Talcville and a mill near Dodgeville. The mill has been recently enlarged by the addition of two cylinders and will restore partially the impairment of pro- ductive facilities with which the International Co. met during the past year in loss by fire of its Hailesboro mill. This mill was the THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 71 largest and perhaps the best equipped of any in the district. It had a capacity of 75 tons a day. The company also owns three other mills situated at Talcville near its mines. The Union Tale Co. and the Ontario Talc Co. have been the only producers in recent years aside from those mentioned. It has been reported that both companies have also come under the control of the International Pulp Co. through recent purchase of the capital stock. The Ontario Talc Co. owns three mines and a mill near Fullerville in the central part of the district. The Union Tale Co. has been the largest independent operator since 1900. It was organ- ized as a consolidation of the Columbian Talc Co., American Pulp Co. and Keller Bros., and came into possession of three mines and an equal number of mills. The American mill near Fowler was burned down in December 1905. A new company was incorporated late in the year for the purpose of mining and manutacture of talc in the St Lawrence county dis- trict. According to present plans, the company proposes to work the Freeman mine which has been under lease to the Interna- tional Pulp Co. A water power on the Oswegatchie river near Dodgeville has been secured, and it is planned to erect a mill of 75 tons daily capacity. ZANC AND LEAD The deposits of zinc ore near Edwards, St Lawrence co., have not been worked during the past year. The inactivity has been due to causes which in no way reflect upon the value of the property, and there is a prospect that they will soon be removed and operations resumed once more. The developments thus far have been of the most promising character. It seems probable that tke occurrence is closely related to the pyrite deposits which are found in the schists at Hermon, Gouv- erneur and other localities in St Lawrence county and which at times carry a small quantity of zinc blende. The schists are metamor- phosed Precambric sediments and are generally associated with crystalline limestone of the same character as the wall rock at the zinc mines. The analogy between the two types of deposits is fur- ther emphasized by the presence of pyrite in considerable quantity imtethe zinc -ore. . The deposits of zinc blende occur as replacements of the limestone along or near the contact with a laminated gneiss. They are at times disseminated through the limestone resulting in a lean ore of mixed blende and gangue gradually shading off into the country rock, and again are concentrated in zones which are sharply bounded 72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and have the appearance of veins. Whe limestone contains serpen- tine nodules that have been derived by alteration from a nonhydrous silicate probably pyroxene. The mineralization is no doubt due to underground circulations. These have found passage along the contact betweem the gneiss and limestone and to a lesser extent along fissures within the limestone. It may be noted that the exten- sive talc deposits of this section occur on the same limestone belt and in the immediate vicinity of the zinc ore bodies. As has been demonstrated by Prof. C. H. Smyth jr, the talc owes its origin to the influence of subterranean waters acting upon masses of tremo- lite and pyroxene in the limestone. ‘The evidence is insufficient to justify at present anything as to the precise manner in which the zinc blende has been deposited. Some work was done during the year on a deposit of galena situ- ated near Pierces Corners, St Wawrence co. The property tavaees worked several years ago, but was abandoned after a little explo- ration. The former shaft which was bottomed at 80 feet has been pumped out and will be deepened at least 100 feet additional. The work is being done by the Independent Lead Co., of New York city. The lead mine near Otisville, Orange co., formerly owned by the Washington Mining Co., has been taken over by the Phoenix Lead Co. of Paterson, N. J. It was developed to some extent last year, and it is proposed to instal machinery for continuing the work during the present season. INDEX Acid-proof brick, 16. Adirondack Mining & Milling Co., 2, 27. Adirondack Pulp Co., 70. Adirondack Pyrite Co., 52. Adirondacks, garnet, 25; graphite, 26; hematite, 37; magnetite, 30; mar- ble, 64; pyrite, 52; titaniferous mag- netite, 30, 34; trap, 68. Agalite Fibre Co., 70. Akron, cement industry, 13. Akron Cement Works, 14. Akron Gypsum Co., 28. Alabama, gypsum, 28. Albany county, bluestone, 68; build- i= prick, 18, 20; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; limestone, 61, 63, | Ga natural gas, 47; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Algonquin Red Slate Co., 45. Allegany county, building brick, 18; Gays, 17; natural gas, 46, 48; pe- troleum, 50; terra cotta, fireproof- ing and building tile, 21. Allegany Pipe Line Co., 51. Alvord, E. B. & Co., 28. Amenia Co., 30. American Glue Co., 25. American Graphite Co., 26, 27. American Gypsum Co., 28. American Pulp Co., 71. Pomenican Pyrites. Co., 52. Anorthosite, 59. Arnold, magnetite, 30. Arnold hill, iron ore, 33. Arnold Mining Co., 30, 33. Arsenical ore, 10-12; analysis, 11. Arsenopyrite, 10, 12. Asbestos Pulp Co., 70. Ashley, Dominic, 25. Ausable Forks, 59. monumental stone, Barton, H. H. & Son Co., 25. Beck, -L. Ce eitede m2; 36: Bedford, feldspar, 24; quartz, 52. Benson mines, 6, 31. Blue Corundum Mining Co., 24. Bluestone, 66, 68; value of produc- POM. 574.07. Bolivar, petroleum, 51. Borst, 1G.) Ave inom mine; 30, (42,43; AA. Bradford, Pa., petroleum, 51. Brick, number made, 6; prices, 20- 21; average price received, 19; PROGHeHIOM, GO) 10,) 14, 15, 16-25; value of production, 6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 18-21. See also Sand-lime brick. Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co., 52. Briggs, E. F., analysis, 65. Brinsmade, Robert B., cited, 37. Broome county, bluestone, 68; building brick, 18; clays, 17. Brown Clay Works, 22. Buffalo, furnace flux, 62. Buffalo Cement Co., 14. Building brick, see Brick. Building stone, 57-69; value of out- put, 7, 58; production of granite, 59, 60; production of limestone, 60, 61, 62, 63; production of sand- stone, 66, 67. Building tile, see Tile. Burhans, W. M., 22. Cady & Vandenbergh, 22. Caledonia mine, 37-39. Camillus shale, 27. Capac, Mich., peat manufacture, 50. Carbon, dioxid, 12-13. Carbonate, 20. Catskill series, 45. 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cattaraugus county, natural gas, 46, 48; petroleum, 50; shale, 45. Cayuga county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; hematite, 30, 42; iron mines, 6; limestone, 63, 64. Cementi17) 13-04. Champion Natural Carbonic Acid GacgaC oun. Champlain Graphite Co., 26. Champlain Stone & Sand Co., 609. Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co., 30. Chautauqua county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lin- ing, 21; natural Sas, AG} EA7, 4Ao% paving brick, 21; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Chazy limestone, 64. Cheever mine, 6, 31, 33-34. Chemung beds, 45, 46. Chemung county, building brick, 18; clays, V7: Chenango county, bluestone, 67, 68. Cherry Creek, natural gas, 47. Cherry Creek Oil Co., 47. Clarence, furnace flux, 63. Clay, 14-24; crude, 8, 9, 10, 24. Clay materials, production, 15-17; new manufacturers, 21-22. Clay products, 6, 8, 9, Io. Clinton, hematite, 30, 42-43, 44. Clinton county, building brick, 18; Chazy limestone, 64; clays, 17; fur- nace flux, 63; granite, 59; lime, 62; limestone, 63, 64; monumental stone, 59; trap, 68. Clinton hematite, 40-43. Clinton Metallic Paint Co., 4s. Clinton Point Stone Co., 69. Clinton sandstone, 66. Cole mine, 52. Columbia county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 16, 17; marble, 6s; slate, 56. Columbia Pipe Line Co., 51. Columbian Tale Co., 71. Concrete, made from limestone, 60. Conduit pipes, 16. Conklingville, graphite, 27. Corwin & McCullough, 22. Crane mountain, ocher, 45. Crown Point Graphite Co., 26. Crushed stone, 57-58; value of out- put, 7, 57, 58; made from granite, 59, 60; made from limestone, 60, 61, 62, 63; made from sandstone, 66, 67; made from trap, 60. Cummings Cement Co., 13. Curbing, value of output, 7, 585 made from granite, 59; made from limestone, 60, 61; made from sand- Stone, (66; 67. Cuylerville, salt, 54. Dansville, oil and gas, 47. Dean mine, 30, 36-37. Delaware county, bluestone, 68; shale, 45. Delaware river district, bluestone, 67, 68. Delit, 23: Dickson mine, 39-40. Diorite, 50. Dobbs Ferry, marble, 6s. Dodgeville, talc, 70, 71. Dover Chemical & Quarry Co, 6m: Drain tile, value of production, 15- 16; manufacture, 21. Dunkirk, potteries, 23. Dutchess county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone 62; limestone, 61, 63, 64; limonite, 30; marble, 65; slate, 56. Eagle Bridge, red slate, 45. Earthenware, manufacture, 23; value of production, 23. Edenville, arsenopyrite, 12. Edwards, zinc, 71. Electric and sanitary supplies, 23. Electric City, ‘Clay Brick Co. ae Eiko "Paint (Go. a5. Emiery, 8; 9, 10; (24. Emmons, Ebenezer, cited, 34. Empire Graphite Co., 27. INDEX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 Erie county, building brick, 18; building stone, 62; cement in- eats (4; clays, 16, -17; crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; furnace flux, 63;. gyp- pm 327; limestone, 61, 63, 64; Maititalaas, 46, 48; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ime tile, 21. . Esopus stone, 43. Essex county, arsenopyrite, TOM LZ furnace flux, 63; garnet, 25; graphite, 26; iron mines, 6; titan- imerous imagnetites, 30, 31, 34; trap, 68. Exploitation Co. of America, 65. muceitaven Iron Co., 6, 30, 42. Feldspar, 8, 9, 10, 24-25 Ferenbaugh, natural gas, 47. Fire brick, value of production, 15, ioe Mmantiiacture, 21. Fire tile and shapes, 16. Fireproofing, 21; value of produc- tion, 6, 16. Flagging, value of output, 7, 58; from limestone, 60, 61; from sand- mee stone, 66, 67. Flue lining, 16. Flux, see Furnace flux. | Foo, W. 1., 34. Fords Brook Pipe Line Co., 51. Forest of Dean Iron Ore Co., 36. Forest of Dean mine, 30, 36-37. Franklin Iron Manufacturing 30, 40, 42, 43. Franklin mines, 42-43. Franklin Springs, 63. Fredonia, natural gas, 47. Freeman mine, 71. Front brick, value of production, 16. Prost Gas Co., 47. Fullerville, talc, 71. Fulton county, clays, 59; limestone, 63, 64. Furnace flux, 59; made from lime- stone, 60, 61, 62-63. Furnaceville Iron Co., 30, 41, 42, 44. Co., 17s) Sranite, 75 Galena, 72. Garbutt, wall plaster, 28. Garnet, production, 7, 8, 9, 10, 25-26. Garnet peak, 25. Genesee county, crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fur- Mace Mix O32 eoumMstininus 7, 26,20: limestone, 61, 63, 64; natural gas, 46; salt, 54; terra cotta, fireproof- ing and building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Geysers Natural Carbonic Acid Gas Coe: Glass sand, production, 8, 9, Io. Glens Falls, Trenton limestone, 64. Glens Falls Cement Co., 13. Glens Falls Graphite Co., 27 Gneisses, 50. Gore mountain, garnet, 25. Gouverneur, marble, 64; pyrite, 71. Granite (village), millstones, 44. Granite, 8, 9, 10, 59-60; value, 57, 58. Granite Brick Co., 56. Granville, slate, 56. Graphite, 7-8, 9, 10, 26-27. Greene county, bluestone, 68; build- ing? brick, “ie; 20; clays, 17: lime- stone, 64; paving brick, 21. Greenfield, graphite, 27; trap, 60. Greenport, marble, 65. Griffin, Walter T., qo. Gunnville, furnace flux, 63. Gurnee, H: M., 60. Gypsum, production, 7, 8, 9, 10, 27- 20. Hague, graphite, 26. Hammondville district, magnetite, 31. Hampden Corundum Wheel Co., 24. Hampton, slate, 56. Hansell, N. V., cited, 32. Harlem Valley Brick & Supply Co., 22. Hartnagel, C. A., Clinton hematite, 40-43. Haverstraw quarries, 60. Haverstraw Trap Rock Co., 60. Hebron, slate, 56. titaniferous 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hematite, 29, 30, 37; Clinton hema- tite, 40-43; used for metallic paint, 44, 45. Herkimer county, granite, 59; iron mines, 6; limestone, 63, 64; shale, 45. Hermon, pyrite, 52, 71. Heuvelton, peat, 49. Hoosick, slate, 56. Hudson Iron Co., 30, 36. Hudson river district, bluestone, 67, 68; building brick, Io. Hudson River sandstone, 66. Hudson River shales, 48. Hunt, George W., 22. vind: Alay 2 AS: Hydraulic cement, production, 7. Independent Lead Co., 72. International Pulp Co:, 70, 71. International Salt Co., 53. Iron-mining industry, progress, 6. Iron ore, 8, 9, 10, 29-43. ithaca, salt. 52 Jamesville, gypsum, 28. Jefferson county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; gtanite, 50; hematite, 30, 37; limestone, 63, 64. Keeseville, garnet, 25. Keller Bros., 71. Kemp, J. E.j-etteds 34: Kerhonkson, millstones, 44. Kerr Salt Co., 54. Keuka, natural gas, 47. Keystone Emery Mills, 24. Kings: cotinty,! clays, 060,75) Gai tile and sewer pipe, 2r; fire brick and stove lining, 21; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Kingston, millstones, 44. Kinkkel, P.. H.,24, 52: enone Eh Wi. ar. Kyserike millstones, 44. Lake Sanford, titaniferous magnetite deposits, 6, 30, 34-36. Lancaster, J. R., 24. Lancaster Sand-Lime Brick Co., 56. Read 71-72. | Lehigh Portland Cement Co., 28. Leroy, gypsum, 209. Leucopyrite, 10. Lewis, arsenopyrite, 12. Lewis county, lime, 62;- limestone, 63, 64. Lime, 59, 60, 61-63. Limestone, 8, 9, 10, 60-64; value of production, 57, 58. Limonite, 20, 30; used for metallic paint, 44. Lincoln Spring Co., 12. Little Falls, crushed stone, 59. Livingston county, oil and gas, 47, 48; salt, 54. Long Clove Trap Rock Co., 69. Lowe Brick Co., 22. Lynch & O’Brien, 22. Lyon Mountain, iron ore, 30, 32-33. McIntyre Iron Co., 34. Madison county, clays, 17;’drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; limestone, 63, 64; potteries, 23. Magnetite, 29, 30; titaniferous, 30, 34. | Manhattan Trap Rock’ Co., 69. Manlius, cement, 14. Marble, 8, 9, 10, 64-65; value of pro- duction, 57, 58. Medina sandstone, 46, 47, 66, 68. Metallic paint, production, 8, 9, 10. Millstones, 8, 9, 10, 43-44. Mineral black, 45. Mineral industries, value of output, 6. Mineral paint, 44-45. Mineral production of New York in 1904, 8; in 1905, 9; in 1906, Io. Mineral waters, 8, 9, I0. Mineville, iron ore, 30, 31-32. Mining developments, recent, 31-40. Minor,” J. Co 312- crted, = Monarch Plaster Co., 209. Monroe county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain’ tile: and Ssewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27, 29; lime- stone, 63, 64; potteries, 23; terra : t INDEX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSfRY 1906 cotta, fireproofing and _ building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Montgomery county, limestone, 63, Of Monumental stone, value of output, #50, 50; made from granite, 50, 60. Mt Joy, trap, 60. Myers, salt, 53. Nassau county, building brick, 18; Clays, 17; potteries, 23. Maiiral Carbonic Gas Co., 12. Mataral cement, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. Natural Dam Pulp Co., 70. Natural gas, 9, 10, 46-48; value of production, 7, 48; quantity pro- duced, 48. New Hamburg, slate, 56. New Lebanon, slate, 56. New Paltz, millstones, 44. New York city, clay deposits, 19. New York Carbonic Acid Gas Co., 12. Newburgh Sand-Lime Brick Co., 56. Newland, D. H., cited, 32. Newman, E., 47. Niagara county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; limestone, 63, 64. Nicholson, John, 22. North Creek, iron ore, 36. North Leroy, furnace flux, 63. North River Garnet Co., 25, 26. North Side Gas & Oil Co., 47. Northern Iron Co., 33. Northumberland, trap, 60. Nyack, trap, 60. Oakfield, gypsum, 29; wall plaster, 28. Ocher, 45. Old Sterling Iron Co., 30, 30. Oliver Iron Mining Co., 31. Oneida county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; furnace flux, 63; hema- tite, 40, 44; limestone, 63, 64. Onondaga Coarse Salt Association, 54. 77 Onondaga county, building brick, 18; Cement: Lan) FAs Clays," ) 16,017; crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; gypsum, 27, 28; lime, 61; limestone, 61, 63, 64; natural gas, 46, 48; paving brick, 21; pot- feries, 245 Saltese s4: terra: cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Onondaga limestone, 63. Onondaga Pipe Line Co., 54. Ontario, hematite, 30, 44. Ontario Center, hematite, 4I. Ontario county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 2%; gypsum, 27; - potteries, 23, terra cotta; fireproofing and building tile, 21. Ontario Vale Co. 71: Orange county, arsenopyrite, I0, 12; building brick, 18, 19, 20; clays, 16,, 17> Staite, So> iron ore, 365 lead, 72. Oriskany Falls, furnace flux, 63. Orleans county, sandstone, 67, 68. Oscawana, marble, 65. Ossining, marble, 65. Oswego, peat, 50. Oswego county, natural gas, 46, 48. Otisville, lead, 72. Palisades, trap, 57, 69. Palmer, Bros.,, 22.0." Paper manufacture, peat for, 40. Patagon Plaster Co., 56. Paterson, N. J.; 72. Pavilion Natural Gas Co., 46. Paving blocks, 59; made from gran- ite, 50; made from sandstone, 67; made from trap, 60. Paving brick, manufacture, 21; value of production, I5. Peat, 49-56. Peekskill, emery, 24. Petroleum, 8, 9, 10, 50-51; value of production, 7. Pettinos Bros., 26, 27. Phoenim Mead Co. 72. 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pierces Corners, galena, 72. Piletim, Paper -Co, 750: Pine pond, arsenical ore, II. Plaster; 927: Plaster of paris, 27. Pleasantville, marble, 65. Porcelain, 24; value of production, 23) Port Henry, furnace flux, 63; iron ore, 32, 33; titaniferous magnetite, Bie Port tlenry: tron OnesCorr20.cn: Port Richmond, trap, 60. Portage beds, 46. Portland cement, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. Potsdam sandstone, 60. Potter-Brown Cement Works, 14. Pottety, 6,00, 10) 22-23-52); wvalueyor production, 6-7, 16, 23. Powell & Minnock, 22. Power & Mining Machinery Co., 50. Preshrey, OF 4.33: Putnam county, arsenical ore, I1; arsenopyrite, 10; granite, 59. Putnam County Mining Corporation, mle Py Gite Oo. 1O, 1Omsennae Quarries, valuation of products re- ported by, 7. Outaytz, SOs 1On 25.052: Queens county, clays, 17; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21. Onnn see View Quinroy Construction Co., 60. Randolph, shale, 45. Reilly & Marks, 22. Rensselaer Brick Co., 22. Rensselaer county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 17; fire brick and stove lining, 21; slate, 563) terra, cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21. Retsof Mining Co., 54. Richmond county, building brick, 18; clays, 16, 17; fire brick and stove lining, 21; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21; trap, 57, 60. | Riprap, 590; made from granite, 59, 60; made from limestone, 60, 61; made from sandstone, 67. Road metal, 58; made from lime- stone, 60, OI. Rochester City Pottery, 23. Rochester Composite Brick Co., 56. Rock Glen Salt Co. 54: Rock pond, graphite, 26, 27. Rockland county, building brick, 18, 19, 20; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; limestone, 61, 63, 64; trap, 69. Rockland Lake Trap Rock Co., 609. Roonne slate, S, 0; 105-56: Rosendale cement, 13. Roseton Sand-Lime Brick Co., 56. Rossie Iron Ore Co, 320);)374= Rossville Brick Co., 22. Rourke, F. W. & Co.,- 56. Roxbury, shale, 45. Rubble, 50; from granite;* 50) Ge from limestone, 60, 61; from sand- stone, 66, 67. Rushville Mining & Gas Co., 47. St Josen, millstones, 44. St Lawrence county, bluestone, 68; building brick, 18: galena, yee hematite, 30, 37, 45; iron mines, 6; limestone, 63, 64; marble, 64; peat, 40; pyrite, 52, 71; talc, 7O5 stieame iferous magnetite, 31; zine, 72. St Lawrence Pulp Co., 7o. St Lawrence Pyrite Co; 52 Salem, slate, 56. Salisbury mine, 6. Salisbury Steel & Iron Co., 30. Salt, 7 7G7 Oy Oss 355. Sand-lime brick, 10, 55-56. Sandstone, 8, 9, 10, 66; value of pro- duction, 57, 58. Sand Stone Brick Co., 56. Saratoga county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; graphite, 27; limestone, 63, 64; trap, 57, 69. Saratoga Springs, carbon dioxide, 12. Saratoga Trap Rock Co., 60. Schenectady Brick Co., 56. eee ee ee ee ee ee eee oe ~ tl gee. ee ee a Pe PoE xX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 Schenectady county, fire brick and stove lining, 21; potteries, 23. Schoharie county, limestone, 63, 64. Schuyler county, salt, 54. Scorodite, Io. Seneca county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; limestone, 63, 64; natural gas, 47. Seneca Falls, natural gas, 47. Sewer pipe, manufacture, 21; value of production, 16. Shawangunk conglomerate, 66. Shawaneunk grit, 43. Sheridan, natural gas, 47. Shushan, slate, 56. Sidewalk brick, 16. Sienna, 45. Silicate paint, 52. Silver Creek, natural gas, 46, 47. Silver Creek Gas and Improvement Co., 47. Slate, 8, 9, 10, 56-57. Smith, C. A., 22. Smith, Edward J. & Co., 22. Smith, G. W., 25. Smock, John C., cited, 34; analysis of iron ore, 36-37. emayim C. HH. jr, cited, 30, 72. Solvay Process Co., 53, 54, 62. South Bay, graphite, 27. South Dover Marble Co., 65. South Shore Gas Co., 47. Staley & Co., 22. Standish, iron ore, 33. Staples, A. S., 22. Stella mine, 52. Sterling Salt Co., 54. Sterling Station, iron mines, 6, 30, 42. Steuben county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; natural gas, 47; paving brick, 21; petroleum, 50; terra cotta, fireproofing and _ building tile, 21. €tone, 57-69. See also Building stone ; Crushed stone; Monumental stone. Stoneware, manufacture, 23; value of production, 23. —— iE ge 79 Stove lining, manufacture, 21; value of production, 15. Suffolk county, building brick, 18; clays; 17; potteries, 23: Sullivan county, bluestone, 68. Syenite, 509. Syracuse, salt, 53; wall plaster, 28. Tahawus Iron Ore Co., 34. Maley 7. SOs Om 7O— 705 Naleville; 70; 71: Manite Cos 24 Terra cotta, 21; value of output, 6, 16. Ticonderoga Graphite Co., 27. Tide Water Pipe Co., Ltd., 51. Tile, 21; value of output, 6, 16. Titaniferous magnetite, see Mag- netite. (Wolves, (Se Ma Ze, Tompkins county, building brick, 18; clays 07: Salt; 54: Tap. 6, 1G, 10, 68-69; value of pro- duction, 57, 58. Trenton limestone, 46, 64. Troy, mineral paints, 45. Tuckahoe, marble, 65. Tusco Oil, Mineral & Gas Co., 47. Ulster Brick Co., 22. Ulster county, bluestone, 68; build- ine brick ic, 1Q, 20; clays, 16, 17: millstones, 43. Union Pipe Line Co., 51. Warton: Cale ‘Co., 71: United States Talc Co., 70. Van der Meulen & Wrylstra Art iPOttery, Co; 23: Vernon beds, 45. Vitrified paving brick, value of pro- duction, 16. Voorheesville, natural gas, 47. Warren county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; garnet, 25; granite, 50; graphite, 26; lime, 62; limestone, 61,63; Gxt. SO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Warsaw, salt, 53. Washington county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; feldspar, 24; fire brick and stove lining, 21; graphite, 27; lime, 62; limestone, 63, 64; ocher, A5> -pottertes,. 236 “red sslate. 5: slate, 56> trap, 63: Washington Mining Co., 72. Watertown Sand Brick Co., 56. Watkins, salt, 53. Wayne county, drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; hematite, 41, 44; -potter- feseee VWieleheGas Cot 47, Wellsville, petroleum, 51. West Chazy, furnace flux, 63. West Haverstraw Brick Co., 22. West Shore Stone Co., 59. Westchester county, building brick, 18, 20; building stone, 59; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; feldspar, 24; fire brick and stove lining, 21; granite, 59; limestone, 61, 63, 643 marble, 65; quartz, 52. Westfield, natural gas, 47. Wheatland, gypsum, 29; wall plaster, 28. White Plains, marble, 65. Whitehall, sienna, 45; slate, 56. Whitlock HP -cited, 12) William Connors Paint Manufactur- ings Co., ‘45. Wishart, George, analyses furnished bys hE 12: Witherbee, Sherman & Co, 3ayeg@ BQ: Wolcott, hematite, 41-42. Wood filler, 52. Woodhull, natural gas, 47. Wyoming county, bluestone, 67, 68; natural gas, 48; salt, 54. Yates county, natural gas, 47. Ziegler & Ziegler, 22. Le lee Appendix 2 Paleontology 17, 18 Museum bulletins 114, 118 q; 7 Rochester and Ontario Beach. Quadrangles 8 Portage and Nunda Quadrangles Published monthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 409 : AUGUST 1907 New York State Museum Joun M. Crarke, Director Bulletin 114 PALEONTOLOGY 17 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH -QUADRANGLES BY CoA HARENAGEL PAGE PAGE PMMUISEUGIN Ok. sec sy esse we've 5 Medina formation 3.25. 30.68. 10 Sequence of events preceding Chuatentormation.g.5 6238 6. oo. 12 the deposition of the rocks of Nia@ata fOriiatottescsccc eso - 17 firevikachester area. ........ 8 Salina-for mation. cni.ato connie 27 Poimnations........: Aan en HOE PUTER 2, 3 2 clr hate eet ee ae fie 33 Ge AQASS OLAATHO GA waren ? “es ( gry ATS Yechin? Lut: doritisqed aoltsaibal at ssa a70¥ won , cee 2 eae Ban aiieh eawrecID a nM 9 pi} a 110) oe i on Sane as aL: 2 M wmole pit att ee 4AM 91901089 me ay nat F Z tes ieee 8 OSD APOE Rea vA oF : \ cs dy? TAL) i aA bs aa is Leaca fone cael cpio By al teal noni: Ato ointar eran: | St ea Regt een eBeey tee Seren tos. Hi = , wh ww es \. a : pet ak can vay “we vy 3. . u > se PD oe - e745 7 £m ‘ Xt NOOJOTWO3IAG : ae . ‘ t e ‘ a: ne : B. Sh ot . * BG 7 oy med Dad New York State Education Department Science Division, June 2, 1906 flon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Str: I beg to communicate herewith, for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum, a Geological Map of the Rochester and Ontario Beach Quadrangles together with the explanatory matter pertaining thereto. Respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director Approved for publication this 3d day of June 1906 ed ON bat Commissioner of Education = ai % ww New York State Education Department N ew York State Museum Joun M. Criarke, Director Bulletin 114 PALEONTOLOGY 17 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES BY CoA TAR TNAGEL INTRODUCTION The area covered by this map is one long known in New York geology. As early as 1824, Prof. Amos Eaton? had given a brief account of the geology of this region. Later, in the days of the Original survey of the fourth district, Prof. James Hall carefully exploited the geology of Monroe county, and through the long inter- vening years his report has served as a standard for the general geology of the region. In carrying on the investigations for the present work, I have had the cordial cooperation of local geologists to whom I desire to express my appreciation and thanks. Prof. H. L. Fairchild has contributed information relative to the drift-covered area found in the southern part of the map and has given suggestions in regard to the units of sedimentation which have been used on the map. Prof. A. L. Arey has contributed a map on which were recorded rock excavations which are no longer accessible. This has been an aid in determin- ing the contact lines within the city limits. Mr G. H. Chadwick directed my attention to numerous outcrops which were indicated on a topographic sheet submitted for my use. t Geological and Agricultural Survey of the District Adjoining the Erie Canal. 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The region mapped lies between 43° and 43° 20’ north latitude and 77° 30’ and 77° 45’ west longitude, and exclusive of Lake Ontario comprises an area of: 239 square miles. The variation of the magnetic from the true meridian in this section is 8° west of the true north. The hight of the lowest area on the map is on the shore of Lake Ontario which is 247 feet above tide. ‘The highest points are in the vicinity of the Mendon hills, approximately 850 feet above tide. The higher elevations are due to drift accumulations upon the soft ‘Salina strata. The city of Rochester is situated nearly in the center of the map and many fine rock sections are shown along the Genesee river well within the city limits, while the numerous steam and trolley roads running from the city make most of the other areas of the map readily accessible. On the north, the area mapped is bounded by Lake Ontario. From the northwest corner of the map the lake shore extends in a southeast direction as far as Irondequoit bay, from which point a northeast direction is assumed, making within the hmits of this map the most southerly projecting point of Lake Ontario in New York. At the place where the lake has its greatest southern extension, Irondequoit bay opens. This bay, representing undoubtedly an unfilled preglacial channel, and though less than 5 miles in length, is the southernmost bay of this lake. The-“ ridge road” or the shore line of ancient Lake Iroquois passes across the map from both sides of the Genesee river in a nearly east and west line, having a slight northerly trend. The “ridge road,” while a conspicuous topographic feature, is not con- fined to any particular rock formation and is not to be confused as to its origin with the ridges or escarpments due to the erosion of the northerly edges of the southerly dipping rocks of this region. South from the “ridge road” the rocks of the Niagaran group are spread over a considerable area, so that the rock terrace so well developed in Niagara county, here finds expression in a much lower one in which the rocks of Clinton age are chiefly concerned. This terrace is best shown in the town of Greece along the line of the pres- ent Erie canal. Southward the outcropping edge of the Lockport dolomite rises in some localities above the general surface as a small ledge, but is less conspicuous than the preceding one. At the ridge or escarpment at Lewiston on the Niagara river, the Lockport dolo- ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 7 mite forms the upper member and its outcropping edge is almost directly above the Medina, as is shown in the nearly vertical section exposed along the Niagara river at Lewiston. In the vicinity of Rochester, however, the northern edge of the Lockport dolomite has weathered back from the Medina for a distance which averages more than a mile. The outcrops of the geologic formations on this map extend in a nearly east and west direction. Owing to the depth of the gorge, the upstream deflection of the outcrops are well shown in the Genesee river. Most interesting, however, is the southern V-shaped deflec- tion of the rock outcrops, into which the southern end of Irondequoit bay extends. On the basis of the rock geology alone, we have here ample evidence of a valley far more ancient than that of the present Genesee, which cuts through the same series of rocks but 5 miles farther west. ; A noteworthy feature and one which in no small degree has given to the vicinity of Rochester its geological prominence, is the fact that at two places and at but short distances apart, the rocks of the Niagaran group have been cut through by the Genesee river and the southerly extending streams tributary to Irondequoit bay, thus exposing to view and making possible the fine sections specially well shown along the Genesee. | The formations which are represented on the map all have a south- east dip of about 80 feet per mile and belong to the Ontaric or Upper Siluric system. Of the members comprising this system only the basal portion of the Medina is not represented in the region border- : ing on Lake Ontario. The southern portion of the map includes the members of the Salina stage. The Cobleskill dolomite is found a short distance south of the limits of the map. The Rondout water- lime and the Manlius limestone, the highest members of the Siluric system, are absent from this section of the State, thus making the Cobleskill the only formation of the Siluric, as known in western New York, that will not be represented on the map. 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The formations involved are as follows in descending order: “ UNITS OF SEDIMENTATION ERA OR PERIOD OR AGE OR REPRESENTED IN COLOR SYSTEM GROUP STAGE ON THE MAP ( Bertie waterlime i Camillus shale | Vernon shale | Pittsford-shale ( Lockport dolomites with | interbedded Guelph Niagara 203) femnas | Lockport dolomites | Rochester shale ( Irondequoit limestone | Williamson shale Clinton {4 Wolcott limestone | Furnaceville ore | Sodus shale ( Upper Medina (sand- Oswegan < Medina { stones and shales) | Lower Medina (shales) Cayugan Salina ( Ontaric or Niagaran 4 Upper Siluric | l Sequence of events preceding the deposition of the rocks of the Rochester area Although the Medina is the lowest formation that 1s exposed in western New York, well records have shown that we have the com- plete older series‘as known in the Mohawk valley, around the south- east border of the Adirondacks and in Canada. The following table gives the order of succession of the rocks of the Rochester region below the Ontaric or Upper Siluric as deter- mined from well records. *ERA OR PERIOD OR AGE OR THICKNESS SYSTEM GROUP STAGE IN FEET ? Nae Lorraine beds ) Cincinnatian 8 Utica shale { 59 Champlainic or ( Trenton limestone | Lower Siluric 4 Mohawkian 4 { Black River limestone }~. 954 | Lowville limestone : Canadian Beekmantown dolomite 137 (Little Falls dolomite) Cambric or Tao Saratogan Potsdam (?) | ATChHeaDy. & acess 6 a0 5 5s bie > wine as Rita eee ttetel tetera ate ee ear : Zeit Vena TOO? este 1 Fairchild, H. L. Roch. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1891. 1:184. There is some evidence indicating the presence of the Potsdam. See 2:95, 102, 216, 217. RCCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES . 9 Toward the close of Lower Siluric time the land and seas were becoming urstable. The culmination was finally reached with the Taconic revolution? which began near. the close of the Lorraine and the great disturbance which followed resulted in the Green mountain uplift. The results of this mountain building were of great import- ance and affected the region from the St Lawrence to Alabama. In New York the whole eastern portion of the State became land. With the elevation of the land, folding and a planing down of the surface began. ‘Thus in the sections where folding and erosion were the most extensive, this planing down had the effect of bringing the older formations to view. Much of these folded and eroded rocks were included in the old term “Hudson River group,” formerly supposed to be entirely above the Trenton, but which Dr Ruede- mann? has shown includes beds which range in age from middle Trenton to the close of the Lorraine. The western effect of this uplift in New York seems not to have extended farther than the east end of Lake Ontario, since in this vicinity we have the Oswego sandstone which is the lowest member of the Upper Siluric, following directly and in perfect conformity to the Lorraine shales.3 The transition from the Lor- raine beds to the Oswego sandstone is one of importance, for it involves the question of a possible equivalency herein to the Rich- mond beds of Ohio and Indiana. These latter beds which are above the Lorraine contain recurring Trenton fossils. The Oswego sand- stone is almost nonfossiliferous and thus paleontological evidence for correlation is wanting. Inthe light of our present knowledge it seems best to regard the Richmond beds as deposited just as the Taconic revolution was in progress and just after the Lorraine deposits were brought to a close in eastern New York. These changes of conditions were most marked in New York and under their influence the Lorraine fauna disappears ; but farther west the conditions appear to have been favorable for the development of the Richmond fauna. rt See Ulrich & Schuchert. N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. rgor. p. 646. 2 N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 42. xrgor. p. 567. 3 Geol. N. Y. 3d Dist. 1842. p. 61. ac 4 4 The question involving the equivalency of the Oswego sandstone and the Richmond beds, as well as the system in which they belong, is one which requires considerations of such detail that it can not be discussed within the scope of this paper. The Oswego sandstone is therefore retained as a member of the Upper Siluric, although there is evidence which may show that all of the Oswego and probably part of the Medina could with propriety be included with the Lower Siluric. IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM All the strata which are shown in the Rochester region were laid down in the Mississippian sea. This sea in eastern New York was limited by a barrier which separated the waters of the Atlantic from those of the interior basin. As early as Medina time there was a subsidence of thé land at least along the western side of the barrier, and as the Mississippian sea gradually transgressed toward the east, the deposits from the Medina to the close of the Salina overlapped the next older formation. There was a slight uplift at the close of the Clinton and the effects are noticeable in’the central portion of the State where the upper portion of the Niagaran does not overlap the Clinton. Finally the Salina period was brought to a close by the sub- mergence of the barrier to the east and we have once again the waters of the Mississippian sea mingling with those of the Atlantic. FORMATIONS In ascending order Medina formation. This formation takes its name from Medina, N. Y. at which place an excellent section of the upper part is shown along Oak Orchard creek. It will best serve our purpose to describe the Medina of the Rochester region under two divisions. Lower Medina shale. YVhis division consists of an extensive series of soft, red shales, with occasionally a small amount of interbedded silicious material. The total thickness of the red shales is about eYere) feet. The greater portion of the outcropping edge of the formation is concealed beneath Lake Ontario so that only about 1oo feet are shown within the limits of the mip. Along the Oswego river these shales are seen at numerous points. They are here more silicious and follow the Oswego sandstone, the lowest member of the Upper Siluric. The Oswego does not outcrop anywhere in western New York, but from borings we know that it is present with a thickness of about 85 feet. | The beds of this division are well shown in the gorge of the Genesee river from below the lower falls nearly to Charlotte. The rock as here exposed is made up of red arenaceous shales in which occasionally are found thin beds of sandstone. From below the lower falls the bed.of the Genesee is entirely excavated in these red snales. Upon exposure to the atmosphere, they break up into small angular fragments, which in course of time disintegrate and form a soft reddish soil, which often becomes covered with vegetation. At ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES Ir points where the rock is not too badly decomposed, there are some- times found white and green bleached bands usually occurring at right angles to the bedding planes. Along the shore of Lake Ontario some of ine harder beds may be seen. One such exposure is shown at Windsor Beach and another at Forest Lawn. Throughout the time of the deposition of these red shales, the conditions were very unfavorable to the existence of life in these waters, and there have been no fossils found in the beds. Upper Medina sandstone and shale. The passage from the lower to the upper division of the Medina marks a change in the character of sedimentation, brought about, in part, by a greater expansion of the sea. This change was accompanied by a clearing of the waters and the introduction of marine life. In central New York the lower divi- sion extends as far east as the vicinity of Rome. The upper division represented by about roo feet extends 4o miles farther east nearly to Cherry Valley. To the east of Oneida county, this upper division has usually been referred to the Oneida conglomerate. This con- glomerate has generally been correlated with the lower division of the Medina and considered as the stratigraphic equivalent of the Oswego sandstone. Since, however, this conglomerate forms the overlapping eastward extension of the Medina, it can only represent the upper part. From the close proximity of the Oneida to the Clinton wherever the conglomerate is found, and from the presence of the fossil Fucoides harlani, whichis restricted to the upper Medina, the Oneida conglomerate is here considered a local facies ‘of the upper Medina. In passing west from Oneida county, the ‘upper Medina becomes less conglomeratic, though in the Rochester section pebbles are found in some of the upper layers. West from Rochester and in the Niagara region, the lower division is followed by about 25 feet of gray quartzose sandstone. This layer contains the remains of Lingula cuneata which is also found in. the upper Medina at Rochester. This sandstone appears to correspond approximately to the base of the Medina of the eastern sections, both occurring at a little more than roo feet below the base of the Clinton. In the Niagara region this sandstone 1s followed by a series of shales and thin-bedded sandstones. The shales are similar to those of the lower Medina and indicate a temporary return to * conditions of sedimentation similar to those which prevailed during lower Medina time, The uppermost stratum of the Medina is 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM marked throughout western New York by a band of gray sandstone which at Rochester is 5 feet thick. This upper stratum has long ce been referred to as the “ gray band” of the Medina. In the Rochester region the changes so well marked to the east and the west are not well shown and the red color of the rock is retained up to the “gray band.” In the Genesee gorge the upper division of the Medina comprises a series of sandstones with some interbedded shaly material. The harder projecting beds of sand- stones are shown in the cliffs at the lower falls. The thickness which may with certainty be ascribed to the upper division is about 60 feet, but on the basis of the adjoining sections the whole distance represented by the hight of the falls, which is 96 feet, should be included in the upper division. The sandstones at the top of the Medina often show ripple marks and across lamination which makes the rock appear to be inclined. These are both indicative of shallow-water conditions at the time of deposition. ee Fossils are not numerous in the upper Medina at Rochester. Fucoides harlani Hall (=Arthrophycus alleghani- ensis Harlan) is the most interesting and occurs in the layers below the “gray band.”’ It isan abundant fossil and has a wide dis- ‘tribution in the upper Medina, to which it appears to be confined and thus serves as an excellent horizon marker. It is known from the Medina of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Though usually regarded as a marine plant it has recently been shown by C. J. Sarle* to be of burrow origin and probably Annelidan. ‘ "gray band,” which is excellently shown at the lower falls, where this gray The closing phase of Medina time is represented by the layer shows in marked contrast between the Clinton shales above and the red Medina below. : The sandstones of the upper Medina are of great economic import- ance. The excellent quality of this stone for structural and street work has given it a wide reputation. All the sandstone quarries between the Genesee and the Niagara rivers are in the upper division of the Medina. Clinton formation. This series of rocks follows directly above the.Medina. "The name is from the: village of Clinton-in ‘central New York where these beds attain a thickness of about 175 feet: t Roch. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1906. 4: 203. ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 13 The Clinton in this section is made up of a rather complex series of limestones, shales, sandstones, and beds of iron ore. On account of the variable nature of this formation, 1t was termed by Vanuxem the “ Protean group.” The maximum thickness is in the vicinity of Clinton and from this point the formation thins both to the east and the west. In Wayne and Monroe counties, five distinct divisions can be recognized. The section of the Clinton rocks as exposed in the Genesee gorge is complete, every foot of the formation being accessible. On account of the fine sections shown at Rochester and farther east in Wayne county, it has been deemed advisable to describe the different units of sedimentation under distinct names. This it is hoped will in the future be an aid in the attempt to work out the relation between the Clinton of central and western New York. The names of. the subdivisions of the Chnton beginning with the lowest are as follows: (1) Sodus shale; (2) Furnaceville iron ore; (3) Wolcott limestone; (4) Williamson shale; (5) Irondequoit limestone. Sodus shale. This is a bright green shale and at Rochester it is 24 feet thick. ‘The name is from the town of Sodus in Wayne county where this division is well shown in the vicinity of Sodus bay. This shale succeeds the Medina abruptly. It appears to be much thinner at some points in Wayne county than at Rochester, but thins in going west, and at Niagara it is but 6 feet thick. ‘The shale is quite soft, splits into very thin layers and is easily broken up, and when exposed to the atmosphere changes into a greenish, claylike material. The shale of the lower division is very unctuous and may be distinguished from the upper shale by its more uniform color, the absence of limestone bands and by the almost complete absence of fossils. The few fossils that do occur are mostly so called fucoids which remain attached to the lower side of the firmer bands of rock when the latter are removed. A number of imperfectly preserved brachiopods are also found. The best exposure of this rock is in the gorge between the lower and middle falls of the Genesee. It is well shown for a considerable distance along the gorge where it is seen to rest upon the “gray band” of the Medina. Another readily accessible exposure is along Dens- more creek? at which place fucoids may be obtained. t It is probable that sewer excavations now in progress along Densmore creek, will destroy the section which at present is favorable for the study of the lower Clinton, 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Furnaceville tron ore. Yhe name of this bed is from Furnaceville in Wayne county, near which place the ore has been worked for many years. The ores of the Clinton! have a very wide areal distribution and have various names applied to them, as oolitic, lenticular and fossil ores. In structure the ore varies in different sections. At Rochester there is a replacement of fossils, such as crinoids and bryozoans. In addition there is a considerable number of spherules, each made up of a nucleus of silica surrounded by a number of thin concentric coats of ferric oxid and silica. The ore at Rochester is strictly a fossil ore, but owing to the presence of lenticular shaped spherules, it may be referred to as lenticular or oclitic ores) tie ore is hematite or the sesquioxid of iron (Fe, O;). On account of the earthy texture of this ore, it is always red in color. In the vicinity of Clinton, N. Y. therevare three distinct bedsiims these ores. In passing west, the upper beds fail and the remaining one shown wm the Rochester section is 14 inches thick. This ore bed can not extend far west of Rochester, for here is the last known exposure and at Niagara Falls the bed does not exist. The ores of the Clinton group are of great economic importance and beds as thin as 22 inches are at present being profitably worked. In New York the iron is mined at Ontario, Wayne county, Sterling Station, Cayuga county, and near Utica in the town of Kirkland. Wolcott limestone. This limestone has been traced from the Niagara river eastward to Cayuga county. It undoubtedly extends farther east, but on account of poor exposures and probable change in litho- logic features and faunal contents, it has not been recognized.” ibis limestone is named from Wolcott in Wayne county, from which point west to beyond the Genesee the large brachiopod Pentam erus oblongus is very characteristic of the division and on this account it was formerly called the Pentamerus limestone. This fossil becomes less abundant in going west from Rochester and at Niagara it is not found though farther west in Ohio and Indiana it occurs in the Clinton strata and again higher up in the Guelph limestone. At Rochester this limestone is 14 feet thick. It is well shown at the middle falls, of which it forms the crest. Loose fragments of the t See Smythe, G. H. jr. Am. Jour. Sci. 1892. 43: 487. F . e ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES Is limestone are often found made up largely of the fossil Pentamerus and fragments of crinoids. The Wolcott limestone has the appearance of a crystalline lime- stone, and on account of its power to resist heat it has been used as a firestone for chimneys, hearths etc. Associated with it are a number of minerals, some of which are found in cavities in the rock and sometimes in geodes. Of these, gypsum, barite, chalcopyrite, malachite and several varieties of quartz, including chalcedony and carnelian, are the more numerous. Williamson shale. This division is well developed in Wayne and Monroe counties. West from Monroe the formation is less developed and on the Niagara river it is not found, the Irondequoit hmestone resting directly upon the Wolcott limestone. As the Furnaceville ore is also absent we have but three of the five divisions of the Clinton represented at Niagara. The Williamson shale is 24 feet thick at Rochester and like the other divisions of the Clinton, it is best shown in the gorge of the Genesee. The shale is shown in both banks of this river, above the middle falls and extending north from the lower falls in the sides of the gorge. As it occupies a position between two limestones it appears ina ‘marked contrast where the total thickness is shown. When the position of this shale is not indicated by the presence of the limestones either above or below, it is hkely to be confused with the Sodus shale, specially when the outcrops have been badly weath- ered. The Williamson shale may, however, in most cases, be distin- guished from the Sodus shale as below indicated. The Williamson shale is not of so uniform green color and interbedded in it is a number of purple bands. The mass as a whole is very fossiliferous and in it are found two or three thin bands of pearly limestone. These limestone bands are made up of closely crowded shells of Anoplotheca hemispherica, to which they owe their pearly luster. These limestones often project from the shale and form small ledges. Interbedded in this formation there are also found some very dark thin shales containing graptolites in great profusion. It is of interest to note here that in New York this bed of graptolites marks the highest horizon at which they are known to exist in 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM abundance. Other species occur in the Rochester shale and a few species extend into the Devonic. ‘The group however reaches its culmination in the lower formations of the State and when found they are nearly always seen to occur in thin black bands of shale similar to that of the Clinton. The graptolhte shales are well shown in Palmer’s glen near Brighton. Here the shales appear well down in the glen where the two streams unite. Loose fragments of dark shale covered with graptolites may be found in the stream bed, while the bank of the stream affords a very favorable place for collecting. Trondequoit limestone. This limestone constitutes the highest mem- ber of the Clinton group in this section. The name is from the town of Irondequoit, which lies between Irondequoit bay and the Genesee river. : The limestone rests directly on the Williamson shale, and its numerous layers of limestone are separated by bands of shale of various thickness. . In the lower portion of the formation, the shale is similar to the green shale of the Williamson member, but in the upper part the shale is gray and resembles that of the Rochester formation. Some of the layers of limestone show a crystalline struc- ture, the rock being made up largely of the broken remains of corals, crinoids and various shells. The limestone is quite variable in com- position, and from the presence of iron pyrites it is often stained with iron as a result of the decomposition of the pyrites. | Of special interest is the occurrence of numerous reeflike struc- tures at the top of this limestone. These are mostly lenticular in shape and several are found in the outcrops on the Genesee river. These structures are very numerous and can be observed at many points where the Irondequoit hmestones outcrop, from Wayne county to the Niagara river. A special study of these reef structures has been made by C. J. Sarle,t who has shown that they consist mainly of masses of bryo- zoans which are still in position as when formed. ‘The rapid growth of these masses is indicated by the fact that in some cases they more than kept pace with the accumulating sediment and the mass rises above the general level. The growth of these masses finally ceased 1 Amer. Geol. Nov. 1gor. p. 282. See also Clarke. N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. <=gor. p. 428-31. ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES THY with the increasing amount of silt beginning with the deposition @eeune Rochester shale. The arching of the Rochester -shale over some of these masses forms a conspicuous fedture of these structures. In the Genesee gorge these reefs may be observed at the base of the Rochester shale, not far above the water level, just above the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad bridge. ‘These are the most accessible for examination, though others are found along the gorge and in Palmer’s glen. These structures were very favor- able for the existence of other forms of life. Specially is this true of those which in their larval and later form had a fixed mode of life. For such, these reeflike structures offered an excellent place for attachment. The number of species already recorded from these reefs is more than too. Some species occur in large numbers, as for example the brachiopod Whitfieldella nitida and the trilobite Illae- nus ioxus. This trilobite is usually not found complete, but multitudes of cephalic and caudal shields are found closely packed together. Other common forms include Atrypa reticularis Saemacovoecchia neglecta, Spirifér crispus,, Lep- taena rhomboidalis and Calymmene niagarensis. The affinities of the fauna of the Irondequoit limestone and specially of the lenses, show a close connection with the fauna of the Roches- ter shale. Niagara formation. Rochester shale. The term Rochester shale was first used by Hall in 1838. Since that time the term Niagara shale has been frequently apphed to this formation, but in the revised nomenclature of the New York rock series by Clarke and schuchert, the term Rochester shale was revived with its original significance. Along the Genesee river this formation forms the top of the gorge, from north of Driving Park bridge, nearly to the upper falls where a few feet of the lower part of the Lockport dolomite are shown. With the exception of these few feet of dolomite at the crest, the whole vertical hight of the falls is made up of Rochester shale. The river bed from below the falls to just below the Vincent street bridge, where the Irondequoit limestone shows, is excavated in this shale. 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The shale is shown at numerous localities about Rochester and ia excavating in the north part of the city the shale 1s ®oerem encountered. It may also be observed near the canal in the town of Greece and in several of the ravines leading to Irondequoit bay. : The Rochester shale is known as far eastward as Oneida county, and probably extends still farther east into Herkimer county where a shale similar to it 1s found just below the concretionary layers of _ the Lockport dolomite. It is well developed at Wolcott in Wayne county where it is seen at the falls in the village. From here to the Niagara river, it outcrops at many points. At Niagara it forms the lower 80 feet of the falls escarpment. The Rochester formation has a wide distribution in the interior of the United States where, though the lithologic features have changed, it may be recognized by the fossils. In the Rochester region this shale is about 85 feet thick. It is of quite a uniform dark blue color at the bage and nearer the ‘top it becomes lighter in color, where the bands of limestone appear. The shale as a whole is very evenly bedded and the layers vary but little in hardness and asa result the faces of some of the shale cliffs are very even. On exposure it changes to a lighter color. The ypper layers are hard and quite resistant and have been quarried for foundation purposes. The lower part when freshly excavated appears quite firm, but on exposure it checks rapidly and soon dis- integrates into clay. The Rochester shale is very rich in fossil. remains. ..At the base, fossils are not numerous, but a few feet above they become abundant. Toward the top they again become less abundant, the upper few feet being practically barren. Fossils may be obtained along the gorge where is found much talus material. -:This is often badly broken up, but fragments of the harder calcareous layers are found with fossils in abundance. Excavations in the soft shales often bring to view fine specimens, but if not immediately collected, they will be destroyed through the disintegration of the mass which quickly follows. The excavations for the new barge canal in the town of Greece are at present in the Rochester shale and undoubtedly large collections could be made at this point. The number of species recorded is very large and the following list includes the more common forms found in the Rochester region: ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES Enterolasma caliculus Hull Favosites constrictus Hall Cladopora seriata Hall Chilotrypa ostiolata Hall Subretepora dichotoma /al/ Fenestella elegans Hal/ Semicoscinium tenuiceps “all Polypora incepta Hall Sagenella membranacea Hall Dictyonema retiforme Hal/ Inocaulis plumulosus /ad// Eucalyptocrinus decorus P/illips Caryocrinus ornatus Say Lingula lamellata Hal/ , Pholidops squamiformis /7a// Dalmanella elegantula Dalman Rhipidomella hybrida Sowerby Orthis flabellites Hal/ Orthostrophia fasciata Hall Plectambonitestransversalis Wahlenberg Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg Orthothetes subplanus Conrad Spirifer sulcatus Azsznger Lockport dolomite. and continuing until Salina time, magnesian limestones or more properly dolomites. S. crispus “Hisinger S. niagarensis Conrad S. radiatus Sowerby Whittieldella nitida Hall Atrypa reticularis Linné Camarotoechia neglecta Hall Dictyonella corallifera Hall Pterinea emacerata Conrad P. undata Hall Lyriopecten (?) orbiculatus Hall Diaphorostoma niagarense Hall Gomphoceras sp. Orthoceras imbricatum Sowerby O. virgatum Sowerby O. annulatum Sowerby Cyrtoceras subcancellatum Hall Conularia niagarensis Hal/ Calymmene niagarensis Hall Illaenus ioxus Hall Dalmanites limulurus Greex Ceraurus niagarensis Hall Homalonotus delphinocephalus Greex Lichas boltoni Bigsby Following the deposition of the Rochester shale there was laid down a series of These beds as early as 1838 were described by Hall under the term Lockport limestone. In western New York this series of dolomites is characterized by the presence of two distinct faunas, which though subject to variation in species combinations may still be referred to as alter- nating or recurring. While similar conditions exist at Rochester, the section which most clearly illustrates these relations is at Shelby in Orleans county. At this locality, Clarke and Ruedemann! have constructed the follow- ing section: tN. Y. State Mus. Mem.5. 1903. p. 12. 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 8-10" 7 2d Guelph fauna; upper Shelby dolomite Lockport dolomites ee onl ia a 1st Guelph fauna; lower Shelby dolomite 3 —————— Balhae S | 2 eee dolomites largely covered 60’ | I Rocnester shale Immediately above the Rochester shale, there are 62 feet of Lock- port dolomite with its characteristic fauna. Then in the next 3 feet is the first appearance of the Guelph fauna. This is succeeded by 32 feet of Lockport dolomite with its characteristic fauna and finally above this, in the 8 to 10 feet of dolomite, is the second appearance of the Guelph fauna. The dolomite containing the upper Guelph fauna completes the section at Shelby, the interval to the Pittsford shale not being shown. In Monroe county the,Salina appears to follow just above the last appearance of the Guelph fauna as there known. It should be ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES aI stated, however, that the closing stages of the dolomite period in western New York were extremely complex, and we are not in a position to say positively that everywhere in New York State the upper Guelph fauna terminates this series. In the excavations made at Dufferin islands at Niagara Falls, the section which was temporarily exposed showed a fauna that included both Lockport and Guelph species. As this horizon is above the crest of the falls, it represents a higher horizon than the upper Guelph, as determined along the Niagara gorge and at Shelby. Above this exposure at the falls there are at least 4o feet before the Salina series appears. In the type section for the Guelph in Canada, it is considered as following the Lockport and is there regarded both as a faunistic and hthologic element in the succession of Siluric rocks. Of the two Guelph beds at Shelby, it is of importance to note that the fauna of the lower is of the purer Guelph type, while Mende upper the presence of Lockport species is much more pronounced. The 32 feet of dolomites separating these two faunas are quite free from Guelph fossils, the species found being all of the Lockport type. At Rochester it is the upper Guelph fauna that appears in greatest force and its admixture and complication with the Lockport fauna is very noticeable. In regard to the Lockport and Guelph faunas, it should be stated _that the former represents the normal or indigene fauna, which is the immediate successor of, and derivative -from the Rochester shale fauna. The Guelph fauna on the other hand is not to be considered as derived from the Lockport and Rochester shale faunas as pre- sented in the strata which immediately precede the first appearance of the Guelph fauna. It is, therefore, in the New York province to be regarded as an alien fauna which invaded this section of the State from the west and temporarily displaced the normal or Lock- port fauna. The peculiar conditions which brought about the intro- duction of the Guelph fauna into the Lockport sediments will be stated later. On the map the lower portion of the Lockport dolomites which is free from the Guelph species we have designated simply as Lock port dolomites and the upper portion as Loceyor dolomite with interbedded Guelph faunas. 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The lower part of the Lockport is well shown at the crest of the apper falls at Rochester, at the quarries on Goodman street and at the culvert where the main line of the New York Central Railroad crosses Allen creek. . The change from the Rochester shale is a very gradual one. This transition is accompanied by change in color of the rock as may be observed from the Platt street bridge. It will be observed that the more massive layers which form the crest of the falls extend for a distance at the top of the gorge on both sides of the river. The admixture of the clayey material in these basal layers of the Lock- port give it the chemical composition of a natural hydraulic cement. ‘These layers, however, have been used but httieanas cement purposes. Some of the upper layers which form the crest of the falls contain a number of crinoid stems, some of which measure 18 inches in length. Farther west in Monroe county these crinoids become more numerous and at Lockport they occur in such abundance “ crinoidal that the layer containing them has been designated the limestone.” | The quarries on Goodman street show the transition beds to the best advantage. Portions of the quarries extend down into the Rochester shale. At the bottom of these quarries native sulfur is found on some of the dark layers of the Rochester formation. A fine sulfur spring was encountered in excavating in this formation for the barge canal in the town of Greece. Some of the basal layers of the Lockport are separated by thin layers of shale and are very irregular in their stratification. Cross-bedding is very characteristic of many of the lower portions which present an appearance of sand- stone. It may be shown, however, that most of the grains consist of small particles of dolomite. The two sections which show the Lockport dolomites to the best advantage are along the Genesee river from the upper falls to the rapids near South park and along Allen creek, 3 miles southeast from Rochester. The former section is about in the center of the city of Rochester and except where obstructed by dams, nearly the entire section can be examined at times of low water. At Rochester the divisions of the Lockport dolomites, based mainly on the lithologic character of the rock, were described by Hall: as follows in descending order: zrGeol. N. Y. 4th Dist. 1843. p. 87. ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 23 & Thin-bedded dark gray or brownish limestones. Few cavities. Highly bituminous. Sometimes contains nodules of hornstone. 4 Thick-bedded dark or bluish gray limestone with irregular cavi- ties, and often silicious accretions, or hornstone. Surface very ragged from weathering. Highly bituminous. 3 A lighter colored subcrystalline mass, very irregularly stratified, contorted and concretionary. 2 A bluish gray subcrystalline mass, mostly thin-bedded, and separated by seams of dark shale. 1 Gray or bluish gray silicious limestone; hydraulic limestone, or beds of passage from the shale below. The Allen creek section, while not a continuous one, 1s favorable for examining the varying characters of this series. The lowest exposure 1s seen just north from the culvert on the main line of the New York Central Railroad. The outcrops along the creek and at the Corbett quarry well expose the lower layers of the dolomite. The irregular bedding of some of the lower layers is well shown at the quarry. This exposure continues through the culvert to the south side of the railroad and then follows a covered interval of about 10 feet. ‘The next exposure is seen at Allen creek both above and below the East avenue road. The rock is a very hard dolomite containing a number of cavities. Corals, fragments of crinoids and meaopmeodonta profunda have been obtained here. After another covered interval of about 20 feet, an exposure is seen just below where the stream is crossed by the highway. The lower part of the outcrop consists of evenly bedded dolomites, overlain by darker rock containing much Stromatopora. About 2 feet of con- cretionary layers are shown above the dark dolomite. Farther up the stream are ro feet of dark dolomites with corals, followed by 5 feet of hard thin-bedded layers and terminated above by 12 feet of dark brown dolomite containing Stromatopora, Halysites and Favo- ames lhisis the highest exposure of the Lockport dolomite on this creek. The next exposure above, which is just south of the road leading to South Park, belongs to the Salina series, dhe following is a condensed section along Allen creek,. the thickness of which, as in the above description, 1s taken from Clarke and Ruedemann.?_ In ascending order: FEET Poesaiebeus of irregular bedded rough dolomites -...2..:... 20 Meaverea Iiterval ok... Ses a er Fen ae laerycieiractis Meare ie) rN. Y. State Mus. Mem. 5. 1903. p. 28. 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM FEET 3 Hard, dark dolomites with cavities. Stropheodonta profunda, crinoid fragments and corals are found. The upper part of this exposure has the stratigraphic position of the lower Shelby dolomite which contains Guelph fossils.. 25 A Covered interval sso. eee BC SERA ¢ ete weno mache sete eae neeae 20 5 Hven bedded: dolomitesw.:. . ssa. ca: cuctere alenyeetaan oeaersiete oie i 6 Dark dolomites with Stromatopora <<... cic oemie =< = 7 Fine, hard, thin-bedded dolomite... j22: ssc ae ae: oe 8 Dark brown dolomite with corals..... Se Meer ey Sic 12 g Covered interval. Probably represents upper Guelph hori- LAO teltelietehar challemieielstchatebeusite Be) a) eee Le Oe £0 8) 2 ee Se eeece@eeteeenrseeeeeee ES The above section does not include a few feet at the base and at the top of the section. However, the total thickness of the Lock- port dolomites is not far from 130 feet. The fauna of the Lockport dolomite exclusive of the Guelph species is not an abundant one in the Rochester section, ‘the more pro- lific development being to the west in Orleans and Niagara counties. Of about 40 species described by Hall, less than 10 are mentioned as occurring in Monroe county. x The’ total number of Guelph species at present known New York is 71.. Species to the number of 52 are recorded imam Rochester and of these 17 species are common to the Niagaran fauna of New York. Most of the species from Rochester are found in white chert nodules which occur in the upper part of the dolo- mites. The Nellis quarry was formerly the source of a number of these nodules, but as the quarry is now filled they can no longer be obtained. In excavating for the new West High School building, which is but a few rods from the Nellis quarry, a considerable amount of material was taken out which yielded a number of the nodules with finely preserved fossils. From these excavations there were also obtained a number of fine crystallized specimens of dolomite, calcite, fluorite, gypsum and galena. Aside from the fossils in these nodules, Guelph species are quite rare in the dolomites. Occasionally, how- ever, specimens are found lower than the chert-bearing dolomites as known in the vicinity of the high school building. ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 25 ihe annex quarry Polewmita scamnata has’ been found and several specimens of this species were obtained from the Trabold quarry, a few miles west of Rochester. It appears quite probable that we have other earlier manifestations of the Guelph fauna in the vicinity of Rochester and that patient search may reveal the presence of additional species that would bear some relation to the lower Shelby fauna. Scattered over the surface of the country about Rochester, are a number of Lockport boulders which weather brown, and contain cavities which give the rock a very scraggy appearance. Occasion- ally on some of these boulders fossils are found standing out in relief. On breaking the rock, the glistening surface and petroleum odor are very noticeable. The physical conditions during late Lockport time are of special interest for they involve the last of the true marine deposits of Siluric time, and throw much light on the presence of the Guelph fauna in the dolomites, as well as accounting for the high magnesian content of the rock. We must conceive of a shallowing Lockport sea, gradually becoming more inclosed. This was accompanied by an increase in the saline and magnesian content of the sea water. Under these conditions coral reefs became very abundant and favorable for the existence of life under new conditions and environments. Clarke and Ruedemann! state that the chert-bearing dolomite is highly magnesian, containing about 44% of .magnesian carbonate. It shows no stratification, is usually dark and so bituminous that it gives off a strong petroleum odor when fresh or when struck with the hammer. It is for the most part granular, though compact and contains numerous white silicious concretions in which the fossils are preserved. We may note that the admixture of bituminous mat- ter in these Guelph dolomites is a further indication of their coral reef origin, or is at least in harmony with recent observations on living coral reefs where petroleum has been found in process of formation as a result of the transformation of the organic matter of the reef. The cavernous character of the dolomite may, according to the views of Walther and others, be regarded not as the result of subsequent corrosion, but as the remnants of original cavities in the growing reef which have not been closed up with coral sand. The chert concretions which are characteristic of the upper Guelph horizon at Rochester and Shelby are doubtless a by-product of the diagenesis which altered the coral lime rock to a dolomite. tN. Y. State Mus, —Mem,’5. 1903. p. 115, 116, 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ‘These nodules contain fossils with their exterior ornament finely retained, that is, replaced in amorphous silica, while in the dolomite the shell substance has been removed and never replaced. The source of the silica here, as in the like segregations associated with limestone, \s probably to be found in the spicules of sponges. It will thus be seen that with the increasing salinity, the Lock- port fauna gave way to the Guelph fauna. At first this condition was only temporary and the Lockport fauna under normal con- ditions once more establishes itself, but is finally displaced by the Guelph fauna which in turn disappears with the formation of the Salina sea. The Guelph fauna as a whole presents two distinct types of structure, in that the shells are either large and heavy-shelled or small and thin-shelled. The first of these may be regarded as hy- ing on the exposed edges of the coral reefs and the second in the sheltered places among the coral reefs. It may also be stated that the Lockport and Rochester forms found in the Guelph mostly belong to the smaller type. The following is a list of Guelph' species which have been found in the vicinity of Rochester. Those marked with an asterisk are also found lower in the Niagaran of New York. Corals Zaphrentis cf. racinensis Whitfield *F. gothlandicus Lambe * Enterolasma cf. caliculus Hall F. forbesi Adwards & Haime * Diplophyllum caespitosum Hal? * Halysites catenularius Linndé Heliophyllum sf. *H. agglomeratus Hall * Favosites niagarensis Hal/ Stromatopora galtensis Dawson F, hisinger1 Zdwards & Haime Clathrodictyum ostiolatum Vecholson Brachiopods Crania sf. C.? indianensis Hal? *Dalmanella cf. elegantula Dalman * Spirifer crispus Avsinger * Rhipidomella cf. hybrida Sowerby * Whitfieldella nitida Hall * Camarotoechia? neglecta Hall Pelecypods Mytilarca eduliformis Clarke & Ruede- Pterinea subplana Hall mann Conocardium s/f. Gastropods Trematonotus alpheus Had/ Poleumita scamnata Clarke & Ruede- Diaphorostoma niagarense Hall mani 1 All the species of the Guelph of New York have been described and illustrated by Clarke and Ruedemann in Memoir 5 of the New York State Museums ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 27 P. sulcata Hall Hormotoma whiteavesi Clarke & Ruede- P. crenulata Whiteaves mann Eotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves Coelidium macrospira Hall E. areyi Clarke & Ruedemann Ci epaviteliag bevajees E. kayseri Clarke &Ruedemann Macrochilina sf. Lophospira bispiralis Hal/ Euomphalus fairchildi’ Clarke & Ruede= mann Cephalopods Orthoceras trusitum Clarke & Ruede- Cyrtoceras cf. brevicorne Hall mann C. bovinum Clarke & Ruedemann * Dawsonoceras annulatum var. ameri- Trochoceras desplainense J/cChesney canum ford (var.) Poterioceras sauridens Clarke & Ruede- *Kionoceras darwini Billings mann K. cf. medullare Hall Phragmoceras parvum Hall & Whit. Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hal/ field - C. orodes Billings Vermes *Cornulites arcuatus Conrad Crustacea Leperditia balthica var. guelphica *Calymmene niagarensis Hal’ Jones Proetus sp. Ter Ss Salina formation. This term was introduced by Dana and is used in place of the older name “ Onondaga salt group.” In central and western New York, the Salina outcrops in a broad belt 5 to 20 miles wide. The formation thins out entirely in Albany county, where the upper part overlaps the Champlainic or Lower Siluric strata. To the west it has been traced as far as Georgian bay in ieanaca. he maximum thickness of the formation is 1200 feet in Wayne and Cayuga counties and thins both to the east and to the west of this section. In the vicinity of Rochester, the entire thickness 1s about 600 feet and at Buffalo, 450 feet. From the soft nature of the rocks of this formation, no conspicuous ledges are anywhere to be seen and in a large degree the formation has been so covered by glacial drift that outcrops are rare. In western New York, the rocks all have a south- erly dip, and as the soft Salina shales occupy a position between the hard rocks of the Lockport and Onondaga formations, the drainage is often seriously affected, specially where there is but a small amount of glacial drift. Eastward from the Rochester region, the Salina strata are covered by a large number of drumlins and the swamps 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM which occur are of limited area and as a rule are found in the depres- sions between the drumlins. Westward from Rochester, on the other hand, the drumlin area has a much more limited extent and large portions of the Salina shales, and the Lockport dolomites, where those shales have been removed, are covered by the Tonawanda and Oak Orchard swamps. The surplus water of this swampy area is carried away by Tonawanda creek, which empties into the Niagara river ; Oak Orchard and Sandy creeks which empty into Lake Onta- rio; and Black creek which empties into the Genesee at Genesee Junction. It may here be stated that the drainage of the Salina area west of the Oswego river is mainly in an east or a west direction and that of all the streams flowing into Lake Ontario, between the Oswego and Niagara rivers, the Genesee -and the Irondequoit are the only ones that cut through all the Siluric rocks of this region and thus provide drainage for all of the Salina area found within the limits of the map. The limited swamp areas which exist are, one in the vicinity of Brookdale in the town-of Chili, and the other in the depressions of the Mendon -hills. Another small swamp or peat marsh found in one of the depressions of the Pinnacle hills, has been described by Fairchild and Barnum.*? The Salina beds include four distinct stratigraphic units recog- nizable here and in sections of central New York. In ascending order these are: (1) Pittsford shale; (2) Vernon shale; (3) Camillus shale; (4) Bertie waterlime. Pittsford shale. This shale is the lowest member of the Salina series. The name is from the town of Pittsford a few miles southeast from Rochester. This formation and the Bertie waterlime which marks the upper limit of the Salina are both characterized by a eurypterid fauna and thus the limit of the Salina is determined by the paleontologic as well as by the stratigraphic relations. This shale is anewly recognized element in the Salinaseries, I. P. Bishop? men- tions a locality on Grand island in the Niagara river where a black shale is exposed at or near the bottom of the Salina. No fossils are mentioned from the Grand island locality. The credit for finding this -shale and its contained: fauna at Pittsford as due to Gee Sarle.3 The only other locality where a shale is known which may TANOCGM.wACAd:) SCle broC.e ago: 92 20r—An 2N. Y.State Geol. xrsth An. Rep’t. x895. -p: 31x. 3N. Y. State Paleontol,- An, Rep’t. rg02. p. 1080, ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 29 be referred to the Pittsford, is in one of the south branches of Moyer creek, a few miles southwest from Frankfort, Herkimer county. At this locality there are 15 feet of dark olive shale exposed directly above the concretionary layers of the Lockport dolomite. The only fossil from this locality is a small Lingula which occurs quite abun- dantly. It is possible that further search will reveal at this locality other species. Above the shale exposed along the south branch of Moyer creek the Vernon shales are excellently exposed, and in some places the dark shales are coated with the red material from above. At Pittsford these dark shales have been obtained only from exca- vations made along the Erie canal. Their thickness here is about gomicer. Lhey consist of thin layers of black and green mottled shale with some thin layers of hard dolomite. The eurypterids are found almost exclusively in the dark shale; the most common forms in the dolomite are a Pterinea and a species of Leperditia. _ The most interesting species among the crustaceans is the eyeless ico seu doniscus roosévelti,? deseribed by Clarke and aie mew. genus. Hughmilleria3 described by Sarle. . The genus Hughmilleria is a connecting lnk between Pterygotus and Eurypterus and according to Sarle is more closely related to ive stormer. The fauna of the Pittsford shale bears but little relation to either the Lockport or Guelph fauna which preceded. it. lt 1s not toyie considered as derivative from the above faunas, but represents an element quite distinct. As before noted the Guelph fauna was the outcome of peculiar physical conditions, so the Pittsford fauna rep- resents a still more contracted and shallow sea with increase of salinity. This increase in salinity which marks the introduction of the Salina, finally had the effect of displacing the Pittsford fauna. From this time onward, throughout the greater part of Salina Line, this sea was practically lifeless, and it is interesting to note that a eurypterid fauna which was the last to survive in the Pittsford shale, I Since the above was written a eurypterid fauna having close affinities with the Pittsford, has been found in the thin intercalated black shales of the Shawangunk conglomerate of eastern New York. 2N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. tg00. p. 8a. 3N. Y. State Paleontol, An. Rep’t. 1902. p. 1ogr. 4A species of Leperditia (L. cf, scalaris), and a form of Meristella are known from the Camillus shale, 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM was also the first to appear in the Bertie waterime which marks the close of the Salina.? The following species have been obtained from the Pittsford shale: Favosites sf. Pseudoniscus roosevelti Clarke Orthothetes cf. interstriatus Hall Hughmilleria socialis Sarle Pterinea cf. emacerata Conrad H. socialis var. robusta Sarde Cephalopod sp. Eurypterus pittsfordensis Sarde Ceratiocaris praecedens Clarke Pterygotus monroensis Sarde Emmelezoe decora Clarke Vernon and Camillus shales. On account of the thick covering of drift material these formations could not be differentiated on the map. he -heavier shade of color for the former represemn approximately the relative position of this formation. The Vernon red shales derive their name from the village of Vernon in Oneida county. They have been recognized as far east as Herkimer county and are well shown in many of the water courses and on the hills south of the Mohawk valley and westward. In color they are of a nearly uniform red, except for an occasional thin band of light gray. In their western extension more of the thin grayish bands appear. In a general way these shales resemble the lower red shales of the Medina and this similarity gave no little trouble to the carly geologists. Likethe shales of the lower Medina the Vernon shales are without fossils and salt springs are known in both, indicating that the conditions of sedimentation during which they were formed were similar. The absence of workable deposits of gypsum in the Vernon shales is of some interest since 1t involves conditions which as yet have not been explained. As these beds lie below the great salt deposits of the Salina, it would be natural to assume that the increasing concentration of the sea would ‘have precipitated gypsum before the more soluble salt. It is possible that the gypsum may be disseminated in the great thickness of Vernon shales which averages about 600 feet. The Vernon shales are shown along the canal and adjacent to it at Pittsford. Farther east they are well exposed. between Pittsford and Cartersville. Various shades of red and green of these shales can be observed at these outcrops. The great beds of rock salt occur just above the Vernon shales, zSee N, Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. xg02. p. 1158. ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 31 but in the Rochester section they have never been found. Whether the edges of the salt beds extend as far north as the Rochester region is not known. The beds occur a few miles south of this ‘region where several shafts and wells have penetrated the rock salt. It must be remembered, however, that at the time of the deposition of the salt the Salina sea was at its minimum extent and the salt beds would be restricted to a much smaller area than the Vernon shales which precede them, and hence beds of rock salt may never Wee extended over any of the Rochester area. Again the salt beds if they ever extended far enough north to outcrop, must have been almost completely dissolved by the action of surface and percolating waters. The presence of salt springs about the middle Guine outcrop of the Salina series, extending from. Syracuse westward is very suggestive of the former presence of rock salt within this area. Camillus shale. These beds take their name from Camillus in Onondaga county. They contain all the workable beds of gypsum found within the State. They extend as far east as Albany county and west beyond the limits of the State. Gypsum is mined and quarried from this formation at many points from Buffalo to east of Syracuse. West, just beyond the limits of the map, the gypsum is mined at Wheatland. The most extensive beds of gypsum are at the top of the formation and, at Union Springs, are 50 feet thick including a few thin bands of shaly material. The thickness of the Camillus shale varies considerably, but the average thickness is about 300 feet. The formation includes a number of thick layers of magnesian limestone. The shales are quite soft and in color vary considerably. They include layers of red and mottled shales, which alternate with gray and olive green ~ shales containing thin seams of gypsum. As before stated, the Gage fossils “noted, from the Camillus shale are Leperditia Sealaris and a form of Meristella. These are found in the _ magnesian limestones of this formation. Bertie waterlime. This waterlime terminates the Salina series and is the highest formation represented on the map. The term is from Bertie, a town in Ontario, 12 miles west of Buffalo. The name was long ago applied by Chapman to the Eurypterus-bearing water- limes of that place. The formation is known to extend from Canada as far east as Schoharie county and throughout this extent 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the formation is characterized by the presence of this crustacean. In the Hudson river valley about Rosendale, the lower waterlime bed known as the Rosendale waterlime is found to occupy a similar stratigraphic position, but herein no Eurypterus has been found. The absence of these forms im the, caster Sectiommr explained by the probability that between these two areas there existed a land barrier, which prevented the migration from the Salina sea lying west of the barrier. The Bertie waterlime varies in thickness in different sections. Sixty feet are recorded from Canada, but in some places in New York only 10 feet intervene between the gypsum beds and the Cobleskill limestone which les just above. The portion just below the Cobleskill is the part that is burned for hydraulic cement. The hydraulic cement made in the vicinity of Buffalo and Akron is from the Bertie. In Onondaga county considerable cement is made, but from a higher horizon. The Bertie waterlime is also present in Onondaga county, but it is not used to any extent for cement. Owing to the heavy drift covering, no outcrops of the Bertie have been observed withinthe region mapped. It is present, however, as shown by the adjacent sections. Just west from the southern por- tion of the map, this formation is found overlying the gypsum bed in the town of Wheatland. Here it has its characteristic drab color and occurs in thin layers. Some of the layers contain fragments of Eurypterus and large numbers of Leperditia scalaris are found. Large hopper-shaped salt cavities also occur here. One mile west from: Fishers, just’ east of~the map, the ) Berries waterlime is seen in the steep bank of the creek. A number of fragments of Eurypterus were collected at this point. The presence of an extensive eurypterid fauna in this formation is indicative of physical conditions similar to those during which the Pittsford: fauna lived. The formation in Erie and Herkimer counties is noted for the abundance and fine preservation of these crustaceans. The Bertie marks the last stage of the Salina sea which was brought to a close by the invasion of the Atlantic waters. INDEX Anoplotheca hemispherica, 15. Area covered, 5. Arey, A. L., acknowledgments to, 5. | ~ Arthrophycus alleghaniensis, 12. -Atrypa reticularis, 17, 19. Barnum, E. G., cited, 28. Beekmantown dolomite, thickness, 8. Bertie waterlime, 8, 28, 31-32. Bishop, I. P., cited, 28. _Black creek, 28. Black River limestone, thickness, 8. Calymmene niagarensis, 17, 19, 27. Camarotoechia? indianensis, 26. neglecta, 17, 19, 20. Camillus shale, 8, 30-31. Caryocrinus ornatus, 19. Cephalopod sp., 30. Ceratiocaris praecedens, 30. Ceraurus niagarensis, 10. Chadwick, G. H., acknowledgments ko; 5. Chapman, -. J., cited; 31. Chilotrypa ostiolata, Io. Cladopora seriata, 10. Slarke, John M., cited, 16, 17, 19, Bae, 25-20, 20. Clathrodictyum ostiolatum, 26. Clinton age, 6. Clinton formation, 8; thickness, 12; description, 12-17; ores, 14. Cobleskill dolomite, 7. Coelidium macrospira, 27. cf. vitellia, 27. Conocardium sp., 26. Conularia niagarensis, 19. Coral reefs, 25. Cornulites arcuates, 27. Crania sp., 26. Crinoidal limestone, 22. Cyrtoceras arcticameratum, 27. bovinum, 27. Cyrtoceras (continued) cf. brevicorne, 27. orodes, 27. subcancellatum, Ig. Dalmanella elegantula, 10, 26. Dalmanites limulurus, Io. Dana, J. D., cited, 27. Dawsonoceras annulatum var. amer- icanum, 27. Densmore creek, 13. Diaphorostoma niagarense, I9, 20. Dictyonella corallifera, ro. Dictyonema retiforme, Io. Dip of formations, 7. Diplophyllum caespitosum, 26. Dufferin islands, excavations at, 21. Eaton, Amos, cited, 5. Emmelezoe decora, 30. Enterolasma caliculus, 19, 26. Eotomaria areyi, 27. durhamensis, 27. kayseri, 27. Eucalyptocrinus decorus, 19. Euomphalus fairchildi, 27. Eurypterid fauna in Shawangunk conglomerate, 29. Eurypterus, 32. pittsfordensis, 30. Fairchild, H. L., acknowledgments to, 5; cited, 28. Favosites, 23. iy Des est) constrictus, I9. forbesi, 26. gothlandicus, 26. hisingeri, 26. niagarensis, 26. Fenestella elegans, 109. Formations involved, 8; description, TO 32! 