ot HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 13,460 Cchange Toember OE (943. NOV 27 1923 wh 4% . d £0) 7 Py. aaa eit We “usoquesg “y UIM[Y Aq Yderisojoygd ‘Y4AIq Jaqye sAvp aUuO0-AjIIY} VpeUr seM YdeIsojJOYd oY, ded ul pioder 4SA1Y OY} SI Jl pue ‘[eUIIUe [NJ4topUOM puUe a1B1 AOA SIYY JO YAVT [BOIBO[OOZ By} UI UOG UBUIIDads puUOdeS au, SOWVLOdOddIH ANWDAdT ONNOA TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK): ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY 19°20 NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY JANUARY, 1921 COPYRIGHT 1921, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CLARK & FRITTS PRINTERS NEW YORK CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY COMMITTEES Auditing Committee . Heads and Horns Museum iBunldine @ommm ries ; Aquarium Alteration Committee Art Committee Editorial Committee Aquarium Committee EXECUTIVE STAFF Officers of the Zoological Park Officers of the Aquarium i Officers of the Tropical Heceanch Station : MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY Honorary Members Feilows Corresponding Members Benefactors Founders in Parnetuity Founders Associate Founders Patrons Life Members Sustaining Members Annual Members Ladies Auxiliary Summary of Membership 3 REPORT OF THE E}XECUTIVE COMMITTEE OBITUARY . REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: PARK RECORD OF ARRIVALS AND SPECIES REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD . TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION REPORT OF THE PROSECTOR REPORT OF THE PATHOLOGIST CONTENTS—Continued. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM TREASURER’S REPORTS Income Account . Maintenance Fund Animal Fund Stokes Bird Fund Heads and Horns Fund Library Fund ; Aquarium Maintenance mand Endowment Fund : Endowment Income Account Cadwalader Animal Fund . Wild Life Fund é Improvement and Repair Necouut Carnegie Pension Fund Pension Fund Income Account Tropical Research Fund Art Gallery Fund Publication Fund : Heads and Horns Building Ftvan Special Maintenance Fund . Sage Endowment Fund Sage Endowment Fund Income A-count AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT AUDIT COMMITTEE’S REPORT LIST OF ACCESSIONS Zoological Park . Aquarium . DOCUMENTS Articles of Incorporation By-Laws INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS YOUNG PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS . : F ; Frontispiece CHAPMAN-BURCHELL ZEBRAS . : ; : : : 40 POLAR BEAR “SILVER KING” : 4 Q : ‘ 56 ALBINO INDIAN PEACOCK . 2 : ; : : : 62 MOUNTAIN ZEBRA. : 5 ; : 3 : : 66 MALE MusK-OXx ; ; : : : ; f : We BLACKBIRDS’ CAGE. ; : : 3 : ; ; 90 WILD BOAR FROM AFRICA . é ; ; : : + UW) COLUMBIAN BLACK-TAILED DEER : : : : 2 1108 TAKING SKIN TEMPERATURES . ; ; : : 1 120 SAND FISH : : : ; ‘ 5 ; : ~ 124 THE SEAHORSE . : : ‘ ‘ ‘ ; : ~ 2s THE BOW OF THE SEAHORSE : : ‘ : : oe tZs THE AQUARIUM IN 1892 . ‘ 3 : P 2 eemelicsil: THE AQUARIUM AS IT IS TO-DAY : : = albu BUST OF JENNY LIND : ; : 5 : ; 5 hav! New York Zonlogical Society General Office, 111 Broadway, New York City Board of Managers { THE MAYOR, of the City of New York. Ex-officio: - ; t | THE PRESIDENT, Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. CEASS ORel922 PERCY R. PYNE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, I"REDERIC C. WALCOTT, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, BEEKMAN WINTHROP. EMERSON MCMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, W. REDMOND Cross, CEASS OF 1923 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, EDWARD 8S. HARKNESS, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM B. OSGOOD FIELD, CHARLES F.. DIETERICH, A. BARTON HEPBURN, GEORGE F’. BAKER, WILLIAM WOODWARD, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, EDWIN THORNE, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, PERCY A. ROCKEFELLER. CLASS OF 1924 MADISON GRANT, LEWIS RUTHERFURD Morris. WILLIAM WHITE NILES, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, K. C. CONVERSE. FRANK K. STURGIS, GEORGE D. PRATT, GEORGE J. GOULD, T. COLEMAN DU PONT, OGDEN MILLS, HENRY D. WHITON, Officers of the Society President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: MADISON GRANT. FRANK K. STURGIS. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 111 Broadway. Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place. Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY. Executive Commitirer MADISON GRANT, Chairman. PERCY R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, A. BARTON HEPBURN, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. General Officers WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director, Zoological Park. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director, New York Aquarium. GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector. GEORGE A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist. C. GRANT LA FARGE, Architect. H. DE B. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer. 4 R. L. CERERO, Bursar. Pension Board WILLIAM PIERSON HAMILTON, Chairman. PERCY R. PYNE, Treasurer. Dr. LEWIS R. Morris, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, H. R. MITCHELL, WILLIAM B. OSGooD FIELD W. REID BLAIR, HERMANN W. MERKEL, Secretary. Committers of the Soriety Anditing Commitier WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman. LISPENARD STEWARD, ANTHONY R. KUSER. Geads and Gorns Museum Building Committee FRANK K. STURGIS, Chairman. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, MADISON GRANT, Ex-Officio. Aquarium Alteration Committee FRANK K. Sturacis, Chairman. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, MADISON GRANT, Ex-Officio. Art Gunmitter FRANK K. STuRGIS, Chairman. WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY Enditurial Committee HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. Aquarium Conunitter CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman CHARLES L. BRISTOL, JOHN T. NICHOLS, BASHFORD DEAN, K. W. GUDGER, G. K. NOBLE. ZExerutiue Staif Officers of the Zoological Park WILLIAM T. HorNapDaAyY, Director and General Curator. H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles. LEE 8. CRANDALL, Curator of Birds. WILLIAM BEEBE, Honorary Curator of Birds. W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. ISLWIN IR. SANBORN, Photographer and lWditor. Officers of the Ayuarimn CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. ROBERT J. LANIER, Assistant. CHARLES M. BREDER, JR., Aquarist. JAMES C. MOORE, Chief Engineer. IDA M. MELLEN, Secretary. STERLING A. CALLISEN, Clerk. Officers of the Cropical Research Station WILLIAM BEEBE, Director. JOHN TKE-VAN, Assistant. INNES HARTLEY, ALFRED EMERSON, J. F. M. FLOYD, Research Associates. CLIFFORD POPE, Research Assistant. ISABEL COOPER, MABEL SATTERLEE, Artists. WINIFRED J. EMERSON, Laboratory Assistant. THOMAS SMOLUCHA, Photographer. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Sorivty January 1, 1921 Gonorary Members *Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, “Sin Wiiti1amw FLower, Dr. J. A. ALLEN, *Dr. EF. L’ Horst, Tue Dvuxe or Brprorp, K.G.,F.R.S., *Sir Epmunp Loner, Barr., Herr. F. EK. Biaauw, *ArtTituk Erwin Brown, Dr. Frank M. Cuarman, *Dr. Daniet Giraup ELLioT, Barzour, Tomas, BEEBE, WILLIAM, *Bickmore, Pror. Auserr S., Briain, Dr. W. Rein, Bristor, Pror. Cuarres L., Brooxs, Dr. Harrow, CaxLkins, Pror. Gary N., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., Crannal.z, Ler S., Davenrort, Dr. Cuartes B., Dean, Dr. Basiirorn, Dirmars, R. L., Dotrcner, WriLiiaM, Grant, Manpison, Grecory, Dr. WitiiaMm K., GRrinNELL, Georce B., Gupcer, Pror. E. W., Hartitey, G. INNEss, Dr. C. Harr Merriam, *Tre Rr. Hon. Lorn Roruscuivp, F.R.S. *Dr. Puinie LurLtey ScLater, H. S. H. Apert, Prince or Monaco. Fellows + Hornapay, Dr. Wm. T., Huntincton, Dr. Georce S., LLanc, Herpert, ler, Pror. Freperic S., Lucas, Dr. Freneric A., Mac Carium, Dr. Georce A., MartrHuew, Dr. W. D., Mayer, Atrrep G., MerkeL, Hermann, W., Morcan, Pror. Tuomas H., Osporn, Pror. Henry Farrriexp, Osburn, Dr. Raymonn C., Scuttre, Pror. H. vonW., Scorr, Dr. Grorce G., Stton, Ernest THompson, SrreELpDoN, CiraR_ts, Strockarp, Dr. Cuartes R., TownsEND, Dr. Cuartes H., Corresponding Members Dexacour, Lieut. JEAN, Fernanpes, B. A., Gitrepper, T. P., GittesprE, T. H., Jounston, Sir Harry H., LreSover, W. H. Dun ey, Mittwarp, Russert Hastings, SturTEVANT, Lieut. C. G., Tyrwuitt-DrakeE, G. +The qualifications for this class rest solely upon scientific achievement. * DECEASED 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Beurfactors Baken, Geonce F., SMOUGANG | lei ises *CARNEGIE, ANDREW, RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM, Dopce, CLeveranp H., *ScuirF, Jacos H., *CaDWALADER, JoHN L., ‘Tuompson, Mrs, Frepergicx F., Kuser, Cor. Anruony R., *THORNE, SAMUEL, Hounders in Perpetuity *Bourne, Freperick G., Miutis, Ocven, “Barney, Cuarzes T., *Morron, Hon. Levi P., Canrneciz, Mrs. Anprew, Georce, D. Prarr Converse, E. C., Pyne, Percy R., Dierericu, Cuartes F., Rosinson, NEtson, Goutp, Georce J., RocKxrre ter, JoHN D., Harkness, Epwarp S., RockKEFELLER, JoHN D., JR., “Hinz, James J., *Sace, Mrs. Russe, Kircumnc, Mrs. Frank W., Scuirr, Mortimer L., *KircHinc, Frank W., Srewart, Lispenanrn, Mackay, Crarence H., Taytor, Henry A. C., McMriuin, Emerson, *THorneE, Miss Puorsr ANNA, *Wuitney, Hon. Wit11aM C., Hounders *ARCHBOLD, JoHN D., *Payne, Cox. Oniver H., Avery, SAMUEL P., *Prrkins, Greorce W., *Barnes, JouN S., Raney, Pau J., Berwinp, Epwarp J., *ScHERMERHORN, F, AvucGustrus, Briain, C. Lepyarp, *ScuHLEy, Grant B., Brewster, Roserr S., Surparp, Mrs. Finury J., *CisHorm, Hucu J., *SLOANE, Wititiam D., *Crark, Grorce Crawronrp, *Sroxes, Miss Caronine Preves, *“Donce, Wiii1aMm E., Sruneis, Frank K., *GoELET, Robert, Trevor, Miss Emity, Huntincton, Arcuer M., Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., *Huntineton, C. P., *V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, *Nespirr, Abram G., * VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., *OTTENDORFER, Oswaxp, Woop, Mrs. Antornrtre Eno, Assoriate Founders *Bascocx, SaAMuEL D., *Sciuuyter, Puirip, *Canrer, James C., *Scnuyier, Mrs. Puiie, *Crocker, GrorcE, Struncis, Mrs. Frank K,, *peRwam, H. Casimi, Trrorneg, Enwin, Dickerman, Watson B., TrorneE, JoeL W., *Jesup, Mornis K.., Tuorne, SAMUEL, JR, Ostorn, Pror. Henry Fairriep, Tirrany & Company, *“RHINELANDER, Miss Serena, Tsaper, Mrs. Marcaret T., VANDERBILT, CorNELIUS, * DECEASED. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 15 *ArRNOLD, Hicks, Avucuinctioss, Mrs. Hueu D., Barney, JAMEs W., *Buiss, Cornetius N., *Buiss, Georce T., *Bronson, Encar BEEecHer, Crank, Mrs. Grorce Crawrorp, *CoNSTABLE, FREDERICK A., *Coox, Henry H., DE LuciNGE, PRINCEss, Eqnret, GEorce, *Frower, Roswe tu P., Forp, JaMEs B., *Forp, J. Howarp, *GouLp, Epwin, JR., Hamitton, WILLIAM Pierson, *HarkKNEss, CHartes W., Harrison, GeorceE L., JR., Hawkes, Mrs. McDoveatt, *“HWavemMeyer, Henry O., *“HavemMeEyerR, WitiiaM F., *Hewitr, Asram S., *HorrMan, Very Rev. FE. A., Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T., House, Epwarp J., *TIsELIN, ADRIAN, *James, D. WI11Is, JamMeEs, NorMAn, James, Dr. Watter B., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., *Lewis, Mrs. Georcr Patrons Mayer, ALFrep G., McALEENAN, JOSEPH A., Morkis, NEwsBo.p, *Mornris, A. NEWBOLD, *Morris, Mrs. A. NEWBOLD, Osporn, WILLIAM CHURCH, *Ossporn, Mrs. Wituiam H., Pau, JoHN J,, *Poor, Henry W., *Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., RoEBLING, JoHN A.,, Ryan, Tuomas F., *ScHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., *SELIGMAN, Isaac NEwTon, *SenrF, Cuaries H. Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *SrICKNEY, JOSEPH, Taytor, JAMEs B., JR., TuorneE, Francis B., TuHorneE, Henry S., Tuorne, Lanpon K., Trorne, Mrs. SAMUvEt, Tuorne, S. BrincKERHOFF, Trorne, Vicror C., MEORNE We Vids: *T HORNE, WILLIAM, *TitForn, H. M., *Twomsiy, H. McK., *Von Post, HERMAN C.. *Wess, Wii11aM H., *Wotrr, A., Witney, Harry, Apvams, Epwarp Dean, Acnew, Cornetius R., AGnew, Georce B., Axetey, Cart E., ANDREWS, ConsTANnT A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, Armour, ALLison V., ARNOLD, Epwarp W. C., *AucHINncLoss, Hucu D., Ba.pwINn, JosePu C., Jr., *BaLLANTINE, Roserr F., Barzour, THomas, *Barzsour, WILLIAM, Baker, Georce F. Jr., Baxer, H. Martyn, Batriarp, Miss Rosamonn, *Baritypt, Mrs. P. Hacxtey, *Banrnes, Miss Cora F., Barnes, J. SANForD, Barucu, Bernarp M., Lite Members Bates, Mrs. H. Roswett, BEEBE, WILLIAM, BeerBowenr. Geo. M., *Beit, Mrs. C. M., Bett, Gorpon Knox, BetmMont, Avcust, BEeMENT, Epwanp, Betts, SAMUEL Rossiter, Binns, WALTER, Biro, CuarLes SuMNER, Bisuop, Heser ReEGINALp, *BiacKrorD, EKuGcEene G., Buair, Dr. W. Rei, Buiss, Mrs. Roserr W., *Briopcetr, WiILLi1am TiLpon, *Boxupt, Grorce C., *Bonp, Franx S., Booty, Wiii1am H., Bourne, GEoRGE, Bourne, Georce G., *DECEASED, 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Bourne, Miss Marion C., Rounry, I.ouis J., *Bownpoin, Georce S., *Bowpoin, [TremMr.e, Bowman, Joun McE., Braviey, J. R., Braman, Cuesrer A., Brestenracu, M. J., Brewster, Frepericx I*., BrinsMADE, Cuaries IyMAn, Brown, Georce McKessen, *Bruce, Miss Matitpa W., Bucu, Miss Eminy, Burpen, Henry, 2Nnp., Burwercit, Georcre W., Burr, Winrirmop, Burrace, Rear Apmirat, Guy H., BusHNELL, JOSEPH, Burrer, Winuiam Mix, *CAMMANN, Georce P., Camp, Huei N., *CaANFIELD, Ricuarp A., CaAULDWELL, Dr. Crrartes MILBANK, Cerero, R. I.., CuAN Ler, WINTIIROP, Cuarin, Craries M., Cuapin, Curster W., Cuist0oLtm, Hucu J., Jir., *“Cuunrcu, EK. Dwicnt, CuourcH, Frepertck F., Cuurcu, Mrs. Neti E., CuurcH, WILLARD, *Cuurcu, Witittam Conant, Ciark, F. Amsprose, Crark, Grorce C., Crarkson, BAnyEr, Crose, Epwarp B., Coz, Wittiam R., Corrry, Cuarres A., Coxeate, WILLIAM, *CoLiier, ROBERT J., *Cotiorp, Grorce W., *Cottorp, Mrs. Greorce W., Coutt, SAMUEL P., Connon, T. G., ConstTaBLe, Mrs. Frepericx A., *ConyNGuaM, WiiiaAM I.., “Corone, (C5 Abs Coover, Mrs. Craries W., *CoRNING, JOHN J., Cory, Dantet W., *Coxr, Davies, *CRANE, ZENAS, Crane, Z. MarsHatt, *CrimMINS, JoHN D., (Gunns, (Cs (G5 Dana, Cuartrers A., Davies, H. A. B. *Davis, EK. W., Davis, JOHN W. A., Davis, Witii1am T., *“peCorret, Kpwarp J., DEERING, C1ItaRLes, DeForest, Henry W., DEerrz ViRsseCcaNe peHrrenpra, C., DeLarieLp, ALBERT, peEMituau, Louis Joun, DreRitam, Cuar_es, *DreRuam, Cuartes, De Wirt, Witiiam G., Dick, J. Henry, Dickerman, Mrs. Watson B., Dickey, Cuaries D., Ditton, CLarEeNncE, Dimockx, Mrs. Henry F., Dissron, Henry, Jr., Ditmars, R. L., Dopp, Miss GrertrubE, *Doner, Grorce EGieston, Doper, Marcetius, Harrrey, Doeicer, Crrares| P., Dorncer, Perer, Doscrer, CHARLES, Doucias, ARCHIBALD, JR., *DoucG.as, JAMES, Draven, Mrs. Henry, Dresster, Oscar, DuBors, Miss ErHet, DuBois, Miss Katrartne, DuBois, Wititam A., Duemore, A. RADCLYFFE, Dunuam, Envwarp K., Dunn, Gano, Dunscomne, Grorce ELusworttit, pu Pont, CoLEMAN, puPont, Mrs. Wo., Dwyer, T11omas, *Encar, Newsom, Enor, Mrs. Cuarztes Noet, *ELLIoTt, SAMUEL, Frits, W. Dixon, Ery, Amprose K., Exmet, C. TEMPLE, *Iinwo, Amos, F., Evarts, Artan W., Farmcuitp, Hon. Cianres S., *FEARING, GEORGE R., *Fieitp, CorrLaANpr DEPEYSTER, Firsitp, Wm. B. Oscoon, trip, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon, Fistrer, Mrs. Henry J., Iisner, Ensign Joet Ets, FLerrMANN, Wiii1aAmM Mep.icorr, Fim, Cuanrtes R., Forp, Henry, * DECEASED. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Foster, KuGENE G., Fraser, Miss S. Grace, *Frencu, S. Barron, Frere, Harorp, Fucurer, Howarp, *Garn_eR, R. L., Gerry, Exprivce 'T., Girrorp, Dr. I1Arowp, Goxpscirmmipt, S. A.,, Gooprince, Mrs. F. G., *Goopwin, JAMES Jd., Gou.p, Georce H., Grant, DeForest, Grant, Manpison, GrinneELt, Georce B., GuGGENHEIM, DANTEL, GuccENtrEmM, S. R., GunTHER, Bernarp G., GuntTuer, FRANKLIN I.., Guturie, Wii11am D., *HAGENBECK, Cart, Hacenseck, Hernricn, Hacenseck, J.orenz, Hacern, Louis T., Hamirton, Pirrronr Morean, Harpine, J. Horace, Harkness, Mrs. Epwanrp S., Harkness, Mrs. S. V., Harran, Crarirs J., Harriman, Mrs. E. FHI., Harrison, ArcuiBaLp, Harrison, Pror. J. B., Harris, ALAN C., Hart, Frank, Harvey, Fit, Havupr, Dr. Tous, Havemeyren, I*. C., Havemeyrn, I’. A., *Haven, Grorce G., *Hearn, Geonrce A., *Hennrerson, Cirarres F., Heprsurn, A. Barron, *HicGinson, James J., Hin, Crarence H., Hinz, Hverr, Hit, Mrs. Join, *HIncHMAN, WALTER, Hiren, Mrs. Freperick Deano, *THor, Miss ManrGaret, Hor, Ricirarp M., Hor, Mrs. Riciarp M., Horxtns, Grorce B., Hoppin, Mrs. JoserH Crank, *Hunparp, Tuomas H., Huntineoton, H. E., Hype, Mrs. Crarence M., Hype, James H., IsELIN, ADRIAN, JR., Is—eLIN, Cotumbus O. D., Ister, Paut A., *JacKkson, Tiicopore F., Jackson, Dr. Vicror H., James, Artiur Curtiss, Jennincs, Mrs. Oniver G., JENNINGS, Oniver G., *Jesup, Mns. Mornis K., Jones, Mrs. Enwarp H., *Jurmiiarpd, Mrs. A. D., Kaun, Orro H., KANE, GRENVILLE, *Kane, JouN INNES, Kine, Georce Gornon, Kinney, Monrnis, *KINGSLAND, Wittt1amM M., *KassEL, Gustav E., Kunuanpt, W. B., Lal anrce, C. Grant, Lancpon, Wooprury G., LaNIER, CHARLEs, Lee, Cuartes NortuaM, Lreps, Mrs. Warner M., Ueunan, S: M., Lincotn, Evwarp K., Logs, Mrs. Morris, *Lounsbprry, Ben-Aui H., *Lounssery, Ricuarp P., Low, C. Apo.pue, “' *l.ow, SETH, *T.ypic, Davin, Iypic, Carr. Pinuir M., McAurin, Cuartes WILLISTON, McComn, J. Scorr, McKeever, I. C., *McKim, Citanrces F., McKinney, Guenn I onn, McLane, Guy Ricirarps, McMuiiuin, Marion, *Macxay, DONALD, Macy, V. Event, Mapveira, Percy C., *MaiTLAND, ALEXANDER, Matiory, Cirartes H., *Manrc, Treorniztus M., *Marxor, Dr. Francis H., Maruinc, Aurrep E., MarsitaLu, Louts, Maxwe tt, Roserr, Merxet, Herrmann W., Merz, Herman A., Mirpank, DuNLEVy, MILBANK, JEREMIAH, Mitier, Dr. Georce N., Mins, Ocnen L., Mitron, Mrs. Wm. F., Mircire.tt, A. M. Post, Mircuest, Francis L., * DECEASED ay 18 NEW YORK MircuHe., H. R., Mitcneitt, Mason, *MitcueLt, Roianp G., MoneELL, AMBROSE, Moore, Mrs. James Amory, Moore, Freveric P., Moran, Danter E., IMORGANG nO: ks Morgan, Mrs. J. P., Jr., Morris, Dr. Lewis RuTHERFURD, *Monrris, JAMES, Mowesray, L. L., Netson, ROBERT, NeEwnoLp, THomas, NEwLanp, V. M., Nicnors, Mrs. Wit11am GILMAN, Nites, J. Barron, Nixes, Miss Fiorina, Nites, WILt1AM WHITE, Nites, Mrs. Wititam WHITE, Norton, JoHn W., Nunan, J. J., Nye, Josepy K., Ossporn, Mrs. Henry FaAIrrieEp, Ostorn, Mrs. Witi1am CuurcnH, Osspurn, Dr. Raymonn C., Painter, Kenyon V., *PanisH, Henry, ParnisH, JAMEs C., Parsons, H. pve B., Peanopy, Cuanrtes A., Perkins, WitiiamM H., Peters, Mrs. THeEopore, Perens, SamMuet T., Puetrs, Carr. Joun J., Puiuirs, Dr. JouHn C., Puituies, Joun M., Puiprrs, Henry, Puiprs, Henry C.,, PHoENIx, Luioyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, Pierce, Henry Cray, PIERREPONT, JOHN J., Prierreront, Rosert L., PierrREPONT, SETH Low, *PincnHotT, J. W., *PorTER, CLARENCE, *Portrer, Mrs. Henny C., Porter, Witson, Prarr, Dauias B., Pratr, Haroxp I., Procrer, A. PHIMIsTER, Puuirzer, Rateu, Pyne, M. Taytor, *QuinTaRD, Grorce W., Raymonp, Cuartes H., Ricrt, HAmMILTon, * ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Rice, Mrs. Hamirton, Riker, SAMUEL, JR., *Ross, J. HAMPDEN, *Roszains, MILton, Ropinson, ArrHun, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Rucker, WiLtiaM J., Ruwnetus, Carn, *Russ, Epwarp, RurueErrurpd, Win ritror, *Sr; JoHN, PRANK I, Sattus, J. Sanronp, Sampson, Henry, Sanborn, Etwin R., *Sanps, WitiiaAM I., Sanrorp, Henry, Sanrorp, Henry, Jn., SanrorpD, SAMUEL S., *Sancer, FarrrreLp Osnorn, SatTTerLeE, Miss Maser M., *ScHERMERHORN, J. EGMon', *ScHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, SCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Scuiry, Evanoer B., ScHWARZENBACH, Rosert J. F., Seton, Ernest Tuompson, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, *SuHERMAN, WILLIAM Warts, SHEWAN, JAMEs, SHEARSON, Epwanp, SuHIELps, GrorceE O., Stater, H. N., Stoan, Benson B., *SLOAN, JOHN, Stoan, Marcomm D., *SLoaNn, SAMUEL, Stoan, SAMUEL. SmitrH, James A., Souer, Le Roy, SPEYER, JAMEs, Sauier, Stuart C., Stetson, Francis LYNDE, Stewart, Wm. R., Jr., Stoxes, Miss Onivia EF. Purerrs, Srraicut, Mrs. Witianp, Streeter, D. D., *Sturces, FREDERICK, SturcEs, FREDERICK, JR., Tartton, Leste JErrenis, *THALMAN, Ernst, Tuayer, Mrs. ErHen RANpDOoLPH, Tuompson, Lewis S., Tizrorp, Frank, Tuompson, WILLIAM P., Top, Rosert E., Topp, Witi1aM R., TownsEND, Dr. Cuarirs H, * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT ig Trevor, Henry G.,, Trevor, JoHN B., Trirron, Craupe H., Tuck, Epwarp, UnimMann, FReEpDeERrIck, Vait, THEo. N., Van Norven, Mrs. Grace T., Van ReEnNsSELAER, Cuartes A., * VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., Varnum, Mrs. James M., *WapswortH, Mason W. Austin, WapswortH, Mrs. W. A., Wa, D. Everert, Warnwnicut, Ricuarp T., *Wartxker, Dr. HENRY FREEMAN, WaANAMAKER, RopMan, Warsure, Fevix M., *WaRREN, SAMUEL D., *Watson, Francis A., Watson, JAaMEs S., Wess, Dr. W. Sewarp, *Weicuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery, *WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, *WetTmore, Cuarirs W., Wetmore, Grorce Peapopy, Wuarton, WiiuiaM P., WHeEatton, Louis N., Wuite, Epwarp, WuiteE, JoHN Jay, JR, *WHITEHEAD, PAUL, Wuitman, Matcormm D., Wuitney, Caspar, WHITNEY, CoRNELIUS VANDERBILT Wuitney, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, Payne, Witets, Exmonre A., Witets, Howanp, WiiiaMs, CriarKk, Wine, Joun MonGan, *Wine, JoHN D., WintHnnop, BEEKMAN, *Winturop, Ecerton L., *Wiruers, Georce B., WoenrtsHorrer, Mrs. ANNA, Woop, Dr. Casry A., Woopwarp, WILLIAM, WorrHInoton, C. C., Sustaining Members Baxer, Georce F., Forp, James B., Hamirtron, Wm. Pierson, Havemeyenr, I’. C., Hor, Mrs. Ricruarp M., Hor, Riciarp M., Hype, Mrs. CLaneNce, Monrean, J. P., *Sciuirr, Jacos H., Srewart, LisPpENARD, Srunrcis, Frank K., Wirtson, Pror. Evmunp B., Annual Members Axssott, Mrs. Marnie M., ABEEL, JOHN H., ABERCROMBIE, Davin T., Ans-Hacen, Ernst, ACHELIs, Fritz, ACHELIs, JOHN, Apam, Hugo §., Jr., Apams, Frepericx B., Apvams, Mrs. F. T., Apams, JOHN DunBar, *Apams, THatcHer M., Apams, Mrs. Warren S., Apams, Mrs. Wm. CrirreNnDdEN, Aver, Miss Ex1ren Louise, Atxen, W. APPLETON, Arrxrn, Miss Heten JEAN, ALcuIN PREPARATORY SCHOOL, Aupricu, Mrs. James Herman, Axpricu, Mrs. Winturop W., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Cuartes B., ALEXANDER, Dovuctas, * DECEASED ALEXANDER, Frank D., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Appison, ALexanpber, Mrs. WILLIAM, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. JoHn E., ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. Joseru, ALLAND, Maurice, ALLEN, Ernan, ALLEN, Frepertc WINTHROP, ALLIEN, FREDERICK, ALTSCHUL, C., Ams, Cuartes M., Anverson, ArcHiBaLp J. C., Annerson, P. CHAUNCEY, AwnpbnreEInI, J. M., Awoprews, Cou. James N., ANpbrEws, GwyNNE M., AnsBAcHER, A. B., AnsBacHeEr, D. A., ApPLeTON, Francis R., APPLETON, JAMES W., AncHBOLD, JOHN F., 20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Anrcipoip, Mrs. J. F., Barney, Mrs. J. Srewarr, ARCHIBALD, JAMES F., Barnum, Wittiam M., Ancien, Mrs. Grorce A., Barron, Georce D., Anenpn, I. J., Bartierr, Prop G., ArkusH, REUBEN, BartroL, Henry G., Armour, Greorce A.,, Barron, Epwarp Rirrennouse, Armour, Mrs. Herman O., Baskervitte, Mrs. JEssi4, Arnoup, Mrs. Grover C., Batrs, Dr. W. H., Anrz, C. W., Barrerson, JAMES G., Asumun, Bernarp I., Baucntisz, ‘Tuomas H., JR., ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE, Bauer, Encar Mayuew, Astor, VINCENT’, Bauer, Oswarp A., Arwater, Cuaries B., Bauer, R. M., Arwater, Ricirarp M., Jr., Bauer, WALTER, Arwoop, Kimratt C., Bayarp, Touts P., Avucuincioss, Mrs. C. C. Baya, Epwin, Aucuincioss, Mrs. Enear S., JR, Bayuies, paunp I.., Avucuinctioss, Mrs. Enear S., Sr., Bayne, Mrs: lu. P., Avucuinctioss, Huei, PReacn, Wintiam N., AuciuNnctoss, Joun W., Beap.iesron, Miss [prrit, Auvrrspacu, Mrs. Joserit S., Beate, PHELAN, Aycniee, B. Arrirur, Bray, JEREMIAH, Ayman, Mrs. Jose, Berne, CHARLES, Bacue, Jutrs S., Breese, Water H., Bacon, Grorce W., Beers, Mrs. E. I.eGranop, Bacon, Wentwortit C., Beir, Roser, Bacon, Mus. Roser, Beuu, Louts V., Bace, Dr. Cruin tron, L.., Bez, Park E., BarnseEn, C., Beier, A., Battey, Mrs. James M., Better, Witiiam F., Baxer, Mrs. Enizanern R. W., Benn, Mrs. Georce, Baker, STEPIIEN, *Benepict, JAMeEs H., Baxer, Wm. F., Benepict, Iemurn C., Batpowin, Arzerr H., Benis, H., Batpwin, Frenericx H., Bensamin, Grorcr Powe.1, Batpwin, Henry peForest, BensaMIn, M. W., Batpwin, Jarep G., JR, Bengamin, Wittiam M., BALLANTINE, ArruuR A.,, Benxanp, Harry H., Bariarp, Knywarp I.., Benxkanrp, J. Pump, RaLLtarp, SUMNER, Benxanrp, Mrs. Harry H., BAMBACH, CIIRISTIAN, Benson, R. T.AwRrENCE, *Banos, Francis S., Bercy, Henry, Banxs, THeopore H., Berens, Dr. T. Passmore, Banwnanp, Orro T., BERESFORD, JOHN GEORGE, Barser, THomas H., Bernarp, Prerre Arnon, Barney, Henry G., Bernurm, Grorce B., Barciay, Mrs. James L.., Bernuemm, Henry J., Banrciay, Mrs. ReGinaxp, Bernuemer, Crarwes I.., Barker, Louis H., Brronznemer, F., Bartow, Peter Townsenn, Brertron, S. R., Barnanrp, J. AuGustTus, Betimenr, I. H., Barnes, Cortiannt D., Bipprz, Witiram C., Barnes, Enwarp W., Bier, Mrs. Sytvan, Barnes, Henry B., Bicrtow, Wiritam S., Barnes, JAMES, Bices, Mrs. Hermann, M.. Barney, A. I.., Braun, ABratram, Barney, Asupenn H., Binion, (Cy 1 (Ck Barney, Enoar S., Bitirnes, Miss Marcaret S., *DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Bircnatt, Mrs. Wm. H., Brack, Mrs. Roserr C., Bracpen, Mrs. Geonrcr, BiaGveN, Grorer, BiacpeN, Mrs. Jona G., Brarr, Cuas. H., Buair, J. INsieEy, Brain, Mrs. Lepyanrp, Briaxester, Mrs. 