| @ Lai ‘The United States National Museum 1963 ANNUAL REPORT The United States National Museum Annual Report for the Year Ended June 30, 1963 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Untrep Srates Natrona Museum, Unver Direcrion OF THE SMITHSONIAN INstiruTION, Washington, D.C., August 15, 1963. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963. Very respectfully, Frank A. Tayror, Director, U.S. National Museum. Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. II Contents FE UMUDING Ste ee pei ieee. He eee eM ann mei RiA Pee co ah le A es 3 TU SXSEDINS TR Sweet te al ne ee ae Un en es ee lathe Care ave tan Sony iC a) Ms ue gl To (ale y ad 6 ACCESSIONS ... Sea te Maciel moe nc on AL io Semtig E 25 CARE OF Commnenons Sic cl ab 0d balay espe roy Midas ace Welt Lae yea we oh Wa Oe FIP eae 43 JERAVABSIMTIGLATNIOM ARID) IRIRIUAIROIT 5 5 6 oo 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 53 ATI CHEOMOlO Syms ewe hee PORES eC ciag ces soe Ce Ne uaa unc 53 TL EXON ees Fl RANG ed. tate 1 oui,» cranes RE ero Usted en pA aire cau tae 59 VEY EONS FS: ace Nis a aS i et lr IN ae SRR RM ne) LUA een Ceo) REIN 73 GCGeOlO oy eerie iat Means ae eter ieee BIO SUP gene TOE cae Puan accep hia ad Oceamograp yer sey cra hs ecek i mete a oN Peo ay gues eae alr andia petcnten IA ids 86 SclenceranGwele chmolo gy raw mashes ulcer Ps wet eau rma laren ee isa 90 ATtSHam Ge Mam ACEULES: si, Gems ee ycdese Meee eT Age cee ute ae my le Wd is 94 Civil History. . . AO Ne SES eee te oe Hema ec rst trae enum Sasa lean Ge 96 Armed Forces SSO « le Sica iar eng ie nme ie! hy ore a Ort dry Meninee 102 PUBLICATIONS ... ea test Rall eae rset Fe DEN CM AL wa 105 DONORS TO THE NATONIE Connacmmane Sit HUNBEA?, cs NACA Gri h suc eh es 116 PAND PIRINID Teepe hoa vat ep ts lie cape aa eae oan eRe eth ecsee SHU ca one APR ya 203 III June 30, 1963 United States National Museum Director: Frank A. Taylor Registrar: Helena M. Weiss Conservator: Charles H. Olin Museum or NATuRAL History Director: T. Dale Stewart Assistant Director: R. S. Cowan Assistant Director for Oceanography: I. E. Wallen Mabel A. Byrd, Administrative Officer Department of Anthropology ARCHEOLOGY : Clifford Evans, Jr., cura- tor Gus W. Van Beek, associate curator ErHNoLoecy : Saul H. Riesenberg, cura- tor Gordon D. Gibson, associate curator Bugene I. Knez, associate curator Waldo R. Wedel, head curator William H. Crocker, associate cura- tor PuysicAL ANTHROPOLOGY: J. Law- rence Angel, curator A. Joseph Andrews, exhibits spe- cialist Department of Zoology: Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., head curator Fenner A. Chace, Jr., senior scientist ; Watson M. Perrygo, in charge of Taxidermy MamMars: David H. Johnson, cura- tor Henry W. Setzer, associate curator Charles O. Handley, Jr., associate curator 31RDS: Philip S. Humphrey, curator George E. Watson, assistant cura- tor ReEPriLeS AND AMPHIBIANS: Doris M. Cochran, curator Fisues: Leonard P. Schultz, curator Ernest A. Lachner, associate cura- tor William R. Taylor, associate cura- tor Victor G. Springer, associate cura- tor Stanley H. curator Robert H. Gibbs, Jr., associate curator Insecrs: J. F. Gates Clarke, curator Oscar L. Cartwright, associate cura- tor lv Weitzman, associate Ralph E. Crabill, Jr., associate cura- tor William D. Field, associate curator Oliver S. Flint, Jr., associate cura- tor Donald R. Davis, associate curator Donald W. Duckworth, associate curator Paul J. Spangler, associate curator MARINE INVERTEBRATES: Donald F. Squires, curator Thomas E. Bowman, associate cura- tor Charles HE. Cutress, Jr., associate curator Marian H. Pettibone, associate ecura- tor Raymond B. Manning, associate eurator Montiusks: Harald A. Rehder, cura- tor Joseph P. E. Morrison, associate curator Joseph Rosewater, associate cura- tor Department of Botany: Jason R. Swallen, head curator PHANEROGAMS: Lyman B. Smith, cu- rator Velva E. Rudd, associate curator John J. Wurdack, associate curator Stanwyn G. Shetler, assistant cu- rator FERNS: Conrad V. Morton, curator GRASSES: Jason R. Swallen, acting curator Thomas R. Soderstrom, associate curator Department of Geology: G. MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY: George S. Switzer, curator Edward P. Henderson, associate eurator Paul HE. Desautels, associate cura- tor Roy S. Clarke, Jr., chemist INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND PA- LEOBOTANY: Richard S. Board- man, curator Porter M. Kier, associate curator Richard Cifelli, associate curator CRYPTOGRAMS: Mason H. Hale, Jr., cu- rator Paul 8S. Conger, associate curator Harold EH. Robinson, associate cu- rator Richard E. Norris, associate curator Puant ANATOMY: William L. Stern, curator Richard H. Eyde, associate curator Arthur Cooper, head curator Erle G. Kauffman, associate cura- tor Francis M. Hueher, associate cura- tor Martin A. Buzas, associate curator VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY: C. Lewis Gazin, curator David H. Dunkle, associate curator Nicholas Hotton III, associate cu- rator Franklin I. Pearce, exhibits spe- cialist Oceanography Program: I. E. Wallen, Assistant Director for Oceanography SMITHSONIAN OCEANOGRAPHIC SORTING CENTER H. Adair Fehlmann, supervisory museum specialist Museum oF History AND TECHNOLOGY Director: Frank A. Taylor Assistant Director: John C. Ewers William E. Boyle, administrative officer Virginia Beets, administrative officer Department of Science and Technology: Robert P. Multhauf, head curator PHYSICAL SCIENCES: Robert P. Mult- hauf, acting curator Walter F. Cannon, associate curator MECHANICAL AND Civil ENGINEERING : Silvio A. Bedini, curator; in charge of Section of Tools Edwin A. Battison, associate cura- tor, Sections of Light Machinery and Horology Robert M. Vogel, associate curator, Sections of Heavy Machinery and Civil Engineering ELeEctTRIcITy: Bernard S. Finn, as- sociate curator in charge TRANSPORTATION : Howard I. Chapelle, curator; in charge of Section of Marine Transportation Kenneth M. Perry, associate curator John H. White, Jr., associate cura- tor, Section of Land Transporta- tion MepiIcaL Sciences: Sami K. Hamar- neh, curator; in charge of Sec- tions of Medical and Dental History and Pharmaceutical His- tory and Health Department of Arts and Manufactures: Philip W. Bishop, head curator MANUFACTURES AND HEAvy INDUS- TRIES: Philip W. Bishop, acting eurator AGRICULTURE AND FOREST PRODUCTS: Edward C. Kendall, associate curator in charge TexTILES : Mrs. Grace Rogers Cooper, curator CERAMICS AND GLASS: Paul V. Gard- ner, curator J. Jefferson Miller II, assistant curator GRAPHIC ARTS: Jacob Kainen, curator Fuller O. Griffith, associate curator Eugene Ostroff, associate curator, Section of Photography Department of Civil History: Richard H. Howland, head curator Peter C. Welsh, curator; Mrs. Doris Esch Borthwick, assistant curator ; Ellen J. Finnegan, assistant curator PouiricAL History: Wilcomb H. Washburn, curator Mrs. Margaret Brown Klapthor, associate curator Mrs. Anne W. Murray, assistant curator Herbert R. Collins, assistant curator Keith E. Melder, assistant curator CuLTURAL History: C. Malcolm Wat- kins, curator Rodris C. Roth, associate curator Mrs. Cynthia Adams Hoover, assist- ant curator John N. Pearce, assistant curator Anthony W. Hathaway, assistant curator PHILATELY AND POSTAL HISTORY: Francis J. McCall, associate curator in charge Carl H. Scheele, assistant curator NUMISMATICS: Vladimir Clain-Stefa- nelli, curator Mrs. Elvira Clain-Stefanelli, asso- ciate curator Barbara F. Bode, junior curator Department of Armed Forces History: Mendel?L. Peterson, head curator Minirary History: Edgar M. Howell, curator Craddock R. Goins, Jr., associate curator NAVAL History: Philip K. Lundeberg, curator Melvin H. Jackson, associate