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fucoides harlani, 11, 12. Furnaceville iron ore, 8, 14. Gomphoceras s?/., I9. Gray band of the Medina, 12. Greece, rock terrace, 6. Guelph fauna, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26; in Lockport dolomite, 8, 20, 25, 26; list of species found in vicinity of Rochester, 26-27. Gypsum in Camillus shale, 31. Hall, James, cited, 5 17;{109, 22) 24. Halysites, 23. agglomeratus, 26. catenularius, 26. Heliophyllum sp., 26. Hight of lowest area on map, 6. Homalonotus delphinocephalus, to. Hormotoma whiteavesi, 27. Hudson River group, 9. Hughmilleria, 20. socialis, 30. var. robusta, 30. Hydraulic cement made from Bertie waterlime, 32. Illaenus ioxus, 17, Io. Inocaulis plumulosus, 19. Irondequoit bay, 6, 7. Irondequoit limestone, 8, 16-17. Kionoceras darwini, 27. cf. medullare, 27. Latitude and longitude of region, 6. Leperditia, 20. Sp., 27. balthica var. guelphica, 27. scalaris, 31, 32. Leptaena rhomboidalis, 17, 19. Lewiston, Lockport dolomite, 6-7. Lichas boltoni, 19. Lingula, 29. cuneata, II. lamellata, ro. Little Falls dolomite, thickness, 8. Lockport dolomite, 6, 8, 17; descrip- tion, 19-27; fauna, 24; Guelph fauna, 8, 20, 25, 26; physical condi- tions during late Lockport time, 25; thickness, 24. Lophospira bispiralis, 27. Lorraine shales, 9; thickness, 8. Lowville limestone, thickness, 8. Lyriopecten(?) orbiculatus, Io. Macrochilina sp., 27. Magnesian limestone in shale, 31. Manlius limestone, 7. Medina formation, 8; description, Io- 12; thickness, 10, II; economic im- POtlance, 2. Meristella, 31. Mississippian sea, strata laid down {ie LO: Mountain building, 9. Mytilarca eduliformis, 26. Camillus Niagara formation, 8, 17-27. Niagaran group, 6. Oak Orchard creek, 28. Oak Orchard swamp, 28. Oneida conglomerate, IT. Onondaga salt group, 27. Orthis flabellites, ro. Orthoceras annulatum, Io. imbricatum, 19. trusitum, 27. virgatum, I9. Orthostrophia fasciata, Io. Orthothetes cf. interstriatus, 30. subplanus, 109. Oswego sandstone, 9; and Richmond beds, equivalency, 9. Outcrops, deflection, 7. Pentamerus limestone, 14. Pentamerus oblongus, 14. Pholidops squamiformis, 19. Phragmoceras parvum, 27. Pittsford shale, 8, 28-30; fauna, 20, 20) Plectambonites transversalis, 19. Poleumita crenulata, 27. scamnata, 25, 20. sulcata, 27. INDEX TO ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 35 Polypora incepta, 109. Poterioceras sauridens, 27. Potsdam sandstone, thickness, 8. IP-OeCEIS. SP. 27. Protean group, 13. Pseudoniscus roosevelti, 29, 30. Pterinea, 20. emacerata, 19, 30. subplana, 206. undata, 19. Pterygotus monroensis, 30. Reef structures in Irondequoit lime- stone, 16. 2 Rhipidomella hybrida, 19, 26. Richmond beds, 9; and Oswego sandstone, equivalency, 9. Ridge road, 6. Rochester, situation, 6; dolomite, 7. Rochester shale, 8, 17-19; thickness, 18. Rondout waterlime, 7. Rosendale waterlime, 32. Ruedemann, Rudolph, cited, 9, 19, 23- 24, 25-26. Lockport Sagenella membranacea, Io. Salina formation, description, 27-32; thickness, 27. Salina period, 7, Io. Sandy creek, 28. Same, C. J. cited; 12,16, 28) 20. Schuchert, Charles, cited, 9, 17. Semicoscinium tenuiceps, I9. Sequence of events preceding deposi- tion of rocks of Rochester area, 3-10: Shawangunk conglomerate, eurypte- rid fauna, 209. Smythe, CC. Ho -yr, etted: 14: Sodus shale, 8, 13. Spirifer crispus, 17, 19, 26. niagarensis, IQ. radiatus, 19. sulcatus, 19. Stromatopora, 23, 24. galtensis, 26. Stropheodonta profunda, 23, 24. Subretepora dichotoma, 109. Taconic revolution, 9. Tonawanda creek, 28. Tonawanda swamp, 28. Trematonotus alpheus, 26. Trenton limestone, thickness, 8. Trochoceras desplainense, 27. Ulrich, E. O., cited, 9. Utica shale, thickness, 8. Vanuxem, Lardner, cited, 13. Vernon shale, 8, 29, 30-31. Walther, J., cited, 25. Whitfieldella nitida, 17, 19, 26. Williamson shale, 8, 15-16. Wolcott limestone, 8, 14-15. Zaphrentis cf. racinensis, 26. BULLETIN 419 | Pubiished monthly by the New York State Education Department -: - JANUARY 1908 New York State Museum Joun M. Crarkxe, Director Bulletin 118 PALEONTOLOGY 18 GEOLOGIC MAP AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES INCLUDING A MAP,OF LETCHWORTH PARK HOLLING VW CLARKE & Di DANA LUTHER CLARKE & Introduction Eastorical ... ACCOMPANIED BY A REPORT ON THE PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY ELE RMAN, Ly PATRCHILD PAGE Geology of the Portage and Nunda Quadrangles. J. M. De Di MuTHER. eee eee ee ew ee ee eee BOOS rap ys. oak < vcs as Mlassiicatiom:.. <2. ake Description Pe aces Seas of formations ”. ee ee © © © ee Bw ee ote ee Pleistocene History of the Genesee Valley | in-- the Rortace Districts H: °L. FAIRCHILD coer ee eee ee eee ee 43 43 PAGE Evolution of western New Worle ndiattiame ete sooo 70 Diversions of the river. Buried channels; 2%... se. 71 Glacial waters and canyon SUWECIG Ms chilis cence AG hater stages got wee eo 81 Epitome of the history..... 81 Camyons amdweataracts . a2. 81 Deformation of the lake PULA See NS pa eae Uo ae 83 Detrital filling of the valleys 84 incl exe aes oe See Ansaid oe 85 cs 5 ° fees Pi eaeGh norssuee “a we Ae “she ori . : eae Et A ¢ js % | Brg Sry etioee” ca My i Bt NOOR Pa, SMOlT ane ae J i 42M DLO Ks a Ss IOVARGAUQ ache aia : Bia) i a ae Beran My a 4 ai f i 4 oe . : =e ; | TNs “@hicrthe Nak & i eoige UA hah gh gee ite TG am ae Yea sho) ME a Oe 2 9k ey Dy eet: ‘a5, P i i i? else ; de iit Randi kia By i Oa aR Aor eate Ss hy) 5 Dh, 2 did ao YROTe ary ‘segorel ee rik FAIA. ‘aeAM AO | : AY: ae: : os an 5 ; | “3 : ep 4 ohh oes | AP ‘trae LATA og inane | aT Oe MEK aN, TRI sd we) 8) wre aie Ue be Gee RUE a ama Le a Dara ho ipee g a es Vee . any, diene bs, Final a lve oS ab te dear eh Harte itae a aM et Oe Hae (, Fi ee ee ‘onaty et Sd Sarees me ange. mete Bet Pr eat (2 7, : a ee 4 i j But hes hae Pay: fips SR AGN Meo AMER EP ey § i ee he pete oP FA Se AACN RoW Pata en a oe tf Sea New York State Education Department Science Division, March 7, 1907 Hon, Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education My pear sir: 1 communicate herewith, for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum, geological maps on the scale of 1 mile to 1 inch, of the Nunda and Portage quadrangles, accom- panied by a description of the geological structure of these regions and including also a map of Letchworth Park with its geology and a report on the Pleistocene History of the Genesee Valley in the - Portage District. Very respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication this oth day of March 1907 AS Riroped Commissioner of Education ¥; y at Nat iy New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. CrarkKeE, Director Bulletin 118 PALEONTOLOGY 18 GEOLOGIC MAP AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES INCLUDING A MAP OF LETCHWORTH PARK BY JOHN M. CLARKE AND D. DANA LUTHER ACCOMPANIED BY A REPORT ON THE PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY BY HERMAN L. FAIRCHILD GEOLOGY OF THE PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES i “on INTRODUCTION The region whose geological structure is here described in detail is not alone celebrated in the history of New York geology for the completeness of its presentments, the uniformity of its strati-: graphy and the fullness of its ancient faunas, but its human history is romantic and its scenic features singularly attractive. The Nunda and Portage quadrangles cover a territory 17 miles long from north to south and 26 miles wide, through which in winding course runs the great gorge of the Genesee river, extending from Portage down to Mount Morris, a distance of 18 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM miles by the stream. Along the vertical walls of the canyon the cliffs rise from 200 to 350 feet displaying the even, regular beds of the rock formations so elaborately and lucidly as to invite the attention of the geological student, while all the attendant phe- nomena of the erosion of the gorge and the history of this great drainage way throughout its many vacillations afford subjects of added interest. The Genesee river crossing the entire State from north to south is the line of most continuous meridional section through the geological formations of western New York. Very naturally then, when the Geological Survey of New York was organized (1836) and the fourth or western district erected (1837), the rock exposures of this stream invited immediate attention. Not only has this trunk stream cut deep into the rock strata but its contributories, Cashaqua creek, Wolf creek, Buck run, Silver lake inlet and Wiscoy creek add other means of completing the details of geological structure so that data are not lacking on every hand to solve the problems of geological history. Public attention and interest has been recently drawn to this region by the erection within its boundaries of a new public preserve — Letchworth Park — the beneficent gift to the people of the State of New York by the Hon. William Pryor Letchworth, to whose munificence and long public service the place will be a perpetual monument. This beautiful property embraces the three cataracts of the Genesee river and the banks adjoining. It is with some satisfaction that, with the aid of Mr Letchworth, we are enabled here to present a special map of this park with its geology given in detail. HISTORICAL Bibliography The rocks and fossils of this portion of the Genesee river section have been the subject of, or have contributed freely to many of the publications of the New York survey. It is not the purpose here to review these in detail as this publication is chiefly designed to explain the accompanying maps. Students will find more or less adequate accounts of the geology and paleontology of the formations involved in the works here cited. 1 The original and fundamental documents upon the region are the Second and Fourth Annual Reports (1836, 1838) and the final report of the geologist in charge of the fourth geological district (1843), James Hall. 45 » (ner rsford, occur- John itology in con- renesee York. Juther. ereast— Istones nse tilnart ate te ning a ortage Stor hn M. 396, p. pink: . State ‘ortage cidates enesee Sune ttl. 1 other United minent 5; rocks [seer ‘2014981 TeoVFo108D Wyo ‘aodey jenauy proses (eH) ..'2909198a] Jevjessaey ong JO PLOJS1OH ‘NH 301d Sq pajonaqsuoo deut oy} puw paareouoo BuAL uvd oy, * * “Saapaerp yeorsoj0es 03 oly -opfoad yeoyajeumost yo seydromtd ey} Jo uorquorddy uv st duu SuyAueduro00v eM 1» ser UBAIY ATSENAO AWL AO dV TVOIDN01059 §.GNOASAOH ‘N NAGA HOSSAAONE OLIVENO a an eee ao novse “of *ouojs.puvs — =e Ue SePROONT ouougng — ee i ‘ads vruepan7 euojsoun = UNO Ur sry ig 2psonny warner = QUsUNyO snydosy seu sypys "2IVYS QUOpsrUAT 42 VL day wang nN paMopAs og suenp SLecoyy 5p sarau vie do, = 2U0] puns Jo -vys mover), “phew yer tsp = ~auibsopuiny % Ua2 LOIN PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 45 ‘The first of these was accompanied by a perspective map (here reproduced) of the Genesee river prepared by Eben N. Horsford, assistant to Professor Hall and then a resident of Moscow.! 2 Palaeontology of New York, v. 5, 6, 8. In these volumes are descriptions of many of the fossils occur- ring in the rocks of these quadrangles. 3 The Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario County, N. Y. John Memelarke, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul: 16: 1885. Though chiefly concerned with the stratigraphy and paleontology in a section further to the east this treatise applies to and in con- siderable measure was based upon the Portage group of the Genesee River. 4 Faunas of the Upper Devonian, Genesee Section of New York. Eee vvilltams. U: S: Geol. Sur. Bul) ar. 1888. 5 Stratigraphic Value of the Portage Sandstones. D. D. Luther. Nee otate: Mus. Bul. 52. 1902. p. 616-32. Traces the upper sandstones of the Upper Falls at Portage east- ward and shows their continuity with the High Point sandstones of Ontario county. In the same paper J. M. Clarke shows that the fauna of this sedimentation unit is entirely different at the east from that in the Genesee valley, at the former containing a Chemung brachiopod assemblage, in the latter the typical Portage fauna with cephalopods and lamellibranchs. 6 Geologic conditions at the Site of the Proposed Dam and Stor- age Reservoir on the Genesee River at Portage. John M. Clarke. An. Rep’t State Engineer and Surveyor for 1896, p. 106-22. 7 Naples Fauna in Western New York. John M. Clarke. pt I. Mere state Geol. 16th An. Rep’t.. 1898; pt'2.- N. Yu. State Mus. Mem. 6. 1903. This work describes and illustrates the fauna of the Portage group in its entirety, discusses its bionomic relations and elucidates the stratigraphy of the formation. 8 Stratigraphy of the Portage Formation between the Genesee Valley and Lake Erie. D. D..Luther. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 69. 1903. p. 1000-20. *Mr Horsford, after serving as a teacher at Geneseo and at Albany, became the distinguished Rumford professor of chemistry at Harvard Uni- versity. The rocks and fossils of the Genesee valley have inspired other men to distinction. Maj. John W. Powell, late director of the United States Geological Survey was a native of Mount Morris, and the eminent paleontologist Prof. O. C. Marsh was born on the richly fossiliferous rocks crossing the lower Genesee and not far from its western boundary. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Classification The rock strata of the Genesee river section have been broadly classified and generally known under the names “ Genesee,” for the black shale at the mouth of the gorge, “ Portage ” for the shales and sandstones displayed above in the walls of the gorge, and “Chemung” for the sandstones and shales exposed in the ravines and along the river bed south of Portage to the State line, names applied at the time of the first geological survey of the State, 1837 to 1843. In this bulletin the precise and detailed classification of these rocks defines more exactly the significance of each of these appella- tions, as explained under the appropriate titles. Of most com- manding importance in the rock succession of this region is the series of strata historically known as the “ Portage Group.” To validate the integrity of this term against incursion its origin and purpose are here briefly recalled. The name “ Portage” was first used in connection with the geo- logical series of the State by James Hall in 1840 (Fourth Annual Report on the Fourth Geological District), when describing with some detail the rock section exposed in the Genesee River gorge between Mount Morris and Portageville. The following divisions were made: Cashaqua shale, Gardeau or Lower Fucoidal group and Portage or Upper Fucoidal group. The last division included the strata between the Table rock at the top of the Lower Portage falls and the top of the heavy sand- stones above the Upper falls, an aggregate of 425 feet of which 210 feet are shales and flags, not essentially different either in lithology or fossils from the beds below the Table rock and included in the Gardeau group, except as to the presence in the upper of WMC OiGss WerwiGalis ¢ 3 In 1843 (Final Report on the Geology of the Fourth District, page 224), Professor Hall dropped the terms ‘“ Upper Fucoidal”’ and “ Lower Fucoidal,’ and the expression “ Portage or Nunda group” is employed to include ‘“‘ Cashaqua shale,” “ Gardeau shale and flags” and “ Portage sandstones,’ no change being made in the descriptions of these members of the Portage group. It thus appears that the word “ Portage” was first used as a group term, not as the description of a member of a group or unit. It was so employed by Hall in all subsequent writings. PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 47 The introduction of the name “ Nunda” as an alternative term was unfortunate and is not now easily explainable, as the town of Portage was set off from the town of Nunda, March 8, 1827, and the new town included all of the territory along the banks of the Genesee river previously lying in the town of Nunda; but in April 1846, that part of Portage township on the west side of the river with a strip taken from the town of Pike, was erected into a new town and named Genesee Falls. Of the units composing the Portage group, the Cashaqua shale is not exposed at all within the present limits of the township of Nunda, and the Gardeau shale and flags as delimited by Hall appear in but a few small isolated exposures, the heavy sandstones ( Port- age sandstones) at the top being the only part of the group that can be said to be fairly well exposed in the town and only to these can the name Nunda with any propriety be applied. The term “ Portage group” has been in use for more than 60 years by students of geology and has acquired recognition by the general public as the designation of the strata between the Genesee black slate and the Chemung sandstones. Historically, logically and legitimately it is substantially fixed. 7 Exhaustive studies of the stratigraphy and paleontology of the rock section in the Genesee gorge have shown that Table rock at the top of the Lower falls, differs from other sandstones above and below it only by being slightly harder and more calcareous, and by a more abrupt transition to soft shale in the upper surface, the sedi- mentation above it up to nearly the top of the Upper falls being of the same character as the beds below it down to the mouth of Wolf creek; the same fossils occur above and below it. Therefore recent publications by this department have fixed the upper limit of the Gardeau flags at the base of the heavy sandstones near the top of the Upper falls. To avoid the confusion by duplication of the original group term “ Portage” with the later unit term ‘‘ Portage sandstones,” we shall here substitute for the latter the term “ Nunda sandstone ” as the designation for the upper terminal member of the Portage group as Hall defined it. Description of formations All the geologic formations represented on the area here con- sidered belong to the upper division of the Devonic system. 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The following is the succession in descending order and the formations are considered in order from bottom to top. Upper | 425" Chemung sandstones Chautauquan erate | Lower J 400! Wiscoy shale Igo! Nunda sandstone 215" Gardeau flags and shale 3441 Neodevonic Grimes sandstone ot Hatch flags and shale 2041 S Rhinestreet black shale 52: enecan Cashaqua shale 125} Middlesex black shaie ase West River black shale 657 Genundewa limestone 81 Genesee black shale st The aggregate thickness of the beds here described is 2142 feet. The difference in altitude between the Genesee river bed at the north line of the Nunda quadrangle and the highest point near the southwest corner of the Portage quadrangle is 1565 feet and 578 feet additional are brought up by the elevation of the strata towa.d the north and east. Genesee shale The lowest rock exposure on this area is the Genesee black shale. Historical. This formation was first described in the 3d Annual Report by Hall, 1839, page 301, under the title “ Upper black shale,” beginning, “ Reposing upon the Tully limestone we have a thickness of 150 feet of shale exhibiting throughout a uniform color, and Slaty structure | ete: The black shale is mentioned several times in this report, as occurring in Seneca, Yates and Ontario counties, but no more specific name is applied to it. It is also referred to ia thé Ain Annual Report. In the final report of 1843, page 218, the name Genesee slate is substituted for Upper black shale, and the opening of the gorge of the Genesee river at Mount Morris is said to be the place of its greatest development in the district. PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 49 As usually described in the annual and final reports it immediately overlies the Tully limestone or, when that is wanting, the Moscow shale, and is succeeded by the beds of greenish shale afterward given the name Cashaqua shale, but on page 422 of the report for 1839, after mentioning the localities of several exposures of the Upper black shale in the vicinity of Moscow and Geneseo, including the one at Fall brook, where it is stated “ the water leaps a hundred feet from the top of this rock,” Hall says: ‘In this neighborhood the black shale is succeeded by a stratum ‘of thin limestone.” In the final report on the fourth geological district, page 227, where describing the Cashaqua shale he says: “ On tracing it (the Cashaqua shale) west of the Genesee, it constantly presents the same features as on the Cashaqua creek, though the lower part is sometimes dark colored and separated from the Genesee slate by a thin calcareous band,” evidently referring to the limestones at the top of the falls at Fall brook and in the ravine of Little Beards creek at Moscow which also appear in all exposures of this horizon between Ontario county and Lake Erie, and are now known as the Genundewa limestones, more fully described in the succeeding pages. That it is the stratum referred to by Hall is made certain by the fact that there is no other continuous limestone above it in the Genesee river section, nor elsewhere in this State west of On- tario county. There are 83 feet of Genesee black shale between the horizon of the Tully limestone and the Genundewa limestone at Fall brook and 100 feet of dark and black shales between the Genundewa lime- stone and the base of the Cashaqua shale at the mouth of the gorge. The latter beds have been commonly known as Upper Genesee, but the difference in the character of the shale above and below the Genundewa limestone, and in their faunas, has made it proper, as further explained in New York State Museum bulletin 63, page 25, to restrict the use of the name “ Genesee” to the beds between the horizon of the Tully limestone and the Genundewa limestone. As thus defined the only exposure of this formation on these quadrangles is at the west end of the highway bridge over the Genesee river at Mount Morris in the lower part of a small out- crop on the north side of the bridge. At times of low water the exposure is 15 to 20 feet long and 6 to 8 feet high. The shale here is very dark, but somewhat more calcareous and less bituminous than the beds below, which are, for the most part, densely black and on exposure become very fissile and split into 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM large flat plates. Spherical concretions are common throughout the Genesee shale. Fossils are very rare in this formation, specially in the more bituminous beds. Drifted land plants and conodont teeth some- times occur in the black shale, and the more calcareous layers to- ward the top contain: Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall Orbiculoidea lodensis (V anusxem) Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Liorhynchus quadricostatus Hall Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Probeloceras lutheri Clarke Lingula spatulata Hall Bactrites aciculum (Hall) The entire section of the Genesee slate is well exposed in several ravines north of Moscow and in the Fall brook ravine at Geneseo below the top of the falls and in numerous other localities along its line of outcrops, which extends from Chenango county to Lake Sie: Genundewa limestone The stratum of impure limestone referred to by Hall as suc- ceeding the Genesee slate in the vicinity of Moscow and Geneseo, is the heaviest of a series of similar character that seems to have escaped farther notice until 1882, when it was described by Clarke, in United States Geological Survey bulletin 16, as the “Styliola band.” In New York State Museum memoir 6, Naples Fauna in West- ern New York, pt 2, Clarke, 1903, and in Bulletin 63, Clarke and Luther, 1904, it is more fully described as a unit of sedimentation in the Genesee beds and designated Genundewa limestone on account of its very favorable exposure at Genundewa Point on the east side of Canandaigua lake. This horizon is quite calcareous and concretionary as far east as Cayuga lake, but the limestone first appears as distinct layers in Gorham, Ontario co., when westward it is continuous to Lake Erie, its peculiar structure making it easy of recognition wherever ex- posed. In the Genesee valley region it is composed of five layers of dark gray bituminous limestone from 2 to 14 inches thick separated by layers of dark shale from-1 to 6 inches thick. Some of the lime- stones are even and flaggy, while others are concretionary and the laminations of the intervening shale are bent to conform with their very uneven surfaces. The entire band was formerly exposed at the west end of the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge over the river at Mount Morris, . Plate 1 View of lower part of the Genesee gorge from the High banks. Looking toward the northeast. Rhinestreet black shale in front; lower part of cliff in distance is Cashaqua shale PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 51 Diewsimee the erection of the dam below it only appears at the west end of the highway bridge immediately north of the dam, where the lower layers may be seen above the outcrop of black Genesee slate previously mentioned. Fossils are abundant and peculiar, the purer limestone being composed almost wholly of the minute shells of the pteropod pe uolima fissurella (Hall) and the entire fauna has very close relations with that peculiar to the Portage beds above. It is the earliest appearance in New York of the Naples fauna or fiesnwonld-wide zone of Manticoceras intumescens. The following are common species, but for the full list with descriptions and illustrations consult Naples Fauna in Western New York, pt 1 and 2. Manticoceras pattersoni (Hall) var. Honeoyea styliophila Clarke styliophilum Clarke Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Gephyroceras genundewa Clarke Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad) Aulopora annectens Clarke Phragmostoma natator Hall Melocrinus clarkei Williams In the vicinity of these quadrangles favorable exposures of the Genundewa limestone may be found in several ravines along the west side of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad between Moscow and Greigsville, also at the top of the falls in the Fall brook ravine at Geneseo and along the east and west road 34 miles south of the same falls. It causes cascades in many ravines in Livingston and Ontario counties and is well exposed in the bed of Murder creek at Gris- wold, Wyoming co. West River shale A bed of dark to black shale about 100 feet thick succeeds the Genundewa limestone in this section. The lower part is covered by the water above the Mount Morris dam but the upper part is finely exposed in the cliff on the east side of the mouth of the gorge. For about 62 feet next above the limestone the shales are mainly dark gray or blue black with thin layers of densely black and slaty bituminous shale 4 to 6 inches thick occurring at intervals of 2 to 6 feet, producing in this and other cliffs of these beds a distinct banded effect. These shales are contrasted with the Genesee shale below by their generally lighter color and less bituminous character. They are also more fossiliferous, though the number of species repre- 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sented is but slightly increased by the addition of a few of the forms that first appear in the Genundewa limestone. The following are the more common fossils: Bactrites aciculum (Hall) Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall Lingula spatulata Vanusxem Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Orbiculoidea lodensis (Vanusxem) Spheric and oblong concretions occurring singly or in rows are common and have been collected in many places on account of their symmetry or their sometimes curious forms suggestive of “ petri- fied turtles,” ~ Indian skulls,” ~ stone hats, stone ducks ”’ etc. No exposure of these beds but the one at the mouth of the gorge, which is continuous up the river for about a mile, is found on these quadrangles, but they may be seen to good advantage above the falls in the Moscow ravine, 3 miles farther north and in the upper part of the Fall brook gully. | The name “ West River shales ” was first applied to these beis above the Genundewa limestone by Clarke and Luther in Bulletin 63, 1904, on account of their abundant exposure in the ravines of the West river valley in Yates county and to meet the require- ments of a stratigraphic term for the residuary member of the old Genesee division. 99 66 Standish shale At the top of the West River beds there are in this section a few lighter colored layers, some clayey, others slightly arenaceous, altogether about 3 feet in thickness. This lighter band which has the lithic characters of the shales and flags of the Portage group and contains a few fossils from both the Genesee and Portage faunas, is hardly noticeable here, is more fully developed in the Canandaigua lake valley and is known as the Standish shales and flags. It is not represented in the coloring on this map. Middlesex shale This passage bed is succeeded by 32 feet of densely black bituminous slaty shales ‘that show a marked contrast to the West River shales lithologically and in being almost entirely barren of fossils except lignites, which are common, and a few fish plates and scales, which are very rare. A few small lingulas found in this horizon at the mouth of Pike creek on Lake ie are the only other fossils collected from these beds in the western part of the State and they belong to the species found in similar black shales higher in the Portage group, L: ligea Hall and L. spatulata, Vanuxem, Plate 2 Cashaqua beds in the river gorge near Mount Morris. Upper part of cliff in distance. Rhinestreet black shale PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 53 In the early reports of the Geological Survey this black shale band was considered as the upper part of the Genesee black slate. In United State Geological Survey bulletin 16, 1885, J. M. Clarke, for the reasons above stated, separated it from the Genesee slate and considered it as a member of the Portage group under the name “ Lower black band.” In New York State Museum bulletin 63, 1904, it was designated the Middlesex shale, from its abundant exposures in the town of Middlesex, Yates co., from which locality it is continuous westward maintaining its general characteristics, but diminishing in thickness to 6 feet on the shore of Lake Erie, where it is well exposed in the bed of Pike creek near its mouth in the town of North Evans, Erie co. The exposure of the Middlesex black shale in the cliff at the mouth of the gorge is continuous in both banks for about 2 miles, the dip bringing it down to the river level on the south side of the “ Hogsback.” Other outcrops may be seen in the lower part of the ravine 2 miles northwest of Mount Morris, at the mouth of Buck run ravine, and on Cashaqua creek at the foot of the cliff at Sonyea. Cashaqua shale The beds included in this division were first described in the Third Annual Report on the Fourth District, 1838, as they appear succeeding the Genesee black slate in Yates and Seneca counties. The name Cashaqua shales first appears on page 390 of the Fourth Annual Report on the Fourth District for 1839, where it is said: “The group mentioned in the report of last year as suc- ceeding the upper black slate, becomes on the Genesee a mass of green crumbling shale of 110 feet thickness. It is exposed on Cashaqua creek, hence the name Cashaqua shale.” In the final report of 1843, pages 226 and 227, after more fully describing this division as it appears in the Genesee section, it is added: “At the eastern extremity of the district and on the shores of Seneca lake at Penn-Yan and other places, this rock consists of a green shale with thin flagstones and interlaminated sandy shale. It contains the same fossils; and holding the same position as on the Genesee it can be regarded only as the same rock. . . . Farther east it is not recognized as shale at all, the mass consisting of thinly laminated sandstones.” Tracing it west of the Genesee, it con- *This Indian name derived from Gah-she-gwah, a svear, is also spelled Coshaqua, Kishaqua, Kushaqua, Keshequa and Keshaqua. It is retained here in the form used. by Hall which is the spelling adopted in the geological literature of New York for 70 years. The word is pronounced Kish-e-quay. 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM stantly presents the same features as on the Cashaqua but thins down to 33 feet on the shores of Lake Erie. The passage from the Middlesex to the Cashaqua shale is through several alternations of light and dark layers in a few feet above which horizon the black layers are infrequent and thin. They reappear toward the top and after a few alternations like those at the base become the homogeneous mass of black shale constituting the Rhinestreet black shale, the succeeding member of the Portage group. Fossils are not abundant in any part of the Cashaqua shale, but a few may be found in all of the lighter beds and in the upper and more calcareous olive shales they are fairly common. Some large cephalopods are finely preserved in flat concretions 20 to 40 feet below the top of the formation. Concretions usually a foot or more in diameter in a row at the top of these shales in this section and further east have a layer of calcareous matter 114 to 2 inches thick at the base composed of fossils, sometimes in fine condition. This is approximately the horizon of the Parrish limestone, a thin calcareous layer of concretionary structure, continuous from Canandaigua lake valley to Seneca lake and a reliable datum point in the stratigraphy of that region. The fauna of the Cashaqua shale is diverse and interesting. This horizon is the normal seat of the peculiar fauna of the Portage group, which is continued eastward without much variation but at the west shows differences of composition [see Clarke, Naples Fauna of Western New York]. In the general section the more common forms are: Manticoceras pattersoni (Hall) Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Probeloceras lutheri Clarke P. cashaqua Clarke Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad) Honeoyea major Clarke Bactrites aciculum (Hall) Ontaria suborbicularis (Hall) Orthoceras pacator Hall O. accincta Clarke O. ontario Clarke Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) O. filiosum Clarke Paracardium doris Hall Phragmostoma natator Hall Palaeoneilo petila Clarke Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acuti- Lingula ligea Hall - rostrum Hall Aulopora annectens Clarke L. (Pinnopsis) ornatum Hall Melocrinus clarkei Williams The Cashaqua shale is exposed in the walls of the gorge from near the mouth where the base is seen over the black beds for 6 miles to the north end of Smoky Hollow where the southwestern dip brings it down to the river level. Opposite the lookout stations along the “ High Banks” where the cliffs are 300 to 350 feet high, kq poddeo ‘seyrys enbeysey Jo posodtoo St 9oplt oy, “SUG Yorn sopeys Joorjgsouryy Youd. JOAIT GoSeTeH UL puoeq Fv ovg-s0H,, 94} JO MOTA ey} Woy Ysvo SUTYOOT /WVP STITO TW quNOyW 9Aoqe seu %%% € 93% Id ‘ 2 . 7 - . v 1 ‘. oy iS P ‘ - - r Yee 4 Maes ‘ PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 5s the formation is displayed in’a most striking manner, as a heavy band of light blue gray in the middle of the wall contrasting strongly with the black bands above and below it. The mass of the unique “ Hogback” is composed of this shale capped by the black Rhinestreet shale. The ravine at Gibsonville affords an excellent opportunity for examination of the upper beds and good exposures of the entire formation may be found in the ravine 1 mile west of the mouth of the gorge; in Buck run ravine, 1 mile southeast of Mount Morris; along Cashaqua creek for 2 miles south of Sonyea, and on the east side of the Canaseraga valley in the large ravines nearly opposite Sonyea. The smaller ravines on both sides of the valley present many good exposures of the upper beds and the contact with the Rhinestreet shale appears at the roadside on the hill 114 miles southeast of Groveland station, near the east line of the Nunda quadrangle. Rhinestreet black shale [The Cashaqua beds from Schuyler county on the east to Lake Erie are succeeded by a band of black shale with a few thin lighter and mostly arenaceous layers intercalated at some localities altogether differing materially in both structure and fauna from the Gardeau group in which it was formerly included as described in the reports of the Geological Survey of the fourth district. Its strong contrast with the light blue Cashaqua beds below it, and the flags and sandy ferruginous shales above it, makes it a distinct and noticeable feature in the stratigraphy of western New York. It was referred to by Clarke in United States Geological Survey bulletin 16, as the “ Second Black Band” in the Portage group. In New York State Museum bulletin 63, it is described as a Portage unit, and on account of its constant exposure in the vineyard region north of Naples known as “ Rhinestreet ” the name here used was applied to it. It is 21 feet thick at Naples, but increases toward the west at an average rate of about 2 feet per mile and on Lake Erie has a thick- ness of 185 feet. In the Genesee river section the assigned thickness is 53 feet. Fossils, except lignites, fish remains, conodont teeth and occasion- ally a Spathiocaris and a few small lingulas are almost entirely absent from these beds. The lighter interlaminated shales at the top and bottom occasionally contain specimens from the Cashaqu fauna. | 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The Rhinestreet black shale is finely displayed in the walls of the gorge from the top of the north end of High Banks continuously for 8 miles southward to the north end of the St Helena or Gardeau | Flats. a It is the cap rock of the “ Hogback”’ and is finely exposed at Gibsonville, also on Buck run at and above the cascade and in adjacent ravines; on Cashaqua creek for a mile midway between Sonyea and Tuscarora; and in the ravine 2 miles northwest of Mount Morris. On the east side of the valley it appears in several ravines 1 to 3 miles north of Groveland station and in the rock cut of the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 114 miles southeast from Groveland station. Very fine fish remains have been collected from this locality. The list of fossils contained in the Rhinestreet black shale com- prises the following species: Palaeoniscus devonicus Clarke Prioniodus spicatus Hinde Pristacanthus vetustus Clarke P. erraticus Hinde Acanthodus pristis Clarke Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke Polygnathus dubius Hinde Lingula ligea Hall Hatch flags and shale In the rather meager description of the “ Gardeau flagstones and shales’ in the reports on the geology of the fourth district some reference is made \to the difference between the character of the lower and upper beds of the division. This difference is| more manifest in the Naples section specially in regard to the faunas and the horizon of the change is marked by a series of heavy sandstones that have produced an escarpment on | Hatch hill 275 feet above the Rhinestreet shale as exposed at the foot of the hill. In State Museum bulletin 63, the intervening shales and flags between these sandstones and the Rhinestreet shale were fully described and designated the “ Hatch flags and shale.” In the Genesee section the formation is included between the Rhinestreet black shale and the bank of thin sandstones that is seen in the cliff on the east side of the Gardeau Flats, coming down to 60 feet above the river at the east end of the St Helena bridge and to the river level at the mouth of Wolf creek, embracing 209 feet of shales and flags. The shales are in thin layers many of them being black and slaty, others blue and fissile or olive, coarse and sandy. The general aspect of the rock walls in this part of the UMOYS ATJOUTISIP ST SO[eYS WZoey[q qo01JSOUIGY SuIAjIeAO 9Y4 pu soyeys enbeYseD yy Jo yoV{UO0D EY, ,,, YOVQ-sOF{,, OY} JO Opis ysveyNoG ¥ ajeId Plate 5 Cashaqua creek Rock cut in Cashaqua shales. PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 157 gorge is made dark and rusty by the ferruginous characters of the coarser shales and sandstones. The flags in these beds are smooth and even on the lower surface except for the presence of casts of depressions in the soft mud beneath, on which they were deposited in the shape of short straight ridges lying at all angles. These bodies have been known pemeuecordes graphica. The upper surface of the flags is usually shaly. Fossils except plant remains are very rare, though some of the lighter colored shales in the lower part contain: Manticoceras pattersoni (Hall) Ontaria suborbicularis (Hall) Probeloceras lutheri Clarke Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Orthoceras pacator Hall Buchiola speciosa (v. Buch) and a Phragmostoma natator Hall few other forms. Besides the exposure of these Hatch beds for 8 miles in the cliff along the river from opposite Gibsonville to the mouth of Wolf creek, they may be seen along the Silver lake outlet 2 miles below Perry; in the upper part of the ravine 2 miles northwest of Mount Morris; along Buck run above the falls to the first highway bridge; on Cashaqua creek and at Tuscarora a mile below; also in the ravines at West Sparta and in nearly all of the ravines on the east side of the Canaseraga valley within the limits of the Nunda quad- rangle. Grimes sandstone At the mouth of Wolf creek a band of thin sandstones separated by hard dark shales, altogether about 25 feet thick, overlying the Hatch flags and shales comes down to the bottom of the cliff. It is 60 to 85 feet from the base of the cliffs at the east end of the St Helena bridge and is prominent in the eastern rock wall opposite the Gardeau Flats, 1 to 2 miles below St Helena. It is here essentially barren except for plant remains, and it 1s not a very well defined nor significant feature of the Portage section on the Genesee river or further west, but toward the east in the Springwater and Naples valleys the sandstones are much heavier and contain brachiopods and other forms not found in the Portage beds of the western part of the State, though most of them are common in the “Ithaca” beds of this horizon and that of the Hatch flags and shales in Tompkins county and farther east. At Naples the characteristic lamellibranchs and many of the other forms composing the Naples fauna that occur more or less abund- antly up to the base of this band have not been found above it. _ This formation was first described as a member in the Portage 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM group in State Museum bulletin 63, and designated Grimes sand- stone from its exposure in Grimes gully at Naples, N. Y. Other outcrops of these sandstones may be seen in several small ravines west of Smoky Hollow and on the Silver lake outlet 1% miles below Perry, also in the gullies north of Groveland station and south of West Sparta. Gardeau flags and shale As considered in this bulletin, this formation consists of an ex- tensive series of flags or thin sandstones and shales occupying that part of the river section between the Grimes sandstone at the mouth of Wolf creek and the base of the heavy sandstones at the top of the Upper falls, with an aggregate thickness of 344 feet. These rocks constitute the most striking part of this famous canyon. On the south side of the mouth of the Wolf creek ravine the vertical cliffs rise 250 to 300 feet in which the bands of black, blue gray and olive shales, and the greenish or blue sandstones of varying thicknesses and in irregular succession are displayed in the most effective manner. The lower beds, principally shales, are accessible in times of low water in the lower part of the Wolf creek ravine, and some of the lighter colored layers are fossiliferous. Midway in the cliffs for 2 miles south of Wolf creek the even stratum of sandstone that is the platform of Table rock at the top of the Lower falls, 70 feet high, is seen. Below this stratum down to the bottom of the falls, there are five layers of black shale aggre- gating 9 feet in thickness, intercalated at irregular intervals in 57 feet of gray shale and a few thin flags. Above it the sandstones are more frequent and increase in thickness, and in the walls below the Middle fall compose a considerable portion in the sedimentation. They are mostly not more than a foot or two in thickness, however, and layers of both light and dark shales recur up to the top of the formation. In the broad slope of rock on the west side of the river extending from the top of the Middle to the bottom of the Upper falls 109 feet of shales and flags are accessible and 20 feet more on the west side of the waterfall can easily be reached. For 51 feet above the bottom of the Upper fall the rock is prin- cipally soft with seven thin layers of dark or black shale inter- stratified between light shales or thin flags. One stratum of rather shaly sandstone 2 feet, 5 inches thick is 19 feet above the base of the section and is separated from a similar but slightly more com- SOTVYS pu SV nvopley ‘SII[ USL ‘ST[VJ TaMOrTT MOTEG 901045 9 xed > Cathedral rock, below the Flume, Glen Iris. Gardeau flags and shales PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 59 pact layer 3 feet, 6 inches thick by 5 feet, 4 inches of soft shale mostly dark. This sandstone is succeeded at the top of the formation by 19 feet, 8 inches of light and dark shales with a few thin flags, overlain by the stratum of light blue gray sandstone 7 feet thick that is the basal layer of the next higher member of the Portage group, the Nunda sandstones. The Gardeau flags and shales are the lowest rocks exposed on the Portage quadrangle in the Oatka creek or Warsaw valley. In the large ravine of Stony creek or Fall brook, Y% miles southwest of Warsaw 235 feet of these beds are finely exposed below the Erie Railroad. They are, as a whole, noticeably softer than in the Genesee river section and there are fewer sand- stones except at the top of the falls, where a hard stratum 1 foot thick has been denuded of shale for the space of a few square rods, and is locally known as Table rock. It is not, however, in the same horizon as the Table rock at the Lower Portage falls. In Gibson’s glen, near South Warsaw, 150 feet of the upper beds are exposed, and a somewhat less thickness of the same up to the top of the formation in the ravine of Oatka creek between Newburg and Rock Glen. In the Nunda or Cashaqua creek valley the small ravines on the side of East hill opposite Nunda and on the west side below Brooks grove, show partial sections of these beds, and Wildcat gully cuts through the entire formation. The upper parts of the rock gullies on the west side of the Canaseraga valley above West Sparta and nearly up to Byersville are in the Gardeau beds, and they are exposed under similar con- ditions on the east side above Groveland station. The fauna of the Gardeau beds on these quadrangles is not an extensive one, but it is made specially interesting by the fact that it is composed of several species that first appeared in the Genundewa limestone and were more or less common in the Cashaqua, with additions from the Portage fauna on Lake Erie, and, east of the river, some members of the Ithaca fauna that do not appear in the exposures in the gorge, nor in this horizon further west. Fossils except plant remains are usually almost entirely absent from these sandstones on the Portage quadrangle but Table rock in the Fall brook ravine, Warsaw which is in two parts, separated by a thin seam of shale, bears on the surface of the lower part scores Of the little lamellibranch Buchiola retrostriata: and several other species abundantly. Some flattened concretions in a 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM bed of soft shale at the mouth of Gibson’s glen contain some beautifully preserved fossils, mostly small specimens of Manti- coceras rhynchostoma Clarke and similar conereiion. occur elsewhere in this horizon but by far the larger part of the fossils collected from the Gardeau beds have been found in layers of light blue or olive soft shale, generally but a few inches thick. But few of them are conveniently accessible to collectors, but the lower one may be reached at the mouth of Wolf creek and others a mile farther up the ravine. At the top of the Lower Portage fall, a 10 inch layer immediately beneath Table rock is quite fossiliferous and a thinner layer 10 feet lower contains a few lamellibranchs and Manticoceras rhynchostoma occurs though very rarely, just above the 12 inch sandstone at the top of the Flume. In 1906 a fall of rock from 60 feet up in the cliff on the east side 40 rods above the Lower fall, brought down a part of an extensive bed of plant remains in which were many fragments of lepidodendron. A thin layer at water level half way between the Middle and Upper falls has afforded a number of fine specimens of Manticoceras oxy Clarke and other species, while similar layers occur a few feet higher. Although no brachiopods have been found in these beds in the gorge it is quite possible that some of the considerable number common in this horizon in the Naples valley may have extended as far west as this and their remains be buried in the inaccessible strata of the cliffs. A thin calcareous seam exposed by the roadside on Quarry hill 1 mile south of Nunda and stratigraphically near the top of the Gardeau beds, is composed of crinoid stems and frag- ments of brachiopods, and a calcareous sandstone 3 inches thick exposed by the side of the river road 2 miles north of River Road Forks and in the lower part of this formation contains Ambocoelia in large numbers, also Chonetes and fragments of Leptostrophia less abundantly, all exceedingly small. The following is a list of the more common fossils in the Gardeau beds on these quadrangles: Entomis serratostriata Sandberger Bactrites aciculum (Hall) E. variostriata Clarke Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Manticoceras pattersoni (Hall) Phragmostoma natator Hall M. oxy Clarke Loxonema multiplicatum Clarke M. rhynchostoma Clarke Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad) Lunulicardium bickense Holzapfel Orthoceras pacator Hall Honeoyea erinacea Clarke Plate 8 ie d, 4 + Gardeau flags and shales 1S. Glen Ir be) Lower falls and ‘‘ Flume, Plate 9 Part of the Lower falls at Portage from Tablerock. Gardeau flags and shales PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 61 H. major Clarke B. lupina Clarke H. desmata Clarke Paracardium doris Hall Posidonia attica (Williams) Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Ontaria suborbicularis (Hall) Cladochonus O. clarkei (Beushausen) Lignites Euthydesma subtextile Hall Fucoides graphica Hall Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) F. verticalis Hall Nunda sandstone A stratum of sandstone 7 feet thick, the bottom of which is 28 feet below the top of the Upper fall is the basal layer of this sub- division. It is succeeded by 7 feet of shales and thin flags, overlain by the somewhat shaly sandstone 13 feet, 6 inches thick seen at the crest of that fall. A bed of hard blue shale 4 feet, 4 inches thick overlies this sand- stone, another 12 feet higher is 2 feet thick and a third 70 feet above the top of the falls is 6 feet thick with an 8 inch layer of sandstone in the upper part. Except these three beds of shales and a few thin shaly partings between the heavy layers the formation as exposed in the Genesee river gorge section is composed entirely of light blue gray sand- stone in layers from 3 to 10 feet thick, some of which are calcar- eous to a greater or less degree, and hard, while others are schistose or coarsely shaly in many laminations. Large and usually obscurely defined concretions or burls occur in ‘some of the layers. The cliffs at Portageville by long exposure have weathered to a yellowish or olive-gray color, and that is commonly the color of these beds in old outcrops everywhere, but when newly quarried the rock has a handsome blue gray tint and is popularly known as “bluestone.” The more compact layers are extensively quarried on the west side of the river 1% miles south of Portageville by the Portageville Bluestone Co., and at Bluestone by the Genesee Valley Bluestone Co., and near Rock Glen by the American Bluestone Co., and the Warsaw Bluestone Co., sawed into flagging and house trimmings, the handsome color of the rock combined with its durable character making it extremely popular for such use and of considerable importance economically. The 6 foot bed of shale seen at the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad at the south end of the high Erie Railroad bridge, con- tains large numbers of small irregularly shaped calcareous con- cretions that give the bed a distinctly nodular expression not seen in shales east of these quadrangles but common in the western part 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the State. This band appears in the quarries at Portageville and also at Rock Glen, and may serve as a datum by which to determine the place, in the series, of the more valuable quarry stone layers. It may be seen on Quarry hill at Nunda at the reservoir. A thinner layer of the same character appears high up in the quarry wall here, but it thins out toward the west and is scarcely noticeable in the river gorge. The nodules are common also in the 2 feet of shale near the bottom of the formation at Portage- ville. Next to that of the gorge section and the quarries mentioned the best exposure of the Nunda sandstone on these quadrangles is on Quarry hill 1 mile south of Nunda and along the road to Dalton. It crops out occasionally on the hill east of Nunda along the wall to Byersville and in small ravines and is well displayed in Wildcat gully in the northeast corner of the town. It is exposed along Wolf creek below Castile and for a mile west of the Erie Railroad along Relyea creek and Stony creek near Warsaw. Lignitic plant remains are common in the sandstones, sometimes in sufficient quantity as to form thin coaly seams of small extent. The lignites are usually fragmentary and rarely well enough pre- served to allow identification of species. Manticocéeras oxy Clarke, M. £hy tehociemes Clarke, Aulopora, Orbiculoidea sp. Crinoid stems, Fucoides verticalis and a few small representatives of the Gardeau fauna, constitute the fauna of this formation in the river section, but in the eastern part of the Nunda quadrangle thin seams of the comminuted shells of brachiopods occur and in the Naples valley these rocks contain a well developed Chemung fauna. The Nunda sandstones are prominent in the stratigraphy of western New York from Chemung county to Lake Erie. The formation, while retaining its character as a mass of homogeneous barren sandstones, thins out rapidly west of Wyoming county and on the shores of Lake Erie south of Portland harbor where it dips under the water it is but a few feet thick. Toward the east it becomes gradually less homogeneous and more assimilated to the adjacent formations, but may be traced in numer- ous outcrops as far east as Chemung county. In the vicinity of Naples these sandstones contain calcareous masses of fossils, mostly belonging to the fauna of the Chemung rocks. One of these out- cropping in High point, a rock bluff 3 miles west of the village, SOlVYS pu Sov nveprvy ‘9.0v410g ‘ST[VJ TaMorT Jo pus zoddq Sr caren Ol 33%[g SoTeYys pue sovy nvopiey ‘YSty Joos NOS WRY} 910MM 9f}FT] V ST [TVA YOor oY ‘S[[PJ Ioaory pur o[ppryl ey usemyoq oS108 oxy,;, II 93°[d PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 63 contains 22 species of brachiopods among them Spirifer disjunctus Sowerby, besides many other forms, and another lentil 3 miles south is a mass of fossil sponges and Chemung brachiopods, forms that did not appear in the Genesee valley sec- tion till after more than 200 feet of sediment had been deposited above this horizon. The sandstones at the top of the formation here pass gradually into soft sandy shales. The exact point of contact with the succeeding formation is covered at Portageville but is slightly exposed by the side of the Quarry hill road 114 miles south of Nunda. The strata included in the Nunda sandstones as considered in this bulletin have an aggregate thickness of 215 feet. In various recent publications the singularly interesting fact has been brought to notice that an essential difference in classification of the upper rocks of this Devonic series results from the inde- pendent consideration of the stratigraphic and the paleontologic evidence. In paleontology the Portage group here extends upward to include a mass of olive shales with some sand having a thickness of several hundred feet, and the upward extent of this fauna in the Genesee section is characteristic of its range throughout the region farther west in the State. But at the east, in the Canandaigua- Naples meridian, this fauna disappears practically or entirely at a horizon below that of the Nunda sandstones. These sandstones have been traced almost foot by foot between these meridians, and the stratigraphic continuity of the Nunda sandstones of the Genesee section with the High Point sandstone of the Naples section is beyond question. The seeming inappropriateness of a twofold designation for the same geologic horizon is dispelled by the entire difference in the contained faunas at these distant sections. In paleontology the High Point sandstones carrying a brachiopod fauna with Spirifer disjunctus are of Chemung age, the Nunda sandstones of Portage age. We therefore have in the Nunda sand- stones of the Genesee valley a member of the Portage group which lies at the base of the Chemung group farther east. Another and still higher member of the Portage group is also present in this section and its presence and probable value were indicated by Hall in 1839 [Annual Report, p. 392]. The two groups just described (Gardeau and Portage) occupy a thickness of more than a thousand feet and are interposed between the Cashaqua shale and the Chemung group. Indeed, if we consider the Chemung group as commencing with the occur- 04 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rence of its characteristic marine fossils, then several hundred feet more of rocks may be noticed as intervening between the upper Portage rock and that group. The rock succeeding the upper Portage rock consists of greenish olive, sandy shale, or very shaly sandstone, never slaty. The only fossils seen in this rock is a species of fucoides with a striated surface, and these are by no means numerous. ‘This is succeeded by a dark, nearly black sandy, highly micaceous shale with septaria. It contains iron pyrites and where exposed is of an iron rust color externally. Some thin masses Of gray sandstone are interstratified which contain fossils referable to the Chemung group. ‘[p. 402] Succeeding the black micaceous shale are the sandstones and shales constituting the Chemung group which is everywhere visible in the ravines and banks of streams. Its northern limit extends through the southern part of the towns of Centerville, Hume, Grove and Burns. In this county more particularly along the Genesee river and west, the group differs in lithological char- acters and consequently in some degree from the same rocks in Steuben and Chemung. From these quotations it is clear that though Hall conventionally classified all of the rocks succeeding the Portage (Nunda) sand- stones for a thickness at least as great as appears on these quad- rangles, as belonging to the Chemung group, he directed attention to the fact that they might be subdivided as follows: 1 Olive shales and shaly sandstones at the base. 2 Micaceous shales with thin sandstones containing brachiopods. 3 Heavy sandstones and shales which, lithologically are very similar in character to the strata referred to as constituting the Chemung group at the type locality. . Sufficient data have not yet been obtained on which to decide whether divisions 2 and 3 should be considered as separate geologi- cal units, but it 1s not improbable that further invesigations mav demonstrate that they are such. The beds of division 1 are known as the Wiscoy shales and sands These shaly olive beds were described as a unit in the New York geological series, and the relations of the fossils found in them discussed by Clarke in the 16th Annual Report of the State Geolo- gist of New York, 1898, and the name “ Wiscoy shales and sands ”’ applied to them on account of their favorable exposure at the falls of Wiscoy creek at Wiscoy, N. Y. The stratigraphy of these beds was shown in detail in diagrams accompanied by description, by Luther in New York State Museum bulletin 69, 1903. a i ) So[VYS puv sovey nvopiey oy Jo 41ed rzeddn ey} uy. “'sT]eJ 1aMorT pur o[ppryL 9A Woeemyoq 98105H ZI 33eIg Plate 13 The Middle falls at Glen Iris. Gardeau flags and shales f . 2 ey t ry = PS = fa -o . = — -™* V i. — 4 a =? >< — PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 65 South of the sandstone cliffs at Portageville the course of the Genesee river winds through a broad valley in which the only exposures of these soft beds are to be found in the various excava- tions in the adjacent hillsides. The basal layers may be seen in the ravine 1%4 mile south of Bluestone; and at the falls of Wiscoy creek at Wiscoy the floor and walls of the ravine display 135 feet of the middle and upper beds. Near the top of the north walls above the falls the calcareous sandstones occur that succeed this formation and are the lowest of the “coarse sandstones with fossils of the Chemung group,” re- ferred to by Hall, in the Genesee river section. This band of sandstones comes down to the river level 5 miles south of Wiscoy and 1 mile south of Fillmore at Long Beards Riffs where it makes a low cascade and is exposed on both sides of the river. It was described and the designation “Long Beards Riffs sandstone” applied to it by Luther in New York State Museum bulletin 60, 1903. The lower beds of the Wiscoy division are mostly coarse blocky shales or soft sandstones with an occasional flagstone. In the middle and upper parts the sedimentation is generally finer, and there are several layers of black slaty shale one of which is 6 feet thick. An 8 foot bed of nodular shales lies next below this black bed and concretions from an inch to 3 feet in diameter occur throughout the entire formation. Nearly all of the beds are calcareous to a greater or less degree and on the whole greatly resemble the Cashaqua shale. This re- semblance becomes even stronger toward the west, but is lost to a certain extent toward the east owing to the increase of arenaceous matter. The exposure at Wiscoy and in the ravines on the east side of the valley 1 to 3 miles farther south afford the best opportunities for examination of the Wiscoy beds. They are also exposed along Stony creek 2 miles west of Warsaw and slightly along the upper reaches of Relyea creek and Oatka creek, also east of the Genesee valley for %4 mile north of Hunts along the Nunda road, and by the roadside 1 mile southwest of Dalton. Small outcrops are com- mon by the roadsides and in the ravines on the slopes of the hilly region east of Nunda. In Steuben county where these beds are coarser they contain many Chemung brachiopods and it is probable that the same species occur in this horizon in the eastern part of the Nunda quadrangle, 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM though owing to a lack of favorable exposure they have not been observed. The fauna of the Wiscoy is a sparse one in both species and individuals. The following have been collected from Wiscoy creek ravine and the gullies on the east side of the valley 2 to 4 miles farther south: Manticoceras oxy Clarke Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) wiscoy- M. rhynchostoma Clarke ense Clarke Orthoceras sp. Paracardium doris Hall Pleurotomaria sp. Zaphrentis sp. Hyolithus neapolis Clarke Lingula ligea Hall Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Chemung group In discussing this division in Museum bulletin 81, 1905, ( Watkins and Elmira Quadrangles) the following commentary was made on the general value of the term: The term Chemung has been applied with such a breadth of mean- ing in New York stratigraphy that faunally and stratigraphically it no longer meets the requirements of precise expression. The forma- tion has been, in a general and vague way, regarded as that mass of arenaceous deposits lying above the Portage of western New York and the Ithaca of central New York, from which there is, as is now known, a transition lithologically so gradual as to make a separation a pure convention. In respect to fauna the “ Chemung group” has been commonly regarded as well defined by the pres- ence of a notable series of species specially brachiopods, lamelli- branchs and dictyosponges, all of which have been in a way re- garded as centered about the species Spirifer dis jmume sme and the horizon, as a whole, including a thickness of from 1000 to 1500 feet of strata, regarded as the horizon of Spirifer dis- junctus. This conception, as we have heretofore explained, is misleading, vague and inaccurate. The horizon of Spifanen disjunctus follows close on the change from the Naples fauna in western New York at a high altitude above the base of the Portage formation. In central New York there is no such change but the gradation from the Ithaca fauna out of the Hamilton fauna upward into the association which carries species elsewhere con- current with Sp. disjunctus is very easy and it is extremely difficult to draw a division plane anywhere except on the basis of refined distinctions into successive faunules. Spirifer dis- junctus in this eastern region did not appear till this period of “Chemung” deposition was well nigh over. For a precise use of this term Chemung therefore we are thrown back on the Plate 14 Middle falls at Glen Iris, from the west side. Gardeau flags and shales nV SoTeys puy Scovy nvopriey “4USI oy uo yaed YAAIOMTO JOT ‘punoleyoeq oy Ur sttey teddy oy eAOGe osSpliq prodpIeYy oliy oy, ~“MOTOG 9510S 9Y4 pu ST[eF OTPPIW SOUL GI 93eId “ PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 67 original employment of the name and we here cite the explanation of the term as first used by Professor Hall, taken from the Third Report on the Fourth Geological District, 1839, pages 322-24: “The tops of the hills and high grounds in the towns of Erin, Veteran and Catlin, display a group of rocks and fossils very distinct from those last described. The essential difference is the lithological characters of the sandstone of this group in the absence of argillaceous matter in most of the layers, these being nearly a pure silicious rock, harsh to the touch, and generally of a porous texture; while still a large proportion of the mass consists of com- pact shales and argillaceous sandstones of a softer texture than those below. The surface of the sandstone layers is rough, while those below are smooth and glossy, and being never rippled, prove that the rocks were deposited in a quiet sea.” In the previous chapter we have referred to an already recognized necessity of removing from the Chemung division of the Genesee valley a lower portion which Professor Hall himself anticipated might have to be excepted therefrom on stratigraphic grounds only. With the Wiscoy beds eliminated there remains thereabove in this section 400 feet of sandstones and shales, not differing greatly from the Portage beds in appearance nor lithologically, though the sand- stones are usually light olive-gray in color and more micaceous. Thin layers of impure limestone resulting from aggregations of brachiopods and other fossils occur occasionally in the sandy layers but are most common in the upper beds. The shales are in all variations and shades of color from light blue gray and olive to deep black. Rows of small calcareous concretions occur in some of the lighter shales, and larger, but less clearly defined masses of concretionary character are in a few of the heavier sandstones. The stratum containing brachiopods at Long Beards Riffs and Wiscoy falls is in the lower part of a band of sandstones and shales exposed at Mill’s Mills and along East Koy creek, a mile north of Lamont. Soft shales prevail in the succeeding 400 feet of strata though there are several lentils of sandstone embraced in this part of the section. Exposures of this horizon in the vicinity of Pike, show mostly light shales that become rusty on exposure between thin rough flags rt to 3 feet apart. In the Dingman quarry 1 mile north of Pike a 12 foot band of sandstones is exposed that is about 200 feet higher in the strata than the Long Beards Riffs lentil. These sandstones are also exposed along the Allegany road a mile southwest of Pike, where one of the layers contains a calcareous mass of fossils and after long exposure weathers dark brown. 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM There are many small exposures of this part of the Chemung group along the roadsides and in small gullies on these quadrangles, but none that show more than a fraction of the rock section. It is well displayed, however, along Caneadea creek and in other ravines on the next quadrangle south of the Portage. At 1700’ A. T. on the Allegany road 4 miles southwest of Pike there is manifest a considerable change in the conditions of sedi- mentation, soft shales no longer predominating, but a series of flags and sandstones, many of which contain brachiopods in large numbers, appears and is exposed along the roadside showing a thickness of 150 feet or more, above which the rocks are covered by drift, but blocks of compact quartzitic gray sandstone, very coarse in structure and in some parts having the composition of a fine conglomerate, are scattered over the fields or built into the fences in such quantities as to make it evident that it is the bed rock in the vicinity of the crossing of the Allegany road and the east and west road near the south line of the quadrangle. There is no other favorable exposure of these sandstones on these quad- rangles but they are amply displayed in the Belfast quadrangle. Fossils are not abundant in the strata succeeding the Wiscoy shales for 400 feet except in a few thin seams in the lightest shales and in the heavier of the sandstones. The following species have been collected from the stratum succeeding the Wiscoy shale as Long Beards Riffs and Wiscoy: Spirifer disjunctus Sowerby Atrypa aspera Hall S. mesacostalis Hall Camarotoechia sp. Liorhynchus multicosta Hall Orbiculoidea alleghania Hall Productella lachrymosa Conrad: Orbiculoidea cf. media Hall P. speciosa Hall Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) P. hirsuta Hall Lingula cf. melie and several unidentified species. These are the prevailing forms that appear in the lower Chemung beds on these quadrangles and most of them continue up into the heavy sandstones where they are much more abundant and where other species are added to the fauna. : Dip The rocks of these quadrangles show very little evidence of dis- turbance except in an even gentle dipping toward the south-south- west. The line of contact between the Moscow shales and Genesee slate has a westward declination of about 10 feet in the 55 miles SolVys pue sovy nvoparey toddyQ ‘esplaq pvoaryley oq od pure sT[eA roddQ oY} Jo MOTA gt ayeld PORTAGE AND NUNDA QUADRANGLES 69 between its exposure at Moscow and on the shore of Lake Erie. This westward dip is increased by the thinning out of the Genesee and Portage beds, producing a different rate for each contact line. For the top of the Nunda sandstones the average is about 8 feet per mile with considerable variations due to slight undulations. The average southern dip is 20 to 22 feet a mile and toward the south-southwest 30 feet a mile. This appears to be slightly in- creased in some of the quarries, possibly due to the relief from pressure following the excavation of the deep valleys on the sides of which they are located. PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF DHE GENESEE Vai IN THE PORTAGE DISimRiem BY HERMAN L. FAIRCHILD Evolution of western New York drainage Any adequate discussion of the preglacial history of the Genesee river in its broader relations would involve the whole problem of the changes and adjustment in the drainage of the area of western and central New York and northern Pennsylvania during all time since the later Paleozoic. This is a large problem which has not been seriously attacked and one which requires much study. For the purpose of the present writing we shall be content with the briefest presentation of the elements of the problem. It would seem certain that the primitive and consequent drainage of the western half of the State, along with the northern and western part of Pennsylvania, must have been southward or southwestward when the region was slowly uplifted from the seas as a coastal plain, bordering the old lands of Canada and the Adirondacks. Such elevation probably occurred not later than the Subcarboniferous. Many of our broader valleys, specially those with a southward or southwestward trend, are probably an inheritance from that earliest drainage across the uplifting plain. In the course of time the at- titude, structure and composition of the rock strata, along with the up and down movements of the land, influenced the disposition of the drainage. In the Ontario region a great thickness of weak rocks permitted the secondary or subsequent streams having east and west courses, along the strike of the strata, to develop and strengthen at the ex- pense of some of the older and trunk streams. Eventually some of these subsequent streams united to make a great main or trunk stream, flowing either east or west, and so there was developed by atmospheric and stream work the great Ontario depression. With the deepening of the east and west Ontario valley the drainage along the southern side was reversed by streams developing northward flow toward the Ontarian river. In later geologic time probably 70 PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY Fil most or all of central New York was included in this reversed (obsequent) drainage, having northward flow down the inface of the Allegheny table-land. The valleys of the Finger lakes represent the work of such northward drainage,) but the most conspicuous and the longest example is the Genesee river. During the long process of adjustment of the drainage there were great changes not only in land altitude but also in the climatic factors. Recently the Pleistocene ice sheets have plowed across the region and in a capricious manner have left some valley stretches filled with rock rubbish while other long stretches have been unfilled, or even scoured and cleared. Not only has the preglacial topog- raphy been thus obscured and the drainage diverted, but still greater interference with the old drainage was produced by the damming effect of the ice itself, in forcing the drainage into new lines, either southward or in directions along the ice front.? The Genesee, as above noted, is the longest stream in New York which retains its preglacial northward course. It has persisted in its northerly course in spite of obstructions and diversions, for a little thought makes it evident that the damming and diverting effect of the glacier must have been to destroy the original northward flow rather than to produce such flow. Diversions of the river. Buried channels In the course of the Genesee river there are three stretches where its valley shrinks to a narrow steepwalled ravine or canyon. One is at Portage, a second near Mount Morris, and a third at Rochester. The first two are parts of a single diversion of the river. Above Portageville and below Mount Morris the valley is broad and flaring and is evidently the result of weathering, storm wash and stream transportation during millions of years. The canyons represent the same kind of geologic processes as the open-valley stretches but only a small fraction of the time. Quantitatively the canyons are inharmonious with the rest of the valley, and have long been recog- nized as the very recent or postglacial work of the river where it has been forced from its old valley into a new path. Logically it must follow that for each of the new stretches of the river course there must be a corresponding deserted stretch of the ancient valley. As to the cause of the changes in the river’s course there is no disagreement among geologists, it being the interference 1See N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 45, p. 31-54; Geol. Soc. Am. Bul. 16: 55-56. 2 For illustration of such glacial drainage see N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 106, I pe7 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the ice sheet, as described above. The deserted and more or less drift-buried stretches of the older valley must connect the ex- isting open, mature stretches, passing around the new, ravine stretches. The criteria for locating the abandoned stretches are as follows: (1) Direction: which would be expected to lie in fairly direct line | connecting the open or unobstructed stretches. (2) Width: which should correspond to that of the old, open valley, making allowance for any difference in the character of the rocks. (3) Walls: which should have slope and height similar to the open stretches. (4) Depth: the original bottom of the deserted stretches must have been in accord or graded with that of the open parts. In want of deep borings sufficient to fully prove the location, depth and form of the buried stretches we have to rely at present on the general form and relation of the broader valley features and the exposures of rock. While these are not entirely satisfactory yet they are probably suffh- cient to show the main facts of the preglacial drainage. Rochester district. Somewhere between Avon and Rochester the Genesee river leaves its old valley and enters its modern course, which becomes at Rochester a rock canyon with three cataracts, cut in Niagara, Clinton and Medina strata. The ancient and wider channel must have had a northward trend and somewhere must have crossed the Niagara scarp in order to join the river or lake which occupied the Ontario depression. From the St Davids valley to Sodus bay there is no break in the horizontal strata which could possibly have carried a large stream for a long time except the gap now occupied by Irondequoit bay (or lake). Here is an open valley over a mile wide, in hard rocks, and extending southward as a traceable depression some 15 miles. The depth of the Irondequoit valley to rock is unknown but the depth of water is given as 87 feet. The rock bottom of the old valley must be graded to the depth of the Ontario basin which runs into hundreds of feet a few miles out from the south shore. The conclusion is unavoidable that here we have a portion of the old, preglacial Genesee valley, and the most northerly stretch now above the waters of Ontario. From the neighborhood of Fishers, in the Irondequoit valley, westward to the Genesee valley near West Rush, or to the mouth of the Honeoye creek, the old valley is so completely obscured that no confident suggestion of its course can be based on surface features. It appears most probable that the course of the river had been adjusted to the underlying rocks and Sap.suespenb 98e}10q JO j1ed pue epunn 7) v ac on S is} =i Es] at 3 os o on is} oo i 5 a — ° oS I sf a, ue) = a 3 bs) iS a Z Preglacial drainage in Portage district ; hypothetical Hey. NAC ) as i ee (aman (fs q x él REN PIs | Gp ate Baa SF é S&S Wh. vive Nee 9 ate Ne sar teh ty & ~ ay . ? ai one ; ra Tee | y MM PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY Te that a few miles north of Avon the channel bent eastward along the outcrop of the very soft Salina shale, similar to the present streams on the latitude parallel between Buffalo and Syracuse, This east and west stretch of the ancient valley, lying athwart the direction of the ice movement, was the part most filled by the glacial drift. Portage-Mount Morris district. The canyons at Portage and Mount Morris together with the 8 miles of narrow intervening valley represent a single diversion of the river. Evidently the ravine- like valley from St Helena to Gibsonville is older than the canyons at the two ends, being V-shaped and flaring, although the rocks are as resistant as those of the Mount Morris canyon, locally called the “‘ High Banks.” Yet this valley is decidedly too narrow to have been a part of the Genesee valley, and is entirely out of harmony with the open valley above Portage and below Mount Morris. We must conclude that the St Helena valley belonged to some smaller or tributary stream. | The St Helena creek, as we may name the preglacial tributary, probably flowed south and entered the Genesee river 2 miles east of the Portage viaduct, near the Lewis corners [see map]. Ina similar relation the depression followed by the Erie Railroad north to Silver Springs and including the valley of Silver lake probably drained south and joined the Genesee valley north of Portage by the break in the west wall at that point. This gap in the rock wall is too small to represent the old valley of the river, as suggested by Grabau,! but undoubtedly is the junction of a tributary valley, His suggestion that the old valley led northwest and comprised the Warsaw-Wyoming or Oatka creek valley can not be maintained. First, the break in the rock wall at Portage is insufficient to repre- sent the river valley. Second, the gross topography indicates no sufficiently capacious valley leading toward Warsaw, and the ob- scuring drift is scanty. Third, while the Oatka has a handsome valley from Warsaw to Pavilion this has neither the size, form nor altitude that would represent the lower stretch of the river valley on that meridian, in soft shales. Fourth, rock appears at Castile in the bed of Wolf creek, at about 1260 feet altitude; and at the rail- road station rock underlies the surface at near 1400 feet, thus effectually closing any river escape in that direction. Fifth, the head of the Warsaw valley, at Rock Glen, is in rock on both sides of the valley axis, at 1200 and 1300 feet. Sixth, the Oatka valley quite 1 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 1894. 26: 359-60. 