'Trreron J., Buss, Mrs. Warrer Pitevrs, Buss, Miss A., Buss, Miss S. D., Buioovcoop, Roserr V., BLoomMINGpDALE, Irvine D., BLOOMINGDALE, IRvING lI., BioominepaLe, Mrs. Joseriu B., BLUMENTHAL, Hueco, Buiunvet., E. F., BoarpmMan, Miss R. C., BorsE, Quincy Warp, Borrrcer, Miss PAuLine, Borrrcer, ‘HEopoKE, Botssevain, G. L.., Borron, Miss Erua F., Borron, Wititam H., Bonn, Henny R., Jr., Bonn, STepHen N., Bonner, G. T., Bootrn, Mrs. Aucusra, Bootn, A. E., Boorn, Enos S., Bonz, A. E., Borianp, J. NELson, Bortannb, WitiiaMm G., Bourton, Wituiam B., Bownvorn, Miss Eprri G., Bowpor1n, Georce ‘Tempe, BowENn, Crarence Wrin'riiror, Bowen, JAMEs, Bowne, Francis Draver, Boypen, Dwicur I., Brapitey, Artan B. A., Brapiey, Miss Mary T., Brapy, Niciroras I*., Branp, Oscar J., Bremer, Avucusr I, Brencie, LAwrence J., Brewster, Mrs. Bensanin, Brewster, Georce S., Brinces, Roserr, Brices, James E., Brincxernorr, Arex. G., Bristot, Joun I. D., Bristow, Wii11am B., BropMERKEL, Cranes, Jr., Brokaw, Cuirrorp V., Brokaw, Mrs. Cuirrorp V., Bronson, Dr. Enpwarp Benner, Brooxs, Miss Berrira, Brooks, Frederick, Brooxs, J. ArrHur, Broucuron, Mrs. U. H., Brower, Georce V., Brown, Mrs. CuHartes Sre.er, Brown, Cranrtes I., Brown, Cuas. Hitron, Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, Epwin H., Brown, Cor. Franxiin Q., Brown, Mrs. Frankiin Q., Brown, Henry C., Brown, Joun Barker, *Brown, Ricuarp E., *Brown, STEPHEN P., Brown, Mrs. Trromas F., Brown, VERNON CaRLETON, Brownineo, Wititam H., Brownine, J. A., Brunopice, Miss Exizaneria &b., Brunswick, Mrs. EMANUEL, Bryce, Miss Mary 'T., Bryson, 'l. B., BuckMAN, CLIFFORD, Buckner, Mortimer Norron, Buckner, Trromas A., Bupp, Henry A., Buecuner, C. Frep, Buikiry, Kpywin M., Buixtey, Mrs. Envwin M., BuLxktiry, JONATHAN, Buikiry, L. Duncan, Butkey, Q., Butt, J. Enear, Bunrven, James A., Jr., Burpven, Mrs. W. A. M., Buriteigu, Mrs. Georce W., BurLincHaMm, Cuas. C., Burnuam, Mrs. Wo. A., Burritt, Evwarp L., Burrows, Witson A., Busk, Frep T., Burier, Arriuur W., Burier, Cirartes STewarr, Burxter, Miss Vireinia, Byrne, Mrs. JAMeEs, Canort, F. H., Carsar, Henry A., CaHEN, JAMES P., Caen, Jutius P., Cann, Artin L., Carxer, J. Hamirron, CaLLeNpen, Water R., Catman, Henry L., CaMMANN, Epwanp C., CAMMANN, Henry Lonitrarn, CamMann, Herman H.,, * DECEASED 21 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Camp, Epwarp B., CAMPBELL, DONALD, CanvbeEe, Howanrp S., CanrieLp, Georce Forcrr, Cannosent, A. H., Capiin, Harry, Carey, Frepericx F., CarLeBacH, Emit, Caritton, NEwcoms, Carneciz, Mrs. Georce T., CarPENDER, WILLIAM, Carrennrn, C. L.., Carson, Mrs. J. Henry, Carter, Dr. Herzert S., Cartier, P. C., Cary, Mrs. CLARENCE, Case, Henry P., Case, J. Herzen, Cass, Cuartres ANDERSON, Catucart, Miss Jennir R., Carrs, Rozert M., Certo, Mrs. Gronrce, Cuatmens, Anriun A., CHAMBERLAIN, WiLiiAM B., Cuamoenrs, Frank R., Cuamuenrs, Hinary R., Cuamuenrs, Miss KaTHeERine, Cuamroiiion, Mrs. Annvre C., Ciuanten, Roserr W., Cuaprin, Miss Maria Bowen, Cuapman, Miss Fanny, Cuarpman, Henry Oris, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, Cuares, Howarp W., Cuaves, Jose Epwarp, Cueney, Greorce L., Cueney, Louis R., Cueney, Mrs. Knicur Dexter, Jre., Cueney, Miss Mary, CuiLp, JonHn H., Cuitp, Mrs. Lewis P., Curbs, Everstry, Cuitps, Srartinc W., Crisnorm, Mrs. Hucw J., Sr., Cuoate, JoserH K., Cirmistiancy, Grorcr A. C., Cuuss, Percy, Cuurcu, AustTIN, Crrurcn, Cartes T., Crrurcnu, E. D., Jr., Cuurcn, Grorce H., Ciruncn, F. S., Cuurcn, Lous P., CLArLIN, JOHN, Crancy, Joun Fivanrs, Crapp, A. P., Criark, Cuas. Horxins, Crark, C. M., Crark, Cuartes Martin, Crark, Mrs. Enear Miron, Crarx, EKpwarp H., Crark, Mrs. Enwarp Harpy, Crarx, Miss Ei. Manet, Crarx, Haror B., Crarx, Herserr L., Cruark, J. Francis Atoysius, Crank, Mrs. Joun C., Ciark, J. WILLIAM, Crark, Joun W., Crarx, W. A., Cranke, i. Al Ss, Crarke, Lewis L., Criarke, Witiiam H., *CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS, Cranks, Tomas B., Crarke, Witiiam H., Crarkson, Miss ANNIE, Crausen, Georcr N., Cremens, Dr. James B., Crews, Mrs. James B., CuiosE, Water H., Crypr, WiLiiaM P., Cocuran, Mrs. Girrorp A., Cocuran, G. D., Cocurane, A. W.S., Cocxcrort, Miss E. V., Cocxran, Mrs. W. Bourke, *Cor, Cuartiss A., Corrin, Francis A., Corvin, Writ1Am Epwarp, Corrin, Mrs. Srunrets, Conen, James P., Corpurn, Abert E., Corny, Howarp A.,, Coxe, Enwarp F., Corre, Mrs. Rurvs, CoreBrook, Cuas. B., Cortcatr, Miss Carorin B. D., CouGatr, GILBERT, Coteate, Henry A., CoixketT, J. Hamittron, Coruier, Mrs. R. J., Cotiins, Masor Atrrep M., Couns, CLARENCE LyMaNn, Cort, Harris D., Cort, Ricwarp C., Corton, Cuester LE£r, Consoy, Martin, Conxkuin, Roranp R., Conover, H. B., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., Cone, Frepericx H., ConnEIM, HERMANN, Conxkuinc, Paut B., ConNELL, HERBERT STANLEY, ConTENT, Harry, *DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Converse, Miss Mary FE., Conway. Mrs. Mavup ALL11s, ConyNGHAM, JOHN N.,, Coox, Mrs. Cuartes T., Coomse, T. Gorron, *Cooper, THEODORE, Cooper, Mrs. M. LeBrun, Corsetr, Mrs. Henry L., CorBin, AUSTIN, CorteELL, WILLIAM WALLACE, Corres, Howarp, CorNnELL, Miss Eminy LErrerts, Cornine, C. R., Coster, CuHaArtes Henry, Coster, Miss Syivia pdEG., Cowp1n, WInTHROP, Crazbpe, Miss Louise G., CRANDALL, Epwarp H., Crane, Mrs. Jonatuan H., Craic, Dr. Burvette P., Cravatu, Mrs. Pavut D., Crawrorpb, Roserr L., CrawrForp, WILLIAM, Crimmins, Cyri1, Crimmins, Miss Mary C., Crimmins, THOMAS, Crocker, Gerorce A., JR., Crocker, Roserr S., Crocker, Wiiiiam T., CroMwELL, JAMES W., CroMweLL, LINCOLN, Crossy, MaAunseE Lt S., Cross, Grorce D., Cross, W. Repmonp, CrossteEy, G. REGINALD, CuNNINGHAM, W. DEL.., Cunter, He; Currey, J. B., Curtis, F. K., Curtis, Mrs. FH. Horrroox, CusuMman, Cranes V. B., Curtrer, Rarrn L.., Curtine, R. Futon, Cuttrinc, Mrs. W. Bayanp, Curtinc, Heywanrp, Cuyter, Miss Exeanor veEG., Daitey, GranviLir F., Dauutetr, Freperic A., DauziEn, Mrs. F. Y., Dana, Pavt, Darsy, Davin M., Davenvort, Mrs. Ina, Davince, Wiititam H., Davirs, Mrs. Frepertcx M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, Davies, JULIEN Tappan, *Davis, Davin T., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, How1anp, Davis, Monrcan, Davis, W. J., Davison, CLARENCE B., Davison, Miss Exta H., Davison, Miss Attce M., Davison, Mrs. Henry P., Day, Miss Laura V., Deane, W. B., DE CrarrmMont, Dr. A., De Forest, Henry W., DeForest, Roserr W., Drecener, J. F., DeGorcounta, A. V., peE Herepra, Mrs. Carros M., DevarieLd, Enwarp C., Dewarietp, Frepericx P., Dexarietp, Lewis L.., DeLaNno, EUGENE, Detano, Lyman, DrLano, Warren, DeLano, Moreau, Dexvanoy, WituiaM C., DELAUGIER- VILLARS, COUNTESS, pe Lone, Mrs. Georce B., Demine, L. C., Devew, Mrs. Cuauncey M., DeRaum, Mrs. Cuas., JR., peRnam, Mrs. H. Casimir, Dery, D. GerorceE, Dersparp, Water D., Dr Tywnro, Ienacio, Devereux, Watter B., DeVinne, T. B., Deyo, Roserr E., DEZALDO, FREREDICK, Dick, Mrs. Farrman Rocers, Dickerson, E. N., Dickey, Mrs. Cuanrtes D., Dickinson, JoHN W., Dickinson, Mrs. L. M., Dickinson, Mrs. Joun M., Dieu, Georce H., Jr, Dienst, A. P., Dixe, Oscar D., Ditton, Hersert Lowetrt, Driton, W. B., Ditwortn, Jos. R., Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B., Dixon, CourtLannt P., Dixon, Tueopore P., Donce, CLEVELAND E., Doncer, Francis P., Doncr, Mrs. Artuur M., Donce, Mrs. Artuur N., Dopcr, Mrs. Cieverann H., Dopce, Mrs. MarsHatt J., Doume, JouHNn D.,, * DECEASED 23 24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Dominick, Bayarp, Dominick, Gaver G., Dominick, H. Brancuarp, Dommenicn, Orro L., Donaxp, Miss Anna E., Donaxpson, Rosert M., Doremus, I. S., Dovustepay, F. N., Dovetas, E., Doveras, WALTER, Dovucias, Wini1am H., Dovucuass, ALFRED, Dovucuerty, Mrs. Pavt, Down, Josern, Down, Mrs. JoseEptit, Down, Wytutys HE., Jr., Downe, Epwarp D., Downer, J. Hatsty, Downey, Jon I., Dows, Davin, Sr., Dows, Mrs. Davin, Dows, Tracy, Draper, Ernest G., Drarer, Dr. Witiiam K., Drayton, J. CoLeMAN, Drayton, W. Herywarp, 3rep., Drexet, Mrs. Jomun R., DroescieEr, S. R., DrummMonp, I. Wyman, Duane, Ricuarpd Bacue, JuBors, Dr. Eucene F., DuBois, Mrs. Matrrnew B., Dver, Mrs, DENNING, Duex, Dr. Artuur B., Durer, Mrs. Jonn Bevertey, Duncan, Mrs, JouHN P., Duncan, Sruart, Duncan, Mrs. Sruart, Dunpas, RatpH Worts, Dunuam, Dr. Carrott, Dunuam, Lewis L., Durxee, A. W., Durkee, Ricuarp P. H., Durkee, Mrs. R. P. H., Duryea, Mrs. H. B., Durcner, Joun Gerow, DuVat, Mrs. Horace C., Dwicut, Joun E., Dwicut, Mrs. WIntTHROP, *Dyer, Mrs. EK. Tirrany, Facre, Joun H., Eamrfs, Joun C., Eastman, Miss Anne K., Easton, Cuaries Pup, Eaton, Mrs. Freperick H., EXBer, M: (€:; Eperiart, Cuar.es, EBERMANN, Mrs. Ernest, Eck, WILLIAM J., Ecxart, EpmMunp, Enear, Herman L. R., Encar, Mrs. Newsorp LeRoy, Encar, Mrs. J. Ciirton, Epcar, WILLIAM S., Epmonps, JoHN W., Ecertron, Maurice, EnReNREICH, ALFRED, Farrer, Lours J., Eurman, Mrs. Ernest, Eipiitz, Ronerr JAMEs, riers, Kart, Einstein, I. D., Exvprivce, FrepericK L., Exprip6r, Lewis A., Exprivcr, Wiiiiam T., Ex.tiotr, Howarp, Ex.rswortiu, Mrs. J. W., ELtswortH, JoHN S., Errmnc, Dr. Arrirur W., IMMANUEL, J. H., JR, Iamoury, Mrs. James W., Emerson, Mrs. WitiiaM, EmMericH, WALTER, linrmet, Miss Lypra F-., Emmet, Roserr TemMpie, Enpicorr, Rosert, Two, Miss Mary Prncuiror, Eirsstou, RuporPn, ErpMann, Manrrin, ErpMaNN, WILLIAM, Eriancer, Mirron S., Eisnerc, Henry, KvrninGcer, Louis, *Esraprook, ArrHur F., Eustis, Joun E., Evans, S. M., Evarts, A. W., Evarrs, Miss Mary, E:veLannb, Frank, Everert, A. L., Ewinec, Joseri G., Ewinc, Mrs. Tronas, Eyer, Greorce A., I.abpri, ALESSANDRO, Fabprt, Ernesto G., Fasrrit, Mrs. Ernesto G., Faper, Mpertarp, I’ arNrstrock, Dr. Ernest, Farnestrock, Mrs. Ernest, I’aunestock, WILLIAM, Famcurmp, Benzamin L.., Famcuip, Mrs. C. S., FairciiLp, Samuent W., I'arts, Mrs. DeWirr Crinron, Fariey, Mrs. Gusravus, JR., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH Fariey, CoLvin, Farnam, Wm. W., FarnuaAm, PAULDING, Farquuar, PERCIVAL, Farr, Mrs. A. M., FarreLry, T. CHARLES, Fay, Francis B., Frecutic, Dr. Sr. Grorce, Ferman, A. A., Fetpman, O. A., Fercuson, Miss Evizanetu D., Frreuson, Winuiam C., Ferry, MANSFIELD, Fruss, Carr. Anprew W., Feustman, Tron P., reno, Mrs. Aucusrus B., Fincn. Evwarp B., linckr, Mrs, Recrnarn, Fiscurr, WILLiaM, Fiscuer, WILLIAM, Fiscirer, Winniant H., Iisir, Mrs. TLantriron, lisuer, I.. G., Firznucs, Joun L., Fracter, Harry Harkness, Frannery, Mrs. Joserit A., FreiscHMann, Uno M., Fherrmann, Frepertcx 'W., Firaic, Henry S., Fruraine, Marruew C., Frercuer, Henry, Fioyn-Jones, Mnowarp 11., Forr, Franz, Foor, SANvrorp Dwrerrr. Foran, Grorce J., Forp, Miss Lersra, Forvycn, Jomn A., Fosuay, P. Maxwell, Foster, Mrs. Bertua M., Foster, Mnowarp W., Foster, Giraup, Foster, Macomn G., Foster, Scorr, owner, Mrs. ANDERSON, Fow rer, Crrarses, JR., lox, Miss Anice Brreciumr. Rox. aliuenn I, Frank, Emit, Frank, [.outs, Franko, Nanan, Fraser, ALEX. J., Fraser, Arex. V., Fraser, Mrs. Grorcr C., Fraser, Miss J. K., Fraser, Wo. A., Frazar. EK. W., Freperick, Mrs. Leroprorp, Freeman, Miss Gerrropr A., ANNUAL REPORT Frexem, Danten C., Frenci, Mrs. Joun, rics, Dr. TLaronp TT., I'risseis, A. S., Friru, Miss Loutse S., Irost, Aaron V., FroriurnGciramM, Joun W., Frornincuam, Wo. L., Frueaurr, Frank W., Funp, Frwix, Furier, Crrartes D., Futzer, Mrs. EKucene, Fouxkr. Enuunn A.. GALLAND, NATHANAEL K,, Gattitarp, Mrs. War. O., GatLarp, Naruanaer K., GaLLATIN, ALBERT, Gatitatin, Mrs. ALBERT, GaLLaATIN, GOrLet, Gattatin, Mrs. Gorter, Gatraway, Merrit W., Gartztowttur, W. G., Ganss. Herman O., Garpner, Mrs. ALFRED, Gvroiner, Crarres B., Garrerr, Miss Laura B., Garrerr, Jonn W., Garrison, Mrs. J. H., Garretrrson, Miss Herren Jay, Gates, Moopy B., Gaytey, Mrs. Gardiner, Grppves, Donap G., Garrarp, Miss Marcarer I., GrLsHENEN, Wo. H., Georce, G. K., Gerry, Peter G., Gerry, Roser I.., GERSTENDORFER, ALBERT, Gibr, Mrs. H. E., GILBERT, CLIN'LON, Ginpersterve, Hon. TH. A., Gittespic, Ronerr McM., Gituies, Evwin J., Gitsry, Henry, GIovANNITTI, ARTHURO, Grazr. Henry S., GLIDDEN, RALPH, Giyn, W. E., Goapny, W. H., Gopparp, Mrs. Freperic N., Goprrey, Mrs. If. D., Gopitry, Grorce McM., GoELL, J ACOB, GoLDMANN, JULIUS, Gotpsmiru, Dr. Atrrep N., GotpwatTerR, Henry, GoLpMAN, S. Ormonp, Goon, Rrv. Roser, 25 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Goonuvue, Cuartes FK., Goopwin, Grorcr B., Goopwin, Mrs. J. J., Goopwin, James L.., Goopwin, GRENVILLE, Goopwin, H. Sacer, Goopwin, Joun B. L.., Goopwin, Watrer L.., Goopwin, Wa tter L., Jn., Gorvon, Miss Ciara J., Grosvenor, Miss Rosa ANNE, GotTTHELr, CHARLES, *GoTTHELF, HERMAN, Gorrnoip, ArrHur I., GorTioLp, Frepenric, Goutp, Cuartes A., Goutp, Crartes W., Goup, Enwin, Gouxp, Mrs. Enwin, Grar, WiL11AM, Gramam, Mrs. Georce S., Grant, Mrs. De Fores’, Graves, GEorce Cor, Graves, Henry, Jr., Graves, J. P., Gray, Henry G., Gray, Mrs. H. Wintrror, GREENOUGH, JOHN, GrEENOUGH, Mrs. JoHN, GrEeENWooD, Miss Exiza R., GREENWOOD, Joseru R., GnreEr, CHARLES, GreEr, Mrs. Louis Monrnis, Gries, WILLIAM G., GnrirrituH, Miss Maroaretre F., GnrirFitu, Miss Susan D., Grice, Harry K., GRrInNELL, If. Moncan, Gnriscom, Crement A., JR., Griswoxp, Mrs. T°. Gray, GriswoL, W. E. S., Griswotp, Wm. E., Gross, JAMEs S., Grunpner, M., GRUNER, Wo. C., Guccenurim, Harry F., GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, Guceennemmen, Mrs. Hniza, Guinzpure, A. M., GutTMAN, Dewitt, GuttTaG, Henry, Gwinn, Rareu W., Haas, Grorce C., Harren, Joun M., Harren, Miss WILHELMINA, Hace, Joun D., Haicut, Crartes S., Haines, Cuartes D., Havxkett, Mrs. Sarai Srokes, Marr, A.C; Hatt, Franx L., Hatt, Henry J. S., Hatt, WM. W., Hatt, Wm. WEBSTER, Hattockx, Cuartes P., Hatis, WIL11aM, JR., Hatsey, CHaries W., Hatsey, Herbert Drake, Hamann, WituamM A., Hambtreton, T. Epwanrp, Hamsurcer, Louis, Hamenrstrty, Louis Gornon, Hamutton, Miss Exizanpetu S., Hamitron, Mrs. Wittiam Prerson, Hammonp, Mrs. Jonn Henry, Hammonn, Ocpen H., Hammonp, WiuiamM I, Hance, Joun A., Harpin, Wo. B., Harmon, Mrs. Crirrorp, Harriman, Mrs. Herserr M., Harriman, W. A., Harris, Arsert H., Harrison, PHILIP, Harrison, Mrs. W. Henny, Harris, Cuartes C., Hart, Haro G., Harrtsuorne, J. M., Hartwett, Dr. Joun A., HaAssLacuer, J ACoB, Hastincs, Mrs. Tuomas, Harcu, Epwarp, JrR., HatHaway, Cuanttes, Havemeyer, Henry, Havemeyenr, J. C., Haven, Grorce G., Haven, J. Woopwanp, Havens, Arzert G., Hawk, Mrs. Wiruiam Samuet, Hawkes, Miss Eva, Hayes, ArcHBISHOP, Haynes, WitttaAm Del’orest, Hazen, Georce H., Hecur, Rupotr, Hecker, Dr. Anon J., Heck, Gronrce C., Hecxscrter, Mrs. Aucusr, IInpcrs, Jos E., Hlerme, Henny, Jr., Here, Miss Berrua, Heine, Miss Ciara, Heme, Herman L., Heine, Juuius A., Herman, E., Herne, Junius, Herntrz, Joun C., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Heme, Mrs. Gero. A., Hemmine, H. G., Hencxen, HAncxke, Henprrson, Joun B., Henperson, NorMan, Henry, Francis A., Hennine, Emit F., Herwurn, Mrs. A. Barron, Hermann, Bernarp F., Hernstapt, Won. L., Herrick, Haroxp, Herraan, Mrs. Henry S., Hersu, Royat VALE, Herter, Mrs. ALBERT, Herzoc, Paut M., Hess, Dr. Atrrep F., Hewrrt, Miss Saran C., Hewrrr, Herserr H., Hewrrr, Prerer Coorrr, Heypt, Cuas. E., Hisspinc Park ComMMISSION Hicks, I. Pirrront, Hicxs, Joun M. W., Hicetns, Riciarp H., Hicernson, Mrs. J. J., Hitt, E. B., Hitt, Roserr C., Hincxiry, Mrs. Samurr Neisson, Hinp, SamMveL, Hinscu, Cuarres S., Hinscnanp, Franz H., Hoctscninp, Brrriro.n, Hopenryt, Anton G., Hopers, Harrison B., Hor, Mrs. Roserr, *HorrMan, CHarues F'RepDERICK, Horrman, F. B., Horrman, Miss M. U., HorrMan, STODDARD, Horrman, Mrs. Wittram M. V., Hoe, James A., Hose, KENNETH S., Hoxzrook, Mrs. Evwarp, Hotrister, Grorce C., Hoimes, Cuas. LEYLAND, Hotter, Mrs. E. O., Homes, Henry F., Hootry, Epwin S., Hooxrr, Dr. Ransom S., Horxins, A. A,, Hoprin, Miss RANCEs, Horrin, Hamitton L., Horrmy, Witiiam W., JR., Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Horr, L. Witii1aM, Hosxier, H. C., HousmMAN, CLARENCE J., Howakpp, F. T., Howe, Mrs. Hexen M., Howey, Maxwett D., Howe nt, T. A., Howtawnpb, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyt, Aurrep O., Hoyt, Coneate, Hoyt, Epwin, Hoyt, Grrarp L., Hoyt, Miss Gertrupz S., Hoyt Mrs. Henry R., Hoyt, Mrs. JEssE, Hoyt, Joun S., Hoyt, Miss Virernta Scort, Hoyt, Watter S., Hussarp, Watter C., Horr, E. S., Hurse, Ricuarp J. E., Huncerrorp, Ricuarp S., Hunn, Arruur B., *Huntincton, Mrs. Roserr P., Huntinctron, Forp, Hunrman, Rev. Gerarp H., Hourret, J. Curistran G. Hurn, Mrs. Ricuarp M., HurpMaANn, Freperick H., Hussey, FREDERICK, Husrep, Miss M. KaTHaRINeE, Hustep, Seymour L., JR., Hurcuins, AuGustus SCHELL, Hvurcuins, Hartey D., Hourcutnson, Cary T., Hvuyter, C. D., Houvter, F. D., Hyver, Avcustus L., Hyone, B. T. Bassirt, Hype, CourTNEY, Hype, Dr. Freperick E., Hyoe, Mrs. Witutam H., Hype, W. Trustow, InpeKEN, ANTHONY G., Incersott, Rosert H., Innis, WitiiaM R., InstEE, Epwin W., Irons, Henry C., TsELIN, C. OLIVER, Iserin, Miss GEorGINE, Isexin, JoHn H., Isextx, Miss Loutse M., Tsevin, WitiraMm E., Isexin, Mrs. Wituiam E., Isexin, Wirit1am O’DonNNELL, TIsuam, Cuartes B., IsHam, Wir1aM B., Ister, Paun A., TsraEL, LEon, Ives, Freperick D., Jackson, Freperick W., Jackson, Mrs. Freperic W., * DECEASED 27 28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Jackson, R. Hatsey, Jacos, LAWRENCE, Jacoss, SAMUEL K., Jacosus, Jon S., JACQUELIN, Herserr 'T. B., JAFFRAY, ROBERT, James, Mrs. Arruur Curtiss, James, Henry, Jr., James, Dr. Roserr C., James, Mrs. Worrnam, James, Mrs. Watter B., Jameson, Mrs. Epwin C., Jenkins, Mrs. Grace Harriry, JENKINS, A. W., Jenkins, Mrs. Henen H., JENKINS, JOHN C., JENKINS, J. D., Jenkins, Winitam B., Jenks, Roserr I.., JENNINGS, Frevericx B., JENNINGS, SIDNEY J., JENNINGS, WALTER, Jesup, Mrs. James R., Jesup, Riciarp M., Joun, Roserr, Jonson, F. Corr, JoHNSON, Guy B., Jonnson, Girpert H., Jounson, THos. W., Jomunston, J. Herzerr, Jounston, Dr. Marius E., Jounsron, WitiiAM J., Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Jones, Mrs. Capwaraner, Jones, Cuartes H., Jones, H. Borron, Jones, Mrs. Dwicur A., Jones, H. LeRoy, Jones, Lewis Q., Jones, Wm. R., JUNGELUTH, KaArL, Just, Dr. E. E., Kann, Fenix E., Karn, Louis, Kaun, Dr. Roserr J., KaHNn, WALTER N., Kane, Mrs. Artirur S., Kane, Mrs. DeLancey, Karcuen, Frank J., Karetsen, Eri A,, Kast, Dr. Lupwic, Kean, Hamirttron Fisu, Kean, Mrs. Hamirton F isu, Keecu, Frank B., Kercu, Mrs. Franx B., Kerrier, Mrs. C. B., Kren, Barton L., Keim, Henny F., Keicuner, WILLIAM W., Ketty, Horace R., KENNEDY, Epwanrp G., KenneEpy, Mrs. Jonn Stewart, Krnnepy, Mrs. H. Van RENSSELAER, KENNERLY, Miss M. M., KeEent, Epwin C., Keruart, Rev. Witi1am H., Kkepret, Davin, Kernan, Mrs. Watter N., KetcuHam, Irvine M., KEUFFEL, W. G., Keyes, Mrs. Cuaries W., Keyser, Mrs. SAMUEL, Kircer, Emin L., Kinc, Avucustus F., Kine, Miss Even, Kine, Miss Erne, Kine, James Gore, Kinc, Mrs. J. Howanp, Kine, Mrs. Leroy, *Kincspury, NaTHan C., KINGSLAND, Mrs. Witztiam M., Kinestey, W. M., Kinney, WARREN, Kanney, Mrs. Warren, Kip, W. Rutorr, Kirkuam, Wiiuiam B., Kisset, Mrs. W. Tuorn, KirrrepGe, SAMUEL Dana, Kirz, JOsEPH, Kiaw, Marc, Kie1n, D. Emin, Kriern, Mitton M., KLINGENSTEIN, CHAs., Knapp, ARNOLD, Kwapp, Mrs. Harry K., Jr., Kwapp, Mrs. Josep Paumer, Kynicut, Cuartes R., Knocue, G. ALFRED, KNoepDLer, Rovanp F., Koenter, H. C., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, Kontsaat, Miss Epiru M., Kors, GeorceE C., Jr., Kors, Frepericx, Koes, Dr. Henry M., Konta, ALEXANDER, Kraus, SAM., Krecu, Mrs. Atvin W., Kremer, Mrs. Witiiam N., KrunscHep, C. D., Kuun, Avcust, Kunn, Frank, KuuHN, JULIUs, Kunuarpt, Henry R., Kunz, Georce F., KurzMAN, Cuar.es C., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Kuser, Mrs. ANrHony R., Kuser, Miss Cynvruia G. D., IXuser, JoHN DRYDEN, Ikuser, Joun L., Kurrrorr, ADOLF, Kurrrorr, FREDERICK, LaBar, Evcene S., Lacomse, Hon. E. Henry, T.acat, Dr. Grorce, Lanens, Mrs. Puese P., T.ArmBeer, JON, JR., Lambert, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lampert, Dr. A. V. S. Lampert, Dr. Samue. W., Lampert, Mrs. Samuer W., Lamxzorn, A. H., L.a Monracur, Miss Manir, Lamont, Mrs. THomas Wii.iaM, Lanvaurr, I. N., Lanpon, Francis G., Lane, Miss Annie E., Taner, Epwarp V. Z., Lane, JAMES WARREN, Lane, Wo tcorr G., Lance, Miss CarMEN, Lancr, Dr. Maruimpe M., Lancetoru, Mrs. Jacos, Lanirr, Mrs. James IF. D., Lapua, Mrs. JonNn Je Larrinc, Cuartes P., Lauper, Mrs. Georce, Jr., Lauter, Henry G. F., Lautrersacu, Mrs., Lawrence, Emten N., Lawrence, JoHN Buriins, LAWRENCE, JOHN I.., Lawrence, Newsoup T., Lawrence, R. Warren, Lawrence, Mrs. Amory A., Lawrence, Hiram V., LAWRENCE, ‘OWNSLNE, Lawrence, Mrs. W. W., Lawrence, W. V., Lawson, Arruur, M., Lawson, Wo. W., *T.awton, Mrs. JAMES MarsLaND, Lea, Cuartes M., Lreacu, Henry Gopparp, Lreavens, Marton H., LeBaron, WoM., LEBERMAN, JACOB, LeEpLie, GEORGE, T.epoux, Dr. Arserr R., Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C; Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Ler, Grorce C., Lerrerts, MarsifaLp Ce Lerxovics, Mrs. Juin, Irea, GEorGrE, Leccerr, Warren F., Leuituat, Miss M. E., Leumairr, James M., Leuman, Meyer H., Tenanp, Wiirren C., I.roniarp, J. Henny, TeRoy, Epwarp A., Lesiiz, J. C., lester, Grorce Bacon, Lester, Henry M., Lerkemann, H. V., Levon, G., Lewis, Dr. Wittiam J., I.ewtso1rn, AvoLrit, LaicuENnsrern, Oscar K., [icuEensremn, Pacr, Lien, J. W., Tarzer, Dr. Huco, Taincoin, Frepertc W., Lincotn, Mrs. Lowe, Larcurietp, 1. Huser, Larcurrenp, Epywarp IT., LirravER, SIEGYRIED, Lirrnerietp, Carr. Cuarres W., Livermore, Mrs. Joun R., Lioyp, Mrs. J. P., Lorn, Herman A., T.orwi, Iluco V., Torwt, Dr. Kant. J., Iocan, Fran J. Locan, Wo. J., Lowes, Russenr. II, Loomis, Guy, Lounssery, Miss ALice, Low, Eruerserr Ine, Low, Witiram Girman, Jr, Lowet., James B., Lowruer, Cunrisrorier M., T.uptncton, C. H., Lupiam, Marcorm C., Luptow, Nirs. BANYER, T.upitum, C. A., *TuEDER, A., Luxe, Davn I.., Luxe, Joun G., Tusk, Pror. Graiam, T.urrcen, WALTIIER, Lyman, Frank, Lyman, Miss Gracr GREENLEAP, Lypie, Mrs. Pitiur, McAtrin, H. D., McAuprin, Mrs. Cirarces W., McAtrr, Mrs. D. Hunter, Jr., McAurrin, Grorce I.., McBrinvg, Mrs. Herren, McCace, Louts B., McCatu, Ricwarp, * DECEASED 29 30 NEW YORK McCuintock, GiLBert S., McCoy, J. C., McCrea, W. S., McCreery, Mrs. Henry Fores, McCuttoun, J. S., McEwen, Mrs. Pavt, McGrecor, Rey. Roserr Gorpon, *McKeever, J. LAWRENCE, McKe vey, J. J., McKetvey, Ropert, McKim, Joun A., McKim, Leroy, McLane, Tuomas S., *McLEan, JAMES, McLean, MarsHatt, McManvs, Epwarp F., McMitran, Francis W., McNair, WiLiiaM, Maas, Miron A., MacFappen, C. K., MacrarLANE, WALLACE, Mack, Artruur C., Macnamara, CHAs., MacNurt, Mrs. Francis A., Macee, JoUN, Macer, I*. Roserr, Mate, Francis S., Mau, Pierre, Maur, Mrs. Pierre, Matone, L. WoM., *Mann, WILLIAM DALTON, Mares, DaniEL, Jr., Mapes, Ernest S., Marrs, Kucene E., Marxkuam, Roserr D., Marcxwanp, Abert H., Marcusrt, BERNHARD, Markor, Harry, Markogr, Dr. J. W., MarsuaLL, A. W. W., MarsuaLyt, Mrs. CHAUNCEY, Mansi, Crurartes Carron, Marston, Epwin S., Marston, Hunter S., Martin, Brapiey, Jr., Martin, Mrs. Suevron F., Martin, Dr. Warton, * Martin, Mrs. Howarp 'Townsenp, Marvin, Mrs. Lanepon P., Marye, R. V., Masten, Arruor H., Masters, Francis It., Masters, Miss, MatHer, SAMUEL, Maruevus, Mrs. Wirsur K., Maruewson, Cartes E., Marzkem, ADOLPH, Maxwe tt, Georce T., ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Maxwetrt, Howarp W., Mayer, B., Mayen, JESSE, Mayer, Jos. B., Mayer, RosaLtyNve pe Lima, Maynarp, Mrs. Watrer I., Meeker, Henry E., Meem, James C., Meut, Henry, Mernuarp, Morton H., Metoy, Anprew D., MesseNGER, Miss Maria Gerarn, Meyer, Evucenge, Jr., Meyer, Dr. Grorcre W., Meyer, Miss HEtotse, Meyrowitz, Emir B., Mizrpurn, Joun G., Miter, Mrs. Evizaneru C. T., Mitrer, Mrs. Cyrus C., Mitier, Mrs. Cuartes E., Mititerr, NatHan J., Mitirr, Peyron F., Miter, W. W., Mittet, Mrs. F. D., Miter, S: C., MILiikEN, Mrs. Gerrisu H., Mitis, ApraHam G., Mitis, ANDREW, Miuts, Frepenric C., Mitmrne, C. E., MontGoMEry, CarLeTon, Moore, Mrs. Barrineron, Moore, Casimir dER., Moore, Mrs. Castmir vel., Moore, Cuartes Arrior, Jr., Moore, Miss K, T., Moorneap, Horace R., Morawetz, Victor, Morven, Wo. J., Morean, Miss ANNE, Morcan, Miss C. I.., Morcan, Epwin D., Morean, Mrs. J. B., Morcan, Mrs. Pirrvont, MorcGan, Junius S., JR., MorGan, Junius S., Morcan, Witiiam I|'eitowes, Morcan, Wiiitam FT orses, JR., Morcentuau, M. L.., Mornis, Dave H., Morris, GOUVERNEUR, Morris, Lewis SPENCER, Morrison, N. H., Morton, Mrs. Pavt, Mostre, A. Henry, Moss, Ernest J., Mor tey, Jas. M., Morr, Henny C., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 31 Morr, Mrs. JoHn Bowne, Movtrton, Arruur J., Muetier, Cuartes I’., Mutter, Cart, Mun.rexp, Frank J., Motuatt, Miss Saran G., Munn, Cuartes A., Munroe, Henry W., Munsey, Frank A., MureGatroyn, Joun, Morrua, THomas F., Mourreny, Mrs. Fenix Tone, Murpuy, Grayson, MuscHENHEIM, Frepertck A., Myers, Wit1i1amM S., Napa, Mrs. Cuas. C., Nersson, Dr. Howanrp S., Neitson, WALLACE P att, Nettizs, Hvuco C., NELson, JAMEs W., NESMITH, JAMEs, NeumorceEn, M. L.., NeumosceENn, Mrs. M. L., Nevustapt, Mrs. S., Newcomse, Mrs. Cuas. M., Nicuots, Acosta, *NicHoLs, JOHN W. T., Nicotit, BENJAMIN, Nicoitt, Mrs. BENJAMIN, Nixes, Rosert L.., Novxker, Rosert FE., Norman, Mrs. Braprorp, Norrie, Miss Mary, Norrie, Mrs. E. L. Breese, Nortu, Georce B., Norton, W. P., Norman, GEorGE, Norman, Howarp, OBERMAYER, CHARLES J., O’Brien, Percy, O’Brien, Percy J., O{ConnEtx, Driv. HH; O’Connor, JAMEs B., Ocus, Aporpn S., OerrinceR, Dr. P. J., OFFERMAN, JOHN, OapEn, Crrartes W., Ocven, Davin B., OcpnEN, J. R., Ocpen, Miss Mary F., Oumet!s, JOHN, Oumetis, P. M., *Oxtcott, DupLEY, Oucorr, DupLey, 2Np, Otcotr, E. E., Oun, Mrs. STEPHEN H., OxneEy, Exam Warp, OLYPHANT, ROBERT, Onativia, J. Victor, OrENHYM, GEORGE J., OpPpENHEIMER, Dr. Henry S., OprpENHEIMER, Davin E., Orpway, SaMuEL H., Orru, Cuartes D., Ortincer, Marx, Ortiry, James H., OvurerBRivdGE, Mrs. ApoLpHu J., OvuTeERBRIDGE, Dr. Pavt, PacxarpD, Mrs. E. Winstow, Pace, WILt1aAM H., Paine, Mrs. Aucustus G., Painter, Dr. H. McM., Patmer, [ipGar, Patmer, Howarp, PArEMER,, Dr: WS: Parnpor, Dr. J. B., Parisi, Wainwuicitt, Parisu, Mrs. Epwarp C., Parken, A. W., Parker, Epwarp Lupiow, Parker, JUNIUS, Parker, WINTHROP, Parks, Eton, Parpart, WiLLiAM F., Parsons, Miss GERTRUDE, Parsons, HERBERT, Parsons, Mrs. Joun E., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, Witttam Barcray, ParrrivGe, Epwarp L., Patron, Davin, Parrerson, Henry Sruart, Partrrson, T. H. Hocr, Payne, Mrs. Henry W., PEABODY, STEPHEN, Pearson, Mrs. Frepericx, Pease, Dr. J. G., Pease, J. GRANT, Peck, Cuartes E., Peck, Dr. Cuas. 11., Pecx, Leicesrer O., Peckiam, Miss Mani I.ouise, PrecramM, Enwarp S., PENDLETON, Francis Key, PENFOLD, JipmuND, Penrose, Dr. Cuanres B., IRERCIVAT.. 