HARVARD. UNIVERSELY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 13, ¥b0 Tmember a), 1928. NOV 27 1923 HY f i = 7” oO) 5 tel 1 ia “MUVd IVOIDOIO0Z ‘MAAC GATVL-ALIHM SO GadH SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IN Oriyle ZOOLOGICAL SOGIBEY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY tees Bs bea NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 11 WALL STREET JANUARY, 1912 CoPpyRiIGHT, 1912, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY H. C. SMITH & CO. NrEw YORK CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY . OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL ae AND enn MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY . REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE canneries TREASURER’S REPORTS . Income Account Maintenance Fund : Ground Improvement Fund Gucieoniiation i 5) Animal Fund Stokes’ Bird Fund Heads and Horns Library Fund : Aquarium Maintenance ean : Aquarium Improvement Fund—Revenue Bord oe he Aquarium Improvement Fund—Corporate Stock No. 4 Endowment Fund Endowment Fund Account Audit Company’s Report Auditing Committee’s Report REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR : s é : W. T. Hornaday REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM Charles: 151, Ron eena LIST OF GIFTS Zoological Park Heads and Horns Aquarium DOCUMENTS Articles of Incor Boiation By-Laws INDEX er Cp TO (EN CN TON Se) Rel) Pol cal ery TN ~ ILLUSTRATIONS WHITE-TAILED DEER GORILLA NEW BEAR DENS . HOUSE FOR WILD EQUINES . EAGLE AND VULTURE AVIARY MACKAY COLLECTION . TASMANIAN WOLF CAPE HUNTING DoG FEARED VULTURE RATTLESNAKE DEN BROWN PARROT-FISH SPOT SNAPPER SCAMP MupD PARROT-FISH PAGE Frontispiece BA 38 38 42 66 Board of Managers He-offici } The Mayor of the City of New York. x-officio: 2 ; [ The PRESIDENT Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. CLASS OF 1913 EF. AUGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, Percy Re PYNE, W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, EMERSON MCMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, MorRTIMER L. SCHIFF. CLASS OF 1914 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, JAMES J. HIE, WILLIAM C. CHURCH, GEORGE F.. BAKER, LISPENARD STEWART, GRANT B. SCHLEY, H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, HuGH D. AUCHINCLOSS, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, EDWARD S. HARKNESS. CLASS OF 1915 LEVI P. MoRTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, ANDREW CARNEGIE, HuGH J. CHISHOLM, JOHN L. CADWALADER, FRANK K. STURGIS, MADISON GRANT, GEORGE J. GOULD, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, OGDEN MILLS, SAMUEL THORNE, LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS. OF © vis OF THE New York Zoological Society President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: SAMUEL THORNE. JOHN L. CADWALADER. Secretary: Treasurer: MADISON GRANT PERCY R. PYNE, 11 Wall Street, 30 Pine Street. Executive Committee MADISON GRANT, Chairman. RERcyY KR. PYNE, LEVI P. MoRTON, SAMUEL THORNE, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, FRANK K. STURGIS, LISPENARD STEWART, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, ex-officio. Auditing Committee HuGuH D. AUCHINCLOSS, Chairman. WILLIAM WHITE NILES. C. LEDYARD BLAIR. Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 183d Street and Southern Boulevard. Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. Architects: LA FARGE & MORRIS. Consulting Engineer: Es DE s PARSONS: Officers of the Zoological Park WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Sc.D., Director and General Curator. H. R. MitcHELL,; W. REID Buair, D.V.S., RAYMOND L. DITMARS, H. W. MERKEL, C. WILLIAM BEEBE, ELWIN R. SANBORN, LEE S. CRANDALL, GEORGE M. BEERBOWER. Officers of the Aquarimn CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. RAYMOND C. OSBURN ROBERT SUTCLIFFE W. I. DE NYSE Aquarium Committee CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, EDMUND B. WILSON, BASHFORD DEAN, ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF. ALFRED G. MAYER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, THOMAS H. MORGAN, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Society. January list, 1912. Gonorary Members. *Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Pror. J. A. ALLEN, THe Dvuxe or Beprorp, Herr F. E. Braauw, *Mr. ArtHur Erwin Brown, Dr. Frank M. CHapMan, Pror. Dantet Giraup ELxior, Baker, GrEorGE F., Donee, CLEVELAND H., Kuser, Cot. ANTHONY R., MorcGan, J. Prerpont, ~“Sir WiLLiAM FLoweER, >Dr. El lors; Sm Epmunp G. Loper, Dr. C. Harr MeErriIAM, Hon. Lionet WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Dr. Puri Luritey ScLater, Mr. FrepertcK CouRTENEY SELOUS, Benefactors. RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM, Scuirr, J acos H., THORNE, SAMUEL. Founders in Perpetuity. Bourne, FrReDERICK G., *BarneEY, CuHartes T., CADWALADER, JOHN L., CARNEGIE, ANDREW, Die TERICH, CHARLES F., Govutp, Georce J., Hirt, James J., Mitts, Ocpen, Mackay, CLarENCE H., ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., * AVERY, SAMUEL F., *BaRNES, JOHN S., Brerwinpb, Epwarp J., Brewster, Ropert S., Crark, GEorGE CRAWFORD, *Donce, WILLIAM E., *GoELET, ROBERT, Goutp, Miss HELEN Miter, Harkness, Epwarp S., ‘LGN TINGTON, ©. E3, McMitiin, Emerson, *OTTENDORFER, OSWALD, Payne, Con. Oxiver H.., Morton, Hon. Levi P., Pyne, Percy R., Ropinson, NELSON, RocKEFELLER. JOHN D., Taytor, Henny A. C., Stewart, LisPENARD, THomrson, Mrs. Frepertck F., *THoRNE, Miss PHOEBE ANNA, ‘Witney, Hon Wirriam C. Founders. Perkins, GeorGcE W., Raney, Pau J., ScHERMERHO«N, F. Aucusrus, ScuirFr, Mortimer L., Scutey, Grant B., SLoaneE, WiLiiAM D., *Sroxes, Miss CAROLINE PHELPS, Srurets, Frank K., Trevor, Miss Eminy, Trevor, Mrs. JoHN B., *V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO. *Deceased. 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Associate Founders. *Bascock, SAMUEL D., QOsporn, Pror. Henry Fatrririy, Brair, C. Lepyarp, RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, *CartTer, J AMES C., *SCHUYLER, PHILIP, CuisHoLm, Hucu J., Scuuyter, Mrs. Puicipe, pe Ruam, H. Casimir, Stureis, Mrs. Frank K., *Crocker, GEORGE, Trrrany & Company, *Jesup, Morris K., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS. Patrons. * ARNOLD, Hicks, Morris, NEwxsorp, Avcuinctoss, Mrs. Hueu D., *Morris, A. NEWROLD, Barney, JAMEs W., *Morris, Mrs. A. NEwBotp, *Buiss, Cornewtius N., Osporn, WittiAmM CrturcH, *Buriss, Georce T., *Osporn, Mrs. Witrtam H., Bronson, Encar Beecuer, Poor, Henry W., Crark, Mrs. Grorcre Crawrcrp, *Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., *“ConsTABLE, FREDERICK A., Ryan, Tuomas F., “Cook, Henny H., *ScHERMERUCRN, WitriaM C.,, Enret, GEORGE, SELIGMAN, Isaac NEWTON, *Frower, Roswett P., *Srnrr, Cuartes H., Forp, James B., Srarpeson, Miss JEAN WALKER, Forp, J. Howarp, *SrICKNEY, JOSEPH, Gou tp, Jr., Epwin, Stickney, Mrs. Joseptt, Harkness, Cyartes W., Taytor, Jr., JAMEs B., Harrison, Jr., GeorceE L., TuorNE, Ewin, Hawkes, Mrs. McDovueatt, Troorne, Francis B., “HavEMEYER, Henry O., TuorNe, HENRY S., Havemeyer, WittiAM F., Tuorne, JoEL W., *Hewirt, Aram S., Trorne, LANvOoN K., Hornapay, WittiAm T., THoRNE, JR., SAMUEL, House, Epwaxp J., THORNE, S. BRINCKERHOIF, *HorrMan, Very Rev. E. A., TuorNE, Vicror C., *“TsELIN, ADRIAN, *THORNE, WILLIAM, *James, D. WILLIs, Taper, Mrs. Marcarert T., James, Norman, *Twomsiy, H. McK. James, Dr. Water B., Von Post, Herman C., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., *Wess, WILLIAM H., *Lewis, Mrs. Greorce, *Wotrr, A., Mayer, Dr. Aurren G., Wauirney, Harry. Lite Members. Avams, Enwarp Dran, *Barnes, Miss Cora F., AGNEW, CorneELtivs R., Barnes, Miss Mivprep, AGNEW, GeorcE B., BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, ANoprEws, Constant A., Bett, Mrs. C. M., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, Bett, Gorvon Knox, Avcutinctoss, Huer D., Betmont, Avucust, *BALLANTINE, Roser F., Berrs, SAMUEL Rossiter, Barsour, TrHomas, Bisuop, Heser REGINALD, Bargour, WixLIAM, Biro, Cares SUMNER, Baruyoprt, Mrs. P. Hacxtey, *BrackrorD, LuGENE, G., *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1 3LamR, Dr. W. RE, Boxpr, GrorGcE C., Bonp, Frank S., Boorn, Wi111Am H., Boury, Louis J., Bowpo1n, GeorGE S., Brantey, J. R., BriINSMADE, CHARLES LYMAN, Brown, Grorcrt McKessen, *Bruce, Miss Matitpa W., BurveEN, 2npD, HENRY, Burrace, Carr. Guy H., BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, Burter, Witiiam Mitt, CaMMANN, GeorcE P., Camr, HucH N., CauLpwettL, Dr. Cuartes MILBANK, CHANLER, WINTHROP, CHapin, CHESTER W., CuHarin, CuHanrtes M., CuisHoLm, Jr., Hueu J., *CuourcuH, E. Dwicnt, Cuurcu, Mrs. NELLIE E., Cuurcnu, WILLARD, CuurcH, WILLIAM Conant, Crark, I’. Amprose, CLarkKson, BANYER, Cor, Wi111Am R., CorFrin, CHar-es A., CoLGaTE, WILLIAM, Cotxier, Rosert J., Coxzorp, GrorcE W., *Coitorp, Mrs. Grorce W., *ConYNGHAM, WILLIAM L.., (Cook Cash, CoRNING, JOHN J., *CoxeE, Davies, Coxe, Mrs. Anice McC., Crane, ZENAS, CrIMMINNS, JOHN D., SCuVEERSC.C= *Davis, KE. W.., Davis, JoHN W. A., DE CoppetTtT, Kpwarp J., DEERING, CHARLES, DELAFIELD, ALBERT, *pE RHAM, CHARLES, DickEerRMAN, Watson B., Dickey, Cuartes D., Disston, Jr., HENry, Dirmars, R. L., Donce, Grorce EGLEston, Donee, Marcerius Harttey, Doeucer, CHartes P., Doetcer, Peter, Doetrcer, Jr., PETER, Draper, Mrs. Henry, Ot Dressier, Oscar, DuBots, Miss ETHEL, DuBors, Miss KATHERINE, DuBois, WirrtaM A., Dvucmore, A. RADCLYFFE, Dunuam, Epwarp K., Duwnscomse, GeorGE E1tsworri, Dwyer, THomMAs, Epvear, NEWBOLD, Evior, SAMUEL, Exuis, W. Dixon, Exry, Amprose K., Eno, Amos F., Farrcuitp, Hon. Cuartes 5., FrarinG, GeorceE R., Frercuson, Mrs. Farquyar, Frercuson, Miss May, Fieip, CorrLanpt DE PEYSTER, Fisuer, Mrs. Henry J., FLEITMANN, WILLIAM MEDILIcovT?. Fruint, Cuartes R., Forp, Henry, Frencu, S. Barton, Gerry, Exprince T., GoopwIn, JAMES J., Goutp, GrorceE H., Grant, Mapison, GRINNELL, GrorGE Biro, GUGGENHEIM, S. R., GunTHER, BERNARD G., GUNTHER, FRANKLIN L., GurTuriz, Wo. D., HaGENBECK, Cart, Hamirron, Wm. Pierson, Harpine, J. Horace, Harxness, Mrs. S. V., Harran, CHartes J., Harris, ALan C., Hart, Frank, Haupt, Dr. Louis, * Haven, GrorcE G., Hearn, Georce A., *HENvDERSON, Cuartres R., *HIGGINSON, JAMEs J., Hitt, Hueu, Hor, Ricuarp M., Hoe, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Horxins, Georce B., Husgarp, THomas H., Hountineron, ArcHER M., Hype, James H., Jackson, THEODORE F., JENNINGS, OLIVER G., Jesup, Mrs. Morris K., JUILLIARD, Mrs. A. D., IKANE, GRENVILLE, KANE, JOHN INNES, *Deceased. 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Kine, GEorGE Gorpon, *KINGSLAND, WILLIAM M., Kisset, Gusrav E., Kunuarpt, W.B., LaF ance, C. Grant, Lanenon, Woopsury G., Lanier, CHARLES, Lee, CH artes NorTHaAM, Leeps, Mrs. Warner M., LEHMAN, S. M., Lounstery, Ben-Auti H., *LOUNSBERY, RICHARD P., Low, C. ADoLPHE, Low, Sern, Lynie, Davin, Lynpic, Carr. Pri M., McAtpin, CHartes WILLISTON, McComps, J. Scorr, McKeever, I. C., *McKim, Carters F., McLane, Guy Ricnuarps, Macxay, Donan, Macy, V. Evenrir, Maperra, Percy C., *MAITLAND, ALEXANDER, Mattrory, Cuanrtes H., Marc, THeornitus M., Marxoe, Dr. Francis H., Marstatz, Louts, Merxket, Herman W., Mixter, Dr. Grorce N., MrircHe 1, A. M. Post, MitcHe tt, H. R., Mircuert, Mason, *MircHetyt, RoLanp G., Mone tt, AmproseE, Moore, Mrs. J ames Anrory, Moore, Freveric P., Moran, Daniet E., MorGAn, JR., J. P., Morean, JRr., Mrs. J. P., *Morris, J AMES, Nessitt, A. G., NEwsoip, THomAs, NEWLAND, V. M., Nicuots, Mrs. Winii1AmM GitmMan, Nites, J. Barron, Nires, WiILtiAM WHITtTeE, Norton, JoHN W., Oszorn, Mrs. WittiAmM Cuurcn, ParisH, Henry, ParrisH, J AmEs C., Prapopy, Cuarwes A., Perkins, Witiiam H., Puitiies, JoHN M., Purprs, Henny, Puerrs, Mrs. M. von R., PHOENIX, Lioyp, PHOENTX, PHILLIPS, PTERREPONT, JOHN JAY, *PINCHOT, J. W., *Porter, Mrs. Henry C., Porrer, WItLson, Prart, Darras B., Procror, A, Pirtmrister, Purirzer, RALPH, Pyne, M./Taynor, *Quty ard, GEorRGE W., Raymonp, Cuartes H., RIKER, Jr., SAMUEL, *Ross, J. Hawppen, Rogsrns, Miron, Roprnson, ARTHUR, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Runetus, Car, Russ, Epwarp, RuTrHERFURD, WINTHROP, St. JoHN, Frank L., Sampson, HENRY, SanrorpD, Henry, Sa.tus, J. SANFORD, *SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMONT, *Sanps, WILLIAM R., *SCHIEFFELIN, KUGENE, SCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Sreron, Ernest THOmPpsoN, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, SHERMAN, WILLIAM WarTtTs, Sutevps, Grorce O., Sioan, Benson B., *SLOAN, SAMUEL, SLOAN, JR., SAMUEL, *SLOAN, JOHN, SPEYER, J AMES, Saurer, Stuart C., Sretson, Francis LYNDE, Stroxes, Miss Onivyia KE. PHELps, SrraicuT, Mrs. WiLLarp, StrurGEs, FREDERICK, Tariton, Leste S., THALMAN, ERNST, Tuompson, Lewis S., THompson, WiLiiaM P., ‘TiLrorp, Frank, Top, Rosert E., Topp, Wittiam R., TOWNSEND, Cuartes H., Trevor, Henry G., Trevor, JoHN B., Tritton, CiaupeE H., Tuck, Epwanp, UniMAnn, [*rEDERICK, W apswortnH, Masor W. Austin, *Deceased. SIXTEENTH W apvswortH, Mrs. W. A., Wartnwricur, RicHarp T., Waker, Dr. HENrY FREEMAN, Warsure, Feri M., = WARREN, SAMUEL D., *Watson, Francis A., WATSON, JAMES S., Wess, Dr. W. SEwarp, Wetcuer, Mrs. FANNIE AVERY, ANNUAL REPORT WETMORE, GEORGE PEABODY, W HEALTON, Louis N., WHITEHEAD, PAUL, WHITNEY, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, PAYNE, WHITNEY, Caspar, Witiets, Howarp, Wine, JouHn D., Woop, Miss ELtEANor DENNISTON, Sustaining Members. ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., AvcuHtnctoss, Huen D., Baxer, GeorceE F., Barszour, WILLIAM, Baruyopr, Mrs. P. Hackrey, BaRNES, JR., J. SANFORD, Brair, C. Lepyarp, Bioneerr, WitriaM T., Bownporn, G.S., Bowoporn, TremPre, Burr, WINTHROP, CADWALADER, JOHN L.., CaNnFIELD, RicHarp A., CARNEGIE, ANDREW, CutsHorm, Hue J., Crark, GeorcE C., pE Mii1av, Louts J., Dick, J. HENRY, DretericHu, C. F., Donce, CLEVELAND H., Dunuam, Epwarp K., Emmet, C. TEMPLE, Fietp, Mrs. Wo. B. Oscoon, Forp, J AMEs B., Fraser, Miss S. Grace, Gooprince, Mrs. Erner M., Goopwin, JAMES J., Goutp, Miss HeLten M., GRANT, MApiIson, Hamittron, Wo. Prerson, Harkness, E. S., Harkness, Mrs. STEPHEN V., Havemeyer, JRr., F.C., HaAvEMEYER, T. A., Hit, JAMEs J., Hor, Ricwuarp M., Hor, Mrs. Ricuanrp M., Hopkins, Geoxrce B., Hyoe, Mrs. CLarence M., IsELINn, JR., ADRIAN, James, ARTIIUR CuRTISS, JENNINGS, O. G., Kann, Orro H., Lanepon, Woopzcery G., Lyoic, Pur M., McMittry, Emerson, Mariine, ALFRED E., Maxwett, Roper, Mitis, Ocdrn, Morean, J. P., Morcan, JR., J. P., Morton, Hon. Levi P., Nizes, W. W., Osporn, Henry FairFiE.p, Oszorn, Wirriam C., PENFoLtb, Wit11AM Hatt, Perkins, GEORGE W., Puiprs, Henry, PHOENIX, Luoyp, Pierce, Henry Chay, Porter, CLARENCE, Pyne, M. Taytor, Pyne, Percy R., Rogpinson, NELSON, ScHERMERHORN, F. AuGcustus, Scuirr, J acon H., Scuirr, Mortimer L., Scuiey, Grant B., Scuuytrer, Mrs. Puirip, SLOANE, W1ILLIAM D., Stetson, Francis L., SrewarT, LIsPENARD, Srureis, Frank K., Srureis, Mrs. Franx K., Tatomrson, Mrs. FrepertcK Ferris Tompson, Lewts S., THORNE, SAMUEL, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., VANDERBILT, W. K., von Post, H. C., W apswortH, W.A., WHITE, JR., JOHN J., Wuirtney, H. P., WHITNEY, PAYNE, Winturop, Ecerton L., *Deceased. it, 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Hellows.7 Bargour, THomMAs, GRrINNELL, Dr. Georce B., Breese, C. WILLIAM, Horwnavay, Dr. WittiAMm T., BrcxmoreE, Pror. ALBERT S., Lee, Pror. Frepenric S., Brair, Dr. W. Rem, Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., Brisrot, Pror. CHAR LEs L., Marruew, Dr. W. D., Brooks, Dr. Harrow, Mayer, Dr. ALFRED GOLDSBOROUGH CaLxkins, Pror. Gary N., Merxert, HERMANN W., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., Morean, Pror. Tuomas H., CRANDALL, LEE S., Ossorn. Pror. HENRY FAIRFIELD, Davenport, Dr. Cuartes B., Oszurn, Dr. Raymonn C., Dean, Dr. BAsHForpD, Seton, Ernest THOMPSON, Dirmars, Raymonn L., SHELDON, CHARLES, DurcHer, WILLIAM, TowNseEnD, Dr. Cuartes H., Grant, Mapison, Witson, Pror. Enmunp B., Greoory, Dr. Witiiam K., Aunual Members. Asnorr, Mrs. Marie M., ANDREINI, J. M., ABEEL, GEORGE, APPLETON, FrANCIs R., ABEEL, JOHN H., APPLETON, JAMES W., ABERCROMBIE, Davin T., ArcHRBOLD, Mrs. J. F., AcHELIs, Frirz, AREND, F’. J., ACHELIS, JOHN, Armour, GEorGE A., Apams, Crartes F., Armovur, Mrs. Herman O., ApaAms, FreDErRICK B., ArmstronG, J. H., ApAms, Miss Maupe, ArMsTRONG, Dr. WILLIAM, ApaAms, Jr., Hueco S., Astor, JOHN JACOB, Apams, [THarcHer M., Avucuinctioss, Jr., Mrs. Enear S., AGENS, FREDERICK GIRARD, AvcHinctoss, Huen, AGNEW, ANDREW G., AUCHINCLOSS, JOHN W., AGNEW, Mrs. CorneEtiuts R., Aycriace, B. ARTHUR, AITKEN, JOHN W., BacueE, Jutss S., Avpricu, Mrs. JAMES Herman, Bacon, GeorGE W., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Cuarces B., BAKER, STEPHEN, ALEXANDER, DouGtas, BaLpwin, Frederick H., ALEXANDER, FRANK D., BALDWIN, JR., J ARED G., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Anppison, Bances, Dr. L. Borron, ALEXANDER, Mrs. HELEN B., Banks, THeopore H.., ALEXANDER, Dr. WEtcomE T., Barsey, Henry G., ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, Barciay, Mrs. REGINALD, ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY, Bartow, PETER TOWNSEND, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. Josern, Barnanrp, J. AuGustus, ALLAND, MAURICE, Barnes, Miss CHarorre A., ALLEN, ETHAN, Barnes, Epwarp W., ALTscHUL, C., Barnes, Jr., J. SANFORD, ALLIEN, FREDERICK, Barnes, Mrs. JoHN S., Amory, Copley, Barney, A. L., AMEND, Rosert I’., Barney, AsuBet H., Ams, Cuarves M., Barney, Mrs. J. Stewart, Amy, L. H., Barney, N.C., ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, Barnum, WitiiaM M., +The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working and scientific zoologists. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Barron, Georce D., Barrow, Miss D. B., Barron, Wits E., Barrerson, J AMEs G., BAUMANN, GUSTAV, Baur, H.C; Baxter, Jr., GEORGE S., Bayarp, Louis P., BayYuiEs, Epwunp L., Bayuiss, Mrs. Naru avis E., Bayuis, WILLIAM, Beacnu, WALTER R., Beapieston, ALrreD N., BEAL, WiLLiAM R., BECKER, CHRISTIAN, Becker, CONRAD, BecxeEr, F. W., BEEKMAN, Dr. FENWICK, Benr, Roper, Bett, Park E., BEMENT, Epwarp, Benxarp, Harry H., Benxkarp, Mrs. Harry H., BENJAMIN, EUGENE S., BENJAMIN, GEORGE POWELL, Benson, R. LAWRENCE, Benson, Miss Mary, Benson, Roper, Benson, Miss THyrza, BeroLzHEIMER, E., BERNHEIMER, CHARLEs L., BERNHEIMER, SIMON E., BERRY, SAMUEL, Bertrom,S. R., Beyer, Max J., Bick arore, Pror. Arrert S., Bier, Mrs. SYLvVAN, BILiinGs, FREDERICK, Brings, C. Kk. G., BiIncGHAM, KENNETH F., Brrecwatt, W. H., BircKHEaD, Hucu, Biro, Epwarp Dimon, Birp, GEorGE, BisHor, Miss Mary CUNNINGHAM, Bisuor, OGpEN, BLAGDEN, GEORGE, BraGpen, Mrs. Georce, BLaGpEN, Mrs. Junta G., Bram Ds. Briair, J. INstry, Bratir, Mrs. Lepyarp, Brake, Dr. Josern A., BLakESLEE, T. J., Buss, Ernest C., Biopcet, ALDEN S., Bropcertr, Wittiam Trnpon, BrioopGoop, Rosert F., BLooMINGDALE, JOSEPH B., Bross, James O., Boerreer, H. W., *Bocertr, Epwarp C., BoissEvAIn, G. L., Borton, Miss Era I’., Bonp, Avrrep H., Bonp, STEPHEN N., Bonner, G. T., Borcstepe, JOHN G., Bortanp, J. NELSON, Borianp, Mrs. JoHn, Bortanp, WILLIAM G., Bostwick, ALBERT C., Bourton, Witi1AM B., Bowpbo1n, Miss Eniry, Bowpoin, TEMPLE, Bowopotn, Mrs. TEMPLE, Bowen, CLARENCE WINTHROP, Bowers, JoHN M., Bowne, FrAaNcIs Draper, Brackett, GEorGE C., BrapDiey, ALLAN B. A., Brapy, Mrs. J. R., Brapy, Nicno.nas F’., Bratnerp, Ira H., Branp, Oscar J., BRANDRETH, COURTENAY, Bransom, Paut, Braun, FREDERICK, BreEIDENBACH, CHartes M., Brennen, Avcust F., Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN, Brewster, Mrs. Cuartes C., Brewster, GEorGE S., Bristow, WiLi1AM B., Brinces, Roserr, BRINCKERHOFF, Ebert A., Brisro., JoHN I. D., Brocxke, Rupotr, BropMERKEL, CHARLES, Broxaw, Crirrorp B., Broxaw, Mrs. Ciirrorp B., Bronson, Dr. Enwarp BENNET, Bronson, MAyHEw W., Brovuenton, Mrs. U. H., Brower, Georce V., Brown, Hon. Appison, Brown, Cuartes F., Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, FRANKLIN Q., Brown, JoHN Barker, Brown, Horace, Brown, IrvinG Swan, Brown, VERNON CARLETON, Brown, STEPHEN P. B., *Deceased. 