curator Office of Exhibits: John E. Anglim, Chief MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LABORA- Tory: A. Gilbert Wright, assistant chief Julius Tretick, production super- visor vI MUSEUM oF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY: Benjamin W. Law- less, chief Bela S. Bory, production supervisor Honorary Smithsonian Fellows, Associates, Collaborators, Custodians of Collections, and Honorary Curators Anthropology John M. Campbell, Archeology Neil M. Judd, Archeology Herbert W. Krieger, Ethnology Betty J. Meggers, Archeology Frank M. Setzler, Anthropology H. Morgan Smith, Archeology Walter W. Taylor, Jr., Anthropology William J. Tobin, Physical Anthro- pology Zoology Oliver L. Austin, Birds Willard W. Becklund, Helminthology Doris H. Blake, Insects J. Bruce Bredin, Biology William L. Brown, Mammals Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr., Insects Ailsa M. Clark, Marine Invertebrates Herbert G. Deignan, Birds Carl J. Drake, Insects Ix. C. Emerson, Insects Herbert Friedmann, Birds Frank M. Hull, Insects Laurence Irving, Birds William L. Jellison, Insects Allen MeIntosh, Mollusks J. Percy Moore, Marine Invertebrates Carl KF. W. Muesebeck, Insects Waldo L. Schmitt, Marine Inverte- brates Bejamin Schwartz, Helminthology Robert E. Snodgrass, Insects* Thomas H. Snyder, Isoptera Henry K. Townes, Insects Robert Traub, Mammals Alexander Wetmore, Birds Mrs. Mildred Stratton Wilson, Cope- pod Crustacea Botany Chester R. Benjamin, Fungi Agnes Chase, Grasses HUsworth P. Killip, Phanerogams Hmory C. Leonard, Phanerogams Floyd A. McClure, Grasses Kittie F. Parker, Phanerogams John A. Stevenson, Fungi William N. Watkins, Woods Geology C. Wythe Cooke, Invertebrate Pale- ontology J. Thomas Dutro, Invertebrate Pale- ontology Remington Kellogg, Vertebrate Pale- ontology Axel A. Olsson, Invertebrate Pale- ontology Waldemar T. Schaller, Mineralogy Wendell P. Woodring, Invertebrate Paleontology Science and Technology Derek J. Price Civil History Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood, Cultural History Elmer C. Herber, History Ivor Noél Hume, Cultural History Fred W. McKay, Numismatics Emery May Norweb, Numismatics R. Henry Norweb, Numismatics Armed Forces History William Rea Furlong Frederic C. Lane *Deceased, September 4, 1962. Byron McCandless VII Retirement of Dr. A. Remington Kellogg On October 31, 1962, Dr. A. Remington Kellogg, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and Director of the United States Na- tional Museum, retired and assumed the status of honorary research associate of the Smithsonian. During Dr. Kellogg’s service as Direc- tor from 1948, the National Museum experienced a remarkable growth. The collections grew from 25 million specimens in 1948 to 56 million in 1962. A renovation of exhibits programs revitalized more than 20 exhibition halls in the National Museum. A wing was added to the natural history building and a new Museum of History ana Technology was built. Dr. Kellogg directed the programs that pro- duced these results and participated strongly in executing them. Prior to becoming Director of the National Museum, Dr. Kelloge had served in the division of mammals, beginning in 1928 as assistant curator and becoming curator of the division in 1941. His mam scientific interest has been and continues to be the biology and paleon- tology of whales. VIII Annual Report of the Director United States National Museum The first completed space in the Museum of History and Technology was turned over to the curatorial staff on May 19, 1963. Buildings During the year, the Administrator and the Commissioner of the Public Buildings Services, General Services Administration, have given their attention very generously to the construction of the New Museum of History and Technology, to renovation of the Museum of Natural History and the addition of wings to that building, and to oth- er Smithsonian construction projects. Many other officials at both the central and the regional offices of the General Services Administration have been most helpful with advice and counsel. Mr. John E. Cudd, liaison architect, devoted his entire time to the Museum of History and Technology during the year and his expert judgment has been most appreciated. Mr. Thomas A. Reneau, construction management en- gineer, has continued to provide advice and information on the prog- ress of the work. Museum of History and Technology The construction of the Museum of History and Technology build- ing was reported by the General Services Administration June 22, 1963 to be 98 percent complete. The Board of Regents at their meet- ing of May 15, 1963, approved partial occupancy of the building for the purpose of installing exhibits in spaces accepted from the Con- tractor by the General Services Administration and offered to the Smithsonian as complete. On May 19, 1963, Smithsonian personnel were able to begin placing collections and exhibits in limited areas of the building. ‘These spaces are being occupied according to the plan based upon the contractor’s determination, made at the start of con- struction, of the order in which parts of the building would be completed. Details of the progress of construction are contained in the report of the Jomt Congressional Committee on Construction of a Building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian Insti- tution (Senate Doc. No. 40, 88th Cong., 1st Sess., Oct. 22, 1963). This report is here reprinted as an appendix (see p. 203). 4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 Museum of Natural History During the year the new east wing of the natural history building was completed and the department of geology and the divisions of birds and mollusks moved into their new quarters. For the first time in many years these units now have adequate workrooms and labora- tories. The space provided for the systematic reference collections will permit these materials to be arranged to serve efficiently the hun- dreds of scientists who find them indispensable to their essential researches. The part of the renovation of the existing building that is included in the construction of the east wing has provided air conditioning of the reference storage areas and the exhibit halls. This air condition- ing is necessary for the preservation of the collections. Visiting the Museum is now much more pleasant for the hundreds of thousands of summer visitors who, as a result, are induced to stay longer and absorb more of the instruction and inspiration the exhibits provide. At the close of the year, the contract for the construction of the west wing and the remaining renovation of the old building had not been awarded. Funds Allotted From the funds appropriated by the Congress to carry on the op- erations of the Smithsonian Institution and its bureaus during the fiscal year 1963, the sum of $4,846,000 was obligated by the United States National Museum for the preservation, increase and study of the national collections of anthropological, zoological, botanical, and geological materials, as well as materials illustrative of engi- neering, technology, industry, graphic arts, and history. (This amount includes sums expended for the program of exhibits modernization. ) East wing of Museum of Natural History was occupied starting August 16, 1962. Top: south front, from Madison Drive and the Mall. Middle: east and north fronts, from corner of 9th Street and Constitution Avenue. Bottom: south (Mall) front of Museum from the air, showing east wing, with Department of Justice and Archives buildings in the background, across Constitution Avenue. Exhibits Especially noteworthy accomplishments in the exhibits program during the year were the reopening of three large halls