HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE. ZOOLOGY 3.360 El onl Vawcmber 27, 1403. NOV 27 1923 “LIGL ‘LI ABI UO Spreny yareg 94} 07 Sey [nNzNvaq siy} peyueseid ‘Aqa100G 9y} Jo SdasvuR JO prvog ayy Fo JjeVYyeq uo ‘uL0gsgO pleyarey Atuey “saig SdYVND MUVd TVOIDOTIOOZ AHL OL SHHDVNVW AO GUVOd AHL AO LAID ‘SUOTOD IVNOILVN ULOqUuDS “Y Uunpy fq ydvibojoyd D WOLYy TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT NEW YORK ZOOGOGICAL sOCIE TY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY ea beth NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY JANUARY, 1918 COPYRIGHT 1918, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Clark & Fritts PRINTERS 229 WEST 28TH STREET NEW YORK CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY ’ OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND mecaniena MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY . SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY Procure. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ; OBITUARY—COL. WILLIAM C. CHURCH, GRANT B. a enirKt REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . ; ; W. T. Hornaday REPORT OF THE PENSION FUND . F : : J TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION . ‘ . William Beebe REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM, Charles H. Townsend REPORT OF THE PROSECTOR TREASURER’S REPORT: Income Account Maintenance Fund ; Ground Improvement Fund Animal Fund Stokes Bird Fund Heads and Horns Fund Library Fund Aquarium Maintenance mune Endowment Fund ; Endowment Fund Income Account Cadwalader Animal Fund . Wild Life Fund. 5 Improvement and Repair Recaunt Carnegie Pension Fund Pension Fund Income Account . Tropical Research Fund Art Gallery Fund Publication Fund : Heads and Horns Building Fund Salary Bonus Fund Pheasants Aviary Fund 39 105 ats) 121 122 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 a2 153 133 134 134 135 CONTENTS (Continued ) AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT , : : : ; ; 136 AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT : ’ : ; aller LIST OF ACCESSIONS: Zoological Park . : : : ; Z : : 138 Aquarium . , ‘ ; ; : K 3 ; 146 DOCUMENTS: Articles of Incorporation . ; : : ; ; 150 By-Laws . ; ’ , g , ; ; oe ae INDEX F A ; : ? : : : ; : 161 ILLUSTRATIONS NATIONAL COLORS PRESENTED By BOARD OF MANAGERS, Frontispiece ADULT FEMALE CHIMPANZEE . ; : 5 : : 40 FLAG RAISING DAY, ZOOLOGICAL PARK . , : ; 46 ADULT FEMALE CHIMPANZEE . ‘ : : 5 : 60 ZOOLOGICAL PARK GUARDS AS FIRST ASSEMBLED : ; 66 ZOOLOGICAL PARK GUARDS EQUIPPED AND DRILLED . , 67 FLYING SQUIRREL . : : : 2 : : : 70 AUSTRALIAN FLYING PHALANGER . : : x : 70 TAWNY FROGMOUTH . : 3 : : : : ; 76 PARK GUARDS IN WINTER UNIFORMS . : : : 3 82 INTERIOR OF THE SMALL-MAMMAL HOUSE ; i : 838 FIELD OF FODDER CORN . ; : : : : : 92 JUNGLE ON THE MAZARUNI RIVER . ; ; : ; 00 MURINE OPOSSUM . : : : : 3 , ae OZ NEw Rock WORK AT THE AQUARIUM ; ; : 3 104 FIRE ROOM, NEW YORK AQUARIUM . ; , , ; 106 FIRE RooM, NEw YORK AQUARIUM . : ; : ‘ 107 SERVICE GALLERY, NEW YORK AQUARIUM . : ; sy Sala REFRIGERATING PLANT, NEW YORK AQUARIUM . ‘ Spell SERVICE GALLERY, NEW YORK AQUARIUM . 3 : ; 116 yy. =) Board of Managers Ea-officio:) THE Mayor of the City of New York. | "| THE PRESIDENT. Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. CEASSIOR: 1919 PERCY R. PYNE, Ww. AUSTIN WADSWORTH, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, EMERSON McMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, FREDERICK G. BOURNE, FREDERIC C. WALCOTT. CLASS OF 1920 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, EDWARD S. HARKNESS, LISPENARD STEWART, Wm. B. Oscoop FIELD, CHARLES F’. DIETERICH, A. BARTON HEPBURN, GEORGE F. BAKER, WILLIAM WOODWARD, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, EDWIN THORNE, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, PERCY A. ROCKEFELLER. CLASS OF 1921 LEVI P. MORTON, GEORGE J. GOULD, ANDREW CARNEGIE, OGDEN MILLS, MADISON GRANT, LEWIS RUTHERFURD Morris, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, HENRY M. TILFORD, FRANK K. STURGIS, E. C. CONVERSE. New York Zonlogical Society General Office, 111 Broadway, New York City President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President : Second Vice-President: MADISON GRANT. FRANK K. STURGIS. Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 111 Broadway. Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY. Executive Committee MADISON GRANT, Chairman. PERCY R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. @eurral Officers WILLIAM T. HornNapay, Director of the Zoological Park. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director of the Aquarium. GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector. C. GRANT LAFARGE, Architect. H. DEB. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer. R. L. CERERO, Bursar. Auditing Committer WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman LISPENARD STEWART, ANTHONY R. KUSER. Pension Board GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman. WILLIAM PIERSON HAMILTON, PERCY R. PYNE, Treasurer. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, LEWIS R. Morris, H. R. MITCHELL, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, R. L. DITMARS, HERMANN W. MERKEL Secretary. Enditurial Committer HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. Officers of the Zoulngical Park WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director and General Curator. H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles. WILLIAM BEEBE, Curator of Birds. LEE S. CRANDALL, Assistant Curator of Birds. W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER, Consulting Civil Engineer. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. ELWIN R. SANBORN, Photographer and Hdtitor. Officers uf the Aquarium CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. W. I. DENYSE, Assistant. L. L. Mowsray, Assistant. GEORGE A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist. ROBERT SUTCLIFFE, Clerk. IpA M. MELLEN, Secretary. Aquarium Committer CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, RAYMOND C. OSBURN, BASHFORD DEAN, EDMUND B. WILSON, ALFRED G. MAYER, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, THOMAS H. MORGAN, CHARLES R. STOCKARD, GRENVILLE KANE. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Sorivty January 1, 1918 Benefactors Baker, GeorceE F., *MorGAn, J. P., *CADWALADER, JOHN L.., RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM CARNEGIE, ANDREW, Scuirr, Jacosp H., DopcE, CLEVELAND H., Txoompson, Mrs. FrepertcK Ferris, Kusrer, Cor. ANTHony R., *TTIORNE, SAMUEL, Founders in Perpetuity *BaRNEY, CuHartes T., McMinn, EMERSON, Bourne, Freperick G., Mixis, OGdEN, CarneEGIE, Mrs. ANDREW, Morton, Hon. Levi P., Converse, E. C., Pyne, Percy R.., Dierericu, Cuarits F., Rosinson, NELSON, Govtp, GrorGeE J., RocKEFELLER, JOHN D., Harkness, Epwarp S., Sacre, Mrs. Russet, *Hitit, JAMEs J., Scuirr, Mortimer I.., Kircuine, Mrs. Frank W., Srewart, LIsPENARD, (In succession to Frank W. Taytor, Henry A. C., Kircu1ne, deceased.) *TroRNE, Miss PHOEBE ANNA, Macxay, Cuarence H., *Writney, Hon. WitiraM C., Founders *ArcHBOLD, JoHN D., *Payne, Con. Onrtver H., AVERY, SAMUEL P., Perkins, Grorce W., *Barnes, JOHN S., Rainey, Pau J., BerwinpD, Epwarp J., ScHERMERHORN, F. AuGustus, Buarr, C. Lepyarp, *ScuHiry, GRANT B., Brewster, Rogert S., Sueparp, Mrs. Fintey J., *CuisnoLtm, Hueu J., *SroaNE, WiILi1aAM D., CriarK, GEorRGE CRAWFORD, *Sroxes, Miss Carotine PHELPs, *Dopcre, WiLu1aM E.., Srurcis, Frank K., *GorLet, Rorerr, Trevor, Miss Eminy. Huntineton, Arcuer M., Trevor, Mrs. JoHn B., *Hountineton, C. P., * VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS. *OrreNDORFER, OSWALp, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., Woop, Mrs. ANTorNETTE ENO, Associate #ounders *Baxscock, SAMUEL D., *ScHUYLER, PHILIP, *CarTerR, JAMES C., *Scuuy er, Mrs. PHI.ip, *CrocKER, GEORGE, Srurcis, Mrs. Frank K., *peERuamM, H. Casimir, TuorneE, Epwin, DickERMAN, Warson B., THorRNE, JoEL W., *Jesup, Morris K., THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., Oszporn, Pror. HeENry F arlrrieLp, Tirrany & ComPAny, *RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, Tsaper, Mrs. Marcarer T., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, *DECEASED 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY * ARNOLD, Hicks, Avucuincioss, Mrs. Huew D., Barney, James W., *Buiss, CorNeEttus N., *Buiss, GeorGe T., Bronson, Envcar BrecHer, Crark, Mrs. GeorGe CrawrorpD, *CoNSTABLE, FREDERICK A., *Coox, Henry H., pE Luctner, PRINCESs, Erret, GrorGe, *Frower, Roswe.. P., Forp, James B., *Forp, J. Howarp, *GouLp, Jr., Epwin, Hamirton, Wii11aAmM