% Egerenye te TUT RT - University of the State of New York aot ; ——+40————_—— FoRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT s OF THE . 3 } rer Pe. ~ ot 4 ‘ ¥ ti z T ¢ Le . ‘ —— ‘a ‘ a + 2 7 4 7 4 : s : : 4 ORK STATE MUSEUM. * as 2T OF ASSISTANT IN CHARGE. pd Pa pera. Mee PA re a yf a ‘ a oe ed d “4 , - os SS + Be PS sie 7 vig : 4 ’ < "i ee a f ; : 4 “ 7 JEMEN : — Ly have the honor to submit herewith the Rats of John C. Smock, lately Assistant-in-charge of the State m, containing a summary of the work for the current year, ndition and arrangement of the collections and the addi- hereto etc. up to the end of September, 1890. retirement of Mr. Smock on the Ist of October has left Bulletins already published furnish an account of the ortant work done by Mr. Smock in Economics and by Mr. a Assistant Zoologist. The annual report of the ppointment of Dr. Frederick J. H. Merrill as Assistant t and ‘in charge of the Museum has added an efficient on will fill an important place in the work of the Museum 7 field work preparatory for the geological map, which L as of the first and highest importance to the educational ta of the state. Until a geological map of the state can be d to the student in that department of study there is atively little use in placing before him collections of i minerals and fossils, for he has no proper means of asso- x these objects as he should have with certain localities and | | “as within the limits of the state. i a geological map before him as a source of reference he nce acquires a general knowledge of the geographical distri- on of the rocks which furnish fossils and those which furnish eet Ls = had - s to be completed by Mr. Marshall to the present date. a aid stratigraphical geology, and his services in that 2 0 ninerals, ores, ete. and will very naturally come to an appre- - ¥ We Le ‘2 ae as wri . J ‘ | Pr; ay) Bw ciation and understanding of the order of succession, and the Ae occasions. 12 | FoORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE geographical distribution of the geological formations of the state of New York and of their relations to other states. The import a ance of this knowledge either for a teacher or for aman in any practical department of life becomes of the greatest ODOT and is everywhere applicable and useful. , Since Dr. Merrill has already shown a deep and appreciative iniorest 3 in the Museum, its plans, purposes and its future advance-_ ment, he has naturally turned his attention to its present condi- — tion, both in the, building upon State street, and to the location of departments in the State Hall and the Capitol. a At the present time the Agricultural and Geological: Hall on to be arranged for public exhibition. The building scare | affords accommodation for the officer in charge of the Museu and for the Assistant Zoologist. The State Botanist is located i a room | in the State Hall, the State Hato mpNaeie has quarters a unanimity of purpose and action than the conan eran not the Museum staff in a single well lighted and fire proof building, es to the wants of a scientific Museum in all its Baer It should not be forgotten, however, that a | natural hi “museum must necessarily increase its collections, and increase of collections demands additional space. To a considerable exte: these collections should be on exhibition and accessible to public. | is Fo Our Museum has been no exception to the general rule of : natural history museums, the world over. In every ¢ _ Kurope enlargements of space in old buildings or addit these buildings have been made, or new buildings have erected, adapted to the ever increasing demand for more as Another site was considered important, and many of the es were in peeled of still retaining the Museum in the heart on was to find proper material for its occupancy. The an collection of shells presented by Dr. Carpenter had been , principally at the eastern end of the room, while other of the collection were disposed in space at the western ich was oo in new cases in the central area, with the cases of mammals, birds and fishes gave an air eteness in the arrangement. Mr. Charles Wadsworth iad + vast of a skull, a lower j jaw of special interest, ‘atte with OE ae a eS of. an A) ’ wiles fo Si Se UN eae ee or we ee Wet td ee oft se. + ra 7 14 FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE tusks and teeth of Elephants. A collection of Tertiary and Cre- ; taceous fossils, and a series of British rock specimens occupied ~ the central portion of the floor. The mineralogical collection was — rearranged in the wall cases occupying three sides of the room, — including the original Beck collection of the Geological Sur- 5) vey which was preserved intact. This arrangement gave an air of — _ symmetry and completeness to the second floor though still leaving _ much space, since utilized by other collections. This dispositionof — the collections left the first floor free for the arrangement of the — New York rocks and fossils of which latter large collections were — at once added. The disposition of these collections still remains nearly the same as at that time. The Herbarium of the plants of the state, collected by Dr. Torrey had been neglected and although, through the late Hon o G. W. Clinton, by his own labor and otherwise, efforts had been — made to secure its preservation and increase, very little progress a; had been made. At this time and under these circumstances — Prof. Charles H. Peck became connected with the Museum ~ having in view the special object of arranging the Herbarium. ~ Mr. Lintner came into the Museum as a general assistant, but soon began to devote himself to his specialty, Entomology. — Mr. Peck has become the State Botanist, occupying a large room ~ in the State Hall, with an Herbarium more than one hundred times — greater than when he began, and of infinitely more importance ~ both in a scientific and practical point of view. Mr. Lintner has become the State Entomologist, occupying a separate room in the Capitol, and the collection of insects, originally a few small hang- Me ing cases of dilapidated specimens, has become one of great — extent and importance. Both the State Botanist and State Entomologist publish annually — the results of their investigations, and these reach the schools | and intelligent citizens of this and other states. - ees ek oe The collection of building stones and ores of the state, begun iy * me soon after going into the Museum, has been greatly augmented — . and the results of the investigations published in several Bulletins. The immense collections of fossils, which had been made by — myself and assistants for the Palwontology of the State, and for which-I had originally provided buildings and cases of drawers at my own personal expense has been transferred to the nee ey of the State Hall. | Srare Mt vsEow oF Werte HISTORY. — ; 15 : the period of rearrangement in 1886-1890, the accession f ee ee onal collections, that space is now excessively over- pees: and has overflowed into the Agricultural rooms. Three and still more space is required for the exhibition and > of collections i in several of the departments. nee Mr. Merrill has come into the Museum he has given vecial attention to our needs in regard to additional space for tl ec astmonta, In addition to this, there hari be Peele : for offices and laboratories with the convenience of a work- he ie words at the commencement of my statement are suf- ie - show your honorable body the great disadvantages The recogni- Hor a State Botanist and of a State Hatamoloee by islative enactment was an extension and continuation of ) original plan in the same direction, and intended as a step -&@ more complete organization. Perhaps the law of 1883 ieee, BS _to speak of this subject since my attention has been called to Se8 the matter from several sources, prompted by a desire to see — the work of the Geological and Natural History Survey recognized — and continued ; and even by a proposition from a member of last — year's Assembly to organize a new Geological Survey of the State, or reorganize the existing elements and carry out the a original plan of a complete work in all the departments of _ science. W _ While the Museum in its several departments is doing excellent — ny and publishing valuable results, I have for a long time — hoped that some measures might be devised for reaching, more — directly the individual and collective interests of the pooh ay: Aman, N. Y., December 3, 1890. may not have fully repealed all previous laws relating to this object, and if still existing I would ask whether there may not be obtained some small appropriation to be used in carrying 16 Forry-rourTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE — fateh, out the intention of the framers of the original law and its amend- ments. While the law organizing the Museum in 1870 and the ~ subsequent one absorbing the department of Geology and Paleeon- tology which had been continued under the original law, may perhaps enable you to carry out to completion all the work | originally contemplated by these acts, I will venture to suggest the inquiry whether it may not be well to recognize the term “ GEoLuGicaAL and Naturat History Survey” more especially since the original distinctive title of “The State Musewm of — - a . |; Natural History,” established by the law of 1870, has given Hc place to the title of “Srarz Musrum.’ I have been induced — the state. If the State Museum, the Geological and Natural History eS ‘- vey, and all the scientific investigations are to be merged in the “ University of the State of New York,” then the University, its | scope, its plans, its means and appliances, whether of men, appa- ratus or of buildings, should be commensurate with the needs” and demands of the nearly six millions of people inhabiting ee 4 Empire State. Very respectfully | otc Your obedient servant JAMES HALL Director of the State Museum. ae PALA er: ba Te pal for the current year, ending September 30, 1890. | ; Respectfully submitted, JOHN C. SMOCK Assistant-in-charge. an Saas the first story rooms ; ae New York tological collections, the second story, with large specimens rals and Mar viaatna of One geology ; ; the Beck col- ics ‘Several of the wall cases have been rear- and refitted with shelving and new locks. A series cases has been put in against the west-side corridor ‘The collection of woods secured for the Museum ract, from Mr. R. B. Hough, has been set up in the ide wall cases. They are not yet fully seasoned and are ent exhibition. Nearly all of the remaining cases in this filled with the Miller collection, which was yeti here essed as soon as ready and arranged in these cases on fA) Cy Oh si oh Me Sta 7 Ree a Pe =_ ethnological material, collected in Egypt, India, China, J apan . _chalcodites, hematites and millerite; and the striated felds and aaa from Mineville, pes be here mentioned. - cent specimens of trilobites of the Trenton epoch. ‘This collet me tion was purchased by the Museum. F by the Regents, is in progress. The collector, Mr. B. B. Hough 0! ‘specimens, representing as many species, to the Museum and t their longitudinal, transverse and oblique sections, dressed an 18 FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL Report: ON THE and Alaska. It is not labeled nor arranged for exhibition. The . 