of modernized exhibits in the Museum of Natural History, and the beginning of in- stallation of exhibits in the new Museum of History and Technology. With the opening of the second hall of North American archeology, the hall of marine life, and the hall of dinosaurs and fossil reptiles, all but three of the galleries on the first floor of the Museum of Natural History have been modernized, as have the majority of the halls in the east half of the second floor. Following his appointment to the directorship of the Museum of Natural History, Dr. T. Dale Stewart assumed the chairmanship of the committee coordinating and super- vising the modernization of exhibits in natural history. Assistant director Richard S. Cowan has assumed responsibility for integrating the efforts of the curators and exhibits office personnel participating in the preparation of natural history exhibits. John H. Morrissey, project review chief, architectural branch of the Public Buildings Service, General Services Administration, and Pasquelle Battestelli, Julius J. Dickinson, and Joseph S. Cromwell, Jr., design architects of that agency, contributed substantially to the design of the renovated exhibition halls. Exhibits chief John E. Anglim continued in charge of the plan- ning and preparation of all exhibits and directly supervised the opera- tion of the exhibits laboratory in the Natural History building. In June 1963 Gilbert Wright joined the staff of that laboratory to assist in its supervision. Julius Tretick supervised the production and in- stallation of natural history exhibits. In late May and June 1963 the installation of exhibits in four halls of the new Museum of History and Technology was initiated. Ex- hibits units were prepared for 15 of the halls in the new museum dur- ing the year. ‘Two other halls were in the exhibits design stage of their development. Assistant director John C. Ewers continued to coordinate the work of the curators and the exhibits staff in the ex- hibits program for the Museum of History and Technology, and Benjamin W. Lawless continued to supervise the design and produc- tion of exhibits for this museum as well as the preparation of addi- tional displays for the Air and Space building. He was assisted by Bela S. Bory in production, Robert Klinger in the model shop, and Robert Widder in design. Carroll Lusk entered on duty as exhibits lighting specialist in January. ‘The editing of the curators’ drafts of exhibits scripts was continued by George Weiner, with the assistance of Constance Minkin and Edna Wright. 6 EXHIBITS a Anthropology Modernization of exhibits continued to absorb a major share of the efforts of curators in all divisions throughout the year. On November 16, 1962, the second hall of North American arche- ology was reopened to the public, presenting 38 modernized displays. An introductory section of six units explains the objectives and dating methods of systematic archeology. Four exhibits show characteristic weapon points and other artifacts of the Folsom, Agate Basin, and other big game hunters of 7,000 to 10,000 years ago. ‘The remainder of the hall presents regional displays of the cultures of Southeastern, Middle Atlantic, and Northeastern United States, and those of the Great Plains. Within each region, cultural variations through time : 4 i i i Entrance to second renovated hall of North American archeology in the Museum of Natural History, opened to the public in November 1962. are revealed in representative artifacts and art work. Among these exhibits are outstanding prehistoric textiles, engraved conch shells, and other objects from Spiro Mound, Okla.; embossed copper plates, monolithic axes, effigy pottery, and sculpture from the South- east; prehistoric wood carvings from Florida; and ancient copper objects from the upper Great Lakes. Some maps and charts, and a reconstructed burial complex from Spiro Mound remain to be installed. Curator Waldo R. Wedel prepared the scripts and selected the speci- mens for this hall, with the expert assistance of Dr. C. G. Holland for the Virginia-Maryland section and Dr. W. A. Ritchie for the North- eastern United States section. Ray Hays and Mrs. Barbara Craig were responsible for the design of the exhibits. 8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1968 Contract construction was completed for the fourth and last of the ethnological halls in the modernization program. Adjoining the recently opened hall of Pacific and Southeast Asian peoples, it will be devoted to exhibits on Africa, the Near East, and eastern Asia. Associate curator Gordon D. Gibson prepared 12 exhibit scripts and obtained materials for several more units in the African section of this INDIANS OF THE POTOMAC VALLEY North American archeology: Indians of the Potomac Valley lived in stockaded villages when John Smith visited Patawomeke in 1608. hall. Associate curator Eugene I. Knez completed six scripts for exhibits on contemporary life for the Asian section. During his field trip early in 1963 curator Saul Riesenberg obtained for the hall of Pacific and Asian peoples photographs and other data needed to complete a diorama on Pan Kedira, a megalithic structure on an artificial islet near Ponape. Associate curator William H. Crocker has collaborated with Mrs. Sophy Burnham of the Smith- sonian Museum Service in preparing three new Audioguide tapes for the alcoves of South American ethnology. Associate curator Gus Van Beek and exhibits designer R. O. Hower completed plans for the layout of the new hall of Old World arche- ology. This will present in 59 exhibits a synopsis of Old World cul- tural history from earliest times to the end of the Roman era. Renovation of some of the more important casts of Near Eastern monuments was begun, including experiments to determine the feasi- bility of reproducing the casts in more durable and lighter plastics. EXHIBITS 9 While he was still head curator of the department, Dr. 'T. D. Stew- art, with the assistance of exhibits designer Joseph Shannon, com- pleted the plan for the new hall of physical anthropology. During the year Dr. Stewart prepared detailed scripts for 14 exhibits, and Dr. Angel completed the specifications for a large map of peoples of the world. Contract renovation of the hall was begun March 30. Zoology The curators of all divisions (with the exception of insects) were engaged in the planning and development of modernized exhibition halls during the year. The hall of lfe in the sea was officially opened to the public on February 18, 1963. Secretary Carmichael presented Dr. Remington Kellogg, recently retired assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, who spoke about the dominant figure in the hall—a life-sized model of a blue whale prepared under his direction. A motion pic- ture documenting the construction of this impressive exhibit also was shown at the opening ceremonies. Among the mammals displayed in the initial installation in this hall (which includes both permanent and temporary displays) are a sea otter and models of six different kinds of porpoises. A mural presents the silhouettes of five other species of whale on the wall below the blue whale. Fishes exhibited in- clude the white mako, and big-eyed thresher shark, Pacific sailfish, and bluefin tuna. o o 5 «6 0 0 0 6 6 0 6 6 6 6 Atl), AER S8X8 MGMT aS iy yo omeretne., Eu os Sethian es eee, oe a 302, 649 IBITdS ane PRO ETT eet En te Ron Comes 504, 983 Reptiles and Aenanibinne Sean MERA PRS (cae SURE gr 155, 338 JUSTE) 9 hgh AS UN an ea eih sO SUE ees Rt RUMOR a0 Sm me el ea AL 5 IMSects ses aS eeu ares nny A Pel cee ed en a CLO ernie Marine Invertebr ates rider Metis Cel age NO Sumer) Nts on eyplbee emma Peed ea BVO Yo IMOMMIS KSI AMisy ack fe. cents’, nnhahaanee bs Rs) Oo. Wh oe NOMIGD ER SOD, MEVe LMG Gene aoe sere eb see hdd | oi ee 4A gi 50, 833 DEAR MEN TRORR DORAN ene ner a) Sh eee ere woe a eae Annee S(O 56G20 PHAWeLOSAMISIs ty a) ete se aan te) Dan ie be 0 FM 948520 JENGTEINS) ie Ree ig oy eee cece ie eaten Neem es ee a 237, 193 ChEASSCSREEIME MUGaR IE re ane Sal Se Shh Ee 2. Ua wl. 391, 529 Cry LOANS ys Micelles a anatase SATB ts ad bey eee 465, 130 PlanGPAMabOmnyanee on ums st Ie ote ire Tak nt Ae 38, 648 DEP AR EME NEE OR Mm GHOROGYa te imetn li le mi es Sal ee he Sut OuSOo Mineralogy and Petrology sp 405, 295 Invertebrate Paleontology ana Palesborane . . 