10. AG De, PERKINS, JR., GEORGE W., Perkins, Miss Hartir W., PERKINS, Greorcre W., JR., Perry, Mrs. Witiiam A., Peters, Mrs. Cuaries G., Peters, Wittiam RicitmMonp, PETERSON, WoM., Preirrer, Curr G., Preirrer, GEORGE, * DECEASED 32 ProrzHemer, Cart H., Pieirs, Mrs. ANSEL, Pueprs, Dr. Governeour M., Prarrr, Dr. Virett. C., Pickuarpr, Carr, Pieri, Gorrrriry, Pret, Micwat1, Pierrevont, Miss ANNA Jay, Pierreront, R. Sruyvesant, Pierson, Gen. J. Fre, Pinttor, P. Sruyvrsant, Prnciror, Girrorn, Pirney, Mrs. J. O. H., Prarr, Cranes I1., *Pparr, Frank H., Prarr, Henry B., Prarr, Livincsron, Priarren, J. W., Pomeroy, Danrex E., Pomroy, Mrs. H. K., Ponp, Miss Frorence I.., Poor, Henry V., Poor, Rocrer, M., Port, G. D., Porr, Mrs. James E., Porrer, ALEXANDER J., Porter, Horace, Porrer, Louis H., Porter, Winntam I.., Posr, Abram S., Posr, Mrs. Crraries ALrFrep, Posr, Grorce B., Post, Wiu1am H., Porrer, Miss BLancue, Porrer, Enwarpd CLarkson, Porter, FREDERICK, Porrer, James Brown, Porrer, Ortanvo B., Porrer, R. Burnstve, Porrer, Mrs. R. Burnsive, Porrer, F uber, Ports, Witi1am Brevoorr, PoweELL, STEPHEN A., Prarr, Arzerr H., Pratt, Grorce D., Pratt, H. L., Pratt, Joun 1T., Pratr, Mrs. Joun T., Prattr, SAMUEL, Prentice, JOHN HILL, Prentiss, Miss Hennrierra, Preston, VERYL, Prippy, LAWRENCE, Prime, Miss Cornetia, Prince, Epwarp S., Prince, Leo M., Procrer, WILLIAM, Procror, Mrs. Citarres E., NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Procror, Mrs. Marta W. W., Procror, THomas R., Procror, Wm. Ross, Provost, Mrs. Cornexius W., Puuirzer, Mrs. Josern, *Puusirer, Mrs. N. T., Putman, Irvine, Putney, Miss Eva C., Pyze, D. H. McArrin, Pyze, Mrs. James ‘Totman, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, Quincy, Cuartes F., QuintarD, Dr. Evwarp, Ranvotpen, Witiiam W., Ranvr, RicHanrp, RANGER, STANLEY, Raze, Dr. R. F., Rasmus, W. T., Rasmus, W., Rar1pBorne, Ricwarp C., Raucu, WiLriraM, Ravner, Wo., Ravwnor, IrvING, Raymonp, H. E., Reap, Mrs. Wititam A., Rrepmonp, Miss F., Repwonp, Mrs. Henry S., Reep, Rozrerr R., Reeps, Crresrer A., trEVvES, Mark W.,, Rem, JouHn, Rem, Ocpen Mis, Reip, Mrs. Ocpen Mitts, Ret, WaALtace, Rein, Mrs. Wurreraw, Retnuarpr, Greorce N., REISINGER, Curt. H., REMINGTON, FRANKLIN, ReEMSEN, CILARLEs, Rensuaw, Howarp Price, Reyna, Mrs. Narwanier C., Reynotps, E. B., Reyno.ps, T'Hos. A., RHEINLANDER, Mrs. F. W., Ruerr, Miss Lorence, RHINELANDER, Pum, Rice, Cuarwes G., Ricuarp, Miss Ex.vrne, Ricrrarp, O. L.., Ricuarb, Epywin A., 21cHARDs, Cuaries A., Ricirarps, Epen, Ricuarps, EK. O., Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Trrrany, Ricrrarpson, Mrs. D. K., Riem, Simon R., ices; Gro. Cs Riker, Won. J., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 33 Ripley, JULIEN A., Rirre, Mrs. EF. J., Ross, Mrs. N. THayer, Rogrsrns, CranvDLer, Rorsrns, Mrs. Heren C., Roserts, G. Turopore, Roserts, Mrs. Cuas. Henry, Roserts, Miss Grace vaAN Braam, Roserts, Owen F., Rosertson, ALBEnt, Rosertson, L. J., *Ropertrson, R. H., Rozinson, Mrs. Dovuesas, Rozsinson, Epwarp, Roxzinson, G. H., Ropinson, Mrs. Monroe D., Rostnson, Miss Pautine, Rostson, WILLIAM, Rocne, Mrs. Burke, Rockeretter, Mrs. Wititiam G., RocKxeretier, Mrs. J. D., Jr., Rockwoop, Wituiam I., Ropewa.p, I’. L.., Ror, Cuantes F., Ror, Frank O., Roe, Irvine I.., Rocenrs, FE. I.., Rocers, Cuas. F., Rocers, Mrs. Cuas. F., Rocers, Mrs. Frawncts, Rocers, Huserr E., Roerrs, Mrs. Winitam Bevertey, Roxenxgaucu, Henry S., Route, Aucustus J., Roiirs, Frank S., RomsBoucn, Joun B., Roor, Ciarence M., Roosevetr, Mrs. James, Roosrvetr, Mrs. Hitporne L., Roostverr, W. EMLeN, Root, Exinu, Rose, Mrs. A. SuwNner, RoseNTHAL, SYLVAN E., Rorn, Frevericx G. R., Rotn, J. E., Rornpartrir, ALBERT, Roruiaur, Rey. Anruony J., RoTrHwEL., James E., Rountns, R. S., JR., Rowranp, THomas, Rune, Louis, Ruut, Louts, Rumsey, Mrs. Ciraries Cary, Runyon, Carman R., Runyon, E. W., Runyon, Warrer Crark, Rurerti, Justus, Ruppert, Mrs. Jacos, Russert, Mrs. Horace, RusseLnt, Dr. Joun F., Ryan, Joun Barry, Ryan, Mrs. Tuomas [-., Rye, Arrior, Ryze. Granam, Sacus, Arriur, Sackett, Miss Heten H., Sacre, Joun H., Sampson, ALDEN, Sampson, Cirartes F., SanpDHAGEN, H., Sanps, Miss Anne A., Sanps, Mrs. Bensamin AymMar, Sancrr, Mrs. Rarprn, Sars, EF. A., Sarcent, Henry B., Sarcent, Grorce L1oyn, Sartrr_re, Mrs. H. L., Sarrerwuire, Presron P., Sauter, F., Sauter, Frep, Jr., ScarBurcu, Rozerr S., Scuarren, Anpreas |, Scrarrer, Enwarp C., Scuarrer, Henry, ScHALL, W., Scuank, Greorce I., ScuaveE, C. F., ScHaurrieRr, Mrs. A. F., Scuerer, Anon H., Scoenck, Henry veB., Scuener, A. L., Scueovr, A. L., Scuirr, Gustave H., Scurerrenin, Mrs. H. M., SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM JAy, SCHIMMEL, SIEGYRIED, Scuuicker, Carr P., SGHMELZEL, GrorGE, ScuMELzZEL, Miss Jane E., ScuMELZEL, James H., Scumipr, Witiiam P., Scumipr, Wittiam H., Scumipr, Iepor, ScHNanBEL, R. A., ScHNAKENBERG, D., ScHNIEWIND, Ewan H., SCHNIEWIND, H., Jn., ScHOEN, Carl, ScHOLLE, A. Hi, ScHONBRUNN, S. A., Scurac, Ciaries A., Scrrac, Louis, *ScuHreEITER, Henry, ScuuLtz, BERNHARD, Scatuyver, Miss [.ouisa Lee, Scuwas, Henry B. veV., * DECEASED 34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Scuwartrz, I.ewis F., Scuwarz, Hersert F., Scuwanz, Henry F., Scirwarzier, AnBerr J., ScorieLp, Miss Marton, Scorr, Donan, Scorr, Hon. Francis M., Scorr, Mrs. Frank H., Scorr, T11omas Brytne, Scorr, WILLTAM, Scovinte, Hersenrr, ScoviLte, Roserr, Scripner, Arricur IT., ScriBNER, CitARrLes, Scribner, Mrs. Cirarces, Scrymser, Mrs. James A., Scupper, Hew ert, Seaman, Dr. J.ouis I.., Srepewick, Roser, Ser, A. B., SeWENBERG, Orvo, Sericman, A. J., SELIGMAN, Epwin R. A., Sr1icoman, Georcr W., Srticman, Mrs. Isaac N., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SeLicMANn, Joserit L.., Srticman, Mrs. Jutia, Senrr, Mrs. Cuanrtes II., Seton, ALFRED, *Srexron, Lawrence E., Srymour, EpmuND, Snatruck, A. R.; Suaw, Franx A., Sueers, Dr. EF. A., Sneruan, Mrs. WinaiaMm F., Strerrietp, James R., Suerrietp, Mrs. James R., Srrevtpon, Fnwarp W., SireELDoN, Wiiitam C., Sueparp, Dr. Grorce A., Sueparb, Fintry J., Suevarp, Mrs. Kvuiorr F., Surparp, Miss Annir R., Suiman, Davin, Suipman, Ricuarp D., Sutpway, SAMUEL W., Sroemaxker, Henry W., Stronnarp, Horatio S., Snuxtuor, Orrto B., Sinitey, Mrs. H. W., Siepennonec, Remniarn, Jr, Siecer, Jacos, S1eceL, WILLIAM, Sinteckx, Henry G., Jr., Sineck, Mrs. Henny G., Jr., SinuimMan, James K., Siitiman, Harrrr, Sima, Aurrep I.., Simon, Roserr IX, Simon, Tro. A., Simyvson, Joun W., Srurvson, Ernesr 1.., Sincriamr, Mrs. Joun, Sinciain, Mrs. Winiiam, Sincer, Arriuur J., Sieet, Dr. Frank D., Skinner, M. -’., Suave, Francis Louis. Stavciter, R. B., Siaven, Rartriu IX., Stoan, Russens. h., Sroan, Mrs. Samurn, Sri@rettatig Ile Vos d/iRe. Stocum, Con. J. J., Siocum, ‘THomas W., Suioss, A. M., Saupr, ‘Titomas, SmiLey, DANIEL, Smi.uie, James C., Smituie, Ratrn, Smirit, AUGUSTINE J., SmirH, AuGustTUs, Smirn, C. Harorp, Saati, Mrs. Cranes S., Smirn, D., Smiti, Extas D., Smitu, Pierre J., Smiru, Roserr K., Sirirers, CHARLES, Smiruens, F. S., SmytH, FRANCIs, SNaRE, FREDERICK, Snow, E. G., SNYDER, VALENTINE P., SoLDWEDEL, FREDERICK A., SonDHEIM, PitEINAs, Sorciran, Mrs. Vicror, Sours, T.ours H., SpaLpIne, Kerri, Sparpinc, H. BoarpmMan, Sparrow, Mrs. Epwarp W., Spear, JAMEs, JR., SpreppeN, Frepenic O., Srencer, Mrs. Epwanrps, Spencer, ALEXANDER II., Sperry, Wiriiam M., Spryer, Mrs. James, Sprrzner, Georce W., Sprorrorp, Mrs, J. I.., Spracur, Mrs. Frank J., Spricc, Junce Carroi., Sprinc, Miss ANNA Riker, Sprincs, Ricuarp A., Spurr, Ii. W., Saurps, Dr. Epwarp H., * DECEASED TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 3 Saumne, Enen H. P., Srarrorp, WiLttaAM FREDERICK, Srarrorp, Mrs. Witt1am FREDERICK, Sram, ADOLFO, SrattrorryH, F., SranLey, ALFRED, Stanton, Frank McMir1an, STanTON, JoHN R., Srapies, Mrs. Joun J., Starr, Louts Morais, Srearns, E. Warp, Stearns, Louis, STEELE, CHARLES, SreELE, Mrs. Cuar es, Sterns, J. Ricn, Srein, Mrs. Atexis W., STEINECK, Epwarp, STEINHARDT, JOSEPH H., STEINMETz, JOUN A., STePpHENS, OLin J., SrepHeNs, Roperick, Stern, BENJAMIN, SreveNns, Freperic W., Stevens, Oscar E., Stevens, Mrs. Ricuarp, STEWART, ALEXANDER M., Stewart, Ceciz P., Srewart, Exwin K., Stewart, WILLIAM R., Stickers, Epwarp H., STILLMAN, CHAUNCEY, ST1LtMANn, Mrs. C. C., STILLMAN, JosePH F., STILLMAN, JaMEs A., Stimpson, Epwin B., Stimson, Dr. Dantet M., Stokes, Freperick A., Strokes, Mrs. JAMEs, Stone, Miss ANNIE, Stone, Cuarues A., Stone, Miss ExLiten J., Storrs, Luctus S., Stout, Josepu S., Stout, ANDREW V.,, *STRAIGHT, WILLARD, SrranceE, A. B., Srraus, H. Grant, Srraus, Mrs. Naruan, Jr., Straus. Percy S., Strauss, ALBERT, Srrauss, Freperick, Strauss, CuHaR_es, Strauss, Martin, SrreatT, JAMES, StTreET, W. A., STtrouHMeEyenr, I. G., Srrone, BENJAMIN, JR., Srronc, Ricuarp A., a | Srroock, JosEepi, Srroock, Louis S., SrrutHers, Duncan, Stuart, Rozsert, Srurces, Ciarence B., Srunces, Henry C., StrutHers, Duncan, Sucktey, Mrs. R. B., Suttivan, Mrs. James, Sutro, Lionet, SuypamM, Lampert, Swan, Mrs. J. Anprews, Swan, James A., Swanson, Dr. F. J., Swanzy, Mrs. Francis Mitts, Swartwout, Ropert Ecerron, Swayne, Mrs. Francis B., Swenson, S. A., Sworps, WILLIAM Vooruis, Syms, Dr. Parker, Taser, Miss Mary, Tasgor, F. H., Tart, Henry W., Tac, ALBERT, TAKAMINE, Joxkicil, Jr., Taxcotr, Mrs. James, TaxtmacE, Mrs. E. T. H., TANENBAUM, Moses, TatuaMm, Cuan_es, Taussic, Noan W., Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osnzorn, Taytor, Henry R., Taytor, James B., Taytor, Lioyp, Taytor, Moses, Taytor, Witt1aAm R. K., Tayztor, Roser C., Taytor, Witiiam A., TENNEY, DaNniIcEt G., TERRELL, CLybe B., Terry, Cuartes T., Terry, Mrs. Joun T., Terry, Ropvenicx, Jr., Terry, Wy tys, ‘Liracner, Arcir1BaLp G., Tiracirer, Mrs. Georce W., *THACHER, THOMAS, IMEI dio (OR Titaver, Harry Bares, Tuepaup, Mrs. Paut, Tuomas, Mrs.Howarp I.., Tuomas, Setu E., Jr.. Tiuompson, Artur G., Tirompson, Frarrincron M., Tuompson, Mrs. J. Topnuntir Tromrson, WiLL1AM Boyce, TuHomson, A. T., THomson, Giraup F., * DECEASED. 36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY THoriey, CHARLES, TuHorNeE, Mrs. Epwin, Tuorne, Cuas. SrocktTon, *THORNE, JONATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. JoNATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. W. V. S., Tuourser, H. F., TuunrssBy, SIDNEY, TIEDEMANN, Henry F., TIEDEMANN, THEODORE, Tiers, Mrs. ALexanver H., Tirrany, Louts C., Titrorp, Mrs. Henry Monrean, Titt, ALBERT, TiLtton, JosePH W., TIMMERMANN, Henry G., Timouat, JAMEs G., Timpson, JAMES, Top, J. Kennepy, Topp, M. Parsons, Topp, Wa ter B., TonNELE, Mrs. JoHN N., Townss, M. G., *TowNsEeND, Miss Amy C., TownsEND, Mrs. E. M., TowNsEND, EKpwin S., Townsenp, H. N., TowNsEND, Howarp, TowNsEND, Isaac, TowNsEND, James B., TowNnsEND, Mrs. James M., TowNsEND, J. H., TreNCH, Cuartes S., Trimsie, Mrs. Ricnanrp, Troescu_er, A. F., Trustow, Henry A., Tucker, Mrs. AGNneEs J., Tucker, Cart, TucKEerMAN, ALFRED, TuCKERMAN, Pauvt, TurNBULL, ARTHUR, TURNBULL, JOHN, TurNBULL, Mrs. Ramsay, TurnBULL, WILLIAM, TurNnoure, Georce E., Tuska, BENJAMIN, Tween, Mrs. Cuartes H., Twinine, E. S., Unt, Oswarp W., Upmann, Cart, VALENTINE, Mrs. Parrick A., VALENTINE, Dr. WitiiaM A., Van Beuren, Frepericx T., Jr., Van CortLanpnt, Avucustus, Van Cort, Harvey A., VaANDERBENT, TEUNIS J., Vanvbercrirt, S. H., VANDERPOEL, AMBROSE [., VaANDERPOEL, Mrs. Joun A., VANDERLIP, FRANK A., VAN DER SMissEn, Dr. G. J., Van Gersic, Barenpn, Van Incen, Mrs. Epwanp, Van INGEN, Mrs. E. H., Van Norven, Orromar H., Van Nostrranp, B. T., Van SINDEREN, Howanp, Van Sryck, Grorce W., VanVatzaH Hayes, Dr. Wxo., *Van WINKLE, Encar B., Varian, Wiser I.., Veatin, A. C., VELTEN, WILLIAM F., Vernay, ArtHour S., Vernon, Mrs. Catuerine ))., Vesper, Kari H., Vietor, THomas F., Vitta, ALFonso P., Viren, Dr. Freperic O., VoELKER, JOHN Pu., VocEeL, Herman, Vorcut, WitiiamM L.., von BernutH, Frepenicx A., von GontarD, Mrs. ALEXANDER, VON LENGERKE, JUSTUS, von Zepuitz, Mrs. ANNA M., VuILLEUMIER, Dr. Jutes A., WanieicH, Francis Raw te, Wacner, Cuartes H., Wacsrarr, Mrs. Atrrep, Warnwnricut, Mrs. J. Howanp, WaKELEE, Justus I., Watsrince, Henry D., Wa tcotr, Freperxc C., Watpo, R., Wates, Epwarp H., Watker, FE. R., WALKER, JOSEPH, JR., Waker, Bryanv, Wa ker, Gustavus A., Watker, W. I., WaLLer, STEWART, WALLERSTEIN, Dr. Max, WatsH, Mrs. Jutius, Jr., Watter, Epcar, Wa rer, Marin, Water, WiiiiaM I., Watty, A. R., Warsure, Pau M., Warp, ARTEMAs, Warpner, Henry Sreeve, Warpdwet., ALLEN, Warenporrr, Herman, Warnock, James K., Warnock, James KwNox, Warren, Georce H., * DECEASED. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 37 Warren, Mrs. J. Honarr, Warren, Luoyn, Wasusurn, THomas G., WasnHpurn, Wm. Ives, Warersury, JouN I., Watersury, Miss, Warniss, Mrs. Heren B., Watson, Mrs. J. Henry, Watson, Cuantes F., Wart, Tomas L., WEARNE, Harry, Wearuerser, Mrs. Enwin H., Wess, Mrs. ALexanper S., Wess, F’. Ecrrron, Wess, J. Griswop, Wess, Mrs. VANDERBIL', Wess, Mrs. WILLIAM Srewarp, Weeks, ANDREW Gary, Weeks, JouHN E., Wetcie, Cuaries H., Wetter, Mrs. Juri O., WeErnic, BERNARD, Weise, Mrs. Ciias., WEIss, J ULIUS, Weitiinc, Witiiam W., Wetcu, Henny K. M., Wetcu, Mrs. S. Cuar_es, We ts, Mrs. Joun, WELLs, OLiver J., WEssEL, J. HENRy, Wessett, Arruur L., West, Dr. WiLLiAM, Westover, M. F., Wuarton, Miss N. C., Wueetock, Mrs. G. G., WHeeEtock, Wm. H., Wuirte, A. M., W ure, CAROLINE, Wuite, Haron T., Wuiret, Leonarp D., Wuitenouse, J. Henry, Wuirenouse, Norman, Wurrenovuse, WiiuiaM IF., Wuirrnc, Dr. Cuantts A., Wuitine, H. F., Wuittnc, Miss Gertrruve, WHITMAN, CLARENCE, Wuitman, Wir1iaM, JR., Wuirney, H. F., Wuirtremore, Howarp, Winore, F. B., WickersHam, Geonrce W., Wiese, WILLIAM, WiccieswortH, Henry, Witxins, F. H., Wittcox, Miss Mary A., Witticox, WitiiaMm G., WitiaMs, Arex. S., Wiuiiams, ALLEN S., WitiraMs, ArTHUR, WituiiaMs, C. S., WriuiamMs, Criarence FE., Witurams, Mrs. Percy H., WitiraMs, Ricuarp H., Jr., WitiiaMs, WILLIAM, WiiraMs, Wititram H., Witiramson, Mrs. Buttirr, Wis, W. P., Wiuutston, JAMeEs R., Witson, Cuas. B., Wuson, Henry WILLIAM, Wisson, Herrick East, Witson, James Goprrey, Wuson, M. Orme, Witson, R. THorNTON, Wimrpruermmer, Cuas. A., Wrivcatt, Georce W., Winter, Emit, WINTER, JULIUS, Winxtunop, Ecerton L., Jr., Wrintiror, Mrs. Roserr, Wise, Epmonp E., WIsNER, CHARLES, Wiruerses£, Mrs. Frank S., WiTTMAN, JOSEPH, Wobsrz, G. ArTHuR, Woop, ARNOLD, Woop, Girpert Concpon, Woop, J. Watrter, Woop, Wi111amM Conecpon, WoopHouse Company, J. S., Woopuouse, Mrs. J. Stuyvesant, Woopuovuse, Mrs. Josrpyu S., Woopruvurr, Apert C., Woopwarp, Kennetu N., Woopwarp, Mrs. WILLIAM, Woo ey, C. M., Worcester, Witrrep J., Work, Brerrram G., Worttey, R. M. Sruarr, WricutsmMan, C. J., Woutp, WittamM C., Wvycxorr, Mrs. Peter Brown, Yorke, Georce M., Youne, A. Murray, Younc, Mrs. A. Murray, ZABRISKIE, GrorGE A., ZEHNDER, C. H., ZINN, GEORGE, Zinsser, AUGUST, ZoLLER, CHARLES, 38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ladies’ Auxiliary Apert, Miss li. L., Baker, Mrs. Grorce F., Jr., Crark, Mrs. Gro. C., Crark, Mrs. J. F. A., Cuyter, Miss, Firtp, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon, Grant, Mrs. DeForest, Hamirron, Mrs. WM. Pierson, Harriman, Mrs. J. Bornen, Hoyr, Mrs. Henry R., Hastrincs, Mrs. THos., Isexin, Mrs. Artuur, Morean, Mrs. Pierpon'r, Morcan, Miss ANNE, Maynarp, Mrs. Water E., Martin, Mrs. Surrron E., Nites, Mrs. Wm. Wuite, Orn, Mrs. Srepuen H., Ossorn, Mrs. H. Fatrrievp, Parsons, Miss, Pyne, Mrs, Percy R., Rocxeretter, Mrs. Wo. G., Ruerr, Miss, Roninson, Miss Pautine, Srevens, Mrs. Ricuarp, Sancer, Mrs. Ratpeu, SHEPARD, Mrs. FINteEy J.,, Speyer, Mrs. JAmMeEs, Titrorp, Mrs. Henry M., Trimbie, Mrs. Ricuarp, *TownsenpD, Miss Amy, Townsend, Miss Amy, TuorneE, Mrs. Wo. V. S., Wess, Mrs. ALEXANDER, S., Woopwarp, Mrs. Wm. Summary of Membership Honorary, and, Corresponding, Members: 2. -)...10-1-15- 4-5 oan ee Brel O Wis) eeedcre cis ae satisvereuewatienchat agers opinions Seetosss sic) Gua ay suse: suopegaiere: cna cisvhle She oR ee en Hounmers in Perpetuity: crc sels. oe oes eels 2152) sosuslereisiale «er ne Oe eee RHONDDA G KEN HCS arco. crore OOD SiginG Clos Cero CIOIO nino’ COMO AOR OI ep Geb oon oc te Oe 0° Oc Sustaining Membersiaaccirn reer ler leckrry- oom i eiteienionier sem torrie IGE ZUBIN RA Eb ong dou poodads oom oe HOO Uam SD dou moOUODGUNUEadOD Oualification for Regular Membership AN Nitales Membensmes eee $ 10 ifes Members) ee 200 IRatrons: 2.202 ee 1,000 Benefactors ee 5251000 * DECEASED. Associate Founders 2... Founders: ce tee eee ee Founders in Perpetuity, Form of Bequest I do hereby give and bequeath to the “NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIBTY, of the City of New York... Fe OE To Cole: ARO re POS (at BRS a2 © * oi +e C4 CHAPMAN-BURCHELL ZEBRAS These specimens were brought from South Africa by Mr. A. K. Haagner. Photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE Executive Committee respectfully submit the following report to the Board of Managers for the year 1920: The Committee regret to announce the death on May 16, 1920, of Mr. Levi P. Morton, a Founder in Perpetuity. Mr. Morton was President ot the New York Zoological Society from 1897 to 1908 and a member of the Board of Managers since its organization. The Committee also report with regret the death of the late Jacob H. Schiff, on September 25, 1920. Mr. Schiff was the first to urge the establishment of an Endowment Fund, to which he subscribed liberally. Resolutions passed on the occasion of the deaths of the above appear at the end of this report. Mr. Henry D. Whiton was elected to fill the vacancy in the Class of 1921 caused by the death of the late Levi P. Morton. MEMBERSHIP. During the year 1920, a call for new members was sent out to a selected list of names, which resulted in securing 17 new Life Members and 328 Annual Members. 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The total enrolled membership of the Society, as of Decem- ber 31, 1920, is as follows: fronorary Members: 2. tae eee f( Mellowisihectiece es ee ee 35 Corresponding Members ............. 8 BENCTACEORS, 32ers. eros, tine homie 5 Founders-in: Perpetuity..... > 2-45-25 5 15 FOQuNndeYS > .2 ocho. b coak, 6 oh ee 12 Associates Moundenss-. sc4- ee Ae 9 Patronss «Ax fos Cite eee eee 32 LirteuMembers: at eck oe ee 336 Sustainine: Memiers ose eee ee LZ AnnualeMieémbers: 25.5... ose ee PAIS: Ihadites; “Ausiliary..2....5.005 sce ot 15) BOGARDE wy eee Pros ek a eee 2,684 After deducting the resignations and deaths, the net results of the year is a gain of 296 members over the year 1919. ATTENDANCE. The number of visitors at the two institutions for 1920, as compared with 1919, is as follows: Park Aquarium OZ Geet ae Pap PASN eI LIEGE 1,994,548 NOISE Ses, BET ee: 2,035,859 1,850,973 Increases .=)- 214,318 148,575 Total for 1920, 4,244,725. The heavy annual increases in attendance at the Zoological Park and the Aquarium are very gratifying evidence of the in- creasing popularity of these institutions. The attendance at the Park and Aquarium has reached proportions never previously attained and is larger than that of any kindred institutions in the country and, perhaps, in the world. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 43 COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu- ary 1, 1921, is as follows: January 1, 1921 January 1, 1920 Species Specimens Species Specimens Mammals)... 52. 196 629 lire 648 IBiROS 8 20h. oo 197 DAL 726 2,562 Reptiles cach... 85 465 81 548 1,078 3,506 980 3,758 As compared with January 1, 1920, this census shows an increase of 96 species and a decrease of 252 specimens. The health of the animals continues good, and the only im- portant losses during 1920, including a number of animals destroyed on account of old age and disabilities, were as follows: Mammals: Eighteen deer, two sloth bears, one antelope, three bison, two sea lions, two capybaras, one bear, one chimpanzee (imm.), one blessbok, one lechwe waterbuck, one bactrian camel, two Rocky Mountain sheep, one koala, one panda. Birds: Two emus, two storks, four cranes, two swans, one black-footed penguin, two vultures, one kaka, one cassowary, one lesser bird of paradise, one satin bower bird, one cock-of-the- rock, one North African ostrich. The important acquisitions were: Mammals: One blessbok, one capybara, two California sea lions, one giant ant-eater, three mule deer, two African hogs, one rufus kangaroo, one red kangaroo, one mandrill, one kaola, two Tasmanian devils, three wombats, two Bernard’s kangaroos, one albino fox, one sable antelope, one kudu, one lechwe waterbuck, two springbucks, one gnu, one blessbok, one mountain zebra, two Chapman-Burchell zebras, two Rocky Mountain sheep, two white- fronted musk-oxen. Birds: One stork, one Imperial Amazon parrot, two keas, one turquoisine parrakeet, one Princess Alexandra’s parrakeet, one Barraband parrakeet, two black cockatoos, one gang-gang cockatoo, four blue birds of paradise, two rifle birds, one kagu, one New Guinea kingfisher, two ocellated megapodes, two Aus- tralian cranes, one Macklot pitta, one Bennett’s cassowary, one 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY wreath-billed hornbill, two Reinwardt scrub-fowls, one manu- code. During the year the Zoological Park received from abroad many important accessions of mammals, birds and reptiles. Besides receipts from miscellaneous sources, three large collec- tions arrived from England, South Africa and Australia. These important accessions had the effect of filling nearly all the hith- erto empty cages at the Zoological Park. Full statements re- garding these accessions will appear in the Zoological Society Bulletin and in the report of the Director of the Zoological Park in this volume. COLLECTIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. January 1, 1921 January 1, 1920 Species Specimens Species Specimens Wishes... cceuens 138 3,525 120 2,704 Reptiles sicrercate 2a 253 23 131 Amphibians ..... 7 38 8 60 Invertebrates .... 20 2,893 15 lor Mammals: ==. =-5- 2 6 2, 3 190 67715 168 4,055 Compared with January 1, 1920, this census shows an in- crease of twelve species and 2,660 specimens. Plans for the alterations of the Aquarium, by transferring the boilers to the front of the building, are approaching com- pletion. The emergency repairs to the roof of the Aquarium and to the boilers have been completed and will be paid for by the City. During the year, eleven of the glass-fronted exhibition tanks on the main floor of the Aquarium were enlarged by the Society at a cost of $2,440, thus completing this important im- provement of the main floor tanks. The well-boat Seahorse, built and equipped by the Society at a cost of $4,334.25, was in service about two days a week from May 29 to November 8, 1920. The boat made twenty-six trips, collecting over 3,000 fishes of sixty different species, be- sides many invertebrates, useful both as exhibits and as fish food. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 45 ALTERATIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. In order to provide sufficient space for the increase of the collections at the Aquarium resulting from use of the collecting boat, the Society authorized the enlargement of eleven tanks to more than double their former capacity. The cost of this struc- tural alteration to the Aquarium was $2,440. The deterioration of the roof of the Aquarium became so marked that in the autumn of 1920 the Society was obliged to take immediate action and make emergency repairs. These re- pairs were completed before the close of the year at a total cost of $900. At the same time, defects in one of the boilers at the Aqua- rium developed and called for immediate repair at the cost of $500. Both of these emergency items were paid for by the Society and an application has been made to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for repayment by special revenue bonds. Being unable to obtain action from the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the structural alterations needed at the Aquarium, the Society decided to proceed at its own expense with the removal of the boilers to the front of the building and to use the space vacated for additional tanks. The work involved calls for an expenditure of about $75,000, and plans have been pre- pared by Mr. H. DeB. Parsons, which are nearly completed. The contract for this alteration will be awarded by the Society in the near future so that the work itself can be done during the summer. Application will be made to the City for corporate stock in a similar amount for the purpose of providing a new roof and for the construction of an additional story for office space and scientific research. MAINTENANCE. Park.—The sum of $250,544 was provided by the City for the maintenance of the Zoological Park during the year 1920. While this was a substantial increase over the amount allowed for the preceding year and while it provided in most cases for a proper increase in small salaries, no provision was made for in- creasing the salaries of the staff officers, whose pay had remained 46 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY stationary for nearly fifteen years. At the same time, the in- crease during 1920 in the cost of fuel and other supplies created a serious deficit. In view of these two conditions the Society was compelled to step in and save both situations, raising a special fund of about $18,000, with which to increase the pay of the officers, and purchase the required balance of supplies. In the budget for 1921, an application has been made to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for additional funds with which to meet imperative needs. The strict rules laid down by the City authorities make the administration of city funds sometimes very difficult. For 1921 the City has provided a fund for the Zoological Park maintenance of $282,400, which we hope may prove sufficient. Aquarium.—tThe situation at the Aquarium is much the same as that of the Park. The sum of $61,486 was provided for the maintenance at the Aquarium for the year 1920 and proved insufficient because of the unexpected increase in the cost of supplies, especially of coal. Application also has been made for special revenue bonds to meet this increased cost, which, if granted, will enable the Aquarium to keep within its allowance for 1920. The increased costs of coal and other supplies were taken into consideration by the City in providing a maintenance for the Aquarium for 1921, and the Society has been given for this purpose the sum of $65,653. SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION. A special subscription was raised among the Board of Managers to meet the anticipated deficit in the Aquarium and Park Maintenance Funds and in the Income Account. The following subscriptions for this purpose have been received : Georves Baker.) eae $1,000.00 GeorgecDs Bratt. s 2c 1,000.00 Percy A. Rockefeller............ 1,000.00 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT AT MortimeroE Schifi... 4.3.0 so <2 1,000.00 Emerson Me McMillin... 2. 1,000.00 Georgvesde GOulde: ec sores ce 1,000.00 ColemancduPonts;..6: 15-00 na. 1,000.00 Hee Cu CONVETSC. cote 5 ok nome uaes 1,000.00 Baward S> Harkness.>. 4.45.5. 1,000.00 AjJBarton Hepburne. 5. s..6.40-- 1,000.00 Ca dledvyard--blair.... sea eae ee 500.00 Roberts. Brewster..- os .cso0--s- 500.00 hispenard Stewart ... 0). e5:2. 500.00 Cleveland: Hs Dodge. ..2.02.3.2..- 500.00 Chass Dieterich:..5-. 45. 54. - 500.00 Wm. b--Osvood Melds. en. s:.. 250.00 Mdwine Chorney ssa. wees ee 100.00 Walliam: Woodward: ... 4.2.22: 100.00 GeorcesG: Clarke... 2.6 Wastes 100.00 Ota sere. ee ae eae ee $13,050.00 The Executive Committee desire to take this opportunity to express their appreciation for these generous subscriptions. At the present writing the Executive Committee believe that the maintenance allowance provided for both the Park and Aquarium for 1921 will cover the cost of supplies and nearly all of the salaries. Some of the officials of the Society are, how- ever, not adequately recompensed for their long continued ser- vice and the great skill used by them in keeping their institutions at the present high standard of excellence. It was no small task to bring the Park and Aquarium through the trying years of the war, and to keep the collections properly supplied with food and heat, and the Society owes a debt of gratitude to those who achieved these results. FINANCES. Bequest of Mrs. Russell Sage—On May 14, 1920, the Ex- ecutors of the Sage Estate turned over to the Society, in cash and securities at market value, the sum of $500,000, less the advancements with interest previously made to the Society, amounting to $10,926.67, : 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The cash was invested in securities under the direction of the Finance Committee and a portion of the securities were sold and reinvested, all of which appears at length in the Treasurer’s Report. It is believed that a second installment on account of the Sage bequest will be made during the spring of 1921. A letter of thanks, expressing the appreciation of the Society to the Executors of the Estate of Margaret Olivia Sage, was written by the Executive Committee, and it was determined that the improvement of the Aquarium should be in the form of a memorial to this great benefactress of science. The following were the balances to the credit of the Society’s various accounts on January 1, 1921: Income «Account. iene eee oe hee eee $9,295.14 Save Hndowmentsltund.s:. «2.06 «aca ss asst. ee 1,837.54 Endowment Fund (Cash uninvested).............. 2,622.56 WG ait gare) RIEU OG Lames Nes ee eRe a Renna at Samy a ea enrae an mena Rea 38,235.73 Special Trust Funds: Cadwalader Animal Fund........... $1,696.58 Stokes ir CuI sens. ce rca sree 358.54 2,055.12 Improvement and Repair Fund.................... 11,462.33 Special Funds: Bublication (Mund ooo. neaseee dee cok 1,896.02 Tropical Research Mund) 323.22... .- 679.67 Art Gallery Mun eae atc 2.5 a 5,082.91 Heads and Horns Building Fund.... 1,661.98 Het raiey sun ese ree heres 38.54 Wald Maite smund) csp eeeaee cee 1,065.63 National Collection Heads and Horns 155.03 10,579.78 $76,088.20 INCOME ACCOUNT. The Income Account shows a balance of over $9,000. This was solely due to the inclusion in this account of the subscrip- tions of the Managers for the Special Maintenance for 1920. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 49 The constant overdrafts in the other funds of the Society have to be met by appropriations from the General Income Account, and even the Pension Fund is maintained only by the contribution from the Income Account of $3,665 annually. This fund is now, and always has been, the weakest of all the Society’s accounts, because upon it falls the burden of emergencies. Its pitifully small size cripples the activities of the Society in its office force, and especially in the matter of campaigning for new members. The Society needs at least $2,000,000 in its General Endowment Fund, independently of the Sage Endowment Fund, in order that it may have an income sufficient to maintain its regular work. Even this amount would leave only a narrow margin for the support of outside enterprises or for the expansion of its scientific work, either in original re- search work or in publications. The Executive Committee cannot urge too strongly upon the members the importance of increasing the Endowment Fund of the Society. It has been a disappointment to the Committee to find the Society so often overlooked in the bequests of decedents who have been more than generous in their contributions to sim- ilar institutions, which have been longer in the field and conse- quently have accumulated far larger funds. ANIMAL FUND. The amount to the credit of the Animal Fund at the end of the year was $38,235.73. During the year, the Society donated to the London Zoological Gardens a collection of birds and mam- mals to help in the re-establishment of that institution, amounting to 234 birds, representing 103 species, and 9 mammals. CADWALADER ANIMAL FUND. The balance on hand in this fund was $1,696.58. During the year $1,248.95 were appropriated from this fund for the ex- pense of shipping the gifts of the Society to London. STOKES BIRD FUND. The use of this fund*is limited to the protection of bird life, and the only expenditures made from it during the year was a 50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY subscription of $500 to the French National League for the Pro- tection of Birds. It is well known that the protection of birds in the south of Europe is most unsatisfactory, and the bird pro- tectors ot France are making vigorous efforts to establish their work on a thoroughly efficient basis. ENDOWMENT FUND. The General Endowment Fund of the Society increased dur- ing the year and is $402,082.21, inclusive of securities and cash uninvested. It was enlarged during the year by the addition of 15 Life Members and subscriptions as follows: Mrs. Wm. B. Osgood Field........ $250.00 Mrs; Minleya J. shepards...2.. 45. 100.00 Misselimuily Buchis so s%. sess +e 5.00 Estate of John Leyden............ 194.75 nO bale Sens: see Pern ae ater $549.75 Your Committee is constantly embarrassed by the meager- ness of its General Endowment Fund. The opportunities for the Society’s usefulness in the field for the conservation of wild life is expanding and the demand on the Society for scientific research work and publication is urgent. No similar organization accomplishes so much with such inadequate means and with such a small overhead charge. The income from the Sage Estate came just in time to tide us over the crisis occasioned by the war, but even with that, the need of a large endowment is still the most pressing problem your Committee has to face. ART GALLERY FUND. A large painting of an American wapiti, by Carl Rungius, was added to the collection during the year, and a painting of American flamingoes ordered of Louis Agassiz Fuertes is nearing completion. There is a balance on hand in this fund of $5,082.91. The Committee intend to make every effort*to complete the gallery of North American animals in time to have the pictures ready TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 51 for exhibition as soon as wall space in the galleries of the Ad- ministration Building is made available by the removal of the Heads and Horns collection to the proposed new Museum. It is the purpose of your Committee to ultimately have a complete Gallery of all the large North American animals in their native surroundings. More than half of the species already are represented by paintings. In the meantime the smaller mammals and birds will be painted in the order of their increasing scarcity, and the animals most threatened by extermination will receive immediate atten- tion. In the case of the fur-bearing animals, this is a matter of pressing importance. To complete the collection at least $10,000 will be needed, and subscriptions for this purpose will be welcome. A collection of early American hunting prints, inclusive of hunting and bird shooting, is being assembled by the Art Com- mittee, and Dr. George Bird Grinnell of the Board of Managers has succeeded in gathering many interesting early prints that will be placed on exhibition as soon as space is available. During the year important moving photographic records of animals at the Zoological Park have been made by Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles. These pictures were shown to the Managers and members at the various meetings of the Society. Through the use of some of them in the theaters throughout the country the interest in the Zoological Park has been greatly fostered. In this way we have secured our only permanent records of certain rare animals, which lived only a short time at the Park, such as the koala, an extraordinary arboreal marsupial, which died a few days after its arrival from Australia. The Executive Committee intend to encourage the develop- ment of its photographic department as soon as funds are avail- able for such purposes. TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION. The Tropical Research Station was reopened in April, 1920, under the charge of its Director, Mr. William Beebe. The re- ports received from time to time from Mr. Beebe indicate a very 52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY active and successful season, with a large number of visitors to the station. The Research Station is acquiring a great reputation, which in turn reacts most favorably on the fame of the Society. The work of the Station is more particularly described in the report for 1920 by Director Beebe. The subscriptions to the Tropical Research Station for the past year were as follows: Hdward S.-barkness...:.0..25..0 =o1,000:00 Col, Anthony, Re user ct. oe oe 1,000.00 HC sConverseecee aoe oe ne 1,000.00 eX, JEG AROT IBIS HOU RA sas oos Ha coc 1,000.00 Georcerd Gouldtewe ae. c 5 ak sees 1,000.00 Mortimer We Sehitie- 2 = 45--. 05052 1,000.00 Cleveland at Dodees. ne. 500.00 Crabedyvands Blain. sactea scence ae: 500.00 Ota tye he Oe sacks st el ee = OOO LOU As the Station will be kept open longer this year, at least $10,000 will be needed for the coming year. PHEASANT MONOGRAPH. The second volume of the Pheasant Monograph will be pub- lished during the spring of 1921, and thereafter Volumes III and IV will appear in quick succession. Sales in America of this magnificent work up to January 1, 1921, amounted to 214 copies. The conditions imposed by the war having been removed, it is believed that the completion of the final volumes of this Monograph will not be further delayed. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. The approaching construction of the Heads and Horns Museum has led to further activities in increasing this collection. The most notable accession of the year was a world’s-first- record horns of the African Buffalo. The collection requires, and must have as soon as possible, several more heads of giraffe, rhinoceros, elephants and a number of other species. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 5S HEADS AND HORNS MUSEUM. Plans and specifications for this building have been pre- pared by Henry D. Whitfield, Architect, and were submitted to competitive bidding. The estimates, however, were so high that the Society has postponed the erection of this Museum until building costs decline. On account of the increased cost of building, at least $40,000 of additional subscriptions must be secured to add to the $100,000 now on hand, and four subscriptions of $10,000 each are greatly needed. The subscriptions to this fund are as follows: Mrs. Russell Sage.. eA pil O ZOO 0200 Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson. 10,000.00 Estate of John D. Archbold...... 10,000.00 MaACOM ME eS Chik tae aera eee 10,000.00 George Ky Baker ne ae eee 10,000.00 Mrs. Andrew Carnegie........... 10,000.00 Amare weCarnegier. ac. sho sa a 10,000.00 Kdmund=]C.-Conversey. 225 ae.222 . 10,000.00 Samuel Thorne (In Memoriam) .. 10,000.00 Guaranteed by individual mem- bers of the Executive Committee 10,000.00 $100,000.00 WILD LIFE PROTECTION. The law removing protection from female deer in the Ad- irondacks has been repealed, owing to the decimation of the herds and also the loss of human life which resulted from it. The result of the doe-killing law was foretold by the representa- tive of the Society, and the law never should have been placed upon the statute books. The results were so disastrous that there is no danger of its restoration. The Society paid a reward of $100 to George Tonkin, United States Game Warden of Boise, Idaho, and a reward of $100 to Sheriff E. E. Woodcock of Lakeview, Oregon, for having arrested and secured the conviction of two violators of the game law of Oregon for killing prong-horned antelope. The arrests and the conviction of these men were of great importance to the protec- tion of the few remaining antelope in southeastern Oregon, and the Society feel that the rewards were well earned. 54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATION FUND. The balance on hand on January 1, 1921, was $1,896.02. The enormous cost of printing has checked the publication of the Society during the year, but a new Aquarium Guide Book was made available. It was prepared by the Director of the Aquarium after years of study, and contains 170 pages of text and 160 pages of illustrations. The regular publications of the Society, while somewhat de- layed, appeared during the year as follows: The Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Society for the year 1919. The six Bulletins for the months of January, March, May, July, September and November. One of these Bulletins was the White Rhinoceros number, containing an article by Herbert Lang, Assistant Curator of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, which virtually forms a popular monograph on the White Rhinoceros and is of great Zoological value. Of Zoologica Vol. II, Nos. 10 and 11 were published. LIBRARY FUND. While the Library Fund is able to purchase from time to time the new zoological publications that are most important to the practical work of the Zoological Park, it is highly desirable that as soon as funds become available, extensive purchases of books may be made to bring the Library up to a standard that will be in keeping with the general work of the Society. A special appeal has been made to the members of the Society for books or for money to purchase books for this pur- pose. The Fund requires at least $5,000 in order that the Society’s Library may be brought up to date. IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIRS. The difficulty of obtaining labor and the necessity for econ- omizing during the war led to the accumulation of many needed repairs both to buildings and to walks and roads. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 55 During the year, the following items of work have been done and charged against this Fund: New Blackbirds’ cage erected; Reptile House roof repaired; new drainage for Elephant House basement; new boiler for Lion House; upper bear dens repaired; sixteen new Parrot Cages erected; Eagles’ Aviary re- paired; cage floors of Mammal House repaired, and extensive walk repairs. CARNEGIE PENSION FUND. Important and valuable as this Fund is to the Society as a safeguard and protection to its employees, who have long ren- dered valuable service at inadequate salaries, it is nevertheless a source of continuous drain upon the Income Account, because it requires an annual contribution of $3,665. The Carnegie Foundation appears to be unwilling to assist the Society in this matter, although the Fund was established by the late Andrew Carnegie and bears his name. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Research Department under Dr. George S. Huntington has continued to make use of the material received from our collections. The skins and skeletons were turned over to the American Museum of Natural History, so that it now is safe to say that there is an increasing scientific use made of the material available at the Park. If the Society had the funds, a Biological Laboratory could be constructed at the Park and many valuable observa- tions could be made upon the living collections and upon the soft parts of their anatomies when they die. CONSERVATION. The most serious matter of conservation that has engaged the attention of the Society during the year has been the pro- tection of National Parks. There has been powerful effort made to exploit the National Parks for water power and irrigation. The Smith Bill, which would have destroyed the south- western corner of Yellowstone Park, which is almost the last stand of the moose in the West, was defeated with difficulty. *pazvIqiyxe IaA9 Ajal00g ayy yey} Ivaq aejod ay} Jo suouoeds yoesaod ysouL BY} Fo 9uO Jo ydeasojoyd Suryiys W «ONIN YAATIS,, “UVEA AVI1Od TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 57 Another project is on foot to raise the level of Yellowstone Lake, which will flood the upper reaches of the Yellowstone River. Similar attacks are being made on Roosevelt Park in the West. These attacks on National Parks are based upon the un- fortunate precedent established by the Government in sacrificing the Hetch-Hetchy Valley to commercial exploitation for the bene- fit of San Francisco. The forces of conservation are thoroughly aroused to the danger, but funds will be required to meet these continuous assaults and the New York Zoological Society should assist in every way possible. One of the Managers of our Society, Dr. George Bird Grinnell, is actively engaged in this work. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. Work on the Bronx Parkway has made great headway dur- ing the year. The section immediately north of Bronx Park has been transformed from a collection of rock piles and tenements into what will be one of the most beautiful parks in the city. Members of the Society are urged to view the very interest- ing operation of the dredges and steam shovels before old con- ditions are obliterated beyond recognition. RECEPTIONS. Annual Dinner.—The Twelfth Annual Dinner to the Board of Managers was given through the courtesy of Mr. Madison Grant at the Knickerbocker Club, on Monday, December 27, 1920. Reception at the Aquarium.—This was held on Monday evening, June 7, 1920. At the Zoological Park Ladies’ and Mem- bers’ day was observed on May 20, 1920. It was preceded by the Spring Meeting of the Board at the Administration Building. 58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS. 1921-22. Annual Meeting of the Society : JANUARY 10, 1922, 8:30 P. M. Hotel Waldorf-Astoria. Meetings, Board of Managers. January 1951922..3200 P.M. May 19, 1921.2 -30) Pave Annual Meeting, Park Meeting, Down Town Association. Preceded by Luncheon at 1:30 P. M. Aquarium Reception. October 17, 1921. Annual Dinner, December 27, 1921. Executive Committee Meetings. January 13, May 12, February 10, June 9, March 10, October 13, April 14, November 10, December 8. Members’ Day and Ladies’ Day at the Zoological Park: May 19> 1920) 32002. i. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 59 AUDITING. The Auditors of the Society, Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, have audited and found correct the accounts of the Society, including the system of receiving and paying for supplies at the Park and at the Aquarium. The Auditors’ report, as well as that of the Auditing Com- mittee, follows the report of the Treasurer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The Directors of the Park and Aquarium and their respec- tive staffs have done everything possible to facilitate the work in their respective institutions and to maintain them at a high standard of efficiency, in spite of the discouragements of the year. The Committee desire to acknowledge their zeal and faith- fulness. Respectfully submitted, MADISON GRANT, Chairman, PERCY. RK. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK R. STURGIS, A. BARTON HEPBURN, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. Resolutions of the Executive Committer of the Board of Managers nf the New York Zoolonical Soriety finn. Levi J. Morton The Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society deeply regret to announce tke death of their associate, HON. LEVI P. MORTON, a member of the class of 1921. Mr. Morton, a Founder in Perpetuity, was presi- dent of the New York Zoological Society from 1897 to 1908 and a member of the Board of Managers since its organization. Jacoh G. Schitt The Executive Committee also deeply regret to an- nounce the death of their associate, Jacob H. Schiff. Mr. Schiff became a member of the Society in 1897, was elected to the Board of Managers of the class of 1901, and at the time of his death was a benefactor. ee ee : 4 : ee 4 - 7 . os F ~« a ms! ¢ oa] 4 on ; 7 4 t i is 1 7 i” a oe ieee ays : eT = - an 5 iF ei } ° =5 a s = 3 a) ¥ a é a a ’ Te a » ' _ fe - . ¢ ' + 1 = 1 a an ‘ D> a = ’ ‘ om , a a yi =" 7 a a. 4 " il s “1 > fea ee oo. pa) a a i wees h y | yee se _.9 F& se eee ac aaa aaa aaa A aaa ccc tareaaancaaacacacccaaaaaaaaaaaaamceaaaicaatl “usoques “Yy UuIM[m Aq Ydeirdojo4g MOOOVHd NVIGNI ONIA TV ae tty en REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS BUSINESS meeting of the Ladies’ Auxiliary of the New York Zoological Society was held on December 9, 1920, at the beautiful office of Mr. Thomas Hastings, where, for many years, the ladies have enjoyed his courteous hospitality, in permitting them to hold their reunions in so convenient and central a situation. At the meeting, reports from the various committees showed good activity during the year 1920. Membership in the Zoologi- cal Society increased, sums were added to the Endowment Fund, and during the summer nearly 3,000 children were treated to lunch, carfare, and guidance to the wonders of the Zoological Park. Through the generosity of the ladies, which made this work possible, the children spent the heated midsummer days in the Park, instead of in the sweltering asphalt streets of the lower East Side. Children of members and their friends have their own committee, known as the Junior Auxiliary of the New York Zoological Society. In May, 1918, the children collected and sent $500 to Director Hornaday to purchase three ostriches for the Society, and in August, 1920, they sent $600 more to the Director, with which he purchased a fine Burchell’s zebra. The interest of these children is due largely to the personality of Director Horna- day, wno is untiring in his enthusiasm, and who knows; how ta arouse the same enthusiasm in the young. A most delightful midwinter lecture was held at the resi- dence of Mrs. Vanderbilt, 2 West 58th Street, on February 5, 1920, at which, after expressing to Mrs. Vanderbilt the appreci- ation of the Ladies’ Auxiliary, President Osborn of the Society introduced William Beebe, Director of the Tropical Research 64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Station, who spoke at length on “Jungle Life and its Opportuni- ties for Scientific Investigation.” He gave a most vivid descrip- tion of the South American jungle and its living inhabitants. The lecture was beautifully illustrated by pictures in color, so real that the presentation seemed the jungle itself. Despite an unusually severe storm, a large audience was present, and inter- est in the Society’s activities was thus extended. The annual Spring Garden Party was held at the Zoological Park on May 20. It was a rare, sparkling spring day, and New Yorkers, with their usual love and appreciation of the beautiful, attended in large numbers, and with real delight basked in the sunshine, visited the animals—all rejoicing in spring—walked through the lovely woods, and admired the exquisite spring foliage of the flowers and shrubs. Music on the lawn, and a few military uniforms added a fine touch to the scene, and it was a most delightful afternoon, all appreciating the glories of the Park. Respectfully submitted, Mrs. H. FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. ae neater Bae dea’ Ses MOUNTAIN ZEBRA A very perfectly formed specimen of this very rare species. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE balance sheet of the general status of the Zoological Park for 1920 is a great improvement over that for 1919. The debit for financial and labor worriments is far overshadowed by the great accessions of new arrivals, the phenominally light death roll and the healthy condition of the collections. The labor shortages that have heavily handicapped the Department of Repair and Construction now are less serious, and very soon we will be able to secure the help that we need at the rates that we are able to pay. In view of the heavy financial burdens that the city now is bearing and the new burdens of the Zoological Society on account of the maintenance of the Zoological Park, the old arrangement by which the gate receipts and net profits of all the privilege business go into the fund for the purchase of animals has become a most valuable means of Park support. Notwithstanding the generous increase in our annual main- tenance, the Society is obliged to play the part of a general stabilizing institution in salaries, materials, etc., and its annual contribution for sundries, not counting the purchase of animals, seems to have settled down at about $18,000 per year. ATTENDANCE. The phenomenally high and steadily increasing attendance of visitors at the Park leaves no room for argument regarding the estimation in which that place is held by the public. The total increase for 1920 was 214,318, making the record-breaking annual total of 2,250,177. The proportion of school pupils and other children is perfectly satisfactory. 68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY On the whole, our attendance figures afford, without a word of support, the best answer to the occasional printed denuncia- tions of zoological gardens and parks in which an extra sensitive humanitarian occasionally indulges. The attendance by months was as follows: 1920 1919 PANUATY ea ees ete een ne 47,024 69,298 PeDruary © Sons sae ee Oe 37,485 84,221 Marlin etc ee ee 112,658 118,798 AO Yellin ooo ee erin ee 187,748 192,839 IY Ee gen aie aM Ba ee sh er are 366,024 255,597 SUNOS = aie eee eta cee ence ee 241,995 297,285 Siuliyon cs se. eae era a er eee 299,409 220,004 PUI US Tes ne Ree ek Ae 299-85) 263,135 September. rakn cs. claret eens 288,666 226,015 October ie ven C er ere 239,941 133,742 INOVEMbDEE== eine ete ote ee 92,096 131,650 December. ot eaee on eee 77,300 43,275 2,250,177 2,035,859 OUR COLLECTIONS. The first, the last and the greatest business of every zoologi- cal park is to collect and exhibit fine and rare wild animals, in healthy and happy conditions. Next comes the duty of enabling the greatest possible number of people to see them with comfort and satisfaction. In comparison with these objects, all others are of secondary or tertiary or quaternary importance. The breeding of wild animals is extremely interesting, and the systematic study of them is fascinating, but both those ends must be subordinated to the main objects. We must not forget that the millions of visitors expect us to bring within their reach, and keep them constantly in view, choice representatives of the most beautiful and most interesting wild creatures of this vast earth. The metropolitan zoological park that fails in the accomplishment of that only partially fulfills the main purpose for which it exists. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 69 The war’s stagnation of the wild animal market led to a universal drop in our exhibits. From 1916 to July, 1920, it was a steady fight against empty cages and corrals. However, thanks to the ripening of seed sown in previous years, the year 1920 brought an incoming tide of specimens that has filled some of our Zoological Park collection units full to the point of actual overflow. On account of the new accessions, the collections that we sent to Antwerp, London, Pretoria and Johannesburg, in 1919 and 1920, have not been missed. Today our Park is well dotted over with the cheerful scarlet label which says ‘“‘Recent Accession.” During 1920, there were three great arrivals. Curator Crandall started the inflow in July, with the collection of about 500 birds, mammals and reptiles that he worked hard to gather in England and on the continent. No sooner was that lot safely stowed away and the wreckage cleared than the Chinese Prince floated in from South Africa, having on her forward deck Mr. A. K. Haagner and an amazing collection of African antelopes, small mammals and birds and reptiles both great and small. There were ninety-six cages and crates—and the giraffe house merely counted “one.” And then came the steamer Belle Buckle, directly from Sydney, Australia, via the Panama Canal, bearing Ellis 8. Joseph, most amazing of zoological collectors, with a collection of Aus- tralian birds and mammals of staggering proportions. ANIMALS FOR THE FUTURE. We are now reaching out into distant lands for certain large and highly desirable species of animals, some of which we never have possessed, and some that are desired to take the places of others that have lived and died in our possession. It is unneces- sary to state our precise ambitions, but if some of our cherished plans prove successful, the year 1921 will be marked by some distinguished arrivals. MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER INSTALLATIONS. The great number of buildings, of proportions great, medium and small, of large dens and aviaries, of fenced enclosures, of 70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY walks, roads and other ground improvements, render the main- tenance of all these works a serious burden. The wear and tear on our plant by the animals and by visitors is exceedingly severe, and for this reason our permanent improvements were originally made as substantial as it is possible to make them. This precau- tion has served us in good stead. The total amount of repairs thus far made on our great plant has been exceedingly small. We have endeavored to have our repairs keep pace with natural deterioration, and up to date we have so far succeeded that there has been no great general lapse from acceptable standards. It is a well known fact that all exposed steel work in the peculiar climate of New York is constantly and very severely attacked by rust, and this condition has been met by extra dili- gence on the part of Chief Constructor Merkel and his force in rust preventive work. The arrangement by which the gate receipts were made available to the Zoological Society for the animal purchase fund has borne most excellent fruit, but not of the precise kind that originally was intended. Several years ago the Society found it necessary to devote this fund to repairs and other improvements, and now it is annually and regularly dedicated to that line of work. It is most fortunate that with this fund in hand the Society is ready to begin instantly repairs that are suddenly thrust upon us by circumstances beyond our control. Were it otherwise, we often would find ourselves in dire extremities for emergency repair funds. While the Animal Fund loses this benefit, it is of far greater importance that the gate receipts should be expended as they now are. IMPROVEMENT OF INCOMES. The members of the Zoological Park force are deeply ap- preciative of the efforts that have been made by the Finance Department of the City of New York to increase the salaries of all city employees to a living basis. In the increases that have been made, the employees of the Zoological Park have partici- pated on the same basis as other city employees, and the tension that existed in 1919 has been greatly diminished. The good will of the taxpayers of New York and of the Board of Estimate thus manifested toward the workers in city employ should be grate- fully remembered by all. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT ia QUALITY OF SERVICE The services rendered by the members of the Zoological Park force continue to reveal a high order of merit. The giving of an order is in itself an assurance that the work called for will be promptly, cheerfully and skilfully performed. Here the standard of service is such that incompetents who enter soon drop out, or are dropped. We have lost quite a number of ex- cellent employees through conditions beyond our control, the most notable for 1920 being Mrs. Ethel Sutliffe Meyer and Mrs. Clara Reiss Newman. After January 1, 1921, each member of our uniformed force who has served more than five years will wear a gold bar chevron for each five years of service in the Zoological Park. SPECIAL POLICE FOR PARKS. In the winter of 1920 Park Commissioner Joseph P. Hen- nessy, of the Bronx, caused to be drafted, and with the full approval of the Park Board and Police Commissioner Enright, introduced in the legislature at Albany a bill to provide for special park police. On account of the pressure of other matters, this highly desirable and important measure was not successfully pressed to a conclusion; but it is to be hoped that in the near future the bill can be passed. The rapidly increasing population of New York City is also rapidly increasing in disorderly tenden- cies in public parks, and a far better system of park protection now has become imperatively necessary. DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS. W. T. HorNapay, Curator; R. L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator; JOHN TOOMEY, Head Keeper. Never since the opening of the Park has the Department of Mammals passed a more active or a more interesting year. These activities were due to arrivals and departures. The receipt of three large collections from abroad already has been noted in this report. The activities connected therewith were supplemented by the crating and shipping of a large collection of duplicate animals and animals specially purchased for exportation to the “uLOqUuBeS “Y UM Aq Ydeisojoug *Se100d8 SUIYSS19}UI SIY} JO SuaUTIDadsS OM} poainboe sey A[JUeDeI AJaID0g aT, XO-MSOW WIVW Ul TT eS CE SS a as beet a as TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 73 Zoological Gardens of Pretoria and Johannesburg. We also sent to the London Zoological Gardens, by Keeper Bailey on his return trip, a number of animals that were specially desired by that institution. Finally, near the close of the year, two black bears were shipped to the Antwerp Zoo. During the early part of the year the Assistant Curator of the Department of Mammals made a number of hand-prints of the primates, at the request of the Galton Society. These were filed at the office of Dr. Gregory, in the American Museum of Natural History. A new series of heavy, sheet-iron labels, with hand-painted pictures, was prepared for the Bear Dens. On April 5, 1920, a new time schedule was experimentally undertaken by the keepers of the Mammal, Bird and Reptile Departments. Under this schedule the men remain off a full day each week, in place of half a day, as in former years. Two female giraffes were deposited on April 28, 1920. These were loaned by the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Show. They are, respectively, a Nubian giraffe, Giraffa camelo- pardalis, born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, on January 15, 1910, and now weighing 1,335 pounds, and a Masai Giraffe, G. tippel- skirchi, born in British East Africa in 1911 and now weighing 865 pounds. The larger specimen is about thirteen feet high. On May 5, 1920, the American Society of Mammalogists held a meeting in the Zoological Park, were entertained by the officers and escorted through the collections. For the first time in a number of years a large animal escaped from its cage, and from the Park. This transgression happened on May 21, 1920, and the culprit was a full-grown black bear from Anticosti Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Through some feat of abnormal dexterity, the animal managed to swing over the overhang bars of the Bear Dens at night. It was located by early morning and as there was little chance of driving the animal into a cage, it was immediately shot to prevent danger of further wandering. The escape of this bear during the night was immediately detected and reported by the watchman on duty. The pursuit of the animal at daybreak and its final de- struction were accomplished under the able direction of Mr. Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Forester. 74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY On May 28, 1920, the following animals were crated and shipped to London: 2 white-tailed deer, 2 raccoons, 2 timber wolves, 2 Canadian porcupines and 2 opossums. The Washington Irving High School was furnished, as has been the custom during several years, with a series of mammals, birds and reptiles for its Zoological Room. These animals are returned to the Park with the beginning of each vacation period, then sent back to the school with the re-opening in the autumn. One of our keepers is sent weekly to the school to see that the series of specimens remains in good condition. On September 17, 1920, Mr. A. K. Haagner, Director of the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, at Pretoria, deliv- ered a lecture in the Administration Building at the Park. His remarks related to zoological gardens and game conditions in Africa. This lecture was illustrated with stereoptican slides and motion pictures and among the latter were scenes of an elephant hunt. On October 7, 1920, the following animals were shipped on the steamship Chinese Prince, for Pretoria and Johannesburg, in charge of keeper Fritz Schluter, who accompanied the ship- ment brought to us by Mr. Haagner: 1 American bison, 1 aoudad, 1 Himalayan tahr, 3 American wapiti, 1 hog deer, 2 axis deer, 1 macaque monkey, 2 rhesus monkeys, 2 black spider monkeys, 2 Canadian porcupines, 2 raccoons, 1 black bear and 1 coati mundi. Several interesting mammals were received from the Society’s Tropical Research Station in South America. Among these were a large two-toed sloth, a red howler monkey and a golden agouti. The following are the more important donations received during 1920: 1 black spider monkey, 1 pig-tailed monkey, 1 lioness, 1 puma, 1 coyote, 2 red foxes, 1 South American fox, 1 albino woodchuck, 1 black woodchuck, 1 mule deer and a male and female Rocky Mountain sheep. Following are the births in the Park during 1920: 1 Chimpanzee 2 Himalayan Tahr 2 Syrian Bears 1 Mouflon 4 Fallow Deer 2 Aoudad 4 Red Deer 1 Canadian Porcupine 5 Axis Deer 1 Sea Lion TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 75 2 White-tailed Deer 1 Black-faced Kangaroo 1 Hog Deer 1 Woodward Kangaroo 2 Barasingha Deer 2 Ring-tailed Wallabies 1 Sika Deer 1 Rufus-necked Wallaby 1 Yak 1 Siberian Camel 3 American Bison DEATHS AMONG THE MAMMALS. The following important specimens were lost during the past year: a sloth bear fell into the tank and was drowned. A female Eld’s deer broke her leg and was destroyed. Several hoofed animals died from old age. Among these were a female Indian antelope that had been on exhibition over a period of six- teen years. A female Eld’s deer, on exhibition during a similar period, died from old age. Several old bison died during the year, or were mercifully destroyed. One of these had been on exhibition for nineteen years. At the Antelope House we lost a blessbok and a lechwe waterbuck—one from old age, and the latter from an injury which resulted in an infection of a hind leg, when the animal was chloroformed. An old Rocky Moun- tain sheep, on exhibition a number of years at the Zebra House, died during the latter part of the year. A younger specimen of the same species succumbed to disease. A young Siberian camel, korn in the Park, developed a condition of paralysis and was chloroformed. The chimpanzee baby that was born in the Pri- mate House never learned to nurse, and survived only eight days. A census of the collections of mammals compiled on January 1921 1s as follows: Species Specimens Marsala ser ccs Neon lant Oe eae oe Zid 67 HC EMUALA Akane ts Soret tet eer ere on epee 3 3 Carnnivorder se See ote ee ee 49 98 PAINT CCI s Sacer hota achaste eben oy Meese if 3 VOC ETNUT AG ceca eR ee on a ee ott ena 23 156 PAIN GE Steen. coe hiccce the: couiceatepttwe ro ee 33 64 Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates).. 49 216 Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates) . . 12 19 PGOWOSCIO Cae ae i cte teo ois Bok eee a 2 7 FLV EACOIGE AR enc ei Ae Scio, © Foe eo ee. iL 1 OLA heme tie Nene afte a pees a erate 196 629 76 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS. LEE S. CRANDALL, Curator; WILLIAM BEEBE, Honorary Curator; SAMUEL STACEY, Head Keeper. Our hopeful expectations for the rehabilitation of the live bird and animal trade during 1920 not having been realized, unusual efforts for the upkeep of the bird collections were neces- sary. Arrivals through the regular dealers’ channels were very few and the specimens acquired by this means were almost negligible. The only dealer’s shipment of any importance during the entire year was one received from India in May. This included many fine Asiatic species not exhibited in the Zoological Park since pre-war days. The situation being rather critcal, and the English bird market fairly active, the Curator of Birds sailed for Europe in June, 1920, for the double purpose of securing what material might be available and inspecting the recuperating Zoological Gardens of England and the continent. Large African consign- ments, as well as some others, were then arriving in England, and about 500 specimens of mammals, birds and reptiles were secured. Through the friendly cooperation of the Zoological Gardens of London, they were safely transported to New York. The general market on the continent was found even more dor- mant than our own, but visits to the Gardens of Belgium and Holland showed the results of determined efforts to return to normal. A detailed account of the trip appeared in the January Bulletin. In September, a large shipment arrived from Africa, in charge of Mr. A. K. Haagner, Director of the Zoological Gardens of Pretoria. Several fine species new to our collection were received, including a white-bellied stork (Abdimia abdimi), a white-headed sea eagle (Halixtus vocifer) and a white-headed vulture (Lophogyps occipitalis), and many others. Early in November, Mr. Ellis 8. Joseph arrived with a splendid consignment of Australasian birds. Thirty-five species new to our collection were acquired, besides many others. Most important were the kaka (Nestor meridionalis), kea (N. nota- bilis), turquoisine parrakeet (Neophema pulchella), six-plumed bird of paradise (Parotia sefilata), the lovely and extremely rare Prince Rudolph’s blue bird of paradise (Paradisornis rudolfi) and the magnificent rifle bird (Craspedophora magnifica). TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Cif The Tropical Research Station collected a number of birds, including two fine specimens of the cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola), giving us three individuals of this splendid species. At the end of the report of the Director will be found a list of the more important arrivals during the year. A total of eighty species new to the collection was received, a number far greater than in any previous year since 1913. On May 29, 1920, the Society sent a shipment to the Zoological Gardens of London, including 239 birds of 103 species. Keeper James Bailey, of the bird section, was sent from London to convey the consignment and landed it in London practically without loss. On October 6, 1920, an exchange collection was sent to the Zoological Gardens of Pretoria, including forty-three birds of twenty-nine species. This consignment left on the steamer Chinese Prince, in care of Keeper Schluter of the Pretoria Gardens. Two new installations were completed during the year. One is a new cage for blackbirds and grackles, a well-built dome, with background of concrete and stone. It occupies the former site of the old wooden-framed structures, which had become unsightly. The other is a series of twenty-eight individual par- rot cages, arranged in three tiers, in the space in the parrot hall formerly occupied by cockatoos. These cages are now filled with the finest series of lories, parrots and parrakeets ever possessed by the Society. Their completion has placed our parrot collec- tion on a new footing, which we hope to be able to maintain. Among the birds reared in the Park during the year several are worthy of special notice. The most interesting is a black vulture (Catharista urubu urubu), apparently the first record in captivity. The parents occupy a cage in the Eagles’ Aviary. The female laid two eggs and hatched two young, but only one nestling was reared to maturity. During the height of the breed- ing season in the Flying Cage gull colony, our two pairs of lovely silver gulls (Bruchigavia novehollandix) nested several times, but each time their eggs or young were destroyed by quarrelsome neighbors. However, after the other birds had left the rookery, a pair of silver gulls, more persistent than the others, nested again and this time reared two fine young birds. This certainly is the first record for America. Early in the year, a young 78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY pair of emus laid and the male attended his incubation duties faithfully for about four weeks, when he gave up his vigil. The eggs promptly were placed in an incubator at the nursery and under the care of Mr. E. A. Costain, two young birds were hatched. One was deformed and soon died, but the other pro- gressed well under Mr. Costain’s care and when about one month old, was transferred to the Ostrich House. Here, with careful nursing by Keeper Snyder, it was safely reared, our first success with incubator emus. One number of Zoologica, “Eclipse Plumage in Domestic Fowl,” was prepared by the Curator and published on October 15, 1920, as Volume II, Number 2. CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. January 1. 192i Species Specimens Struthioniformes, Ostriches; <..)-2 ee aes Z 6 Casuarliformes, Cassowaries and Emus.. 3 10 Tinamiformes, TIMAMOUS Tse ee oe 2 3 Galliformes, Quail Pheasants, “ete: = 1 193 Turniciformes, Hemipodesz..220cn eee 3 5 Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves...... 5, 141 Ralliformes, Rails and Gallinules.... 17 34 Lariformes, Gullseand- Terns... 14 54 Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers.. 11 26 Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, etc... 13 ae Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 28 59 Palamedeiformes, DCLEAMES). juice. eta Pa 2 Phoenicopteriformes, Mlamingoesn s.. eee 2 2 Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 65 376 Pelecaniformes, Cormorants, Pelicans, ete 9 18 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures.... 7 12 Accipitriformes, Old World Vultures, Hawks and Eagles.... 22 33 Strigiformes, ON Sie Screen ee eee 10 23 Psittaciformes, Parrots metGs wesc. 92 181 Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, | Hornbills, Cla) Fait ees 7 16 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 79 Species Specimens Cuculiformes, Cuckoos and Touracos.. 4 5 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans.... 10 15 Piciformes, Woodpeckers “ies. 055.). 2 i Passeriformes, Perching Birds: 4. ..... 349 1178 CSE 2422 Summary: Orders, 24; Species, 797; Specimens, 2422. ANATOMICAL MATERIAL. L. S. CRANDALL, in Charge. During the year, the distribution of anatomical and museum material has been carried on as follows: Mam- Rep- Amphi- mals’ Birds tiles bians American Museum of Natural History 78 f(a 5 Columbia University (Dr. Huntington) 62 ae ae Columbia University (Dr. MacCallum) il 19 5 Columbia University (Dr. Tilney)...._.... 6 Columbia University (Prof. Gregory) _.... 2 Shared by American Museum and Dr. MUM CIMNG CON: . a PAM il Shared by Tropical Research Station and Historical Department of Iowa... _.... 12 aS ae Rockerellersinstitute:- oi... 20508 ne oe she af 10 1 ID yess lee al DA VAS) oC cay ee ee eR TA 5 5 New. York University... «2.022004 00. ee il Total number of specimens distributed.................... 324 DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. RAYMOND L. DitMars, Curator; JOHN TOOMEY, Head Keeper. There was considerable collecting work during the early part of the year 1920 that yielded excellent results in the number of specimens obtained and in observations for articles in the Society’s publications. During the spring the Curator visited a &0 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY number of snake dens and noted the time of emergence, the breeding and the abundance of a number of species, secured suitable specimens for the collections, and in the case of danger- ous species,—the rattlesnake and the copperhead snake,—made note of the possible increase and spread of such types. In several instances, where the sides of mountains were found infested with rattlesnakes and copperhead snakes, which scatter over a considerable area after leaving the various hiber- nating shelters, it was thought advisable to warn and advise physicians in nearby rural communities and to supply them with tubes of anti-venomous serum and pamphlets relating to its use. - Head Keeper Toomey and Keeper Taggart made several trips into the Ramapo Mountains to obtain frogs, toads and tadpoles to feed the collections of reptiles, which for the past two years have eclipsed in interest and importance any exhibit in the Reptile House since the opening of the Park. During these trips our men carried large fish-cans and brought in several thousand tad- poles, with which we stocked all of the Park lakes. For a number of years, frogs have been almost extinct in the Zoological Park, and these tadpoles will go far toward remedying this condition and providing easily collected food for the reptiles. With the same end in view, the Curator shipped in several hundred leopard and green frogs from his vacation trip in the Berkshires. As in former years, we are indebted to Mr. Arthur L. Gillam, of Flushing, Long Island, for specimens of rattlesnakes and cop- perhead snakes for our exhibit of the local reptiles. Owing to depleted European zoological gardens, the Curator visited several rattlesnake dens in the Berkshires during his vacation trip, and shipped in a series of particularly large and brightly colored rattlesnakes. Some of these specimens were shipped on the Chinese Prince to the Zoological Gardens of Pre- toria, South Africa, and others took the place of specimens that had been shipped to London. In keeping with the splendid series of reptiles exhibited during the past year, the Reptile House cages were systematically overhauled by working on small sections and hence not greatly disturbing the order of the exhibits. The scenic backgrounds, painted in the rear of the cages by E. A. Costain, were carefully gone over and retouched during the early spring overhauling of the building. All of the illuminating fixtures of the Reptile TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 81 House, both in the exhibition halls and the keepers’ passageways, were provided with high-power nitrogen lamps. The illumina- tion of the building during dark, stormy days, or at night for purposes of feeding, has been greatly improved. The scientific work of the Curator of Reptiles during the year has included the preparation of various articles for the Bulletin, the most important of these being a description of the recurrence of the seventeen-year “Locust” and numerous photographs showing incidents of this insect’s emergence in the northeastern portion of the United States. Material has also been filed, from numerous notes, as the basis for scientific articles dealing with the habits of hibernation and occurrence of poison- ous snakes in the eastern United States. Early in the year, the Curator began the preparation of motion pictures for exhibition at the Annual Meeting. These included careful portrayal of the rarer mammals, reptiles and amphibians which had arrived dur- ing 1920. The following are the more important purchases during the year: 1 regal python (about 20 feet in length) ; 2 black-tailed pythons (respectively 16 and 12 feet in length); 9 diamond pythons, 1 rock python, 1 anaconda, 1 boa constrictor, 4 Indian rat snakes, 6 European vipers, 6 Pacific rattlesnakes, 13 blue- tongued lizards, 9 Cunningham skinks, 3 Gila monsters, 12 collared lizards, 6 iguanas, 11 spike-tailed lizards, 12 green liz- ards, 2 Ceylonese monitors, 3 African chameleons, 1 radiated tor- toise, 2 leopard tortoises, 1 hinge-backed tortoise, 2 side-necked turtles, 2 Muhlenberg turtles, 1 Indian crocodile, 1 Senegal crocodile, 20 smooth-clawed frogs and 10 axolotls. The most important addition to the collection in the Reptile House was the Australian lung fish, Ceratodus fosteri, which ar- rived on October 31, 1920. Another important addition was in the shape of three specimens of the rare and beautiful Florida tree toad, Hyla gratiosa. Director Beebe shipped a series of interesting reptiles from the Zoological Society’s Tropical Research Station in South America. Among them were two young anacondas, iguanas, tor- toises and turtles. There was only one loss of consequence in the reptile collec- tion during the entire year. This was a specimen of the Indian cobra, which has been on exhibition over twelve years. This 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY snake was attacked with a series of small abscesses along the entire body and stopped feeding. It was several times taken from the cage, held by the neck and forcibly fed with beaten egg. The companion of this specimen, which arrived at the same time, is in thriving condition. CENSUS OF REPTILES. January 1.1921" Species Specimens Crocodilia, Alligators and Crocodiles. . 4 Al Chelonia, Tortoises and Turtles...... 22 166 Lacertilia, aZandse tench ace ee 8 51 Ophidia, SMaAkescw aniiomnsan sede 37 139 Amphibians, Frogs, Toads, Salamanders 12 63 Dipnoi, ume ishes eae ss Sees 1 1 Pisces, SES ec ee are S 5 chyna it 4 MOtals esata cee hee ne hee eae ee 85 465 SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu- ary 1, 1921, is as follows: Species Specimens Mammal Si .8s ase ee eek & oe 196 629 BIRO Gaiters: the ah tye eat eee C37 2,402, Reptiles and Amphibians............ 85 465 SP ota re oe es ee aan se tae 1,078 3,506 REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN. W. Rerp Buair, D. V. S. The health of the collections has remained good throughout the year and we have lost but few of our rare or important animals. We have been fortunate, in that the large number of new animals received in the important shipments from Africa, Aus- TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 83 tralia and elsewhere did not materially increase our death rate ‘during the past year. All of these shipments came in such excellent condition that the animals soon adjusted themselves to their new environment and quickly became acclimated. Because of the threatened danger of introducing serious in- fectious diseases into this country through our importation of animals from Africa, the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture was reluctant to lift the embargo, and upon the shipment’s arrival in this country their representatives supervised the debarkation of these animals with great care. We were, however, able to meet all the require- ments to their entire satisfaction. It is gratifying to report that none of these animals have died since their arrival in the Park. The rare mountain zebra acquired in this African shipment arrived not a minute too soon, because when released from its crate it was seen to be in an exhausted state bordering on col- lapse; but after a few days in a sunny yard, and with mild weather, it soon gained in strength and vigor and is now in good condition. About 50% of the deaths during the past year were among the small mammals, and the greater number of these were among the less important rodents, which are necessarily more closely confined in order to be satisfactorily exhibited. The small mammal collection is one of the most difficult to maintain owing to the close confinement, and the constant difficulty ex- perienced in obtaining the great variety of food the various species are accustomed to find under normal conditions of free- dom. On two occasions distemper appeared among the smaller carnivores in the Small-Mammal House. The disease was intro- duced through recently acquired animals, and a number died or were destroyed in order to stamp out the infection. Distemper also appeared in a wolf which Was isolated and recovered after treatment with distemper serum. For the first time in several years skin diseases, both sar- coptic mange and ring-worm, were found in new arrivals, but in these cases the animals were promptly isolated and successfully treated. 84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY In spite of the fact that the cages in the Primate House have been in a much overcrowded condition throughout the year, there have been few deaths of the more important species. As a result of the overcrowded condition of the cages, and the pug- nacity on the part of a number of rhesus monkeys, there were a larger number of cases of serious injuries caused by fighting among the smaller monkeys. Of the deaths among the primates a large percentage repre- sent animals which had been received as gifts, and had in most instances been in private homes for a considerable time, and where they were retained as long as they appeared in good health. When, however, they showed evidences of ill-health and malnutrition, they were offered to the Park. In many cases these animals responded to the more expert care of our keepers and later became desirable accessions. In other cases, how- ever, these animals soon became unfit for exhibition in our cages and were consequently humanely destroyed. The health of the higher apes has remained good. The most important loss in this collection was that of the chimpanzee baby, born to Suzette on July 14, and which died nine days later, owing to the lack of proper maternal instincts on the part of the mother. Among the hoofed animals, a number of our old bison were destroyed on account of malnutrition and emaciation incident to old age. The American bison, elk and European red-deer herds are all showing the effects of old age and need new blood in order to bring them up to the standard of vigor maintained for so many years, since we can no longer expect to successfully breed satis- factory animals among these herds without the introduction of new, young and vigorous stock. Of the accidental deaths occurring among the hoofed ani- mals, the principal ones were due to fighting among corral or range animals. A rare lechwe antelope was so badly injured by getting its leg caught in the fence of its corral that it was necessary to de- stroy it. A number of young red deer and American elk were de- stroyed when it appeared that these animals would not develop TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 85 into satisfactory exhibits. Several other young deer perished as the result of being born out of season, as when born in the late fall or winter months, and therefore were unable to withstand exposure during our cold storms. A number of beaver died from acute miliary tuberculosis. These are the first cases of tuberculosis we have found among animals of this species. It was not possible to trace the source of infection in these cases, although our beaver pond was over- stocked at the time, and this crowded condition of their quarters offered the necessary environment for the spread of the infection. DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges. Wm. MITCHELL, Cashier. It was hoped that the sum granted by the Board of Estimate for the maintenance of the Park for the year 1920 would be ade- quate, but by analyzing the budget it will be noted that the sum allowed for all purposes other than personal service was a little over $5,000 above the actual expenditures for the same purposes in 1919. The prices of food materials and other general supplies con- tinued their upward trend until about the middle of the year and did not recede to any marked extent until late in the year. In the cost of coal alone the increase was nearly equal to the in- crease allowed for all supplies, and one important food item amounted to nearly $2,500 more than in the previous year. As a result, by mid-year a shortage of about $7,500 was indicated. Fortunately some savings were made in salaries accounts due to vacancies and the filling of positions by new employees at lower than schedule rates because of the unusual turnover in labor and other causes. Application was made to the Board of Estimate for the transfer of these savings, aggregating about $5,000, to supplies accounts. Favorable action was finally taken on our request, and by rigid economies in the closing months of the year we were able to reduce the shortage on supplies to be made up by the Society to $1,443.80. 