3 ; collection of insects belonging to the Museum, and on eee “4 are also in this top gallery. . increased collections affords relief and the new inteactel pee to the attractiveness of the whole building. More floor space is wanted for the proper placing of cases and for an exhibition — which is both instructive and neat. The crowding inevitabl where the amount of material is large and is accumulatin from year to year, offends the eye and et any scientit arrangement. The additions during the year are enumerated i in the spperidia an to this report. They have been important and valuable. In the ; Mr. F. L. Nason, who was employed for one month to collect in tl 1 Adirondack region and in Putnam and Westchester countie: showy minerals of these portions of the state. The best oP fel have been placed on exhibition; the remainder is of value f exchanges and for distribution to schools. Among the notabl species thus obtained, the phlogopites and blue calcite fro = The collection of woods from the state, ordered made sat yer a Lowville, author of “American Woods,” has sent forty-three | have been put in the cases. Itis expected that the remainde thirty-one (31) specimens, will be obtained during the comit autumn and winter. As soon as seasoned the logs are to hav polished. This work is to be done by the collector and o ae on a hunting tour in British Columbia. The four cimens have since been properly mounted and are exhibited y in the summer of 1890, Forepaugh’s circus was exhibiting any. The large elephant “Columbia,” belonging to the | had been injured while being transported by rail and died ne at West Albany, from the effects of the injuries. The fable prices, and it was deemed desirable that the Museum Id purchase the skeleton. The skeleton was accordingly ha sed, and shipped to’ Ward’s establishment at Rochester, at amily of mollusks a special study. Dr. Sterki reidentified . loaned to him; added the more important specific leaned and mounted during the year, but the very limited available for exhibition purposes does not permit of their () ForvyY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE but are stored in drawers beneath the west case. As yet none E? of the land shells are mounted. . In order to economize space and improve the appearance of the __ floor devoted to zoology, the wall case at the head of the stairs _ on the south side of the room has been altered to admit of the ratchet system of adjustable shelving. The case contained the larger part of the collection of mounted fishes. The specimens zy. were placed irregularly and were very uninyviting. At present the work of fitting the pedestals of the fishes with convenient label-holders is in progress and upon its completion new labels giving more recent nomenclature will be substituted for the old labels. There are now four wall cases which have i been fitted with adjustable shelving, viz: — the cases coe RY a the sponges. There remain four cases With immovable shelves a . which are unsuited to the exhibition of specimens both as TogeTae see _ attractiveness and economy of space. rior construction of the cases sited them the birds and smaller mammals gather little dust. The larger mammals, owing to the fact that the cases containing them, inclose two or more windows and are of rude construction, require much attention to keep them clean. Bulletin No. 9 of Volume 2, “Beaks of Unionide inhabiting” the Vicinity of Albany, New York,” has been printed during the year. It consists of twenty-three printed pages (pp. 167-189) and one plate containing eighteen lithographic figures. The bulletin contains descriptions and comparisons of the beak char- acters of the sixteen species of Unionide inhabiting the vicinity of Albany, an account of the value of umbonal characters in -making specific discriminations, and general notes a the species under discussion. ‘ : and Birds’ eggs, and the Serpents, Pivtion Annelids and Goria oo have been catalogued fully, the more recent names now in use being substituted in the catalogue for the older and antiquated names on the labels. The limited time at disposal did not pee a ae 21 ae of soe catalogues of a Batrackitns, bie sh a 8, and many of the Invertebrates. With the exception of the catalogued at various times in the annual reports. An a transmitted herewith, contains a list of these catalogues. ring the year a large part of my time has been given to the aration of bulletin No. 10, on building stone in New York. e field work has been done in the Catskills —collecting notes the later glacial formations. The usual inquiries asking for rma ation about minerals of economic importance and the gene- li section and care of the collections and the work incidental ine the year gollections of minerals have been sent to the bs formal School at Oneonta, and to the following schools: lyde Union School, Clyde, Wayne county, N. Y.. chool No. 2, Elmira, N. Y. n Academy, Olean, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. n n Union School, Tlion, N. Ye , Bie i an. ee of Natural History, New York; Museum of parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; Peabody Museum, Yale ; rsity, New Haven, Conn. ; acl University, Ithaca ; U.S. Baerdy Mae at lw: A specimen was sent to nbia College, New York city, as an exchange. A large nt of material, in smaller slabs and fragments remains, which oe into school eoleenons: The museum retains on exhibition . > -Pupa (Torquilla) affinis, Rossm., Kastern Pyrenees, two specnneaay ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. a =) lids ZOOLOGY. By Downartton. ‘Charles H. Kingsbury, Rochester, N. Y.: Mountain goat (male and female). Mountain sheep (male and female). Taken by the donor in “ November, 1889, in mountains a few rail By back from the Fraser river, B. C., about twenty miles above its junction with the ‘Thompson. These mountains are in the Const ‘¢ é (Cascade) Range, but are on the inside, farthest from the coast.” ‘ G. E. Van Guysling, Albany, N. ¥.: : ee AMS 4 Large bat, East Indies. i Sa G. D. Miller, Albany, 2 ie fe Cinnamon Bear (cub). Harbor Seal (young). Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, O.: | ‘Twenty species (ninety-six specimens) of Pupidae, as follows: Pupa procera, G’ld., Washington. D. C., seven specimens. ‘a on Pupa hordeacella, Pilsbry, Guadalupe river (drift), Texas, : five specimens. =: Pupa hordeacea, Gabb, Guadalupe river (drift), Texas, three specimens. in Pupa curvidens, G’ld., Northeastern Ohio, twelve specimens. BN Vertigo Californica, Rowell, San Francisco, Cal., five specimens. Vertigo rugosula, var. ovulum, Sterki, Volusia county, Fla., thre specimens. Vertigo Oscariana, Sterki, Volusia county, Fla., three specimens. _ Vertigo (Angustula) milium, G’ld., Northeastern, Ohio, eight specim 2 Pupa secale, Drap., Jura, Switzerland, four specimens. Pupa leptocheilos, Fagot, Eastern Pyrenees, two specimens. Pupa (Torquilla) Farinesi, Desm., Eastern Pyrenees, four speci Pupa avenacea, Brug., Jura Mts., Switzerland, nine specimens. ~ Pupa (Orcula) dolium, Drap., Jura, France, three specimens. cee eylindracea, DaC., Chatillon, Jura, France, four mace | \. t aN minutiasins, Hartm, § Secrlind. five specimens, pygmea, meee Jura, France, five specimens. L Hedhnaked Mouse, aeviarae rutilus Gapperi, Views . Elk oat Minn. Ne ew Vork heads from Mr. R. B. Hough: a acuminata, L............ Cucumber tree. © on eT a L........ Tulip tree. White wood. Pir vale ia Back ... Bass wood. ti Onnedensis, Lam..... Kentucky Coffee tree. eas Mb ce. 24) Wild Black cherry. Pe ultinars: ae ees § Sone Gum. Pepperidge. s Americans, Ee, .cere.... White Ash: . Red a ( ; BS is. ‘i inab mA Ne eae Wes 24 FoRTY-FOURTH AnnoaL Reporr ¢ on THE Sassafras officinale, Nees.......... Sacuabrn Ulmus fulva, Michx............... Slippery Elm. Ulmus Americana, L.............. White Elm. Ulmus racemosa, Thomas ......... Rock Elm. Celtis occidentalis, L....... osvies be Ehaek berry. ie wmorna rubra, Jy... ...... vee Cee Red Mulberry. is Platanus occidentalis, L?.......... Sycamore. Button wood Juglans cinerea, L....... . phe eed) Buthermy, ae eee | Juglans nigra, L............ .... Black Walnut. Carya alba, Nutt......... ......+- Shagbark Hickory. Carya sulcata, Nutt..... ..-+ees+-- Big Shellbark Hickory Carya amara, Nutt...... Save sees, Ditternat, Quercus rubra, L..... win ke ete Rok a ee AL AS Castanea vesca, var. Americana.... Chestnut. . Fagus forruginea, Ait............. Beech. L Ostrya Virginica, Willd........... Hop Hornbeam. Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt....... _. Water Beech. “Betula papyracea, Ait........... .. White Birch. Cane Birch Betula lutea, Michx........... .... Yellow Birch. ia | Betula lenta, L......... ean ees .. Sweet Birch. eee 3 Alnus ineana, Willd ............°. Black Alder. ; Populus grandidentata, Michx.:... as toothed Aspen. Populus balsamifera, L. var candi- oe Sears... harp ee Se of AIC yin Balm of Gilead. Populus monilifera, Ait....... _... Cotton wood. Necklace P Mae Pinus Strobus, li... 6). ssn s. .. White Pine. i ubies mera, Por... . .. w..+2ec.-. Black Spruce. Abies Canadensis, Michx.......... Hemlock. Larix Americana, Michx........... Tamarack. — yee i .seeeeee..... Arbor Vit. White Cedar. Thuja occidentalis, L ee OMIC GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY By Donation. | fe -Norcross Bros., Ri orconteed Mass. : ne a . cape One ten-inch cube Georgia marble, Georgia. Fy. Piha One ten-inch cube (dressed) Worcester granite, Worcester, Mass. One ten-inch cube Brandford red granite, Brandford, Conn. i One nee cube Worcester sandstone, East: age Meadow, 1 eimen massive > gabnet Makar ae pene, bs eh t Jennings : : locks of ‘sandstone, Fulton, Osweso county, N. Y. f rock-salt, Piffard, ee county, N. es ymas Burke, Albany, N. Y. ay | ©: Caen stone from St. J oseph’s Roman Catholic Church, £ sz8 By eee ate * ‘ : : wig | Foster mine, iccwatere ‘Putnam county, twelve - ean | Web Rae SPAR a ee Forry-FOURTH ANvUAL Revorr On T Pee Bee a _ Feldspar, Ticonderoga, Essex county, three. specimens. bial es | _ Graphite, Ticonderoga, Essex county, forty-six specimens. oe Bi Labradorite, Mineville, Essex county, seventy specimens. A _ Feldspar, Mineville, Essex county, one hundred specimens. = Garnet, Ticonderoga, Essex county, forty specimens. oe Garnet, Minerva, Esse= county, fifty-five specimens. iy - Hematite, chalcodits and ankerite, from Antwerp, Jefferson. sek ninety-six specimens. ; ae _ Phlogopite, Natural Bridge, Jefferson county, Eeveiity-foie speci - Quartz, coated with calcite, Natural Bridge, Jefferson county, seven 1 specimens. specimens ~ Hexagonite, Edwards, St. Dawes county, y, twenty-three specime _ Brown tourmaline, three specimens. i Tremolite, Diana, Jefferson county, twenty-four specimens. -Magnetite cleavages, Mineville, Essex county. By ExcHance. _ Prof. J. J. Stevenson, New York city: Crude petroleums, as follows: | ‘Five samples from Kentucky. Two samples from Terre Haute, Indiana. One sample from West Virginia. , ~ One sample from South-western Pennsylvania. i Ernest Schernikow, New York city: | _ Malacolite, Sing Sing, N. xX two BRoomones ane natrolite Sing Siac N. Y., one e specimen. ‘Galenite, Sing Sing, N. Y., one specimen. : _ Harmotome, Sing Sing, N. Y., one specimen. Pyromorphite, Sing Sing, N. Y., one e specimen. sa H. ie Peck, Albany, N.Y ee By Porcuase. ay (nee i org ‘ Bhodonite, Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, = | specimens. “be? ; ve ina * ‘“ p 27 STATE Muszkum or NATURAL HISTORY. ._—e—e—606—=—=—=$=sma09Mmam@S9999SS SS SS LTT-91T ‘qr0ded YIJg-AWIGL STI-ZIT ‘yrodor We AL (‘WOTJOOT[ON OY} UJIM “4RO YdLIosnuPBy) T8-89 ‘q1oded 4IJG-AJIIT I, Sc-LP “y1oder YZU9A9S-AJUOM T, 9F-€F y1oder 4JUeAOS-AJUOAT, GS-6E ‘qylodoer TIJU-AJUOM T, 8T-LT 410do1 7} XISs-4jU9M J, 8E-GE ‘q10doi UIJU-AIWOM T, 09-SP ‘(POSTAdd) JIOder 4491] UOT, FZ-1G *(pesTAed) J10dor1 YIOTJUOALT, GG-E6 ‘q1oded WINS} T@-GT ‘qrodor 44U904IT AT 96-16 ‘y10doe1 YU904IT AT, POT-COT q10der YIJTOM I, LOT-SOT q1o0dol YIJ[OAT, GP-LE “‘q1OdeL YJUOASTH 8§-TE a1odoel YUIN Th-68 10de1 YUAN 6-62 see yyaeAeR rae y1ode1 Paty, ‘PONSOlB}IBVO OTOTM . | eee ee esse ae eerereeeeees "se eo eee eee ‘sumOTUTOEdg | "gol0edg “IOJVM YSoly pue PUR] $9}21g poTIUQ htt irae I9JeM YSoIJ puv puvy] AT}soF "** *SO11JUO OAOGB OMY OY} SUIPNOU] eee eeweeeaereeeeteeve @& feeese eee eprluoluy), se ee ee eee Ci Ce ae ci) ee ereeeee sodA, "10}@M YSOIJ pUe pu] seINIg poITT] eee eseeeee CC cy STIO"S uvodoiniy arty a= tae ne ae BOSN|[OUL PURIST ouo'y ONC ee re er eosn] [ou purist SuUO'T '* OUIIVUI PUB 10}VM [Sor] ‘pueryT pee teeneeeeeeeeress Qn TBTT Sie podxg ‘[dxq ‘g ‘q ‘seyvordng Cc ee IOJOM Ysol iy Ce a i er cr ee oe | o “s]TOUs UBV]IVZE IN UP Viar 6 Teap Uy ey evaneeve.e Niele x56 OuLIvUI ALSO" Cour mC CC ac ar ac rn ee oulleu puv pue'T, Seat oulIevId PUB 1OyVM YSorJ ‘puEry Pare Sve) ee ys soluy) olgO puv IO X MON "*"10JBM YSolJ PUB PUL] YIOX MON orev es er eo ew ee ewww ewe a ee eee 8 FN 28% cee oe OUTIBI ATASOW "MOT}d]10seq sIMery, some es ie ee nee SIMO, SOuA L oes "MOTJOOTIOD pInNoH "**"**"TOTQD9T[OO PINOK) "****<"TOTJDOTIOO pINOH Yriss wen YOUPTV “HL aie 4SUT UBIUOSYIIMIG withcal aie sents “OUI | WoL eNiirenpeveo wre ‘Ould e[dwmo,y, 4ysuy UBTUOSYIIWIG a be ‘JSUT UVIUOSTIIWIG coca ae ‘SUT UBTUOSYIMG cee en ewe Auoy\uy "Of pe eeens oj uedie9 ye | pe eeeee Jeyuedie9 ‘7 ‘a oe evee: Ssulmng qony “(MooMON AOTSOM “IC. 