Prrrson, *HarKness, Cuarrtes W., Harrison, Jr., Georce L.., *HavemMeyer, Henry O., *HAVEMEYER, WILLIAM F., Hawkes, Mrs. McDovucatt, *Hrwirt, Asram S., *HorrmMan, Very Rev. FE. A., Hornapbay, Dr. Wo. T., House, Enwarp J., *TsELIn, ADRIAN, *James, D. WIL LIs, James, NorMAN, James, Dr. Water B., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., *Lewis, Mrs. Georce, Patrons McALrenan, Josepu A., Mayer, Atrrep G., Morris, Newson, *Morris, A. NEWBOLD, *Morris, Mrs. A. Newsorp, Osporn, WitiiamM CrHurcH, *Ossporn, Mrs. Witiiam H., *Poor, Henry W., *Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Roesiinc, JoHn A., tvan, THomas F., *SCHERMERHORN, WiLuiAM C., *SELIGMAN, Isaac NEwron, *Senrr, Cuartes H., Stumpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *SrTICKNEY, JOSEPH, Taytor, Jr., James B., THorne, Francis B., THorneE, Henry S., THorNeE, LANnpon K., Trorne, Mrs. SAMUEL, TrorNeE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, Tuorne, Vicror C., TrorneE, W. V. S., *THORNE, WILLIAM, TiLrorp, H. M., *Twomsiy, H. MckK.., *Von Post, Herman C., *WEBB, WiLLIAM H., *Wourr, A., Wuitney, Harry, Lite Members Apams, Enwarp Dean, AGNEW, CorNeELIUS R., AGNeEw, GeorceE B., AKELEY, Caru E., AwnpreEws, Constant A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, Armour, ALLISON V., ArNoLD, Enywarp W. C., * AucHINCLOss, Hucn D., Baker, H. Martyn, *BALLANTINE, Rospert F., Bargour, THoMas, *Barpour, WILLIAM, BaLpDwIn, JRr., Josepu C., *Baruyopt, Mrs. P. Hack ey, *Barnes, Miss Cora F., Barnes, J. SANFORD, Barucu, Bernarp M., Breese, WILii1AaM, Brrersower, Geo. M., *BrEewx, Mrs. C. M., Beit, Gorpon, Knox, BeL_mont, AvuGust, Berrs, Samvurt Rossrver, Binns, WALTER, Biro, Cuartes SUMNER, Bisnop, Hesper ReGinap, *BrLackrorp, KuGENE G., Brarr, Dr. W. Reto, Buiss, Mrs. Roperr W., Buiopeerr, Witt1aAm TrLpon, *Boitpr, Georce C., *Bonp, Franx S., Bootn, Wit H., Boury, Louis J., *Bowpor1n, Georce S., *Bowpoin, TEMPLE, Bowman, JoHN McE., Braniey, J. R., Braman, Cuesrer A., Brerrensacnu, M. J., Brinsmapve, CHartes Lyman, *DECEASED TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT Brown, Georce MckKessen, Brewster, Freperick F., *Bruce, Miss Marinpa W., Bucnu, Miss Eminy, Burven, 2Nv, HENRY, Burieicn, Grorce W., Burr, WINTHROP, Burrace, Cart. Guy H., BusHNELL, JOSEPH, Burier, WinitamM MILL, CamMMANN, GeorceE P., Camp, Hucr N., *CanwrieLp, Rrewarp A., Cavutpwett, Dr. Cuarces MirBanKk, Crereno, R. L., CraN Ler, WINTHROP, Cuapin, Cuaries M., Cuaprm, Cuester W., CuisnHoim, Jr., Huen J., *Crurcu, E. Dwicut, Cuurcu, FrepertcKk E., Crorcu, Mrs. Newue E., Ciururcu, WILLARD, *CHurcu, WittrAM CONANT, Crark, F. AMBROSE, Crank, Jr., Grorcr C., Crarkson, BANYER, Crose, Enwarp B., Cor, WittraM R., Corrrx, Caries A., Coreate, WILLIAM, Coiiier, Roser J., *Cozttorp, GrorGE W., *Coxttorp, Mrs. Grorce W., Coir, SaMuEL P., Connon, T. G., ConsraBLe, Mrs. FrepertcK A., *“Conynemam, WitiiaAM L., = 7 iy" ¥ on) _ oat i » von ry ‘ex bre ee ‘ 1 ~ ar a \ 5 a) ae ae. I way Bie % : wa an j 1 F, j i i , h { wy, & ; i : ii I i } ap, a 2; . 4 ve, *p) j rn %, j } . oun ae an ae iy ‘ ; 7 vs “f 4 1 ' 4 a se : j . 7" git y A) r i) by i , io ‘ sal ~ ou, i F > : , + : =) Lf ; & " rh oy: ; j f } ' i rr } 2 ff | & at . 5 | Ps 4 @ u L 7 - a ka, Ue en Vay : rake ; is i = ‘ 4 y A Me ‘ : Te. , y is j - =, 4 { o 4 yj = Zz \ i J ‘ee, vee 7 Ty i = 4 P Aa Hs wy, Dy he va ae | ie wf = a i? J = 4 ‘ ™ - j ns We : ' ; { ss i a 1% Ay al 4, he 7 “ = : i ’ > a 7 So \ a aM a iV 7 u oki \ ATT ¥ } é 7 7 . 4 » - # ‘ I a : at ; An ; i ere ' rs f fl i F p : 7 “Fe? ee oY : a Wc re ) 4 4 ay * rrr bn r - : n int 7 A i ' =< ih : \ "he : - ; Ad . : 1 ‘ i : ei f aes ; Nae | waa : , y i : i= t@ ~ ot oe iv x Late} Bl - Laat) ae Paul ; r et ; ° nea Nae a erry! ; -.: ; oy ' i | < = ; a i 4 ‘ yal ' u ij = i he : \ J a i aus : 4 A i : pf: bad Wie : ai jt RI <" d _ Ts h ‘ if , ® b J ( Tex b Pile j j i eT “ie f wh a! ‘ : &* *, eT ae ete y 5 : Resolution Regarding Migratory Hird Creatuy At the Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society, held on January 8, 1918, the following resolution was adopted : Whereas, The Congress of the United States invited the Gov- ernment of the Dominion of Canada to enter into an international treaty for the protection of North American migratory birds from the destruction which rapidly has been exterminating many valuable species, and Whereas, The Government of Canada, despite the distractions of her participation in a great war, promptly accepted the proposal of our Congress and diligently and forcefully carried it into com- plete effect; now therefore be it Resoxvep, That the New York Zoological Society hereby respect- fully directs the attention of the President of the United States and the House of Representatives to the disquieting fact that the American enabling act to provide regulations for the enforcement by the United States of the aforesaid treaty has not yet passed the lower house of Congress, and that immediate action is necessary in order to keep faith with Canada, to avoid affronting a friendly nation, and at the same time to place our migratory birds on the basis of protection that long has been desired for them by the people of the United States. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. THE Executive Committee respectfully submit the following report to the Board of Managers for the year 1917: The Committee regret to announce the death of one of the original members of the Board, Col. William Conant Church, who passed away on May 23, 1917. Col. Church was one of the founders of the Society, and was devoted to its interests. The Committee also report with regret the death of Mr. Grant Barney Schley, on November 22, 1917. Mr. Schley took great interest in the work of the Society, and was liberal in his donations to it. Resolutions passed on their deaths appear at the end of this report. Mr. William Woodward was elected to the Board of Man- agers at the Annual Meeting of the Society on January 9, 1917, to fill the vacancy in the Class of 1920, caused by the death of the late H. Casimir deRham. Mr. Frederic C. Walcott was elected to the Board of Man- agers at the Annual Meeting of the Board on January 16, 1917, to fill the vacancy in the Class of 1919, caused by the resigna- tion of Mr. F. Augustus Schermerhorn. MEMBERS. Notwithstanding the unsettled conditions during the past year, 217 new members have ‘been secured: 197 Annual Mem- bers, 18 Life Members, 1 Patron and 1 Fellow. Resignations and From a photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn ADULT FEMALE CHIMPANZEE RECENTLY ACQUIRED BY THE SOCIETY This is the largest specimen ever exhibited in the Park. The hair was shaved from her arms by her former owner. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT Al deaths, however. reduce the net result to a gain of 98 members. The membership as of January 1, 1918, is as follows: Berea CLO LSet ae Mle eee mime dt ees Mee et de oe i HMOUNGETS MUReCrpPebUtys 6. eee ee ee Be 18 TENOYO TG SS cS VAMP DAL) Lee NS a + 15 IASSOGIAte- KiOUIMCCIES ee oe eed nie 9 IBAECONS hk coke a ee PA ee Mie ae te eae 32 eke eM Desai ee he eel ae Oe Ue Ee 313 SANT HTT TENET RES 0a) OYE Gi sete te tire Oe ner er 1,872 ELL O WS Rae eine Pk tr era Ea ea cet oad Ve 35 EOnoratyer MiemMbeisret.. 8 oe Pee eee lh a Corresponding. embers 20. 3.00) a fl Zoe ATTENDANCE. The increase in the attendance of both institutions and espe- cially that of the Zoological Park has been satisfactory. The Aquarium continues to suffer from the conditions in Battery Park created by the war, and more particularly by reason of the construction of the subway which has greatly impeded access to that institution. The attendance at the Park and Aquarium for 1917, as compared with 1916, has been as follows: Park Aquarium LES Mots a oie tard Recker 1,898,414 1,595,118 OMG Reem OE Re: 1,656,820 1,499,667 COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, compiled January 1, 1918, is as follows: January 1, 1917 January 1, 291s Species Specimens Species Specimens Mammals. 207 617 205 611 ) Sib 600 [Rea RJ 816 2,788 813 Pop tlshs) Reptiles and Am- Dhibians) wee. 98 782 112 644 1,121 4,187 1,130 4,054 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY On the whole the health of the collections at the Park has been excellent. There have been, however, a number of deaths due to old age, but losses from this cause must be expected. COLLECTIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. A census of the exhibits at the Aquarium taken January 1, 1918, shows the following results: January, te Agi January 1, 1918 Species Specimens Species Specimens ENTS) SEIS a ee a Os 149 4,196 ton 4,611 Rephilest ==) 19 We Dal 1 Amphibians ........ 