os New York State Education Department New York State Museum both ANNUAL REPORT 1906 VOL. 4 APPENDIX 7 TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JUNE“26, 1907 ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 1908 n fae RO18SO 1913 Lor7 1919 Igt4 1gI2 1918 IgIo TQI5 Igit 1909" 1916 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire WHITELAW Reip M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor - St Craik McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor DANIEE, BEACH Ph Dy Wil; D. Sen TM ceo Nee au gee ha fe? Prunw DeSexton lien Bb. lw: I ee aN a acum ALS (Groneinor Guay WEIN, (CIB. WIDE ss 9s 6 = Wi aoricnraave INOIMORGIUATIE WLI Jeet. IDy IbIL.ID, =. = = (Cem AL Gonna Ja ID, Iv. lal. 1D), IAv IO), ID Osu. ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - Diomieeusy AgumMaruP sie Wh YA ILILGID, @ 4s os a Docam A. Pisin IIB, IOIULID. se 2) es aE Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. Sih CMa en eu ed ie Commissioner of Education ANDREW S. Drarer LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. first Assistant Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant Avueustus S. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Third Assistant Director of State Library Epwin H. Anpgerson M.A. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M. Crarke Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, HARLAN H. Horner B.A. Attendance, James D. SuLLivan New York Brooklyn Watkins Palmyra Buffalo Syracuse New York Albany New York New York Plattsburg Educational Extension, WiLLiam R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S. Examinations, CHaRLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, THomas E. Finecan M.A. School Libraries, CHarutes E. Fircu L.H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Visual Instruction, DrELancry M. EL tis STATE OF NEw YORK No. 68 IN ASSBMBLY JUNE 26, 1907 both ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM To the Legislature of the State of New Vork We have the honor to submit herewith, pursuant to law, as the 6oth Annual Report of the New York State Museum, the report of the Director, including the reports of the State Geologist and State Paleontologist, and the reports of the State Entomologist and the State Botanist, with appendixes. — St Crarr McKetway Vice Chancellor of the University AnpREW S. DRAPER Commesstoner of Education neh le q nae cies ee ee ee +. New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Crarke, Director Memoir 9 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN M. CLARKE PAGE PAGE Introduction - - < = - 5 II Fauna of the Cape Bon Ami Early Devonic of New York ~- - 7 beds): - - - 114 Sketch of the geology of Gaspé - cae SET III Fauna of the Grande Greve lime- Geology of the Forillon - - 22 stones - - - - = Geology of Percé - - - - 47 Fauna of the Gaspé sandstones 226 The Gaspé sandstones - - - 76 | Tabular statement of distribution - 243 Descriptions of Gaspé faunas - - 103 | Explanation of plates - : - 253 I Fauna of the St Alban beds 103 | Index - - - - ~ - - 349 ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 1908 1913 ony 1908 1914 1g12 1918 1910 IgI5 IQII He) 1916 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire WuitrEeLaw Reip M.A. LL.D. Chancellor = - - St Crain McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor - IDAs, JAC In IDE IL IL.ID), = - - . = leumiy We Saxemon Jia JBy JIL D), = : - - TP Gurrmorpesvman. MeAni@ Be libs - - - Wititiam Norrincuam M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - < Crarins AGarpiner Ph Del eHD, LEAD DGiiar ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. : Epwarp Lautersacu M.A. LL.D. - - : : Bwicionns Ay lerencgay JEJE Jc, I IbID. - = - Eucan Ey SHpppen Wiebe - . : u Commissioner of Education INNDIRE Wo soe) OIA IO Rel: loa uenonleelD)s Assistant Commissioners Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. Ferst Assestant Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant New York Brooklyn Watkins Palmyra. Buffalo Syracuse New York Albany New York New York Plattsburg Avcustus S. Downinc M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Third Assistant — Director of State Library Enpwin- H. AnpErson M.A: Director of Science and State Museum Oras Ne Tiki, elms JE IOSD: Chiefs of Divisions Administration, Hartan H. Horner B.A. Attendance, James D. SuLLIvaNn Educational Extension, Witt1am R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S. Examinations, CHAruEs ie VWireeroctcs be seeleleaIb): Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, Tuomas E. Finecan M.A. School Libraries, Cuaries: Ey Pincers. D: Statistics isan ©. (CAGE Visual Instruction, DeLancey M. Ex.is New Vork State Education Department Sczence Deviston, December 20, 1905 Flon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commesstoner of L-ducation Str: I communicate herewith for publication a memoir entitled “ Early Devonic History of New York and Eastern North America.” Very respectfully Joun M. CiarKke State Geologist Approved for publication December 20, 1905 Ab Oreker Commtsstoner of Education uh this ‘ mn ; . ry 1 / 4 % 4 i 1 f x * F s ‘ ” \ 6 y vi is 7 ! i } 4 ' bm 7 i i, \" ‘ i q i 2 u A 7 s Noe ! ) is f 5 o A 1 3, ® ; ; ; re ri ‘ ad ' 4 { : ; eM i 4 ‘ | s ‘ t ; i x k " ~ 4 fe " « ive 2 4 : edict ‘ ‘ ve 4 4 . r f t ane xe | b eg PP hc nN oe 6 OWL uwuinesnyt 9383S AIOA MIN New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Cuiarke, Director Mchiols 9 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN M. CLARKE PART 1 INTRODUCTION In geologic as in other science no state liveth unto itself. Political boundaries are not the metes of knowledge. The geology of New York is not an esoteric cult; the succession of its rock formations and the composi- tion of the ancient faunas buried therein are so excellently known that the New York Series of Geologic Formations has long stood and still remains a standard for exact comparison wherever problems relating to the older rocks of the earth present themselves. For seventy years the factors in the geologic history of this State have been zealously acquired with undi- minishing ardor. Today their body is vast in detail and the foundation of broad conclusions of far-reaching significance. The geologic history of New York in all that the term implies —its geographic development, the uplifting and modification of its surface, the procession of life forms of its ancient seas — is approaching an accurate expression. The State, however, does not and never can in itself afford the solution of its own problems. The New York series of formations spreads away from its typical region to all points of the compass, and in all these directions, howsoever far it extends, light is to be sought for the explication of past geologic conditions 5 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in New York. My predecessor, Prof. James Hall, at various times during his long official career of sixty-three years, sought, found and portrayed in his reports the faunas of these formations in their extent to the west and south. He established his purpose to demonstrate that the New York series as erected by the original survey of the State, 1836-43, extended beyond the limits of the State. The work of others, official geologists of individual states and independent private investigators, has confirmed and supplemented this work through those regions. Eastward and to the north, - over country where the rocks are largely crystalline and in vast areas of unchanged sediments, much less has been acquired. Here again we recog- nize the labors of geologists, but for the most part the region is so extensive and the efforts made so desultory and discontinuous that in effect much of it remains a virgin field to the-student of its past. The problems of today in this study of New York are not wholly those of a generation ago. We are seeking light on the broader questions of changes in continental coast lines, in the upbuilding of the country, of the tidal flow of the ancient seas, their currents and depth, on the origin and the direction of migration of their faunas and the evolutionary changes of their constituent organisms. In the prosecution of these themes we can safely pro- ceed only by the method of closely analyzing the character and affiliations of the fossil remains. Such knowledge is of fundamental importance. Without it in its fulness conclusions can be but hasty and tentative, resulting in assump- tions and hypotheses. To acquire it costs vast labor, to interpret it caution and keen appreciation. To neglect it, to pluck here and there a salient charac- ter and with these plunge into the depths of inference, or to approach it with too narrow an equipment, is to rear a structure which will stand but for a day. We do well to follow in this procedure the standards which our fathers have set up and which the common experience in the science concedes to be imperative. It is too soon to lay down the hammer and construct in the study a philosophy of the earth. Vast as has been the acquisition of geologic facts, “hammers and chisels and a’” must still be the watchword of future generations of students in this scierice. Popes DEVONIC OF NEW YORK The theme of this treatise bears upon one period only of our geologic history. It is not to fight again the battles as to where the division line between the great Siluric and Devonic systems is to be drawn or as to what constitute the early stages of the Devonic record. Such contentions are effectively determined; only an occasional shot is heard from some dreamer who slept while the battle was on and wakes to find the field taken and the issue determined. We here endeavor to portray and to bring into comparison with the early Devonic of New York, faunas of like age from regions of eastern Quebec, northern New Brunswick, northern and eastern Maine ; inciden- tally other regions of smaller area and already closely studied — St Helen’s island at Montreal, Lake Memphremagog on the boundary of Vermont and Quebec, northern New Hampshire and western Massachusetts — have been brought within the scope of the work, so closely are all these regions knit to New York and so important have been their contributions to its history. In New York the deposits constituting the earliest members of the Devonic series are, at the bottom, 1) the Helderbergian and, overlying, 2) the Oriskanian. There is a demonstrated gradation of the sediments and the faunas of the lower into the higher, and those at the summit of the Helderberg series — Port Ewen beds—carry so large a representation of Oriskany species, as shown by recent analyses, that they may be wisely regarded as indicating the passage of the earlier into the later fauna. The Helderbergian rocks (in the Helderberg mountain region compris- ing the following divisions from below upward: 1 Coeymans limestone, 2 New Scotland limestone and shale, 3 Becraft limestone) enter New York from the southeast along the New York-New Jersey line, and end north- ward in an abrupt escarpment facing east and north in the southern angle of the present Hudson and Mohawk rivers. Of this heavy sheet of calca- reous strata there is no trace in New York east of the Hudson river save two small synclinal outliers in Columbia county, Becraft mountain and Mt 7 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bob. As the formation progresses northward from its entry into the State its thickness increases to where it is abruptly cut off in an erect wall. The Helderberg escarpment carries in its very topography the evidence of a former wide extension on toward the east and northeast. The continuation of this formation westward in New York is notable for its rapid thinning and quick disappearance. The subdivision at the Helderberg mountain is soon lost westward. The lower division or Coeymans limestone appears to be that extending farthest, as far as the eastern limits of Onondaga county, but the narrow east and west extent of the Helderberg sea is shown by the entire absence of the higher divisions far west of Schoharie creek. The Oriskany period succeeding, was a time of transgression over the Helderberg deposits beneath. Then the northern coast line in western ==] New York was broken and embayed. While calcareous deposits were formed in the deeper water of the southern reaches, the shore deposits of sand extended westward to Buffalo, in part over eroded surfaces of Siluric limestones to which the Helderbergian sediments had not extended. We have had occasion to show that | from the Helderberg westward the sandy shoal 1 water deposits of this Oriskany time are lenses The Helderberg sea in New York and thin sheets often disconnected, in some places rising to considerable thicknesses of friable quartz shore sand into which the waters have rolled the organic remains of the outer sea. These lenses we conceive were separated by tongues of land dividing the embay- ments of the shore line. The Oriskany in our view presents in New York a twofold facies, that of the deeper littoral represented by the calcareous deposits from the Helderberg southward to Port Jervis and that of the shallow littoral from Schoharie westward; yet it is quite probable that the latter deposits are of later date than most of the former and represent the final transgression of shore sands over the sinking land of Helderbergian time. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 9 The geographic conditions then in New York at this early date may be briefly outlined as follows: The great interior Mississippian sea which stretched a broad arm eastward into the Appalachian region during both earlier and later times, forming the Appalachian gulf, was, in the Helderbergian period, excluded from the present western, southern and central regions of New York, for it was a time of elevation of the continent and most if not all those portions of this State were then land, but land to be again depressed and overridden for ages by the seas. This ancient con- tinental land extended far to the south along the | present Appalachian region and east of it lay a sea way which we know to have been bounded without or on the eastern side by a land barrier, probably of continental dimensions. It has been argued with reasonable security that from the |) southern Appalachians of Maryland and Ten- | nessee northward this sea way was a relatively | narrow channel, widening out at places into : The Oriskany sea in New York, showing the basins favorable for the propagation of exten- western transgression sive faunas and forming an open connection with the ocean waters at the south and a free passage for migrant organisms. We must thus predicate for New York at the opening of the Devonic time a land area which was practically the entire State save its eastern and southeastern portions where the tides flowed through the marine waters of the Helderberg channel, hemmed in on the east by a land mass of whose extent toward the present Atlantic we have still much to learn. There is now before us the problem as to the opening of this channel beyond the present site of the Helderberg mountains eastward, and its course till it reached the open waters of the ocean at the northeast. We can not in this place give expression to our interpretation of this problem or full credit to the efforts others have made. toward its solution till we have marshaled the evidence of the faunas it is here proposed to discuss. We may again remark, however, that after Helderberg deposits had long continued in New York, the basin or chan- Io NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM nel widened and the sea transgressed its western boundaries, carrying with its sediments the later modified faunas over what had been the land. This was the period of Oriskany sediment. Notwithstanding the opening out of this New York basin in its later history so closely are the faunas of the Helderberg and Oriskany knit together that much of our evidence will be found to bear as forcibly upon the latter as the former in all queries as to the origin of the faunas and their distribution. | Attention must also be directed to the fact that the Oriskany fauna, after enduring for a time in this broadened basin till it had purged itself of its Helderbergian elements, adds to itself forecasting elements of that fauna which distinguishes the next succeeding geologic stage (Onondaga). This phenomenon is not evident in New York but has been lucidly shown to be the condition in the strata of western Ontario, in what have been termed the Decewville beds. It is essential that we keep before us in the interpretation of the eastern faunas this important fact that late stages of the Oriskany fauna become commingled with the incoming migrants of the next organic invasion. With these prolegomena we may let the summation of our theses wait upon the adduction of the evidence. * I have many acknowledgments to make for personal cooperation and assistance in this work, often from sources least expected. These acknowl- edgments are chiefly made in the course of the book but in some instances we may follow the custom of the Greeks and not sacrifice to our heroes till after sunset. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 1051 SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY OF GASPE Gaspé (to give location to our observations) is the vast peninsula of eastern Quebec which lies between the broad mouth of the St Lawrence river and the Bay of Chaleurs, facing the waters of the Gulf of St Lawrence. It is the Gaspé Peninsula, more trippingly termed in the French, Gaspésie, and in the English, Gaspesia, charmingly corrupted by the hadztant to Gaspesy. Speaking with precision, and as we shall hereafter employ the term, Gaspé is Gaspé county, which with Bonaventure county at the south divides the great peninsula. It is Gaspé county which here concerns us most, which carries the most striking contrasts of coast and mountain, which is farthest from the world’s thoroughfares and -where the geologic features are most inviting. Gaspé county in size might be a king’s realm. It is as large as the kingdom of Saxony or the state of Massachusetts, but its interior is almost as much a wilderness as it was when the geologist Logan first began his traverses of the region. The people of the country are scattered along the shores in settlements given over to the cod fishing as they have been during all the civilized history of the region, which extends back over a period of nearly three centuries. Likewise the most interesting problems presented by the rocks are marshaled along the coast which the relentless and inevit- able ocean has exposed to its very foundations. Indeed the relations of rocks and sea are knit most intimately to the life of the people, for the eternal battle of the former has reduced to the merest remnants majestic mountains of the past over whose dszecta membra the cod has found a breeding place and home. Gaspé has taken its name from the very evi- dence of the ocean’s destructiveness for, it is said, the word is derived from the term by which the Abenaqui Indians knew an isolated obelisk of rock standing on guard at the point of Cape Gaspé, towering to a hight of more than 600 feet ; like, but loftier than the Old Man of Hoy which still ° stands on the coast of the Orkney islands, the most majestic monument in Britain to the disruptive powers of the sea. There is a singular propriety m2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM in this country of sea-wracked topography thus deriving its name from its own wreckage. It is a region of Appalachian folds and into the ancient troughs between them the waters of the great gulf are now again striving to enter, making the bays and barachois of the coast. Gaspé scenery The scenery of Gaspé county has a natural geologic basis of diversity. The eye recognizes the profound differences at once even though uncon- scious of their causes. The whole country is underlain by a series of great troughs and folds of the rocks running almost parallel to each other and to the shores of Gaspé bay and these project at the shore line in the majestic and ragged cliffs which form the striking and brilliant features of the coast: Whitehead, the torn clitis of Percé, the threatening, reeis ois oem lecuer mune bold walls of Shiphead, Bon Ami and St Alban. Beneath these folds and forming the foundation on which they rest are the distorted strata of more ancient date that make the low cliffs of Cape Rosier and extend thence eastward in majestic walls all along the south shore of the St Lawrence river. Lying almost flat on top of the crests of the folds south of Gaspé bay and near the coast is an enormous mantle of brilliant red conglomerate and sandstone, rising from the base to the highest summits of Percé mountain. If we assume to speak with precision then, these hights of Gaspé divide themselves into the true mountains wherein the rock strata have been folded, and the great dissected plateau of Percé mountain, where there has been no crumpling of the strata. Singularly enough this plateau is highest of all these hights as they now stand, save for the greater mountains of the Shickshocks in the remoter inland south of the St Lawrence river. The Gaspé Appalachia On this coast Appalachia still lies in contact with the sea. Its rock folds present their ends to the action of the ocean and for ages past that ceaseless agent has been gnawing them away. This is the region of the broad sweep EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 13 of the appalachian folds from southwest-northeast to north, then to east, and finally to southeast, forming the northern sigmoid horn of this mountain complex. The cliffs of Cape Gaspé are the land end of one of these folds, Point St Peter of another and Percé of still another. The appalachian folds are not altogether above the sea level. Let the eye follow, on our hydrographic chart, the line of 30 fathoms. The cliffs of the Little Gaspé peninsula or Forillon rise 700 feet above the waters and on the northern side fall sheer to the St Lawrence. Yet at the foot of this Grande Gréye — Looking south from the King’s road to the cliffs of Gaspé sandstone on the further shore of Gaspé bay; Percé mountain in the distance inaccessible escarpment the sea bottom falls away very gradually and it is full 5 miles from the present coast line before the water reaches a depth of 180.feet. On the south, along the shore line of Gaspé bay from Indian Cove and Grande Greve to the Cape, the fall is abjectly downward from 6 and 16 fathoms to 38, 4o and 52 fathoms. Here the phenomena are the counterpart of those on the other shore. The rock strata are regularly inclined toward the waters of the bay and the waves strike only along the smooth dipping surfaces of the layers. ital NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM On this south side it is not the gnawing of the ocean that shows itself by the abrupt marine descent but a continuation of the dipping rocks car- ried on downward for full 300 feet indicating a recent depression of the whole land area on this side of the peninsula. The sea is indeed eating away on both sides of the Forillon, but on the north at a tremendous advantage under the fierce impact of the northeast storms, Let us follow the line of 50 fathoms, > Fifty fathoms is less than half ) SSS SS. Ta maak : m— SS the hight of the rocks HUW ) : i ane F an rising straight above the water at Cape Gaspé, and yet should the water fall away these 300 feet We = N Plt tA the land would run out : zz | Wl MT Ve ee ==.| into the gulf, following Grande Gréve -— The same point of view with an elevation of the land to 50 fathoms the direction of the mountain range until it included the rocky ‘‘ American bank,” into a head- land of no small dimensions. Such it once was. Now washed by the waters, the home of the cod, it leaves only to the imagination the scenes of life played out on its grassy slopes during the ages before its destruction was accom- plished, and while it was the outermost eastern tip of the Appalachian system.: The mantle of conglomerate which lies nearly flat over the folds south of Malbay obscures the appalachian structure save where the sea has revealed it. The great fold of Percé is largely buried beneath the Devono- Carbonic rocks of Bonaventure island and Mt Ste Anne. Appalachia in Gaspé was completed before the close of Devonic time. The folded rocks do not carry evidence of late Devonic age and the unfolded conglomerate mantle of the upper coast above their broken «Mr Charles Biard, of Percé, has obtained for me samples of the rock lying on this “American” or “Green Bank”’ and taken at a depth of about 4 fathoms, and these prove to be entirely similar in character to the gray limestone of Cape Gaspé. New York State Museum Weer p 25° 20° 35 Pim tee Fie Oa Ss TEMS Sy SE ak OE Sa ae —- see oes et =o=s OES ons OTe sgdnvRAaiBATOAAEDSasAGAGSONEGOREIOBATERAUUad 080 TBEASLOUESLOIDAROTE Ent rr dee Trraubeannsnananetianin w nf af : I 1 EI CIE CITI 7 I o Prt rer yi] < \ C.Bon Ami GASPE BAY~ ~~ Capaux0s “Ko : = : Sw. LEGEND Devonic Yi Gaspé sandstone Z... = Cap PetitGaspe Cape Bon Ami 40-3 60 70 20 _oo CHAINS. Base from Crown Lands map Geology by J.M.Clarke Geological Map of the Forillon, Gaspé EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 23 is the still mighty flank of a mightier range. One may here start at the waters of Gaspé bay and climbing upward, a short half hour will bring him to the cliffs of Bon Ami, 700 feet straight over the waters of the St Lawrence river; off at his left above the curve of Rosier Cove towers bare St Alban, r1oo feet, the highest point reached by these rocks in their upward inclination toward the north. If he will take the King’s road, which traverses the peninsula from Grande Greve to Cape Rosier, it will lead him at first gently through a way embowered in evergreens and bring him out with startling abruptness almost to the hight of the Bon Ami cliffs. Lying on his belly on the grass of the roadside, he may test his nerve by watching the waves break at the base of the concave cliff, hundreds of feet below him. Mount St Alban rises again at his left, a gray bare rock wall on its sea front, embrasured in a sloping talus of its own fragments and resting on a projecting rock point, the Quay, at the edge of the water. St Alban seems the very genius of the place, a stern, weather-beaten god, skirted in his kirtle of fallen rocks, with foot planted forward on the strand, bidding an impotent defiance to the onrushing waves like another royal Knut who himself may have to take place among the myths of geology as a like imposing sea cliff. The King’s road, reaching the summit of the cliffs, becomes thence well nigh impossible, pitching downward at an unknown angle, but it comes out at last after many tribula- tions to the traveler, to the broad, flat triangle of Cape Rosier where rest the upturned Cambric slates beneath the great limestone series of which we are about to speak. Some of the earliest French explorers, perhaps Champlain, termed this narrow peninsula, this spine of land, the Forillon.t In early maps and in the /esuzt Relations the name, often spelled Fourzllon, is attached only to the cape now called by the English Shiphead. Out at the end of Shiphead stood the obelisk of rock which the sea had separated from the * Describing the hills and headland of this peninsula, Nicholas Denys (1672) says: “Cette pointe se nomme le Forillon, il ya une petite Isle devant oules pecheurs de Gaspé viennent faire leur degrad pour trouver la moliie.”’ Description géographique et his- toriques de Costes de l’Amérique septentrionale. Avec l’histoire naturelle du Pais. p. 234 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cliff. To this the name Forillon was vicariously applied, the name of the whole betng taken for the part. The obelisk was also to the French, La Vieelle, the Old Woman which, says the Abbé Ferland, with its tufted cap of verdure, resembled some of the Canadian grandmothers. It is a fallen woman now, for it went down in a heavy sea in 1851; Admiral Bayfield put it on his charts as the flowerpot and so it stands today on English maps. We have referred to this obelisk as having perhaps furnished to the Indians the name for the whole Gaspé country. It has been suggested that Forillon may be derived from /forer, to drill or bore, as one should say, a drill, and The Forillon from beyond Peninsula to the cape ; showing the character of the sky line. Grande Greve about x inch from _ the land’s end. Taken from the hills back of Gaspe basin, 16 miles from the cape certainly this long narrow spine upon the charts might well suggest such a name. Others would construe the term as referring to the piercing of the end of the cape by the parting of the obelisk, and have the word apply to that only. Be this as it may, the obelisk is gone and naught remains but the Flowerpot. In recalling the term Forillon for this Gaspé spine of land we return to an ancient usage and in so doing find a needed geographic name. High on the broad southward slopes of the Forillon are scattered some ' EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 25 of the serenest and most contented of homes; their farms, pitched at angles of twenty to thirty degrees to the water, yield their slender increase, the crest of spruce and fir adds softness and beauty to every contour. From these homes the eye sweeps over a magnificent stretch of bay and sea and never tires at the infinitude of variety in the scene. The observer seems to view the panorama spread before him as do the sea mews wending their way from their roost on the Bon Ami cliffs to the feeding grounds in the barachois at Douglastown. The whole stretch of Gaspé bay lies before the eye from the hillside galleries. Far away at the west are the rounded sandstone mountains of Gaspé Basin, besmudged and screened by the’ smoke clouds from the lumber mills at the great sand bar. Here the panorama _ begins and under the cir- cling eye passin due succession the low cliffs of Douglas- town, its sand bars, its tickle and bara- chois lying low to the water line, the reddish — timbered hills of Bois Brulé and the crimson sea wall of sandstone running on east- ward to Point St Peter, the end of the south shore save Looking south from Shiphead at the entrance of Gaspé bay: showing Point St Peter, 10 for the little light- miles, Bonaventure island and Percé mountain, 18 miles house crowned Plateau Island at its tip. Above these lower hights of the foreground rise at the east the graceful curves of majestic Percé mountain, 24 miles away as the cormorant flies, crowned at the summit with the . 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM shrine of Ste Anne. Looking from the higher summits of the Forillon, the Percé Rock slips above the horizon and from Shiphead light at the tip of the Cape one sees Bonaventure island stretched out full length; beyond them all the great expanse of gulf waters. Gaspé limestones of Logan Sir William’s subdivision of the limestone series which has its base at Cape Rosier Cove on the north and whose uppermost beds skirt the coast of the Forillon from Little Gaspé to Shiphead, is here given in full in ascending order as presented in his Geology of Canada | 1863, p. 391. FEET t Gray limestones in layers of from six to eight inches thick, which are separated by bands of greenish calcareo-argillaceous shale, gradually increasing in amount towards the upper part. The limestone beds abound with fossils, and contain, among other species, large crinoidal columns, Favosites gothlandica, F. basaltica, F. cervicornis, with undetermined species of Zaphrentis, Dictyo- nema and Fenestella, tvo undetermined species each of Lucina and Stropho- mena, with S. rhomboidalis, S. punctulifera, two or three undetermined species of Orthis, Rhynchonella acutiplicata, two or three species of Orthis, Penta- merus galeatus, three undetermined species of Spirifera, Athyris laevis, Atrypa reticularis, Cyrtodonta orbicularis, C. lata, C. flexuosa, Modiolopsis cultrata, Avicula bronni, A. naviformis, Loxonema gaspensis, L. gracilis, Bellerophon laurenticus, two undetermined species of Platyceras, an undetermined Conu- laria, with several undetermined species of Orthoceras, Dalmanites pleuroptyx, an undetermined Phacops, Bronteus canadensis, and an undetermined species of Beyrichia - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70 2 Greenish calcareo-argillaceous shales, which are interstratified with less calcare- ous layers, of various shades of red. The only fossils observed, occur about the middle of the deposit, and consist of flattened stems of marine plants, apparently replaced by oxid of iron - - - - - - - - go 3. Olive-green calcareo-argillaceous shales, with occasional nodules and layers of compact limestone; the former from an inch to a foot in diameter, and the latter from six inches to two feet thick. Some of the layers are rather arena- ceous ; remains of fucoids occur at the top” - - - - - - = FLO 4 Gray limestones in thin beds, separated by gray calcareous shales, of which there are more towards the bottom than the top. The whole mass is interstratified with three or four bands of olive-green calcareo-argillaceous shale. About fifty feet from the bottom, there is a bed of seven feet, made up of several thin layers of limestone and limestone shale, and presenting a singularly wrinkled structure, from which the beds above and below are free. It would appear as if the layers, after their deposit, had been contorted by lateral pressure, the underlying stratum. remaining undisturbed, and had then been worn smooth, before the deposition of the next bed. Where the inverted arches of the flexures occur, some of the lower layers are occasionally wanting ; as if the corrugated bed had been worn on the under as well as the upper side. The corrugations are precisely in the direction of the dip, and the peculiarity is EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 257 FEET not confined to a small part of the deposit, for the same thing is observed at the Petit Portage and Cape Bon Ami, the only two localities in which these limestones have been observed ; these are upwards of a mile asunder. The fossils of these calcareous strata are not so numerous as those of the lime- stones at the base of the section. Among them however are fucoids or com- pressed stems of plants, an undetermined species of Chonetes, Leptocoelia concayva, L. flabellites, Spirifera crispata, with undetermined oe of Conularia and Orthoceras - - = - = - 200 5 Gray or slighly greenish calcareous shales,-associated with pena of dark gray. Both are interstratified with layers of arenaceous limestone, which are occa- sionally sufficiently coarse grained to approach the character of a fine con- glomerate. Fossils are somewhat abundant; in addition to marine plants, which are chiefly confined to long flattened serpentining stems, the species which prevail are two undetermined species of Lucina, and two of Lingula, Strophomena rhomboidalis, an undetermined Chonetes, Leptocoelia concava, L. flabellites, and Spirifera crispata, with two undetermined species of Ortho- ceras and one of Phacops - - - - = - - - - - 380 6 Gray calcareous shales or shaly limestones, interstratified, particularly at the top, _with thin beds of purer limestone fit for burning. Die organic remains of this part, which do not appear to be abundant, are chiefly obscure serpentining fucoids ; which are accompanied by species of Lingula, Discina, a Conularia resembling C. sowerbyi, and an undetermined species of. Pterygotus - - 300 1210 These strata dip southwest, at an angle of 24°, and are beautifully seen in the cliffs ; which present a vertical naked face nearly 700 feet in hight, on the northeast side of Gaspé promontory. ‘The lowest limestones, 1, constitute the first step in the ascent to the mountains encountered in passing from Cape Rosier to Grande Gréve. The second hard calcareous band, 4, forms another step in the same ascent ; it makes also Cape Bon Ami, from which the gray calcareous shales, 5, present a deep slope up to the foot of the gray shaly limestone, 6. These rise in a vertical and sometimes overhanging escarpment, up to the edge of the precipice; from which the harder beds that form the summit of the above section, slope down into a valley. This valley divides the hills of the promontory into a double range, and maintains its character with some constancy, farther into the interior. From this valley, the succeeding members of the series are piled in a second escarp- ment, and constitute the loftier of the two ranges: these strata, as before, dip S.W. < 24° and are, in ascending order, as follows: FEET 7 Gray nodular shaly limestones, succeeded by gray limestones of a purer nature ; these are followed by a second series of beds like the first, on which rest greenish calcareo-arenaceous shales, terminating in a thin layer, which is nearly grass-green. A fossil strongly resembling Fucoides cauda-galli, is common throughout the deposit, and some surfaces are almost completely covered by it; the only species observed accompanying it was Dalmanites pleuroptyx - 300 8 Gray limestones fit for burning, in beds of from six to twelve inches thick, some of them holding chert at the summit. Fossils abound ; among the species are Fucoides cauda-galli, Favosites gothlandica, F. basaltica, F. cervicornis, two undetermined species of Zaphrentis and one of Fenestella, Orthis oblata, ‘with two or three undetermined species of this genus, Strophomena rhomboidalis, S. becki, S. perplana, with two undetermined species of Strophomena, three 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM FEET undetermined species of Chonetes, and two of Rhynchonella, with R. acutipli- cata, Leptocoelia concava, L. flabellites, Eatonia peculiaris, Rensselaeria ovoides, two undetermined species of Spirifera, with S. arenosa, Atrypa reticu- laris, Athyris laevis, two undetermined species of Modiolopsis and two of Avicula, with undetermined species of Murchisonia, Pleurotomaria, Loxonema, Orthoceras, Phacops, and Proetus, with Dalmanites pleuroptyx - - - 500 800 The entire volume of these Upper Silurian limestones would thus be about 2000 feet. They occupy the whole of the promontory of Cape Gaspé, which extends from the main- land for a distance of about 7 miles, with a breadth of no more than seven-tenths of a mile ; except at its junction with the lowland extending to Cape Rosier, where it gradually assumes a greater breadth. ‘They skirt the northeast bank of the northwest arm of Gaspé bay, and the left bank of Dartmouth river ; constituting a range of mountains, some of whose summits, according to Bayfield, are about 1500 feet high. From Little Gaspé, they are flanked by a strip of the succeeding formation, the junction of the two being seen in Little Gaspé cove. About 17 miles above Little Gaspé, these limestones cross the north branch of the Dartmouth, upwards of 2 miles from the mouth of the tributary ; on which a partial section, directly across the measures, presents a thickness of 1800 feet. At the bottom of this, there are interstratified layers of chert, which have not yet been observed at Cape Gaspé. The determinations of fossils appearing in this table were provisionally made by Mr Billings, who afterward described in some fulness 42 species of the higher beds but perfected his determination of the species of the lower beds, 1-7, in 10 cases only. The passage of these beds from bottom to top, one into the next, is altogether gradual and without interruption. In a general survey of the great series of limestones, the lithic change is expressed in a tendency upward to greater purity of limestone and chert deposits. With this increase of purity the fauna becomes much more prolific and the upper beds redound in fossils while in the lower divisions they are relatively rare. The intermediate divisions from 2 upwards to 5 are comparatively barren while in I more species are to be found. We have felt obliged to base any subdivision of these 2000 feet of limestone chiefly on data that we have ourselves been able to bring together. One can not be guided here entirely by the determinations of fossils in Logan’s scheme, for there are in his lists suggestions of species which Billings in his final report failed subsequently to record and our own collections contain many forms which are not indi- EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 29 cated on those lists. We shall, therefore, make our way with the best light at our command.’ Logan regarded this entire series of beds as “ Upper Silurian lime- stones” | /oc. cet. p. 393] or more definitely “a great development of strata of the age of the Lower Helderberg group” [p. 391]. The closer scrutiny of the fossil contents led Billings to conclude that ‘‘the two lower divisions [1 and 2]are most probably Silurian; about the age of the Helderberg of the New York geologists. The upper two members [7 and 8] are nearly of the age of the Oriskany sandstone, and are therefore about the base of the Devonian. Divisions 4, 5 and 6 may be regarded as constituting passage beds between the Upper Silurian and Devonian.”? Ells (1883) states that “of these Gaspé limestones it is now consid- ered that only the two lower members, representing a thickness of 160 feet, can with propriety be assigned to this [Siluric] system while the preponder- ance of fossils of Devonian aspect even in the basal bed renders it probable that the whole may ultimately be transferred to the Devonian system.” 3 This farsighted view has foreshadowed that at which we have arrived with the aid of detailed and conclusive evidence. On a previous occasion we have briefly discussed the relation of the fauna as a whole to the series in New York,‘ and at that time made the following propositions : Logan’s subdivision of the limestone series was given with lucidity ' and exactitude but seems hardly to clothe this unique succession with the dignity and importance it merits. Dr Ami has suggested that the upper beds 7 and 8, be termed the Grande Greve limestones from the little village on the peninsula where these strata are best exposed and most readily accessible. . . . This name seems happily chosen and we. have thought that with equal propriety the lower beds 1 and 2, exposed in the *Dr Whiteaves has made it possible for us to institute comparisons with Billings’s original specimens whenever doubt has arisen concerning the identity of our own material, and to refigure in many cases these types. SPaleOZ., FOSS. Loyd V2, pt 1, p: 2: 3Rep’t Geol. Gaspé Penin., Geol. Sur. Can. Rep’t Prog. 1880-82. 1883. p.15 DD. 4N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900, p. 81. 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM base of Mt St Alban along the shore of Cape Rosier cove on the St Lawrence may be called the St Alban limestones, while the passage beds of Billings (no. 3, 4, 5 and 6) which are displayed in the fine 700 foot vertical escarpment at Cape Bon Ami west of Cape Gaspé, may receive the name of Cape Bon Amz limestones. It appears that Dr Ami’s suggestion referred to above was not published till 1902* and he states briefly that “‘la formation Grande Gréve contient des fossiles qui sont équivalents 4 ceux de la formation Oriskany de l’ouest.” We shall do well, therefore, to consider the Grande Gréve beds as inclusive of all embraced in Logan’s divisions 7 and 8. In treating of those subdivisions we shall for the present confine our- selves to their development on the Gaspé Forillon. It is here that they are typically exposed. Subsequently we shall refer to their manifestation at other points so far as they have been observed. St Alban beds LOGAN’S DIVISIONS I AND 2 The exposures of this division lie in the base of St Alban mountain which towers to a hight of rioo feet in sheer declivities above the shore of Cape Rosier cove. One reaches these beds by traversing the King’s road from Grande Greve, following its precipitous descent from the top of the sea wall, where the waters beat at the foot of the concave cliff 600 feet below, down to the lower levels and across the country to the shore. All but the shore outcrops are here concealed in the great mass of overly- ing strata. The exposures are nearly along the dip of the strata for the trend of the coast is more northerly here than elsewhere. The strata rest on the upturned ‘“Cambro-Siluric” slates of Cape Rosier which of themselves make an inconspicuous element in the topography of the region. ‘Their stratigraphic characters are sufficiently described in Logan’s characterization. Messrs. Barlow and Giroux made collections in 1883 tEquisse géologique du Canada, p. 33. Extracted from the WVaturaliste Canadien of 1901-2. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 31 from Cape Rosier at the contact with the rocks of the “Quebec” group and the following species are cited in Ells’s Report, 1884 (p. 30E) Favosites gothlandica Leptocoelia flabellites Strophomena punctulifera View from near the summit of the Bon Ami cliffs looking into Rosier cove, Cape Rosier in the distance ; the beds of the St Alban and Bon Ami divisions exposed on the shores Pterinea textilis Hall Spirophyton cauda-galli Sir William Logan notes the occurrence of fossils in the upper reaches of Griffon Cove river* at what he has termed the Ruzsseau de la Grande Carrire, 10 miles west up the Forillon. The highway which leads over the divide along this river and the King’s road at Grande Greve are the only roads that cross the Forillon from south to north. We have visited these outcrops and observe that the pass is called by the people of the peninsula, the Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river; by which term we also *L’anse au gris fond; the Griffon is a purely English creation. 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM prefer to designate it. Dr Ells has recorded the same occurrence and states that the strata here ‘“‘are very near the contact with the rocks of the Quebec group and the fossils are from the lower division of the limestone series.” In the short section there presented we find at the base heavy beds of quartz conglomerate (‘‘ Quebec” ?) followed above by arenaceous limestones and over these more schistose limestones. Both of the latter carry fossils which unquestional ly pertain to the fauna of the St Alban beds and are quite devoid of characters which would closely ally them to the higher or Grande Greve fauna. Some of the beds in this Griffon Cove river section, which we may not have seen, Logan regarded as the summit of the Gaspé series, and we may therefore specify that those examined by us and from which the fauna here cited was obtained are in the vicinity of the highway bridge over the river about three miles in from the south shore. Fauna of the St Alban beds Some incongruities appear in the comparison of published lists of the fossils of these beds given by Billings? and Ami, and those based on the materials we have collected and here described. The differences are more apparent than real and are probably due in part to the fact that those ~ in Logan's work were only provisional and subject to revision, and it is also possible that Messrs Billings and Ami had species which may not have come under our observation. In citing Logan’s classification of the rock series we have given the fossils as quoted by him and these we bring together again for purposes of comparison; in this list comparisons or identities with our own material are suggested [second column]. SING Pee Sis.) 107 DID) 2 We assume that the determinations cited by Logan in his classifications were made by Billings. = JYSI1 9y1 YB UVas St UIeJUNOU 9Y1 Jo JOO; VY} 4e prot sty} JO aSINOISYL, “AaUIOS Yay JaMoT ayy ut atod ydeaBaya4 oUd Tou pvor soury 94} JO JrWWNs oy} Wolf usye] “speq Iwy uog pue uRq(y 15 —UFqIY 1S VN JO YO [eorszea aUL 1°41°d “H *v Aq o10ug 6 10WIDdy uinasnyy 2383S YIOX MON EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Fossils of divisions x and 2 as given by Logan (Billings): Geology of Canada Berea eptandice | Favosites helderbergiae Ha// Rec eoenis F. cf. gaspensis Lambe MAMLE MSs cern ci vane soem eels ease Z. rugulata Billings Dictyonema..... Mreteureioe © Slane Smatre ss D. splendens Aillings Fenestella Lucina Strophomena SMH OMIDOLGAIS. 6. cic ee en eviews = oon Leptaena rhomboidalis Wickens Sypunctulifera cs... 2... cee Se oourne Strophonella punctulifera Conrad : : Dalmanella subcarinata Hal/ Orthis, several species........s0+-+-- Jeera | D. cf, discus Hall Rhynchonella acutiplicata Had/..........- Camarotoechia cf. altiplicata Hal/ Pentamerus galeatus (Dalman)........... Gypidula galeata (Da/man) SHIM EURE Regie Se Unials, ste rlsieclers iru ieie'sb) sis ale Seis, s S. perlamellosus Ha//? PREMGTES, FHICVIS tiacleieleivsis Sogec is we beee sees Meristella laevis a// PGA RELICMIATIS. oem sc sece seme sete ee A. reticularis (Zznné) * Cyrtodonta orbicularis* *C. lata RUPERT OS AS creole s | vs o's see eile eaten cae Cypricardinia planulata Had/? * Modiolopsis cultrata....-.....0....-005 Modiomorpha varia Ai/lings ? DCMI NRO cies ccc seo ee oes cea es Limoptera rosieri ov ? A. naviformis Conrad * LOSONEMA FASPENSIS ©. os... eee veces ee Pleurotomaria labrosa Hall? *L. gracilis * Bellerophon laurenticus Platyceras Joule es ROM Ger sions Linea aoe ce @.lata, 22007 RIB ETAN i fete weiss Si) dn e.e's alesse 2s Kionoceras ¢f. rhysum zo. Dalmanites PleurOptyX.. 2h. sees aces ess. Dal. coxius ov ? ERAGOPS)s «a. GRE cists, A .ds oss, «= Ph. logani Had/? SPETONteNs CANAGEMSIS 61-4): stored: x Pleurotomaria labrosa Hal/...... Meters otereeede mE cicrcioloae saul ens Lophospira bilirata (/a//)... Maator raphe ooo, be Palen aad ab Eotomaria cartieri ov. Miehcrumetstencrs ohets Scie: x Actinopteria textilis (Conr Nee Meat fate oi seal ve IX Limoptera rosieri zov........ Fo Ud Gea CIO cnet Maes Modiomorpha varia (Billings)... Reet eee sell oe x Goniophora mediocris Billings... hy Caso Oe Cacae >a la x Leptodomus canadensis Billings... ee atereualenehey diousectios (fee [om oe | * Mytilarca nitida Bildings........... Soe ct doteloha, asin NG ee cvs x Palaeopinna flabellum Ha//......... Gta Te eininesot % x Cypricardinia planulata Hai] ............ Sidas x Camarotoechia semiplicata Conrad......... Ser Maxly | Xe j C7 altiplicata /7ai7...... . siehepeictane arofiita Fes seep ears 5 Wacmulus vellicatus Pal. 0... ew we ee a os Sak sath PM ao Sieberella galeata (Dalman)........00cceeee: anh slenex PREM CEBCUUATIS 2 770710:.0\sicia ny + cviece es vccaeeos. x Atrypina imbricata Hall....... meet ass S Retadngels odd Vee PRESEN hescuri si viaicr's sire. « a So eiye Metroid Vale saTotel alsvata?ofel 0) oe si| here x Nucleospira ventricosa Ha//....... Gaiety areiaareiene | Mp eee ole aia ise ee a bosa, Hall. sioner isis wie Wise! aire ete oF |. Be ose |Next s tOrmOSd L7a//....5, a's.010 Sehale sitesi = erase cheiora/ asa: x pure Meristella laevis Ha//....... Sloteatas' anetenetz Siete crave sts! x x Spininer perlamenosus 2720/2... ss00+ssecalesass. pl (Pe ae (ee Stropheodonta patersoni precedens LLY ee re a ace x x SOS S77 ORG ee AER Bedo caerten x Leptostrophia magnifica Hall. Beh inarce Selorer aie he Re Si > CA vA mo | b | eB : 5 a Bhs % = Aa = a S ° uw Oo ° o rey v ° vo a os as) yy oS wT) = vo ty] = o>) oO = w ‘© ~ x x (x) Ce oe eC ee 8 Dalhousie beds * — * — 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ST ALBAN Pia BEDS zie é > > Bele seals SPECIES s : g & a © 2 2 wm | © gi} Ss 2 a || (4 Vm, Q vo m o °o 3 o z ® z 3 a e = Sr ee |; Seah Soul ts Bo ln Fa is) 1S) iS iS) q iS 4 A H a ise) vt ve Ke} N ao I, beck Aodiwa wert iio te aie Gane aide -2 Mave iaiee pean ae ee a ars eat (ee meses 1 5 DVeptaena rhombotdaliss(gichens)- me a. a eeen ee > ho, ie 2.55 lt SO Strophonella punctulifera (Conrad),. ......... eS Alea erell oe clare ers stetnlall ese S;) leavenworthiamaeei@//sem eerie eee AD OOO Rope e eral. oie onan | akan ISS Orthothetes woolworthanus /a//...... Sere tokio ents Beaal|aoeeeelltspegtolty aest ae Orthostropinia\icamadiemsispadn ner reeseneite etre ae ode Peal cles feet (6) Dalmianella: sib eaniimata ww a77 ae teretees sae econ ale aelercue a x Dag discus ae neer Sette’ esec cease Bo donudome a. x x x Bholidopsiowatus) (a7 jere a temteielo t= Oolod Hib 6 ae 8 x Dictyonem~aspllemdensy S/77icy eases ate ey ee eee x SGN Migtoid olla. dix x 7M ASS Sohne MIMS? Jal. Aba onooeonne 8 ? Favosites helderbergiae Hal/..... Giacctotoroi.b ora.co.co% Kr AA pea lake Oa F. cf. gaspensis Lamée..... WOauiaenobo Sbb6 waanas rK | NINA CO Wat ODO GOOD Oh) Seok Obe ¢ uh Boba ec Dons x8 Spirophyton cf. cauda-galli Vanuxem........+.... i Se eS PON SM 2s) The correlation value of this fauna is apparent:|—— The assemblages of species at Cape Rosier Covel 4/8 and Griffon Cove river have seven forms in common; the entire fauna as known is consti- tuted of 50 (48) species, of which about one fifth pass into the Grande Gréve fauna while one half of the species are present in the Helder- bergian fauna of New York with suggestions of alliance in others. An Oriskany representation is also present in the fauna but it is rather slight and expressed by species which pass upward into the Grande Gréve limestone. Cape Bon Ami beds LOGAN’S DIVISIONS 3, 4, 5, 6 (?) This division of the Gaspé limestones embraces all that Logan included in his divisions beginning with no. 3 at the base and running to no. 6. It is not quite clear to us just how the division 6 is to be delimited on strati- graphic grounds but I may observe that the grass-green arenaceous lime- ca EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 37 stone which Logan refers to the upper part of his no. 7 is conspicuous at Shiphead, part way down the declivity to the coulée. This coulée at Shiphead, from the reading of Logan’s description given above where he states that the summit beds of no. 6 slope down into a_ valley which divides the hills of the prom- ontory into a double range, would appear to have been as- sumed as_ the dividing line be- | tween 6 and 7. “The Quay,” Cape Rosier cove This division line seems to us quite conventional and the lower beds of the Grande Gréve formation with Chonetes canadensis and other characteristic species of this formation rise beyond the coulée eastward into the summit beds of the ridge forming Cape Gaspé. The Cape Bon Ami beds afford only ver- tical exposures in sheer cliffs facing the sea, their landward slopes being both heavily wooded and covered by overlying beds; hence we know but few fossils from them. Billings spoke of them as passage beds, yet they are fully 1000 feet thick and will sometime produce more complete evidence of the life of this period. Fauna of the Cape Bon Ami beds Logan’s lists again cite species which are unknown to us from these beds and as these identifications have not been verified in Billings’s later description of the fauna we can not safely take account of them. Thus Leptocoelia flabellites is cited from divisions 4 and 5 but no 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM mention is made of these horizons in Billings’s final tale of species. In these preliminary lists the following were given : Pterygotus ; Leptocoelia flabellites Phacops _ L. concava Orthoceras Strophomena rhomboidalis Conularia ' — Chonetes Lucina Discina Spirifer crispatus _ : Lingula | So far as our observations extend, the fauna is as follows: Cordania gasepiou xov. — Orbiculoidea bella (Billings) Poleumita princessa (&7//ings) _ Lingula artemis Bidlings Platyceras cf. unguiforme Hall ~ ~L. lucretia Billings Kionoceras cf. rhysum ov. _ Duncanella cf. rudis Girty Modiomorpha varia (Bi//ings) Hindia fibrosa (Roemer) Leptaena rhomboidalis ( Wilckens) | These species have largely been derived from the Quay, an extension of the cliff which borders Cape Rosier cove and they are for the most part diminutive forms. The little and feeble assemblage is in marked contrast to the outburst of species in the formation above. 