12, 658, 660 Wertebrate Paleontology - 2°. 2. ... 5. ... 45, 937 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ....... =... 73, 472 Physical Sciences 3, 832 Mechanical and Civil myeineerins 10, 375 Electricity . Hao Transportation 25, 263 Medical Sciences 28, 465 26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES .......... 145, 573 Mextilesiey ye PM TaN Erte | Tl Freeh Uae aN waa es bee oe Up 34, 366 Ceramics and Ginee Sedat Pegi top ete eh seMty at fon tn 16, 384 Graphic Arts .. . Sesh hae 50, 141 Manufactures and Hea ey, industtics seine ee bay 34, 471 Agriculture and Forest Products . .... . 10, 211 DEPARTMENT OF Civit HISTORY) 3) 3 6) yee eee a er ee COS acO2 Political REMStOnyos te ese ence oa fees ote cena 46, 618 Cultural History. . . . ST ee eR Lae 20, 996 Philately and Postal Tetisteorey Th les oe tebieti ae nee MOR DOO MAG INUMESMATICSIA S05 Sa oh se teee Sle ea eS 140, 371 DEPARTMENT OF ARMED ForcES HISTORY . .......... 49, 664 Military weistory ss i Awa iets oe ho eaten cen ne 40, O75 MNase EDT SHOT yet eet eee nn wound ned atu ae. Deed ate Neat olka cei 9, 589 ToTAT MUSEUM COLLECEIONS 59% 5 5 5 2 © 5 4 « © 9 4 olpo tien Anthropology Most of the material accessioned in the division of archeology is in a collection of 8,431 specimens from Alaska, gathered for the mu- seum by Dr. J. A. Ford, and comprising the subject of his recently published monograph, “Eskimo prehistory in the vicinity of Poimt Barrow.” Three important collections of Iranian materials, rang- ing in time from about 2000 B.C. to the 3d century A.D. and in- cluding several pieces that will be used in new exhibits, were pre- sented by Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Cuomo, Mr. and Mrs, Daniel F. Magner, and C. Edward Wells. James Pi Mandaville, Jr., donated North Arabian pottery and terra cotta figurine fragments, and an inscribed copper hoe blade, from the beginning of the Christian Era to the early Islamic period. Coming from one of the least known areas in the Middle East, these items constitute a very useful addition to the study collections. A rare anthropomorphic pottery figure from the Bahia culture of the Esmeraldas region, Ecuador, was obtained from Mrs. Erika Burt. The North American study collections were expanded by acquisition of survey materials from Virginia sites pre- sented by Dr. C. G. Holland and by Maryland materials from R. E. Stearns. The largest single accession of the year is a collection of 50,000 somatotype photographic negatives received by the division of physi- cal anthropology from the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environ- mental Medicine. Made during the U.S. Army survey of male body build in 1945-46 under direction of E. A. Hooton, they form the basis for the Harvard system of rating body build. The collection, largest of its kind, will be available for study only by qualified professionals. ACCESSIONS il Useful for study and exhibit purposes are a new set of casts of the original Neanderthal skeleton, gift of the Rheimisches Landesmuseum, Bonn, Germany, and excellent casts of Oreopithecus from central Italy, received from the Natural History Museum in Basel, Switzer- land. Other accessions include human skeletal materials from Mex- ico, Alaska, and various parts of the United States. In the division of ethnology, under the exhibits modernization program, 365 Chinese specimens were obtained from Taiwan with assistance of the National Historical Museum and the Provincial Mu- seum and under direction of the Ministry of Education and the Aca- demia Sinica. This includes material to represent six cultural themes in exhibits now in the detailed planning stage. The government of Viet Nam, through its embassy, donated 67 specimens of textiles, bronze vessels, and wooden chests. Traditional court costume from Indonesia is represented by 25 items presented by His Highness, Sri Paku Alam VIII, through the American embassy in Djakarta. A collection of 103 ornaments, household items, and weapons of the Burundi people was obtained from David W. Doyle, American vice- consul at Usumbura, Burundi, especially for use in future exhibits. Already on display is a large wooden tamborin house figure from New Guinea, obtained from John H. Brandt. Herbert G. Deignan, former curator of ornithology, presented 43 weapons and other objects from North Borneo and North Thailand. Zoology Principally as the result of intensive field activity by staff members and cooperating agencies, approximately 9,200 specimens have been added to the mammal collections. The larger collections were made in Panama by Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Green- well; in Formosa, by U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2; in Turkey, by Dale Osborn; in Libya and Iran, by Gary L. Ranck; in West Pakistan and Mexico, by the Department of Microbiology of the University of Maryland School of Medicine; and in the Mala- gasy Republic, by Kenneth I. Lange and James H. Shaw. Dr. Henry W. Setzer of the museum staff participated in the latter three projects. Other valuable collections were made in Ruanda-Urundi by Alena Hlbl of the University of Maryland, in Nicaragua by Dr. L. G. Clark of the University of Pennsylvania, and in southern Mexico by William J. Schaldach, Jr. Individual specimens of outstanding importance are a large male walrus collected for the exhibition series by Hugh H. Logan, and two paratypes of the bat Philippinopterus lanei, presented by Dr. Edward H. Taylor. 28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 A total of 2,259 bird skins and 1,011 anatomical specimens were received in the division of birds. Outstanding collections include 608 skins, 21 skeletons, and 1 egg from Panama, and 198 skeletons from Kenya, received through Dr. Alexander Wetmore; 642 skins, 128 skeletons, and 9 aleohohe specimens from the U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service; 198 skins from Formosa by transfer from U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, through Dr. Robert EK. Kuntz; and a collection of wooden gamebird calls, together with tape recordings demonstrating their use, from Dr. Augusto Ruschi, director Museu de Biologia-“Prof. Mello Leitao,” Brazil. Noteworthy additions to the collection of the division of reptiles and amphibians comprise a gift of 325 Colombian frogs, including types and paratypes, from Brother Nicéforo Maria, Bogota, Colom- bia; a gift of 162 reptiles and amphibians collected in Mexico and Central America from Elkan J. Morris, Fairbanks, Alaska; 71 reptiles and amphibians collected for the Museum in Panama by Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Greenwell; 70 amphibians collected for the Museum from South America and Panama by Mrs. Doris H. Blake and Dr. Doris M. Cochran; an exchange of 27 Colombian frogs with the Chicago Natural History Museum; and an exchange of 21 Brazilian frogs with Werner C. A. Boker- mann, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Among the 838 specimens received on exchange by the division of fishes from Dr. Wolfgang Klausewitz, Frankfurt, Germany, was the holotype