86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Funds and Accounts:—The receipt in May of a substantial portion of the bequest of Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage made neces- sary the opening of two new accounts, the Sage Endowment Fund for the bequest and the Sage Endowment Fund Income Account for the income therefrom. Exhibits of the receipts and expendi- tures in these funds appear with the Treasurer’s statements in this Report. The usual audit of our accounts was made at quarterly periods by the Society’s auditors, and their certificate appears immediately following the statements of the Treasurer. Privileges:—On the whole and in spite of the various diffi- culties that obtained in many branches of this department, the year’s net showing was considerably beyond that of any previous season. This result was due very largely to the increased volume of business caused by the record attendance of 2,250,177, which was nearly a quarter of a million above any year since the Park opened. It was thought that the remarkable number of out-of-town visitors in 1919 from all parts of the country, due to the army demobilization, would not soon again be equaled, but the fact is that the figures seemed to have been exceeded in 1920. Rocking Stone Restauwrant:—The gross business at the restaurant during 1920 was well above any previous year. Some further advances were made in prices but the cost of supplies and labor which did not reach the highest level until after the best part of the season had gone, resulted in a loss that had to be carried by more favored activities. Up to this time the Rocking Stone Restaurant has been operated with full service and a full force throughout the year. Owing to the considerable loss during the winter months in the early part of 1920, it was decided to reduce the service to a mini- mum this winter and see if a more satisfactory showing cannot be made. Boating:—The proceeds of the boating season just closed were very much greater than in any previous year. During most of the season our facilities were taxed to the utmost and this condition prevailed much later in the year than usual owing to the mild weather throughout the early fall. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 87 Extensive repairs to the entire equipment went on through the winter. A number of the oldest rowboats had to be destroyed, and to replace them a carload of new boats was ordered for delivery in the early spring. The new booth, the frame work of which was built last fall, was completed early in the year and opened when the boating season commenced. It proved to be a very much needed addition to our facilities for handling the business on big days. The next extensive repair that must be made in connection with this privilege is the construction of substantial steps lead- ing from the docks to the Boat House. The wooden steps, built when the building was erected in 1907, are in such bad condition that further satisfactory repairs are difficult, if not altogether out of the question. We urge the construction of permanent steps of masonry to conform with the basement of the building. Fortunately, stone left over at the time the dock was built is close at hand and would greatly reduce the cost of this improve- ment. Boat House Restaurant:—We again continued the practice of closing the dining room during the winter and operating a limited service in the lunch room without the expense of a full kitchen force. While this method enabled us to reduce winter losses to a minimum, the boating feature was again obliged to absorb a considerable loss for the year. Soda Water:—This section of the privileges was beset with somewhat more than the ordinary difficulties that have followed it persistently now for five years. Prices were close to the top throughout the greatest part of the season. For a time the sugar shortage threatened disaster and a complete closing down, but by strenuous efforts a sufficient supply was secured at high prices. The excessive cost of this item alone reduced the net re- sults to the extent of several thousand dollars. We have now reached the point where gradual replacement of our soda fountain equipment must be carried on and we are planning to make a completely new installation in the Tea House at the beginning of the next season, to be followed by other new outfits elsewhere another year. Guide Books :—All previous records for the sale of this pub- lication were surpassed during the past year. For some years our standard edition of 20,000 copies has been considered suffi- 88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY cient to run through two seasons, but this time, in spite of the advance in the selling price, the new edition was so nearly ex- hausted at the end of the year as to make it necessary to com- mence work on a new issue to be available before spring. Esti- mates indicate the necessity of a further advance in the selling price to fifty cents per copy or a sacrifice in the quality of the paper or printing, which we are unwilling to recommend. Souvenir Books, Postals and Miscellaneous Publications :— Our edition of the Souvenir Book which was selling so satisfac- torily at the close of 1919 continued in popularity throughout 1920 with the result that by the end of December there were so few copies on hand it was decided to get out a new issue during the winter months. It is probable that some changes will be made in the size of the book with an entirely new cover design, but using the present excellent four-color plates for the interior pages. We will not be able to get the new book out at a price that will justify its sale at the old figure of fifty cents. Heavy inroads were made into the stock of nearly two million colored souvenir postal cards which were put on sale early in the year. The first edition of the Wild Animal Stamp Primer was ex- hausted late in the year and it was decided to issue a second edition of ten thousand copies from the previous plates without revision and to be ready early in April, 1921. Other miscellaneous publications showed very substantially increased sales throughout the year. Gate Receipts :—The collections for the year from this source were considerably more than for any pervious year, amounting to a little more than $16,000, almost double those of two years ago. Inasmuch as all these funds were needed, as heretofore, for necessary and imperative improvements and repairs the entire sum was therefore placed to the credit of the Improvement and Repair Account to be expended in repairs, replacements or im- provements of a permanent nature. The unexpected balance available for this purpose at the end of the year was $11,462.33. Riding Animals:—The receipts for the season from this source were substantially in excess of the year 1919. In fact the present stand and equipment has been outgrown, and steps should be taken to place it on a basis that will make it possible for TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 89 us to give a more satisfactory service to the thousands of chil- dren to whom this is such an improvement feature of the Park. During the year an opportunity was offered to add to the number of animals available for riding purposes and at the same time give us some new blood for breeding purposes. Four attractive new ponies were purchased and shipped in from North Carolina. The riding animals, as the receipts show, are becoming more popular each season and serious consideration should be given to providing a new location for their operation where it will be unnecessary to use a roadway so greatly crowded with foot traffic as the Service Road is at this point. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. CosTaIn, Asst. Forester; MICHAEL O’KEEFE, Head Gardener. Continued shortage of labor and the difficulty in obtaining materials when ordered have made it impossible to carry out the ambitious program of repair and replacement that had been laid out for the year 1920. Were it not for the fact that a decided change has taken place in the labor and material market, the outlook would be gloomy. Maintenance. The routine maintenance work was carried on as heretofore, with the exception that it was carried on more successfully than during the previous three years, and that this Department has been able to catch up with work which it was compelled to neglect in former years. In spite of the fact that the exceedingly hard winter and the great snowfall made extraordinary demands upon the force, the Maintenance Department was able to improve sub- stantially the general appearance of the park, and to look after the most urgently needed repairs to the buildings and other in- stallations. At the Large Bird House, the entire glass roof was reset and many leaks repaired, and the roof structure, which in some in- stances had become so dangerously weak as to cause*the heavy glass to drop several inches, was put in safe condition. BLACKBIRDS’ CAGE : Constructed entirely by the Zoological Park force under the direction of Chief Constructor Merkel. Photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 91 The entire western portion of the large pavilion in front of the Wolf and Fox Dens was re-shingled. At the Antelope House the roof, which was leaking badly, was repaired, and many repairs were made to the Lion House, Monkey House, Reptile House and other buildings. The three automobile trucks were taken down, cleaned and repaired. The fences of the Prairie Dog Enclosure, Small-Deer House, Elephant House, Elk Range, Buffalo and Yak Ranges were re- paired and painted, as were also the Lion House and Large Bird House inside cages, the Wolf and Fox Dens, one of the green- houses at the Nursery and other minor installations. The usual food supplies were raised at the Nursery, which also supplied the bedding and ornamental plants needed in the park. Many evergreens, that formerly were imported and no longer can be brought into this country, were propagated at the Nursery. The picnic grounds of the East Side of the park were visited by an ever increasing number of visitors. Picnic permits were issued to 164 parties for 19,799 persons. Strict supervision was maintained to keep in control all disorderly elements that could not or would not conform to the law. One-hundred and seventy- five summonses were issued, 169 convictions being secured, and fines amounting to $387 were imposed. The popularity of the East Side of the Zoological Park is shown by the number of visi- tors in the past year, amounting to 183,250. IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIR FUND. Blackbirds’ Cage. The Blackbirds’ cage, situated south of the Aquatic Bird House, was completed early in the spring, and has proved to be entirely satisfactory in design and construction. Elephant Cellar Drainage. The recurring floods in the cellar of the Elephant House finally compelled us to install a drainage system under the floor of the cellar and boiler pit, and this system was connected with 92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY a sump containing an automatic pump. This cellar is now dry for the first time since this building was erected. Lion House Boiler. A new boiler was installed in the Lion House and connected with the heating system. This boiler is of sufficient capacity to carry the building during any but the coldest weather, and has resulted not only in greater convenience, but also in coal saving. Repairs to Heating Systems. Necessary work was done, also, on the heating systems of the Ostrich House, Elephant House, Large Bird-House, Hospital and the winter house of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary. Repairs to Upper Bear Dens. The floors of these dens had been built in such a slipshod manner that they had settled in many places, making it im- possible to keep the dens clean and in a sanitary condition. It was necessary to break them up and regrade and concrete them in a permanent manner. Parrot Cages. Sixteen large and twelve smaller parrot cages were planned, constructed and set up in the Large Bird-House, this work being finished just in time to receive the large collection of these birds received from Australia. Eagle and Vulture Aviary. At the outdoor Eagles’ cages, a beginning was made to thoroughly repair and paint these cages to prevent their collaps- ing. The supports of these cages consist of semi-circular steel frames, clamped together to hold the wire, and as it was im- possible to reach any portion of the inside surfaces and paint them, corrosion had taken place to a very large extent. As far as we have been able to proceed this year, this structure was taken down entirely, thoroughly cleaned, painted, filled with an elastic cement which will prevent further ingress of water, and then re-erected. On account of the difficulty of obtaining bolts and other materials, it was possible to finish only three divisions. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 93 Mammal House. A great deal of the remaining wood floors of the eastern out- side cages of the Mammal House was removed, and replaced with permanent concrete ones, temporary repairs only being made to the western cages, which will have to be replaced next year. Guard Wires. The wire guards throughout the Park, which had become very unsightly and dilapidated during the war, once more have been put into condition by replacing many of the steel posts and stringing a large amount of wire. Children’s Playground. At the Children’s Playground, sewer and water connections were made for the drinking fountain, and the same erected. Grading operations were completed. This playground was first used on the occasion of the visit of the Russian refugees. Lion Cages. The outside cages of the Lion House, which were beginning to show wear, especially the cage fronts, gutters, concrete and brick facings, were taken in hand during the latter part of the year. All of the iron work was taken apart for cleaning and painting, and a portion of the concrete and brick work taken down preparatory to relaying. The old leadlined copper gutters, that had become useless, were removed, preparatory to being re- placed by concrete gutters built into the facing, similar to those designed and built in the Small-Mammal House, though of larger capacity. Weather permitting, this work will be carried on dur- ing the winter, so as to have the cages ready for the animals when warm weather begins. Repairs to Water Supply. Unfortunately, we were not able to make any but the most urgent repairs to the water supply system. This work will have to be taken in hand during the coming season. Miscellaneous Repairs. At the Elephant House and the Antelope House, various wooden runways were replaced by new concrete inclines of a more sanitary character and permanent design. 94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Walk Repairs. The most urgently needed walk repairs, amounting to about 126,000 square feet, were made on the roadway of the Concourse, the Service Road from Southern Boulevard to the top of the Buffalo Hill, the East Elephant Walk from the Service Road to Baird Court, the walk north of the Wild-Fowl Pond, the walk surrounding the Small-Deer Corrals, and the one connecting the same with the Service Road past the west side of the Small- Mammal House, and certain portions of the Service Yard. These walks were resurfaced, after repairing and bringing to grade any depressions or breaks in the old surface, with distributing trucks for both the tarvia and screenings. This was conducted ex- peditiously and cheaply, though the wet season caused some de- lay and additional expense. The Service Road west of the Lion House, leading from the Main Service Road to Cope Lake and the Concourse, which never had been brought to grade and surfaced, was repaired, brought to its proper level, and given a coat of tarvia. It now, for the first time, is in a satisfactory condition. A portion of the sidewalk of the Concourse in front of the east steps was ripped up and relaid upon a proper foundation with concrete and brick. SUM MARY. As may be seen from this report, comparatively only a few items can be stricken from the long list of urgently needed re- pairs and replacements that were mentioned last year, and sev- eral new items must be added to the list. Possibly, the most troublesome of these is the roof of the Reptile House. This roof, which rests upon iron braces, is built of wooden beams and purlins, with an inside wood ceiling and outside roof boards. Serious decay has taken place in a great deal of this woodwork. The building is subjected to a tempera- ture of approximately 75 degrees and contains much exposed water in its various pools and tanks, with the air continuously surcharged with moisture, which, together with the presence of many skylights, is undoubtedly the cause of a great deal of this decay. The heavy outside skylights, with very thick glass, have become too great a burden for the weakened woodwork, so that TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 95 repairs have become imperative. At the present time, the most serious weakness has been temporarily supported by a truss. Additional storage room is badly needed in the Service Yard, and if the $15,000 once informally agreed to by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment about a year and a half ago, can- not be made available, some temporary structures must be added to the present equipment. The task before this department, in order to rehabilitate the Park, is at least as great as it was a year ago, but with the present outlook of lower material costs and greater availability of materia! as well as labor, it is hoped that a grand cleanup of all of the important items can be made during the coming season, if sufficient funds can be appropriated. DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATION. ELWIN R. SANBORN, Editor and Photographer; ANNA NEWMAN, Assistant. Photography.—The photographic work during the past year of 1920 comprised the usual details of this department in making various phases of construction records, copying drawings and paintings, still life subjects and the living collections. Some of the subjects photographed were Bactrian camel and young, yak, Polar bear, eyra cat, giant ant-eater, otter, Rocky Mountain sheep, chimpanzee, alligators, panda, onager, black-tailed deer, musk-ox, wapiti, hog deer, barasingha deer, sika deer, zebra, llama, alpaca, tree duck, dromedary, lung-fish, feather-tailed mouse, opossum mouse, wild-fowl, tree toad, Belgian Expedition, Roosevelt Day events at the Italian Gardens, and various detail work such as construction, still life, maps, copies, etc. No doubt the cessation of the war inspired a welcome relief that was experi- enced among all classes, stimulated business, and aroused many dormant crafts to renewed life. This change was manifested materially in a greatly increased demand for photographs for publications, advertisements and for the use of sculptors, artists, taxidermists and designers. One publisher alone used over 200 photographs in his publications. This Department is now recog- nized among the publication and news offices of New York as a source of supply. The demands for pictures are increasing yearly. 96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Bulletin.—During the year 1920 printer’s prices reached their maximum heights, and it is a satisfaction to know that these rates are now on the decline. It behooves all writers and editors to proceed with caution to avoid large bills for author’s alterations and extra time charges. Six numbers of the Bulletin were issued in somewhat easier fashion than during the previous year of 1919. The standard of this publication has been maintained, and the numbers issued in 1920 were of unusual interest. Paper stock even now is not easily obtained, and when obtained it varies in color and weight. It is a strange fact that war was needed to forcefully demon- strate the scarcity of materials that are required to make print- ing papers, and to furnish the courage among paper makers to put the price at the highest point. Dr. Townsend and his staff produced two noteworthy issues of the Bulletin. One of them was devoted to the evolution of the Aquarium Building, and was illustrated with numerous pictures from a series of old drawings and engravings of the ancient Aquarium and some of its notable visitors, with text matter of unusual historical interest. Mr. Herbert Lang contributed the text and illustrations for an article on the white rhinoceros. The matter was sufficient to make 28 pages of text, and 32 rare illustrations of this wonder- ful animal, from photographs by Mr. Lang, accompanied the article. Like Mr. Grant’s “Saving the Redwoods,” a special cover made this one of the most striking Bulletins ever issued by the Society. Dr. Murphy of the Brooklyn Institute contributed an inter- esting article on the Zoo of Lima, Peru. Another article of very particular importance was ‘‘Remarkable Habits of the Sage Grouse,” by R. Bruce Horsfall. Mr. Horsfall supplied some of his beautiful pen drawings and paintings for illustrations, as well as contributing the text. Annual Report.—The Annual Report of the Society was issued in the form of previous years and in all respects compared favorably with other issues of this volume. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 97 Zoopathologica—The plates for Dr. MacCallum’s latest paper on parasitic forms are completed and the text matter has been put into type ready for publication after the first of the year of 1921. The amount of material furnished by Dr. MacCallum will make this latest number by far the most voluminous pub- lished in this series. Zoologica.—Two numbers of Zoologica were supplied by R. Bruce Horsfall and Curator Lee S. Crandall. The former con- tributed ‘““Remarkable Habits of the Sage Grouse,” with illustra- tions. Mr. Crandall’s subject was ‘‘Eclipse Plumage in Domestic Fowl.” Following is a statement of the photographic work in 1920: PEMts-tor Album CA QuUariumM)).. 5.222 oles acon 25 INegatives tory Albums. CRark) o2.. hos o ace ees 315 EINES tO UD ICa td ON: te - ote ro ee ea Peet creas 848 Prints, for Miscellaneous Purposes..........-... 957 BTM ATESCTISTIGS fe ose tet stacl shanks Waste Wee eR hone erate oil FREATISPALCICICS cae Mire ta setae Moa shs aot eels 2 ACY EC bea FOE IR cc BRI IK ett en oees e e N e ARR 2,168 CONCLUSION. The close of the year 1920 leaves the officers of the Zoological Park profoundly grateful for the fact that the Park is well stocked with collections, that the Zoological Park force is less harassed than heretofore by the problems of existence, and that fhe popularity of the Park has not only been maintained but apparently has increased. The two very important storage sheds which we thought we had secured in 1920, but which got lost in the shuffle, still are needed as much as ever, and still are hoped for. The relations of the Zoological Park with similar institutions throughout the world are cordial and very gratifying. 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY It is not to be expected that the year 1921 will see so great an inflow of living animals as was witnessed during the past year, but this is not necessary. We do intend, however, to continue our efforts to secure certain large and highly important animals that managed to elude us last year but which are to be regarded as indispensable. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director. RECORD OF NOTABLE ARRIVALS AND SPECIES NEW TO THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK 1920 While we are averse to the publication in annual reports of long lists of animals, the present occasion seems to demand an exception. We cannot resist the temptation to place before the members of the Society a brief enumeration of the most nota- ble and interesting arrivals in birds and mammals during the year 1920. Aside from this exhibit of good fortune, the showing of localities represented will serve as an excellent index of the representative character of our collections and the extent to which they cover the world at large. W.. dae MAMMALS. By R. L. DITMaRs. The purchases during the year 1920 involved so many im- - portant species that it is interesting to arrange the mammal accessions in the sequence of zoological classification. The list follows and is quite imposing in the magnitude of numbers and the rarity of many species: Primates. 2 Hoolock Gibbons Malaysia 2 Sooty Mangabeys W. Africa 2 Vervet Monkeys W. Africa 2 Wanderoo Monkeys India 1 Golden Baboon E. Africa 2 Chaecma Baboons S. Africa 1 Rhodesian Baboon S. Africa -1 Mandrill We Atrica ‘BOMFW YON WOrIF sn 0} FYSNoAG susuIIvads OM ay} JO JUSUIdO[eAep aY4I—Se10}UI YIIM—BULAIOSgO SI AJOID0g aug, VOINAVY WOU YVOd GTIIM Ae ag i intaae See - * 2 t TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 101 1 Black Drill Ce Ot BEND HENRPRPRPRPNWNRE ho et bo DO = C2 = bo DOE O09 Colby It Co eS Mongoose Lemurs Ring-tailed Lemur Galagos Ungulates. Onager Mountain Zebra Chapman-Burchell Zebras Blessbok Springbuck Greater Kudu Sable Antelope Lechwe Waterbuck Brindled Gnu Columbian Black-tailed Deer White-lipped Peccary Collared Peccary Wild Boars Warthog (Female) Carnivores. Otter Eyra Cat Coyote Timber Wolves Gray Fox Red Foxes Gray Foxes Badgers Coati Mundis Panda Ratels Meerkats Suricates Genet Kusimanse Civet Cat Skunks Zorillas Hunting Dog Long-eared Foxes W. Africa Madagascar Madagascar E. Africa op) . W. Asia Africa Africa Africa Africa . Africa . Africa . Africa . Africa Pacific Coast Brazil Brazil N. Africa S. Africa ATTA AA A Canada Wie: Uses: Central America India S. Africa S. Africa S. Africa S. Africa S. Africa Malaysia U.S. (Florida) Se Actricae S. Africa S. Africa 102 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Rodents. 2 Snow-shoe Rabbits Was: 1 Spring Hare S. Africa 2 Porcupines (Crested) 5. Africa 1 Porcupine (Crestless) India 1 Red-bellied Squirrel India 1 Malabar Squirrel India 1 Prevost’s Squirrel Malaysia 4 Fire-bellied Squirrels Mexico 3 Red Squirrels Europe 7 Ground Squirrels S. Africa 1 Patagonian Cavy So. America 2 Spotted Cavies So. America 2 Bushy-tailed Dormice Europe 1 Capybara So. America 2 Hamsters Europe Marsupials. 