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM disappears toward Leroy and the creek falls over the limestone in a mere notch. Seventh, the Onondaga limestone has a practically continuous outcrop from east of Batavia to the Genesee east of Caledonia, and no heavy stream ever crossed its scarp in that region ‘in preglacial time. In attempting to locate the ancient valley for the interval from Portage to Mount Morris we must apply the criteria as noted above and use the principles and argument as in the Rochester district. Assembling the topographic sheets it becomes apparent that only one valley is found on the map which meets the conditions. The valley of Nunda, now occupied by Keshequa! creek, and lying east of the present river, has fair direction, sufficient size and the proper depth where unfilled. The extensive moraine between Portage and Oak- land is evidently the barrier between the Portageville and Nunda sec- tions of the great vallev. North and northeast of Portageville the walls of the valley are only drift and no rock is found anywhere in that district. On the steep slope south of Hunt (cut by the outflow of the fifth stage of the glacial waters.as described below), in the creek gorge at Hunt’s Hollow, and on the slope northeast, the rocks appear, but they mark only the eastern wall of the ancient valley. On the north no rock is found until the hill is reached north of Oakland. The old valley is very wide here and was probably broad- ened by the junction of four streams: (1) the Genesee, passing’ northeast; (2) the Silver lake-Castile affluent, from the north- west; (3) the St Helena tributary, from the north; and (4) the Dalton or upper Keshequa waters, from the southeast. This re- lation is indicated in the accompanying map. Downstream, or northeast of Nunda, toward Tuscarora and Sonyea the higher and broader cross-section of the old valley is very satisfactory.. From Nunda to Union Corners the eastern wall is plainly the slope of a great valley. The western wall is equally conspicuous though partially dissected by a shallow north and south valley northwest of Tuscarora. From Tuscarora to Sonyea the bot- tom section of the old valley is obscured by drift and is not so satisfactory. Rock appears at Sonyea station and half a mile east, on the 600 feet contour, and in the 2% miles of the creek canyon south of Sonyea. Rock also appears north and south of Tuscarora, but* probably leaves a channel a mile wide? 3 1See footnote on page 53. Rs 2Mr. Charles Haggardorn of Tuscarora, who has bored many wells in the Nunda district, “nforms the writer that borings at. Nunda were in the drift to depth of 103, 97 and 73 feet. A mile east of Nunda Junction wells go to depths of 80 and 100 feet without reaching rock; and in Tuscarora the drift is not less than 100 feet deep. ; en PEBLSTOCENE HISTORY: OF DHE GHNESER, VALLEY 5 The junction of the Genesee and Dansville valleys is not so clear and satisfactory as we might expect. The rock exposures restrict the valley width and the Genesee is made apparently a tributary to the Dansville river. But this seems to be the only possible outlet. It is probable that the preglacial Genesee river with its full leagth had not been in its acquired channel a great period of time, or in other words was not a very ancient stream. ‘The river had been produced by the diversion or capture or union of different minor streams, and had only in later time become adjusted to the course in which the glacier found it. The Dansville river was probably the older stream, though possibly smaller in volume. Before the ice sheet interfered with it the Dansville river probably collected the drainage from a large territory on the east of Dansville and south of the western members of the Finger lakes, including the -upper Cohocton valley. Some of this drainage was inherited from the earliest time, and probably the valley had become mature while the Genesee was young. The glacial drift cuts off the former upper waters and sends them over southward by the Cohocton river, so that the Dansville stream is today only the Canaseraga creek. The greater maturity of the Dansville-Avon valley was noted by Dr Grabau. It must be noted that the present floor of the Dansville-Avon valley is not the bottom of the old river valley, but only the top of the deep filling left by the glacier and the glacial lakes, with some contribution by the present streams. Glacial waters and canyon cutting The initiation of the postglacial canyons and the history of their cutting is intimately tied in with the glacial lakes held in the valley. The various benches along the new channels of the river and the many terraces and plateaus of sand and gravel can not be under- stood without a knowledge of the lake history of the valley. And this drainage history of the Genesee valley is one of the most re- markable and dramatic stories in geologic literature. During the long time, to be counted as many thousands of years, while the south edge of the ice sheet was slowly receding or backing away, from south to north, across New York State, the waters over the Genesee area were held up to high levels, being forced to overflow east or west. In the successive lowering of the waters by the opening of more northward outlets at least seven great river systems have received (and some of them more than once) the contribution of Genesee waters. In order of time these are as follows: (1) Pine creek-Susquehanna. (2) Allegheny-Ohio- 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mississippi. (3) Canisteo-Chemung-Susquehanna. (4) Glacial lakes Warren and Chicago to Mississippi. (5) Mohawk-Hudson (6) Gilbert gulf (sea level waters in Ontario basin). (7) St Lawrence. In the present knowledge of the glacial and postglacial history of the Genesee drainage the writer recognizes at least 17 distinct stages or episodes. The first three stages involve only the upper (southern) part of the valley, the Portage district being then under the glacier. The Portage-Mount Morris region is involved in the history of stages 4 to 13. The subsequent stages concern only the valley north of Mount Morris. The history will be given very con- cisely in its relation to the district under present study. Stage 4. Belfast-Fillmore lake.1 Outlet was at Cuba, to the Allegheny-Ohio-Mississippi. Present altitude of outlet 1496 feet. Present altitude of the lake plain on the Portage parallel about 1530 TECe: During this stage the ice front receded as far as Portage, and lingering there deposited the Portage moraine which blocks the old valley in that district. South of Portage the valley was occupied by the lake which has left conspicuous evidences of its presence in the many water-leveled plains and terraces in the upper valley, with deltas at the mouths of side streams, having elevations of 1500 feet and upward. Stage 5. Portage-Nunda lake. Outlet was by the Dalton-Swains rock gorge to the Canisteo-Chemung-Susquehanna. Altitude of the channel head, at Rosses, 1320 feet. This stage endured while the ice front receded from Portage, Hunts and Dalton to Union Corners and Tuscarora, or through about 5 miles of meridional distance. However, the time involved was sufficient to allow the escaping waters to cut the steep rock bluffs south of Hunts and southeast of Dalton and the splendid rock gorge leading through Rosses and Swains to Canaseraga. As an example of an abandoned glacial river channel these features are unusually fine. During this stage the Portage district was submerged in the lake waters which by their leveling action produced the level stretches and terraces of sand and gravel at and east of Portage with eleva- tion from 1300 to 1325 feet. The plain at the Erie Railroad viaduct, 1325 feet, belongs in this category. The erosion plane of this lake extends up the valley to Belfast, and being lower and nearer the - 1 A fuller description of these early stages is printed in Geol. Soc. Am. Bul. 7:436-43. PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY IG middle of the valley they are the most conspicuous levels visible from the railroad between Portageville and Belfast. Stage 6. Dansville lake. Outlet was at Burns past Arkport and Hornell to the Canisteo-Chemung-Susquehanna. Present altitude of the head of channel about 1210 feet. Present altitude of the lake plane at Portage about 1230 feet. The first cutting by the waters as they fell below the fifth stage level is to be seen on the north point of the high ground in West Sparta and about one mile southeast of Union Corners. Here was the critical locality where the Portage lake waters first escaped be- tween the receding ice wall on the north and the land slope on the south. The notching on the nose of the hill is evident, though not very conspicuous, at about 1300 feet and downward. ‘When the waters came to a standstill as the Dansville lake, they produced the smoothing, leveling and shoreline work that is plainly seen at about 1200 feet around the nose of the hill. This sixth stage lasted until the ice receded so as to uncover ground below i210 feet in the vicinity of Linden and Attica, south of Batavia. As this new escape is on a meridian so far away from the Burns outlet no estimate of the duration of the waters can be made based on distance of the ice front retreat. Undoubted terraces of this level may be seen about Glen Iris at 1240 and higher; on the delta of Wolf creek at 1220 to 1240; and a plateau east of Bishop Corners and east of the river at 1230. Portageville morainal lake. With the fall of the glacial waters below the Portage terraces, about 1320 feet, a local lake was left in the valley above Portage, being hell up by the drift barrier. This water we have called the Portageville morainal lake. It was con- temporanecus with the sixth stage of the glacial waters (lying north- ward), which from this time touch only the areas on the north. It will now be seen that the gorge cutting at Portage began only with the overficw of the Portageville morainal lake, and that the glacial Dansville waters had no relation to the gorge except as pos- sibly determining the base level for the stream and as the receiving body for the detritus. The initiation of the gorge cutting probably began at about 1320 feet, as it seems likely that the viaduct plain originally extended entirely across the valley. The top of the rock at the head of the canyon is at about 1240 to 1250 feet. It will also be seen that the Portage river, draining the morainal lake, could not cut its channel lower than about 1230 feet during the life of the Dansville glacial waters, or only some Io or 20 feet into 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the rock. The stream detritus was dropped immediately northward in the Dansville water, to be largely picked up in later stages of the lowering waters and transported farther north. The numerous lower terraces in the valley from Portageville up as far as Caneadea, and ranging from 1270 down to 1160, belong to the morainal lake. | Stage 7. Mount Morris-Geneseo lake. Outlets were by a series of channels on the meridian of Batavia and lying between Linden and East Bethany. The flow was west, across the Oatka and Tonawanda valleys to the great glacial lake Warren, with ultimate escape by Chicago to the Mississippi. The elevation of the outlet channels declines from 1200 to: 1000 feet. The former stages were comparatively steady levels of the waters, with only slow lowering as a permanent outlet was downcut. But this stage, and subsequent stages, comprise a series of falling water- levels as the receding ice front opened lower and lower passes on the north-facing slopes. The several terraces north of the lower falls, with elevations of T1180, 1140 and 1090, may be correlated with these seventh stage waters. They represent remnants of the deltas built in the Mount Morris-Geneso lake by the river while it was cutting the Portage canyon. Stage 8. Lake Hall. Outlets were between East Bethany and Batavia with elevations from 1000 down to goo feet, the waters escaping to Lake Warren the same as in stage 7. So far as direction of escape is concerned this stage is only a continuation of the stage 7, the outlet channels forming a con- tinuous series [see N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 106, pl. 6]. It is madea separate stage because the Genesee glacial waters are now blended with the glacial waters of central New York. This stage is the successor in the central part of the State to the glacial lake New- berry, which had its outlet south by Horseheads and Elmira to the Susquehanna. This body of water is named after James Hall. The water-leveled areas which correlate with this stage are the terraces east of Bishop Corners, at 940, 900 and 860 feet; and the extensive delta plain at Nunda, declining from 940 to 860 feet. Also the broad summit plateau at goo feet at the top of the Mount Morris canyon, the “ High Banks.” Stage 9. Lake Vanuxem. Outlets were at Syracuse to the Mohawk-Hudson, at elevation of 900 feet and declining. PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY 79 While the ice was resting against the salient at Batavia it receded from the hiils south and west of Syracuse permitting the impounded glacial waters to escape eastward, a direction of outflow contrary to the former stage. The waters are named for Lardner Vanuxem, whose district in the early Geological Survey of New York com- prised the central portion of the State. - The higher terraces on the delta either side of the canyon at Meunt Morris, at 840, 800 and 740, may have been made during this stage; also the deposits about the mouth of the Keshequa, and the lower terraces east of Bishop Corners, at 825 and 750. St Helena-Gibsonville morainal lake. When the waters fell below goo feet on the Mount Morris parallel the valley above the “High Banks” was left holding a local lake, which we name as given above. In preglacial time this valley probably opened to the south [see p. 73] as the walls at the north are rock. The lake may be called morainal, however, since the south end was blocked by the Portage moraine. The St Helena-Gibsonville morainal lake (or St Helena lake for brevity) was contemporaneous with the Lake Vanuxem and later waters. The initial height of the lake is definitely shown by the broad gravel plain, coinciding with the top of the rock, at the “ High Banks” at goo feet; and the extensive delta plateau opposite the Silver lake outlet also at 900 feet. All terraces in the St Helena Valley below goo feet must belong to the local lake and correlate with the downcutting of the Mount Morris canyon. - As the crest of the lower Portage falls is only 850 feet in altitude they could not have been initiated until the “ High Banks” outlet and St. Helena lake was lowered to that level. _ Tuscarora morainal lake. With the falling of the waters in the Dansville valley below 800 feet a local morainal lake was left in the lower or northern part of the Nunda valley, due to the drift blockade south of Sonyea. This local water did not reach as far as Nunda but covered the site of Tuscarora. The point of lowest escape was north of the moraine, and north of the ancient valley. Falling on the rock the outlet was compelled to cut the shallow canyon, about 100 feet deep, southwest of Sonyea now occupied by the Keshequa creek and utilized by the railroad. During stages.9 io 12 the cutting must have proceeded, but with interruptions as the base level waters in the Dansville valley changed their level. : 80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Stage 10. Avon lake. Outlets were at Honeoye Falls, Rush and Mendon, at 700 down to 580 feet, eastward to the Mohawk-Hudson, Following the Vanuxem stage the ice at Syracuse receded so as to allow free river-flow through the site of that city and there was — no extensive lake then held in central New York. But in the Genesee Valley the ice lay so far to the south that a local lake was held in the valley with its levels determined by the outlets noted above. The highest of these channels lies 2 miles west of Honeoye Falls and the lowest is the excellent abandoned channel followed by the Lehigh Valiey Railroad through Rush to Mendon, at 580 feet. This Avon lake flooded the Dansville valley. Stage 11. Second Lake Vanuxem. The relationship of phe- nomena in the Genesee and Batavia region theoretically requires a readvance of the ice at Syracuse and the restoration of the glacial Lake Vanuxem.? It is not determined to what height the second Vanuxem rose, but it may have reached an altitude approaching 840 feet on the Mount Morris parallel. While this water lay over the Genesee region the ice backed away from the Batavia salient sufficient to allow Lake Warren to spread in from the west, and we have Stage 12: Stage 12. Lake Warren. Outlet was across the State of Michi- gan into the glacial lake Chicago and out to the Mississippi. Alti- tudes of the Warren beaches are generally about 880 feet in central New York, but on the Mount Morris parallel the plane is about 840 feet. Stage 13. Lake Dana. Outlet was eastward toward the Mohawk-Hudson, at elevation about 700 feet, or about 660 feet on the Mount Morris parallel. | Lake Dana was only the longest of the pauses in the lowering of the Warren waters toward the Iroquois level. It is one phase of the Hyper-Iroquois waters. The filling of the Genesee valley from Dansville to Scottsville with lake silts and smoothing them to the present form has been a process in activity since the sixth stage, and is now carried on by the present streams. ——. 1 The discussion of the glacial lake history of central New York and description “of he drainage channels and lake phenomena will be found in a forthcoming bulletin of the State Museum. PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY SI Later stages Other stages now recognized are those of the Scottsville lake; ‘Lake Iroquois; Gilbert gulf (sea level waters) ; and Lake Ontario. As water planes they lie inferior to the valley bottom at Mount Morris and therefore do not properly appear in this connection. Epitome of the history Stage 4 Belfast-Fillmore lake. Outlet at Cuba; 1496 feet. Port- age moraine formed. Stage 5 Portage-Nunda lake. Outlet at Swains; 1320 feet. Erie | viaduct terraces formed. Stage 6 Dansville lake. Outlet at Burns; 1210 feet. Portage- ville morainal lake and beginning of the Portage canyon. Delta terraces at Glen Iris and mouth of Wolf creek. Stage 7 Mount Morris-Geneseo lake. Outlets at Linden-Beth- any; 1200-1000 feet. Delta terraces about the lower falls. Btaze 96 ake Hall. Outlets at Batavia;.1000-g00 feet. Ter- races east of Bishop Corners; Nunda plain. Stage g Lake Vanuxem. Outlets at Syracuse; 900 and declin- ing. St Helena-Gibsonville morainal lake and _ be- ginning of the “ High Banks” canyon. Tuscarora morainal lake and beginning of the Sonyea ravine. Upper terraces on Mount Morris delta. Stage 10 Avon lake. Outlets at Honeoye Falls-Rush; 700-580 feet. Filling in Dansville-Avon valley. Stage 11 Second Lake Vanuxem. Outlets at Syracuse; 700 feet and rising. Stage 12 Lake Warren. Outlet via Chicago to Mississippi; about 840 feet on the Mount Morris parallel. Stage 13. Lake Dana. Outlet toward the Mohawk-Hudson; about 660 feet on the Mount Morris parallel. Canyons and cataracts The Portage canyon was cut by the outflow of the morainal lake held in the valley above Portageville, the earlier flow being into the glacial waters of stages 6-8, described above, and the later flow into the St Helena morainal lake. The ravine and cataracts were not produced by free and uninter- rupted flow of the river, with deepening of the whole ravine from 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM north to south, or upstream. The cutting of the canyon progressed downward from the top and from south to north. The upper cataract was established first and independently before the lower or deeper portion of the canyon had any existence. The down cutting of the canyon proceeded only as the receiving waters (stages 6-8) were lowered. ‘The quantitative or progressive relationship of the two factors is uncertain, but it is quite possible that the glacial waters were so long-lived that the canyon cutting kept pace with or were even limited by the falling baselevel waters. This relation of river and lakes explains the existence of three cataracts instead of only one, as would probably have been the case if the river could have fallen freely through the whole distance from Portageville to St Helena and the canyon cutting could have pro- gressed normally and without vertical limitation. In rocks of variable hardness or resistance a stream might alone develop multiple cataracts, but the variation of the strata in the Portage section is not sufficient to cause three cataracts with the spacing that now exists. When the Portageville morainal lake came into independent ex- istence by the fall of the broader glacial waters below the level of the Erie Railroad viaduct plain, stream outflow began, probably at about the position of the railroad viaduct. The fall of the stream, how- ever, was limited by the level of the receiving waters, and during the long iife of the Dansville and Mount Morris-Geneseo lakes (stages 6 and 7) the river work was restricted to the higher part of the canyon. The lower part of the canyon, including the middle and lower contracts, did not then exist, being covered and pro- tected by the lake waters. The upper and south cataract was in- dependentiy initiated and established, and probably receded some distance, before the lower and northern part of the gorge had any existence. Eventually the falling of the glacial waters through the stages 6 and 7 brought the river into play in the horizon of the middle cataract. As the crest of the third and youngest cataract is only about 850 feet elevation it is below the top of the High Banks canyon at Mount Morris, and it is therefore evident that the lowest part of the Portage canyon and the lowest cataract came into existence only as the High Banks was cut. On account of the changes which have been produced subsequent to the initiation of the cataracts and the withdrawl of the glacial PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE GENESEE VALLEY 83 waters it is not possible to correlate with precision the production of the cataracts and the limiting lake waters. ‘The upper cataract correlates with the Mount Morris-Geneseo lake, though the begin- ning of the canyon was during the life of the Dansville lake. The middle cataract, with a crest altitude of 1005 feet, seems to belong with the Lake Hall stage. The lower cataract correlates with Lake Vanuxem and later stages. The initiation of the Portage canyon Was an interrupted process, covering a varied lake history and a long period of time. The Mount Morris or High Banks canyon is in shales of such weakness and uniformity that probably no large cataract was ever produced. ‘The river rapidly removed all obstructions to its flow and acquired a uniform or graded slope. The initiation of the gorge was probably during the closing phase of Lake Hall, and the gorge may have been entirely cut during the life of the first Lake Va- nuxem and the Avon lake. The gorge was cut from the top down- ward, and probably the erosion kept pace with the fall of the waters in the Dansville valley. If the strata were as hard as the Portage rocks probably cataracts would occur here also. The history of the Rochester canyon is similar to that of the Portage. The upper cataract was established during the life of Lake Iroquois, the plane of which was nearly 200 feet above that of Lake Ontario. With the falling away of the Iroquois waters the lower and northern part of the gorge, with the middle and lower cataracts, came into existence. Deformation of the lake planes In making close correlation of the lake phenomena and drainage it is necessary to take into the account the warping or tilting of the land which has occurred since the glacial time, and the conse- quent rise to northward which has been given to all the planes of the ancient lakes. The amount of deformation of the Portage-Mount Morris district is not known with precision but probably it is not fat trom, 2) feet per mile, The difference in the height of the correlating features according to latitude has not been regarded in the above description, except ina few cases. The figures used in the description are the altitudes which the features have as they stand today. In order to find the Comelaune planes tor localities on durerent latitude 2 feet per mile should be added for northing or substracting for southing.1 1 Some discussion of the matter of deformation of the lake planes is given in N. Y State Mus. Bul. 106, p. 76-79. 84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM For close correlation of the lake-level features some allowance should be made for the depth of water in the outlet channel, and for the down cutting of the outlet during the life of the lake. Detrital filling of the valleys All the ancient valleys have been so filled with glacial drift and lake sediments that in the absence of borings the grade slopes of the streams can not be determined. The localities of diverted drain- age have been blocked by morainal drift, while the more open stretches of the valleys are more or less filled with stream detritus and Jake silts, which may overlie glacial deposits. The old valley above Portage has been’ considerably filled with glacial rubbish and later by lake sediments during the lacustrine stages 4 and 5. The St Helena valley was largely filled with delta stuff during the stages 6 to 8, and during the life of the St Helena-Gibsonville mor- ainal lake. With the cutting down of the “ High Banks ” it has been reexcavated. Any flooding during the stages 11 to 13 that over- topped the outlet stream must have produced deposition with sub- sequent reexcavation. The Nunda valley was subject to lake deposition during the stages 6 tog, and: stages 17 yaad The old and broad valley from Dansville to Avon has evidently been subject to lake filling during all the stages from 6 to 13, and stream aggradation is still active. INDigx Acanthodus pristis, 59. Ambocoelia, 60. umbonata, 68. American Bluestone Co., 61. Atrypa aspera, 68. Aulopora, 62. annectens, 51, 54. Avon lake, 80, 81. Bactrites aciculum, 50, 52, 54, 60. Belfast quadrangle, 68. Belfast-Fillmore lake, 76, 81. Bibliography, 44-45. Bluestone, rock exposures at, 65. Bluestone quarries, 61. Buchiola lupina, 61. Fetsosttiata, 51, 52, 54, 59, 61, 66. speciosa, 57. Buck run ravine, 53, 55, 56, 57. Byersville, reck exposures near, 59, 62. Camarotoechia sp., 68. Wanaseraea valley, 55, 57,59. Caneadea creek, 68. Canyons, 81-83. Cashaqua creek, 55, 56, 57, 59. Cashaqua shale, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53- 55, 65. Castile, rock exposures near, 62. ataracts, S163. Catlin, rock exposures at, 67. Chemung fauna, 62. Chemung group, 66-68. Chemung sandstones and _ shales, 46, 48. Chonetes, 60. Cladochonus, 61. Clarke, John M., cited, 45, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 64. | Classification, 46-47. Crinoid stems, 62. Dalton, rock exposures near, 65. Dana, Lake, 80, 81. Dansville and Genesee junction of, 75. Dansville lake, 77, 81. Detrital filling of the valleys, 84. Dip, 68-69. valleys, East Koy creek, 67. Entomis serratostriata, 60. variostriata, 60. Erie, Lake, 54, 55, 62. Erin, rock exposures at, 67. Euthydesma subtextile, 61. Fairchild, Herman L., Pleistocene History of the Genesee Valley in the Portage District, 70-84. Fall brook ravimer 40; 50,51, 52, 50. Fillmore, rock exposures near, 65. Flume, 60. Formations, description of, 47-69. Fucoides graphica, 57, 61. verticalis, 46, 61, 62. Gardeau flags and shale, 47, 48, 58- 615.62) Gardeau Flats, 56, 57. Gardeau group, 46, 55. Genesee Falls, 47. Genesee river gorge, 47, 61; diver- SIONS e717 5. Genesee shale, 46, 48-50, 68. Genesee valley, 65; in the Portage district, pleistocene history, by Herman L. Fairchild, 70-84; junction with Dansville valley, 75. 86 Genesee Valley Bluestone Co., 61. Geneseo, rock exposures at, 49, 50, Sik Genundewa limestone, 48, 49, 50- Si Gephyroceras genundewa, 51. Gibson’s glen, rock exposures at, 59, 60. Gibsonville, rock exposures at, 55, 50,- 57. Gilbert gulf, 81. Glacial waters and canyon cutting, 75-80. Gorham, rock exposures at, 50. Grabau, cited, 73. Greigsville, rock exposures near, eT Grimes sandstone, 48, 57-58. Griswold, rock exposures at, 5I. Groveland station, rock exposures Meaty oe Ones o SO: Haggardorn, Charles, cited, 74. Elall,) James» tented.) Ante AO. AG. 40; 50, 63-64, 65, 67. Elall; Bake: 276s ole Hatch flags and shale, 48, 56-57. High Banks, rock exposures at, 54, 56. High Banks canyon, 83. High Point sandstone, 62, 63. Hogsback, 53, 55, 50. Honeoyea desmata, 61. erinacea, €0. major, 54, OI. styliophila, 51. Horsford, Eben N., cited, 45. Hunt, rock exposures near, 65. Hyolithus neapolis, 66. Irondequoit valley, 72. Iroquois, Lake, 81. Ithaca beds, 57. Lake planes, deformation, 83-84. Lamont, rock exposures near, 67. Leptostrophia, 60. Letchworth, William Pryor, 44. a NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Letchworth Park, 44. Lignites, 61. Lingula ligea, 52; 54) 56,. 6b. cf. melie, 68. Spatilatas 50, 52: Liorhynchus multicosta, 68. quadricostatus, 50. Little Beards creek, 4o. Livingston county, 51. Long Beards Riffs sandstone, 65, 67. Lower black band, 53. Lower Fucoidal group, 46. Lower Portage fall, 60. Loxonema multiphcatum, 60. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acuti- rostrum, 54. bickense, 60. (Pinnopsis) ornatum, 54. (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense, 66. Luther, D.D., cited, 45, 50, 52, 64; 65. Manticoceras intumescens zone, 5I. oxy, 60, 62, 66. pattersoni, 54, 57, €o. var. styliophilum, 51. rhynchostoma, 60, 62, 66. Marsh, O. C., mentioned, 45. Melocrinus clarkei, 51, 54. Middlesex shale, 48, 52-53. Mill’s Mills, rock exposures at, 67. Moscow, rock exposures at, 49, 50, BI 52. Moscow shales, 68. Mount Morris, rock exposures at, 48, 49, 50, 53, 56, 57. Mount Morris canyon, 83. Mount Morris-Geneseo lake, 78, 81. Murder creek, 51. Naples, rock exposures at, 55, 57; 58. Naples fauna, 51, 57. Naples valley, 57. North Evans, rock exposures at, 53- NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Nunda, rock exposures at, 60, 62, 65. Nunda group, 46; name, 47. Nunda sandstone, 47, 48, 61-64. Nunda valley, 50, 74. introduction of Oatka creek valley, 50, 65, 73. Ontario accincta, 54. clarkei, 61. suborbicularis, 54, 57, 61. Ontario county, 51. Ontario depression, 70. Ontario, Lake, 81. Orbiculoidea sf., 62. alleghania, 68. lodensis, 50, 52. cf. media, 68. Orthoceras sp., 66. filosum, 54. ontario, 54. Pacatot, 54, 57, 60. Palaeoneilo petila, 54. Palaeotrochus praecursor, 57, 60. Paleoniscus devonicus, 56. Paracardium doris, 54, 61, 66. Parrish limestone, 54. Penn Yan, rock exposures at, 53. Perry, rock exposures near, 58. Phragmostoma natator, 5I, 54, 57, 60. Pike, rock exposures near, 67. Pike creek, 52, 53. Pinnopsis see Lunulicardium. Pleistocene history of the Genesee valley in the Portage district, by Herman L. Fairchild, 70-84. Pleurotomaria sp., 66. rugulata, 50, 52. Polygnathus dubius, 56. Portage canyon, 81. Portage group, 46, 57, 63; first use- as a group term, 46; use of term, 47. Portage-Mount Morris district, 73- 75: Portage-Nunda lake, 76-77, 81. NY fn eee 87 Portage shales and sandstones, 46, 47. Portageville, rock exposures at, 61, 625765: Portageville Bluestone Co., 61. Portageville morainal lake, 77-78. Posidonia attica, 61. Powell, Maj. John W., mentioned, 45. Prioniodus erraticus, 56. spicatus, 56. Pristacanthus vetustus, 56. Probeloceras lutheri, 50, 54, 57. Productella hirsuta, 68. lachrymosa, 68. speciosa, 68. Pterochaenia cashaqua, 54. Pro ttSs) SOs Glew aac ae: Oils Quarry hill, rock exposures at, 60, 62. Relyea creek, 62, 65. Rhinestreet black shale, 48, 54, 55- 50. Rochester district, 72-73, 83. Rock Glen, rock exposures at, 62. St Helena bridge, 56, 57. St Helena creek, 73: St Helena Flats, 56. St Helena-Gibsonville morainal lake, 79: Scottsville lake, 81. Seneca county, 53. Seneca lake, 53. Silver lake outlet, 57, 58. Smoky Hollow, rock exposures near, 54, 58. Sonyea, rock exposures near, 53, 55, 56. South Warsaw, rock exposures near, 59. Spathiocaris emersoni, 56. Spirifer disjunctus, 63, 66, 68. mesacostalis, 68. Springwater valley, 57. Standish shale, 52. Steuben county, 65. 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM - Stony creek, 50, 62, 65. Styliola band, 50. Styliolina fissurella, 50, .51, 60. Table: cock, 47456..-50: 00: Tompkins county, 57. Tornoceras uniangulare, 51; 54, 60. Tuscarora, Tock -expostires “at. 56; 57- Tuscarora morainal lake, 79. Upper black shale, 48, 49. Upper falls, 58. Upper Fucoidal group, 46. Upper Genesee beds, 49. Vanuxem, Lake, 78-70, 81; second, 8o, 81. Veteran, rock exposures at, 67. Warren, Lake, 80, 81. | Warsaw, rock exposures near, 62, 65. Warsaw Bluestone Co., 61. Warsaw valley, 50. Warsaw-Wyoming valley, 73. West River shale, 48, 51-52. West Sparta, rock exposures near, 57, 58, 59. Wildcat gully, 50, 62. Williams, H. S., cited; 45. Wiscoy, rock exposures at, 64, 65, 68. Wiscoy falls, 65, 67. Wiscoy shales and sands, 48, 64- 66. Wolf creek, 56, 57, 58, 62. Yates county, 52, 53. Zaphrentis sp., 66. Appendix 3 Entomology 27, 28 Museum bulletins tog, t10 27 Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle 28 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906 Published monthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 397 MARCH 1907 New York State Museum Joun M. CrarKke, Director EPHRAIM PorRTER FELT, State Entomologist 3 Bulletin 109 - ENTOMOLOGY 27 WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND ELM LEAP BEETLE BY EPARAIM, PORTER FELT DSc. PAGE PAGE WaWERO MECN. 0... os alg ecnane Spr ie ett Meals e@etlemer tes. Le wy Stak Waneememariced tuscotk moth... 6 ood \olantswye- maar t IO te Distrilmbioneon ss eo 4st. oe IO ESE Ot es 7 DeSeri pilot Vee. yt eS TO Life history and habits...... ji ETRE RNIN UOlgys are. ee ewe une 12 oe@mimmlamise. 00s ke 8 Natural enemies yo.) 22045, 13 Natoralenemies.............. 8 ent eet ae RA ~ Explanation of plates... 0.7022. 15 ISi2 2/2 Chi 26) 2 ee Bis ee lercle xe ee are: CAB cu a ai Moat 24 New York State Education Department Science Division, October 31, 1906 flon. Andrew S. Draper LL. D. Commissioner of Lducation My pEAR sir: I communicate herewith for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum a paper of immediate importance by the State Entomologist, entitled the White Marked Tussock Moth and Lilm Leaf Beetle. Very respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication, November 3, 1906 Wyeast Commissioner of Education } ee bg eS ko wg EP Rpt i i ee aa at pl fax New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. CrarkeE, Director EPHRAIM PorRTER FELT, State Entomologist Bulletin 109 ENTOMOLOGY 27 WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND PEM CEA BEETLE BY EPHRAIM PORTER FELT. D. Se. These two insects must be ranked among the most important leaf feeders affecting the shade trees of cities and villages in New York State. They were responsible during the season of 1906 for wide- spread injury to thousands of trees, and the experience of earlier years shows that we must reckon with these species if we would preserve the beauty of our trees. Both of these pests, despite their destructiveness, are controlled with relative ease. The tussock moth can be readily suppressed in at least two ways, while the elm leaf beetle succumbs quickly to timely applications of arsenical poisons. Experience in the past has demonstrated beyond all question the practicability of checking both of these leaf feeders by spraying, an operation which is not very costly if moderm apparatus be employed. We are forced to conclude therefore that extensive injury by either of these pests must be attributed to indifference or culpable neglect rather than inability, despite the fact that many appear very eager to take up the warfare at a time when the ravages are most apparent and unfortunately when repressive measures can be employed to very little advantage. There is a tendency on the part of many private individuals to attribute their woes to the neglect of adjacent shade trees on public 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM streets, and conversely municipal authorities are prone to state that injury to public trees is due to the pests swarming thereto from neglected private grounds. The facts of the case are that both of these insects are very local in habit. ‘This is a necessity in the case of the tussock moth, because the female is wingless and as a conse- quence the species relies for dissemination on the very limited crawling powers of the caterpillar or upon their being carried by other agencies. The elm leaf beetle, on the contrary, flies readily, but for some reason or other it is very local in its habits and not infrequently one may see magnificent trees infested with hordes of beetles and larvae, while within a block, sometimes within 50 feet, other elms may be practically free from the pest. These facts are of greatest importance to all interested in the welfare of shade trees, since they demonstrate beyond question the possibility of protecting the trees on our public streets, irrespective of what is done by private citizens, or conversely, the practicability of keeping the pest in check on private grounds, even though little or no repressive work is doné upon those adjacent. White marked tussock moth Flemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm. This insect, preeminently a pest on city and village trees, occa- sionally proves a veritable scourge over considerable areas. Some cities appear to be more afflicted in this way than others. Buffalo seems to have been specially unfortunate in the last six or seven years. The summer of 1906 was marked by extensive depredations in a number of cities and villages throughout the State, thus dupli- cating the experience of 1898. It will therefore be seen that serious injuries by this caterpillar are more or less periodic. ‘This is to be explained by the fact that the species has a number of natural enemies which assist materially in keeping it in subjection. The destructive outbreaks are examples of what might occur annually were there no parasites to check the work of this voracious leaf feeder. The cause of this native species thriving so greatly in cities — and villages during recent years is explained by the abundance of the English sparrow. This bird will not eat the caterpillars and drives away many of the native forms which, in earlier days, were of great service in devouring these hairy pests. WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND ELM LEAF BEETLE 7 Description. The full grown caterpillar is really a beautiful object. It has a coral red head, a pair of long, black plumes just over it, a single one at the opposite extremity of the body, four deli- cate yellowish or white, brushlike tufts on its back and just behind them, separated only by a segment, two small retractile red eleva- tions. There is a broad, black band broken only by tubercles and tufts along the back and bordered by yellowish stripes. Each side is dark gray except for the- yellowish tubercles. The breathing tubes or spiracles are in a black line and below this the caterpillar is yellow, the legs usually being paler [pl. 1, fig. 4]. The very young caterpillar is pale yellowish or whitish with long, irregular hairs. It increases in size, casts its skin from time to time and assumes one after another the characteristics of the full grown larva. The thin cocoons spun in the crevices of the bark [pl. 1, fig. 6] have the long hairs of the caterpillar interwoven and within this shelter the larva transforms to a yellowish white pupa more or less shaded with dark brown or black [pl. 1, fig. 7]. The sexes differ strikingly as is shown on plate 1, figures 1 and 2. The male is a beautiful moth with large feathery antennae, tufted legs, and with the wings and body delicately marked with several shades of gray or grayish white. The female, on the other hand, is a nearly uniform gray with simple antennae and but rudimentary wings. The eggs, usually over 300, are deposited on the empty cocoon, under a conspicuous white mass of frothy matter about % inch in iiemetcr (pl 1, fig. 3]. This soon hatdens and. forms--a very effective protection. The egg masses [pl. 4,5] are easily removed and a tree thoroughly cleared thereof can become infested again only by caterpillars crawling from adjacent trees or being carried thereto. The individual egg is nearly spheric, about %%, inch in diameter, white or yellowish white and with a light brown spot surrounded by a ring of the same color. Life history and habits. This insect winters in the conspicuous egg masses described above, the young appearing about the latter part of May in this latitude. They feed at first on the more tender lower epidermis of the leaf and soon devour all but the principal veins. The caterpillars while young frequently hang by a silken thread and continued jarring may cause many to drop to the ground. Feeding and growth occupy :a month or more, pupation occurring 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the latter -part of June or early im July: Where is seme deviation from this, as a few individuals spin up early and some caterpillars linger till numerous egg clusters indicate that most of the insects have’ completed the round of life. The pupal stage occupies from to to15 days. The wingless female appears at the end of this period, - crawls on her cocoon and shortly deposits eggs as described. There is normally but one annual generation in Albany and other inland cities, while in New York city and vicinity and in Boston, Mass. there are two broods and at Washington, D. C. there are three generations each year as stated by Dr Howard. A peculiar habit, first recorded by the late Dr Lintner and subse- quently observed by us, is the girdling of the elm twigs*by larvae of this insect. This is caused by their eating. a portion of thessane around the twig near the beginning of the season’s growth [pl. 1, fig. 8]. The affected tips soon die, break off and fall in numbers to the ground. The young caterpillars drop from the tree readily, sus- pend themselves by silken threads and then may be blown or carried considerable distances. The full grown caterpillars desert the trees and wander considerably. This is particularly true of the larger ones which almost invariably produce female moths. The cocoons are spun very generally on the trunks or on the underside of the larger branches. Food plants. This leaf feeder exhibits a marked preference in cities for the linden and horse-chestnut, while it feeds readily on elms and maples. It has also been recorded on a number of other trees. Natural enemies. This species has a number of natural enemies. Its comparative rarity in the country shows that our native birds must be very efficient natural checks upon this insect. Mr E. H. Forbush states that 47 species of native birds feed on hairy cater- pillars, most of which would probably take this leaf feeder. The robin, Baltimore oriole and cuckoo are among the more valuable in this respect. Parasitic insects are also very efficient checks. ‘This species 1s subject to attack by some 21 primary parasites and these in turn may become the prey of 14 hyperparasites. Remedies. A simple and very satisfactory method of controlling this insect is the gathering and destroying of egg masses. Several cities and villages in New York State have employed children in this mee Ne ire ele geek a WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND ELM LEAF BEETLE 9 work by offering a small bounty and a system of prizes. The result: has been that a large number of egg masses were secured and destroyed at a comparatively slight cost. The defect in this method is that it is more or less irregular in operation and is usually resorted to only after serious injury to the trees has aroused public opinion. There is no doubt as to the effectiveness of collecting egg masses and in-not a few instances it may prove the cheapest method of keep- ing this pest in cheek. It would seem better for the welfare of the trees to make some provision for the systematic collection of egg masses from year to year from all the trees, even though the cost be somewhat greater. The collection of egg masses should be supplemented, if uncleaned trees are in the vicinity, by banding the trunks at the time the cater- pulars begin to crawl, with some material which will prevent the ascent of straggling larvae. A very simple method is to take a band of cotton batting some 6 or 8 inches wide, wrap it around the tree, tie a string about its middle and then turn the upper edge down over the string. Tree tanglefoot, a preparation made by the same com- pany that manufactures tanglefoot fly paper, has been used very extensively on trees about Boston. It is very adhesive, remains sticky for a considerable time and does not injure the bark of older trees at least. The tussock moth caterpillar succumbs readily to arsenical poisons and where the trees are infested or are likely to be attacked by more than one leaf feeder, as is true in the Hudson valley, spraying is perhaps the best method of protecting the trees. One of the best poisons for this purpose, particularly in sections infested by the elm leaf beetle, is the prepared arsenate of lead, a compound specially manufactured for this purpose. It can be applied in almost any quantities without injuring the trees and is far more adhesive than the commonly employed london purple, paris green or other copper arsenites. Elm leaf beetle Galerucella luteola Miill. This destructive beetle, like the white marked tussock moth dis- cussed previously, is a most dangerous enemy to certain shade trees, particularly in cities. It is in all probability responsible for more ruined elms in the Hudson valley than all other destructive agencies combined. It was so exceedingly abundant and injurious from 1896 Io NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM to 1899 in the cities of Albany and Troy as to literally compel some action, or a very large proportion of the elms would have been destroyed. ‘The insect obtained such a start in both of these cities that it was able to destroy or ruin about 1500 elms.in each before the end of rg00. The vigorous measures employed both in Albany and Troy have mitigated the plague very largely and have demonstrated the practicability of keeping the insect in check. The results in both cities are evident to any observer, because instead of a large proportion of the elms having their leaves skeletonized and browned in midsummer, as was the rule in 1896 to 1898, the work of this pest is observed only here and there and is limited to sections where the trees have not been thoroughly sprayed or to localities where neglect is the rule. This was very well shown in the summer of 1906 in both Albany and Troy. The effective work of earlier years had led many to suppose that the elm leaf beetle was becoming less injurious and consequently there was a decided relaxation in the efforts to control this insect. A very large number of trees in both cities suffered severely as a result of this partial cessation in control work. Food plants. This leaf feeder displays a marked preference for the more tender foliage of the English and Scotch elms, though after it has become abundant, it is frequently exceedingly destructive to the American elm. Its operations on this latter tree have been especially severe in the city of Watervliet. Distribution. This pest has now attained an extensive distribu- tion in this country, ranging from north of Salem, Mass. to Char- lotte, N. C. and westward into Ohio and Kentucky. It occurs in most of the cities and villages in the Hudson valley, having made its way north to Glens Falls and along the Mohawk valley at_least to Schenectady. It-has become well established at Elmira and Ithaca, N. Y., and has been known for some years in Oswego, though it does not appear to have been particularly destructive in that city. There is no record known to us of this species occurring in Utica, Syracuse, Rochester or Buffalo, though it is rather surprising that it has not already become established in all of these cities. Description. The skeletonized brown appearance of the foliage in midsummer is very characteristic of the work of this pest, particu- larly in the eastern cities and villages of the State. The irregular, oval holes about inch in diameter, eaten by the beetles in early spring, are another indication of the work of this species. WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND ELM LEAF BEETLE Tee The parent beetle may be recognized by reference to the colored illustration [pl. 2, fig. 5,6]. It is about 4% inch long, with the head, thorax and margin of the wing covers a reddish yellow. The coal- black eyes and median spot of the same color on the head are promi- nent. The thorax is marked with a dorsal black spot of variable shape and with a pair of lateral ovoid ones. The median black line on the wing covers is widely separated from lateral stripes of the same color by greenish yellow. ‘The wing covers are minutely and irregularly punctured, bear a fine pubescence and at the base of each there is an elongated, black spot in the middle of the greenish yellow stripe. These markings are fairly constant in the beetle, though the color is quite variable during life and changes more or less after death. Many of the insects emerging from winter quarters have the yellowish stripes of the wing covers nearly obliterated by black. The orange-yellow eggs [pl. 2, fig. 1] are usually deposited in irregular rows side by side, forming clusters of from 3 to 26 or more on the underside of the leaf. Each egg is somewhat fusiform, attached vertically by its larger end and with the free extremity tapering to a paler rounded point. The recently hatched grub [pl. 2, fig. 2] is about :/. inch long with the head, thoracic shield, numerous tubercles, hairs and legs jet-black. The skin is dark yellow but the tubercles are so large and the hairs so prominent that the prevailing color of the grub at this stage is nearly black. An increase in size, following molts, is accom- panied by the stiff hairs becoming less conspicuous and the yellow more prominent, till the grub becomes full grown [pl. 2, fig. 3]. It is then about % inch long, more flattened than in the earlier stages, with a broad, yellowish stripe down the middle of the back and with a narrower stripe of the same color on each side, these being sepa- rated by broad, dark bands thickly set with tubercles bearing short, dark colored hairs. The dorsal yellow stripe is broken on each side by a subdorsal row of black tubercles which decrease in size pos- teriorly. The lateral yeliow stripe includes a row of prominent tubercles with dark tips bearing hairs of the same color. The under surface is yellowish. The pupa [pl. 2, fig. 4] is a bright orange-yellow, about 1% inch long and with a very convex dorsal surface which bears transverse rows of stout, inconspicuous hairs. 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Life history. The transformations of this insect are so rapid and so greatly influenced by local conditions that 2 man must know what to expect or he will accomplish very little in fighting the pest, because a substance effective against the beetles or grubs may not kill the pupae and, after the larvae have begun to descend, may be of no value. The beetles winter in attics, sheds, outhouses and other shelters. They emerge with the advent of warm weather and may then be found on the walks during the sunny portion of the day or at the windows of houses, trying to escape. The last of April or early in May, with the appearance of the foliage, the beetles fly to the elms and eat irregular holes in the leaves. Some time is occu- pied in feeding before the deposition of eggs, a process which may continue four and possibly five or six weeks. The prolific beetles consume a large amount of foliage during this time, depositing clusters of from 3 to 26 or more eggs every day or two. Over half the total number of eggs may be laid at the hight of the season within about 12 days; in 1898, from June t2 to 23. A female may produce over 600 eggs. The young grubs appear early in June or about five or six days after the eggs have been deposited later in the season. They feed on the under surface of the leaf, producing the familiar skeletoniza- tion [pl. 2, fig. 7] which is caused by their eating the softer under- part, leaving the veins and the upper epidermis practically untouched. The results of their feeding are so marked that it is easy to detect the presence of the grubs by the semitransparent patches in the foliage. These latter soon dry and turn brown. There are two and occasionally three generations of this destruc- tive insect in the latitude of Albany, the number depending to a considerable extent upon the availability of suitable food. The grubs complete their growth in from 15 to 20 days, descending limbs and trunk to a great extent in search of some shelter under which to pupate. Seven days are spent in this latter state in warm July weather, while in September it is extended to 12 and in October to 24 days. The grubs of the first brood usually forsake the trees in Albany by the last of June or early in July, and beetles belonging to the second generation may begin depositing eggs about the middle of July, and from then to late in autumn it is generally possible to find this insect in all stages in some part of Albany. The beetles of the second brood are naturally attracted to fresh foliage and conse- WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH AND ELM LEAF BEETLE 13 quently more eggs are usually deposited on trees which have been defoliated earlier in the season than upon others. Badly infested trees are therefore very likely to lose two crops of leaves in a season and may possibly have their third seriously marred by this pest. The second brood of grubs completes its growth about the middle of August, beetles appearing the latter part of the month, and if there is an abundant supply of fresh leaves, a third generation may appear in considerable numbers. This last brood more frequently occurs in near-by trees which have not been severely injured earlier in the season. . Natural enemies. This leaf feeder is subject to attack by a number of natural enemies, most of which, however, are of compara- tively little importance in keeping it incheck. The common garden toad will devour many beetles, and the much despised English sparrow also feeds upon these insects to some extent. Several predaceous insects prey upon this pest to a certain degree. Remedial measures. The secret in controlling this insect lies in understanding thoroughly its life history and appreciating the vulnerable points. A thorough spraying with an arsenical poison early in the spring, when the beetles begin to feed, is most effective in preventing breeding, as the parent insects are destroyed before they can deposit many eggs. Fortunately the beetles are rather local in habit and as a consequence individual trees or groups of trees may be protected to a very large extent even if there are neg- lected ones in the near vicinity. The local spread of this pest is slow and this should be taken advantage of to the greatest possible extent by keeping the insect in control wherever it occurs, even though the infestation be a small one and the present injury of com- paratively little importance. It is a mistake on the part of local authorities to wait till this enemy of the elms has become well estab- lished and destructive bcfore repressive measures are undertaken. The grubs feed almost exclusively on the under surface of the leaf, rarely occurring upon its upperside. The first injury is usually on the upper more tender leaves, hencc there is great need of spray- ing the tops of the trees, and in order to kill the destructive grubs it is essential that the poison be thrown on the underside of the foliage. Spraying with-an arsenical poison for the destruction of grubs is satisfactory only when the application is early, as it is hardly advis- able to spray for this insect when the grubs are nearly full grown, 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM since they are liable to desert the tree even when slightly underfed and complete their transformations, rather than to eat distasteful foliage. The full grown larvae crawl down the trunks in great numbers and the golden yellow pupae may be found in abundance in crevices in the bark and on the ground about the tree. A great. proportion of the insects can be forced to take refuge on the ground by scrap- ing off the rough bark, thus depriving them of shelters upon the tree. Large numbers can then be killed when assembled about the base of the tree by spraying them with a contact insecticide such as kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap solution or even by pouring boil- ing water on them. The grubs should be destroyed in the manner indicated every five days so long as the pests are seen in numbers, in order to secure the best results. This method of fighting the pest is advisable only when it is impossible to employ the more satisfac- tory arsenical sprays. Bands of tar, sticky fly paper, cotton batting etc., while they do no harm, can not be considered of much value in keeping the elm leaf beetle under control. The relatively few grubs caught on a sticky band are but a drop in the bucket compared with the masses which complete their transformations either above or below. It is worse than useless to attempt to control this or any other insect by boring a hole in the trunk of a tree and inserting therein compounds of any nature. The tree is weakened and unless the chemical be powerful enough to kill it, the insects are not affected. *. ty _ EXPLANATION OF PLATES Ras PLATE 1! from nature by L. H. Joutel. eo : 15 White marked tussock moth Hemerocampa leucostigna Abb. & Sm. Male moth at rest on trunk Female laying eggs upon her cocoon Egg masses on cocoons A full grown caterpillar resting on a twig Cast skins of caterpillars Cocoons massed on trunk Pupa of female within cocoon om nm Bh WwW DN Twigs girdled by caterpillars Twig broken off at point of girdling The foliage shows the effects of this caterpillar’s work. 16 ie) R PLATE | L. H. Joutel, 1906 Rees Uae B. Lyon, State Printe? WHITE MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH . * Ae oe PLATE 21 1 Executed from nature, under the author’s direction, by L. H. Joutel of New York city, and reproduced from the sth Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forests through the courtesy of the commissioners. 27 Elm leaf beetle Galerucella lutecla Miill. Cluster of eggs, much enlarged Side view of single egg, still more enlarged Recently hatched larva or grub, much enlarged Full grown larva or grub, much enlarged Pupa, much enlarged Overwintered beetle, much enlarged Fresh, brightly colored beetle, much enlarged Leaf showing eating of larvae or grubs and a few holes eaten by beetles, eggs in clusters, cast larval skins and full grown larvae, natural size Leaf skeletonized by grubs Leaf eaten by beetles 18 PLATE 2 a: € € t €.. is e 4 WX v t ts |< 27a L. H. Joutel, tgoo James B. Lyon, State Printer ELM LEAF BEETLE (Reprint from 5th report of commissioners of fisheries, game and forests.) ‘ ‘ t ’ ' ‘ > 5 - i ‘ ae: bee al ¥ Li : , fn ae J . : Wie | fa : me Sy piece ? aca) . < Ae ° . * ‘ ‘ " a Par aA) Sea er ee a | —— ; . ee eel te Work of white pariged tussock moth, Hemero C am y a Ket grounds e St Tomes de ale Aves eee hots aise 20 ea" 5 Ses = * i cai rs ‘ ~ 3 , 7 o a . ‘ ‘i a - A 4 *» » es i ; ; ae ' a an iam “0 ; aoe aie Nee ik ee ov gobi ‘sny ‘) mn ~ Nn bh a & “4 i Cn — op) = le) wy) ch bw vo fos! = ~ ° lo = I A =a 2) A Oo n Nn - S _ — i) o ‘4 A ~ iss} a = ~ o — “4 lon! —_ = —_ * , ae tee a — aes ghey Neaaieteeresy nh Egg masses of white marked tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm.,on English elm. Capitol park, Albany, photo August 1906. Note that the egg masses are conspicuous, attached to slight cocoons and therefore easily removed. 24 Plate 5 Capitol park, Albany, Aug. 1906 S ¢ White marked tussock moth eg A magnificent English elm nearly defoliated by the elm leaf beetle; Galertcella luteola Mill. _ Lancaster street, Albany, pote: August 1906 26 Plate 6 Albany, Aug. 1906 Work of elm leaf beetle on Lancaster street y " «a ‘ BY * i i} ‘ . Ld - a " ‘ % A ; - / P's et hie? : “, a] * “ , : m4 r € ei od cA iow » ‘ he : =e \ ¥ + ;. . ’ . bai . ” e ¥ 1 "i oa 7 co >» . ; ’ wef x ’ N 4 ‘ \ / - £ 7 hd . Nhe é F ay . : den ~ 4 st if f ey a : x M eb Tk - id i 7 rhe it Bae . —— od € gto’ oT Ai ' . . « . - 4 2 : na od = Row of English elms on South THawwk sees Albany, by the work of the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella lu Photo August 1906. These nine trees were, in 1898, same condition as the one illustrate ; | . 28 d on plate 6. eee J ’ = . : . ’ - ~ ‘ - ~ “ ~ < ‘ . — 7 - - t- . . . Plate 7 Albany, Aug. 1906 Work of elim leaf beetle on South Hawk street he American elm on Washington avenue near Fort Orange Club, Albany, seriously injured by the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., photo August 1906. Note the numerous dead limbs. 30 Plate 8 “@ i a Pt] A led a | Lg Albany, Aug. 1906 Work of elm leaf beetle on Washington avenue +i INDEX Arsenate of lead, g. Birds, feeding on white marked tus- sock moth, 8; on elm leaf beetle, 13. Cotton batting, 14. Elm leaf beetle, 9-14; description, 10- 11; distribution, 10; food plants, Io; life history, 12-13; natural enemies, 13; remedial measures, I3-I4. Fly paper, 14. Forbush, E. H., cited, 8. Galerucella luteola, 9-14. Hemerocampa leucostigma, 6-9. Kerosene emulsion, 14. St leucostigma, Hemerocampa, 6-9. luteola, Galerucella, 9-14. Parasites, white marked tussock moth, 8. Remedies, arsenate of lead, 9; cotton batting, 14; fly paper, 14; kerosene emulsion, 14; tar bands, 14; whale oil soap solution, I4. Tar bands, 14. Tussock moth, see White marked tus- sock moth. Whale oil soap solution, 14. White marked tussock moth, 6-9; de- life natural scription, °7;" food plauts, 3s 7-8; enemies, 8; remedies, 8-9, history and _ habits, Published monthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 403 JUNE 1907 New York State Museum _ | q Joun M. Crarxe, Director 3 EPHRAIM PORTER FELT, State Entomologist ; : Bulletin 110 3 ENTOMOLOGY 28 j 22 Keport of the state Entomologist : ; nN > o INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS j OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1906 PAGE PAGE MEROUUCHION, oc osc veces ce 30 Garden inGecnsee ces sacs vse Se OGM GES TASECES z. .5- oes 2. 60 39 Shade treenmsectse. argo) 54 Sade tree probleni........... 40 Korest: imsectst- fsa em carta 58 Gipsy and brown tail moths... 40 Niscellaneousassceetecs aaa 50 PMti athe WISCCES << ds ses coe waite 41 | Voluntary entomological service. 65 MeL MM eSe, aS be SP ck odes « 41 | List of publications of the Ento- HeMIMRE ALOIS co. ks oecc cc Seb ae 42 mologist Go Sees CEE Siren anh ts oP MOUGGHONGSiaa~ oleae eae 'as s+ G's 42 | Contributions to collection...... 78 ME nGeN WORK sic ole sd Secs es 43 | Appendix Misery certiticates .... 2,2... 43 | New species of Cecidomyiidae... 97 Woliuntary observers. ... 2.1... Afi ad demic A 28 ae sola siets sesetce Se kos 149 remenalen = Sct choo cas AR oa fis 44%) Deoxplanationmren plates: oso... 5.2% 167 iNares tor the year. ........,...6- PAA Pi 61 G(s Sieh oA cs gO a Ta NS 173 PMC etSECUS A. 5% axlae tbs vis ae ee « 45° New York State Education Department Science Division, December 24, 1906 Hon, Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Sir: I have the honor to communicate herewith the report of the State Entomologist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1906. Very respectfully Joun M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication this 28th day of December 1906 LS Dreper Commissioner of Education New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Crarkg, Director EPHRAIM PorTer Frit, State Entomologist Bulletin r1o0 ENTOMOLOGY 28 22d REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1006 Lo John M. Clarke, Director of Science Division I have the honor of presenting herewith my report on the injuri- ous and other insects of the State of New York for the year ending October 15, 1906. The season of 1906 has been marked by relatively few extensive depredations by insect pests. This is particularly true of the forms affecting garden, vegetable and other common farm crops. A remarkable large South American moth (Thysania zenobia Cramer) was taken in Albany the last of September. This mag- nificent moth has a wing spread of about 5 inches and its occurrence in this city is undoubtedly due to its having been brought north with a boat load of bananas or other tropical fruit. This capture is an example of the way in which insects are distributed through com- mercial agencies, though in the present instance it happens to be a species which can not sustain itself in this latitude. Fruit tree insects. The San José scale is still regarded as a serious pest of the horticulturist, though the experience of recent years has demonstrated beyond question the practicability of keep- ing this insect in check by thorough and timely applications of a lime-sulfur wash. Our experiments conducted during a series of years show this insecticide to be fully as satisfactory as any other material which has been employed, despite the fact that a number of new preparations have been put on the market in recent years. These latter, though they possess certain very desirable qualities, have not been tested sufficiently so that they can be recommended without qualification. | We find the grape root worm still abundant in the Chautauqua region and the present indications are that some vineyards may be seriously injured by its depredations within a year or two. This 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM insect, as experience has shown, is more or less local in its opera- tions and general predictions regarding its work are in most cases rather hazardous. Shade tree problem. This phase of practical entomology has made considerable demands upon our time in the last few years. This has been due in large part to extensive defoliations of street and park trees in many cities and villages of the State by the white marked tussock moth, a species which rarely occurs in destructive numbers outside of municipalities and villages, and one easily con- trolled by intelligent effort. The elm leaf beetle has been par- ticularly destructive in the Hudson valley and has become estab- lished in cities and villages in other portions of the State. The work of these leaf feeders and their allies has created a great demand | for information along these lines. A number of popular articles have been sent to the local press in various parts of the State, urging the adoption of comprehensive measures for the protection of trees. It is gratifying to state that considerable interest has been aroused and most commendable efforts made to protect the trees. The city of Albany, in its budget for 1907, has made provision for the employ- ment of a forester who will be charged with the general care of the trees. This plan, if carried out, provides for the protection of the trees from year to year — something which we have been advo- cating for some time. This is by far the most satisfactory way to care for street and park trees and we hope soon to see other cities and many villages adopting the same method. A special bulletin, treating of the elm leaf beetle and white marked tussock moth and giving summary accounts of each, has been prepared and will be issued shortly. More extended accounts of these and other insect enemies of shade trees are given in our recent publication on Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees [N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8], a quarto work of two volumes comprising about 1000 pages, illus- trated by 72 plates (20 colored) and over 200 text figures. Gipsy and brown tail moths. These two dangerous insects, thoroughly and widely established in eastern New England, have been the objects of considerable attention at our hands. The gipsy moth in particular is a most dangerous leaf feeder and has excited much interest. Owing to the fact that this latter species has been very destructive in eastern Massachusetts and is still extending its range, it was deemed wise to distribute in many sections of the State a warning placard briefly describing the insect and the asso- ciated brown tail moth. This latter displays a marked preference REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 4l for fruit trees and is very annoying on account of the intense irrita- meme produced by the urticating hairs of the caterpillar. ‘The placard was supplemented by a bulletin [N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 103] giving more detailed information concerning these pests, with the result that many specimens of various insects were sent to the office for determination. The newspapers of the State cooperated most efficiently in disseminating information relating to these dangerous forms. It is gratifying to state that, so far as we have been able to discover, there is no ground for believing that either the gipsy moth or its destructive associate, the brown tail moth, has become established anywhere in New York State, though it would not be surprising were one or both of them to obtain a foothold in the near future. It is very important that our citizens should know about the gipsy moth in particular and be prepared to suppress the pest upon its first appearance. Aquatic insects. The earlier investigations of this group have been continued. Dr James G. Needham has an extensive mono- graph on the stone flies (Plecoptera) nearly completed. This im- portant work will prove an extremely valuable addition to our knowledge of a hitherto much neglected group. Dr Cornelius Betten, who has been giving special attention to the Caddis flies (Trichoptera) for the past five years, continued his studies last summer at Buffalo and Ogdensburg. These insects are an import- ant element of fish food and, in addition, are of considerable local importance in the city of Buffalo. They breed in such large num- bers in the rapids of the Niagara river that each summer the adults belonging to this group and the not distantly related May flies (Ephemeridae) swarm by the millions in portions of the city near the river front. The insects are so abundant as to prohibit out- door painting during certain portions of the season. These flies were one of the factors which led to the locating of the Pan-Ameri- can Exposition some distance from their breeding places. Dr Betten has given particular attention to this local phase of the problem and he is now engaged in preparing an exhaustive account of this very interesting and in some respects important group. Gall midges. These minute, inconspicuous insects, belonging to a family comprising a large number of species have been sub- jects of careful and extensive investigations by the Entomologist and his assistants. Certain forms, like the Hessian fly and wheat midge, are of prime economic importance. The former is well known as an exceedingly destructive enemy of certain varieties of 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM wheat, and in 1901 caused an estimated loss in New York State alone of $3,000,000. The wheat midge in earlier years was also exceedingly destructive to this important grain crop. During the last decade another member of this family, the violet gall midge, has become a dangerous enemy of the extensive violet-growing in- dustry, which has its most important center at Rhinebeck, N. Y. The members of this group are better known because of the many remarkable vegetable deformities they produce, and the adult insects present some extremely interesting morphologic variations. Continued and thorough collecting of these forms has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of material. A recent cata- logue lists less than 150 species as being native to North America, whereas our recent work has resulted in finding in New York State alone probably over 400 species, including therein representatives of genera hitherto unrecognized in this country, and presumably of others previously unknown. A clearer idea of the extent of our work may possibly be gained from the following: Mr J. R. Gillett, a medical student, was engaged during the entire summer in mak- ing some 2000 excellent microscopic preparations of these insects. These large additions to our collection will result in extremely important contributions to our knowledge of this hitherto relatively unknown group. The value of this work has been greatly increased by the enthusiastic and intelligent collecting of Assistant Ento- mologist Young and Assistant Nixon. Publications. The Entomologist has contributed numerous economic articles to the agricultural and local press. The report of the office for 1904, owing to delays, did not appear till early in the fiscal year, and that for 1995 was not issted till September 1906, A special bulletin giving a summary account of the gipsy ani brown tail moths [Mus. Bul. 103] was issued in midsummer and the first volume of Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees [N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8] appeared in February. The proof- reading and verification incident to the second volume going through the press has made large demands upon our time and it is a pleas- ure to state that this extensive work is now practically completed and will appear within a few weeks. Another important paper entitled Diversities among New York Mosquitos was reprinted from the Year Book for 1904-1905 of the American Mosquito Ex- termination Society. Collections. Some exceptionally valuable additions have been made to the State collections aside from those secured in prose- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 43 cuting the special investigations mentioned above. A very fine collection of parasitic wasps (Chrysididae) was received from A. Mocsary, Budapest, Hungary, and a valuable addition to our Tachina flies from Dr Mario Bezzi of Italy. Some exceedingly desirable mosquitos from the south and southwestern part of this country, from Jamaica and the Philippine Islands were obtained through various correspondents of the office. The special collections made by the members of the office staff in the Cecidomytidae, mentioned above, have resulted in enormous additions to this group. The work upon the State collections has continued with unabated vigor and the general condition of the collections has been much improved, particularly in the families Ortalidae, Trypetidae, Dolichopodidae and Ephydridae. The rep- resentatives of the latter groups have been determined by Assistant Entomologist Young. The midges (Chironomidae) have received considerable study at the hands of Assistant I. L. Nixon, who has _also devoted much time to the general arrangement and classifica- tion of the Coleoptera. Office work. The general work of the office has been con- ducted about as in preceding years, the Assistant Entomologist taking charge of the correspondence during the absence of the Entomologist. The popular interest aroused in the search for the gipsy and brown tail moths in this State resulted in a great many insects being sent in for determination. This work devolved very largely upon Mr Young. A well sustained interest is shown by the correspondence: 2120 letters, 1284 postals, 215 circulars and 3317 packages were sent through the mails and 208 packages were shipped by express. Nursery certificates. The practice of recent years has been ‘continued and nursery certificates for persons desiring to ship into the state of Virginia indorsed by the State Entomologist upon the request of the State Commission of Agriculture. The fol- lowing is a list of firms to whom these nursery certificates were issued during 1906: The Rogers Nurseries, Stark Bros., Bryant Bros., George A. Sweet, Morey & Son, G. W. Whitney & Co., Sheerins Wholesale Nursery, all of Dansville; Wheelock & Clark, T. S. Hubbard Co., George S. Joselyn, L. Roesch, Foster & Grif- fith, F. E. Schifferli, all of Fredonia; Reliance Nursery Co., The eG Chase Co., The M. H. Harman Co., all of Geneva; Jackson & Perkins Co., Newark; Stark Bros., Portland; Brown Bros. Co., Green Nursery Co., Charles V. Wyman, Ellwanger & Barry, 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Western N. Y. Nursery Co., T. W. Brown & Son Nursery Co., Chase Bros. Co., Perry Nursery Co., The Bay Nursery, McGlemon &. Kirby, The Hawk's’ Nursery: Co, ie "s,)) Mavlon & (Com allies Rochester. Voluntary observers. These correspondents of the office have continued to send reports throughout the growing season and a number of valuable facts were brought to our notice in this way. These records increase in value with the advance of years. General. The office is indebted to Dr L. O. Howard, Chiet of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agri- culture, and to members of his staff for kindly determining various insects submitted to them throughout the year. In conclusion it may be stated that the enthusiastic cooperation of voluntary observers and others in touch with the office, the in- creased correspondence, and the great demand for our publications indicate a well sustained interest in this branch of scientific work. Respectfully submitted EPHRAIM PoRTER FELT State Entomologist Office of the State Entomologist, Albany, October 15, 1906 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 45 NOTES FOR Eine Nan Auk The following summarized accounts treat of some of the more interesting forms observed during the season. An unusual occur- rence was the capture in Albany of a large South American moth (Thysania zenobia Cramer) which is represented in the natural size on plate 1. This species was undoubtedly brought to Albany with a boat load of tropical fruit. More common forms observed during the year have been grouped together under ap- propriate heads as in previous reports. Fruit insects Yellow-necked appletree caterpillar (Datana ministra Drury). This common leaf feeder is more or less abundant in orchards from year to year, and during the past season, caterpillars were received the latter part of July and throughout August, from various sections of the State. The young of this insect feed in clusters and, as a consequence, their depredations are more ap- parent than those of the more solitary feeders. Injury can fre- quently be prevented by cutting infested tips bearing clusters of caterpillars and crushing the pests, or recourse may be had to treatment with arsenical poisons. The sprayings ordinarily given for the control of the codling moth and early spring leaf feeders, are usually amply sufficient to prevent this species from inflicting any material injury. Red-humped appletree caterpillar (Schizura concinna Abb. & Sm.). This rather common leaf feeder is more or less prevalent in orchards of the State, and numerous specimens were sent from different sections from late July throughout August. It is very rarely that this insect is abundant enough to cause any appreciable damage, and ordinarily the sprayings given for the control of the codling moth and the earlier leaf-feeding insects are amply sufficient to keep this species in check. Gipsy and brown tail moths (Porthetria dispar Linn, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.). These two insects have aroused considerable apprehension in New York State in the last two or three years. This is particularly true of the gipsy moth, since the automobile has become so popular, because experi- ence has shown this vehicle to be a most efficient agent in dis- seminating this destructive leaf feeder. This insect is steadily extending its range, having become well established in southern New Hampshire, made its way west in Massachusetts to Maynard, 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Stowe and Marlboro, and a colony has been found at Stonington, Ct. The brown tail moth flies readily and has already become established in the Connecticut valley. There is no knowing when either of these insects may enter New York State, and owing to the importance of detecting their presence as soon as possible, it was deemed advisable to issue a warning placard, figuring in colors and giving the salient characteristics of each. It was distributed early in July. The placard was supplemented by Museum bulletin 103, which gives a summarized account of both insects and their work. The reader is referred to this publication for further details respecting these dangerous pests. These two publications aroused much interest among all classes. The press cooperated in a most satisfactory manner, most of the local papers publishing extracts from either the placard or the bulletin, and some giving rather extended accounts culled from these publications. A large number of people were interested and many leaf-feeding caterpillars in particular were sent to the office for identification. Reports of serious injuries by supposed gipsy moth were published by various newspapers during the summer, but» without exception it was found that the ravages were due to the work of some other pest and that it was therefore a case of mistaken identity. The efforts outlined above were supplemented by special inspection by Assistant I. L. Nixon, ‘about the railroad yards of New York city and vicinity, Poughkeepsie, Albany, Rens- selaer, Karner, Troy, Watervliet, Cohoes, Schenectady, Mechanic- ville and Rotterdam Junction without finding any signs of these insects. This examination showed beyond question that so far as most of these yards are concerned there was very little opportunity for the gipsy moth, carried either as eggs or caterpillars, becoming established, as there was not much available vegetation in the near vicinity of most of the tracks. It is a source of gratification to state that, so far as known at the present time, neither the gipsy moth nor its associate, the brown tail moth, has become established in New York State. There is still great danger of these pests becoming established within our boundaries, and we would there- fore bespeak the further cooperation of all interested in the sub- jection of insect enemies, since a relatively small effort at the outset may prevent enormous losses later. A personal inspection of the infested region in eastern Massa- chusetts during July showed that conditions generally were much better than they were the preceding season, or in fact at any time within the last two or three years. There has been a most hearty REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 47 cooperation between local authorities and State officials in Massa- chusetts, and as a consequence the numbers of both pests have been largely reduced, in spite of the fact that they were exceedingly abundant the preceding summer. Some extended woodland tracts were completely defoliated, and the control of the gipsy moth in such situations is still a grave problem. The federal government is cooperating with the state of Massachusetts in an effort to prevent the further spread of the insect as well as in studying its natural enemies. It is proposed to keep all trees near highways as free from these insects as possible, in order to prevent their being carried into new territory by users of the highways. This alone should reduce very largely the danger of the gipsy moth becoming established in other sections. A serious effort has been made to secure natural enemies. Dr L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, has an extensive acquaintance with foreign entomologists, and this enabled him to secure the services of a number of skilled specialists for the collection and shipment to this country, of large numbers of parasites of both the gipsy and brown tail moths. Shipments were sent directly to Sup’t pew ia, Kirkland and installed. in the parasitic laboratory at Saugus. The insects were carefully bred out, the dangerous secondary hyperparasites destroyed and the beneficial forms reared in cages, and those abundant established under favorable conditions in the open. The results obtained during the season of 1906 have been very successful, in that several important natural enemies have completed their life cycle in this country and it now only remains to ascertain whether they can stand the rigors of the New England winter and multiply sufficiently to be of material service in checking these two pests. The outlook for this line of work is certainly very encouraging, and so far as controlling these insects in woodlands is concerned, it appears to be the most practical way of attaining this much desired end. Oriental slug caterpillar (Cnidocampa flavescens Walk.). This slug caterpillar was discovered in the vicinity of Boston at Dorchester, Mass. in 1906 and careful examination showed that it had become established over a territory about 2 miles long and 14 miles in breadth. It appears to be a species that can sustain itself readily in this latitude, though, as our native slug caterpillars rarely become abundant enough to cause any ma- terial injury, it is hoped that the same may be the case with this 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM introduced form. ‘This leaf feeder was probably brought into the country on Japanese nursery stock and Dr. H. T. Fernald, writing on the same, states that it has an extended distribution in the Orient, occurring in Japan, on the Island of Yezo and southward at least as far as Yokohama. It also occurs in China near Pek where it is very abundant, and it has been reported as far south as the Yiangtse-Kiang river, just north of the 30° of latitude. This distribution would indicate that the insect will probably be able to exist all over the United States except the peninsula of Florida, north of Mexico and in southern Canada. Its eastern food plants are Celtis, birch, elm and Japanese persimmon. It was found mostly in this country on Norway maples, pear, apple and cherry, though it also occurred on crab apple, willow, black birch, oak-leaved white birch, oak, American elm, Wahoo elm, black- berry, beech, poplar, mountain ash and buckthorn. This data is culled from a recently issued bulletin by Dr Fernald.* The cocoon is an oval structure with peculiar broad white stripes [fig. 1]. One specimen was found on a recent importation of Japa- nese maples in a greenhouse at Albany, though there is no evi- dence to show that the insect has become established in the open in ] : See Fig. 1 Cocoons of oreaed slug caterpillar; this vicinity. It appears to be a the larger probably female, on the twig; 2 : if the smaller, probably male, empty, both common species in Japan. We sue iipeaee) have been informed of earlier im- portations of Japanese maples bearing similar, possibly identical, cocoons, so it would not be surprising were subsequent investigation io show that this slug caterpillar was already established in several widely separated localities. Scurfy scale (Chiomaspis (ftritras Pitch) whitish, scurfy or chafflike scale continued abundant in the Hudson valley, being specially numerous in the vicinity of Annandale, where it caused considerable apprehension because many people mistook it. for the. San José. scale) TA Spd mete seme oe Comst., a species which has become well established in Germantown er A * Hatch Exper. Sta. Mass. Agr: Col, Bul? pas jan: aGge7 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 AQ and vicinity, only a few miles to the north. The scurfy scale, for some reason, has been abnormally abundant in this section, af- fecting mostly young fruit trees. Experience has repeatedly shown the practicability of controlling this pest by timely applications of contact insecticides, either whale oil soap or kerosene emulsion, the latter part of May or early in June at the time the minute, reddish young are crawling in large numbers. San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.). This insect is one of prime importance to the small as well as the large fruit grower. The latter, if he is to continue in business and has infested orchards, must find some way of controlling the pest. The small fruit grower will soon find his fruit of very little value if this insect is ailowed to breed unrestricted on the trees for a period of several years. The experiments and experience of the past decade have shown beyond all question the practicability of controlling this dangerous scale insect. The weight of evidence is decidedly in favor of employing a lime-sulfur wash which, if prop- erly prepared and thoroughly applied, will give fully as satis- factory resuits as any other preparation. Recent experience has demonstrated the absolute necessity of great care in the making of this compound and thoroughly emphasized the value of most careful application. Several experiments were conducted the past season, largely for the purpose of determining whether the lime-sulfur wash could be further modified to advantage. A lime-sulfur wash was made in the normal manner except that the ordinary burnt lime of this vicinity was replaced by a finely prepared hydrated magnesium lime known as limoid. The results were decidedly adverse to the employment of this material despite its improved physical condition. The reaction between the limoid and the sulfur was not nearly so vigorous, even when hot water was employed. The following formula was used with very satisfactory results: 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulfur, 12 pounds of sal soda with 50 gallons of water. Half amounts were taken, the materials mixed together dry, and then two pails of hot water added. The re- action began in about two minutes and was quite vigorous though no cold water was necessary to keep the mixture within a half barrel. The compound was very satisfactory and there was very little sediment. This wash was applied April 13 to both moder- ately and very badly infested apple trees. An examination May 19 showed that this wash adhered fully as well as the others and 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the same was true the 31st. A few living scale insects were found only after considerable search, whereas on the trees sprayed with the other washes there was not much difficulty in finding live scales. October 15 the trees treated with this preparation had some living insects on the more inaccessible portions. There appeared to be absolutely none on the accessible limbs which were more thoroughly sprayed than those on the other side. The general results were very satisfactory indeed. | Another formula, calling for 64 pounds lime, 5 pounds sulfur and 2 pounds caustic soda with 16 gallons of water was prepared as follows: The dry materials were mixed together and then two pails of hot water added thereto. The reaction was very violent and the liquid was coloured a very dark red. There was little evidence of the greenish monosulphid. The combination was good though there was considerable sediment. It was applied April 13 to several plum trees which had badly infested limbs and on the 16th it was seen that the application had been very thorough. An examination May 31 resulted in finding a few living scale insects on these trees without much difficulty, and October 15 it was seen that there were very few living scales —-in fact the treatment was very satisfactory. There was very little or no difference to be detected between these trees and those sprayed with the wash de- scribed above. The third formula, calling for 20 pounds limoid, 15 pounds sul- fur and 6 pounds caustic soda with 50 gallons water was used in one half the usual quantity. The dry materials were mixed together and the reaction started with two pails of hot water. It was prompt but very limited, owing to the fact that the limoid added very little to its vigor. The boiling seemed to be due almost entirely to the presence of the caustic soda. This prepar- ation, after standing about two hours, was a light orange color with a somewhat greenish tint. It kept hot during this time. There was much sandy sediment and considerable undissolved sulfur or sulfur-lime. Perhaps 1 pound of the entire amount was in this condition. This wash was applied April 13 to apple trees with some limbs badly infested. May 9 this wash did not seem to have adhered as well as the others, and on the 31st it was not very difficult to find living scale insects. October 15 the trees sprayed with this mixture had distinctly more living scale insects than those freated with either of the above preparations in spite of the fact that the infestation was lighter than the others. There is no doubt REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 51 but that the limoid-soda combination destroyed many scale insects, though it was not as efficient as a wash where good quicklime was employed. A general survey of Mr L. L. Morrell’s orchard at Kinderhook showed that the same was in most excellent condition. This gentle- man states that he has less scale on his trees than at any time in the past six years, and the excellent condition of his orchard sus- tains his statement. Mr Morrell is very well satisfied with the lime-sulfur wash though he is convinced that nothing but most thorough work, both in preparation and application, will give the desired results. The control of this insect in old orchards is a problem that demands further attention. Mr W. H. Hart of Poughkeepsie, who has had this scale in an orchard of large trees for some years, has succeeded in keeping the pest well within bounds provided he was able to spray one side with the aid of a favorable breeze and then treat the other when the wind was in an opposite direction. This treatment was very satisfactory. for the lower limbs and branches, but with the apparatus at hand it was found almost im- practicable to successfully spray the higher limbs; consequently some of these were badly infested by the scale and eventually seriously injured. The tops of some of his large trees were mostly removed in the spring of 1905 before spraying was attempted, and during the summer they were in excellent condition. Certain other trees had the tops at this time in a very poor condition owing to injury by the scale and they were accordingly cut back in the spring of 1906 with equally beneficial results. It appears very probable that a large tree can be cut back to a greater extent than has been hitherto thought possible, provided some care is exercised. It may be that experience will show that this operation can be more safely performed after the upper portion of the tree has suffered somewhat from scale attack than if the attempt is made to cut it back while the tree is in unabated vigor. Several oil preparations, popularly known as “soluble oils,’ have been put on the market in recent years, and some very sweeping claims made in regard to the same. One of the foremost of these, known as “ scalicide,” has been under observation during the season and a rather large orchard of young trees in the Hudson river valley was sprayed with this material. A few of the trees were rather badly infested by the scale, but most of them were com- paratively free. An examination of the infested trees in October 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM showed that a few living scale insects occurred here and there. There was also some evidence of oil injury, though it is impossible at the present time to state whether this is great enough to be a permanent detriment. This can be determined only by subsequent observations and treatment. Another tree in the central part of the State, most thoroughly sprayed several times with this prepa- ration, was entirely free from living scale insects though evidence of oil injury was a little more marked than in the first mentioned instance. ‘These preparations are worth experimenting with though conclusions should be drawn with the greatest care. A few years ago we were told that crude petroleum could be applied in a diluted form without injury to trees and for a while this was accepted as true, but the work of later years has shown this to be erroneous, except possibly under unusually favorable circumstances. The so called “soiuble oils”? presumably differ not very much from those employed in earlier years, except that they have been brought into a very finely emulsified condition. There is danger that successive annual applications to trees may eventually result in serious injury, and a word of warning in regard to these preparations is therefore timely. Grapevine root worm (Fidia viticida Walsh). This destructive enemy of the vineyardist continues abundant in the Chautauqua region and during the past season has been excep- tionally numerous in certain vineyards. It is, as experience has shown in the past, such a-local insect that one part of a vineyard may be very badly infested and another portion less than 100 yards away comparatively free from the pest. These conditions render it very difficult to make any general statements concerning this insect. There is no question but that it is becoming more abundant in certain vineyards here and there throughout the grape belt and its numbers have increased materially in the past year or two in some vineyards on the hills back from the lake. The insidious nature of this insect’s operations renders it advisable that all growers should keep a close watch for the appearance of the pest in any numbers, and in case it becomes abundant they should adopt meas- ures for its prompt suppression rather than allow it to multiply unrestricted and perhaps cause irreparable injury. Steely flea beetle (Haltica chalybea Ill.). This pest, owing to the continued cold weather of early spring retarding the grape buds just after they had begun to open, had an exceptional opportunity to work and therefore caused more injury than usual. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 53 This is due to the fact that its operations in the bud, destroying all the foliage and fruit which normally would come from that point, are particularly serious to the vineyardists since a very little feeding in this manner causes an enormous loss. This pest, as is well known, feeds upon the foliage in June as small brown grubs. . Spraying at this time will destroy the young and largely reduce the numbers of beetles which can winter and attack the buds in early spring. White flower cricket (Oecanthus niveus DeG.). The slender, whitish adults of this species are rather common during the latter part of the season and the oviposition scars made by the females are frequently met with in twigs and the stouter her- baceous plants. Occasionally this species is so abundant as to cause considerable injury, as was the case in the vicinity of Ripley, N. Y., during the fall of 1905, though the injury was not observed till early the following spring. Mr F. A. Morehouse of Ripley, under date of April 30, 1906, submitted specimens of the work of this insect and stated that some vineyards were very badly af- fected, many of the canes dying from the wounds inflicted. The investigation showed that the greatest injury was in vineyards where an abundant weedy growth was present. The most effective method of preventing trouble of this character is clean culture, since flower crickets display a marked preference for weedy places. Garden insects Twelve spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duodecim- punctata Linn.). This species was observed last July breeding rather abundantly on a small plot of asparagus at Westfield, N. Y. in association with the common asparagus beetle C. asparagi Linn. It was not quite as abundant as the latter form though specimens were easily found on the vines and a number captured. This more recent introduction is already widely though locally dis- tributed in New York State. Dark sided cutworm (Paragrotis messoria Harr.). This rather common caterpillar was responsible for serious injury to primroses and other garden plants at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. The attack occurred during the latter part of May. This cutworm, when full grown, is something over an inch long, dingy ash-gray in color, darker on the sides, with a dark, dingy dorsal line. Each segment is marked with eight small, black, hair-bearing tubercles arranged in two groups of four. The posterior extremity has a greenish tinge and the under surface and legs are somewhat lighter than the upper. 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This cutworm and its allies are usually noticeable in early spring because of their depredations on young plants. Clean culture is one of the best methods of preventing injury and in the event of their occurring in numbers, poison baits, such as fresh clover dipped in paris green water or dry bran mixed with poison may be employed to destroy the pests. One of the most satisfactory methods, if the area is not too large, is digging out the cutworms and destroying them. Shade tree insects Sugar maple borer (Plagionotus speciosus Say). This” destrcmue maple borer continues’ its operations in the beautiful shade trees ornamenting the village streets in the State. It appears to be particularly destructive in the central western part, and our attention has re- cently been called to severe injuries which were observed by us some seven years earlier. The maples in the village of Le- roy, N. Y., appear to have been exeep- tionally unfortunate so far as attacks by this species are concerned. A consider- able number of trees are infested by the borer and not a few have been severely injured. Earlier observations and work have shown the practicability of freeing infested maples very largely from this pest. Inhabited galleries should be care- fully investigated and exposed until the atti borer is found and destroyed, either with Fig. 2 Injury produced by a a hooked wire or with a knife. Such phone Sgr esr ae diaz Wounds should be carefully dressed with eter (Author’s illustration) a protective material, one of the best of which is a thick, pasty mixture of fresh air-slacked lime and cow dung. A covering of tar or a cheap paint is also very effective in protecting the exposed wood from fungus infection and further insect operations. An exceptionaliy interesting observation on the work of this insect was made in connection with a recent trip to Leroy. Seven years before, namely, in September 1899, we photographed a tree in that village which had been badly injured by this insect and figure 2 represents the condition of the trunk at that time. The tree REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 55 is about 18 inches in diameter and at the time the photograph was taken was in rather thrifty condition despite the fact that one side was completely girdled by the operations of this borer. It will be seen, by reference to the illustration, that the dead area had already commenced to enlarge and it was, therefore, not sur- prising on examining the tree in November of this year to find that the area of the exposed wood had greatly increased. The gallery shown in the figure was approximately 4 feet from the ground. At the present time the entire affected side | pl. 2], from the ground to 8 or 10 feet above, is dead, the bark has decayed or fallen away, and a large proportion of the magnificent limbs and branches on that side of the tree has disappeared. This illustrates in a striking manner the destructive nature of this insect’s oper- ations. It is very probable that an injury of this character could be helped by bridge grafting, and it is presumable that extremely beneficial results would have been obtained even if this means had not been employed until two or three years after the initial injury, provided the bridge grafts were inserted in rather vigorous tissues. It certainly illustrates the necessity of closely watching our valuable | maples and early adopting measures which will assist in their recovering from such injury. We have shown elsewhere that the early work of this insect is readily detected by a careful examination in the fall, and the labor involved in cutting out and destroying the young grubs is very slight in comparison with the value of the trees. Systematic ex- aminations by one familiar with the early operations of the borer should be most productive of good results and we commend the adoption of such methods to all villages possessing maples badly infested by this destructive insect. White marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leuco- mae tta vb. @& Sm.). This leaf feeder, like the elm leaf beetle, is preeminently a city pest. The season of 1905 was marked by extensive injuries by this species in Buffalo, Lockport, Geneva, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, Albany, Troy and Brooklyn. Some of these municipalities, as a result of popular agitation, adopted more or less effective measures for the control of this pest, and many eve masses were collected and destroyed during the early spring of 1906. Some sections of certain cities were largely freed from the pest as a result, while in other places the caterpillars were exceed- ingly abundant and destructive during the past season. This was particularly true in portions of New York and Brooklyn, Albany, Troy, Binghamton and Buffalo. 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The caterpillars of this pest were so numerous on some streets and in parks of these cities as to be extremely obtrusive, occurring thickly on tree trunks, walks, fences and even the sides of buildings. Many of these places now harbor large numbers of the conspicuous white egg masses which, unless removed, give promise of a repe- tition of this plague in 1907. A summarized account of this insect has been prepared and will appear in a special bulletin treating of this species and the equally destructive elm leaf beetle. A very interesting condition was observed in Capitol park July 5. Many of the trees were badly infested by the tussock moth, several being almost entirely defoliated, and that morning the ground was rather thickly strewn with leaves and leaf-bearing twigs. Most of the latter bore irom three to five or six leaves, and the cut end had invariably been completely girdled for a distance ranging from one fourth to nearly an inch in length. This peculiar form of injury was first observed by the late Dr Lintner in 1883, who actually saw caterpillars engaged in the girdling operation. Subsequently ques- tions arose as to whether the depredator was correctly identified. It is gratifying to state that the trees in Capitol park, mentioned above, were infested by practically no other insect, the tussock moth caterpillars were in several instances observed upon the falling twigs, and there is therefore every reason to believe that this larva was the author of this somewhat anomalous injury. The girdling was limited, as was also observed by Dr Lintner, to the new growth, and as the past summer has been exceptionally moist, it is barely possible that there is some connection between a rapid succulent growth and this form of injury, since it is only occasionally that the larvae girdle the twigs, as recorded above. Spiny elm ‘caterpillar (Euvanessa antiopa Linn). This large, dark, red spotted, black spined larva is present in small numbers from year to year on elm, willow and poplar, in particular. Caterpillars were received from different sections of the State, from the latter part of July to the middle of August, and in most instances they were taken for the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., an insect which has not become established in the State so far as known. This spiny caterpillar feeds in clusters and, as a consequence, its operations are much more apparent than if it were less gregarious. It is quite susceptible to arsenical poisons and easily controlled by these means wherever such treatment is advisable. Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola Miull.). This REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 19060 57 destructive enemy of European elms, in particular, has been abnor- mally abundant in certain sections. It was reported as being quite destructive at Oyster Bay, Ossining, Fort Edward and Ithaca, while personal observations show that it inflicted serious injuries to many elms in Albany and Troy. Most of the damage in the latter places followed the relaxation of repressive measures, due to the _ erroneous idea that the insect was well under control and therefore capable of inflicting relatively little harm. Trees which received timely applications of arsenical poisons were practically exempt from injury, while others, which in some sections were in the large majority, lost a very high percentage of their foliage, some being nearly stripped. The experience of recent years has demonstrated the practicability of controlling this insect in cities and villages. A summarized detailed account of this insect has been prepared and will be issued in a forthcoming bulletin. Fall webworm (Hyphantria textor Harr.). This well known species has been less abundant than usual as a rule, though larvae were received from different sections of the State from the latter part of August to the middle of September. The caterpillars, however, were in no instance excessively abundant. This species is easily controlled by removing the conspicuous nests and crushing the caterpillars within them, or by timely applications of an ar- senical poison. False maple scale (Phenacoccus acericola King). This species appears to be establishing a claim as one of the serious pests of the hard maple in New York ‘State, since it has been quite injurious to trees in the vicinity of New York city, in particular, during the past four or five years. It was very abundant last summer at Port Chester, Middletown, and probably in other villages in the southern part of the State. It may be distinguished at once from the better known cottony maple scale by the fact that it occurs mostly on the foliage, the males making minute cottonlike cocoons on the trunk. These latter are frequently: so close to each other as to give the infested tree an appearance of having been whitewashed. There are probably three generations of this destructive species in New York State. The young winter upon the trunk, beginning activities with the approach of warm weather, the second brood hatches in June and the third in August. The best method of controlling this species is in all probability by thorough spraying with a whale oil soap solution or a kerosene emulsion when the minute, yellowish young are crawling in abundance upon the leaves. This can be easily determined by a little observation. Whale oil 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM soap, used at the rate of I pound to 6 or 7 gallons of water, or the standard kerosene emulsion, diluted with nine parts of water, should be effective if thoroughly applied. A wash composed of 3 gallons of water, § pound of hellebore and one teaspoonful of carbolic acid, applied to the infested portions of the tree with a whitewash brush in early spring, has been found very effectual in Illinois. It would not be surprising if a thorough application of a lime-sulfur wash in early spring would be equally valuable in checking this pest. Juniper scale (Diaspis carueli Targ. Tozzi scale has been brought to notice several times on account of its occurring upon juniper in various localities in New York State. Mr John Dunbar, assistant superintendent of the park, Rochester, N. Y., writing under date of April 16, 1906, transmitted specimens of this scale and stated that it was becoming a menace to the juniper, Juniperus virginiana glauca, and also occurred on Pinus aristata, the latter being a new food plant for this species. Subsequent observations by Mr. Dunbar showed that this insect began breeding in Rochester early in June, and that thorough spraying at this time with a 54 solution of scalecide was very effectual in checking the pest. This scale insect was noticed in 1880 by Professor Comstock, who recorded it at that time as very common in Washington where it occurred on the following species of juniper and arbor-vitae: Juniperus chinensis, de figida, J, oxycedrus =) ipo J Com munis, J.) reresii, Biola “o.rwe neta Thuya occidentalis. Messrs Riley and Howard re corded this species in 1895 from Jamaica Plain, Mass., where it occurred on Juniperus sphaerica, brought over from Germany some four or five years before. Elm bark louse (Gossyparia spuria Mod.). This species has been quite destructive to elms, particularly the Scotch elm, in recent years. It is rather abundant and appears to be gener- ally distributed throughout the city of Troy, N. Y. The females had attained their maximum development early in July and the woolly matter excreted from the lateral pores made the insects rather conspicuous. This bark louse while preferring European elms is also somewhat abundant on American elms, though hardly sO injurious to the latter. Forest insects White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck). The blighting work of this weevil on pine is well known, though full REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 59 details regarding its life history are still wanting. These insects were rather abundant on hard pine at Nassau, N. Y. April 19, 1906, showing that the beetles appear very early in the spring. -Some were feeding, a few pairing, and it is probable that breeding begins early in the season and is continuous to a greater or less extent until late in the fall, though there may be somewhat larger numbers appearing in early spring and possibly another brood in midsummer. Pickoty tussock moth (Halisidota caryae. Harr.). The caterpillar of this moth is a very general feeder and specimens were received from the latter part of July to early in September, from localities in various parts of the State where the pest was devouring the foliage of a considerable variety of trees and shrubs. The depredations were in no instance exceptionally severe, and ordinarily repressive measures are not necessary. ‘This leaf feeder is best controlled, when advisable, by timely applications of arsent- cal poisons. Black walnut worm (Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob.). Specimens of this caterpillar were received during the last of July and throughout August, from different sections of the State. It is a more or less common species upon black walnut and butternut, occasionally becoming so abundant as to defoliate entire trees or groups of trees. It is possible to destroy many of the insects by cutting off infested branches while the caterpillars are still young and crushing them, or if the trees be of sufficient value, it is amen- able to arsenical sprays. Unfortunately these applications are not, as a rule, practical in the case of large trees. Witch-hazel cone gall (Hormaphis hamamelidis Fitch). The peculiar gall of this plant louse is ordinarily somewhat rare in the vicinity of Albany. The latter part of July and August it was seen that many of the witch-hazel clumps were badly infested with the galls of this species. They were so abundant on some shoots as to seriously injure and almost destroy the foliage. It was not at. all difficult to find five to seven galls upon a single leaf and in some instances 20 to 25 could be counted. Miscellaneous Riolet call midge (Contarinia wiolicola’: Coq). This insect is undoubtedly a very serious pest of the extensive violet- growing industry in and about Rhinebeck. There must be close to $500,000 invested in this business and the gross annual income 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM therefrom is very probably an equal amount. A number of green- houses were visited in October 1906, and several of them showed serious injury as a result of the work of this pest. The crop, according to estimates of growers, is reduced in many houses from one third to one half, involving a considerable loss in the aggregate, and should this infestation become more general, the results may be very serious to the industry as a whole. An examination showed that the insect was distinctly local in its operations, since one half of a house 150 feet long might be seriously injured, while the other half was almost exempt from at- tack. Even in smaller houses there were distinct areas which suffered more severely than others, sometimes these being limited to only a square yard or two. The larvae at the time of our investigation had mostly disappeared, though in the Rockefeller house they were rather abundant. ‘This is probably to be explained by the fact that the proprietors have allowed the temperature of their houses to remain rather high in the last few weeks, hoping to enable the plants in a measure to outgrow the injury earlier inflicted. The growers are almost unanimous in stating that when the temperature of a house can be kept down to 4o at night, not rising over 60 in the daytime, there is very little or no injury from this pest, and examination of other houses where this low temperature had been maintained, bore out their statements. The flies, according to the growers, very rarely leave the plants and can be discovered only by flushing them with the hand. An examination showed, even in houses where there were flies on the plants and numerous larvae, that none were to be found on the windows, even in the sheds at the ends of the houses nor in cobwebs spun here and there about the structure. The insect displays a marked preference for recently opened leaves, apparently depositing its eggs in those which have just expanded fully and, according to the growers, leaves perfectly straight one day may be badly curled the next. They note that leaves can be curled in a few hours and are of the opinion that only a day or so lapses between the deposit of the egg and the curling of the leaves, an operation which protects the larva from most insecticides. Furthermore, several of them state that fumiga- tion with hydrocyanic acid gas apparently has no influence whatso- ever in destroying the larvae, though there is little doubt but that the flies are killed. There is a marked periodicity in the abundance of the larvae. Last summer they were first noticed in numbers early in July and then they became abundant again in August, and experience this year has shown that they may continue working in REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 61 numbers even as late as the latter part of October. A number of infested leaves, portions of plants, were received October Io, through Mr Haines, from Rhinebeck. They were placed on soil the 12th and at that time no pupae were manifest. The first adults appeared on the 22d, others emerged subsequently to the 26th, when about four were bred out: Another individual was obtained November 3 and lived to the 5th at least. Owing to the fact that the plants could not be well cared for, it is probable that the period of the appearance of the flies was somewhat abridged by the unnatural conditions. The data above shows that not over 10 days are necessary from the time the larvae forsakes the plant till the appear-_ ance of the perfect fly and it may possibly be a little less. No pupae were observed on the leaves and there is no doubt but that the insect normally undergoes its final transformations in the soil. — Remedies. ‘The parent fly appears to be closely limited to the piants about which it breeds and apparently very local in habit. This leads us to suggest that it would be advisable to take every precaution to. avoid the introduction of thf pest with newly set _ plants, since a little effort along this line would result in com- parative immunity during most of the season. Another important factor in checking this insect appears to be keeping the temperature as low as possible in the early fall. The injuries were much more marked, for example, in certain houses where there was an attempt made to hasten the growth of the plants by- keeping them warmer than usual, than in other houses where there was no effort made to force the plants. The experience of violet growers apparently indicates that fumi- gation with hydrocyanic acid gas is of comparatively little service in checking this pest. This is probably to be explained by the fact that they have been unable to give this treatment at a time when a majority of the flies were abroad and before a considerable pro- portion of the eggs had been deposited. It is presumably true that this powerful insecticide is of comparatively little value in killing the larvae, though it should be most effective in destroying the flies. Evidence at hand indicates a marked periodicity in the appearance of this insect and it is probable that a little observation would result in securing data which would enable a grower to fumigate at a period when most beneficial results could be obtained. Pemodical cicada (fibicen septendecim Linn.). This insect, on account of its large size and its appearance in hosts at long intervals in different localities, is of great popular interest. 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Six broods are known to occur in New York State, the one appear- ing the present season being designated by Dr Marlatt as brood 8. It is the one known as number 6 of Messrs Walsh and Riley, and was confused by Dr Fitch in 1855 with a 13 year brood, which occurs to the south. This species has been recorded from two coun- ties in Massachusetts, it is listed from Long Island and occurs in several places in northern New Jersey and in central Pennsylvania. No detailed records, so far as we have been able to find, have been made of the occurrence of this brood in New York State, and this opportunity is taken to place on record certain facts concerning its distribution, which have been ascertained during the past summer. This brood appears to be limited very largely to a section of Suffolk county west of Riverhead and occurring, so far as we know, in a very few localities in the eastern part of Queens county. The list of localities compiled from various correspondents is as follows: Wading River, Port Jefferson, Saint James, Farmingville, Coram, on the road from Port Jefferson to Patchogue, Manorville, East- port, East Moriches, Center Moriches, Commack, Brentwood, Cold Spring Harbor, Laurelton, Huntington, Oyster Bay, East Norwich and Syosset. There is also a record of its presence in very limited numbers on Staten Island. There ts a bare possibility that this brood also exists in the Hudson river valley, though we are inclined to believe that the record given below is based upon a mistaken identity in the species or else that they may refer to stragglers from brood 12, due to appear next in 1911. Mr H. D. Lewis of Annandale, N. Y. who resides in one of the strongholds of this latter brood, states that this summer he observed several pupal cases, which he is quite confident are those of the periodical cicada, though we would not be surprised if he had mistaken therefor those of the harvest fly, Tibicen tibicen Linn., an insect which appears later in the season and at the time when the pupal cases were observed by Mr Lewis. This species is such a unique form among insects that consider- able interest has been aroused in regard to the possibility of its eventually being exterminated with the advance of civilization. The somewhat detailed records as to the abundance of this species in the various localities mentioned above, may prove of some service in determining this question in later years. The Brooklyn Daily Times of June 29 stated that periodical cicadas were present in large numbers at Wading River in the woodlands to. the north of the Long Island Railroad experimental farm, The same paper, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 63 under the same date, stated that a party of Wading River people, who drove from that place through Coram to Patchogue, reported that great numbers of this insect were crushed in the wheel ruts. The underbrush and low trees were literally covered with cicadas to such an extent that “it was like grasshopper days out in the prairies; the buzzing was deafening, one actually could not walk along the ground without stepping on them.” The Port Jefferson Echo recorded the appearance of cicadas in the vicinity of that village. These insects were reported by the same paper as being very abundant at Saint James, and Mr George T. Lyman informed me that they were present at Farmingville in the middle of the island. Mr G. W. Raynor of Manorville, in the center of the island, stated that these insects were abundant in that vicinity. The New York Tribune of June 5 stated that cicadas were very abundant about Eastport, and that millions of them were filling the woods north of the village with their song. ‘“ The pests are said to be more numerous than at any time since 1864, and in some places they darken the air, hiding the sun. Persons driving along the woodland roads have their horses and carriages covered with clouds of the insects. In some localities they are so thick that men have had to stop work.” The Brooklyn Times of June 6 stated that large numbers of the 17 year locust were seen in the woods north of East Moriches. The insect was also reported in large numbers from Center Moriches by Mr H. D. Smith. The Brooklyn Times of June 21 reports having received specimens of this brood from F. E. Nichols of Brentwood. There is a considerable area in the vicinity of Oyster Bay infested by this brood. The Enterprise of June 16 of East Moriches stated that these insects were drumming incessantly in East Pine Hollow woods and added that 34 years ago they appeared in the woods on the farm of Mr D. V. Horton and 17 years ago there were less of them than formerly. Through the enthusiastic cooperation of Mr F. E. Lutz, connected with the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, we are enabled to present some detailed notes respecting the oecurrence Ot this insect in that vicinity. There is a colony near Cold Spring Harbor at Laurelton, which does ‘not extend west quite to Brookville. Another colony has its center near East Moriches, stragglers from this joining with the Laurelton infestation. About a mile south of Commack Mr Lutz found a pupal skin, and a few feet away, the battered remains of an adult. Careful searching failed to reveal others and none were heard. 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM A half mile farther south he found another cicada, and shortly thereafter got into the scrub oak region where the insects were very common. He did not consider them abundant, though collecting was easy and males could be heard in one direction or another nearly all the time. This colony extends to the improved part of the village of Brentwood. The colony at Cold Spring Harbor occurs on the Alton and Miami stony loam. It appears to have very definite boundaries, which do not coincide with anything in plants, soil or physiography so far as could be determined. Respect- ing the occurrence of this brood on Staten Island, Mr William T. Davis states that in April he received a pupa found under a stone by a friend. Later in the season, namely on June 10, he heard a periodical cicada call in a tree at Richmond valley; it did not cing long and consequently he was unable to capture it. Seventeen years ago a pupa skin of this brood was recorded from Staten Island. This brood, as far as we can ascertain, does not occur on Long Island east of Eastport. There were no signs of its presence at Westhampton, and Mr F. A. Sirrine of Riverhead and J. W. Hand of Easthampton both reported no evidences of this insect in either locality. Furthermore, the cicada could hardly have been abundant on the eastern end of the island or some notice of its presence would have appeared in local papers. It may be interesting, in this connection, to give some recent notes on brood 12, the largest occurring in New York State. It was exceedingly abundant at Annandale in 1896, and in examining an orchard October 9, 1906, several apple limbs -were observed which showed plainly the scars made by this insect a decade ago. Many of them were nearly healed over, just an irregular crevice being the only external indication of the injury, while in a few instances the wound had been so severe that healing was not prompt, and as a result there is at the present time a considerable area of decayed wood with the oviposition scars in the center. The tissues growing around these wounded dead areas have enlarged the diameter of the branch considerably in one direction, and in not a few cases the limbs break off at these points of greatest injury. Mr H. D. Lewis, proprietor of the orchard states that the cicadas are so abundant in that section as to kill five year old trees and as a consequence he does not dare to set out young trees for some years previous to the time when a brood is due. He found during the previous appearance that rolling and harrowing the ground when the insects were emerging, resulted in destroying thousands. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 65 He observed a decade ago a marked difference between localities cultivated as described above and other places where no attempt had been made to check the insects. So many were killed that he pro- poses to adopt this measure on the next appearance of this brood, in the hope of largely reducing the injury to his fruit trees. He is of the opinion that the adults are rather local, remaining as a rule near the place of emergence and rarely wandering away to a greater distance than 4 mile. Preventive measures. There is no very practical method of Breveting imjury by this insect, aside from refraining from setting trees a few years before a large brood is due in a locality. This caution is timely in respect to brood 12, due to appear in por- tions of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam, Richmond, Rensselaer, Rockland, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington and Westchester counties and on Long Island in 1911. We would not advise the setting of young trees in localities badly infested by this brood, after the spring of 1907, and in certain situations where the insect is exceptionally abundant, it will be wise to refrain from setting out any more fruit trees till after the appearance of the brood. Something may be accomplished, as detailed above, by timely cul- tivation and rolling, though tt is obvious that these measures can be advised only where there is liability of considerable injury to fruit trees, or where conditions are such that comparatively little addi- tional expense is involved, owing to the fact that there is need of cultivating the ground about the time the insects appear. More valuable young trees and shrubbery can be protected from injuries by inclosing them with netting, preferably the ordinary mosquito netting, during the time the adults are abroad. This measure is obviously limited in its application to smaller trees and shrubs, and, as a rule, will be adopted only to protect the more valuable ornamentals. Pein rTARY ENTOMOLOGICAL SERVICE -OF NEW YORK Sia Bi Owing to a variety of causes the number of voluntary observers communicating with the office has been exceptionally small. This is due in part to relatively few important insect depredations, to a loss of interest on the part of some, and to the fact that other matters in the office prevented giving this branch of the work more attention than was absolutely necessary. It will be observed, how- 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ever, that we have reports from typical localities in the Hudson river valley as well as the central and western portions of the State and that these accounts deal with the more destructive insect pests. There is decided advantage in having such correspondents in various parts of the State, even though they may not make exhaustive reports, since they are usually available should any emergency arise, and this is of considerable importance when the army worm or some other equally destructive insect is abundant. Cattaraugus county [C. E. Eldredge, Leon] — The somewhat fare larva. of the carpet fy. (Scenopinus femmes tems Linn.) was observed in some numbers under carpets—May 2. The silver fish (Thermobia fturnorum Prov.) was temmanee woolen cloth which had been eaten by it or some other insect.— July 11 [F. A. Fitch, Randolph]— Cabbage butterflies (Pontia ra- pae Linn.) have appeared in small numbers. Tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) are scarce— May 21 Horn fles (Haematobia serrata ‘Rob -Desyijemed become quite troublesome and cabbage worms are now abundant and injurious—Aug. 8. The black walnut worm (Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob.) was very abundant in this section and has defoliated a number of trees. The fall webworm (Hy- phantria textor Harr.) is also somewhat injurious.— Aug. 24 : Dutchess county [Henry D. Lewis, Annandale] — Oyster scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi. Linn) ~ and) scutigeoee (Chionaspis furfura Fitch) continue abundant and rather destructive, particularly on young trees. The San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.) is well established and injurious in the vicinity of Germantown—May 14. The bud moth (Tmetocera ocellana Schiff.) is moderately numer- ous and green apple aphids appeared the past week. Cutworms are quite numerous and the small cucumber flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris Harr.) is abundant. Rose beetles (Macrodac- tylus subspinosus “Fabr.) and cutworms are very jpre. valent— May 26. Potato beetles (Doryphora decim- lineata Say) have become quite numerous the past week and the same is true of the striped squash beetle (Diabrotica vittata Fabr.) and the cucumber flea beetle (Ei pi1trix cu. cumeris Harr.). Scurfy and oyster scale continue abundant.— June 9. Aphids have been quite numerous in this immediate sec- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 67 tion, though not so abundant as last year. Currant worms (Pter- onus ribesii Scop.) appeared later than usual and in con- siderable numbers. Potato beetles are more abundant than for several years, possibly due to neglect in poisoning the vines, owing to the relative scarcity of the pest during the last two years. The feeeer ine elim icat beetle (Galerucella luteola Mull.) is apparent though not very marked — July 3 Genesee county [J. F. Rose, South Byron]— Asparagus Meee (erio0certis asparagi Linn.) appeared May 15, pouto beetles (Doryphora decim-lineata Say) the 18th. meetreat caterpillars (Malacosoma americana. Fabr.) have been observed. Aphids are abundant on roses.— May 2. Cabbage maggots (Phorbia brassicae Bouché) are at work as usual; we have found that a couple of moth balls placed next to each plant when set, is an excellent protective. Asparagus beeties are very abundant and striped cucumber beetles (Diabro- tica vittata Fabr.) are numerous—— May 11. Asparagus beetles are more abundant than usual and a cabbage butterfly (Pontia rapae Linn.) was observed May 23.—May 28 Two nests of fall webworms (Hyphantria textor Harr.) were Observed July 9. Potato beetles (Doryphora decim- Mineata Say) have been rarer than in many years. Only one squash bug (Anasa tristis DeG.) has been observed. Cabbage worms ‘are present in smaller numbers.— July 17 Herkimer county [George S. Graves, Newport] — Tent cater- Meese’) alacosoma americana Fabr.) were first observed May 17 and a few nests were seen the following day.— May 25. Currant worms (Pteronus ribesii Scop.) were _ half grown June 3. No potato beetles (Doryphora decim- lineata Say) have been observed. Horn flies (Haematobia serrata Rob.-Desv.) are quite abundant on cattle— June 5. These latter insects are reported by farmers as being generally abundant and very annoying to cattle. Cabbage worms (Pontia rapae Linn.) were rather numerous in early cabbage — July 31. Fall webworms (H yphantria textor Harr.) were observed onaplum. The black walnut worm (Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob.) has been very destructive to black walnut, defoliating many trees. Very few potatoes in gardens next to sod ground have been affected by wireworms.— Aug. 15. Yellow-necked apple worms (Datana ministra Walk.) are full grown and have caused considerable injury to the foliage. Horn flies continue 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM abundant and grasshoppers are numerous though they have not caused much injury.— ug. 28 : Suffolk county [F. E. Lutz, Cold Spring Harbor] — Cabbage ~ butterflies (Pontia rapae Linn.) were first observed April 14. 9 The brown and black woolly bear (Isia isabella Abb. & Sm.) [| has been observed crawling every month during the winter— 4 Apr. ro. Adults of the green striped grasshopper (Chortomge phaga viridifasciata DeG.) were observed May 2. The form infuscata appears to be relatively more abundant than usual. This is more southern than the green variety. Possibly the ~ warm weather had something to do with this though it is doubtful. 7 — May 9. The dark-sided cut worm (Paragrotis messor 1a Harr.) has been quite abundant and destructive, in particular to . evening primroses. The periodical cicada (Tibicen septen-— decim Linn.) has appeared in this section—— May 30 Warren county [C. L. Williams, Glens Falls] — Cutworms 9 have been very abundant and tent caterpillars (Malacosoma_ americana Fabr.) more numerous than for several years past. — The larder beetie (Dermestes lardarius Linn.) has been 4 somewhat plentiful about houses— June 3 | Westchester county [Frank R. Calkins, Ossining] — The elm ieaf beetle (Galerucella luteola Mill.) has been more de- structive than in any previous year, owing to the utter lack of repressive measures. ‘‘ Nearly every tree in town has been com-— pletely defoliated and now the second crop of leaves has been attacked and is nearly eaten by the young larvae.”— July 30 | Wyoming county [W. H. Roeper, Wyoming] — The first tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americana Fabr.) were ob- served May 12, though not in large numbers. The wheat sawfly (Cephus occidentalis Riley & Marl.) has been inflicting considerable injury. The codling moth (Carpocapsa pomo 4 nella Linn.) has been rather abundant on apples, and canker worms are causing a great deal of injury.— June II | | LIST-OF PUBLIGATIONS;, OF The ENTOMOLOGIST The following is a list of the principal publications of the Ento- mologist during the year 1906. Seventy-four are given with the title,’ place, time of publication and a summary of the contents of 2Titles are given as published, and in some instances they have been changed or supplied by the editors of the various papers. - } REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 69 each. Volume and page number are separated by a colon, the first superior figure gives the column and the second the exact place in the column in ninths: e. g. 70:956°® means volume 70, page 956, column 3, in the sixth ninth, i. e. about two thirds of the way down. Oyster Scale. Country Gentleman, Oct. 19, 1905, 70:956°6 Brief economic notice of the oyster scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. Wie Moth Situation. Country Gentleman, Oct. 19, 1905, 70 :962*!-638 Brief summary of conditions in eastern Massachusetts, with special refer- ence to the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn. and the brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn. with a discussion of repres- sive measures. Mosquitos and Nature Study. N. Y. S. E. D. Science Division Folder, p. 1-8. Issued Oct. 20, 1905. The importance of these insects and their availability ie nature study is pointed out. 20th Report of the State Entomologist 1904. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 97, Entomology 24, p.357-597, pl. 19 Advance copies issued Oct. 30, 1905. Contents PAGE PAGE MifeEOOMCHOIN... cls. cectensececs 359 | List of publications of the En- General entomologic features. 359 FOMOLOGISL Loosen ae eet ee 418 POCO WIOTIC oe cicic ose s waicts ase s 359 | Contributions to collection ..... 426 Special investigations ........ 360 | Appendix: Insect exhibit at the ete MOIS= cs a's tenn, ce acs vs 361 Louisiana Purchase Exposi- @ollections.of insects....-..... 361 ilo) | are UN Umer tiie RG Ait: 431 Ninsery certificates’. ......... 302 studies jaigae and July 16; Troy Standard, July 10 Urges the adoption of remedial measures against the white marked tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm. and elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mill. The Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 103, Entomology 25. 1906. Issued July 14, p. 1-20, pl. I-10. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 75 Contents PAGE PAGE MEO CUICTOIN < sce waco oe 2 oe ecw eee 5 |) Browi.tail moth, Si pr oe tis Gipsy moth, Porthetria Chiry Si owermore a) Wanna. 14 Spisporaet ey MA. oo 7 Destructiveness;sasan eee: 14 WDESHRUCTIVENESS, ...56-5 64.055. 7 Distt ution. ott eva s a apsion teat 15 Danger of spreading into New Description? 245 snot ane eee 16 Ore Oe Ol tse. ees es bole a 8 Rite history: ence eee, 17 WDESEHIPEIOMs 26. cs.6.-s. les ve 9 Hoody plants.cass haan eereee 18 Ieistory in America .......... IO Irritation caused by the hairs. 18 LAG IN Ciels (as SEL Natiralvenemires, asses ne ere 18 OOM PIANTS, ¢ i sles ee es re ores (7 Remedial measures. 22.2. 252 19 Natural enemies.............. 12 Biblioeraphy ess. sss- Sab A 20 iecomlnendations,....<.52.).. 12 | Explanation of platess. 72> ss... 21 OSTA... 02. ce es oe i v's BA) Lines Ie ats aie ee areca eee 4I The Moth Situation. Country Gentleman, July 19, 1906, 71 :6814 Summary account of the work against the gipsy moth, Porthétria dispar Linn. and the brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn. in the vicinity of Boston, Mass. Grape Root Worm. Grape Belt (Dunkirk, N. Y.) July 24, 1906, p.5; Jamestown Journal, July 25 Summary of present conditions. Serious injury is anticipated in some of the vineyards most infested by Fidia viticida Walsh and good cul- ture is urged. New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, July 26, 1906, moo, > New York Farmer, July 26, p.4 Summary of reports. Ants in Lawn. Suburban Life, Aug. 1906, 3:90” Carbon bisulfid treatment recommended. Currant Aphids: Suburban Life, Aug. 1906, 3 :90* Spraying with contact insecticides advised for currant aphids, Myzus Gerast Fabr. Albany’s Trees. Albany Evening Journal, July 26, 1906, p.12 Summarized account of the local injuries by the elm leaf beetle, Galeru-- cella luteola Mull. and the white marked tussock moth, Hemero- campa leucostigma Abb. & Sm. with discussion of control methods. The employment of a forester is advocated. Save the Trees. Mechanicville Mercury, July 28, 1906 A brief notice calling attention to the work of the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mull. and urging concerted action for its suppression. Cornstalk Borers. Country Gentleman, Aug. 2, 1906, 71 :714°° Crambids, Crambus sp.; stalk borer, Papaipema nitela. Guen. and billbugs, Sphenosphorus sp. are briefly discussed as_ possible authors of the mischief. 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cucumber Insects. Country Gentleman, Aug. 2, 1906, 71 :715°7 Remedial measures are given for cutworms and the striped cucumber beetle -Ditabroticalvrttata evap New York Entomologic Service. Country Gentleman, Aug. 2, 1906, 7 j22"; New York Parmer, Aug 2, pc Summary of conditions. As to the Gipsy Moth. Providence (R. I.) Journal, Aug. 4, 1906 Statements respecting the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn. and observations on the necessity of protecting trees from insect pests. Albany Argus, Aug. 8, 1906 A brief statement emphasizing the value of individual action against the white marked tussock moth Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm. and the elm leaf beetle, Galerucellaluteola Mull. Tulip Tree Scale.” Country Gentleman, Aug. 16, 1906, 71:754® Eulecanium tulipiferae Cook is described and repressive meas- Protecting the City’s Shade Trees. ures advised. Currant Aphis-Asparagus. Country Gentleman, Aug. 23, 1906, SiS Remedies for currant aphis, Myzus cerasi Fabr. are briefly discussed. Squash and Cucumber Pests. Country Gentleman, Aug. 30, 1906, 7800.7 Brief economic accounts of the squash borer, Melittia saty riage formis’ Hibn. and the striped cucumber beetle, Diabrotica vittata Fabr. Protect the Birds. Cattaraugus Republican, Aug. 31, 1906 A brief plea for the protection of birds as one of the best methods of controlling certain destructive forest insects. 21st Report of the State Entomologist 1905. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 104, Entomology 26, p.47-186, 48 fig. Io pl. Issued Sept. 4, 1900. Contents PAGE Introductionye see se teen 49 General entomologic features. 49 San’ Jose scalexss2 pees 50 Bistonicalic: 2. Grape root My Onin. 2. Meee 50 Gipsy and brown tail moths... 50 | Injurious insects Shade and forest tree insects. 51 Mosquitos ..°..-...ueie ee 51 Aquatic ansectse. scone eee 2 Publications: “eee eee 53 Collections=.. 2-7. eee 5A Oitice work 2/57 uo eee Bd Miscellaneous Nittsery Certificates ... 480.80" Voluntary ObServers: 2.52. © 0 e elua te © © © © es ee Acknowledgments . .......... Notes: for the wear. 2... eee Firttitrisee. insects cm. ee: ee Grass and grain insects!.:.... Shademtree ainmsects:...5 aa. e.shee ore ee ere eee ewes oS. oe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 ZZ PAGE PAGE The shade tree problem in New Species acquired through ex- OLS Sig... haan 105 CHUAN U Ne a say aU EL eos 148 Miosatito. control ..i........... 10g | Contributions to collection...... I51 Studies in Cecidomyiidae....... 116 | Explanation of plates..... ee 167, immmaty cotomologic service.. 132 | Index « .2 2... ces cea cece eee’ E77 List of publications of the Ento- LCoS 142 The Shade Tree Problem in New York State. Reprint from N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 104, 21st State Entomologist Rep’t 1905. 1906. p.105-9, 2 pl. A plea for the better protection of shade trees. Mosquito Control. Reprint from N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 104, 21st State Entomologist Rep’t 1905. 1906. p.109-16, 8 pl. A suminary account of mosquitos with a discussion of control methods. Oyster Scale. Country Gentleman, Sept. 20, 1906, 71 :8727" ‘Brief economic notice of the oyster scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. Black Flea Beetle. Country Gentleman, Sept. 20, 1906, 71 :872*° Remedial measures are given for the black flea beetle, Epitrix Smiemwmeris Harr. Horticultural Diseases and Pests. N. Y. State Lib. Bul. 29e. 1909. D-77-79 Issued Sept. 24. Review and summary of legislation for 1905. Mere. tor 1905 from New York. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Bur. Ent. Bul. 60, 1906, p.89-g0 Brief observations are given on the following species: Webworms, Grambus vulgivagellus Clem; army worm, Heliophila uni- puncta Haw.; codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.; apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh; rose beetle, Macrodac- mawtsestbspinosus Habr.; scurfy scale, Chionaspis furfura Mite@, stape root worm, Fidia viticida Walsh; spittle insects, Philaenus lineatus Linn. and P. spumaria Linn.; white marked tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm; fall web- mom Hyphantria textor Harr.; elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miull.; elm case-bearer, Coleophora limosipennella Mips, talse maple scale, Phenacoccus acéricola King; woolly maple leaf aphid, Pemphigus acerifolii Riley and the green- neaded horsefly, Tabanus iineola Fabr. Experiments with Insecticides on the San José Scale. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Bur. Ent. Bul. 60, 1906, p.137—-38 Experiments with lime-sulfur washes and the so called K-L mixtures are briefly summarized as being decidedly in favor of the lime-sulfur washes for work against Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM San José Scale. Country Gentleman, Oct. 4, 1906, 71-921 Thorough spraying with a lime-sulfur wash, preceded by pruning, is advised for San José scale, Aspidiotus pernicrosus Comst. Pear Blister Mite. Country Gentleman, October 11, 1906, 71 :944°° Remedial measures are given for the pear blister mite, Eriophyes pyri Nal. CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLLECTION OCT. 16; 19o053a@ae 13, 1900 The following list of acquisitions is limited mostly to species of importance, either on account of their relative scarcity or because of their injurious nature, since it was deemed inadvisable to include in this list a number of very common forms received yearly and accompanied by no data of special value. DONATION Hymenoptera Bembex pallidipicta Sm, cocoons, Sept. 11, J. B. Woodworth, Hort Edward-yNieye Cratotechus sp. adults, Aug. 20, Miss S. J. Russell, Blue Point, Tes cle INE Ne Aulax glechomae Htg., galls on Gle eh oma ntemdiem ares Minn, June 20, Ss. H. Burnham, Albany, Noa Neuroterus batatus Fitch, oak potato gall, gall on white oak, Sept. 15, 5. B. Burnham, SE.) BastonmriiicnsN: Andricus lana. Fitch, oak wool gall; June 4, F. BE. EutzGarm Spring, Harbor. We. NieNe A. petiolicola Bass., oak leaf stalk gall, June 4, F. E. Lutz, Cold Spring Harbor ial. IN A. seminator Hatr., wool sower, June 4, F. E. Lutz, Cold sprme Eanbor duct. eNe aye. A. singularis Bass., oak leaf apple, June 4, F. E. Lutz, Cola Speine selagbor leans Nene Amphibolips confluentus Harr., large oak apple, June FF. EE. Lutz, Cold Spring, Harboe kale Nee A. 4licifoliae Bass. black scrub oak gall) June 4 BF. Pe eeuee Cold Spring Harbor, NE Ye Harpiphorus tarsatus- Say, larvae on, Cornus! Sept oe Silliman, Old Chatham, N. Y. Pontania pomum Walsh, willow apple gall, gall on heart-leaved willow, Sept. 15, S. H. Burnham, S. E. Easton Hills, N. Y. Kaliosysphinga ulmi Sund., elm leaf miner, larva on Camper- down or weeping elm, June 10, Barton C. Meays, Baldwinsville, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906’ 79 Coleoptera Peomicus balsamets Lec., balsam bark borer, adult, June 22, E. P. VanDuzee, Buffalo, N. Y. Meendia —oranearia Linn, grain weevil, adults, Oct. 19, J. JJ. Barden, Stanley, N. Y. Systena hudsonias Frost, black headed flea beetle, adult on grape, July 30, Will E. Skinner, Portland, N. Y. Galerucella luteola Miull., elm leaf beetle, larvae on elm, July 9g, A. R. Wing, Fort Edward, N. Y. Baperda candida Fabr., round headed appletree borer, adults and larvae on apple, June 190, T. F. Niles, Chatham, N. Y. Phymatodes amoenus Say, grapevine Phymatodes on grape- vine, Mar. 19, P. L. Huested, Blauvelt, N. Y. Eophoria inda Linn,, bumble flower beetle, adult, Aug. 20, A. M. Loomis, Dunkirk, N. Y. Same, Sept. 7, L. M. Olmsted, Jamestown, N. Y. Mererodactylis subspinosus Fabr., rose beetle, adtlts on grape, June 16, D. K. Falvay, Westfield, N. Y. PeaGToOpresiniis e€rcans Melsh., adult on pine, Sept. 10; Chauncey Posson, Albany, N. Y. (Boring in pine beam) Mywtiseus harrisii Kirby, margined water beetle, adult, Nov. 20, George L. Fredrick, Albany, N. Y. Diptera Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, apple maggot, larvae in apple, Sept. 5, C. W. Stuart, Newark, N. Y. Pecmopinis fLenestralis Linn. carpet. fly, larva, May 2, C. E. Eldredge, Leon, N. Y. Anopheles maculipennis Meig., malarial mosquito, male and female, July 14, C. S. Ludlow, Ft Logan, Ark. Peotiimetipennis say, Apr. 17, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Junction; N. Y. (Through Forest, Fish and Game Com’n) Swumecada cantator Coq, brown salt marsh mosquito, living larvae, May 18, John R. Lott, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sees olierians Walk. salt marsh mosquito, Aug. 13; H. C. Weeks, bayside, I. I. N: Y. Soliseta 2 bys-Oub tim us ‘Felt larvae, Aus. 2. Jao €.< Weeks, Paul Simith’s, N. Y. Culex pipiens Linn. house mosquito, larvae, pupae and adults, Dec 13, J. H. Ashworth, Edinburgh, Scotland. ©. restttans Theo., white spotted mosquito, adult, Sept. 12, J. G. Needham, Lake Michigan C.hassardii Gbhm, adults and larvae, July 2, M. Grabham, Jamaica, W. I. Semvenoannulatus Theo, adults (male and female), July 14, C. S. Ludlow, Washington, D. C. C. gelidus Theo., adults (female), July 14, C. S. Ludlow, Washing- pom. 1). C, Sree Omyia mediovittata Gog, adults and larvae, July 2, M. Grabham, Jamaica, W. I. 80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM S. arnesii Ludlow, adults (male and female), July 14, C. S. Ludlow, Washington, D. C. Mansonia uniformis Theo, adult, Nov. 14, Andrew Balfour, Khartoum, Africa. Wyeomyia smithii Coq, pitcher plant mosqiuto, lanyvacuem pitcher plant, May 7, L. H. Joutel, Lakehurst, N. J. Finlaya porcilia Theo, female, July 14, CS: Ludlow. iaeu. imgton, OMe: Mochlostyrax jamatcensis Gbhm., adults and lagyvac ane NE Grabham, Jamaica, Worl: Myzomyia thorntonii Ludlow, adult (female, cotype), July 14, C. S. Ludlow, Washington, D. C. Howardina aureostriata Gbhm. adults and larvae s)maeee M. Grabham, Jamaica, W. I. Eucorethra underwoodi Undw,, giant mosquito, larvae; Aug: 2. WeeC. Weeks. Paul Smiths New Corethrella appendiculata Gbhm., adults and laryacw me M. Grabham, Jamaica, W. I. Contarinia violicola Coq, yiolet gall midge, laryvaecvontwieler Oct. 10) 1. Haines; Rhimebeck, | Nie Tipula sp., crane fly, Apr. 17, ©; R, Rettis; Saranac jiinctians ieee (Through Forest, Fish and Game Com’n) Lepidoptera Polygonia interrogationis Fabs hop merchant, laggiesen elm, July 29, Miss Louise E. Swartz, Dahlia, N. Y. satyrodes canthus Linn. adult, July 21, F. S. Dibb, Users INewaye Sphecodina abbotii Swainson, larvae on woodbine, Julyeem W. J. Guernsey, Albany, N. Y. Pholus-pandorus Hubn., adult, July 10, Wl S] Haminy Glen ville, N. Y. P. achemon Drury, larva, July to, A. G. Appleton, Albanya Nee Ampelophaga myron Cramer, grapevine sphinx, lanvassom grape, Aug. 21, Lee Richardson, Rome, N. Y. Phlegethontius. quinquemaculata Haw.) tomate worm adult, Sept. 13, N. Albert Sehoenbuch, Stapleton, New York, N. Y. Sphinx drupiferarum Abb. & Sm, adult, June 10, George S. Graves, Newport, N. Y. Smerinthus jamaicensis Drury, adult, July 18, Editer, Avon Herald) Avon, Ni Citheronia regalis Fabr., hickory horned devil, caterpillag Sept. 13, Alex More, Rockville Genter. lene Estigmene acraea Drury, larvae, Sept. 5, Charles Hosie, Fern- dale; INVYe Apatela americana Harris, larva on mmeple, Adc. 20 seer Russell, Blue Pome hea A. interrupta Guen., larvae, Aug. 28, M. W. VanDenburg, Mt Vernon, N. Y. ie REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 SI Arsilonche albovenosa Goeze, adult, June 10, George S. Graves, Newport, N. Y. faadena arctica Boisd., cutworm, adult, July 28, M. Gabriel, Mileses, N. Y. MenmrdtroOma margaritosa Haw., variezated cutworm, larvae, tiie 25. J.. M. Erwin, New Salem, N. Y. One light army worm, Eeenophila unipuncta Haw. Paragrotis messoria Harris, dark sided cutworm, larvae, May Pome. Lutz, Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. N. Y. Same, June 1; S. C. Martin, schenectady, N. Y: Weakest ra adjtncta Boisd., adult, May 21, F. A. Fitch; Ran- dolph, N. Y. 3 moma ipema nitela Guen., larvae, June 26, F. E. iutz, Cold sume Elarbor, L. I., N. Y. @arocala relicta Walk., moth, Sept. 20, C: N. Stevens, South Gilboa; N. Y. Gees o tian a Bailey, Aug. 13, Alice E. Bartlett, Delhi, N. Y. Eeemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm., white marked tus- sock moth, caterpillar, July 26, C. F. Van Horne, Glen, N. Y. Same laeva on maple, Aug. 2, HK. B. Frey, Palatine Bridge, N. Y. Same, female, Peete. ©. R. Pettis, Saranac Junction, N. Y. Paleacrita vernata Pack., spring cankerworm, larva on apple, June 4, L. Emmett Holt, New York city. EHarias insulana Boisd. eggs, larvae, adult’on cotton, Dec. 23, F. V. Theobald, Egypt, Africa. POiketicus abbotii Grote, southern bagworm on cyprus, Jan. 8, Hermann Von Schrenk, New Orleans, La. irr dopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., bagworm” ‘on cedar, Jan 8, Hermann Von Schrenk, New Orleans, La. Same, probably on mangrove near Palm Beach, Fla., Jan. 22, Hermann Von Schrenk, St Louis, Mo. Same, Apr. 3, L. V. Case, Tarrytown, N. Y. Same, cocoon and pupa, Sept. 7, Miss Helen Weston, West New Brighton, Staten Island, NY , Sipine stimulea Clem., saddle back caterpillar, larva, Aug. 16, Mekeel Bros., Yorktown Heights, N. Y. (Through Agricultural De- partment) Baclea delphinii Boisd., slug caterpillar, larvae, Sept 4, F. N. Beebe, Walton, N. Y. Geunera pytima Linn., leopard moth, larvaé.on maple; Sept. 7, Miss Helen Weston, West New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. Sesia pictipes Gr. & Rob, larvae on plum, June 15, F. P. Wilson, Schenectady, N. Y. ?>Thiodia, species on oak, May 24, L. H. Joutel, New York city. Eulia politana Haw., pine tube builder on white pine needles, jane to, Robert L. Stevens, Westbury, L: 1, N. Y. Mitarscia lineatella Zell, peach twig moth on cherry, Oct. 23, C. Kennedy, Coxsackie, N. Y. Bomtoaisca Ssplendoriferella ‘Clem.- resplendent shield bearer, work, Sept. 30, H. W. Covert, Waterford, N. Y. Crambus sp., grass webworms, larvae on corn, June 14, Lansing A. Dick, Germantown, N. Y. 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Corrodentia Psocus venosus Burm, Psocus or book louse, nymphs on maple, Aug. 1, F. P. Hochstrasser, Berne, N. Y. Same, adult on maple, Aug. 8, J. N. Wright, Grand Gorge, N. Y. Same, Aug. 13, J. M. Graeff, Westport, N.Y: Neuroptera Chrysopa sp. eggs on apple, Sept. 18, J. F. Rose, South Byron, Ney: Corydalis cornuta Linn, devil fly or horned corydalis, adult, July 14, G. G. Blakeslee, Rensselaer, N. Y. Chauliodes pectinicornis Linn; comb hormed fish fly. auc July: 28. Be Connally. “roy: WNe Ye Hemiptera Tibicen septendecim Linn, periodical cicada, adulm Wiaweee EF. E. ‘Lutz, Cold Spring Harbor, 1. 1..N.-Y:,. Same, adult; iimoeme HD: ‘Smith, ‘Centen Morrelies, il Nie Belostoma americanum Leidy., Apr. 19, Thomas Barry, Albany, NS Ne Phylloxera caryae-globuli, Walsh, June 4.758. oeepeeoes Cold’ Sprincs Harbor le. dle eNaeee schizoneura americana Riley, young and Sadults omer June 22, Julius G. Linsley, Oswego, N. Y. Callipterus ulmifolii Mon, elm leaf. aphis, work on elm July 24, Rev. G. H. Purdy, Warrensburg, N. Y. Chermaphis abietis iLmn., spruce gall aphid, calls iim James M. Andrews, Schenectady, N. Y. Aleyrodes betheli CklL MS. on Berberis, Sept 27.5 ioe Cockerell, Ouray, Col. Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark aphid, hatching youms on pine, May 20, C. R. Pettis, Saranac Junction, N. Y. Parlatoria proteus Curt: on Japanese orange, Jam 74 oe Anderson, Victoria, B. C. Chrysomphalus rossi Mask. Sept. 27, T.. D- A. Cockerans tegeban; bak Pseudaonidia duplex Ckll., on orange from Japan, Decora J. R. Anderson, Victoria, Be. Aspidiotus rapax Comst., greedy scale on California lemon, Jan. 4, J. R. Anderson, Victoria, B. C. A. perniciosus Comst., San José scale on Keffer pear; janeecs A. G. Wheeler jr, New York city. Same, on pear, Mar. 10, F. E. Goewey, East Greenbush, N. Y. Same, young on apple, Apr. 28, William H. Hart, Arlington, N. Y. Same, young, May 15, H. A. Van Fredenberg, Port Jervis, N. Y. Same, female on plum and apple, May 21, E. C. and F. M. Brooks, Athens, N. Y. Same, females on apple, May 26, J. A. Otterson, Maynard, Mass. Same, on osage orange, June 28, W. K. Post, Bayport, L. I., N. Y. Same, adults and young on pear, July 16, Alex- ander Sitcer, Valatie, N. Y. Same, adults and young on plum, July 25, Samuel T. Maynard, Northboro, Mass. Same, young and adults on apple, oe oo 2 ree ee ee ee ae Te ee ee ee ee ee a eee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 83 July 31, Henry Gorman, Huntington, N. Y. Same, young and adults on currant, Aug. 2, Mrs H. A. Sterling, Scotia, N. Y. Same, adults and young on pear, Aug. 4, A. V. Boak, Middletown, N. Y. Same, on cur- rant, Aug. 13, M. S. Wheeler, Berlin, Mass. Same, young and adults on crab apple, Oct. 3, I. Osgood Carleton, Yonkers, N. Y. A. hederae Vallot, white ivy scale, adults and young on ivy, Oct. 5, Henry G. Dorr, Boston, Mass. Same, Apr. 21, B. D. Van Buren, Lock- port, N. Y. A. ancylus Putn., adult on apple, Jan. 15, Reuben Moore, Chatham, Me Y. Peemrehionaspis minor? Mask.,on orange from Japan, Dec. 18, J. R. Anderson, Victoria, B. C. Aulacaspis rosae Bouché, rose scale on rose, Apr. 3, Fred Bostwick, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Same, on blackberry, Aug. 13, M. S. Wheeler, Berlin, Mass. Maas pis caryeli Targ., juniper scale, adult on Pinus aris= feeaeand Jiuniperinus virginiana, Apr. 16, John Dunbar, Rochester, N. Y. Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch, scurfy pine scale on Scotch pine needles, Jan. 10, Robert L. Stevens, Westbury, L. I., N. Y. Pmeccatiim tulipiferae Cook, tulip tree scale, adult on tulip, July 27, Herbert Mead, Lake Waccabuc, N. Y. Same, young and adults on tulip, Sept. 17, Miss F. E. Fellows, Norwich, Ct. E. nigrofasciatum Perg., black-banded scale on maple, Sept. 13, T. F. Niles, Chatham, N. Y. Meeceiws diversipes Ckll., on fern, Sept. 27, T. D. A. Cockerell, iucena, P. I. RPeewaophilippia quaintancia Ckll., woolly pine seale, adults on pitch pine, Nov. 20, H. A. Van Fredenberg, Port Jervis, N. Y. Pw wimaria innumerabilis Rathv., cottony maple scale, adults and young on Virginia creeper, July 3, Charles M. Pierce, Adams, NG Y Pate wacoeccus acericola King, false maple scale, adults and young on maple, July 24, New York Farmer (H. A. Van Fredenberg) Port Jervis, N. Y. Same, larvae on maple, Sept. 18, Edward F. Stud- well, Port Chester, N. Y. , Orthoptera Oecanthus niveus DeG, white flower cricket, eggs on grape, Apr. 30, F. A. Morehouse, Ripley, N. Y. famlhotalpa borealis Burm, ‘mole cricket adult, Oct. 8; William Williams, Milton, N. Y. Diapheromera femorata Say, walking stick, adult, Oct. 12, George L. Richards, Altamont, N. Y. meriplaneta attstralasiae Pabr, Australian -cockroach, nymph, June 7, Tilden Palmatier, Athens, N. Y. Thysanura Thermobia furnorum Prov., ‘fish moth, adult in woolen cloth, July 11, C. E. Eldredge, Leon, N. Y. 84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Miscellaneous A considerable number of insects of different orders were deter- mined for Mr Charles Alexander of Gloversville, N. Y., and some of the more desirable ones retained for the State collection. They are as follows: Carabus serratus Say Dermestes frischi Kug. Bembidium ustulatum Linn. Alaus myops Fab. Agabus seriatus Say Anthaxia aeneogaster Lap. Necrophorus americanus Oliv. Calloides nobilis Say Choleva terminans Lec. Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald. Philonthus umbrinus Grav. Stephanocleonus plumbeus Lec. Lathrobium punctulatum Lec. Atymna castanea Fitch Tachinus memnonius Grav. Neuronia pardalis Walk. Tachinus luridus Er. EXCHANGE From _E. 8. Tucker, Lawrence, Kan., in exchange for spue- lications : Ophion idoneum Vier, Bracon xanthost sera Cr, Melanobracon wlmiecola Vier. cra cli smeeeeee garis Cr, Calyptus rotundiceps Cr Alpi dolosa Vier. Nemigonia limosa Wheel, bas 1m seomeegerm Linn., var:americanus Emery, Pelecinus poly ttaaeom Dru... Pompilus relatinus Pox, lsedontia aaa Sauss...Tachytes spatulatus Fox 1. obscucwemee Sphecius speciosus Dim, Eusponegwus bip tu menage Say, Mellinus rufinodus Cr. Mim'eésa punctatamhor Stigmus tmordinadtus Fox, Epeolus occeidemtasmas Cr -Elisodon tt emma nalts Or Staphylinus maculosus Gray, Romaleu maser marium Dru. Myochrous denticollis Say, Maumee Cts cama di icoliais biel: Catocala junetina Walk, war. aspastavsure Ceratopogon squamipes.Coq, Scatopse, mous Loew., Allognosta fuscitarsis Say, Pabaniceaeme cifrons Macq, Xylomyia pallipes Loew., Deromaas ternata Loew., Erax stamineus Will, P silo p edema sipho Say, Dolichopus *biir act us) )Moew.) 1 ene prinus Wied. D, longipéanis Loew, BE urpas 'c lance Coq, Rhamphomyia nasoni Coq, Et peodes vale cris .0. S, “Alléoerapta oblique Say, ’@mc ona loraria Loew., Myiophasia aenea Wied. Siphopla- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 85 mage anoiala Town, Blepharipeza leucophrys fice, Paradidyma singularis: Town, Myiocera mmemides Wik. Sarcophaga helicis Towm, Morellia means Macq, Limnophora narona Walk. Phorbia memetella Pall, Coenosia lata Walk, Schoenomyza mensalis Loew. Sscatophaga furcata Say, Borborus Pemtmds Fall, Lonchaea polita Say, Pachycerina meerrosa Will, Pseudotephritis cribrum Loew., mmeaissta longipennis Wied., Urellia actinobola Meee Calobata antennipes Say, Nemopoda mi- meee Wied. EF lachiptera costata Loew., Oscinis cox- pes Fitch Drosophila graminum Fall. Phormia regina Meig. weptmelacna nitiduloides Wolff. Melanaethus Mec r sion. OCebalus pugnax Fabr.. Menecles in- mamemssoay, Catorhintha -mendica Stal. Anasa-ar- migera Saya drodena pulverulenta Uhl, Dyes meeaatii ot PF. Nabis ruiusculus Reut. Sinea rap- meee otal, Aeallia 4-punctata Prov., Deltocepha- Meeeeetelsheimeri abr, Dicraneura abnormis Waicm, Oncometopia costalis Fabr, Orthotylus flavosparsus Dhlb. Peeler obiius stigmaterus Fitch, Chrysopa, nig- meeonnds Burm, C. florabunda Fitch, Hydropsyche feemeemsis Bks, Hi. phalerata Hag, H. scalaris Hag. Savlopy2a orientalis Linn. pe ipetrim corruptum Hag. Chrysididae from A. Mocsary, Budapest, Hungary: mMacmecs pallipes Lep., Notozus: panzer: Wabr., Pim pus auratus Linn, E. auratus var. virescens Mees Bb. bogdanovii Rad., E. aeneus Fabr., Holopyga meee niula Dhib, H. amoenula var. pinctatissima Poe. aienea Dhib, H: curvata Forst, BH. sloriosa Piven Chrysonota: Forst. WH. rosea Rossi, Hedy - mem oetstaeckeri Cheve., H. nobile Scop., HW. ruti- hams Dhib., Stilbum cyanurum Forst. var. amethysti- moo. Chrysogona pumilaRl., Spintharis vagans PerGuryois austriaca Eabr;, ©. ‘cuprea Rossi, C. feomtoaWhib, C. elegans Lep;, CC. versicolor Spin., Meecawmsemrei- Cheve. C. succimcta Linn. C. leachii Piece. cyanea Linn, C. nitidula Fabr., C. viridula 86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Linn., C. ignita® Linn, Ce splendidnula> Rocce rutilans ‘Oliv., -C.. sentellaris sks | © oseut ciara var. ariadne Mocs, “C. inequalis -Dhibs. Gs seu parata Lep., C. *chloris Mocs, C. lyncea i. yar pene - ana -Mocs., C. sexdentata~ Chtist, CC. (B teh rocomes purpuratus F., Tarnopes grandior Tally (camamem Rossi). Culicidae received in exchange for publications Jan. 30, 1906, from Ebb. Crum, Lawrence, Kan.: Anopheles’ maculipennis ~ Meic.,- Pisoropaemee ciliata? Abr. young larva, Ecculex sylvestris ieee Culex restuans Theo. C.. territans Walk, © 2 “pamgeeee lis Coq. C. salinarius ? Coq, Grabhamia. dis tome Coq. G. jamaicensis Theo, Cultcada, ea mardi ame Theo. Diptera from Dr C. Kertesz, Hungary, Jan. 11, 1906: Tabanus tergestinus Ege, 1. sudetitcuspZclueee spodopterus Meio. T. rusticus Fabre, ©. quatre. hotatus Meg, T: @raecus) F.r, DT. -tiuly us Wem tropicu’s Linn, T. bromiwus linn., 1. boviniws line autumnalis Linn, T.auripilis Meio (var ate sme T..africus Meig, Culex “dorsalis Meio) (G2 tiwiezacms Meig., C. cantans Meig., C. ornatus Meigs. Co pate tarsis Rond., C.*modestws Ficl, C. pipiens] seen nulipes Meig¢., Aedes cinereus Mei, Ano pets are el 1p emis Wicien Tachinidae from Mario Bezzi, Italy, Nov. 27, 1905: Meigenia bisignata Meic., Dexodes machaeumas sisR. D, Hemimasicera terrugimea Meio.) Famers rista polychaeta, Blepharida vulgar1 Walle stridens. Bd, Perichaeta unicolor Fall, Miami praeceps Scop. Melanota volvulus Fabr., Aattieae comyia telanoptera Fall, Macquartia chalees nota Meig., M. dispar Fall, Thelaira leucozona Panz, Zophomyia temula Scop, Myobia ~inanis) Game Ocyptera bicolor Oliv, O. brassicaria abr Biase nellia picta Meig., Hirnestia comsobrina, ire Echinomyia grossa Linn, Eudoromyia magni cornis Zett. Plagia, ruralis Fall, Phasia~ crasem pennis Fabr. Brachycoma devia Fall, Rhinophora atramentaria Meig, Metopia leucocephala Ross, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 87 Merbestramma oestracea Fall, Dexiosoma cani- num Fabr. Insects purchased from Prof. F. H. Snow, Lawrence, Kan.: meyeloda alternata Say, Ceratopogon: argen- Beeman lw, C. pergandei Cog, C. specularis Cog, meepieles pseudopunctipennis Theo, Neogla- Meer optctra bivittata Say, Cecidomyia radiatae Peeve chrysops aestuans V. d. W., C. celer O.S., CG. memendis Wied, C. fugax O.S.,C. indus O.S., C. stri- meee. © ounivittatus Macq; Tabanus costalis weed, EF. lasiophthalmus Macq, T. melanocerus eee molestus Say, T. nivosus O.S. T. pumilus Meee. stygius Say, T. trimaculatus P. B., T.'ve- meses OS, .Humetopia rufipes Macq, Stenopa feemetata lw. Plagiotoma obliqua Say, Carpho- mefewa Culta Wied: NWeaspilota alba Lwy Lee meeremtata Lw. Urellia solaris Lw. Anelastes Heer Kins ischiodont ms. so lemnuius Peealyplhonyx recticollis Say, Corymbites hie- meeypuiicis Say, Pyrophorus physoderus Germ., Mme ysanius lautus Lec, Plastocerus schaumtii may torttrupes bajulus Linn, Sphaenothecus MumG@eains bec, Coenopoceus palmeri Lec, Lepto- Mars actuliferus Say, Mecas inornata Say, Ma- Seormeptis striatus Lec, Conotrachelus similis Eee cucophacatus Fah, Pityophthorus nitidu- meevann, Dendroctonus similisLec, Hylastes nig- mentee Vann, LLasioderm-a testaceum Dufit., Hemipty- mms sravis Lec, Sinoxylon simplex Horn, S- seri- Me@emmce = eS. -sextuberculatum Lec. Amphtcerus meets bec, A. punctipennis Lec, Polycaon obli- mma ec, ILyctus californicus Cr. EXCHANGE LIST A number of desirable forms have been added to the State col- lection by exchange with others interested in this branch of science. A preliminary exchange list was published in the report of this office for 1903. There have been extensive additions to our. collection since then, particularly in some’ groups, and it is therefore deemed desirable to prepare a revised list, which follows: 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bombus fervidus Fabr. B. ternarius Say B. terricola Kir. B. vagans Sm. Xylocopa virginica Dru. Ceratina dupla Say Megachile latimanus Say Nomada maculata Cress. Andrena vicina Sm. A. sayi Rob. A. flavocylpeata Sm. Agapostemon nigricornis Fabr. Halictus parallelus Say H. pilosus Sm. Colletes inequalis Say Vespa arenaria Fabr. V. diabolica Sauss. V. maculata Linn. Polistes pallipes St Farg. Odynerus capra Sauss. Eumenes fraternus Say Anacrabro ocellatus Pack. Crabro singularis Sm. C. trifasciatus Say Pemphredon concolor Say Philanthus solivagus Say Hoplisus phaleratus Say Monedula ventralis Say Bembex fasciata Fabr. Chalybion caeruleum Linn. Pelopoeus cementarius Dru. Ammophila communis Cress. ?Aporus biguttatus Fabr. A. marginatus Say Camponotus pennsylvanicus Cress. Pelecinus polyturator Dru. Calyptus crassigaster Prov. Cratoparis lunatus Fabr. Hylesinus aculeatus Say H. opaculus Lec. Polygraphus rufipennis Kir. Chramesus hicoriae Lec. Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. Tomicus calligraphus Germ. T. grandicollis Eich. Hymenoptera Calyptus magdali Cress. Macrocentrus solidaginis Cress. Apanteles congregatus Say Lampronota americana Cress. Pimpla conquisitor Say P. pedalis Cress. P. inquisitor Say Theronia fulvescens Cress. Ephialtes irritator Fabr. Thalessa lunator Fabr. Di, atrata Fabr Arotes decorus Say Paniscus geminatus Say Heteropelma flavicornis Brullé Anomalon exile Prov. Ichneumon centrator Say I. duplicatus Say I. laetus Brullé I. scelestus Cress. I. unifasciatorius Say Foenus incertus Cress. Andricus punctatus Bass. Tremex columba Linn. Strongylogaster rufocinctus Nort. Macrophya flavicoxae Nort. Allantus basilaris Say Dolerus albifrons Nort. D. apricus Nort. D. aprilis Nort. D. arvensis Nort. D. similis Nort. Harpiphorus varianus Nort. Lygaeonematus erichsonii Hartig. Hylotoma mcleayi Leach Trichiocampus viminalis Fall. Cimbex americana Leach Coleoptera Tomicus pini Say T. balsameus Lec. T. integer Eich. Dryocoetes eichhoffei Hopk. Xyleborus celsus Eich. X. dispar Fabr. Pityophthorus minutissimus Zimm. Stenocelis brevis Boh. a4 wy be ——s eS eS en ae oe rs ir aes REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 19006 Cossonus platalea Say Calandra granaria Linn. C. oryzae Linn. Sphenophorus sculptilis Uhler. Balaninus uniformis Lec. B. nasicus Say Centrinus scutellum-album Say Madarellus undulatus Say Pseudobaris nigrina Say Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Lec. Coeliodes aspicalis Dietz Mononychus vulpeculus Fabr. Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. Tyloderma foveolatum Say Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst. Gymnetron teter Fab. Elleschus ephippiatus Say Anthonomus signatus Say Tachypterus quadrigibbus Say Magdalis perforata Horn M. barbita Say M. armicollis Say M. alutacea Lec. Tanysphyrus lemnae Fabr. Dorytomus parvicollis Casey Lixus concavus Say Hylobius pales Hbst. Pissodes strobi Peck Phytonomus punctatus Fabr. P. nigrirostris Fabr. Apion nigrum Hbst. Sitones hispidulus Germ. Cyphomimus dorsalis Horn Aphrastus taeniatus Gyll. Pandeletejus hilaris Hbst. Otiorhynchus ovatus Linn. Rhynchites bicolor Fab. Pomphopoea sayi Lec. Epicauta puncticollis Mann. iE vittata Fabr. E. cinerea Forst. E. pennsylvanica DeG. Macrobasis unicolor Kir. Henous confertus Say Meloe angusticollis Say Dendroides canadensis Lat. Notoxus bifasciatus Lec. N. anchora Hentz. Corphyra lugubris Say Mordellistena comata Lec. Mordellistena aspersa Melsh. M. convicta Lec. Mordella melaena Germ. M. scutellaris Fabr. M. octopunctata Fabr. M. marginata Melsh. Tomoxia lineella Lec. Anaspis flavipennis Hald. A, ruta Say Nacerdes melanura Linn. Pytho americanus Kir. Phloeotrya simulator Newmi. Melandrya striata Say Penthe obliquata Fabr. Arthromacra aenea Say Cistela sericea Say Boletotherus bifurcus Fabr. Platydema ruficorne Sturm. P. subcostatum Lap. Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv. Diaperis hydni Fabr. Paratenetus punctatus Sol. Dioedus punctatus Lec. Tribolium ferrugineum Fabr. Tenebrio obscurus Fabr. T. molitor Linn. T. castaneus Knoch. T. tenebrioides Beauv. Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv. Scotobates calcaratus Fabr. Upis ceramboides Linn. Merinus laevis Oliv. Iphthimus opacus Lec. Nyctobates pennsylvanica DeG. Eleodes tricostata Say Bruchus pisi Linn. B. obsoletus Say Chelymorpha argus Licht. Coptocycla aurichalcea Fabr. Odontota quadrata Fabr. Microrhopala vittata Fabr. Dibolia borealis Chev. Phyllotreta sinuata Steph. Systena hudsonias Forst. S. frontalis Fabr. S. taeniata Say Crepidodera rufipes Linn. C. helxines Lini. Epitrix cucumeris Harr. Haltica bimarginata Say 89 gO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Disonycha pennsylvanica JI. D. collaris Fabr. D. alternata Jil. Galerucella cavicollis Lec. G. decora Say G. luteola Muls. Trirhabda canadensis Kir. Diabrotica duodecim-punctata Oliv. D. vittata Fabr. Cerotoma caminea Fabr. Phyllodecta vulgatissima Linn. Melasoma tremulae Fabr. M. scripta Fabr. Chrysomela similis Rog. C. elegans Oliv. C. bigsbyana Kir. C. spiraeae Say Doryphora clivicollis Kir. D. decim-lineata Say Prasocuris vittata Oliv. Nodonota tristis Oliv. Colaspis brunnea Fabr. Graphops pubescens Melsh. Metachroma marginalis Cress. Typophorus canellus Fabr. Chrysochus auratus Fabr. Glyptoscelis hirtus Oliv. G. pubescens Melsh. Fidia viticida Walsh Xanthonia decim-notata Say Monachus saponatus Fabr. Cryptocephalus quadri-maculatus Say Chlamys plicata Fabr. Crioceris asparagi Linn. C. duodecim-punctata Linn. Lema trilineata Oliv. Syneta ferruginea Germ. Orsodachna atra Ahr. Donacia cincticornis Newm. D. piscatrix Lac. D: ruta Say Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Forst. Saperda tridentata Oliv. S. puncticollis Say Hyperplatys maculatus Hald. Liopus alpha Say Monohammus maculosus Hald. M. scutellatus Say M. confusor Kir. Leptura haematites New. . lineola Say . exigua Newm. . cordifera Oliv. . canadensis Oliv. . vagans Oliv. . proxima Say . vittata Germ. . pubera Say Strangalia acuminata Oliv. Typocerus velutinus Oliv. Rhagium lineatum Oliv. Desmocerus palliatus Forst. Euderces picipes Fabr. Clytanthus ruricola Oliv. Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr. Xylotrechus colonus Fabr. Plagionotus speciosus Say. Cyllene robiniae Forst. Molorchus bimaculatus Say Elaphidion villosum Fabr. Callidium antennatum Newm. Prionus laticollis Dru. Orthosoma brunneum Forst. Parandra brunnea Fabr. Trichius affinis Gory Osmoderma scabra Beauv. O. eremicola Knoch. Euphoria inda Linn. Allorhina nitida Linn. Chalepus trachypygus Burm. Pelidnota punctata Linn. Strigoderma arboricola Fabr. Anomala lucicola Fabr. Lachnosterna fusca Froh. L. tristis Fabr. Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr. Serica trociformis Burm. Dichelonycha elongata Fabr. D. albicollis Burm. Hoplia trifasciata Say H. modesta Hald. Geotrupes semiopacus Jek. G. egeriei Germ. Bolboceras farctus Fabr. Aphodius fossor Linn. A. fimetarius Linn. A. granarius Linn. A. inquinatus Hbst. ea ee | Saal Gal Ce Cea REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 Oi Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Hald. O. hecate Pang. Phanaeus carnifex Linn. Copris anaglypticus Say Canthon laevis Dru. Passalus cornutus Fabr. Ceruchus piceus Web. Dorcus parallelus Sav Ennearthron thoracicornis Zicgl. Cis horridula Casey Dorcatoma setulosum Lec. Sitodrepa panicea Linn. Ernobius mollis Linn. Ptinus quadrimaculatus Melsh. Necrobia violaceus Linn. Clerus analis Lec. C. quadriguttatus Oliv. C. nigriventris Lec. Trichodes nuttalli Kir. Telephorus carolinus Fabr. T. scitulus Say T. rotundicollis Say T. bilineatus Say Podabrus rugulosus Lec. -Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus’ DeG. C. marginatus Fabr. Photuris pennsylvanicus DeG. Photinus scintillans Say Pyropyga nigricans Say Ellychnia corrusca Linn. Lucidota atra Fabr. Plateros sollicitus Lec. Calopteron reticulatum Fabr. Brachys ovata Web. B. aerosa Melsh. Agrilus ruficollis Fabr. A. otiosus Say A. anxius Gory Acmaeodera pulchella Hbst. Buprestis maculiventris Say Chrysobothris femorata Fabr. C, dentipes Germ. C. floricola Gory C. scabripennis Lap. & Gory C. pusilla Lap. & Gory Melanophila fulvoguttata Harr. Dicerca divaricata Say D. lurida Fabr. Chalcophora virginiensis Dru. Asaphes decoloratus Say Oxygonus obesus Say Corymbites cylindriformis Hbst. C. inflatus Say Limonius confusus Lec. Melanotus communis Gyll. Dolopius lateralis Esch. Elater nigricollis Hbst. FE. obliquus Say Cryptohypnus planatus Lec. Cardiophorus convexus Say Alaus oculatus Linn. Tharops ruficornis Say Cyphon variabilis Thunb. Scirtes tibialis Guer. Tenebrioides mauritanica Linn. T. corticalis Melsh. Ips quadriguttatus Fabr. Phenolia grossa Fabr. Nitidula bipustulata Linn. Conotelus obscurus Er. Colastus truncatus Rand. Carpophilus dimidiatus Fabr. C. brachypterus Say Saprinus assimilis Payk. Hister abbreviatus Fabr. H. americanus Payk. H. lecontei Mars. H. parallelus Say Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn. A. verbasci Linn. A. castaneae Melsh. Attagenus piceus Oliv. Dermestes lardarius Linn. Byturus unicolor Say Triphyllus humeralis Kir. Mycetophagus punctatus Say M. flexuosus Say Lyctus unipunctatus Hbst. L. parallelopipedus Melsh. L. opaculus Lec. Uliota dubius Fabr. Laemophloeus testaceus Fabr. Cucujus clavipes Fabr. Catogenus rufus Fabr. Silvanus surinamensis Linn. Tritoma humeralis Fabr. T. thoracica Say Megalodacne heros Say Q2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Languria mozardi Lat. Endomychus biguttatus Say Lycoperdina ferruginea Lec. Epilachna borealis Fabr. Hyperaspis binotata Say Brachyacantha ursina Fabr. Smilia misella Lec. Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls. Psyllobora viginti-maculata Say Anatis ocellata Linn. Adalia bipunctata Linn. Coccinella trifasciata Linn. C. novem-notata Hbst. C. transversalis Muls. C. sanguinea Linn. Hippodamia glacialis Fabr. H. convergens Guer. H. tredecim-punctata Linn. H. parenthesis Say Megilla maculata DeG. Oxytelus rugosus Grav. Oxyporus femoralis Grav. O. lateralis Grav. Erchomus ventriculus Say Tachinus fimbriatus Grav. Paederus littorarius Grav. Stenus flavicornis Er. Philonthus aeneus Rossi Staphylinus maculosus Grav. S. cinnamopterus Grav. Creophilus villosus Grav. Listotrophus cingulatus Grav. Silpha surinamensis Fabr. S. lapponica Hbst. S. inaequalis Fabr. S. noveboracensis Forst. S. americana Linn. Necrophorus marginatus Fabr. N. pustulatus Hersch. N. tomentosus Web. Sphaeridium scarabaeoides Linn. Cercyon praetextatum Say Hydrobius fuscipes Linn. Hydrocharis obtusatus Say Hydrophilus triangularis Say H. mixtus er. Hi. glaber Abst Dineutes discolor Aubé D. assimilis Aubé Gyrinus ventralis Kirby G. picipes Aubé Acilius semisuicatus Aubé Dytiscus fasciventris Say D. harrisii Kirby Colymbetes sculptilis Harr. Agabus gagates Aubé A. punctulatus Aubé Ilybius bigguttalus Germ. Hydroporus tristis Payk. Deronectes griseostriatus DeG. Laccophilus maculosus Germ. Cnemidotus duodecim-punctatus Say Haliplus ruficollis DeG. Anisodactylus rusticus Say A. discoideus Dej. A. baltimorensis Say Bradycellus rupestris Say Harpalus erraticus Say H. viridiaeneus Beauv. H. caliginosus Fabr. H pennsylvanicus DeG. H.. fallax Lec. H. pleuriticus Kirby H. herbivagus Say Agonoderus pallipes Fabr. Chlaenius sericeus Forst. C. tricolor Dey. C. pennsylvanicus Say C. tomentosus Say Metabletus americanus Dej. ‘Apristus cordicollis Lec. Lebia grandis Hentz. L. atriventris Say L. viridis Say Galerita janus Fabr. Platynus angustatus Deyj. P. extensicollis Say P. melanarius Dej. Calathus gregarius Say Dicaelus elongatus Bon. Amara impuncticollis Say Pterostichus honestus Say . stygicus Say . lucublandus Say . caudicalis Say . luctuosus Dej. . corvinus Dej. . mutus Say geline) geladno| tach laa! REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 93 Pterostichus patruelis Dej. P. femoralis Kirby Tachys nanus Gyll. a favicauda Say Bembidium variegatum Say B. quadri-maculata Linn. Scarites subterraneus Fabr. Pasimachus elongatus Lec. Nebria sahlbergi Fisch. Elaphrus ruscarius Say Calosoma calidum Fabr. Drosophila ampelophila Loew. Chlorops prolifica O. S. Ephydra atrovirens Loew. Piophila casei Linn. Tephritis platyptéra Loew. Rhagoletis cingulata Loew. Seoptera colon Loew. Melierial similis Loew. Lauxania flaviceps Loew. Straussia longipennis Wied. Sepedon fuscipennis Loew. Tetanocera plebeja Loew. Phorbia fusciceps Zett. Pollenia rudis Fabr. Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. Sarcophaga sarraceniae Riley Echinomyia algens Wied. Archytas analis Fabr. Peleteria tessellata Fabr. Gonia capitata DeG. Tachina mella Walk. T. robusta Town. Ocyptera carolinae Desv. Belvosia unifasciata Desv. Physocephala furcillata Will. Spilomyia fusca Loew. Xylota ejuncida Say Syritta pipiens Linn. Mallota posticata Fabr. Helophilus similis Macq. Eristalis dimidiatus Wied. E. saxorum Wied. FE. tenax Linn. E. transversus Wied. Sericomyia chrysotoxoides Macq. Volucella evecta Walk. Rhingia nasica Say Carabus vinctus Web. Omophron americanum Dej. Cicindela lecontei Hald. . sexguttata Fabr. . generosa De7j. . vulgaris Say . repanda De7. . purpurea Oliv. . duodecim-guttata Dej. . punctulata Fabr. WAAAY AA@O Diptera Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say Mesogramma marginata Say Syrphus americanus Wied. S. lesueurii Macq. S. ribesii Linn. Sy LOnvus Ose Platychirus quadratus Say Hydrophorus pirata Loew Liancalus genualis Loew Promachus bastardii Macq. Deromyia umbrina Loew Bombylius major Linn. Anthrax sinuosa Wied. A. alternata Say A. concessor Cog. A. fuliginosa Loew. A. nebulo Cog. Chrysopila thoracica Fabr. Leptis mystacea Macq. Tabanus coffeatus Macq. T. lineola Fabr. ad. microcephalus’ O% Se T. reinwardtii Wied. Chrysops excitans Walk. C. niger Macq. C. vittatus Wied. Pangonia tranquilla O. S. Stratiomyia badia Walk. S. discalis Loew. Sargus decorus Say Bibio albipennis Say Rhabdophaga salicis Schrank. Dasyneura pseudacaciae Fitch Anopheles punctipennis Say A. maculipennis Meig. Psorophora ciliata Fabr. Culicelsa aurifer Cog. G4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Culicada canadensis Theo. . subcantans Felt . fitchii Felt & Young . abfitchii Felt Scantator Cog: . sollicitans Walk. . impiger Walk. lazarensis Felt & Young GlG) GlOr arate aia . abserratus Felt & Young Ecculex sylvestris Theo. Papilio turnus Linn. Pontia rapae Linn. Eurymus philodice Gdt. Argynnis aphrodite Edw. A. atlantis “Edw. Brenthis myrina Cram. B. bellona Fabr. Phyciodes tharos Drury Polygonia interrogationis Fabr. P. faunus Edw. Eugonia j-album Bd. Lec. Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Vanessa atalanta Linn. Basilarchia arthemis Drury B. archippus Cram. Anosia plexippus Linn. Feniseca tarquinius Fabr. Heodes hypophleas Boisd. Deilephila lineata Fabr. Samia cecropia Linn. Callosamia promethea Drury Ctenucha virginica Charp. Haploa confusa Lyman Estigmene acraea Drury Isia isabella Sm. & Abb. Diacrisia virginica Fabr. Apantesis virgo Linn. A. parthenice Kirby Halisidota tessellaris Sm. & Abb. H. caryae Harr. Alypia octomaculata Fabr. Arsilonche albovenosa Goeze Hadena passer Guen. H. dubitans Walk. H. devastatrix Brace H. arctica Botsd. . cinereoborealis Felt & Young Zi A Culicella dyari Cog. Culex pipiens Linn. C. restuans Theo. C. territans Walk. Aedes fuscus O. S. Wyeomyia smithii Cog. Corethra cinctipes Cog. C. lintneri Cog. C. karnerensis Felt Tipula abdominalis Say Lepidoptera Hyppa xylinoides Guen. Pyrophila pyramidoides Guen. Adelphagrotis prasina Fab. Peridroma margaritosa Haw. Noctua smithii Snellen . normaniana Grote . bicarnea Guen. . c-nigrum Linn. . plecta Linn. . clandestina Harr. Feltia subgothica Steph. F. jaculifera Guen. Paragrotis redimicula Mon. Mamestra purpurissata Grote M. meditata Grote M. picta Harr. M. renigera Steph. M. olivacea Morr. Nephelodes minians Guen. Heliophila unipunctata Haw. H. luteopallens Sim. Tricholita signata Walk. Cucullia intermedia Spey. Gortyna nictitans Bork. Orthosia helva Grote Trigonophora periculosa Guen. Heliothis armiger Hiibn. Euthisanotia grata Fabr. Plusia aerea fubn. P. aeriodes Grote P. balluca Geyer Autographa bimaculata Steph. . precationis Guen. . brassicae Riley . rectangula Kirby . u-aureum Guen. >> > > REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 95 Autographa falcigera Kirby Drasteria erechtea Cram. Eustrotia carneola Guen. Catocala unijuga Walk. Parallelia bistriaris Huibn. Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob. Notolophus badia Hy. Edwards Malacosoma americana Fabr. M. disstria Hiibn. Eudule mendica Walk. Euchoeca albovittata Guen. Eustroma diversilineata Hiibn. Orthofidonia vestaliata Guen. Cingilia catenaria Drury Xanthotype crocataria Fabr. Sabulodes transversata Drury Sesia tipuliformis Clerck Desmia funeralis Hiibn. Evergestis straminalis Hiibn. Tholeria reversalis Guen. Hypsopygia costalis Fabr. Epagoge sulfureana Clem. Archips rosaceana Harr. A. rosana Linn. A. parallela Rob. A. argyrospila Walk. Adela purpura Walk. Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack. Hemiptera Homaemus aeneifrons Say Eurygaster alternatus Say. Canthophorus cinctus Beauv. Podisus placidus Uhl. P. maculiventris Say Brochymena quadripustulata Fabr. Cosmopepla carnifex Fabr. Mormidea lugens Fabr. Euschistus servus Say E. fissilis Uhl. E. tristigmus Say E. variolarius Beauv. Coenus delius Say Pentatoma juniperina Linn. Murgantia histrionica Hahn. Nezara hilaris Say Anasa tristis DeG. Corizus novaeboracensis Sign. Alydus eurinus Say Leptocoris trivittatus Say Nysius augustatus U/l. Ischnorhynchus didymus Zett. Cymus angustatus Stal. Blissus leucopterus Say Peliopelta abbreviata’ U/l. Lygaeus turcicus Fabr. -Ligyrocoris sylvestris Linz. L. constrictus Say Brachytropis calcarata Fall. Miris affinis Reut. Leptopterna dolobrata Linn. Lopidea media Say Lomatopleura caesar Reut. Calocoris rapidus Say Lygus pabulinus Linn. L. pratensis Linn. L. monachus Uhl. Poeciloscytus basalis Reut. Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr. P. goniphorus Say Systratiotus venaticus Uhl. Capsus ater Linn. Pilophorus crassipes Uhl. P. amoenus Uhl. Stiphrosoma stygica Say Plagiognathus obscurus U/l. P. fraternus U/l. Piesma cinerea Say Corythuca arcuata Say C. ‘ciliata. Say C. juglandis Fitch C. marmorata U/l. Gargaphia amorphae Walsh Brachyrhynchus moestus Stal. Phymata wolffii Stal. Coriscus subcoleoptratus Kirby C. inscriptus Kirby Nabis rufusculus Reut. Acholla multispinosa DeG. Limnotrechus marginatus Say Belostoma americanum Leidy. Notonecta undulata Say Corixa calva Say C. abdominalis Say 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tibicen septendecim Linn. T. tibicen Linn. Entylia bactriana Germ. Pubilia concava Say Ceresa diceros Say C. bubalus Fabr. C. turbida Godg. Stictocephala inermis Fabr. Smilia camelus Fabr. Telamona ampelopsidis Harr. Enchenopa binotata Say Campylenchia curvata Fabr. Scolops sulcipes Say Cixius stigmatus Say Stenocranus dorsalis Fitch Liburnia lateralis V. D. i utulenta j7 DD) Ormenis pruinosa Say Lepyronia quadri-angularis Say Aphrophora saratogensis Fitch Philaenus lineatus Linn. Clastoptera obtusa Say C. proteus Fitch Tettigonia gothica Sign. Diedrocephala coccinea Forst. Draeculacephala novaeboracensis Fitch D. mollipes Say Bythoscopus pruni Prov. Idiocerus suturalis Fitch I. lachrymalis Fitch Agallia quadri-punctata Prov. A. sanguinolenta Prov. Platymetopius acutus Say Platymetopius frontalis V. D. Deltocephalus sayi Fitch D. inimicus Say D. melsheimeri Fitch Athysanus curtisii Fitch Phlepsius irroratus Say Scaphoideus immixtus Say Thamnotettix clitellaria Say Chlorotettix unicolor Fitch Cicadula slossoni V. D. C. sep-notata Fallen. Gnathodus punctatus Thunb. Empoasca rosae Harr. E. bifasciatus G. & D. Typhlocyba comes Harr. T. rosae Linn. Psylla carpini Fitch Ps pyticola ror sin. P. rhois Glov. P. annulata Fitch Trioza tripunctata Fitch Lachnus dentatus L. B. Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. A. ostreaeformis Curt. A. ancylus Putin. Aulacaspis rosae Bouché Diaspis boisduvali Sign. Chionaspis furfura Fitch C. euonymi Conist. C. americana Johns. Eulecanium nigrofasciatum Perg. Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv. Gossyparia spuria Modceer. Trichoptera Leptocerus resurgens Walk. Hydropsyche scalaris Hag. Halesus guttifer Walk. Goniotaulius dispectus Walk. Neuronia postica Walk. Mecoptera Panorpa rufescens Rambus P. maculosa Hag. Panorpa signifer Banks, Bittacus strigosus Hag. Neuroptera Polystoechotes punctatus Fabr. Corydalis cornuta Linn. Chrysopa oculata Say Sialis infumata Newm. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 97 Orthoptera Melanopus femur-rubrum DeG. Dissosteira carolina Linn. M. femoratus Scudd. Circotettix verruculatus Kirby M. atlanis Riley Oecanthus pini Beut. Phylloptera oblongifolia DeG. O. niveus DeG. Diapheromera femorata Say O. nigricornis Walk. Camnula pellucida Scudd. Appendix NEW SPECIES OF CECIDOMYIIDAE It has been considered advisable to publish the following pre- liminary descriptions in advance of an extended monograph on this group now in preparation. The generic references are strictly provisional.and may need revision after further study. Campylomyza sylvestris n. sp. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, yellowish, 11 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown; scutellum lighter, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dull yellowish with the basal segments reddish, the distal ones dark brown. Legs fuscous yellowish. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 23, 1906. Type Cecid. ar620, N.Y. State Museum. fe, Campylomyza brevicornis n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae } the length of the body: thickly haired, reddish brown, 11 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum and postscutellum dark reddish brown; abdomen reddish brown; membrane and pleurae dark salmon; ovipositor dark brown. Legs dark reddish brown; tarsi lighter, distal seg- ments dark brown. . Maken at Nassau, N.Y. August 10, 1906. iype Cecid. 750, N.Y: State Museum. Campylomyza flavoscuta n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, probably 11 segments. Mesonotum vellowish brown, scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale reddish brown. Legs a nearly uniform pale fuscous yellowish. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906. Type Cecid. 117, N.Y. State Museum, 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Campylomyza toxicodendri n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with whitish hairs, dark brown, 12 segments. Mesonotum dark brown with posterior median area yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum pale reddish yellow, the former with sparse yellowish hairs. Abdomen pale fuscous yellowish. Terminal segments and ovipositor dark brown or black. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw-yellow. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906, on poison ivy. Type Cecid. 122, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza leguminicola n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the 2d abdominal segment, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown; abdomen dark brown or black. Femora and tibiae brownish straw color, lighter ventrally, tarsi a pale straw color, terminal segments darker. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906, on red clover. Type Cecid. 121, N-Y. State Museum: Campylomyza vitinea n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely clothed with long hairs, brown, 13 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum and abdomen brown; genitalia darker. Femora and tibiae pale, tarsi darker. Taken at Albany, N.Y. August 14, 1906, about grape or ash. Type Cecids 750, No Y. State Museuima Campylomyza graminea n. sp. Male. Length 1.5; mm. Antennae about % the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Head and thorax black or dark brown, abdomen dark brown; pleurae and incisures yellowish brown. Legs yellowish transparent or reddish. Taken on grass at Karner, N.Y. April 27, 1906. Type Cecid. 5, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza populi n. sp. Male. Length1 mm. Antennae extending to the basal abdom- inal segments, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Meso- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 99 notum dark brown; scutellum and postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen dark brown, very sparsely clothed with fine yellowish hairs. Legs nearly uniform, light slaty brown. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906, on the large leafed poplar. Type Cecid. 115, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza balsamicola n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. The entire body a nearly uniform dark brown. Legs a nearly uniform straw-brown. Wakmem on balsam at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Wye Cecid, 145, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza pomiflorae n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Legs brownish yellow; tarsi light yellow; tip of posterior tibiae, anterior tarsi and the terminal segments of the middle and posterior tarsi variably tinged with reddish. Taken at Karner, N.Y. May 4, 1906, flying about shad bush and cherry bloom. aye Cecid. 11, 12, 13 and 15, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza photophila n. sp. Male. Length .5; mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Thorax dark reddish; abdomen dark brown, somewhat fuscous posteriorly. Legs fuscous yellowish, distal tarsal segments reddish brown. Taken at Albany, N.Y. August 8, 1906; also at Poughkeepsie. imme Cecid. 747, 748 and 753, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza modesta n. sp. Male. Length .4mm. Antennae probably twice as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, probably 14 segments. Entire body a nearly uniform dark brown. Legsa nearly uniform yellowish straw; tarsi tinged with carmine. Taken on balsam at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 147, N.Y. State Museum. 100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Campylomyza gibbosa n. sp. Male. Length1mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably 14 segments. Head, thorax and ab- domen dark brown; legs pale straw color, irregularly tinged with carmine, especially near the articulations. Taken on spruce at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 162, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza carolinae n. sp. Male. Length .4mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown; scutellum, postscutellum and basal abdominal segments dark reddish brown, the distal abdominal segments dull black. Legs nearly uniform fus- cous yellowish. Female. Length .5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, light brown, 11 segments; otherwise as in the male. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 23, 1906. Type Cecid. ar619, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza carpini n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown, 15 segments. Mesonotum black; scu- tellum and abdomen dark brown. Legs pale, grayish, tarsi vari- ably tinged with reddish. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906, on ironwood. dype Cecid: 107, N:Y. State Museum? Campylomyza lignivora n. sp. Male. Lengthi.3mm. Antennae extending to the 4th abdom- inal segment, sparsely clothed with long hairs, ight brown, 16 seg- ments. Abdomen dark red, the dorsal sclerites slightly ferrugi- nous, sparsely clothed with short setae. Legs a nearly uniform fus- cous yellowish; femora and tibiae hairy. Female. Length 2.5; mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, densely yellowish haired, yellowish brown, 21 seg- ments. Other color characters practically as in the male. Found at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 21, 1906, breeding in the fungus-affected heart of a hard pine. Type Cecid. a1614, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 roy Campylomyza cerasi n. sp. | Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, annulate with lighter, 14 segments. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; legs light brown with in- distinct reddish markings at the articulations between the coxae and femora; the latter and tibiae; on the apex of the tibiae; and with more or less suffused reddish tints on the tarst. Taken at Nassau, N.Y. May 15, 1906, sweeping in the vicinity of wild cherry. pe Cecid. 18, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza tsugae n. sp. Female. Length 1mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 13 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Legs a nearly uniform dark straw, terminal segment slightly darker. | Taken at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906, on hemlock. Type Cecid. 166, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza karnerensis n. sp. Male. Lengthi.;mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably 14 segments. Mes- onotum dark brown; abdomen reddish brown. Legs semitrans- parent with irregular reddish bands on the tarsi and at the tip of the tibiae, particularly on the posterior legs. . Taken at Karner, N.Y. May 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 29, N.Y. State Museum. Campylomyza acerifolia n. sp. Male. Length.4mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 16 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutel- lum yellowish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen light brown; legs mostly dark brown. Taken at Albany, N.Y. May 21, 1906, on soft maple. Oampe Cecid. 71, N.Y. State Museum. Catocha sambuci n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae 4 the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 11 segments. TO2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mesonotum reddish brown; scutellum and postscutellum fuscous reddish yellow. Abdomen fuscous yellow, membrane and pleurae lighter. Ovipositor slightly fuscous. Legs dark fuscous yellowish. Taken at Albany, N.Y. August 6, 1906, on elder. Type Cecid. 743, N.Y. State Museum. Catocha sylvestris n. sp. Female. Length 3mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, basally pale yellow- ish, 11 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the median posterior area dark yellowish. Scutellum pale yellowish orange. Postscu- tellum dark brown; abdomen yellowish brown; incisures and pleurae pale salmon; terminal segment pale yellowish; coxae pale yellowish, femora semitransparent, tibiae and tarsi fuscous yellowish. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 23, 1906. Type Cecid. a1642, N.Y. State Museum. Catocha spiraeina n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, yellowish ba- sally, 16 segments. Mesonotum darker brown; scutellum reddish brown, slightly fuscous apically and with sparse apical setae. Post- scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly ‘clothed with fine setae. Genitalia fuscous yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform yellow straw color; articulations tinged with carmine, tarsi slightly darker. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 15, 1906, on spirea. Type Cecid. 274, N.Y. State Museum. L. Catocha solidaginis n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown, 16 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum dark carmine, postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, distal segment somewhat darker. Legs mostly pale fuscous yellowish, tarsi dark brown. Taken on Solidago at Newport, N.Y. July 25, 1906. Type Cecid. 7oo, N.Y. State Museum. Micromyia corni n. sp. Male. Lengthi.5mm. Antennae very short, not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 9 segments. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 103 Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines ornamented with pale yellowish setae. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdo- men dark brown with a distinct reddish tint distally and nearly naked. Legs a nearly uniform dark reddish; tarsi dark brown. — Taken on Cornus at Albany, N.Y. July 3, 1906. Type Cecid. 459, N.Y. State Museum. Micromyia diervillae n. sp. Male. Wength 1.5 mm. Antennae scarcely extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 9 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown, the latter slightly yellowish distally. Legs a variable fuscous, the posterior tarsi tinged with carmine. Taken on bush honeysuckle at Karner, N.Y. June 5, 1906. Type Cecid. 490, N.Y. State Museum. Lestremia pini n. sp. Male. Lengthr.5;mm. Antennae probably as long as the body, rather sparsely haired, dark brown, 16 segments. Mesonotum dark brown with a very few whitish setae; scutellum light brown; post- scutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen a nearly uniform grayish brown, terminal segments slightly darker. Coxae, femora and tib- iae mostly whitish transparent; tarsi fuscous. Taken on pine at Albany, N.Y. July 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 562, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera rubra n. sp. 3 Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments, face fus- cous yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, rather thickly clothed along its margins with fuscous scales; scutellum with numerous reddish apical setae; postscutellum dark. Abdomen deep red, rather thickly clothed with fuscous scales. Legs mostly a fuscous yellow- ish or reddish. Tarsi dark brown. Bred from a variegated blister gall on Solidago rugosa at muany, N.Y. July 15, rgo06. Type Cecid. 650, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera tuberculata n. sp. Male. Lengthi.25mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 seg- ments, face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, thickly clothed 104 NEW -YORK STATE MUSEUM, with fuscous hairs, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum dark silvery. Abdomen dark brown, darker on the basal segments. The incisures, pleurae and the distal seg- ments pale orange. Genitalia fuscous yellowish; coxae and base of femora yellowish. Other portions of the legs nearly uniform dark brown. Bred from a variegated blister gall on Solidago rugosa at Albany, Nov julyers: 1906: Type Cecid. 650b, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera cinerea n. sp. Male. Lengthi1.5mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 16, or 17 segments; head dark brown. Mesonotum’ and scutellum dark brown, the latter silvery white apically, postscutellum very dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly clothed dorsally with silvery white scales. Legs mostly dark brown, lighter ventrally. Tarsi darker than fe- mora and tibiae. Taken on Illex verticillata at Albany, N.Y. May 20 suooee Type Cecid. 73, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera viburni n. sp. : Male. Length1mm. Antennae extending to the 2d abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, at least 18 and probably a larger number of segments; eyes margined posteriorly with silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, margined laterally with yel- lowish, anteriorly with a few sparse silvery white hairs, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum nearly uniformly fuscous orange. Abdomen yellowish orange with irregular fuscous markings on the ist, 2d, 3d and 4th abdominal segments; these marks are narrowly divided in the middle and slightly prolonged sublaterally, giving somewhat the appearance of a double row of subquadrate fuscous spots. Coxae, femora and tibiae pale yellow- ish straw; tarsi nearly uniformly dark brown. _ Taken on maple-leaved arrowwood at Albany, N.Y. June ro, 1906. Type Cecid. 186, N.Y. State’ Museum. Lasioptera consobrina n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, brown, 18 segments; face yellow- ish brown with patches of whitish hairs; eyes margined posteriorly REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 105 with the same. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely margined anteri- orly and laterally with silvery white scales; posteriorly with a con- spicuous patch of the same. Scutellum pale orange, apically with numerous whitish hairs, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen dark brown; 1st segment clothed with silvery white scales, the 2d, 3d and 4th segments each with subquadrate, submedian spots clothed with yellowish white scales; 5th segment with a few whit- ish scales sublaterally; 6th with a few median ones along the poste- rior margin, and a similar patch.of the same color laterally. Legs rather variable, yellowish transparent, with some dark brown dorsally. Tarsi largely and irregularly tinged with carmine. Taken on maple-leaved arrowwood at Albany, N.Y. June 10, 19006. Type Cecid. 183a, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera canadensis n. sp. Male. Lengthi1.5; mm. Antennae hardly reaching to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 or 19 segments; eyes margined posteriorly with silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, ornamented with fragmentary submedian lines of whitish scales posteriorly and a somewhat broken patch of the same on the lateral posterior area near the base of the wings. Scutellum dark brown, rather thickly ornamented with silvery white scales; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, the 4 basal seg- ments each with conspicuous submedian quadrate silvery spots. Legs mostly pale yellowish straw; tarsi reddish or dark brown on the distal segments. Taken on blueberry or low bushes at Albany, N.Y. May 21, 1906. five Cecid. 74, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera impatientifolia n. sp. Male. Length 1.6 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 19 segments; face fuscous; eyes margined posteriorly with dull silvery scales. Mesonotum dark brown, thickly clothed with silvery and pale yellowish scales. In one specimen the mesonotum is entirely covered by scales. Scutellum dark brown with pale yellowish apically; postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown with the rst segment clothed sparsely with silvery white scales; the 4th and sth segments thickly clothed with dark brown scales, and the others more sparsely clothed with scales of the same color. 106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The posterior margins of the segments a dull yellowish orange; 7th and 8th segments mostly yellowish orange, the former narrowly margined posteriorly with dark brown. Genitalia dark brown. Pleurae dark brown, venter sparsely clothed with silvery white scales. Coxae fuscous yellowish; femora and tibiae dark brown, pale yellowish apically; tarsi nearly uniformly dark brown. Female. Length 1.2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 23 segments; face fus- cous; eyes margined posteriorly with dull silvery scales. Mesono- tum a rich purplish brown, broadly margined laterally and anteri- orly with dull silvery scales. Scutellum yellowish brown, post- scutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark purplish brown, the seg- ments narrowly margined posteriorly with dull silvery, that of the 2d and 3d apparently broadly interrupted along the median line. Ovipositor pale orange; legs mostly a rich brown; the femora and tibiae annulate with light yellow at the articulations. Bred froma leaf gall of touch-me-not or snapdragon (Impatiens fulva) at Albany,’N.Y. August ro, 1906. Type Cecid. a1166, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera caryae n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae shorter than the head and thorax, sparsely clothed with fine setae, brown, 20 segments. Head dark brown with two silvery spots at the base of the antennae. Mesonotum covered with bronzy scales; scutellum and postscutel- lum with long scales. Pleurae with very large white silvery scales. Abdomen clothed with pale brown scales, those of the last two seg- ments having a bluish tinge. Legs thickly clothed with scales, yellowish at the base; the tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 19, 1906. Type Cecid. 335, N.Y. State Museum. -Lasioptera desmodii n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, basally yellowish transparent, 21 or 22 segments. Mesonotum nearly uniformly dark brown, margined anteriorly and laterally with sil- very white scales and with a sprinkling of the same on the margin of the nearly naked posterior median area. Scutellum brownish, rather thickly clothed with smaller white hairs and a few long ap- ical bristles; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 107 the 1st segment thickly clothed with snow-white hairs, the 2d and 3d and 4th segments broadly margined posteriorly with the same, the bands being wider on the median line; the 5th narrowly mar- gined with white, the 7th brown; the 8th yellowish, the latter two margined posteriorly with long white bristles. Ventral surface dark brown witha broad median silvery white stripe. Genitalia dark brown, tipped with silvery white; coxae yellowish transparent; femora and tibiae dark brown banded at the extremities with yellowish white. Female. Length 2 mm. Coloration practically as in the other sex. Ovipositor when extended probably # the length of the ab- domen. Bred May 31, 1906, from stem gall on tick trefoil (Meibomia Seapidatum or M. canadensis), taken at Albany, N.Y. @yoe Cecid. 88, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera corni n. sp. Female. Length .¢ mm. Antennae 4 the length of the body sparsely haired, brownish black, 18 segments. Mesonotum brown- ish yellow, yellowish posteriorly. Submedian lines broad, narrowly separated. The median line shorter. Scutellum yellow, postscu- tellum yellowish. Abdomen dark brown with the ist segment golden, the others yellow banded apically. Ovipositor yellowish. Coxae whitish transparent; femora pale; tibiae pale, brownish above toward the apex; tarsi brown. Bred from an oval. ocellate leaf gallon Cornus paniculata taken at Albany, N.Y. July 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 764a, ar151, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera hamata n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 segments; lower por- tion of face and base of antennae sparsely ornamented with white hairs; eyes margined posteriorly with thesame. Mesonotum brown- ish black; scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with the 3d, 4th and 5th abdominal segments margined posteriorly with whitish scales. Terminal segments pale yellowish. Coxae dark yellowish brown; femora pale yellowish; tibiae and tarsi slightly variable, dark brown. Taken on Solidago at Nassau, N.Y. June 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 280, N.Y. State Museum. 108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lasioptera abhamata n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae scarcely extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 21 or 22 seg- ments. Body nearly uniformly dark brown, the submedian lines on the mesonotum sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown, lighter ventrally, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker. akenvat Karner, Nvs umes wooo: Type Cecid. 130, N.Y. State Museum. Lasioptera quercina n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, stout, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 seg- ments. Mesonotum dark brown, scutellum and postscutellum very dark brown. Abdomen a nearly uniform reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with ferruginous hairs. Coxae yellowish or reddish yellow, semitransparent; femora and tibiae dark brown, lighter at the articulations; tarsi dark brown. Taken on white oak at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 96, N.Y. State Museum. Clinorhyncha filicis n. sp. _ Female. Lengthimm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, dark brown, sparsely haired, 10 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellowish, thickly clothed with fus- cous yellowish hairs. Scutellum dark brown; postscutellum brown. Abdomen dark brown basally with the 2d to 5th segments reddish brown, terminal segments yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown, lighter ventrally. Taken on fern at Nassau, N.Y. June 24, 19006. *: Type Cecid. 386, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura laeviana n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae short, hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments; face reddish brown; eyes margined posteriorly with pale yellowish scales. Mesonotum dark brown with broad submedian stripes, thickly clothed with short yellowish scales; scutellum dark brown, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, with the incisures and pleurae pale yellowish red. Genitalia dark brown. ee ee ee ee ea a REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 109 Legs mostly dark brown, the tarsal segments invariably pale yel- lowish or reddish. Bred September 1, 1906, from a whitish blister gall on Aster laevis taken at Albany, N.Y. Type Cecid. a1281, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura paniculata n. sp. Male. Lengthz2mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely white haired, black, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown with a pale median line. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum a little paler. Abdomen dark brown with some similar scales; membrane and pleurae concolorous. Legs pale brown or slightly yellowish. Bred August 10, 1906, from a yellowish or brownish oval blister gallon Aster paniculata. Mype Cecid. 757, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura basalis n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae + the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably composed of 14 segments; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely ornamented with yellowish hairs; scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen with the 4 basal segments yellowish white, the distal segment pale orange dorsally, sparsely clothed with fuscous and yellowish scales. Genitalia fuscous; coxae pale yellowish; femora yellowish basally, dark brown distally; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Taken on hazel at Albany, N.Y. August 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 739, N.Y. State Museum. a4 =~ Choristoneura liriodendri n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, lighter basally, 18 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, shining, clothed with long white hairs, more abundant anteriorly and seen from the side appearing like a collar. Submedian lines rather abundantly clothed with fine hairs; scutellum and postscutellum reddish; ab- domen with the basal segments covered with white scales; the 2d black basally, the dark collar with 3 distal prolongations, that on the median line extends across the segment; the 3d segment has 3 dark points extending across the segment, the 4th is decidedly reddish yellow, the 5th narrow at the base and clothed with a patch iIO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of dark scales. Legs pale yellow with the tarsi slightly darker at the tips of the segments. Taken on tulip tree at Albany, N.Y. June Ss; 1006: Type Cecid. 291, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura caryae n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae shorter than the head and thorax, sparsely haired, dark brown, composed of 15 and probably 20 segments. Head dark brown with two silvery spots at the base of the antennae. Mesonotum covered with bronzy scales; scutel- lum and postscutellum with long scales; tibiae clothed with very large white patches of silvery scales. Abdomen clothed with pale brown scales, those on the last 2 segments with a bluish tinge. Legs thickly clothed with scales, pale yellowish at the base; the tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 19, OO. Type Cecid. 334, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura abnormis n. sp. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 16 segments. Mesonotum, scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen presumably a nearly uniform dark brown with irregular patches of whitish scales on the pleurae. Legs mostly dark brown. Taken on Solidago at Albany, N.Y. July 24, 1906. Type Cecid. 676, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura convoluta n. sp. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the 2d ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, light brown, fuscous basally, 17 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines ornamented with sparse yellowish setae; scutellum and postscutellum yellow- ish brown. Abdomen nearly uniformly dark brown; ovipositor ~ pale orange. Legs mostly uniformly dark brown with irregular yellowish markings. Anterior tibiae yellowish; tarsi yellowish, the segments tinged with reddish brown distally; mid and posterior tarsi mostly yellowish with a faint brown annulation on the ad seg- ment. Distal segment dark brown. Bred from a convolute tip gall on Solidago taken at Albany, N.Y. August 11, 1906. Type Cecid. a1307, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 ci Choristoneura albomaculata n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae 4 the length of the body, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, 18 segments. Face pale with a few scattering hairs on the front; eyes margined with whitish scales posteriorly. Mesonotum black with a pale median line; scutellum and abdomen black, the latter clothed with black scales and with six whitish spots on the lateral margin of the abdomen. Incisures reddish yellow; irregular spots of whitish scales occur below the wing insertion; ovipositor yellowish; coxae yellowish with a few white scales, the anterior and mid pair with long black setae anter- iorly; femora with the basal # whitish, the remainder black; tibiae black with a white line of scales down the inside; tarsi black. Bred August 14, 1906, from a blister gall on Solidago taken at Albany, N.Y. Type Cecid. 758, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura cinerea n. sp. Pemale. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the-base of the abdomen, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 25 seg- ments; face sparsely ornamented with whitish hairs. Mesonotum a nearly uniform dark brown, submedian lines ornamented with grayish hairs; scutellum dark brown with sparse apical setae; post- scutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown; incisures and pleurae pale whitish orange, the basal segment thickly clothed with silvery white scales; the posterior margin of the 3d abdominal seg- ment sparsely ornamented with silvery scales; terminal segmen's pale orange. Coxae dark yellowish; femora yellowish white with a more or less broad fuscous band near the middle. Anterior and mid tibiae fuscous dorsally, pale yellowish ventrally. Posterior tibiae pale yellowish; tarsi fuscous, lighter ventrally. Maken at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. iiyvpe Cecid: 341, N.Y. State Museum. Choristoneura hamamelidis n. sp. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 27 segments; face dark brown with patches of whitish scales below the insertion of the an- tennae; eyes margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum LIZ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM shiny black, margined anteriorly and laterally with silvery white; the submedian lines ornamented with pale hairs. Scutellum dark brown, silvery white apically; postscutellum a nearly uniform dark brown. Abdomen a rich dark brown with the dorsum of the rst abdominal segment, a minute median spot on the 2d, a broad ap- ical band on the 3d and 4th segments, the two latter not extending to the margin, silvery white; terminal segment pale orange. Coxae and extremities of femora and tibiae yellowish transparent; tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown, lighter ventrally. Taken on witch-hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 10, ape Type Cecid. 181, N.Y. State Museum. Rhabdophaga acerifolia n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about 4 the length of the body, thickly clothed with whitish hairs, dark brown, 15 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum dark brown and orange, the basal abdominal segment dark brown, the others light brown, all sparsely clothed with whitish hairs. Gen- italia dark brown; legs variably brownish, the tarsi darker. Taken in the vicinity of maple and other trees and shrubs at Albany, N.Y. May 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 36, N.Y. State Museum. Rhabdophaga populi n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae extending nearly to the tip of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark yellowish, 18 segments. Face dark brown, eyes narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark brown with distinct submedian lines of silvery white hairs and groups of the same at the base of the wings. Scutel- lum dark brown; postscutellum reddish brown; abdomen dark brown, thinly clothed dorsally with scattering silvery hairs and rather thickly clothed laterally. Legs a nearly uniform brown dorsally, silvery white ventrally; tarsi possibly a little darker. Female. Length 2.5; mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen; color characters practically. as in the other sex. Bred May 23, 1906, from cocoons taken at the base of poplar buds at Albany, N.Y. Type Cecid. 78x, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 I13 Rhabdophaga absobrina n. sp. Male. Length2.5;mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with long whitish hairs, dark brown, 19 segments. Face dark brown; mesonotum dark brown with distinct sublateral and submedian rows of golden yellowish hairs; scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly clothed laterally with silvery white hairs in whitish patches. Legs a variable brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi dark brown. Taken on maple and other trees and shrubs at Albany, N.Y. May 17, 1906. mivpe Cecid. 40, N.Y. State Museum. Rhabdophaga consobrina n. sp. Male. Length 3mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 19 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with dark hairs. Scutellum dark brown, thickly clothed with yellowish white hairs; postscutellum reddish anteriorly, dark brown posteriorly. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with whitish hairs; legs dark brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi darker. Taken near maple and other trees and vines at Albany, N.Y. May 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 39. N.Y. State Museum: Rhabdophaga annulata n. sp. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 14 seg- ments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, sub- median lines yellowish; scutellum dark brownish, fuscous apically; postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark yellowish, basal segments fuscous dorsally, terminal segments tinged with pale orange. Coxae and femora pale orange. The latter fuscous: distally; tibiae pale straw variably tinged with carmine; tarsi light brown. Taken on goldenrod or aster at Albany, N.Y. July 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 514, N.Y. State Museum. Rhabdophaga borealis n. sp. Female. Lengthi.5mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, probably 14 segments. Face dark yel- lowish; mesonotum dark brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines II4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM s yellowish, ornamented with fine hairs. Scutellum slightly yellow- ish; abdomen a nearly uniform dark carmine; legs a nearly uniform pale brown; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on spruce at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1900. Type Cecid. 15g, N.Y. state Museum: Dasyneura bidentata n. sp. Male. Lengthi.25mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, rather sparsely clothed with fine setae, dark brown, fus- © cous yellowish basally, 13 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; meso- notum dark brown with distinct submedian lines; scutellum rather dark red or reddish orange; postscutellum dark red. Abdomen red- dish or dark salmon; segments margined with pale yellowish pos- teriorly. Genitalia slightly fuscous; coxae and basal portions of femora pale yellowish; other parts of legs brownish; tarsi shghtly darker, lighter ventrally. Taken on white oak at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 3445) NW State Midseiima: Dasyneura cerasi n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae apparently 4 longer than the body, thickly clothed with long setae, dark brown, yellowish basally, 12 segments. Face fuscous yellowish, mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines pale yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum pale yellowish with sparse apical setae; postscutellum fuscous yellowish; abdomen dark yellowish fuscous, rather thickly clothed with pale yellowish hairs, basal segments slightly lighter. Legs pale straw color; tarsi sightly darker. Taken en black cherry at Albany, N.Y. June 22, 1906. Type Cecid. 343, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura photophila n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably 14 segments. Face dark brown, sparsely clothed with whitish hairs; eyes large, black, margined posteriorly with silvery white hairs. Mesonotum dark brown: scutellum yellowish; postscutellum and abdomen nearly uniform dark brown. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. Taken at Nassau, N.Y. June ro, 1906. Type Cecid. 194, N.Y. State Museum. ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I906 Tits Dasyneura acerifolia n. sp. Male. Length 75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, rather sparsely haired, light; brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum and scutellum dark brown, abdomen brown. Legs mostly yellowish transparent, irregularly marked with dark brown, particularly the extremities of the femora and tarsi. Taken on maple at Albany, N.Y. May 22; 1906. Mnpe Cecid. 72, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura setosa n. sp. miiale. Leneth .75 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Face fuscous; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired; scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum fuscous yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely vellow haired. Coxae and base of femora yellowish brown; other portions of legs dark brown. Taken at Nassau, N.Y. August 10, 1906. Type Cecid. 750, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura virginica n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the 2d abdom- inal segment, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 15 segments. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown, lighter poste- riorly, submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine hairs; scutellum variably fuscous, basally pale yellowish and with sparse setae apically; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with the 6th and 7th segments distinctly pale yellowish orange. Legs nearly uniform light brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on witch-hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 12, 1906. Type Cecid. 238b, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura filicis n. sp. Male. Length1.5 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, 15 segments. Mesonotum yellowish laterally, slaty brown dorsally and with long dark hairs. Scutellum yellowish; postscutellum yellowish and red; abdomen yellowish red with a fuscous spot basally. Coxae, femora_and XL 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tibiae yellowish transparent, thickly clothed with grayish hairs; tarsi dark brown. Taken on fern or wild crane’s-bill at Albany, N.Y. May 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 43, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura caricis n. sp. Male. Length1mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly clothed with long fuscous hairs, light brown, 16 segments. Face light brown; mesonotum dark brown with narrow submedian lines of fine setae; scutellum reddish brown with sparse apical setae; postscutellum yellowish. ‘Abdomen yellowish brown, rather sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs; tip of genitalia dark brown; legs nearly uniform light brown; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on Carex vulpinoidea at Albany, N.Y. June a) mgee: Type Cecid. 110, N.Y. State Museum, © | Dasyneura quercina n. sp. Male. Length. 1.5mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 16 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine hairs; scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum darker. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs, reddish laterally. Legs light brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on oak at Albany, N.Y. May 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 47, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura meliloti n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 17 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired; scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum slaty brown. Abdomen dark brown; membrane and pleurae yellowish. Genitalia dark brown; legs mostly dark brown. Taken on sweet clover at Albany, N.Y. August 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 744, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura hamamelidis n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the 3d abdom-. inal segment, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 18 segments. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown, somewhat - REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 EZ lighter posteriorly, submedian lines rather distinctly ornamented with pale hairs. Scutellum a variable fuscous, basally pale yel- lowish and with sparse setae apically; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen nearly uniform dark brown; legs nearly uniform light brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on witch-hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 12, 1906. Type Cecid. 238a, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura carbonaria n. sp. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown, 12 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct; scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen deep carmine, the first two and the terminal abdom- inal segments tinged with yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. | Bred from a blister Solidago gall apparently identical with that maapited by Lasioptera carbonifera Felt. Taken at Albany, N.Y. July 14, 1906. iisype Cecid. 713, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura borealis n. sp. Female. Length 1mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines dis- tinctly yellowish; scutellum yellowish carmine; postscutellum and abdomen light yellowish red. Legs light brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi darker. | Taken on spruce at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 160, N.Y. State Museum. Dasyneura denticulata n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm.. Antennae a little shorter than the body, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 14 segments. Face dark brown; mesonotum dark carmine; scutellum tinged with yellowish; postscutellum and abdomen dark carmine. Femora and tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi rather dark brown with suggestions of annulations. Taken on spruce at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 156, N.Y. State Museum. 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura consobrina n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the 3d abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 17 segments. Face and mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines pale, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum and postscutellum bright orange, the former with sparse apical setae. Abdomen slightly fuscous orange, the incisures and pleurae bright orange, terminal segments yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine pale setae. Coxae and femora pale straw; tibiae and tarsi rather dark brown, the former lighter ventrally. . Taken on white pine at Albany, N.Y. Jurie 11, 1906. ype Cecida za. ING ouairenViticeran Asphondylia fulvopedalis n. sp. _ Male. Length 2mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, fuscous basally, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines lighter; scutellum and postscutellum dark brown, abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown, the segments narrowly margined posteriorly with yellowish brown and sparsely clothed with fine yellowish hairs. Legs a nearly uniform fuscous straw, tarsal segments dull yellowish. Taken on Solidago at Westfield, N.Y. July 11, 1906. Type Cecid. 546, N.Y. State Museum. Asphondylia transversa n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to themed abdominal segment, naked, dark brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum very dark brown, submedian lines with setae; scutellum and post- scutellum reddish brown, the former with apical setae. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly clothed with yellowish setae. Legs yellowish red; tibiae and basal tarsal segments coe lighter apically, the distal tarsal segments darker. Taken at Albany, N.Y. May 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 53, N.Y. State Museum. Asphondylia multifila n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown, probably 13 or 14 eee a eS —e SS eS oe ee ee ee _" So ee eee ee ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 119 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum dark brown; scutel- lum reddish brown, postscutellum a little lighter.° Abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown. Legs pale yellowish brown; tarsi a little darker. Taken on white oak, Viburnum lentago and witch-hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 95, N.Y. State Museum. Asphondylia altifila n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine white hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum very dark brown, submedian lines paler, ornamented with sparse hairs; scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with golden yellowish hairs, giving an appearance of a white lateral stripe. _ Legs a nearly uniform fuscous straw color; tarsi slightly darker. Taken on blueberry at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. ioe wecid. 177, N.Y. State Museum. Asphondylia carpini n. sp. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum fuscous orange with submedian lines yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum pale yellowish with sparse apical setae; postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen pale fuscous orange, rather sparsely clothed with fuscous setae. Legs fuscous, pale yellowish basally, tarsi a little darker. Taken on ironwood or blue beech at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 346, N.Y. State Museum. Asphondylia rubi n. sp. Female. Length 1.5; mm. Antennae extending to the fourth -abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum yellowish brown, submedian lines ornamented with long, yellowish setae. Scutellum reddish brown with sparse apical setae, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark reddish with irregular dark brown markings on the dorsum of the 2d, 3d and 7th abdominal segments. Coxae mostly fuscous, anterior and mid femora mostly black, narrowly ringed with pale yellowish, posterior I20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM |. femora with basal half pale yellowish, distal half fuscous ; tibiae black with articulations yellowish or tinged with carmine, fore and mid tarsi black, the segments narrowly ringed basally with yellowish or yellowish white, posterior tarsi mostly yellowish with sparse, irregular, fuscous markings on the middle of the second segment, distal segments dark brown or fuscous. Taken on high blackberry at Karner, N.Y. July 24, 1906. Type Cecid. 685, N.Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia fusiformis n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, yellowish gray, 19 segments. Mesonotum light brown, submedian lines yellowish, uniting posteriorly in a median yellowish area; scutellum fuscous yellowish with sparse apical setae; post- scutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark fuscous yellowish, slightly darker basally, sparsely clothed with fine fuscous hairs. Genitalia very dark; legs a nearly uniform yellowish fuscous, distal tarsal segments somewhat variably tinged with pale carmine. Bred from a ribbed green or reddish fusiform stemmed gall on leaf or stem of Solidago taken at Albany, N.Y. July 16, 1906. Type Cecid. arrso, N.Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia pini n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine whitish hairs with variable light yellowish, 18 segments. Face dark brown; mesonotum reddish brown, the posterior median area lighter, the submedian lines with slaty colored hairs. Scutellum yellowish brown; postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, rather thickly clothed with slaty colored hairs. Legs a nearly uniform slaty brown. Taken flying to a small white pine at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906. Type Cecid. 116, N.Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia racemicola n. sp. Male. Length 2.5mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely white haired, fuscous yellowish, some of the terminal segments reddish, 18 or 20 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown, submedian lines yellowish, broad, rather thickly haired. Scutellum and post- REPORT OF THE STATE, ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 I21I scutellum yellowish red; abdomen yellowish red, thickly haired, basal segments somewhat fuscous. Genitalia reddish; coxae fuscous yellowish; femora, tibiae and tarsi mostly a variable reddish. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae composed of 18 segments. Other characters about as in the male. Ovipositor when extended nearly as long as the body. Bred from subglobular turnip-shaped bud galls on Solidago canadensis taken at Asheville, N.C. September 16, 1906. Type Cecid. ar605, N.Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia major n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with whorls of long whitish hairs, the body of the segments dark brown, 22-23 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum a nearly uniform dark brown, submedian lines distinct with:fuscous hairs and similar hairs on the lateral margin. Scutel- lum and postscutellum yellowish brown, the later fuscous laterally. Abdomen yellowish brown, rather thickly clothed with long fuscous hairs. Legs brownish black, the femero-tibio articulation tinged with reddish; tarsi dark brown. Taken in trap lantern at Huguenot Park, S.I. May 31, 1906. Type Cecid. 90, N.Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia acerifolia n. sp. Female. Length 1.5mm. Antennae not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown, 12 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum yellowish brown; abdomen light yellowish, slightly fuscous at the extremities. Legs with femora and tibiae yellowish transparent; tarsi dark brown, the anterior banded with yellowish at the basal articulations, the posterior with the basal segment yellowish. Taken in the vicinity of maple and other trees and vines at Albany, N.Y. May 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 38, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus tiliaceus n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae hardly reaching to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 12 segments. Face reddish brown; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines distinct I22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with brownish hairs. Scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen rather ight brown with a yellowish cast laterally. Legs pale brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi a little darker. Taken on basswood at Westfield, N.Y. May 23, 1906. Type Cecid’ $3) NwYe stave Mirseta Oligotrophus brevicornis n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, rather thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 12 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum reddish orange; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Genitalia somewhat fuscous; legs a nearly uniform pale straw, the distal segments dark brown. Taken on Solidago at Nassau, N.Y. June 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 281, N.Y 2State Musetan: Oligotrophus azaleae n. sp. Male. Lengthi1.s mm. Antennae not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown, 12 segments. Mesono- tum dark brown with submedian lines of dark hairs. Scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum lighter; abdomen yellowish. Geni- talia dark brown; femora and tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi brown tinged with reddish, the 2d tarsal segment more than twice the . diameter of the following one, and as long as the 3d and 4th com- bined. Taken on azalea at Albany, N.Y. May 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 48, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus aceris n. sp. Male. Length.75mm. Antennae extending to the 3d abdomi- nal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 13 segments. Face and mesonotum dark brown, the latter with distinct submedian lines of yellowish hairs. Scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum yel- lowish. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs; legs reddish brown and yellowish, lighter ventrally, the deeper color at the extremities of the femora, distally on the tibiae and on the distal tarsal segments. Taken on soft maple at Albany, N.Y. May 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 66, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 122 Oligotrophus rhoinus n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennaea little longer than the body, sparsely haired, light brown, 13 or 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum light brown with sparse apical setae; postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen a somewhat variable yellowish brown, the anterior four segments irregularly marked near the median line with dark brown. Legs pale yellowish brown; tarsi darker. Taken on sumac at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Gippe Cecid. 94, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus thalactri n. sp. Males Ceneth 1.5 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely haired, light brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum light yellowish brown, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen yellowish, sparsely clothed with light hairs. Coxae and basal portion of femora pale yellow, the remainder of the legs fuscous yellow. Taken on early meadow rue at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. dye Cectd..o8, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus nodosus n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Face and mesonotum dark brown, abdomen reddish brown, dorsal incisures orange-brown. Legs yellow with reddish tints; tibiae and tarsi fuscous apically. Taken on hornbeam or water beech near pine at Albany, N.Y. April 10, 1906. Type Cecid. 10, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus tsugae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, rather thickly haired, dark reddish brown, 15 seg- ments. Face dark reddish brown; mesonotum dark brown; scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen dark reddish. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw, lighter ventrally; tarsi darker. Taken on hemlock at Lake Clear, N-Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 165, N.Y. State Museum. 124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Oligotrophus acerifolius n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, sparsely clothed with long hairs, dark brown,15 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown, the basal abdotninal segments dark brown, the others reddish, spotted with carmine. Genitalia dark brown; legs a variable brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi sughtly darker. Taken on maple or other trees and shrubs at Albany, N.Y. May 17, 1900. Type Cecid. 33, N.Y: State Museum: Oligotrophus pini n. sp. Male. Length 2.5: mm. Antennae longer than the wbody sparsely clothed with long whitish hairs, dark brown, 16 segments. Head and mesonotum dark brown, the latter reddish posteriorly. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish. Abdomen yellowish red; coxae pale yellowish, femora light brown distally, lighter ventrally; _tibiae and tarsi light brown, the former somewhat darker distally, the terminal tarsal segments somewhat darker. Taken on pine at Albany, N.Y. May 26, 1906. Type Cecid. 87, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus cornifolius n. sp. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extendine, to iheuas abdominal segment, reddish brown, sparsely haired, 13 segments..- Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines and the median area posteriorly yellowish. Scutellum yellowish red with numerous yellowish apical setae; postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen yellow- ish with the basal segments tinged with red, the 1st slightly - darker. Femora and tibiae yellowish tinged with red; tarsi some- what darker, tinged with red, color somewhat variable. Taken on Cornus florida at Albany, N.Y. May 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 4gc, N.Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus caryae n. sp. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum black; scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen reddish brown with the segments margined af oi ak; oa REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 125 posteriorly with dark brown; terminal segment and ovipositor light yellow. Coxae and basal portion of femora, distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi a variable straw-brown. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 10, 1906. Sipe Cecid roz, N.Y. State Museum. Hormomyia americana n. sp. Male. Length 5mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, fuscous yellowish, distal segments tinged with carmine, 25 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum with the anterior median triangular area and the posterior sub- lateral irregular area dark brown, the median posterior area, the oblique sublateral anterior area, and the lateral area bordering the posterior submedian darker area, fuscous yellowish. Scutellum yellowish, postscutellum yellowish anteriorly and laterally, black > on the median posterior area. Abdomen semitransparent, yel- lowish, each segment tinged with orange basally, the 6th and 7th segments being nearly suffused with orange. Genitalia reddish brown with fuscous markings. Coxae fuscous yellowish tinged with reddish; femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish; tarsi slightly darker tinged with reddish. Taken in a trap lantern at Nassau, N.Y. May 21, 1900: Type Cecid. 91, N.Y. State Museum. Bremia filicis n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, rather thickly clothed with brown hairs, fuscous, 14 segments. Mesonotum fuscous; scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen fuscous, clothed with long hairs. Legs long, slender, the anterior ones fuscous, the posterior gray. ; taken on fern at Karner, N.Y. June 26, 1906. Type Cecid. 397, N.Y. State Museum. Bremia hamamelidis n. sp. Male. Lengthi.r15 mm. Antennae longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with long hairs, fuscous, 14 segments. Body fuscous, the abdomen clothed with pale hairs. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw color. | Taken on witch-hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 27, 1906. type Cecid. 401, N.Y .-State Museum. 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bremia podophylli n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae probably twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with coarse hairs, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines distinct, yellowish, sparsely ornamented with pale setae. Scutellum light yellow with sparse apical setae; postscutellum light yellow; abdomen yellowish brown, rather thickly clothed with coarse setae, posterior margins of the segments and genitaha slightly fuscous. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. Taken on May-apple at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Dype Cecid. 352, NYoState Museum, Dicrodiplosis podophylli n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly clothed with rather coarse hairs, rather dark brown, yel- lowish basally, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum dark brown with a median yellowish area posteriorly, submedian lines and scutellum yellowish, the latter with sparse apical setae; post- scutellum yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown, basal segment slightly darker dorsally, each segment with a more or less distinct row of fuscous hairs along the posterior margin. Legs a nearly uniform pale brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi shghtly darker. Taken on May-apple or mandrake at Albany, N.Y. June 11, 1906. Type Cecid. 207, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis alternata n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs alternately yellowish and reddish, the larger swellings of the segments lighter, the smaller and the distal portions of the stem darker, 14 segments. Face and mesonotum dark brown, the latter with a narrow mar- gined yellowish area posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish, sparsely clothed with fine setae. Scutellum yellowish reddish, dark brown laterally; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen somewhat mottled with brown, darker laterally, the segments rather thickly clothed with fine yellowish hairs. Coxae yellowish transparent, femora pale yellowish with rather indistinct brownish annulations basally REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 127 and subapically; tibiae pale yellowish with more distinct fuscous annulations subbasally and apically. Tarsi with the first segment yellowish fuscous, the others yellowish orange or pale orange and with distinct fuscous annulations distally except the last segment » which is entirely pale orange. Taken on May-apple or mandrake at Albany, N.Y. June 11, 1906. diye Cecid. 2090, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis lobata n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum rather dark brown, yel- lowish posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish; postscutellum slaty brown. Abdomen rather dark salmon. Legs a nearly uniform dark straw; tarsi darker. m@axcnson plieberry at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. diye Cecid. 176, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis minuta n. sp. Male. Length .4 mm. Antennae about one half longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown; scutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown with the 4th and 5th segments fuscous. Genitalia pale yellowish; legs a nearly uniform’ pale brown. Taken at Nassau, N.Y. June 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 290, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis acerifolia n. sp. Male. Length 2.5mm. Antennae as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown anteriorly, yellowish posteriorly; scutellum reddish brown; postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish transparent except for a conspicuous black spot on the basal abdominal, segments and a reddish tint ventrally at the posterior extremity. Legs fuscous yellowish, lighter ventrally. Taken on maple or other trees and vines at Albany, N.Y. May t7, LOO0. Type Cecid. 37, N.Y. State Museum. 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ~ Mycodiplosis pini n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae one fourth longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellow; mesonotum fuscous brown, submedian lines pale yellowish. Scutellum light fuscous yellowish, postscutellum darker. Abdomen pale reddish brown with a golden fuscous spot on the 2d and 3d abdominal segments. Legs a nearly uniform straw-brown. Taken on pine at Albany, N. Y June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 348, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis coryli n. sp. Male. Length 1.5mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, light straw-brown, 14 seg- ments. Face yellowish fuscous; mesonotum rather pale orange with a slightly dusky broad marginal stripe, the lateral margin of the submedian yellowish lines sparsely ornamented with pale setae. Scutellum pale orange; postscutellum slightly darker. Abdomen pale orange with the two basal segments and genitalia fuscous. Legs mostly a pale straw color, variably tinged with carmine. Taken on hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 12, 1906. Type Cecid: 237, IN Yo State Miser mi: Mycodiplosis caricis n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae one half longer than the body, thickly clothed with long hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellow, rather thickly ornamented with pale hairs. Scutellum light yellow with sparse apical setae; postscutellum orange-yellow. Abdomen dark fuscous yellow with the terminal segments pale orange, thickly clothed with pale setae. Genitalia fuscous yellow; legs a nearly uniform pale straw color. Taken on sedge at Nassau, N.Y. June 15, 1906. Type Cecid. 292, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis cyanococci n. sp. Male. Length r mm. Antennae fully one half longer than the body, rather thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 129 Face yellowish brown; mesonotum pale brown, submedian lines yellowish with sparse setae. Scutellum light yellowish bordered with carmine laterally; postscutellum and abdomen dark brown. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw with dark brown dorsally on the apex of the femora; tarsi slightly darker. Wieicen on blueberry at Karner, N.Y. June 4, 1906. ype Cecid. 136, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis acerina n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines pale, rather thickly clothed with fuscous hairs; scutellum pale orange; postscutellum and abdomen a variable dark orange, the latter rather thickly clothed with fine fuscous hairs. Legs rather dark brown, lighter ventrally. Taken on soft maple and on chokecherry beside soft maple at mipomy. N.Y. June 15,. 1906. Type Cecid. 269,270, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis hudsoni n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, yellowish basally, 14segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark reddish yellow, submedian lines sparsely ornamented with hairs; scutellum and postscutellum dark reddish; abdomen reddish carmine with indis- tinct fuscous markings at the base. Genitalia yellowish; coxae reddish anteriorly; femora and tibiae dark brown, yellowish ven- trally, the middle and posterior femora and tibiae a nearly uniform pale yellowish; the femoro-tibio and tibio-tarsal articulations tinged with carmine; tarsi a variable yellowish brown. Taken on soft maple at Albany, N.Y. June 10, 1906. Type Cecid. 188, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis emarginata n. sp. DMiale. Length 75 mm. Antennae fully twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, pale brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum pale orange-yellow; scutellum, post- 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM scutellum and abdomen pale lemon-yellow. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw. Taken at Nassau, N-Y. June 10; 1906: Type Cecid. 191, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis quercina n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about one fifth longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine yellowish hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum rather dark brown, yellowish posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish, sparsely orna- mented with fine setae. Scutellum pale reddish yellow with numerous apical setae; postscutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown, rather thickly clothed with fine whitish setae; pleurae yellowish transparent; legs a nearly uniform pale brown. Taken on white oak near soft maple and chokecherry at Albany, IN NE, tine is, OOO, Dy pe Cecidy 270. NIV. Stave iisemna: Mycodiplosis viburni n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly twice the length of the body, rather thickly clothed with brown hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face dark brown, mouth parts pale yellowish; meso- notum rather dark brown with narrow lighter submedian lines. Scutellum lhght brown, clothed with long brownish apical setae; postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen light yellowish with the posterior margins of the segments dark brown and laterally about the middle of each segment a short dark brown curved line suggest- ing the posterior border of subsegments. Genitalia orange-yellow. Legs pale straw-yellow; femora and tibiae slightly fuscous distally; tarsi light brownish apically. Taken on Viburnum lentago at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 89, N.Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis tsugae n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish; scutellum yellowish apically, rather thickly clothed REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 131 with fine hairs. Abdomen fuscous yellowish; legs rather dark brown, the ventral surface and base of femora paler. Taken on hemlock at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 168a, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia balsamifera n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about twice as long as the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum dark brown, the posterior median area lighter, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish carmine, post- scutellum and abdomen light yellowish red. Legs nearly uniform light brown, lighter ventrally, tarsi darker. Maken on balsam at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 143, 144, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia sambucifolia n. Sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae about twice the length of the body, thickly clothed with hairs, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellow- ish apically, postscutellum and abdomen pale salmon. Legs nearly uniform pale straw, irregularly tinged with carmine at the articu- lations, tarsi brownish dorsally. Taken on elder at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 153, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia filicis n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Meso- notum yellowish with a broad median area anteriorly, broad sub- lateral areas not quite extending to the anterior margin and scutellum slaty brown. Abdomen yellowish. Legs yellowish transparent ventrally, light brown dorsally, particularly the mid tibiae and tarsi. Taken on ferns at Karner, N.Y. May 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 20, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia trifolii n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae about twice the length of the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Face yel- 132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lowish; mesonotum yellowish brown; scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen yellowish, the latter sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs. Legs variable yellowish transparent, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on clover at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 108, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia ampelophila n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. ‘Antennae nearly twice the length of the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, pale brown, 14 segments, Face and mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, post- scutellum darker; abdomen brownish red. Legs straw-yellow, tarsi a little darker apically. Taken at Albany, N.Y. April 28, 1906, on grapevine. Type Cecid. 9, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia caryae n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae longer than the @ibedge thickly haired, pale, 14 segments. Entire insect yellowish with the exception of a dark spot on the dorsum of the abdomen. Legs pale yellowish, tarsi fuscous. . Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 19, 1906, on hickory. Type Cecid. 332, N.Y. State Museum. Contarinia viburni n. Sp. Male. Lengthrmm. Antennae about 4 longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with dark hairs, pale straw, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum pale yellowish orange, slightly tinged with carmine dorsally. Scutellum and postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen bright orange, with a distinct, black or fuscous area ba- sally. Legs pale straw, the articulations tinged with carmine. Taken on maple-leaved arrowwood, Albany, N.Y. June 11, 1906. Type Cecid. 210, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia albotarsa n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum yellowish, thinly clothed with black: hairs. Scutellum fuscous. Abdomen yellowish, the apex of the segments being clothed with long, black REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 133 hairs, the extremity yellowish. Legs thickly clothed with hairlike scales, yellowish basally; tibiae black, first joint of tarsi dark, the second joint of the anterior tarsi white, the remainder fuscous, pos- terior tarsi with all the joints but the first white. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 19, 1906 Type Cecid. 330, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia claytoniae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face reddish; mesonotum dark brown with paler sublateral lines and lighter on the median posterior area. Scutellum reddish, post- scutellum and probably abdomen reddish brown, the latter sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. Legs dark brown, lighter ventrally, tarsi straw-yellow. Taken on Claytonia virginica at Albany, N.Y. May 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 46, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia fragariae n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae about twice as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, a light straw-brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark carmine, submedian lines yellow- ish. Scutellum tinged with carmine, postscutellum yellowish. Ab- domen pale yellowish, with a median dorsal orange spot on the sec- ond and third segments. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw, ter- minal tarsal segments light brown. Taken on strawberry at Albany, N.Y. June 18, 1906. Type Cecid. 328 N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia orbiculata n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Face dark yellowish brown; mesonotum dark brown, yellowish red laterally, submedian lines narrow, yellowish, sparsely ornamented with pale hairs. Scutellum rather dark red with fuscous apical hairs, postscutellum darker. Abdomen fuscous brown dorsally, the sclerites slightly darker than the pleurae and incisures, each 134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM segment posteriorly with a row of stout, light brown hairs. Legs nearly uniform dark straw, lighter ventrally. Taken on common locust at Albany, N.Y. June to, 1906. Type Cecid. 180, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia photophila n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae fully 4 longer than the body, thickly clothed with coarse setae, dark brown, 14 segments. Mes- onotum yellowish brown, submedian lines indistinct, sparsely clothed with fine setae. Scutellum reddish brown with sparse ap- ical setae, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen bright carmine, rather thickly clothed with fine, yellowish setae. Legs a nearly uniform reddish brown. Taken in trap lantern at Newport, N.Y. June 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 323, N. Yo state Muse: Cecidomyia recurvata n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae probably 4+ longer than the body, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, pale straw, 14 segments. Face yellowish, thorax pale yellowish. Abdomen pale yellowish with a reddish tint basally and apically on the ventral surface. Legs pale yellowish white, extreme tips of the tarsi slightly dusky. Taken in trap lantern at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 361, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia emarginata n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum pale reddish, the anterior, median and sub- lateral posterior areas slightly darker. Abdomen yellowish red with irregular, carmine markings. Legs light brown, lighter ven- trally, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on maple and other vines and shrubs at Albany, N. Y. May 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 34, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia obesa n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, bright carmine, 14 segments. Face REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 135 pale yellowish; mesonotum and scutellum dark carmine, postscu- tellum fuscous. Abdomen dark carmine. Legs nearly uniform pale straw, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on hemlock at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 167, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia carpini n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae about { longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Basal antennal segments and face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown or black with pale submedian lines, sparsely clothed with fine setae. Scutellum dark orange, sparsely clothed with yel- . lowish setae, postscutellum fuscous orange. Abdomen reddish brown with the pleurae and terminal segments dark yellowish, rather thickly clothed with yellowish setae. Legs brownish, yel- lowish red basally, lighter ventrally. Taken on ironwood or blue beech at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 347, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia angulata n. sp. Male. Length.75mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, pale yellowish, 14 segments. Entire in- sect, with the exception of a dark spot on the dorsum of the body, is yellowish. Legs rather thickly clothed with narrow scales, a nearly uniform pale straw. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 19, 1906. Type Cecid. 332, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia hudsoni n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, rather sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum light brown with an indistinct yellowish, median line and a similar color on the humeri, submedian lines sparsely ornamented with long, yellowish setae; posterior margin of mesonotum slaty brown. Scu- tellum bluish slate, the apex sparsely ornamented with long, yel- lowish setae. Abdomen dark or reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Legs brownish yellow. Taken on red cedar at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. April 19, 1906. Type Cecid. 1, N.Y. State Museum. 136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cecidomyia lobata n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae $ longer than the beady sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum a variable reddish brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish, postscutellum and abdomen pale yellowish brown. Legs pale brown, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on white clover at Karner, N.Y. June 4, 1906. Type Cecid. 132. N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia urticae n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae 4 longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, pale brown, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark reddish brown with distinct submedian yellowish lines, posterior median area yellowish. Scu- tellum yellowish with sparse apical setae, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale yellow with an irregular, reddish spot on the 2d and 3d abdominal segments. Legs a nearly uniform pale fuscous straw color. Taken on nettle at Albany, N.Y. June 4, 1906. Type Cecid. 123, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia filicis n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, rather sparsely haired, dark brown, 14segments. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum lighter. Abdomen yellowish brown, vestiture scarcely perceptible. Legs light brown, paler at the articulations. : Taken on ferns at Karner, N.Y. June 4, 1906. Type Cecid. 139, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia acerina n. sp. Male. Length1mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly clothed with long hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish brown; mesonotum reddish brown, probably with lighter submedian lines. Scutellum reddish. Abdomen yellowish brown with a distinct fuscous spot dorsally on the second and third ab- dominal segments. Legs pale straw color basally, darker apically, specially the tarsi. Taken on maple at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 149, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 Boat Cecidomyia toxicodendri n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae about 4 longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine setae, light brown, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum reddish brown, submedian lines pale yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutel- lum and pleurae fuscous yellow, postscutellum yellowish. Abdo- men a nearly uniform fuscous brown, rather thickly clothed with fine setae. Coxae and femora pale yellowish, tibiae and tarsi pale brown, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on poison ivy at Nassau, N.Y. June 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 263, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia flavoscuta n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae longer than the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown, 14 segments. Face reddish brown; mesonotum dark brown with distinct submedian lines of pale setae. Scutellum yellowish with numerous yellowish hairs apically, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Legs mostly yellowish transparent with reddish tints at the extremities of femora, tibiae and tarsi. Taken at Albany, N.Y. May 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 76, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia quercina n. sp. Male. Length .5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, yellowish gray, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellow- ish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum pale yellow- ish, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen pale orange with a large fuscous median spot basally. Legs pale straw color, the annulations variably marked with carmine, distal tarsal segments fuscous. Taken on swamp white oak at Albany, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 342, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia hicoriae n. sp. Male. Length .7> mm. Antennae fully twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Face dark fuscous; mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen pale yellowish with dark brown mesially on the basal segment. Legs a nearly uniform pale reddish straw color, tarsi slightly darker. © Taken on hickory at Nassau, N°Y> June aa, 1006: Type Cecid. 261, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia fraxini n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae nearly twice the length of the body, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish laterally, dark orange apically, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark reddish, slightly lighter dorsally on the second and third abdominal segments. Legs nearly uniform dark brown, lighter ventrally. Taken on ash at Albany, N.Y. June 10, 1906. Type Cecid. 179, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia flavomarginata n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae 4 longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum yellowish brown, the broad median area thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Scutellum reddish, the postscutellum probably concolorous. Abdomen light brown, anterior segments margined posteriorly with yellowish, posterior segments reddish. Coxae yellowish trans- parent tinged with reddish apically, femora yellowish transparent, tibiae slightly darker, tarsi light brown. . ' Taken on clover at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 109, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia triangularis n. sp. Male. Lengthrmm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely clothed with coarse hairs, brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum brownish yellow, submedian lines obscure. Scutellum reddish. Abdomen brownish yellow, ovipositor pale. Coxae white, femora brown above, paler beneath, tibiae a little paler than the femora, tarsi brown. Taken on Solidago at Lebanon, N.Y. August 26, 1906. Type Cecid. 763, N.Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 139 Cecidomyia excavata n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennae longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with short, dark brown setae, pale straw color, 14 segments. Face yellowish white; mesonotum reddish brown with distinct submedian yellowish lines sparsely clothed with setae. scutellum yellow, tipped with carmine, postscutellum yellow. Ab- domen pale, reddish yellow with slightly fuscous areas dorsally on the second and third segments. Legs variably brown tinged with reddish, lighter ventrally, the anterior and mid tarsi distinctly darker than the posterior. Taken on soft maple at Albany, N.Y. May 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 65, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia carolinae n. sp. Male. Lengthrmm. Antennae } longer than the body, thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, lighter basally, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum black or very dark brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen pale yellowish, basal segments dark brown or black dor- sally, the terminal segments shaded with orange. Legs a variable light fuscous yellow basally, basal tarsal segments somewhat darker than the distal ones. - Bred: October 5, 1906, from gall on Solidago canadensis taken at Asheville, N.C. September 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 21636, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia tsugae n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae twice as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, lighter posteriorly, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish ap- ically, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs. Abdomen fuscous yellowish. Legs rather dark brown, ventral surface and base of femora paler. Taken on hemlock at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 168b, N.Y. State Museum. 140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cecidomyia incisa n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae half as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with setae, light brown, 14 segments. Mes- onotum dark brown; scutellum orange-brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen orange-brown, somewhat darker dorsally on the 2d, 3d and gth abdominal segments. Legs variable yellowish brown and dark brown; posterior coxae reddish, femora and tibiae light brown, slightly darker distally, tarsi rather dark brown. | Taken on soft maple at Albany, N.Y. May a1, 1906. Type Cecid. 67, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia subtruncata n. sp. Male. Lengthimm. Antennae 4 longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellow, uniting posteriorly in a median yellowish area. Scutellum dark red, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark red, the segments margined posteriorly with fuscous, sparsely clothed with pale setae. Coxae and basal portion of femora pale yellowish, remainder of femora, tibiae and basal segment of tarsi fuscous brown, the three distal segments yellowish, variably tinged with carmine. Taken on goldenrod or Aster at Albany, N.Y. July 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 506, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia eupatorii n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae fully 4 longer than the body, thickly clothed with long hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum light olive-brown, submedian lines sparsely clothed with pale yellowish setae. Scutellum pale yellowish, post- scutellum dark brown. Abdomen yellowish orange, slightly darker posteriorly, basal segments irregularly fuscous. Legs mostly a variable fuscous yellow, the articulations and terminal tarsal seg- ments lighter. Bred September 12, 1906, from galls taken on Eupatorium ageratoides at South bay, Glen lake, Lake Champlain, August 2I, 1900. Type Cecid. a1280, N.Y. State Museum. a. | ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 I4!I Cecidomyia juniperina n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae fully 4 longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Mes- onotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellowish orange, postscutellum fuscous reddish. Abdomen red- dish salmon, the basal four segments dark red. Coxae and femora fuscous transparent, tibiae and tarsi fuscous brown, distal segments darker. | Taken at Nassau, N.Y. August 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 746, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia karnerensis n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae 4 longer than the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Meso- notum dark brown with a silvery luster. Scutellum reddish, post- scutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish yellow, sparsely orna- mented with rather coarse hairs. Legs semitransparent, yellowish brown, tarsi variably reddish, light or dark brown. Taken at Karner, N.Y. May 16, 1906. Type Cecid. 27, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia rugosa n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellowish red ap- ically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown, thickly haired, basal segments darker. Legs nearly uniform light brown. Bred August 9, 1906, from galls collected on Solidago at Albany, Neve July rs, 1906. Type Cecid. 