of a new Dascyllus. In addition holotypes have been re- ceived from Drs. Giles W. Mead and Henry B. Bigelow, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Dr. George S. Myers, Stanford University; and Loren P. Woods, Chicago Natural History Museum. Paratypes have been received from Dr. C. Richard Robins, University of Miami, Marine Laboratory; Dr. George S. Myers; Dr. Norman J. Wilimovsky, University of British Columbia; Dr. Robert R. Miller, University of Michigan; Dr. Edward C. Raney, Cornell University; Dr. Jacques R. Géry, Laboratoire Arago, France; and Dr. José Alvarez del Villar, Instituto Politéchnico Nacional, México. Nine filing cases of valuable illustrations of fishes, published in past volumes of their publications, were transferred from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Other important accessions include 2,625 fishes from Dr. Daniel M. Cohen, Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., and Dr. A. R. Longhurst. Under separate accessions, 503 fishes have been received from Frederick H. Berry, Dr. Frank J. Hester, Susumu Kato, Herbert C. Perkins, Dr. Donald W. Strasburg, and Paul J. Strusaker. Martin Moe, Florida State Board of Conservation, donated 2,905 fishes from Florida, and Horace Loftin and Dr. Ralph W. Yerger sent, on ex- ACCESSIONS 29 ea Sa a Research associate Alexander Wetmore and associate curator George Watson examine part of collection of South American game-bird calls, gift of Dr. Augusto Ruschi of Brazil. change, 10,000 freshwater fishes from the Panama Canal Zone, collected by Mr. Loftin. The division of insects received a total of 1,209,339 specimens in 327 separate transactions. The largest single accession ever received by the division is a collection of Coccidae (scale insects), conserva- tively estimated to contain 1,000,000 specimens, transferred from the U.S. Department of Agriculture through Dr. William H. Anderson. Additional important collections include the Harold E. Box collection of Neotropical cane-boring moths of the genus Diatraea comprising some 5,000 specimens; a donation of 8,000 North American butterflies and moths by Dr. George W. Rawson; the acquisition of the J. C. Hopfinger collection of butterflies and moths; 6,741 specimens, mostly Coleoptera, from William W. Pinch; 805 Brazilian insects from Dr. C. M. Biezanko; 6,543 British Columbian insects from C. B. D. Gar- rett; 6,612 specimens from N. L. H. Krauss, who has been a devoted contributor for many years; 2,000 specimens from Guatemala from Thomas H. Farr; 2,600 specimens, mostly leafhoppers collected in 30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 India, from Dr. Paul W. Oman, Entomology Research Division, Agri- culture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and 3,292 additional specimens from the large collection made in Liberia by Dr. C. C. Blickenstaff. Additions made by the staff include 1,454 Neotropical insects from Mrs. Doris M. Blake; 1,500 specimens from Mrs. Mary M. Quigley; 285 specimens, chiefly Orthoptera, from Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 900 specimens, mostly European centi- pedes, from Dr. Ralph E. Crabill, Jr.; 41,110 specimens collected in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and North America from Dr. Paul J. Spangler; 400 specimens of butterflies from the eastern United States from William D. Field; 1,192 miscellaneous insects, chiefly caddis flies, from Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.; 7,826 specimens, mostly Micro- lepidoptera, from the northwestern United States from Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke; 1,000 specimens collected in Libya from Gary L. Ranck of the division of mammals; and 369 specimens, including 11 holotypes, of wasps and bees from Dr. Karl V. Krombein, U.S. Department of Agriculture. By transfer from the Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 62,617 specimens were accessioned. Others making important dona- tions to the collections are Bernard Feinstein, formerly of the Mu- seum staff, who donated a series of buffalo lice from Viet Nam; and Drs. Nell B. Causey, George E. Ball, W. L. Brown, and Richard L. Hoffman, all of whom made valuable additions to the collections of myriapods. Among a record number of collections formally accessioned for the division of marine invertebrates were several of unusual impor- tance. Leshe Hubricht of Meridian, Miss., donated his personal col- lection of 32,527 freshwater invertebrates, containing what is probably the largest and most valuable series of American freshwater isopod crustaceans ever brought together. Final processing of material re- ceived from the Fourth Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition in 1960 revealed a total of 33,177 marine invertebrates from Yucatan and the Cayman Islands. From the Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, through Dr. Harry S. Ladd, came 1,079 corals from the Marshall Islands, including 217 type and figured specimens described by Dr. J. W. Wells in his comprehensive mono- graph on Indo-Pacific reef corals. Three transactions covering ma- terial collected by the exploratory fishery investigations of the Pas- cagoula Fishery Station of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, added 3,384 important marine inverte- brates to the national collections. An accession containing 852 cope- pod and isopod crustaceans, including 7 holotypes, and 7 allotypes, ACCESSIONS 251 and 594 paratypes of 15 species of copepods, was received from Bos- ton University, through Dr. Arthur G. Humes. From the Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research, through Dr. J. Laurens Bar- nard, were received 974 isopod and 322 amphipod crustaceans, in- cluding holotypes, allotypes, and 198 paratypes of 4 species of isopods described by Dr. Robert J. Menzies. Accessioned for the division of mollusks were 3,160 lots comprising 23,967 specimens. Among them were 3,895 specimens from North Borneo, purchased through the Chamberlain Fund. A collection of 198 lots, 1,194 specimens, of marine and land mollusks was made for the museum on Eniwetok Atoll by Dr. Joseph Rosewater. Mr. and Mrs. Delmas H. Nucker donated 145 lots containing 699 specimens of marine mollusks from the Caroline Islands, and Dr. Tadashige Habe added 120 specimens, of which 28 are paratypes, of recently described mollusks from Japan. Holotypes of molluscan species and subspecies were received from Dr. Raul Guitart, Dr. Harry W. Wells, Leslie Hub- richt, Thomas L. McGinty, and William G. Pearcy and from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Laboratory, Pascagoula, Miss., through Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. A total of 1,257 helminthological specimens, among which were many types of new species, were added to the col- lection housed in the Parasitological Laboratory of the Animal Dis- ease and Parasite Research Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Botany A fine collection of 4,143 herbarium specimens and 480 wood sam- ples was presented by Boris A. Krukoff, Smithtown, N.Y., adding appreciably to the Museum’s representation from Brazil. Among them was a group of woods from laticiferous plants on which anatomical research was planned by Mr. Krukoff. Dr. José Cuatrecasas gave 3,200 specimens which he collected in Colombia. Other gifts included 620 excellent specimens of Pennsylvania plants from Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pa.; 850 cryptogams, mostly mosses, from Dr. F. J. Hermann, Adelphi, Md.; and 504 specimens from the Univer- sity of Alaska. Several large collections were received in exchange. A group of 845 slides of pollen of African plants was received from Duke Uni- versity through Mrs. Shirlee Cavaliere