1 Koala or Tree “Bear” Australia 2 Tasmanian Devils Tasmania 3 Wombats Australia 2 Giant Red Kangaroos Australia 1 Western Red Kangaroo Australia 2 Bernard’s Kangaroos Australia 2 Nail-tailed Wallabies Australia 2 Flying Phalangers Australia 4 Vulpine Phalangers Australia 3 Tasmanian Phalangers Tasmania 2 Feather-tailed ‘‘Mice”’ Australia 1 Opposum ‘Mouse’ Australia 4 Bandicoots Australia 3 Dasyures Australia 6 Murine Opossums So. America Edentates. Great Anteater Three-toed Sloth Two-toed Sloth Nine-banded Armadillos So. America So. America So. America U. S. (Texas) el et Miscellaneous. Sea Lions Cape Hyrax U.S. (California) South Africa oT OY) TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 108 BIRDS. By Lee S. CRANDALL. The following list contains the more important arrivals during the year, species new to the Zoological Park collection being indicated by asterisks. The host of less unusual birds, which go to make up the numbers of every large collection, have not been included here. With the exception of two cocks-of-the- rock and the white-throated bat falcon, received from the Trop- ical Research Station, and a few stragglers secured from dealers, the birds listed were included in the three important shipments of the year. These were the consignment brought by Mr. Ellis S. Joseph from Australasia, one from South Africa by Mr. A. K. Haagner, Director of the Zoological Gardens of Pretoria, and the collection gathered in Europe by the Curator. Casuariformes 1 Bennett Cassowary—Casuarius bennetti. Galliformes 2 Ocellated Megapodes—Leipoa ocellata. *3 Reinwardt Scrub-fowls—Megapodius r. reinwaradti. *1 Swainson Francolin—Pternistes swainsont. *2 Banded Quail—Philortyx fasciatus. 2 Common Peacock Pheasants—Polyplectron chinquis. 2 Black-breasted Crested Guinea-Fowl—Guttera pucherani. Turniciformes *2 Indian Hemipodes—Twrnix tanki. *2 Little Hemipodes—Turnia dussumieri. Columbiformes 1 Purple-crowned Fruit Pigeon—Lamprotreron superba. *3, Lilac-shouldered Fruit Pigeons—Chlorotreron iozona. *2 New Guinea Purple-breasted Fruit Pigeons—Megaloprepia poliura. *1 Golden-fronted Fruit Pigeon—Sylphitreron aurantiifrons. *2 White-fronted Bronze-wing Pigeons—Henicophaps albifrons. *2 Yellow-heart Pigeons—Phlogenas rufigula. 2 Amethyst Pigeons—Phlogenas kubaryi. *1 Beccari Pigeon—Phlogenas beccarii. *Species new to the collections. 104 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ralliformes Australian Moor-hens—Gallinula t. tenebrosa. New Guinea Moor-hens—Gallinula frontata. New Guinea Red-necked Rails—EHulabeornis tricolor grayi. New Guinea Pectoral Rails—EHulabeornis philippensis sub sp. Lariformes Franklin Gulls—Larus franklinit. Gruiformes Paradise Cranes—Tetrapteryx paradisea. Australian Cranes—Mathewsia r. rubicunda. Kagu—Rhinochetus jubatus. White-winged Trumpeter—Psophia leucoptera. Dusky Trumpeter—Psophia obscura. Ardeiformes White-bellied Stork—Abdimia abdimi. Northern Boat-billed Herons—Cochlearius zeledoni. Nankeen Night Heron—Nycticorax caledonicus. Anseriformes South African Sheldrake—Casarca cana. Maned Geese—Chenonetta jubata. Kyton Tree Ducks—Ctenanas eytoni Formosan Teal—Nettion formosum. Pelecaniformes Frigate Bird—F'regata aquila. Accipitriformes Secretary Bird—Serpentarius serpentarius. Pondicherry Vultures—Otogyps calvus. Eared Vulture—Otogyps auricularis. White-backed Vultures—Pseudogyps bengalensis. Zone-tailed Hawk—Tachytriorchis abbreviatus. White-headed Sea Fagle—Halixetus vocifer. White-breasted Sea Hagle—Halixetus leucogaster. White-throated Bat Faleon—F'alco albigularis. Strigiformes Bengal Eagle Owl—Bubo bengalensis. Spotted Eagle Owl—Bubo maculosus. me OD ee TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 105 Cape Eagle Owl—Bubo capensis. Arctic Horned Owls—Bubo virginianus subarcticus. Indian Fishing Owl—Ketupa ketupa. Psittaciformes Keas—Nestor notabilis. Kakas—Nestor meridionalis. Yellow-rumped Lory—Eos fuscata. Ornate Lorikeet—Trichoglossus ornatus. Musk Lorikeet—Glossopsitta concinna. Swift Lorikeets—Lathamus discolor. Banksian Black Cockatoos—Calyptorhynchus b. banksit. Gang-gang Cockatoo—Callocephalon galeatum. Golden-winged Parrakeets—Brotogeris chrysopterus. Golden-fronted Parrakeet—Brotogeris tuipara. Red-bellied Parrakeets—Pyrrhura vittata. Imperial Amazon—Amazona imperialis. Timneh Parrot—Psittacus timneh. Barraband Parrakeet—Polytelis swainsonii. Black-tailed Parrakeets—Polytelis anthopeplus. Queen Alexandra Parrakeet—Spathopterus alexandrae. Yellow-bellied Parrakeets—Platycercus caledonicus. Yellow-rumped Parrakeet—Platycercus f. flaveolus. Stanley Parrakeets—Platycercus icterotis. Black-hooded Parrakeets—Psephotellus chrysopterygius dis- similis. Turquoisine Parrakeet—Neophema pulchella. Uvean Parrakeets—Nymphicus uveensis. Olive Grass Parrakeets—Melopsittacus undulatus var. Coraciformes Lilac-breasted Roller—Coracius caudatus. Papuan Wreath-billed Hornbill—Rhytidoceros plicatus. Tawny Frogmouth—Podargus s. strigoides. Passeriformes White-barred Ant-thrushes—Thamnophilus doliatus. Picine Woodhewer—Dendroplex p. picus. Venezuelan Vermilion Flycatcher—Pyrocephalus rubinus saturatus. Cocks-of-the-Rock—Rupicola rupicola. Macklot Pitta—Pitta macklotzt. New Guinea Pitta—Pitta nove-guine. 106 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pied Babbler—Crateropus bicolor. Jardine Babblers—Crateropus jardinet. Red-throated Thrush—Turdus ruficollis. Black-throated Thrush—Turdus atrigularis. Pied Chat—Sazicola picata. Evening Grosbeak—Hesperiphona v. vespertina. Orinoco Saltators—Saltator orinocensis. Rendall Singing Finches—Anomalospiza imberbis. Varied Buntings—Passerina versicolor. Red-headed Calliste—Tangara desmaresti. Gray-headed Mannikin—Munia caniceps. Parrot Finches—Erythrura psittacea. Violet-eared Waxbills—Granatina granatina. Golden-crowned Oriole—Icterus auricapillus. Amethyst Starlings—Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verrauxi. Black-necked Myna—Graculipica nigricollis. Maroon Oriole—Oriolus traillt. Lesser Bird of Paradise—Paradisea minor. Prince Rudolph’s Blue Birds of Paradise—Paradisornis rudolfi. Six-plumed Birds of Paradise—Parotia sefilata. Magnificent Rifle-birds—Craspedophora magnifica. Australian Cat-birds—Ailuredus crassirostris. Himalayan Tree Magpie—Dendrocitta himalayensis. ‘asod Jo AjSaleul UI 71 S[BAL 100 pay 4]2}¥IS 9Y} UPAS JON “edRAT JO OUO SI UOIZUA}I" JAg[ev JO S8a1j8 TepUN Jeep SUIzses97zU! S14} JO JUSWISAOU AIOAY waqdd GATIVL-4OV1Td NVIAWNTOO re Or at eee aes ~ eG — REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE Pension Board of the New York Zoological Society con- tinued its work during the year 1920 with the following mem- bers: Mr. Wm. Pierson Hamilton, Chairman; Mr. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer; Messrs. William Woodward, Geo. Bird Grin- nell, Lewis R. Morris, Chas. H. Townsend, H. R. Mitchell, R. L. Ditmars and H. W. Merkel, Secretary. Mr. H. R. Mitchell con- tinued to act as Assistant Treasurer, while Mr. W. I. Mitchell had charge of the bookkeeping, pension deductions and other details. Frequent meetings were held at the office of Mr. Wm. Pier- son Hamilton, at 23 Wall Street, these offices being courteously made available by Mr. Hamilton for the use of the Pension Board, even when he was not able to be present. The Pension Board is gratified to report that the income account of the Fund continues to accumulate at a very satisfac- tory rate, there being available for pension payments at the close of 1920 the sum of $67,464.39 as against $57,844.59 at the end of 1919. This income was composed of $3,488.91 collected from the members of the Fund, interest on investments amounted to $2,793.77, and the yearly contribution of $8,000 from the New York Zoological Society. Three pensions were granted during the year as follows: Geo. M. Beerbower, Owen McCabe and Mrs. Margereta Dahl, this now making ten pensioners on the rolls of the Fund, who were in receipt of $2,967.88 during the year 1920. The following eighteen members were admitted to the Fund: John Teevan, A. E. Ambrose, Wm. Smead, Wm. E. Gaffney, Edw. P. Carberry, Henry Schuler, John Conlin, Sterling Collison, Chas. von Hagen, Jr., Tressie A. Hunter, John J. Parker, Patrick 110 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Masterson, Jos. J. Dooley, Geo. F. Moran, James J. Legg, Michael O’Hara, Joseph Mucha and Barney Rogers. Three applicants were rejected because of their inability to pass the doctor’s examination. The resignations of the following thirteen members relieved the Fund of 73 years of accumulated services, and there was re- funded to them $951.61: Herbert De Rossi: Jan lO. 19203 ee $10.28 Lochart Vou: Viarche9s 1920224 ee 39.83 George PP. Diehl March 11-1920. 2 108.40 Ethel. ss: Meyers Aprile ta) 192002. 2 142.06 Robtssutehittes Aprill20; 192055. ae 200.02 Patrick Dolan, May 1521920. eee ee eee 95.02 Florence Bethel, May 24, 1920.............. 17.25 Patrick Masterson-gune 3s, 19205 22) 5.2 5.28 John). Parker June:Zcoal920). «2 oe see 6.42 DD Moranvillessiuily 1Ofs 920 eee 116.32 George Miller, August 31, 1920............ 88.68 J Jk Dooleygoepe. 2 LOOM 5 ee ee 8.20 John) HesWalhisesNov-8: 920e see eee 113.75 $951.61 One death occurred, that of Fritz Dahl, who died at the age of 74 years and 4 months, after nearly 21 years of faithful ser- vice with the New York Zoological Society. The membership of the Pension Fund consisted on December 381, 1920, of 122 members, this being an increase of two over that of December 31, 1919. The members of the Pension Board look toward the future with confidence, in spite of the increased number of pensioners and the greater amount of pensions paid out than in previous years, and despite the criticism of instability that was directed against the Fund by the Carnegie Foundation. This criticism, the Board believes, is amply refuted by the Treasurer’s statement, which is printed in this Report. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM P. HAMILTON, HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chairman, Pension Board. Secretary, Pension Board. TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION Kartabo, British Guiana REPORT FOR THE YEAR, 1920 STAFF WILLIAM BEEBE, Director; JOHN TEE-VAN, Assistant; INNESS HARTLEY, Research Associate; ALFRED EMERSON, Research Associate; J. F. M. FLoyp, Research Associate; CLIFFORD POPE, Research Assistant; ISABEL COOPER, Artist; MABEL SATTER- LEE, Artist; WINIFRED J. EMERSON, Lab- oratory Assistant; THOMAS SMo- LUCHA, Photographer. I present herewith a brief resume of the activities during the year 1920 of the Station which the Zoological Society has established in British Guiana for the investigation of wild life in jungle and air and water. This laboratory has found what I hope is its permanent home, at Kartabo, on the point of land at the junction of the Mazaruni and Cuyuni Rivers. This is the fourth year of the work of the Station, beginning at Kalacoon in 1916, and from the present point of view the choice of location could hardly have been better. So exactly balanced between civilization and the jungle is our chosen site that within a half hour down river at H. M. Penal Settlement, we have the facilities of telegraph, cable and post office, and the tri-weekly service of the government steamers, bringing us ice, fresh fruit and vegetables, and all the comforts and luxuries which long residence in one place demands. On the other hand, red baboons, peccaries and all the varied life of the jungle sometimes come within a few yards of the opposite side of our laboratory. Historically, the site of the Research Station is probably the most interesting in the Colony. Four hundred yards away is the little island of Kyk-over-al, which for over a century was the capital of Essequibo. In the Hakluyt volumes on British Guiana, and in Rodway’s History are many interesting allusions to “Catharbo.” 112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY In the course of our residence at Kartabo we have learned that it is possible for persons wholly unused to the tropics and who have never even camped out before, to live in comfort and health in double-roofed tents, sleeping with the entrance flaps open, without mosquito nets, at the very edge of the jungle and a few feet distant from the river. And this, not for a few weeks merely, but for a year at a time, throughout all four seasons— the two rainy and the two dry, which are so remarkably distinct in this district. The success of these regulation United States army tents has been greater than I could have expected. To go through the heaviest of long rainy seasons without leaking a drop, or to have one’s clothing without mold during that period is a record better than many Georgetown houses can boast. A single lantern keeps vampires at a distance, and mosquitoes and flies are unknown, while it is a radical refutation of the general idea of the tropics to have to sleep under a blanket every night. In spite of the presence of perai, electric eels and poisonous sting rays, all of which are found near by, the entire staff bathes daily, often swimming far out into the river, and we believe that this exercise does much toward keeping us fit. We have learned that the most delicious meat of the Colony is bushmeat, and two Indians provide the accourie, labba, maam, monkeys, marudis, warracabras, bushpigs and deer which make up most of our bill of fare. As far as actual exploration goes, we have added consider- ably to the general knowledge of the district. The area in which we work we have carefully mapped, and divided into numbered, one hundred foot squares. But the life of the jungle is so omni- present and abundant at our very door we seldom have gone be- yond a radius of three miles, while nine-tenths of our investiga- tions are carried on within a half mile of our laboratory bungalow. During the seven months from June to December, 1920, we have welcomed about seventy visitors to the Station, while actual workers on the staff have numbered seventeen. Some of these investigators with their special problems are as follows: I. W. Bailey, Harvard University—Relation of Ants to Cer- tain Plants. William Beebe, Columbia University and Zoological Society —General Evolutionary Problems in Ornithology and Ecology. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 113 Miss Isabel Cooper, Bryn Mawr College—Artist. Alfred Emerson, Cornell University—Life History of Kar- tabo Termites. J. F. M. Floyd, University of Glasgow brata. Forbes, Cornell University—Organs of Hearing in Lepi- doptera. H. Gifford, University of Nebraska—Comparative Ophthal- mology. G. I. Hartley, Cornell University—Relationships of Certain Non-oscine Birds. Clifford Pope, University of Virginia—Life Histories of Kartabo Fish. Miss Mabel Satterlee, Columbia University—Coloration of Ameiva and the Painting of Optical Fundi. T. V. Smolucha, New Jersey—Photography and Pen-and- Ink Drawing. Miss Anna Taylor, South Carolina—Botanical Painting. John Tee-Van, Zoological Society—Ecology of Certain Lepi- doptera. Wm. M. Wheeler, Harvard University—Ants of Kartabo. C. A. Wood, Stanford University—Optical Fundi of Birds and Other Vertebrates. Twenty or thirty papers are in course of preparation and will be published, beginning with the autumn of 1921. Only the barest outlines can be given of some of the researches at present being carried on. In the field of biology, the three aspects to which most atten- tion has been paid have been color, its occurrence, development and use; breeding, with especial attention to season, courtships and nests; and food, with detailed examinations of stomachs of all classes of vertebrates. Parasites of Verte- About sixty species of mammals have been recorded from the district, ranging from mouse opossums to dolphins. One of the rarest is the two-toed or silky anteater, of which three have been seen, the last individual in the Colony House at the Penal Settlement. The mammals of British Guiana possess a unique historical interest, from a taxonomic point of view, for most of 114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Linneus’ original collections came from this region, and thus we find that the most of the form are the types of their respective genera. Nearly four hundred and fifty species of birds have been recorded, of which breeding notes have been made on one hun- dred and thirty species. This is probably the largest number ever recorded from so limited an area. Elaborate food notes have been made, and dissections of characters, hitherto little studied in fresh specimens, such as turbinals, the tail muscles, syrinx, tongue and fundus oculi. Over one hundred species of reptiles and amphibians have been collected, their brilliant but evanescent coloring painted, and the embryology and life history of many worked out. Only the fishes which have been taken inshore in weir and nets have been studied. These number about seventy-five, and in diversity and strangeness of form, food and habits, are an assurance of intensely interesting future work in this field. Collections have been made of the land travelling forms for study of their adaptive swim-bladders. Among the insects, ants and termites or wood ants are the only groups which have been studied with any thoroughness. Prof. William M. Wheeler, who is the acknowledged authority on ants, collected over two hundred forms in two months, within a Short distance of the laboratory, and actually secured ninety- three species from a single tree of medium size. In the cleared compound of the laboratory he found every genus of fungus- growing ant known in the world. During two seasons’ work, Mr. Alfred Emerson discovered seventy species of wood ants, within a half mile of the station. Fifty of these are new to science. A most remarkable series of one hundred kinds of guest insects were collected, some modified to an astounding extent. The castes of soldiers, workers, kings and queens, the nests, fungus diseases and parasites, wing devel- opment and general habits of many of these species have been recorded in notes, drawings and photographs. Although the interest is primarily purely scientific, yet investigations such as this may ultimately prove to be of considerable economic interest. Although no work has been completed in other groups of invertebrates, yet a hasty resume of butterflies and moths shows TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 115 that out of a possible forty-four families, representatives of thirty-nine have already been secured. Besides the research work carried on by members of the staff, specimens have been gathered in particular cases for im- mediate study elsewhere. Usually, however, requests for in- definite collections, desired for study at some future time, have been refused, for this is intended more especially as a Station for workers in the field, and not a collecting medium. Dr. Schultz of John’s Hopkins is working on the embryology of red howling monkeys; Dr. Reese of the University of West Virginia on alli- gators, and young electric eels have been sought for Dr. Dahlgren of Princeton. Several collections of live animals and birds have been sent to the New York Zoological Park, including a two-toed sloth, several cocks-of-the-rock, a hacka, electric eels, bushmasters, fer-de-lance and a young red ‘“‘baboon.” We have already delved more deeply into the wild life of Kartabo, than corresponding work carried on in any tropical area of equal size, and yet the more we study the living things about us, the more we realize what a vast labor confronts us and our successors. We have hundreds of sheets of manuscript, thousands of photographs, colored plates and moving pictures, but only the satisfaction of a little thorough and sincere work accomplished keeps us from discouragement at the immense fields of investigation still lying ahead. While most of the work of the Station will be brought out in scientific publications of the New York Zoological Society, yet the Director has felt it an equal duty to set forth some of the more popular aspects in magazines and books, such as the essays in “Jungle Peace’ and in the later series in the Atlantic Monthly, beginning with “A Tropic Garden,’ which deals with the George- town Botanical Gardens. Eighty-six contributions from the Sta- tion, both technical and popular, already have been published. There are two vital sources of satisfaction to the Director: First, that scientists of Great Britain and other countries are beginning to be interested, and to join the staff of workers, thus emphasizing the international character of scientific research, and refuting any consideration of the Station as solely an Ameri- can undertaking. And second, the cordial relations which have always existed between the British Guiana government officials 116 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY and the Director and his Staff—relations direct, generous and altogether satisfactory. These then, are some of the serious activities of the Station, its raison d’etre, present and future. But it is impossible to convey in words the joy of life in such a place as this; the won- derful sunrises and the indescribable sunsets, the full moon glow- ing through bamboo filigree, recalling Japan, and the wandering little storms, each with its rainbow or sometimes two; the hard work and the hard play—the evenings of violent scientific argu- ment, others of the reading of poetry, or tales of travel or war; the nights—dreamless and of absolute healthy repose, in prepara- tion for days all too short. The only regret, always present, ever more real, is the hope- lessness of understanding more than a fraction of the problems which confront us. Each strange habit or character, song or color is no sooner studied and interpreted, than a hundred others rise to take its place. If after all our labors, we can add a single stone to the edifice of human understanding of the great world of Nature about us, if we can bring any of our fellow human beings in the world to a greater appreciation of the beauties and wonders of this splen- did country, I, and the generous gentlemen of the Zoological Society who are making our Laboratory possible, will feel that we have been more than repaid. REPORT OF THE PROSECTOR TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS BEG to submit the following Report covering the operations of the Prosector’s Department for the past year. The material received from the Society’s Collections con- sisted of seventy-seven mammals distributed among the orders as follows: | BAT ert a2 TOPS ns econ tras cA Ere Pee oe ME es ee a ee RD 24 (CEB ANIA 0) Ge aren APRS nthe A ert reise AOR RRL URE 5" Rr Rallies oe hD a PPO oar 18 | Eb 3 (SS ALES eis Be So Oe ont Or Fook PP OL eds Sala, <1 Pony ae ERR 3 1BOY0 (LOE eRe Res ARAN SND: Bey SMS ole eeaiate Cae Shoe EZ AVE AT Sta MUTA vacee coca ceee auacreseiaes Manto doocer hen eerie cane ie PO Pallas ecatines viet ene eee cead de naa ected ke tor a nome ee Wel There was also received one specimen of the Australian lung- fish, Ceratodus. A number of living specimens of Acanthias were supplied for anatomical and experimental work on the nervous system by the New York Aquarium. The material has been used, as in previous years, in prose- cuting the work of the Department in morphological research and teaching. Especial reference should be made to the progress of the in- vestigation of the primate brain stem carried out by the depart- ment under Professor Tilney. This has advanced to a very satis- factory stage making it possible to establish the absolute nuclear homologies in the anthropoid and human brain. The scope of this work includes reconstructions of the gray matter of the brain stems, based on complete serial sections, from the medulla up to and through the optic thalamus, permitting a comparative analysis of the active substance (gray matter) in the brain of the following forms: 118 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1. Gorilla 5. Macacus 2. Chimpanzee 6. Cynocephalus 3. Orang-utan 7. Alouatta 4. Gibbon 8. Hapale 9. Lemur. A remarkable history of special adaptation, according to the life and habits of the several primates thus examined, is being revealed by this investigation, and at the same time the order of relation of the lower types to the higher apes and man has been established upon the fundamental grounds of the homologies of the central governing system of the body. There seems to be no doubt in the light of the definite results obtained that the gorilla stands nearest in its cerebral organization to man. The structural similarities between man and gorilla are so complete and striking that none but the expert would be able to detect the differences, even microscopically. The chimpanzee, orang- utan, and gibbon follow next in succession in the order named. In the lower primates very wide and significant differences of internal structure are observed, and each difference appears to be indicative of a highly specialized adaptation to habitat, mode of life and general environment. The work up to the present has as its main object the estab- lishment of the fundamental homologies of the primate brain stem, with the analytic interpretation of the modifications result- ing from the several divergent fines of environment adapta- tion. A series of papers is in preparation, to be published shortly in the Journal of Comparative Neurology, illustrated by drawings of the reconstructions of the brain stem, camera lucida and projection drawings of selected portions of the gray and white matter, and photographs of sections at forty critical levels through the brain stem of each species. Ultimately the results of the entire investigation will be brought together in the form of an atlas, giving the critical analysis of the Simian and Prosimian brain with relation to the evolution of the human brain. Respectfully submitted, GEO. S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector, N. Y. Zoological Society. January st, 92M. ‘sJUSWeIINbed ASIoUs 0} 9}L[AI ‘SUOIPVUIUIIA}Jap UOIZBIIdsaa YSNOIY} UISI[OGe OUI JO SeIpNys sseyy, ‘uasAxO YjIM pelfddns ‘stequreyo pe[ees A[jeoeutey ut *‘yreq [Bols0[007 ay} FO sopizdea puw’ sprlq ‘s[BUIUIeUT UO SjUeUIIIedxe Jo Salies AY SU] B SuLyeU Useq sey ALOPELOGV'T UOIZLIYNN oIBoureD 9yy Jo Yoipsuag “aq YaLYWONVATYS GNV NOLONODf-OWUEHL AHL FO SNVAW AG STVWINV ADUVI AO SHUNLVUAdWAL NIMS DNINVL REPORT OF THE PATHOLOGIST TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS URING the last eight or ten years in which I have been honored by the appointment as pathologist to the Zoological Society this is my first report. As this is the first opportunity that I have had of publicly expressing my great appreciation of the honor conferred by the Society in appointing me as patholo- gist for their great collection of biological specimens, perhaps the greatest in the world, I gladly do so now. In such a collection, kept under confinement that is unnatural to the members of it, many cases of sickness and death must occur, so that the opportunity for examinations is exceedingly unusual, and to one interested in such work immense possibilities are sure to present themselves. I have found this to be the case and have not been slow to take advantage of it all, making it the sole object of my study and work. In doing this, I may say that I have made a collection of thousands of specimens that I have tried to mount and preserve carefully so that they may be of use in the future as a reference for those who necessarily will be engaged in similar work. Much of the material, I may say, is new to science, and as the tendency of students of biology today is devoted largely to an endeavor to discover the cause of disease, not only in mankind but also in such creatures as man necessarily comes in contact with in the source of his food or drink, etc., it becomes a very important study. This fact has been recognized all over the world and many of the best minds of today are engaged in such work with unusually good results, a fair share of which has fallen to men devoted to the study of science in this country. In fact, many of the best discoveries of the age in that line have fallen to Americans. Since the above facts must be acknowledged 122 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY as true and that the presence of parasites in the different biologi- cal organisms with which man comes in contact is becoming more generally known by their study, it is easy to see why so many ardent students are found to-be engaged in this interesting and fascinating work. Much already has been done in finding this material, but one may say that a mere beginning has been made in the study of its future effects on man. In fact, all or almost all of the germs that recently have been discovered as the causes of different diseases, are parasites or their products, and pathology is becoming largely influenced by a knowledge of this fact. To return to our immediate work at the Aquarium in New York and to the Zoological Park, I have to say that Dr. Townsend has been unremitting in his kindly endeavor to place at my dis- posal an immense amount of varied material which I have en- deavored to make as much use of as possible, and I wish here to thank him for his kindness and also for his intelligent endeavor to let me have such material as promised results of the first order. At the Zoological Park, too, Dr. Hornaday has hitherto allowed his assistants to place at my disposal such material as I thought would prove of interest and use to humanity, and I here wish to publicly thank him for his kindness since he thus recognized that it would not be his fault if my endeavors did not produce the results which he and the rest of us hoped would follow. I must not omit in this report, however, to thank Mr. Madi- son Grant for his unfailing response to any request I have had to make which he deemed consistent with the interests of the Society. I had hoped to be able to give a detailed account of the diseases and ravages of parasites among the fishes and animals that have fallen under my notice during the term of my position as pathologist, but as I am limited for space I must refer those interested to my numerous papers of the work done for the Society until I may have an opportunity to take up the subject as a specialty. Respectfully submitted, G. A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist, N. Y. Zoological Society. January. 