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SA me SIMOTT SOUR p ““UIey sopeyO ‘aq oS TBUATOC “OH WOUNOs SSSSSSSSsSsSsSsS90MN30Sa9090909090. ‘BLYOdaY IVANNY UANAO NI aaHsridn STIGHY JO SHADOTVLVY) AHL AO LST V “XIGNUddV ; FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ‘OUIQ|[® EUC ‘suetaloeds ano ‘Q[BULOT PUB OT RI ‘suetioeds 0014,7, "ORIN ‘o[BUOT PUB O[VI ‘met1oads oud ‘Sunof 0M} ‘gTeuloy oul ‘SeTVUIT OMY Jo dnozyH ‘meuloeds 9ueO (pord) epemoey ‘(ourqye) eTeyy ‘SOTBULOT OM} PUB O[VIV ‘SO[VULOT OM} PUB OTRTA ‘metatoeds oud ‘dvm10eds ug AE USA I ‘g[BULOT PUY OTT ‘ueuloeds OUC ‘ueulloeds 98uG ‘Q[BULOT PUB OTL] ‘mewuI0eds 9uQ UE ‘ORT ‘uouloeds ug ‘sunod pus ofeuoy ‘Oley ‘suomLDEdsS 901T J, ‘el VUE} PUB OTB “uolydp10seq: eeeoseeees ‘‘Torambs pew ‘“jerainbs pery ‘Toranbs poy Njehetiepren(acie lel) ecaye) als ‘yunwudiyo ee ee ee ‘yunudiyo ve se eet 2 0D) oLllelg Heeeereeess* yongopoo MA, sete eeeeeeeeees s+ TgABOg “98I POOMA “"4el UMOIG Seer soe ‘sees caer UMOIE Se ree *-9SnOUl MOWWOH Sas OSNLOUL Po}OOJ-041T AA “**"**9gno0Ul pexovq-pory eae eet esnom MOpPBeTL Se esNOU MOPBET[ sas eager Sow Pe esnoul ouTT aeeeaeensee eee Cr ee oe eaeerk woqie eee eurdnoasod epeury *s+**++9urdnosod epvusg “'** 91Bq ULOIION Ce **91By U1OqION eae WK agi Yas La Se ee ae e1eyY POOM ever enee -se*> "+ ginssodg “OULBU UOUIULO/ e®eeeeeeoeeee ec eee te ‘“xaq ‘sniuospnyy snintog esoeeevrteonerves se gcse 21 (3 | ‘sniuospny, SANIOG sears coeeceer cess ‘snimospnyy snanig eoeeeovees8ee ft seveseeeee eee Fee rT ‘8481148 SCIWEB T, eeeee e @ee-e@esec4s8eeseeereeeeet ea 'T *8n4BII}98 SVIUIET, @eopeoeeteesvteeeeeite ‘pig ‘Snuvrotaopny, s{uoudg “ry ‘xeuou s{mopIY seas ttl ge a8 8808 ote Ae Ss ee EOI eu) Rats ‘*plo ‘eUBpl1oy 810409 NT reser eres Treg ‘SnuBUINnoep sny{l "*""T1eq ‘snuvuInoep snyq ‘ry ‘Sn[MoOsnuUt sn] roreseeescrenes erent ‘gndoone, s{uo1edsepy vreseeesssgonoyg ITaeddes snpyna s{mojoan Se Pe ee. ‘gsniaedta S[OOIALY sie eneiass eter oe see EE DIC) ‘gniedt1 B[ODIALY . ‘*-oOory ‘wanzoyould BvloolAry see ere ses oeetrtevpeseaee >eseeneee @ eoeeseeese weer oe ee sr SOL ear eel oe cee ee eene ieee es ESS ‘Snoly}eqIz OGL iT aeceoeece eeeceteeveeees sonoy ‘snimospny sndez eee ee aes oscevrers oars la 2 ‘snjesi1op WOZIWIOAG Se rise eee St Ba BEET SUAS dO UU OZLUd odin eer neces woee eoeenee “XAG ‘SNUBOTLIOULY sndoery eooer seve eens ecoves “XAG, ‘SnNUBOLIOW VY sndoey Hs se st toe sole eee UE. SROMBAAS SHOOEE sese sees eosee ‘“MBUG ‘BUBIULGITA sydjepiq “HAVN OLGILNAIOS ‘O68L ‘0G AkanNaLaHg ‘NOIMOMTIOD WHHL NI SIVWNV] GHLINQOPY 10 AADOTVLYO 29 STATE Musztum or NATURAL HIS10RY. “@[BULOT PUB OTB] "e[BUl0, 7 aS) OlBIN "SO[BVULOF OM} PUB OTT ‘sunok pues o[vyl ‘o[VUlOy puUB OTB ‘sunod puv ole "peey peynys ‘sunod pue opvuros ‘oleyy ‘eT BULOF PU TRI ‘O[BVUOT PUB O[VI[ ‘spvoy 901q,7, OlB I ‘Q[VUOF PUL OTR] ‘e[BUe} PUL OVI ‘OTT ‘OUIG[S OBI e ‘OTR O[V IN ‘9[BULOT PUB OTB] ‘o[BUE} PUL OTST ‘ounod ou ‘SoTVULey OA\} ‘SOTBUL OAT, "STOUIIOOdS OAT IT OBI ‘stTOTAIOOdS OO1T I, ‘smeuIIOOdS OMT, "mouIDeds 9g ‘e[BUlOT PUB TBI, ‘smOTAIOOdS OAT] ‘suouuIoeds Way, - treeeeeess yumaG ret eeeeeeeeseeeees roa senses *780q UWOUBUUIY rteveeeseesesrgoq youl : trees sss GOODDBIT See, SNATe A, coceeereess*TBes POPOOH See ee TOS LOG AB, ‘UOSIq WeoTLOTLY "**"TOSIq Weoley . eae ‘dooys ureyunoy ; -" "9800 TIBJUNOT --edopojue u10y-suo1g ‘*"***NOQIIBd PUB[POO AA tees ee eset eeeeee + QgQ0TT ‘+ Jeep en], eae IOOP VIULGALA "* "JOOP BIULSITA aciette “a, 8y as et qeq ArvO] ""98q YOK MON ABQ pearey-10A TTS eq UAOL OTT eae @s0U-1B}G eietunnis 3 MOIYS BUTTOTED "-s"""e7oUL poTtez-A11Ie yy rtesseseesss grou MOAyG “** "MOIS posou-pvoig -eeeeees ‘Toranbs sutdy iT ces eereesee se rorrmbs KOT sede eet **-7 ORTOP hei ee ee et ee "**MBUG ‘eory1ydoeu s1yrqdopy eeoeoeveeseeeseeve cee "FANT, ‘SISUOpvUBH BING SeSES SES Ar 2-8 Steet TI Ted ‘snuvomoemy SNnsIQ) e@eeceoeeeevers oven ves "Ied ‘SNUBOTIOULY SNSI, Cie ee SC e0e so 8, er Ble O06 ase wa "s+ ¢ry ‘Toyo, uofLDOIgG reereeeree sss TIpOs ‘SNIBUISOL SNOUT SY ee Se ey ‘eye sI10 BloydoyssC sees Re ee eees 2 r) WI) “‘SNUI[NYIA snieydooo][vQ se@eovee sera eres reoene “UI ‘SnuUvolLlouly uosiqg sereeeeeeere sess "TI ‘SNUBILIOUY UWOSsig eoeceererisereeere et eo rseeve AND ‘eUBJUOUL SIAO eect woot es ee : ee *TOny ‘snuUBy]uoul sn.1e00id 7 ees er ‘BUBOILOULY Bidvoolyuy °° * LOY ‘noqireg “ABA “TT ‘Sn puUBiey JOJLO UBT Nn Se rape abe alae LEO EE 19) by Pee ea RS le ‘sTISUOpBUBO SNALOST) epee ee ee ‘gIJO108U SNALOD casket iidie ise \s sie 658% ‘ppog ‘SNUBIULGALA SHOBILED AE SENS ODOEE ‘SNUBIULOALA SNOVIIBO See hee ee UE ‘eoloulo Vydeleyy reteeseesess-xIGT ‘gisueoeroqeAou vyduleyy There uns re enone @\-14 | ‘SUBSBATIOOU oonszedso A pees we eaeoe ee eeee es “keg ‘snje[nqns OT[1y10ds0 A vane teterececsh selene kh S SITI 8488110 einpTApuog » Ce “*qovgd ‘SISMOUL[OIBD xoIOg Coe eeeere sevens qe ‘snuvollomy snusdvog ters Tees ee ayes Saar ‘gnoryenbe sdorsog Terre sss "7 oq ‘snurgrdgayd xeaog Se See ec eae * *ULL) *BT[IONTOA sn10ydointog CC er er i Hie ‘Testu SNANIG TESTS Bre eT Bie) ‘SISMOTI[OIEO SHANG ————_?3.R0aO0—j(0O0—6@EEeSooooooooOoOo~=~oaoanaaaaaaaaaooooooaoqoqoqoqoqooooeeeeeeoeeoeoeeoeeeeeeee ‘uoutoeds euG SARS SEES SS SO TTE TTL) sree asccesssssssangy ‘eyeirs snpredojemso ‘motloeds euo eoeeeeneccoes soyespoy Se Ce ‘yng ‘snedoing snoOovULIG, “OVAL eeeevace SOLODOULYI UBIpuUy oseeeeeeeeereeee snes ANO ‘SnoIpuy SOLODOUIY YY "qonod ur Sunok.omy yy opeumeg |******** OomBsuBy qvoTH [cross sess MBG ‘sneguesI8 sndo.1ovyy ‘ueumroeds eug I**** sss *sees+*+ TTIqyong |: youqueunig ‘snxopeaed snyoudqaoy UIQ ‘SH1OGdG NOIAYO,T Se a " z . =D. . ‘sunok 0M} ‘oyemoj ‘soyeu omy, | °**** ‘zoqjued uvoromry |--°- + °°: pee rT ‘oToouoo sIpoT ‘e[eUley pure opeyT |°* °° + °° + 4Bd plIM poy eee sie ite: "ORT eo ee eareses xud] epeuen eecee "ereecrecess suse ‘sISMOpBUEO xudryT ‘OBI Re see OAC pay suenenwcerg- aa eek eretace pny ‘snjna ‘ava ‘sndnyt SIUBO ; "So [BUT OM4 pue ee ec ee ee es * JTOM UBOLLOULY ec eee ene eset ne pene vee - ae on ry ‘sndny SIUBO SOTO ce ae ee BOT ae Se ee IGog ‘snjyvyuec18-oe10ulD woLD0IAQ, “e[BULOT pues eV fi ece ee. hens ue ace ge XO pery ee eee er eons nase pecesae wISsed ‘sna[ny sedinA ‘uoulloeds euoO etecere eck ece rt Sete sta an [9880 M srlevelie a2 e-epanenesene acces ‘XAT ‘SLIVs[NA sniqojng ‘smoulloeds XIG eeeee. oe erelerere ecs ouULmAn ec ee ee T ‘eo uULULLe sni10jng ‘suoumioeds Ino 7 Wweneepvce: «eas yUrUT UBolLlOW YW en ehans heres a ever ce acre ess SSIIg ‘COSTA snlojng "O[VULET PUB OTR a 6 020.850 aisles ve inteer = TOYS sere cet tee sees ses xT MUMEUeg BloIen Ty ‘ORIN castes ess 8s *TORIBUL CULT Heep eee se an CRRoLI Gey: BlOSN I ‘ORIN sreceuethereseniareen eas OUIIOATO AA mee Bes ee eer] ‘snosny ony Forvy-FrourTH ANNUAL REPORY ON THE ‘WOT d}10seq “ouUlBU UOUULOD ‘EAVN OIWILNGIOS 0NNe30xjae.ws—s——e——sss—ssSsSsSsSsSsSsS9msSm ‘(papnjou0p) — 06ST ‘OG UXaNWaIaag NOILOFTIOD FHL NI SIVNNVIY GHINAO]T 10 TAVOIVLYO ‘ e 30 31 STATE Muszrum or NATURAL HISTORY. *(MOyoTOAS) OTB ‘BLOTFAS YA [AAS *‘¥OO[-pvop Ul ‘s1eyT}UV Jo sited OMT,’ *(MOJOTOYS) OVI ‘s10[}UB JO sited 9017], "JO0"7 "M0JOTEAS ‘mel TOMO ‘mel IOMOT OO [NYS 9uO “POO *(@oxOTSYS) OTST "(WOJoTOAS) OVI TAS "(moqooys) ope TI2A8 ‘(MOJoTOYS) oyvuUte,T THIS *(moJOTOYS) OUD ‘ST[NYS OAL *(SUOJOTOYS) O[VUET puv OTe TEAS THAS *(MOJoTOYS) OTR ‘(SUO}O[OYS) OTBIME] pus oTeTT TEAS *(SWOJoTOYS) OTVUET pus o[eT ‘uoT}dTLI0seq tos Se ORDO TN PRE Se ea ee ae tnt ential a OU OW ecoeeeeneeoeeseuee TUIdB AA Tere seesereceesess XI SISUOPCVUBO SNALIOD BES Ses et ee OTTO Us reese es ce eeeseeee «xa SIgTOpBUBO SNAIL Sas hes Wh ee Ror g ii (6 1290 * ele be ele ete’ sesee es XI SISUOPVUBD SNALOD - gs ve Rest eat Sie 22) 0) BIULSAL A See ee eee OL, *‘SNUBIULSILA SNOBIIBO Beg RES (2 )2) 0 BIULSTL A eT aed ee OLE ‘SNUVBIULGILA SNOVIIBO pene egret AK yovq-utq7 Pega ce oS er eee te < err en nOs oT eroydoue[eq Detcesigs Saati: (chp uredg Rye er eee ‘gn[sydeoo.1oeul royossy eS SS ee TOC: er er ek/@" a) -On6 <6 cece 6 oer bAtuer woe eta rT ‘stydjep snurydjoq abit Sec etetaeeee Soy oseuroq cb eps 9 nee soir BOTIBOUTOD Ten ‘BIOI0S sng catntp acre acer ‘jerainbs Surdkpq Sigt shia av vata eaten er ariee ‘TH ‘e[[QONTOA sn10eydointog eee 8 Sera TOL Oe XO ne tay eee oe eine ‘IeSTU SNANTOG eoeoeoe eee e es jeaainbs KVL) pages Ria Arne 8. 5 ‘SISMOUI[OIBD STLINTIOG owes eweees jerainbs INR ag) Se ca ee SP Tay ‘SISUOUI[OLBD snanlog p08 er 6p eces® °e: ane jeramnbs pey ee ery XI ‘snimospn yy SNAINIOG PCE, Le ee Se at jetainbs pery sete ee ero e ss eoeeee "XAT ‘snImuOspn yy SNANIOG Tereeess sss" WOnTapoo mM, pu ecarky ewe Bey reoee sey once” ora sATLOPOIV eres eeleree es © HOMO DOO AK |S Scot emeney eet tas °° ry ‘xeuou sfMopOIV ower ence ee we ee oe IOAvOg ar 0:0! er 0.6) ese eye 6), C0. © owes 0186 eon ke rt ‘toqy 103s"9 ehewey erecsveds-te-wearahowae.e IOABvOg Sere, Os eleva ©. omy ene cee ce eser rete Sp Ogi LOIsuy) Bo ecancete te geavuiewe can caerss qe UMOIG Srlenetarione ous seceeeeses ere SnTeUInoep sn] Pee Ry at a tea ar ORO rear qerysnyl eC ee ee ee rT ‘SNoryy}eqIz 1eqt aT a ete \e8ej6 renee om enete qBIysSny] seipete ere Wasa’ sew Sree ry SnOlyoq ment, SHALR ea edee st ecaceale xy -ouldno10g ow eee @ eecwceeescaneeectes T ‘snjBsiop WOZzIq4OAG Pa ee ee ee SOLBU POO Ah a2 20 2 tn ohle er ene 88s youg ‘gsnoryea[ss sndery coy iemustens deere todas tate wunssodg Hot or ecececee “sre ‘BUBIULSAI A sf{ydjopiq ‘omBU UOWUIOD ‘ANVYN OITAILNAIOS ee ‘06ST ‘OS AXAWaLaAg ‘ADOTOTLISQ NVIIVNNV] 40 NCILOMTIOD GHL JO FADOIVLVE ForvTyY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE 32 *(m0,0TO78) OTST ope eres ee AT CDBaRC ec ‘** USEC, ‘SISTOPBUBL) xudry TINA Fe Ries SRG AS IER St SEES AAAs BCR PRES ARIAS LDS kW Ae A—2h FS ETT ELIA) ‘TINAS SR aire tat ROTA OT gh 8 rae SNe Seat nae HRELA TELL sedin A. eee el ea cae CS eee a ROL Day ae Oke ee A OC E AeLLATIED sodin A ‘(WO}OTOYS) OLB] eee ease ange me pee (121 BTS aon Meas vngew se) tiene 4s ESTO LA SULOmtay ‘T[nAg Bag SoaeY ee en gas. Sees Sree Ei RE Ss ed BlOFSN A *(S11090]048) eyBuLey pus e[vIN Fie yer Seciat 1ot Sot ler a ev ereya-a es ‘ LOUSLT wee dente erere & waite etelanars ‘XI TWUBUUeEg BloIsn], ‘syT[Nys OMT, ne es eed OA LL oul ea ayo Ts mph Teton gee ‘Vang, ‘BUBOLIOUL YW Bl[9JSU]L *(st0JoT0H8) o[euUles pues O[eTAL FN Re oe A Ue > 7 Pari Lae Nera eae aa "qty ‘BUBOILLOULY BlOFSN A, T0419 GSA SP 2 nC RRS SBS ST TL SOG SSE AM ee Yh ‘eory1ydoum siy1ydoep TNAG eee Oo a GEER ME ERE RCRA | OF ‘gISMOPBUBO B«AYNIT *(m0JOTOH8) e[Bul9, iT Pee eC a ee er ey 19440 Agta vis 6 Bie IS ae Tp ‘SISTOPVUBH eIpOT ‘ST[NYS oor, oo, 8 et eo Se TBC TORE oe tee ot Ste 8 ieee SET ees snsiy) *(m10} 07098) eH INE pee eae Oe 9%, © 2 BOO OMIT ee ee aN RS Pa ‘SnUBOTLOULY snsiy *(st10}0 038) eT BULOy pus OTR yl Lea ees Ses OOOO OMIT v4 Se evens sl ei pe 8 8 6 Ss Alea Oar uof001g "SySN} jo aed Eliv@) Ce ee ie a er STATS AA covet eee eeeeoes "ULpO ‘onieuUsol sSNYOOyoIAy, ‘SySN} TIAA 1In3y9 a ae ee ere ee SNATB A Ais races £6 oe eneLaer ee ‘Taupo ‘SnAIBUISOL SNYIOYOrLy, a LTS Wushiay earshot so TOSTq UeoLlemy feet ee eee se hue «ee UI) ‘SnUBOIIOULY TOSI, *(m0}OTOH8) ol] seer reese TLOSIq UBVOLLOULY eccee O bee 6 8 5,0 6 6 00s ur ‘gnUvollouUly wosigg . TInyAS Sr areke Rekha stay seeeees ¥G YSN], pececosne as Cp er RCO AUIBIG. ‘gnyeyosoul SOqIAO ‘SU.IOY pues 1m349 coe e reese dooys UleyUNopL seer. oor oeesen toes ses ’ “ANQO ‘eu'e}yuOUl SLAG) “TIDAS ee ‘edojoqyue ULOYouoL So Mp tg Oe ee EE *PtO. ‘BUBOLLOULYy eidvoolyuy ‘(S10]}UB) O[VUME; puB oTBTT [°° °° **NOgIIvO pUBTPOOAA | 057. OO LIHO ‘IVA ‘SNPUBIVY IOJLOUBIT ‘s10T}UB JO ated ouC Bae 8A 8, 9. 