8 365 8 69 Invertebrates ... Zit 1,306 18 Za Mammals, 222 2 2 2 2 199 5,992 186 6,049 Compared with January 1, 1917, this census shows an in- crease of fifty-seven specimens, and a decrease of thirteen spe- cies. The two mammals in the Aquarium are a sea-lion and a manatee. The sea-lion has lived in the Aquarium ten years and the manatee a year and a half. It is a great satisfaction to be able to report a still further improvement in the welfare of the living collections of the Aqua- rium. The installation of a new salt-water supply in 1908 im- proved the conditions for keeping marine forms of life to a re- markable degree. The enlargement of some of the tanks in 1916 has also contributed to this result. Fresh-water fishes were collected as usual by the Aquarium employees from local waters, and exchanges were made with the State fishery boards of New York and New Jersey. Local mar- ine species were also collected by the Aquarium force. Three collections of tropical fishes were made in Florida during the summer, two of them being in cooperation with the Detroit and Philadelphia Aquariums. This arrangement proved to be economical and advantageous, although the number of spec- imens brought to the New York Aquarium was somewhat less than usual. All of the work of collecting and transporting was done by the New York Aquarium force, the other institutions contributing to the general cost of the trip. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 43 During the year, 2,587 specimens were purchased by the Zoo- logical Society, and 166 were presented. In addition to these, two millions of fish eggs were received from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, which were hatched in the Aquarium and later dis- tributed in public waters. ALTERATIONS TO AQUARIUM. It is proposed to apply to the City for $100,000 for the alteration of the present Aquarium Building so as to remove the boilers from the present quarters which are monthly flooded by the full-moon tides dangerously close to the actual fires. The existing conditions compel our men to work in most unsanitary surroundings and at a great disadvantage, in addition to loss of heat and power in the pumps and engines. If these boilers were removed to the cellar under the front of the building, the space now occupied by the machinery could be devoted to additional exhibits. A third story on the front of the building is also need- ed to provide additional space for administration and for re- search work in connection with the scientific utilization of the mass of material now available. COAL SHORTAGE AT AQUARIUM. The Aquarium during the winter of 1917-1918 has been several times seriously imperilled by the coal shortage. We are at present without bunker facilities for the storage of a reserve supply of coal, and we are dependent on the deliveries at least every two days. While we hope to be able to maintain the Aqua- rium during the winter, this condition has become intolerable. As soon as the City’s financial condition permits, every effort will be made to secure the appropriation needed for the altera- tion of this institution. Park.—The sum of $199,560 was provided by the City for the maintenance of the Zoological Park for the year 1917, and by dint of the strictest economy, the year closed without a deficit in this fund. The food supply of the animals was supplemented by farming on Park land by volunteer labor from our employees and the Executive Committee wish to take this opportunity to express its appreciation of the willingness and patriotism of its Park staff. 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The sum of $207,586 has been provided for the maintenance of the Park by the City for the year 1918. This includes an amount sufficient to enable the Society to meet the increased sal- aries of our low-paid employees, which last year were provided by a special subscription of the Board of Managers. Aquarium.—The sum of $47,000 was provided by the City for the maintenance of the Aquarium during 1917. Your Com- mittee had great difficulty in maintaining the Aquarium with this amount, and it was only with much self-devotion on the part of the Aquarium staff that this result was accomplished and the year closed without a deficit. The sum of $48,632.50 has been provided by the City for the maintenance of the Aquarium for the year 1918 and for the increased salaries of the low-paid employees. The total cost to the City for the upkeep of these two insti- tutions for the year 1917 amounted to a trifle less than seven cents for each visitor. FINANCES. The Society continues to suffer from an exceedingly small Endowment Fund and it has been a great disappointment to your Committee that this fund has not received the benefit of large bequests in the same proportions as have its sister institutions in this city. With an Endowment Fund of only $369,331.96, the income is pitifully small for the amount of work which must be performed. The Society could be of vast usefulness in various fields of zoological and conservation activities if only there were a sufficient sum of money available for that purpose. The Ex- ecutive Committee desires to point out to the members of the Board of Managers the disabilities under which the Society labors from a lack of an unrestricted income from at least $1,000,000, which could be utilized for the maintenance and ex- pansion of the Society. The balances to the credit of the several funds in the Farmers’ Loan & Trust Company as of December 31, 1917, are as follows: Income Accounts... 0: ; 1 O10 954174 Animal Ning ?ts sco eo Ri oe ee a ee Ce 16,463.03 Endowment Fund (uninvested) tee oe re pan TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 45 SUGMeCmMGCeNNUING, . eae el ee ee ee 258.54 CadwaladerwAnimal Mund: 2 26..8 se n 1,500.00 AtatnG alle ray. vi ind: ..c es ee ee eee ee. ia 8,003.21 eropicalwkhesearch Mund: 2202) ee etal a 1,465.63 National Collection of Heads & Horns ............... CEST VWitldeiiite Mundt. 25. cee tse ti. Dee eee a 869.01 POM CARON: ESIC Pie se eee a ee 1,075.40 Heads & Horns Building Fund eee 13,983.62 RnersantvAviabye PUNO see ee 141.338 Me oeary. Uni Gapeeey en Ee a ee 437.80 COU sy Gere es eet aa ee Ly 8 oa Re eee aR $57,968.79 Carnegie Pension Fund Income Account: Farmers’ Loan & Trust Company..............$ 3,137.27 Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx) ........4-° 274.69 $ 3,411.96 The Executive Committee desire to express its appreciation of the satisfactory manner in which the Assistant Treasurer, The Farmers’ Loan & Trust Company, and the Bursar, Mr. R. L. Cerero, have performed their duties. INCOME ACCOUNT. As usual the general income of the Society, which includes the income from the Endowment Fund, was insufficient to meet the current expenses of 1917, although these were reduced to the lowest possible point consistent with the actual work of the Society ; and we were obliged again to use a portion of the cash balance on hand at the beginning of the year. This account con- tinues to suffer from its obligation to contribute annually to the Carnegie Pension Fund. This year the amount due was $3,665. The Committee are only too glad to provide in this way for the safety of their employees, but the drain on their resources is nevertheless very great. This account is the one which occa- sions the most anxiety to your Committee, and nothing short of a considerable increase in membership, or in the Endowment Fund, will be of substantial assistance to this fund. As a result of these burdens on the Society’s resources the balance on hand at the close of the year was only $10,954.74, a sum even smaller than the balance of the previous year. “Sey UBOLIOULY 84} JO SuIsiet 9y} pepadead yeyy sasioaexe ey} SULInp Usepleyy UBITeI] 94} UI ssoippe Uv SuULJeAlfap ‘Ysno10g xuolg ‘jUepIselg ‘UOSMoaY}e Se[snoq “uof MUVd TVOINOTOOZ ‘LI6GT ‘TS HOUVW ‘AVG DNISIVY DWT ULOQUDS “Y UNI liq ydvibojoyd D UWOLY — TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT AT ANIMAL FUND. During the year the Board of Managers subscribed $9,000 towards the purchase of animals, and $1,780 were received from the other members of the Society in response to an appeal sent to them. It was necessary, however, to transfer $10,000 from the Privilege Department and $7,118.90 from the gate receipts to meet the requirements of this fund during the year. The subscribers to this fund during 1917 were: REC Vashi atm yWMeue ete Sk ese 1,250.00 brederickn Gs Bourne 22.4.2. 5) ee! 1,000.00 Menry.Meesihtordic 7 ee tS 1,000.00 Georgeult. Baker. 