19 20 NEW YORK Brown, Watpron P., Brown, Epwin H., Brownrinec, WittiaM H., Brownine, J. A., Brucker, Cart, Bryan, Dr. Josern D., Bryce, Mrs. WiLL1AM, *BucHANAN, WILLIAM, Buckner, Tuomas A.., Bupp, Henry A., BurEecuner, C. Frep, Buixtey, Epwin M., Butxtey, Mrs. Epwin M., Butxtey, L. Duncan, Buty, CHaries LIvINSTONE, Bott, Rorert Mactray, Butt, Wit11aM L., Burczack-BatxK, H. W., Burven, Jnr., JAMES A.., Borven, Jr., Mrs. James A., Borcess, Epwarp G., BurveicH, Georce W., Bourweicu, Mrs. Grorce W., Burnuam, Mrs. Douctas W., Burr, WINTHROP, Busu, Joun S., Busx, Frep T., Bourter, ArrHuour W., Burter, Miss VirGinta, Borter, Mrs. P. H., Buttner, Gustav, Burts, Jr., Dr. A. C., Cazor, F. H., Carsar, Henry A., CauHEN, Jutius P., Cater, Amos H., Catztenver, Miss Mary R., Carman, Henry L., CaLMAN, ALBERT, CaMMANN, Epwarp C., CamMANN, Henry Lorinvarp, CamMmann, Herman H., CANFIELD, GEORGE FOLGER, CanFIELD, Ricuarp A., Cannon, James G., Canrosert, A. H., Carey, Freprrick F., Carry, Henry T., Caruart, A. SIBLEY, CarPENDER, WILLIAM, CARPENTER, PHILIP, Carroiy, Royat Puerprs, Case, Henry P., Cass, CHarLes ANDERSON, Cassarp, WILLIAM J., CasweELt, JouHN H., Carucart, Miss JENNIE R., ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Crreno, R. L., Crapor, THEopore J., CHAMBERS, Frank R., Cuampbers, Hinary R., CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, Cuapin, Miss Marta Bowen, CuHapman, Henry Om!s, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, CHAUNCEY, ELIHU, CHEESMAN, Mrs., CHENEY, Georce L., CHESEBROUGH, Ropenrt A., CricuEstEer, CHARLES Darwin, Cup, Mrs. Lewis P., Cuitps, EVERSLEY, Cups, Witt1am H., CHILDs, STARLING W., Cutso_m, B. OcpdEN, Cuisoim, Mrs. B. Ocnen, Cuoate, JosePH K., Curisti£, Ropert L., Cuuss, Percy, CuourcH, Cuartes T., CuurcH, Jr., Hy. D., CuourcHu, Freperic E., Cuorcu, F.S., Cuorcu, THEopore W., CLAFLIN, JOHN, Ciark, CHARLES Martin, Crark, D. Crawrorp, Criark, J. Francis ALoysivs, Crark, J. MIrcnett, Crark, L. C., Crark, Jr., Louis C., Crark, Miss Martan AVERELL, (Cranes Wier. Crark, Watter G., Criarxk, Wit11aM N., CriarkE, E. A.S., CrLarkeE, THOMAS SHIELDS, CLAUSEN, GEORGE C., CLEVELAND, CuHartes D., Crype, Wir11AM P., Cocurane, F. D., Cocurane, A. W.S., Cocxcrort, Miss E. V., Cocxran, Hon. W. Bourke, CoppiIncton, Mrs. JEFFERSON, *Copman, Mrs. OcpdEn, Corrirn, WILLIAM Epwarp, Cortsron, Paut TowNsEND, Corpurn, ALBERT E., Corsy, Howarp A., Coie, Epwarp F., Corr, Mrs. Rurus, CoLuier, Price, Cor1iEr, Mrs. R. J., *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 2] Cotiins, Dr. Stacy Bunpp, CoLiins, CLARENCE LYMAN, Coxuins, Miss GERTRUDE, Cort, Harris D., Cour, Ricuarp C., Comstock, Mrs. H.G., Conpon, Ttromas GERALD, ConTENT, Harry, ConyNGHAM, JOHN N., Conway, Mrs. Maup Attis, Coox, CHartss S., Coox, Mrs. FRrEpDERIc, Coomse, T. Gorton, Coorvrer, H. S. FENrMorE, Cooper, ‘THEODORE, CorBIn, AUSTIN, Cortes, Howarp, Cornine, C. R., Costain, KuGENE H., Coster, Epwarp LivinGsron, Cowvrn, WINTHROP, Cow tes, Davin S., Cox, Cuartes F., Cox, JENNINGs S., Cram, Mrs. Katrurine G., *CRANE, JONATHAN H., Crane, Mrs. JonaTHan H., CravatH, Mrs. Paut D., Crawrorp, WILLIAM, CrAYEN, Dr. Gustav A., Crocker, WiILLIAM P., CroMWELL, FREDERIC, CROMWELL, JAMES W., CroMWweELL, LINCOLN, Cross, Grorce D., Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, Cross, W. RepmMonp, CrossLtey, G. REGINALD, CRUICKSHANK, J AMES, CUNNINGHAM, W. DE L.., CurtEt, H., Cusuine, Harry A., Cturrer, RarpuH L., Currine, R. Furtron, Curtine, W. Bayarp, Curtine, Mrs. W. Bayarp, Cuyter, Mrs. C. C., Cuvier, Miss ELEANor DE G., Dattey, GRANVILLE F., Daty, Mrs. Marcus, *Damon, Wittiam E., Dana, CuHartes A., Dana, Paut, DaNNHEIMER, WILLIAM L., Darps, Cuartes A., Davenrort, Dr. Cuartes B., Davenport, Mrs. Ira, Davince, Wit11AM H., Davies, FreprericK M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, Davies, J ULIEN TAPPAN, Davis, DANtEL A., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, Howianp, Davis, Joseru P., Davis, Morean, Davison, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, Miss Era H., Davison, GEorGE Howarp, Day, ArtHurR M., Day, Mrs. Henry Mitts, Dean, Dr. BasHrorp, Dr Copret, Henry, Deeves, Riciarp, bE Forest, Miss CAROLINE, DE Forest, Rosert W., DEGENER, J. F., DeGorcouria, A. V., DeKuyn, B. F., DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., DeEtaFriEtp, Miss J utia Livincston, Deano, WARREN, Der Lanoy, WIL C., Demarest, Mrs. WarrEN G., Demarest, Wm. Curtis, Demine, L. C., DePuy, Henry F., DeRuam, CHARLES, DeRuam, Mrs. H. Casimir, Desparp, WALTER D., DEVEREUX, WALTER B., DEVINNE, THEODORE Low, DeEWirrt, Georce G., DeEWirt, WitiiaM G., DExTER, STANLEY W., Dry, ANTHONY, Deyo, Rosert E., Dick, J. HENRY, Dicxerson, E. N., Dien, Georce H., Dienxt, Jr., Georce H., Dienst, A. P., Dixe, Oscar D., Dimock, Greorce E., Dirrmar, JR., JOHN, Drxon, THEoporE P., Dopp, Miss GERTRUDE, Donee, D. Stuart, Donee, Miss Exizaneru W., Donee, Miss Grace H., DommenicnH, L. F., Doremus, F.S., Dovstepay, F. N., Dovuetas, J AMEs, *Deceased. 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Doveras, WitiiaAM H., Dovetass, ALFRED, Down, Joseru, Downey, JouN I., Dows, Jr., Mrs. Davin, Down, Tracy, DrakENFIELD, B. FERDINAND, Draver, Dr. WitiiaM K., Drayton, J. COLEMAN, Draz, FRANCIS, Droescuer, S. R., Drummonpn, Il. Wyman, Duane, RicuHarp BacHe, DuBois, Dr. Marruew B., Duet, Dr. Arruur B., Durer, Mrs. JoHN BEVERLEY, Duttes, Jr., WILLIAM, Duncan, Mrs. Joun P., DuNCAN, STUART, Duncan, W. Butter, Dunpas, RatpH Worts, DunuHAM, Dr. Carrort, Dunuam, Mrs. G. H., Dunn, Gano, Duryea, Mrs. H. B., Duryea, Harry H., Duryea, Gen. Hiram, DurcHer, WILLIAM, Dwicut, Mrs. Epmunp, Dwicut, JouN E., JAMES, JOHN C., ‘ASTON, CHARLES PHILIP, Exssine, A. H., EcKSsTEIN, GEORGE, Epear, D., Enear, Herman L. R., EncGe.x, Georce S., Epmonpbs, JoHN W., Ecer, Trreopor G., Ecervon, M., EGGELING, Orto, YIDLITZ, ROBERT J AMES, Ercers, Cart, Exvsers, Mrs. Frirz, Exprince, FrevertcK L., Exvporince, Wirriam T., Exzis, Wittiam D., Evitswortni, Duncan S., ExtswortH, J. M., Extswortn, LIncoin, EMANUEL, JR., J. H., Emmet, C. Temrxe, Emmet, Miss Lypta F., Emmet, Roserr TEMPLE, Envpicorr, Roser, Eno, JOHN CHESTER, Ersstonr, R., ErpMANN, Martin, Erxmeyer, H. F., ErrLincer, Louts, Eustis, JoHN E., Evans, Mrs. D. W., Evans, RicHarp, Kvarts, A. W., Evarts, Miss Mary, Evarts, SHERMAN, Everett, A. L., EVELAND, FRANK, Fansrit, ALESSANDRO, Fapsri, Ernesto G., Fapsri, Mrs. Ernesto G., Faunestock, Harris C., FaHNnestock, WILLIAM, Farpanks, Henry P., Fatrcuitp, Mrs. C.S., Fatrs, Mrs. DE Wirt CLInTon, Fax, Gustav, Fareco, J aMEs C., Fartey, Corvin, Fartieg, A., FarNHAM, PAULDING, Farretry, T. CHaARtLEs, Farrincron, Harvey, Fay, Francis B., Frettows, Wa. Gorpdon, FENNELL, GEorGE W., Frercuson, Rev. Henry, Frercuson, Harry L., Feuss, Capt. ANDREW W.., Frusrman, LrEon P.. Freip, Mrs. Witii1am H., Frecp, Witii1Am B. Oscoon, Frevp, Mrs. Wir11Am B. Oscoon, FrietpDInc, GEeorceE T., Fincxe, Mrs. REGINALD, Fiscuer, Witiiam H., Fisuer, L. G. Fisk, DantEt M., Fracrer, Harry HarKkness, FLEIscH, SAMUEL, Frit, Jr., AUSTIN, Frower, FREDERICK S., Fonr, Franz, Fourert, Ricuarp E., Foor, James D., Foran, GrorGe J., Forp, Miss Lesta, Forpyce, JouHn A., Fosrer, Epwarp W., Foster, Grraup, Foster, J. Heceman, Foster, Macome G., Foster, Scorr, Fow rer, Mrs. ANDERSON, *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 2 Fow ter, Jr., CHARLES, FRALEY, JOHN U., Fow er, Harotp, Fow.er, THomaAsS PoweELt, Frank, Louis, Fraser, ALEx. J., Fraser, ALEX. V., Fraser, Mrs. GreorGe S., Fraser, Miss J. K., Fraser, WILitAM C., Fraser, Miss S. Grace, FREEMAN, Miss GERTRUDE, Frees, JoHN F., FrencH, Dr. CEctn, FrencuH, Dantet C., Frencu, Mrs. Joun, Friep, SAMSON, Fries, Dr. Harorp H., Frissert, A. S., Frost, Aaron V., Fuxpa, Dr. CLEMENS, Futter, Cuartes D., Futier, Mrs. EKuGene, Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA, FuNKE, EpmMuN»D A., Furrerer, Coartes F., GAINEs, JOHN M., GALLATIN, ALBERT, GALLATIN, GOELET, GAaALLAWAY, MERRILL W., GarrETT, JOHN W., Gautier, Cuartes E., Gautier, Dupiey G., GAUNT, J AMES, Gay, Josepu E., GEISEN HEIMER, THEODORE, Gerbacn, Dr. R. WirriaM, Geer, Mrs. WALTER, Gerarp, Mrs. James W., GerrisH, JOHN Brown, Gerry, Perver G., GerstLe, Enwarp G., Gerster, Dr. Arparp G., GIANINI, CHartes A., GILBERT, CLINTON, GILLEsPIE, Rogert McM., Gitsey, Jr., HENry, Guazier, Henry S., Giyn, W. E., Goapsy, W. H., Gopparp, FreDErRIC N., Gopparp, Mrs. F. Norton, Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., GoETz, Car, GoLpMAN, J ULIUs, Goxipscumint, S. A., Goopuvrt, CuHartes E., GoopHteE, Mrs. S. C., GooprikEcE, Mrs. Erner M., Goopwtn, A. C., Goopwtn, Mrs. J. J., GorrHeELF, CHARLES, GorrHeLr, Herman, GorTrHoLp, FREDERIC, Goutp, Cuanrtss A., Goutp, CHartes W., Gout, Epwin, GraHam, Mrs. Roserr J)., Grant, R.S., Graves, GeorGE Cor, GREEFF, Ernest F., GREENOUGH, JOHN, GREENOUGH, Mrs. JoHNn, *GREENWOoOD, Isaac J., GREENWOOD, J. WM., GREER, CHARLES, GREER, WILLIAM A., GrirFin, Mrs. WiniiaM P., GrirFitH, Miss MArGAReEtTTE E., GriFFirH, Miss Susan D., GRINNELL, E.. Morcan, Griscom, Jr., CLEMENT A., GrIswoLp, CHESTER, Griswotp, GEORGE, Gross, FRANK, GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GULLIVER, Mrs. W. C., GURNEE, WALTER S., Haienr, CHartes S., Hares, Cuartes D., Hace, JouN D., Hatiock, Cuartes P., BUNeIb INS (Ca Hatz, Arruur H., Hatt, Tuomas C., Hatt, Frank L., Hats, Jr., WILLIAM, Hatsey, Hersert Drake, Hatsteap, Miss L. P., Hamerstey, Miss C. L., Hamerstey, Louis Gorpon, Hamirtron, Miss ADELAIDE, Hamirton, Miss EvizaBperuH STewarrt, Hamirtron, Mrs. WiLi1AmM Pierson, Hammonp, J ames B., Hammonp, Mrs. Joun Henry, HammMonp, OcpEN H., Hance, JouHN A., Hansmawnn, Cart A., Harseck, Cuartes T., Harp, Anson W., Harp, Mrs. Anson W., HarDENBERGH, T. E., Harmon, Mrs. Ciirrorp, *Deceased. 24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Harper, Laruror C., Harris, Mrs. Avzert H., Harrison, Francis Burton, Hartstorne, J. M., Harvey, E11, HassiacHeEn, J ACOB, Hastincs, Mrs. THOMAS, Harrietp, Tuomas F., Havemeyer, Jr., F.C., Havemeyen, Jr., H. O., Havemeryer, J.C., Havemeyen, T. A., Haven, Jr., Grorce G., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBERT G., Hawe, Marruew, Hayes, Mrs. R. Tomers, Haynes, Witi1am DeForest, Hecker, Dr. ANTON J., Hences, Jos E., Heman, ABRAHAM, Heiman, E., Herman, Mrs. SopHie, Heinvrz, JouN C., HerremMeEYER, CLEMENS, HencKEN, HANCKE, Hewnoricks, FRANCIS, Hencst Ler, Louis, HENNING, Emit F., HENNING, H., Hepzsurn, A. Barron, HERMANN, I*ERDINAND, Hermann, Bernuarp F., Herrick, Haron, Herrman, Mrs. EstHer, Herver, Mrs. ALBERT, Herter, Mrs. Curistian A., Hess, SELMAR, HeuMANN, MICHAEL, Hewirr, Mrs. Apram S., Hewirr, Hersert H., Hexamar, A. P., Jalon 1M IBes Hitt, Frank B., Hirt, Roserr C., Hints, Dr. Arrrep K., HincHMAN, WALTER, Hirscu, Cuartres S., Hircucock, rank R., HocuscHiLp, BERTHOLD, Hoek, Mrs. Roser, Horrman, Cuarves FREDERICK, Horrman, Mrs. E. A., HorrMan, Miss M. U., Hoce, James A., Horsroox, Mrs. F.S., Hoven, Evwiy R., Horirns, Henry B., Hotuister, Wn. H., Hort, Henry, Horrer, Mrs. EL. O., Hootey, Epwin S., Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S., Hoppin, Miss Frances, Hoppin, Hamirtron L., Horrin, Jr., Witr1am W., Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Horcukin, W. B., Hosxirr, H. C., HovucutTon, A. S., Howe, Wirt, Howe t, GeonrcE C., Howe tt, T. A., Howtanp, Henry E., How tanp, Mrs. Henry E., Hoy'r, CoLGate, Hoyt, Joun S., Hoyt, WALTER S., Hoy, Goorp, Hoyr, Mrs. Jesse, Hucues, Cuartes E., Humprnreys, Mrs. Kpwarpv Watsi!, Huntincron, Mrs. Arcuer M., *Huntincron, Rev. W. R., Huwntincron, Mrs. Roser P., Houpret, J. CurisropHer G., Hurvesort, Frank M., Hussey, Witiiam H., Husrep, Miss M. KatHarine, Husrep, Jr., Seymour L., Hurcuins, AuGustus SCHELL, Hurcuinson, Cary T., Hurrer, Kart, HvuytieEr, C. D., Huvyter, F. D., Hyope, Mrs. A. Firitmore, Hype, Avcustrus L., Hyone, B. T. Bassirt, Hyone, Mrs. CLrarENcE M., Hyoe, Dr. Freperick E., Hype, W. Trustow, Incues, GeorceE B., GANS isules Trons, Henry C., Irvin, Mrs. Ricrrarp, IsELIN, Jr., ADRIAN, Isevin, C. ODoNNEL1, IseLin, C. OLiver, IseLin, Miss GEorGINE, IseLIn, JOHN H., Isevin, Wittiam E., IseLIn, WittiAmM O’DonNELL, TsELIn, Mrs. Wittiam E., Isuam, SAMUEL, *Deceased. SIXTEENTH IsHam, Cuartes B., Jackson, Dr. Georce T1ioMas, ‘JACKSON, R.G., Jackson, R. Hatsey, JACKSON, SAMUEL MAcauLay, JACOB, LAWRENCE, J acost, Dr. A., J ACOBUS, JOHN S., J ACQUELIN, Heruerr T. B., James, AnrHur Curtiss, James, Dr. Roperr C., James, Mrs. Water B., *JANEWAY, Dr. Epwarp G., JENKINS, Mrs. HELEN H., JENKINS, WittiaM B., JENNINGS, FreEpDERIcK B., JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., JENNINGS, WALTER, Jesup, RrcHarp M., JouHNes, WittiaAm Fourke, JouHnson, F. Corr, JoHNSON, Guy B., JoHNstron, J. HERBERT, JOHNSTON, SAMUEL D., JouHNsStTON, WILLIAM J., JOLINE, ADRIAN HOFFMAN, Jones, Miss Beatrix, JONES, Mrs. CADWALLADER, Jones, H. Borton, Jones, Dwicur A., Jones, Lewts Q., JONES, TOWNSEND, Jupson, HH. 1., IK AEGEBEHN, ALFRED, KAEGEBEHN, Miss Berrua K., Kaun, Louis, Kaun, Orto H., Kaun, Dr. Rosert J., Kamena, WILLIAM L., Kane, Miss Louisa LANGpoN, Kast, Dr. Lupwice, Kautz-EuLenserG, Miss P. R., Kean, Mrs. Haminron Fisu, Keecu, Frank B., Keren, Franx H., KeErret, GUNTHER, Ketiy, AvsTIN P., Ketioae, Mrs. Cu ares, Kerry, EUGENE, Keriy, Horace R., Kemp, Arrucr T., KENNEDY, Evwarp G., KENNEDY, Mrs. Joun Stewart, Kent, EpWwIn C., Kepretr, Davin, Kerprer, FrepericK, KEUFFEL, W. G., ANNUAL REPORT Keyser, Mrs. SAMUEL, Kipper, James Hariuaway, Kimpaty, ALFRreD R., Kine, Avcustus F., Kine, Bevery S., Kine, Miss Ernet, Kine, JAMEs Gore, Kine, Mrs. J. Howarp, Kine, Mrs. Leroy, Kip, W. Rutorr, Kinney, Morris, KircHinec, Franx W., KirrrepGe, SamvEL Dana, Kirz, Josernu, Kiaw, Marc, Kier, BENJAMIN, Kwicut, Cuanrtes R., Kwoepter, Roranp F., KouHLMAN, CHARLES, Kontsaat, Miss Enrru M., Kors, Gustave F., Kors, Frepericx, Kors, Jr., Georce C., Kremer, Witiiam N., Kremer, Mrs. Wo. N., Krunscuem, C. D., KUEMPEL, Max, KuUGELMANN, Cuartes, Kunwarpt, Henry R., Kuserr, JoHN L., Kurrrorr, Avorr, Lacomse, Hon. E. Henry. LapENBuRG, Mrs. Apotr S., Lagat, Dr. Grorce, LAIMBEER, JR., JOUN, Laine, Enear H., Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lampert, Dr. A. V.S., Lampert, Dr. Samvuet W.. Lamont, Mrs. Tuomas Wo... Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., Lanpon, Francis G., Lane, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, LANGE, Miss Carmen, IUANGES J). DD), LANGELOTH, J., Lanepon, Jr., Woopnury G., LaNGMANN, Dr. Gustav, Lanier, Mrs. James F. D. Larrine, Cartes P., Laupauer, I. N., LAUTERBACH, Mrs., LawrENce, JoHN Burne, LAWRENCE, JOHN L., LAWRENCE, Newxo_p T., Lawrence, TOwNSEND, 3 *Deceased. [rd 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY LawnreNCE, WALTER BowEN, LAWRENCE, W. V., LearNep, WALTER, Lepr, GEORGE, Lepoux, Dr. ALBERT R., Lepyarp, Epyear M., Leer, Pror. Frepenric S., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Leer, J. Bowers, LrE, TENNANT, Ler, Witt1aMm H. L., Lerrerts, MarsHatt C., Lenmaier, J AMEs M., Lesuer, A. L., LETKEMANN, H. V., Levy, Ki MANUEL, Lewis, Mrs. Avucusr, Lewis, FrepERIC ELviorr, Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, WapswortH RUwSSELL, Lewis, Dr. WititaAM J., Lewisoun, ApoLPH, Lincoin, Lowe Lt, Lircurie.p, EK. Husert, Lircurietp, Epwarp H., Lirraver, WILLIAM, Livincston, WILLIAM S., LosrenstinE, WittiaM C., Locxwoop, Ernest M., Locxwoop, Dr. GeorceE R., Locan, Frank J., Loomas, Guy, Lorp, Mrs. Georce DeForest, Lowe tt, Miss Cartorra RusseELL, Lowe t1, JAmMEs B., Low, Eruesert Ibe, Lownpes, THE Rey. Arruour, D.D., LucHsINGER, J ACQUES, LupEkeE, A., Lupexe, Henry A., Luptow, Rear-ApmiIraAL NICOLL, Lueper, A., Lusk, Pror. GranHam, LuTrceEN, WALTHER, Lurye, Epwarp N., Lyman, FRANK, Lyon, Emory L., McArpin, Mrs. Cuartes W., McAtptin, Georce L., McBurney, Cuartes I., McCace, Louts B., McCutton, J.S., McCurcHen, J AMES, McGuire, Joseru H., McKeever, J. LAWRENCE, McKim, Joun A., McKim, Leroy, McKinney, GLeNn Forp, McLane, THomas L., McLean, JAMES, McLean, MarsHa.., McMurtry, G., MAcFrarRLANE, WALLACE, MacVEiIGH, CHARLES S., Macy, Georce H., McWutiams, Dante W., MaerLenbeER, Kpwarp H., MaGEE, JOHN, Macer, F. Rosert, *Manony, Miss Hexen F., Mairs, Grorce H., Matt, Prerre, Mati, Mrs. Pierre, Mann, WILLIAM D’ ALTON, MansFIeLp, Howanrp, Mapes, Jr., DANIEL, Mapes, Ernest S., Marbury, Miss EvizaBeTH, Marcus, Georce E., Marxkok, Dr. J. W., MaruinG, Aurrep E., MansuH, C. P., Marsuarr, Cartes H., Marston, Enwin S., Martin, Jr., BRADLEY, Martin, Howarp T., Martin, JOHN S., Martin, Wit1iaM R. H., Martinez, MicueEt R., Mason, Wi1riaM, Masren, Arruur H., Masters, Miss, Maruews, THomas, Maxwe tt, Rosert, Maywnarp, Mrs. WaArter, Mayer, JESSE, Mayer, JoINn, Meeker, Henry E., Ment, Henry, MELLEN, CuHar-eEs S., Merket, Aucust, Merritr, Henry C., Mercare, Caprain Henry, Meyer, CHartes, Meyer, Miss Hetoise, Meyrowirz, Emit B., Mippresrook, FREDERICK, pEMinHau, Louis JonNn, Mirsank, ALBERT J., Miceurn, JouN G., Micier, Mrs. Cuartes E., Micrer, Roswet1, MILKEN, S. M., Muiurts, ArraHam G., *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Minis, ANbREW, Mivron, Mrs. Wm. F., Mi_m Ing, C. E., Minturn, Mrs., Morrat, GeorGe Barciay, Monvrant, ALPHONSE, MonvrGomMery, CARLETON, Montoomery, Riciarp M., Moox, C. C., Moore, Casimir veR. Moore, Jr., CHARLES ARTHUR, Moore, Miss Farru, Moore, Miss Kk. T., Moorueap, Horace R., Morawerz, Vicror, Morean, Miss ANNE T., Morean, Miss C. L., Morcan, Epwin D., *MorGan, Grorce H., Morcan, Mrs. J. B., Morean, Mrs. J. Prerron's, MorGan, Junius S., Morean, Mrs. Junius S., Morean, Pror. THomas H., Morean, Won. FELLOWEs, Morris, Dave H., Mornis, JOHN J Aco, Morris, Dr. Lewis Ruruurrurp, Mortimrr, RicuHanrp, Morton, A. L., Moron, Mrs. Henry SAMve., Moste, A. Henny, Mosevey, WiiiiaAm H., Morr, Henry C., Mort, JoHN Bowne, Morr, Jr., Jorpan L., Morr, LAwreENCE, Mueter, Cuartes F., MUHLFELD, FRANK J., Muiter, WILLIAM, Munroe, Henry W., Mureatroyn, JoHN, Myers, Wiriiam S., NAEGELI, ROBERT, Nerison, Dr. Howann S., Nemson, WALLACE Piatt, Netson, JAMEs W., NeEsMITH, J AMES, NEUMER, FERDINAND, NEUMOEGEN, M. L.., NEuMOEGEN, Mrs. M.L., Newman, Huco, Nicuots, Acosta, Nicuotrs, JoHN W. T., Nites, Ropert L., Nose, ALFRrep. Norri, Greorce B., Norrurop, J. H., Norron, Georce F., Noyes, Mrs. Henry D., OBERMAYER, CHARLES J., OFFERMAN, JOHN, Ocpen, Cuaries W., OuME!s, JOHN, Oumets, P. M., O.cort, 2ND, DuDLEy, Our, Mrs. STEPHEN H., O1LyPHANT, Ropert M., OLYPHANT, ROBERT Onativia, JOHN VicTor, OppycxE, Lronanp E., Orpway, Samvuet H., O’ Rourke, Joun F., Ossorn, Mrs. Henry F airriexp, Ovrerson, Arruur L., OvuTERBRIDGE, Dr. PAu, Overton, Dr. FRANK, Owen, Henry E., Pacxanrp, Mrs. EK. Winstow, PAGANELLI, RAPHAEL, PaGANELLI, T. RicHarp, Parker, WINTHROP, Pace, Witiiam H., Painter, Dr. H. McM., PauMER, S.5S., PATER DRS nos. Parisu, WAINWRIGIi%, Parpart, Witiian E., Parizor, Cur. H., Parsons, Epwin, Parsons, Mrs. Kvwin, Parsons, Miss GERTRUDE, Parsons, H. DEB., Parsons, JOHN E., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, WittiaAm Bancray, Parsons, WiLtiAm H., PartrripvGe, Enywanrp L., Paterson, R. W., Pau, JOHN J., PEABODY, STEPHEN, Pearson, F.S., Peck, LEIcester O., PELL, STEPHEN H. P., PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, PENFOoLD, EDMUND, PEeNrFotp, WitttAm Hatt, PRErcivan, i. A. Ds; PERKINS, Robert P., Perry, WILLIAM A., Peter, Emit, PETERS, SAMUEL T., Peters, WirtiAmM RicHMoN», PFEIFFER, GEORGE, *Deceased. 