98 CAC Cee ROO Th ee eweete . seesaw * Or Ser ORUL Oop ‘MO]}d]108eq ‘ouBsu TOMMOD ‘ANVN OIGILNAIOS ‘(papnjou0p) — GST ‘0g AtANWALaTg ‘ADOTOHISQ NVITIVNNV] 10 NOILOATIOD AHL AO ANVOIVLVE TRE PORT a OF THE ir ek Se GEeocroGist. ‘ENTLE ; yn ekas the past year, as in former years, since en aad for the State Gooleeiet to devote his ed, Eich will make ee laws six plates more for the he volume. A large amount of material has been dy preparatory to the completion of this part of the work on much of this material has been it is in condition for immediate use. ologist has also given attention to the forwarding - : which has been for some time in progress, and he aang = ae For the former indefinitely, while new work ne been taken up and carried oO ca completion. ; the State of New Vouk could easily supply for the! wc | her educators and those who are to be educated. : It is scarcely possible to estimate the loss to the rein ; -and prestige of the Museum and to the state which has | from the ss ie as of work in these branches — ig estly ask for some positive and final action ; ; even an decision will be preferable to suspense. : The early months of the year were devoted to the sup of the printing of Part I of volume VIII; the Bra Inarticulata. The discussions upon the genera of this together with the descriptions of new species constitute | : 185 pages of the volume. ; | The scope of this volume is stack wider thas any of the ceeding volumes on the Paleontology of New York, embra Brposcd, a revision of the genera of ’ Paleozoic Bra a Aeiacmtnadion of the comparative age of tbe, dale formations of the continent. To accomplish such a worl the investigation of material from aie ee — art the later Paleozoic strata high do Be eee within t e a a ee us in sae to the geographical dis- gia and Species, and the varying influences to rtance of carrying ‘out such views has been recognized part of the volume on the Inarticulate Brachiopods Ae ees: known. oe in the older rocks of Canada, . ee ao tas, since a considerable number of our classification of ‘the Articulate division of the ag forms for study and illustration. At Ottawa the i the Saeke ants peas Mr. J. F. Minna: Elder tes Pe istious. neo species, in the pro- ae of the ae cee, recent years, at 1 ‘species had been described from the older rocks om ‘the Redpath Museum, a considerable number of © : in ean ‘ae Be é 640 Forry-rounen Raped on THE Paya Mosev ap a s ous views a tcalink certain genera and species current i ; discussion of the generic relations of the older forms amon; of the inarticulate and articulate forms of Tracers mee : ne of Natural Ges have granted ae eee of Articulate Brachiopods, and in tracing the lineal descent of ‘ce u generic features from their earliest appearance in the Cambriar period. ae In this connection I should also make my acknowledgments . Mr. Geo. F. Matthew of St. John for the loan of specimens, ib ‘ os gona, Kuroraina, and Onrns-PRrororrais, all from the Casnbriags n of | New Brunswick. Also for his valuable notes and suggestic regarding some of the genera which will be fully am the text of the anne 3 useful in completing the illustrations and discussion of 5 as forms of the Carboniferous Aes. the Curator of the Museum for the loan, in the first neh their very fine collection of Spiriferoids. During the past mer Dr. Lindahl, at my request, os sent down to age Sie the progress of the ask: The University of Missouri granted me the arieqlepent of ing from their collections, for study and comparison, a serie specimens illustrating certain species described by Prof. Swal while State Geologist of Missouri. These pe have b catalogues. From the beginning of the work the Trustees of the Act oe for the He of large. collections of th Tuathisihiig oda of the genera Trimerella, Monomerella, Dinobolus, om the Niagara group of Milwaukee and adjacent localities, Orthis, Orthotetes, Leptzena, pee ee Pentamerus, Rhynchonella and jeer from the ; Bhynchonella, Leiorhynchus and Meristella from the ; and of Lingula, Orbiculoidea, Orthis, Enteletes, Derbya, 7 have been used in the discussion of certain genera and are upon the plates of the volume. He has also loaned collection of Silurian Articulate Brachiopoda specimens © Spirifer, Syringothyris, Athyris and Dielasma from the To Prof. J. R. Eaton, of Wyallintn: i soepil cae: Liberty, he for specimens of a remarkable form of Productus from the Upper Carboni- ferous limestone. To Chas. D. Walcott, of the United States Geological Survey, for Orthis-Protorthis of the Cambrian. ~ : To Prof. S. Calvin, of the University of Iowa for specimens of Spirifer, Stricklandinia, Pentamerus, Orthis, Strophonella, Chonetes, __ _Enteletes and Derbya from the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous _ formations. | : a To the Rev. H. Herzer, of Berea, Ohio, for Lingula and Orbieul olden ae of the Waverly group. To Dr. C. Rominger, of Ann Arbor, Mich., for Chonetes, Derbsa and Productus of the upper Carboniferous. {rohets To Prof. E. W. Claypole, of Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, for speci mens of Lingula from the Waverly group. a To President E. S. Brainerd and Prof. Henry M. Seeley, of Middle- bury College, Middlebury, Vt., for specimens of Orthis, Triplecia a other fossils from the Calciferous beds at Fort Cassin, een Vt., for specimens of Orthis, Triplecia, etc., oat Nh Caleiteranal : of Fort Cassin, Vermont. ) ‘test o and Saletan, Aihiyria! Enteletes, etc., from the pe. To Mr. E. E, Teller, of Milwaukee, Wis., specimens of Spi radiata and oe nobilis oe the Hay group. ; ae from the Chataae group; donated to the Mite ae + To Rev. J ohn Bennett, of Kansas City, Kansas, for the " bes ‘specimens of Derbya, Prod apie: Enteletes, etc., from the Upper 6 - Measures. | ‘we To Mr. Wm. H. R. Lykins, of Kansas City, Mo., Orbiculoidea, é ductus, Aulocorhynchus, etc., from the Upper Coal Measures. To Mr. §. J. Hare, of Kansas City, Mo., for specimens of O: - loidea, Derbya, ieee, Spirifera, etc., front the Uppes HY eae | i, bef pages Mr. F. W. McIntosh, of Kansas City, Mo., specimens of Pre | a from the lens Coal Measures. | ; a ; Se | pag! nie : Saas OF THE Srare Gronoaisr. 43 W. L. feratnell Syracuse, N. Y., specimens of Triplecia of t a limestone, and other fossils. Mr. E. B. Knapp, of Skaneateles, N. Y., specimens of Orthis, chon nella, and other fossils from the Tully limestone. _ [ an Be ‘Chatfield, of hee N. Y., a numerous collection of sistant, with the privilege of having the use of his ae of 5 hua in the preparation of this Mi genera of the eds have Tend discussed in 325 f text and et on forty-one lithographic plates leav- oe ‘e oe subdividing some of pi groups now included under ngle generic name. I have herewith communicated a list of I secured the services of Mr. aan Schuchert, as. ee ae ene — have been ay studied and now — =< ee a bo ae Baal ail to the aie of more o-tie three | ae ears ene that the work of illustration i is mace ig ac trae pis E GENERA OF THE PALAOZOIC BRACHIOPODA. X t at a iduadifieation of the genera into families’ snail ‘ ea Ear and of no permanent value. s s of the material under examination, which was sutaelont , reasons it was deemed wiser to defer any such attempt and ? one of the mutual ee of the genera for — the otdee of F dreatbaapit and to some extent the present tanding of the value of these genera. | “ge Bruguiére, 1789. 12. Dinobolus, Hall, 1871. _ 5 iaeanontiey Hall, 1871. | 13. (Conradia, Hall, MS., 1862.) Dales. Bolten, 1798. 1871. jularius, Duméril, 1806. 15. Monomerella, Billings, 1871. ulops, Hall, 1871. 16. Rhinobolus, Hall, 1871. rpulasma, Ulrich, 1889. 17. Lingulella, Salter, 1866. mina, (hlert, 1887. 18. Lingulepis, Hall, 1863. dsonella, Waagen, 1885. 19. Barroisella, gen. nov. rella, Billings, 1862, 20. Tomasina, gen. nov. ndia, Dall, 1870. 21, Obolella, Billings, 1861. y J * ms Whfdre any ; satisfactory ae could be brought out. For Glossina, Phillips, 1848. | 14. Obolellina, Billings, (partim), he aa NEE years and to the oscparaene com- " 22. Leptobolus, Hall, 1871. 55, 23. Elkania, Ford, 1886. ‘i 24, Billingsia, Ford, 1886. 56.. 25. Paterula, Barrande, 1879. 57. 26. Obolus, Eichwald, 1829. 27. Ungula, Pander, 1830. 58. _ 28. Ungulites, Bronn, 1848. 29. Aulonotreta, Kutorga (partim), | 59. 1848. 60. 30. Aulonotreta, Kutorga, 1848. 31. Acritis, Volborth, 1869. 61. 32. Schmidtia, Volborth, 1869. . 62 36. Mickwitzia, Schmidt, 1888. 65 37. Schizobolus, Ulrich, 1886. 66 38. Discinolepis, Waagen, 1885. 67 39. Kutorgina, Billings, 1861. 68 . Monobolina, Salter, 1865. - . Spondylobolus, McCoy, 1852. . Schizopholis, Waagen, 1885. : Iphidea, Billings, 1872, Neobolus, Waagen, 1885. Volborthia, von MOller, 1873. Forry- FO URTH ee ORT on ay re Srare Moses, . Trematis, Sharpe, 1847. _ ¢: . Orbicella, d’Orbigny,; 1847.. . Schizocrania, Hall and Whi . Crania, Retzius, 1781. ! Anomia, Linné, 1760 (partim), . Ostracites, Beuth, 1776. , . Patella, Miller, 1776. . Numulus, Waller, 1778. . Criopus, Poli, 1791. . Criopoderma, Poli, 1795. F t i Ail a me vt Orbesila, auetorum, non 1 Sowe a: i by, 1822.0 a Schizotreta ‘Kutorga,18i8- Orbiculoidea, Davidsor 1856. Lindstreemella, A) MRO, hlertella, sub-gen. n 07 . Lingulodiscina, Whitfield i 1890. a Remerella, sub-gen. no - field, 1875. “Se 43. Acrothele, Linnarsson, 1876. | 72. Orbicula, Cuvier, 1798. y 44, Acrotreta, Kutorga, 1848. 73. Orbicularius, Duméril, 1806. 45. Conotreta, Walcott, 1889. 74. Craniolites, Schictheim, 1 Ms 46. Discinopsis, gen. nov.'(Matthew), | 75. Choniopora, Schauroth, 1 47, Linnarssonia, Walcott, 1885. 76. Pseudocrania, Me 48. Mesotreta, Kutorga, 1848. 1851. hie _ 49. Siphonotreta, de Verneuil, 1845. | 77. Paleocrania, Hichwald, 7 50. Schizambon, Walcott, 1884. ee 1860. Malo a aes +51, Keyserlingia, Pander, 1861. 78. Craniella, @hlert,1888. R 52. Helmersenia, Pander, 1861. ‘| 79, Cardinocrania, Waagen, 18 __. 53, Orbiculoidea, d’Orbigny, 1847. 80. Pholidops, Hall, 1859. bi ‘+54, Discina,auctorum,non Lamarck, | 81. Patellites, Schlotheim, 1820. 4 poet 1819. - _ | 82. Craniops, Hall, 1859. Mie II. Brachiopoda Articulata. Re: 83, Orthis, Dalman, 1828. 92. Heterorthis, sub- -gen. ‘nov. Ba 84, Orthis sensustricto. 93. Bilobites, Linné, 17 RR iis OD. Orthambonites, Pander, | 94. Dicelosia, King, 1851 | » 1830. | 95. Dalmanella, Hebertella, sub-gen. noy. iy nov. 96. Rhipidomella, @ Plectorthis, sub-gen. 1890. ot nov. 97. Rhipidomys, Mystilea, sub-gen. nov. PSST eS . -Plesiomys, sub-gen.| 98. Schizophoria, _ nov. : 1850. Rte bx -Orthostrophia, Ea) ee: Orthotichia, © 1883. . . ‘nov. ae Hist yen PEP ia. King, | 100. Enteletes, F 1850, - Waldheim, 183( 101. Syntrielasma, Meek and | 128. . Worthen, 1865. 129, 102. Protorthis, gen. nov. 130. 103. Billingsella, gen. nov. 131. 104. Scenidium, Hall, 1860. 132. 105. Mystrophora, Kayser, 1871. 133: 106. Clitambonites, Pander, 1830. 134. 107. Pronites, Pander, 1830. — {fs 55 108% Gonambonites, Pander, 1830. 136. 109. Hemipronites, Pander, | 137. 1830. 138. 110. Orthisina, d’Orbigny, | 139. 1847. 140. ues Polytcechia, gen. nov. 141. 112. Orthidium, gen. nov. 142, 113. Strophomena, Rafinesque, 1825. | 143. 114, Orthothetes. Fischer de Wald- | 144, heim, 1829. 145. 115. Hipparionyx, Vanuxem, 1842. | 146. 116. Derbya, Waagen, 1884. 147. 117. Kayserella, gen. nov. 148. 118, 149, 119. Meekella. White and St. John, | 150. 1868. 151. 120. Streptorhynchus, King, 1850, 121. Triplecia, Hall, 1859. 152. 122. Dicraniscus, Meek, 1872. - 153. 123. Mimulus, Barrande, 1879. 154. 124. Streptis, Davidson, 1881. 125, Leptella, gen. nov. 155. 126. Leptzenulopsis, Haupt, 1878. 156. 127. Leptzena, Dalman, 1828. REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 47 Leptagonia, McCoy, 1844. Rafinesquina, gen. nov. Strophodonta, Hall, 1850. Douvillina, Ghlert, 1887. Brachyprion,Shaler,1865. Leptostrophia, sub-gen. nov. Amphistrophia, sub-gen. nov. Strophonella, Hall, 1879. Plectambonites, Pander, 1830. Leptcena, Davidson, 1856. Christiania, gen. nov. Davidsonia, Bouchard, 1849. Leptzenisca, Beecher, 1890. Chonetes, Fischerde Waldheim. Chonetina, Krotow, 1888. Anoplia, gen. nov. Chonostrophia, gen. nov. Chonopectus, gen. nov. Chonetella, Waagen, 1884. Daviesiella, Waagen, 1884. Strophalosia, King, 1844. Leptenalosia, King, 1845. Orthrothrix, Geinitz, 1847. Aulosteges, von Helmersen, 1847, Productus,Sowerby, 1812. Productella, Hall, 1867. Marginifera, Waagen, 1884, Proboscidea, Gihlert,1887. Etheridgina, Cihlert, 1887. [The genera in the remainder of this list have not yet been critically studied. It is therefore not the intention to express the _ respective values of the terms given below. The list will serve to indicate the amount of work still necessary to complete the revision of the palzozoic genera of Brachiopoda. | 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166, Hichwaldia, Billings, 1858. Dictyonella, Hall (MS.), 1867. Aulacorhynchus, Dittmar, 1872. Isogramma, Meek and Worthen, 1873. Spirifer, Sowerby, 1815. Trigonotreta, Kénig, 1825. Choristites, Fischer de Wald- heim, 1825. Fusella, McCoy, 1844. Brachythyris, McCoy, 1844. Martinia, McCoy, 1844. 167. 168. 169. 170. Las 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. Reticularia, McCoy, 1844. Delthyris, Dalman, 1828. Martiniopsis, Waagen, 1883. Amboceelia, Hall, 1860. Spiriferina, d’Orbigny, 1847. Mentzelea, Quenstedt, 1871. Oyrtia, Dalman, 1828. Cyrtina, Davidson, 1858. Syringothyris, Winchell, 1863. Athyris, McCoy, 1844. Spirigera, d’Orbigny, 1847. Seminula, McCoy, 1844. od an — ~-48 179. Actinoconchus, McCoy, 1844. 224, 180. Euthyris, Quenstedt, 1871.. 225. 181. Cleiothyris, King, 1850. 226. 182. Spirigerella, Waagen, 1883. 227. 183. Kayseria, Davidson, 1882. 228. 184. Merista, Suess, 1851. 229. 185. Camarium, Hall, 1859. . 230. 186. Meristella, Hall, 1860. 231. 187. Meristina, Hall, 1867. 232. 188. Charionella, Billings, 1861. 233. 189. Whitfieldia, Davidson, 1882. 234. 190. Pentagonia, Cozzens, 1846. 235. 191. Goniocoelia, Hall, 1861. 192. Bifida, Davidson, 1882. 236. 193. Nucleospira, Hall, 1859. O31. 194. Retzia, King, 1850. 238. 195. Bhynchospira, Hall, 1859. 239. 196. Trematospira, Hall, 1857. 240. 197. Acambona, White, 1864. 241. 198. Humetria, Hall, 1864: — 242. _ 199. Trigeria, Bayle, 1878. 243. - 200. Uncites, Defrance, 1825. 244, 201. Uncinella, Waagen, 1883. 2405. 202. Dayia, Davidson, 1881. 246. 203. Hindella, Davidson, 1882. 247. - 204. Atrypa, Dalman, 1828. 248. 2G 205. Spirigerina, d’Oribgny, 1847. 249. 