1,000.00 Mortimer vi: Sechiih 2. ke ee 1,000.00 Robertis) Brewster 02 1,000.00 A. Barton Hepburn ....... Dest d Aeaee LO 500.00 MGwardes. -elarkness, e002 ne 500.00 AIOE We CATNe PIC. nn. oe 500.00 Lispenard Stewart —.. Bar et OS 500.00 Charlies: Mh "Dieterich 300.00 GeonevenCuc@lark seer cal ee 250.00 eel VEORe em wees wel 250.00 William 6: Osrood Mield’... 2.2... 200.00 MOMS see OUNG es oo a 200.00 Miss Katherine DuBois). 2220042. 20. 100.00 VINE CONE: eee) BD) SY Oy Sie ets eA a ee 100.00 Newbold Edgar ...................... TNS Wa es 100.00 UE SAMKOLG, BAENES Shee en 100.00 Sania la Averys meee AO ee ey 100.00 Mrs George W. ihacher 200. 100.00 JaAmess WOUClAS iin ee a 100.00 Oeil Gerry gee tte eee 100.00 MiscellaneCOUS) ets) A 530.00 PING ell mie ciel Nepre bet es Le! $10,780.00 Thanks to this assistance, the Society was able to maintain its collections at full strength. There was a balance on hand of $16,463.03 on December 31, 1917. ENDOW MENT FUND. During the year Mr. Frank W. Kitching subscribed $10,- 329.16 to this fund. The balance of the legacy due under the 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY will of the late Mrs. Morris K. Jesup was also received viz.— $2,500, thus completing the full amount of this bequest of $25,000. In addition one Patron fee of $1,000 and $3,740 in Life Membership fees were added to this fund, making a total of $17,569.16 received during the year. The cash invested during the year was as follows: $9,000 Lehigh Valley Terminal 5% Bonds... $9,090.00 $3,000 Central Railroad of New Jersey 5% Bonds.......... 3,031.25 $7,000 United New Jersey R.R. & Canal 4% Bonds........... 6,230.00 $1,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Term. 4% Bondi hs So ise ce a Pe Te EY aaa epee 990.00 The Endowment Fund now amounts to $369,331.96. This fund is invested in securities yielding a net income at the aver- age rate of 4.25 per cent per annum. On December 31, 1917, there was an uninvested balance of $2,740.71 on hand. STOKES BIRD FUND. The income from this fund, which consists of $5,000 be- queathed to the Society by the late Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes, is devoted to the protection of bird life throughout the country. On January 1, 1917, there was a balance on hand of $58.54, and during the year income was received in the amount of $200. There were no expenditures during the year. The cash balance on hand December 31, 1917, was $258.54. CADWALADER ANIMAL FUND. This fund consists of the income from the fund of $20,000 bequeathed to the Society by the late John L. Cadwalader, which is available only for the purchase of animals for the Park. On January 1, 1917, there was a cash balance of $500. The income during the year amounted to $1,000, and there were no expendi- tures. This fund closes the year with a cash balance of $1,500. ART GALLERY FUND. A new and important canvas by Carl Rungius has. been completed, and is on exhibition in the Administration Building TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 49 at the Zoological Park. It is entitled “In the Days of the Bison Millions,” and depicts a herd of perhaps 250,000 bison quietly feeding on a rolling prairie covered with buffalo grass and sage brush in northwestern Wyoming with the Wind River Moun- tains in the background. The scene depicted would date back something over half a century. Another new painting depicts the rapidly disappearing Cali- fornia condor, the largest North American bird of prey. The picture is by R. Bruce Horsfall, and shows a gorge in the Sierras painted from studies made on the spot. The bird is life-size, and the canvas measures sixty by seventy-five inches. A number of paintings showing the color changes in trop- ical fishes at the Aquarium have been prepared for publication by the Zoological Society. Mr. H. B. Tschudy has illustrated five species, each exhibiting three to eight color phases. Mr. H. Murayama has illustrated eight species, with three to four color phases of each. Mr. Richard Deckert has illustrated two spe- cies, with three color phases of each. Mr. L. L. Mowbray has illustrated one species showing four phases of color. During the year subscriptions to the Art Gallery Fund were received in the amount of $3,750, which with the cash balance on hand January 1, 1917, of $6,764.92, made a total of $10,514.92 available for expenditure. The expenditures during the year amounted to $2,511.71, leaving a cash balance on hand Decem- ber 31, 1917, of $8,003.21. Subscriptions of $250 for 1917 to the Art Gallery Fund have been received from each of the following managers and friends: Edward S. Harkness, Cleveland H. Dodge, Mortimer L. Schiff, Ogden Mills, Frederick G. Bourne, George F. Baker, Lis- penard Stewart, Percy R. Pyne, Grant B. Schley, Charles F. Die- terich, Andrew Carnegie, Watson B.. Dickerman, George J. Gould, Frank K. Sturgis and Joseph McAleenan. TROPICAL RESEARCH FUND. During the year $5,250 were subscribed to this fund by the following managers: Cleveland Hes Dodvewe = se $1,000.00 Andrew, Carnegie — Se se. 1,000.00 50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY @.Ledyard, Blair 2 ee 1,000.00 Geor ce tGouild te eee ene 1,000.00 Mortimernvi: .sCiihin 2 se. meee ee 1,000.00 American Museum of Natural His- POWAY Osteen ert Oetunien tir eae Renae 250.00 $5,250.00 This amount, together with the balance on hand January 1, 1917, made $5,267.57 available for expenditure. The expenses amounted to $3,801.94, leaving a balance of $1,465.63 on hand on December 31, 1917. In view of the war conditions, it was decided not to send the expedition this year to South America. Mr. Beebe with one as- sistant, however, made a trip to British Guiana and brought back the property of the Society which had been left there. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. The only source of income for this fund are transfers made from the general Income Account of the Society, and private sub- scriptions. There were, however, no transfers made during the year, and only one subscription of $15 was received, from Mr. John J. Paul. This subscription, together with the balance on hand January 1, 1917, of $78.89, made a total of but $93.89 avail- able for expenditure. The expenditures amounted to $18.12, leaving a balance of $75.77 on hand December 31, 1917. The only acquisitions to the collection during the year were an Okapi head presented by the American Museum of Natural History, and a Black-faced Caribou presented by Dr. and Mrs. F. S. Gould, of Santa Barbara, California. WILD LIFE PROTECTION FUND. The expenditures against this fund during the year amount- ed to $86.59. The balance on hand January 1, 1917, was $729.- 30, and receipts in the amount of $226.30 have been received from the sale cf “Our Vanishing Wild Life.’”’ This fund closes the year with a cash balance of $869.01, due to the fact that the Society’s work in this field now is financed by the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 51 PUBLICATION FUND. The amount on hand January 1, 1917, was $6,000, and the only receipts were from the sale of ‘‘Tropical Wild Life,” by Beebe, Hartley and Howes, in the amount of $297. The balance on hand on December 31, 1917, was $1,075.40. HEADS AND HORNS MUSEUM. Mr. Henry D. Whitfield was appointed architect for the pro- posed Heads and Horns Museum, and after prolonged studies, preliminary plans for the building were adopted by the Com- mittee. Upon the proclamation of war, however, it was decided to postpone the construction of this building. A call was then issued for the subscriptions, and most of them have been re- ceived. They were immediately invested in Liberty Bonds. The principal and accumulated income from this fund will be used for the construction of the Museum as soon as building conditions be- come normal. Cash balance on hand December 31, 1917, was $138,983.62. NEW PHEASANT AVIARY. Col. Anthony R. Kuser presented to the Society, the steel work of a large pheasant aviary, in five sections. Two sections have been erected together, making a cage thirty by forty feet, for use as a flying cage for pheasants. This installation will be located immediately north of the existing Pheasant Aviary, and will contain a large collection of male golden and silver pheasants, so that the contrast between the plumage of these two species may be displayed to best advantage. The three remaining sections, thirty by sixty feet, will be erected on the space north of the Wild Fowl Pond, and will be devoted to an assemblage of breeding egrets and spoonbills. Two subscriptions of $200 have been re- ceived from Col. Anthony R. Kuser and Mr. Percy R. Pyne for this purpose, and $600 additional will be needed. The balance in the Pheasant Aviary Fund on hand Decem- ber 31, 1917, was $141.33. 