27 28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY PFIZER, JR., CILARLES, Puituirs, WM. W., PIcKHARDT, CARL, Puetrs, Mrs. ANSEL, Pret, GOTTFRIED, Pret, MicHaEL, Pierce, Henry Cray, PrerrEPONT, Miss ANNA JAY, PrerRREPONT, R. STUYVESANT, Pierson, GEN. J. FRED., Pixs, R. W., Prncuor, GIrrorD, Prart, Cuartes H., Prarr, Franx H., Prarr, Miss Marton Erskine, PLATTEN, J. W., Pravt, ALBERT, PrymprTon, GILBert M., Port, Frank, Poix, WitiiamM M., Potiock, Georce E., Poor, Henry V., Porer, G. D., Porver, CLARENCE, Porter, Horace, Porter, WituiaAM L.., Post, Apram S., Posr, Mrs. Cartes ALrrebD, Posr, Epwarp C., Post, Jr., Georce B., Porter, Miss BLANCHE, Porrer, Epwarp CLarKson, Porter, FREDERICK, Ports, WitttAm Brevoort, Poucn, A. B., Pratt, Georce D., Pratt, JoHN T., Prentice, Joun Hit, Press, I. CHANNON, Preston, VERYL, Prime, Miss CornEr ta, Prince, Epwarp S., Prince, Pror. J. DYNELEY, Proctor, WiL11AM, Pryer, CHARLES, Punirzer, Mrs. Josepy, Purnam, J. BisHop, Purnam, Witi1AM A., Pye, James ToLmMan, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, Pyne, Percy R., 2np, QutnTaArD, Dr. Enwarp, Ravrorp, Harry V., Ranpbat., Frank E., Ranvboitreu, Eymunp D., RanvorpenH, WittiaAm W., Rant, RIcHARD, Ravpatro, Epwanrp S., Rascovar, J AMES, Rasmus, W. T., Rasmus, W., RATHBORNE, Ricuarp C., Ravucu, WiLiLiAM, Reap, Wit A., Repmonp, Miss E., Reep, CHARLES, Rew, Joun, Reimer, Orro KUGENE, REINCKE, E. A., REINHARDT, GeorGE N., RemMSEN, CHARLES, Reyno.ps, EK. B., ReEYNo ps, J AMES BRONSON, Ruerr, Miss FLorRENCE, RHINELANDER, CHartEs E., RHINELANDER, FREDERIC W., RHINELANDER, PHILIP, Rice, Mrs. Wiri1aM B., Ricuarp, Miss Ervine, RicwarpD, Epwin A., RicHarps, KBEN, Ricuarps, FE. C., Ricumonp, Watts L., Ripper, Herman, Riecs, Gro. C., Riker, SAMUEL, Rietey, H. Ditton, RIPLEY, JULIAN A., Ripiry, Louis A., Rives, Georce L., Rogprns, CHANDLER, Rossins, Mrs. Heten C., Roserts, G. THEODORE, Roserts, Miss M. M., Roszertson, Mrs. Fanny P., RoBertTson, ALBERT, Rosertson, R. H., Rosrnson, Hpwarp, Roxginson, Ext K., Rosinson, G. H., Rosrnson, Henry A., Rosison, WILLIAM, Rocxwoop, WitttaAm H., Roe, Cuartes F., Roe, Frank O., Rog, Irvine L., RoeELKeER, ALFRED, Rocers, EF. L., Rocers, Huser E., Rocers, James H., Rocers, Mrs. Witt1AmM BEVERLEY, RokENBAUGH, Henry S., Roosrvett, W. EMLEN, Root, Exruu, *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Rossiter, Arriuur, W., Roru, Frepverick G. R., RoTHwWELL, James E., Rowzanpb, THomaAs, Runyon, Carman R., Runyon, E. W., Ruppert, J acor, Ruppert, Mrs. J acon, Rupertt, Justus, Russett, ARCHIBALD D., RussEtx, Dr. JoHN F., RurHven, ALEXANDER G., RGA DES RYLeE, ARTHUR, Rye, GraHam, Sackett, Miss Gertrupe T., SacE, JoHN H., SaceE, Mrs. RussEt1, Sampson, Cuartes E., Sanps, Miss ANNE A., Sanpbs, BENJAMIN AYMAR, SaTrerteE, Mrs. H. L., SAUTER, FREDERICK, SAUTER, JR., FRED., ScuaaF, HERMANN, ScHAEFER, ANDREAS F., ScHAEFER, Epwanrp C., ScuHaeErer, Henry, ScHAaNnck, GeorcE E., ScHANG, FREDERICK, ScuaveE, C. F., ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F., ScHAUFFLER, Mrs. A. F., ScHEFER, Cart, ScHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM JAy, ScuirMeEr, Ruporpen E., Scumipt, AnotrH T., Scumipt, F. Leororp, Scumipt, Wit1iam H., ScHNABEL, R. A., SCHNIEWIND, F., Scuoite, A. H., Scurac, Cuartes A., ScHrETBER, Louis, SCHREYVOGEL, CHARLES, SCHULTZE, CHARLES, SCHULTZE, FRED., ScHuyter, Miss Louisa Ler, ScuHwarcz, Max M., Scuwarz, Henry F., Scorr, Donap, Scorr, Hon. Francis M., Scotr, Franx H., Scorr, WinL1AM, Scorr, Sruart, Scripner, Artuur H., ScoviLLe, Roser, ScryMseEr, JAMES A., Sepewick, Roser, DEE Des SELIGMAN, ALFRED L., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, Sener, Mrs. Cuartes H., SETON, ALFRED, Sexton, Lawrence E.., SEYBEL, Dante E., Suapiro, D., SuHarpiow, Mrs. JosEery, Suaw, CHarvies HERBERT, Sraw, James G., SHeets, Dr. K. A., SHEFFIELD, J AMEs R., SHEFFIELD, Mrs. JAmMEs R., SuHeELpon, Epwarp W., SuHeELpoN, Georce R., SHELDON, WILLIAM C., SHOEMAKER, HENRY W., Snore, JuLian B., SuurtLerr, Rosweiyt Morse, SrptEy, Mrs. H. W., Sickies, May.-Gren. Danie. K., SIEGEL, J ACOB, SILLECK, Jr., HENry G., SILteck, Jr., Mrs. Henry G., SILLiIman, Harper, Snmvrrson, JoHN W., Srncrair, Mrs. JoHN, Sincer, Artur J., SKEEL, Dr. Franx D., Sxipmore, WittiaAM L.., SiaveE, Francis Louis, SLAUGHTER, R. B., Srocum, Ji. J., Smirey, Danir£t, Sminiie, Cares F., SMILLIE, J AMES C., SmiILuie, RaLpH, SmitH, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, SmitH, AUGUSTINE J., SmirH, Erskine M., SmirH, Mrs. F.C. W., SmirH, F. M., SuirH, Mrs. F. Hopkinson, Smiru, H. Sanzorn, SmirH, NATHANIEL S., SmitH, Rotrann W., Smirn, Rosert K., Smiru, Dr. SAMUEL, *“Snmairn, WittiamM ALEXANDER, Smirners, CHARLES, SmitHers, F.S., Snow, E. G., SottTMANN, E. G., r ta *Deceased. 3 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Sorcuon, Mrs. Vicror, SpaLpING, KEITH, Sparrow, Enwarp W., Spear, JR., J AMES, SpeppDEN, Frepertc O., SPENCER, LORILLARD, SvreNcER. EDWARDS, Sreyer, Mrs. JAMEs, SvirzNer, GEorGE W., SrorrorD, Mrs. J. L., SpricG, J upGE CARROLL, Spracue, Mrs. Frank, Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, Spurr, E. W., Sauiss, Dr. KEnwarp H., Srarrorp, WILLIAM FREDERICK, Srarrorp, Mrs. WintiamM FREDERICK, SranpisH, Mytes, Sran ton, JoHN R., SrarkeE, Mrs. A. G., Srarr, Louris Morris, Srearns, Louis, STEBBINS, J AMEs H., Strecker, ADAM A., STreLe, Mrs. CHARLEs, Steers, Henry, STEINBECK, Epwarp, STEINMETZ, JOHN A., STEPHENS, OLIN J., Stetson, Rey. C. R., Stevens, ALEXANDER H., STEVENS, FreDErtIc W., STEVENS, RicHarD, Stevens, THeoposius F., STEWART, J AMES, Stewart, Mrs. Percy Hamirron, Srewart, WitiiaAM R., Srir~man, Mrs. C. C., STILLMAN, JAMEs A., Stimson, Dr. Danter M., STOECKEL, Cart, Stokes, H. B., STonE, Miss ANNIE, Srout, JosePH S., Stow, GrorGE G., StrancE, A. B., Srrauss, FREDERICK, STREAT, J AMES, STREETER, JR., D. D., SrronG, Jr., BENJAMIN, Srronec, THERON G., Srroock, Louis S., SrurGeEs, Miss, SrurceEs, Henry C., SuLuivan, Mrs. J AMEs, SUTPHEN, JOHN S., Swenson, S. A., Taper, Miss Mary, Tarr, Henry W., Tacort, JAMES, TatmacE, Mrs. E. T. H., Tams, Mrs. J. FreDERIC, TATHAM, CHARLES, Tatum, A. H., Tayzor, Dwicut W., Tayror, GEORGE, Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osporn, Taytor, Henry R., Taytor, Hersert C., Taytor, James B., Taytor, KNox, Taytor, Lioyn, Taytor, Moses, Tayior, STEVENSON, Tenney; C. H., Terry, JoHn T., TrHacuer, ARCHIBALD G., THacuer, Mrs. GeorcGe W., THacuer, 110M As, Tuaw, BENJAMIN, Tuayer, Mrs. Ezra RIvrey, Tuayer, Harry Bates, Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., Tuomas, Mrs. WASHINGTON, Tuorne, Mrs. Enwin, THORNE, JONATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. JoNATHAN, TuorneE, Newserry D., Tuorne, Mrs. SAMUEL, TxHorne, Mrs. W. V.S., Tuorne, W. V.S., Tuorp, W. Epwin, Tirrany, Louts C., Tirrorp, Henry M., Tintey, Georce D., Titt, BeNgAMIN B., TitTon, JoserH W., TIMKEN, J. HENRY, TimMermMan, Henry G., Top, J. KENNEDY, Toop, H. H., Toter, Mrs. VirGinta, Tomsy, BorGFEeLpT, Tousry, WILLIAM, TowNSEND, Miss Any C., TOWNSEND, Epwin S., TowNsEND, Howarp, TOWNSEND, Isaac, TowNseEenp, J. Henry, TOWNSHEND, JOUN, Tows, Cor Downine, Trostet, Jr., FERDINAND, TrowsrinGe, Frepveric K., Trowsniwce, Miss Louise A., *Deceased. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 31 TuCKERMAN, ALFRED, TUCKERMAN, PaAuvut, TurNBULL, ARTHUR, TurnbButt, Mrs. Ramsay, Turnure, Mrs. Arruur, Turnure, GeorceE E., Ture, Dr. G. M., TWeEbDDELL, WILLIAM H., Twinine, E. S., UnNpbeErwWoop, WintitiAmM Lyman, UPpMANN, ‘CARL, VALENTINE, Mrs. Patrick A., VALENTINE, Dr. WittiaM A., Van BeureEn, Jr., FREDERICK T., Van Bevnen, M. M., Van CortLannpt, AuGcustus, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A., VAN DER SMIsseN, Dr. G. J., Van Empourcu, D. B., Van Incen, Mrs. Enwanrp, VAN INGEN, Mrs. E. H., Van Nest, G. WILLETT, Van Nostranp, B. T., Van WINKLE, Encar B., Van SINDEREN, Howarp, Varcor, Harorp, Veccuio, Louis, Victor, A., Vietor, Tuomas F., VINCENT, FRANK, VoceEL, HERMAN, Von DreeEte, WitiiaM H., VoONDERMUHL, ALFRED, Von LENGERKE, J USTUS, W apDINGTON, GEORGE, Wacner, H. Wiriiam C., W acstarr, C. DuBois, Warinwaeicut, J. Howarp, Watcort, Freveric C., Watpon, S. D., Wates, Enwarp H., Wa tier, Jr., RoBert, W atsH, SAMUEL A., Watter, Encar, Wa ter, F. E., Water, MARTIN, WANNINGER, CHARLES, W argureG, Paut M., W arp, ArTEMAS, Warp, Mrs. Grorce Canor, Warp, Henry C., Warvner, Henry STEELE, W arpwe Lt, ALLEN, Warner, W. E., Warren, Mrs. J. Hopart, Warren, Lioyn, WATERBURY, JOHN I., Waterbury, Miss, Watson, CuHanrces F’., Watson, Rev. J. Henry, WEATHERBEE, EDWIN H., Weser, Dr. LEoNarD, Wess, F. Ecerton, Wess, Mrs. Wittt1am Sewarp, WEBER, CHARLES, WEEKS, J AMES, Wem, Mrs. C. GOUVERNEUR, WELIs, OLIVER J., WENDELL, EVERT JANSEN, WeENDELL, Mrs. J acon, WERNER, C. H., WenrrTHErM, H. P., Westover, M. F., Wermore, Epwun». WHEELER, Everett I., WHEELER, WALTER S., WHEELOCK, Mrs. G. G., Wuite, A. M., W urre, Haron T., W Hive, Horace, Wuite, Jr., JOHN Jay, W ute, Leonanrp D., Wuitrenouse, J. Henry, WHITEHOUSE, WILLIAM F., W uitine, Dr. CuHartes A., WHITING, Miss GERTRUDE, W HITMAN, CLARENCE, WHITMAN, JR., WILLIAM, W uirrince, F. W., WickEeRSHAM, GrorceE W.., Wirxins, F. H., Wittets, JoHN T., WitiiaMs, Mrs. G. G., WiriiaMs, Jr., Ricuarp H., Wirtiams, Mrs. Percy H., WiiiaMs, R. H., Wiuiams, THomas, Witiiams, W apron, Witiiams, WitLiAM, WitLtoucusy, Miss Mary Carew, Witts, Cuartes T., Wiutson, Pror. Eomunp B., Witson, Georce T., WINANT, FREDERICK, WINCKELBACH, L. O., Winturop, Ecerton L., Wintrurop, Jr., EGertron L., Wryturop, Jr., Mrs. EGerton L., Wrinrurop, Roserr Duptey, WiIsNER, CHARLES, WITHERBEE, Frank S., Wirrnaus, Dr. RupoieH A., W orertsHorrer, Mrs. ANNA, *Deceased. 32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Worr, Arruer D., Wricut, J. Dunbar, Wotrr, Emit, Wricut, Mrs. J. Hoop, Woop, ArNoLp, Wricut, Joun Howarp, Woop, Girpert Concpon, Wrieut, Mrs. Maser Oscoop, Woop, J. WaALrer, WUNDERIICH, H., Woop, Mrs. Joun D., Wycxorr, Dr. Perer Brown, Woop, Wirri1Am Conepon, Yorkwitz, ALBERT, W ooncock, Epwiy, Younc, A. Murray, WoonnHouseE, J.S., Youne, Mrs. A. Murray, Wooprurr, Avvert C., Youne, Greorcre W., Woopwarp, Rosert B., Youne, JOHN AtviIn, Woopwarp, Sr., Mrs. WinriaM, ZABRisk1E, ANDREW C., Worcester, WILFrep J., ZINSSER, AUGUST, Wornratt, P. B., ZINSSER, JR., AUGUST, Corresponding Members GILFEDDER, T. P., STURTEVANT, Lirvurt. C. G., Jouwnston, Sir Harry H., Summary of Membership IBENCEACLOLS ee. oe een ee a ee a ee See (f Kounders inePerpeiuity ttt ke ee oe ee 15) MOUNCETS 7. aor ecu Beare ee eae oie he cee 20 INSSOCIACEE MOUMGCUS a s.2 sec Bete es ai hee stot eee eda ee 9 IPRACRONS te fein eh tens 0 oi arcuate ett Otay wake ta nae ree 37 Rice CNC DELS spare Sie tae te Serko OE ae Oe 235 Anmnualviemberse’ <2. 9 Ae ee ee ee See ate 1,566 Honorary and Correspondine Members. <7. .... /..50o4- 13 1,902 Oualifications for Reguiar Membership Annual Members ..... $ 10 Associate Founders ...$ 2,500 Life Members ..:.... ZO0> “RouUnGeEs@ = c.f ee 5,000 IRAtCOnS* sat. uct See 1,000 Founders in Perpetuity. 10,000 BeneractOre esse $25,000 Horm of Bequest I do hereby give and bequeath to the “NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ZOye Ler Cul yaor INCLU EY O77 ie a eee ee ant REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS HE year of 1911 has been one of the most notable in the his- tory of the New York Zoological Society. During the spring the Board of Estimate and Apportionment gave their approval to the plan for the construction of a new Aquarium at Battery Park by granting the initial funds to begin work on the founda- tions. At the same time the City took action on another matter of almost equal importance to the Society, by inaugurating the Bronx River Parkway, which will assure the permanence of the river and lake system of the Zoological Park. Before discussing these matters in detail, however, your Committee desire to place on record their deep sense of loss by the death of one of their most prominent members, the late Cap- tain John Sanford Barnes, U.S. N., who passed away on Novem- ber 22, 19: ENDOW MENT. During the year 1911, the Endowment Fund was increased by the following subscriptions: SINC VERS feo 6 Gl Kee ne eee meer meen ae TUecoopier mney $ 10,000 Mispenards stewWartecc, oar os be =. ook See 10,000 Mortimercians Clilile.. song eae ee re Ore 5,009 MirsseMornis 1 Jesup. 0s «see eee 500 TY Estee ge od Bees (tb Oe Wao Peete ape cea estate Gere 500 Misssifelens Me Gould so. et ee ene 200 iMiscellancouS= oes See hin a ee. 100 Total endowment on December 31, 1911, was $283,062 The Executive Committee call the attention of the Board of Managers to the importance of increasing this fund to not less than one-half million dollars, so as to provide funds for the ex- tension of the work of the Society. The income of the Society YOUNG FEMALE GORILLA. Exhibited at the Zoological Park in September and October, 1911. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT oD from its membership, and from the present Endowment Fund has been sufficient, with rigid economy, to provide for the present general expenses, but before any scientific work, either in re- search or publication, can be undertaken, a far larger amount will have to be provided. With an annual income of less than $30,000 from funds which are available for the purposes of the Society, it is obvious that our work is greatly restricted. Of this fund a little over $3,000 comes from Sustaining Member- ships, which will not be available after 1913, so that we shall require about $75,000 of additional endowment to retain our present income. The American Museum of Natural History, founded in 1869, now has an annual income from its contributed funds of $108,- 770.52, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in this city enjoys an income much larger. It is therefore obvious that the Zoological Society must have a larger endowment before it is in the same sound financial position as these institutions. Increases to the Income Account will have to come primarily from endowment rather than from annual memberships, because none of these institutions have succeeded in maintaining an active membership, paying yearly dues, of a sufficient size to produce an adequate net income from this source. Our annual membership compares favorably in point of numbers with that of the older institutions when the date from organization, viz., 1895, is considered. MEMBERSHIP, JANUARY 1, 1912. Annual Total New York Zoological Society........ 1,566 1,902 American Museum of Natural History 1,945 2,656 Metropolitan Museum of Art........ 2,366 Soil The need for additional income is becoming annually more pressing, and has greatly crippled the Society in its work for game preservation, and with the opportunities for biological re- search in connection with the new Aquarium, will come an in- creasing demand on these funds. Your Committee, therefore, request the members of the Board of Managers to use their best endeavors to obtain either subscriptions to the Endowment Fund, or bequests, which at some future time will add to the funds of the Society. 36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The membership of the Society on January 1, 1912, shows an increase over that reported on January 1, 1911, and is as follows :— Benetactorsi sd mek etter een Pee ee ae ff Koundersein: Perpetuityoc ese «cee eles 15 MOUNnderSse 23. oe LES aon eC ee ae Le ae 20 IASSOCIALes OUNGECES 5 ken: cite el te eres ees 9 Batson toe tas toe re eee ea eae oi batkerMembeUs ss. Sse hi eee ee oe Zoe Annual Members: |o20cncesc ee ome ie eens 1,566 Honorary and Corresponding Members........ Ls Ob AO ikes, Ate areas ie tee oie eee eee 1,902 Oba eal Oil Ouray sce ceo cemine ie ae ee es 1,796 The net gain during the year is thus 106, which is satisfac- tory in view of the fact that the loss through death and resig- nation to the membership during the year amounted to sixty- eight. This increase in the membership of the Society is due chiefly to the efforts of the Ladies’ Auxiliary, and your Committee direct the attention of the Board of Managers to the debt which is due to the ladies of the Auxiliary for their helpful and energetic assistance throughout the year. It is a great pleasure to record the fact that the ladies have conducted the Auxiliary entirely by themselves, and have done much to promote interest in, and con- tributions to, the Society. The Administration Building, which is now serving virtually as the headquarters of the Society, and affords unique facilities and advantages to members, is beginning to show its effect. If these two forces continue to operate in the same manner during the coming year, it is hoped that the membership of the Society will pass the two thousand mark. In spite of the large popula- tion of the City of New York, there seems to be a practical limit to the type of people that is available for membership. The names of the new members as elected from time to time, appear in the Bulletin, and they will be found elsewhere in this Report. It is with regret that we have to announce the following deaths during the year, in addition to that of Captain Barnes :— FOUNDER. Samuel P. Avery. PATRONS. Cornelius N. Bliss, Charles H. Senff. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 3 4/ LIFE MEMBERS. Miss Cora F. Barnes, J. Hampden Robb, Col. James J. Higginson, Francis A. Watson, Richard P. Lounsbery. FINANCES. Income Account.—The balance to the credit of this fund on January 1, 1911, (less invested funds and advanced payments of Sustaining Membership foro and 41913) amounted: tox... 2..2 5. oe $5,498.40 Advance payments, Sustaining Membership 1911.. 520.00 The income received from Annual Members during CH EGVCe Tere OUTER CO. estrone aces tones Pellet belts 14,230.00 Mascellaneous: FECCIDUS:. = Sse: Si cede one eae Sea ees 86.06 Sustaining Members (not including advance pay- FRG N SOUS lk gem Setar os Mae oc et ea ree Phe vate eC 3,040.00 Sale of bond in accordance with provisions of Mr. Rocketellerisrodiit= 9... 9s ask = soe oes eee ore 990.00 Income from the Endowment Fund during the year (including balance from 1910), placed to the credit of the Endowment Fund Income Account, but available for transfer to this account..... 11,432.49 Not aie gee ee oe ees eee $35,796.95 The total amount expended against this fund durines! Old amounted tO... * ssa eae ie as es eee $26,163.91 Leaving a cash balance on hand December 31, 1911, of $9,633.04, to which should be added advance payments of Sus- taining Memberships for 1912, $600.00, making a total balance of $10,233.04, made up as follows: Income Account balance— TB aia ere whe ere ote: ee $3,529.83 less due:tosothertundss 2-5 2. 2: 1233 a BAUS) Endowment Fund Income Account balance, available for-transtertorthis; ACCOUNU: = sos. +c ss oe 6,826.94 $10,233.04 _ As stated heretofore the Sustaining Memberships have now only two more years to run, and before this period expires the Income Account must be increased sufficiently to provide an offset SERIES OF NEW BEAR DENS. Will be completed in 1912. HOUSE FOR WILD EQUINES. Will be completed in 1912 SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 39 to this loss. The Society in carrying out its policy of living strictly within its means, is greatly cramped in its work, and this fund more than any other, needs attention. Endowment Fund Income Account.—The Endowment Fund Income Account is a fund created by your Committee to receive the income from the Endowment Fund as distinguished from the income from dues and other sources. From time to time trans- fers are made to the Income Account, as funds are needed. Dur- ing the past year the only transfer necessary was $4,000. In the statement of the Income Account preceding this, the two funds are considered together. Endowment Fund.—During the year a total of $26,300 has been added to the Endowment Fund. In addition the Life Mem- bership fees, amounting to $1,800, have been placed in this fund. The policy of paying the Life Membership fees into this fund, adopted on January 1, 1911, will be continued. During the year $35,258.78 of the Endowment Fund were invested by the Treasurer in the following bonds :— $20,000 Vandalia R. R. 4% Series ““B”’ Bonds. 5,000 Missouri & Illinois Bridge & Belt R. R. Co., first mort- gage 4% Bonds. 10,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, first mortgage 4% Bonds. 1,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western 4% Terminal Impt. Bonds. The total investments of the Endowment Fund are all at about the net rate of four and one-half per cent. Stokes’ Bird Fund.—The Stokes’ Bird Fund on January 1, 1911, had a cash balance of $353.90, and during the year interest in the amount of $205.98 accumulated. Of this special fund, $350 were expended for the preservation of bird life, under the order of your Committee. On December 31, 1911, there re- mained a balance of $209.88 to the credit of this fund, all of which will be expended immediately for the protection of birds. The principle of this fund is invested in five Illinois Central Railway, 4% Gold Bonds. Library Fund.