3 ee tnd iat ebaos a” ishaim the fauna at Dalhousie, N. B., subsequently considered. Duncanella rudis, iepe taena rhomboidalis, Platy ceras Une mf ovemme Cape Bon Ami; elevation 700 feet are species of the Helderberg- jan, and Cordania gasepiou is anpiie Grande Gréve fauna. ~ The same view with the cliffs much reduced in scale, showing the change which would be produced by an elevation of the land to the so fathom line. Distance from Cape Bon Ami to the old shore line, 8 miles EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 39 _ Grande Greve limestones This series of strata is divisible as follows in descending order : 3 Pure gray blue limestones without chert 2 Impure gray limestones with chert y Drab hydraulic limestones with pure,. heavy-bedded limestones above. ‘at 4 1 We conceive the lowest beds of this series to be represented by drab and yellowish sandy hydraulic limestones in thin, irregular plates and carry- ing rare layers and nodules of chert. These beds are exposed along the bed of Dolbel brook at eee te : Grande Gréve and at the bottom of the coulée at Shiphead. © At the latter point they lie below the = very characteristic Section across the Forillon at Grande Greve and the Kings road to Cape Rosier cove. ' Elevation of Mt St Alban 1170 feet Dolbels Brook green layers’ which Logan makes the summit beds of his division 7, In these hydraulic layers is the first well defined exemplification of the fauna of the Grande Gréve series. Specially abundant is Chonetes canadensis, covering entire slabs’ of the rock; Leptostrophiairene and L. magnifica are also very common. The overlying purer limestones free from or with little chert carry Hipparionyx proximus, Rhipidomella muscu- Pe Sic, KK. logani, Megalanteris thunei, Camarotoechia plio- pleura, all in abundance and affording a very striking combination. With them is the remarkable trilobite Gaspelichas gran degrevensis., For the most part these beds are buried under the* higher strata and it is only along Dolbel brook that exposures are well shown above the dolo- mitic layers beneath. | On the shore at Lehuquet’s cove east of the Grande Gréve these purer limestones appear in force, attaining a thickness of 50 feet. Here they present the chocolate brown color characteristic of some of the purer layers 40 _ NEW YORK STATE “MUSEUM of the Onondaga limestone of New York and in their lithic and stratic features are very suggestive of that rock. At this locality fossils are pro- fuse, especially Rensselaeria ovoides var. gaspensis, Camaro- tocchia plop! euray Piior etus phiocion, ~Phacopes logani. The combined thick- ness of the two parts of this divi- sion is about 100 feet. 2 The chert-bearing, impure limestones constitute most of the exposures to be found on the is thin. So abundant is the chert that by differential weathering it has been left standing out on all exposed surfaces, the rock presenting an altogether similar aspect to the cherty layers of the Onondaga limestone. The rock has been permeated by silicious matter to such a degree that it passes into “rotten stone” after extraction of the lime. Excellent outcrops of these layers are seen at the foot of the King’s road and up this road over the slopes to the west. Stripping of the soil in the hunt for silver-lead veins in recent years has exposed the strata at several spots along the highway below and above Grande ‘Greve. Fossils do not abound in all layers, but they are extremely abundant in some and these are the chief repository of the fauna of the formation. Eatonia pecu- liaris constitutes entire layers, Sipititer ve yc lop temmssonspuierae tus, S. murchisoni, Dalmanites dolbeli, Deesmoutn Licehas bellamicus, Conularia lata, are characteristic and abundant species. Hippariony x proxdalms, | hal pmcdiommell amr s cue losa, R. logani, Megalanteris thuniey and @hometes cana densis, the index species of the lowest beds, have not been observed at this horizon. It is not easy to estimate the thickness of these beds, I should EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 4I . include with them the grass-green shale of Shiphead, with Dalmanites dolbeli at the top of Logan’s division 7 and from the base of these to the base of the chert beds on Shiphead is about 300 feet. Above are 75 to 100 feet of chert-bearing rocks on which the lighthouse stands, making an approximate total of 400 Shiphead feet, The beds of our ‘division 3, if ever present Cape Gaspe* cf) Lighthouse at the cape, have been sheared away. 3 The beds of this division are gray-blue lime- Sea Stones, free of chert, and Scction across the Forillon at end of Cape Gaspé; St Lawrence river at the north (right), Gaspé bay at the south. Elevation 690 feet. The figures represent are exposed along the Logan's divisions, of which 8, 7 and perhaps part of 6 are embraced within the FF s Grande Greve li taacearieittie (Gaspé where they are overlain by the Gaspé sandstones. They contain pretty much the same fauna as the beds immediately beneath, though Chonetes melonicus has, in a single instance only, been met with at any other horizon. Logan has tegarded the contact of limestone and sandstone at Little Gaspé an unconformity and in this case these beds may not represent the true summit of the series as they are absent from Grande Greve to Shiphead, but it is quite likely that their absence is due to shearing away. They are apparently about 50 feet thick. Our estimate of the probable thickness of these strata, 550 feet, falls notably below that of Logan, 800 feet, but in our judgment some portion of the series has been lost at the top and it is quite possible that the Original thickness fully equaled that ascribed to it by Logan. Dip. The inclination of the limestones on the Forillon is practically uniform and the lower beds are conformable herein with the upper. The degree and direction of dip was given by Logan as southwest < 24°. This dip is qualified by local displacements of slight extent along joint faces entering the cliffs at large angles to the strike and along these lines are veins of calcite and barite mingled with a fault breccia and carrying 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM small quantities of galena. For nearly 250 years these little silver-lead deposits have been periodically exploited and more money has been expended on them than has been or can ever be taken out. » The veins may be seen at Little (Gaspe, “at Grande, (Greve sot George’s cove, Indian cove and elsewhere. The general southward slope of the hills of the Forillon from the high crests on the north coast is almost an expression of the true dip, deviating therefrom as the orig- inal surface contours have been modified by wear. The hillside slopes are steep but are for the most part less than 24°. The dip of the Grande Gréve limestones, south shore of Forillon near Little Gaspe - The succession of the strata as expressed on the Forillon is continued inland to the upper reaches of the Dart- ~ 3 mouth river but there is no place where The dip of the Grande Grave limestones along the south. the series can be found displayed to such shore of the Forillon from Little Gaspe west 2 a ee 5 advantage as in the original: and typical section. At Peninsula opposite Gaspé Basin, by following the brook there transecting the strip of sandstones in the foreland one encounters behind them the chert-bearing limestones. This section, however, does not extend far into the limestone deposits. Fauna of the Grande Greve limestones It is quite noticeable that the species of this fauna are of ‘restricted upward range. Future study may demonstrate a more refined subdivision of the rock series on the basis of such range of the species. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES ‘3 DIVISIONS Annelids SMS SCC HTN PMU AGUS TLE Bll «tale eieinie iss ciclereilvielsia(eieie's oiclsecloKoiveceine visise eee oes Tee are es te Ts COUISE ME telat cpote ecere or lae elogelss Vieolassieers. cyeceins tawtineeeseeccaleaue SMEPE BCE SCOR AGUS PAP UMs aahia cin Alelictcietsieicle'<) ex) <(cuarvie. dies se Felbse ple wis ele os ae en a RaR ERGO SMe A SMELLS PIP e ce nies eat fs adc Re’ 61 eyo, 00a! evejeieyel so). ue o00 dha eiee eons oe o's ae perpulites... 2.056) 5 Laci alecherh ANS She ns iy pO EPO ERS Melegs iat Shien td ate tp eee Trilobites Phacops logani Hal/ gaspensis 200... 1... 06sec eee cece eee eee e eens paral hho Dalmanites micrurus (Green).......... Slator Biot cits Oa ENR NGAS OR DAL C-CE RC RERCE Ea x RIMM REPEAT! OI T Ve a Seias ieee Oi oF ele'e Llbfeln.n, @'e dco 2,0 dla eixie’eids vb ele S ene ee I eRe reve a, of el so) ee) a's yse's, Aad ies wie baled Puen s 8:08 So's sien caleues [SO Se a ie eae tecettayer stevens fardicl al ai Ceara Nast Gites fee! ora. e. ot ers oe 0 tis JSG SS Ee eee or BL MMA on AT. Naser leur os ee MRAGMANES EIA ai ie = once» oc se nee vee mee ee hese tens teeteeruasenetes eee AU I le nle win sels vaio eva oes MOS choke PICS erg noc a ae ke ee Spee D. phacoptyx Hall GNA CLARE. oso 0s» Sc ciieeiqunlop yor Cc CARRIE SICRC AER ae Probolium esnoufi 7ov............0.54. Bids ei Moen RIS ea SERS eae iG ee Proetus phocion Billings........... eeepc ttn Kc epickter BROLIN aycinte wag store hs dies SRGMIIMMAPDECKAECENSIS COAFHC Wetec cscs sce teeta sins cee asses eferetagnereesy stn oe TN ee ele eY re as fool o din ler bow ol sie) + 0) eens ke we ho vs depes 20 US ee we ws Cog ag MESES 22.702 oles Sole Gk SSS aye, Gaspelichas forillonia mov......... Sctat rete te rere tafe Manton sev ebey one's trig Shas sd anene 3 Geratpcepiiala TOMNIA 2a0 iis. 65... is ok ee Pedersen ce ocho saat abe fey ale Bhs Entomostraca Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy cf. acadica iire® 02 SCC.C CLNIBIOIE nL ORUOWS Ce ELS Ree Oe Bete SVEMOGYPIIS SHOOT 3. esc nin as tse 80 36.5.5 GSO Eig PO IOI Cnt eae. meee seal Aparchites sf....... saou ued Ch gc 56b6 Ganon: OIC Cee ERe TC ene sr eee | Cephalopods MeMSMOCEIAS TAYVSUM 700.0 «ais ss'c sess ees state dette taisiveeiate) Store SPA aa staeeen caer ee ee neh DIANA IUNUE 20? wine oo aio s\cla\ec clea vats sceecs cote obhegetod ey ePastotoe ates Hae ae ROEM CEAS eile vs conse s 602 ss 1 De phonditees Meee where Sete tee ctatettay mies Sa tiers pc hele Urerte RRMA Sera aie whe aaa) 0 6 o/uis via iv. sere vise SiGaraolntcNeta srm\Gierainiwyd «eres ster sie tis cle « Pteropods EPVOIEMUS TICHAPGL 700. occ elec ev ee sass ees Seater etalac minty tees aha ets oi) s : PA ORYS | 100 shee ino. 3 vis nA AOS Hoooduoon boc odGcoer Hellet ost ciallers ie(eneters; cieisy-f|faverets PR a MREEAA NRT ela tot aoe s)c's soc w/s's es alsicsisei bese dees asseaciveeccilscets Veo SORT IG Bui 20 A Pere Mee Nea ee 5. ehxi Maets pias vile) Aye AARC Mths vais be 2 do Pete arstate omesnchgs winter iste Avs uloisin ak os erat a nm A pal Reh ed ep eee Bae ms PM a 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES (contznued ) DIVISIONS Gastropods Platyiceras c/s fomnicatum 1/0 enarstertstrer tele eens eres PS ee tears cant are Oe Ks Je, ielronmyuulliieint 77g, sooo oneccus6 alo Rist ahevishs 7a Tovehatss atel teeaone Mice ty eaten srovenetatcie fliers x Pej modosmmy(Co77.ad n GC) ° o < a a won Os = z ® p o & Sta) se a 5 8 5 ne | 98 a Bo ee hs a= =o iS} ic} =} S ® Breil) ee = * a sai os — | | - ® o =f st Bs saad HAguD 2 s ee ANVUASIUO NVIONAGNAGTAH aaNVUD Resk ‘ ; } } auyje—, ‘AIIQUIPI—=x pelapisuos speqiuy uog odea SPagemea eas eee ects as: eee estes ee retttereeesees 9A oo.) soStSiIoso Tod pronsiesSiestians toleh ETA AE o teeeeeeeeeee "s rMOT ‘2 9 ‘H xh;dooeyd ) "> E-Isoavagiya * veeeeeee ess srraqqop * ‘77077 Suyeursiewuo * “°° * uwaa4) SNINIIIUI * veeeee eet ees esntxoa . ayayayeyeyeyayeyeye} eects ercer cee *"luoyias so}lUeUTeEq 9¥4D]) LOVeTIIIOI (e[[apidoovyg) “g ****stsuodses *vv2 1ueso] sdoovyg BRIN I RIL 17) 3 6 1UBSOT sdooeyg 82429024 DODO G0 OOO OMI EOQO COAST Kore p ena Sprsayqnan gy pete eeee cesses eeeees strange “y, teers eee t encores mesmiborapoal “L. ***** "p77 SNYVBUOTA SozI[NIv}UA J, seees* rT SNye[NSUID SazI[NUIOD sees a7 477 I1ayoeeq SNJapoyny He 6 eee oe SNUTISSIIB] stqiorids wh eeeee rece seen le sayimdsag *-saavaiy yy stsuadses sayruyotsy spyauup **** agsayuvT wwosmep sidse[eydag vente e eee eel eee eesnuyuBoBUay) ‘| Aeadagnraay SNYBITNS SNYIUBIVIIBYORIY S2YSLT ulasJay Sa1dads IU0AIG Yj Jo BIJOWIY UII}SEI JO SUOIZAI UL VOI}NGIIySIP BY} JO JUIUID}e}S JEINGe FL or — NEW YORK STATE. 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FN09G05 Da SoMnUNE ANT eared re x elias istepeverd ET Wwosi1ayyed -s ; senses Soe rer ersou vartoposidome : x Sai perathe sein gesia76) snfew uo1ddyorig 5 6000009 x rset reese sappy euey so MuUaAvay *S nue’ lKcnedatousiet eked sient x Sees (po 7709) Biazipnjound Ta x sees te wee puclosa eg icnchcey heliesenste shy 7 aren Clune) eG eS oy = By = n 8 w p : ae ie > | s 8 a) i 8 o a a (papnj7uo?) “da “eIIJOWIY U1d}Sea Jo SUOTSaI Ul worjnqis3sip 94} jo quaura}e3s sejnqe 249 EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA , II b-(é ghr) x eee ee Oe CO ee ee Cd i ed ee ee ee ee ee er ee a re ee ers x Cr ee ee ry se aca 77-2 7) -un4 W[es-epnes *f2 uojfydoaids zSz x Wivloleks ICID STOR SSE ES CSSOD ICSE i 1Sz Sung x wee ele ene x Ces SC CCC i cr ary x x Trt seeeeses(ca1us0y )eSOIqYy VIpUly] oSz Copeleceel|eecgeleveeieceviswee x ehelas||\sueiays)|! te wie ee» eelele “s 955+ BpIT[aUuTjOeXeT] 6tz x srrstesestocsssscSumig isauol sayttnovydesay ghz ; sasuogs sr eesssstrroeid snqdevisountyy Ltz ssumpig Suapualds ewauokjoy gbz S301QVAD) | 5 x tees l eee leew eleew eles st oy POO Re oH AMO aE DA OOO BION DUO BOF SS UG) BH OKAlOM EGOS Shz A 5 SOOO IOORICILnILY, viodipnouo jw tbez x Cd es Oe x Te RCI To HORT OCT Ey Patty FO SOR LCI BY ak PI rT “** WNULJUSINGT “ADA YVFT P1B[NIYUIT WNAJIpornslg Evz X [sc e-soe7 sisuedsed Yo 7 abe x sere] secleeee| yo feces[oeee x rees|eeesloscss 77p77 aeisiaqiap[ay Seyisoaey bz x rreeleses)s 99 sSummeg iiMauias vaiysesdiyjiyg obz x fore cle reeds wee eee ele eel sr rteresererr © “ey ipreunys “7 6€z 29D DODSOSONV Tsp Koy aeeniniey 77 (24S SE ADOOO ON i pitep sana (ony as Vee x reelesss| sess esSumig eyipuoout styusiydez o€z x see Cs eC ee oe CeCe eC cr x se eale we weee "41H SUpN1 fo e{jauvoun(y ccz | SJD40D Pees eee) ewelene Cn Oe ee er Pes ee acer ary F ¥ . x wow ele wee x aiiwiene x * ser eee es sTITTLAUTBG Bl[atepeyy P&z 2 geste "== srodojoiis £&z x sesh ilicicie siecle sis ss nue OYOASd gelodklod eos x see es Cs ee ee icy Cee ee ee ee ee x foie feilin ain s)|/< cic nie eieisie © -\-p rr BAB] 2) Bl[[oIsouen 1¢z SUDOZOAAT tees eeereceserseeessiggn BUISSO[D Of > - seealeceslereeereeereeececereesseungdiia “T bzz | X [rcec[ereceeseteeeees SS Biyasony “] gzz “ eee wee wees UH Byeyjeds “ry Lzz oleae ties SO uI7ig SUUDILe -y OLS "88 "vFT Vlayelijoeal Bpusury] Szz ai]pslave sie tetavalaie ehetensiuce ~veieisinistsivirmnele 475 tzz xX [otters rte ese eens (sSuyjrg) BI[aq ‘O €zz DIG OT ICE SOG OOTY whi (ohieun FE) oho) eich ord 4 ’ ate bein SITeNIOsay “yi Ler ttt sssspry snyeao sdoptoyd oz + *SISUdAaISapuvis { vpjaruvsy 612 ~* x eee n* “ x KKK ~ RRA 250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Summary. On earlier pages we have indicated the relations of these Gaspé faunas to each other and to those of other regions. These may be briefly restated : The St Alban beds present a congeries of 51 species of which fully one half occurs in the typical Helderbergian faunas (Coeymans and New Scotland) to the southwest. _This very large community of species is evi- dence of an open and free passage between the Gaspé basin and the New York embayment of the Mississippian sea (Appalachian gulf). On a later occasion we shall have means of pointing out in detail a very like commu- nity of species in the Dalhousie beds of New Brunswick and the Helder- berg of New York, but singularly, in the two cases, this agreement is based on quite distinctive associations of species. There is not much in common between the St Alban and the Dalhousie faunas, but between each of these and the Helderberg fauna there is harmony in certain faunal associations suggesting that the open channel of this date southwestward included the Dalhousie region also; that intimate commingling of the peculiar Dal- housie and St Alban associations was prevented by a barrier of some kind and, further, that dispersion was from the breeding ground of Gaspé, southwestward, to where the several associations combined into one. The more profuse fauna of the Grande Greve limestones, rising to about 150 recorded species, has a less proportion of community with the Helderbergian but still a substantial number of species (21 identities and 14 close affines). With the Oriskany there is a larger community of species (39 identities and 13 affines) and so commanding is this percentage and the composition of the congeries itself, consisting as it does of the most typical species of the Oriskany, that it compels this inference: The development of this Oriskany fauna was synchronous with the prevalence of the Helder- bergian fauna in this region and the differentiation of the two faunal elements which we commonly recognize in the Appalachian regions as Hel- derberg and Oriskany, was subsequent in date to the development of the combined faunas together in Gaspé. Thus again we have evidence that the EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 2151 Gaspé basin was a center of dispersion of these two faunas and that the direction of this dispersion so far as the facts now indicate was still toward the southwest. The Gaspé sandstone presents a very different condition. In this fauna of about 50 species so far as registered, one seventh to one sixth are survivors of the Oriskany element in the Grande Greve limestones. With the Hamilton faunas from the calcareous shales of the Skaneateles, Moscow and Ludlowville formations of New York, this Gaspé sandstone fauna presents a predominant agreement, having 16 identities and 6 affines, or approach- ing fifty per cent of the fauna. This very interesting condition seems to indicate an invasion of the later fauna from the west, while the earlier Oriskany-Helderberg fauna was still occupying the ground. The interval represented in the Appalachian gulf by the deposition of the Schoharie grit and Onondaga limestone and other closely allied faunas is not differentiated in Gaspé but there is a positive forecast of this fauna among the Grande Gréve fossils. Thus there are here 13 identities and 12 faunas with Onon- daga species. The Onondaga fauna therefore is here one of the undiffer- entiated elements of the autochthonous Grande Greve fauna. Several of its members bear distinctive marks of primitive structural condition to be per- fected only in the later stage of differentiation when the fully matured Onondaga fauna held its place in the orderly and refined succession in the New York field. The evidence is thus fairly cumulative that the Gaspé basin was an area of rapid evolution during the early Devonic and a center of dispersion from which the lines of immigration departed westward. We can not now say that they did not also lead thence eastward. In a later Devonic stage this basin was the recipient of migrants from the west. The course of migration into and out of the interior Appalachian waters was along a sea- way which can not yet be traced step by step, but evidently parallel to the Appalachian folds. There seems now a fair presumption of a continuous connection between the Gaspé basinand the east by way of the Connecticut 252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM trough into eastern New York. The tangible evidence for this connection will be set forth more fully hereafter: The Gaspé Eodevonic basin extended from the Canadian Archean shield at the north to the limit of the Dalhousie beds on the south and contracted in’ the middle Devonic. Apparently there was no free and open conection between it and the parallel contemporaneous embayments at the south in which the Chapman aa ~Moose river See Sous of Maine were set down. Jaq 9y2 WB uoURD odeD pur TTOf II ! YINOS oy} Wor ‘Y90y{ 9019 T JO MOTA 6 10WDy uinesnyl 2383S YIOA MON EXPLANATION OF PLATES This work has been long on the press on account of the difficulties attending the execution of the lithographic plates. The differences apparent in the quality and tint of the papers used have, in the face of these obstacles, been unavoidable. The lithographic drawing, however, has been executed by the best artists obtainable and is wholly satisfactory. 