650c, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia caryae n. sp. Male. Length 2.; mm. Antennae 1 longer than the body, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum brown, yel- lowish at the apex. Scutellum reddish. Abdomen yellow, with the posterior margin of each segment and a short transverse an- J42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM terior line laterally, dark brown. Legs yellow at the base, tibiae and tarsi brown. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. June 19, 1906. Type ‘Cecid? 431. Ni Vi otate Musenm: Cecidomyia asteris n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haited, light brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines distinct. Scutellum yellowish, reddish apically, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dull yellowish, reddish apically and with a . fuscous basal spot. Legs fuscous straw. Taken on aster at Albany, N.Y. June 17, 1906. Type Cecid. 615, NX: State Museum: Cecidomyia coryli n. sp. : Male. Lengthi1.5;mm. Antennaea little longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine setae, light brown, 14 segments. Face sooty yellow; mesonotum dark brown, dark reddish laterally, submedian lines yellowish, ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum reddish basally, slightly fuscous apically, with sparse apical setae, postscutellum dark yellowish. Abdomen pale yellowish orange, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish hairs, each segment narrowly margined with fuscous posteriorly and with short, dark, transverse lines on each side just behind the middle. Coxae and basal portion of femora pale straw-yellow, the other parts of the legs nearly uniform sooty yellowish or brownish. | Taken on hazel at Albany, N.Y. June 11, 1906. Type Cecid. 216, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia rubroscuta n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennae about twice the length of the body, thickly clothed with light brown hairs, yellowish brown, 14 segments. Face dark brown; mesonotum with the anterior median and posterior sublateral lobes dark brown, the intermediate spaces lighter. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen rather dark brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 143 Legs slightly variable, pale straw color, femora somewhat darker apically. : Taken on ash at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 93, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia acernea:n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae 4 longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine setae, light brown, yellowish ba- sally, 14 segments. Face pale yellowish: mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines pale yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum somewhat fuscous yellowish with sparse apical setae, post- scutellum and abdomen pale orange, with the latter slightly tinged dorsally with fuscous and rather sparsely clothed with fine, whitish hairs. Legs nearly uniform pale straw, tarsi somewhat darker. Taken on soft maple at Nassau, N.Y. June 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 267, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia cincta n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown. Scutellum dark reddish, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen with the basal segments yellowish brown, the third and fourth black, fifth and sixth pale orange, terminal segments black. Legs nearly uniform pale straw. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 13, 1906. Type Cecid. 285, N.Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia sylvestris n. sp. Male. Length 1.25°>mm. Antennae + longer than the body, thickly haired, brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum a variable yellow- ish and brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscu- tellum yellowish. Abdomen dark carmine, a fuscous spot near the middle. Femora and tibiae pale fuscous distally, tarsi fuscous. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 26, 1906. Type Cecid. a1630, N.Y. State Museum. Dirhiza caryae n. sp. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 14 segments. 144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Face reddish; mesonotum dark brown, yellowish red laterally, the posterior median area yellowish, submedian lines yellowish, rather indistinct with sparse yellow setae. Scutellum reddish; postscutel- lum brown, yellowish laterally. Abdomen yellowish with a series of nearly circular dark brown median spots on the 2d, 4th, 5th and 6th abdominal segments; ventral surface reddish brown. Legs pale yellowish, irregularly tinged with reddish. Taken on hickory at Albany, N.Y. May 20, 1906. Type Cecid. 58, N.Y. State Museum. Dirhiza hamata n. sp. Female. Length 2.5; mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, rather thickly haired, dark reddish brown, 13 seg- ments. Head dark brown or black; mesonotum black, shining, with a few scattered setae laterally. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, somewhat reddish at the sides. _ Legs black; tarsi with the 1st joint and basal of the 2d dark brown, the remainder white, the 3d and 4th segments white, 5th slightly infuscated. Taken at Albany, N.Y. June 8, 1906. Type Cecid. 142, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla ampelophila n. sp. Male. . Length 1.5 mm. Antennae a little shorter tham the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face fuscous yellowish; mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown. Scutellum dark reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark yellowish brown with yellowish on the dorsum of the fourth segment, sparsely clothed with dark hairs. ~ Legs a pale fuscous yellowish, tarsi slightly darker. Taken on Virginia creeper at Albany, N.Y. July 3, 1906. Type Cecid; 450, NOY: State Museum. Porricondyla pini n. sp. Male. Length 1.5; mm. Antennae probably longer than the body, rather thickly clothed with coarse hairs, light brown, 15 seg- ments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines with yellowish hairs. Scutellum pale orange with sparse ap- ical setae; postscutellum slightly darker; abdomen rather dark ee a ae | | REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 145 brown. Genitalia pale orange and rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw color. Taken on white pine at Albany, N.Y. June 10, 1906. Wype Cecid. 221, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla pinea n. sp. Male. Length2mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, yellowish brown, basally yellowish, 15 or 16 segments. Mes- onotum light brown, yellowish posteriorly, submedian lines broad, yellowish, scutellum light reddish, postscutellum yellowish. Ab- domen pale salmon, the color slightly deeper on the basal and antipenultimate segments. Genitalia fuscous yellowish; legs a nearly uniform light fuscous yellowish. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 24, 1906. Type Cecid. a1622, N.Y. State Museum, Porricondyla carolinae n. sp. Male. Length 1.3 mm. Antennae } longer than the body, sparsely haired, yellowish brown, yellowish basally, 16 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum fuscous yellowish, submedian lines yellowish, the area between the submedian lines distinctly lighter than the sublateral areas. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish; abdomen fuscous yellow. Genitalia slightly fuscous; legs a nearly uniform yellowish fuscous. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 26, 1906. Type Cecid. a1624, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla trifolii n. sp. Male. Length.75 mm. Antennae almost three times as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, at least 14 and probably 16 segments. Face fuscous; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct; scutellum pale orange; postscutellum and abdomen dark brown. Genitalia slightly fuscous, sparsely clothed with yel- lowish hairs. © Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. Taken on white clover at Albany, N.Y. July 3, 1906. Type Cecid. 455, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla diervillae n. sp. Male. Lengthimm. Antennae 4!longer than the body, sparse- ly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 16 segments. Face yel- 146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lowish; mesonotum reddish, submedian lines yellow. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen pale yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. Taken on bush honeysuckle at Karner, N.Y. July 5, 1906. Type Cecid. 485, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla hamata n. sp. Male. Length3mm. Antennae + longer than the body, sparsely clothed with long hairs, fuscous yellowish, probably 16 segments. Face yellowish, the mouth parts carmine; mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines narrow, yellowish. Scutellum pale yellowish, postscutellum yellowish; abdomen fuscous yellow, the segments margined posteriorly with fuscous. Genitalia light fuscous. Legs fuscous yellowish, the last tarsal segments of the 1st and 2d pair of legs and the 2 distal segments of the 3d pair of legs yellowish. Taken at Davidson’s River, N.C. September 26, 1906. Type Cecid. a1626, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla flava n. sp. Male. Length 1mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, at least 12 and probably 14 or more segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum pale brownish apically, yellowish posteriorly. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen light yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw color. Taken on soft maple at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecidy 151, N.Y Stace iMiuseum: Porricondyla graminis n. sp. Female. Length 1mm. Antennae about as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 12 segments. Mesonotum dark brown; scutellum deep carmine; postscutellum reddish. Abdomen reddish brown, lighter distally. Legs a nearly uniform pale brown. Taken on quack grass at Albany, N.Y. July 14, 1906. Type Cecid. 570, N. Y. State Museum. Porricondyla sylvestris n. sp. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 12 segments. Mesono- tum dark brown, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and post- : | ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 147 scutellum dark brown; abdomen yellowish; legs a nearly uniform pale straw color. Taken on low plants in balsam woods at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Mpe Cecid. 175, N. Y. State Museum. Porricondyla quercina n. sp. © Female. Length1.5;mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with coarse hairs, dark brown, 12 segments. Face fuscous; mesonotum dark brown with the sublateral and median posterior areas yellow. Scutellum pale reddish, postscutellum yellow. Abdomen dark brown; coxae and base of femora yellowish, distal portion of femora yellowish brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Taken on scrub oak at Karner, N.Y. May 19, 1906. Type Cecid. 62, N.Y. State Museum. Porricondyla altifila n. sp. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous, 12 segments. Mesonotum and scutellum reddish yellow, the latter with a fuscous line at the apex; postscu- tellum and abdomen yellowish. Legs with the anterior ones fuscous at the base; tarsi paler, posterior legs pale. Taken on skunk cabbage at Karner, N.Y. June 26, 1906. Type Cecid. 398, N.Y. State Museum. | Porricondyla borealis n. sp. Female. Length1.5;mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum reddish brown, submedian lines yellowish; ~scutellum yellowish apically, postscutellum and abdomen dark red-_ dish brown. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown; tibiae and tarsi slightly darker. Taken on spruce at Lake Clear, N.Y. June 7, 1906. Type Cecid. 155, N.Y. State Museum. Asynapta cerasi n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with whitish hairs, light brown, yellowish 148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM basally, 23 segments. Face pale yellowish; mesonotum rather dark brown, the posterior median area yellowish, submedian lines narrow, distinctly yellowish, irregularly margined with coarse setae; scutel- lum pale orange-yellow with sparse apical setae; postscutellum concolorous. Abdomen somewhat variably orange yellowish; genitalia slightly fuscous; legs a rather dark straw-brown, lighter ventrally. | Taken on cherry at Albany, N.Y. June 12, 1906. Type Cecid. 236, N.Y. State Museum. Asynapta photophila n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae 4+ longer than the body, sparsely haired, light brown annulate with yellow, 28 segments. Face yellowish; mesonotum reddish brown with distinct lighter submedian lines ornamented with yellowish hairs; posterior median area yellowish. Scutellum reddish brown with sparse apical hairs; postscutellum and abdomen a slightly variable reddish brown. Legs long, a nearly uniform pale straw color. Taken in trap lantern at Nassau, N.Y. June 3, 1906. Type Cecid. 119, N.Y. State Museum. Winnertzia furcata n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely clothed with whorls of long hairs, fuscous, 16 segments. Head tes- taceous; mesonotum dark brown, sparsely clothed with long hairs. Scutellum and postscutellum testaceous; abdomen testaceous with the lateral margins darker and sparsely clothed with short pale hairs. Legs testaceous at base, becoming dark brown at the top, the 2 basal tarsal segments of the anterior legs brown, the others yellow. The basal and most of the second tarsal segment of the posterior legs brown, the tip of the 2d and the other remaining segments white; articulations pale straw. Taken at Nassau, N.Y. June 21, 1906. Type Cecid. 336, N.Y. State Museum. Winnertzia carpini n. sp. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown, 13 segments. Mesonotum yellowish brown, rather thickly clothed along the broad median area with fine e oy ee. a one REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 I49 yellowish hairs. Scutellum yellowish with sparse apical hairs, post- scutellum a little darker. Abdomen yellowish brown, the basal segments and genitalia darker. Coxae and femora yellowish trans- parent, the latter slightly fuscous apically. Tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish brown. Taken on ironwood or blue beech at Albany, N.Y. June 1, 1906. Type Cecid. 106, N.Y. State Museum. Winnertzia solidaginis n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae probably as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably at least 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines with sparse setae; scutel- lum fuscous brown, yellowish apically, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown. Legs a nearly uniform pale yellowish; tarsi variably tinged with pale orange. Taken on goldenrod or-aster at Albany, N.Y. July 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 508, N. Y. State Museum. ADDENDA Campylomyza dilatata n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, 14 segments; face fuscous yellowish, eyes large, black. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum yellowish, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a variable fuscous yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform light fuscous yellowish. Easily recognized by the short, stout, greatly dilated subtriangular terminal clasp segment. . Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light fuscous yellowish, 13 segments. Color characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass., from earth containing seeds and vegetable debris. Type Cecid. 1109, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera convolvuli n. sp. Male. Length 2.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 17 segments; face rather thickly clothed with silvery white scales. _Mesonotum dark brown, rather thickly_and evenly clothed 150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with yellowish white scales. Scutellum reddish brown with a few coarse setae apically, postscutellum darker. Abdomen a rich dark brown, the first segment rather broadly banded posteriorly with silvery white, the others with submedian rows of small, lunate | silvery white spots and sublateral rows of rather prolonged, silvery white spots, particularly on the second, third and fourth segments, venter suffused with silvery white, genitalia fuscous. Halteres a nearly uniform yellowish orange. Legs mostly a dark brown, the basal half of femora, the femoro-tibio articulation, the extremity of the tibiae and narrow basal anntlations on the tarsal segments yellowish white, the bands wider on the posterior legs. Female. Length 2.5mm. Antennae with 20 segments. Meso- notum dark brown, sparsely margined laterally and anteriorly with rather long, yellowish hairs, the submedian lines rather thickly ornamented posteriorly with yellowish hairs. Other markings about as in the opposite sex. Bred from a fusiform stem gall on hedge bind-weed, Convol- vulus sepium, May t41907, Type Cecid. a1465, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera cylindrigallae n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, dark brown, sparsely haired, 15 or 16 segments; face with a conspicuous patch of silvery white scales, the eyes distinctly margined posteriorly with a rather broad band of silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, variably margined laterally and anteriorly with silvery white and yellowish scales, the submedian lines rather sparsely clothed with golden yellow hairs, the median and sublateral areas rather uniformly clothed with short, golden yellow hairs. Scutellum dark brown with numerous yellowish setae apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with large, submedian rows of lunate, silvery white spots, the latter on the posterior margins of the segments and extending to the lateral line; genitalia dull yellowish, slightly fuscous apically, venter suffused with silvery white scales. Halteres a nearly uni- form pale yellowish. Legs with coxae mostly fuscous, the base of femora yellowish white, the distal portion of tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the latter darker, Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae with a1 to 22 segments. Color characters about as in the opposite sex. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 I5I Bred from a uniform enlargement of the upper portions of solidago stems, the gall being ro cm long by .7 cm in diameter and occurring usually just below the point where the branches arise. Taken at Staten Island April 2, 1907. Adults bred May 6. Type Cecid. ar408, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera humulicaulis n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, basa! segments fuscous yellowish, 21 segments; face sparsely clothed with whitish scales, eyes small, narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly clothed with long, golden yeilow scales; laterally there is a narrow margin of yellowish and silvery white scales, the general surface rather thickly clothed with fine, yellowish scales. Scutellum dark brown with rather numerous yellowish setae apically, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen dark brown with submedian rows of rather large, lunate, silvery white spots, the markings on the posterior margins of segments one to six, the seventh segment and genitalia yellowish orange. Halteres semitransparent basally, pale orange distally. Legs with coxae and basal portion of femora pale yel- lowish, the remainder dark brown. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown, the basal segments yellowish, 25 segments. Color characters nearly as in the opposite Eex. Bred May 2, 1907 from a long stem gall on hop. This is a uni- form swelling some 50 cm in length, about 1 cm in diameter and with a hollow, blackened interior inhabited by numerous larvae. ieiken by Henry Bird at Rye, N. Y., April 17, 1907. Type Cecid. ar446, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera lactucae n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 19 segments. Mesonotum thickly clothed with bronzy scales. Scutellum yellowish with a few apical setae, postscutellum apparently dark brown. Abdomen dark brown or black, with submedian rows of lunate, silvery white marks on the posterior margins¥of the segments. 152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Ovipositor yellowish. Legs fuscous yellowish, the tarsi brown, the distal tarsal segments darker. Male. [Length 2 mm. Antennae with 17 segments. Colag characters presumably nearly as in the opposite sex. Bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. f om tumor gall on the top of wild lettuce stalks. Type Cecid. 1102, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera lycopi n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 segments; face with a conspicuous patch of yellowish white scales, the black eyes mar- gined posteriorly with silvery white, especially laterally. Meso- notum shining black, sparsely margined laterally with silvery white scales, the submedian lines faintly indicated by a few hairs. Scutellum a deep reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a rich brownish black with a submedian row of small, lunate, silvery white spots, the latter on the posterior margins of the segments; laterally there is a row of irregular, silvery white spots slightly produced anteriorly and resting on the posterior margin of each segment; venter dark brown with the median line, the posterior and anterior margins of the segments clothed with silvery white scales. Halteres a pale yellowish salmon, the coxae and base of femora a pale yellowish, distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the articulations marked by narrow, white annulations, the latter broader on the posterior tarsi. Bred May 17, 1907 from an oval, fusiform stem gall on bugleweed, Ly. COs piis¢) Copa, Maen ase Type Cecid. a1348, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera rosea n. sp. Female. Lengtlt 2 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 22 segments; face rather thickly clothed with whitish scales. Mesonotum dark brown, rather thickly bordered laterally and anteriorly with golden yellow scales, submedian lines thickly clothed with similar scales. Scutellum brownish black, yellowish apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a dark brown or black, the segments narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white; ovipositor pale orange, venter,irregularly suffused with silvery white scales. Halteres a PE TE RS ee ne ee Se ee tae Lee ite REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 153 pale yellowish orange. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown or black, the posterior pair with very narrow, white annulations at the base of the first tarsal segment. Bred May 16, 1907 from an oval blister gall on the young leaves Meoolidago rugosa. Type Cecid. a1474, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera vitinea n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely hairei, dark brown, the basal segments yellowish, 23 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, variably white margined anteriorly and laterally. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen a dark brown, the basal seg- ment thickly clothed with silvery white scales, the second to sixth segments narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white scales; a crenulate white line laterally. Ovipositor pale yellowish. Hal- teres pale yellow basally, yellowish white apically. Coxae and femora fuscous yellowish, tibiae light brown, tarsi dark brown. Bred June 15, 1907, from a leaf petiole gall on grape, taken on Staten Island, N. Y. Type Cecid. ar4rs5, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura albitarsis n. sp. Male. Length 2.5mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 20 segments. Mesonotum a shining dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen evidently badly denuded, a deep salmon with numerous dark brown or black scales dorsally. Halteres yellowish transparent, tarsi dark brown, the segments annulate basally with silvery white. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally, 24 to 25 segments, eyes narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark brown or black, broadly margined laterally and anteriorly with silvery white, submedian lines rather thickly clothed with yellowish scales. Scutellum dark brown, _ thickly clothed apically with whitish scales, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown or black, with submedian rows of lunate, silvery white spots. Halteres pale orange basally, light yellowish apically. Legs mostly a dark brown, the articulations [54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM narrowly annulate with silvery white, those on the posterior tarsi broad, the most of the fourth and fifth segments yellowish white: Bred May 18, 1907 from a stem gall much resembling that of Lasioptera desmodii Felt and taken in open woods am NassaueN 7 ¥- Type Cecid. a1477, N. VY. State Musetiar Choristoneura eupatorii n. sp. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments sparsely clothed with silvery scales ventrally, 17 segments; eyes black, margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark brown or black, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum yellowish or fuscous brown. Abdomen dark brown with submedian rows of small, lunate, silvery white spots, the markings being on the posterior margin of the first to sixth segments, the terminal segments fuscous yellowish, the venter suffused with silvery white scales. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs dark brown, the first tarsal segment and narrow basal annulations on the second to fifth, white. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae with 23 segments. The other color characters about as in the opposite sex. | Bred May 2, 1907 from an oval or subglobular swelling on the stem of presumably Eupatorium ageratoirdes, thick packed with numerous Cecidomyid larvae in closely webbed cocoons. Rather rare on Staten Island. Type Cecid. a1413, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura flavolunata n. sp. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark reddish brown, 21 segments; face reddish brown, sparsely clothed with whitish scales, mouth parts fuscous apically. Mesonotum dark brown, almost black, the base of the wing insertions reddish. Scutellum dark brown, with a few yellowish setae apically, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown, almost black, the incisures of the latter dusky reddish, the dorsum of the eighth segment and the ovipositor fuscous yel- lowish; laterally, though hardly ventrally there is a broken band of five somewhat conspicuous subquadrate patches of silvery white REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 155 scales, the venter sparsely clothed with silvery white scales. Legs a nearly uniform black. Bred from several oval, yellowish, marginal, blister galls on solidago. Type Cecid. ar430, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura hamata n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 segments; face fuscous with a few whitish scales; head rather thickly clothed with pale yellowish scales posteriorly. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely margined laterally and anteriorly with yellowish hairs, submedian lines rather thickly clothed with the same. Scutellum dark brown with a few whitish scales, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown or black with submedian rows of conspicuous lunate, silvery white spots. Genitalia, fuscous yellowish. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs a variable brown, the tarsi dark brown. Female. Length 2.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 20 to 22 segments. Other color characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred April 28 and May 18, 1907 from an oval gall on the stem of an unknown weed taken at Albany, N. Y. This enlargement somewhat resembles that made by Lasiopteradesmodii Felt. Type Cecid. a1458, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura hibisci n. sp. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown, 16 segments; face fuscous with a conspicuous patch of silvery white scales, the black eyes narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark brown, narrowly and irregularly margined laterally with golden yellow scales, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with golden yellow hairs.. Scutellum dark brown, sparsely ornamented with silvery white scales and with a few long setae apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown or black, with submedian rows of somewhat irregular, sublunate, silvery white spots. Halteres pale salmon basally, whitish trans- parent apically. Legs mostly dark brown, the articulations annu- late with white, the bands broader on the posterior tarsi. 156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Female. Length 2.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments fuscous yellowish, 23 segments; eyes narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum a rich dark brown, the anterior lateral angles narrowly margined with silvery white, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with light golden yellow scales and with broad, submedian, golden vittae anteriorly. Scutellum dark brown or black, rather thickly clothed with silvery white scales, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a rich dark brown, with submedian rows of silvery white, transverse, lunate spots on seg- ments one to seven posteriorly; in addition there is a series of longitudinal, lunate spots just above the stigmatal line. Ovi- positor pale yellowish, the venter suffused with silvery white scales» except the rather indistinct, yellowish submedian lines. The white scales on the under surface are prolonged laterally and on the margins of the segments, and form a series of triangular marks. Halteres pale yellowish basally and apically, pale salmon sub- apically. Legs with the femora and coxae basally variably yel- lowish, the other portions of the legs dark brown, except the base of the tibia and the first tarsal segment, which are narrowly annu- late with yellowish white; otherwise the anterior and mid tarsi are nearly uniform brownish black, the posterior tarsi with the extrem- ities of the second tarsal segment narrowly, and those of the others broadly annulate, except the distal end of the fifth segment, with silvery white. Bred April 25, 1907 from slightly enlarged stems of the rose marsh mallow, Hibiscus moscheutos, taken on Staten island ING Ve : Type Cecid. ar41o, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura perfoliata n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae very short, sparsely. haired, dark brown, 18 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with yellowish setae. Scutellum yellowish brown with a few sparse setae apically, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen dark brown, the segments narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white, the eighth mostly pale yellowish, genitalia fuscous. Legs dark brown, the anterior and mid tarsi narrowly, and the posterior tarsi broadly banded with cinereous. oe oa ee eee ee eS ee Ys oak tnt ~~ ee ee ne, a REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1900 © 157 Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, 24 segments. res ERLE nearly as in the opposite sex. Bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of *Clark University, Worcester, Mass. from an oval stem gall on Eupatorium perfolt- atum. Type Cecid. r101, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura canadensis n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, a few of the terminal segments red- dish, the basal segments and mouth parts fuscous yellowish, 17 segments; eyes broadly margined posteriorly with fine, yellowish hairs. Mesonotum reddish brown, sometimes darker, submedian lines narrow, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum pale yellowish red with a few coarse setae apically, postscutellum and abdomen pale salmon, the latter sparsely clothed with fine hairs; genitalia fuscous. Halteres and basal portion of femora pale yellowish, distal portion of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi a variable fuscous brown. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal :egment, sparsely haired, dark brown, slightly reddish distally, the basal segments fuscous yellowish, 13 segments. Other characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred May 1, 1907 from Cecidomyid larvae infesting the seeds. of the white spruce, Abies alba. Taken by Dr James Fletcher in the vicinity of Ottawa, Canada in April 1907. Type Cecid. a1428, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura flavotibialis n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly clothed with whorls of long hairs, fuscous yellowish, 11 segments; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum a fuscous greenish yellow, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with long, fuscous hairs. Scutellum a light reddish yellow with long setae apically, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark yellowish red, thickly clothed with dark brown scales and with the segments margined posteriorly with long, dark brown setae, the seventh segment and genitalia fuscous yellowish, venter yellowish red, rather thickly clothed with dark brown scales, except for a narrow 158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM median line; pleurae and coxae yellowish transparent, the latter with the anterior pair of legs rather thickly clothed with long, black setae; femora mostly dark brown or black, yellowish basally; tibiae a nearly uniform yellowish, tarsi fuscous yellowish, the three distal segments black. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, 10 seg- ments. Other characters about as in the opposite sex, except that the tibiae have the distal half fuscous yellowish, darker apically. Adults bred May 7 and 8 from decaying wood infested by fungus and covered by moss. Taken at Nassau, N. Y. Type Cecid. ar454, N. Y. State Museum. Asphondylia sobrina n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, light yellowish, 14 segments; face fuscous yellowish, eyes large, black. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Scutellum reddish yellow, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown, genitalia yellowish, fuscous distally. Halteres semitransparent basally and apically, fuscous yellowish subapically. Legs a variable light fuscous yellowish. 3 Female. Length 3.5 mm. Face yellowish. Mesonotum a light fuscous orange, the submedian lines lighter. Scutellum pale yellow, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale orange, the distal segments lighter. Other characters about as in the opposite sex. Collected and bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. from earth containing elm keys and vegetable debris. Type Cecid. 1108, N. Y. State Museum. -Rhopalomyia arcuata n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae probably as long as the body, sparsely haired, pale straw color and with at least 15 segments; face dark brown. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely ornamented with fuscous hairs. Scutel- lum yellowish brown with sparse hairs apically, postscutellum orange brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly clothed with fuscous hairs. Halteres yellowish transparent basally, fuscous apically, coxae fuscous yellowish, rather thickly clothed with fuscous hairs. : + ¥ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 159 Legs nearly uniform pale straw, the femora rather sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs. Swept from solidago or sweetfern at Albany, N.Y., June 4, 1906. ieee Ceeid. 124, N. Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia astericaulis n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae probably extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 18 seg- ments. Mesonotum reddish brown, darker laterally, the sub- median lines rather thickly clothed with long hairs. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown with the segments margined posteriorly with long hairs. Halteres whitish transparent basally, fuscous apically. Legs a somewhat variable dark brown. . Collected and bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. from an oval twig gall on aster. Probably an inguiline with Choristoneura ramuscula Beutm. Type Cecid. r107a, N. Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia thompsoni n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, the basal and distal segments tinged with reddish; 19 segments. Mesonotum dark reddish, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine setae. Scutellum pale salmon, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a deep brick-red with heavy bands of black scales, genitalia fuscous. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly black, the coxae and base of femora a variable yellowish. Female. Length 4mm. Color characters nearly as in the opposite Sex. Collected and bred by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. from a globular or ovoid, fleshy gall on the root- peock of SOlidago rugosa. Type Cecid. 1100, N. Y. State Museum. Oligotrophus asplenifolia ‘n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired,’ light fuscous yellowish, 15 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the narrow submedian lines and posterior median area yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdo- men a deep orange yellow, the distal segments paler, the incisures 160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and pleurae pale salmon, genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs pale yellowish, the femora dorsally blackish, tibiae and tarsi progressively fuscous apically. Female. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae with presumably 15 segments, other characters about as in the male. Collected and reared by Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. from a fleshy fold or lamina near the midvein on leaves of sweet fern. Type Cecid. 1103; N: Y. State Migsemm: Hormomyia crataegifolia n. sp. Male. Length 4mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with whitish hairs, a few scattered hairs on the lateral borders. Scutellum dark brown, with a few whitish hairs on each side, postscutellum slightly darker. Abdomen dark red, pleurae darker. Halteres and coxae yellowish red, the remainder of the legs a little paler, with the tarsi somewhat whitish. Female. Length 4 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, yellowish red or reddish, sparsely haired, 14 segments. Colorational characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred from whitish, oval cocoons adhering to Crataegus leaves. Larvae taken from the cockscomb gall on Crataegus. Type Cecid. a1362, N. Y. State Museum. Hormomyia needhami n. sp. Male. Length 6 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, finely haired, pale fuscous yell wish, the stems semitransparent, 26 segments; face fuscous. Mesonotum yellowish, the anterior and lateral margins bordered by fuscous, the latter slightly produced on the median line. Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish, the latter dark brown posteriorly. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Halteres’ fuscous yellowish. Legs a variable fuscous yellowish. Taken by Dr James Gs Needham at Lake Forest, Ill., June 6, 1906. Type Cecid. 788, N. Y. State Museum. Hormomyia truncata n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, pale yellowish, 23 segments; mouth parts fuscous REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 161 yellowish. Mesonotum a nearly uniform dark reddish brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum yellowish red, postscutellum slightly yellowish basally, reddish yellow distally. Abdomen rather thickly clothed with long, fuscous hairs, reddish yellow, the genitalia dark orange. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable dark brown and‘reddish yellow, the distal tarsal segments mostly reddish yellow. Taken by Mr J. G. Jack, near Boston, Mass. ieee Cecid. 817, N. Y. state Museum. Contarinia consobrina n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, pale yellowish or reddish, 14 segments; face yel- lowish. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish, post scutel- lum fuscous mesially, yellowish laterally. Abdomen yellowish red, fuscous laterally. Coxae, femora and tibiae pale yellowish, tarsi yellowish or variably suffused with carmine. Maivenat Karner, N. Y., May 16, 1906 on fern. Type Cecid. 61, N. Y. State Museum. Contarinia tiliae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, rather thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum an orange brown. Abdomen light brown. Halteres yellow and reddish transparent. Legs mostly yellowish transparent, extremities of tibiae and tarsi with a distinct reddish cast. Taken at Karner, N. Y., May 16, 1906 on basswood. Type Cecid. 25, N. Y. State Museum. Winnertzia calciequina n. sp. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments; face greenish yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine, silvery hairs. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen yellowish green basally, the apical segments light brown. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, tarsi nearly uniform fuscous. . Taken at Albany, N. Y. July 16, 1906 on pine: Type Cecid. 561, N. Y. State Museum. 162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lasioptera caulicola n. sp. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae very short, sparsely haired, dark brown, 23 segments; face sparsely clothed with silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, rather broadly margined laterally and anteriorly with silvery white, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments silvery white dorsally, the third and fourth segments rather broadly margined along the median third posteriorly with silvery white, the second segment with an elongate median white dot on the posterior margin, ovi- positor pale yellowish. MHalteres pale yellowish, apically a lght salmon. Coxae fuscous basally, yellowish apically, femora and tibiae dark brown, irregularly and broadly banded at the extremi- ties with silvery white, tarsi dark brown. Bred June 3, 1907 from apparently normal stems of bush-honey- suckle. Type Cecid. a1469a, N. Y. State Museum. Lasioptera palustris n. sp. Male. lLengthi.75mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments yellow- ish, 20 segments; face fuscous yellowish with a rather conspicuous patch of silvery white scales, eyes narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, variably margined laterally and anteriorly with silvery white, the submedian lines thickly clothed with golden yellow scales, posterior median area reddish brown. Scutellum pale reddish brown with a few yellowish setae apically, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments silvery white, the second to fourth segments rather broadly, and the fifth and sixth segments narrowly margined with silvery white, the latter obsolete laterally, the eighth segment pale orange; genitalia fuscous vellowish, venter dark brown with a broad median, silvery white stripe. Halteres pale salmon. Legs mostly brown, the extremities of femora and tibiae variably annulate with light yellowish, the tarsi dark brown. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae with 25 segments. Color characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred May 24, 1907 from a very irregular, fusiform or subglobular stem gall occurring upon an unknown plant in marshy places at West Nyack, N. Y. Type Cecid. a1443, N. Y. State Museum, eS. SS OU LD lh ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 163 Choristoneura erigerontis n. sp. Male. Length 2.25 mm. Antennae very short, not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally, 14 segments; face with a conspicuous patch of silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with yellowish setae. Scutellum dark reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with rather larg2, submedian lunate spots on the posterior margin of each segment, incisures pale salmon, genitalia fuscous; venter suffused with silvery white scales. Halteres pale salmon. Legs mostly a variable dark brown, the basal two thirds of femora yellowish, tibiae and the first and last tarsal segments banded basally, and the others narrowly annulate basally and apically with silvery white, the annulations broader on the posterior legs. Female. Length 2.5mm. Antennae with 16 segments. Colo- rational characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred -May 29, 1907 from fusiform stem galls on horseweed, mameseron canadense, taken at Albany, N. Y. Type Cecid. ar427a, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura modesta n. sp. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, brown, lighter apically, 18 seg- ments; face sparsely clothed with light scales. Mesonotum black, sparsely margined laterally and anteriorly by pale setae, a few light ones before the wings and on the pleurae. Scutellum a little lighter than the mesonotum. Abdomen black, the segments margined posteriorly with a very narrow line of light scales, inter- rupted mesially and with a few scattered light scales laterally. Halteres whitish basally, translucent apically, fuscous subapically. Legs black above, lighter beneath. Male. Length 2.25 mm. Antennae with 14 segments. Color characters nearly as in the opposite sex. Bred May 20, 1907 presumably from small, oval swellings appear- ing much like arrested buds, on the stems of horseweed, Erigeron canadense, taken at Albany, N. Y. Type Cecid. a1427, N. Y. State Museum. 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM " Cecidomyia ramuli n. sp. Female. Length 2.5; mm. Antennae extending to the fifth ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, 14 segments; face light fuscous yellowish, eyes rather large, black. Mesonotum yellowish brown, the submedian lines lighter, rather thickly clothed with long hairs, the posterior median area light reddish yellow. Scutellum light reddish with a few apical setae, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen deep reddish orange, the .segments sparsely clothed posteriorly with fine hairs. Halteres yellowish transparent basally and apically, light fuscous subapically. Coxae and base of femora yellowish transparent, the remainder of femora, tibiae and tarsi a uniform dark brown, the second and third tarsal segments on the posterior legs fuscous yellowish. Bred May 25, 1907 from a small, monothalamous, almost im- perceptible enlargement on the smaller twigs of Cornus pani- eculat.a > takenat Albany. Ness Type Cecid. a1384, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura solani n. sp. Femaie. Length 1.5; mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, 23 segments, the black eyes sparsely margined posteriorly with silvery white. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, broadly and irregularly margined laterally and anteriorly with yellowish white, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with short, yellowish setae. Scutellum reddish yellow with a few small setae apically, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, the first abdominal segment thickly clothed with yellowish white scales, the second to fifth segments narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white, the latter rather broadly interrupted along the median lines; ovipositor pale yellowish, venter rather thickly suffused with silvery white scales. Halteres pale yellowish transparent. Coxae and base of femora mostly pale yellowish, the other parts of the legs a variable dark brown, the tarsi lighter. Bred April 16, 1896 from stem gallon Solanum caroli- nense taken at Ivy Ci sD: Type Cecid. 903, N. Y. State Museum, No. 6822 U. S. Bureau Entomology. A REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 165 Asphondylia diervillae n. sp. Female. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, grayish brown, 14 segments; face fuscous, eyes large, black, margined posteriorly with long, fuscous setae. Mesonotum dull slate color, irregularly margined laterally with long, grayish setae, the submedian lines thickly clothed with similar setae. Scutellum slaty gray with long setae apically, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown, the segments sparsely margined posteriorly with long, gray setae, pleurae and abdomen rather thickly clothed with yellowish white setae. MHalteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically, coxae a dull gray, the base of femora dull yellowish, the other portions of the legs dark brown, the tarsi darker, almost black. Bred May 23, 1907 from a green bud gall on bush-honeysuckle taken at Albany, N. Y. Type Cecid. a1469, N. Y. State Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 7 Ae en a) oh bi 167 oe ee ene, a a ee ir es sts ‘ : J ay , ‘ on i af Meg” ; ‘ a ay ee r= s : i ake Thysania zenobia Cramer, natural size EOC ees . ae ask , A ae Fees ve Plate 1 Jona, Cra io Cre Sania Zeno WD lat yy =f _ Work of the sugar maple borer. Photograph of a sugar maple tree which was half girdled by the sugar maple borer (Plagionotus speciosus Say) in September 1889. Photographed November 1906 170 i Plate 2 4 Le Roy, N. Y. Nov. 1906 Work of sugar maple borer Apple twig from Annandale, N. Y., showing 10 year old oviposition scars of the LZ veat cicada (Tibicen septendecim Linn.). The injury was inflicted in 1896; photographed September 1906 t 172 ieee : Photo July 1906 Work of periodical cicada _ INDEX The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths; e. g. 120° means page 129, beginning in the third ninth of the page, i. e. about one third of the way down. abhamata, Lasioptera, 108’. abnormis, Choristoneura, 110’. absobrina, Rhabdophaga, 113’. acericola, Phenacoccus, 57°%-58', 72’, Wee acerifolia, Campylomyza, Io1’. Dasyneura, II5°. Mycodiplosis, 127’. Rhabdophaga, 112°. Rhopalomyia, 121°. acerifolii, Pemphigus, 77°. acerifolius, Oligotrophus, 124’. acerina, Cecidomyia, 136°. Mycodiplosis, 129”. aceris, Oligotrophus, 122’. acernea, Cecidomyia, 143°. Albany, employment of forester, 40°. albitarsis, Choristoneura, 153°-54°. albomaculata, Choristoneura, 111’. albotarsa, Cecidomyia, 132°-337. alternata, Mycodiplosis, 126'-27’. altifila, Asphondylia, 119°. Porricondyla, 147°. americana, Malacosoma, 66*, 67°, 68’, 68", 70’; ampelophila, Contarinia, 132°. Porricondyla, 144°. Anasa tristis, 67°. angulata, Cecidomyia, 135°. annulata, Rhabdophaga, 113°. americana, Hormomyia, 125”. antiopa, Euvanessa, 56°. Paes 75). fed, 73°. mpnids, 66°, 66°, 67°, 71°. Apple aphids, 66°. Apple maggot, 72°, 777. Appletree, injurious insects, 70°. codling moth, 68°. oriental slug caterpillar, 48°. Appletree borer, round-headed, 70°. 173 Appletree caterpillar, 45°. yellow-necked, 45°, 67°. Aquatic insects, 41°. Arbor-vitae, juniper scale injuring, 58°. arcuata, Rhopalomyia, 158°-59°. Army worm, 77’. Arrowwood, Lasioptera consobrina on, 105°. Arrowwood, maple-leaved, Contarinia viburni on, 132°. Lasioptera viburni on, 104°. Arsenical poisons, 45),) 50,5 570576 59,159 si) ye Ash, Campylomyza vitinea on, 98". Cecidomyia fraxini on, 138%. rubroscuta on, 143’. Ash, mountain, see Mountain ash. Ashes, 73%: aspakagt, Crocenis,. 535.07 - Asparagus beetle, 67°, 67*, 67°. common, 53°. twelve spotted, 53°. Asphondylia altifila, 119°. carpini, 119°. diervillae, 165°. fulvopedalis, 118°. multifila, 118°. rubi, I19°-20°. sobrina, 158°. transversa, 118’. Aspidiotus perniciosus, 49°-52°, 66’, ZOO Miange) 725733 74+. 77's gai asplenifolia, Oligotrophus, 159°-60°. Aster, Cecidomyia asteris on, 142%. Cecidomyia subtruncata on, 140°. Rhabdophaga annulata on, 113°. Rhopalomyia astericaulis on, 150’. Winnertzia solidaginis on, 149°. red-humped, 174 Aster laevis, Choristoneura laeviana | on. 100; Aster paniculata, Choristoneura pani- culata on, 109%. astericaulis, Rhopalomyia, 159. asteris, Cecidomyia, 142”. Asynapta cerasi, 147°-48°. photophila, 148’. Aulacaspis pentagona, 70’. Azalea, Oligotrophus azaleae on, 122’. azaleae, Oligotrophus, 122’. Bagworm, 71,725 72. Balsam, Campylomyza_ balsamicola on, 99°. Campylomyza modesta on, 99”. Contarinia balsamifera on, 131°. balsamicola, Campylomyza, 99°. balsamifera, Contarinia, 131°. basalis, Choristoneura, 100°. Basswood, Contarinia tiliae on, 161°. Oligotrophus tilaceus on, 122”. Beech, oriental slug caterpillar in- juring, 48°. Beech, blue, Asphondylia carpini on, TiO% Cecidomyia carpini on, 135°. Winnertzia carpini on, 140°. Berry moth, 73°. Betten, Cornelius, mentioned, 41°. Bezzi, Mario, contributions from, 43°, 86°. bidentata, Dasyneura, I14’. Billbugs, 75°. ; Birch, oriental slug caterpillar injur- ing, 48°. ; Birds, protection of, 76°. Black-banded scale, 72‘. Black flea beetles, 737, 77°. Black walnut worm, 59°, 66°, 67°. Black woolly bear, 68. Blackberry, Asphondylia rubi on, 120’. oriental slug caterpillar injuring, 48'. Blueberry, LG; Lasioptera canadensis on, 105’. Mycodiplosis cyanococci on, 120”. lobata on, 127%. Bordeaux mixture, 70°. Asphondylia altifila’ on, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM borealis, Dasyneura, 117°. Porricondyla, 147°. Rhabdophaga, 113°-14°. Bot flies, 70°. Box elder plant bug, 70. brassicae, Phorbia, 67%. Bremia filicis, 125°. hamamelidis, 125°. podophylli, 126’. brevicornis, Campylomyza, 97°. Oligotrophus, 122”. Bridge grafting, 55%. Brown tail moth, 40°-41*, 45°-47°, 69°, 72, 72 74, 74; 75> 759 7o eee yet established in New York State, 46°; parasites, 47°; special bulletin Onn Aze Brown woolly bear, 68°. Buckthorn, oriental slug caterpillar injuring, 48°. Bud moth, 66',-70°. Bugleweed, Lasioptera lycopi on, 152". Bush honey suckle, Asphondylia diervillae on, 165°. Lasioptera caulicola on, 162%. Micromyia diervillae on, 103°. Porricondyla diervillae on, 146°. Butternut, black walnut worm injur- ing, 50’. Cabbage maggots, 67%. Cabbage worms, 66°, 66°, 67°, 67°, 67°, 68". Caddis flies, 41°. calcanata, Saperda, 72. calciequina, Winnertzia, I61°. Campylomyza acerifolia, 101’. balsamicola, 90”. brevicornis, 97°. carolinae, 100°. carpini, I00”. cerasi, IOI’. dilatata, 149°. flavoscuta, 97°. gibbosa, 100’. graminea, 98". karnerensis, IOI’. leguminicola, 98’. lignivora, 100’. - modesta, 99°. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 175 Campylomyza (continued) photophila, 99°. pomiflorae, 99. populi, 98°—-99’. sylvestris, 97%. toxicodendri, 98’. tsugae, IOI*. vitinea, 98°. canadensis, Dasyneura, 157’. Lasioptera, 105°. candida, Saperda, 70’. Canker worms, 68’. Carbolic acid, 58’, 74°. Carbon bisulfid, 73’, 75°. carbonaria, Dasyneura, 117°. Carex vulpinoidea, Dasyneura caricis on, 116%. caricis, Dasyneura, I16. Mycodiplosis, 128°. carolinae, Campylomyza, 100°. Cecidomyia, 139%. Porricondyla, 145°. Carpenter worm, 72°. Carpet fly, 66°. carpini, Asphondylia, 119°. Campylomyza, 100°. Cecidomyia, :135’. Winnertzia, 148°-49’. Carpocapsa pomonella, 68’, 70", 72°, 77°. carueli, Diaspis, 58°. caryae, Cecidomyia, 141°-42’. Choristoneura, I10°. Contarinia, 132°. Dirhiza, 143°-44°. Halisidota, 59°. Lasioptera, 106°. Oligetrophus, 124°-25°. Case-bearer, cigar, 70°. elm, 77°. pistol, 70°. Catocha sambuci, 101°-2. solidaginis, 102%. spiraeina, I02°. sylvestris, 102”. Cattaraugus county, summary of voluntary reports from, 66°. caulicola, Lasioptera, 162*. Cecidomyia acerina, 136°. acernea, 143”. albotarsa, 132°-33°. Cecidomyia (continued) angulata, 135°. asteris, 142°. carolinae, 130°. carpini, 135°. caryae, I41°-42”. emeta, 5143", claytoniae, 133°. coryli, 142°. emarginata, 134”. eupatorii, 140’. excavata, 139°. filicis, 136°. flavomarginata, 138’. flavoscuta, 137%. fragariae, 133°. fraxini, 1384 hicoriae, 137°-38". hudsoni, 135’. incisa, 140°. juniperina, 141’. karnerensis, 141%. lobata, 136°. obesa,, 134°—35. orbiculata, 133°-34’. photophila, 134°. quercina, 137°. ramuli, 164’. recurvata, 134°. rubroscuta, 142°-43”. rugosa, I41°. subtruncata, 140°. sylvestris, 143°. toxicodendri, 137’. triangularis, 138°. tsugae, 139’. urticae, 136°. Cecidomyiidae, 43°, 777; new species, 97-165". Cedar, red, Cecidomyia hudsoni on, 135". Celtis, oriental slug caterpillar in- juring, 48°. Cephus occidentalis, 68°. cerasi, Asynapta, 147°-48". Campylomyza, Io1’. Dasyneura, 114’. Myzus, 75‘, 70°. chalybea, Haltica, 52°-53°. Cherry borers, 73". 170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cherry tree, Asynapta cerasi on, 148°. Campylomyza pomiflorae on, 99°. oriental slug caterpillar injuring, 48". Cherry tree, black, Dasyneura cerasi Oneal. Cherry tree, wild, cerasi on, IO1*. Chionaspis furfura, 48°-49°, 66’, 70°, (Ea ONT IE Chironomidae, 43°. Chokecherry, Mycodiplosis Oil, UAC Mycodiplosis quercina on, 130%. Choristoneura abnormis, I10°. albitarsis, 153°-54°. albomaculata, I11°. basalis, 109’. Caryae, 110. cinerea, III’. convoluta, IIo’. erigerontis, 163’. eupatorii, 154°. flavolunata, 154°-55°. hamamelidis, 111°-12°, Inehaaehee), TSS Jasoyien, isis See. laeviana, 108°—97. liriodendri, 1o9g‘-I0’. modesta, 163°. paniculata, 100’. perfoliata, 156°-57°. ramuscula, 159°. solani, 164°. Chortophaga viridifasciata, 68°. Chrysididae, 43. chrysorrhoea, Euproctis, see Euproc- tis chrysorrhoea. Cicada, periodical, 61°-65", 68°. Cigar case-bearer, 70’. cincta,- Cecidomyia, 143°. cinerea, Choristoneura, I11°. Lasioptera, 104’. Claytonia virginica, Cecidomyia clay- toniae on, 133°. claytoniae, Cecidomyia, 133°. Clinorhyncha filicis, 108°. Clover, Cecidomyia flavomarginata on, 138%. Contarinia, trifolii on, 132°. Campylomyza acerina Clover, red, Campylomyza legumini- cola on, 98’. Clover, sweet, Dasyneura meliloti on, 116. Clover, white, Cecidomyia lobata on, 136°. Porricondyla trifolii on, 145°. Cnidocampa flavescens, 47°48’. Codline moth, G8o570% 72.6770 Coleophora fletcherella, 70’. limosipennella, 72", 77°. malivorella, 70°. Coleoptera, contributions of, 79°; ex- change list, 88°-93”. Collections of insects, 42°-43°; con- tributions to, 42°, 78°-97’. Comstock, G. F., cited, 538°, Gomngoe concinna, Schizura, 45°. consobrina, Contarinia, 161°. Dasyneura, 118°. Lasioptera, 104°—5°. Rhabdophaga, 113%. Contarinia ampelophila, 132”. balsamifera, 131°. caryae, 132”. consobrina, I61°. imlekensy Mts sambucifolia, 131°. tilhiaes rote. Eni folie wraie ss oe viburni, 132°. violicola, 59°-61°. convolvuli, Lasioptera, 149°-50’. convoluta, Choristoreura, I10’. corni, Lasioptera, 107*s Micromyia, 102°-3°. cornifolius, Oligotrophus, 124°. Cornstalk borers, 75°. Cornus, Micromyia corni on, 103. Cornus florida, Oligotrophus corni- folius on, 124°. Cornus paniculata, Cecidomyia ramuli on, 164°. Lasioptera corni on, 107’. Corrodentia, contributions of, 82’. coryli, Cecidomyia, 142’. Mycodiplosis, 128°. Cottony maple scale, 72’. Crab apple tree, injurious insects, original slug caterpillar, 48*. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 Cramuids, 75°. Crambus sp., 75°. vulgivagellus, 74°, 77%. Crane’s-bill, wild, Dasyneura filicis Ons 116" . crataegifolia, Hormomyia, 160°. Crataegus, Hormomyia crataegifolia on, 160°. Crioceris asparagi, 53", 67°. duodecim-punctata, 53°. Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 72’. Cucumber, injurious insects: cucumber beetle, striped, 76°, 76°. cutworms, 76’. Cucumber beetles, striped, 67*, 73°, B70". Cucumber flea beetle, 66°, 66°. egcumenis, Epittix, 66°, 66°, 73°, 77°. Culicidae, 60’. Cnrcant aphids, 75’, 76’. Cugrane worms, 67', 67', 73°. Cutworms, 66°, 68%, 76°, 73°, 74°. dark sided, 53-54", 68’. cyanococci, Mycodiplosis, 128°-29°. cylindrigallae, Lasioptera, 150°-51°. Cyllene robiniae, 72°. Dark sided cutworm, 53°-54’, 68°. Dasyneura acerifolia, 115°. bidentata, 114’. borealis, 117°. canadensis, 157°. GaRbonaria, 117°. Garicis, 116. cerasi, I14’. consobrina, II8’. denticulata, 117°. filicis, 115°-16”. flavotibialis, 1577-58". hamamelidis, 116°-17°. meliloti, 116’. photophila, 114°. quercina, 116°. setosa, 115°. wiTeinica, 115°. Datana integerrima, 50°, 66°, 67°. ministra, 45°, 67°. Davis, William T., mentioned, 64°. decim-lineata, Doryphora, 66°, 67°, 67°. 177 denticulata, Dasyneura, 117°. Dermestes lardarius, 68’. desmodii, Lasioptera, 106°-7*, 154 Wesee Diabrorca vittata, 067.67. 737, 70; 70°. Diaspis carueli, 58’. Dicrodiplosis podophylli, 126%. diervillae, Asphondylia, 165°. _,Micromyia, 103°. Porricondyla, 145°-46°. dilatata, Campylomyza, 140°. Diptera, contributions of, exchange list, 93°-94°. Dirhiza caryae, 143°-44°. hamata, 144°. dispar, Porthetria, see dispar. disstria, Malacosoma, 72°. Doryphora decim-lineata, 66°, 67%, G7e Dunbar, John, cited, 58°. duodecim-punctata, Crioceris, 53°. Dutchess county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 66°-67’. 79-80 ; Porthetria Elder, Catocha sambuci on, 102°. Contarinia sambucifolia on, 131°. Elm, injurious insects: elm bark louse, 58°. oriental slug caterpillar, 48°. spiny elm caterpillar, 56. Elm, European, elm leaf beetle injur- ing, 57’. Elm, Wahoo, oriental slug caterpillar - injuring, 48°. Elm bark louse, 58. Elm borer, 72”. Elm case bearer, 72", 77°. Elm caterpillar, spiny, 56°. Elm leaf beetle, 40°, 56°-57*, 67°, 68°, 72 gi 7s, 70, 772 special bulle- tin, 40°. emarginata, Cecidomyia, 134". Mycodiplosis, 129°-30°. Entomologist, report of, 60°, 76’. ephemeraeformis, Thyridopteryx, 71°, Te Te. Ephemeridae, 41°. Epitrix cucumeris, 66°, 66°, 737, 77°. 178 NEW YORK equi, Gastrophilus, 70°. erigerontis, Choristoneura, 163’. Eriophyes pyri, 78’. Eulecanium nigrofasciatum, 72". tulipiferae, 76°. eupatorii, Cecidomyia, 140’. Choristoneura, 154°. Eupatorium ageratoides, Cecidomyia eupatoriil on, 140°. Choristoneura cupatorii on, 154°. Eupatorium perfoliatum, choristo- neura perfoliata on, 157°. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 45°-47°, 60°, G2 A274 oT. Euvanessa antiopa, 50’. Evening primrose, cutworm, sided, injuring, 68°. excavata, Cecidomyia, 139’. Exchange list, 87*-97’. Explanation of plates, 167-72. Fall webworms, 57*, 66°, 67°, 67°, 72°, Hope False maple scale, 57°-58°, 72, 77°. fenestralis, Scenopinus, 65”. Fern, Bremia filicis on, 125°. Cecidomyia filicis on, 136°. Clinorhyncha filicis on, 108’. Contarinia consobrina on, I61°. Mlicissone 13m Dasyneura filicis on, 116’. Bernald, Est cited: ASe38- Fidta, yatieida, 525 79..073 75a ae filicis, Bremia, 125°. Cecidomyia, 136°. Clinorhyncha, 108°. Contarinia, 131’. Dasyneura, 115-16’, Fitch, cited, 62°. flava, Porricondyla, 146°. flavescens, Cnidocampa, 47°-48°. flavolunata, Choristoneura, 154°-55°. dark- flavomarginata, Cecidomyia, 138°. flavoscuta, Campylomyza, 97’. Cecidomyia, 137%. flavotibialis, Dasyneura, 1577-58". Flea beetles, black, 737, 77%. fletcherella, Coleophora, 70’. Flower cricket, white, 53°. Forest insects, 58-59”. STATE MUSEUM Forest tent caterpillars, 66*, 67°, 68%, OS youre Forester, city, 40°. fragariae, Cecidomyia, 133°. fraxini, Cecidomyia, 138’. Fruit tree insects, 39-40", 45°-53°. fulvopedalis, Asphondylia, 118. furcata, Winnertzia, 148°. furfura, Chionaspis, see Chionaspis furfura. furnorum, Thermobia, 66°. fusiformis, Rhopalomyia, 120°. Galerucella luteola, 56°-57*, 67°, 68°, 72:5 74 Toe 755 Oma Gall midges, 41°-42°. Garden insects, 53-54’, 73°. Gastrophilus equi, 70%. Genesee county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 67°. gibbosa, Campylomyza, I00°. Gillett, J. R., work of, 42°. Gipsy moth, 40°41’, 45°-47*, 69°, 72°, 72, 74, 74,753 75,670 5 70 yet established in New ¥ork State, 46°; parasites, 47°; special bulletin on, 42". Goldenrod, Cecidomyia subtruncata on, 140°. Rhabdophaga annulata on, 113°. Winnertzia solidaginis on, 149%. Gossyparia spuria, 58". graminea, Campylomyza, 98". graminis, Porricondyla, 146’. Grape root worm, 30°, 52°, 735 gan 75s (Oa s Grapevine, Campylomyza vitinea on, 98". Contarinia ampelophila on, 132* Lasioptera vitinea on, 153°. steely flea beetle injuring, 52°. Grass webworm, 74’. Grasshoppers, 68". green striped, 68°. Green-headed horsefly, 77°. Green striped grasshopper, 68”. Haematobia serrata, 66°, 67°. Haines, mentioned, 61°. Hair snakes, 74°. = _ =... i =a oss”—lClUc — INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 179 Halisidota caryae, 59°. Haltica chalybea, 52°-53°. hamamelidis, Bremia, 125°. Choristoneura, I11°-12°. Dasyneura, I16°-17’. Hormaphis, 59’. hamata, Choristoneura, 155°. Dirhiza, 144°. Lasioptera, 107’. Porricondyla, 146”. Hand, J. W., mentioned, 64°. Hart, W. H., mentioned, 51%. Hazel, Cecidomyia coryli on, 142". Choristoneura basalis on, 100". Mycodiplosis coryli on, 128°. Hedge bind-weed, Lasioptera con- volvuli on, 150°. Heel fly, 70%. Heliophila unipuncta, 77%. Hellebore, 58°. Hemerocampa _ leucostigma, ee 74 7570, 77 - Hemiptera, 69°, 70°; contributions of, 82°-83"; exchange list, 95*-06’. Hemlock, Campylomyza tsugae on, TO1: Cecidomyia obesa on, 135°. tsugae on, 139°. Mycodiplosis tsugae on, 131’. Oligotrophus tsugae on, 123°. Herkimer county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 67°68". Hessian fly, 41°. hibisci, Choristoneura, 155'-56’. Hickory, Cecidomyia albotarsa on, nea Cecidomyia angulata on, 135”. caryae on, 142”. hicoriae on, 138”. Choristoneura caryae on, IIO*. Contarinia caryae on, 132°. Dirhiza caryae on, 144’. Lasioptera caryae on, 106’. Oligotrophus caryae on, 125° Hickory tussock moth, 59°. hicoriae, Cecidomyiae, 137°-38. Honeysuckle, see Bush honeysuckle. Hop, Lasioptera humulicaulis on, TS i, Hormaphis hamamelidis, 59’. Hormomyia americana, 125°. 55-50, Hormomyia (continued) crataegifolia, 160°. needhami, 160°. truncata, 160-61". Horiniess 60%) 67 67°. Hornbeam, Oligotrophus nodosus on, 12e0 Horse bot fly, 70%. Horsefly, green-headed, 77°. Horseweed, Choristoneura erigeron- tis OM, 163" Choristoneura modesta on, 163”. Horton, D. V., mentioned, 63’. Howard, L. Q., acknowledgments to, 44°; mentioned, 47*; cited, 58’. hudsoni, Cecidomyia, 135’. Mycodiplosis, 129°. humulicaulis, Lasioptera, 151’. Hydrocyanic acid gas, 61°. Hymenoptera, contributions of, 78°; exchange list, 88’. iyphantria textor, 57, 00, 07074 TE Hypoderma lineata, 70’. Ilex verticillata, Lasioptera cinerea on, 104’. impatientifolia, Lasioptera, 105'-6°. incisa, Cecidomyia, 140’. ba innumerabilis, Pulvinaria, 72‘. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees, 40°, 42". integerrima, Datana, 59°, 66°, 67°. Ironwood, Asphondylia carpini on, TTOK Campylomyza carpini on, 100°. Cecidomyia carpini on, 135°. Winnertzia carpini on, 149”. isabella, Isia, 68”. Isia isabella, 68”. Jassidae, 60, 70’. Juniper scale, 58°, 58°. juniperina, Cecidomyia, 141’. karnerensis, Campylomyza, 101’. Cecidomyia, I41°. Kerosene emulsion, 49°, 57°-58". Kertesz, C., contributions from, 86’. Kirkland, A. H., mentioned, 47’. lactucae, Lasioptera, 151°-52’. laeviana, Choristoneura, 108°-0’. 180 Land plaster, 73°. lapathi, Cryptorhynchus, 72”. lardarius, Dermestes, 68”. Larder beetle, 68’. Lasioptera abhamata, 1c8’. canadensis, I05°. caulicola, 162°. caryae, 100°. cinerea, 104’. consobrina, I104°-5*. convolvuli, 149°-50’. corni, 107°. cylindrigallae, 150-51. desmodii, 106°-7*, 154°, 155°. hamata, 107‘. humulicaulis, 151. impatientifolia, 105‘—6°. lachicae, 151 —52- lycopi, 152°. palustris 162°. quercina, 108°. rosea, 152°-53°. fibta, LOS tuberculata, 103-4’. viburni, 104°. Vitinea, 153°. Legislation relating to plant diseases and insect pests, 77°. leguminicola, Campylomyza, 98°. Leopard moth, 72”. Lepidoptera, 69°, 70°; contributions of, 80°-81°; exchange list, 94°-95’. Lepidosaphes ulmi, 66°, 69°, 70°, 72’, WS adda Leptocoris trivittatus, 70’. Lestremia pini, 103°. Lettuce, wild, Lasioptera lactucae on, T52. leucostigma, | Hemerocampa, see Hemerocampa leucostigma. Lewis, H. D., mentioned, 62°, 64°. lignivora, Campylomyza, 100’. Lime-sulfur wash, 39’, 49°, 58°, 70°, 71, 715 925 (Aigo limosipennella, Coleophora, 72", 77°. lineata, Hypoderma, 70’. lineatus, Philaenus, 77’. lineola, Tabanus, 77°. Lintner, cited, 56°. liriodendri, Choristoneura, 109’-I0’. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lobata, Cecidomyia, 136°. Mycodiplosis, 127°. Locust, Cecidomyia orbiculata on, 134. Locust borer, 72°. luteola, Galerucella, see Galerucella luteola. Lutz, F. E., mentioned, 63°. lycopi, Lasioptera, 152°. Lyman, George T., mentioned, 63°. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 66°, 72°. [35 TA Ace Mail of office, 43°. major, Rhopalomyia, 121°. Malacosoma americana, 66%, 67°, 68’, 68708 dissitian 72+. malivorella, Coleophora, 70°. Mandrake, Dicrodiplosis podophylli Ofl, 120°. Mycodiplosis alternata on, 127°. Maple, Cecidomyia acerina on, 136°. Cecidomyia emarginata on, 134°. Dasyneura acerifolia on, II5°. Mycodiplosis acerifolia on, 127°. Oligotrophus acerifolius on, 124°. Rhabdophaga absobrina on, 113°. acerifolia on, 112’. consobrina on, 113°. Rhopalomyia acerifolia on, 121°. sugar maple borer injuring, 54°. Maple, hard, false maple scale injur- ing, 57°. Maple, Japanese, oriental slug cater- pillar injuring, 48°. Maple, Norway, oriental slug cater- pillar injuring, 48°. Maple, soft, Campylomyza acoritele On, TOL. Cecidomyia acernea on, 143. excavata on, 130°. incisa on, 140’. Mycodiplosis acerina on, 129°. hudsoni on, 120°. quercina on, 130°. Oligotrophus aceris on, 122”. Porricondyla flava on, 146°. Maple borer, 72’. sugar, 54°-55.. Maple leaf aphid, woolly, 77°. | Sow oe, ae. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 181 Maple scale, cottony, 72’. false 957-58 >. 72.5. 77 Marlatt, cited, 62’. May-apple, Bremia podophylli on, 126°. Dicrodiplosis podophylli on, *126°. Mycodiplosis alternata on, 127°. May flies, 41‘. Meadow rue, Oligotrophus thalactri on, 123’. Mecoptera, exchange list, 96°. meliloti, Dasyneura, 116’. Melittia satyriniformis, 76°. Melon pests, 73°. messoria, Paragrotis, 53°-54°, 68°. ' Micromyia corni, 102°-3’. diervillae, 103°. Midges, 43%. quimistra, Datana, 45°, 67°. minuta, Mycodiplosis, 127°. Mocsary, A., contributions from, 43’, Ss. modesta, Campylomyza, 99°. Choristoneura, 163°. Monomorium pharaonis, 73°. Morehouse, F. A., mentioned,- 53°. Morrell, L. L., mentioned, 51°. Mosquitos, 43°, 69°, 76°, 77', 777; New York diversities among, 42°, 71°, Moth, South American, 39°, 45°. Moth situation in eastern Massachu- setts, 69°, 75%. Mottled willow borer, 72°. Mountain ash, oriental slug cater- pillar injuring, 48°. multifila, Asphondylia, 118°-10° Mycodiplosis acerifolia, 127". acerina, 129°. alternata, 126’-277. caricis, 128°. coryli, 128°. cyanococci, 128°-29”. emarginata, 129°-30°. hudsoni, 129°. lobata, 127°, minuta, 127°. pini, 128’. quercina, 130°. tsugae, 130-317. viburni, 130°. va Myzus cerasi, 75", 76°. Needham, James G., cited, 41°. needhami, Hormomyia, 160’. Nettle, Cecidomyia urticae on, 136°. Neuroptera, contributions of, 827; ex- change list, 96°. : Nichols, F. E., mentioned, 63°. nigrofasciatum, Eulecanium, 72”. nitela, Papaipema, 75°. niveus, Oecanthus, 53°. Nixon, Ivan L., work of, 42°, 43', 46°. nodosus, Oligotrophus, 123°. Notes for the year, 45'-65°. Nursery certificates, 43-44’. Oak, Dasyneura quercina on, 116°. oriental slug caterpillar injuring, 48°. Oak, scrub, Porricondyla quercina on 147%. Oak, white, Asphondylia multifila, IIQ. Dasyneura bidentata on, 114°. Lasioptera quercina on, 108’. Mycodiplosis quercina on, 130%. Oak, swamp white, Cecidomyia quer- cina on, 137%. obesa, Cecidomyia, 134°-35”, occidentalis, Cephus, 68". ocellana, Tmetocera, 66", 70°. Oecanthus niveus, 53°. Oestrus ovis, 70°. Office work, 43°. Oligotrophus acerifolius, 124°. aceris, 122’. asplenifolia, 159°-6o’. azaleae, 122°. brevicornis, 1227. Caryae, 124°-257, cornifolius, 124°. nodosus, 123°. pini, 124°. rhoinus, 1237. thalactri, 123%. tilaceus, 121°-22? tsugae, 123°, Onion maggots, 74". orbiculata, Cecidomyia, 133°-34?. Oriental slug caterpillar, 47°48". ] 182 Ornamental trees, insect enemies, 72". Orthoptera, contributions of, 83‘; ex- change list, 97°. Osborn, Herbert, cited, 69’, 70°. ovis, Oestrus, 70°. Oyster scale, 66°, 66°, 69°, 70°, 72’, 73°, 4 77 - palustris, Lasioptera, 162". paniculata, Choristoneura, 109°. Papaipema nitela, 75”. Paragrotis messoria, 53-54’, 68°. Parasites, of brown tail moth, 47°; of gipsy moth, 47°. Paris green, 54. Park and woodland trees, -insects affecting, 71°. Peach scale, West Indian, 70”. Pear blister mite, 78°. Pear tree, oriental slug caterpillar in- EMR ASi eae Pemphigus acerifolii, 77°. pentagona, Aulacaspis, 70°. perfoliata, Choristoneura, 156°-57’. Periodical cicada, 61°65", 68°. perniciosus, Aspidiotus, see Aspidio- tus perniciosus. Persimmon, Japanese slug caterpillar injuring, 48°. Petroleum, 52’, 72°. pharaonis, Monomorium, 73°. Phenacoccus acericola, 57°58, 72", Nk Philaenus lineatus, 77’. spumaria, 77°. Phorbia brassicae, 67%. photophila, Asynapta, 148’. Campylomyza, 99°. Cecidomyia, 134’. Dasyneura, 114’. Pine, Lestremia pini on, 103°. Mycodiplosis pini on, 128°. Oligotrophus pini on, 124°. pine weevil, white, injuring, 58’. Winnertzia calciequina on, 161°. Pine, hard, Campylomyza lignivora injuring, 100°. Pine, white, Dasyneura consobrina on, 118%. Porricondyla pini on, 145°. NEW - YORK STATE MUSEUM ‘* Pine, white (continued) Rhopalomyia pini on, 120°. Pine weevil, white, 58°-59’. pinea, Porricondyla, 145’. pini, Lestremia, 103°. Mycodiplosis, 128°. Oligotrophus, 124°. Porricondyla, 144°-45°. Rhopalomyia, 120°. Pissodes strobi, 58°-59°. Pistol case-bearer, 70°. Plagionotus speciosus, 54°-55', 72’. Plant diseases and pests, legislation relating to, 77°. Plates, explanation of, 167-72. Plecoptera, 41°. Plum, fall webworm injuring, 67°. podophylli, Bremia, 126’. Dicrodiplosis, 126°. Poison formulas, 71°. Poison ivy, Campylomyza toxicoden- dri on, 98°. Cecidomyia toxicodendri on, 137’. Polychrosis viteana, 73’. pomiflorae, Campylomcyza, 99°. pomonella, Carpocapsa, 68’, 70’, 72° 77". Rhagoletis, 72°, 77°. Pontia rapae; 66", 67°, 67, Gen Poplar, Rhabdophaga populi on, fi2 | injurious insects: oriental slug caterpillar, 48°. spiny elm caterpillar, 56°. Poplar, large leafed, Campylomyza populi on, 99’. Poplar borer, 72’. populi, Campylomyza, 98’-90". Rhabdophaga, I12°. Porricondyla altifila, 147’. ampelophila, 144’. borealis, 147’. carolinae, 145°. diervillae, 145°-46’. flava, 146°. graminis, 146°. hamata, 146°. pinea, 145°. pini, 144°-45°. quercina, 147°. al INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 183 Porricondyla (continued) sylvestris, 146°. trifolii, 1457. Ronthetria dispar, 45-47, 60, 72°, (2s 75°75, 76- Potato beetles, 66°, 67°, 67°, 67’. Potatoes, 72°; bordeaux mixture for, 8 70°. Primroses, cutworm, dark sided in- ttre, 53 Prionoxystus robinae, 72°. Pteronus ribesii, 67’, 67',73°. Publications, 42°; of Entomologist, Hist, 66.75. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 72". pyri, Eriophyes, 78°. pyrina, Zeuzera, 72°. Quack grass, Porricondyla graminis On, 146°. quercina, Cecidomyia, 137°. Dasyneura, I16°. Lasioptera, 108°. Mycodiplosis, 130”. Porricondyla, 147’. racemicola, Rhopalomyia, 120°-21°. ramuli, Cecidomyia, 164". ramuscula, Choristoneura, 159°. rapae, Pontia, 66°, 67°, 67°, 68’. Raynor, G. W., mentioned, 63’. recurvata, Cecidomyia, 134’. Red ants, 73°. Red-humped apple tree caterpillar, 45". Remedies and preventives for: ants, 75°. Reds, 73°! haeworm, 71,72, 72°. black-banded scale, 72’. black walnut worm, 50°. brown tail moth, 609’, 72°. carpenter worm, 72’. cherry borers, 73’. cicada, periodical, 65°. cucumber beetle, striped, 73°. Gurrant aphids, 75’, 76°. currant worms, 73°. eutworms, 73°. dark sided, 54’. Remedies, etc. (continued) elm borer, 72”. elm case bearer, 72’. elnalleat beetle, 575.72. 74, 75. fall webworm, 57°, 72°. flea beetle, black, 73”, 77°. steely, 53°. forest tent caterpillar, 72°. gipsy moth, 69°, 72°. grape root worm, 75°. erass webworm, 74°. leopard moth, 72”. locust borer, 72°. maple borer, 72”. Sugar, 54 —55— maple scale, cottony, 72". false, 57°-58°, 72". MOSGUItOS, 77> 77. - Oyster scale, For, 720073 peach scale, West Indian, 70’. pear blister mite, 78’. poplar borer, 72°. rose beetles, 73°, 74°, 74%. San José scale, 4952”, 70°, 70°, 71°, [2 ZONA 77 e7S SCUGhiy) ScalenAG@.70'4.73 + spiny elm caterpillar, 56°. tulip tree scale, 76°. tussock moth, hickory, 50°. white marked, 72°, 74°, 75’. violet gall midge, 61°. white flower cricket, 53°. willow-borer, mottled, 72’. wood lice, 69”. yellow-necked appletree caterpillar, 45°. Remedies and preventives for insect depredations : . arsenical poisons,’ 45°,*56’, 57°, 57°, EO P594 71 72 - ashes, 73°. bordeaux mixture, 70°. bridge grafting, 55°. carbolic acid, 58°, 74°. carbon bisulfid, 73’, 75°. hellebore, 58’. hydrocyanic acid gas, 61°. K-L mixtures, 77°. kerosene emulsion, 49°, 57°-58’. land plaster, 73°. 184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Remedies, etc. (continued) lime-sulfur wash, 39", 49‘, 58°, 70°, Tle pl 72 (Ae 7 a doe paris green, 54°. petroleum, 52°, 72°. Salta7ice scalicide, 51°. soluble oils, 51°, 70°, 72°. whale oil soap, 49’, 57°-58’. Rhabdophaga absobrina, 113. acerifolia, 112". annulata, 113°. borealis, 113°-14’. consobrina, I13*. populi, 112°. Rhagoletis pomonella, 72°, 77’. rhoinus, Oligotrophus, 123°. Rhopalomyia acerifolia, 121°. ancuata, 150501 astericaulis, “159°. fusiformis, 120°. TiajOL) aeons Pini 20% racemicola, 120°-21°. thompsoni, 150°. ribesii, Pteronus, 67, 67’, 73°: Riley,. cited, 58’, .62°. robinae, Cyllene, 72°. Prionoxystus, 72°. Rose beetles, 66°, 72°, 73°, 74°, 74°, 77°. Rose marsh-mallow, Choristoneura hibisci on, 156°. rosea, Lasioptera, 152"-7 3’. Rosebushes, aphids injuring, 67’. Round-headed borer, 70°. rubi, Asphondylia, 119*-20°. rubra, Lasioptera, 103". rubroscuta, Cecidomyia, 142°-43’. rugosa, Cecidomyia, 141°. Salt, 71°. sambuci, Catocha, 1o1°-27. sambucifolia, Contarinia, 131%. San José scale, 39’, 49°-52°, 66", 70°, 70, JU; F272, Jeep oseiae 78. Saperda calcarata, 72°. candida, 70°. tridentata, 72”. satyriniformis, Melittia, 76°. Scale insects, winter campaign against, 70°. Scalicide, 51°. Scenopinus fenestralis, 66°. Schizura concinna, 45°. Scurfy scale, 48°-49°, 66°, 66°, 70°, 72°, iS nage Sedge, Mycodiplosis 128°. septendecim, Tibicen, 61°-65', 68%. serrata, Haematobia, 66°, 67’. setosa, Dasyneura, II5°. Shad bush, Campylomyza pomiflorae on, 99°. Shade tree insects, 54°-58". Shade tree problem, 40°, 77°. Sheep bot fly, 70%. Silver fish, 66°. Sirrine, F. A., mentioned, 64’. Skunk cabbage, Porricondyla altifila On, 147, Slug caterpillar, oriental, 47°. Smith, H. D., mentioned, 63°. Snapdragon, Lasioptera impatienti- folia on, 106”. sobrina, Asphondylia, 158°. solani, Choristoneura, 164”. Solanum carolinense, Choristoneura solani on, 164”. solidaginis, Catocha, 102. Winnertzia, 140° Solidago, Of, 11S. Catocha solidaginis on, 102°. Cecidomyia rugosa on, I4I°. triangularis on, 138’. Choristoneura abnormis on, II0*.: albomaculata on, III’. convoluta on, I10’. Dasyneura carbonaria on, 117%. Lasioptera hamata on, 107’. Oligotrophus brevicornis on, 122*. Rhopalomyia arcuata on, 159°. fusiformis on, 120°. Solidago canadensis, Cecidomyia car- olinae on, 130". Rhopalomyia racemicola on, 121’. Solidago rugosa, Lasioptera rosea on, £53. ) Lasioptera rubra on, 103°. caricis on, Asphondylia_ fulvopedalis ————————————————ee ee Oe INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1906 Solidago rugosa (continued) Lasioptera tuberculata on, 104”. Rhopalomyia thompsoni on, 159°. Soluble oils, 51°, 70°, 72°. speciosus, Plagionotus, 54°-55', 72°. Sphenoephorus sp., 75°. Spiny elm caterpillar, 56”. spiraeina, Catocha, 102°. Spirea, Catocha spiraeina on, 102’. Spittle insects, 77’. Spraying calendar, 71°. Spruce, Campylomyza gibbosa on, 100°. Dasyneura borealis on, 117’. denticulata on, 117°. Porricondyla borealis on, 147°. Rhabdophaga borealis on, 114”. Spruce, white, Dasyneura canaden- Sis’ on, «157°. spumaria, Philaenus, 77’. spuria, Gossyparia, 58". Squash beetle, striped, 66°. Squash borér, 76°. Squash bug, 67°. Stalk borer, 75°. Steely flea beetle, 52°-53°. Stone flies, 41°. Strawberry, Cecidomyia fragariae on, ig es Striped cucumber beetles, 67*, 73°, RO 7. strobi, Pissodes, 58°-59°. subspinosus, Macrodactylus, see Macrodactylus subspinosus. subtruncata, Cecidomyia, 140°. Suffolk county, summary of volun- tary reports from 68°. Sugar maple borer, 54°-55". Sumac, Oligotrophus rhoinus_ on, 123°. Sweet-fern, Oligotrophus asplenifolia on, 160°. Rhompalomyia arcuata on, 159’. sylvestris, Campylomyza, 97%. Catocha, 102°. Cecidomyia, 143’. Porricondyla, 146°. Tabanus lineola, 77°. Tachina flies, 43°. 185 Tent caterpillars, 66°, 67°, 68*, 68", 70’, GIA textor, Hyphantria, see Hyphantria textor. thalactri, Oligotrophus, 123%. Thermobia furnorum, 66°. thompsoni, Rhopalomyia, 159°. Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 71’, oe Thysania zenobia, 39°, 45°. Thysanura, contributions of, 83°. Tibicen septendecim, 61°-65", 68°. Tick trefoil, Lasioptera desmodii on, 107%. g tilaceus, Oligotrophus, 121°-22”. tiliae, Contarinia, 161°. Tmetocera ocellana, 66’, 70°. Touch-me-not, Lasioptera impatienti- folia on, 106°. toxicodendri, Campylomyza, 98". Cecidomyia, 137’. transversa, Asphondylia, 118’. triangularis, Cecidomyia, 138’. Trichoptera, 41°; exchange list, 96". tridentata, Saperda, 72°. trifolii, Contarinia, 131°-32”. Porricondyla, 145’. tristis, Anasa, 67°. trivittatus, Leptocoris, 70’. truncata, Hormomyia, 160°-61°. tsugae, Campylomyza, Io1*. Cecidomyia, 139’. Mycodiplosis, 130°-31°. Oligotrophus, 123°. tuberculata, Lasioptera, 103°-4°. Tulip tree, Choristoneura liriodendri on, IIO’. Tulip tree scale, 76*. tulipiferae, Eulecanium, 76°. Tussock moth, hickory, 59°. white, marked, 40°, 55"-56", 72°, 73°- VAseiAs 75 70. 72 5 special bul- letin, 40°. ulmi, Lepidosaphes, see Lepidosaphes ulmi. unipuncta, Heliophila, 777. urticae, Cecidomyia, 136°. Van Duzee, E. P., cited, 69°, 70’. viburni, Contarinia, 132°. 186 viburni, Lasioptera, 104°. Mycodiplosis, 130°. Viburnum lentago, Mycodiplosis vi- burni on, 130°. Violet gall midge, 42°, 59°-61°. violicola, Contarinia, 59°-61°. Virginia creeper, Porricondyla ampe- lophila on, 144°. virginica, Dasyneura, 115°. viridifasciata, Chortophaga, 68”. viteana, Polychrosis, 73°. VAticidapwieiar 52.) 7auN Tasha wa ye vitinea, Campylomyza, 98°. Lasioptera, 153°. Vittatay (Diabroticas 66,6745 7367s He, Voluntary entomologic service of New York State, 44°, 65°-68°, 737, Sea ely, Sh vi oe vulgivagellus, Crambus, 74°, 77’. Walnut, black, black walnut worm injuring, 59°, 67°. Walsh, cited, 62°. Warble flies, 70°. Warren county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 68°. Wasps, parasitic, 43’. Water beech, Oligotrophus nodosus OWN, TOR”. Webworms, 77°. fall nF \OOnwmOj.0 107, pier grass, 74°. West Indian peach scale, 70°. Westchester county, summary of vol- untary reports from, 68°. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Whale oil soap, 49°, 57°-58". Wheat midge, 41°. Wheat sawfly, 687. White flower cricket, 53°. White marked tussock moth, 40°, 55’— 50°, 72, 73-74,-74 > 75>" 70mee special bulletin, 40’. White pine weevil, 58°-59°. Willow, injurious insects: oriental slug caterpillar, 48°. spiny elm caterpillar, 56’. Willow borer, mottled, 72°. Winnertzia calciequina, 161°. carpini, 148°-49’. furcata, 148°. solidaginis, 149°. Witch-hazel, Asphondylia multifila On, 110% Bremia hamamelidis on, 125°. Choristoneura hamamelidis on, RTO, Dasyneura hamamelidis on, 1177. virginica on, II5°. Witch-hazel cone gall, 59". Wood lice, 69°. Wooly maple leaf aphid, 77°. Wyoming county, summary of voi- untary reports from, 68". Yellow-necked appletree caterpillar, 45°, 67°. Young, D. B., work of, 42> 430 zenobia, Thysania, 39°, 45°. Zeuzera pyrina, 72°. Beaeadie 4 Pe Boiany 10 * | Museum bulletin 116 ° Report of the State Botanist 1906 Published monthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 404 JULY 1907 New York State Museum Joun M. Crarxgez, Director Cuarues H. Pecx, State Botanist Bulletin 116 BOTANY 10 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 PAGE MEMEO ELIOT. ees a sfecd ge cole sie 5 Species added to the herbarium... 9 Contributors and their contribu- (SG CTS Cs aaa Pe Cae ee eeece 10 Species not before reported....... ing New extralimital species of fungi. 31 PAGE Remarks and observations....... 23 Bile farmed ras oss Giclee.) 38 New York species of Hygrophorus 45 New York species of Russula..... 67 Explanation dt plates: os ....0. 99 inclesaae a ere gs iia o nth an Oks III New York State Education Department Science Division, January 18, 1907 Fion. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Stir: I communicate herewith, for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum, the annual report of the State Botanist for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1906. Very respectfully JoHN M. CLARKE Director State of New York Education Department gs COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication this 15th day of January 1907 pehiprobeat Commissioner of Education New York State Education Department New York State Museum | Joun M. CLarkeE, Director CuHarves H. Peck, State Botanist Bulletin 116 BOTANY 10 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 Dr John M. Clarke, Director of Science Division: I have the honor of submitting to you the following report of work done in the botanical department of the State Museum during the year 1900. Specimens of plants for the State herbarium have been collected in the counties of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Madison, Oneida, Putnam, Rens- selaer, Saratoga, Steuben, Suffolk and Warren. Specimens of New York species have been received from con- tributors and correspondents, that were collected in the counties of Albany, Allegany, Chautauqua, Columbia, Essex, Fulton, Herkimer, Dutchess, Madison, Monroe, Oneida, Onondaga, Orange, Orleans, Rensselaer, Richmond, Saratoga, Steuben, Suffolk, Tompkins, War- ren and Washington. The number of species of which specimens have been added to the State herbarium is 156. Of these, 60 are species new to the herbarium, 96 are not new. Of the former number, 20 are con- sidered new or undescribed species and descriptions of these will be found in another part of this report. A list of the names of added species is given under the title ““ Species added to the herba- rium.” . The number of those who have contributed specimens is 61. This includes many who have sent extralimital specimens or speci- mens simply for identification, but if the specimens were in good condition when received and were suitable or desirable for the herbarium they have been preserved and credited to the sender as a contribution. A list of the names of the contributors and their respective contributions will be found under the title “ Contributors and their contributions.” The number of species found or of which specimens have been 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM contributed that are deemed new to our New York flora is O7 7 tae record of these with their localities and descriptions of new species is given under the title ‘‘ Species not before reported.” Descriptions of five new but extralimital species and one new variety have been added to this chapter. A record of new stations of rare plants, of new varieties and forms of well known species, remarks concerning distinguishing characters of closely related species or observations of unusual features in some species are given under the title “ Remarks and observations.” The number of New York species noticed in this chapter is 27. The study of our fleshy fungi and the collection of specimens of them for the herbarium have been continued, though much of the season has been singularly unfavorable to their production. Rain and showers were frequent in the early part of summer but the prevailing low temperature was detrimental to the growth of these plants. As the weather became warmer the rains ceased and ex- cessive dryness prevented their growth. September is usually one of the best months of the year for mushroom growths, but this season it was one of the poorest. Late fall rains, however, brought out a delayed crop which was available at a much later date than usual and helped to make good the deficiency of the earlier part of the season. The number of species of fungi added to the herbarium is 39 of which 17 are new species. The trial of the edible qualities of our wild mushrooms has re- sulted in adding I1 species to our list of those deemed edible, and makes the whole number of New York species of this class 183. Of the 11 added species 9 have been illustrated by colored figures of natural size. Figures of the 2 remaining species, Russula earlei’ Pk. and Boletus rugosiceps Pk. have beenjam, lished in preceding reports. Descriptions of the 11 species tested and approved this year will be found under the title “ Edible fungi.” The study of our Crataegus flora has been continued with much interest. Specimens have been collected in the northern, eastern, central and southwestern parts of the State. The number of species added to the State flora is 8, of which two are new species. This addition makes the number of New York species now known 97. Many specimens of this genus still remain undetermined. The destructive influence of late frosts was clearly seen in the failure of many thorn bushes which bore a full crop of flowers to a a ee REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 ai develop any fruit. The essential floral organs were frozen and consequently the fruit failed to develop. In such cases the stamens and pistils are sometimes frozen before the buds open. When the fiowers appear they look fresh and fair at a distance but on close inspection the stamens and pistils are seen to be dead and blackened. If the freeze is very severe after the buds are much swollen no species escapes. If less severe, only the flowers of the most tender species or those which are in the most susceptible condition are killed. During the past season many species of the Tomentosae group failed to develop fruit though at flowering time they were full of blossoms. Species in the same locality whose time of flower- ing is earlier may escape injury. The comparatively large genera Hygrophorus and Russula present some peculiar difficulties. The subgenera are not sharply differentiated and in some cases American species appear to com- bine characters of two subgenera or do not in all respects agree with the characters ascribed to any of the subgenera. Nevertheless a revision of the New York species of these genera has been at- tempted and the Friesian arrangement of the subgenera and species followed as far as possible. Descriptions have been rewritten and in some cases made more full and satisfactory. The plan of identifying specimens of plants for correspondents and others who send or bring them to the office for that purpose has been followed. This not only results in the dissemination of useful botanical knowledge, but also in sometimes acquiring in- teresting and valuable specimens for the herbarium that otherwise might fail to reach it. The number of those for whom determina- tions of specimens have been made is 82. The number of deter- minations is 435.. Botanical specimens representing 20 species of trees have been collected but not included in the foregoing enumeration. They are intended to replace the lost or damaged specimens of the swinging frames, which loss occurred while these were absent at the St Louis and Portland expositions. An additional table case of specimens of parasitic fungi has been prepared and placed in the botanical exhibition room. It contains specimens of 24 species some of which are injurious to cultivated plants, some to wild plants. . The case containing the specimens of the Japanese edible mush- . foom) siittake, Pleurotws bretschneideri Kalchb., on the branches where they grew, has been repaired and placed on ex- 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM hibition. It is surmounted by a bell jar filled with the dried mush- rooms in the condition in which they are offered for sale in the markets of China and Japan. Mr S. H. Burnham, the Assistant Botamist, has been ebiesm occupied with office work. He has incorporated the collections of 1905 in their proper places, has disinfected and labeled the speci- mens, attended to the correspondence of the office in my absence, identifying specimens sent for determination and giving informa- tion sought concerning them. He has prepared a card catalogue with descriptive references of the new species of fungi described by the State Botanist. Respectfully submitted CHARLES “El. PreK State Botanist Office of the State Botanist Albany, December 26, 1906 REBORL (Ob DE si Ad bs Om ANT Si 1906 Seber Ss ADDED RO trib ER BARIUM New to the herbarium Allionia hirsuta Pursh Amanitopsis pulverulenta Pk. Ascochyta pisi Lib. Aster arcifolius Bu. A. elaeagnus Bu. A. fragrans Bu. le) multiformis Bu. A. violaris Bu. Boletus subpunctipes Pk. Caryospora cariosa Fairm. Collybia campanella Pk. (Ge lacerata Lasch. Cortinarius intrusus Pk. C: validipes Pk. Crataegus arcana Beadle bissellii Sarg. cognata Sarg. deltoides Ashe habereri Sarg. noveboracensis Sarg. scabrida Sarg. ; tenella Ashe Cynoglossum boreale Fern. Didymium clavus (4. & S.) Rabenh. Dryopteris pittsfordensis Slo. Entoloma minus Pk. Flammula expansa Pk. Gaura coccinea Pursh Hydnum luteopallidum Schw. Hygrophorus burnhami Pk. elelelolelere Hygrophorus luridus B. & C. Hypocrea pallida E. & E. Inocybe pallidipes E. & E. Lepiota asperula Atk. IL. eriophora Pk. Leptoglossum fumosum Pk. Linum medium (Planch.) Britton Marasmius phyllophilus Pk. Mycena albogrisea PR. Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. Ohleria modesta Fckl. Omphalia pusillissima Pk. Panicum deminutivum PR. Peckiella hymenti Pk. Phyllosticta ampelopsidis E. & M. Be smilacis E. & E. P: sphaeropsidea LE. & E. Pleurotus terrestris Pk. Polyporus galactinus Berk. Puccinia peckit (DeT.) Kell. Russula foetentula Pk. Re modesta Pk. R. pectinatoides Pk. R. vesca Fr. Scleroderma tenerum B. & C. Septoria lycopersici Speg. Steccherinum adustulum Banker Stemonitis smithii Macb. Tricholoma hirtellum Pk. Viola incognita Brainerd Not new to the herbarium Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Villd.) Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sacc. Aquilegia canadensis L. Arctium lappa L. Asarum canadense L. Aster camptilis Bu. A. claytoni Bu. ae concolor L. Boletus auriporus Pk. B. frosti Russ. B. nigrellus Pk. B; peckiil Frost Boletus rugosiceps Pk. Bromus tectorum L. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Gatastonra cineumscissum CB. iG: 'C.) Chrysomyxa pyrolae (DC.) Rostr. Chrysopsis mariana Nutt. Clavaria botrytoides Pk. Cr enistata Pers, Clitocybe amethystina (Bolt.) (Ge monadelpha Morg. e: ochropurpurea Berk. Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.) Fr, IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Cornus alternifolia L. f. CG candidissima Marsh. Crataegus caesariata Sarg. coccinea L. ferentaria Sarg. illuminata Sarg. intricata Lange laneyi Sarg. pedicellata Sarg. pringlei Sarg. punctata Jacq. spissiflora Sarg. tenuiloba Sarg. Craterellus cantharellus (Schw.) Cypripedium acaule Ait. Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers. Dasystoma virginica (L.) Britt. Dryopteris bootti1t (Tuck.) Under. CeO EG CGvOre Oe 1D: cristata (L.) Gray ID cris. clintoniana (Eat.) 1D simulata Dav. Eleocharis inter. habereri Fern. 1a melanocarpa Torr. Gentiana crinita Froel. Hydnum aurantiacum 4. & S. fennicum (Karst.) Sacc. imbricatum L. repandum L. vellereum Pk. ; zonatum Batsch Hypopitys lanuginosa (M-x.) Nutt. Ilex vert. cyclophylla Robins. Inocybe calamistrata Fr. Irpex canescens Fy. Lactarius ful. fumosus Pk. LIS, pergamenus Fr. ea [elfen fear CONTRIBUTORS As Lactarius piperatus Fr. E, vellereus Fr. ie volemus Fr. Lespedeza angustifolia Pursh iL hista CE.) cB. 1 virginica (C2) ‘Birt Lobelia dortmanna L. Lycopus sessilifolius Gray Meibomia marilandica (L.) Kuntze M. rigida (Ell.) Kuntze Monarda punctata L. Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Physarum lateritium (B. & R. ) Polyporus schweinitzi Fv. Pe sulphureus (Bull.) Polystichum acrostichoides (Mv+.) Polystictus simillimus Pk. 12 subsericeus Pk. Populus balsamifera L. Russula earlei Pk. Sagina procumbens L. Scirpus atru. pycnocephalus Fern. S: cyp. pelius Fern. Seneciv obovatus Muh. Solidago tenuifolia Pursh Sporobolus serotinus (Torr.) Gray Stereum versicolor Fr. Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Trillium erect. album Pursh Tricholoma alboflavidum Pk. AG. nudum (Bull.) Fr. Viburnum lentago L. Viola blanda Willd. V. cucullata Ait. We fimbriatula Sm. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore THEIR: CONTRIBUTIONS Mrs E. B. Blackford, Boston Mass. Lactarius varius Pk. | Omphalia epichysium Pers. Hygrophorus serotinus Pk. Miss M. B. Church, Albany Pleurotus porrigens (Pers.) Fr. Mrs M. S. DeCoster, Little Falls Viola incognita Brainerd | Viola selkirkii Pursh a — a REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 Il Mrs G. M. Dallas, Philadelphia Pa. Opuntia humifusa Raf. Miss Alice Eastwood, San Francisco Cal. Lentinus magnus PR. Mrs L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse Trillium erectum album Pursh Mrs M. A. Knickerbocker, San Francisco Cal. Scoliopus bigelovit Torr. f Miss E. A. Lehman, Winston-Salem N. C. Monotropsis lehmanae Burnh. Mrs J. Rogers, Ausable Forks Lepiota naucinoides Pk. Miss A. M. Ryan, New London Ct. Marsonia violae (Pass.) Sacc. Miss T. L. Smith, Worcester Mass. Russula modesta Pk. Mrs F. C. Sherman, Syracuse Pleurotus ulmarius Fr. Mrs C. E. Taft, New York city Collybia velutipes (Curt.) Fr. Mrs E. S. Tomlinson, New York city Polystichum acrostichoides incisum (Gr.) Under. F. H. Ames, Brooklyn Ammodenia peploides (L.) Bupr. | Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore J. C. Arthur, Lafayette Ind. Aecidium coloradense Diet. | Peridermium boreale Arti. Peridermium carneum (Bosc) S. & E. G. F. Atkinson, Ithaca Cortinarius intrusus Pk. | Lepiota asperula Atk. Russula constans Karst. I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM H. J. Banker, Greencastle Ind. Onygena equina Pers. Steccherinum adustulum Banker Elam Bartholomew, Stockton Kan. Aecidium abundans Pk. Ae. allenii Clint. Ae. diodiae Burr. Ae. grindeliae Griff. Ae. erossulariae (Pers.) Sch. JENGH, pammeli Trel. Ae. punctatum Pers. Ae. solidaginis Schw. Albugo amaranthi (Schw.) Kee. AS candidus (Pers.) Kee. Arthosporium compositum Ell. Cercospora pachypus &. & K. C vignae E. & E. Coleosporium solidaginis (Schw.) Coniosporium arundinis (Cd.) Sacc. Cronartium asclepiadeum Berk. Cucurbitaria salicina Fckl. Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr. Diplodia liriodendri Pk. Dothidea linderae Ger. Exobasidium vaccinii (Fckl.) Wor. Geaster pectinatus Pers. Geoglossum hirsutum Pers. Ga peckianum Cke. Gymnosporangium clavipes C. & P. Humaria cestrica E. & E. Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schw.) Tul. Leotia lubriea (Scop.)) Pers: Macrosporium ornatissimum EF. & B. Marsonia castagnei (D. & M.)-Sacce. Massariella bufonia (B. & Br.) Tul. Meliola Mitrula nidulans (Schw.) Cke. olivacea (CRers®)) Sac M. serpentina (Muell.) Mass. Oidium monilioides Lk. Peronospora calotheca DeBy. Ps euphorbiae Fckl. Phyllachora graminis panici (Schw.) Plasmopara geranii (Pk.) B.& Del. Psilocybe sabulosa Pk. Puccinia absinthi DC. agropyri LE. & EL. asparagi DC. asteris Duby caricis (Schum.) Reb. cyperl Arth. ee Puccinia fraxinate (Lk.) Arih. helianthi Schw. heucherae (Schw.) Diet. lycit Kalchb. menthae Pers. muhlenbergiae A. & H. physalidis Pk. pimpinellae (Strauss.) Lk prenanthis (Pers.) Fckl. proserpinacae Far. purpurea Cke. rubinella (Pers.) Arth. silphii Schw. stipae Arth. tecta E. Gib: tosta Arth. verbesinae Schw. veroniae Schw. Rhizographus fusariisporus E. & E. Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. Schizothyrella fraxini FE. & E. Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Scolecotrichum asclepiadis EF. & E. Septoria aurea destruens E. & E. S miunnroae fs Glee Sorosporium syntherismae (Pk.) Far. Sphaeropsis cydoniae C. & E. Stichopsora solidaginis (Schw.) Diet. Teichospora populina E. & E. Tricholoma portentosum Fr. Tubercinia clintoniae Kom. Tuberculina persicina (Ditm.) Sace. Typhula muscicola (Pers.) Fr. Uromyces caladii (Schw.) Far. polasel melee) cack nel 20) soe) sek acl ac] Hcl ae)e yo) ge) ane) ee euphorbiae C. & P. 108 gentianae Arth. LUKE elycyrrhizae (Reb.) Magn. AE enaphalii E. & E. WE hordei Tracy Lo) howei PR. Gk junci (Desm.) Tul. U; lespedezae (Schw.) Pk. AG trifolii (Hedw.) Lev. Ustilago utriculosa (Nees) Tul. Xylaria digitata (L.) Grew. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 13 M. S. Baxter, Rochester Crataegus laneyi Sarg. Crataegus tenuiloba Sarg. Cs pedicellata Sarg. Pentstemon laevigatus Soland. M. S. Baxter and V. Dewing, Rochester Allionia hirsuta Pursh | Gaura coccinea Pursh Conringia orientalis (L.) Dum. R. C. Benedict, New York city Dryopteris pittsfordensis Slosson A. F. Blakeslee, Cambridge Mass. Phycomyces nitens (Ag.) Kunegc F, S. Boughton, Pittsford Clitocybe dealbata Sow. Pleurotus subareolatus Pk. Tricholoma columbetta Fr. F. J. Braendle, Washington D. G Clavaria cinerea Bull. Isaria truncata Pers. Collybia zonata Pk. Mycenastrum spinulosum Pr. Geaster saccatus Fr. Viola villosa Wali. S. H. Burnham, Sandy Hill Cordyceps capitata (Holmsk.) Lk. Pleurotus terrestris Pk. Cynoglossum boreale Fern. Polyporus borealis Wahl. Erysiphe polygoni DC. Polystichum acrostichoides (Mvz.) Flammula expansa Pk. Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Hygrophorus burnhami Pk. Scapania irrigua (Nees) Dum. Lentinus spretus Pk. Timmia megapolitana Hedw. Lepiota asperula Afk. G. H. Chadwick, Albany Thelephora schweinitzii Pk. G. D. Cornell, Coopers Plains Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Liriodendron tulipifera L. Hieracium praealtum Vill. Magnolia acuminata L. Hypericum ascyron L. Solidago juncea Ait. Lilium canadense L. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. W. C. Cottrell, Gloversville Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. I4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Simon Davis, Brookline Mass. Agaricus camp. hortensis Che. Hygrophorus luridus B. & C. Coprinus plicatilis Fr. lel mephiticus Pk. C stenocoleus Lindb. lish nitratus (Pers.) Fr. Eccilia unicolor Pk. ils prat. albus Sacc. Entoloma sericellum Fr. Inocybe infelix Pk. 1D sericeum (Bull.) Fr. Leptonia transformata Pk. Marasmius scorodonius Fr. Psathyrella angusticeps Pk. Russula compacta Frost Galera sphagnorum Pers. Hygrophorus davisii Pk. W. T. Davis, New Brighton Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Medic. | Aronia atropurpurea Britton Frank Dobbin, Shushan Arthonia radiata’ (Pers. )* Die Discina orbicularis Pk. Arthonia quintaria Ny. Philip Dowell, Port Richmond Dryopteris bootti1 (Tuck.) Under. D. cristata (L.) Gray IDE crist. clintoniana (Eat.) DD: crist. marginalis Dav. Dryopteris goldieana (Hook.) Gray D. pittsfordensis Slos. 1D: simulata Dav. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore C. E. Fairman, Lyndonville Brachysporium obovatum Sacc. (Berk.) Nemosphaeria fairmani Sacc. Ohleria modesta Fckl. Caryospora cariosa Fairm. Physarum lateritium (B. & R.) Rost. Didymium clavus (A. & S.) Rabh. | O. E. Fischer, Detroit Mich. Agaricus camp. hortensis Che. | Lepiota eriophora Pk. | Hydnum adustum Schw. N. M. Glatfelter, St Louis Mo. Guepinia palmiceps Berk. Merulius rubellus Pk. Lepiota cep. lutea With. Pterula densissima B. & C. Thelephora caespitulans Schw. P, W. Gratt, Storrs Ct. Poronia macrospora Pk. | Xylaria polymorpha combinans Pk. « -~ 2 Cephas Guillet, Toronto Ont. Hygrophorus miniatus /’r. | Lactarius paludinellus Ph. . REPORT OF THE STATE BSOTANIST 1906 C. C. Hanmer, East Hartford Ct. Collybia lacerata Lasch. Hygrophorus chlorophanus Fr. Entoloma cuspidatum Pk. Panus levis B. & C. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe O. Hydnum ochraceum Pers. | Tricholoma fumescens Pk. J: J. Hare, Whitby, Ont Hypholoma sublateritium squamosum Cke. J. E. S. Heath, South Pasadena Cal. Daldinia vernicosa (Schw.) C. & D. A. P. Hitchcock, New Lebanon Lycoperdon giganteum Batsch G. S. Howell, Rockville Ind. Tricholoma album Schaef. C. H. Kauffman, Ann Arbor Mich. Crepidotus ralfsii B. & Br. Lepiota gracilis Pk. Cortinarius multiformis Fr. Mycena glutinipes Kauff. Hypholoma vinosum Kauff. Pleurotus petaloides (Bull.) Fr. W. A. Kellerman, Columbus O. Galera kellermani Pk. | Psathyrella hirta Pk. F. D. Kern, Lafayette Ind. Puccinia graminis Pers. R. B. Mackintosh, Peabody Mass. Agaricus campester L. | Agaricus rodmani Pk. Charles McIlvaine, Cambridge Md. Lepiota morgani Pk. George E. Morris, Waltham Mass. Hygrophorus pallidus Pk. Lepiota eriophora Pk. Ee ruber PR. Steccherinum adustulum Banker L. J. Muchmore, Batavia Hydnum luteopallidum Schw. Oligonema nitens (Lib.) Rost. Stemonitis smithii Macb. 16 '" NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM F. M. Rolfs, Mountain Grove Mo. Phyllosticta rubra Pk. W. H. Ropes, Salem Mass. Agaricus micromegethus Pk. I. M. Shepherd, Trenton, N. J. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. F. S. Smith, Angelica Bacillus amylivorus Burr. | Fusicladium pirinum (Lib.) Fckl. Perley Spaulding, St Louis Mo. Merulius lac. verrucifer Quel. M. rubellus Pk. Fomes annosus Fr. ['ydnum artocreas Berk. E. B. Sterling, Prenton N. J. Arachnion album Schw. Lycoperdon tessellatum Lloyd Calostoma cinnabarinum Desv. Pholicta discolor Pk. Inocybe sterlingii Pk. Pluteus petasites Fr. Lycoperdon excoriatum Lloyd Sarcoscypha dawsonensis Pk. 1D pusillum Batsch | Scleroderma aurantiaca Pers. 1 serotinum Bon. S: cepal Pers. 1D, stellare (Pk.) Lloyd | Se verrucosum (Bull.) D. R. Sumstine, Wilkinsburg Pa. Pyronema leucobasis (Pk.) Sacc. Hermann von Schrenk, St Louis Mo. Paxillus panuoides Fr. | Trametes serialis Fr. K. F. Symonds, Utica Clitocybe ochropurpurea Berk. E. A. White, Storrs Ct. Phallogaster whitei Pk. T. E. Wilcox, Washington D. C. Boletus retipes B. & C. Clavaria pistillaris L. Be rimosellus Pk. Collybia strictipes Pk. B. subtomentosus L, Hymenogaster anomalus J/'k. Tricholoma columbetta Fr. W. W. Eggleston, New York city By exchange rataegus arcana Ashe Crataegus deltoides Ashe coccinea L. ec dissona Sarg. cognata Sarg. (Be dodgei Ashe ang REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 17 Crataegus glaucophylla Sarg. Crataegus modesta Sarg. Gr intricata Lange Cc: pentandra Sarg. ‘oy matura Sarg. Ce pruinosa Wendl. Crataegus tenella Ashe SEBCIES NOT BERORD MR PORTED: Allionia hirsuta Pursh Near Rochester. August. M.S. Baxter and V. Dewing. Intro- duced from the western states. Itis Oxybaphus hirsutus Sweet. Amanitopsis pulverulenta n. sp. Pileus thin, convex beceming nearly plane, pulverulent, squamose in the center, even on the margin, white or creamy white, odor feeble or none; lamellae thin, unequal, narrowed behind, free or nearly so, moderately close, subventricose, whitish; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, bulbous, solid, pulverulent or fur- furaceous, white; spores subelliptic, .o003-.0004 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines thick. Shaded banks by roadsides. Port Jefferson, Suffolk co. August. This species is well marked by its white color and the copious mealiness of the pileus and stem. It is apparently closely related Moreira nitopsis pubescens (Schw.) but it differs from the description of that species in having the pileus and stem pul- verulent instead of pubescent and in the former being squamose in the center. There is no annulus and the slight remains of a mem- branous volva are seen in very young specimens only. In the dried specimens the lamellae have assumed a pale yellowish cinnamon hue. Ascochyta pisi Lib. Living pods of peas and beans. Menands, Albany co. July. This parasitic fungus produces discolored spots on the pods similar to the anthracnose spots of bean pods, but the spores of this fungus are uniseptate, those of the anthracnose, simple. Aster arcifolius Bu. Lake Minnewaska, Ulster co. September. Prof. E. Burgess has made a special study of the asters of our country and his re- vision and elucidation of the Biotian division of the genus enables 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM me to add to our New York flora several species which were formerly supposed to be varieties of Aster divaricatus, A. macrophyllus and other closely related species. Aster biformis Bu. Rathboneville, Steuben co. and Voorheesville, Albany co. August and September. In this species the lower stem leaves are petiolate and cordate with a deep narrow sinus, the upper leaves are abruptly reduced to a smaller size and are nearly or quite sessile. This dif- ference between the upper and lower leaves is suggestive of the specific name. ; Aster camptilis Bu. Low rocky ground. Lake Minnewaska. September. A slender aster with a weak stem which is often reclined or bent as if too feeble to support its own branches or hold itself erect. This char- acter is suggestive of the name bent stemmed aster. Aster claytoni Bu. Open places. Menands, Albany co. September. A large and variable species belonging to the group Divaricati. Specimens are sometimes 3 feet tall. Aster elaeagnus Bu. North Elba, Essex co. August. A northern species having orbicular or ovate radical leaves and variable stem leaves which are pale and hairy on the under side. This gives a scurfy appearance suggestive of the scurfy character of Elaeagnus leaves. The species belongs to the group Macrophylli. Aster fragrans Bu. Round Lake, Saratoga co. September. This species differs from. A. daivaricatuss 40 whichent was formerly referred, in its more persistent fragrance, more compact panicle of flowers and more truncate base of its leaves. Aster multiformis Bu. Lake Minnewaska, Ulster co. September. A species remark- able for its long slender rootstocks and the many forms shown by the leaves of the same plant. REPOR®, OF THE STALE SOLANISL 1900 19 Aster violaris Bu. Rathboneville, Steuben co. August. This species is distin- guished by its suborbicular and reniform apiculate radical and lower stem leaves. It belongs to the group Macrophylli. Boletus subpunctipes n. sp. Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, often uneven on the surface, be- coming soft with age, brown, reddish brown when dry, flesh white, slowly becoming dingy where cut or broken, taste mild; tubes nearly plane in the mass, adnate or but slightly depressed around the stem, the mouths small, round, whitish or grayish white, chang- ing to reddish brown where wounded; stem equal or nearly so, solid, slightly reticulate at the top, very minutely dotted, some- times obscurely squamulose at the top, grayish or pallid; spores rusty brown or cinnamon brown, oblong or subfusiform, .0004— 0005 of an inch long, .0002~.00024 broad. : Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 4-6 lines thick. Shaded sandy soil. Menands, Albany co. August. The surface of the pileus is rendered uneven by coarse shallow depressions. The species belongs to the section Versipelles. The dots on the stem are nearly like those on the stem of Boletus Cieoma pes Hrost. Caryospora cariosa Fairm. iieeeavivies o1 old beech wood. lyndonville, Orleans co: . C. /. airman. Collybia campanella n. sp. Pileus thin, conic or campanulate with a papilla at the apex, covered with coarse appressed or deflexed strigose hairs, dark tawny; lamellae ascending, moderately close, whitish; stem firm, equal, inserted, floccose hairy, colored like the pileus; spores not seen. Pileus 3-4 lines broad; stem 9-12 lines long, .5 of a line thick. Deaq aud dry branches of arbor vitae, = Minaya occidentalis. Horicon, Warren co. July. iiincuspecies iS related to ~Gollwota stipitaria from which it is readily distinguished by its persistently conic or cam- panulate pileus and its uniformly dark tawny color of both pileus and stem. The hairy tufts of the stem are pointed and project at right angles from the stem, 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Collybia lacerata Lasch. Dry soil among grasses and bayberry bushes. Fishers island, Suffolk co. October. C. C. Hanmer. In these specimens the ex- panded pileus is umbonate and the umbo is darker colored than the rest. The specimens agree well with the figure of the species as given in Cooke’s Illustrations of ‘British Fungi. The spores in our specimens are broadly elliptic or subglobose and .00024-.0003 of an inch long. Cortinarius intrusus Pk. Carnation beds in greenhouses. Highland Falls, Orange co. January. Ernest Palmer. Communicated by G. F. Atkinson. The species was described from specimens found growing in mush- room beds in conservatories in Massachusetts and New Jersey and communicated by R. Macadam and C. Mcllvaine. Cortinarius validipes n. sp. Pileus fleshy, thick, convex. becoming nearly plane, dry, squamu- lose or floccose squamulose, ochraceous, flesh white tinged with yellow next the lamellae, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, close, adnate or decurrent with a tooth, yellowish white becoming cinna- mon; stem stout, firm, solid, fibrous, striate at the top by the de- current teeth of the lamellae, subannulate from the adherent re- mains of the webby veil, yellowish white, whitish within; spores subelliptic, .o003—.0004 of an inch long, .0002-.00024 broad. Pileus 3-6 inches broad; stem 4-5 inches long, 1-2 inches thick. Coopers Plains, Steuben co. September. A cluster of six plants was found growing in a small excavation near a farmhouse: The weather had been unusually warm and dry for several weeks, but a soaking rain two days before and a thunder shower one day later seem to have been favorable to the development of this large fine mushroom. It belongs to the section Dermoeybe. Crataegus arcana Beadle Moores Mills, Dutchess co. May and October. W. W. Esg- oleston. Crataegus bissellii Sarg. Rocky pasture, near Staatsburg, Dutchess co. May and Septem- ber. Our plants differ from the typical form of the species only in having stamens 5-8 and anthers pale pink soon fading to white. REPORT Ob THE STATE, BOTANIST 1906 : 21 Crataegus cognata Sarg. Colemans Station, Dutchess co. and Dykemans, Putnam co. May and September. Mr Eggleston had previously found it in the latter locality. | : Crataegus deltoides Ashe Moores Mills. May and October. W. W. Eggleston. The broadly ovate or deltoid leaves constitute a prominent feature of this species and are suggestive of the specific name. Crataegus habereri n. sp. Sarg. Leaves broadly ovate, acute, rounded, subtruncate or abruptly cordate at the wide entire or glandular base, finely doubly serrate above, with straight glandular teeth, and divided usually only above the middle into four or five pairs of small acuminate spreading lobes, nearly half grown when the flowers open about the middle of May and then membranaceous, light yellow green and roughened above by short white hairs and pale and glabrous below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow green and scabrate on the upper surface, light yellow green on the lower surface, 4.5-6.5 cm long and nearly as. wide; with slender midribs, and their primary veins extending obliquely to the points of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly wing- margined at the apex, at first slightly villose, soon becoming gla- brous, sparingly glandular while young, 2.5—3.5 cm in length; leaves on vigorous shoots truncate or rounded at the base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, often 7-8 cm long and 6-7 cm wide. Flowers 1.4-1.5 cm in diameter, on slender slightly hairy pedicels, in broad 5-8-flowered corymbs; calyx tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, or slightly hairy near the base, the lobes slender, acu- minate, glandular serrate, glabrous on the outer, sparingly villose on the inner surface, reflexed after anthesis; stamens I0; anthers dark rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded at the base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening from the first to the middle of September, on glabrous reddish pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, oval to obovate, crimson, lustrous, marked by large pale dots; calyx prominent, with a deep wide cavity, and incurved hori- zontal or recurved lobes dark red above toward the base and slightly hairy on the upper surface, their tips often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, dark yellow, soft and succulent; nutlets 3-5, acute at the ends, slightly ridged and irregularly grooved on the back, 7-8 mm long and about 5 mm wide. A shrub 3-5 m high, with small stems, wide spreading flexuous 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM branches, and slender slightly zigzag glabrous branchlets, light orange green when they first appear, becoming light chestnut- . brown, lustrous and marked by pale lenticels in their first season, and dul! reddish brown the following year, and armed with slender straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown spines 2.5—3 cm long. Rocky pastures and margins of woods; New Hartford, Oneida co. J. V. Haberer (#2410, type), May 20 and September 28, 1903; CEs Reck ySeptemben im, 1eoe: This species, remarkable in its broad slightly lobed leaves and early ripening fruit, is named for its discoverer, Joseph Valentine Haberer M. D., an enthusiastic student of the flora of Herkimer, Oneida and Madison counties, the founder of the Asa Gray 3otanical Club of Utica in 1886 and from that time to the present its president. Crataegus noveboracensis n. sp. Sarg. Leaves ovate, acuminate, abruptly concave cuneate at the entire base, finely doubly serrate above, with straight glandular teeth, and deeply divided into five or six pairs of narrow acuminate spreading lobes, more than half grown when the flowers open at the end of May and then thin, yellow green and covered above by short soft white hairs and paler and glabrous below, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark yellow green and lustrous on the upper surface and pale yellow green on the lower surface, 4.5-6.5 cm long and 4—5 cm wide, with slender yellow midribs, and thin primary veins - arching obliquely to the points of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at the apex, villose on the upper side while young, becoming glabrous, sparingly glandular, 1-2 cm in length; leaves on vigorcus shoots thicker, sometimes rounded or subtruncate at the broad base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, often 7-8 cm long and 6-7 cm wide, with stouter broadly winged petioles. Flowers 1.2-1.4 cm in diameter, on slender slightly villose pedicels, in usually 7-11-flowered lax corymbs; calyx tube narrowly obconic, coated especially near the base with long scattered white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed, slender, acuminate, glandular serrate, glabrous on the outer, villose on the inner surface, reflexed after anthesis ; stamens 15-20; anthers pale yellow; styles 4 or 5. Fruit ripening the middle of September, on slightly hairy reddish ped- icels, in usually 5—7-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short oblong, full and rounded at the ends, crimson, lustrous, marked by large pale dots, about I cm in diameter; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, narrowed and rounded at the ends, slightly REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I906 23 ridged on the back, with a low slightly grooved ridge, 5.5-6 mm long and 4-5 mm wide. A shrub 3-4 m high, with numerous small stems, ascending or suberect branches and slender nearly straight glabrous branchlets dark orange green when they first appear, becoming light chestnut- brown, lustrous and marked by pale lenticels in their first season and light gray brown the following year, and armed with numerous slender straight or ‘slightly curved light chestnut-brown shining spines 4-5 cm long. Samy or cocky soil;-Essex co. Common. North Elba, C. H. een 40, type), May 27, July 22 and September 14, 1903; Sel peeck)( 40), Keene, May 31.and September 16, 1903. Crataegus scabrida Sarg. Hilly and rocky pastures. West Albany, Albany co., C. H. Peck; Newumattrord, Oneida co., J. V. Haberer, May and September. This is a large shrub or small tree which occurs in several places about Albany. It also occurs in Petersburg, Rensselaer co. Its fruit is edible. Crataegus tenella Ashe Hilly and rocky pastures. Colemans Station and Moores Mills, Dutchess co.; Dykemans, Putnam co. May, September and Octo- ber. W. W. Egeleston. Cynoglossum boreale Fern. West Fort Ann, Washington co. June. S. H. Burnham. Didymium clavus (A. & S.) Rabenh. Dead herbaceous stems. Grove Springs near Lake Keuka. July. C. E. Fairman. These specimens differ from typical forms in having a slightiy smaller peridium. Dryopteris pittsfordensis Slosson Springville, Richmond co. May. Philip Dowell. Solway, Onon- daea co. KR. C. Benedict. Entoloma minus n. sp. Pileus thin, subconic or hemispheric, becoming broadly convex, glabrous, grayish brown, darker in the center; lamellae thin, close, ascending at first, sinuate behind, whitish becoming flesh color; 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM stem slender, hollow, white; spores subglobose, angular, .0003—.0004 of an inch in diameter. Pileus 8-12 lines broad; stem 1I-1.5 inches long, about 1 line thick. Ground in woods. Fast Schaghticoke, Rensselaer co. August, Flammula expansa n. sp. Pileus thin, broadly convex or nearly plane, glabrous or some- times with appressed spotlike scales in the center, subochraceous, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, close, yellow, changing to brown where wounded; stem short, equal, solid, brownish with- out, yellow within; spores broadly elliptic, .o003 of an inch long, .00024 broad. Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long, 2-3 lines thick. Decaying wood of red maple, Acer rubrum. Helderbergs, Albany. co. July. _S. H. Burnham. East Schaghticoke; @mtemes selaer co. August. Gaura coccinea Pursh Near Rochester. August. Introduced from the west. M. 3S: Baxter and V. Dewing. | Hydnum coriaceo-membranaceum Schw. Ground. Lake Pleasant, Hamilton co. Hydnum luteopallidum Schw. Decorticated wood and bark of some deciduous tree, apparently butternut, Juglans cinerea. jJLyndonville, Orleansaiee July. L. J. Muchmore. The type specimens of Schweinitz were found on grapevines. In ours the fungus is resupinate, adnate, with a very thin subiculum, smoky yellow or brownish, whitish or pale yellow on the young ‘margin; the teeth are scarcely half a line long, scattered or crowded, sometimes confluent at the base and subfasciculate, colored like the subiculum but white fimbriate at the tips; spores subglobose, colored, verrucose, .ooo16—-.0002 of an inch broad. Hygrophorus burnhami n. sp. Ground. West Fort Ann, Washington co. October. The descrip- tion of this species may be found in the chapter on New York Species of Hygrophorus. Hygrophorus luridus B. & C. Among mosses and fallen leaves in woods. Sand Lake, Rens- selaer co. August. REPORT OF THE YSTATE BOLANIS® 1906 25 Hypocrea pallida E. & FE. On some resupinate polyporoid fungus on oak branches. Lake Minnewaska, Uister co. August. Inocybe pallidipes E. & E. Dead wood and decaying vegetable matter, near Friends lake, Warren co. July. The white stem and brown umbonate pileus are prominent and notable characters of this species. Wood inhabiting species of this aeuiemane few.” Lhis one is related to Imocybe euthe- Hommebes) fic, but it is a stouter plant with a thicker, straighter stem) which is white even in the dried state. Lepiota asperula Atk. Meods, Near Ithaca. August. G. F. Atkinson. Vaughns, Washington co. July. S. H. Burnham. This last is a form having a more slender stem and slightly darker pileus, but scarcely worthy of specific distinction. Lepiota eriophora Pk. Jamestown, Chautauqua co. August. G. E. Morris. This is distinguished from the preceding species by its smaller size, darker brown color, denser crowded scales of the pileus and specially by the copious brown tomentum of both pileus and stem, a character suggestive of the specific name. It has not yet been found in the eastern part of the.State. Its range is apparently westward and southward. Leptoglossum fumosum Pk. Geoglossum luteumfumosum, State Mus. Rep’t 43. 1890. p. 40. Receptacle fleshy, stipitate, oblong, obtuse, terete or compressed and furrowed on one or both sides, glabrous, moist, hollow, distinct from the stem and sometimes with one or two decurrent lobes at the base, 3-6 lines long, 1.5-3 lines broad, smoky yellow; stem equal or nearly so, glabrous, hollow, about as long as the receptacle, slightly darker ; asci subclavate or cylindric; spores oblong, biseriate, often slightly curved, hyaline, 2-4-nucleate, .oo12—.0016 of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad. Mossy ground in woods. Sand Lake. August. This was for- merly considered a mere variety of Leptoglossum luteum, but having found a group of good specimens showing well the distinctive characters of the species it seems worthy of specific rank. 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Linum medium (Planch.) Britton Hempstead Plains, Nassau co. July. Lycoperdon excoriatum Lloyd Warrensburg, Warren co. October. The specimens referred to this species were found growing about the roots of an old stump in a pasture. They are either scattered or gregarious in their mode of erowth. The peridium is grayish brown and umbonate and has a cortex similar to that of Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsem but it usually separates and falls away in flakes or patches, a char- acter suggestive of the specific name. Sometimes the larger spinules fall away separately, asin L. gemmatum, leaving a scar on the peridium and showing the close relationship between the two species. Lycoperdon polytrichum Lloyd Among hair cap mosses, Polytrichum juniperimmaas Piseco, Hamilton co. August and September. Closely related to L. gemmatum, but differing in its peculiar habitat. Lycoperdon serotinum Bon. Decaying wood, old stumps and prostrate trunks of trees. Sep- tember to November. Appearing like a late smooth form Of Ly Compe tf dom. py isi Onsen achat: Marasmius phyllophilus n. sp. Pileus membranaceous, convex or nearly plane, dry, strongly rugose striate or rugose sulcate, whitish, with a faint pinkish tinge when dry ; lamellae narrow, distant, rounded behind, adnexed, white, the interspaces venose; stem tough, slender, equal, inserted, hollow, covered with a wh‘tish downy or velvety pubescence; spores .0002- .00024 of an inch long, .00012—.00016 broad. Pileus 4-8 lines broad; stem 10-15 lines long, about .5 of a line thick. Gregarious on fallen leaves in woods. Wading River. Suffolk co. August. Closely related to M. insititius Fr. from which it is sepa- rated by the attachment of the lamellae to the stem and by the white color and pubescent coating of the stem. The spores also are larger than the dimensions of the spores of that species. REPORD OF, THE STATES BOrANISL 1906 27 Mycena albogrisea n. sp. Pileus thin, submembranaceous, ovate or subcampanulate, obtuse, glabrous, sulcate striate, grayish white ; lamellae rather thick, broad, distant, adnate, colored like the pileus; stem slender, glabrous, hollow, paler than the pileus, with a whitish strigose villosity at the base; spores .0003 of an inch long, .ooo16—.0002 broad. Piles 3-5 lines broad, nearly as long; stem 1-2 inches long, about half a line thick. Attached to fallen leaves of coniferous trees. Bolton, Warren co. September. It belongs to the section Basipedes. In the dried specimens the pileus has assumed a slightly darker or smoky tint, but it still retains its sulcate striate character. Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. Gloversville, Fulton co. September. W. C. Cottrell. Introduced mom@eient. ihe common name of its fruit is apple of Peru: In Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada its name is givenas Physalodes physalodes (L.) Britton, but the International Botanical Congress having decided against the use of double names, we have used the name given in Gray’s Manual. Omphalia pusillissima n. sp. Pileus membranaceous, broadly convex or nearly plane, glabrous, umbilicate, slightly striate on the margin when dry, white; lamellae few, distant, decurrent, white; stem slender, filiform, flexuous, glabrous, white; spores subglobose or broadly elliptic, .oo02—.00024 of an inch long, .ooo16—.0002 broad. Pileus 1-2 lines broad; stem 3-5 lines long. On humus and decay- ing twigs under pine trees. Delmar, Albany co. August. This is one of the smallest species of Omphalia known to me. The lamellae are very narrow, sometimes branched and sometimes gesent. It is a smaller mushroom than Omphalia inte- gvtella, and differs from it in its umbilicate pileus. The stem is holiow but the cavity is minute. Ohleria modesta Fckl. On carious wood of beech. Lyndonville, Orleans co. March. Gi. Fairman. Panicum deminutivum n. sp. Culms 4-10 inches tall, slender, erect, branched, slightly hairy near the base; branches 3-6, short, suberect, each terminating in a 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM panicle, occasionally bearing one or two branchlets; radical leaves lanceolate, sparingly villose, 3-6 lines long, cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, acuminate, 6-12 lines long, 1-1.25 lines broad, minutely pubescent beneath, labrous above, or one or two lower ones sometimes with a few long scattered hairs, the sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes and minutely pubescent, stipules a tuft of slender bristlelike hairs .5-1 line long; panicles ovate in outline, 6-12 lines long, the branches and pedicels glabrous, spikelets sub- globose or oval, less than .5 of a line long, the first scale minute, glabrous or nearly so, second and third scales nearly equal in length, minutely pubescent, the second commonly purplish. Moist or wet muddy soil. Shore of Little pond about 2.5 miles south of Wading River, Suffolk co. August. This diminutive panic grass has smaller spikelets than any species I find described. In most of its characters it approaches closely to Panicum psammophilum Nash from which I have separated it because of the smaller size of all its parts, its different mode of growth and different habitat. This is wet humus or decomposed vegetable matter which is apparently submerged in times of high water. The mode of growth ts scattered, not cespitose, and the pubescence except at tne base of the stem is so minute that it is scarcely visible to the naked eye. Unless carefully examined with a magnifying glass the plants would be considered glabrous. Peckiella hymenii n. sp. Subiculum white, overrunning the hymenium of the host plant and obliterating the lamellae, sometimes interrupted; perithecia minute, globose, semiimmersed in the subiculum, numerous, pale honey color becoming darker with age; asci linear, .0o9g—.013 of an inch long, .0003-.0004 broad; spores monostichous, fusiform, acute at each end, hyaline, .oor6—.oo18 of an inch long, .00025—.0003 broad, oozing from the perithecia and forming irregular whitish masses upon them, On the hymenium of Lactarius yellereus Fro Wee ing River, Suffolk co. August. The parasite in all the specimens seen, is limited to the hymenium of the host plant, the upper surface of the pileus and the stem remaining unchanged. The host plant also retains its acrid taste. The perithecia are so numerous that they give a general pallid hue to the parasite, though the subiculum itself is white. The emitted spores, adhering in minute masses, do not cover the surface with ot eas 9 REPORT “OF THE STATE EORANISE 1906 29 a white pulverulence as the spores of the related Hypomyces PAeemeruotim (Schw.) Tul. do. Peramium tessellatum (Lodd.) Rydb. Myoceds. © Floodwood, Franklin co. North Elba, Essex co. feds. his may be separated from Peramium repens (L.) Salisb. by its spiral arrangement of the flowers of the spike. Peridermium consimile A. & K. Living leaves of spruce trees. Common in the swamps and on the mountains of the Adirondack region where it is associated with memederimitm decolorans Pk. from which it may be dis- tinguished by its smaller spores. Phyllosticta ampelopsidis E. & M. Living leaves of-woodbine, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Wading River, Suffolk co. August. Phyllosticta smilacis FE. & E. Pena deaves of ereenbrier, Smilax rotundifolia Mx. Wading River, Suffolk co. August. Phyllosticta sphaeropsidea E. & E. Seeime icayes of horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocas- mermitaee Port Flenry, Essex co. September. Pleurotus terrestris n. sp. Pileus thin, broadly convex, even, glabrous, moist, whitish; la- mellae thin, close, broad, slightly emarginate, adnexed, whitish; stem equal, even, curved, glabrous, solid, eccentric, whitish; spores white, globose, .o0028-.00032 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 3-4 lines thick. Cespitose. On the ground in the margin of woods, West Fort Ann, Washington co. October. S. H. Burnham. This species belongs to the section Eccentrici, group Tricholo- matarii. : Polyporus galactinus Berk. Trunks of apple trees. Delmar, Albany co. August. The fresh young specimens are white, but in drying they assume a pale straw color which in time becomes a dingy yellow. The spores in our examples are subglobose, .00016—.0002 of an inch broad, 30 ike NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Puceinia peckisC@De tl migell: On hairy fruited sedge, Carex “trichocarpa. ss Greenbush. This is the teleutospore form. The aecidial form occurs on living leaves of evening primrose, Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. This form occurs in summer, the other in autumn. Russula foetentula Pk. The description of this species may be found in the chapter on “New York Species of Russula.” Russula modesta Pk. For description see chapter on “New York Species of Russula.” Russula pectinatoides Pk. The description of this species may be found in the chapter on “ Edible Fungi.” Russula vesca Fr. Woods. Bolton Landing, Warren co. August. Scleroderma tenerum B. & C. This is a small Scleroderma, scarcely attaining a diameter of I inch, and having a thin grayish or grayish yellow peridium spotted by very smail appressed brownish scales. It is gregarious or some- times cespitose in its mode of growth. It is not rare, but has been confused with another species both in this country and in Europe. Septoria lycopersici Speg. Living leaves of tomato. Menands. July. This parasitic fungus produces spots on the leaves and finally discolors the whole leaf and kills it. It is an injurious species. Steccherinum adustulum Banker On dead wood and sticks. Jamestown, Chautauqua co. G. E. Morris. East Schaghticoke, Rensselaer co. July. H. J. Banker. This species differs from the common Hydnum adustum Schw. or its equivalent Steccherinum adustum Banker, in its smaller size and its persistently white or whitish pileus and spines or teeth. »Its spores are also a little shorter than in that species. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 31 Stemonitis smithit Macb. Decaying wood. Lyndonville, Orleans co. July. L. J. Muchmore. Tricholoma hirtellum n. sp. On or about pine stumps. Wading River, Suffolk co. August. The description of this species may be found in the chapter on “ Edible Fungi.” Viola incognita Brainerd Damp or moist ground. Little Falls. Mrs M. 5S. DeCoster. Sand Lake, Rensselaer co. May. Moo ha RALIMITAL SPECIES OF FUNGI Phallogaster whitei Peridium subglobose, 4—5 lines broad, abruptly contracted below into a cylindric stem about 4 lines long and 1 line thick, stellately or radiately rupturing when mature, the rays recurved; glebe masses greenish, becoming black in drying, separated from each other by a white slightly lobed columella, the lobes not reaching the inner surface of the peridium; spores minute, oblong, .00016—.0002 of an - inch long. Much decayed wood. Storrs, Ct.. July. .E. A. White. Closely Heedetoeehallogaster saccatus More. but distinct im its smaller size, differently shaped peridium, different mode of rup- ture, more distinct cylindric stem and different internal structure. Like that species it has an abundance of white branching mycelial strands. It is dedicated to its discoverer. Hymenogaster anomalus Peridium thin, subglobose, 9-12 lines in diameter, glabrous, slightly lacunose, often with a rootlike strand of mycelium at the base, whitish, sometimes tinged with red above, white and cellular within, the cells empty, .5-1 line in diameter, sterile base obsolete or nearly so, odor slight, not disagreeable ; spores globose or broadly elliptic, even, hyaline, uninucleate, .o004—.00055 of an inch long, .00035-.0005 broad. Near Washington, D. C. August and September. T. E. Wil- cox. This species is most closely related to Hymenogaster thwaitesii B.& Br. by its subglobose spores, but it may be separated by its white substance, its smoother colorless spores and 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM its cordlike strand of mycelium. This last character is unusual in this genus and suggestive of the specific name. Leptonia transformata Pileus thin, submembranaceous, slightly convex or nearly plane, often umbilicate, silky tomentose, dry or slightly moist in wet weather, striatulate on the margin which is at first incurved, some- times becoming wavy or split when old, white, flesh white, taste farinaceous; lamellae sinuate, adnexed, close, unequal, ventricose, white becoming pink; stem long, slender, straight or flexuose, equal or slightly narrowed upward, pruinose at the top, glabrous and shining below, subcartilaginous, stuffed or hollow, white with a white mycelium at the base; spores flesh colored, angular, uninu- cleate, .0004-.0005 of an inch long, .0003—.00035 broad. Pileus 5-10 lines broad; stem 1-2 inches long, .5-1 line thick. Bushy. places. Falmouth, Mass. July. S. Davis. Both) pileme and stem become blackish or blackish brown in drying and the pileus becomes deeply umbilicate and strongly striate from the margin to the umbilicus. These changes give the dried plant an appearance quite unlike that of the fresh one. Hygrophorus ruber Pileus thin, conic, commonly unexpanded, acute or subobtuse, cuspidate or narrowly umbonate, very viscid or glutinous, bright red, not turning black in drying; lamellae narrow, ascending, ad- nexed, subdistant, yellow or yellowish brown; stem equal, viscid, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores subelliptic, .o0024—.0003 of an. inch long, .o0016—.0002 broad. Pileus .5—2 inches broad; stem scarcely 1 inch long, 1 line thick. Among mosses in wooded swamps. Ellis, Stow, Cohasset, Mass. September 1G. a Mortis: Distinct from H. conicus in its usually smaller size, more viscid pileus, bright red stem and persistent unchanging color in drying. Hygrophorus serotinus Pileus fleshy but thin, convex or nearly plane, often with the thin margin curved upward, glabrous or with a few obscure innate fibrils, reddish in the center, whitish on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, subdistant, adnate or decurrent, white, the interspaces slightly venose; stem equal, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, whitish ; spores white, elliptic, .oo03 of an inch long, .oo02 broad. eo a eS ee ee REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 22 Pileus 8-15 lines broad; stem about 1 inch long, 1.5-2.5 lines thick. Gregarious or cespitose in woods of oak and pine. Shore of Hammond pond near Boston, Mass. November. Mrs E. B. Black- ford. This species is similar in size and color to Hygrophorus queletii Bres. but that species is described as having the margin of the pileus viscid when young and adorned with white flocci, the center of the pileus covered or spotted with reddish squamules or flocci and at length rimose areolate, the lamellae tinged with citrine yellow, the stem solid and furfuraceous or squamulose and the habitat is said to be larch woods only. None of these characters is applicable to our plant. It also resembles H. subrufescens Pk. in size and color but it differs from it in its more glabrous pileus with paler margin, its white flesh, stuffed or hollow stem and later time of appearance. This last character is suggestive of the name given to the species. Xylaria polymorpha combinans n. var. Club subglobose, often compressed and irregular, cespitose at the top of a common subterranean stem or of two stems united at the top; perithecia and spore character as in the species. Crowine trom roots of a dead maple tree. Bridgeport, Ct. November. P. W. Graff. The subterranean stem is about 2.5 inches long, the clubs 1-1.5 broad. The clubs appeared as if resting on the ground. The subglobose shape of the club or stroma is char- ecteticne@ or, polymorpha hypoxylea Nits. and the ces- Hiecesmode Ot gtowth, of X. polymorpha spathulata Pers. This combination of characters of two varieties in one 1s suggestive of the varietal name here given. ROVERS AND OBSERVATIONS Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze Minis is a very vatiable species. A peculiar form occurs neat Port Jefferson, in which the leaves are abruptly acuminate or cus- pidate and the upper ones are entire or nearly so. The flower spikes are more narrow than usual and are sometimes interrupted toward the base. Boletus nigrellus Pk. A form of this extremely rare species was found in Sand Lake in which the pileus is yellowish or greenish yellow when fresh, and 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM its flesh, as well as the tubes and stem, slowly changes to a dingy flesh color and then to black or blackish where wounded, as in the type. Castanea dentata ( Marsh.) Borkh. There is a chestnut tree near Freehold, Greene co., in which the involucre of the fruit is rudimentary or abortive. It consists of a mere shallow cup or rim which surrounds the base of the fruit. The tree is known to the inhabitants of the place as the burless chestnut. _It blossomed freely the past summer but failed to develop fruit. It is said that the boys are so eager for the nuts that the owner of the tree realizes but small returns from it. As 7ft is the only tree of its kind known to us it would seem desirable that it should be perpetuated either by planting its seeds or grafting scions of it on other chestnut trees. Catastoma circumscissum (B. & C.) Morg. This curious little puffball which ruptures at the base when mature, as indicated by the generic name, is more plentiful in more western regions. It has been found in two localities in our State, one in St Lawrence county, the other in Essex county. Chrysomyxa pyrolae (DC.) Rostr. As indicated by the specific name, this species usually inhabits the — living leaves of various kinds of Pyrola, but the uredo spores were discovered the past season near Friends lake, inhabiting living leaves of Moneses unviloras (es) ‘(Grays Clavaria bicolor Pk. This name, being antedated by Clavaria bicolor Mass, was changed in Sylloge 17, page 196 to Clavaria peckii Sace, & D. Sacc. This name having previously been used in Sylloge 9, page 249, was not available in this case. Therefore the name Clavaria vestitipes is here substituted for ©lag etna bicolor in N. Y. State Museum bulletin 54, page 954. Craterellus cantharellus (Schw.) Fr. A form of this mushroom occurred plentifully the past season near Menands. The hymenium was distinctly marked by branched and anastomosing folds or narrow blunt edged lamellae, so that the plants might easily be mistaken for the common yellow chantarelle. e508 et ree ~ ‘ REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 35 In the dried specimens the folds have disappeared from the hymenium near the stem but they are very distinct toward the margin. In other respects these mushrooms maintain the characters of the species. We propose for them the name Craterellus eatedatrellis intermedius n. var. The hymenium is in- termediate in character between that of Cantharellus and Craterellus. Dryopteris simulata Dav. Fine specimens of this delicate fern were found near “ Merrell Avenue,” Richmond co. by Mr P. Dowell and contributed by him to the State herbarium. Eleocharis intermedia habereri Fern. Sandy shore of Oneida lake at Lewis point, Madison co. August. J. V. Haberer. In this variety the bristles are rudimentary or en- tirely wanting. Fusarium sclerodermatis Pk. This name is antedated by Fusarium sclerodermatis Oud. The New York fungus has the same habitat as the other and is so closely related to it that, in our opinion, it is only a less fully developed form of it. Inocybe calamistrata F'r. A form of this species sometimes occurs in which the usual dingy blue tint at the base of the stem is wanting. Such specimens were collected near Friends lake in July. They were growing with the normal form. Irpex canescens Fr. Fine specimens of this species were found in woods near Wading River. They were growing on dead branches of an apple tree, and developed on the underside of the branches. On branches less than an inch thick, a free margin projected 3 or 4 lines on each side. The hymenium of these margins had the appearance of the hymenium of some Lenzites, the plates being lamellalike and running at right angles to the axis of the branch and parallel to each other, occasion- ally branching or anastomosing. Lactarius pergamenus Fr. This mushroom seems to intergrade with Lactarius piper- atus Fr. Specimens sometimes occur that might with almost equal propriety be referred to either species. But specimens were found 320. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM near Wading River in which the prominent distinguishing charac- ters of the species were so well expressed that the identity of the species could be easily recognized. The thin, narrow and very crowded lamellae and the thin and flexible pileus were satisfactorily shown. Lobelia dortmanna L. In Gray’s Manual the water lobelia is described as being 5-12 inches high; in Britton and Brown’s [/lustrated Flora, 6-18 inches. Specimens of this plant were collected in Friends lake that are 30-35 inches tall. They grew in deep water which is evidently one factor in determining the length of the stem. Lycoperdon pedicellatum Pk. On account of the permanently pedicellate spores of this very: distinct puffball the species has been transferred from the genus Lycoperdon to Bovistella and bears the name Bovistella pedicel latam (Ch) Seloyd Panus fulvidus Bres. So far as can be ascertained from the descriptions of this species of mushroom and Lentinus sulcatus Berk. they are specific- ally the same. The uneven or denticulate edge of the lamellae of L.sulcatus is not mentioned in the description of P. fulvi- dus, but in the other characters there appears to be complete agreement. The specimens which in State Museum bulletin 105, page 26 are referred to P. fulvidus have the eroded or den- ticulate edge of the lamellae ascribed to Lentinus sulcatus and as this species antedates Panus fulvidus our specimens should take the name Lentinus sulcatus Berk. This species was founded on specimens collected in Ohio. Paxillus panuoides Fr. A singular form of this species was found at Glens Falls by Dr H. von Schrenk growing on pulp paper that had been stored for a considerable time in an inclosure where there was not much light. Both habitat and place were unusual and evidently had a modifying influence on the character of the specimens. Some of them were 4 inches long, including the narrowed stemlike base, and 2 or 3 inches broad. They were nearly white when fresh but in drying they gradually assumed a yellowish tint approaching the normal Cs aie ri ines apie ie hemes fon ee — Ee ee REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 37 color of the species. Smaller specimens were found growing near these but in a more exposed place. These had the usual color of the species. Peziza (Mollisia) typhae Pk. Witsename is antedated by Peziza (Mollisia) typhae Cke. Though bearing the same name the two fungi appear to be quite distinct. In the New York species the cups are superfictal and the disk is much paler than in the other and the spores are much smaller. We therefore substitute the name Mollisia palli- @ueg sor Peziza (Mollisia) typhae Pk. in New York State Museum Report 32, page 47. Physarum lateritium (B. & R.) Rost. Bark in woods. Lyndonville, Orleans co. Autumn. Scarce. C. E. Fairman. The Lyndonville specimens differ from the typical form in having the lime granules of the peridium and the nodules of the capillitium yellow instead of red. Polystichum acrostichoides incisum (Gr.) Under. Pound Ridge, Westchester co. July. Mrs E. S. Tomlinson The specimen is a very broad one, the frond being nearly 6 inches broad in its widest part. The fruiting pinnae are not abruptly re- duced in size as in the ordinary form of the species. Populus balsamifera L. In the town of Sand Lake, Rensselaer co. there is an outlying and unusually southern station of this northern tree, the balsam poplar. The trees are few in number but they have existed there for many years. Those bearing pistillate aments predominate, but staminate aments are borne by at least one tree. The location is so far south of the general range of the species that late frosts often kill the early starting blossoms and prevent the development of fruit. Some- times when this does not occur the crop of pollen seems to be in- sufficient for the general pollination of the pistillate blossoms. Last spring many pistillate aments were found with only three or four fruit pods developed, the others having prematurely fallen. The lack of proper pollination was probably the cause. The leaves on the older and less vigorous branches are somewhat thomboidal and pointed at both ends, but those on young and vigor- ous branches are more ovate and broadly rounded or even truncate at the base. Both kinds of leaves grow on different branches of 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the same tree. The species is northern in its range and is common in the Adirondack region. Sagina procumbens L. Crevices of walls and pavements. Utica. September. This is an unusual location for the procumbent pearlwort. Its occurrence here was made known to me by Dr Haberer. It forms rather tlense compact mats. In Paine’s Catalogue of Oneida County Plants its habitat is given as “ wet sandy banks and shores.” It is recorded as “rare” but no definite station is mentioned. Scirpus atrovirens pycnocephalus Fern. Shore of Oneida lake at Lewis point, Madison co. August. Scirpus cyperinus pelius Fern. Open woods 3 miles south of Utica. August. J. V. Haberer. Near Frankfort, Plerkimer co. s September, (Coie eck Trametes serialis Fr. On pulp paper. Glens Falls. October. Hl. von Sehtenke saa. specimens are white throughout and therefore the growth of the present season. The usual habitat in the Adirondack region is dead wood of spruce. | Trillium erectum album Pursh Near Syracuse. May. Mrs L. L. Goodrich. Im the conttipated specimen the petals are yellowish. This form has been unusually plentiful this year and might easily be considered as good a variety as the form with white petals. Viola cucullata Ait. A peculiar form of this species occurs in North Greenbush. In it the scapes are about as long as the leaves, the tips of the petals are white or whitish and also the basal angles of some of the leaves. EDIBLE HUNG Tricholoma hirtellum n. sp. HAIRY “CAP “PRICHOLON: PLATE 105, FIG. I-5 Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, subumbonate, dry, hairy, pale brown, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, close, slightly sinuate, REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 39 adnexed, minutely floccose on the edge, yellowish white or pallid; stem slender, equal, stuffed or hollow, with a very small cavity, fibrillose or subsquamulose, colored like or a little paler than the pileus ; spores subglobose, .00024—.0003 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. The hairy cap tricholoma grows in tufts or singly on or about pine stumps in Wading River, Suffolk co. and occurs in August. It is a very rare species and has been found but once. It is related @eetienoloma albofimbriatum Trog., from- which ‘it is separated by its hairy cap, white flesh and less crowded gills not fimbriate on the margin. The hairs of the cap are often collected in minute tufts giving the cap an appearance similar to that of the brownish caps of the honey-colored armillaria, but unlike that species it never has a collar on the stem. The caps are I-1.5 inches broad, the stem 2-3 inches long and 2--3 lines thick. Tricholoma nudum (Bull.) Fr. NAKED TRICHOLOMA > BENE, TOA, FIG... 1-9 Pileus thin, broadly convex, nearly plane or slightly depressed in the center, obtuse or occasionally slightly umbonate, incurved on the thin naked margin when young, pale violaceous or lavender, fading with age and the escape of moisture to a pale grayish brown, often slightly tinged with reddish or yellowish hues, flesh ot the young plant tinged with the color of the pileus, becoming white with age, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, close, slightly sinuate, adnate or decurrent, colored like the pileus when young, becoming. whitish with age; stem firm, equal, fibrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the piieus; spores pale flesh color in mass, elliptic, .00024—.0003 of an inch long, .ooo12—.00016 broad. | The naked tricholoma is a rare species with us. The specimens tested and figured on plate 104 were collected in Electric park, Columbia co., October 29, by Mr S. H. Burnham. The plants were found growing: in flower beds, either singly or in clusters, and when young and fresh they are throughout of a beautiful violet color ap- proaching lavender, but this color fades and changes with age and with the escape of moisture and the cap becomes a pale pinkish gray or dingy reddish, the stem and gills also changing in a similar man- ner. ‘The cap is generally obtuse but sometimes umbonate. The margin is very thin and when young is incurved and sometimes 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM striatulate, the obscure striations being the shadowy lines of the gills showing through the membranous and almost translucent sub- stance of the margin. In drying, the excessive moisture escapes from the center of the cap first. The margin is naked even in young plants and in this character the species differs from its near relative, the masked tricholoma. It is also smaller than that species and more highly colored when young. The naked margin is probably the character which suggested the name of the species. The typical form of the species is described as having a stuffed stem. In our plants the stem is sometimes clearly hollow. An acid odor has been ascribed to the species but no distinct odor was perceptible in our specimens. European mycologists do not appear to have given very definitely the color of the spores of this species. Professor Fries describes the spores of the species referred by him to Paxillus, tribe Lepista, as sordid, and W. G. Smith, who raised this tribe to generic rank and referred both Tricholoma nudum and Dameee sonatum to it, says the spores are dirty white. In our plant the spores are pale flesh color and indicate a close relationship between this species and those of the pink spored series, specially those in the genus Clitopilus. But the close connection between this species and Tricholoma personatum persuades us at present to let the species remain where it has so long stood not- withstanding the peculiar spore color. The cap in our specimens is I-3 inches broad, the stem 1-2 inches long and 2-4 lines thick. Stevenson says of the European plant, “ Not recommended as edible.” Gillet says “very good” and “very delicate” but rarely used. In our trial of it we found it agreeable in flavor, digestible and harmless and have no hesitation in placing it among the edible species. Its worst defect is its scarcity. Clitocybe amethystina (Bolt.) AME MH YSi ChimtOC yar PLATE 100, FIG. I-O Pileus at first hemispheric, becoming broadly convex or nearly plane, hygrophanous, often obscurely striate on the margin when young and moist, depressed in the center or frequently umbilicate, often irregular, violaceous when moist, grayish or grayish white when dry; lamellae rather thick, subdistant, violaceous, adnate or slightly decurrent; stem slender, rigid, straight or flexuose, stuffed, REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 AI becoming hollow, paler than the moist pileus; spores globose, verru- cose, .0003-.0004 of an inch broad. The amethyst clitocybe is a small species, gregarious in its mode of growth and slightly tough. European mycologists have gener- ally considered it as a mere form or at most a variety of Clito- cybe laccata (Scop.) Fr. Berkeley and Broome instituted a new genus, Laccaria, for the reception of C. laccata and allied species with tough substance, hymenophorum confluent with the stem, and thick gills powdered with white globose spores. They re- mark that the amethyst colored form usually referred to Agari- cus laccatus is probably distinct. Their genus has not yet been generally accepted but there is good ground for its establishment and it probably will be recognized in due time. Their remark con- cerning the amethyst colored form of C. laccata appears to us to be worthy of acceptance and it is therefore accepted here as a distinct species. It is easily recognizable both in its fresh and dried state from the paler and more common form usually referred to C.laccata. It is very constant in its characters and no inter- mediate forms occur to connect them. It is quite as good as an edible mushroom. In drying, the gills retain their violaceous color longer than the cap. Clitocybe ochropurpurea Berk. PUik PES OCHER. CLITOCYBE PLATE 106, FIG. 7—II Pileus subhemispheric, becoming convex with a decurved margin or nearly plane and slightly centrally depressed, fleshy, tough, com- pact, hygrophanous, purplish hrown when moist, grayish or pale alutaceous when dry, unpolished; lamellae thick, distant, broad, narrower outwardly, adnate or decurrent, purple; stem variable, short or long, equal, or sometimes thicker in the middle, sometimes at each end, fibrous, solid, colored like or paler than the pileus; spores globose, white, verrucose, .0003—.0004 of an inch broad. The purplish ocher clitocybe is related to such species as the laccate clitocybe, C.laccata, and the amethyst clitocybe, C. amethystina. From both it is easily separated by its purple gills and larger size. It is found in wet weather from July to September. It grows in open grassy places and is sometimes quite irregular in shape. Its cap is often 3-4 inches broad and its 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM stem 4-6 lines thick. As an edible species it is rather tough but its flavor is agreeable if well cooked and seasoned and it is harmless. Should the proposed genus Laccaria be recognized the name of the present species would be Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) and that of the preceding species would be Laccaria amethystina (Bolt.): Che. Russula compacta Frost COMPACE RUSSUEA PLATE I0Q, FIG. I-4 Pileus fleshy, compact, broadly convex, becoming centrally de- pressed or infundibuliform by the elevation of the margin, dry or slightly viscid after rain, unpolished, at first whitish slightly clouded with reddish buff, or rusty red with whitish margin, becoming en- tirely rusty red with age, flesh white, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae close, adnate or slightly rounded behind, unequal, some forked, white, changing to reddish brown where wounded and in drying; stem short, stout, firm, solid or sometimes cavernous, white, becoming stained where bruised; spores white, globose or subglobose, .0003-.00035 of an inch broad. The compact russula is a large mushroom belonging to the. Friesian section Compactae. It is allied to the European Russula mustelina Fr. from which it may be separated by its different color, which changes with age, and by its disagreeable odor in dry- ing. The cap is usually 2-4 inches broad, but sometimes it attains a diameter of 6 inches. Its stem is short, equal, stout and firm, white when young but usually hecoming colored like the cap. It is _ 2-2.5 inches long, 8-18 lines thick. It furnishes an abundance of agreeable food, the flesh being so thick and compact. Russula earlei Pk. BARLE RUSSUEA State Mus: Buli67,.p. 24) pls N; fe95-10: The Earle russula is a very distinct and easily recognized species. No one of our other species has such distant gills combined with such small white spores. These “characters in connection with its very viscid or glutinous and pale yellow or straw colored cap make it scarcely possible to confuse it with any other species. It has hitherto been found on Long Island only. It occurs in August. REPORT -OF LEE StAGE. BORA NIST 1906 43 Russula pectinatoides n. sp. PECTENERCEORUSSULA PLATE 105, FIG. 6-10 Pileus thin, broadly convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, widely tuberculose striate on the margin, brownish or yellowish brown, sometimes darker in the center, flesh white, grayish white under the separable cuticle, taste mild or slightly acrid; lamellae thin, a few forked at the base, occa- sionally a short one, adnate, white becoming pallid; stem equal, spongy within, even, glabrous, white; spores whitish, subglobose, .00025—.0003 of an inch long. | Grassy ground in groves or pastures. The pectenlike russula is Simitiae to kRuSsila pectinata (Bull.) Fr. from which it differs in its mild or slightly acrid flavor, its even stem, in its flesh being grayish white under the cuticle and in its adnate gills. It is gregarious or scattered in its mode of growth and is not plentiful. Iivelosely resembles Russula sororia Fr. in its general ap- pearance, but may be separated from it by its milder taste. Its cap is 1-3 inches broad; its stem is 1-2 inches long and 3-4 lines thick. It appears in July and August. It is edible but not very highly flavored. Russula uncialis Pk. INCH WIDE RUSSULA PLATE 107, FIG. 7-12 Pileus thin, convex becoming expanded or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, glabrous or very minutely rivulose-granulose, red or pinkish red, the margin obscurely tuberculose striate, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae moderately close, narrowed toward the stem at which a few of them in some specimens are forked, adnate or slightly emarginate, white, the interspaces venose; stem equal, glabrous stuffed or spongy within, white or reddish; spores white, globose, rough, .0003-.00035 of an inch in diameter. The inch wide russula belongs to the subgenus Fragiles, white Bpote, croup. “lt-1s about as jarae as Russula iragilis, but may be distinguished from it by its mild taste and less crowded gills. From similarly colored specimens of R.chameleontina it differs in its white spores and gills. The gills become pallid in drying. 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Agaricus micromegethus Pk. SMALL MUSHROOM PLATE 107, FIG. I-6 Agaricus pusillws Pkj NS Yo State Muse ikep t Sq ep amises Pileus fleshy but thin, fragile, convex, becoming plane, sometimes slightly depressed in the center, dry, silky fibrillose or fibrillose- squamulose, grayish brown, darker or brown in the center, often with yellowish or ferruginous stains, flesh white or whitish, not changing color where wounded, taste and odor almond; lamellae thin, close, free, grayish, soon pinkish, finally brown; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, sometimes bulbous, stuffed or hollow, slightly fibrillose, white, the annulus slight, often evanescent; spores broadly elliptic or subglobose, .ooo2 of an inch long, .00016 broad. The specimens from which this species was first described were smaller than others collected later. The caps in these now before us are I-3 inches broad and the stems 1-2 inches long and 3-5 lines thick. The flesh is white and unchangeable when cut or wounded. It has a taste resembling that of almonds which has given origin to the local name “almond mushroom.” One correspondent says that “it is the finest flavored mushroom he has ever tasted.” Bruises of the cap and stem of the fresh plant sometimes assume a yellow color. The plants grow singly or in clusters. They appear from September to November, and have been found growing in both sandy and clayey soil, and in tan yards. The range is from Michi- gan to Massachusetts. Boletus frostii Russell FROST BOLETUS PLATE 108, FIG. I-5 Pileus convex, firm when young, becoming softer with age, gla- brous, viscid, dark red becoming paler with age, flesh whitish, tinged with yellow next the tubes, taste slightly acrid; tubes concave in the young plant, becoming plane or convex, adnate, yellowish with their mouths colored like the pileus, changing to bluish green where wounded ; stem equal or nearly so, solid, strongly reticulate, colored like the pileus, yellow within, often with reddish stains at the base; spores with a greenish hue when caught on white paper, subfusiform, .0005—.0006 of an inch long, .o002 broad. The frost boletus is‘'a very showy species. Its deep red cap and distinctly reticulate red stem are attractive to the eyes and a delight REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1g06 45 to the mycoiogist. It occurs in our State on Long Island and so far as known is not found elsewhere within our limits. Its viscid cap is 2-4 inches broad and its stem about as long and 4-6 lines thick. It grows both in thin woods and in open places and occurs during July and August. According to the old rule, which pro- nounced all species of which the broken flesh assumed a blue color to be unfit for food and dangerous, this species should be rejected. But this rule must have its exceptions. I have eaten of this boletus without harm and one of my correspondents writes that he has eaten four caps of it at a meal and considers it an excellent species. Boletus rugosiceps Pk. RUGOSE CAP BOLEERDRUS State Mus. Bul. 94, p. 20, pl. Q, fig. 6-10. The rugose cap boletus is well marked by its yellowish ochraceous cap which is irregularly uneven by unequal and variously shaped pits or depressions in its surface. It 1s sometimes slightly tinged with red or orange and occasionally embellished with small areolae formed by cracks in the surface. The surface is viscid and shining when moist and the flesh is white or whitish. The tubes are at first closed but they soon open, are minute, round and yellow, becoming darker with age. The stem is solid and firm in texture, often marked with elevated longitudinal lines or ridges and dotted with numerous points which are variable in color, being either pallid, brownish or yellowish. The cap is 1-3 inches broad, the stem 2-4 inches long and 4-8 lines thick. The plants grow in thin woods and may be found in August. They have been found on Long Island but not in other parts of the State. In preparing them for the table it is well to peel away the cuticle and the tubes and discard the stem. NEW YORK SPECIES OF THYGROPHORUS Hygrophorus Fr. Hymenophorum continuous with the stem, descending unchanged into the trama; lamellae acute on the edge, clothed with a hymenium changeable into a waxy mass, not membranaceous; spores globose elliptic or ovoid, white. Terrestrial putrescent fungi with a viscid or moist pileus. The waxy character of the hymenium is the chief distinguishing character of the genus. The lamellae are usually thick, distant or subdistant, and their hymenial surfaces somewhat separable from 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the trama. Many species with decurrent gills are similar in appear- ance to species of Clitocybe, but such species may generally be dis- tinguished by their distant lamellae and their viscid pileus and stem. The genus was divided by Fries into three tribes or subgenera which have not yet been accepted as genera but they probably will be in due time. The foliowing synoptic key indicates the prominent characters that may be employed in their separation. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA Stem’ ‘solid or. stuffed xis iAk dais ee ee I Stemi hollows sa:2e ws &. LEA Be ee eee Hygrocybe 1uPailetis' moist; not :vascid 4 Seay See a ae eee Camarophyllus r Piles: and. ‘stenpviscid. 5 (omy eee oa ae one eee eee Limacium Limacium Fr. Universal veil viscid with a partial floccose veil sometimes forming a ring or attached to the margin of the pileus; lamellae adnate or decurrent; stem clothed with squamules or more often scabrous punctate at the top (or sometimes glabrous). In this subgenus the pileus and stem are normally viscid but in Hygrophorus purpurascens Pr, and Hy capnemems rius Kalchb. they soon become dry. The stem is usually solid or stuffed, but in H. eburnews Fr and oH. by pormennme Fr. it often ‘becomes hollow: H: pudorinws Fr is deseuisem as having no veil, but the pileus and stem are viscid. Perhaps the “velum nullum” has reference to the partial floccose veil only. There are several species in which the stem is neither squamulose nor scabrous punctate at the top. In other respects they agree with the description of this subgenus. They are H. fuligin- eus Frost, H. flavyodiscus Mrost, “H. specios isa H. subviolaceus Pk HH. hy pothej us fr) anudeueee lividoalbus Fr. This might justify the formation of a new subgenus for their reception, but since Fries himself has placed several similar European species in his subgenus Limacium, thus practically recognizing this additional character, it has seemed better to extend the characters of the subgenus, as Fries has done in fact though not in words, than to found another subgenus on such a slight difference. | KEY TO THE SPECIES Pileus white, or white with the center yellowish or brownish......... I Pileus pinkish, violaceous or red or purple with paler margin........... 7 Pileus livid. white, cinereous of browny....0..s22 408s. ool eee Ul 1 Margin of pileus with yellow floccose points..:.............:. chrysodon f Margin of ‘the ‘pileus: naked? ss: 2..0 seo eee eee ee 2 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 47 Pees MOlowe Wiel MAIC. etree es eine ean sa es OLA dae de eae 3 Zeotem, sold or stuited, not hollow: when mature... ....2........06-. A = Le qecilee-cy yin ae ak ka ee Bite eburneus pee antouaemverlow or yellowish... vie sedmi week ws a ee eee oe es hypothejus Aeleamicliae pecommg brownish with ase,on in drying...........2..6.... 5 fee amiciac persistently «white or whttish®=. 5.2.6. ... 60. o-02.06..4..- 6 Peaicts cichtiy -virgate with innate fbrils..). 25. .02............. virgatulus Peet Memes @ ean M OSE... 2.) 2. fs os ees apa RR es Oe elas es laurae G@ Stem scabrous punctate at the top.......2. Ree ie 5 rubropunctus Bese sabrous at the top... 2+... see eek ee flavodiscus fobdeie purple or with purple squamules.in the center............56...5. 8 mcm Ob ICE .COLOL . vs... 50's 5 Fh des we ES ws bs ore eo de 9g Seetlerseimaitonmily. colored ..... 2.5 cei ae cee eee oe: capreolarius Geeidens with, purple squamules in the center. ...7..2..... purpurascens Seorcunescaarous pinctate at the top. ... 2c... )iPigise be ween nce es pudorinus ae eimecarors. naked at the top... .... trikes bees Se pee ees one ee Se 10 mo Pilegs bright red, fading to yellow on the margin.,;........ speciosus MEMS mpale VIOlLACCOUS. i. ooo Si eee ome alee sen ens subviolaceus MT gmc cit EE TOP). ocd «ap a «ws vs cnn bnoblet foe ae Rh, las or abate 12 Meena eiidicededt the tOPi.... .. ssa. k jw es fe sive at GEC ee ekceti a cde weed 13 PPT TMESONNG pee ert coc Sosa a aves hl cdc ale we RACER ai eee ge eee fuligineus D2 SS eSe SIUUIGG ARs ener eae cae ere ne lividoalbus mm nemmmcnifamiulose at the top... ....... 06.4 ese access Pete ok os limacinus Mmuasreimunuatte occose at the top....... 6.2.5. .2eebs oe etme coum fuscoalbus Hygrophorus chrysodon (Batsch) Fr. GOEDEN TOOTH HYGROPHORUS Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, shining when dry, white with yellow particles or flocci on the margin and some- times in the center also, flesh white; lamellae distant, decurrent, white, sometimes yellowish on the edge; stem equal or nearly so, stuffed, white with yellow floccose points at the top; spores elliptic, .0003—.00035 of an inch long, .co016-.0002 broad. Pileus 1.5-3 inches broad; stem 1.5-2.5 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Woods and open places. Albany, Columbia and Ulster counties. Not common. September and October. A beautiful mushroom easily known by the yellow ornamentation of the margin of the pileus, the upper part of the stem and some- times the edge of the lamellae. Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull.) Fr. IVORY HY GROPHORUS Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, slightly pubes- cent on the margin when young, white, flesh white ; lamellae distant, 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM decurrent, white; stem equal or narrowed at the base, straight or flexuous, stuffed or hollow, viscid, white with white points or squam- ules at the top; spores subelliptic, .oo024—.0003 of an inch long, .0002~.00024 broad. Pileus I-2 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, 2-4 lines thick. Thin woods and open places. Sometimes cespitose. Lake Mo- honk, Ulster co. September and October. It may be distinguished from its near allies by its hollow stem. It is said to be edible but I have not tried it. The viscidity of the stem makes it difficult to pluck from its place of growth and unpleasant to handle. Hygrophorus virgatulus Pk. BLACK LINED AYGROEHORUS State Mus. Rep’t 26. 1874. p. 64. Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, minutely streaked with innate blackish fibrils, whitish with a brownish center, flesh white; lamellae distant, arcuate, decurrent, white becoming brownish in drying; stem equal or tapering downward, solid, viscid, white with a few small white floccose scales at the top; spores .0003-—.00035 of an inch long, .00016-.0002 broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 2-3 lines thick. Woods. Rensselaer county. October. Wery tare. The (spear mens here described were found in 1872 but no specimens of this species have since been found. The species is closely related to H.laurae from which it may be separated by its smaller size, more dingy color of the pileus with its innate fibrils and by its more soft floccose scales at the top of the stem. Hygrophorus laurae Morg. LAURA BYGROPHORUS Jour: Cin. Soc. Nate Sci 6h 216835) ps rao: Pileus fleshy, convex, umbonate, becoming expanded and de- pressed, more or less irregular, glutinous, white with a reddish or brownish tinge, specially on the disk, flesh white; lamellae unequal, adnate or decurrent, distant, white; stem more or less curved or crooked, often tapering downward, solid, yellowish white, the apex scabrous with scaly points; spores elliptic, apiculate, .co03 of an inch long, .ooo2 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-4 inches long, 3-6 lines thick. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 49 Woods and open places. Common. August and September. Single, gregarious or cespitose. Var. unicolor Pk. Pileus wholly white or only faintly tinged with yellow. Warren county. September. Edible. In this variety and in the typical form both pileus and lamellae become darker colored with age or in drying, but in the lamellae the change is more pronounced than in the pileus. Var. decipiens Pk. Pileus thin, white with a dingy yellow or smoky brown spot in the center; lamellae subdistant, stem long, slender, white; pileus and stem not changing color with age or in drying, lamellae changing color slightly. Cespitose; borders of woods. Hamilton county. September. Edible. More slender than the typical form and differing specially in the persistent colors of the pileus and lamellae. Closely related to the next following species. (Hygrophorus rubropunctus n. nom. RED DOLLED ~AYGROPHORUS (Hygrophorus glutinosus Pk.) State Mus. Bul. 54. 1902. p. 950. Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, glutinous, white, sometimes tinged with yellow by the drying of the gluten, involute on the margin, flesh white; lamellae subdistant, adnate, white; stem equal, solid, white, floccose tomentose below the glutinous annulus, studded above with drops of moisture which in drying form reddish glandular dots; spores elliptic, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .0002~-.00024 broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem I-1.5 inches long, 3-4 lines thick. Open places. Warren county. September. Rare. In the fresh plant the lower part of the stem appears to be coated with tomentum smeared with gluten, but in the dried plant the gluten assumes an orange-yellow or bright straw color and the tomentum disappears. The species differs from H. laurae Morg. in its white pileus, persistently white lamellae, reddish dots at the top of the stem and in the tomentum of the lower part of the stem. Agaricus glutinosus Bull., in its transfer to the genus Hygrophorus to which it belongs, was consigned to synonymy, therefore according to the rule ‘‘ once a synonym always a synonym ” it becomes neces- sary to change the name Hygrophorus glutinosus Pk. This has been done by substituting for it the name Hygro- 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM phorus rubropunctus which has reference to the red dots at the top of the stem. Hygrophorus flavodiscus Frost YELLOW DISKED HYGROPHORUS State Mus. Rep’t 35. 1884. p. 134; State Mus. Mem. 3, p. 145, pl. 50, fig. 1-6. Pileus fleshy, convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous, white, pale yellow or reddish yellow in the center, flesh white; lamellae adnate or decurrent, subdistant, white, sometimes with a slight flesh-colored tint ; stem nearly equal, solid, very viscid or glu- tinous, white at the top, white or yellowish below; spores elliptic, .00025-.0003 of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad. Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem 1-3 inches long, 3-6 lines thick. Pine woods. Albany county. October. Rare. Edibles iia is an excellent edible species, tender and agreeable in flavor. It is well to strip off the viscid pellicle with its adhering dirt and leaves before cooking. The species differs but slightly except in color from H. fuligineus Frost with which it sometimes grows. Hygrophorus capreolarius Kalchb. CAPREOEAR TAY GROPHORUs Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, sub- viscid but soon dry, virgate with innate darker fibrils and punctate squamulose in the center, purplish red, flesh reddish; lamellae nar- rowed toward each end, distant, adnate or decurrent, purplish with a slight cinnamon tint; stem nearly equal, solid, striate or reticulate with obscure fibrils, purplish brown; spores .00024—.0003 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem 1-3 inches long, 3-6 lines thick. Gregarious or cespitose. Woods, mostly under coniferous trees. Essex county. September. This was published by Kalchbrenner as a variety of H. eru- bescens Fr. but in the Sylloge it is given as a distinct species and most mycologists recognize it as such at the present time. The spore dimensions given above are from spores of our American specimens. Hygrophorus purpurascens (A. & S.) Fr. PURPLISH *HYGROPHORUS Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane, slightly viscid, soon dry, whitish, variegated in the center with purplish red spots or appressed REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 il — squamules; lamellae subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, whit- ‘ish; stem equal, solid, white, roughened by purplish squamules, sometimes with slight traces of a veil near the top; spores .00024 of an inch long, .00016 broad. Pileus 1.5-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-6 lines thick. Gregarious, under pine trees. Albany county. October. Very rare. Found but once. Our specimens differ slightly from the typical form, the pileus being fibrillose rather than squamulose and the lamellae are whitish, not purplish. There is a partial webby veil which forms a slight but mostly evanescent annulus. This Species and Hi. capreolarius are less viscid.-than the other members of this subgenus here described. The spore dimensions are from American specimens. Hygrophorus pudorinus Fr. SDE SUNG EYGROPHORUS State Mus. Bul. 67, p. 41, pl. 83, sig." £6. Pileus fleshy, firm, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous, viscid when moist, pinkish buff or pale flesh color, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae distant, adnate or decurrent, white; stem equal or pointed at the base, solid, white or whitish, with white points at the top; spores elliptic, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .o0016—.0002 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-5 inches long, 6—I1o lines thick. Gregarious or cespitose. Commonly under spruce or balsam fir trees. Essex county. September. Edible. This is a beautiful species, generally free from the attacks of insect larvae, attractive in appearance and of excellent flavor. It is a first-class edible mush- room. The plant referred to Hygrophorus queletii Bres. in State Museum Report 42, page 23 is now believed to be only a form of this species and it is therefore omitted. Hygrophorus speciosus Pk. SHOW HYGROPEO@R Us State Mus. Rep’t 29, 1878; p. 43, pl. 2, fig. 1-5. State Mus. Mem. 3, p. 148, plo 51, ee 21.28, Pileus ovate or subconic becoming broadly convex or nearly plane, often with a small blunt or acute umbo, glabrous, very viscid or glutinous, bright red or scarlet when young, or red in the center, yellow on the margin, sometimes fading and becoming wholly yellow, flesh white, pale yellow under the separable pellicle; lamellae dis- 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tant, decurrent, white or slightly tinged with yellow; stem rather long, nearly equal, solid, viscid, sometimes slightly fibrillose, whitish or yellowish; spores elliptic, .0003 of an inch long, .ooo2 broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 2-4 inches long, 2-4 lines thick. Gregarious. Under or near tamarack trees. Albany, Essex and Warren counties. September and October. Edible. This is a beautiful mushroom but its bright colors fade with age and in drying. The bright red or scarlet usually persists longest in the center. Sometimes the umbo alone remains red. The species is closely related to the European H. aureus Arrh. from which it differs in its place of growth, its solid stem, the absence of any tawny hues and of any vestiges of an annulus. H. bresadolae Quel. and H.lucorum Kalchb. are also closely related European species from which our plant differs in its solid stem and the ab- sence of any annulus. No red color is attributed in the descriptions, to either of the three species mentioned, but H. aureus is some- times figured with a red center to the pileus. Hygrophorus subviolaceus Pk. VIOLED Td YViGROPMORUS State Mus. Rep’t 53. 