Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University <1 Annual Report 2014 2015 Director's Message An immense undertaking and accomplishment, the grand migration of MCZ's "dry" collections to the Northwest Building has just now come to an end. All or part of eight taxonomic collections — Entomology, Invertebrate Paleontology, Vertebrate Paleontology, Invertebrate Zoology, Malacology, Mammalogy, Marine Invertebrates and Ornithology — plus the Blaschka glass animals and the historic Harvard Embryological Collection are now comfortably installed in one of Harvard's newest science buildings, next door to the original MCZ. In addition to climate-controlled collection rooms outfitted with acres of compact shelving, the new space includes a classroom/teaching lab, specimen preparation labs, and ample work areas for staff, students and visitors. While perhaps lacking the character of the MCZ building (and definitely its musty odor), the absence of hardwood floors and large, lofty windows is more than compensated by a secure, state-of- the-art facility for research and teaching in comparative zoology. Associated curatorial staff are only now settling into their new spaces, and it will be at least another year before the facility is fully operational, but regular classes began meeting there in fall 2015. The move has left behind abundant opportunities to renovate and repurpose former collection rooms in the MCZ building, which retains many important collections. The Harvard Museum of Natural History opened two new exhibits this year; each draws heavily from and highlights MCZ's collections. All corners of Ornithology were probed to furnish Birds of the World, which reflects current understanding of avian evolution and biogeography and is displayed in Victorian glass cabinets that encircle the balcony of the historic Great Hall. Numerous collections contributed to Islands: Ei^oluing in Isolation, which illustrates the remarkable diversity of island flora and fauna and research by MCZ faculty and students. This year also marked the arrival of MCZ's newest faculty-curator. Dr. Mansi Srivastava, AB, PhD. Following postdoctoral research at MIT's Whitehead Institute, Mansi joined us in July 2015. More about her professional background and exciting research plans are detailed on the second page of this report. The year ended on a high note in May, when 34 descendants of Alexander and Anne Agassiz joined more than a dozen faculty-curators and staff for a memorable luncheon at the Harvard Faculty Club. Our guests shared wonderful accounts of Agassiz family history during lunch and then enjoyed guided tours of "the Agassiz museum." It was both an honor and a pleasure to reconnect with a family whose history is so closely entwined with that of the MCZ. Year after year, the MCZ owes its accomplishments and accolades to its dedicated and innovative faculty- curators, researchers, staff and students. I hope you enjoy learning more about their awards, headline- making research, new projects and initiatives, publications and more. James Hanken Director About the Coi/er A species of serpulid worm in the genus Spirobranchus from Bocas del Toro, Panama, photographed during the 2015 field trip for OEB 51. Photo by Gonzalo Giribet. Opposite page: Collections space in the Northwest Building. Photo by Melissa Aja. Annual Report 2014 • 201 5 "| Melissa Aja Mansi Srivastava & Kathleen Mazza-Curll Isaac Orderberg Introducing Our Newest Faculty-Curator The MCZ is delighted to welcome Dr. Mansi Srivastava as Curator of Invertebrate Zoology and assistant professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. Dr. Srivastava joined the MCZ in July 2015 after her postdoctoral research on the evolution of regenerative mechanisms in the lab of Dr. Peter Reddien at the Whitehead Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mansi is a wonderful addition to the MCZ; her expertise in molecular biology and genomics and her broad knowledge of invertebrate animals are perfect complements to our existing strengths," says Director James Hanken. Dr. Mansi Srivastava Most animals can heal wounds and some can regenerate extensively, regrowing organs or even entire body plans from small fragments. As an undergraduate. Dr. Srivastava became fascinated by the regenerative properties of a particular marine tube-dwelling worm. This early fascination has guided her scientific career to the point of setting up her own lab at the MCZ to study the regenerative process and its evolution. Three-banded panther worms show variations of their pigmentation patterns. "I want to understand this amazing process where an animal can regenerate a whole new brain or all new muscles or all new eyes," says Dr. Srivastava. "The knowledge we obtain by studying the basic biology of how animals regenerate may be applied to human regenerative medicine much further down the line." Dr. Srivastava has developed a new model organism for studying regeneration, the three-banded panther worm, Hofstenia miamia, a little-studied species she collected in a saltwater pond in Bermuda a few years ago. Back in the lab, she faced considerable challenges just to learn how to create the proper habitat and feed the worms so they thrive and reproduce. With that problem solved, she found that they regenerate really well — you can cut off their heads and they will grow back. Then she was able to develop molecular techniques to study how the worm is able to regenerate. The Srivastava lab will use the power of this new model system to reveal important steps in regeneration. One focus will be on the very early steps that happen once an injury occurs, Molecular markers reveal specialized cell types in the anterior (blue), muscle (yellow), and somatic stem cells (magenta) in Hofstenia. thereby building a map of all of the molecular and genetic signals that launch the process of regeneration. Another major aspect that they will study is stem cell biology. The worms have a type of pluripotent cell that can make all other types of cells, so they can be used to study how stem cells work. The lab will be interested in identifying the processes of regeneration that are broadly applicable to all animals. "I’m interested in the evolution of regeneration," says Dr. Srivastava, "so even though my lab is starting out with this new model organism, we’re hoping to expand our work to other species. There's no better place to learn about diverse regenerative species than the Museum of Comparative Zoology." 2 Museum of Comparative Zoology Mansi Srii/astai/a & Kathleen Mazza-Curll Stephanie Mitchell Tonv Rinaldo MCZ Faculty-Curators Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on understanding the biomechanics, neuromuscular control and energetics of animal movement on land and in the air. His goal is to understand general principles that govern the biomechanical and physiological design of vertebrate animals related to their movement in natural environments. Scott V. Edwards Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Ornithology Andrew A, Biewener Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology Director, Concord Field Station Prof. Edwards' research focuses on the evolutionary biology of birds and related species, combining field, museum and genomics approaches to understand the basis of avian diversity, evolution and behavior. Current projects utilize genomics technologies to study comparative genomics and the evolution of flightlessness in birds; phylogeography and speciation of Australian and North American birds; and the genomics of host-parasite co-evolution between house finches and a recently acquired bacterial pathogen. Mycoplasma. Prof. Farrell's research is broadly concerned with the evolution of ecological interactions between host plants and animals and their parasites, such as insects and other tiny consumers. His current projects include applying next-generation sequencing to speciation and phylogenetic studies of associated species, documenting biodiversity in the Dominican Republic, and repatriating digital information from scientific specimens of insects and fossils in museums to their countries of origin. evolution, systematics and biogeography of invertebrate animals, including the use of morphology and next- generation sequencing techniques. Current projects in the Ciribet lab include multidisciplinary studies for Assembling the Bivalve Tree of Life; the evolution of orb-weaving spiders; and systematics and biogeography of arthropods, mollusks and onychophorans, among other groups. He is also interested in philosophical aspects of DNA sequence data analysis, emphasizing homology-related issues and the use of genomic-level data for inferring phylogenies. Brian D. Farrell Professor of Biology Curator of Entomology Director, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies Gonzalo Ciribet Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Prof Giribet's primary research focuses on the Annual Report 2014*2015 3 © Casey Dunn Stephanie Mitchell Catherine Weisel FACULTY-CURATORS Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory-based analyses and field surveys to examine morphological evolution, developmental biology and systematics. Current areas of research include the evolution of craniofacial patterning; the developmental basis of morphological novelty; biodiversity informatics; and systematics and evolution of neotropical salamanders. Prof. Hanken also serves on the Steering Committee of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org). James Hanken Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Herpetology MCZ Director George V. Lauder Professor of Biology Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology Curator of Ichthyology Prof Lauder's research focuses on the biomechanics of fishes and the development of robotic models for studying aquatic locomotion. His current studies focus on the function of shark skin and other surface structures, the role of flexibility in improving the efficiency of aquatic propulsion, and how fishes control body and fin position as they maneuver through obstacles. Additional broad interests include biological fluid mechanics and theoretical approaches to the analysis of form and function in organisms. Hopi E. Hoekstra Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Mammalogy Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator Harvard College Professor Prof Hoekstra combines field and laboratory work to understand the evolution of mammalian diversity from morphology to behavior. Her research focuses on the genetic basis of adaptive variation — identifying both the ultimate causes and the proximate mechanisms responsible for traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in the wild. Research in the Hoekstra lab integrates ecological, behavioral, genetic and molecular approaches. O ct: Jonathan B. Losos Monique & Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Herpetology Prof Losos' research focuses on the behavioral and evolutionary ecology of lizards, specifically how lizards interact with their environment and how lizard clades have diversified evolutionarily. His laboratory integrates approaches from systematics, ecology, behavior, genetics and functional morphology, taking both observational and experimental approaches in the field and in the laboratory. 4 Museum of Comparative Zoology Cretchen ErtI Jon Chase FACULTY'CURATORS James J. McCarthy Professor of Biological Oceanography Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography Acting Curator of Malacology Prof. McCarthy's research focuses on factors that regulate the processes of primary production and nutrient supply in the ocean. Through controlled laboratory studies and field investigations, Prof. McCarthy and his group examine the effects of strong seasonal or interannual climate change on marine life and biogeochemical systems. Stephanie E. Pierce Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof Pierce’s research is focused on major morphological and ecological transitions in vertebrate evolution through an examination of the fossil record. Her work tends toward 3-D modeling and experimentation of the musculoskeletal system, with particular attention to the link between form and function. Current projects include the ftn-tO'limb transition, the evolution of the mammalian backbone, and the origin of the avian neck. Prof Pierce's research focuses on the behavioral ecology of species interactions, particularly insect/plant associations, and symbioses between ants and other organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants and caterpillars of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Prof Pierce is interested in how parasitic and mutualistic life histories can influence the evolutionary trajectories of each partner. Robert M. Woollacott Professor of Biology Curator of Marine Invertebrates Prof Woollacott's research focuses on aspects of marine invertebrate life history, such as synchronization of reproductive events and ecology and physiology of larvae. Topics of particular interest include larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as human impacts on the distribution of marine organisms. Annual Report 2014 • 201 5 5 Jean-Francois Bertrand Jiin Harmon Justin Ide MCZ Emeriti 6 Museum of Comparative Zoology A. W. "Fuzz" Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Prof. Crompton, former