253 PLATE 1 Lichas (Gaspelichas) forillonia nov. (See plates 2, 3) Page 137 1,2, Two views of a large cranidium with outline restoration in figure 1 of the details of the free,cheeks; showing the three pairs of heavy curved spines on the glabella, the single shorter pair on the lateral lobes, the median and broad stout curved pair cn the occipital ring with a single long and slender pair at the sides. Grande Greve limestone. Extracted from the compact dolomites of the Forillon on Dolbel brook at the base of the series and partially restored 254 TRILOBITES Memoir 9. N. Y State Museum Plate 1 we ee s a ————_——— = = | ~ ===: = ~ = ——— ——— eC Rarientin del ae S.Barkentin del B. Meisel Lith PLATE 2 Lichas (Gaspelichas) forillonia nov. (See plates 1, 3) Page 137 2 Two views of a smaller cranidium . Grande Grivve limestone, from the weathered cherty beds of the second or middle division. Grande Gréve 3. Side view of the specimen shown on plate 1 256 TRILOBITES Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum Plate 2. fiers | - G. S.Barkentin del B. Meisel lith. 5 vi ieee De Ls 1 * ’ MOD | iE Ae Any A . : ; PE e~ \y) / re: os le an sen ' he ‘ o were ~, ait os ‘ -¢ ' ) Pee Das in HIT” Or OC? Wen ee PLATE 3 Lichas (Gaspelichas) forillonia nov. (See plates 1, 2) Page 137 1 A specimen of the cranidium embedded in the rock and so far as exposed showing but two pairs of glabellar spines Grande Greve limestone, division 1. Dolbel brook 2 A portion of the free cheek, doubtfully referred to this species Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve 3,4 Views of what is regarded as a free cheek, figure 3 showing the genal spine extended, figure 4 that spine foreshortened and the spine just outside and below the eye in its erect posture Lichas bellamicus nov. Page 137 5 An hypostoma referred to this species Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Indian Cove 6 Cranidium. x1¥% An incomplete pygidium 8 Portion of a spinose cranidium, possibly representing this species Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Ceratocephala robinia nov. Page 140 9,10 Twocranidia. x 3 . Grande Greve limestone. Dolbel brook and Grande Greve 11 An incomplete individual. From a specimen in the Redpath Museum, McGill University Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Grande Greve 258 TRILOBITES Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum B. Meisel lith. G. S.Barkentin del. PLATE 4 Dalmanites perceensis nov. (See plate 5) z ( ite Page 126 = 1,2 Incomplete cranidia of large individuals “s A large, incomplete pygidium, showing the degree of sei and the sparsely nodose ribs Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 260 Memoir 9. N. ¥ State etaeetia: G. S.Barkentin del. TRILOBITES B. Meisel lith. PLATE 5 : Dalmanites (Probolium) tridens Halle Page 129 1 An entire and undistorted cephalon with shovel-shaped, slighty: trif : Pa snout bes New Scotland beds. Clarksville, N. Y. Collected by the late Prof. C. E. Beecher, 1887, (while a ‘member on the State Museum staff) and now in the Yale University Museum Dalmanites perceensis nov. (See plate 4) Page 126 2 An entire pygidium with clearly defined sulcate ribs, coarse and irregu- larly scattered nodes on the sides and regularly paired nodes along the axis . 3 Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 262 TRILOBITES | | G. S. Barkentin del, B. Meisel lith. 1 2 3 4 8 Il 12 PLATE 6 Dalmanites (Probolium) biardi nov. Page x29 A small head showing the general proportions and the marginal — undulations, the snout being lost a Portion of a smaller head with surface markings. x 3 Cast of doublure showing the trifid snout with Pe on the sides An enlargement of the snout. x 2 5-7, 9, 10 Pygidia showing the character of the ribs, duplicate on the : i ve exterior, simple on the cast, and the form and size of the tail spine A rather large cephalon, mostly excoriated and with the central branch > of the snout broken off J The cephalic doublure A cephalon retaining the snout and showing the marginal crenulations Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 264 TRILOBITES Plate 6 Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum. Wiz ({(((( Wea KS SN B. Meise] lith. L G. S Barkentin del. fa ee iS) [Oo PLATE 7 Dalmanites coxius nov. Page 103 The original specimen, a pygidium with flat ribs which on the pleurae are very finely sulcate ; St Alban beds. ‘‘ Between Cape Gaspé and Cape Rosier.” (National Museum) Dailmanites emarginatus Hall Page 127 Part of one pygidial pleura, showing the style of ornament. x 2 An entire pygidium showing the reentrant curve at the caudal extremity Grande Greve limestone; cherty beds of division 2. Grande Gréve to Little Gaspé Dalmanites griffoni nov. (See plate 9, figure 4) Page 103 A pygidium showing ornament and segmentation. x 2 St Alban beds. Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river Dalmanites phacoptyx Hall & Clarke ; Page 123 Part of a pygidium A portion of a cephalon retaining the eye and showing the character of the surface The visual surface of the same in normally erect profile. x 2 A pygidium somewhat distorted by axial compression Incomplete internal cast of the pygidium with Spirorbis latisst mus attached An entire, somewhat worn pygidium Grande Greve limestone; divisions 2 and 3. Vicinity of Grande Gréve 266 S ‘ 4 4 TRILOBITE Plate 7. Memoir 9. N. Y State Museum Ge S Barkentin del. B. Meisel Litt on -& ow Owe Tey 02 PLATE 8 Dalmanites dolbeli nov. DAES aan Internal cast of a normal cephalon, short, with short genal angles and crenulated frontal margin Internal cast of a less complete specimen Thorax and pygidium Internal cast of the cephalon External surface of the glabella and eyes showing the actual coales, cence of the first and second lobes on the exterior (Synphoria condition) in contrast to the strongly lobed internal cast Pygidia of the species, figure 7 preserving the crust and showing the fine lineate sulcus on the pleural ribs Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Outcrops about Grande Gréve, Indian Cove and Shiphead Dalmanites gaveyi nov. ; Page 128 A cephalon showing the slight frontal projection, the lobation of the glabella’and short genal angles Cephalon with portion of the thorax Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Near Grande Gréve Dalmanites micrurus ? Page 120 Pygidia referred with hesitation to this species and possibly pertain- ing to the cephalon represented on the following plate [fig. 1, 3] Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Lehuquet’s Cove, Grande Greve Dalmanites whiteavesi nov. Pace aes Pygidia with slender terete caudal spines Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve 268 TRILOBITES Plate 8. Memoir 9. N. Y State Museum ~ B Meisel lith, G.S Barkentin del ¥ ft eh? Sore hi Ny 1,3 PLATE 9 Dalmanites micrurus (Green) (See plate 8) Page 120 Two more or less complete cephala showing the character of the surface and the smooth flat border Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Lehuquet’s Cove, Grande Greve An entire cephalon of a typical specimen from the original locality Coeymans limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. Dalmanites griffoni nov. (See plate 7) Page 103 A cephalon with the frontal process restored in accordance with the outline as indicated in the matrix St Alban beds. Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river Dalmanites (Probolium) esnoufi nov. Page 130 Cephalon with bifurcate snout Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Dalmanites lowi nov. Page 122 An imperfect pygidium Enlargement x 2 of a portion of the pleura showing the strongly sulcate ribs A pygidium essentially complete Grande Greve limestone ,; division 2. Grande Greve and vicinity Cordania gasepiou nov. ae Page 136 The cranidium. x 2 An entire individual. x 3 Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Lehuquet’s Cove 270 Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum .S ee G. S. Barkentin del. TRILOBITES Plate 9. B. Meisel lith Cordania becraftensis Clarke Pape 126 11 The greater part of the cranidium. x 2 Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Bronteus barrandii Hall Page 104 12,13 A pygidium, natural size (12) and x 3 (13) St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Proetus phocion Billings ah) . Page 135 14 The original specimen 5 An enrolled specimen from the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, previously figured in Palacontology of New York, v. 7, pl. 25; fig. 10 16 A large pygidium Grande Grieve limestone; division 2. Vicinity of Grande Gréve Bythocypris nov. Page r4r 17-19 A worn left valve and two right valves retaining the sculpture. x10 Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve 271 PLATE ro Phacops logani (Hall) Clarke Page 118 1-4 Small cephala with spinules at the genal angles 7,8 Pygidia enlangedi yaa e eon. An enrolled individual viewed in profile. x 2 Ne) Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Phacops logani Hall var. gaspensis nov. Page 119 5 Asmall pygidium. x 2 6 A large pygidium 10 A group of individuals preserved as internal casts on chert and showing the rows of tubercles along the dorsal furrows 11-13 Three views of a large coarsely tubercled cephalon having the character of Phalco ps bom\biiroms imal 14,15 Iwo views of a similar specimen Grande Greve limestone. Various outcrops along the Forillon 16 Thorax and pygidium St Alban beds. Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river Phacops (Phacopidella) correlator Clarke Page 226 LZ Ee xtenor on an entine cep lal One ns 18 Internal cast of a cephalon with the margin cut away to show doublure. so8 Gaspé sandstone, Gaspé Basin 272 TRILOBITES Plate 10. Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum. Wittig, 18 B. Meisel lith. G. S.Barkentin del. } hy Ne) a ia any wa PUAN AA fy 7 A i ‘ IO Il I2 PLATE 11 Autodetus beecheri Clarke Page 117 Views of two internal casts. x 4 Grande Grieve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Spirorbis latissimus nov. Page 117 Two individuals attached to Kionoceras rhysum. x Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Cornulites cingulatus Hall Page 117 An internal cast. x 3 Grande Grieve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Conularia lata Hall mut. Page 144 Ife) The tip of a specimen showing septum and the callus which may result HiCONON WOIEWOIM, | 3x Z ithe suntaceeane A large specimen, one of a cluster Two small individuals from a group of several Grande Greve limestone. Figure 6 from Grande Greve, between Grande Greve and Little Gaspé, beds of division 2. 7, 8 from Little Gaspé, division 3 Conularia penouili nov. Page 144 A somewhat incomplete specimen The surface of the same enlarged Grande Greve limestone. Loose in brook at Peninsula Conularia cf. desiderata Hall Page i44 A fragment having the characters of this species Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Grande Greve 27A - figure 9 Figures ANNELIDS late.jl. 7 \ P Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum iis btsadtnn Fo re pret yrereesren vey iat ctr tL Te G. $ Barkentin del B. Meise! lith i t . Tait a . ’ o. . ey ori ' a4 > ‘ . ea ce ona i * aaatts ‘a / A » ee art ' t ’ é. FEE Ree = wo gee ce psen’= ‘ : ra et, : . as es ee 88 es pos ht a whe ¥ thy) et ‘ SH al Lyk i es ae , 7 . ‘ ~] ety FA vga ee ete! 4 sha ap a bg! . wei 4 . & any See Py A rAS, = aoe! x, es he 7 + ‘ ? ‘ od We, ‘ . 0 A ‘ ac ft , a A ‘ * PLATE iz : Tentaculites cartieri nov. Page 226 1-3 Uhree specimens enlarzed) 1 and’2% 25) 20a 4 An internal cast of a small individual. x 3 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Tentaculites leclerqius nov. (cf. T. gyracanthus Eaton) Page 117 5 A group of individuals, some of them exfoliated. x 2 6 A portion enlarged to show the difference in size of the annulations. x5 A rather regularly annulated example. x 5 Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Tentaculites elongatus Hall Page 118 A compressed example. x 2 9 Enlargement of the surface. x 10 Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Hyolithus oxys nov. Page 143 10 Dorsal view of specimen. x 1% 11-13 Three views of the one example. x 1% Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Hyolithus richardi nov. Page 143 t4-17 Views of silica replacements showing the differences in sculpture on the two sides and the form of the transverse section Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Hyolithus cf. aclis Hall Page 226 18 Ventral side of aspecimen. x 3 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin. 276 Platele 16 i. ANNELIDS Tritt. “ PTET Memoir 9. N. Y State Museum. feisel lith jaa} PLATE 13 Kionoceras rhysum nov. ; aes Page 142 Parts of small individuals A fragment bearing detached individuals of Spirorbis latissi- mus | (see ply wie ee sel Fragments of large individuals of the same annulated type and believed to belong to this species Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Cyrtoceras albani nov. Page 105 A specimen showing the curvature and expansion of the shell near the aperture A fragment retaining the external markings St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Kionoceras champlaini nov. Page 142 A longicone with equidistant elevated longitudinal ribs and low annulations Grande Greve beds; division 2. Grande Gréve 278 CEPHALOPODS Plate 13 Memoir 9. N. Y State Museum PLATE 14 Platyceras leboutillieri nov. Page 145 1,2 Two views of the same specimen Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 3,4 Asilica replacement _ . Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Grande Gréve Platyceras sp. Page 148 5,6 Dorsal and side views Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Platyceras sp. Page 148 7,16 Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock .Platyceras cf. fornicatum Hall Page 145 8,9 Dorsal and side views Grande Greve limestonz, division 2. Grande Gréve Platyceras cf. nodosum Conrad Page 146 10, 11 Side and dorsal views Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Platyceras lejeunii nov. Page 147 12 Dorsal view showing the spines and sculpture of the surface. x 1% Grande Greve limestone, division 2, Grande Greve Platyceras paxillifer nov. Page 146 13, 14 Two views showing the smooth sparsely spinose surface. x 3 Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Greve 280 GASTROPODS Plate l4. Memoir 9. N.Y State Museum. B Meise} lith G.5.Barkentin del Platyceras gaspense nov. : Page 227 15 Side view, natural size Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Platyceras guesnini nov. ; : Page 147 17,18 Side and ventral views 19 Side of a largely exfoliated specimen Grande Greve limestone. Perce Rock Platyceras (Orthonychia) belli nov. Page 147 20 Small silica replacement. x 2 _21 A larger compressed example Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve Platyceras tortuosum Hall , Page 146 22 Enlargement of sculpture 23-25 Iwo specimens of average size Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 281 PLATE 15 Holopea gaspesia nov. Page 227 1-7 A series illustrating this variable shell; 1 (x 2), showing the normal contour and usual style of surface; 2:(x 3), 3 and 5 (x 2), com- pressed shells with coarser or fasciculated striae near the sutures; 4 and 7 (x 2), specimens with evidences of a peripheral band too strongly indicated in the drawings and probably not of the nature of a slit band; 6 (x 3), a shell in which the finer concentric lines are lost Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Callonema cf. bellatulum Hall te Page oe 8 A specimen with depressed subangulate whorls and coarse concentric Scullpatine, ums 12 ac Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Holopea wakehami nov. Page 228 9,10 Two specimens showing the smooth exterior and low short spiral. x 3 11 Front view of a somewhat more elongate shell. x 3 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Holopea cf. antiqua Vanuxem Page 148 12-14 Characteristic examples of this shell. x 2 Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Lehuquet’s Cove Strophostylus expansus Hall Bast a3 15,16 Two views of the same specimen Grande Greve limestone, division 2.. Grande Greve 282 GASTROPODS. Memoir 9.N Y. State Museum. Plate 15 G.S.Barkentin del J.B Lyon Co. State Printer Diaphorostoma desmatum Clarke a Page 149 17 An internal cast ro The sculpture, x 5 20,21 An individual showing the surface characters Grande Greve limestone; divisions 1 and 2. Grande Gréve Diaphorostoma sp. Page 149 18 A small shell with coarser sculpture and different contour than the foregoing. xX 2 Grande Greve limestone. Indian Cove Diaphorostoma perceense nov. Page 149 22,22 Two views of an average example showing size, contour and surface ? ’ Grande Grieve limestone. Percé Rock 283 PLATE 16 Eotomaria voltumna (Billings) Page 150 1,2 Billings'sitype\epicz. pl. 5; tee 5, 5a] Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve Eotomaria lydia (Billings) Page 151 3, 4 Billings’s type [[of. czz. pl. 5, fig. 4, 4a] Grande Grive limestone. Indian Cove Trochonema lescarboti nov. Page 152 5 View of the spire showing the excavate upper surface of the whorls Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Eotomaria delia (Billings) Page: rsx 6,7 Billings’s type [of. ct. pl. 5, fig. 3] 8 A smaller specimen 17 A specimen doubtfully referred to this species. x 2 Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve Poleumita princessa (Billings) Page urs 9, 10 Billings’s type [of. czt. p. 59, fig. 29] Cape Bon Ami beds (2) “ Between Cape Gaspé and Cape Rosier” Eotomaria (?) rotula nov. Page x51 it) the sculpture at the meriphenyz ss; 12-14 Views of a typical example. x 2 Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Pleurotomaria sulcomarginata Conrad var. leclercqi Page 228 15, 16 Views showing the contour of the shell and its sculpture. x 2 Gaspé sandstone, Gaspé Basin 284 GASTROPODS Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. = AC Raclas sna ne i: G.s.5arKentin del. J B.Lvon Co. State Printer Pleurotomaria labrosa Hall Page 105 18 Fragment of a large individual restored in outline St Alban beds, Cape Rosier Cove Lophospira bilirata Hall Page 106 19 A nearly entire example. x 2 St Alban beds. Grande Cavée, Griffon Cove river Eotomaria ? 20 Grande Grive limestone. Grande Greve Eotomaria cartieri nov. Page 106 21,22 Two views of a somewhat compressed specimen. x 1% St Alban beds. Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river 285 PLATE -17 Probolaeum ? canadense nov. Page ro5 1,2 Opposite sides of the same specimen inode showing the infolded Nm & WwW 14 anterior margin of the plate St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove * Tropidocyclus rotalinea (Hall) Page 229 De ty Side view showing the lobation and spiral surface lines. x 3 Edge view showing the slit band. x 3 Side view of an imperfect specimen. x 3 Fragment enlarged to show sculpture. x 5 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Tropidocyclus brevilineatus (Conrad) (elem) Page 229 Apertural view of an internal cast showing the degree of lobation. x3 -1i Dorsal views with whorl sections. x 3 Side view showing the character of the surface. x 3 An example with somewhat coarser sculpture lines. x 3 Enlargement of sculpture. x 10 15,16 Dorsal views showing the lines crossing the slit band and also the interrupted revolving lines. x 3 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Bellerophon (Plectonotus ?) gaspensis nov. Page 154 17,18 Dorsal and side views. x 1% Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Euphemus ? quebecensis nov. Page 229 19, 20 Apertural views showing the absence of a slit band. x 2 and x 3 21,22 Side views, showing the spiral sculpture and close umbilicus. x 3 An x2 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin 286 GASTROPODS Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. : Plate 17 G.S.Barkentin del. J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer Bellerophon sp. Page’ 230 23,24 Views of the body and interior whorls of the same specimen, show- ing the character of the ornament. x 2 Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Bellerophon plenus Billings Page 153 25 Dorsal view of the apertural portion of the exterior Grande Greve limestone. -Lehuquet’s Cove 26 A silica replacement of the inner whorls showing the linear spiral sculpture. xX 5 ie eee 27,28 Views of an internal cast showing the explanate aperture. Parts of Orbiculoidea are attached to the specimen . Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve Coelidium egregium (Billings) Page 152 29 Billings’s type [of. ez¢. pl. 5, fig.. 7] 30 One of Billings’s originals. ‘‘ Head of the Falls of the Dartmouth River ” . Coelidium hebe (Billings) Page 153 : 31, 32 Internal casts in the usual condition of preservation of this shell Grande Greve limestone: Grande Gréve 287 PLATE 18 Aviculopecten ? incrassatus nov. Page 155 The original, with broad unequal concentrically lined ribs Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Lehuquet’s Cove Pterinopecten proteus Clarke mztatzonu Page 156 The two valves in articulation A left valve Grande Grive limestone. Grande Gréve and Indian Cove Aviculopecten sp. The interior of a right valve, probably not of the same species as the others Internal cast of a left valve Exterior of a right valve Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Pterinea textilis arenaria (Hall) A nearly complete and finely preserved individual, drawn to show the characters of the exterior which have not before been correctly represented Oriskany sandstone. Schoharie, N. Y. ; 288 PELECYPODS Plate 18 Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. Fo one ALLELE L PEAS J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer G.S.Barkentin del. PLATE 19 Actinopteria textilis (Hall) : Page 156 1 A small example i) Enlargement of the surface 3. An incomplete mature individual Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Aviculopecten jumeaui nov. Page 154 4,5 Left valves showing the character of the exterior, the differences in outline being due to incomplete preservation of the latter Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Actinopteria (Pterinea) fronsacia nov. Page 230 6 The external surface and sculpture of the left valve Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Pterinea ? 7 a lett walive Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Actinopteria communis (Hall) Page 155 8 ) fausta Clarke Page 164 5-7 Specimens showing the general characters of the shell Grande Greve limestone; division 2. Grande Gréve ’ Cryptonella (?) ellsi nov. Page 163 8-10 Views of a specimen showing the sloping prominent ventral umbo shoulders and broad pallial region. x 1% Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Rensselaeria ovoides Eaton var. gaspensis nov. (See plate 26) Pages 164, 234 11 A small ventral valve 12 Profile of the ventral umbonal region with spondylium and supporting Seiki, C7 13 Enlarged view of the dorsal hinge showing the crural plates. x 3 14 Sculpture cast of a small ventral valve with radial lines 15 Dorsal view of small finely striate example 16,17 Average adult examples 18 Internal cast of a ventral valve 19, 20 Other usual expressions of the shell 21 A broadly oval, somewhat flattened specimen 22 .An elongate and narrow mature individual 302 Memoir 9.N.Y. State Museum. BRACHIOPODS e from the Grande ee lime- U et's Cove, Indian Cove and PLATE 26 o Rensselaeria ovoides Eaton var. gaspensis nov. (See plate 25) Pages 164, 234 1 Cast of small elongate dorsal valve Cast of ventral valve i) ios) Ventral valve so broken as to show the spondylium Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin Profile of conjoined valves 5 An extremely elongate and narrow shell Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Rensselaeria sp. ? Page 166 6,7 Dorsal and ventral valves with coarse plications Grande Greve limestone, division 1. Grande Gréve Megalanteris thunei nov. (See plate 27) Page 168 8 Ventral valve preserving only a portion of the shell 9 Arather coarsely plicated dorsal valve regarded as questionably per- taining to this species 10, 11. Interior of the hinge portion of dorsal valves showing the character of the hinge plate Grande Greve limestone, divisions 1 and 2. Grande Greve 13. Opposite sides of a characteristic example Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Beachia amplexa nov. Page 166 14-16 Three views of a typical example 17 Cast of ventral valve Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 304 BRACHIOPODS Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. Plate 26. G.S.Barkentin del. J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer a i at (oe hi Ni * : nag i a i ‘ ' . re r; 1a PLATE 27 Megalanteris ovalis Hall Page 167 1-3 Three views of a selicified replacement showing the exterior characters Interior of a ventral valve giving details of internal structure A silica replacement showing the structure of the brachidium on B 6 Interior of a dorsal valve Oriskany limestone. Glenerie, N. Y. Megalanteris thunei nov. (See plate 26) Page 168 7 Internal cast of the ventral valve 8,9 Parts of dorsal valves to show the structure of the hinge plate. Oe 2 10 Interior of the umbonal portion of the ventral valve 11,12. Umbonal and profile views of conjoined valves enlarged to 1% diameters to show the introversion of the margins 13 Dorsal view of a specimen which like most of the others has lost its superficial radial lines 14 Umbonal view of a specimen with very strongly inbent margins 15 Dorsal view of a shell with fine radial surface lines Grande Greve limestone, divisions 1 and 2, Various localities along the shore of the Forillon 306 BRACHIOPODS r 10 ye F j i” PLATE 28 Camarotoechia semiplicata (Conrad) Page 108 1 Worsalnnierw: seas St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Camarotoechia dryope (Billings) Page 170 5 2 Ventral view of.a shell provisionally referred to this species Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Uncinulus mutabilis Hall Base a78 Exterior of dorsal valve; a silica replacement Internal cast of dorsal valve Front elevation of conjoined valves; silica replacement Exterior of ventral valves Co Say Ca dss ey Interior of dorsal valve showing cardinal process, sockets and crura. x 3 Grande Grieve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve and Indian Cove Camarotoechia cf. ramsayi Hall Page 168 9g. Internal or sculpture cast of a ventral valve Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve Plethorhyncha pliopleura (Conrad) Page 171 10 Ventral valve 11-13 Views of a well defined example 14 Internal cast of ventral valve showing the small spondylium 15 Internal cast of dorsal valve Grande Grive limestone, divisions 1 and 2. Lehuquet’s Cove Plethorhyncha barrandii Hall Page 171 16,17 Dorsal and ventral valves Grande Greve limestone, divisions 1 and 2. Grande Gréve 308 BRACHIOPODS Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. Camarotoechia cf. excellens (Billings) Page 169 18 Posterior view of a specimen provisionally referred to this species Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greve 309 PLATE 29 Eatonia peculiaris (Conrad) Bases apa, 231 1,2 Opposite sides of an internal cast of the small form prevailing in the Gaspé sandstone 3, 4. Profile and dorsal views of the exterior 5,6 Anterior and posterior views showing the elevation of the fold and the prominence of the median stria 7-10 Various views of well developed shells, some showing the projecting inner layers at the margin of fold and sinus 11 Internal cast of the ventral valve 12,13 Ventral and dorsal views of an internalicastia | x2 Grande Greve limestone (except 1 and 2). Various localities along the Forillon Rhynchospira globosa Hall Page. 109 14-17 Views of two specimens. x 2 St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Atrypina sp. Page wag 18 Dorsal view of specimen showing the strongly lamellose surface. x 1%: St Alban beds. -Griffon Cove river Coelospira concava Hall Page 175 19 Interior of a dorsal valve. x 3 20,21 Exterior and mmterlor on swenmircl eve lve macs 22 Interior of dorsal valve. x 3 Grande Grive limestone. Grande Greve Leptocoelia flabellites (Conrad) : Pages 174, 235 23 Exterior of dorsal valve 24,25 Interior of dorsal valves 26 Exterior showing tendency to division of plications at margin 310 Memoir 9. NY. State Museum BRACHIOPODS 28 A dorsal valve Gaspé sandstone. Gaspé Basin 27,29 Ventral and dorsal valves 30 21 32 A large shell, of a type common in certain layers Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Greéve and Indian Cove Sieberella galeata (Dalman) Page 108 A dorsal valve exposing part of the spondylium A small ventral valve St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove 311 PLATE 30 Meristella champlaini nov. Page 175 1-4 Views of a normal mature shell 5-7, 8, 9-11 Other examples with some degree of variation in the flatten- ing of the ventral valve 12,14 Anterior views, showing variations in the sinus 13 Internal cast of ventral valve 15° 2. proule 16,17 Internal cast of a large, somewhat flattened ventral valve, and enlargement of the vascular surface 18 A small shell radially marked on the interior of the dorsal valve 19 Interior of a dorsal valve 20 Exterior of a large ventral valve Grande Greve limestone; divisions 1 and 2. At various outcrops about Grande Greve, Lehuquet’s and Indian Coves, and Shiphead Meristella lata Hall Page 177 21-23 The usual expression of this species at this locality, showing the broadly flattened body and umbonal slopes of the ventral valve Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 24,25 Exterior and interior of a silica replacement of the ventral valve 26 uy + ” 3 pe ee ae a eee Potes 57") I . PLATE 41 Orthothetes (Schuchertella) becraftensis Clarke Pages 199, 238 Interior of adorsal valve, a silica replacement, showing the simple sur- face plications x 2 2,4,5 Views of the ventral valve 3 6, 7 8 Dorsal view of a flattened specimen Silica replacement of a ventral valve. x 2 Internal cast of a ventral valve Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve Orthothetes (Schuchertella) woolworthanus Hall mut. gaspensis nov. Page 199 9,10 Interior of dorsal valves II 12 13 14 Ge 16 7, 18 19 Dorsal aspect of an internal cast, showing muscle scars and pallial markings . ne Internal cast of ventral valve, showing highly developed adductor scars Interior of dorsal valve, a silica replacement Grande Greve limestone, divisions 1 and 2. Grande Gréve Orthothetes (Schuchertella) woolworthanus Hall Page 112 Internal cast of ventral valve St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Anoplia nucleata Hall Page 211 Internal cast of ventral valve enlarged to show the filling of the spine tubes crowning the cardinal area. x 10 Interior of a dorsal valve. x 3 Internal cast of ventral valve. x 3 Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Grande Gréve Chonetes billingsi nov. Pages 209, 238 Ventral valve. x 2 Dorsal view of aspecimen, bearing a spine near the cardinal angle, x 2 334 Memoir 9.N.Y State Museum. BRACHIOPODS SO’ : Aube in vi smsesccy 29 26 Plate 41 Bi \ WN" cane oh ; fae Dre AN v of ventral naires enieittes convexity. x2 on $0 ofe a ventral valve. x 2 rior of | a dorsal valve. x 2 entral valve. x 2 ‘ement of sculpture. x 5; from fig. 26 rnal cast of dorsal valve, showing the fine concentric sculpture. x 2 vias Pipertion of the two valves, showing cardinal spines. x 4 | 28,30, Interior of dorsal valves. (28, x 3; 30, x 2) ree Ventral Valve XK 2 Grande Greve limestone, division 2. Grande Gréve 335 Lees eee ee ot Aes ae laa eee = tay i wae Me a is ts. ae oe ee PLATE 42 Rhipidomella musculosa Hall (See also plate 43) Bagg aie 1 The interior of a dorsal valve 2-4 Specimens representing the exterior and internal casts of ventral valves 5 Interior of a ventral valve. All the foregoing specimens are silica replacements of the shell Grande Greve limestone; division 1. Grande Greve Hipparionyx proximus Vanuxem Page 200 6 Interior of a small ventral valve, regarded as pertaining to this species. Specimens of larger dimensions also occur at this locality Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock 7,8 Silica replacement of the dorsal valve. Interior and exterior views 9 The cardinal process viewed from behind 1o Interior of a ventral valve 11 Internal cast of a dorsal valve Grande Greve limestone; division 1. Grande Gréve 336 Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. BRACHIOPODS : > <> Ye wise : —-—" PLATE 43 Dalmanella penouili nov. Page 242 1,3 Views of ventral valve. x 3 2 Wiew of dorsal valves x3 4 A smaller ventral valve. x 3 Gaspé sandstone, (Gaspé Basin Orthostrophia canadensis nov. Bajo an 5 Internal cast of ventral valve. x 1% St Alban beds. Grande Cavée, Griffon Cove river 6 Internal cast of dorsal valve St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove - Rhipidomella lehuquetiana nov. Page 202 7 Interior of ventral valve restored at the left. x 2 8,9 Interior of dorsal valves. x 2 . 10,11 Exterior and interior of a ventral valve, showing the character of the shell, the senile expression of the foramen and cardinal thick- ening, and the large size of the adductor scars. x 2 -12 Interior of ventral valve in which the adductor scars are obscure, x 2 13 Exterior of a ventral valve. All these are from silica replacements 3 Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve Rhipidomella musculosa Hall (See plate 42) Page zor 14. Cardinal view of the dorsal valve, showing the process and crura; a silica replacement. x 2 17,19 Internal casts of brachial valves 20 Exterior of a ventral valve; a silica replacement 22 Interior of a ventral valve; a silica replacement Grande Grieve limestone; divisions 1 and 2. Grande Gréve 338 BRACHIOPODS Memoir 9.N Y. State Museum. Rhipidomella logani nov Page 202 Exterior of a small ventral valve Internal cast of ventral valve A ventral valve Internal cast of a small ventral valve Grande Gréve limestone; divisions 1 and 2. 339 Grande Greve ny i> 8 PLATE 44 Dalmanella sp. cf. concinna Hall 1-3 Three views of a mature specimen A, 5 A youns specimen) x92 St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Dalmanella subcarinata Hall Page 112 6,7 Cardinal and profile views an St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove Dalmanella lucia (Billings) Rage aon 8,9 Views of Billings’s original specimen 10,11 Dorsal and profile of another example. x 1% 12,913. i incomplete specmmen nsx 12 14 Interior of dorsal valve. x1% - . 15-17 Views of a silica replacement. x 1% . 18 Interior of a dorsal valve. x 1% | Grande Greve limestone ; division 2. Grande Greve 19,20 AA silicified shell having the characters of this species Oriskany limestone. Glenerie, N. Y. Schizophoria ? amii nov. Page 204 21 Internal cast of ventral valve 22-24 Ventral and profile and dorsal views. x 1% 25 A dorsal valve Grande Greve limestone. Grande Gréve 340 — } : ; 3, i BRACHIOPODS Memoir 9. N.Y. State Museum. Plate 44 “ail G.S.Barkent G.S.Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State P J.B Lyon Co. State Printer 5 6 10 16 18 1© 22 5 PLATE 45 Chonetes (Eodevonaria) antiopa Billings (See plate 46) Page 208 A. ventral valve mostly an internal cast. x 3 ,3 Exterior of ventral valves) 23 Interior of ventral valve. x 3 Billings’s original mostly a ventral cast. x 2 Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Chonetes (Eodevonaria) hudsonicus Clarke and metatype gaspensis nov. Page 238 -g Internal casts of ventral valves Enlargement of squeeze taken from specimen 6 to illustrate the char- acter of the denticulate hinge: x 3 Interior of a dorsal valve. x 2 The ventral hinge taken from a squeeze enlarged from figure 7, show- ing coarse denticulation and the prominence of the median septum A coarsely ribbed example. x 2 Anventralvalye. behest ee ol a, tn = ar i : ; ores ic -s and socket walls ude Greve limestone ; divisions 1, 2,3. Figures 16-18, 20, 24, 25, Gimisionm 1. Grande Greve ;/19, 21, 22, 23, 26. Percé Rock tak ie iy 943 to (SS) 14 15 PLATE 46 Chonetes melonicus Billings Page 206 Dorsal view of an impression of the exterior. Billings’s original Internal cast of a ventral valve, showing place of septum and muscle Stars; x12 A portion of the dorsal valve, viewed from without, showing the cardinal process. x 3 Exterior mold of the dorsal valve Grande Greve limestone. Grande Gréve Chonetes antiopa Billings (See plate 45) Page 208 Ei xtenlomon aevettstrall eaallayeeexans Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve Chonostrophia complanata Hall Bases oho, 207 A small ventral valve with cardinal spines. x 2 Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock : Internal cast of a ventral valve, showing the course of the cardinal SMM, C8 Internal cast of the ventral valve with muscular scars A similar view of the ventral valve Enlargement of the interior pallial surface. x 5 A ventral valve Enlargement of the exterior showing the character of the striation. x5 A small ventral valve Grande Grive limestone, divisions 1, 2. Grande Gréve Chonostrophia dawsoni Billings Page 240 A small ventral valve with full array of spines Titevexternal suntacey a5 344 BRACHIOPODS Plate 46 Memoir 9.N.Y State Museum. 24 ate Printer ie J.B.Lyon Co. § ] GS.Barkentin de , 7 ; | a large ventral valve we. Gaspé Basin 345 PLATE 47 Lingula spathata Hall Page ax4 1 Fragment of large ventral (?) valve 2 Internal cast of umbonal part of valve Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Lingula rectilatera Hall Page 214 3 Specimens showing outline, interior and exterior of the valves 5,6 Opposite sides of a free example Grande Greve limestone. Percé Rock Lingula elliptica nov. Page 214 4 A ventral (?) valve showing median septum Grande Greve limestone, division 1. Grande Gréve Glossina acer nov. Page 214 7,8 Small and larger specimens 9 The surface sculpture enlarged Grande Greve limestone, division 1. Grande Greve Pholidops cf. ovata Hall Page 212 10,11 Exterior and interior of valves enlarged Grande Greve limestone. Grande Gréve Crania pulchella Hall & Clarke Page 2x2 12. An attached shell showing the exterior ie group of small shells attached to a large pelecypod 14,15 Somewhat exfoliated examples enlarged Grande Greve limestone. Grande Greve 346 BRACHIOPODS Plate 47 Memoir 9.N.Y State Museum. B.Lyon Co. § 1 J G.S.Barkentin del. Craniella (?) grandegrevensis nov. Page 2i2 Beane a soe Grande Gréve oobrewordes bella (Billings) a ~- Page 116 The originals me (3 rania bella Billings ee Bon Amt beds. Cape Bon Ami : fat Orbiculoidea sp? seit ieee : sare : 2 f p Page 213 19,20 An unidentified species Grande Grive limestone. Shiphead Orbiculoidea montis nov. < Page 213 A large upper valve yes ‘Compressed and broken Spe cimeh of a very large shell ; ete A pedicle valve 3 Grande Greve limestone. 21, 22, 24 Grande Baik 23 Percé Rock 347 . PLATE 48 Pleurodictyum lenticulare Hall var. laurentinum nov. Page ang 1 Top view of a corallum replaced by silica Grande Greve limestone. Grande Gréve Hederella blainvill:i nov. Dage 202 2 Avalveof Leptostrophia blainvilliy covercd by, acolonyiey this species. x 1% Gaspé sandstone. Portage road Chaunograptus gracilis nov. Page 219 3 A valve of Leptostrophia magnifica carrying a growth of this species 4,5 Enlargement of the fronds Grande Gréve limestone, division 1. Grande Greve Alga Pagerm. 6,7 Natural size and enlarged views of the specimen described St Alban beds. Cape Rosier Cove 8 7 ~ * ri a 4 om a ce at r ¢ . , i. < a . = 9 7 ‘ } . i j ” u > i; FIND EX. Page numbers referring to descriptions of fossils are printed in black face type. Acephala, 83. Anoplia nucleata, 45, 125, 211-12, 248. Acidaspis sp., 69. explanation of plate, 334. tuberculata, see Ceratocephala tuber- | Anse au Gascon, 1’, 88, 114. culata. Anticosti, Island of, Siluric rocks, roo. Actinopteria, 156. Aparchites, 141, 244. sp., explanation of plate, 290. Spi, 43 boydi, 230. whiteavesi, 141. communis, 44, 65, 155, 156, 245. Appalachia in Gaspé, 12-15. explanation of plate, 290. Appalachian geosyncline, 98. eschwegii, 230. Arges, 137. (Pterinea) fronsacia, 85, 230, 245. Arisaig, fossils, 34. explanation of plate, 290. Aroostook county, Me., 226. figure, 230. Asaphus, 72. EExGIS, aA 35, 4a, Tob, 154, 156, 245. micrurus, 120. explaination of plate, 290. pleuroptyx, 120. var. arenaria, 156. Astrocerium, 87. Adams, F. D., acknowledgments to, 84; | Athvris (Merista) arcuata, 33, 175. mentioned, 141. (Meristella) bella, gr. Alea, 34, 36, 114, 240. heta, 85, 236-37, 247. explanation of plate, 348. explanation of plate, 320. Ambocoelia, 182. laevis; 26, 28, 33) 175: Ambonychia sp., 58. spiriferoides, 237. Ami, H. M., work of, 20; cited, 29, 32, 89. | Atrypa flabellites, 174. Amphigenia, 165. | laevis, 110, 176. elongata, 166. | palmata, 174. Amphistrophia continens, see Strophonella | (Eatonia) peculiaris, 172, 173. (Amphistrophia) continens. | pleiopleura, 171. Amphitheater, 73. fetcwlans, 26, 28, 33, 345. 