206. Zygospira, Hall, 1862. 250. 207. Orthonomea, Hall, 1858. 251. 208. Stenoschisma, Hall, 1847 — of | 252. it Conrad. . 209. Coelospira, Hall, 1863. 253." 210. Glassia, Davidson, 1882. 254. 211. Anazyga, Davidson, 1882. 255. 212. Griinewaldtia, Tschernyschew, 256. 1885. 257. 213. Karpinskia, Feeney eee 258. 1885. | 214. Anoplotheca, Bandbdnear 1856. | 259. 215. Rhynchonella, Fischer de Wald- | 260. heim, 1809. 261. . Cyciothyris, McCoy, 1844. =. |, 262. . Hypothyris, Phillips, 1841. 263. . Wilsonia, Quenstedt, 1871. 264. . Uncinulus, Bayle, 1878. 265. . Terebratuloidea, Waagen, 1883. | 266. 221. Rhynchotrema, Hall, 1860. 267. 22. Stenoschisma, Hall, 1867. _ | 268. . Rhynchopora, King, 1856. 269. FORTY-FO URTH REPORT on THE | Sean ue USEUM. Leptoccelia Hall, 1857. te see : ne Rhynchoporina, Gihlert, 1887. ‘ Rhychotreta, Hall, 1879. as EKatonia, Hall, 1857. Liorhynchus, Hall, 1860. Conchidium, Linné, 1760. Pentamerus, Sowerby, 1813. Gypidia, Dalman, 1828. Gypidula, Hall, 1867. Branconia, Gagel, 1890. ZAdimir, Barrande, 1881. Sieberella, Ghlert, 1887. ; Antirhynchonella, Quenstedt, 1871. Pentamerella, Hall, 1867. Stenoschisma, Conrad, 1839. os. Camarophoria, King, 1845. Anastrophia, Hall, 1867. Brachymerus, Shaler, 1865. Camarella, Billings, 1859. i Stricklandia, Billings, 1859. Stricklandinia, Billings, 1863. Amphigenia, Hall, 1867. ne Clorinda, Barrande, 1879. ' Lycophoria, Lahusen, 1885. _ Porambonites, Pander, 1830. Isorhynchus, King, 1850, Richthofenia, Kayser, 1881. Lyttonia, Waagen, 1883. _ Oldhamina, Waagen, 1883. Stringocephalus, Detrance, 1827. Terebratula, Miiller, 1776. Dielasma, King, 1850. Epithyris, King, 1850. — Waldheimia, King, 1850. Magellania, Bayle, 1880. _ Cryptacanthia, White is 8 John. ? ! Eudesia, King, 1850. ~ Hemiptychina, Waagen, 1883. 4 Centronella,. BULNS, 1859. Cryptonella, Hall, 1861. Rensselleria, Hall, 1859. Renssellandia Hall, 1867. _ Megalanteris, Suess, 1856. Newberria, Hall, 1891. Tropidoleptus Hall, , 1857. : Vitulina, Hall, 1860. 2 t that full credit ayes 8 given to the several artists who a tion of the source of the figures is 3s Since this — as commenced many years ago important changes have —T. in the organization then existing, and notasingle _ ee es been continued from the commencement. we ‘by Mr. F. B. Meek*, and his work was followed by oe “Mr. R. P. Whitfield. As these plates were printed the of the ‘as who had done the greatest number of figures ally ¢ s it may be possible that equal justice has not been order to meet this question and to do equal and exact ~ to every one who has contributed to this work the follow- ot f figures and their authors has been compiled. In the | ons of the Plates of the sisi a Articulata, Beet m the pages of explanations accompanying the plates to the Yea part of this work, upon the BracHiopopa ARTICULATA,a = nt is given of the authorship of each one of the original : ; the name appearing at the Vena of the plate as Beiscn on the ed ations of the plates in PartIland — i ce inserted here. All the plates for this part of the work ; Zement among the draughtsmen themselves. 7 ) 4 1 ae he Figs. 1-20. eae om! 21-22. . an 23. ae 24. eet Figs. 1-8. A 9-13. ie 14-30. ise 31-33. Wey. 34-36. Bae Figs. 1, 2. | 2 hares 4-6. Bee, oc) B40, AN 8 . Figs. 15. 6-9. 10, 11. 12-15. ‘Figs. 1,2. 3. 4-6, - Figs. 1-15. ees ae 1G - e volume between 1868 and 1875. EK. Emmons. Copies. — E. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD*. EK. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD. EK. Emmons. fF Mh aa WHITFIELD. E. Emmons. E. Emmons.” R. P. WHITFIELD. E. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD. EK. Emmons. Copies. E. EMMons. R. P. WHITFIELD. E. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD. EK. Emmons. J. M. Cuarke. E. Emwons. EK. EMMons. R. P. WHITFIELD. J. M. CLARKE. . P. WHITFIELD. M. CuaRKE. E. Emmons. E. Emmons. 4 ie M. CLARKE. the Brachiopoda Articulata, were al) done by him in the early DI Some of Disk ‘oberg preci Ee PuateE IVb. Prats IVe. ‘Figs. 25-30. El Neen : 31. Copy. ry, P ae 32-34. E. Emmons. > . 35-36. R. P. Wurrrrexn. a “4 Prate II. ) Aa as ie \ aa Pigs.) 37. RB. P: Warrrieip. a. 38-39. E. Emmons. 40-41. R. P. Warnenet, 42-44. EK, EMMons. Puate ITT. aan | Figs. 11. R. P. WHITFIELD, — ~. 12, EK, EmMons:, {> 13. R. P. WHITFIELD. — 14-44. E. Emmons.) PLate IV. ie Figs. 17-20, E. Emmons, ‘" 21-26. Copies. 27-30. E. EMMens. _ 31. Copy. sa: 32-38. E. EMMons. _ PratE IVa. Ry Figs. 7-9. BR. P. Warrier 10. E. EMMONS. — Figs. 10,11. ~ 42-16. 16-20. R. ] 21. J. (23-25. _ Figs. 1-28. 29. 30. Figs. 1-4. 5-8, ba Po ied bo EK R E . EK. Emmons. R G REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. . EK. EMMONS. . J. M. CLARKE, . E. EMMons. . Copy. . EK. EMMons. . Copy. . R. P. WHITFIELD. . EK. Emmons. E. EMMONS. Copy. KEK. Emmons. . EMMONS. . EMMONS. EMMONS. EMMONS. EMMONS. EMMONS. bd ro et Be et bo bt . EMMONS. . EMMoNs. . P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS. . P. WHITFIELD. . B. SIMPSON. . P. WHITFIELD. P. WHITFIELD. P. WHITFIELD. P. WHITFIELD. P. WHITFIELD, P. WHITFIELD. Pruate IVd. Figs. 8-15. Priate [Ve. Figs. 12. 13, 14. 15-18. 19-28. 29. 30, 31. Prats IVS. Figs. 31. 32. PuatE IVg. | Figs.21-2 PLATE IVh. Figs. 18. PLATE TVi. Figs. 21-23. 24-26. 27-30. 31-32. 33-35. 36. 37. Puate LVk. Figs. 4-22. 23, 24. 26. 27. 28-35. bd bel Bo et Bd bl E. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD. E. EMMONS. R. P. WHITFIELD. EK. Emmons. R. P. WHITFIELD. EK. Emmons. Copy. EK. Emmons. . P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS, . P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS. Sea . B. SIMPSON. . EMMons. P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS. P. WHITFIELD. EMMons. P. WHITFIELD. EMMONS. P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS. P. WHITFIELD. . KMMONS. . P. WHITFIELD. . EMMONS. i eS id E. Emmons. Copies. 51 perk se vee 82 B agile years Baek and therefore comparatively little poner Ris _ to defer the work till some future time when it may be LIST OF SECTIONS OF THE SHELLS OF GENERA J A} D SPECIES OF BRACHIOPODA PREPARED FOR TH om STUDY OF THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE. a oa \ e The preparation of these sections was begun many years sine¢ — aa some examples were illustrated in the report of 1883. ee” The cutting machinery devised and constructed under my direction many years since, has not been in my control for sever: scopic structure a part i the current volume, I oll cone up as a special study. . Re DECEMBER 1, 1890. | Number of sections. Lingula punctata ............... 2 'Orthis elegantila:: 30, 222 secon | Ra VRS. Ss. ce IC ec ect lh 2 emacerata. ......2.-. Lingulepis pinniformis ......... 2 subzequata . os Sos Ce Orbiculoidea Conradi«.......:.. 1 pervetal (ha coe oe MUGCIALNS a ek tig es, borealis ..... RS ie Schizotreta conica.............: 8 subcarinata.......... Crania Hamiltoni# ............. 1 lenticularis,..¢.5. Gea Py CTSMISUHIA A Sec\s4s ee yee 1 superstes........ 4 faite mapQethig tricenania t.. hie. aad. awe Michelini .7\0 8 oy TED pOLY Tee). -)- cis vais Le eV AIL ROM es ae pPechinella sce ee ae (ae eine ulin aay S cheiae eae Mabel kala. sist fe es 6 Penelope...... Bere piveatellay 2.8 6 take ee te hybrida..) ), crete sae PT Heeb a SR i eS Ta vila Aid Shad Que oe subquadrata....... ayer 4 Missouriensis....... Gee Cta ren ye ui wake ey She ad Aubiay ae, fen eee loricula ...... Reape mre bas Fcc" 1 Tulliemsis. 412s. seagee strophomenoides ........ 1 im pressai.. 19... ee eee SEMMertat eek. v2 ae 4 Lowensig-s. i 5: 2. tebee ees occidentaligy). (0) ioe 18 multistriata. . eck A inéenlptae asta. 38 .. 6 Billingsella TLhaurentiney.. oe Beach: DILOTALAN eee. visas .... 4|Scenidium pyramidale.... at ie lobe yaa esa 4 | Clitambonites Verneuili . # tiene Oly tie .5i.00e. eon 2 ee 9 |(Triplecia Orton. :.. eres SesShUM marie havc. . coe 13 | Strophomena sulcata .. i, Meekivr...2c8 Rameialahaiais. x deste 4 _ tenuis . Pees ben Seabee ra ma ReporT or THE STATE GEOLOGIST. Number of sections. Strophomena planoconvexa.... 2 : planumbona...... 2 fluctuosa ......... 1 Orthotetes subplana ............ 3 GEOMIStMa i Chin. e.0 6. 3 PV hl hos de. eis alc ny 1 TS ER eek RAL 1 umbraculum ........ 2 _Hipparionyx‘proximus......... 1 Meekella occidentalis. .......... 1 Leptzna rhomboidalis......... 18 Rafinesquina alternata......... 9 Strophodonta arcuata........... 4 Bartley.) 2 aries 4 perplana’......... 14 magnifica ........ 1 crebristriata ..... 5 demissa .......... 14 AUER asta fy) eile 3 MAGUOG eM k a). F 3 concava.......... 14 BUG Ane cas betes 3 Strophonella semifasciata ...... 4 BE WOU Ai opie «co ate vids 1 Plectambonites sericea.......... 4 Chonetes deflecta ............... 3 (ETE OLE: 5 RO 11 MCTLWMIAPE Lol... Sind Jeet iS MMGrONATA Ss: os. ks 9 Productus subalatus............ 2 Spirifer fimbriatus ............. 1 MVETONALUS |... bo a. os 7 sranuliferus .....:..... 5 EGY I Se 1 BONNAaLuUsS 83s... oe. 6 EYCIGPLEUUS, 25.0204... . 1 macropleura .:......... 4 ‘ perlamellosus.......... 8 BERRY Ses. Ls eRe 1 PE Tok o.oo rae aoe 3 PHOCIANS. oe. ek eee 4 ereneevesese 53 Number of sections. Spree scuiptilis 0. eas 2 Amboccelia umbonata .......... 5 Spiriferina spinosa.............. 1 Cyrtina Hamiltonensis.......... 9 Syringothyris textus............ 10 AthyPisWROISSyl oy. i. eo ie ee 1 Gon sestay sts. seta aos 2 spiriferoides ............ 9 Atrypa reticularis ............... 7 ABDOL AM ate. os vals deeded 1 SPUROS A od). 6 Ls sachets Beier 3 Whitfieldia Maria............... 6 Meristella nasuta ............... 4 ZAygospira modesta ............. 1 Mra Gai 24. Cok ad ae 1 Nucleospira pisiformis.......... 2 conemMnas, 3. so4 cae 6 Trematospira camura .......... 2 N@DLMIB? 5. ses! 1 HLESU Dai hc. ces 3 Retz evar fc Sessa sale 4 AGTIONT 3: aos he hor at eae 2 Rhynchonella capax ............ 2 Sappho. .isv ovens: 5 Stricklandi....... 2 EMneys ooo 2 Leiorhynchus multicosta...-:... 2 Fatonia medialis.) ...6...% 0.55% 4 Anastrophia internascens....... 1 Rhynchotreta cuneata..’........ 3 Pentamerus pseudogaleatus.... 6 Pentamerella arata ............. 1 papilionensis..... 2 sEricklandinia: sp. ...65.0 582200 we 1 Amphigenia elongata........... 1 Rensseleria ovalis .............. 2 Leptoceelia imbricata........... 1 Tropidoleptus carinatus ........ 12 Cryptonella rectirostra.......... 5 Total species, 133; sections.. 538 y : ; iy ; at 2, ¢ Abe Brak is yy N55 eae | «4 Forry-rourtn Ruporr on run Srare 1 [USEU I communicate herewith the report of Prof. J. M. Clarke, ie Assistant Palzeontologist, giving special account of the additions — to the collection and making some earnest appeals for means ete on -field-work which has almost ae ceased for ae rocks and their contained fossils. Having so often and ‘dee many years recommended persistent and systematic field-work, order to maintain the status and prestige of the Museum, I ee only express the hope that some plan of work may be adop when a moderate share of the Museum appropriation can — devoted to this object. ; , im The Trustees of the Museum are to be congratulated in hay secured the valuable collection of Trenton Limestone fossils fron Mr. William Rust. The Museum collections have heretofo been quite too barren in the fossils of this period. In the s: connection I can not help recalling our futile efforts on previous occasions to secure collections of fossils of the Tre - Period. , "a ~ Ican not refrain from again calling your attention to the | need of fossils of the Cambrian system, of which we have scarce anything worth mentioning. oe I communicate herewith three papers by Prof. J. M. Chas entitled a note on CoRonuRA DIuRUS, Green (sp.); the se f - rilobite,; the third, Notes on the Genus AcIDASPIS, " ‘These papers are interesting and important contributions to our , “lanpwledge of two very interesting genera and species of Trilo 7 - dites, and since the Museum has recently come into possessio a nearly entire example of Coronura aspectans, the note on species is very opportune. ab a In the same connection I communicate a catalogue a American Paleozoic Brachiopoda, prepared by my assistant, Mr. Charles. Schuchert, under my direction. oe ‘ Ae will be an important adjunct to the volume r progress on the revision of the genera of the Pal: u _ Brachiopoda. ; -. This catalogue is not yet finished and can not be satis pe - completed till the publication of the volume now in press, | i that account I ask the privilege of communicating the re of = be r ; report shall be transmitted to the __ ion I beg leave to state that of the volume of Paleon- in press, about 250 pages are now in type. The is completed to within two plates. These platesare hands of the -lithographer, and yep be Eom eG ee t of J. anuary, 1891. | it fof preparing the original drawings Pe the acaen part 0) @) 1 is progressing. We shall however soon be in want | arial, which I propose to obtain with little delay. | oe sh is srespetflly submitted by ns Your obedient servant ee ip JAMES HALL, ; ten State Geologist. = 1890. : : : ie Me Sp a i , , lel ety . 