—The balance to the credit of the Library Fund on December 31, 1911, amounted to $1,081.61, which is all that remains of a gift received two years ago for the purpose of adding to the collection of books. This amount is so limited that it is only practical to buy very important books as they appear 40 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY from time to time, and is obviously insufficient to provide the Society with anything like the working library required. National Collection of Heads and Horns.—The National Collection of Heads and Horns is a fund which needs attention, as the only receipts during the year amounted to $413.53, which added to the balance on hand January 1, 1911, provided the sum of $1,594.97 for the extension of this collection. All of this was expended, leaving on hand only a nominal balance of $27.64 at the end of the year. During the ensuing year an effort will be made to increase the following small list of annual contributors to this fund :— Dr. Robert L. Loughran, Henry A. Caesar, Archibald Rog- ers, M. F. Westover, A. St. John Newberry, Bascom Little, Will- iam R. Coe, W. F. Gibson, Thomas Rowland, George Shiras, 3d, Townsend Lawrence, John J. Paul, W. H. Chase, G. M. Laughlin, Jr John a. Pirie. dr: Animal Fund.—The receipts for the Animal Fund have been as follows :— Received from Special Subscriptions..... 5. L0200 Received from Sales of Animals......... ZASOao Received from Park Privileges.......... 16,803.40 Balance January 1, 1911, (including cash in handssot.Chict Clerks) =s4> oem ee 32,226.23 OuAETECEIDUS ates eee tee cc hw eee $51,276.38 Expended for animals during 1911— Binds eres. Sekee. eek edote ese $7,039.95 Mima ss fe ney ease. 6,310.46 Rep tiless see erence 2,643.31 PTSCClSaoe ake ee ee 135.92 $16,129.64 Express and other charges 1,802.51 Travelling and other ex- DCNSESSee Fe erence 338.89 18,271.04 Balance, December si, 1910.22. 3... $33,005.34 Aquarium Privilege Account.—The balance to credit of this account on January 1, 1911, was $748.87. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Al During the year $657.81 were received from the sale of pub- lications, and $470 expended; leaving a net balance on hand of $936.68 on December 31, 1911. This fund, while small, has proved a very satisfactory one and has been of material assistance to the administration of the Aquarium, especially in the matter of publications. Maintenance of the Park.—For the year 1911 the City pro- vided the sum of $174,632 for the maintenance of the Park. With this amount and with very rigid supervision of all expendi- tures by the Park staff, the Society again succeeded in maintain- ing the Park throughout the year without a deficit. The satis- faction of the City authorities with the administration of the Park by the Society, is shown by the fact that for 1912 an in- crease of $7,733 has been granted, making a total of $182,365 for the Park during 1912. Maintenance of the Aquarium.—The maintenance provided for the Aquarium for the year 1911 was $48,000, and your Com- mittee is glad to be able to return to the City at the end of the term, an unexpended balance of $439.79. The maintenance appropriation for 1912 is to be $48,500. In the administration of the maintenance funds of the Park and Aquarium, much difficulty has been experienced during the year in complying with the new requirements of the City limit- ing the mode of the expenditure of these funds. The require- ments for the standardizing of salaries and the division of the total fund into a number of sub-divisions from which no trans- fers can be made, impose upon the Society a difficult task. Your Committee has protested against the application of these rules in the expenditures of the funds granted it by the City, although at all times expressing their willingness to co-operate with the City authorities in all reasonable requirements for the better ad- ministration of the City funds. Aquarium Improvement Fund.—On December 31, 1911, a balance of $344.50 remained to the credit of the Aquarium Im- provement Fund. A small balance which remained in the former Aquarium Improvement Fund reverted to the City. Ground Improvement Fund.—On January 1, 1911, there was a balance of $56,367.71 to the credit of the Ground Improvement Fund received during 1910. This fund was originally provided for the following purposes :— ‘ZI6] ul poldnoso pue pojojduioy “RUVIAV FANLINA GNV ATOVA MAN SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 43 Ca) Ze Dae lOUSE ess co teers Stat tee hbase ans aes 5,.0° aekotn le ones $36,000.00 (2) Erection of Bear Dens, Removal of Moose Houser y ake shelter ands Wards. .6 :0.c sci 11,000.00 (3) waclerand: Vulture AVviaty... 5. o%s ey etete iar 20,000.00 (4) Miscellaneous, New Walks, Fences, &c......... 17,500.00 Moelle epee wh tate Wenn eis Sava Ung Seer ene $84,500.00 all of which has been contracted for or expended, with the excep- tion of the following balances, which are unappropriated :— Gide Zenrastlouse-sc.n8 ooc-s ceo $8,250.60 (2) Erection of Bear Dens, Removal of Moose House, Yak Shelter and NSA, Seat ee echt aan See 2,030.00 ——_§— $10,583.60 In October, 1911, an additional fund of $155,000 was provid- ed by the City for the following purposes :— Clee elrac tel OUSEy Vand Si tan usmsectets ston locoeate ete aoetehs $15,000.00 (2p eublic Service, Buildings. ctecoak. ake tue eke sie 30,000.00 (Power Plant. Worle Shops CC sone. ac nese 35,000.00 (4) Winter Houses for Pelicans and other birds... 5,000.00 (5) Miscellaneous, including planting, fencing, yards, small installations, &c., &c., and other permanent improvements.......... 35,000.00 (6) Development of Park East of Bronx River, in- cluding one Public Service Pavilion, plant- ing, walks, fencing, paths, &c., &c., and other permanent improvements.......... 15,000.00 (7) New Walks and reconstruction of existing walks 15,000.00 (8) Rocking-Stone Restaurant Extension......... 5,000.00 all of which remained on the first of the year unexpended, with the exception that from these funds appropriations had been made as follows :— (5) Miscellaneous, including planting, fencing, yards, small installa- tions, &c., &c., and other perma- nent Improvements: jos... 7 $2,592.00 (7) New Walks and reconstruction of SXAIS DINO WiadllKGh ee ee on aaa 5,000.00 —_—_—_—_—.._ §._ 7,592.00 which leaves a total balance on December 31, 1911, to the credit of these two funds of $157,991.60. 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ACCOUNTS. The accounts for 1911 are being audited by Marwick, Mitchell, Peat and Company, whose printed report will be at- tached hereto. The Privilege Accounts have been thoroughly audited and found correct in every respect, as appears in a special statement appended hereto. CORPORATE STOCK. New application for funds. A request for funds from Corporate Stock has been made to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the year 1912, in the amount of $195,000, for the following :— (1) Construction of Buildings and Yards for Hospital and Quarantine. (2) Building and Heating Plant for Animal Service Buildings. (3) Construction of Ape House. (4) Improvement of Elephant and Lion House Roofs, and Cover of Flying Cage. (5) Construction of Boat House Dock and Improving Bronx Lake. (6) Construction of Fordham Entrance. (7) Development of Park East of Bronx River, plant- ing, walks, fencing, paths, &c. (8) Miscellaneous, including fencing, yards, small in- stallations, &c., and other permanent improve- ments. It is believed that at least a large portion of the above will be received during 1912. NEW AQUARIUM BUILDING. On July 17, 1911, the Board of Estimate and Apportionment passed the following resolution in regard to the new Aquarium Building to be erected at Battery Park on the site of the present Aquarium :— RESOLVED, that pursuant to the provisions of Section 47 of the Greater New York Charter, as amended, the Board of Estimate and Apportionment hereby approves of the issue of corporate stock of the City of New York to an amount not exceeding Two Hundred Thousand dollars ($200,000), to provide means for the construction of the foundation and SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT > 45 walls of the wings for the New Aquarium Building in Bat- tery Park, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks, Boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond, and that when authority therefor shall have been obtained from the Board of Aldermen, the Comptroller be, and is hereby au- thorized to issue said corporate stock of the City of New York in the manner provided by Section 169 of the Greater New York Charter, the proceeds thereof to the amount of the par value of the stock to be applied to the purposes aforesaid. The above resolution was adopted by the Board of Aldermen on July 31, 1911, and took effect September 19, 1911. No por- tion of this has, as yet, been expended. A request for $600,000 will be made during the coming spring to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, which can be added to the $200,000 already in hand, and used to build the foundations and a portion of the new building. The plans are being prepared by the architect, Mr. J. Stew- art Barney, and your Committee propose to associate with Mr. Barney as Engineer, Mr. William Barclay Parsons, who will have charge of the construction of the building. IMPORTANT GIFTS TO THE PARK. During the year several valuable gifts were received, in- cluding a Cape hunting dog, three leopards, spotted hyena, two lion cubs and several monkeys received from Mr. Paul J. Rainey. Mr. Emerson McMillin presented an oil painting entitled, An Old Prospector, and a copy of the original edition of Wilson’s Amer- ican Ornithology. A valuable collection of maps was received from Mr. C. William Beebe, and two mule deer were donated by Col. Anthony R. Kuser. ANIMAL COLLECTIONS. During the year the collection of mammals was strength- ened by the arrival of a number of particularly rare and inter- esting forms. The most notable were a gorilla, a spectacled bear from Ecuador, an Andean black bear, a Cape hunting dog, two wombats, two snow leopards, a spotted hyena and a blessbok. The collection of birds received a great number of species new to the Park, and our list of species on exhibition made a great advance. At this time it is probable that the total number of species on exhibition is equal to the greatest number exhibited AG NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY elsewhere. As usual, our total number of specimens is far in advance of all other collections of living wild animals. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken on January 1, 1912, shows the following figures, in the number of species and specimens :— Species Specimens Maman a Stet ocoted eesti ee es 234 710 Birds, 46: 3c o.9 jae ee eon 880 3,022 Reptiles oo sketeee pe 2 eee nea a 1,106 1,251 4,838 NEW BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS. Three animal installations of importance were begun dur- ing the year, two of which were practically completed. The Eagle and Vulture Aviary has been long awaited, and with the opening of spring it will be ready for occupation. The Society has already assembled a very fine collection of rare and interest- ing birds with which to fill the aviary the moment it comes into our possession. The Zebra House is now receiving its roof, and will be ready for occupancy in the early spring. This building, and its two adjacent houses for hardy wild horses, will leave little more to be desired for the accommodation and exhibition of wild equines. The ten new bear dens, chiefly for small species, were com- pleted in December and form a very necessary and valuable ex- tension to our bear installation. The addition gives us a total of twenty-one bear dens, and for the first time renders it possi- ble to bring all our bears into one group. The small tropical species will be specially cared for in winter, by housing in the fronts of their dens. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. A superb collection has been received from Mr. Clarence H. Mackay, for the National Collection of Heads and Horns, con- sisting of twelve giant Alaska moose heads, ten elk, and four bison heads. This collection is now exhibited in the Adminis- tration Building and forms one of the most notable gifts ever received by the Society. Mr. John C. Phillips presented a collection of thirty-six pairs of selected horns, which filled many existing gaps in the National SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT AZ Collection. A white rhinoceros head was received from Col. Theodore Roosevelt; a remarkable white-tail deer head from Maine and a record pair of walrus tusks from Mr. Henry A. Caesar, and a pair of Labrador caribou antlers from Mr. H. Hesketh Prichard. The need of spacious and additional galleries for the Heads and Horns Collection is beginning to be felt and can probably be best provided by extending the Administration Building toward the east. LIBRARY. The small fund available for the library has been carefully husbanded and the books that have been purchased during the year were of the most necessary character. Whenever more funds become available, the Committee will take up seriously the acquisition of more zoological works and books of travel con- taining observations on the wild life of the world. A librarian was engaged for a period of four months to arrange and cata- logue the contents of the library, so that the books are now avail- able for use. PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT. During 1911 the Annual Report, six numbers of the Bul- letin, Zoologica No. 7, and a revised edition of the Guide Book were printed. The demand for the Bulletin has increased until several numbers have become exhausted. The fact that num- bers one, six and thirty-five are out of print and several others nearly so, has made it necessary to increase the bi-monthly edi- tion five hundred copies. As a provision for the future, fifty copies from every issue will be stored in the Library at the Ad- ministration Building. The Guide Book was completely revised, reset and freshly illustrated. The abundance of illustrations has greatly increased the sales. FORESTRY DEPARTMENT. The work of this department during the year consisted, as in previous years, in keeping the grounds and buildings in order, supplying food, hauling refuse, policing the Park and regulating the crowds of visitors, and in the installation of a great number of small improvements; such as a bathing pool for the large polar bear Silver King; planting and fencing; grading ground south of the Crotona Entrance; erecting a musk-ox shelter; cleaning the Beaver Pond; enclosing two cages in the Ostrich 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY House with wood and glass; laying of concrete walks; installa- tion of private water pump for sprinkling purposes; substituting concrete and steel for wood in the Reptile House and Aquatic Bird House; overhauling the Primate House and Small Mammal House. The usual amount of live stock, vegetables and ornamental plants were produced by the nursery. The greenhouses are be- coming wholly inadequate to produce the supply of plants re- quired for indoor decoration and bedding. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The general health of the mammals during the year 19i1 has been excellent. There have been fewer cases of illness than in former years and the death-rate remains at the low mark of the past few years. There has been no epidemic of any kind during the past year, while gastro-enteritis among the hoofed animals, tuberculosis among the primates, and distemper and in- testinal parasites among the carnivores have been less trouble- some than formerly. The records of the medical department for the past ten years are being reviewed for the purpose of preparing a treatise on the diseases of wild animals in confinement, soon to be published by the Zoological Society. PHEASANT EXPEDITION. On May 26, 1911, C. William Beebe, the Curator of Birds of the Zoological Park, returned from his trip around the world, having completed a thorough survey of the known species of pheasants. He visited the Kensington Museum in London to inspect the material available there, then visited the southern slopes of the Himalayas and entered far into the mountains at several points. From there he went to Burma, Java, China and Japan. The entire expenses of the expedition and the preparation of the Monograph, which will cost in all between $50,000 and $75,000, have been met by one of the Managers of the Society, Colonel Anthony R. Kuser, of Bernardsville, New Jersey, whose action was dictated by a great love of birds and a desire to do something noteworthy for the New York Zoological Society and for science. Illustrations for this work are being prepared by Charles R. Knight and Louis Agassiz Fuertes in this country, and Major SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 49 Henry Jones, Archibald Thorburn and George E. Lodge in England. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. A most important step in the development of the Park, has been the grant by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of sufficient funds to begin the preliminary survey and work for the great Bronx River Parkway, which will extend from Bronx Park to the new Kensico Lake, a distance of thirteen miles, connecting there with the state roads northward. If the Commission is enabled to carry out its plans, the valley of the Bronx and its waters will be protected from pollution, and the permanence of the lake and river system of the Zoological Park will be secured. This will be of incalculable value to the Park and to the public at large. This initial appropriation amounted to $35,000. Three- fourths, viz., $26,250, has been appropriated by the City of New York, and one-fourth, viz., $8,750, by the County of Westchester. The Commission is at present engaged in the completion of the survey and the preparation of maps. EAST SIDE EXTENSION. After long and tedious negotiations and at the urgent in- sistence of the officers of the Society, the forest lands lying to the east of the Park, which were acquired by the City through con- demnation proceedings, have been transferred to the Park De- partment of the Borough of the Bronx, and the old village of Bronxdale with its disreputable shanties, has been at last elim- inated. A plan has been prepared showing a systematic development of roads and paths for the whole district lying east of the Bronx River and covering both the portions under the control of the Zoological Society and that remaining in the hands of the Park Department. It is believed that in the near future the City will prefer to turn this over to the management and control of the Zoological Society, so that it may be properly policed and its superb timber protected. BOARD OF MANAGERS. Acting under the authority conferred by the By-Laws, your Committee elected Mr. Watson B. Dickerman to the Board of Managers of the Class of 1913, to fill the vacancy caused by the 50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY resignation of Mr. Nelson Robinson; and Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff to the Class of 1913 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of his father, Mr. Jacob H. Schiff. At the Annual Meeting the members of the Society elected Mr. Lewis Rutherfurd Morris to the Class of 1915, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Captain John S. Barnes. The following is a calendar of events for the year 1912 :— Meetings, Board of Managers. Annual Meeting Annual Dinner January 16, 1912. February 22, 1912. Park Meeting May 20, 1912. Meetings, Executive Committee January 4, 1912, Mayo2 ea Sie: February 1, 1912, JumerGs 1912 March 7, 1912, October 3, 1912, April 4, 1912, November 7, 1912, December 5, 1912. Ladies Day May 6, 1912. Members Day May 20, 1912. Sportsmen’s Day June 6, 1912. NEW YORK AQUARIUM. In the year 1911 the collections of the Aquarium were some- what more varied in character than usual. It was found pos- sible to bring tropical fishes from Key West, Florida, which added a considerable number of species that had hitherto not been exhibited at the Aquarium. One of the shipments from Key West was a gift of Mr. Danforth Ferguson of New York. Tropical collections were obtained from Bermuda as _ vsual. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 51 There could, of course, be no general increase of exhibits with- out increasing the tank space in the building, but all exhibition space was fully occupied. The fish-hatchery was kept in opera- tion during the greater part of the year. The United States Bureau of Fisheries presented a pair of fur-seals from the Pribilof Islands, and in March the Aquarium received six yearling elephant seals from Guadalupe Island, off the west coast of Mexico, where they were taken by the United States Fisheries S. S. Albatross. Two of these animals were sent to the National Zoological Park in Washington. The Aquarium was opened to the public at night from May 30 to September 30, and the large crowds of visitors showed that the opportunity to see the collections by night was appreciated by the public. AQUARIUM. The leave of absence granted to Mr. Charles H. Townsend, to enable him to accept temporarily the position of Acting Di- rector of the American Museum of Natural History expired on February 15, 1911, and was extended to June 15, 1911, to enable him to conduct a scientific expedition on the United States S. S. Albatross. Towards this expedition the Society contributed $1,000, and received a large collection of lizards and six of the rare elephant seals, now almost extinct. The seals were placed on exhibition at the Aquarium and grew rapidly, consuming enormous quantities of food. Two specimens have been present- ed to the United States Fisheries Commission at Washington and are now on exhibition at the National Zoological Park. During Dr. Townsend’s absence, Mr. Raymond C. Osburn, the Assistant Director, conducted the administration of the Aquarium to the entire satisfaction of your Committee. Mr. Townsend resumed his duties as Director on June 15, 1911. PLANS FOR 1912. During the year 1912, the Society proposes to erect an Ape House on Baird Court, on the former site of the Rockefeller Fountain. This new structure is required for the reception of our spiendid collection of anthropoid apes, now numbering four chimpanzees and five orang-utans, some exceptionally intelligent. A special building is needed to secure the continued health and proper exhibition of these animals, which are too valuable to be exhibited in their present quarters, in which adequate quaran- tine, training and keepers’ rooms are lacking. 52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY A modern hospital and quarantine is being planned to oc- cupy a portion of the Service Yards to the north of the barns, and when completed will enable the Society to prevent. possible infection by quarantine, and to provide proper quarters for sick animals. Your Committee also proposes to construct an Atelier in which work in taxidermy and the mounting of animals can be conducted. It seems only just that in a Zoological Park con- taining such a vast number of live animals, that the same oppor- tunities should be furnished to the taxidermist which are now provided for sculptors and artists. Plans for a Pelican House, which will be used for the stor- age of large water birds during the cold weather, are in the hands of the Park Department. The money has been provided and this structure will be built during the coming year. A Shelter Pavilion must be constructed on the east side of Bronx River for the protection of the crowds in stormy weather ; and the yards for the Zebra House will be taken in hand as soon as the building itself has been completed. It is probable that in the immediate future your Committee will take up the question of providing permanent entrances at the corners of the Zoological Park, beginning with the Pelham Avenue Entrance. These entrances will ultimately form part of a stone and steel fence entirely surrounding the Park. Plans for the enlargement and extension of the Rocking Stone Restaurant are also under consideration, and it is only a question of time when the Administration Building will have to be enlarged to provide more commodious galleries for the exhi- bition of the increasing collection of heads and horns. GAME PROTECTION. During the year, the Society took an active part in the sup- port of the Bayne bill prohibiting the sale of game in New York state. Dr. Hornaday, the Director of the Zoological Park, was especially active, and the successful passage of the bill is largely due to his efforts. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The usual acknowledgments to the officers of the Society and the various departments, especially to the different members of the staff of the Park Department of the Borough of the Bronx, are due from your Committee. We cannot too strongly empha- SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 53 size the cordial relations which have been maintained between the Park and Aquarium and the City authorities. The devotion of the Directors of the Park and of the Aquar- ium and their respective staffs, has continued to be a source of strength to the Society, and of satisfaction to your Committee. We take pleasure in closing this report of progress by assuring’ the Board of Managers that the Society was never in a stronger position, either in its internal harmony or in its external rela- tions with the City of New York and the public at large. Respectfully submitted, MADISON GRANT, Chairman, PERCY R. PYNE, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, SAMUEL THORNE, FRANK K. STURGIS, LEVI P. MORTON, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, ex-officio. Resolution of the Executive Committers of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society passed Deeember 12, 1911 Capt. John Sanford Barnes mho Died at the Citu of Nem York, November 22, 1911, berame one of the Managers of the Nem York Zonlogi- ral Sorietu, and a member of the Executive Committee in Hanuary, 1897, and served actively until his death. Captain Barnes Deserves no small share of the credit of the successful organization of the Society, and in its rarlu struggles his cheerful enthusiasm and conft- Deuce were a constant source of inspiration and help to his assoriates, rsprrially in the negotiations with the miuniripal authorities Leading ta the foundation of the Zoological Park. Che Executive Committee experience in his death the loss of a friend, a counsellor and a great hearted gentleman, slom and cautious in criticism and rurr prompt and geurrous in approval and praise. fis loss to the Soriety, and to the City, is one that is deeply felt, and his colleagues Desire to record their profound sense of personal berravement and their appreriation of his tireless service in the rause of science, and in the work of the Zoological Sorirtu. Creagurer's Reports. For THE YEAR Enpinc Decemser 31, 1911. Sucome Account. Schedule 1. Unexpended Balance as at December 31, 1910, Cash in Bank: Available for expenditure during 1911_... Received from Sustaining Members in advance: Bor syears UOMO ee eat ee $520.00 DEMO NUT CS) ee eee eee ee 520.00 Investments: New York, Lackawanna & Western Termi- TN aA /S ea 1 GES esse es eee nee INCOME FOR YEAR. PASTUTANT call nO) UG Geese ee ks eee ee ee eee $14,230.00 Sustaining Membership, including advance pay- Paes) sxe IIOIbD eyovoll TIS) ee Ses ee $,200.00 Aquarium! Publications: (Sales) =... 222.4=-... 19.85 Interest received and accrued.............................--- 126.21 Transfer from Endowment Fund Income PANTO COTM tye eae sae a 2 ae re rence Oren ac 4,605.55 EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. Stationery,. printing and office: supplies: 2-2... AMIMTAVED Oe ANG UGC Pan ateSts cece renee nee Pee wo licakirons es foi me MM eT, s eee ne eeeee eee tae ce cee ene ee eee JB STU OSA CO Ye ee eo ee nee ee ee hotoomaphs candles i Gl CS ase eee eae ee ee AV Mea lain ores Cre Cal ets oe acca Se eee ee GeneralMo tice texp em SES sea ce cece cee eeatans recente eee Treasurer's office expenses SSG CEG UI ns Cll CUTS Vara ee SalaryeandvexpensSes or lilo raslaivee ase marae ere ees JANIWG be GE Oye C300 0) CON C1 XS eee Rae ee ec PAtUr Clipe (OTe CCOUINGS ese eee ec ee ee eee ESSE} LO EGS pe S ULTRA ee ere ee ac ees IBS nn Oito ETA ES) CNS CS eee eee ee ae eee ee Expenses, Annual Meeting JDRGOSMSOS OME TASS WO ONS ae eee see Re ce Services eA diam Strevtio m5 will ira ose eee AV EEE Oe A MEETS CCE See eee JNU ORE W eT ONSIS) = E59 OXEXO WONG) Mee Aa a era eee ene Games TOKE CHO Meese ee Models for Zebra House SSCP UATE AVA TNN BRS JO © CUNT TNS Seer oe ee rae ee ee JAN RUNES TN SSS) OLE US Se Se er oe HL UG Se eA Cl a EOIN G Sse oe cee cae tonne see tre ete Ses ebsites Cece eee Transfer to National Collection of Heads and Horns........ PR rAnAS fete LON. 10 CLO yoT emg an Clare weer eee eee IVINS CON AME OMS iOS PCTS CS ues eae ee eer eee Adjustment of Aquarium Fund, Bank Overdraft Carried forward $6,018.40 1,040.00 9,900.00 $1,277.97 1,658.41 444.70 1,756.24 818.79 1,560.96 ITM eA 45.50 5,000.00 509.67 379.00 2.86 4.08 355.00 1,081.25 535.80 163.96 162.45 1,000.00 308.00 800.00 1,191.80 210.50 48.05 100.00 100.00 1,780.34 RSS, $16,958.40 29,181.61 $39,140.01 $26,163.91 $26.163.91 & 56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BT ORG MUG OND OT Oa cee eee wept cree ee cee SSR nee ese a $26,163.91 Unexpended Balance as at December 31, 1911, Cash in Bank: Available for expenditure during 1912 == $3,529.83 Received from Sustaining Members in advance for Qe OS ee Pe ee a eee ee ee ets 600.00 4,129.83 Invesiments: New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds (One bond sold during year for $990)........ $8,910.00 NCCE Cell KE TEES ERO Tite kes 1 Cl Semen ete ee 60.00 8,970.00 $39,263.74 Less Amount due to City and Aquarium Funds.................. 123.73 $39,140.01 H. R. MircHe tz, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1912. Maintenance Hund. Schedule 2. RECEIPTS. Received from the City account Maintenance Appropria- tioneotepln4632-00) formbheinye aise eee eens $158,606.04 Due from the City on account of Maintenance............... 15,973.70 Unexpended balance to revert back to the City... 52.26 $174,632.00 EXPENDITURES Maintenance of buildings and care of collections.................. $48,476.55 Maintenance: and care:or sono dS meee 48,062.16 Generallata canis treet til One neeeee eee 17,425.39 TEVOYOXG Var Cones Cen OU a aET (Wk pe ie ie ee at So ee es eee eae 36,074.83 1 RR Ve) Opie estes ae SO Pin Sea a inte Foe meer eh aE eet eae ee 7,120.04 M Dayo tare hava Peal okzTp ey l\yielieh eee eRe eee ee an ee eee 2,588.26 Mesum hoe re ae 5 aa Sh dP wee oe 1,894.02 TBR Vau eeveaceh 0U6 hae 0) It kia See ee ee eee eee ee eel em ee 1,501.46 Tian ormats herr li eclipse eee ree eee 1,311.67 Bs Veehrsie) ion bara gy 2 es a ee ere eee eee 1,287.11 Jeo maay] oa ge oFS3 01 0 0) Sessa es ee Ree se ee er ae Office¥suppliestan ds prinitin cheeses oe 898.39 ASEEROWILECOY CASH SAY 0) 0) CES, ee ce Oe ene ae oer reer ee eae 779.11 SUNT eeu O eee fs Bee eo nag A eS es Mee Ee ee ee 682.61 Me ep OMe SEN: Val CO ae sree esate eae ec en ne 602.32 Gaara igs cr lea En enh eeea ee eee ee ee ee 600.34 JEN Cen 2g ORC O16 YC SD 5) 09 6 SC sa ee er re 449.67 IROstagep ance eae ln sereee eee eee eee eee eee 542.77 Purnace) repairs and) replacements! 2s ee 363.72 Plemieiraia earl Sm e GB yeaa os eas Sanaa eee ae eae eee 978.85 @ fice mtrunsran bine rena Tae see eee 252.90 D2) 021 aE a er eee eee ae Pee 294.14 rSvieaatsy bao UN oe MSS ee eta ecco rere ce cee Le 294.70 ) =e ee ene ree SS Sep See OPS ean eA ree 166.95 Medicalwattendance s(ennployees)) ese eee eee 165.00 OGEFTC AOR ONO sea ee Be ea I $173,020.17 SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 57 TS ORUG ID Gis J OU UD: ree ee ae ae so ae ee ad en ee Ree $173,020.17 EY Lee brs COME SUN MS apse ae wee eee Nc anes eee tea ete 162.63 ID RYE OG, RAE MCN, eee ene ee Seco cence ener Eee 162.07 Stablemsup plies main clare pain; secseees eee eee ee eee eee 135.04 1 ENG 6) OYE aed CGF cece 131.63 Glassman dey slaZiense aS ui) pe Sens eeeeesnes eee tees eee ee 120.70 TEU@ TASES) GMOS NOS a re es ee ne eae 90.25 gets kag AS Keb Gipeererterk. Secret. keen tated ee heer eer eee 82.20 INIIES ET yar SUP PINGS fea coo sss free ees cc stesso ace ce ses acct ee eee eevee eee 57.35 IVI CentsS pen Gl td OO TEC OEE UI O'S sae eseeesee ree ee eee eee ae 48.70 HESSTNOGITA GE TL IN OA S UTD JO LLC Gaps eee ere enn ees ee eee ees 30.84 INIDMPSEN GIRO GNA L SCS NS a eee ne ee 30.55 JNNWABWNAUERS BOAO | ASVNENG (SESE eae ence ese ce eee ee eee eee 11.05 NuUGpeicalanstrumeMbs) AMCs app liam Ces. acee- sees ese cee eee 7.56 AVES CO) Ara] OLS AS UI} PO eee wae eee ne 489.00 Unexpended balance to revert back to the City.................... 52.26 $174,632.00 H. R. MircHett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 15, 1912. Ground Improvement Fund. Schedule 3. SHOWING Stratus oF Appropriation No. 5. Unexpended balance of Appropriation No. 4 brought forward_........ $3,099.78 Reductions! on various) contracts, old’ account...) =... 1,416.96 RECEIPTS. Appropriated by Board of Estimate and Apportionment: JANN FEMI OLS ITU pr ed a eee ea $ 65,000.00 PAW aiillalio espe NCU O° US be lO (19 beets eae en eee nee 10,000.00 PXvalill allo les se Nc Us gael) () Sateen eee esses eee a eee Cees 84,500.00 AMV EME Hy MOCO) ore, MIO) ee ee Oe eae 155,000.00 314,500.00 Bremiumnons bondss tom) ecemberco len iG iuleuse see see eee ens 1,260.02 EXPENDITURES. By the Zoological Society: Bear, Den walk, steps; and trailing eee ee oe $ 198.50 Baird Court Boundary and Concourse..........)..-..-....-- 48.52 Cierny einvell oe) ee eee eee ee 489.76 PASSAIC ee Si Kelas 1D) @ elas ICT CES seme eaten ee 1,337.63 Grulaiel brea) See este ee eee Seer cee ee ne See es pee 1,789.79 Boundary fences 3,303.58 iBlephant Houses walksmands yard Sass ee 1,797.94 TES CONG Stats ger lly) aint eee a es ee EO 11,450.08 Mis Cela CO US aires aoe a ae Ra eas ae cece Peete 5,450.58 Wes takarmicully lOc kta ee oe a eee a erent 1,066.56 INGE Wis Wie ls ig eer OY em Bice eT ee ee Pa 1,020.08 Tose PAYS ye Sa ees Ste here, Bee ee Se 377.48 HEME GOS tots VUE OM Ose vireo en 2,637.45 TEND GM) DD eg ASOT en ee See CR Ra 572.10 Boston Road Public Comfort Station... 20... 10.00 North menraeostests ainecg © orig tees eee eee eee 947.61 Public Comfort Station, Elephant House... 1,978.20 . ef $320,276.76 58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY TES Tig OCU GIA Ges gU OCT CL err ese ra ee $34,475.56 Zebra and Wild Horse installation. ....................222...2--.-- 2,638.28 Small Deer House walks and yards............................----- 324.25 Polar OB ears) eine eee ee 975.19 Neve Be ars) ern Soo aa a cee eee 390.13 PN Crm Ta ys brett omy Sa hn eee eee 140.38 Ser alee enn AV eater ASYM Ve eee 935.53 DB Y=Yz ey wall C0) 010 Res eer ee A sO ree 1,465.99 T BSUB aya ate) ONO) ear Se re eee ee a ec 130.00 Eagle and Vulture Aviary and Zebra House walk...... 502.75 $41,978.36 By the Zoological Society through Park Department: [RYeVeOVMETA RUC OIE Vy Soe a et $ 2,925.97 Horestry, and. plamtimp) esses eee 9,400.63 Elephant House: walks ands yards eee cee 1,809.58 Bowmndary.-femces; esses acre cee see ween ce eee 323.58 CGH Ud 2 Ue ee 580.57 ING ee a WWedl oss ae ee answers eee ee 290.74 IW IiiS @ Ell et © OSS eae ee as a ences eee Peeves 1,693.48 Wiest: Sevres ho 0 Coes sare een 35.00 VEIT ye G Se ee ee rene Se eee 122.52 Small Deer House vards 191.00 IASAS ea lig SMa IC OT ks) CIN COS bes eae eee 362.37 Cremvatorye auiclesture ays lye cl eee ene eee meee 110.24 IN or bhipe md eo fens enn, CS © 0 airy ee eee ree 577.49 DB) Eres by UCR TCeC0) ONG NUT se ee een eee eee 760.95 PAV Taam S fers abo 1ST hn eee eee 1,944.92 Public Comfort Station, Elephant House.................. 164.80 Zebra and Wild Horse installation... 879.44 Furnishings and fittings for Administration Building. 1,572.29 oa 1 Cait eID Cae eee nee ae ee nes ae 366.20 IN(GW 9 CID CMS es ae aa oe neces ea ence 2 a eens eee 27.49 Administration Brualdime (vault) sce 87.48 | BERETA Sy ede ext OY lO aan et Bed) aR eR le ee ee 25.10 Bear= Den walk, ‘steps: and! nailing ee ee 15.90 TBS uate ps 10. @ iNew te 366.70 24,634.44 Through Park Department: Gontract, Jos Balaban: Zebnatielouse = $25,181.00 Contract, George Hildebrand, Eagle and Vulture VACV AT Vin eceteoe ree Soe es seen Sperone Nene Se 18,867.00 Contract, H. F. English, Public Comfort Station, Ee ev ge LOUIS Crete ee ee ee Ee en 10,357.00 Contract, Abraham & Straus, Furnishing Administra- TCO pone a BUI CON wees eset ee ee be cre eee meee eee 7,544.26 Contract, Repairing Bronx River Dame... 6,514.00 Contract. Constructionvot Bears Dens= 7,777.00 Contract; Granite Coping, Baird Count. =. 772.00 Miscellaneous expenditures through Park Department 2,615.57 Claim of J. V. Schaefer, Jr., Co., allowed by Finance Department for extra on Administration Building 1,409.86 81,037.69 Balanee available for expenditure, December 31, 1911..........2.......... = 172562627 $320,276.76 H. R. MrrcuHet, Percy R. PYNE, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1912. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Animal #und. Schedule 4. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1910: Cash in Bank (Farmers Loan & Trust Co.) $32,166.23 Less overdraft with Bronx Borough Bank 40.00 Cash on hand z Income from December 1, 1910 to December 31, 1911: Special Subscriptions: inanicoele SttelO hia ee eee $100.00 PACT CHT Wael rts cL dim WV CG esac ates cee eee 10.00 ANC DOT TESS GS IU Nae al Pee a eee eee ine ci ra oye ee wae rane Pecan eae oe eee, Jeet eas Salemo toy Amminaalls = eee 5 eee eee eee eee ee INTIS Cel Raine OU Sistecar cee me ec creeee BN are eeee NER TG ees sense nen So nee See orn, eee nats Oe ees ens Bere Transfer from) Privilege’ Department22—--. EXPENDITURES Micra ran'alll Sipe ste. te ones erent ss ee tee Uae cae ec Ds eee ree ee SS UBT Sp ae ne yee ete vee ire os ce RUG till (Sy seer rae, ee So ow soos ene see Saco ca ee ea oes ee NMS CES Collec brome eet: ees a ee) ok ee ee ee EXPLESS MAIC OL MER CHAT GES eects cee set ee arene ee eee Rravellingxand: Other exPemSeSecc.cve.p ete eee Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: Cash in Bank (Farmers Loan & Trust Co.) 0... Cashin Bank (Bronx Borough! Bank)232 2. Waslnon: Ghia clits si seston os ee H. R. MircHeEtr, $32,126.23 100.00 $ 110.00 11,611.15 39.70 2,136.75 107.55 45.00 5,000.00 6,310.46 7,039.95 2,643.31 135.92 ~ $ 1,802.51 338.89 $32,424.79 480.55 100.00 59 $32,226.23 $19.050.15 $51,276.38 16,129.64 2,141.40 33,005.34 $51,276.38 Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1912. Stokes’ Bird Fund. Schedule 5. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1910: (ais Thana FS ality es ee a ee meee = $ 353.90 Investment: Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold Bondas.. 5,056.46 $5,410.36 INCOME FOR YEAR. : . IMbenes ta rec ele Cima Cll 121C CTU Claes teen eee ee eee 239.31 $5,649.67 EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. Donations: towards seca sak caters: Ne 46 Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and CockatoosSh4 tase ts. 69 174 Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills, 5) 6 Oem eae ee ag 4 8 Trogoniformes, LET.O PONS eS re ose eee i il Cuculiformes, Touracos and Cuckoos.. 5 15 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans... il ef Piciformes, Woodpeckers 445046557 9 28 Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and all Perching Birds...409 1,386 880 3,022 Summary: Orders, 27; Species, 880; Specimens, 3,022. Gain over 1910: Orders, 1; Species, 108, Specimens, 11. CAGE ARRANGED FOR EXHIBITING RATTLESNAKES. Natural Rock-Work with Painted Background shows a Typical Rattlesnake Den in the Reptile House. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 79 DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Charles E. Snyder, Head Keeper. Although the Reptile House has been taxed to its capacity for some years, and the collection of reptiles has always been kept at a high standard, a number of features were added during ihe past year, which were of a nature to make the building more attractive and draw the attention of the visitor to important specimens either of economic value or danger to man. The series of economic reptiles has been changed from time to time so as to represent in turn the reptilian fauna of the United States, that of continental Europe, of the West Indies and other parts of the world. In order to attract visitors’ attention to the poisonous snakes ef the United States and of other countries, and to convey an idea of the character of country they inhabit, we have made a successful trial of the modelling and painting of panoramic back- erounds with accessories in the large snake cages. The effect of perspective thus attained adds so materially to the already pleasing interior of the Reptile House that we are rapidly push- ine this work, and by the end of the summer will have the entire series of large cages on the north side of the main hall of the Reptile House treated in this way. The panoramic paintings are the work of Mr. Ernest A. Costain. The first scene attempted represents a ledge in the mountains of Sullivan County, N. Y., containing a typical rattlesnake den. Another shows a rocky shelf on the Palisades of the Hudson River, inhabited by a colony of copperhead snakes. One of the most attractive of these cages represents a glade in a bamboo jungle. The ground is occupied by Indian cobras, while the leafy bower overhead is inhabited by several brilliantly-colored tree snakes. Our visitors are thus enabled to examine the dangerous reptiles in surroundings comparatively natural, note the simi- larity of their colors to the tone of the vegetation, and the conse- quent difficulty of immediately discovering the reptile close at hand. The snakes appear to enjoy their new surroundings, par- ticularly because they are given opportunities to hide when they choose, although this latter habit makes it necessary to place a considerable number in a cage, in order that there always may be a certain number of specimens in view. Among the important accessions during the year, the fol- lowing are worthy of mention: &0 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Crocodilians.—An Indian gavial, a Nile crocodile, a Congo crocodile, a broad-nosed crocodile, three South American croco- diles, and one nine-foot American alligator. Chelonians.—Ten snake-necked turtles, five Central Ameri- can turtles, eight giant musk turtles from Yucatan, two leopard tortoises, six radiated tortoises, and two star tortoises. Lizards.—A series of the representative lizards of the Agamine group from India, a series of lizards collected by Dr. Charles H. Townsend, in Lower California; two stump-tailed lizards (Australia), six Cunningham skinks, one exanthematic monitor, two Egyptian monitors, one Gould’s monitor and twelve large South American iguanas. Serpents.—Four boa constrictors, three anacondas, two Madagascar tree boas, one bushmaster, one fer-de-lance, two jararacas, gift of New York Tanning Extract Company; one green rattlesnake (C. lepidus), and a series of rattlesnakes col- lected in southern California by Dr. C. H. Townsend, among these being C. mitchelli. Amphibians.—Two Indian bull-frogs, two white axolotls and a series of newts, toads and frogs from continental Europe. The most important arrivals at the Reptile House, during the past year were two anacondas, collected by Mr. R. R. Mole, of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. One of these was the heaviest snake ever received in the Park, although she was several feet shorter than our record Malayan python. This anaconda arrived on the 20th of May. She was then nineteen feet long, thirty-six inches in circumference at the thickest part of the body, and weighed 232 pounds. The male specimen was about seventeen and one- half feet long. The collection of local reptiles was greatly strengthened by the annual collecting trip made by the Curator during the past summer. Over 200 specimens were captured, representing four- teen species. By this expedition the rattlesnake series was increased by the addition of seven adult examples and over forty young. Births.—The large female anaconda that arrived from Trinidad, gave birth on the 20th of July to forty-eight young. These young snakes measured thirty-eight inches long, and soon commenced feeding. We are successfully rearing the entire litter. A considerable number of these snakes will be offered in exchange for other reptiles during the spring of 1912. Another 1 o8) SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT interesting addition to the reptile collection was the birth of twenty-eight specimens of the Fer-de-Lance. The East Indian Russell’s viper gave birth to fifteen young, and a number of litters of copperhead snakes and rattlesnakes were born. Several batches of serpents’ eggs were successfully incubated. The following is a census of the Reptile Department, as compiled on December 31, 1911: REPTILES OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK Species. Specimens. Chel nite sos ees ote ee 36 276 (Crocodiles. wo cee ee 6 orl Ware emia ses nats. has ireles eee 28 235 Oona Peer a seats Meee ae 49 348 BALE ACMIAIIS < arene aeostetaneltede eee 18 210 137 1,106 THE INSECT COLLECTION Raymond L, Ditmars, Curator. During the summer of 1911 the Insect Collection increased to a total of forty cages. This collection is very popular. Several thousand cocoons of various species of silk-spinning moths, both of the old and the new world, were on exhibition. Visitors had daily opportunities to watch the perfect insects emerge from their cocoons and spread their wings. The more important cocoons came from Japan, eastern China, India, Mexico, Central America and the United States. Some of the moths were bred, and the broods of feeding caterpillars were exhibited as special features. In a series of three cages was an exhibit showing the dif- ferent stages of the commercial silk worm—the feeding larvae, a bank of cocoons of different grades and colors, and mounted specimens of the moths. The finest moths emerging from the various cocoons were mounted, dried and placed on tablets of cotton, over which was fitted glass covers. On the back of each mount was placed a descriptive label, giving the name and habitat of the specimen. These mounts have proven popular as souvenirs, and seem to serve a double purpose. They are of value from an educational point of view, because they may be handled by children without injuring the specimens. Through the sale of these mounts (at very reasonable prices), visitors 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY become more interested in the various species. The exhibit at the bureau of information at the Lion House is so successful that the sale of specimens covers the cost of our collecting ex- peditions for insects, and the purchase of all foreign specimens, thus making the Insect Collection quite self-sustaining. Among the large and beautiful moths exhibited during the past year were the Indian atlas moths (Attacus edwardsi and A. atlas) ; the Indian and African luna moths (Actias selene and A. mimosae); the Japanese silk moths (Antheria yama-maia and A. mylitta) ; the Mexican silk moth (Attacus orizaba) ; and the North American silk-spinning moths such as the Cecropia, Polyphemus, Cynthia, Promethea and Luna. Owing to the continued success of the series of singing in- sects, this feature will be made a permanent one; and it suggests a new source of interest for the school children. It is among the Orthoptera—the order of insects embracing the cricket and the locusts—that we find the predominating species of singing insects. Over a dozen species of these were displayed during the summer. The life history of the mosquito, and of its numerous ene- mies, stands as a permanent and very instructive exhibit during the summer months. It is our intention to exhibit in full detail and with descriptive labels, any type of insect exciting local interest through unusual abundance, or a tendency to harm tree foliage or farm products. Following this plan, the appearance of the seventeen-year locust, in the late spring and early summer of 1911, received special attention, and a number of expeditions were made to districts where the swarms were of the greatest magnitude. During the latter part of May, countless thousands of the Cicada septendecim, which requires a period of seventeen years to pass through the larval form, appeared over a great portion of the eastern United States. The woods resounded with a continuous hum made by the males, while the ground, whence immature forms had emerged to immediately cast their skin, was honey-combed with burrows. Considerable damage followed the appearance of this swarm, caused by the ovipositor of the female “locust” in inserting her eggs under the bark of the terminal portion of the limbs of trees. In a number of areas, the fruit trees were quite seriously affected, the apple trees suffering most. A detailed description of the return of the seventeen-year locust in 1911, appears in the Zoological Society Bulletin of July, 1911, (No. 46). A complete life history of this Cicada was placed on exhibition, together with a number of SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 83 photographs showing different phases of the metamorphosis of this insect. While the spiders, centipedes and scorpions cannot be rated under the head of true insects, they are near allies of this class of invertebrates, and so closely associated with them in popular literature that we place them in our insect collection. Thus the poisonous “insects,” such as the big tropical spiders of northern South America, the African scorpions and the like, were much in evidence. Our big spiders are alert, but not particularly vicious, and in the series of cages enclosing them, there are several interesting studies of the tube-building skill of the South American specimens. Nearly every one of the cages contains a strong silk tunnel in one corner, from the top to the bottom, the walls of which are extremely white and strong, and difficult to tear with one’s fingers. During the winter the census of the Insect Collection is much reduced, and all the cages, with the exception of those contain- ing cocoons, are removed to the Reptile House. As the collection now stands, there are several thousand cocoons on hand, a fine display of the poisonous species and a number of aquatic insects. With the arrival of the spring, a few collecting trips will place this collection on the same basis as last summer. HEADS AND HORNS COLLECTION In its present quarters the National Collection of Heads and Horns is so densely crowded together upon the walls, and, therefore, so badly arranged, that constant apologies for its appearance have become necessary. Interest in the collection continues unabated, but the necessity for more adequate accom- modations is constantly remarked. It is no longer possible to hang anything more in the two picture galleries of the Adminis- tration Building, and already the walls of the smoking-room and the main stairway have been completely filled by the additions of the past year. There is good reason for the belief that in order to make this collection available to the millions of visitors who come to the Park, the City of New York will grant an appropriation of $75,000 for the erection of a heads and horns building. In view of the length of time that necessarily must elapse between the granting of the appropriation and the occupancy of the building, it is desirable that the fund should be secured at the earliest possible moment. The lapse of time, and the rapid disappearance of the most important wild-animal species of the world, only 84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY serve to emphasize the timeliness and wisdom of the Zoological Society in promoting the display of the National Collection. The particularly fine white rhinoceros head presented by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt early in 1911, may fairly be regarded as the most rare and valuable single specimen that thus far has come into the collection. It is the second finest specimen ob- tained by the Roosevelt expedition—the best one being in the National Museum at Washington. Inasmuch as heads of the white rhinoceros are not purchasable with money, the zoological value of our fine and beautiful mounted specimen is easily understood. A very notable addition to the Heads and Horns Collection came in the form of a gift from Mr. Clarence H. Mackay, con- sisting of an unrivaled collection of mounted heads of the giant moose of Alaska, Wyoming elk and American bison. This collec- tion has been described and figured in the Zoological Society Bulletin for September, 1911. Until a building for the Heads and Horns Collection has been provided, the Mackay Collection, or at least the greater portion of it, will hang in the smoking- room of the Administration Building, adjoining the halls occu- pied by the main collection. Dr. John C. Phillips, of Boston, presented to the collection a series of thirty-six specially selected pairs of horns that were chosen with particular reference to filling gaps existing in our series of African horns. From Mr. Henry A. Caesar came, as a gift, a white-tailed deer head from Maine, which may fairly be regarded as the world’s record for that species. Mr. W. Hesketh Prichard presented to the Collection a pair of caribou antlers from Labrador—the first specimen from that locality that we have received. GROUND IMPROVEMENTS AND MAINTENANCE WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND FORESTRY. Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. Costain, Assistant Forester. The Ground Improvement Work for the year 1911 consisted almost entirely of a great number of small improvements. The first work undertaken was the building of an incline approach to the feed barn. This work was found necessary on account of the difficulty of getting very heavy loads into the barn. We were fortunate in being able to obtain all of the fill, consisting of 405 yards of soil, delivered and placed free of charge, so that the entire cost of this improvement, including SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 85 the 2,500 square feet of telford and tar-macadam road, amounted only to $342.05. This amount has already been saved by the avoidance of the extra handling of hay, oats, corn and other supplies that heretofore has been necessary. A sixteen-foot extension was built upon the ice cream plant in order to make possible the increased amount of work neces- sary in that place. The cost was $230. At the expense of $150, a two-inch water-main was laid to the new Bear Dens. The water area of the Duck Aviary, which was greatly reduced by filling last year, was concreted, and a new sewer connection was made. This enables the Duck Aviary to be flushed frequently and kept clean. The expense of this work was $266. Karly in the season it became apparent that Silver King, the Rainey polar bear, was in need of a bathing pool. Accordingly a pool ten feet by twenty feet in size, surmounted by cage work of great strength, was built and connected with the water and sewer lines, for the sum of $1,000. The building of the Eagle Aviary and Zebra House necessi- tated the laying of new water pipes, at a cost of $175. The strip of ground adjacent to the Crotona Entrance, which had been in unsatisfactory condition ever since the establishment of the Park, was graded, planted and fenced in, and about 310 yards of good soil were hauled here at no cost to the city. The fence is of a type new to the Park, and has proven very satis- factory. The cost of this work was $650. In order to provide additional shelter for the herd of musk- oxen a log shelter was built on the east side of the Rocky Moun- tain Goat House, at an expense of $200. Near the end of the working season of 1911, the Beaver Pond was taken in hand. About 500 yards of sticky, black mud were removed from the bottom and sides, laying bare the hard clay sub-soil; and about sixty feet of the upper end of the pond. and the entire bottom, were filled in with 1,100 yards of good solid earth. The entire bottom of the pond was then paved with stone, upon which was deposited a layer of crushed stone, necessitating the use of 520 yards of material. Very little remains to be done with the Beaver Pond to place this installation in an entirely satisfactory condition. The entire cost of this work will probably not exceed $2,500. In the Ostrich House two more cages were enclosed in wood and glass, costing $100, for the purpose of placing two more African ostriches on a fresh-air basis throughout the year. £6 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY A new concrete loading platform was built in the rear of the Service Building, at an expense of $200. The walks to the new Bear Dens, which are to be finished with concrete, were graded, and the foundations were put in place. This work will be finished early in the spring. Several new corrals were built in the lower Buffalo Range, costing about $900. The Zebra yards and walks, and the walk in front of the Eagle Aviary were graded, necessitating the hauling of about 3,500 yards of soil. Although no telford has yet been laid, a large quantity of stone is on hand, and everything is in readiness for the completion of these yards and walks in the spring. A small shelter shed was built in one of the goat corrals, ten by twenty feet, at a cost of $100. An eight-inch partition wall was built in one of the large rooms in the basement of the Administration Building, and a fire-proof vault was erected in the basement hallway of the same building. On account of the order issued last year by the Water De- partment, prohibiting the use of city water for sprinkling pur- poses during the water famine, a small gasoline pump was installed on the shore of Lake Agassiz. This enabled us not only to keep the vegetation of the concourse and the Italian garden in a flourishing condition, but also permitted the use of the Italian fountain on the concourse, and for a time this was the only public fountain playing in Manhattan or the Bronx. MAINTENANCE WORK As in previous years, the maintenance work consisted chiefly in keeping the grounds and buildings in order, supplying food, hauling refuse, policing the Park, and regulating the crowds of visitors. The work of substituting concrete and steel for wood was continued in the Reptile House and the Aquatic Bird House. In the Aquatic Bird House the entire central and east side cages were supplied with concrete floors and foundations, completing this work as far as this building is concerned. The roof of this building also received extensive repairs. In the Reptile House the series of large serpent cages were supplied with concrete floors and supports. In one large cage in the Lion House, wherein the floor had entirely decayed, a cork and asphalt brick floor was substituted for the wooden floor. If this proves entirely satisfactory, other cages will be so equipped. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 87 The entire Primate House was given a thorough and much needed overhauling. Four cages were supplied with floors of cork tiling, which thus far seems to be very satisfactory. At the Small Deer House several of the stall partitions and fronts were found to be entirely too weak for the strong, horned animals within. These were replaced, or else greatly strength- ened. All of the cages in the Small Mammal House were over- hauled, painted and repaired, and the sewer of this building, which had become clogged up with poplar roots ten feet below the surface of the ground, was dug up, cleaned and re-laid. Early in the year it was discovered that the hickory bark borer, the most pernicious insect pest that attacks the various hickories, was found to be present in the Park, and, in fact, in all the parks of the borough. A thorough examination was at once made of all the hickories, and those that were found to be infected were immediately removed and burned up. The park authorities were notified of the presence of the pest, but it is greatly feared that most of the hickory trees in the Zoological Park will succumb to the ravages of the borer unless concerted action is taken by the City Park Department, and also private owners. This might be brought about by the action of the Com- missioner of Agriculture, who has power under the law to take effective steps for the prevention of the spread, and the eradica- tion of plant diseases. With the exception of the presence of this pest, the presence of the white fly on the rhododendrons and the occasional ravages of the leopard moth, our trees are in good condition. The seventeen-year locust, which proved itself a nuisance in many sections of New York and New Jersey, was not present in the Park. The roof of the Elephant House continues to be in an un- satisfactory condition, and much damage to the building has been caused thereby. The matter has been receiving special attention. The usual amount of live stock, vegetables and ornamental plants were produced at the Nursery. The greenhouses are be- coming wholly inadequate to supply the demand for plants for indoor decoration and bedding. 88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; George A. Dorn, Cashier. The additional office room given to this department when the > Director moved to his new quarters in the Administration Build- ing has been of great assistance to us in meeting the ever increasing demands of the department. Our most urgent need at this time is of more space for the storage of guide books, postal cards, souvenir books and other supplies, which, in order to show a satisfactory income, must be made up in very large editions. There are at this moment awaiting proper storage, about 25,000 guide books and souvenir books, and twenty-four large cases of postal cards, which cannot be unpacked because of the lack of room. It is proposed to provide for this storage in the west end of the Service Building as soon as the new Privi- lege Building is completed, in which new and better quarters for the cook will be provided. Early in the year it was found necessary to add to the equip- ment by the purchase of another automobile truck, and, after careful consideration of the service required, a small gasoline machine of a capacity of 1,500 lbs. was decided upon. The ma- chine was delivered and put into service about the first of April, and covered a remarkable amount of ground during the season. The year’s business could not possibly have been handled without this extra equipment. In the latter part of the year, this department was so un- fortunate as to lose the services of a valuable and trusted em- ployee, Mr. Wm. I. Mitchell, who, after eight years’ service as office assistant and cashier, resigned to accept a position else- where. Mr. Mitchell’s thorough familiarity with all the details of the various activities of the department made his services extremely valuable, and his leaving regretable. The following resolution with reference to his services was adopted by the Executive Committee: “RESOLVED, that in recognition of the faithful, efficient and responsible services of Mr. William I. Mitchell, as Cashier of The New York Zoological Park during a period of eight years, now terminated by his acceptance of an engagement elsewhere, the Executive Committee of The New York Zoological Society hereby tenders him a gold watch and one hundred dollars, with the good will of the Com- mittee.” Mr. George A. Dorn, who has been with the Bronx Borough Bank for the past two vears, and was well recommended by them, SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 89 accepted the position of Cashier, and entered upon his duties shortly before the close of the year. Privileges.—It is now perfectly evident that in our plans and provisions for catering to the needs of the visiting public, we have considerably under-estimated the rate at which attendance would increase. Asa consequence, demands for increased service come from all directions. Our facilities have by no means kept pace with our actual needs from year to year, and we are now beginning to realize that practically all our present quarters will be outgrown within a few years. The problem now confronting us is to find locations where adequate provisions can be made for the satisfactory and proper serving of large crowds on Sundays and holidays throughout the crowded summer season, without permitting this service to en- croach seriously upon other and more important features, or become so conspicuous as to suggest commercialism. The solu- tion seems to be to develop some new centers of attraction that are now nothing but open or undeveloped spaces, and when rebuilding in a permanent way the present temporary stands, to so locate and plan them that service can be expanded in at least one direction. : Privilege Building.—For several years the Privilege De- partment has been in very great need of a service building, to provide headquarters for its various branches, and machinery for manufacturing needs. Tentative plans for such a building have been under consideration for some time. Late in the year a suitable appropriation was secured for this purpose, and serious study was immediately commenced on the general plans and specifications. It was hoped that work under a contract might be commenced during the open fall weather, and progress so far as to permit interior work being done during the winter. This, however, was found to be impossible, owing to the many complex problems that required to be carefully worked out. It will be out of the question to let a contract sufficiently early to complete the building in time for it to be of any service during the season of 1912. The building proposed will be abovt 30 by 110 feet, two stories high, of brick construction, and will be given up entirely to the purposes of the Privilege Department, with the exception of providing quarters in the south end for the Maintenance De- partment cook room. It will be located on the extreme eastern side of the Service Yard, running at right angles with the present 90 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Service Building, and the east wall will form a portion of the Service Yard enclosure. On the first floor, in addition to the cook room, will be located rooms for soda dispensers, ice plant and ice cream machinery, syrup making and chill rooms. There will be a cellar under each end; that under the cook room pro- viding separately a vegetable cellar and one for coal storage and a heating plant. At the other end the cellar will provide space for storage and an engine room. About a third of the second floor will be occupied by the laundry, and the remainder by a mixing room, pop-corn, salt and general storage. It is con- fidently expected that the advantages furnished by this plant will greatly increase the efficiency and quality of our service in all branches. Rocking-Stone Restaurant.—A fund of five thousand dollars for extensions and alteration to the Rocking-Stone Restaurant be- came available late in the year 1911. Our original request for the much-needed improvement called for double this amount, every cent of which was required to do the work necessary to provide for the additional service which ought to be provided at this time. However, it is proposed to go as far as possible with the fund allowed. Plans are now practically ready which will double the size of the present inside dining-room, as well as the open-air dining-room in the front pavilion, and add measurably to kitchen and pantry facilities. Soda Water.—Our facilities for serving soda water at the various stands in the Park were not by any means sufficient to take care of the demands made on them on Sundays or dur- ing any really heavy attendance. The addition of table service at all the stands last season, while furnishing greater convenience to patrons on week days, proved to be somewhat of a hindrance on Sundays and holidays because of our inability to arrange for separate service for waiters elsewhere than at the same counter where the public were being served. In order to temporarily relieve this condition, and get through the season without more radical changes, several small movable stands were built for use on Sundays only. These were placed for temporary use at crowded points on Baird Court, and orangeade and large quanti- ties of lemonade were dispensed from them. As high as 200 gallons were sold in a single day, to that extent relieving the rush at the regular stands. Souvenir Books and Postal Cards.—During the previous year the price of the thirty-two-page colored souvenir book had SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT oF been reduced from fifty to twenty-five cents, greatly increasing sales. The gain over the previous year amounted to about forty per cent. It had been planned to issue new limited editions of a fifty-cent and one-dollar booklet; but this plan had to be given up because of the large amount it was necessary to invest in the new edition of the guide books. We hope to be able to get them out during 1912, as there is a persistent demand for a higher class souvenir book. During 1911, all arrangements were made, and work begun, on the largest issue of souvenir postal cards we have yet attempted. The series consists of 20,000 each of seventy-two subjects, in four colors, or nearly a million and a half in all. At the close of the year the old stock of postals was almost exhausted, and preparations are under way for receiving and putting up the new cards, which will be sold in three sets of twenty-four cards at twenty-five cents each. Guide Book.—The tenth edition of the guide book was ex- hausted about the middle of July. Although the preparation of a new edition had been under way for some time, unavoidable delays made its delivery impossible until late in the month of August, so that we were entirely without copies for four or five weeks. The new edition, known as the Spectacled-Bear Edition, was carefully and completely revised, and about twenty pages of new matter, with many new illustrations, were added. Sales from the new issue during the last month of the year were fully up to previous records. The total for the year would have passed all previous records, dut for the lack of books during part of July and August. Boat-House Restaurant.—The Boat-House Restaurant con- tinued to gain in patronage during the year. The table d’hote dinner, the service of which on Sunday and holiday evenings was begun last season, was continued throughout the year, and was the means of bringing the Boat House to the attention of a large number of new patrons. Quite a number of club dinners were served with such satisfaction as to add materially to the restaurant’s popularity. Boating.—The rebuilding of the dam on Bronx River at 182nd Street, forming Bronx Lake, which was finished late in 1910, greatly facilitated the handling of the boating business dur- ing the past season. This work made it possible to maintain a good level for the lake throughout the dry season of mid-summer, and carry on the boating business without the annoyances and 92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY dangers encountered during previous seasons. In order to en- courage boating on week days, it was decided to put into effect special rates for all days except Sundays and holidays. This arrangement proved to be a success, and materially increased the business on week days. Before the close of the season it became apparent that another launch was needed to take care of the increasing business; therefore arrangements were made for the purchase of another electric launch, of the same type as those now in use, early in the coming season. New Boat-House Dock.—The wooden dock constructed at the time the Boat-House was built, five years ago, is now badly decayed, and much in need of repairs. The building of a new permanent concrete dock is an urgent necessity, and it was hoped funds for this purpose could be secured so that the work could be done after the close of the boating season. Some repairs will, no doubt, have to be made to the present dock in order to get through the season of 1912, if, as now seems probable, an appropriation for the work is not forthcoming in the very near future. When built, the new dock should provide some shade by the erection of a pergola-like structure along the edge of the dock. Gate Receipts.—The receipts at the entrances from admis- sions on pay days has become the source of a satisfactory income for the increase of the animal collections, the gross receipts from the sale of tickets on pay days going direct to the credit of the animal fund. The figures for the year 1911 were fully up to those of previous years. Riding Animals.—The receipts from this source can be con- siderably increased by the addition of a riding elephant to the present attractions. The Director has consented to the use of the female of the pair of African elephants for this purpose when sufficiently matured, and it is hoped that arrangements can be made for its use during the coming season. Band Concerts.—Our application to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for a modest sum for the cost of band con- certs in the year 1911 having been denied, it was decided not to give concerts during the summer. For two or three years previ- ous the expense of these concerts was borne by the Privilege Department, in the hope that the needed appropriation would be forthcoming. In our judgment, the large attendance at the park during the summer fully justified the expenditure from city funds SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 93 of a reasonable sum for Sunday concerts, and we hope the time is not far distant when such an allowance will be made. Bureau of Information—The bureau of information, opened last season in the alcove in the Lion House, was continued again this year in charge of Miss Newman, who, with the thorough knowledge of the Park, gained by her year’s experience, was of great assistance to visitors in directing them to exhibits of special interest, and answering queries carefully and _ intelli- gently. The sales of publications at this Bureau made a very satisfactory gain during the year. Audit of Privilege Accounts.—The volume of business and the funds handled in the Chief Clerk’s office annually in con- nection with the privileges alone has grown to such proportions that it has been decided to have a semi-annual audit of these ac- counts made by some firm selected by the proper officers of the Society. Two such audits were made, covering the year 1911, and the accounts certified to as correct. Some changes were suggested in regard to the system of bookkeeping in this depart- ment, which are now under consideration, and may be put into effect another season. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY Elwin R. Sanborn, Iditor and Photographer Bulletin.—That the Bulletin performs a useful function is proven by the constantly increasing demand for it. So numerous have been the calls that several numbers are now entirely out of print, and other issues are threatened. The fact that the entire issues of Numbers 1, 6 and 35 have become exhausted, and other numbers nearly so, has made it necessary to increase the bi-monthly edition, 500 copies. In order that future editions shall not be entirely depleted, fifty copies from each will be stored in the Library at the Administration Building. The same provision will be made with other publications. The article en- titled, ““The Society’s Expedition for Pheasants,” was reprinted to supply the demand for it; and several copies of the Bulletin were increased from sixteen to twenty pages. The March and November numbers, devoted to the Aquarium, were unusually interesting. An attractive cover will be provided for the July and subse- quent numbers of the Bulletin. Guide Book.—Having been printed for several seasons with- out material changes, the Guide Book was completely revised, extended down to date, reset, new plates were made and the volume was freshly illustrated from cover to cover. The problem 94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY with the Guide was to increase the amount of material without greatly extending the number of pages. This was accomplished by separating the book into signatures, removing the old cuts and substituting from two to four new pictures for each of the old ones. Heretofore this volume had been illustrated partly with cuts made for other publications, and not always with satisfac- tory results. As remodeled the new Guide contains more than twice the number of pictures contained in any previous edition, and at once it became so popular that the sales for the first two months paid for one-half its cost. The total number of copies issued has been 148,000. Annual Report.—The regular edition of the 15th Annual Report was issued without material changes, except that the order of the Treasurer’s Statements was re-arranged and made permanent. Zoologica.—One number of this publication appeared in 1911, Volume 1, No. 7. It was devoted to a paper entitled, The Undescribed Juvenal Plumage of the Yucatan Jay, by C. William Beebe and Lee S. Crandall, illustrated by a plate in four colors. Publicity—The membership of the Society was increased during the past year by issues of illustrated folders, three of which were printed. Through the efforts of the Ladies’ Aux- iliary, the folder published for them yielded gratifying returns. Photography.—In addition to the extensive series of photo- graphs furnished the Field Columbian Museum, American Museum of Natural History and several other educational insti- tutions, the National Museum has purchased a large number for use in mounting specimens. Sculptors, painters, publishers and taxidermists are constantly availing themselves of our pictorial material, and innumerable requests are being made for pictures for the making of trade-marks, seals and dies. The usual work of keeping the indexes of albums, cuts and negatives has been thoroughly and systematically carried on. The gradual accumu- lation of an immense amount of material has necessitated a simple and accurate method of filing, not only for the purpose of carefully protecting our cuts and negatives, but also in order that all data may be instantly available. The Society has pro- vided for a temporary photograph gallery in the new Pelican House which will be erected in 1912. The entire roof and southern elevation will be constructed of ribbed glass, similar to that used in the east end of the Reptile House. Glass of this character has singular power of concentrating the rays of light SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 95 from the outside, and as they pass through the ribs, of increasing their actinic quality. With reflecting surfaces of white, instan- taneous exposures will be possible. A rapid exposure in a gal- lery of this type yields a finer result than the same exposure out of doors. The reason is obvious. In strong, direct light there are large patches of light and shade only; while with strongly diffused light of highly active quality, each detail is distinctly modeled, giving a rounder and more perfect image, and a better rendering of color value. Appended is a list of photographs made during 1911: Briatsstor- Du bMCatlOM ecco cea eo rie eh a ee ee 1,069 LECTET OW ASHSTO 6 Le Se Dee E Ree con Caen eet aa ns Reheat ep emee 209 Brinisshor-aloumsZzandy les: sae neces Geccs 1,100 3,378 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING George M. Beerbower, Civil Engineer. The most important work of our engineer has been in de- signing and superintending the construction of the new Bear Dens, the Eagle Aviary, the Shelter House for tropical birds of prey, the Pelican House, a new concrete bridge to be erected north of Bronx Lake, and concrete steps for the new Bear Dens. In addition to this he contributed materially to the plans for the new Service Building; he has laid out and established grades for new walks around all the new installations and the new service yard, prepared the budget exhibit, and revised and brought down to date the record maps of the Park. Along with duties and services such as those enumerated, there is each vear the usual accumulation of miscellaneous tasks that are not chargeable to any important work, but at the same time are imperatively necessary. Mr. Beerbower’s presence in the Park is of such daily importance to our general progress that it is not always an easy matter to proceed without him while he is on his annual vacation. For this reason, his vacation usually is taken in several different periods, rather than in one continuous absence for his full allotment of time. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARK EAST OF THE BRONX RIVER The improvement of 180th Street along the extreme southern boundary of the Park, in West Farms, coupled with the construc- tion of the New York, Westchester & Boston R.R., skirting a por- tion of our eastern boundary, has completely changed the aspect of the southeastern corner of our grounds. 96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The two improvements mentioned above have caused the abandonment of the old street long known as West Farms Road, which originally traversed the southeastern corner of the Park, and passed out eastward into the region known as Van Nest. It is now possible to thoroughly improve and utilize, as never before, the southeastern region referred to. To this end a com- plete re-study of the necessities of the eastern side of the Bronx River is being made, with a view to the elimination of all un- sightly features, and bringing thoroughly into harmony with the other portions of the Park a region which is now in a state akin to disorder. The abandonment of the old road is destined to prove of great benefit to the development of the area referred to. In connection with the improvement of the original grounds of the Zoological Park, the development of the recently added area will undoubtedly be taken in hand by the Park Department, and within a comparatively short time the whole eastern area will assume conditions very different from those which now prevail. As a beginning, the low, wet, open grounds in the extreme southeastern corner of the Park, are being filled to a depth of two feet—practically without expense to the city—and when completely filled and levelled, this area will probably be estab- lished as a baseball ground. The old West Farms Road will, as far as possible, be obliterated. A commodious shelter pavilion will be constructed about 400 feet north of the dam; the riverside walk will receive a new surface, and a concrete bridge will be built in the upper end of the east-side grounds, across the brook that enters the Bronx River through the nursery. While these improvements are being carried on, it is reasonably certain that the Park Department will construct a spacious driveway through- out the entire length of the newly acquired addition to Bronx Park, beginning at West Farms and terminating at Pelham Avenue. In Bronxdale, all the unsightly buildings recently ac- quired by the city have been removed, and within a reasonable time, the whole appearance of that section will be transformed by filling, grading and planting. PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS PROPOSED FOR 1912 Buildings and Yards for Hospital and Quarantine.—Up to the present time we have been carrying on the Zoological Park without any permanent plant in which to quarantine newly- arrived animals that may be suspected of carrying diseases, or SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 97 a permanent hospital in which to treat diseased or injured ani- mals. We are also lacking a proper dissecting-room, cold-storage room for the preservation of dead animals previous to autopsies, and proper winter storage rooms for animals that in winter re- quire to be taken out of their yards and kept in heated buildings until spring. All of the various buildings that have been in use for the purposes enumerated above consist of temporary wooden sheds, of a very inadequate nature, highly inflammable in con- struction, and capable of being kept in sanitary condition only by the greatest effort. It is quite time that this Zoological Park should have a proper outfit of permanent buildings for the pur- poses indicated above, such as usually is found in zoological gardens and parks of the first rank. We have previously refrained from asking for these buildings because of the im- perative necessity of first providing buildings and other installa- tions for the animals on exhibition. The ground to be occupied by these buildings is located in what is known as the Service Yard, which already is surrounded by a permanent brick wall of first-class construction, and the buildings proposed would be entirely hidden from the view of the public. The construction intended for these buildings is of a very simple and inexpensive character; but it must at all hazards be permanent and nor oughly sanitary. Heating Plant for Animal-Service Buildings.—The manner in which the buildings named above have been grouped together on the plan renders it both possible and desirable to heat all of them from a small central plant. The most economical plan would be to erect a small, independent building, to shelter the boilers and provide room for the necessary storage of coal. From this central plant a series of hot water pipes will radiate to the various buildings and supply all buildings within a radius of 200 feet. CONTRACT WORK IN GROUND IMPROVEMENTS Conducted under the direction of the Park Department of the Borough of the Bronx. Thomas J. Higgins, Commissioner; Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer. Additional Bear Dens.—In order to provide adequate and safe accommodations for several young Alaska brown bears that rapidly were attaining serious proportions, and also to provide suitable accommodations for the small tropical bears temporarily housed in the Small-Mammal House, a contract was awarded, in 1911, to the J. W. Fiske Iron Works for the construction of two large bear dens and eight small ones. The contract price was 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY $7,700, and the new dens were located against a ledge of rock facing the original series. These dens were erected and com- pleted to the satisfaction of the Society in December, 1911, and will be occupied early in the spring of 1912. Eagle and Vulture Aviary—On February 15, 1911, a con- tract for an extensive and thoroughly modern aviary, suitable for eagles and vultures, was awarded to George Hildebrand, in the sum of $18,867. Work began on February 15, 1911, and was very nearly completed by the end of the year. The new aviary, which will be fully described in subsequent publications, contains seven very large cages, and six smaller ones—all carefully designed to serve to the best purpose the various species that they are to contain. This fine improvement adds a feature of great interest to Bird Valley, and greatly strengthens the series of installations for the exhibition of birds. Zebra House.—In the spring of 1911, a contract for the con- struction of a spacious and thoroughly modern Zebra House, in keeping with the other animal buildings of the Zoological Park, was awarded to Joseph Balaban, in the sum of $25,181, and the work of construction began immediately. The yards were not included in the contract, for the reason that at the time the eontract for the building was made, a fund for the construction of the yards had not been appropriated by the city. Later on, an appropriation for the construction of the yards, and the walks around them, was secured, and this work will be undertaken very early in the spring of 1912. At the latest, the Zebra House and adjacent yards should be ready for occupancy by July 1, 1912. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS URING the first four months of 1911, the Aquarium was in charge of Dr. R. C. Osburn, assistant, under the general supervision of the Director, who was then serving as acting director of the Museum of Natural History. While the latter was absent from the City from February 19 to May 8, in charge of the United States Steamship Albatross expedition to the Gulf of California, Dr. Osburn was detailed as acting director of the Aquarium. After his return, the director resumed his duties at the Museum until June 14, when he returned to the Aquarium. The most important additions to the collections were speci- mens of fur seal, elephant seal and tropical fishes from Florida. Two shipments from Key West added a number of species hither- to not exhibited at the Aquarium, among them being a 200- pound jewfish. One of these consignments was the gift of Mr. Danforth Ferguson of Halesite, Long Island, N. Y., a most wel- come and important contribution. Tropical fishes were also ob- tained from Bermuda. There could, of course, be no general increase in the exhibits without increasing tank space, which is not possible in the present building. The United States Bureau of Fisheries presented the fur seals which came from the Pribilof Islands. The six elephant seals from Lower California were sent from the Pacific coast by the Albatross expedition at the expense of the New York Zoolog- ical Society. Two of these were presented by the Society to the United States Bureau of Fisheries and placed in the National Zoological Park at Washington. An interesting addition to the exhibits was a collection of thirty-three large albino lake trout, presented by the New York 100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BROWN PARROT-FISH (PSEUDOSCARUS GUACAMIA). SPOT SNAPPER (NEOMENIS SYNAGRIS). SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OW Conservation Commission, through Dr. T. H. Bean, State Fish Culturist. Three of these have been donated to the new Phila- delphia Aquarium. The Commission also presented thirty short-nosed sturgeons, raised in fresh-water ponds. Dr. C. B. Davenport presented a young specimen of the rare redfish, (Pseudopriacanthus), caught at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. Since its arrival last summer it has lived in the sea-horse tank, thriving on the small Gammarus crustaceans used as food for those fishes, and has nearly trebled in size. A com- plete list of gifts to the exhibits and to the library will be found under heading of Accessions. The exhibits of the Aquarium as a whole, are purchased through funds provided by the New York Zoological Society. The Aquarium still has two of the striped bass (Roccus line- atus) which were supposed to be three years old when the Aquar- ium was opened in 1896. Neither specimen weighs more than twenty pounds. The California sea-lion has been in the building over four and a half years, and has nearly doubled its size. It is a remarkably healthy and lively animal. An elephant seal nearly two years old was lost through the mischief of a visitor who gave the animal a lead pencil to play with. The pencil was swallowed and lodging in the intestines caused its death. The keeping of seals in a building as warm as it is neces- sary to keep the Aquarium in winter, has not been attended with very satisfactory results. The seal pools will probably be stocked with other animals better adapted to an indoor life, until accom- modations can be provided that will insure the welfare of the seals. In a larger building it would be quite possible to arrange quarters for seals where they could have the lower air tempera- ture that is necessary for such warm-blooded animals. The collection of local fishes and invertebrates was main- tained in good condition through the efforts of our regular col- lector and through seining trips made by the Aquarium employ- ees to the lakes of the various parks in Greater New York. Many specimens were also brought in from the off-shore fishing banks by the fishing steamer Taurus. The fish-hatchery was kept in operation during the winter and spring months for the public exhibition of the methods in use in the artificial hatching and rearing of fishes. The United 102 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY States Bureau of Fisheries supplied eggs of the quinnat and sil- ver salmons from Washington and Oregon, whitefish from the Great Lakes and yellow perch from Maryland. The Southside Sportsmen’s Club and the Tuxedo Club furnished eggs of the brook, rainbow and steelhead trout from their private hatcheries. Public school teachers and their classes were aided in every possible way, and the usual number of balanced aquaria stocked for use in their schools. With ample space set aside for the use of teachers and their classes in a larger building, this phase of public instruction should become a much more important and regular feature of our work. It was possible to aid a number of scientific men in their re- search by supplying them small marine forms for carrying on their work; some of which was done in the laboratory of the Aquarium. Mr. George C. Scott, Instructor in the College of the City of New York, was supplied with specimens of dogfish and laboratory space for carrying on his studies upon the circu- lation of the blood in fishes. Dr. Jacques Loeb, who has been making inquiries relative to the role of salts in the maintenance of life, received killifishes at regular intervals. Prof. C. F. W. McClure of Princeton received embryos of salmonoid fishes in various stages of development for study on the origin and development of the lymphatic system. Dr. R. C. Osburn discovered the presence of a species of crayfish, (Cambarus limosus), new to New York, in the lakes of Central Park and Prospect Park, where it is abundant. This species, which is common in the drainage of the Delaware, Sus- quehanna and Potomac rivers, has not previously been recorded outside of this range. An entirely new and very striking color variety of this species has been discovered by him along with the normal form. The Aquarium Numbers of the Zoological Society Bulletin issued during the year were prepared by Dr. Osburn. Assistance was rendered to city authorities and individuals in Boston, Buffalo, Philadelphia and San Francisco in connection with plans for proposed public aquariums in those cities. No special improvements in the building were made during the year except such as were necessary for additional office space. For the most part the repairs required were of a minor char- acter and were chiefly due to the corrosion of piping and pumps SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 103 by sea-water. The ice machine was thoroughly overhauled in preparation for the warm weather. The large underground reservoir of stored sea-water has now been in use three and a half years. This supply of pure water, circulating constantly through the tanks containing marine species, has become an in- dispensable feature of the equipment of the institution. The cost of keeping it warm enough for tropical forms has been a thou- rand dollars a year less than under the old system of pumping cold water from the harbor, while its purity as a medium for marine animals has greatly reduced the cost of stocking with specimens. Several thousand gallons of water are added to it each year to replace losses caused by leakage and evaporation. With a more perfect system of piping and valves the moderate waste by leakage can eventually be eliminated. The frequent bursting of the chemical lead steam-coil used in heating sea- water is now avoided by the introduction of a galvanized steam cylinder covered with lead. The explosion of dynamite at Communipaw, Jersey City, February 1, 1911, caused much damage to the skylights and win- dows of the Aquarium building, breaking more than fifty panes of glass. The heavy glass of the skylights fell to the floor in many places, but although several hundred people were in the building, fortunately no one was injured. The prompt action of the attendants prevented any rush for the doors, and order in the building was scarcely interrupted. The cost of re-glazing amounted to $208.96. The Aquarium was opened to the public at night from May 30, 1911, to September 30, 1911, and the average night attend- ance during this period was 1,479. Night opening was made possible through a balance available on account of the Director’s salary, and six men were added to the force during that time. The additional cost for lighting was paid by a transfer from al- lowance for fuel. The Aquarium participated in the City Budget Exhibit in October, and loaned the same exhibits to the Chicago Municipal Exposition. The attendance for the year was 2,011,- 544, an average of 5,511 a day. The appropriation for the year was $48,000, which is just $1,500 more than it was nine years ago. The sale of postcards, bulletins and other Aquarium pub- lications during the year amounted to $631.81. The illustra- 104 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY SCAMP (MYCTEROPERCA FALCATA). MUD PARROT-FISH (SPARISOMA FLAVESCENS). SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 105 tions presented in this Report are hitherto unpublished photo- graphs of tropical fishes which are usually to be seen at the Aquarium. The same cuts will be used in the illustration of the Aquarium tank labels. Mr. W. E. Damon, a member of the Aquarium Committee, died November 30, 1911, at the age of seventy-three. Attendance at the New York Aquarium in 1911: JanWary, VASiMOrSs.. <2. 99,989 Daily average..... S220 February Age ane ke 100,942 ie en aa en 3,605 March eee Rocce eere? 148,047 3 Son COoe ANTES) April eS Sete 161,106 i Pee Re 5,370 May Sart 2a 5a 192,645 * tate ee 6,214 June BW OLE or nde 209,009 % ah) eee: 6,966 July Sed Ciscoe 212,427 2 oa 8,787 August Peer rae 230,407 S ied Gee (Ae September — os 25 oo) ts Ze ATS se i Ok toa ae 7,049 October oe Tete ee oo 140,589 r ae A pe 4,535 November "= -.0e.8: 132,309 - bes Se acts 4,410 December — 2 sks ode 112,595 ss ae ade eee 3,632 Totaly WASisoOrs: =... - 2,011,544 Daily average..... Hrolek The total number of persons who have visited the Aquarium since it was opened fifteen years ago exceeds thirty millions, or an average of over five thousand a day. For several years daily records of the temperature and salinity of the waters of the Harbor have been kept at the Aquar- ium, where it is still used in some of the floor pools. The records have a scientific value as showing the low salin- ity of the harbor water in comparison with that of the open sea. It is usually less than half as salt, and is foul with sewage and manufacturing wastes. The highest salinity is observed in August; the lowest in April. ‘AYR S9dIGap YQ JO dInzergduI9} & OF JYFNOAG AoyeM FO soTdures YB APBUL AIIM SUOTJVALSGO A}ISUIC,, £10 T | 6¢| ZT0' TL | pp) ZI0 T | Sv | ZIO T | 6h} TIO'T | S| pIO'L| €v! 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The expedition was in charge of Dr. C. H. Townsend, Director of the Aquarium, and the Albatross was in command of Comdr. G. H. Burrage, U.S. N. The vessel sailed from San Diego, California, February 28, 1911, and the voyage was concluded at San Francisco April 28, 1911. About one month was devoted to marine investigations and inquiries respecting the fisheries of Lower California, and a large collection of fishes and invertebrates was obtained chiefly by deep sea dredging, some of the hauls being as deep as two miles (1,760 fathoms). Another month was spent in a zoolog- ical and botanical reconnaisance of the coastal region of the Peninsula and the outlying islands. Large collections were made of mammals, birds, reptiles and plants, among which were many species new to science. An incident of the cruise that aroused the interest of zoolog- ists generally, was the re-discovery of a herd of elephant seals on Guadalupe Island, specimens of which were secured. The ele- phant seal, a species long supposed to be extinct and about which comparatively little is known, was carefully observed and photo- graphed by Director Townsend, who published a special account of it in Zoologica (Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoo- logical Society). He has also prepared an account of the fishery, hydrographic and general results of the voyage for publication by the United States Bureau of Fisheries. Special faunal papers are in preparation for publication by the American Museum of Natural History.