Curator of Mammalogy, was the Director of the MCZ from 1970 to 1982 and the former Director of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and the South African Museum, Capetown. His primary research interests are the origin and evolution of mammals, functional anatomy, neural control and evolution of feeding in recent and fossil vertebrates. Prof. Crompton received two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on vertebrate paleontology and functional morphology and in 201 1 received the Romer-Simpson Medal from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Richard C. Lewontin Professor of Biology, Emeritus Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus An evolutionary geneticist. Prof. Lewontin pioneered the field of molecular population genetics by merging molecular biology and evolutionary theory, as well as the philosophical and social implications of genetics and evolutionary theory. Prof. Lewontin’s current research involves computer simulation and evaluation of statistical tests for selection. Among his many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change; Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine ofDNA; Human Diversity; and The Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment. Edward O. Wilson Honorary Curator in Entomology Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation. He has received many of the world's leading prizes in recognition of his research and environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Holldobler) and On Human Nature (1978). Prof. Wilson received the TED Prize in 2007, where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life, and the National Geographic Society's Hubbard Medal in 2013. Courses in 2014-2015 Led by MCZ Faculty-Curators Organismic and Evolutionary Biology OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity (undergraduate) Brian D. Farrell (and Elena M. Kramer, Andrew Richardson ) An integrated approach to the diversity of life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, genetic, ecological and geologic processes contribute to the origin and maintenance of biological diversity. OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate) Gonzalo Giribet Introduction to invertebrate diversity, with special emphasis on the broad diversity of animal forms, their adaptations to different ecosystems and how these phenomena shape animal evolution. OEB 57: Animal Behavior (undergraduate) Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky) A review of the behavior of animals under natural conditions, with emphasis on both mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. OEB 118: Biological Oceanography James J. McCarthy Examines the ocean as an ecological system, with focus on environmental-organismal interactions that regulate plankton production and transfer to higher trophic levels. OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Invertebrate Animals BIOS S-158: Study Abroad: Biodiversity of the Dominican Republic Annual Report 2014 • 201 5 ~) Brian farrell Conzalo Ciribet COURSES FRSEMR 41 u: Museums OEB 141: Biogeography Conzalo Ciribet BIOS S-158: Study Abroad; Biodiversity of the Dominican Republic Biogeography aims to explain distributions of organisms through historical and ecological factors. This course focuses on the history of biogeographic research, developments in the area of historical biogeography, and ecological processes that affect distributions of whole clades. OEB 1 55r: Biology of Insects (undergraduate and graduate) Naomi E. Pierce (and Michael R. Canfield) Introduction to the major groups of insects — life history, morphology, physiology and ecology — through a combination of lecture, lab and field exercises. OEB 173: Comparative Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Andrew A. Biewener (and Stacey A. Combes) Explores how animals and plants contend with their physical environment, considering their biomaterial properties, structural form and mechanical interactions with the environment. 8 Museum of Comparative Zoology OEB 181: Systematics (undergraduate and graduate) Conzalo Ciribet Introduces theory and practice of systematics, emphasizing issues associated with homology statements and alignments, methods of tree reconstruction and hypothesis evaluation. OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology (graduate) Robert M. Woollacott Examines human impacts on marine life and ecosystems of the sea. General Education Science of Living Systems 22: Human Influence on Life in the Sea (undergraduate) Robert M. Woollacott, James ]. McCarthy Over-harvested fish stocks, pollution and anthropogenic climate change affect the stability and productivity of marine ecosystems. This course asks what we need to know about the causes and effects of anthropogenic change to best protect marine ecosystems and ensure sustainable harvests from the sea. COURSES Graduate Courses of Reading and Research OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and Musculoskeletal Biology Andrew A. Biewener OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics Conzalo Cihbet OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of Vertebrates Ceorge V. Lauder OEB 325: Marine Biology Robert M. Woollacott OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Naomi E. Pierce OEB 341: Coevolution Brian D. Farrell OEB 345: Biological Oceanography James J. McCarthy OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental Biology James Hanken OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics Hopi E. Hoekstra OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of . Invertebrate Animals Freshman Seminar FRSEMR 22t: Why We Animals Sing Brian D. Farrell Investigates the sounds and structures of different kinds of acoustic animals — including birds, mammals, frogs and insects — and the different kinds of habitats in which they produce their songs and calls. FRSEMR 41 u: Museums James Flanken Traces the history of museums from their beginnings to the modern institutions of today, considering issues in conservation, finances, exhibit design, regulations and ethics, and their role in contemporary society. OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Annual Report 2014 * 201 s 9 Conzalo Ciribet Courtesy Concord Free Public Library COURSES MCZ History In the summer of 1858, the landscape painter, writer and woodsman William James Stillman organized a month'long expedition to Follensby Pond in the remote wilderness region of upstate New York. This momentous gathering of several of America's most prominent intellectuals (and Stillman himself) is memorialized in The Philosophers' Camp in the Adirondacks, which today hangs in the reading room of the Concord Free Public Library. Swiss'born naturalist Louis Agassiz, who would found the Museum of Comparative Zoology the following year, dominates a small group of men in the left foreground. The group also includes the anatomist Jeffries Wyman, who would soon serve on the Museum's governing board, the MCZ Faculty. Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson, who would write a poem about his experiences, stands alone in the center of the painting. Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow declined an invitation to come along on the trip, where he was sure "somebody will be shot." Agassiz's exploits, widely chronicled following his return, included his discovery of a new species of freshwater sponge. This and other accounts spurred tremendous interest in exploration of the Adirondacks and of American wilderness in general. Environmental Science and Public Policy ESPP 90j: Environmental Crises, Climate Change and Population Flight (undergraduate) James }. McCarthy (and Jennifer Leaning) Explores the consequences of population flight due to war, drought and famine in which climate change is a contributing factor, relating to the extent and permanence of environmental destruction wrought by these crises, people’s attachment to their homes and ecosystems, the circumstances of departure, the destinations of refuge and the possibilities for return. Life Sciences LIFESCI lb: An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics and Evolution (undergraduate) Hop; E. Hoekstra (and Maryellen Ruvolo, Kevin C. Eggan, Pardis Sabeti) Demonstrates how genetics and evolution are intimately related using an integrated approach, explaining the patterns of genetic variation we see in nature and how genomics can be used to analyze variation. LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human Physiology and Anatomy (undergraduate) Ceorge V. Lauder (and Peter T. Ellison, Daniel E. Lieberman) Explores human anatomy and physiology from an integrated framework, combining functional, comparative and evolutionary perspectives on how organisms work. BIOS S'l 58: Study Abroad: Biodiversity of the Dominican Republic Brian D. Farrell Explores the interplay of ecological niches and evolutionary diversification in the organisms and habitats of a tropical island as a microcosm of the evolution of biodiversity on Earth. 10 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ Research Making Masters of the Underwater Universe Intense commercial whaling during the 19'*' and 20'*" centuries caused an estimated 66- 90% reduction in the worldwide population of great whales — among them the right, gray, blue, humpback and sperm whales — altering the composition of marine life and even the functioning of the ocean. Tens of millions of whales were killed for the goods their bodies supplied, but a new study by James J. McCarthy, 2014 OEB/ MCZ Hrdy Fellow Joe Roman and colleagues indicates that recovered whale populations can provide crucial ecosystem services and economic benefits that far outweigh any past commercial value. Instead of competing with fishermen, whales support fisheries by making the ocean a more productive place. By diving and surfacing, whales enhance the upward movement of deep water rich in nutrients and microorganisms, and deliver additional nutrients to surface waters by releasing fecal plumes and urine at or near the surface, called the "whale pump.” Take to the Trees When closely related species compete for resources like food or habitat, evolutionary changes are expected to occur as they diverge and take advantage of separate niches. Originally proposed in 1956 by Edward O. Wilson and William L. Brown, this core principle in ecology and evolution, called "character displacement," was once thought to unfold on timescales too long to observe directly, and well-documented cases are rare. Yoel Stuart, a former member of the Losos lab, Jonathan B. Losos, R. Graham Reynolds and colleagues describe such evolutionary changes in the green anole (Anolis carolinensis), the only native species of anole in North America. In the early 1990s, researchers introduced the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) to three small islands in Florida's Intracoastal Waterway that were once the exclusive territory of the green anole. Headlines The iron and nitrogen supplied by the whale pump promotes the growth of plankton and krill, critical food sources for larger marine animals. And when migrating, whales transport these resources to their lower-latitude, relatively nutrient-poor calving grounds. Even in death, "whale falls" provide food and habitat for numerous species. Whales also transport carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean, helping to minimize climate change. If restored to pre-whaling levels, whale populations could extract carbon from the atmosphere via enhanced phytoplankton blooms and whale falls in amounts comparable to some hypothetical climate engineering projects intended to mitigate climate change. Roman J, Estes JA, Morissette L, Smith C, Costa D, McCarthy J, Nation )B, Nicol S, Pershing A, Smetacek V (2014) Whales as marine ecosystem engineers. Front Ecol Em/Iron 12:377-385 The two species of lizards are very similar in their tendency to live close to the ground, but once the brown anoles arrived, the green anoles began to move higher into the trees. The researchers show that, in response, over 15 years or 20 generations, the green anole developed larger toe pads with stickier scales for better climbing, demonstrating that when competition is strong enough, evolutionary changes can occur rapidly. The research may be useful in understanding how species respond to human-caused habitat fragmentation, climate change and invasive species. Stuart YE, Campbell TS, Hohenlohe PA, Reynolds RG, Revell LJ, Losos JB (2014) Rapid evolution ofa native species following invasion by a congener. Science 346:463-466 Annual Report 2014 • 201 5 'll Adam Algar Adam Algar © Tony Wu \ tonywublog.com Maude Baldwin D. Luke Mahler RESEARCH Trading Places Theoretically, smaller, more isolated islands will have fewer species, and larger, less isolated islands will be richer in their diversity of species. Edward O. Wilson and Robert MacArthur outlined this theory of island biogeography in the 1960s, but testing it has been elusive due to the challenges of manipulating island biodiversity on a large geographic and long timescale. It turns out that in the Anthropocene, or Age of Humans, we have already done it. Jonathan B. Losos, former MCZ graduate student D. Luke Mahler and colleagues used anoles — small lizards with