315,85, 80), 01, Ampyx, 70. 109, 247. hastatus, 60, 61. semiplicata, 108. Ancistroid spicules, 222. singularis, 173. Angers schists, 127. Atrypina sp., 34, 35, 109, 247. Angola shales, 233. explanation of plate, 310. Annelida, 43, 65, 117-42, 243. imbricata, 34, 35, 100; 247. Anodontopsis, 34, 71. Autodetus beecheri, 43, 117, 243. ventricosa, 162. explanation of plate, 274. 349 350 NEW YORK Avicula, 83. Sih, 2s bronni, 26, 33 communis, 155. naviformis, 26, 33. recticosta, see Pterinopecten (Avicula) recticosta. Wesqmilliys iis), See also Actinopteria textilis. woodwardi, 82. Aviculopecten, 85, 156. SiPan QBOx QUO: explanation of plate, 288. incrassatus, 44, 155, 245. explanation of plate, 288. jumeaui, 65, 154-55, 246. explanation of plate, 290. Barachois, bar and tickle, 18. Barlow, work of, 30; mentioned, 83; cited, 88. Barrande, cited, 68. Barré beds, 55, 67-69, 70, 74, 75, 95- Barré brook, 57, 69-70. Bartlett’s, fossils, 184, 185, 210. Battery point, 54. Bayfield, Admiral, mentioned, 24; cited, ZOormonlie Beachia amplexa, 46, 65, 66, 166-68, 247. explanation of plate, 304. suessana, 166, 167, 168. Becraft limestone, 7, 105, 163. Becraft, mountains ni 701s, ues iA uA, LUGO, UGG, PSO, UOd, THF, TOS, TGA, DOA; OO); QUO, AUD, QO, QBS, 2BO, BAB Beecher, C. E., mentioned, 129. Bell, Robert, acknowledgments to, mentioned, 19, 170; cited, 28. Ter, Belle Isle, straits of, 100, ror. Bellerophon, 7r. Sian BS, DY, BAS. explanation of plate, 287. brevilineatus, 229. 2O 5 SEAMS MUSEUM | Bellerophon, forbesi, 154. (Plectonotus ?) gaspensis, 44, 154, 245. explanation of plate, 286. laurenticus, 26, 33. leda, 230. patulus, 154. plenus, 44, 153-54, 245. explanation of plate, 287. rotalinea, 220. trilobatus, 154. Beyrichia, 33, 84. Sibu, 20: kloedeni var. acadica, 33, 43, 244. Biard, Charles, mentioned, 14; acknowl- edgments to, 21. Billings, Elkanah, work of, 20; cited, 28, ZONGS2a Sin OU, LO} ot 5, eI ORNME SE mE SOR TOA, LOO, 170) D725) non Loon Tove TSO L3G, LOL, OZ). 195, 2OL, 200; 2O7 wziogr 210, 25.) 20, 207, 2g 2285 22 —a7tee mentioned, 37, 201. Black shale deposits, depositions in deep water, 64. Blanc, Cape, shore section at, 71. See also Cape Blanc limestones. Blothrophyilum, 218. Blowhole, 69; section at, illus., 69. Blowhole Cliffs, 130. Bois Brulé, 82. Bokkeveldt beds, 127. Bolboporites americanus, 72. Bon Ami beds, 27, 30, 36-46, 89; fossils, Buly BH=BO, UUA=1O, BAZ. Bon Amit clits; 225 alluss 217 3.8 Bonaventure conglomerate, 56, 63, 71, 73, 75, 92-96, 100. Bonaventure county, fossils, 89. Bonaventure island, 56; illus., 25, 95, 96. Brachiopoda, 44-46, 65, 163-215, 246-49. Brachyprion majus, 45, 190, 248. explanation of plate, 324. Bronteus barrandii, 33, 34, 35, 104, 244. explanation of plate, 271. INDEX Bronteus canadensis, 26, 33, 104. Brulé, Cap, 81. Bryozoa, 46, 215, 249. Bumastus sp., 72. Bythocypris sp., 43, 141-42, 244. explanation of plate, 271. cylindrica, 141, 142. Calamites, 81. Callonema cf. bellatulum, 85, 228, 245. explanation of plate, 282. Callopora, 71. Calymmene, 94. blumenbachi, 88. callicephala, 60, 61. niagarensis, 88. senaria, 72. Camarospira bisulcata, 72. Camarotoechia cf. altiplicata, 33, 34, 35, 108, 247. dryope, 46, 170, 247. explanation of plate, 308. excellens, 46, 169, 247. explanation of plate, 309. pliopleura, 39, 40. cf. ramsayi, 46, 168-69, 247. explanation of plate, 308. semiplicata, 34, 35, 108, 247. explanation of plate, 308. cf. whitii, 88. Campbellton, 87, 89, go. Cannes de Roche, 94. Canon, Cape, 54, 56. See also Cape Canon massive. Cap Brulé, 81. Cape Barré beds, 55, 67-69, 70, 74, 75, 95. Cape blanc, shore section at, 71. Cape Blanc limestones, 17, 55, 56, 58, 70-75. Cape Bon Ami beds, 27, 30, 36-46, 89; fos- sils, 34, 37-38, 114-16, 243. Cape Bon Ami cliffs, 23; illus., 31, 38. Cape Canon, 54, 56. Cape Canon massive, 57-58; thickness, 74. 351 Cape Colony, 178. Cape Cove, 56. Cape Gaspé, 37; fossils, 103, 113, 115, 200, ZOO 22/5. Cape Haldimand, 81, 82; anticline, 16. Cape Rosier, 17, 23, 30, 31, 103. Cape Rosier Cove, fossils, 34, 104, 105, 106, Lov. OS; LOO, LEO, LIT, 112, 113,114, I55, 116. Carydium, 84. Cascapedia river, 89. Catskill group, 96. Cayuga, Ontario, 183, 191, 226. Cayuga lake, fossils near, 229. Centronella glansfagea, 46, 163, 246. explanation of plate, 302. Cephalaspis dawsoni, 84, 243. Cephalopoda, 43, 142, 244. Ceratiocaris, 84. Ceratocephala callicephala, 140. robinia, 43, 65, 140-41, 244. explanation of plate, 258. tuberculata, 140. Ceratolichas, 137, 139. dracon, 139. STYPS, 139.° Ceraurus pleurexanthemus, 58, 72. Chaleurs, Bay of, 87, 89, 93. Champlain, cited, 49. Chapman sandstone, 243, 252. Chasmops, 121. Chaunograptus gracilis, 46, 219-20, 249. explanation of plate, 348. novellus, see Dendrograptus graptus) novellus. Chemung group, 82. Chien Blanc, conglomerate, 94. Chiton sagittalis, 105. Chitons, 245. (Chauno- | Chonetes, 38, 45, 83. Sp., 27, 28, 82, 210. antiopa, 45, 54, 65, 66, 69,70, 206, 208, 248. explanation of plates, 342, 344. 352 NEW Chonetes arcuatus, 240. billingsi, 45, 85, 209-10, 238, 248. explanation of plate, 334-35. canadensis, 37, 20, 40, 45, 54, 65, 06, 69, 70, 83, 94, 191, 205-6, 207, 208, 248. explanation of plate, 342-43. complanatus, 210. dawsoni, 210, 211, 240. helderbergiae, 211. hudsonicus, 208, 238-40, 242. explanation of plate, 342. metatype gaspensis, 85, 240, 248. explanation of plate, 342. iowensis, 185. jervisensis, 211. laticosta, 209. melonicus, 41, 455, 83, 205, 206-7, 208, 210, 240, 248. explanation of plate, 344. montrealensis, 211. mucronatus, 209. reversa, 215. sarcinulatus, 242. Chonostrophia complanata, 45, 65, 85, 2I0O—-I1, 240, 241, 248. explanation of plate, 344. dawsoni, 85, 240-41, 248. explanation of plate, 344-45. helderbergiae, 241. jervisensis, 211. montrealensis, 91, 211. Cladopora, 83, 87, 88. Clarke, ), Momettedisnas5, u60, 186) 182) 053, IO, LOB, 22, 2AO. Clarksville, 129. Cleodictya, 223. Climacograptus, 72. Clintonella, 88. Coelidium, 88. egregium, 44, 152-53, 245. explanation of plate, 287. hebe, 44, 153, 245. explanation of plate, 287. YORK STATE MUSEUM Coelospira, 70. concava, 46, 175, 247. explanation of plate, 310. Coeymans limestone, 7, 108, I10, 120, 121, 250. Columbia county, 170. Columbus, O., 228. Conglomerate, red, 59. Conocardium cuneus, 44, 162-63, 246. explanation of plate, 298. cf. inceptum, explanation of plate, 298. Conolichas, 137. Conrad, cited, 173. Conularia, 33, 38, 67. SPs QO Bie cf. desiderata, 43, 65, 144, 244. explanation of plate, 274. var. t1z01, 65, 144, 244. explanation of plate, 275. lata, 33, 34, 35, 40, 244. explanation of plate, 274. mut., 43, 105. 144-45. penouili, 43, 144, 244. explanation of plate, 274. sowerbyi, 27. Corals, 46, 65, 215-19, 249. Cordaites angustifolia, 70. Cordania becraftensis, 43, 136, 244. explanation of plate, 271. cyclurus, 34, 35, 104, 244. gasepiou, 38, 43, 114, 136, 244. explanation of plate, 270. hudsonica, 136. Corner of the Beach, 17, 73, 95. Cornulites cingulatus, 43, 117, 243. explanation of plate, 274. COMO, M20, UBk, TB- See also Dalmanites. Corycephalus regalis, sce- Dalmanites © (Corycephalus) regalis. Coulée, 7o. Cove, Cape, 56. Cranta bella; samo, sare INDEX 353 Crania grandegrevensis, 107. pulchella, 45, 212, 248. explanation of plate, 346. Craniella ? grandegrevensis, 45, 65, 66, 212, 249. explanation of plates, 294, 347. Cryphaeus, 132. Cryptonella sp., 85, 234, 246. ellsi, 46, 163, 240. explanation of plate, 302. fausta, 46, 164, 246. explanation of plate, 302. Ctenacanthus, 84, 243. . Cumberland, Md., 165, 168, 169, 173, 174, 182, 183, Ig. Cyclora turbinata, go. valvatiformis, go. Cypricardinia crassa, 158. distincta, 44, 157-58, 246. explanation of plate, 300-1. planulata, 33, 34, 35, 108, 246. sublamellosa, 61, 158. | Cypricardites truncatus, 232. | Cyrtia rostrata, 183. Cyrtina affinis, 183. hamiltonensis, 85, 236, 247. rostrata, 46, 65, 66, 183, 247. explanation of plate, 314. varia, 183. Cyrtoceras, 43. Saei AZ 2 AA albani, 34, 35, 105, 244. explanation of plate, 278. subrectum, 105. Cyrtodonta, 83. flexuosa, 26, 33. lata, 26; 33. orbicularis, 26. Cytherodon sp., 89. Dalhousie, 38, 104, 110, 113, 243, 250. Dalmanella sp. cf. concinna, 34. explanation of palte, 340. Dalmanella, cf. discus, 33, 36, 112, 248. lucia, 45, 204-5, 248. explanation of plate, 340. penouili, 85, 242, 248 explanation of plate, 338. cf. perelegans, 61, 205. subcarinata, 33, 34, 36, 112, 248. explanation of plate, 340. testudinaria, 60, 61. Dalmania micrurus, 120. pleuroptyx, 120. Dalmanites, 83; of early Devonic, observa- tions on, 131-35; figures, 133-34. Sn) Or AUCMOpSae tia t kes, Las, 127198) 120), 134. var. armatus, 134. (Probolium) beyrichi, 133. (Probolium) biardi, 54, 94, 129-30, 133, 244. explanation of plate, 264. bisignatus, 123, 125. COXIUS, 33, 35, 103—4, 243. explanation of plate, 266. dentatus, 123, 125, 134. diurus, 127. dolbeli, 40, 41, 43, 117, 121-22, 125, 134, 243. explanation of plate, 268. dolphi, 123, 134. emarginatus, 43, 127-28, 243. explanation of plate, 266. (Probolium) esnoufi, 40, 130-31, 133, 244. explanation of plate, 270. galea, 128. (Probolium) galloisi, 133. gaveyi, 43, 128-29, 133, 243. explanation of plate, 268. Sito 24, 45,0 10g, NG, 128, 133, 243. explanation of plates, 266, 270. hausmanni, 121. 354 Dalmanites limulurus, 104, 128. longicaudatus, 103, 132, 133. lowi, 43, 122-23, 243. explanation of plate, 270. meeki, 125. micrurus, 43, 103, 120-21, 125, 128, 129, Ion 134,243. explanation of plates, 268, 270. (Coronura) myrmecophorus, 126, 127. (Probolium) nasutus, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133. perceensis, 243. explanation of plate, 260, 262. phacoptychoides, 128. phacoptyx, 43, 123-24, 125, 243. explanation of plate, 266. figure, 123. PlEMKOpE Ve 20,27, 235 1a 8. shy le ee UDG, LAS, LAO, WA. (Corycephalus) regalis, 134. (Odontocephalus) selenurus, 134. stemmatus, 121, 122, 129, 134. tridens) 127-en2o,musas explanation of plate, 262. vatinius, 43, 128. veiti, 43, 123, 124-25, 243. figure, 124. vigilans, 128. whiteavesi, 125, 243. explanation of plate, 268. Daonella, 198. Dartmouth river, 16, 17, 81, 152. Darwin, mentioned, 178. Dawson, George M., acknowledgments to, 20. Dawson, Sir William, work of, 20; cited, 79, 82, 84, 86, go. Decewville beds, 10, 123, 139, 163, 174, 182, 226, 243. Delgado, cited, 127. Delthyris fimbriatus, 180. raricosta, 181. Oy OG), U2; WAS, RO, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Demers, Capt. L. R., acknowledgments WO, ib. Dendrograptus (Chaunograptus) novellus, 220. Denys, Nicholas, cited, 23, 49-50, 53, 91. Devonic species, tabular statement of dis- tribution, 243-49. Diaphorostoma, 44, 146, 140, 245. explanation of plate, 283. affine, 44, 65, 149-50, 245. desmatum, 44, 149-50, 245. explanation of plate, 283. perceense, 65, 149-50, 245. explanation of plate, 283. ventricosum, 149. Dicranurus, 67. hamatus, 68. limenarcha, 68. figure, 68. monstrosus, 68. Dictyonema, 33. Sp., 26. splendens, 33, 34, 36, 46, 113, 229, 249. Diphyphyllum, 88. Discina, 38. S/PQog. Dio Dithyrocaris, 84. belli, 84. Dixon, A. F., acknowledgments to, 21. Dolbel, A. H., acknowledgments to, 21. Dolbel’s brook, 30, 1z0) 10S) 1725 270, mom, LOO), QQ, 2O2, BOO, 2O3, Vii, QUA, Bus, 220. Douglastown, 16, 17, 81. Duncanella cf. borealis, 61. Gj. CUGIS, 48, etn, 2710; Eatonia peculiaris, 28, 40, 46, 85, 86-87, 172-74, 234-35, 247. explanation of plate, 310. singularis, 173. Eifel Middle Devonic, 186. Elevated beaches, at Gaspé Basin, 17. INDEX 3 Ells, R. W., work of, 20; mentioned, 57; cited, 20) 31, 32,00; 70; 78; 8a, 87, Ss; 89, 153. 3 Entomostraca, 43, 244. Eodevonaria antiopa, see Chonetes antiopa. hudsonicus, see Chonetes hudsonicus. Eotomaria ?, explanation of plate, 285. cartieri, 34, 35, 106, 245. explanation of plate, 285. delia, 44, 151-52, 245. explanation of plate, 284. lydia, 44, I5I, 245. explanation of plate, 284. rotula, 44, I51, 245. explanation of plate, 284. voltumna, 44, 150, 245. explanation of plate, 284. Erie, Lake, see Lake Erie.. Euphemus ? quebecensis, 85, 229, 245. explanation of plate, 286. Eurypterids, 243. Eurypterus, 84. Explanation of plates, 253-348. Falkland Islands, 174, 178. Faults, 74-75; course of St Lawrence river, EO2, Favosites, 33, 87, 88. Sp., 46, 219. basaltica, 26, 27, 33. basaltiformis, 218. cervicornis, 26, 27, 33, 219. cf. gaspensis, 33, 34, 36, 114, 249. gothlandica, 26, 27, 31, 33, 91, 218. helderbergiae, 33, 34, 36, 46, 113, 218-10, 249. cf. hisingeri, 71. Niagarensis, 219. Fenestella, 33, 83. Sp 20), 27. cf. lata, 46, 215, 249. Ferland, Abbé, cited, 24, 51, 77, 93. un ial Folds and folded rocks, 15-17. Forillon, 15, 17, 64, 95, 101; geology of, 22- 46; hight above sea level, 13; illus., 23; 24; section across at Grande Gréve, 29, section across at end of Cape Gaspé, 41; fossilsy ‘65, 66; 119, 136, 142, 156, 160, WO ten 7i5, 77 270; 179; 154,208, 205, Da Fruing’s Cove, 160, 184, 186, 188, 189, 194, LOS 007,200, 212. Fucoides cauda-galli, 27, 82. graphica, 79. Galena, deposits of, 42. Gaspé, sketch of the geology of, 11-22; scenery, 12; folds and folded rocks, 15— 17; barachois, bar and tickle, 18; fossils, 83, £50; Thc, 052; They ton, 162, 237, 238, 241; description, 103-242. Gaspé Appalachia, 12-15. Gaspé Basin, 125, 166, 175, 210, 226, 227, 229,02 20,)230, 230, 2325 3a gen. 226, 238, 240, 241. Gaspé Bay, 124, 174, 234, 236, 240. Gaspé Cape, 37; fossils, 103, 113, 115, 200, 208, 225. Gaspé Cove, 81. Gaspé Devonic series, distribution toward the southwest, 88-90. Gaspé geosyncline, 197-102. Gaspé limestones, 36, 113, 116, 156, 161, 163; of Logan, 26-28. Gaspé mountain, 231, 233, 234. Gaspé sandstones, 20, 76-102; origin of, 86— 88; subdivisions, 82; thickness, 78; con- tact with Grand Gréve limestone, illus., 76, 77;.dip at Peninsula, illus., 79; sec- tion, 78; fossils, 84, 152, 153, 226-42, 243, 251; faunas, relations of, 250. Gaspé syncline, illus., roo. Gaspelichas forillonia, 43, 132. See also Lichas (Gaspelichas) forillonia. NEW YORK 356 Gaspelichas grandegrevensis, 39. See also Lichas (Gaspelichas) grande- grevensis. Gaspesia, 198-200. aurelia, 45, 198, 248. explanation of plate, 333. Gastropoda, 44, 65, 145-54, 245. Gavey, Daniel, acknowledgments to, 21. Gavey’s, 152, 158. Geographic conditions in New York at opening of Devonic time, 9. Geosyncline, Gaspé, 97-102. Giroux, work of, 30. Girty, cited 2235225: Glenerie, 140) 150) 20s P1608, 1 7eren ya. s, TOO, Weil, WIL, USA, BOs, BUA, Diu s- Glossina acer, 44, 214-15, 249. explanation of plate, 346. Glyptocrinus ?, 72. Goniophora, 85, 89. SDo, QB, QAO. mediocris, 34, 35, 44, 107, 161, 246. explanation of plate, 296. tethys, 44, 161-62, 246. explanation of plate, 296. Gosseletia, 158. Grammysia canadensis, 83, 85, 231, 240. explanation of plate, 299. hamiltoniae, 231. cf. sulcata, 89. verneuili, 82. Grand Cavée of Griffon Cove river, 31; LOSSils; 245 Los, Mods soon 107, LOS,.iog, Teitgty Tea, sels Grand Coupe, conglomerate, 94. Grande Grever so, 40, 42, 50. alltis srs sa) 22; mines at, 91; fossils, 30, 38, 42-46, COE) Sig HOYs M5 WI, Eee, Grande Gréve limestones, 37, 39-46, 250; term, 29; contact with Gaspé sandstone, MUNG GO ua. Cio, sles. 4128 iossiils, ADM), WI J=DAS, QE. BAR. DLO, DSi. Grande Riviére, 56. SATE MUSEUM | Graptclites, 46, 219-20, 249. Great Cape Oiseau, 81. Green, cited, 120. Gritton’ Cove) tiver ase. ossils) a1 yaenss See also Grande Cavée of Griffon Cove river. - Griphodictya epiphanes, 221. Gypidula galeata, 33. Gyrichnites gaspensis, 84, 243. Haldemand, fossils, ror. Haldimand, Cape, 81, 82; anticline, 16. Hall, James, cited, 54, 86, 117, 119, 120, UB, USO, OO, WOO, u72, 17/2, 7S, 17, 180, 182, 184, 150, L098, 200 21228 2218, 2210, 220, 2/40. Halobia, 198. Halysites, 70, 87. catenularius typicus, 71. Hamilton beds, 87, 148, 160, 185, 209, 217, 220; 228, 220, (230) 241482 3CRee ee nmoRre 230; 28 7) M2 a One o Emer eee Gite Hamilton group, 82. Harrington, cited, 52. Haug, cited, 97, 99. Hausmannia, 132, 133. micrurus, seg Dalmanites micrurus. Hayes creek, 75. Hederella blainvillii, 85, 238, 242, 249. explanation of plates, 324, 348. ramea, 242. Helderberg sea in New York, illus., 8. Helderbergian formation, 7; fauna, 54, QO=Ol, LOA, TOS, LOO, WUO, WuU, WED, LTB, IMO), Ui, WIS, UDC, UPS TAO, W392. 127. TAO, WHR, USS, USO, UHI, W/o UPB, UPSs WO, WHS, LIA, UGA, UO, DOW, 2OS, Bit, DUB, DUM, DU, DUO, BAG, QE. BAZ, ALO. Helderbergian period, geographic condi- ‘tions in New York during, 9. Heliolites, 94. Hexactinellid spicules, 72. Hexactinellida, 46, 220-25, 249. INDEX 35 | Hinde, cited, 221. - Hindia sp., 6r. fibrosa, 38, 60, 116, 249. Hipparionyx proximus, 39, 40, 45, 65, 66, 139, 168, 200, 201, 202, 248. explanation of plate, 336. Holopea antiqua, 44, 148, 245. explanation of plate, 282. cf. arctica, 72. gaspesia, 227, 245. explanation of plate, 282. lyonnii, 84. wakehami, 84, 228, 245. explanation of plate, 282. Homalonotus, 132. colossus, 127. major, 127. Homocrinus ?, 72. Hoplolichas, 137, 139. Hunt, cited, 92. Hyolithus cf. aclis, 84, 226, 244. explanation of plate, 276. OXYS, 43, 143, 244. explanation of plate, 276. richardi, 43, 143, 244. explanation of plate, 276. Illaenus, 34. americanus, 60, 61. Indian Cove, 42, 91; fossils, 116, 121,.123, 142, 143, 145, 151, 153, 154, 158, 159, HOO UOS) TOA TOG LO 7 On LOO: Tot o2 cos a4 Loe oom LOOM OO: TOA EO MO, LOS, LOO, 2O2, 205,8207, | Gis), Bio), Dall, Warley ivloys Isle Bizard, conglomerate near, 91. Ithaca beds, 236. Ithaca stage, 238. James, Frederick, acknowledgments to, 21. Jesuit Relations, cited, 23, 91. Joli, Mt, see Mt Joli. Katzer cited, 63. Sy King’s road, 150, 185. Kionoceras champlaini, 142, 244. explanation of plate, 278. thysum, 33, 34, 35, 38, 43, 104, 114-15, 117, 142, 244. explanation of plate, 278. robervali, 43. Labrador, Siluric rocks, roo. Lake Erie, 233. Lambe cited, 113, 124, 205, 207; 208. Lamellibranchs, 65. Lankester, E. R., work of, 20; cited, 84. La Tae, Pere Sixte; cited, so. Lead deposits, 42. Le Boutillier, Philip, acknowledgments to, 21; cited, 52; mentioned, 58. Le Clercq, Father Chréstien, cited, 51. Leda brevirostris, 85, 234, 246. explanation of plate, 300. Lehuquet, acknowledgments to, 21. Lehuquet’s Cove, 39; fossils, 121, 124, 136, PAG Se LOM nee Os LOZ TOA nO nl oO, TOS, 203, 20, 202, Lenfesty’s brook, 54, 57. Lepidodendron gaspianum, 79, I14. Leptaena ? nucleata, 211. thomboidalis, 42; 34,36, 38, 45, 58; 61, 65, 66; OL, INT, 116, 183-84) 24/7. explanation of plate, 320. Leptocoelia concava, 27, 28, 38, 175. flabellites, 27, 28, 31, 37, 38, 46, 65, 66, 69, 82, 83, 85, 86, 174-75, 235, 247. explanation of plate, 310-11. imbricata, 109. Leptodomus canadensis, 34, 35, 44, 107, 160, 246. Leptostrophia, 67. beck, 34) 36,-11L, 194, 247. blainvilli, 85, 23'7-38, 242, 247. explanation of plates, 324, 348. irene, 39, 45, 69, 70, 191, 193-94, 195, 247. explanation of plate, 328, 330. 