and 765 slides from the Pan American Petroleum Corporation of Tulsa, Okla., through Dr. Donald W. Engelhardt. The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University sent 1,037 specimens collected by Dr. L. J. Brass on the 4th Archbold Ex- pedition to New Guinea. Other exchanges included 845 specimens of Asia and eastern Europe from the V. L. Komaroy Institute of Botany, 32 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; 888 specimens collected in Mexico by Dr. Faustino Miranda from the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de México; and 382 plants of Australia from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne. Dr. John J. Wurdack collected 9,259 specimens in Peru; Drs. R. 8. Cowan and Thomas R. Soderstrom collected 3,370 specimens in Brit- ish Guiana; and Dr. William Stern collected 489 specimens in Ore- gon, Wyoming, and Colorado. From the Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, were transferred 801 specimens collected on the Pacific Islands by Dr. F. R. Fosberg; from the Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the In- terior, 420 plants collected in Alaska by Frank Beals; and from the Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 235 speci- mens collected in Iran and Mexico by Dr. Howard Scott Gentry. Geology A total of 3,885 specimens was received in the division of mineralogy and petrology. Among the important gifts are very fine specimens of legrandite, Mapimi, Mexico, from Bernard T. Rocca, Sr., and an exceptional specimen of fairfieldite, King’s Mountain, N. C., from Carter Hudgins. Outstanding among specimens received by exchange was a collection of cerussite, azurite and associated minerals from Tsumeb, South West Africa; a crystal of vivianite, 31 inches in length from the Cameroons; and a fine piece of malachite, from the Congo. New species received in exchange were: calumetite, Michigan; angel- ellite, Argentina; arsenate-belovite, fersmite, gerasimovskite, kuplet- skite, lomonossovite, and vinogradovite, from the U.S.S.R., bafertisite, Inner Mongolia; bergenite, Kast Germany; bonattite, Canada; carob- bite and cuprorivaite, Italy; hydroamesite, Hungary; reinerite, stranskite and gallite, South West Africa; and schuetteite and wight- manite, California. The matrix of a tourmaline crystal from Baja California, Mexico, was received in exchange from Miss Josephine Scripps after she had seen the photograph of the erystal in the Lapi- dary Journal. A total of 815 specimens were added to the Roebling collection by purchase or by exchange. Among these are outstanding specimens of wulfenite, calcite, and agate from Mexico. Gem specimens include a 17-carat greenish yellow brazilanite, from Brazil; a 30-carat cat’s eye cerussite, from South West Africa; and a 9.35-carat axinite from Baja California, Mexico. ACCESSIONS 33 Acquired by purchase from the Canfield fund is a magnificent group of amethyst quartz crystals from Guerrero, Mexico. The largest crys- tal measures 4 by 18 inches, and each is tipped by white quartz. New acquisitions to the gem collection include a 2.86-carat deep pink diamond, Tanganyika, from S. Sydney De Young; a 235.5-carat morganite, Brazil, from Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ix, Jr., a 277.9-carat citrine, Brazil, from Albert Cutter, and a 177-carat kunzite, Califor- nia, from the American Gem Society. Gem specimens acquired by purchase from the Chamberlain fund for the Isaac Lea collection in- clude a 17.5-carat pink tourmaline cat’s eye, and a 4,500-carat faceted smoky quartz egg, both from California; and a 9-carat axinite, from Baja California, Mexico. During the year 20 meteorites were added to the collection, of which 11 were not previously represented. The Bogou meteorite was of spe- cial interest. The 8.8-kilogram coarse octahedrite, which came to the Amethyst quartz crystals from Guerrero, Mexico. The largest measures 4 by 18 inches. 34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 Museum through the generous cooperation of the Government of Up- per Volta and the United States Atomic Energy Commission, was observed to fall in Upper Volta on August 14, 1962. It is being ex- tensively studied in several laboratories because observed falls of iron meteorites are extremely rare. In the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, trans- fers of type specimens from the U.S. Geological Survey included 68 Permian pelecypods described by K. Ciriaks of Columbia Univer- sity; 869 specimens of Upper Cretaceous oysters from the Western Interior; 40 Permian corals from Nevada with thin sections; and 33 specimens and 87 thin sections of Middle Silurian corals from Quebec, described by W. A. Oliver, Jr. Funds from the Walcott bequest were used to purchase the Hughes collection of Tertiary invertebrates from Florida, numbering more than 50,000 specimens, and for the collection of 4,000 Upper Cre- taceous mollusks from the western interior; 5,000 Tertiary inverte- brates from Hampton, Va.; 2,000 fossil echinoids from southwestern Florida. The Springer fund made possible the purchase of 210 Tri- assic echinoids and 72 Paleozoic echinoids from the western United States. Other important specimens received as gifts include 221 type speci- mens of planktonic Foraminifera from Recent bottom sediments of the Pacific Ocean, from Miss Frances Parker of the Scripps Institu- tion of Oceanography; 1,000 Upper Cretaceous mollusks from Ten- nessee and Mississippi, arranged by Margaret J. Hall through the Mid-South Earth Science Club; 6,000 Silurian brachipods from Czechoslovakia, collected by Dr. A. J. Boucot of the California In- stitute of Technology; 134 type specimens of Foraminifera from the Cretaceous Adelphia Mark of Arkansas, from Dr. H. C. Skinner, Tu- lane University; 500 specimens of Middle Devonian brachiopods and corals from Northern Ohio from Bernard Keith; 100 Early Devonian invertebrates from Flute Cave, W. Va.; from the Potomac Speleo- logical Club; 50 specimens of early Ordovician brachiopods from Kielce, Poland, by Dr. Robert B. Neuman; 23 rare and unusual Mio- cene mollusks from Virginia by Mr. and Mrs. William M. Rice; and of some 52 thin sections of type Foraminifera from the Mississippian of southern Illinois and Kentucky from Mrs. D. E. N. Zeller of the University of Kansas. Outstanding specimens exchanges brought 76 specimens of Plio- cene mollusks from the Scaldesian formation of Belgium, through Dr. S. Amelinckx; 99 specimens of fossil invertebrates from Argentina through Dr. Arturo J. Amos; 13 ammonites from the Cretaceous of Russia through Dr. D. P. Naidin; and the Harris collection of type specimens of fossil crinoids, from the University of Houston. ACCESSIONS 33) In the division of vertebrate paleontology, the major specimens of fossil vertebrates accessioned this year consist of two skulls and a skeleton of three different tetrapods from the Permian of Texas, and two partial skeletons of Mississippian amphibians, probably new to science, from West Virginia. The Texas material is of superior qual- ity and will be most useful in morphological work. ‘These specimens were collected by Dr. Nicholas Hotton III of the museum staff and James W. Kitching of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johan- nesburg, South Africa. A remarkably good collection comprising remains of a variety of Eocene mammals found by W. lL. Rohrer in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming was transferred from the U.S. Geological Survey. Note- worthy are skull portions of the large pantodont coryphodon, jaws and maxillae of the early horse yracotherium and the lemuroid pri- mate Pelycodus, and the greater part of a skull of a rare leptictid insectivore. Science and Technology The Bell Telephone Laboratories presented to the division of physi- cal sciences the apparatus used by Dr. Clinton T. Davisson in his 1927 investigations of interference phenomena in crystals irradiated by electrons, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937. Received also was a full-scale reproduction of an observational armil- lary, one of the large astronomical instruments used by Tycho Brache, from L. C. Eichner. 