numerous species that are ubiquitous in the Caribbean — to test the theory, but with a twist. Historically, anoles could rarely travel over large distances of water by themselves, so isolated islands were much less likely to be colonized by anoles from other places. However, trade and travel between islands have allowed anoles to cast away on boats to reach new homes, weakening the negative relationship between distance and biodiversity. The researchers analyzed trade patterns in the Caribbean and catalogued the occurrence of 18 species of anoles introduced to various islands. Economically isolated Cuba does not have any non-native species of anoles. However, places such as Trinidad and the Anguilla bank islands trade extensively with and host numerous visitors from other islands and nations, and they have a correspondingly high number of imported anole species, confirming that it is no longer geographic isolation, but economic isolation, that affects island diversity. Helmus MR, Mahler DL, Losos JB (2014) Island biogeography of the Anthropocene. Nature 513:543-546 Loving the Sweet Life The ability to perceive tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter and "umami," or savory — drives the food preferences of humans and other vertebrates. However, some species have lost certain taste receptors. The majority of birds, for example, may be unable to sense sweetness. So how did the hummingbird evolve into a specialized nectar feeder? This question so intrigued Maude Baldwin, a member of the lab of Scott V. Edwards, that she spent many years during her PhD searching for the answer. Her findings showed for the first time that hummingbirds evolved the ability to perceive nectar through their umami receptor, which may have facilitated the extensive diversification of the species. Baldwin led an international team of researchers that cloned and tested taste receptor genes of chickens, hummingbirds and swifts, the hummingbirds closest living relative. In chickens and swifts, a receptor that responds strongly to amino acids — the umami flavors — was repurposed in hummingbirds to respond to carbohydrates — the sweet flavors — and it took at least 19 mutations over more than 40 million years to evolve this capability. But do these mutations drive hummingbird behavior? The researchers set up hummingbird feeders filled with water and nectar made of glucose, fructose, sucrose and synthetic sweeteners. While the hummingbirds avidly drank nectar made with natural sweeteners, they would quickly spit out pure water and most artificial sweeteners with an annoyed shake of their heads. They even responded positively to one non-caloric sweetener that the taste receptor recognized in the lab, thus providing the link between the gene and feeding behavior. Baldwin MW, Toda Y, Nakagita T, O'Connell MJ, Klasing KC, Misaka T, Edwards SV, Liberies SD (2014) Evolution of sweet taste perception in hummingbirds by transformation of the ancestral umami receptor. Science 345:929-933 12 Museum of Comparative Zoology ^fTOoITOI llii' ■ ' Felix Pharand-Deschenes/Clobaia RESEARCH The Mad Rush of Courtship Few vertebrates can run on water. The largest of these, the western and Clark’s grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis and A. clarkii), rise up from the water and skim across the lake in a pair bonding display, called rushing. To find out how the birds accomplish this feat, Clenna T. Clifton and two field assistants spent a month at the grebe's mating grounds in southern Oregon. With mere seconds of warning, the team positioned high-speed video cameras and filmed more than 100 rushing displays. Eight videos were calibrated for 3-D analysis, and two showed the motion of the grebe’s feet in detail for the first time. The research by Clifton and Andrew A. Biewener determined that the feet were slapping the water at a blinding 13-20 strokes per second. During the slap, the toes of the large foot were outspread, but coming out of the water the toes were collapsed and the foot extracted sideways to reduce drag. Using models of grebe feet, Clifton estimated that the slapping motion generated 30-55% of the hydrodynamic force required to keep the bird, which can weigh up to four pounds, above water. The rest of the force is likely generated underwater, but verification will require the challenging undertaking of underwater filming. In addition to informing the understanding of evolutionary changes in hind limb anatomy linked to this remarkable performance, grebe hydrodynamics could serve as a model for amphibious robots and inform the design of commercial products like paddles. Clifton CT, Hedrick TL, Biewener AA (2015) Western and Clark’s grebes use novel strategies for running on water.) Exp Biol 218:1235-1243 Inside the Head of a Frog For more than 150 years, scientists have been attempting to understand how skull bones develop in vertebrate embryos. Evolutionary changes in skull form underlie every major adaptive transition in the history of vertebrates, and skull bones are used to determine the evolutionary relationships among species. The developmental process first described in birds, and later in mammals, has been found to be highly similar. But the developmental pattern for frogs, whose ancestors diverged early in the history of terrestrial vertebrates, has now been shown to be very different. To investigate how the skulls of frogs and salamanders form, James Hanken and former Hanken lab members Nadine Piekarski and Joshua Gross focused on a small group of embryonic cells — the neural crest — that give rise to a host of traits characteristic of vertebrates, including pigment cells, sensory neurons and most cartilages and bones in the skull. To follow the development of these cells from embryo to tadpole to adult, the researchers had to find a new way to label the cells. Their innovative solution was to graft embryonic cells labeled with a fluorescent protein from a jellyfish and see which bones in the mature animal glowed green under fluorescent light. They found that while the salamander skull developed along the same lines as other vertebrates, frogs unexpectedly had evolved a unique developmental pattern. The work has potential applications in the study of human birth defects caused by neural crest cells or improper skull development. Piekarski N, Gross JB, Hanken J (2014) Evolutionary innovation and conservation in the embryonic derivation of the vertebrate skull. Nat Commun 5:5661 Annual Report 2014-2015 13 Nadine Piekarski Barbara Scales Jonathan Woodward Jonathan Woodward Highlights from the Collections Oversized Specimens Make Their Move For numerous years, the very largest specimens of the MCZ collections — massive antlers, whale skulls and the like — have been housed in the attic of the MCZ building, and preparations to move these items to more suitable circumstances have been underway for some time. "Because of the size, shape and weight of this specimen material, it was determined that it should be housed in off- site storage," says Linda S. Ford, Director of Collections Operations at the MCZ. "It was not part of the planning for the MCZ facilities in the Northwest Building." It was decided that most of the specimens in the attic, including much of the Mammalogy horn and antler collection, could be temporarily placed on the MCZ building's S'*" floor in the area that was freed up by the Mammalogy and Ornithology collections' move to the Northwest Building. This would improve the environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity), reduce potential exposure to pests, and provide general protection from dust and debris while preparing for off-site collection storage. When it came time to move, a number of the specimens were hand-carried or hoisted through an opening in the 5'^-floor stairwell ceiling. However, removing the very largest specimen material from the attic — including an enormous moose antler rack, four whale skulls (blue, sperm and two fin), and additional skeletal parts from the blue whale, including the mandibles, or jaw bones — required much more elaborate and stronger rigging for hoisting. On May 14, 2015, contractor O.B. Hill Riggers, subcontracted by ABC Moving, set out to extract these immense specimens. Using an 80-ton crane, two of the whale skulls were "drifted" out of the 5''"-floor window on the courtyard side of the MCZ. The remaining skeletal material, including the other two whale skulls and mandibles, were lifted through the hatch on the north side of the building roof. The moose antlers were placed in the temporary 5''"-floor storage area. The whale skulls and skeletal material are being stored offsite, awaiting the upgrade of the whale storage facility at the Concord Field Station. 14 Museum of Comparative Zoology Jonathan Woodward Mark RenczkowskI COLLECTIONS Paleontology Collections Relocate to the Northwest Building Invertebrate and Vertebrate Paleontology were the most recent collections to make the move to the Northwest Building. The Invertebrate Paleontology collection is made up of over a million specimens. In November 2007, the staff started preparing for the move by cleaning and rehousing the specimens. Parts of the collection (mostly the fossil mollusk collections) were reorganized prior to the move. These activities were completed in January 2014. The move started in July 2014 and finished during October 2014. The Vertebrate Paleontology collection, composed of around 100,000 larger and heavier specimens, started being prepared in February 2011. The cleaning and rehousing of those specimens was completed in August 2013, and they were moved between February and March 2015. To prepare both collections, staff cleaned the specimens and any conservation issues, such as repair or treating pyrite disease or Bynesian decay, were addressed. For the more delicate specimens, boxes and drawers were lined with polyethylene foam as needed to provide additional support and stability. "The MCZ has a character that will be greatly missed, but the Northwest Building space is much better overall for the collections,” says Jessica Cundiff, Curatorial Associate for Invertebrate and Vertebrate Paleontology. "The new prep space has many additional pieces of equipment — a dust collector, fume hood and rock saws — that will make our prep and repair work easier and safer." All specimens are now stored in metal cabinets that can be neatly labeled and locked for added security. The collection storage area is climate controlled, making for a much better environment for specimens. Space for collection visitors is greatly improved with large tables to study specimens. In addition to Cundiff, Invertebrate Paleontology staff members Mark Renczkowski and Richard Knecht were involved in the move efforts. Collections Operations staff included Joe Martinez, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Tatiana de Souza Varges and Victoria Wilke. Interns Britt Bowen, Abigail Parker, John Callucci, Maggie Abe and Phil Lai also provided assistance. Renovations for the Ichthyology Collection The Ichthyology collection work area was completely renovated in 201 5. A new heating and air conditioning system was installed, along with new energy-efficient lighting. Shelving and work areas were designed to efficiently make use of space. The modernized area provides better support for the collection and its management. Annual Report 2014 • 201 5 "| 5 Karsten Hartel jessica Cundiff Projects & Initiatives Encyclopedia of Life Learning + Education Croup The Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org) is a global effort to bring together species information in a free, trusted online resource. The MCZ and hundreds of other partners provide content on EOL. The Learning + Education Croup, based at the MCZ, encourages development of innovative and effective uses of EOL content in educational settings. In collaboration with EOL, Breda Zimkus, Cryogenic Collections Manager for Cenetic Resources at the MCZ, developed a set of Frog Observer Cards, which encourage people to observe frogs in nature by focusing on the key traits and behaviors that make different frogs species unique. The cards are available at eol.org/info/disc_ observer. Zimkus, a former EOL Rubenstein Fellow, also manages the African Amphibians Scratchpad, an online community-driven resource for information on the amphibians of Africa that serves content through EOL. africanamphibians.myspecies.info EOL Places brings together information about species in the context of the places they inhabit. Along with content about local habitats and their species, tools, activities and games provide more opportunities for learning about biodiversity. The Okaloosa S.C.I.E.N.C.E. project is piloting EOL Places as part of a Department of Defense Education Activity grant to improve STEM education through outdoor activities and community partnerships, education.eol.org/ecosystems/ ecoproj.php?proj_id=4 EOL Places Animal The koala is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae and its closest living relatives are the wombats. Wikipedia Scientific name: Phascolarctos cinereus Trophic level: Herbivorous Conservation status: Least Concern Lifespan: 13 - 18 years (In the wild) Mass: 8.8 - 33 lbs (Adult) Higher classification: Phascolarctos People also search for view is* more Giant panda Wombat Sloth Marsupial Sources include EOL Feedback EOL TraitBank Data in Google Knowledge Graphs After four years of behind-the-scenes work, the collaboration between EOL and the Google Search Team has made it possible for EOL's TraitBank data to be used to improve the information about organisms that is shown in Google’s Knowledge Graphs. Now when a search is performed on "koala," for example, data from EOL and other sources will be displayed on Google's search result page. MCZbase shares data with TraitBank, providing even greater exposure for MCZ data through this open science collaboration. Grants The Encyclopedia of Life Learning + Education Group is coordinating the broader impacts and educational outreach for two National Science Foundation grants. For Digitization PEN, the MCZ is partnering with Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network to contribute expertise in the identification and digitization of ants from the Navajo Nation, and EOL will help develop a local field guide of these ant species. For AB/ Development: Kurator — developing software tools for scientific data digitization, sharing, integration and use — EOL Learning -i- Education will coordinate the production of outreach materials and instructional technologies for the grant. 