52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY. The Library Fund is supported by transfers from the gen- eral Income Account of the Society. During the year, one such transfer was made, of $500, which with the balance of $295.29 on hand, January 1, 1917, made a total of $795.29 available for expenditure. Books. periodicals, pamphlets, etc., have been pur- chased to the extent of $357.49, and the account shows a balance of $437.80 on December 31, 1917. CARNEGIE PENSION FUND. The fund of $100,000 received from Mr. Andrew Carnegie, produced $4,335 during the year, and as the total annual contribu- tion of the Society to the drawing account was $8,000, the Socie- ty was obliged to make up out of its general Income Account, the deficit of $3,665. An additional sum of $150,000 is required to provide adequate relief for widows, for the permanence of the present pension plan, and to relieve the Society of this drain on its slender resources. During the year, the employees paid to the Pension Fund Income Account, $3,046.30. On December 31, 1917, there was a balance on hand in the drawing account of $37,625.71, of which $34,213.75 have been invested in quickly convertible securities, and $3,411.96 remains on deposit. PHEASANT MONOGRAPH. The delay in the completion of the Pheasant Monograph is due to war conditions, but the first volume is to be printed and made available during the current year. WAR SERVICE. During the year the following employees at the Park and Aquarium have joined the colors: Dr. W. Reid Blair, Veterinarian, Major, Veterinary Corps, U.S.A. Cyril Newman, Stock Accountant, 1st Class Yeoman, U.S.N. Howard Engeholm, Keeper, Private, U.S.A. Edward Reuter, Keeper, Private, U.S.A. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 53 Robert Sutcliffe, Clerk, Cadet, Non-flying section Aviation Corps, U.S.A. John Shea, Office Assistant, Private, Quartermaster Corps, U.S.A. Frank Doyle, Private, U.S.A. The Society has agreed to make up out of its own funds, the difference in pay received from the Government and that former- ly paid by the Society. The Zoological Park Guards, composed of employees at the Park, were organized at the Zoological Park, uniformed and were armed with rifles at the expense of the Society. These guards are part of the police force of this city, and can be relied on to assist in the maintainance of order. During the year a Red Cross Working Base was established in the Lion House, and turned out a large amount of woolen clothing for the army, with special reference to hospital uses. Two flag poles have been erected in the Zoological Park, one near the Rocking Stone Restaurant, and the other on Baird Court. EAST SIDE EXTENSION. During the year a law, known as the Mills Bill, authorizing the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to turn over to the Zoological Society lands lying to the east of the Park was enacted by the Legislature and is known as Chapter 455 of the Laws of 1917. A full text of this law is printed at the end of this volume. ANIMAL HOSPITAL. The Society had a large correspondence with the City during the year over the payment of the architect’s fee for the Animal Hospital. This matter was finally settled, however, on a basis satisfactory to all parties, by the return from the City of $790.- 94 advanced by the Society to the architect. 54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONSERVATION. During the year, the Society took part in the preservation of the Redwoods of California, and at a meeting of the Execu- tive Committee held on October 11, 1917, the following reso- lution was passed and forwarded to the proper authorities in California: Resolved, That the New York Zoological Society cordially endorses the proposed California State Reserve of the great grove of Redwoods known as the Bull Creek Flat grove on Elk River, California, and urges the Governor of California to secure proper legislation or executive action to provide for the permanent protection of these magnificent trees. There is reason to believe that this splendid stand of Red- woods will be ultimately set aside as a state reserve. RATTLESNAKE SERUM. Two hundred and fifty tubes of rattlesnake serum have been received from the Government of Brazil for the use of the United States Army. The Society has reciprocated by sending to Brazil a large collection of live rattlesnakes from Texas. ELEPHANT HOUSE DOOR. The African elephant, Khartoum, has increased rapidly in size and is beginning to show the vicious character of an adult male elephant. In order to provide against future contingencies a sliding door has been constructed in the Elephant House so that Khartoum can be transferred from one stall to another with- out danger. Under the authorization of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, $1,400 was transferred from the unex- pended balance originally appropriated for the Hospital Build- ing, and was used for this purpose. ELEPHANT HOUSE ROOF, NESBIT SUIT. During the month of February, 1917, the corporation Coun- sel notified the Society that the City had collected $2,250 from the Peoples Surety Company, surety for Nesbit and Company, contractors, for defective work on the roof of the Elephant House, making a total of $4,500 collected from Nesbit and Com- pany and their surety. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 5D PARK IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIRS. During the year, in addition to some smaller items, the entire exterior and interior cages of the Small-Mammal House have been reconstructed, from funds derived from gate receipts. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Department, under Dr. George S. Huntington, has continued to utilize the soft parts of such animals as have died during the year, while the skeletons and skins when in good condition have been sent to the American Museum of Natural History where they are utilized for exhibition purposes. FEDERAL TAXATION OF BEQUESTS. The Society joined with other institutions during the year in an effort to secure exemption from the federal tax on all be- quests to scientific institutions. While successful in obtaining a substantial modification of the Income Tax provision on gifts from income, they were unable to secure exemption from the Federal Inheritance Tax. This tax on bequests for scientific work is regarded by your Committee as a very serious blow to educational institutions and it is hoped that the severe require- ments of the present law will be modified in the near future. WILD LIFE PROTECTION. During the first half of 1917, great efforts were made to secure a number of new laws for the more thorough protection of game, and also to prevent valuable laws from being repealed. The renewed effort in the New York legislature, by Mr. Kasson, to repeal the famous “buck law” preventing the killing of female deer was defeated. The Migratory Bird treaty with Canada was ratified and signed by the two signatory powers, and a bill providing for its enforcement was at once introduced in Congress. Through the pressure of war measures, this bill and the Chamberlain game sanctuary bill were both laid aside until the end of 1917. A great effort was made in eighteen state legislatures in the West to secure laws providing long close seasons for upland 56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY game birds, especially grouse and quail and to secure better pro- tection for mountain sheep and deer. Many valuable results were secured in the form of new laws. RECEPTIONS. Reception at Aquartum.—The Annual Reception to mem- bers was held at the Aquarium on Monday evening, April 30, 1917, and was a great success. An attendance of about 400 was noted. Members of the Board of Managers and their wives acted as a Reception Committee. At the Zoological Park, Ladies’ Day and Members’ Day were consolidated and the joint meeting was held on Thursday, May 17, 1917. MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS, 1918. Annual Meeting of the Society: January 8, 1918, 8:30 P. M. Hotel Waldorf-Astoria. Meetings, Board of Managers: January 15, 1918, 3:00 P. M. May 16, 1918) 2:30 Pa Annual Meeting Park Meeting, Down Town Association. Preceded by Luncheon at i350 ve Annual Dinner, December 27, 1917, Courtesy of George F. Baker, Esq. Meetings, Executive Committee: January 10, 1918 May 9, 1918 February 14, 1918 June 13, 1918 March 14, 1918 October 10, 1918 April 11, 1918 November 14, 1918 December 12, 1918 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 57 Members’ Reception at Aquarium, 8230 Pe Me May 6, 1918: Members’ Day and Ladies’ Day at the Zoological Park, 3:00) P.M. May 16, fois: ELECTIONS. At the Annual Meeting of the Society in January, 1917, the following Managers were elected: Henry Fairfield Osborn, William Pierson Hamilton, William C. Church, Robert S. Brewster, Lispenard Stewart, Edward S. Harkness, Charles F. Dieterich, William B. Osgood Field, George F. Baker, A. Barton Hepburn, Grant B. Schley, William Woodward. Annual Dinner.