358 Leptostrophia magnifica, 33, 34, 35, 39, 45, III, 139, IQO-OI, 192, 193, 194, 195, BNO, 247. explanation of plates, 328, 330, 348. tullia, 54, 65, 66, 191-92, 247. explanation of plate, 326. oriskania, 45, 184, 194-95, 242, 247. explanation of plate, 324. perplana, 195, 237, 238. tardifi, 65, 195, 247. explanation of plate, 330. tullia, 195. | Gio) ohare bellamicus, 40, 43, 137, 244. explanation of plate, 258. bigsbyi, 137. (Gaspelichas) forillonia, 137-40. explanation of plates, 254-58. grandegrevensis, 244. laciniatus, 139. pustulosus, 137. Limekiln massive, illus., 58. Limestone conglomerate, Mt Ste Anne, illus., 94. Limoptera 246. explanation of plate, 292. Lingula, 38, 67, 84. Sp., 27. artemis, 38, 116, 249. elliptica, 44, 65, 214, 249. explanation of plate, 346. lucretia, 34, 38, 116, 249. perlata, 215. rectilatera, 44, 65, 214, 249. explanation of plate, 346. spathata, 65, 214, 249. explanation of plate, 346. Spatiosa, 215. Liopteria ?, 85. explanation of plate, 299. Little ‘Gaspé, 41, 42, 81, 91; fossils, 19, UPA, WLS, TAG, Ui, WAV, WAG. U7/y LOS; NO DiC Dibity Py thvale HOSSROM Ryn 345) 35,1 OOS 7, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Little Portage, fossils, 160. Lobster point, 17. Logan, Sir William E., investigations, 19- 21; portrait, 19; Gaspé limestones of, 26-28; mentioned, 15, 20, 52, 130, 201; cited, 20, 216—20, 30, 3m) 379 4 One 70, 70; 78—82, 83,°84, 8S, OO, OL, O2;nG0eF OF WCt, MOA, NSO, BON, BOA, DOO, 2x0. 218. Logan’s divisions, 1 and 2, 30-36; 3, 4, 5 and Ol (Ole BOs Long Cove, 81. Lophospira bilirata, 34, 35, 106, 245. explanation of plate, 285. Lourde, Pointe, 82. Low, A. P., work of, 20; cited, 87, 88. Lower Helderberg beds, 114, 116. Lower Helderberg group, 173. Loxonema sp., 28. iit Chita tinge gaspensis, 26, 33. gracilis, 26, 33. hamiltoniae, 242. planogyrata, 153. Ween, Ae, Ass GPa QOy Die Ludlowville shale, 243, 251. Lunulicardium ? convexum, 85, 234, 246. explanation of plate, 298. Lyellia affinis, 71. Lysactinella, 225. gebhardi, 225. Machaeracanthus, 80. sulcatus, 80, 84, 243. Macrochilus hamiltoniae, 228. Maecurti sandstones, 154, 226, 230. Maine, fossils, 112. Malay a7, 565. 72, o4e Malbay anticline, 16. Manitoba, 141. Manlius limestone, 148, 209. Maria, fauna, 87. Maryland, 243. INDEX Matto Grosso, Brazil, 174. Mauger, Philip, acknowledgments to, 21. May Hill sandstone, 130. Megalanteris, 139. Ovalis, 166, 167, 168. explanation of plate, 306. plicata, 66. thunii, 39, 40, 46, 65, 69, 70, 168, 247. explanation of plates, 304, 306. Megambonia bellistriata, 157. crenistriata, 44, 157, 246. explanation of plate, 294. denysia, 65, 157, 246. explanation of plate, 294. ovata, 159. Merista arcuata, arcuata. laevis, IIo. Meristella arcuata, 176. bella, see Athyris (Meristella) bella. champlaini, 46, 94, 175-77, 247. explanation of plate, 312. laevis, 33, 34, 35, 110, 176, 247. lata, 46, 65, 66, 176, 177, 247. explanation of plate, 312. subquadrata, 176. vascularia, 176. Metaplasia, 182. plicata, 181. Michelinia lenticularis, 219 Milwaukee, 198. Miner’s brook, 89. Mines, 91-93. Mingan islands, Siluric rocks, roo. Moberg, J. C., cited, 63. Modiella modiola, 85, 232, 246. explanation of plate, 298. pygmaea, 85, 231, 232, 246. explanation of plate, 298. Modiolopsis sp., 28. cultrata, 26, 33. varia, I15, 160. Modiomorpha, 84. see Athyris (Merista) 359 Modiomorpha, alta, 160. ponderosa, 160. schoharie, 161. varia, 33, 34, 35, 38, 44, 107, 115-16, 160-61, 246. explanation of plate, 296. Monograptus cf. clintonensis, 61. Monorachus, rar. Monticulipora, 46, 215. Sp.,.249. Montreal, 211, 243. Moose River sandstone, 243, 252. Morris, cited, 174. Moscow shale, 243, 251. Mt Joli, 54,55, 56; east face, illus., 55; ver- tical strata on north face of, illus., 59; fanlis 745 75 qOSsIS moe, 2i5) 217. Mt Joli massive, 59-62, 71; illus., 59; thickness, 74. Mt Ste Anne, 56. : Murailles, 17, 55, 56, 67-70, 75, 95; Percé strata, 69-70. Murchisonia, 88. SD Bier bilirata, 106. egregria, 152. hebe, 153. Murray, Alexander, mentioned, 19; cited, IOl. Mytilarca, 89. canadensis, 44, 158, 159, 246. niida, 446 35, 44, 107.050, 159, 240. explanation of plate, 299. Nearpass quarry section, 211. New Scotland limestone, 7; fossils, 104, LOGp LOO, LOO, LEG el iiar nie 16, . 11-7, T2ZO, LAU, LAG, Wk, LAS, HAS, TEO, wep PLO MGO, SLL. OLA pao n2e3, 240, 2/50. Newfoundland, Siluric rocks, rot. Niagaran beds, 113, 128. North Beach, 95. North Cayuga, Ontario, 123. 360 Norton’s Landing, 229. Notre Dame mountains, 15. Nouvelle river, 89. Nucleospira, 88. VENbTHCOSAaAsAy. 35) 40) EO, cen ene Nuculites, 44. SPE LOZ Ie aOr explanation of plate, 300. triquetrus, 85, 233, 246. explanation of plate, 300. Odontocephalus, 132. selenurus, see Dalmanites phalus) selenurus. Odontochile, 132, 133. Ochlentwciteds 127-120. Ohio, fossils, 198. Oil or —oaF Oiseau, Cape, 82. Old Red sandstone, 87. Onchus, 80. Onondaga limestone, fauna, 123, 126, 127, LAO, TAO, LAG, TAS, TOO, TOZ, wOZ, WA, T7@O, Wot, uss, 180, TOS, ZOU, 2OOQ, Aix, DiS, Diy DWI, QAO, QAO, DA, AGI Ontario, 191, 198, 201. Orbiculoidea, 44, 249. SPiy DUB explanation of plate, 347. joel, Bi, 1iO, 229. explanation of plate, 347. jervisensis, 213. montis, 44 213, 249. explanation of plate, 347. schucherti, 65, 66. Oriskanian formation, 7, 86, 117; fossils, (Odontoce- HUG, MAK, TDA, TA. TAG, TAO, UA, wad), TAG, UGG, USO, HZ, ESO, HOS, WOA, TOK, INO OK) ANOG)y INOS Why i) Way Uplate Al L7i5y lO Lig oO OumE Oke LO 2 mo malo. I@ii, TOA, 2OO; 2OW, BOS, QUO, QUL, 2i2, DUB, 2A, DDi]y DAR, DAO, 23S, Dit DADs 243, 250. Oriskany Falls, 149. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Oriskany period, 8-10; fauna: elements of next succeeding geologic age in, ro. Oriskany sea in New York, illus., 9. Orthis, 83. allied to O. vanuxemi, 89. (Rhipidomella) ?, 203. S/Do5 BO, Bin BSc aurelia, 33, 89, 198. aymara, 174. discus, 112, 205. dubia, 203. glypta, 198. hipparionyx, 200. lepidus, 242. livia, 201, 202. loveni, 198. lucia, 204. merope, 72. musculosa, 201. Oblata, 27, 201, 2022 pectinella, 198. planoconvexa, 205. subcarinata, 112. Onthoceras sees eA eos es aeae SPon 2QOn 2p BW, WAZ: Orthonychia belli, see Platyceras (Ortho- nychia) belli. Orthostrophia canadensis, 34, 36, 112, 248. explanation of plate, 338. Ina, mia. strophomenoides, 112. Orthothetes, 242. arctostriata, 199. (Schuchertella) becraftensis, 45, 85, 86, 199, 238, 248. explanation of plate, 334. deformis, 199. (Schuchertella) woolworthanus, 34, 36, 112, 248. explanation of plate, 334. mut. gaspensis, 45, 199-200, 248. explanation of plate, 334. Ortonia, 71. SiDon Or INDEX Palaeoneilo cj. constricta, 85, 233, 246. explanation of plate, 300. maxima, 85, 233, 246. explanation of plate, 300. Palaeopinna flabellum, 34, 35, 44, 85, 107, 159-60, 233, 246. explanation of plate, 294. Parastrophia hemiplicata, 60, 61. Parma, too. Pelecypoda, 44, 154-63, 245-46. Peninsula, 42, 119, 124, 125, 136, 144, IQI. Pentamerus galeatus, 26, 33, 108, 109. Percé, geology of, 47-75; folded rocks 15, 17; Bonaventure conglomerates, 93, 94, 95; Lisle Percée, 7675, illus., 53; fossils, 20, 140, 050, 100,.275,.205, 230, 241,243. Percé anticline, 16, 100. Percé beds, 75; thickness, 74. Percé Devonic limestone, 99-100. Percé massive, 62-67. Percé Mountain, 25, 56, 94; illus., 25. Percé rock, description, 48; faults, 74; | FOSSUS, 118; 127, 730, 136, 141, 144, 045, 147, 148, 149, 152,155, 157, 168, 174, WG WRG) WG), Wer, Mey, Weds | Wevily “antolse NOZ MOS 200, 200, 208.2 il) 202) 23), aia 217, 219; illus. showing venation in limestones of, 64. : Percé strata of the Murailles and Barré brook, 69. Petit Portage, 27. Petroleum, 91-93. Phacopidella correlator, see Phacops (Pha- | copidella) correlator. Phacops, 33, 38. S20 27 2o, OL. anceps, 226. bombifrons, 119. braziliensis, 226. (Phacopidella) correlator, 84, 87, 226, | 243. explanation of plate, 272. cristatus, I19. 361 Phacops cristatus, var. pipa, 119. dagincouru, 132. loamy 33524 35,40) 65, 69.73, Dos, ILS, TG) Bekele explanation of plate, 272. var. gaspensis, 43, 119, 125, 243. explanation of plate, 272. nylanderi, 226. primaevus, 72. figures, 73. rana, 119. weaveri?, 12y, 130. Phaethonides cyclurus, 104. Phillipsastraea, 87. affinis, 218. verneuili, 46, 218, 249. Pholidops arenaria, 213. Gi wOValtay 3A, 30,4505, 00) LL3, 2125 240. explanation of plate, 346. terminalis, 45, 65, 66, 213, 249. Pholidostrophia, 186. Phthonia cylindrica, 85, 232, 246. explanation of plate, 296. Phyllocarida, 244. Physospongia, 223. Plates, explanation of, 253-348. Platyceras, 33, 44, 61. Sp., 26, 65, 148, 245. explanation of plate, 280. (Orthonychia) belli, 44, 147-48, 245. explanation of plate, 281. conicum, 148. conulus, 125. dentatum, 147. dumosum, 146. echinatum, 146. elongatum, 148. cf. fornicatum, 44, 145, 146, 245. explanation of plate, 280. gaspense, 84, 227, 245. explanation of plate, 281. guesnini, 65, 147, 245. explanation of plate, 281. 362 Platyceras lamellosum, 145. leboutillieri, 44, 65, 145, 245. explanation of plate, 280. lejeunii, 44, 147, 245. explanation of plate, 280. multispinosum, 146. cf. nodosum, 44, 146, 245. explanation of plate, 280. paxillifer, 44, 146, 245. explanation of plate, 280. plicatum, 148. pyramidatum, 148. spirale, 145. subnodosum, 146. thetis, 227. tortuosum, 44, 65, 146-47, 245. explanat on of plate, 281. unguiforme, 38, I15, 245. Platyostoma affinis, 149-50. ventricosa, 149. Plectambonites sericeus, 58, 94. Plectonotus derbyi, 154. gaspensis, see Bellerophon (Plectonotus’?) gaspensis. salteri, 154. Plethorhyncha barrandi, 46, 171, 247. explanation of plate, 308. pliopleura, 46, 91, 168, 171-72, 247. explanation of plate, 308. Pleurodictyum cf. lenticulare, 61. var. laurentinum, 46, 65, 219, 249. explanation of plate, 348. problematicum, 242. stylopora, 242. Pleurotomaria sp., 28. delia, 151. labrosa, 33, 34, 35, 105-6, 245. explanation of plate, 285. lydia, 151. princessa, 115. sulcomarginata var. leclercqi, 85, 228, 245. explanation of plate, 284. voltumna, 150. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Point St Peter, 16,956) 93, ailiac oi Poleumita princessa, 38, 115, 245. explanation of plate, 284. Polypora ? psyche, 46, 249. Port Daniel, 87, 88. Port Ewen beds, 7, 213. Port Jervis, 211. Portage Road, fossils, 210, 226, 227, 228, 22.0, 230, 23h, 232.233) 2340235, oe Oraaer 240, 241, 242. Portage shales, 233. Portugal, fossils, 127. Probolaeum ? canadense, 34, 35, 105, 245. explanation of plate, 286. Probolium, 126, 131. biardi, 65, 66, 131. esnoufi, 43 See also Dalmanites. Productus, 97. comoides, 97, 235. cora, 97. Proetus sp., 28. conradi, 135, 136. phocion, 40, 43, 65, 66, 135-36, 244. explanation of plate, 271. Prototaxites logani, 79. Protozyga exigua, 58. Psilophyton, 79, 80, 83. princeps, 79. robustius, 79. Pterinea, 88. explanation of plate, 290. fronsacia, see Actinopteria (Pterinea) fronsacia. planulata, 108. pygmaea, 231. textilis, 31, 156. var. arenaria, 89. explanation of plate, 288. Pterinopecten, 156. proteus, 44,155, 246. mut., 156-57. explanation of plate, 288. INDEX 363 Pterinopecten (Avicula) recticosta, 156. Rhynchonella, altiplicata, 108. Pteronitella venusta, 34. barrandei, 171, 172. Pteropoda, 43, 65, 143-45, 244. dryope, 170. Pterygometopus, 121. excellens, 169. cf. intermedius, 60, 61. fitchana, 172. Pterygotus, 38, 84, go, 243. glansfagea, 163. Sp., 27. multistriata, 172. Ptychopyge, 72. mutabilis, 171. ulrichi, 60, 61. oblata, 172. pleiopleura, 171, 172. LAO SY ) ee Quay, Cape Rosier Cove, illus., 37; fossils? pee palice 272. 38. ramsayi, 168. Rafinesquina, 58, 6r. semiplicata, 108. Sp., 60. vellicata, 108. Ramsay, Cape, 83. Rhynchospira, 46, 175. Rauff, cited, 221. Sp, 247. Receptaculites jonesi, 46, 225, 249. formosa, 34, 35, 10Q, 175, 247. Red peak, 70. globosa, 34, 35, 109, 247. Rensselaeria, 165, 168. explanation of plate, 310. Sp., 46, 166, 247. Richardson, James, mentioned, 19. explanation of plate, 304. Riviére des Prairies, conglomerate near, gt. aequiradiata, gr. Robin brook, 57. cayuga, 166. Robin fishing beach, 54, 71, 93. gaspensis, 166. Raster Cape, 27, 23; 30, 32, mos; Cove, marvlandica, 165. fossils, 34, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, ovalis, 166. iS)! sean, Yak 5 tear eta) Vara ke Tete ovoides, 28, 82, 83, 89, 164, 165. Round Island, conglomerate near, 91. var. gaspensis, 40, 46, 65, 66, 83, 85, 86, | Ruedemann, Rudolph, cited, 220. 164--66, 234, 246. Ruisseau du Grande Cavée, fossils, 119. explanation of plates, 302-4. Rysedorph hill, 6r. Retzia, 175. Rhipidomella, 45, 200. St Alban, Mount, 23. Sp., 248. St Alban beds, 30-36, 89; fauna, 32-36, lehuquetiana, 45, 202-3, 248. 103-14, 118, 160, 195, 233, 243, 250. explanation of plate, 338. Ste Anne, Mt, see Mt Ste Anne. logani, 39, 40, 45, 202, 248. St Anne river, 89. explanation of plate, 339. St Eustache, conglomerate near, gr. musculosa, 39, 40, 45, 90, 200, 201-2, 248. | St George’s cove, 42, gr. explanation of plates, 336, 338. St Helen’s island, Montreal, go-g1, 211. cf. oblata, 90, 201. St John river, 16, 81. penelope, 204. St Lawrence river, 15, 98. See also Orthis (Rhipidomella). St Louis limestone, 203. Rhynchonella sp., 28. St Maurice, Faucher, cited, 50. acutiplicata, 26, 28, 33. Salter, cited, 130, 174. 364 Sanguinolites tethys, 161, 296. Scaumenac beds, 87, 89, 90. Schizodus appressus, 85, 232, 246. explanation of plate, 298. ventricosus, 44, 162, 246. explanation of plate, 298. Schizophoria? amu, 45, 204, 248. explanation of plate, 340. Schoharie, 159. Schoharie grit, 108, 121, 127, 139, £61, 102), 181, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 198, 243. Schoharie valley, 120. Schuchert, Charles, mentioned, 21; cited, TO, UAB, WO, UWA, WSF, WHF, WOL, Bur, chuchertella becraftensis, see Orthothetes (Schuchertella) becraftensis. woolworthanus, see Orthothetes (Schuch- ertella) woolworthanus. Schulze, cited, 221. Scupin, cited, 178. Seal cove, 81. Selaginites, 84. formosus, 79. Serpulites, 43. SDsy BAB > Sharpe, cited, 174. Shickshock mountains, 15, 98. Shiphead, 23, 37, 39, 42, 56; illus., 40; fos- SilsS; WOR 22h 2 Ren con See TCOn Os 200, AQ, Qi, QUA, Q2Ox Sieberella galeata, 34, 35, 108-9, 247. explanation of plate, 311. Siluric, 57-62. Silver brook, 83. Simpson, G. B., mentioned, 215. Skaneateles shale, 243, 251. Sollas, cited, 221. South cove, 55, 71. Sphenotus truncatus, 85, 232, 246. explanation of plate, 290. Spirifer, 33, 83. Sp.?, 45, 183- explanation of plate, 317. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM _ Spirifer antarcticus, 178. arenosus, 45, 65, 66, 69, 70, 179, 180, 247. explanation of plate, 318. var. unicus, 45, 179-80, 247. explanation of plate, 318. arrectus, 177, 178. billingsanus, 179. blainvillii, 83. capensis, 178. chuquisaca, 178. concinnus, go. crispatus, 38, 180. cumberlandiae, 236. cycloptertis, 34, 40,45, 05, 00, 00,8 17S, 180, 181, 247. explanation of plate, 316. fimbriatus, 45, 180-81, 247. explanation of plate, 316. gaspensis, 83, 85, 89, 235-36, 247. explanation of plate, 315. laevis, 236. modestus, 61, 182. var. nitidulus, 45, 182-83, 247. explanation of plate, 314. murchisoni, 40, 45, 65, 66, 69, 70, go, 94, iy T hey Wen aon AAU. explanation of plate, 310. var. antarcticus, 178. cf. Miagarensis, 61. orbignyi, 178. perlamellosus, 33, 34, 35, 110, 247. plicatus, 40, 45, 54, 65, 66, 181-82, 247. explanation of plate, 314. pyxidatus, 182. radiatus, 237. raricosta, 45, 67, 181, 247. explanation of plate, 317. saffordi, 316 submucronatus, 236. superbus, 179, 180. tribulis, 180, 316. unicus, 179, 180 Spirifera sp., 26, 28. INDEX 365 Stropheodonta rectilateralis, 186. rosieri, 34, 35, I10, 248. explanation of plate, 322. cf. varistriata, 61, 110, 186, 322. var. arata, go. Strophodonta ampla, 197. See also Strophomena (Strophodonta) ampla. beckii, 111. leavenworthana, 111. lincklaeni, 184. magnifica, 1go. magniventra, 184. punctulifera, rir. Strophomena, 33, 83. Sp., 26, 27, 60, 89. (Strophodonta) ampla, 197. becki, 27, 162: blainvillii, 33, 82, 83, 192, 237. euglypha, rir. galatea, 188. inequiradiata, 33, 190. irene, 192, 193. lepis, 186. magnifica, 237. magniventra, 184. patersoni precedens, 33. perplana, 27, 33, 194. punctulifera, 26, 31, 33, 111, 195, 196. Spirifera arenosa, 28. crispata, 27. gaspensis, 82. unica, 179. Spiriferen sandstone, 154. Spirophyton, 34, 114. cauda-galli, 31, 36, 114, 249. Spirorbis, 79. latissimus, 43, I17, 243. explanation of plates, 266, 274, 278. Split Rock fossils, 192, 217, 236, 241. Sponge spicules, 222, 224. Sponges, 46, 220-25, 249. Spring, W., cited, 63. Square Lake limestone, 112. Stictopora, 46, 249. S/o Qiks Streptelasma cf. caliculus, 61. prolificum, 216, 217. Striatopora cf. issa, 46, 219, 249. Stromatopora, 87. Stropheodonta, 88. arata, 196. crebristriata, 187. protype simplex, 45, 66, 187-88, 248. explanation of plate, 322. demissa, 189. galatea, 45, 188-90, 248. explanation of plate, 323. hunti, 45, 185-86, 248. explanation of plate, 320. inequiradiata, 186, 187, 190, 322. lincklaeni, 45, 65, 66, 184-85, 248. explanation of plate, 320-21. magniventer, 45, 65, 66, 184, 185, 248. explanation of plate, 321. nacrea, 185. parva, 188, 189, Igo. protype avita, 45, 66, 188, 248. explanation of plate, 321. patersoni, 186, 187, 322. protype precedens, 34, 35, 45, 66, I10, 186-87, 248. explanation of plate, 322. rhomboidalis, 26, 27, 33, 38, 89, 111. tullia, tom, coz. woolworthana, 112, 199. Strophonella ampla, 45, 67, 197--98, 248. explanation of plate, 326. var. equiplicata, 197. (Amphistrophia) continens, 45, 66, 195- 97, 247. explanation of plate, 332. var. equalis, 45, 197, 247. explanation of plate, 332. var. equiplicata, 45, 196, 247. explanation of plate, 332. var. senilis, 45, 197, 247. explanation of plate, 332. 366 Strophonella leavenworthana, 34, 36, III, 248. explanation of plate, 326. punctulifera, 33, 34, 36, 90, 111, 248. explanation of plate, 326. Strophostylus, 146. expansus, 44, 150, 245. explanation of plate, 282. Subretepora, 60. Suess, cited, 100. Summary, 250-52. Tabular statement of distribution of De- vonic species, 243-49. Tar point, co, 8x. 528 Tardif, Richardson, acknowledgments to, 21 Tentaculite limestone, 148. Tentaculites, 83. Sp., 89. cartieri, 84, 226, 243. explanation of plate, 276. elongatus, 43, 65, 118, 227, 243. explanation of plate, 276. gyracanthus, 117, 276. leclercqius, 65, 117-18, 243. explanation of plate, 276. Terataspis, 137, 139. grandis, 127, 139. Thomson, cited, 221. Tichenor’s Point, 229. Traquair, cited, go. Trematopora, 71. Trematospira globosa, 109. Trenton conglomerate, 6r. Trenton limestone, 141, 108. Tretaspis reticulatus, 60, 61. Trilobita, 43, 65, 118-31, 243-44. Trochonema, 71. lescarboti, 65, 152, 245. explanation of plate, 284. Tropidocaris, 84. belli, 84, 244. Tropidocyclus brevilineatus, 85, 229, 245. explanation of plate, 286. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tropidocyclus rotalinea, 85, 229, 245. explanation of plate, 286. Ulrich, cited, 141, 174, 220. Uncinulus mutabilis, 46, 171, 247. explanation of plate, 308. vellicatus, 34, 35, 108, 247. Union county, Ill., 174. Union Springs, 149, 241. Unitrypa lata, see Fenestella cf. lata. Uralichas ribeiroi, 127, 139. Valiongo basin, fossils, 127. Vanuxem, cited, 173. Waagen, cited, 97. Wakeham, acknowledgments to, 21. Walcott, cited, 125. Waldheima globosa, rog. Waldron beds, 220. Walpole, Onis ens: Weller, cited, 181. Wenlock shale, 103. Whalehead, 16. White, David, cited, 114. Whiteaves, J. F., acknowledgments to, 21; work of, 29; cited, 87, 89, go. Whitehead, see Cape Blanc. Whitfieldella, 88. Woodward, A. S., cited, 84, go. Woodward, Henry, work of, 20. York river, 16. Zaphrentis, 33, 83, 88. Gay QOn Bile cingulosa, 33, 61, 217-18, 249. corticata, 61, 216-17, 249. incondita, 46, 89, 216, 249. rugutala, 33, I13. shumardi, 34, 36, 113, 249. cf. stokesi, 71. Zygospira, 61. recurvirostra, 72. cf. uphami, 60. . t y * men i . vi : bs ' ' * . ’ Steet inte ain ee ma eR ee — ee eer pete oe eg aa he -— seen diam. dated ebdici niet abel ttm ee ae Ce ee Dog ee = wv aM 3 9088 01300 6069