16 Museum of Comparative Zoology Melissa Aja PROJECTS & INITIATIVES Birds of the World On September 20, 2014, Birds of the World, a permanent exhibition curated by the HMSC exhibits department and AACZ doctoral student Maude Baldwin, opened at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. With more than 10,000 species, birds are the most diverse land vertebrates on the planet, varying tremendously in appearance and size and thriving in every corner of the globe. The new gallery, located around the balcony of the Great Hall, captures this stunning diversity through 750 bird specimens representing more than 200 bird families worldwide. The birds on display were drawn from the MCZ Ornithology collection's 350,000 specimens. The exhibition is the result of months of cleaning and refurbishing mounted bird specimens to restore their iridescence, renovating antique cases and redesigning the exhibit displays. Baldwin helped apply the latest findings on birds to organizing the displays, resulting in an exhibition that reflects the current understanding of avian evolution. The work also notes the scientific consensus that birds are descended from theropod dinosaurs — and in fact are the last living dinosaurs — and that other reptiles like crocodiles are their closest living relatives. The exhibition was made possible by a donation given in memory of Melvin R. Seiden, Harvard AB 1952, LLB 1955. Islands: Evolving in Isolation Since Darwin's time, research on islands has played a pivotal role in advancing understanding of biodiversity and evolution. Through the years, MCZ faculty who have made important contributions to this study include former MCZ Directors Thomas Barbour and Ernst Mayr, Curator of Entomology Philip Darlington, Edward O. Wilson, and current faculty such as Jonathan B. Losos, Scott V. Edwards, Brian D. Farrell and Gonzalo Ciribet. Islands: Evolving in Isolation, a new Harvard Museum of Natural History exhibition, illustrates the extraordinary diversity of island life and highlights the work of the scientists who have studied it. Prof. Losos, who has spent much of his career exploring island evolution by working with Anolis lizards, was chief faculty advisor to the exhibition. The theoretical underpinnings of island evolution are explained using a wide array of plant and animal specimens, including lizards, Galapagos tortoises. New Guinea birds of paradise, Malagasy lemurs, a Komodo dragon from the Indonesian islands, and a rare fossil cast of Homo floresiensis, a relative of modern humans. The MCZ contributed specimens from multiple collections, including Ornithology, Mammalogy, Herpetology, Entomology, Invertebrate Zoology and Malacology. The exhibition highlights some of the latest research and discoveries made by Harvard scientists and features explanatory displays, videos of scientists discussing their work, and live displays of Anolis lizards, hissing cockroaches and carnivorous pitcher plants. Supported by the National Science Foundation and a generous gift from Dr. John Freedman, AB 1984, Islands will run through March 2017. In conjunction with the exhibition. Prof. Losos gave a free public lecture entitled Islands: Natural Laboratories of Evolution, discussing the relevance of islands to our understanding of evolution and its processes. Annual Report 2014-2015 17 Melissa Aja Kris Snibbe © 2015 President & Fellows of Harvard College PROJECTS & INITIATIVES Ernst Mayr Library Grant Projects The Library is a partner on Purposeful Gaming and BHL, an IMLS-funded project led by the Missouri Botanical Carden. The goal of Purposeful Gaming is to assess the feasibility of using crowdsourced gameplay as a means of improving the accuracy of both machine and human transcription of digitized texts. As a case study for the project, the Library uploaded digital scans of 3,470 handwritten pages by ornithologist William Brewster to two separate online tools designed for crowdsourced transcription of digitized manuscripts. Manuscripts are of particular interest to this project because accurate machine transcription of handwritten documents is nearly impossible. The overall idea was to obtain two sets of transcription files for the same material. Gaming is then applied to reconcile differences between the two renditions, thus increasing the accuracy of the transcriptions. Tiltfactor, a game development laboratory at Dartmouth College, was contracted to develop two games for this project — Smorball and Beanstalk — which were launched publicly in June 2015. Smorball won an award for "Best Serious Came" at the Boston Festival of Indie Games in September 2015. The grant provided funding for the appointment of two part-time project assistants, Patrick Randall and Elizabeth Meyer. Beginning in November 2015, EML will participate in a grant project with the New York Botanical Garden and the Missouri Botanical Garden. The two-year project is designed to significantly increase online access to biodiversity material from natural history literature collections, thus ensuring the widest possible audience. Pforzheimer Fellow in the MCZ Archives Deirdre Moore Deirdre Moore, a graduate student in Harvard's History of Science Department, spent the summer of 201 5 as a Pforzheimer Fellow in the Ernst Mayr Library, working with approximately 3,000 lantern slides of images from Harvard entomologists Edward O. Wilson, William Morton Wheeler (1865-1937), Charles T. Brues (1879-1955) and Frank M. Carpenter (1902-1994). Because of the research interests of the contributors, many of the images were of ants, fossil ants and illustrations of biogeography such as island landscapes. Under the direction of librarians Robert Young and Joseph DeVeer, Moore recorded data from 2,885 lantern slides, cleaned more than 1,000 slides and housed approximately 800 in numbered envelopes. For the scholarly context of the slides, Moore met with current Entomology staff, which led to the discovery of additional materials by entomologist Philip Darlington (1904-1983) from the "Banana Massacre" in Colombia during 1928-1929, some of the only surviving records of that era. Biodiversity Heritage Library During the 2014-2015 academic year, a total of 593 volumes (160,1 10 pages) were digitized for inclusion in the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Since November 2007, EML has contributed 8,545 volumes of material that have been accessed more than 5.3 million times. Recent usage reports for Ernst Mayr Library materials in BHL reveal well over 100,000 downloads per month. Nc 18 Museum of Comparative Zoology Kris Snibbe © 2015 President & Fellows of Harvard College Conzalo Ciribet MCZ Grant Recipients Academic Year 201 4-201 5 Putnam Expedition Grants Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. These grants are made possible by a gift from Mr. George Putnam, jr., AB 1949 and MBA 1951, and Mrs. Nancy Putnam. Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount Felix Baier Mammalogy The genetic basis and evolution of territorial aggression in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) $10,655 Nicole Bedford Mammalogy The adaptive significance of complex burrowing in the Oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus $7,734 Rebecca S. Buckman Invertebrate Zoology Biogeography of Caribbean velvet worms (Phylum Onychophora) $6,506 Conzalo Ciribet Invertebrate Zoology Temperate rainforest Chilean soil invertebrates to elucidate Condwanan biogeography $4,080 Emily R. Hager Mammalogy Adaptation to arboreality in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) $8,991 Naomi E. Pierce Entomology Ant associated lycaenid butterflies of Kenyan Acacias $7,352 Stephanie E. Pierce Vertebrate Paleontology In the footsteps of A. S. Romer: Filling a 20 million year gap in tetrapod evolution $16,300 Robert C. Reynolds Herpetology A population genomics approach to resolving divergence, gene flow, and independent colonization of the Bahama Islands by Anolis sagrei, the Cuban Brown Anole $9,198 Christina P. Riehl Ornithology Evolutionary history of egg mimicry in the striped cuckoo $6,120 Martin Schwentner I Invertebrate Zoology Enigmatic Crustacea from Belize to resolve crustacean-hexapod relationships (Funds provided by the Fenner A. Chace Fund) $3,730 i Fabio Laurindo da Silva Entomology Understanding the ancient origins of South American biodiversity: A molecular perspective on the evolution and biogeography of non-biting midges (Diptera; Chironomidae) $5,200 Yung Wa Sin Ornithology Mate choice and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in two species of North Pacific albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis and P. nigripes) $9,284 Cerard Talavera Entomology Phylogeography of the most cosmopolitan animal migrator: the butterfly, Vanessa cardui $8,698 Total Awards i $103,848 Annual Report 2014-2015 19 Conzalo Ciribet Kyle Turner Felix Baier Alberto R. Puente-Rolon Nathaniel Edelman Lucie Queste Sallv Cee GRANTS Grants in Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR) These grants support research by Harvard College undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ, Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) and Arnold Arboretum (AA) research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the MCZ's Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students, HUH and AA. Recipient Faculty Sponsor/ Academic Dept. Project Title Amount Hanna J. Barnes Stephanie Pierce/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Three-dimensional skeletal anatomy and limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod Proterogyrinus $1,725 Jarreth M. Caldwell James Mallet/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Pollen feeding in Heliconius elevatus and H. pardalinus: A potential mechanism for interspecies interactions $973 Stephanie N. Caty Lauren O'Connell/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Dressed to kill: Chemical ecology in the little devil frog $2,500 Stephanie N. Caty Lauren O'Connell/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Dressed to kill; Toxicity in the little devil poison frog $2,016 Christopher H. Chen Robin Hopkins/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Hybrid fitness, interspecific compatibility, and reinforcement in Phlox $700 Andrew D. Clark Stacey Combes/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Senior honors thesis on load lifting mud dauber wasps $1,500 Sally Gee Elizabeth Wolkovich/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Phenology and its relationship to plant functional traits of temperate trees in a changing climate $2,000 Elizabeth A. Karan George Lauder/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology The evolution and structure of scales in damselfish (Pomacentridae) $600 Paige V. Kouba Brian Farrell/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Mosquito abundance in the Boston Harbor Islands $1,300 Fiona M. McAuley Jonathan Losos/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology An exploration of thermal niche partitioning across four lizard species of the genus Anolis living on South Bimini $1,000 Jenna R. McGugan Lauren O'Connell/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Dietary contributions to chemical defences in the little devil frog, Oophaga sylvatica $1,000 20 Museum of Comparative Zoology Christian Perez Michael Seward GRANTS Recipient Faculty Sponsor/ Academic Dept. Project Title Amount Rachel M. Moon Jonathan Losos/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Differences in morphology, ecology and escape behavior in female sex-limited polymorphic brown anole lizards {Anolis sagrei) $1,097 Ike 0. Okonkwo David Cox/ Neurobiology Reverse engineering the visual system $1,000 Christian A. Perez James Mallet/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Mate preference in Heliconius butterflies: A potential underlying mechanism of sympatric speciation $600 Johnny L. Pulice Kristen Bomblies/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Genome scanning of Chomeffon angustifolium for adaptation to whole-genome duplication $2,500 Michael W. Seward David Haig/ Organismicand Evolutionary Biology Nutrition interventions and healthy eating competitions at university dining halls $2,500 Alexander F. Weickhardt George Lauder/ Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Senior thesis project on the role of the dorsal fin in fishes $2,500 Total Awards $25,511 Robert C. Goelet Summer Research Awards Goelet Awards support MCZ graduate student summer research projects. Funds support travel to field sites and related subsistence expenses incurred in pursuit of research objectives. These grants are made possible through a gift from Mr. Robert C. Goelet. Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount Nathaniel Edelman Mammalogy 1 The role of pheromones in speciation: Elucidating mechanisms of divergence in Heleconius elevatus and H. pardalinus $1,646 Nathaniel Edelman Mammalogy Characterizing the divergence of H. pardalinus and H. elevatus with respect to their post- zygotic isolation $5,778 Total Awards $7,424 Annual Report 2014-2015 21 Siddharth Kulkarni & jeremy Miller Tatiana Sepulveda Rodet Rodriguez Silva Carlos Alberto Martinez Munoz GRANTS Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research that uses MCZ's collections. These grants are made possible by a gift from Professor and former MCZ Director Ernst Mayr. Recipient Institutional Affiliation Project Title Amount David J. L. Agassiz Natural History Museum, London Taxonomic revision of Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera) of Africa, also of Cybalomiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae) of sub-Saharan Africa $1,225 Mariana Raquel Chani'Posse Natural History Museum of Denmark Revision of type material of Philonthina Kirby and Hyptiomina Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Neotropical region, and assessment of the distribution of Holisus Erichson in the Afrotropical region $1,500 SandorCsosz California Academy of Sciences Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Nesomyrmex fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) i $1,190 Icanna Oliveria Fernandes National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution/ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia CAS Entomology general collection: Examination of Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) $1,000 Roberto J. Guerrero Universidad Central de Venezuela Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Tapinoma Forster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in the neotropical region $1,500 1 1 Jane Herrera Uria National Museum of Natural History of Cuba Taxonomic revision of Priotrochatella H. Fischer, 1 893 from Islade la Juventud, Cuba $1,500 Jesse T. Kelly Aukland University of Technology Systematics of the Octopoteuthidae Berry, 1912 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) i $1,500 Siddharth Shrikant Kulkarni Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara Examination of specimens of genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from the oriental region deposited at Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt; MNHN, Paris and CAS, USA $1,500 Xiaoyan Li Natural History Museum of Denmark Systematics of the hyper-diverse rove beetle subtribe Paederina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) $1,500 Zachary E. Lieberman College of Marin A taxonomic revision of the cryptic plate- nosed ants of Africa (Formicidae: Proceratiinae: Discothyrea Roger) $1,500 22 Museum of Comparative Zoology Andrew Williston Matt Kohimann GRANTS Recipient Institutional Affiliation Project Title Amount Carlos Alberto Martinez Munoz Ecological Reserve "Mogotes de Jumagua," Villa Clara, Cuba Review of Scolopendra types and Cuban scolopendromorphs at the MCZ $1,500 Sameer Mukund Padhye Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society, India Taxonomical re-assessment of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) with special reference to family Cyzicidae from Daday de Dees's Indian collection in the Museum National d'Histoire, Paris $1,500 Kristene T. Parsons Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary Taxonomic review of Gymnura micrura (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae) with the description of a new species of Butterfly Ray from the western North Atlantic $1,204 Matthew M. Prebus University of California, Davis The ant genus Temnothorax: A revision of the salvini species group $1,390 Paula Fernanda Motta Rodrigues University of Sao Paulo Systematic and biogeography of Ecliminae Hall, 1969 (Diptera: Bombyliidae) $1,500 Michele Rossini University ofUrbino Carlo Bo, Italy; Federal University of Mato Grosso (Brazil) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the hirculus group of the American Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scaranaeinae: Scarabaeinae) $1,500 Thiago Borges Semedo Fernandes Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuibaba Elucidating the taxonomic status of the spiny mice, genus Neacomys, Thomas, 1900 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from eastern Amazonia, Brazil $1,500 Fabio Laurindo da Silva Harvard University Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) $1,500 Rodet Rodriguez Silva Institute of Ecology and Systematics, Cuba Revision of the Cuban freshwater fishes hosted in the MCZ at Harvard University $1,500 Thiago da Silva Moreira The George Washington University Systematics and phylogenetics of Neotropical Linyphiidae $1,000 Total Awards $28,009 CAUTI^ ailllllHillillP.' Annual Report 2014-2015 23 Paula Fernanda Motta Rodrigues Sandor Csosz Roberto j. Cuerrero, Smithsonian Allison Devlin National Museum of Natural History Rose Lincoln Awards & Recognition Scott V. Edwards Emeritus James Hanken Richard Lewontin and Tomoko Ohta were awarded the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for their pioneering analysis and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism. Edward O. Wilson was awarded the Green Prize for Sustainable Literature, Pioneer Award, sponsored by the Santa Monica Public Library and the City of Santa Monica's Office of Sustainability and the Environment. His 2014 book. The Meaning of Human Existence, was a National Book Award Finalist. Faculty Scott V. Edwards was inducted into the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in recognition of his distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. Gonzalo Giribet was elected a Corresponding Member of the Biological Sciences Section of the Institute of Catalan Studies, Catalonian Academy of Sciences. He gave the Presidential Lecture at the 3'^ International Congress of Invertebrate Morphology at Humboldt University, Berlin, and the Peter Ax Lecture at the 107''' Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society, Gottingen. James Hanken was Chief Guest at International Peradeniya University Research Sessions (iPURSE) at the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Hopi E. Hoekstra received the Richard Lounsbery Award from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for her work probing the molecular basis of how adaptation to novel selective pressures establishes and sustains diversity during evolution. Staff Ronnie Broadfoot, Ernst Mayr Librarian, and Megan McHugh, Human Resources Coordinator, each received a Dean's Distinction Award, which recognizes outstanding citizenship and exceptional contributions in support of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences' mission. Postdoctoral Researchers Andres Bendesky was awarded a NIH K99 Pathway to Independence Award for his work on the genetics of social behavior. Katrina Jones Katrina Jones was awarded the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Alfred Sherwood Romer Prize for best PhD dissertation talk. 24 Museum of Comparative Zoology Stefani Fontana Molly Renfer AWARDS Zachary Lewis less Linden Graduate Students Emily Hager and Talia Moore were awarded the Robert A. Chapman Memorial Fellowship. Zachary Lewis received an honorable mention for the Brian K. Hall Award from the Canadian Society of Zoologists. Undergraduates Hanna Barnes received a Harvard College Research Program grant for her research on the skeletal anatomy of the early tetrapod Proterogyrinus. Paige Kouba was awarded the Herchel Smith Harvard Undergraduate Research Program award for her research on mosquito abundance and diversity in the Boston metro area. Graduating seniors Young-Mi Kwon and Tess Linden were awarded the Thomas T. Hoopes Prize for their outstanding senior theses; "The genetic basis of parental care in Pemmyscus" (Kwon) and "The role of Agouti isoforms in the evolution of convergent pigmentation phenotypes in Peromyscus mice" (Linden). Linden was also awarded Harvard’s Trustman Traveling Fellowship to fund research on orchid-bee coevolution in Costa Rica. Kwon was also awarded a prestigious Herchel Smith Postgraduate Traveling Scholarship to study cancer genetics in Tasmanian devils at Cambridge University. Paige Kouba Ricardo Perez-de la Fuente was awarded the X Edition Ramon Margalef secondary award for the best science paper derived from a PhD carried out at the University of Barcelona during the previous four years. Mary Caswell (Cassie) Stoddard received the Cooper Ornithological Society Young Professional Award, the Jasper Loftus-Hills Young Investigator Award from the American Society of Naturalists, and the L'Oreal- UNESCO For Women in Science International Rising Talent Award. Mary Caswell Stoddard Annual Report 2014-2015 25 Lukas Raabi Carolyn Eng MCZ Publications in Calendar Year 2014 For the cover story, Gonzalo Giribet, Vanessa L. Gonzalez, Gisele Y. Kawauchi, Alejandra Guzman, Erin McIntyre and colleagues contributed "Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life — an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters.” Gonzalo Giribet, Rosa Fernandez and colleague published "Phylogenomic analysis of spiders reveals nonmonophyly of orb weavers." • Andrade SCS, Montenegro H, Strand M, Schwartz M, Kajihara H, Norenburg JL, Turbeville JM, Sundberg P, Giribet G (2014) A transcriptomic approach to ribbon worm systematics (Nemertea): resolving the Pilidiophora problem. Mol Biol Evol 31:3206-3215 • Baldwin MW, Toda Y, Nakagita T, O'Connell MJ, Klasing KC, Misaka T, Edwards SV, Liberies SD (2014) Evolution of sweet taste perception in hummingbirds by transformation of the ancestral umami receptor. Science 345:929-933 • Barry AJ, Jenks T, Majumdar A, Lin H-T, Ros I, Biewener AA, Tedrake R (2014) Flying between obstacles with an autonomous knife-edge maneuver. 2074 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Hong Kong • Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM, Collins TM, Glover EA, Gonzalez VL, Graf DL, Harper EM, Healy JM, Kawauchi GY, Sharma PP, Staubach S, Strong EE, Taylor JD, Temkin I, Zardus JD, Clark S, Guzman A, McIntyre E, Sharp P, Giribet G (2014) Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life — an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. Invertebr Syst 28:32-115 • Biewener AA, Wakeling JM, Lee SS, Arnold AS (2014) Validation of hill-type muscle models in relation to neuromuscular recruitment and force- velocity properties: Predicting patterns of in i/)Vo muscle force. Integr Comp Biol doi:10.1093/icb/icu070 • Burroughs R, Morris ZS, Marsh A (2014) Trachemys scripta (Red-Eared Slider), Pseudemys texana (Texas River Cooter), Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle), feeding behavior and scavenging. Herpetological Rev 45:321-322 • Castaneda MdR, Sherratt E, Losos JB (2014) The Mexican amber anole, Anolis electrum, within a phylogenetic context: implications for the origins of Caribbean anoles. Zool J Linn Soc-Lond 172:133-144 • Cook JA, Edwards SV, Lacey E, Curalnick RP, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Welch C, Bell KC, Galbreath KE, Himes C, Allen JM, Heath TA, Carnaval AC, Cooper KL, Liu M, Hanken J (2014) Aiming up: Natural history collections as emerging resources for innovative undergraduate education in biology. BioScience 64:725-734 • Corbett-Detig R, Jacobs-Palmer E, HartI DL, Hoekstra HE (2014) Segregation distorters are not a primary source of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities in house mouse hybrids. PLoS ONE 10:e01 31933 • Crandell KE, Herrel A, Sasa M, Losos JB, Autumn K (2014) Stick or grip? Co-evolution of adhesive toepads and claws in Anolis lizards. Zoology 1 17:363-369 • Ditsche P, Wainwright DK, Summers AP (2014) Attachment to challenging substrates— fouling, roughness and limits of adhesion in the northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus). J Exp Biol 217:2548-2554 • Dunn CW, Giribet G, Edgecombe GD, Hejnol A (2014) Animal phylogeny and its evolutionary implications. Anna Rev Ecol Evol S 45:371-395 • Eng CM, Pancheri FQ, Lieberman DE, Biewener AA, Dorfmann L (2014) Directional differences in the biaxial material properties of fascia lata and the implications for fascia function. Ann Biomed Eng 42:1224-1237 • Evans AM, McKenna DD, Bellamy CL, Farrell BD (2014) Large-scale molecular phylogeny of metallic wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea) provides new insights into relationships and reveals multiple evolutionary origins of the larval leaf- mining habit. Syst Entomol 40:385-400 • Fernandez R, Giribet G (2014) Phylogeography and species delimitation in the New Zealand endemic, genetically