—The Eighth Annual Dinner of the Board of Managers was held through the courtesy of Mr. C. Ledyard Blair, at his residence, 2 East 70th Street, New York City, on Thursday, February 1, 1917. Short addresses were made by Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn and Mr. Madison Grant. Mr. Ray- mond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles at the Zoological Park, gave an extremely interesting exhibition of moving pictures taken at the Zoological Park and in South Carolina. Spring Meeting.—The Spring Meeting of the Board of Man- agers was held in the Administration Building of the Zoological Park on Thursday, May 17, 1917, at 2:30 o’clock P. M. A lunch- eon in the Rocking Stone Restaurant at the Park was served at 130) o'clock. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. The Bronx Parkway Commission has made rapid progress during the year with improvements and has straightened and cleaned the river bed so as to drain swamp lands preparatory to the construction of the driveway through this parkway. This work and grading and planting operations were carried on at three points: White Plains, Scarsdale, and immediately adjoin- ing the Botanical Gardens. The work of raising the grade of Gun Hill Road by the City and the building of two bridges at 58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY this point will delay the completion of the lower end of the Park- way. The Commission has announced its policy of suspending construction during the war, but this great driveway is now an assured fact, and the water supply of the Zoological Park will be protected from pollution. AUDITING. Upon the authorization of your Committee, the auditors, Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, made another ex- amination of the system of receiving supplies at the Park dur- ing 1917 and reported thereon with certain recommendations which have been adopted. They are at present making the usual audit of the finances of the Society for the year, which is being greatly facilitated by the new system of checking the accounts quarterly. Their re- port, as well as that of the Auditing Committee, will immedi- ately follow the report of the Treasurer. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The relations with all departments and officials of the City’s government, and especially with the Park Department, have continued to be most cordial and your Committee are greatly indebted to these officials, as well as the members of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, for their support and co-opera- tion during the past year. The Directors of the Park and Aquarium and their respec- tive staffs, have been most zealous and energetic in the perform- ance of their duties and the Society enters upon this new year with the assurance of an ever increasing sphere of activity and usefulness. Respectfully submitted, MADISON GRANT, Chairman, PERCY R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. Extracts from the Minutes of the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society June 12, 1917 on the occasion of the Death of Cul. William Conant Church Resolved, That this Committee learns with deep regret of the death on the 23rd day of May, 1917, of the late William Conant Church, one of the founders of the Society, and a member of the Board of Managers since its organization. Col. Church was greatly devoted to the interests of the Society, and his loss will be greatly felt by his associates. Derember 13, 1917 on the occasion of the Death of Mr. Grant Barney Schley Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the Board of Man- agers expresses its profound regret on the death of the late Grant Barney Schley, a member of the Board of Managers, Class of 1920, on November 22, 1917. From a photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn ADULT FEMALE CHIMPANZEE This picture was included to show the tremendous muscular development of the arms, and the powerful hand. Her weight is about 1385 pounds. As the animal was used for exhibition purposes, the forearms and face were shaved. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. QO* all the institutions for objective education, none are more sensitive to the vicissitudes of war than zoological parks. The permanence of museum and art exhibits are at once the envy and the despair of vivarium zoologists. The perpetual recur- rence, in inexorable succession, of arrival, death and departure, renders life in a collection of living things a constant struggle for equilibrium. As a mechanical cut-off in the annual supply of live animals, a great war possesses boundless possibilities for mischief. At this moment the procuring of a giraffe from Africa would be almost as difficult as the obtaining of a live mammoth trom Alaska; for both are equally impossible. By impossibilities in transportation, the entire supply of African antelopes now is cut off, as completely as if Africa had sunk to the depths of the sea. At the same time, the world’s stock of antelopes is dimin- ishing by death. Strange to say, however, the annual West African output of chimpanzees continues to arrive, both in London and in New York; and occasionally a baby orang survives the voyage from Singapore. During the past vear (1917), the bird collections of the Zoo- logical Park have been kept quite up to high-water mark, for which the Assistant Curator of Birds, Mr. L. S. Crandall, is de- serving of great credit. His diligence in exploiting the live-bird market, far and near, is alone responsible for our high figures both in species (813) and in specimens (2,799). In the mammal collections no falling off worthy of mention has occurred; and in one direction a great success has been scored. We have brought together a collection of kangaroos that is so large and so rich in species that it appears to have only 62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY one rival, which is to be found in the celebrated Zoological Gar- den at Melbourne, Australia, under the direction of the distin- guished naturalist, Mr. W. H. D. LeSouef. That kangaroo col- lection is, according to all records, a zoological equivalent of our Own. The reptile collection has suffered somewhat in unreplacable losses of all world species; but at the same time it has gained in species from South America and Australasia. Fortunately our rarest species still are with us, and our giant tortoises seem to be indifferent to the flight of time. During the early summer of 1917, in order to make a test of the rationing system of the large mammals, the Director or- dered a horizontal reduction in the daily rations of the elephants, rhinoceroses, bears, lions, tigers and leopards. This reduction varied from 10 to 30 per cent, and it was hoped that the result might lead to a considerable permanent saving. The result was a complete failure. All the animals affected by it so quickly lost flesh and went out of condition that after four months the experiment had to be abandoned. The bears suffered most severely. They became emaciated, their coats be- came dull and lustreless, and they were in a constant state of irritability from unsatisfied hunger. We found that our rationing could not be appreciably re- duced; and it required three months to bring our animals back to their normal good condition. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. It is a satisfaction to be able to state that in Great Britain, France, Holland, Denmark and Spain, the zoological gardens have been firmly held together, and thus far have survived the strain of war remarkably well. Marvellous to relate, the Ant- werp Garden still is a “going concern,” but its scanty mainte- nance is derived from its amusement features rather than from the exhibtion of animals. Regarding the gardens of Germany and Austria there is no news; but in view of the awful scarcity of meat and forage, their condition easily can be imagined. At the close of the war it will be the bounden duty of all American zoological parks to do their utmost toward the re- stocking of the institutions of Belgium, France and England, TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 63 and American zoologists will do well to be thinking now of that task. Already the New York Zoological Society has taken defi- nite steps looking toward the rehabilitation of the collections of the Antwerp Gardens, just as soon as the Germans have evacu- ated Belgium. ATTENDANCE OF VISITORS. Quite contrary to our expectations, the attendance last year of visitors at the Zoological Park increased instead of diminished. The total for the year 1917 was 1,898,424, a gain over 1916 of 241,604. The total attendance at the Park for the eighteen years from 1900 to 1918 was 24,934,499. The monthly figures for 1917 were as follows: Suey 1916 eu Ve oe oe ee es 74,238 67,129 Mebnuary ees. =e 83,353 38,791 UIT cyl Siac BO ee 89,853 79,645 TNT OVE ag Sete ete ca 208,723 175,002 JU LIN As ee eet AO ces 195,859 233,425 “luna Vey ee tear te ered ete 263,912 170,582 SU eee Roe es Ss. 246,944 235,873 AICUST 2 ee 250,050 185,965 September —..25. a. 216,267 175,934 October eee 131,467 143,948 November .3 108,421 84,712 December ............ ye ea 29,337 65,814 1,898,424 1,656,820 WAR ACTIVITIES AT THE-PARK. In several ways the Park force has been drawn into activi- ties connected with or contributing to the war. Military Company of the Zoological Park.—Immediately after the declaration of war, it was decided to form in the Zoo- logical Park a military company, incidentally for the defense of the Zoological Park against possible riots, but chiefly as a contri- bution to the defense of the city of New York and its vicinity. In accordance with this purpose, 48 picked men of the Zoological Park forces were organized as Company A of the Zoological Park 64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Guards, with the following officers: R. L. Ditmars, Captain; W. Reid Blair, 1st Lieutenant; W. I. Mitchell, 2d Lieutenant; Charles B. Gleason, 1st Sergeant; Charles E. Snyder, Quarter- master Sergeant; John Rose, 2d Sergeant; Stephen Beebe, Color Sergeant. The Company was immediately uniformed, equipped, and armed with Springfield carbines, at the expense of the Zoological Society ; and even at this date it is the only company of the Home Defense League of New York City which is armed with rifles. The drilling of the Company was promptly taken in hand by Capt. John levers, of the 68th precinct of the New York Police Department, and by him, and with the assistance of members of his staff, the Company was drilled to a high state of efficiency. The Company made its first appearance in public on Mem- bers’ Day, at which time it was presented by the Executive Com- mittee of the Society with a national flag. Through the enterprise and energy of Captain Ditmars, ebly assisted by Mr. I. Richker, of Yonkers, the Zoological Society acquired vested rights in the rifle range of the Yonkers Rifle Club, situated within convenient distance of the Zoological Park. Throughout the summer the members of Company A were taken, on two days of each week, to the rifle range for rifle practice at ranges of 100 and 200 yards. Excellent results were secured, and the men of the Company were made thoroughly familiar with their weapons. The marksmanship finally attained by the mem- bers of the Company was highly gratifying. At the approach of winter, the Zoological Park Company was supplied by the city with heavy winter overcoats, and there- by still further became officially recognized as a part of the police reserve force created for the more thorough protection of New York during the war. Naturally, the presence of this force of armed men in the Zoological Park, subject to the call of the Captain of the 68th Precinct, is a satisfaction both to the Police Department and to the Zoological Society. Since the formation of the Company, several of its members have taken their places in the regular army of the United States, leaving vacancies which must be filled at an early date. A com- plete roster of the Company, as originally enrolled, is as follows; TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 65 and the asterisks indicate the officers and men who are now in the service of the United States. ZOOLOGICAL PARK GUARDS, COMPANY A. Raymond L. Ditmars, Captain. Wm. I. Mitchell. 1st Lieut. *W. Reid Blair, 2nd Lieut. Fred McTaggart, Ist Sergt. Stephen Beebe, 2nd Lieut. John J. Rossa, 2nd Sergt. Richard Spicer, Color Sergt. Chas. E. Snyder, Quartermaster Seregt. Corporals. Herbert Atkins Ernest Banks John Toomey Elliot King Privates. Banks, Ernest Kiefer, Theo. *Newman, C. J. *Carter, Donald Kress, Geo. Palmer, Geo. Dennin, Chas. Lansburg, Max Romanoff, Peter *Doyle, Frank Marburger, Peter Quigley, Jas. *Kngeholm, Howard McBride, Wm. *Reuter, Edw. Ferguson, A. McCarthy, T. J. Richards, R. Flood, Wm. MecGivney, A. Reilly, J. J. Fox, Edward Miller, George Rose, Wm. Ganz, Nicholas Mucha, Wm. Schlosser, D. Heeb, Frank Muir, Bert Skene, Geo. Kaiser, Joseph Muir, Lochart Spicer, Richard Kelly, Patrick Thuman, Walter Zoological Park Defense Committee.—The Chief Clerk, as Secretary, and the Cashier as Treasurer of the Zoological Park Defense Committee, have to the extent of their ability aided and co-operated in all the activities of this Committee. A Red Cross desk was maintained in connection with the Working Red Cross Base at the Lion House, in charge of ladies volunteering for the service. The young women employed in the Chief Clerk’s office, Ga TaWassv LSadld SV SGUVND WUVd TVOIDOTOOZ GaTIud GNV GadddINOU SGUVND MUVd TVOIDOTIOOZ ULOQUDS “Y uni” fiq ydpiGoj0yd D WoOLY zh Seon evens 68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY including Mr. Sanborn’s assistant, Miss Newman, took turns at that desk on Sundays and holidays. Red Cross memberships were solicited, as well as contributions for the purpose of purchasing materials for supphes made by the volunteer workers. One hun- dred and seventy-one memberships were obtained, and cash con- tributions were secured to a total of nearly four hundred dollars. The Financial Statement of the Defense Fund follows. Owing to the absence of Mr. Beerbower, Chairman of the Committee on Red Cross labor, we append a brief statement of large subscrip- tions obtained, and of work accomplished by volunteer workers, who have been most faithful in their attendance at the Working Base, in the Lion House. FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE Zootocican Park Drrense ComMMIT TEE, FOR THE YEAR 1917. RECEIPTS WOWammis LESS ope LES TAU OPM cece tee eect cena ce asenn onic arene meee $250.00 TRTECSTAVGIS OE. INSTI, VECO ON Opec cc Senora tere eee 250.00 Cleveland H. Dodge 100.00 Frederick G. Bourne 50.00 Wines Ose oode tie] cd teeeers ee 20.00 Lispenard Stewart ....... 100.00 Wi lPayeei av ere. Lig, CUO E e eeo eoele oer error 100.00 TD Ye 1 aerate: TBR MINUTOS, eee ee rere cect oe ore creceentrmmcemeerec 100.00 George C. Clark 50.00 ele Vite AD Om! oe el Ae ee aes 50.00 Frank K. Sturgis ..... 100.00 Henry F. Osborn 25.00 Percy Be Py ee cence nen recente 150.00 NY, LBS LD NCE eae rece cn re rere 100.00 Harvey A. Varn Cott anna neces certnennmnnntntnmtnttctnnemnnnere es 25.00 (reyes IN TRUE HUnL AVE ECG UE ee cee ea ree earreemeoeEE 50.00 Ne V2 UD ese (CLO ete ter cen meee ee 50.00 Solomon Lipman 20.00 John PAE xritis eee ee ae ee 25.00 C. Rupert & Son 25.00 FED ]is S. DOS@ QB ne eceececenccceeceeeceetentntneentncenenennenentenenctnnneaneae Pea eciteteenee ere 20.00 $1,660.00 Zoological Park OfFicers a nneeecececceecrceceecincintstnennrnsttnentstnesennenestemnnmnee 270.00 Miscellaneous Collections at Lior House on. enecessenesssnsctinsseemnereemnseeameeetes 395.51 $2,325.51 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 69 EXPENDITURES edie @rosSmmmatertasi sete en fe ees cere neers es eee eee Fordham’ Hospital Unit —...... Sewing Machines purchased Sewineeviachmeserented! 65.5.0)... yee) te ees RUE AED CE COTA OM Ss el Cone eee eee ieee eee ee one ene 150.72 Mis cell ane OWS RSE MS CS jy ee se eee ere eee ee et rere 8.23 1,492.49 Baniceb alancessJalmary, Uy. 1 GG tee eek ee acces tee etter rere 833.02 $2,325.51 Correct. Winiiam MircHeE.LL, Treasurer. Red Cross Working Base.—The first step was the develop- ment of a Red Cross working base, in the Lion House, under the direction of the American Red Cross Service. A platform 90 feet long and 12 feet wide was erected over a portion of the pub- lic space, on which were installed 16 Singer sewing machines and a series of tables. The labor was all volunteered, by the women of northern New York City and its environs, and the work was performed under the direction of Mrs. J. B. Turk, Mrs. Bernard McEnroe, Mrs. H. Raymond Mitchell and Mrs. H. W. Merkel. This working force was devoted solely to the making of garments, chiefly woolen pajamas, jackets, bath robes and slippers. List or Rep Cross Suprries Mape ar tHe Worxine Base av tHe Lion House tro December 31, 1917. GENERAL ARTICLES Ried @ roses (Cap rr cosine te eee eee 35 VEC Ce OSS ee NG tO 1S eerste ene ee 93 SIDE KT ks TSAUN CAS as eee eer 158 Be 419 pairs TEsiINY cost © NS CS ee wr ev eect em rene esse Sr ececeeecereoe 267 ConwallesCe nite EO eS ieee 110 Waiter aloe © OV. CIS peer ae eee ea eee eee 61 VEVEMNE {SU O OYE) accesses wet tnerersnes Sate nd ttt rea ee 24 pairs KNITTED ARTICLES SW GAOT acre eer ee eee oor nl EE pe eran ae 20 INQ Yt Cb hope A a a re rer 20 Fle in CES sens ee cee ere Raa etc eran rs me Stan tan Wt Warisieletcauees = Zonpairs Bed Socks . Se ulspauns ISO CIS cer wee elec el ea eee Tes 2) Lom pains acer Cloth se cates eee ee ee Oe ee UU : he From photographs by Elwin R. Sanborn FLYING MAMMALS FROM OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE GLOBE The upper picture is our common Flying Squirrel and the lower, the Flying Phalanger of Australia. There is a marked similarity of the flying membrane. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT el In addition to the above, thirty-nine large packing cases for shipping Red Cross materials were made in our shops; the car- penters volunteering to do the work after hours. The materials for twenty-four of these were paid for by the Bronx Chapter of the Red Cross and the remainder from the Zoological Park Defense Fund. Flag Raising.—On March 31 a flag-raising ceremony took place at the north end of Baird Court. The occasion was utilized as an opportunity to make a trial mobilization of the Boy Scouts of the Bronx, and on six hours’ notice about 900 Scouts assem- bled in uniform. A patriotic address was delivered by Hon. Douglas Mathewson, Borough President, which was followed by an address from the Director of the Park. The music for the occasion was kindly furnished by the Catholic Protectory Band, and the national colors were hoisted on a flag-staff 55 feet high, situated on the axis of Baird Court, midway between the en- trances of the Administration Building and the Tropical Bird House. War Crops.—In view of the high and ever-increasing cost of animal food, every quarter-acre of land in the Zoological Park that could with propriety be spared for agricultural purposes was plowed and planted. A large section of the Elk Range, a Wild Horse Range, a glade in the forest and new grounds at the Nursery were planted in corn for green fodder, beets, turnips, potatoes, lettuce, sunflower and carrots, and carefully cultivated. The results were in the main very satisfactory, but on some of the ground the crops of the second year will naturally be bet- ter than those of the first. It is roughly estimated that our farm- ing operations effected a saving of about $2,500. DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS. W. 'T. Hornaday, Curator; R. L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator. Notwithstanding the well-nigh complete stoppage of wild animal importations from Europe and Asia, our Zoological Park collections have been fully maintained, both in species and in specimens. The census at the close of the year 1917 shows a loss of only three species and seven specimens. The losses that oc- curred by death have been made good by rich collections received from Australia and South Africa. (2 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The chief event of the year was the receipt of another col- lection from Australasia, brought by Mr. Ellis S. Joseph, and even surpassing the collection delivered by him in 1916. On July 16, we received from this source the following: 1 thylacine, 3 hyrax, 2 water mongoose, 1 echidna, 2 rabbit-eared bandicoots, 3 West Australian rat kangaroos, 1 tree kangaroo, 3 yellow- footed rock wallabies, 3 Woodward kangaroos, 1 wallaroo, 1 brush-tailed wallaby, 2 short-tailed wallabies, 1 Paddy-mellen wallaby, 2 rufous-necked wallabies, 2 Tasmanian black phalan- gers, 6 common phalangers, 3 dusky phalangers, 3 gray phalan- gers, 4 opossum mice, 3 Papuan flying phalangers, 1 Australian flying phalanger and 3 Australian water rats. Next in importance to the above was the arrival of Mr. J. Alden Loring from South Africa on January 3 with a mixed col- lection of mammals, birds and reptiles for the joint benefit of the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, the National Zoological Park at Washington and our own institution. This initial under- taking, made solely on account of the war and the stoppage of our regular wild animal trade between Africa and Europe, was regarded merely as the first of a continuous series of efforts in Africa. While the expedition was very hastily set on foot and dispatched, Mr. Loring worked in Africa with such intelligence and diligence that in spite of all difficulties he brought together a collection that very nearly paid the expenses of the effort, fig- ured on a basis of the regular market prices of wild animals here in New York. The wild-animal proceeds of the expedition were equitably divided between the three institutions which were jointly con- cerned, and the New York Zoological Society received the fol- lowing: 1 golden baboon, 4 green monkeys, 1 vervet monkey, 2 meerkats, 2 crested porcupines, 2 brush-tailed wallabies, 1 ring- tailed wallaby, 1 beisa antelope, 1 nylghai, 1 blessbok, 4 spring- boks, 1 white-tailed gnu and 2 duiker antelope. One of the best results of Mr. Loring’s visit to Africa was the establishing of close relations with the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa at Pretoria, of which Dr. A. Haagner is the Director. It is now absolutely certain that the relations established between us and the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa will result in great benefit for all four institutions concerned. Dr. Haagner is now diligently bringing together a collection of rare animals, to be held at Pretoria at our expense for maintenance until the close of the war, when it will promptly TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 73 be shipped to New York. We entertain the hope that it will be possible for Mr. Haagner to pay a visit to America in connection with the transportation of the shipment that is now being col- lected. If he comes to America we will endeavor to see that he does not return empty-handed to his zoological park. The hurried and brief visit of Mr. William Beebe to British Guiana in September and October yielded for the Zoological Park a fine young tapir, a spotted cavy, and the beautiful silky ant- eater fully described and illustrated by Mr. Beebe in the Zoo- logical Society Bulletin for January, 1918. Among the miscellaneous purchases of the year the follow- ing are worthy of mention: 2 Japanese red-faced monkeys, 1 chimpanzee, 1 chacma baboon, 1 golden baboon, 2 yaguarundi cats, 2 South American martens, 4 red foxes, 2 ocelots, 1 coyote, 1 South American fox, 1 bay lynx, 5 spotted cavies, 1 tree porcu- pine, 1 tayra, 1 great ant-eater 2 Lund’s opossums and 3 mule deer. The desire of regiments in the American army to possess and transport to France regimental mascots resulted in a general prohibition of mascot exportation, and the presentation to the Zoological Park of a number of specimens. Through this chan- nel we received, as company or regimental gifts, 4 young black bears, 2 young cinnamon bears and a young goat that had made a trial trip of 700 miles in an aeroplane. Among other gifts re- ceived were 3 macaque monkeys, 1 rhesus monkey, 2 white-faced sapajous, 1 Canada porcupine, 5 common raccoons, 1 crab-eating raccoon, 2 coyotes, 1 coati mundi, 2 red foxes and 1 Mexican deer. The most noteworthy gift of the year consisted of 2 black-faced kangaroos and 2 Woodward kangaroos presented by Mr. Ellis S. Joseph. The following is a list of the births during 1917: 4 Axis Deer 7 Himalayan Tahr 3 Elk 3 Aoudad 2 Virginia Deer 2 Mouflion 6 Red Deer 1 Eland 1 Eld’s Deer 3 Buffalo 1 Sambar Deer i Yak 3 Fallow Deer 1 Grant Zebra 3 Hog Deer 5 Gray Wolves 2 Barasingha Deer 2 Cape Hyrax 1 Sika Deer 74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The following animals were sold during 1917: 1 Barasingha deer, 1 red deer. 4 Axis deer, 2 elk, 4 Virginia deer, 12 Hima- layan tahr, 8 prairie dogs, 2 timber wolves, 9 raccoons, 2 opos- sums, 1 macaque monkey, 2 Prjevalsky horses and 2 yaks. Deaths: Following is a list of important deaths during NOM: Tree kangaroo, puma, Yezo bear, three sea lions, black-faced chimpanzee, orang-utan, African porcupine, duicker deer, sina- loa deer, hangul deer, Rocky Mountain goat, sable antelope, bea- trix antelope, Speke sitatunga, white-bearded gnu, European bison, beisa antelope, Persian wild ass and Chapman zebra. -A census of the collection of mammals compiled on Decem- ber 31, 1917, is as follows: Species. Specimens. Marsupialia< 2s ie tere tee ametnces [pa ee 26 58 ] Eo eka a2 1 ae Ree sen tae Mes co om cee re MTN