1800: p..842, pl Gigs tis Pileus firm, hemispheric, becoming convex, glabrous, viscid, viola- ceous when fresh and moist, paler or grayish when dry, flesh white; lamellae arcuate, decurrent, distant, pale violaceous; stem equal or tapering downward, solid, glabrous, white; spores subglobose or broadly elliptic, .00024—-.0003 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. Pileus I-1.5 inches broad; stem, I-1.5 inches long, 2-4 lines thick. Damp mucky ground in swamps. Meadowdale, Albany co. October. This species has been found but once. It is evidently very rare. In drying the specimens become blackish or brown. It is related to H. lacmus Fr. but differs from it in its solid stem, in the color of the lamellae and in having no papilla or umbo on the pileus. Hygrophorus fuligineus Frost SOOTY HYGROPHORUS State Mus. Mem. 3, p. 146, pl. 50, fig. 7-12. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, very viscid or glutinous, grayish brown or fuliginous, often darker or almost black in the center; lameilae subdistant, adnate or decurrent, white; stem REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 53 equal, solid, viscid or glutinous, white or whitish; spores elliptic, .0003—.00035 of an inch long, .o002 broad. Pileus 1-4 inches broad; stem 2-4 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Pine woods. Albany county. October and November. Edible. Often growing in company with H. flavodiscus and equally esteemed as.an edible mushroom. Both occur late in the season. The stem is sometimes brownish at the base. Hygrophorus limacinus (Scop.) Fr. SIEIMY HY GROPP ELORIUS Pileus fleshy, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous, viscid, brownish or smoky brown in the center, paler on the margin; lamellae rather thin, subdistant, adnate or decurrent, grayish white; stem equal, firm, solid, viscid, fibrillose striate, squamulose at the. top, colored like the pileus toward the base, paler above; spores .0005 of an inch long, .0003 broad. Pileus 1.5-2.5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines thick. Grassy places. Rensselaer county. September. Rare. Found but once. Hygrophorus fuscoalbus (Lasch.) Fr. GRAYISH BROWN HYGROPHORUS Pileus convex becoming plane, even, glabrous, viscose, brownish becoming cinereous, paler on the margin; lamellae rather thick, broad, subdistant, adnate or decurrent, white; stem equal, solid, dry, white floccose at the top, whitish or brownish; spores .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. ; Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 1.5-3 lines thick. Woods. Essex county. September. Rare. The typical form of this species is-said to have a subannular floccose veil, a character which is not shown by our specimens. European authors do not agree in the dimensions ascribed to the spores of this species. In our specimens the dimensions of the spores agree with those given in Sylloge. Hygrophorus hypothejus Fr. SULFUR SINT EDA EYGROPHORUS Pileus fleshy but thin, convex becoming plane or centrally de- pressed, even, virgate, glutinous, variable in color, grayish olive, yellowish olive or brownish, paler after the gluten disappears, flesh 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM thin with a slight yellow tinge; lamellae distant, decurrent, yellow, or whitish becoming yellowish; stem equal, stuffed or hollow, viscid, paler than the pileus, the partial floccose veil imperfectly annular, soon disappearing ; spores .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .oo016—.0002 broad. Pileus I~2 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Woods. Essex county.’ September. Rare. This species may be distinguished from its nearest relatives by its yellowish lamellae. It is more common southward where it occurs late in the season, growing specially in pine woods. Hygrophorus lividoalbus Fr. LIV 1D WE ES Livi RO RE ORIUS Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, often irregular or wavy, even, glabrous, viscid, pallid or livid, naked on the margin; lamellae dis- tant, adnate or slightly decurrent, white ; stem slender, nearly equal, glabrous, stuffed, more or less flexuous, whitish; spores subglobose, .00024—.0003 of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1.5-2.5 inches long, 2~3 lines thick. Woods. Onondaga and Ulster counties. September. Rare. Our specimens do not fully agree with the description of the species in respect to the spore character which is given above, the European plant having larger and more elliptic spores. Further observation may show them to be closely related but distinct species. 2 Camarophyllus Fr. Veil none; pileus firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, not vis- cose; lamellae distant, arcuate; stem even, glabrous or fibrillose, not punctate scabrous. The absence of a viscid pileus and of a hollow stem are decisive characters of the subgenus. In wet weather the pileisyae only moist, not viscid. The stem is usually solid or stuffed. Ina single species, Hygrophorus peckianus Howe, it some- times becomes hollow. KEY TO THE SPECIES Pileus white or whitish. )00 0.3 24s cogs as ook ee Cee eR I Pileus brown, grayish brown of blackish browmds..os.0. ee ase eee 3 Pileus neither white, nor. brown jo. oe a ee se 6 1 Pileus:.more than’ 1 °imeh, Drodadssee 05.0) en ee eee virgineus ry Pileus usually less than © inchy broad: =... a2 eee 2 2 Stem 1-2: Times thick, . SoA) ee oe ee borealis REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 55 Peotonummoke tham 12 lines Cthiiclame wets visi sce s vie an ls. ees pratensis tecucmessetitam 0 ich) broad te eei Meo a as oc ne So dae a peckianus Meter one than 1 inch broad. oestrone eles, As LP IGRISS GAB) 0s 0 USI MNe aame eee aarere hoy oe Ce oes «Sac Sen a ee a 5 FP CMioein@ts. SLA DTOUS: « . /2), ON TNO) AMEND, SHENCIIES Pileus changing color with age or in drying. se... eee I Pileus persistently white or whitish, ......- 20.64. eee oe eee 7 1 Pileus becoming smoky brown, grayish brown or blackish..............- 2 I Pileus becoming pale tawny or rusty ochfaceous:..... 22.2 eee eee 6 2 Pileus viscid. when “moist. 26) 6.2080 os Se ee ee a 2 Piletas drys oss Pe ERR Es es eo I ree ee 4 3 Lamellae and flesh slowly becoming reddish where wounded..... nigricans 3 Lamellae and flesh not becoming reddish where wounded...... subsordida 4 Flesh slowly becoming reddish where wounded............% densifolia 4 Flesh, not becoming reddish where wounded. ....).22-...s50s eee 5 '5 Flesh becoming black or blackish where wounded.............2.55 sordida 5 Flesh not chaneime colon wihtere swoumded: st ee adusta 6 Pilens viscid wien moisin OdoOLolse ai erie eee magnifica 6 Pileus -dtyinodorots, whiten cineshia a. eee compacta 7-Lamellae persistently awhite........-- ode ee ee ee delica 7 Lamellae becoming, subferrusinous i dryness eee eee brevipes Russula nigricans (Bull.) Fr. BLACKISH RUSSULA Pileus thick, firm, at first convex and umbilicate with the margin incurved, becoming expanded and centrally depressed, at first white or white clouded with smoky brown, slightly viscid, becoming black- ish or blackish brown, flesh white, first slowly changing to a reddish hue when cut or broken then becoming blackish, taste mild; lamellae broad, subdistant, slightly rounded behind, adnexed, white becoming REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 69 blackish with age or in drying; stem short, solid, white becoming dingy or smoky brown with age; spores subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 3—5 inches broad; stem 1-2.5 inches long, 6-12 lines thick. Woods and clearings. July and August. Edible. The dark color of the cooked mushroom gives it an unattractive appearance but its flavor is excellent. This and the following species of which the pileus becomes smoky brown or blackish brown are apt to be infested by the larvae of insects even when quite young. The injury done by them to the flesh causes it to become blackish. Russula subsordida Pk. SUBSORDID RUSSULA State Mus. Bul. 105. D. 40, pl OO; Me. ik —5 Pileus firm, convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, glabrous, viscid when young or moist, whitish becoming smoky brown with age, sometimes with an olive-green tint, flesh grayish white, slowly changing to smoky browrr when cut or broken, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae thin, close, adnate, whitish becoming black or blackish with age or in drying; stem short, glabrous, solid becoming spongy within and sometimes cavernous, white becoming smoky brown with age or where wounded; spores globose, .o003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-5 inches broad; stem I—1.5 inches long, 6—12 lines thick. Woods. Warren county. July. Rare. Edible. Easily distinguished from R. sordida by its viscid pileus. Horicon, Warren co. yet remains the only locality known for this species. Russula sordida Pk. SORDID! RUSSULA State Mus. Bul. 105. 1906. p. 39, pl. 98, fig. 1-5. Pileus convex becoming centrally depressed, dry, glabrous, dingy white becoming smoky brown with age, flesh grayish white, chang- ing to blackish brown or bluish black where cut or broken, taste mild or tardily acrid ; lamellae close, unequal, adnate or slightly decurrent, sometimes forked, white changing to black or blackish brown with age or in drying; stem short, firm, equal, solid, colored like the pileus; spores globose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 3-6 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 6—12 lines thick. 70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Under hemlock trees. Common in~ hemlock regions. July. Edible. From R. subsordida it may be separated by its dry pileus, its more clear white lamellae and by the wounds of the flesh more quickly assuming a blackish color. From R. nigricans and R. densifolia both this and the preceding species may be sepa- rated by the absence of reddish hues in the change of color assumed by wounds. Russula densifolia Secr. DENSE GILLED RUSSUEA Pileus convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, even, glabrous, whitish becoming gray or sooty brown, sometimes darker in the center, flesh white, slowly changing to reddish and then blackish where wounded, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, adnate or decurrent, white, sometimes tinged with red; stem cylindric, even, solid, slightly pruinose, whitish becoming grayish brown or blackish; spores globose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 5-9 lines thick. Woods. Suffolk county and Adirondack mountains. July and August. Related to R. adusta Fr. from which it is distinguished by wounds of the flesh assuming a reddish color. From R. nigricans Fr. it may be separated by its lamellae being adnate or slightly decurrent and more crowded. Sometimes the lamellae, at their inner extremity, separate from the stem and flesh of the pileus and curve outward and upward. This form appears to be slightly viscid when moist and may prove to be worthy of separation. It is R. densifolia paxilloides Pk. in State Musetm bulletmmiee 1904, page 20. ; Russula adusta (Pers.) Fr. SCORCHED RUS SUirA Pileus convex becoming centrally depressed or somewhat infundi- buliform, white or whitish becoming brownish or sooty gray, flesh white, not changing color where wounded, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, sometimes slightly rounded behind, white becoming dingy; stem solid, cylindric, colored like the pileus; spores subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .00024—.0003 broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 71 Woods. Albany and Warren counties. July to September. Rare. The notable characters of the species are its thin, close, adnate lamellae changing color but slightly with advancing age, its un- changeable flesh and its mild taste. The plant does not become blackish in drying as de the preceding species but assumes a smoky brown or grayish brown kue. It sometimes grows under pine needles which it pushes up enough to reveal its place of growth. Russula magnifica Pk. MAGNIFICENT RUSSULA SrapemlVddS Sl aO7) | TO02. p. 24h) plaINy ee Tal. Pileus convex and umbilicate becoming centrally depressed or infundibuliform, glabrous, viscid when young and moist, even or sometimes slightly rimose squamose in the center, whitish becoming pale rusty ochraceous, flesh white or whitish, odor and taste alkaline, strong and disagreeable; lamellae narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish with a faint pinkish tint, becoming reddish brown where wounded and a dark reddish brown or reddish cinnamon in drying; stem equal or tapering downward, solid becoming spongy or sometimes cavernous within, white or whitish; spores subglobose, even or nearly so, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .00025-.0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 4-10 inches broad; stem 2-5 inches long, 8-18 lines thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Suffolk county. August. Local. A limited locality near Port Jefferson is the only station known to me where this species has been found. It is the largest russula now to me and is related to R.. compacta Frost and R. brevipes-Pk. Russula compacta Frost COMPACT RUSSULA " State Mus. Rep’t 32. 1879. p.32; State Mus. Bul. 116. pl. 109, fig. 1-4. Pileus fleshy, compact, broadly convex, sometimes umbilicate be- coming centrally depressed or even infundibuliform by the upcurv- ing of the margin, dry or subviscid after heavy rain, unpolished, at first white or whitish, becoming rusty ochraceous, flesh white, taste mild or sometimes slightly and tardily acrid, odor in drying strong and disagreeable; lamellae rather close or subdistant, adnate or slightly rounded behind, unequal, occasionally forked, white, be- 72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM coming reddish brown where wounded and smoky brown in drying; stem short, stout, equal or nearly so, solid, white, but becoming stained with reddish brown in handling or where wounded, and sometimes changing color like the pileus; spores globose or sub- globose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .o003 broad. Pileus 3-6 inches broad; stem 1.5—2.5 inches long, 6-12 lines thick. Ground in woods. Essex, Onondaga, Rensselaer and Suffolk counties. July to September. Edible. Russula brevipes Pk. SHOR Site Mia Ss siOleA State Mus. Rept 43) 1800, ~Boti ed. p: 20, pli 2 ane Seer Pileus convex and umbilicate, becoming centrally depressed or infundibuliform, dry, glabrous or nearly so, white or whitish, often with yellowish or rusty yellow stains or patches in the center, flesh whitish, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae thin, close, adnate or decurrent, rarely slightly rounded behind, white becoming tinged with pale cinnamon or ferruginous in age or in drying; stem firm, solid, glabrous, white; spores globose, .0004—.0005 of an inch broad. ‘ Pileus 3-5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Woods and open places. Common. July to October. This species exhibits less change of color than any of the pre- ceding ones of this subgenus. The lamellae however change with age and in drying and because of this change, their close position, the unpolished and opaque character of the pileus and the slightly acrid taste I have separated it from R. delica, which it closely resembles and to which our plant was formerly referred. It has been ‘referred by Bresadola to R. chloroides (Krombh.) but I have never seen the pileus rimose areolate, nor the lamellae green- ish or glaucous as in that species. The lamellae of both this and the following species are sometimes adorned with watery drops in wet weather. In the type form the stem is very short, but when the plant grows among fallen leaves it is longer. Russula delica Fr. WEANED RUSSULA Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex and umbilicate, becoming in-_ fundibuliform, even, glabrous, shining, white, the margin involute REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 72 and without striations; lamellae thin, distant, decurrent, persistently white; stem short, even, glabrous, white; spores subglobose, .oo03— .0004 of an inch long, .00024~—.0003 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines thick. Woods. Saratoga county. Rare. The specimens referred to this species have the white color of the lamellae more persistent than in any of the preceding species and the lamellae are less crowded than in the short stem russula. Nevertheless they have a pale yellowish hue in the dried state and are scarcely as wide apart as the description of the species would indicate, but the disagreement is so slight that it is not sufficient cause for a separation of our plant. Furcatae Fr. Pileus compact, firm, evén on the thin margin, the thin pellicle closely adnate; lamellae unequal, some of them forked, commonly narrowed toward each end. -The thin but even margin with acute edge and the forked lamellae are the notable characters of this subgenus. The lamellae do not show decided changes in color with age or in drying, as in most species of the preceding subgenus. In some species the pellicle is separable on the margin. KYO LE Re SPEECHES Pileus green, olive-green or purple or these intermingled.............. I Pileus whitish tinged with yellow or reddish yellow......... basifurcata mearinelae meconine yellowish with age. ....:. <0. cs.. son see nes olivascens MetMellicwpersistently white. or whitish: ;. 0.05%. keees. 43 ds doce ens oo aes 2 SO MING em ASAIN ISLAMIC 2s is, cares 8. Wes lace si ere ewe oss furcata Pmleamelinenclose. many torkeéd...:. 02. Soc wee eotten cals sf cas wo oss variata Russula basifurcata Pk PATE CAPSRUS SWE State Mus. Rep’t 38. 1885. p. 90. Pileus firm, convex, umbilicate, becoming subinfundibuliform, gla- brous, slightly viscid when moist, the pellicle separable on the even margin only, dingy white, often tinged with yellow or red- dish yellow, flesh white, taste mild, then bitterish; lamellae close, narrowed toward the base, adnate or slightly emarginate, many of them forked at or near the base,, a few short ones intermingled, white becoming yellowish; stem firm, solid, becoming spongy 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM within, white; spores elliptic, pale yellow, .00035 of an inch long, .00025 Of an inch broad. . Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 8-12 lines long, 5-6 lines thick. Dry ground in woods and bushy places. Fulton and Essex coun- ties. July and August. Closely related to the next following species and like it somewhat related to the subgents Fragiles in some of its characters. Russula olivascens Fr. PALE OLIVAGCHEOUSPRUSSULRA Pileus convex or nearly plane, umbilicate, olivaceous or pale green, . © becoming yellowish in the center, even on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae narrowed toward the stem, close, slightly ad- nexed, nearly equal, rarely forked, white becoming yellowish; stem firm becoming spongy within, even, white; spores subglobose, yel- lowish, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4—8 lines thick. Woods. Suffolk county. August. This species differs from the preceding in the greenish color of the cap, the gills more equal and rarely forked, the absence of a bitterish flavor and in the more globose yellowish spores. Russula furcata (Pers.) Fr. FORKED, RUSS UIE Pileus convex becoming nearly plane, centrally depressed or in- fundibuliform, glabrous, the thin pellicle separable on the thin, even, acute margin, varying from pale yellowish green to dark brownish green, sometimes slightly tinged with purple, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thickish, subdistant, often forked, unequal, adnate or slightly decurrent, white; stem equal or nearly so, solid or spongy within, white; spores white, subglobose, .0003.—.00035 of an inch long, .00025-.0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Woods. Albany county. July. The European plant is said to have a mild taste becoming bitter- ish, and no purplish tints are attributed to the puleus. In our plant the bifurcations of the lamellae occur mostly near the inner and outer extremities. It is thus far limited to a single locality near Albany. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 75 Russula variata Banning VARITABER RUSSULA State Mus) Bulwaos) 160055 p41, plior, fig. 1-5 Pileus firm, convex becoming centrally depressed or subinfundi- buliform, viscid, even, the thin pellicle separable on the thin even margin, reddish purple or brownish purple, often variegated with green or wholly pea-green, flesh white, taste acrid or sometimes slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae thin, narrow, close, often forked, tapering toward each end, adnate or slightly decurrent, white; stem equal or nearly so, solid or sometimes cavernous, white; spores white, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .o003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5—-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Woods. Common and variable. July and August. Edible. Distinguished from the forked russula by its more forked narrow and closer lamellae and by its acrid flavor. This is destroyed by cooking. The pileus may be dark purple or pinkish purple either wholly or intermingled with pale green or it may be wholly pale erecta nk AeCTUusinascens Pk. [State Mus. Rep't 53, p. 843] is a form of this species with yellowish green pileus. Rigidae Fr. Pileus compact, firm, commonly dry, without a distinct viscid pellicle, the cuticle often cracking or breaking mto adnate scales or furfuraceous granular or mealy particles, the margin typically even, lamellae broader anteriorly causing the margin to appear obtuse. 1 The most notable character of the group is the dry surface of the pileus becoming squamose, granular, mealy pruinose or un- polished. The margin is commonly even as in the two preceding groups, but there are several exceptions to this. The lamellae are normally forked and unequal, but in a few instances they are nearly equal. een ih ean KEY LO THE SPECIES PLUTO E CAEN AEN eg SAE ISI Ty CP soe 5. 5-55 gee eA eR ee Ge ee I ileus Some: Other Colom eerm: sacs... pease d Na Wn pia ele Sa ne eR eaten rE ¥ 4 Heelan CHSMeY Clin Ciumtiled iar heen ee Mi eta. OL ciiw clad dd povk ys ae hee 2 1 Pileus. striate on the margin when mature.............. add oe, crustosa 2 WAS eA ag! Coe rety Rieder NS ee oi 5 SUS tae RIRC ONG 3 5) LD aun e res a ite ARN a ne ee = go alain viridella PeOtiuace On mae pileus SCalye Or wWuklyewncts. hc sos sadcsed eeu ass virescens 3 Surface of the pileus irregularly rimose on the margin.......... cutefracta 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 3 Surface of the pileus even, not rimose nor squamose............. modesta 4. Stem: yellow . 00365. 220 aie ae ee ee ee flavida 4 Stem not. yellow. 5.0005 seen ese ie CR ee ee eee 5 5) Pilevisy priinose, neds one punplea: see ee PAS AE Me 9 es =k Sia oe mariae 5. Pileuse not pruinosese. Secs... me ee eee le ena 6 6 Pileus ‘striate one tire smarcin willie maine see eee crustosa 6 Pileusevenonfthe margin. hbo candace Fi. 7 Surtace sof ithe pileus\ polished, taste vacnidir. 5: ae lee rubra 7, Surface of the pileus not polished; taste not actids.. ... 55.-s4 eee 8 8 Surface of the pileus even, dark ced or purplishred. =. -o eee 9 8 Surface of the pileus often rimose areolate, color variable...... lepida 9 Young lamellae white, changing color where wounded............ squalida 9 Young lamellae yellow, not changing color where wounded....ochrophylla Russula viridella Pk. PALE GREEN RUSSULA State ius, Bull os.9) 1000s. pial, pls 100. oss: Pileus subglobose, hemispheric or very convex, becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, even on the margin, dry, soon minutely squamulose or furfuraceous, specially toward the margin, pale grayish green, generally smooth and paler or subochraceous in the center, flesh white, taste acrid; lamellae thin, narrow, close, some of them forked, a few short ones intermingled, white; stem equal or nearly so, even, solid or spongy within, white; spores white tinged with yellow, globose or subglobose, .00024—.0003, of an inch iong, nearly as broad, cystidia subfusiform, .0025-.003 of an inch long, .0006 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Under hemlock trees. Horicon, Warren co. July. Edible. It has yet been found in no other locality so far as we know. The acridity is destroyed by cooking. Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. GREENISH RUSSULEA State Mus. Rep’t 48. Bot. ed. p. 189, pl. 31, fig. 1-8. Pileus fleshy, at first nearly globose, soon convex or nearly plane often becoming centrally depressed, dry, adorned with small floccu- lent patches or warts, the margin even, green or grayish green, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae moderately close, narrowed toward the stem, free or nearly so, a few of them forked and a few shorter ones sometimes intermingled, white; stem short, firm, white; spores subglobose, white, .00024—.0003 of an inch long. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 Fi) Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem I-2 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Thin woods and in grassy open places. Not rare. July and August. Edible. The margin of the pileus is usually even but occasionally in old specimens it may be partly striate. Russula cutefracta Cke. BROKEN SKIING RUSSULA Pileus convex becoming centrally depressed, dry, even on the mar- gin, the cuticle cracking somewhat radiately but irregularly on the margin, color variable, green, red or purple, flesh white, purplish under the cuticle, taste mild; lamellae narrowed toward the base, somewhat close, some forked, adnexed or nearly free, white; stem solid, firm, nearly equal, whitish or tinged with purple; spores glo- bose, .0004 of an inch broad. Pileus 3-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Woods and their borders. Albany county. October. I have admitted this species on the strength of a single specimen which agrees very closely with Cooke’s figure 1040, illustrating the form with green pileus. Still it differs in having the flesh white instead of pinkish under the cuticle. It must be an extremely rare species with us. Russula crustosa Pk. CRUSUOSH RUSSULA State Mus. Bul. 67. 1903. p. 45, pl. 84, fig. I-7. Pileus convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, marked with small appressed areolate scales except on the smooth mostly depressed and sometimes subviscid disk, striate on the mar- gin when mature, color variable, stramineous, pale ochraceous, brownish ochraceous, greenish or greenish yellow, rarely brownish purple, the center sometimes paler, sometimes darker than the mar- gin, flesh white, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae moderately close, narrowed toward the stem, some of them forked, sgme short, white ; stem short, stout, equal, stuffed or hollow, white; spores subglobose, white, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .00025—.0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 3—5 inches broad; stem 1-2.5 inches long, 6-12 lines thick. Woods and open places. Common. July and August. Edible. The striate margin separates this species from all the others ir this subgenus. In this it is nearly always present in the mature 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM plants, in some of the other species it may sometimes appear but it is exceptional. This character militates against the character of the subgenus and connects with the next following one. Sometimes the cuticle cracks on the margin very much as in R. cutefracta but the paler and different colors of the pileus, the white flesh beneath the cuticle and the striate margin easily prevent any con- fusion of these species. The scales of the pileus often appear as if formed from the breaking up of a crustose cuticle. ‘This sometimes has a grayish appearance. Russula modesta n. sp. MODEST RUSSULA Pileus firm but thin and flexible, broadly convex, becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, dry, pruinose, even or obscurely striate on the margin, greenish gray, paler on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, many forked at the base, a few short ones, narrowed toward each end, adnate or slightly decurrent, white be- coming yellowish, the interspaces venose ; stem short, cylindric, solid, glabrous, white; spores subglobose, pale yellowish, .00025~.0003 of an inch long, nearly as broad. Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem I-1.5 inches long, 3—5 lines thick. Woods. Albany county. July. This species differs from its allies in the pruinose appearance of the surface of the pileus. Under a lens, this is seen to be due to a minute whitish tomentose pubescence. A form of this species with the pileus more distinctly green has been received from Miss T. L. Smith who collected it under oak trees and reports it to be edible. Russula flavida Frost VEELOW SEG RUS sili State- Mus: Bul) fo5% (1000. Dp. gos, ple O7. eee oO: Pileus firm, convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, dry, frequently sprinkled with minute mealy yellowish particles, specially on the margin, pale yellow, sometimes brighter yellow or orange in the center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae rather thick, moderately close, entire or nearly so, adnate, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, sometimes becoming spongy within, occasionally cavernous, colored like the pileus or a little paler, some- times brighter at the base; spores yellowish, subglobose, .0003 of an inch long, nearly as broad. r REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 79 Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Woods and bushy places. Rensselaer, Suffolk and Warren coun- Hess july and August. Edible. The margin of the pileus in old plants sometimes becomes striate and occasionally fades to white. The species is easily recognized by having both stem and pileus yellow and the intervening lamellae white. Russula lepida Fr. SC ALY VR) Sse Pileus firm, compact, convex becoming nearly plane, dry, un- polished, often rimose areolate in part, even on the margin, variable in color, red, bright red, red in the center with yellowish margin or wholly yellow, flesh white, taste mild becoming somewhat acrid or disagreeable ; lamellae close, narrowed toward the stem, rounded behind or slightly decurrent, some forked at the base, a few short ones intermingled, white becoming yellowish; stem equal or nearly so, solid, white or whitish, sometimes reddish; spores globose, yel- lowish, .0003-.0004 of an inch in diameter. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem I-2.5 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Woods. Albany and Suffolk counties. July ae August. Not common. peepee The description here given applies to the American ae anidh differs slightly in color from the European. The disk in that species is said in Sylloge to always become whitish, a character not yet observed in our plant. In this the disk sometimes is red while the margin is yellow. The lamellae also, in drying, usually assume a subochraceous or pale cinnamon hue, which character is not at- tributed to the European plant. The edge of the lamellae is some- times red near the margin of the pileus. The European plant is said to have the stem almost always stained or spotted with red. In ours it is more often white. Russula rubra Fr. RED RUSSULA Pileus fleshy, hard, rigid, convex becoming nearly plane or cen- trally depressed, dry, polished, even on the obtuse sometimes wavy margin, very red, almost shining, often darker in the center, flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, taste acrid; lamellae rather close, adnate, broad, unequal, some of them forked, white becoming yel- lowish with age; stem hard, solid, white or red; spores white, glo- bose or subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long. 80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Woods. Albany, Madison, Rensselaer and Suffolk counties. July and August. Distinguished from other members of this subgenus by its smooth polished pileus and its very acrid taste. Var. sapida Cke. (R. atropurpurea Krombh.) is said to be mild 1n flavoreone otherwise like the species. I have not seen it. Russula squalida nom. nov. SOUAEID VRUSSUIEN Russula atropurpurea Pk State Mus: Rept 41. 1e8cmpae Pileus convex becoming centrally depressed, glabrous, dark pur- ple, often blackish in the center, even or slightly striate on the mar- gin when old, flesh white, grayish or grayish purple under the cuticle, taste mild, odor in drying fetid; lamellae subdistant, a few forked at the base, occasionally a short one intervening, white De- coming yellowish, brownish where wounded; stem equal, glabrous, solid or spongy within, white, brownish where bruised; spores pale ochraceous with a salmon tint, subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, nearly as broad. Pileus 3-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Margin of woods. Saratoga county. July. In the dried state this russula has a peculiar dingy and un- attractive appearance. It is very distinct in the unusual color of the spores and the brownish hue assumed where wounded. Agar- icus atropurpurea Krombh. being a species of Russula, it becomes necessary to give a new name to the plant to which this specific name was formerly applied by me. Russula ochrophylla Pk. OCHERY GIEEED RUSSUEA State Mus. Rep’t 50. 1897. p. 100; State Mus. Mem. 3. Igo00. p. rso, pl. 54, @ fie. 8-14. Pileus firm, convex becoming nearly plane and umbilicate or centrally depressed, dry, unpolished, even on the margin, dark red or purplish red, often a little darker in the center, flesh white, red under the adnate cuticle, taste mild; lamellae subdistant, adnate, nearly entire, a few forked at the base, yellowish becoming bright ochraceous buff, dusted by the spores, the interspaces somewhat venose; stem equal or nearly so, solid or spongy within, reddish REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 81 but paler than the pileus; spores bright ochraceous buff, globose, .0004 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5-2.5 inches long, 6-10 lines thick. Ground under oak trees. Albany county. July. Rare. Edible. Mere is a vat. albipes PK. in‘which the pileus is deeper red and the stem white. If this mushroom is stewed in milk or cream without peeling, it imparts a pinkish purple hue to the liquid. Russula mariae Pk. MARY RUSSULA Srateewins, Rept 24. 1872. p. 74: State Mus. Bul. 75. 1004. p20; pl. 85; inten ieee Pileus nearly hemispheric becoming broadly convex, plane or cen- trally depressed, dry, pruinose or minutely pulverulent, dark crim- son or purplish, sometimes darker in the center than on the margin, rarely striate on the margin when old, flesh white, pinkish under the cuticle, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae rather close, adnate, white becoming yellowish with age; stem equal, solid or slightly spongy within, colored like or a little paler than the pileus, usually white at each end, rarely entirely white; spores pale yellow, globose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 1~3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. In woods and in open places. Common. July and August. Edible. This species is easily distinguished by its pruinose or minutely eranular cap. When moistened and rubbed on white paper it com- municates reddish stains to it. A few of the lamellae are forked at the base. The pileus sometimes fades with age, specially in purplish specimens, and on the margin. Such specimens resemble Russula depallens (Pers.) Fr. as shown in Cooke’s figure 1021. Russula lactea (Pers.) Fr. is omitted; the specimens re- femednto i belons to Russula alive lla Pk Heterophyllae Fr. Pileus fleshy, firm, with a thin viscid adnate pellicle and a thin, usually striate margin; lamellae unequal, some of them forked; stem stout, solid, spongy within. The viscid pileus and striate margin separate this tribe from the preceding one; the firm pileus, adnate pellicle and unequal lamellae 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM separate it from the following one. Fries included in it a few species with the margin of the pileus even or obscurely striate. IRD ANNO) AN BUD, SSIPIBICIaS) Pileus even or but slightly striate omy the mareoins...9......0ee eee I Pileus distinctly striate (on) tie milaGeiiniys eu renee eee eee 4 Te Waster dit ce eels yes eho eee Pe ae re rE Ss ois 2 r Paste “acridsy wee ee eR ae ce ee consobrina 2 Iuamielllae distant foi) Sosa ike ecole cn een Ge an eee eee earlei 2 Vatmellae > closes). iie Poe ec ak shake Coaltinaes ele na 3 2 lcamellae broad, Goundedmhelmnd yew intone ee ae eee . .cyanoxantha 3 Iuamellae father narrow, winitislt a) ssc se ee eee eee vesca 4-Pileus- brown Or sprOwAtistinges wee ae in encuentra sororia 4 Pileus yellowish, reddish yellow. or subochraceous:.2. 25... 5. eee 5 5 Pileus roughened with) eranulest ips. we a ee ee eee granulata 5 Piles: Smithy sic os a so ois eeaek wikes eee ee eet ee a te 6 6 Pilens stramineous som Ssubochraccouss .-- eee eee foetens 6 Pileus, ‘reddishr= yellow. oe sae cere ee ee foetentula Russula vesca Fr. IDIDIHIEIB, IIUISSIGIO AN Pileus fleshy, rather firm, nearly plane or centrally depressed, viscid, venosely rugulose or radiately wrinkled with a spreading, even margin, reddish or flesh color, darker in the center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, adnate, unequal, whitish; stem solid, compact, rigid, white; spores globose, white, .0003-.0004 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Woods. Warren county. August. Rare. The species may easily be recognized by the minutely radiately wrinkled or rugulose character of the upper surface of the pileus. The wrinkles or veins commonly radiate toward the margin but they often anastomose in a reticulate manner. In the typical form the pileus is pinkish or red flesh color. In our specimens it is mostly greenish, but darker or blackish green in the center where it is also in some specimens varied with reddish or brownish red hues. The European piant is edible as indicated by the name. I have not tested our plant. Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. YELLOWISH BLUE RUSSO Pileus compact, convex becoming centrally depressed or subin- fundibuliform, viscose, variable in color, even on the margin or REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 83 sometimes becoming slightly striate, purplish, lilac or olive-green, commonly becoming paler or yellowish in the center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae broad, moderately close, rounded behind, pure white ; stem spongy within, even, glabrous, white *spores subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long’, .00024—.0003 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Woods. Albany and Washington counties. July. Not common. The pileus is sometimes bluish on the margin and yellowish in the center, a character suggestive of the specific name, but not rep- resented in any of our specimens. The flesh is sometimes reddish under the cuticle. The stem may become hollow in old specimens. Russula earlei Pk. BARES RUSSULEA State Mus. Bul-/67. “1903, p., 24, pl: -N; fig: 5-ro0. Pileus fleshy, firm, hemispheric becoming broadly convex or nearly plane, sometimes centrally depressed, glabrous, very viscid, the margin even, stramineous becoming paler with age, flesh whitish or yellowish, taste mild; lamellae thick, distant, adnate, a few short, whitish becoming yellowish; stem short, firm, equal or nearly so, solid, becoming spongy within, white; spores white, subglobose, .0002-.00024 of an inch long. Pileus 1.5-2.5 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Suffolk county. August. This species is well marked by its pale and glutinous pileus, its distant lamellae and its small spores. Russula consobrina Fr. COUSIN RUSSULA Pileus fleshy, convex or subhemispheric becoming centrally de- pressed, viscid, even on the membranaceous: margin, gray, olive- brown or umber, flesh white, ashy gray under the pellicle, taste acrid; lamellae close, adnate, many forked and many short, white; stem firm, equal, spongy within, white becoming dingy or cinereous with age; spores white, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, nearly as broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1-3 inches long, 4-10 lines thick. In woods. Otsego county. July. Rare. R4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Some of our specimens differ from the description in having a yellowish brown pileus. Russula sororia Fr. SHESMEIBRS JRIOIS SUNIL Ek Pileus convex becoming nearly plane, viscid when moist, striate on the thin margin, gray, grayish brown, olive-brown or yellowish brown, often darker in the center, flesh whitish, taste acrid; lamellae narrow, subdistant, adnate, many of them short, rarely forked, whitish or pallid, the interspaces venose; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, white; spores globose, white, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem I—2 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Woods and groves. Albany and Suffolk counties. July to Sep- tember. . Similar in color and character to R» coms ob 171 imagem which it 1s thought by some to be a variety, but it is easily dis- tinguished by its distinctly striate margin. R. pectinatoides Pk. resembles this in color but it may be distinguished from it by its mild or tardily and slightly acrid taste and its nearly equal lamellae. A form with the pileus darker brown, flesh cinereous under the cuticle and stem becoming cinereous was found under chestnut trees near Gansevoort, Saratoga co, It is referable to R. cons @ Baume Lage Sigal GCL (Cle. Russula granulata Pk. GRAN TIE ATED RWS sO State Mus. Rep’t 53. 1900. p. 843. Pileus convex becoming nearly plane or centrally depressed, vis- cid when moist, rough with minute granules or squamules, tubercu- late striate on the margin, dingy ochraceous or dingy yellow, tinged with red or brown, flesh white or whitish, taste acrid; lamellae thin, close, adnate, many forked at the base; stem equal or abruptly con- tracted at the top, glabrous, spongy within, whitish; spores white. subglobose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem I—1.5 inches long, 6—8 lines thick. Woods. Ulster and Hamilton counties. August. In State Museum Report 39, page 57 this was regarded as a variety of R. foetens Fr. from which it differs in its granular pileus, its closer and more narrow lamellae and in the absence of . REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1900 85 oqo From KR. granulosa Cke. it may be separated by its glabrous stem, smaller spores and adnate lamellae. R. granu- lata lepiotoides Atk. is a variety having the surface of the pileus rimose squamose. Russula foetens (Pers.) Fr. BED R SSA Pileus fleshy, fragile, subglobose or convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, widely tuberculose sulcate or striate on the very thin margin, yellowish or dingy ochraceous, flesh pallid, taste acrid, odor strong, amygdaline; lamellae rather close, adnexed, unequal, some of them forked, whitish and often studded with drops of moisture when young, becoming yellowish with age, dingy where bruised, interspaces venose; stem short, stout, stuffed becoming irregularly hollow, white or whitish; spores white, subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 3-5 inches broad; stem 1.5—2.5 inches long, 6-12 lines thick. Woods and bushy places. Common. July to September. Readily recognized by its peculiar odor, acrid taste and widely striate margin. Gregarious in habit and somewhat variable in color. Russula foetentula n. sp. SIEM SANNA ES AMUD IOS SUP Ly. Pileus thin, nearly plane, viscid, glabrous, striate on the margin, reddish yellow, flesh white, taste tardily acrid, odor like that of almonds; lamellae thin, narrow, close, adnexed or nearly free, whitish, the interspaces venose; stem equal, firm, cavernous, white or yellowish white, usually spotted or stained with reddish brown at the base; spores very pale yellow, globose, .0003—.00035 of an inch broad. Pileus 1.5--3 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Suffolk county. August. fit species is related tok foeten s Fr., to which it is similar in odor but from which it differs in its closer lamellae and reddish brown or burnt sienna color at the base of the stem. The specimens reported in State Museum Report 35, page 135 under the name Russula heterophylla Fr. are doubtful and the species is therefore omitted. 86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fragiles Fr. Pileus fragile, covered with a thin separable or subseparable pel- licle, viscid when moist, thin on the margin which is commonly striate or tuberculose striate in the mature plant; lamellae equal or nearly so, broader anteriorly; stem soft, spongy or hollow. The fragile character of the pileus, the viscid separable pellicle, - the thin and ultimately striate or tuberculose striate margin and the usually equal simple lamellae are the prominent distinguishing features of this subgenus. Its species outnumber those of any other subgenus of Russula. They may be divided into three groups de- pending on the color of the spores, which color is frequently indi- cated by the color of the mature lamellae. There are some excep- tional or anomalous cases in which all the characters attributed to this tribe are not shown by species included in it. In some species the pileus is not viscid or the margin is not striate or the pellicle may be separable on the margin but not on the disk. The tubercu- lose character of the marginal striations is apparently due to the venose interspaces. 1K DN'S “ANO) AMEND, SZ) dS: Spores white or whitishs. 06.0 Snes se ee eee I Spores. pale. yellow or (cttrines; 25s. 5226. se ee ee IO Spores. ochraceous: 2! f. i. sake elec elsicke sole ceneie oie ol ener 20 r Poeus red or reddish; ..... 0. cn escent ost te ee eee eee eee eee 2 1 Pileus ochraceous or yellowish browm.<..:2.-e. = sse2 >. ee eee eee 7 1 Pileus white or ‘whitish.(o. (i.e) 300 = Pence ek se eee 8 @ "Taste, acrid’ oct aes a cise a tie soe oe oe Oi ne Sie ne oer 3 2 Taste ‘mild. so. 5 0 itse os atk ea Slee sete eee eee ee 6 3 Pileus. €ven.. x5 85 au 5 Seo Bele oR leeln store teeet cee Lee Sette 4 3. Pileus: rugulose: «25.3.5. naneh F otece ee ie ie eee re ca ae ee rugulosa 4 Pileus darker colored in the center........ Yaak oe yeah ee eee fallax 4 Pileus;-typically unitormly colored. .:2.2...-... 28 eee ee 5 5 Lamellae rounded behind, subfree, subdistant...... 6s siete oie ne emetica s Lamellae,adnexed, close. 4. 2a) es (ee eee fragilis 6 Stem white: ortreddishs, .to5. oe eee ee eee ee uncialis 6 Stem. ‘red vor deep’ reds sain. ee ee ee eee purpurina 7 Stem wihtte yoo. soils ain ch wane elec Seen eee pectinatoides 7 Stem pale ochraceous 2.82. ote es ee ee ee ee simillima 8 Taste acridvcce. cain doves Go oe eee eee ee ee anomala 8 Taste mild. 2c oc .e asc ce tte oan ees oc aie ls rece 2 ens a Semen 9 Q Piletis dry. wees Re eee oe oe ae Oe albella 9 Pileus. viscid... ccc Yon ode coedak oe 66 ce ee ee albida 10 Pileus red or some shade of red... .J.3.5.5 6. PSR oe eee II 10 Pileus some. other colors. ik :..252.) See oe ee eee 17 EX Taste acrid... oo eye cele s od cues bineieeiels aie late ete ie cee ee veternosa ix Taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid(--.s.e pee eee ee eanks REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 87 ewamellac distant. ......2o.2ee ee Pe coon ss gis sor ea Bh integra TE, iL iranellie yer aCe RAN CRS fo. coes aS are ee aa 13 PP MeuommOne tian Lt imch broads wks ko se ee eka dle ea ae 8 ee cael 14 MemicemnCssthatl, | - inch, broddas aes «sacs wie avons Gases on ene pusilla Mmotemiranc mesin DeCOMMmG: CIMEKEOMUS: . 52 nie. cscs s delsle sod wees be es ie Mesrcniyand Hesh not becomine, CimereOus 205.2. .)...6 baba bees 16 Re emERCUe Ol ORAM” | ns miaees Mariel cers nae J ols wa Bb. lewd oe bi decolorans Peetlensn violaceous, purple or dark ged!) oJ 20)... 250. ee ne ee obscura hom srem white, often with reddish stains:,)../...::.2...:... palustris fomotenn. white with yellowish stains... .2..o.2... 0:2... 6¢- 005.5 puellaris maeeammeliae distant -........-.6 see. es Oe, tentials, ea Va a integra ema CIMT MNCS CH Sat M80) 6 ues aie Baldi s Sie Wo dae EE Madea ATG Gee 18 Pmomienets: yellow, even. on the: margin... 66... Seek esc coe eee wee lutea iomemetice yellow, striate on the margin... o.0c.. 4. seek abs be ene 19 Pomsientiw inte, DECOMING CINETEOUS.... 2.6.0. ewe nes eee ee dec dectus wee constans Mem MERSISteMtly Witte... 0c. ccelcc ss tcleeclet cc es ce ceeecuuteeslen flaviceps Porotem tinged. with red by minute red granules....:.......... roseipes PRctenm VOt Adorned with red eranules. 2. ye. a. cle eee du Se cele eeee ls 21 Bmeeiensnaistincily striateson the margin... ....6).6. 6. cee uae 22 Met oneesiediny Sitiate when Olds i.e so 0.) ss. b oe ei calned eae ee eh Satan 23 pemeatiellae. pale yellow wien mature: ...o0 6s ee ee eee abietina Pemieamciiae -OChraceous When Mature... 66...60. oe Ge ate ies turci Mmelaneesmiall lamellae very close... .... nee. ee ee ees chamaeleontina Pemriemaaree, lamellae Subdistamt. 0.0... 0.0.00 0. sence eae alutacea Russula emetica Fr. EMETIC RUSSULA Pileus fleshy, firm becoming fragile, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, glabrous, viscid when moist, striate sulcate on the margin, rosy or blood-red, sometimes white or fading to white, flesh white, reddish under the separable pellicle, taste very acrid; iamellae equal, broad, subdistant, rounded behind and free or nearly so, white; stem solid or spongy within, elastic when young, becoming fragile, even, white or tinged with red; spores white, globose, .0003-.0004 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5—3 inches long, 3-6 lines thick. Woods and swamps. Common. July to September. This russula has a very acrid or peppery taste and is generally considered poisonous by European mycologists, but deemed edible and harmless by some American mycophagists. Thorough cooking probably destroys its harmful properties. I have not tried it. 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Russula rugulosa Pk. RUGULOSE RUSSULA State Mus. Rep’t 54. 10901. p. 170, pl. 72, fig. 12-18. Pileus rather thin, fragile, convex becoming nearly plane or cen- trally depressed, viscid when moist, uneven with small tubercles and wrinkles, even on the margin when young, becoming tuberculose striate with age, the viscid pellicle separable on the margin, flesh white, reddish under the pellicle, taste acrid or tardily acrid; la- mellae moderately close, adnate or slightly rounded behind, white; stem nearly equal, spongy within, white; spores white, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Woods among mosses and fallen leaves. Franklin county. August and September. Edible. Most closely aliied to R. emetica Fr. from which it is dis- tinguished by its rugulose pileus and less acrid or tardily acrid taste. The slight acridity is dispelled in cooking and it affords a harmless, tender and agreeable food. From R. vesca Fr. it may-be dis- tinguished by its tardily acrid taste and its striate margin. Russula fallax (Schaeff.) Sacc. PALLTACIOUSaRUSSsUEA Pileus thin, fragile, convex or nearly or quite plane, viscid when moist, reddish with a darker center, flesh white, taste acrid; lamellae thin, adnexed, distant, whitish or pallid; stem slender, subequal, white ; spores white, subglobose, .0003 of an inch long. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3—5 lines thick. Moist places. Not rare. August. This ‘is R. emetica. var. tallax (Ckhe and Re git ase var. fallax Massee. We have followed Saccardo in recognizing its specific validity. In our specimens the lamellae appear to be less distant than in the typical form, but in other respects the agree-_ ment is good. Russula fragilis (Pers.) Fr. FRAGILE RUSSULA Pileus very thin and fragile, convex becoming plane or slightly depressed in the center, with a thin pellicle somewhat viscid when moist, sometimes umbonate, tuberculose striate on the margin, pol- ished, variable in color, typically pale red, sometimes fading to white, REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 89 flesh thin, white, not red under the separable pellicle, taste acrid; lamellae thin, close, adnexed, ventricose, sometimes slightly uneven or eroded on the edge, white; stem slender, spongy within or hollow, white; spores white, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Woods and swamps. Not rare in hilly and mountainous wooded districts. July and August. Deemave a ( Pers.) Cke. Whole plant white trom the ‘first: Rainbow, Franklin co. August. fiitewseecies is closely allied to RK. emetica Pr) irom which it may be separated by its smaller size, paler color, thinner flesh, white under the pellicle, and closer lamellae. Russula uncialis Pk. INGE WDE RUS SUIEA Simtemluswbuls 2) 1807.) p. 10; State Mus. Bul 116. pl. 107, fig. 7-12. Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, glabrous or very minutely granulose, red or pinkish red, obscurely tuberculose striate on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae moderately close, narrowed toward the stem near which a few of them are forked, adnate or slightly emarginate, white becoming pallid, the interspaces venose ; stem equal, glabrous, stuffed or spongy within, white or reddish; spores white globose, .0003—.00035 of an inch broad. Pileus 1-1.5 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long,: 2-4 lines thick. Woods. Rensselaer county. June and July. Rare. It is unusual to find a red capped, white spored species of this subgenus with a mild taste. This and the next following species are our only examples of this kind. Russula purpurina ©. & S. PIRI PONISI, IRONS SIU IN Pileus fleshy, fragile, subglobose becoming plane or slightly de- pressed in the center, sometimes cup-shaped by the upcurving of the margin, with a separable pellicle, acute and even or nearly so on the margin, deep red, flesh white, reddish under the pellicle, taste mild; lamellae moderately close, subequal, a little narrowed behind, white becoming yellowish with age or in drying; stem rather long, cylindric or sometimes slightly tapering above or below, stuffed or 90 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM spongy within, colored like the pileus or a little paler, sometimes whitish at the base; spores white, globose or subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1.5-3 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 4-6 lines thick. Woods. Adirondack region. August and September. The brilliant red color of the pileus and stem make this one of our most beautiful and attractive species of russula. The lamellae have a few short ones intermingled and the edge often appears floccose under a lens and red near the margin of the pileus. Pointed cystidia are numerous. Russula pectinatoides Pk. PE CTRN EINE RWS Siig PLATE 105, FIG. 6-10 Pileus thin, broadly convex becoming nearly plane or centrally de- pressed, viscid when moist, widely tuberculose striate on the margin, dingy straw color, brownish, yellowish brown or cinereous brown, sometimes darker in the center, flesh white, grayish white under the separable pellicle, taste mild or slightly and tardily acrid; lamellae thin, equal or with an occasional short one, some forked at the base, adnate, white becoming pallid; stem equal or nearly so, _ even, glabrous, spongy within, white; spores whitish, subglobose, .00025-—.0003 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-4 lines thick. Grassy ground in groves and woods. Albany and Suffolk counties. July and August. Specimens of this species were formerly reported as R. pecti- nata Fr. from which it seems best to separate them as they differ in their milder taste, the grayish color of the flesh under the cuticle, the adnate lamellae and the even stem. From R. sororia Fr. the species differs in its milder taste. In the character of the lamellae -it is related to that species and might with almost equal propriety be placed in the same subgenus with it. It is edible. Russula simillima Pk. VERY SIMECLAR RUSSULEA State Mus. Rept 240 1872.) pu 75: Pileus hemispheric or convex becoming plane or slightly de- pressed in the center, viscid when young or moist, striate on the REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 Yl margin when mature, pale ochraceous, sometimes more highly col- ored in the center, flesh white, taste acrid; lamellae nearly equal, some forked near the stem, broader anteriorly, yellowish; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, spongy within, rarely hollow, colored like the piles or a little paler; spores white, globose or nearly so, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 4-9 lines thick. Woods. Adirondack region. August and September. ieted to K- ochroleuca. (Pers:) Fr and KR. claro- flava Grove but differing from both in having the stem pale ochraceous. It may be separated from R. ochracea (A. &S&.) Fr. by its acrid taste and white flesh and spores. From R. fellea Fr. which it most closely resembles, the similarity justifying the specific name, it scarcely differs except in having the lamellae and stem pale ochraceous from the first, and the flesh white. Russula anomala Pk. ANOMALUS RUSSULA State Mus. Rep’t 50. 1897. p. 99. Pileus thin, fragile, nearly plane or slightly depressed in the center, dry, striate on the margin, white, sometimes tinged with yellow, flesh white, taste acrid; lamellae thin, moderately close, adnate, equal or with an occasional short one, white, dusted with the white spores when dry; stem equal, solid or spongy within, white; spores subglobose, .0003-.00035 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1-1.5 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 3-4 lines thick. Damp eround under trees. Suffolk county. July. Rare. The anomalous character of this species is found in the pileus which is destitute of the viscid separable pellicie characteristic of this subgenus. Notwithstanding the absence of this character, the fragile pileus with its thin striate margin and the nearly equal lamellae point to this as its proper place in the genus. From R. fragilis nivea (Pers.) Cke. which it closely resembles it may be distinguished by its dry pileus, adnate lamellae and solid stem, Found but once. Q2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Russula albida Pk. Wa ISE RUS Sirs State Mus. Bul. 2.: 1887. p. 10; State Mus..Bul. 105. 10906. p. 38, ploga eee tia Pileus thin, fragile, hemispheric or very convex becoming nearly plane or slightly depressed in the center, slightly viscid when moist, white, often tinged with yellow in the center, even or slightly striate on the margin, flesh white, taste mild or slightly and tardily bit- terish and unpleasant; lamellae thin, moderately close, entire, oc- casionally forked at the base, adnate or subdecurrent, white or whit- ish, the interspaces often venose; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, white; spores white or with a faint yellowish tinge, subglobose, .0003—.00035 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-3 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Rensselaer and Suffolk counties. July and August. Edible. The slowly developed unpleasant taste of the fresh plant isJost in cooking. The thin margin of the cap is sometimes curved upward in old plants. Distinguished from R. lactea Fr., which it re sembles in color, by its separable, slightly viscid pellicle, its adnate or subdecurrent closer lamellae and its stuffed or hollow stem. By the adnate lamellae and mild taste it may be distinguished from wititened: terms of Wh lem € pica eht Russula albella Pk. SLIGHTLY WEE RUSSURA State Mus. Rep’t 50. p. Yor. Pileus thin, fragile, dry, plane or slightly depressed in the center, even or obscurely striate on the margin, white or whitish, some- times tinged with pink or rose-red, specially on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, equal, white; stem equal, solid or spongy within, white; spores white globose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-4 lines thick. Dry soil in woods. Suffolk county. July. Rare. This species, like R. anomala Pk. departs from the usual character of the species of this subgenus in having a dry pileus. The fragile pileus and equal lamellae, however, indicate its close REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 93 relationship to this subgenus. From R. lactea Fr. it differs in its fragile texture, equal lamellae and the surface of the pileus not cracking and forming areolae. Russula veternosa Fr. LANGUISHING RUSSULA Piles convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, covered with a slightly viscid adnate pellicle, even on the margin, red or flesh- colored, typically becoming whitish or yellowish in the center, flesh white, taste acrid; lamellae narrow, broader in front, close, adnate, a few shorter ones intermingled, white becoming yellowish; stem equal, even, fragile, soft, spongy within becoming hollow, white; spores pale yellow, subglobose, .0003-.00035 of an inch long, nearly as broad. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 5-8 lines thick. Thin woods. Saratoga county. August. Rare. In our specimens the. pileus is in some cases a little paler in the center than on the margin, but none of them is centrally whitish or yellowish as in the typical form. The red pileus with even margin, the acrid taste and pale yellow spores are distinguishing characters in this species. Russula integra (L.) Fr. ENTIRE RUSSULA Pileus firm, becoming fragile, convex becoming plane or cen- trally depressed, covered with a viscid separable pellicle, thin on the margin which is at length coarsely tuberculose striate, variable in color, flesh white, taste mild ; lamellae broad, nearly free, equal, dis- tant, white becoming pale yellow, dusted by the spores; stem at first short, conic, becoming clavate, even, ventricose, sometimes cylindric, spongy within, white; spores pale yellow, subglobose, .0003~.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 3—5 inches broad; stem 1.5—2.5 inches long, 6—12 lines thick. Woods. Adirondack region. July and August. Rare. The specimens which we have referred to this species are dark red and do not always have the margin distinctly tuberculose striate. The stem is cylindric or sometimes thickened toward the base. Var.rubrotincta Pk. Stem tinged with red. Otherwise as in the typical form. O4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Russula palustris Pk. SWAMP RUSSULA State Mus. Rept-53. 1960" yp. (642: Pileus thin, fragile, subglobose or hemispheric becoming convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist and covered with a separable pel- licle, obscurely tuberculose striate on the margin, reddish buff to purplish red, flesh white, tinged with reddish buff under the pellicle, taste tardily acrid; lamellae entire, moderately close, whitish becom- ing yellowish, interspaces venose; stem equal, glabrous, spongy within or hollow, fragile, white or tinged with red; spores pale yellow, subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, uninucleate. Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, 4-6 lines-thick. Swamps, under alders. St Lawrence county. August. Rare. Related to R. decolorans Fr. but smaller, thinner mame fragile, tardily acrid and not discoloring or assuming cinereous hues with age. | Russula decolorans Fr. DISCOLOKED RUS sWies Pileus fleshy, firm, globose becoming plane or centrally depressed, slightly viscid when moist, polished, even on the margin, becoming striate with age, orange-red becoming paler with age, flesh white, becoming cinereous and variegated with black spots when broken, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, adnexed, fragile, sometimes forked at the base, white becoming yellowish; stem long, cylindric, solid or spongy within, white becoming cinereous, specially within; spores subglobose, yellowish, .o0o03—.0004 of an inch long, nearly as broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 2-4 inches long, 5-10 lines thick. Woods: July to. October: | Not rane: Russula obscura Rom. OBSCURE, RUSSUEY Pileus fleshy, convex becoming nearly plane, even on the margin or only slightly striate when old, dark red or purple sometimes black- ish in the center, not becoming paler with age, subpruinose on the margin; lamellae, spores, size and stem as in R. decolorans. Albany, Rensselaer and Suffolk counties. July and August. The chief difference between this species and R. decolorans is found in the color of the pileus. This is variable but darker than in the typical form of that species and more persistent. The flesh and stem become cinereous or smoky brown. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 95 Russula constans Karst. CONSTANT BRU SSUEA Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane or nearly so, even or un- equally striate on the margin, viscid, pale yellow, flesh white becom- ing gray with age; lamellae adnexed, whitish or pale yellow, becom- ing smoky brown or blackish in drying; stem white becoming ashy gray with age; spores, size of plant etc. as in R. decolorans Pir Woods. Adirondack region. August and September. imicand R- obscura agree with R. decolorans in their general characters, the most conspicuous difference between them and it being the color of the pileus. This character in many species is not thought to be of specific value, but in these plants the colors of the pile: appear to be constant, nor do they become intermingled on the same pileus as in other species with the pileus variously colored. Russula puellaris Fr. VOUT Wie RUSSULA Pileus thin, conic or convex becoming plane or slightly depressed, scarcely viscid, tuberculose striate on the margin, variable in color, livid, purplish or yellowish, darker or brownish in the center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, narrowed toward the stem, adnate, white becoming pale yellow ; stem equal, soft, fragile, stuffed or hollow, white or yellowish; spores pale yellow, subglobose, .o004 of an inch long, .o003 broad. Pileus I-1.5 inches broad; stem I—1.5 inches long, 2—4 lines thick. Woods. Albany county. Juiy. Rare. Var. intensior Cke. Pileus deep purple, nearly black in the center, otherwise as in the typical form. Our specimens belong to this variety. The stem is white and shows no yellowish spots or stains. | Russula pusilla Pk. SUA TRUS Sigier ; State, Mus. Rep t-50. iea7.) 2p. OO Pileus very thin, nearly plane or slightly and umbilicately de- pressed in the center, glabrous, slightly striate on the margin, the thin pellicle separable, red, sometimes a little darker in the center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae broad, subventricose, subdistant, adnate, or slightly rounded behind, white becoming yellowish ochra- ceous with age or in drying ; stem short, soft, solid or spongy within, white ; spores yellowish, globose, .0003 of an inch broad. 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pileus scarcely 1 inch broad; stem 6-12 lines long, 2-3 lines thick. Naked ground in woods. Suffolk county. July. Rare. This is the smallest russula known to me. The coloring matter of the pileus produces red stains on moist paper when the pileus is rubbed over the paper. Russula flaviceps Pk. VYEELOW CAPM RUS stile State Mus. Rep’t 53. 1900. p. 843. Pileus convex or centrally depressed, glabrous, covered with a thin viscid separable pellicle, even on the margin when young, slightly tuberculose striate when old, pale yellow, flesh white, taste mild or slightly acrid; lamellae close, narrow, adnate or slightly rounded behind, pale yellow becoming more yellow and dusted by the spores with age; stem equal or nearly so, stuffed or spongy within, white; spores yellow, subglobose, .o003 of an inch long. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5—2.5 inches long, 4-8 lines thick. Woods. Sullivan county. August. Rare. Distinguished from R. citrina Gill. and R. f£1n eon Britz. by its yellow lamellae, and from R. lutea Fr. by its striate margin and paler yellow lamellae and spores. Russula lutea (Huds.) Fr. VYELEOW.RUSSUEA Pileus thin, rather firm, convex becoming plane or centrally de- pressed, viscid when moist, even on the margin, beautifully yellow becoming paler with age, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae narrow, close, free, equal, bright ochraceous; stem equal or tapering upward, soft, stuffed or hollow, white; spores yellow, globose or subglobose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Woods. Essex county.. August. Rare. This pretty species has been found by me but once. o Russula roseipes (Secr.) Bres. ROSW Ss CEMA RUSSULA Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or slightly depressed in the center, slightly viscid, soon dry, slightly striate on the thin margin, reddish flesh color, rosy red or rosy orange, flesh white or yellowish, taste mild; lamellae equal, close, sometimes forked near the stem, free or adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, whitish becoming yellow; stem equal or tapering upward, stuffed or cavernous, reddish or —— 3 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 07 white stained with red; spores globose, pale ochraceous, .0003—.0004 of an inch long. Pileus 1-1.5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Woods. Albany and Saratoga counties. July. This is by some considered a variety of R. puellaris Fr. The red color of the stem when viewed under a lens is seen to be due to minute red particles or a rosy mealiness. Russula abietina Pk. JEJUR IMRIBID, IRUIS SiON. Stave WVinsy Rept 54. 1O0T, p. 180), pl) 7, figs 1-1 Pileus thin, fragile, convex becoming plane or slightly depressed in the center, covered with a viscid separable pellicle, tuberculose striate on the thin margin, variable in color, purplish, greenish purple or olive-green with a brown or blackish center, or sometimes purplish with a greenish center, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae narrowed toward the stem, subdistant, equal, rounded behind and nearly free, ventricose, whitish becoming pale yellow; stem equal or tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, white; spores bright yellow- ish ochraceous, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad. Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem 1—2.5 inches long, 3-5 lines thick. Under balsam fir trees. Essex county. Julyand August. Edible. The species is closely related to R. turci Bres. from which I have separated it because of its paler lamellae and the absence of cystidia from the lamellae and of minute areolae from the pileus and because of the presence of greenish and olive-green colors in the pileus. Its place of growth is only under balsam fir trees, Abies balsamea (L.) Miill., so far as it has been observed. Russula turci Bres. TURC RUSSULA Pileus fleshy, thin, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, viscid, striate on the margin when mature, reddish violaceous or lilac-purple, darker or blackish in the center, sometimes becoming yellowish in age and minutely areolate, flesh white or whitish, taste mild; lamellae equal, subclose, rounded behind, free, pallid when young, soon ochraceous, interspaces venose; stem equal or tapering upwards, rugulose, soon cavernous or hollow, fragile, white; spores ochraceous, globose, echinulate, .0003—.00035 of an inch in diameter. Pileus 1.5—3 inches broad; stem 1.5—3 inches long, 3-6 lines thick, 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Gregarious; in pine woods. Albany county. October. The specimens referred to this species were formerly thought to belong to Russula nitida (Pers.) Fr. but they agree much more closely with the description of this more recently described russula, from which they can scarcely be specifically distinct. The plant differs from R. nitida in having no well marked odor and in having neither the pileus nor the lamellae shining. Cystidia are present but they are slightly shorter than in the typical form of Peter cate Russula chamaeleontina Fr. CHAMELEON RUSSULA Pileus thin, fragile, plane or slightly depressed in the center, covered with a viscid separable pellicle, even on the margin when young, becoming slightly striate with age, variable in color, pinkish or rose-red, purplish or lilac, becoming yellow in the center or wholly yellowish, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, narrow, adnexed or free, sometimes forked, yellow; stem slender, slightly striate, somewhat hollow, white; spores ochraceous, globose, .0003 of an inch broad. Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines thick. Woods. Saratoga and Albany counties. July and August. ~*~ Russula alutacea Fr. LAN COLORED RUSS@UEXx Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, cov- ered with a viscid pellicle, even on the margin when young, becom- ing more or less tuberculose striate when old, variable in color, red, bright blood-red, dark purple, olivaceous or green, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thick, broad, equal, subdistant, rounded behind, pale yellow becoming ochraceous tinged with tan color, naked, stem stout, solid, spongy within, even, white or red; spores ochraceous yellow, subglobose, .0003-.0005 of an inch long, .0003-.0004 broad. Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 1-2.5 inches long, 6-12 lines thick. Woods and groves. July and August. Common. A large fine species considered edible but I have not tried it. The color of the pileus is so variable that the species is not always readily recognized. From R. integra, which is also variable in the color of the pileus, it may be separated by the naked lamellae and the ochraceous color of the spores. | RINE ee el ee ee) ee } » i a ly ? S : . ‘ } J Tricholoma nudum (Bull.) Fr. NAKED TRICHOLOMA 1 Young plant 2 Cluster of three young plants 3 Young plant with umbonate cap 4 Mature plant with convex cap 5 Mature plant with plane cap 6 Vertical section of young cap and upper part of stem 7 Vertical section of mature cap and upper part of stem 8 Transverse section of a stem g Four spores, x 400 Ico oon. Y. STATE MUS. 60 EPDIBLE, PUNGL "PLATE 104 TRICHOLOMA NUDUM (Butt.) FR. Ri ahits’ : NAKED TRICHOLOMA Tricholoma hirtellum Pk. Harry Cap TRICHOLOMA 1 Cluster of three plants 2 Single plant 3 Vertical section of cap and upper part of stem 4 Transverse section of stem 5 Four spores, x 400 Russula pectinatoides Pk. PECTENLIKE RUSSULA 6 Plant with convex cap 7, 8 Two plants with caps fully expanded 9 Vertical section of cap and upper part of stem 10 Four spores, x 400 102 on. : STATE MUS. 60 EDIBLE FUNGI Se Tee Fie. 1-5. Fic. 6-10. TRICHOLOMA HIRTELLUM PK. RUSSULA PECTINATOIDES Px. HAIRY CAP TRICHOLOMA PECTENLIKE RUSSULA os ‘ * , ‘ ‘ Agaricus micromegethus Pk. SMALL MUSHROOM I Small plant 2 Plant of medium size showing color of young gills 3 Cluster of three plants, two of them large 4 Vertical section of young cap and upper part of stem 5 Vertical section of mature cap and upper part of stem 6 Four spores, x 400 Russula uncialis Pk. INCH WIDE RUSSULA 7, 8 Two young plants with convex caps g Mature plant with expanded cap 10 Vertical section of young cap and upper part of stem It Vertical section of mature cap and upper part of stem 12 Four spores, x 400 106 N. Y. STATE MUS. 60 EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 106 Jee ee op BiG set Eb, CLITOCYBE AMETHYSTINA (Boir.) CLITOCYBE OCHROPURPUREA BERK. ANATYANRATYtCTOAN FAT TAN etm rt PR Grek: SS a LS ee ee rd payee ae mea | Agaricus micromegethus Pk. SMALL MusHROOM I Small plant 2 Plant of medium size showing color of young gills 3 Cluster of three plants, two of them large 4 Vertical section of young cap and upper part of stem 5 Vertical section of mature cap and upper. part. of stem 6 Four spores, x 400 Russula uncialis Pk. IncH WIpE RUSSULA 7, 8 Two young plants with convex caps 9g Mature plant with expanded cap 10 Vertical section of young cap and upper part of stem 11 Vertical section of mature cap and upper part of stem I2 Four spores, x 400 106 N. Y. STATE MUS. 60 EDIBLE FUNGI ; PLATE 107 Fic. 1-6. Fic. 7-12. AGARICUS MICROMEGETHUS Px. RUSSULA UNCIALIS Px. SMALL MUSHROOM INCH-WIDE RUSSULA Boletus frostii Russ. Frost BoLETUS I Young plant 2 Small mature plant te 3 Mature plant of medium size ng 4 Vertical section of cap and stem 5 Four spores,. x 400 , a ee ate ine ae che 108 N.Y. STATE MUS. 60 EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 108 BOLETUS FROSTII Russ. FROST BOLETUS Le tay, ~ Fs Russula compacta Frost Compact RUSSULA 1 Young plant with convex cap with whitish margin 2 Mature plant with expanded centrally depressed cap 3 Vertical section of cap and upper part of stem 4 Four spores, x 400 Irmo N. Y. STATE MUS. 60 EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 109 RUSSULA COMPACTA Frosr. COMPACT RUSSULA é a5 Agaricus atropurpurea, 80. glutinosus, 49. laccatus, 41. micromegethus, 44. explanation of plate, 106. pusillus, 44. Agastache scrophulariaefolia, 33. Allionia hirsuta, 17. Amanitopsis pubescens, 17. pulverulenta, 17. Amethyst clitocybe, 40-41. explanation of plate, 104. Anomalus russula, o1. Apple of Peru, 27. Ascochyta pisi, 17. Aster, bent stemmed, 18. Aster arcifolius, 17-18. biformis, 18. camptilis, 18. claytoni, I8. divaricatus, 18. elaeagnus, 18. fragrans, 18. macrophyllus, 18. multiformis, 18. violarius, 109. Basipedes, 27. Bent stemmed aster, 18. Berkeley, cited, 41. Black lined hygrophorus, 48. Blackish russula, 68-60. Blushing hygrophorus, 51. Boletus, frost, 44, 108. rugose cap, 45. Boletus chromapes, 19. frostii, 44-45. explanation of plate, 108. nigrellus, 33-34. rugosiceps, 6, 45. subpunctipes, 19. Bovistella pedicellatum, 36. Bresadola, cited, 72. Britton, cited, 36. Broken skin russula, 77. INDEX Broome, cited, 41. Brown, cited, 36. Burnham, S. H., work of, 8; men- ~ tioned, 30. Burnham hygrophorus, 56-57. Camarophyllus, 46, 54-58. Capreolar hygrophorus, 50. Caryospora cariosa, 19. Castanea dentata, 34. Catastoma circumscissum, 34. Chameleon russula, 98. Changed stem hygrophorus, 57. Chantarelle hygrophorus, 59-60. Chrysomyxa pyrolae, 34. Clavaria bicolor, 34. peckii, 34. vestitipes, 34. Clitocybe, amethyst, 40, 104. purple gilled, 104. purplish ocher, 41-42. Clitocybe amethystina, 40-41. explanation of plate, 104. basidiosa, 57. laccata, 4I. ochropurpurea, 41-42, 104. Collybia campanella, 19. lacerata, 20. stipitaria, I09. Compact russula, 42, 71-72. explanation of plate, IIo. Compactae, 67, 68-73. Conic hygrophorus, 62. Constant russula, 95. Cooke, cited, 20. Cortinarius intrusus, 20. validipes, 20. Cousin russula, 83-84. Crataegus, study of, 6-7. Crataegus arcana, 20. bissellii, 20, cognata, 21. deltoides, 21. habereri, 21-22. noveboracensis, 22-23. [11] 112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Crataegus (continued) Pepa Green, pale, russula, 76. scabrida, 23. ; Greenish russula, 76-77. tenella, 23. Craterellus cantharellus, 34-35. Hairy cap tricholoma, 38-39. intermedius, 35. explanation of plate, 102. Crustose russula, 77-78. -| Heterophyllae, 68, 81-85. Cynoglossum boreale, 23. Hydnum adustum, 30. — coriaceo-membranaceum, 24. luteopallidum, 24. Hygrocybe, 46, 58-67. Hygrophorus, 7, 45-46; New York Divaricati, 18. MON Dryopteris pittsfordensis, 23. ‘Shersihrne a simulata, 35. Burnham, 56-57. Dense gilled russula, 70. Dermocybe, 20. Didymium clavus, 23. Discolored -russula, 94. Earle russula, 42, 83. changed stem, 57. Eccentrici, 20. conic, 62. Edible fungi, 6, 38-45. See also Hy- | golden tooth, 47. grophorus; Russula. grayish brown, 53, 57-58. Edible russula, 82. ivory, 47-48. . Eleocharis intermedia habereri, 35. larch, 62. Emetic russula, 87. Laura, 48-49. Entire russula, 93. livid white, 54. Entoloma minus, 23-24. lurid, 65. Explanation of plates, 9¢-IIO0. margined, 60-61. meadow, 56. Fallacious russula, 88. minute, 65. Fetid russula, 85. northern, 55. Fir tree russula, 07. parrot, 64. Flammula expansa, 24. Peck, 63-64, 66. Forked russula, 74. Peckian, 56. Fragile russula, 88-80. pleasing, 66-67. | Fragiles, 43, 68, 86-08. pure, 64. Fries, cited, 40, 46, 67, 82. purplish, 50-51. Frost boletus, 44-45. red, 63. explanation of plate, 108. red dotted, 49-50. Fungi, new extralimital species, 31- reddish, 58. 23) scarlet, 63. Furcatae, 68, 73-75. shining, 66. Fusarium sclerodermatis, 35. showy, 51-52. : slimy, 53. Gaura coccinea, 24. small, 59. Geoglossum luteum fumosum, 25. sooty, 52-53. Gillett, cited, 40, 62. sulfur tinted, 53-54. Golden tooth hygrophorus, 47. sultury, 60. ieee Granulated russula, 84-85. unchangeable, 60. Gray, cited, 27, 36. _ | vermilion, 61. ~~ Grayish brown hygrophorus, 53, 57- violet, 52. 58. waxy, 61-62. © oe. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 113 Hygrophorus (continued) Hygrophorus (continued) white, 55. miniatus var. lutescens, 61. yellow disked, 50. . var. sphagnophilus, 61. Hygrophorus aurantiacoluteus, 67. ° | var. subluteus, 61. aureus, 52. Ae minutulus, 59, 65. basidiosus, 55, 57-58. nitidus, 50, 606. borealis, 54, 55. niveus, 55. bresadolae, 52. obrusseus, 60. burnhami, 24, 55, 50-57. parvulus, 58, 50. calyptraeformis, 64. peckianus, 54, 55, 56. niveus, 64. peckii, 59, 63-64. cantharellus, 58, 59-60. penarius, 67. var. flava, 60. pratensis, 55, 56. var. flaviceps, 60. var. albus, 56. var. flavipes, 60. var. cinereus, 50. var. roseus, 60. var. pallidus, 56. capreolarius, 46, 47, 50, 51. psittacinus, 50, 64. caprinus, 57. pudorinus, 46, 47, 5I. ceraceus, 50, 61-62. puniceus, 59, 63. chantarelle, 59-60. purpurascens, 46, 47, 50-51. chlorophanus, 59, 66. purus, 50, 64. chrysoden, 46-47. | queletii, 33, 51. coccineus, 59, 63. ruber, 32. congelatus, 61. rubropunctus, 47, 49-50. conicus, 32, 59, 62. serotinus, 32-33. cossus, 67. speciosus, 46, 47, 51-52. eburneus, 46, 47-48. subrufescens, 33, 55, 58. erubescens, 50. subviolaceus, 46, 47, 52. flavodiscus, 46, 47, 50, 53. virgatulus, 47, 48. foetens, 56. virgineus, 54, 55. fuligineus, 46, 47, 50, 52-53. Hymenogaster anomalus, 31-32. fuscoalbus, 47, 53. thwaitesii, 31. glutinosus, 49-50. Hypocrea pallida, 25. hypothejus, 46, 47, 53-54. Hypomyces lactifluorum, 29. immutabilis, 58, 60. : lacmus, 52. Inch wide russula, 43, 80. explanation of plate, 106. Inocybe calamistrata, 35. eutheloides, 25. pallidipes, 25. Irpex canescens, 35. Ivory hygrophorus, 47-48. lactus, 59, 64, 66-67. laricinus, 59, 62. laurae, 47, 48. var. decipiens, 49. var. unicolor, 40. limacinus, 47, 53. lividoalbus, 46, 47, 54. lucorum, 52. luridus, 24, 59, 65. marginatus, 58, 60-61. metapodius, 55, 57. . Laccaria, 41. miniatus, 58-59, 61. amethystina, 42. var. congelatus, 61. | ochropurpurea, 42. Kalchbrenner, cited, 50. II4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lactarius, 67. pergamenus, 35-36. piperatus, 35. Languishing russula, 93. Larch hygrophorus, 62. Laura hygrophorus, 48-40. Lentinus sulcatus, 36. Lepiota asperula, 25. eriophora, 25. Leptonia transformata, 32. Leptoglossum fumosum, 25. luteum, 25. Limacium, 46-54. Linum medium, 26. Livid white hygrophorus, 54. Lobelia dortmanna, 36. Lurid hygrophorus, 65. Lycoperdon excoriatum, 26. gemmatum, 206. pedicellatum, 36. polytrichum, 26. pyriforme, 26. serotinum, 26. Macrophylli, 18, 10. Magnificent russula, 71. Marasmius insititius, 26. phyllophilus, 26. Margined hygrophorus, 60-61. Mary russula, 81. Meadow hygrophorus, 56. Minute hygrophorus, 65. Modest russula, 78. Mollisia pallidior, 37. Mollisia typhae, see Peziza (Mollisia) typhae. Mushroom, small, 44. explanation of plate, 106. Mycena albogrisea, 27. Naked tricholoma, 39-40. explanation of plate, 100. New extralimital species, 31-33. Nicandra physaloides, 27. Northern hygrophorus, 55. Obscure russula, 94. Ocher clitocybe, purplish, 41-42. Ochery gilled russula, 80-8r. Ohleria modesta, 27. Olivaceous russula, pale, 74. Omphalia integrella, 27. pusillissima, 27. Oxybaphus hirsutus, 17. Paine, cited, 38. Pale cap russula, 73-74. Panic grass, 28. Panicum deminutivum, 27-28. psammophilum, 28. Panus fulvidus, 36. Parrot hygrophorus, 64. Paxillus panuoides, 36-37. Peck hygrophorus, 63-64, 66. Peckian hygrophorus, 56. Peckiella hymenii, 28-29. Pectenlike russula, 43, go. explanation of plate, 102. Peramium repens, 20. tessellatum, 20. Peridermium consimile, 209. decolorans, 20. Peziza (Mollisia) typhae, 37. Phallogaster saccatus, 31. whitei, 31. Phyllosticta ampelopsidis, 20. smilacis, 20. sphaeropsidea, 20. Physalodes physalodes, 27. Physarum lateritium, 37. Plants, contributors, 5; list of con- tributors, 10-17; species added to collection, 5, 9-10; species not be- fore reported, 5-6, 17-315 Plates, explanation of, 99-110. Pleasing hygrophorus, 66-67. Pleurotus terrestris, 20. Polyporus galactinus, 29. Polystichum acrostichoides incisum, 37: Populus balsamifera, 37-38. Puccinia peckil, 30. Pure hygrophorus, 64. Purple gilled clitocybe, 104. Purplish hygrophorus, 50-51. Purplish ocher clitocybe, 41-42. Purpurine russula, 89-90. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 Red dotted hygrophorus, 49-50. Red hygrophorus, 63. Red russula, 79-80. Reddish hygrophorus, 58. Rigidae, 68, 75. Rosy stem russula, 96-97. Rugose cap boletus, 45. Rugulose russula, 88. Russula, 7, 67-98; New York species, 67-08. anomalus, OI. blackish, 68-60. broken skin, 77. chameleon, 08. EOmpact, 42. 71-72, 110. constant, 95. cousin, 83-84. crustose, 77-78. dense gilled, 7o. «discolored, 94. Earle, 42, 83. edible, 82. emetic, 87. entire, 93. fallacious, 88. fetid, 85. - fir tree, 97. forked, 74. fragile, 88-80. granulated, 84-85. greenish, 76-77. . inch wide, 43, 80. explanation of plate, 106. languishing, 93. magnificent, 71. Mary, 81. modest, 78. obscure, 94. orchery gilled, 80-81. pale cap, 73-74. pale green, 76. pale olivaceous, 74. pectenlike, 43, 90. explanation of plate, 102. purpurine, 80. red, 79-80. rosy stem, 96-97. rugulose, 88. scaly, 79. Russula (continued) scorched, 70-71. short stem, 72. sister, 84. slightly fetid, 8s. slightly white, 92-93. small, 95-06. sordid, 69-70. squalid, 8o. subsordid, 60. swamp, 94. tan colored, 08. turc, 97-08. variable, 75. very similar, 90-01. weaned, 72-73. _ whitish, 92. yellow, 96. yellow cap, 96. yellowish, 78-79. yellowish blue, 82-83. youthful, 95. Russula abietina, 87, 97. adustas 68, 70-71. aeruginascens, 75. albella, 81, 86, 92-93. albida, 86, 92. alutacea, 87, 08. anomala, 86, QI, 92. atropurpurea, 8o. basifurcata, 73-74. brevipes, 68, 71, 72. chamaeleontina, 43, 87, 98. chlorides, 72. citrina, 96. claroflava, QI. compacta, 42, 68, 71-72. explanation of plate, 110. consobrina, 82, 83, 84. intermedia, 84. constans, 87, 95. crustosa, 75, 76, 77. eutefracta, 75; 77, 78. cyanoxantha, 82-83. decolorans, 87, 94, 95. delica, 68, 72-73. densifolia, 68, 70. paxilloides, 70. depallens, 81. igus 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Russula (continued) earlei, 6, 42, 82, 83. emetica, 86, 87, 88, 80, 92. var. fallax, 88. fallax, 86, 88. fellea, of. fingibilis, 96. flaviceps, 87, 96. flavida, 76, 78-70. foetens, 82, 84, 85. foetentula, 30, 82, 85. fragilis, 43, 86, 88-80. var. fallax, 88. var. nivea, 89, QI. funcataa7s. 7A granulata, 82, 84-85. lepiotoides, 85. granulosa, 85. heterophylla, 85. integra, 87, 93, 98. var. rubrotincta, 93. lactea, 81, 62, 03: lepida, 76, 70. lutea, 87, 96. magnifica, 68, 71. mariae, 76, 81. modesta, 30, 76, 78. mustelina, 42. nigricans, 68-69, 70. nitida, 98. obscura, 87, 94, 95. ochracea, QI. ochroleuca, OI. ochrophylla, 76, 80-81. var. albipes, 81. olivascens, 73, 74. palustris, 87, 94. pectinata, 43, 90. pectinatoides, 30, 43, 84, 86, 90. explanation of plate, 102. puellaris, 87, 95, 97. var. intensior, 95. purpurina, 86, 89-00. pusilla, 87, 95-06. roseipes, 87, 96-907. rubra, 76, 79-80. var. sapida, 80. rugulosa, 86, 88. simillima, 86, 90-91. Russula (continued) sordida, 68, 69-70. sororia, 43, 82, 84, 90. squalida, 76, 80. subsordida, 68, 60, 70. turci, 87, 97-08. uncialis, 43, 86, 80. explanation of plate, 106. Valiatd a7 sigise vesca, 30, 82, 88. veternosa, 86, 93. WiteSscens. 75. 7Oa7g viridella, 75, 76. Sagina procumbens, 38. Scaly russula, 709. Scarlet hygrophorus, 63. Scirpus atrovirens pycnocephalus, 38. cyperinus pelius, 38. Scleroderma tenerum, 30. Scorched russula, 70-71. Septoria lycopersici, 30. Shining hygrophorus, 66. Showy hygrophorus, 51-52. Sister russula, 84. Slimy hygrophorus, 53. Smith, W. G., mentioned, 4o. Sooty hygrophorus, 52-53. Sordid russula, 69-70. Squalid russula, 8o. Steccherinum adustulum, 30. Stemonitis smithii, 31. Stevenson, cited, 40. Subsordid russula, 69. Sulfur tinted hygrophorus, 53-54. Sulfury hygrophorus, 66. Swamp russula, 94. Tan colored russula, 98. Trametes serialis, 38. Tricholoma, hairy cap, 38-39. explanation of plate, 102. naked, 39-40. - explanation of plate, 100. Tricholoma albofimbriatum, 39. hirtellum, 31, 38-39. explanation of plate, 102. nudum, 39-40. explanation of plate, 100. personatum, 40. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1906 TL], Tricholomatarii, 20. Trillium erectum album, 38. Ture russula, 97-08. Unchangeable hygrophorus, 60. Variable russula, 75. Vermilion hygrophorus, 61. Versipelles, 109. Viola cucullata, 38. mcognita, 31. Violet hygrophorus, 52. Waxy hygrophorus, 61-62. Weaned russula, 72-73. White hygrophorus, 55. Whitish russula, 92. Xylaria polymorpha combinans, 33. hypoxylea, 33. spathulata, 33. Yellow russula, 96. Yellow cap russula, 96. Yellow disked hygrophorus, 50. Yellowish blue russula, 82-83. Yellowish russula, 78-70. Youthful russula, 95. yy mm ie " 5 icy. elt. ena ay a eet A vagy ( Ue. of } ‘ i hye * f i MERRIE? Poet sie YJeg yomyoje7J Jo dew pure sajsuespenb epunN pure 98e310g 34} jo dew I1do0j0a5) 81I NILATINGA WOASNWN So] suesipenb yIvIg O1IPIUG puUP Jo}S9YyIOY 2y} JO dew 310]0a+) vII NILATINGA WOASNWN VNIO3W NOLNIT9 VUVOWIN VNIIWS a s of a3 | g4 a limestone LZ, Williamson shale Lockport dolomite Wolcott oz (shales) Furnaceville ore LEGEND UPPER SILURIC Lower Medina Upper Medina (sandstones and shales) Sodus «hale bai! 77°30 " BULLETIN 114 ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES r & : < 5 = < rs) = i) 2 5 ° o Le