hypervariable harvestman species, Aoraki denticulata (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi). Invertebr Syst 28:401-414 • Fernandez R, Hormiga G, Giribet G (2014) Phylogenomic analysis of spiders reveals nonmonophyly of orb weavers. Curr Biol 24:1772-1777 • Fernandez R, Kvist S, Lenihan J, Giribet G, Ziegler A (2014) Sine systemate chaos? A versatile tool for earthworm taxonomy: non-destructive imaging of freshly fixed and museum specimens using micro- computed tomography. PLoS ONE 9:e96617 • Fernandez R, Laumer CE, Vahtera V, Libro S, Kaluziak S, Sharma PP, Perez-Porro AR, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2014) Evaluating topological conflict in centipede phylogeny using transcriptomic data sets. Mol Biol Evol 31:1500-1513 • Fernandez R, Velez S, Giribet G (2014) Linking genetic diversity and morphological disparity: biodiversity assessment of a highly unexplored family of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Neopilionidae) in New Zealand. Invertebr Syst 28:590-604 • Fisher HS, Giomi L, Hoekstra HE, Mahadevan L (2014) The dynamics of sperm cooperation in a competitive environment. P R Soc B 281:20140296 • Fogarty MJ, McCarthy JJ, eds (2014) Marine Ecosystem-Based Management, Vol. 76, THE SEA: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA • Fogarty MJ, McCarthy JJ. An overview of marine ecosystem-based management. In Marine Ecosystem-Based Management. Vol. 16, THE SEA: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas (Fogarty MJ, McCarthy JJ, eds) Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA 26 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PUBLICATIONS • Fogarty MJ, McCarthy JJ. Marine ecosystem-based management: Past, present, and the future. In Marine Ecosystem-Based Management. Vol. 16, THE SEA: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas (Fogarty MJ, McCarthy jj, eds) Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA • Cainett G, Sharma PP, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Ciribet G, Willemart RH (2014) Walk it off: Predictive power of appendicular characters toward inference of higher-level relationships in Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones). Cladistics 30:120-138 • Garwood RJ, Sharma PP, Dunlop JA, Giribet G (2014) A new stem-group Palaeozoic harvestman revealed through integration of phylogenetics and development. Curr Biol 24:1017-1023 • Ciribet C (2014) On Aculifera: A review of hypotheses in tribute to Christopher Schander.) Nat Hist 48:2739-2749 • Giribet G, Fernandez R, Boyer SL (2014) On four poorly known harvestmen from New Zealand (Arachnida, Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores). New Zeal J Zool 41:223-233 • Ciribet C, Lemer S (2014) On the occurrence of Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Pontoniinae) in Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea, Echinometridae) in the Archipelago of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Crustaceana 87:634-638 • Ciribet G, McIntyre E, Christian E, Espinasa L, Ferreira RL, Francke OF, Harvey MS, Isaia M, Kovac L, McCutchen L, Souza MFVR, Zagmajster M (2014) The first phylogenetic analysis of Palpigradi (Arachnida) — the most enigmatic arthropod order. Invertebr Syst 28:350-360 • Gonzalez VL, Giribet C (2014) A multilocus phylogeny of archiheterodont bivalves (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Archiheterodonta). Zool Scr 44:41-58 • Hanken J (2014) Review of A Channing, M-O Rodel, and J Channing, Tadpoles of Africa: The biology and identification of all known tadpoles In sub-Saharan Africa. Copeia 2014:400-402 • Helmus MR, Mahler DL, Losos JB (2014) Island biogeography of the Anthropocene. Nature 513:543-546 • Holt NC, Wakeling JM, Biewener AA (2014) The effect of fast and slow motor unit activation on whole muscle mechanical performance: the size principle may not pose a mechanical paradox. PRSoc 6 281:20140002 • Ikmi A, Caertner B, Seidel C, Srivastava M, Zeitlinger J, Gibson MC (2014) Molecular evolution of the Yap/ Yorkie proto-oncogene and elucidation of its core transcriptional program. Mol Biol Euol 31:1375-90 • Janes DE, Organ CL, Stiglec R, O'Meally D, Sarre SD, Georges A, Graves JAM, Valenzuela N, Literman RA, Rutherford K, Gemmell N, Iverson JB, Tamplin JW, Edwards SV, Ezaz T (2014) Molecular evolution of Dmrti accompanies change of sex-determining mechanisms in Reptilia. Biol Letters 10:20140809 •Jarvis ED and 104 authors including Edwards SV (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science 346:1320-1331 •Jones KE, German RZ (2014) Ontogenetic allometry of the thoracolumbar spine during post- natal growth. Euol Dev 16:110-120 • Jones KE, Rose KD, Perry JMG (2014) Body size and premolar evolution in the early-middle eocene euprimates of Wyoming. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:15-28 • Kambic RE, Roberts TJ, Gatesy SM (2014) Long- axis rotation: a missing degree of freedom in avian bipedal locomotion.) Exp Biol 217:2770-2782 • Kawauchi GY, Giribet C (2014) Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 (Sipuncula): cosmopolitan or a group of pseudo-cryptic species? An integrated molecular and morphological approach. Mar Ecol 35:478-491 • KlaczkoJ, IngramT, Losos JB (2014) Genitals evolve faster than other traits in Anolis lizards.) Zool 295:44-48 • Kocher SD, Pellissier L, Veller C, Purcell J, Nowak MA, Chapuisat M, Pierce NE (2014) Transitions in social complexity along elevational gradients reveal a combined impact of season length and development time on social evolution. P R Soc B 281:20140627 • Kvist S, Brugler MR, Goh TG, Giribet C, Siddall ME (201 4) Pyrosequencing of the salivary transcriptome of Haemadipsa interrupta (Annelida: Clitellata: Haemadipsidae) reveals a wide array of anticoagulants and provides insights into the evolution of anticoagulation capabilities in leeches. Invertebr Biol 133:74-98 • Kvist S, Laumer CE, Junoy J, Giribet C (2014) New insights into the phylogeny, systematics and DNA barcoding of Nemertea. Invertebr Syst 28:287-308 • Laumer CE, Giribet G (2014) Inclusive taxon sampling suggests a single, stepwise origin of ectolecithality in Platyhelminthes. Biol j Linn Soc 111:570-588 • Laumer CE, Giribet G, Curini-Galletti M (2014) Prosogynopora risen, gen. et spec, nov., a phylogenetically problematic lithophoran proseriate (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora) with inverted genital pores from the New England coast. Invertebr Syst 28:309-325 • Lemer S, Buge B, Bemis A, Giribet G (2014) First molecular phylogeny of the circumtropical bivalve family Pinnidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): Evidence for high levels of cryptic species diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 75:1 1 -23 • Lemer S, Giribet G (2014) Occurrence of a bivalve-inhabiting marine hydrozoan (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina: Leptothecata) in the amber pen- shell Pinna carnea GMELIN, 1791 (Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia: Pinnidae) from Bocas del Toro. ) Mollusc Stud 80:464-468 Cladistics ^ "Walk it off: Predictive power of appendicular characters toward inference of higher- level relationships in Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones)” by Gonzalo Giribet and colleagues was featured on the cover. Gonzalo Giribet, Erin McIntyre and colleagues contributed "The first phylogenetic analysis of Palpigradi (Arachnida) — the most enigmatic arthropod order." nature For the cover story, Jonathan B. Losos, D. Luke Mahler and colleagues published "Island biogeography of the Anthropocene." Annual Report 2014*201$ 27 MCZ PUBLICATIONS Research published by Gonzalo Giribet and colleagues, "The Global Invertebrate Genomics Alliance (GIGA): Developing community resources to study diverse invertebrate genomes," was featured as the cover story. "Whales as marine ecosystem engineers" by James J. McCarthy, Joe Roman and colleagues was featured on the cover. Gonzalo Giribet, Sebastian Velez and Rosa Fernandez published "A molecular phylogenetic approach to the New Zealand species of Enantiobuninae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Neopilionidae)." • Lemer S, Planes S (2014) Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure and connectivity of the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera populations in French Polynesia. Mar Biol 161:2035-2049 • Lenihan J, Kvist S, Fernandez R, Giribet C, Ziegler A (2014) A dataset comprising four micro- computed tomography scans of freshly fixed and museum earthworm specimens. GigaScience 3:6 • Lin H-T, Ros IG, Biewener AA (2014) Through the eyes of a bird: A modeling paradigm for obstacle flight.) R Soc Interface 11:20140239 • Lopez JV and the GIGA Community of Scientists including Giribet C (2014) The Global Invertebrate Genomics Alliance (GIGA): Developing community resources to study diverse invertebrate genomes. ) Hered 105:1-18 • Lucas KN, Johnson N, Beaulieu WT, Cathcart E, Tirrell G, Colin SP, Cemmell BJ, Dabiri JO, Costello JH (2014) Bending rules for animal propulsion. Nat Commun 5:3293 • Lyons DC, Martindale MQ, Srivastava M (2014) The cell's view of animal body-plan evolution. Integr Comp Biol 54:658-66 • Magesh M, Clasby CJ, Kvist S (2014) Redescription of Namalycastis glasbyi Fernando & Rajasekaran, 2007 (Annelida, Nereididae, Namanereidinae) from India. P Biol Soc Wash 127:455-465 • McClothlin JW, Chuckalovcak JP, Janes DE, Edwards SV, Feldman CR, Brodie Jr ED, Pfrender MC, Brodie III ED (2014) Parallel evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in three voltage-gated sodium channel genes in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Mol Biol £i/o/ 31:2836-2846 • McKenna DD, Farrell BD, Caterino MS, Farnum CW, Hawks DC, Maddison DR, Seago AE, Short AEZ, Newton AF, Thayer MK (2014) Phylogeny and evolution of Staphyliniformia and Scarabaeiformia: Forest litter as a stepping-stone for diversification of non-phytophagous beetles. Syst Entomol 40:35-60 • Molnar JL, Pierce SE, Hutchinson JR (2014) An experimental and morphometric test of the relationship between vertebral morphology and joint stiffness in Nile crocodiles {Crocodylus niloticus).J Exp Biol 217:758-768 • Murienne J, Daniels SR, Buckley TR, Mayer C, Giribet G (2014) A living fossil tale of Pangaean biogeography. P R Soc B 281:20132648 • Pancheri FQ, Eng CM, Lieberman DE, Biewener AA, Dorfmann L (2014) A constitutive description of the anisotropic response of the fascia lata. J Mech Behai/ Biomed 30:306-323 • Piekarski N, Gross JB, Hanken J (2014) Evolutionary innovation and conservation in the embryonic derivation of the vertebrate skull. Nat Commun 5:5661 • Poh YP, Domingues VS, Hoekstra HE, Jensen JD (2014) On the prospect of identifying adaptive loci in recently bottlenecked populations. PLoS ONE 9:e1 10579 • Portugal SJ, Pierce SE (2014) Who's looking at your data? Science Careers doi:10.1 126/science.caredit. a 1400052 • Price SL, Powell S, Kronauer DJC, Tran LAP, Pierce NE, Wayne RK (2014) Renewed diversification is associated with new ecological opportunity in the Neotropical turtle ants.) Ei/ol Biol 27:242-258 • Pyron RA, Reynolds RC, Burbrink FT (2014) A taxonomic revision of boas (Serpentes: Boidae). Zootaxa 3846:249-260 • Quinn DB, Lauder GV, Smits AJ (2014) Flexible propulsors in ground effect. Bloinspir Biomim 9:036008 • Quinn DB, Lauder GV, Smits AJ (2014) Scaling the propulsive performance of heaving flexible panels. ) Fluid Mech 738:250-267 • Rabeling C, Bollazzi M, Bacci Jr M, Beasley RR, Lance SL, Jones KL, Pierce NE (2014) Development and characterization of twenty-two polymorphic microsatellite markers for the leafcutter ant, Acromyrmex lundii, utilizing lllumina sequencing. Conserv Genet Res 6:319-322 • Rabeling C, Bollazzi M, Bacci Jr M, Beasley RR, Lance SL, Jones KL, Pierce NE (2014) Development of twenty-one polymorphic microsatellite markers for the fungus-growing ant, Mycocepurus goeldii (Formicidae: Attini), using lllumina paired-end genomic sequencing. Conseri/ Genet Res 6:739-41 • Rabeling C, Schultz TR, Pierce NE, Bacci Jr M (2014) A social parasite evolved reproductive isolation from its fungus-growing ant host in sympatry. Curr Biol 24:2047-52 • Reynolds RG, Niemiller ML, Revell LJ (2014) Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet £i/o/ 71:201-213 • Reynolds RG, Puente-Rolon AR, Barandiaran M, Revell LJ (2014) Hispaniolan Boa (Chllabothrus striatus) on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. Herpetology Notes 7:121-122 • Reynolds RG, Puente-Rolon AR, Kolodzaike K, Butler-Smith T (2014) Isolation and characterization of 23 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers from the endangered Puerto Rican boa (Chllabothrus inornatus) using paired-end lllumina shotgun sequencing. Conseru Genet Res 6:107-109 • Riesgo A, Farrar N, Windsor PJ, Giribet C, Leys SP (2014) The analysis of eight transcriptomes from all Porifera classes reveals surprising genetic complexity in sponges. Mol Biol Ei/ol 31:1 102-1 120 • Riesgo A, Novo M, Sharma PP, Peterson M, Maldonado M, Giribet G (2014) Inferring the ancestral sexuality and reproductive condition in sponges (Porifera). Zool Scr 43:101-1 17 28 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PUBLICATIONS • Roman J, Estes JA, Morissette L, Smith C, Costa D, McCarthy J, Nation JB, Nicol S, Pershing A, Smetacek V (2014) Whales