3,119 8548) 345/88 ~I bo — = ~ 119,989 276, 732 Care of Collections Anthropology study collections in new east wing. Anthropology Good progress was made in renovation of the space assigned to the division of archeology in the main building and part of this has been utilized by the division. Most of the African and Asian col- lections have been moved to storage in the new east wing, where they are currently being rearranged and reclassified. As a result of this move, the North American collections in the north attic are being ar- ranged in a manner that will make them much more accessible than heretofore. The area around the skylight in the north attic has also 43 44 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 been floored so that large objects, such as boats, can be stored and yet be conveniently available for study. Of the 450 George Catlin paintings in the division of ethnology, only 13 remain to be cleaned, restored, and mounted, and these will be completed by H. G. Courtais this year. For record purposes and also to provide prints for the continuing public demand, all of the paintings have been photographed, in color and in black and white, before and after restoration. During the year, the anthropological laboratory was moved from the ground floor to the third floor of the Natural History building, and its storage in the north attic was changed to the east end of the east attic. The repair and restoration of damaged anthropological specimens, including newly received objects and others from our older collections, was 2 continuing activity on the part of exhibits spe- ciahst A. J. Andrews. More than 400 objects, ethnological, archeo- logical, and physical anthropological, were handled in the laboratory. Scientific illustrator George R. Lewis completed 107 stipple and 382 line-drawings, drew 22 maps and charts, made 387 labels and signs, retouched 6 photographs, and completed 14 detailed pencil and 4 ink wash and color jobs. Zoology Considerable progress was made in the division of mammals in rearranging the skeletons and part of the alcoholic collection of small mammals. The skins and skulls of cricetine rodents and of the weasels and related mustelid carnivores were also put in order. In cooperation with the staff of the Mammal Laboratory of the Fish and Wildlife Service, index cards were prepared for most of the sciurid, geomyid, and heteromyid rodents of the New World. Because of construction work in the west attic, it was necessary to move part of the large skeletons housed there to temporary storage, and others were made inaccessible for most of the year. Bases mounted on casters were con- structed for several of the large and fragile whale skulls that will have to be moved several times during the construction program. Special wooden cases were designed for storage of a large collection of loose antlers. The contents of the unit cases of large mammal skins were partly rearranged in preparation for the future move into new quarters. The room that houses the dermestid beetle colony for cleaning small skulls and skeletons was renovated, as were the tank and other apparatus that is used to clean larger osteological material. With the move of the division of birds into new quarters, several previously existing problems involving the care and use of the collec- CARE OF COLLECTIONS A5 tions have been solved. The bird skin storage cases, formerly crowded into three tiers and arranged systematically in horizontal strata, are now in one and two tier rows, the tops of the single tier rows serving as work surfaces. The systematic order of the cases now allows for expansion with little or no disruption of the arrangement of the col- lection, and ceiling height im the storage area will permit eventual expansion of the collection into a third tier of cases. The collection of bird anatomical specimens in alcohol has been moved from the storage area in the division of reptiles and amphibians to a spacious new alcoholic storage room in the division of birds. During the year, 1,758 specimens of reptiles and amphibians were identified, cataloged, and shelved. Progress has continued with the inventory of snakes, and new metal labels are being used to replace cor- roded labels and parchment labels. The use of ground-glass-stoppered jars with petrolatum seals almost completely negates the problem of evaporation of the alcoholic collections. Portions of the collections of fishes formerly housed at the Zoologi- cal Park and two large storage tanks have been moved to the Smith- sonian Oceanographic Sorting Center because space for them is not Study skins laid out for inspection in new east wing storage area of division of birds. 46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 presently available in the division of fishes. Progress has been made in surveying the collection and replenishing alcohol that has evap- orated from the contaiers. It is anticipated that this work will be completed within a period of two years. Because of the improved storage facilities at the Lamont Street building, it has been possible to rearrange most of the collections in the division of insects. The collection is now in better condition than at any time in the preceding three decades. The entire collection of water beetles was arranged systematically and all of it identified at least to genus. Among the Hemiptera, the entire collection of Pen- tatomidae (stink bugs) has been brought together from several collec- tions, identified, and arranged in 240 labeled insect drawers. Almost 10,000 specimens derived from the John C. Lutz collection and the remaining specimens of Membracidae (tree hoppers) from the Funk- houser collection have been incorporated in the regular series. The collections of most of the neuropteroid orders (ant lions, caddisflies, dragonflies, damselflies, and the like) have been brought together, identified, and rearranged so that, for the first time, it is possible to find any specimen from any part of the world. Large segments of the collection of Lepidoptera, formerly temporarily stored, have New design racks hold alcoholic specimens of mollusks in east wing. CARE OF COLLECTIONS AT been rearranged in standard museum drawers. More than 15,000 specimens from the George W. Rawson and J.C. Hopfinger collections of Lepidoptera have been similarly rearranged and properly tagged, and several thousand members of the microlepidopteran families have been spread and readied for critical study and identification. The summer intern program in the division was highly successful. Among the accomplishments was the sorting and identification to superfamily or lower categories of 19,360 miscellaneous Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and the like) by summer intern Gary McLaughlin, who also assisted in the care of the Arachnida-Myriapoda collection. Sum- mer intern Louis Bourne cleaned 3,168 drawers and replenished the needed cork bottoms and fumigant in many of them. He also as- sisted in the rearrangements of collections of butterflies and neurop- teroids. Dr. W. Donald Duckworth, then a summer intern, continued work begun in the summer of 1961 and rearranged several families of Microlepidoptera requiring the preparation of several hundreds of microscope slides. Summer intern Dennis E. Puleston rearranged some 