1921: s ee YAS “ihe wey peace a 7 a SAND FISH, DIPLECTRUM FORMOSUM Photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS HE year 1920 has not passed without events of importance to the Aquarium. Through the financial aid of the Zoological Society an ex- cellent collecting boat has been acquired which has made possible a great improvement in exhibits; an increase in exhibition space has been secured by the enlargement of tanks, and’ at the close of the year improvements have been authorized which will permit of the construction of additional tanks. The attendance, which fell off to some extent during the war, has returned to almost the pre-war figures of over two millions. The collecting boat Seahorse was in service from May 29 to November 8, and on November 18 was hauled out for the winter. The boat made twenty-six trips, collecting over 3,000 fishes of sixty different species. In addition to fishes, more than a thou- sand crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates useful both as exhibits and as fish food were brought in. The dimensions of the Seahorse are as follows: Length, 35 feet; beam, 11 feet; draught, 314 feet; length of forward cabin, 10 feet; length of after cabin, 7 feet; the well amidships is 10 feet long at the bottom, with the width and depth of the boat. There are berths for four men. The boat has a 25 horse-power engine, is sloop-rigged and is thoroughly staunch and seaworthy. With the exception of one cruise in Long Island Sound, all the collecting was done in lower New York Bay in the vicinity of Sandy Hook. Collections were made partly by seining, but chiefly by visiting the numerous large pound nets located in the lower bay and making selections from the heavy catches of the commercial fishermen. As a rule trips were made only once a 126 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY week when men could be spared from their regular duties at the Aquarium, and were seldom of more than twenty-four hours’ duration. The boat can, if desirable, give much greater service than has so far been necessary. As the Aquarium is under the necessity of collecting its own exhibits, the addition of a well-boat to the equipment of the in- stitution has permitted a decided increase in efficiency. The work of the Seahorse has already been described in de- tail in the November number of the Zoological Society Bulletin. FISHES AND INVERTERBRATES COLLECTED BY THE WELL-BOAT SEAHORSE IN LOWER NEW YORK BAY FROM JUNE 1 TO NOVEMBER 8, 1920: FISHES (Sharks, Skates and Rays) Grayfish (Mustelus canis) Blue Shark (Carcharhinus milberti) Sand Shark (Carcharias littoralis) Horned Dogfish (Squalus acanthius) Common Skate (Raja erinacea) Clear-nosed Skate (R. eglanteria) Barndoor Skate (R. laevis) Sting Ray (Dasyatis centrura) Cow-nosed Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) (Sturgeons) Common Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) Short-nosed Sturgeon (A. brevirostrum) (Bony Fishes) Eel (Anguilla chrysypa) Glut Herring (Pomolobus aestivalis) Shad (Alosa sapidissima) Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Billfish or Silver Gar (Tylosurus marinus ) Common Pipefish (Siphostoma fuscum) Common Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Common Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Chub Mackerel (S. colias) Crevalle or Jack (Caranw hippos) Yellow Mackerel or Runner (C. crysos) Silver Moonfish (Selene vomer) Common Pampano (Trachinotus carolinus ) Pilotfish (Seriola zonata) Goggler or Big-Eyed Sead (Trachurops crumenophthalmus ) Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix ) Butterfish or Harvestfish (Rhombus triacanthus) Long-finned Harvestfish (R. paru) Striped Bass (Roccus lineatus) White Perch (Morone americana) TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT IAT Black Sea-bass (Centropristes striatus) Seup or Porgy (Stenotomus chrysops) Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysopterus ) Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) Sea-drum (Pogonias cromis) Weakfish or Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis) Spot or Lafayette (Leiostomus wxanthurus) Kingfish (Menticirrhus saxatilis) Croaker (Micropogon undulatus) Tautog or Blackfish (Tautoga onitis) Cunner or Bergall (Tautogolabrus adspersus ) Common Triggerfish (Balistes carolinensis ) Massachusetts Filefish (Monacanthus Tage) Orange Filefish (Alutera schoepfi) Puffer (Spheroides maculatus ) Spiny Boxfish (Chylomycterus schoepfi) -Eighteen-spined Sculpin (Myowocephalus octodecimspinosus ) Common Sea Robin (Prionotus carolinus) Striped Sea Robin (P. strigatus) Shark Sucker (Echeneis naucrates) Common Toadfish (Opsanus tau) Whiting or Silver Hake (Merluccius bilinearis ) Tomeod (Microgadus tomcod) Spotted Codling (Urophycis regius) Squirrel Hake (Phycis chuss) Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) Windowpane or Star Flounder (Lophopsetta maculata) Common Angler (Lophius piscatorius ) TURTLES Atlantic Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas ) INVERTEBRATES (Coelenterates) White anemone (Sagartia leucolena) Jelly-fish (Aurelia flavidula) (Echinoderms) Starfish (Asterias forbesii) (Mollusks) Sand-collar snail (Lunatica heros) Channelled whelk (Sycotypus canaliculatus) Mud snail (Nassa obsoleta) (Crustaceans) Rock crab (Cancer irroratus) Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) Spider crab (Libinia dubia) Lady crab (Platyonichus ocellatus) Blue crab (Callinectes hastatus) Small hermit crab (Hupagurus longicarpus ) Lobster (Homarus americanus ) MARINE PLANTS Sea lettuce (Ulva latissima) Red alga (Soleria chordalis) THE SEAHORSE Lying in her berth at the Aquarium. THE BOW OF THE SEAHORSE TWENTY-FiIFTH ANNUAL REPORT MAS) Exhibition Tanks.—The circle of glass-fronted masonry tanks on the main floor has been under improvement for three or four years. These tanks, originally constructed with their rear walls only four feet back from the heavy plate giass fronts, have been enlarged to nearly three times their original capacity by setting the rear walls eleven feet back. In some cases the tanks have been further enlarged by removing dividing walls and combining two tanks in one. The improvements thus effected have already been described in former reports and in the Zoological Society Bulletin. During the past summer eleven more tanks were en- larged, a fund of $2,440 having been provided by the Zoological Society for that purpose. The four remaining tanks of the original size cannot be enlarged on account of their position. The enlargement of the ground floor series of tanks has made possible not only a great improvement in appearance and an in- crease in exhibits, but has contributed very decidedly to the com- fort and health of the inmates of the tanks. Much of this work has been done from time to time by the employes of the Aquarium without aid from the city or the Zoological Society. Proposed Improvements.—Early in November the Executive Committee of the Zoological Society decided to undertake, at the expense of the Society, certain improvements of the building which have long been needed. It is now proposed to remove the pumping plant and other machinery from the rear of the Aquarium to the unused front basement and make available for exhibits the space now occupied by pumps, boilers and filters. The basement to be enlarged by excavation will afford more room for machinery than is now available in its present position and relieve the Aquarium of the long-standing trouble due to a fur- nace room periodically flooded by the tides. On February 5 the tide rose higher than ever before, almost touching the furnace fires. Steam heat was cut off the building owing to the entire submergence of the return pump for three hours. Another improvement to be undertaken without delay is the addition of a third story to increase office space and provide laboratory facilities which the Aquarium has always lacked. The Collections.—The living exhibits of the Aquarium are now more numerous and varied than at any time in the past. This is due to the enlargement of tanks and the possession of a 130 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY collecting boat. When the space now occupied by machinery is converted into exhibition space the collections can be further increased by one-fifth. The collection of fishes now numbers 3,525 specimens and 138 species. Of reptiles there are 253 specimens and 23 species. There are 38 amphibians of 8 different species; and of mammals 6 specimens and 2 species. The invertebrates number 2,893 specimens, representing 20 species. The total number of speci- mens is 6,715, representing 190 species. The fishes on exhibition may be classified as follows: tropical (Florida and West Indies), 48 species; northern marine, 44 species; native fresh water, 38 species; and foreign fresh water, 8 species. The collection of amphibians and reptiles cannot be ma- terially enlarged until more favorable conditions for keeping them can be provided. The same is true with regard to inverte- brates which need a separate system of sea water. The present reservoir of stored sea water is tempered for the accommoda- tion of tropical forms, and the cool sea water pumped from the harbor is now too impure for Aquarium purposes. The most interesting gift to the collections was from Mr. Henry Whiton of New York, who presented several giant or alligator garfish. The specimens were brought from south- western Louisiana on one of the steamers of the Union Sulphur Company by authority of Mr. Whiton. These fishes averaged about four feet in length, and as the species attains a length of at least eight feet and is very hardy, there is promise of further growth in captivity. Early in January the Fairmount Park Aquarium in Phila- delphia presented two female California sea lions about four years old. They occupy one of the large floor pools and at the close of the year remain in good condition. Important donations of fishes were made by the New York Conservation Commission and the New Jersey Fish and Game Commission. An exchange of marine fishes was made with the Detroit Aquarium whereby the New York Aquarium received 151 fishes of 23 species. THE AQUARIUM IN 1892 Work was then in progress converting the old structure into an Aquarium. Soul Sm aaah a Ata nes et THE AQUARIUM AS IT IS TO-DAY This view was made from one of the upper stories of an office building facing Battery Park. faz, NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY An exchange with the Philadelphia Aquarium brought to New York 21 fine specimens of the calico bass. The U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and the New York Conser- vation Commission provided eggs of seven different kinds of fishes for the Aquarium hatchery. The fry were distributed to the states of New York and New Jersey. Numerous specimens of the commoner fresh-water fishes were collected in the lakes of the city parks by the employes of the Aquarium. Early in September employes of the Aquarium brought 600 fishes from Florida, representing 52 species. A second shipment in October was less successful, the bulk of the collection being lost on account of rough weather. A complete list of accessions during the year will be found elsewhere in this report. Limulus to Berlin.—At the request of Dr. V. Heinroth of the Aquarium located in the Zoological Gardens of Berlin, the New York Aquarium forwarded twenty specimens of the horse-shoe crab (Limulus), which is not found on the eastern Atlantic Coast. Although special arrangements were made for their care aboard ship, eleven of the specimens died in transit; but the remaining nine were in good condition and it is hoped they can be kept alive for a long time. . Exhibit of Fancy Goldfishes—From October 10-12, inclusive, the Aquarium Society of New York held an exhibition of fancy goldfishes at the Aquarium, as had been done in 1919. It at- tracted much attention and many visitors, and emphasized more strongly than ever the desirability of such an exhibit as part of the permanent display of the Aquarium. With the enlarge- ment of the building, it may become possible to exhibit various fishes for home aquaria, such as fancy goldfishes, small native fishes—dace, killies, sticklebacks, minnows, etc.—and many varieties of the brilliantly colored tropical toy fishes. Jenny Lind Centennial Celebration——From October 1-23, in- clusive, the Executive Committee of the Jenny Lind Centennial Celebration Committee held an exhibition of the relics of the great Swedish singer at the Aquarium, where she first sang in America, in 1850. As already noted in the November Bulletin, the exhibition proved very popular and was viewed by 163,151 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT ise persons. Biographies, books of music, daguerreotypes, paintings, engravings, pianos, china busts, medals, autographs, and other relics were forwarded for the exhibition from Massachusetts, California, and other states. On October 6, the one hundredth anniversary of her birth, exercises were held in the building and presided over by Dr. Johannes Hoving, Chairman of the Com- ‘mittee. Cablegrams to and from King Gustaf of Sweden were read, addresses were made by Mr. W. A. F. Ekengren, Swedish Minister to the United States, Mr. Madison Grant as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Zoological Society, and Di- rector Townsend of the Aquarium; and excellent singing was rendered by the Swedish Singing Society Svea. A marble bust of Jenny Lind, slightly larger than life size, which it had been rumored would be presented to the Aquarium by the city on the day of the exercises, did not arrive, but was presented by the Centennial Celebration Committee in January. The only inscription it bears are the characters on the back, “W.v. Hoyer, Roma, F. 1848,” and it has been an exceedingly difficult matter to gain any knowledge of the sculptor or as to where and under what circumstances the bust was made. Jenny Lind, we are told, was never in Rome, and one account says that von Hoyer merely sent the bust to Rome to be done in marble. She brought the bust to America, but never carried it back to Europe, having given it to the lady with whom she lived on Staten Island. It was eventually sold and found its way to an art shop in New York, where the attention of the Committee was called to it. About the sculptor practically nothing is known. Walton’s Gallery of Sculpture contains an engraving of his statue of Psyche, which was the property of Queen Victoria, and a brief biographical notice in German states that he was a theological student at Rome and made numerous statues of idealistic sub- jects. He died in Dresden in 1873. An examination of over sixty books on sculpture and Ger- man biography, revealed but two that mention von Hoyer, one stating that his name was Wilhelm, the other that it was Wolf. Even the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, a work of German biography in sixty volumes, contains no reference to this sculptor, and it is significantly sad that a man who could do work that was prized by Queen Victoria should be so little known to fame. JENNY LIND From a marble bust made by W. V. Hoyer, Rome. 1848, Presented to the New York Aquarium by the Jenny Lind Centennial Celebration Committee. Photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 135 Perhaps his bust of Jenny Lind, now reposing permanently at the Aquarium, will gain for him the honors which elusive Fame seems hitherto to have been so shy in bestowing. (I.M.M.) Aid to Schools and Teachers.—The Aquarium this year distrib- uted to thirty-four schools nearly eight hundred small marine animals for school aquaria, besides supplying the eggs of fishes to various institutions for embryological study. The number of school childen visiting the Aquarium with their teachers was 7,808. Improvements.—An important improvement early in the year was the renewal of the numerous lead pipes forming the drainage bed of the salt water gravity filters, which had become irreparably corroded. These large filters had rendered excellent service since their installation in 1908, and are now in condition for another long period of service. Much needed repairs were made to both of the large steam boilers. The numerous skylights which have been deteriorating rapidly, were repaired for temporary use, but being badly cor- roded will require complete renewal before another winter sets in. The women’s lavatory was reconstructed and improved dur- ing thesummer. The entire piping system having given way, the room was closed for many weeks. The improvements to boilers, skylights and lavatory were all made by the city. The filter improvements were paid for from the Maintenance Fund. Guide Book.—The Guide to the New York Aquarium, prepared by the Director, was placed on sale February 10. The number of copies sold during the year was 2,041, including numerous copies sent out in response to mail orders from distant parts of the country. The new Guide is a book of 170 pages, bound in boards. There are 160 illustrations, and the number of species referred to is 350. Owing to the high cost of printing, the price of the Guide Book has been fixed at fifty cents, a price which probably re- stricts its sale to some extent. It is to be regretted that the paper used was not of the quality necessary to show the illustrations to good advantage. Coal_——The consumption of coal during the year was 1,088 tons, the cost of which was $9,916.03. 136 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Budget.—The appropriation for the year 1920 was $54,891. An increase on August 20 of $2,934.56 applicable to salaries, and an issue of special revenue bonds at the close of the year to meet a deficit in supplies, amounting to $3,360, were also granted. Attendance.—The attendance, which had decreased somewhat during the war, has now returned to about what it was prior to 1915. The number of visitors in 1920 was 1,994,548, an increase over that of 1919 of 143,973. The daily average for the year was 5,449. The total attendance at the Aquarium for the twenty-three years of its history exceeds forty-five millions. ATTENDANCE AT THE AQUARIUM BY MONTHS, 1920. January WISItOES= en 58,130 Daily average.... 1,875 February % ee: 51,262 a SY sos on, OM March ‘ ee LOGs607 cm fe WA eo baie) April s ee ela aG4 . a oh ARS May s po Li4rA66 oe . sn EOS June S soee ALVASAS s i ces OS July % re 324335683 : +s peal oe August i ecole oos ~ ace SOFA! September seek) OYA ¥ “ idan 16340 October ey fe LOO Maa - is ere (6.71412 November ss eo leo hou : ce . 2 eae, December ry woos WIG pals os “ 3) se Boooe Total ef eee 9944S eee 5 24410) Foulness of the Water of the Harbor.—Owing to the increas- ing pollution of the harbor, the Aquarium was compelled to in- stall a system of pure stored sea water several years ago. The use of this water resulted in an immediate improvement in the health of the inmates of the Aquarium. Recent experiments made at the Aquarium indicate that the harbor is now so polluted by sewage that sea fishes cannot live in it more than a few days. This appears to be proved by the fact that fishes carried in the well of the Aquarium collecting boat must be promptly removed TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 137 to the exhibition tanks to avoid losses. All fishes left in the well of the boat while the vessel is moored behind the Aquarium die within two or three days. The low salinity of the harbor water, less than half that of the open sea, is shown in the following table: RECORD OF MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE WATER OF NEW YORK HARBOR AT THE BATTERY, DURING THE YEAR 1920* Temperature. Specific Gravity. AMUAG Vee k = ttc a ae 39° 1.014 Nebruanry s4 Wake ae Ba 30° 1.015 VID CING 3 eee Chey ie hee 38° Oma ATOR spe sas ct) CN a A AZ? 1.007 Mayo mens See S Lee a: Age Oat AUTO pete hte ere es ent 58° 1.012 “UGK giage a einen eave ects oy ot pb 65° 1.012 JEN DIOS(0 KS Ghee cesar: ea as 68° 1.013 September, <2 5 sass Sleek 69° 1.013 October 3.4... Sk ee 63° IOUS November sic.o5 2 .-5s aces 56° 1.013 Wecembern a... eee 49° 1.010 The Supply of Fresh Water.—The following table of water temperatures, which has been prepared from daily records made at the Aquarium, is published with a view to convenient refer- ence. The water supply of the City was increased and improved in 1917 by the addition of water from the Catskill Mountains. An examination of the table indicates that the water flowing into the Aquarium since that time has a temperature somewhat lower in summer and higher in winter than was formerly the case. The greater equability is probably due to the fact that the temperature of the naturally cooler mountain water is modified by flowing a much greater distance underground. For the pur- poses of the Aquarium the greater equability is desirable. *From daily observations made at the New York Aquarium by Mr. W. I. DeNyse. Specific gravity observations were made with the samples of water brought to a temperature of 60° Fahr. “OSANO( ‘I'M ‘4 AQ opew suoreasosqo A[tep wo1y, 6G 6G aS OS 0S 6G 6g &G cS SS oa vg Sodv1oAV A[1@9 XK &P cv &V GV 66 cv ov &V 8V 97 vV OV 20 6G vg vg 6G 61 ig vg vS 9¢ vg Gg ite "AON, L9 69 69 6G 8g 69 69 ty) She) 69 69 G9 "290 389 89 ~a)e) 09 vg cv 66 LS LO 389 99 UUs) 1S 6V 66 LE 09 L9 v9 09 vg SV OV 86 99 v9 8g 9¢ seks VV 66 Lé v9 SY) 69 LG OS vWD 66 96 69 69 v9 9S 6G cP 96 LE OL 69 g9 6¢ 6G LY OV 86 OL TL L9 09 6g GV OV 8& OL TL L9 Og oV Iv 89 GL GL 39 LG SV OV LS oh GL VL 69 6g oF OV 86 TL GL 69 69 LG OS oV 66 4ydeg ‘Sny Ang ounp Avy ‘ady ‘ae qed 8& 6& ‘ueBe ad BIDAY ATY}UO WW “** "0661 SS GrGk es L(G3) PI MO5E 9 L6l actor ev lor ) aclGr clon /) LIGE OFGE IBdK xAAISNIONT ‘OZ6T OL OLGT WOYd WaAluvady MYOX MAN AHL ONIYALNGY AALVAA HSAYY] AO SAYNLVAGTIWAT, NVA ATYVAA GNV ATHLNOJ( 40 auoogy TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 139 Refrigeration of Fresh Water.—It has always been neces- sary to operate a refrigerating plant at the Aquarium during the summer months, for the benefit of northern species of fishes. It is kept in operation as long as the water temperature remains above sixty degrees Fahrenheit. Since 1917 it has been possible to shorten the period during which refrigeration is required, as may be seen by an examination of the following table: RECORD OF ANNUAL PERIOD OF OPERATION OF THE REFRIGERATING PLANT OF THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM, FROM 1907 To 1920.* Days in Year Started Stopped Operation 1907 June 14 October 22, 130 1908 May 25 November 4 164 | LGOOR eMiay a Ly October 8 145 LTO May. ZL November 9 Is Oil May. a5 November 13 182 1912 May 15 November 13 182 | tS June 12 November 14 156 | Average days, 163 not4 May 23 October ol 162 1915 May 20 November 8 173 1916 May 29 November 13 169 / Loe es une 925 October 14 1A Ze 1918 July 19 October 14 88 SAvotapel dave nts 1919 May 31 November 6 160 otal am 1920) June- 3 November 4 155 \ OBITUARY Mr. W. I. DeNyse, who had been connected with the Aquarium in the capacity of Aquarist since its opening on December 10, 1896, died January 1, 1921, at the age of 61 years. Respectfully submitted, CHAS. HASKINS TOWNSEND, Director. *Krom records kept by Mr. James C. Moore, Chief Engineer. Creasurer's Reports FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1920. Sucome Account Schedule 1. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1919: Available for expenditure during 1920 Investments: $1,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds ATIUTU AMD GS : haere tetas ence wis ase IE Sustaining Memberships 525.0102. 0605.05 oe8 Endowment Fund Income Account (transfer)... Sage Endowment Fund Income Acct. (transfer) Special Maintenance Fund 1920 (transfer) Interest on bank balances Interest on investments Special Subscriptions: American Museum Natural History.. Percy R. Pyne Miscellaneous CCnchte QO) OC OOO DUO Oro oO $400.00 EXPENDITURES. Annualtandsseparatesneportseeneneereenieierine Bale tans eens sehr ce cie caer, ata E e RaT UNE LS ae Photographs and slides LO ONOEACAN Bato ts cack s erences GE Sao SO eSSn aoe HOOPALMO] ODI Cassy Wee ACO iin isis eee Expenses, Annual Meeting JD GTINGES CI IAS NHIOMISS gn bocoboodgosoonpoouDdG0S MVeaAsuLerSPoOnicexexpensSesmamrcmceeecmierrcic seieicren: Generalgoticerexpensesne one serie sce IGG Ol, ACC OUTLUESiari cree aeeege le ioe ore iciersee eae iabilityainsurancee wae meee oie nee Salacvaote Secreta byee mesma d Sete Seo AQUATIUI Expenses iao + me closs ees ome ie cere Ofiicessupplicstandiprintiness eee cee eee el AGENDA SOXSOWIATIS pscoacoucdsccococanucsaccns ide tosemployeesbise ise asc, sicie reaaisinc ce cele a choke Pensions iiundeinconresAtccountareie oeeeieinieree MISUGANCEF ier te savas scene cane elon ere eccvenshet edcuseenetel Aquarimecollectine launcher cecilia (CORP RUBE 1 CH-ODGH ROI dl, 6 Ge Do Orolo Gib ba, OGld Sao BOS. $945.89 990.00 $17,080.00 160.00 16,919.23 14,272.13 13,713.08 1,008.07 40.00 1,410.00 $5,470.13 9,850.10 512.67 496.80 285.83 892.80 1,330.97 1,600.00 5,586.87 1,000.00 381.01 5,000.00 741.97 3,956.52 1,654.02 2°190.00 3,665.00 743.21 1,555.03 $46,912.93 $1,935.89 64,602.51 $66,538.40 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 141 BrOUGUT FOVWATE