as marine ecosystem engineers. Front Ecol Environ 12:377-385 • Wegene JE, Gartner CEA, Loses JB (2014) Lizard scales in an adaptive radiation: variation in scale number follows climatic and structural habitat diversity in Anolis lizards. Biol J Linn Soc 113:570-579 • Rose KD, Holbrook L, Rana R, Kumar K, Jones K, Ahrens H, Missiaen P, Sahni A, Smith T (2014) Early Eocene fossils suggest the mammalian order Perissodactyla originated in India. Nature Common 5: 5570 • Sanders JG, Powell S, Kronauer DJC, Vasconcelos HL, Frederickson ME, Pierce NE (2014) Stability and phylogenetic correlation in gut microbiota: lessons from ants and apes. Mol Ecol 23:1268-83 • Sears MAB, Woollacott RM (2014) Benjamin Harrison Grave: American invertebrate zoologist. In Annals of Bryozoology 4: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans (Wyse Jackson P, Spenser Jones M eds) 137-167 International Bryozoological Association, Trinity College: Dublin • Sertich JJW, Stucky RK, McDonald HC, Newton C, Fisher DC, Scott E, Demboski JR, Lucking C, McHorse BK, Davis EB (2014) High-elevation late Pleistocene (MIS 6-5) vertebrate faunas from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Quaternary Res 82:504-517 • Sharma PP, Giribet G (2014) A revised dated phylogeny of the arachnid order Opiliones. Fron Genet 5:255 • Sharma PP, Kaluziak S, Perez-Porro AR, Gonzalez VL, Hormiga C, Wheeler WC, Giribet G (2014) Phylogenomic interrogation of Arachnida reveals systemic conflicts in phylogenetic signal. Mol Biol Evo/ 31:2963-2984 • Shelton RM, Thornycroft P, Lauder GV (2014) Undulatory locomotion of flexible foils as biomimetic models for understanding fish propulsion.) Exp Biol 217:2110-2120 • Song T, Kohler S, Ludascher B, Hanken J, Kelly M, Lowery D, Macklin JA, Morris PJ, Morris RA (2014) Towards automated design, analysis and optimization of declarative curation workflows. Internat J Dig Curat 9:1 11-122 • Srivastava M, Mazza-Curll K, van Wolfswinkel JC, Reddien PW (2014) Whole-body acoel regeneration is controlled by Wnt and Bmp-Admp signaling. Curr Biol 24:1107-13 • Stuart YE, Campbell TS, Hohenlohe PA, Reynolds RG, Revell LJ, Losos JB (2014) Rapid evolution of a native species following invasion by a congener. Science 346:463-466 • Velez S, Fernandez R, Giribet G (2014) A molecular phylogenetic approach to the New Zealand species of Enantiobuninae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Neopilionidae). Invertebr Syst 28:565-589 • Wahiberg N, Rota J, Braby MF, Pierce NE, Wheat CW (2014) Revised systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on molecular data. lool Scr 43641-650 • Wen L, Weaver JC, Lauder GV (2014) Biomimetic shark skin: design, fabrication and hydrodynamic function.) Exp Biol 217:1656-1666 • Wilson EO (2014) A Window on Eternity: A Biologist's Walk Through Corongosa National Park. Simon & Schuster: New York • Wilson EO (2014) The Meaning ofFluman Existence. Liverlight Publishing Corporation: New York • Winston J, Vieira L, Woollacott RM (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bu// MCZ 161:139-239 • Wray CA, Futuyma DA, Lenski RE, MacKay TFC, Schluter D, Strassman JE, Hoekstra HE (2014) Does evolutionary biology need a rethink? Counterpoint: No, all is well. Nature 514:161-164 • Wu SY, Zhang FC, Edwards SV, Wu WY, Ye J, Bi SD, Ni XJ, Quan C, Meng j. Organ CL (2014) The evolution of bipedalism in jerboas (Rodentia: Dipodoidea): Origin in humid and forested environments. Evolution 68:2108-2118. • Xiong G, Lauder GV (2014) Center of mass motion in swimming fish: effects of speed and locomotor mode during undulatory propulsion. Zoology 117:269-281 • Youngerman ED, Flammang BE, Lauder GV (2014) Locomotion of freely swimming ghost knifefish: anal fin function during four behaviors. Zoology 17:337-348 • Zapata F, Wilson NG, Howison M, Andrade SCS, Jorger KM, SchrodI M, Goetz FE, Giribet G, Dunn CW (2014) Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda. PR Soc 8 281:20141739 • Zhang Q, Hill GE, Edwards SV, Backstrom N (2014) A house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) spleen transcriptome reveals intra- and interspecific patterns of gene expression, alternative splicing and genetic diversity in passerines. BMC Genomics 15:305. • Zhang GJ and 105 authors including Edwards SV (2014) Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation. Science 346:1311-1320. • Zimkus BM, Ford LS (2014) Best practices for genetic resources associated with natural history collections: a practical implementation. Collection Forum 28:77-1 13 • Zimkus BM, Ford LS (2014) Genetic resource collections associated with natural history museums: A survey and analysis to establish a benchmark of standards. In DNA Banking for the 2V‘ Century. Proceedings of the U.S. Workshop on DNA Banking (Applequist WL, Campbell L eds) 9-44 William L Brown Center: St. Louis .A WINDOW ON ETERNITY A Window on Eternity by Edward O. Wilson describes and depicts one of the biologically richest places in Africa — and perhaps in the world — Corongosa National Park in Mozambique. In The Meaning ofFluman Existence, Edward O. Wilson examines what makes human beings supremely different from all other species. Annual Report 2oi4-2oi5 29 Financial Data These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 201 5. Endowment income funds much of the Museum's activities, including acquisition and maintenance of collections, faculty and staff salaries, capital projects, facilities renovation and maintenance. Included in Endowment income is the annual distribution, revenue generated from assets purchased through endowments, and endowed funds decapitalized per donor request. Transfers include Harvard University-funded faculty research, financial support for the Ernst Mayr Library, and other Harvard-funded projects. Other Income comprises miscellaneous income from publication subscriptions, royalties, sales and fees, and cost recovery from other MCZ-sponsored activities. Overhead is funding paid from MCZ-based sponsored projects to cover facilities and administrative costs for those projects. It is shown as both income (Overhead Earned) and expenses (Overhead Charged). Special Project-NW Collections includes deployment of collections to the newly constructed space in the Northwest Building. Building expenses such as maintenance, facility improvements and utilities are captured in the Space & Occupancy category. Operating Expenses consist of equipment purchases, supplies, and consultant and conference fees, as well as annual subventions to the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (OEB) for administrative services. Support for MCZ-afhliated graduate students in OEB is included in Scholarships, Awards & Travel. Institutional Expenses are support for other University activities outside the MCZ, including FAS and University initiatives and general operating support to the Harvard Museum of Natural History. Income Expenses & Non-Operating Funds Endowment 76% Nonfederal Sponsored Transfers Overhead Revenue 2% 2% Earned 4% \ Federal Sponsored Revenue 13% Gifts 1 Other Income 2% Salaries & Fringe Benefits 45% Operating Expenses 20% Space & Occupancy Institutional Expenses 16% Capitalized Balances <1% Special Project-NW Collections 2% Scholarships Awards & Travel 2% Overhead Charged (Sponsored) 4% 11% Income Endowment $14,585,748 Federal Sponsored Revenue $2,582,779 Overhead Earned $847,394 Transfers $426,151 Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $350,679 Other Income $328,719 Gifts $121,820 Total $19,243,290 Expenses Salaries & Fringe Benefits $8,630,113 Operating Expenses $3,698,538 Institutional Expenses $2,947,850 Space & Occupancy $2,135,514 Overhead Charged (Sponsored) $841,339 Scholarships, Awards & Travel $438,480 Special Project-NW Collections $293,718 Capitalized Balances $52,580 Total $19,038,132 30 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PERSONNEL Faculty-Curators Andrew A, Biewener Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology; Director, Concord Field Station Scott V, Edwards Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology: Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Ornithology Brian D. Farrell Professor of Biology: Curator of Entomology; Director, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies Conzalo Ciribet Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology: Curator of Invertebrate Zoology James Hanken Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology: Curator of Herpetology: Director, MCZ Hopi E. Hoekstra Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology: Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology: Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Mammalogy; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator; Harvard College Professor George V. Lauder Professor of Biology: Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology: Curator of Ichthyology Jonathan B. Losos Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology; Monique & Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America; Curator of Herpetology James J. McCarthy Professor of Biological Oceanography: Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography; Acting Curator of Malacology Naomi E. Pierce Sidney A. & John H. Hesse/ Professor of Biology; Curator of Lepidoptera Stephanie E. Pierce Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology: Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Mansi Srivastava Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Robert M. Woollacott Professor of Biology: Curator of Marine Invertebrates Emeritus Faculty A.W. "Fuzz" Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus: Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Richard C. Lewontin Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Edward O. Wilson Honorary Curator in Entomology: Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Postdoctoral Fellows, Research Associates & Visiting Scholars Allison Arnold-Rife Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Andres Bendesky Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Partha Bhagavatula Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Maria del Rosario Castaneda Herpetology, Losos Lab Alison Cloutier Ornithology, Edwards Lab David Combosch Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Valentina Di Santo Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Carolyn Eng Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Pierre-Henri Fabre Herpetology, Losos Lab Rosa Fernandez Carcia Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Heidi Fisher Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Brooke Flammang Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Hunter Fraser Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Adam Freedman Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Alexis Harrison Herpetology, Losos Lab Caroline Hu Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Katrina Jones Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab BetuI Kacar Ornithology, Edwards Lab Robert Kambic Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Christopher Kenaley Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Sebastian Kvist Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Oriol Lapiedra Herpetology, Losos Lab Jean-Marc Lassance Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Fabio Laurindo da Silva Entomology, Farrell Lab Sarah Lemer Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab David Lubertazzi Clobal Ant Project, Wilson Lab Ricardo Mallarino Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ana Lucia Miranda Tourinho Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Ricardo Perez de la Fuente Entomology, Farrell Lab Dennis Persson Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Sebastian Pohl Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Robert Graham Reynolds Herpetology, Losos Lab Ivo Ros Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Tim Sackton Ornithology, Edwards Lab Martin Schwentner Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Lori Shapiro Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Shantanu Shukla Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Yung Wa (Simon) Sin Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mary Stoddard Ornithology, Edwards Lab Gerard Talavera Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Melissa Whitaker Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Charles Williams Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Graduate Students Caitlin Baker Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Christopher Baker Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Maude Baldwin Ornithology, Edwards Lab Nicole Bedford Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Katherine Boronow Herpetology, Losos Lab John Boyle Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Alexandra Brown Entomology, Farrell Lab Rebecca Buckman Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Shane Campbell-Staton Ornithology, Edwards Lab Richard Childers Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Clenna Clifton Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Mark Cornwall Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Julia Cosgrove Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab James Crall Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Tauana