8,300 specimens of Lepidoptera, and summer intern Nancy Law- son sorted and organized many thousands of locality labels and as- sisted in reorganizing the collection of Odonata. Greater progress has been made during the past year in the reorgani- zation of the collections of marine invertebrates than during any other year since World War II. Under the direction of curator Donald F. Squires and with the assistance of museum technicians Charles E. Goode and T. P. Lowe, the collection of corals is well on the way toward achieving its potential value and usefulness. Approximately 80 quar- ter-unit cases of corals formerly housed in the attic have now been incorporated with the main collection. Important West Indian col- lections, many U.S. Exploring Expedition types, and the extensive Steere collection from the Philippine Islands have become readily available for study, as has the large Marshall Islands collections which formed the core of the comprehensive monograph by J. W. Wells on Indo-Pacific reef corals. The inventory and rearrangement of the entire echinoderm collection started early in the fiscal year by summer interns John C. McCain and James F. Casey, Jr., under the direction of associate curator Charles KE. Cutress, Jr., was completed before the end of the year by museum technicians Maureen E. Downey and Emily C. Mandelbaum. The vast collection of identified crayfishes has been completely rearranged in a single, readily accessible unit by museum technicians John T. Irving and Roland H. Brown, working under the direction of head curator Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Mr. Brown has also made commendable progress in reducing the extensive backlog of iden- tified but uncataloged crayfishes, and Dr, Hobbs is steadily decreasing 4S U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 the backlog of unidentified specimens. Museum aide Nathaniel L. Liv- ingston has checked the preservation of all type material in alcohol and has added fumigant to all boxes of dry material in the attic and to a large part of those on the ground floor. During the past year, the division of mollusks moved into new quarters on the fifth floor of the east wing of the museum. As a result, except for a limited number of duplicate specimens, the col- lection of mollusks is concentrated in one area sufficiently large to allow for expansion for some years to come. In the process of pre- paring for the move, associate curator Joseph Rosewater, with the assistance of museum technicians W. J. Byas and J. A. Pendergrass, rearranged and brought together into one series eight separate col- lections previously located in several rooms. The alcoholic collection, formerly inconveniently housed on the ground floor of the museum, was similarly moved into a room adjacent to the shell collection where it is now readily accessible to staff members and visitors. The slide collection has been relabeled, indexed, and installed in a new steel slide cabinet. Botany The delivery of 210 new herbarium cases made it possible to expand the collections of the division of phanerogams about 10 percent. This has relieved the crowded conditions sufficiently to permit insertion of new material without injury to the specimens. The major activities in caring for the permanent collections and the processing of new material are summarized in the following table: 1961-62 1962-63 Specimens and photographs mounted ......... 31, 030 30, 441 SPecimens wrepainreditrwme ance dae ala atte Seco hes teare aes 11, 463 18, 925 Specimens stamped and recorded ............ 16, 341 34, 692 Specimens incorporated in herbarium or added to the eam, COllenIOMS 5556506000000 0000¢ 27, 892 20, 424 There are now 59,302 types in the segregated type herbarium, in- cluding 41,509 phanerogams, 10,115 grasses, 3,482 ferns, and 4,396 cryp- togams. ‘This isan increase of 166 types during the year. Geology The removal of all the collections of the department to the new space in the east wing enabled a rearrangement of the specimens into more useful and efficient schemes. The storage collections are in large center areas surrounded by the offices. Ready accessibility of office to storage is thus a very convenient arrangement. As it was moved, the mineral collection was in part rearranged according to a more CARE OF COLLECTIONS 49 modern chemical-structural classification. The large mineral speci- mens were taken out of dead storage, cleaned, classified, and placed in new and readily accessible storage facilities. The move of the invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany col- lections offered an opportunity for major rearrangements of a large part of the collection on a drawer-by-drawer level, bringing together all of the scattered drawers of one category in a prearranged sequence as the move was made. The large invertebrate stratigraphic collec- tion was brought together into groupings based on geologic system and geographic location by state or foreign country. The general paleobotanical collections were arranged in order of stratigraphic occurrence and the rearrangement of all Paleozoic and Mesozoic type and biologic sets of mollusks was completed. Museum technician James Ferrigno, under the direction of associate curator Richard Cifelli, has made considerable progress in sorting and reorganizing the several thousand bulk, unwashed foraminiferal samples. Although not completely inventoried, these specimens are for the first time conveniently arranged for research or exchange purposes. A significant modification of the standard dry peel method of making replicas of polished surfaces of skeletal specimens that are subject to differential etching with acids or other reagents was developed this last year by research associate John Utgaard, museum technician Lorenzo Ford, and Jesse KE. Merida of the U.S. Geological Survey. The standard technique used acetate paper as the medium onto which the impression of the etched surface was made. The paper was either unmounted or pre-mounted on a glass slide. Be- cause of the flexibility and crinkling of the paper, study under a microscope was difficult and detailed measurements were not reliable. The crinkling difficulty was overcome by using slides made entirely of cellulose acetate or plexiglass in dimensions approximating those of a standard glass slide. The replicas are then comparable to a thin section in use. The plastic slides are essentially unbreakable and are adapted to making serial sections or a number of replicas of a single surface of a type or other important specimen. The most im- portant use of these slides will be in preliminary study of groups that require thin sections, as the process takes less than half the preparation time that finished thin sections require. A surface from which preliminary peels have been made is still available, of course, for thin-sectioning. In the new distribution of the study collection of vertebrate fossils, all of the fossil land mammals, except for Oligocene titanotheres which remain in the old storage area, are now housed in the east wing. 50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT, 1963 Fossil marine mammals are to remain on the steel range of the old storage area and eventually to occupy this entire space. Fossil birds are presently on the steel range but are to be moved to the east wing when additional storage equipment becomes available. All of the collections of fossil reptiles and amphibians, except for an unprepared portion of the Marsh collection, were moved to the east wing and retained their previous taxonomic arrangement. Available storage on the first floor of the new wing also permitted the moving of the collection of fossil agnathous, sharklike and ray-finned fishes.