Cunha Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Blake Dickson Vertebrate Zoology, S. Pierce Lab Amanda Evans Entomology, Farrell Lab Kara Feilich Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Jacob Gable Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Kadeem Gilbert Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Patrick Corring Entomology, Farrell Lab Philip Grayson Ornithology, Edwards Lab Alexis Harrison Herpetology, Losos Lab Michael Hawkins Herpetology, Hanken Lab Emily Jacobs-Palmer Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Zofia Kaliszewska Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Ambika Kamath Herpetology, Losos Lab Emily Kay Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Evan Kingsley Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Mara Laslo Herpetology, Hanken Lab Christopher Laumer Invertebrate Zoology, Ciribet Lab Zachary Lewis Herpetology, Hanken Lab Kelsey Lucas Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Briana McHorse Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Bruno Souza de Medeiros Entomology, Farrell Lab Hillery Metz Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Talia Moore Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Martha Munoz Herpetology, Losos Lab Pavitra Muralidhar Herpetology, Losos Lab Shayla Saizman Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Jon Sanders Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Elizabeth Sefton Herpetology, Hanken Lab Allison Shulz Ornithology, Edwards Lab Kari Taylor-Burt Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Kira Treibergs Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab Dylan Wainwright Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Xuemai Zhai Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab Associates Cary Alpert Associate of Entomology Harvard University Annual Report 2014*2015 31 MCZ PERSONNEL Brian S. Arbogast Associate of Mammalogy University of North Carolina Wilmington Bruce Archibald Associate of Entomology Simon Fraser University Aaron Bauer Associate of Herpetology Villanova University Reinier Beeuwkes, III Associate of Zoology Ischemix Company Andrew Berry Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University Elizabeth Brainerd Associate of Ichthyology Brown University Jae Choe Associate of Entomology Ewha Womans University Janet Collett Associate of Population Genetics University of Sussex Bruce Collette Associate of Ichthyology National Marine Fisheries Service David Bruce Conn Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Berry College James Costa Associate of Entomology Western Carolina University Catherine Craig Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Conservation Through Poverty Alleviation, International Harlan Dean Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard University Lloyd Demetrius Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University Philip DeVries Associate of Entomology University of New Orleans Gregory D. Edgecombe Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Natural History Museum, England Ben Evans Associate of Herpetology McMaster University Brooke E. Flammang Associate of Ichthyology New Jersey Institute of Technology Kelvin A. Guerrero Associate of Entomology Systematic Entomologist/Environmental Consultant Michael Hadfield Associate of Marine Biology University of Hawaii Berthold Hdlldobler Associate of Entomology Arizona State University Gustavo Hormiga Associate of Invertebrate Zoology The George Washington University Helen F. James Associate of Ornithology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Alan Kabat Associate of Malacology Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel Leslie S. Kaufman Associate of Ichthyology Boston University Gisele Y. Kawauchi Associate of Invertebrate Zoology University ofSdo Paulo Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau Associate of Entomology Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo Phillip Lobel Associate of Ichthyology Boston University David Lohman Associate of Entomology The City College of New York Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Associate of Entomology Russian Academy of Sciences James Mallet Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University Russell Mittermeier Associate of Herpetology Conservation International Piotr Naskrecki Associate of Entomology Conservation International Diane B. Paul Associate of Population Genetics Harvard University David L. Pawson Associate of Marine Biology Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Stewart Peck Associate of Entomology Carleton University Paulo Petty Associate of Ichthyology The Nature Conservancy Steve Poe Associate of Herpetology University of New Mexico Michael Rex Associate of Malacology University of Massachusetts, Boston Jessica Rykken Associate of Entomology Harvard University Chris Schneider Associate of Herpetology Boston University C^agan H. ^ekercioglu Associate of Ornithology University of Utah Andrea Sequeira Associate of Entomology Wellesley College Steven O. Shattuck Associate of Entomology Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Scott R. Shaw Associate of Entomology University of Wyoming Stephen Tilley Associate of Herpetology Smith College James Traniello Associate of Entomology Boston University David Wagner Associate of Entomology University of Connecticut David Wake Associate of Herpetology University of California, Berkeley Marvalee Wake Associate of Herpetology University of California, Berkeley Philip S. Ward Associate of Entomology University of California, Davis Jacqueline Webb Associate of Ichthyology University of Rhode Island R. Haven Wiley Associate of Ornithology University of North Carolina Cheryl Wilga Associate of Ichthyology University of Rhode Island Judith Winston Associate of Marine Biology Virginia Museum of Natural History Staff Melissa Aja Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology Adam Baldinger Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Zoology, Malacology & Marine Invertebrates Dorothy Barr Public Services/MCB Liaison Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Penny Benson Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Ronnie Broadfoot Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr Library Judith Chupasko Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy April Collins Acquisitions and Technology Specialist, Ernst Mayr Library Stefan Cover Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Jessica Cundiff Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology Tatiana De Souza Varges Curatorial Assistant Caroline DeVane Curatorial Assistant Joseph DeVeer Head of Technical Services, Ernst Mayr Library Katherine Eldridge Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Charles Farnum Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Helene Ferranti Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology Dana Fisher Assistant to the Librarian/ Special Collections, Ernst Mayr Library Linda S, Ford Director, Collections Operations Brendan Haley Senior Database Manager Karsten Hartel Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology Rachel Hawkins Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Andra Hollis Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station Kathleen Horton Assistant with Professor Wilson, Entomology Nikki Hughes Faculty/Collection Assistant, Mammalogy Amie Jones Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology Marcia Kazmierczak Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology Michelle Kennedy Collections Information & Database Specialist Laura Leibensperger Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology Jennifer Lenihan Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology Lisa Litchfield Administrator, Concord Field Station David Lowery Project Programmer, Biodiversity Informatics Joseph Martinez Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Patrick McCormack Curatorial Assistant, Entomology John Mewherter Curatorial Assistant Juri Miyamae Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations Paul J. Morris Biodiversity Informatics Manager Monica Mowery Curatorial Assistant, Entomology 32 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PERSONNEL Catherine Musinsky Faculty/Collection Assistant, Mammalogy John Nevins Laboratory Systems Manager for Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology Mark Omura Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy julianne Pelaez Curatorial Assistant Philip Perkins Curatorial Associate, Entomology Pedro Ramirez Research Assistant, Concord Field Station jignasha Rana Research Assistant, Entomology Murat Recevik Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Mark Renczkowski Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Paleontology Constance Rinaldo Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Alana Rivera Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations Jose Rosado Curatorial Associate, Flerpetology Mary Sears Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Library Diane Sheridan Faculty/Collection Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology Deborah Smiley Managing Editor, MCZ and LLUFI Margaret Starvish Eaculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology & Entomology Tsuyoshi Takahashi Curatorial Assistant, Flerpetology & Collections Operations Jennifer Thomson Faculty/Collection Assistant, Populations Genetics Diana Tingley Turmenne Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations Jeremiah Trimble Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Catherine Weisel Museum Project Coordinator Kenneth Wilcox Building Services Coordinator Victoria Wilke Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations Andrew Williston Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology Jonathan Woodward Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Collections Operations Robert Young Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Breda Zimkus Cryogenics Collections Manager for Genetic Resources Temporary Staff Madeleine Ankhelyi Ichthyology Anthony Buda Ernst Mayr Library Linnaea Burt Cryogenic Collections Paul Chaikin Collections Operations Ashley Correia Ernst Mayr Library Claire Dailey Ernst Mayr Library Kenneth Fu Ernst Mayr Library Matthew Gage Herpetology Sarah Cuth Entomology Emily Hamblet Ernst Mayr Library Jane Harrison Ornithology Gwendolyn Fougy Henry Ernst Mayr Library Madeleine Higgins Mammalogy Jyhjong Hwang Collections Operations India Peek Jensen Ernst Mayr Library Kaitlyn Justus Ernst Mayr Library Sang II Kim Ernst Mayr Library Lacey Klingensmith Herpetology Chen Li Collections Operations Maria Lindquist Ernst Mayr Library Daniel Makholm Mammalogy Elizabeth Meyer Ernst Mayr Library Jessica Mitchell Ernst Mayr Library Rachel Moon Ernst Mayr Library Robert Morris Biodiversity Informatics Jessica Mullen Malacology Li Eleanor Murphy Ernst Mayr Library Keiko Nishimoto Botany Library Robert Oppenheimer Concord Field Station You Jeong Park Ichthyology Valeria Marie Pelet Ernst Mayr Library Patrick Randall Ernst Mayr Library Jessica Roth Collection Operations Laura Sender Collection Operations Kaitlin Sheridan Invertebrate Zoology Molly Solomon Malacology Mingyuan Song Ernst Mayr Library Meaghan Sorce Marine Invertebrates Kathryn Stephens Ernst Mayr Library Amy Vo Ernst Mayr Library Encyclopedia of Life, Learning + Education Group Tracy Barbaro Project Coordinator Jeffrey T. Holmes Digital Learning Editor Amy Lorenz Project Coordinator Marie M. Studer Learning + Education Director Administration for the Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Krista Carmichael Senior Research Administrator Rebecca Chetham Executive Director Irv Dumay Building Manager Paul Dwyer Mallroom Staff Assistant Jason Green Financial Associate Alexander Hernandez-Siegel Senior Academic Programs Administrator Wendy Heywood Communications and Events Coordinator Megan McHugh Human Resources Coordinator Philip Norton Assistant Building Manager Jeremiah O'Connor Financial Analyst Monica Oyama Financial Associate Kristin Pennarun Manager ofOEB Research Administration Services Bridget Power Administrative Coordinator Christopher Preheim Senior Academic Administrator Keleigh Quinn Senior Research Administrator Peg Richard Financial Assistant Damari Rosado Associate Director of Administration Anna Salvato Manager of Financial Operations Geoff Tierney Associate Director of Finance and Research Administration The MCZ deeply appreciates the additional support and contributions of numerous interns and undergraduate students during the 2014-2015 academic year. MCZ Faculty The MCZ's charter, signed in 1859, mandates that the Museum’s activities will be overseen by a governing board, the Faculty of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Dr. John D. Constable Mr. Robert G. Goelet Mr. George Putnam, Jr. Mr. George Putnam III Dr. Barbara Jil Wu Mr. Paul J. Zofnass President Drew Gilpin Faust Acknowledgements This annual report was produced by the Office of the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Editors James Hanken, Director Melissa Aja, Museum Projects Coordinator Copy, Design & Production Cyndi Wood Creative Project Management, Inc. creativeprojectmgmt.com HARVARD MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617.495.2460 mcz.harvard.edu