4 _ REPORT TO THE DIRECTOR ae - t , ae ‘as > = ad Tag “ ON THE. | qs . ‘ OF THE le oe EW YORK STaTE Museum, | . Leomet i: te - a the central part of the State; a Ree from Ee Rust, of Trenton Falls. This eonlee ons is especially 7 s a fine series of the Utica slate fossils, with an excep- oe Ee. of the developmental stages of : cases, Nes iaaine some less satisfactory examples of ‘species ; it has been necessary to place the greater part floor of Geological Hall. tively little has been added to the cobieatiai: through he field by members of the staff. During the month of 16 Assistant Paleontologist made some collections from : ron Has orded no adequate conception of their e ya o ae Saale po material thus acquired will be 3 of this formation are excellently represented. It. © drawers on the south and east tiers of cases onthe > ce and Lower Portage shales of Ontario and Yates . iy es ae Cos illustrating the remarkable fossil sponges described by him from competition with these collectors, or to make any serious effort - siasm, and we do ourselves: and students of geology througho the State of ot York an injustice 1 in not providing, 1 in the — _ taken by him at present without equivalent neglect of his more 60 FORTY-FO URTH REPORT ON THE Srare Musevm. D. D. Luther, of Naples, N. Y., with whom some negotiations havo ae been made. t With the aid of Mr. Charles Schuchert, the Assistant Palsontolie gist has also made some collections from the Oriskany sandstone on Becraft’s Mountain, near Hudson. Mr. Jacob Van Deloo has collected from the Potsdam sandotaa at the Ausable Chasm, and Chazy limestone at Keeseville. is The Museum is under especial obligations to Sir William — J Dawson, of Montreal, for the donation of a series of specimens ~ the Levis formation. In addition to these the same gentleman has generously contributed interesting specimens of brachiopods and other fossils, as seen in the accompanying list. ry The need of more extensive and systematic work in the collection of fossils from faunas in our own State is poignantly felt. Of the rich primordial faunas our representation meager in the extreme. Private individuals and representativ of the U. S. Geological Survey have carried on extensive oper tions among the early rocks of the State securing materials whi it may not be possible to duplicate for years to come. Fro lack of means the State Museum has been unable to enter intc secure for itself a series of these most important fossils. The study of these primordial faunas as developed in our own State — has in other places awakened the greatest interest and enth of the Palzontology of New York. Field-work can not be under immediate duties. There is no other member of the staff whe can be called upon for such services without similar neglect in other directions. The needs of this department urgently call foe the services of an intelligent and muscular man, who could be kept in the field during the months suitable for such work, and be busied with the more mechanical work of conservator for the remainder of the year. Such a man might be obtained Re ments of Geology, Mineralogy and fae! f ‘ OND ‘deactiial: on nada in ihe arrang saat of ah ae on either ba, or third floors of the Geological Hall. The new Mite oming in to the department is mostly received and se uWOrs at the State Hall, ig Pe iaenrge ts * Respectfully submitted ene oi LAR J Me OLARION (0) Teka aioe Assistant Paleontologist se : wt ero ay = | eo hee ¢ / ) : — e t ° '¥ Se * é ~ ’ t =k <¢ ; - 7 } t te = f ‘ “ fi -_ \ 5 : > ‘ ee z e wy i { ie ey ¢ ‘ , f e ¥ 1 ‘ = ; > * i iy a ‘ *% ry , : w —— u Re } : x ’ ea f * et is cf \ ‘ nee ae oe = aoe) Pad i List of Accessions to the Department of Palaeonte — ‘By Pie | From William P. Rust, Tre won Falls, N. Y.: Black River limestone, Alder Creek, near Boonville, N. y. (oo Museum ticket, 1161). jcc.) 01 3 uli sae Oe cele eee , ‘Trenton limestone, Trenton Falls (Museum ticket, 1164) ... i ; Trenton shale, near Holland Patent (Museum ticket, 1165) nee ‘Utica slate, Holland Patent (Museum ticket, 1231) ....1.... | Hudson River shales, near Rome (Museum ticket, 1232) .... __ _Hudsgon River sandstone, erratic blocks (Museum ticket, 1233) _ From A. L. Arey, Rochester, N. Y.: -Dalmanites aspectans, Conrad. An entire individual from th y ie Corniferous limestone at Lime Rock, IN, Wee liys td ee eri i HEA: Pens herom Mr. Tubbs, New York, N. Y.: Meh . Dalmanites myrmecophorus, Green. A large pygidium figured jako in Paleontology of New York, vol. vii, pl. xiv, fig. 1..... oo By Pscsanen, a From A. L. Arey, Rochester, N.Y: fe ala Phacops trisulcatus, Hall. Clinton group, Rochester an ate danatee a Bronteus occasus, Winch. and Marcy. Niagara group, Rode if Be hiss BOL ee eee c teen ete t eee e tee t eet t teeth eee eee ee _ Lichas, sp. indet. Niagara group, Rochester .............. —s* From F. A. Blair : | 2 a aie Pag Lot of fossils from the Choteau limestone of Missouri. _ - From OC. E. Beecher, New Haven, Conn. : _ Tornoceras Sh Dae Conrad. Hamilton cron, Wen e 4 ey Station . Oa ed : igs From Emmett Brown, Belfast, N. We ay ai i fab _ Fossils from Spergen Hill, Indiana, as follows: | iF ol edits es Rca (Oe a ee REGIRUUCIER Dameron cy, e's DMR wR ok OLS ar 9 St i Verncwilianet ee... Pao ele Bern Oe soa RUG: A ear gy tO | SRN TSAI NECTERSS: ai CR Maes i Ae AE ORR El Mg ALL Bes conomiaiel. caves... try mumbai. yes, PW pecans BEAR CGI ODIORGE 0 5 9s nc 5 wip nao cee s ae Hales ne $e 4d oa ep Vu Bee Miran ON ra At ua Teme coaeic wa mete oo LER SAMI Tn ARMPIT WA Als Toe © MABE NS 8 0 ELIS CRA SRT a ARERR SIN TR) pha SRR eae LN IEN RM a a OP ae Roce cr SL ae Sag Pn a ar eo. uk, Wee ty Ue ge a ee Re PRION aa an See rasa giu costa oee Bee arias, Se Fe ioe as La eg Ge dy ol GN 3 phon sublaevis ....... 6.000. cee cece eee ees tense cece ea Reg Peay oy etre ia A ng Omran irnamia 2 hay dy oe a hl ate l ees oe. SCL AAT ECOTE Sle GENS ROE Sa GAPE ele PE MPC TI ALI rs yin cnet ie So we Metal sieuels LET emeemmeruaian OG ay aie ea tase ME PPOULANG 5 ie 5 5 5: RONG Te a sem erdag RUN a ee ne a OR BPR GMAT OUAIIEDD, «me cient cia Nah sc adda aint 2 Mepnels (UNALeErMIRGd ) 4.661. fe sees sc’. gegen cae By Coxxection. age (Naples) shales and sandstones. Ontario and es counties. Eleven boxes, one slab. J | .M. Clarke and Charles Schuchert : oy from the Degas cart sandstone, Beeraft’s Mountain, i sion 1 the Pomaan sandstone, Ausable Chasm (Museam at LSS RAS eer ral ieee bat ripee ei sice rustacean (?) tracks from the Potsdam sandstone, Keeseville. (o) ces —~ y sees i SCOBDWAAAPH DAIAADWEAAQN Db” a oe MPrAnarne EEL RA Ca Ni 0A a. Sian i or A ar i RR Ra Specimens. — be — , . 3 i yak t iM ee Pe, 8 DN, Of Onl at a . a - X 1 ety Re 5 ata sae fl ae ) Ath ca ae" é , Re ee as | ? a rat er A rau t ee . is “as 4 i Ss a Peay Pha, f ibe op ots, " hs M Poet ai oe Ss 64 Forry-Fro URTH Rueporr on THE Srare Mo USEUM. : Br Denetole a From Sir William Dawson, Montreal: , Specimens. Orthisina Verneuli, Hichwald. Anticosti eesoeerenesee ees es eee . ae of ag “ q Hindella umbonata, Billings. Anticosti ..... «ba bebe Meats _ Orthts porcata, Billings. Anticosti................- Sa ea Orthis hybrida, Sowerby. Anticosti...............++ eceees Atrypa marginalis, Dalman. Anticosti ............6..--0-- Orthis (?) Laurentina, Billings. Anticosti...........-.--262 Meristina didyma (), Dalman.- Picton ). 035.2. 22...20 weet a Inngulepis pinniformis, Owen. Beverly...........++.+-0-0 Linnarssoni pretiosa, Billings. Little Metis. .............- _Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. Chazy, Montreal......... Blastoidocrinus carcharidens, Billings. Montreal...........- Murchisonia Anna, Billings. Calciferous, Montreal......... Monticulipora. Chazy, Montreal......... iakel eck Sep yaar Bythotrephis pergracilis, Dawson. Little Metis ............. _ Protospongia monema, Dawson. Little Metis ............... if delicatula, Dawson. Little Metis .............. Be ae coronata, Dawson. Little Metis ............... Ui oa cyathiformis, Dawson. Little Metis ............ Acanthodictya hispida, Dawson. Little Metis............... 0 Cyathospongia tetranema, Dawson. Little Metis............. re. Quebecensis, Dawson. Little Metis........... — _ Hyalostelia Metissica, Dawson. Little Metis . rire dae he > _ From E. B. Knapp, Skaneateles : Dalmanites Boothi, Green (in pyrite nodule). Haniiien group, - Livingston county Pale itarnile iiinlalb, ode e ye pnete ae eerie Sees ae Platystoma cochleatum, Hall. Corniferous Teel astr Onon- CLASS ROBOPVATION 60.52% ea lis Gon! 2 via la Cie Wide ees ee oe Asaphus megistus, Locke. (Plaster cast, showing under sur- face and appendages.) | A; cc ‘ mye “a R TAR Ng was eAG ye is > ae Fee ; pu ae Hi np ; ma Seen Vee om ; 7 a) « ‘s 4 | ss : RIPTIONS OF BRYOZOA, ‘. FOR THE ‘OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST, pe oO: a f a Paleschara pertenuis. ed Beers pertenuis. Hall, Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 179, 1881. aH _ “ Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 7, 1884. pA Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 237. — _ Not figured, 1887. . parium consisting of extremely thin foliaceous expansions _ ey ; sometimes there are only one or two for each cell, and at — r times for a considerable space the cells are in contact, with- $ cases cellules. Surface marked by macule or Me é > : Paleschara iatepnelia: jy ee +9 ales schara,intercella, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 179, 1881, Sey ; Baie ss 2s ae Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 5, 1884. a. i Ny Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 237. Not aay T8872; ie. x * * % | % * * .: BT se RR Ne Nee eae y ; A x Hie Se 68 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. : larly disposed ; at other times forming intersecting rows, the sur- face of the frond presenting a somewhat regularly reticulated appearance. Interstitial cells about equal in number to the larger — ones, diameter .8 mm. usually quadrangular, square or oblong, the shape and size varying according to the width of the adjacent sides of the large cells. Surface marked by broad, slightly elevated monticules, the centers of which are distant about 3.50 mm.; and a have a space about 1.50 mm. in diameter occupied by larger cells _ of .45 mm. in diameter. The summits of the cell walls have frequently short triangular spinules, usually occurring at the angles, but sometimes on other portions of the walls. ? This species closely resembles P. reticulata, but the cell walls are thinner, the cells are smaller, and the interstitial cells are much more frequent; from P. pertenuis it is distinguished by the thinner cell walls, the more closely disposed macule and the © more decidedly polygonal form of the cells; from P. varicella by the smaller cells, more closely disposed monticules, and ws the presence of interstitial cells; from P. amplectens by the larger __ size of the cells; from P. incrustans of the Lower Helderberg We group, by the thinner cell walls, the smaller cells, more numer- ous interstitial cells, with larger cells on the monticules. Formation and locality Hamilton group, York, Livingston ' county, N. Y. De Paleschara reticulata. ae Paleschara reticulata. Hall, Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 179, 1881. es 4 e ‘© Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 6, 1884. ae we f ‘* Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 237. . et , ' Not figured, 1887. ae * % % * % % % % x > x Zoarium, consisting of extremely thin foliaceous expansions incrusting other bodies, greatest. thickness ‘observed .33 mm. Cells usually pentagonal or hexagonal, sometimes quadrangular, we diameter .35 mm., in contact; usually irregularly disposed, but sometimes arranged in undulating intersecting rows, and generally, _ when so disposed, the cells are quadrangular, giving to the sur- — a face a somewhat regularly reticulate appearance. Interstitial ‘3 3 cells minute and on some of the fronds very infrequent. Surface — % marked by maculs, the centers of which are distant 4 or5 mm, __ with a central space 1.50 mm. in diameter, occupied by larger ‘ 24> Sane, r ‘ acc interstitial cells and the variation in size between the ordi- e , paery cells and those on the monticules. . aeration and locality. — Hamilton group, York, Livingston ‘ o 1h Paleschara variacella. Pe Paleschara variacella, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 179, 1881. . “aa cei *« Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 7, 1884. aed se «< Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 237. a | - Not figured, 1887. ‘. Be icitim consisting of extremely thin foliaceous expansions : inerusting other bodies, most frequently Cyathophylloid corals ; - sail thickness observed 50 mm. Cells ae? from 2 ae regular reticulated appearance. There are no interstitial o cells on the specimens observed. Surface marked by slightly ie ai f ~ elevated monticules, the centers of which are distant about 4 mm. ‘aaa with a space 1.50 mm. in diameter occupied by larger cells which ak a oe of from .45 to .60 mm. The erie of the cell st a, O2 Tee eae A \. ! nx) i p % 70 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. This species may be distinguished from P. intercella by the smaller ordinary cells, larger cells on monticules and the absence of interstitial cells; from P. reticulata by the absence of interstitial. cells; from P. pertenuis by the more decidedly angular cell apertures and the absence of interstitial cells ; from P. amplectens by the larger cells; from P. incrustans of the Lower ‘Helderberg group by the cells on the monticules being larger than the others. Formation and locality. — Hamilton group, York, ivi county, N. Y. Paleschara amplectens. Paleschara IONE, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 179, 1881. “8 “‘ Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 7, 1884. ah ae = “Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 287. Not figured, 1887. Zoarium consisting of extremely thin foliaceous expansions — incrusting other fossil bodies, especially crinoid columns; great- est thickness observed less than .25 mm. Cells polygonal, ee ing from quadrangular to hexagonal, in contact; diameter .20 mm., sometimes irregularly disposed; at other times forming obbiqtad intersecting rows, giving to the surface a regularly reticulated appearance ; the margins of the cell walls have frequently minute ~ nodes or spinules at the angles; sometimes they occur on other portions of the margins. The surface is not marked by macule or monticules; the cells being of uniform size. This species may be distinguished from any other of this geological formation by the smaller size of the cells, and the absence of maculez or monticules. _ * Formation and locality. Hamilton group, shore of Seneca lake, N. Y. ¢ ~ Stictopora rectalinea. _ Stictopora rectalinea, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 245, - pl. lxiii, fig. 23, 1887. This species in its general appearance most nearly resembles S. crescens and 8. rigida of the Upper Helderberg group; from _ the former it may be distinguished by the smaller, more distant \ ; iy ' ‘ ’ vi y Ve Z, oe ML $78 Pinta Rb I te ’ hs ra * wt — ‘ Ne “ hay OP \ vet Bs re ae eh ae ius b aad vs y, ee += tet 2k Cia Sag Se Por Se ee ae ae sige Ve 3K eat! AGALS sata: Aes we os] Ev P, se Fy . ; ¥ ie iia —_— TT. a —— ay x im Ee ra ie nat had by hia wider branches, ee Guiiber of ranges of s, the smaller, more distant and more decidedly oval cell and the broader, convex space between the ranges s; from S. crenulata it may be distinguished by its wider, gid branches, greater number of ranges of oval apertures, vex interspace; from S. subrigida and S. angularis, by its eee oval, not pustulose cell apertures, and the 1 interapertural space ; from S. trilineata and S. tumulosa | greater number of ranges of smaller apertures and the x or subangular, finely striated interspaces. vation and locality.— Hamilton group, West Williams, Onta-- Stictopora tumulosa. rik iidbilosa, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 246, pl. . Ixi, figs. 18-22, 1887. * iy * * * * * % Y : it ae be distinguished by its somewhat tides ly Pe aktisione evita S. ijuiieese and 8 recta have pustuliform cell apertures, but in those species the of apertures are separated by very prominent, strong 72 FORTY-FO URTH Report on THE Strate M USUUM. ridges; from the other species, at present known, it may be dis- : tinguished by minute, circular pustuliform cell apertures. . we x Formation and iiaaat k — Hamilton group, Moscow, Livingston n ay county, N. Y. by Stictopora striata. Stictopora striata, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 246, PL ; | Ixiii, fig. 22, 1887. a 3 “ Be vente a xt a + pustuliform; the Ladin are stronger, and ig sean are shorter, broader, and much more numerous ; from SV. trilineata = ; may be distinguished by the more nearly circular, more. oblique, less regularly disposed cell apertures, and the short tortuous ‘ strie ; from S. interstriata by its more nearly circular cell aper- j _tures, the stronger peristomes, the absence of spiniform projec- — tions from the interior of the cell tube, the fewer, stronger and — much more tortuous striations ; from S. sinuosa by the broad er striations ; Fira S. incisurata by its numerous ‘striations; fron iif any other species at present known from the Lower and Upper ‘ Helderberg and Hamilton groups, by the ae a De short, — ous striations. ‘e ‘ Stictopora sinuosa. Stictopora sinuosa, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 190, 1881. Bers, a ff ** Report of State Geologist for 1883, ‘p. 42, vale = sf “y ** Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 247, Bee be he fig. 17, 1887. oe * * + wees * * * This species may be distinguished from S. incisurata ba rr narrower form, more rigid appearance, and the sinuous ‘inte1 rupted striations or ridges; from S. trilineata by the more : form, broadly oval oblique cell apertures, and the sinuous, i int rupted. ridges or striations; from S. tumulosa by the » broa ; from the other species at present known in the and ce Helderberg groups it may be distinguished a ie busi = Ehiaiion eroup, south of Auburn, : ‘Cayuga Lo N. Y. Stictopora ovata. fig. 24, 1887, Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 190, 1881. oe je lxii, figs. 1-6, 1887. be distinglaed ie oe more robust bel and fhe PSs! Bites 10 \ ovata, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 248, pl. Ixiii, f "Report of State Geologist, for 1883, p. 47, 1884. . Bie: Palzeontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 249, pl. “ot. strong ionic fie hs erapartieak pits; gee size - thickness will easily distinguish it from any other species of _ Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups, at pres _ known, with the exception of S. ovata, and it may be distinguished from that species by the more decidedly ovate form of the apert | Rani, aap in the posterior portion of be seas being ae peng on apertures. he Formation and locality. Ca aealbos ae A West Willia: ~ Province of Ontario, Canada. | a Stictopora limata. * Stictopora limata, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, be 250, 2 ie figs. 14-16, 1887. i appearance, trapernhe oe more Eee, vitwontanel t pert eae ong their more regular meee in Re is ee ae nodes on whe ridges; from 8. byurcate ae th i. “distant ia ae ie rane ot He ee on a brat i Biseic Hall, Trans. Albany Telia te, vol. x, p. 190, 1881. ‘« Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 43, 1884. ‘Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 251, pl. Ix, fig. 21, 1887. ecies: very closely resembles S. angularis, but the bifur- | separated by only a little more than the diameter of an = Bop fede of the ce? aia eroup it is Stictopora crenulata. “enulata, Hall. Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 44, 1884. ges Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 252, pl. lx, fig. 22. 1887. : % * * Bey ue + feet = =) f Lae Pi Bie w k sea iy ma Fee te ae ig mee . 4 ‘2 ; ‘ ate DL SE a ESN Rook Nie tear eee oak y ’ r rk ; = "ik o ie ‘ ade r oR, c thao a 76 ForvTy-FrouURTH Revorr: ON THE Srare mM USEUM. and S. crescens of the Upper Helderberg group, it may be distin- Be _ guished by the more numerous and much finer longitudins al striations ; from 8. incisurata it is distinguished by. the narrowe ;. form of the frond, more nearly parallel margins, smaller and mo | indistinct cell apertures, finer and more numerous striations. ms me ip Formation and locality— Hamilton group, near Alden, Erie — panty, Now. ee pe | Stictopora angularis. | Stictopora angularis, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. . pl. lxi, fig. 23, 1887. ¢ ¥ x * cae ¥ ¥ ¥ This species most closely resembles S. subrigida, but the f is more decidedly subangular along the middle, the cell ape are more pustuliform, the longitudinal ridges are not so ] nent, the frond is wider, and the bifurcations are more frequen’ from 8S. recta it may be distinguished by its somewhat owid | branches, smaller more decidedly circular, and more prominentl hy . pustuliform cell apertures, wider longitudinal ridges, and absence of nodes or granules on the ee from ae trilineata, it 1 is be cA - lata by the Pe aikenk ridges. | ri ge vas tig Formation and locality.— Hamilton group, : four miles sou LeRoy, Genesee county, N. Y. . s OSes ee Be ad : ‘ 4 £2) ee; ~? ‘ Baa - ” aes + i, fe recta. 7 \ \ recta, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 253. | Not figured, 1887. — ; % * ~ *% Ager gah? % ge % county, N.Y. w \ -Stictopora divergens. * bas Sy eg 1 3 “fn ue % % T ower, the margins of the branches are more nearly parallel, ration and localities. —_ Shales of the Hamilton group, sic : ra divergens, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. -vi, p. O57, Mart, 3 sf . pl. lxiii, figs. 18,19, 1887. | ale 16 branches increase but little in width before bifurcating ; vias. mo ; Ny , Migeie ite Re much more infrequent. It very closely resembles S. di Pa nek and longitadéonl stris are Each finan fhe striations ” e. fewer in number and a transverse section of the branch is more. yi nearly oval. The appearance of the frond and manner of pn " a) is “abe similar to that of S. rhomboidea as the Be relia r a rhomboidal vestibular area ; from Si imterstriata thie specie _ be distinguished by the stronger peristomes, absence of spinifi projections from the interior of the cell wall, the much fewer stronger longitudinal striations, and the granules of the peristo and striations; from 8. permarginata by the longitudinal st tions, that species having the interapertural space smooth. _ Formation and locality.— Hamilton group, Darien Centre, N. A cae anes permarginata, Hall. rane) Albany Institute, vol. X, Pp. 191 “ It ‘* Report of State Geologist for 1883, is yi 1884. pk a ae il) ae gi Paleontology of New. Vouk vol. vi, pl. xili, fig. 16, 1887. he cell apertures are somewhat arse much more tsa _ posed, the peristomes are stronger, the striations are stronge ra but may be distinguished by the wider fronds more in: “eS the parallel margins, more closely ies Lednnsstaon and locality.— Hamilton Broun: West Hambw county, ee aay . a “(pueipore | interstriata. ra paierstriata, Hall. Trans. Albany - Institute, vol, x, p. 191, 1881. Ne «Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 45, 1884. - Paleeontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 259, pl. lxii, figs. 7-12, 1887. * * * x * * % - 6¢ “ce - Stictopora recubans. _ | Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 260, pl. Ixiii, figs. 20, 21, 1887. | hy * * * * x * * . the ¢ characteristics of the species are the comparatively broad, i, non- celluliferous marginal space, and the oblique, recumbent ‘ginal apertures, with a great portion, of their cell walls exposed é . the substance of the frond. This species very closely ables S. vermicula of the Upper Helderberg group, but the n-c celluliferous marginal space is wider, the ranges of apertures I eee in number, there being eleven or twelve ranges on that cic s, the ranges of apertures are more distant, the apertures are > distinctly pustuliform, the cell walls of the marginal aper- §are more exposed, and the longitudinal ridges are more pe 1 . ora recubans, Hall. i Bere i] > ae an Pa x 2 : ane s re as Poe of ‘ ; ; cae Ae bias ul eta es Porry-rour Ts RePor? on THE : Beane Museum. eho ae are distinct, but ie manner of growth hd general appearance | of | the i _two species are very similar. The curved branches, broad non celluliferous marginal space, the oblique and recumbent margina 4 cells, will distinguish it from any other species at present knows from the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups. — -- Formation.and locality— Hamilton group, shores of Seneca lak Seneca county, N. Y. Waa re, Stictopora subcarinata. Stictopora ? subcarinata, Hall. ‘rans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 191, 188 ** (s. g.?) dichotoma, Hall. By error. Report of State Geologist P: 1883, p. 48, 1884. _ Stictopora subcarinata, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, pes p) : P pl. lxiii, figs. 1-6, 1887. When the fronds are well preserved this species will be eas that species in some of its aoe but it may be distingnisl by the wider non-celluliferous marginal space, the fewer pte ee variation in size between the marginal and | cone ce ; apertures, and the obliquity of the marginal apertures to the a _ of the branch ; when the central ridge is very prominent, and others are alee it has some resemblance to Leniopora ex but generally the difference between the two species is marked. | ! pa Formation and localities — Hamilton Beles is and one- : miles east of Alden Station, Erie county ; Bellona, Yates cot and York, Livingston county, N. Y. Ae Zz 3 Semiopora bistigmata. b: Semipora bistigmata, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 193, 1 f ‘“‘ Report of State Geologist for 1883, p.. & “< es Paleontology of New York, vol. va ph lxii, figs. 27-29, 1887. = te * * BS eee ees aN ‘ e . . ° e y;,? F i f i os ele | _ This species is found associated with hi 559e imerass 7 be. ene by its more robust form, larger cell s, and interapertural pits; from any other species, at ; known, from the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Iton groups, it may be distinguished by its slender form, “ Prismopora dilatata. : ora dilatata, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 193, 1881. WeneNE ‘* Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 50, 1884. * Sey ‘*. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 265, _ pl. lxil, figs. 13, 14, 1887. e size and frequent branching. | aor and en Hamilton group, near Legee aes: Prismopora lata. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, Pp: 266. Not figured, 1887. eit * x * * x % % - be distinguished by the much léss frequent bifurcations, h less concave sides; the more distant cell apertures, eir trilobate form, and their disposition in oblique ascending 2 from - ae of oe Upper Helderberg group, alte apertures, and the ieeh more numerous nen sin >t oe qi species there are only nine or ten apertures in the space across “a the branch, while in this species there are from fifteen to twenty ; . di from P. triquetra and P. edad. it is oe distinguished by | ; its much larger branches. e. _ Formation and locality. Hamilton’ group, Hill’s gulch, four miles south of LeRoy, N.Y. . ‘ Ptilodictya parallela. * Ptilodictya parallela, Hall. Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, P. 270, ‘ . pl. lxi, figs. 7, 8, 1887. ae Bore : # * s st ments, it sometimes closely euiieblon Acrogenia = in some of its aspects, but it may be distinguished by the somewhi ; larger, less oblique cell,apertures, and the more uniform size _ the longitudinal ridges; in that species tlfe central ridg usually much more prominent, frequently having two or tk times the width of the others, and they are all often striat The branches of this species are very gently convex, while in t one they are subangular; but sometimes the resemblance is vei close and from small fragments alone it is difficult to disting the species. From Stictopora subcarinata it is distinguished the wider frond, the extremely narrow non-celluliferous mar; space, the more uniform size of the apertures, and the promi ridges separating the ranges of apertures. From other forms Prinopicrya it is Roa by the circular, ne i tas by the conde cell apertures, wider frondlaes - numerous ranges of apertures and the prominent longitt Ss ad greater ee of ranges of apertures, Hay narrow, nent, smooth ridges. ei Formation and localities.— Hamilton ‘group, ‘Daten ( idces county, and near the head of Weer cure Jake, county, N. Y. | : peg +p) FRE: No) 250) Sa r Teal a) et A ie Ey : agen | Ptilodictya plumes. Re 3 plumea, Hall. Paleontoloay of New York, vol. vi, p. 271, piixt. . - figs. 9-12, 1887. Pans 7 he x “ ¥% oh Se *. ei ce a ae nd the convex, granulose, interapertural space; from aes lata it may be distinguished by the wider frond, the more | ‘Vagal and the convex ane ete he ; from ie je county, N. Y. ‘Thamniscus pauciramus. C peers, Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, eal Day a, 197, 1881. x _ “© Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 60, / | 1884, mo; nae _ ~~ Paleontology of New York, vol. vi, p. 274, 4 not gured, 1887. ey cena Bory * SEU Sala aR Me * pie more hiss appearance ; from Tr. nanus fi the u ent bifurcations, the more uniform size of the branches, mt | uch more closely disposed cell apertures. _ Ne i ation and ee Hamilton og Menteth’s point, ag = Ps ’ al ‘ 4 aot oe "4 ie Ls rts a 4": [7 a 7G “a 86 FORTY-FOURTH Raeoye on THE Save : Me SEUM. Hederella conferta. - ied ~ Ptilionella ch eae Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 195, 1881. $ Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 56, 1884. f oy ane Paleontology. of New York, vol. vi, p. 279, not g figured, 1887. | ee rr xP a Seen US Soe * ter of the cell tubes, their more nearly cylindrical foriit al ‘tie. oe of regular annulations ; from Piilionella nodata it is bse c of the frond. The cell tubes are of ne the same size as : thee of H. filformis, but they are of more frequent occurrence aud are never nearly parallel with, nor have their margins in contact wit the axial tube, but diverging and having their margins in cont with each other, presenting a more compact appearance than ; ‘species ; from H. magna it is distinguished by “ee much smal size of the cell tube. hd Formation and locality— Hamilton group, Darien Centr te _ Genesee county, N. Y. v ; pA striata. eee nore ee. Hall. Trans. Albany Institute, vol. x, p. 196, 1881. wae ** Report of State Geologist for 1883, p. 58, 1884. aw: ; = 2 “ ~ Paleontology of New York, vol. vi. P. 283, a I ri, ap ae figs. 30-33, 1887. by ® x x * % % % * “ake "this species ; from P. nodosa it may be digteseeheld by t ee m ee ~ frequent branches and-the absence of prominent nodes on | Peevalitorons face of the midrib and branches. | ae F pe meron and localities. — Hamilton group, Bese Livingst oo ore 4 E and ice at West Williams, Ontario, Canada, a ‘ a. v Repo of State of Ne ew honk, vat TE p. 985, pl. ‘xvi, SIS, TERT. em 4 pe % Seite ¥ Tat 038 om we a ime of heads along the middle of ane cals: » of the midrib and branches; from P. wfrequens it guished by the more frequent lateral branches; in — 3 the aera one pence: the peoreeee being equal to a = © Res NOTES ON THE GENUS ACIDASPIS. =¥ E ON COKONURA ASPECTANS, CONRAD. By i M. CLARKE. ot Meets pee = : vy 7 ee oe oe ne a = _ By J. M. CuarKxe. (aa a to the State Geologist, December, 1890. writers, their intentions. The original diagnoses may have li too brief to satisfy the present requirements of our aa S name upon these ‘grounds alone. “Too imperfectly | to be identified, ” is @ deeree which often veils. an. unbe- 0 ae Bohs steel have tle snadeaed for genera of palesozoic’ an nd have fallen into desuetude from the general belief that — bay ynozyms have‘a certain definite value ; with the advance = es Yi Ab eee PN . icy to ihe a of various terms aes pail haan pro-- . r x members of this eb? eae at the same time our — Wi + *Amertoua: J fee of Seiunce and Arts, vol. xxxiv, p. 377. a i ti a me raw! pes “Forry-rourra Rye ORT on’ run Sears mM seo spines nen the occipital ring. That the author pio the Shoeel in an inverted position, and regarded the occipital spines as antenn does not in the least affect the value of this very appropriate generic term. Barrande* recognized the priority of Warder’s descripti and stated that the term would be entitled to adoption by palzeonto gists were it not that de Candolle had previously made use of - name Ceratocephalus for a genus of plants. Though the two w have the same origin, this fact need not at all affect the validi both, more especially since they have been used in different d ments of natural history, where there is not the slightest poss: of their being confounded. Furthermore, it has been stated Captain Vogdes+} that de Candolle’s name is no longer recogn by botanists, but has been absorbed into the genus Ranunculus. this be the case, it may serve to fortify the later term, though ‘will eventually be resuscitated with a restricted value. For us, ae _ ever, the existence of de Candolle’s term does not in the ma i the value of that of Merde, as the two words are different. OvowntortevRa, Emmrich, Potyerss, Rouault, Traretocera, SELENO: oe Corda, Dicranurus, AcanrHotoma, Conrad, terms which have i 4 poke ng species of the same group, are all a later date. all the rest. | | ite is . eunit the prior right “ this oe American writer, we ae groups. Reh any ie | CuraTocerHaa was founded on the species C. goniata Wari a Be *Syatome Adan: vol. 1, p. 693. + Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1877; -tArsberat. om ny zool. arbet. och upptackt. p. 135, 1828. § Lethzea Svecica, p. 12, 1837. be || The only writer who has urged the claims of Warder’ 8 term is Captain. ve the paper already cited in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Aca (‘Notes on the genera Acidaspis, Odontoplewra, and Ceratocephala. to ha _ yaluable “Bibliography of Palzeozoic Crustacea” (Bulletin No. 63, U. 8 _ Survey) Captain Vodges has, however, retained the name Acrpaspis, — Pitan grovds | is a | Niagara malts “The name of this species Se tted to recognition. Barrande observed the close is of Warder’s figure of (. goniata to his Odontopleura (1846) is (1852) Vernewili, and has represented on his fig. 3) a cephalon in a similar position to that given For the purpose of comparison copies of both are roduced. It will be observed that the size attained by these related animals is very large compared to that usually pre- among members of “ Actrpasprs.” Barrande’s species is from a re his etage H,. Professor Hall has described* a he figures of sia ad given by Professor Hall show cient clearness that this form is identical with Ceratocephala Yi ae nate had is therefore lost by its being in all respects a forms as agree with the type C. goniata, in pice a 8 ngle pat median spine. irs. of as aan NanalS of ace History, Mae 1} p. 106, pl. 2, fig. 13, 1865. m einer Monographie der béhmischen Trilobiten, p. 158. This work, pub- the names of Ignaz Hawle and A. J. C. Corda, has, since the publication by ited to Corda alone, System, p. 658. d the same obscuration as that of its genus, and has never — hs be a synonym of te be eee Verneuili. Whatever wae Bey. in its restricted sense has this positive value. It Species of this type of structure : fi a disclaimer by Hawle of any participation in its composition, been gen- — ie are usually of ath mye send are Paviely aieeabeiad, having | considerable vertical range from the lower Silurian into the n midd or upper Devonian. They are subject to variation in some -featu aK especially in the number and arrangement of the spines upon tl __- pygidium, and in this respect afford no means of distinction from # members of other divisions of the genus CuraTocEPHALA. | : In 1839 Emmrich proposed* the term OponropLuuRa, appar not in ignorance of Murchison’s term, but because he con it insufficiently defined in being based upon a fragmentary sp | He described and figured Odontopleura ovata, Emmrich, which mu be taken as typical of his proposed genus. This Species was af wards refigured by him in 1845} under the name O. bispinosa. + highly finished figure of this species, was also given by Burmeister in ay penance, as it is Rbared from the original Spee naee the phe : Catia spines. . : if _- In 1840 Conrad described he species Acidaspis ieronatus, ls a ‘ eas congeneric with ‘A, Brighti, 3 Murchison. At the sami o time he | oo without rene or ee Seay a fossil - my | ee aa i that the suthoe had under consideration : a free leee of th it fe! ane of Acrpasprs. os was mentioned. in a list. oe on a preceding page of the am \ pes *De Trilobitis, p. 35, plate, fig. 3. t “Ueber die Trilobiten,” (Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, ete). 4 Organization der Trilobiten, pl. 2, fig. 11. § Burmeister states that this specimen in the Museum of the Tee of. _ the only one known of the species, and Heidenhain in 1869 makes the sam - (Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, vol. 21. p. 167). | (Third Anaual Report on the Paleontological Department of the Survey of the plate accompanying a few copies ‘of the ponOrn for the foes & ye ur _ Fifteenth Report N. Y. State Cabinet.) Benes ts sk _. In his report for the following year Conrad used the term bicannnan tal list of fossils, but without further definition. _ ** Paleontology of New York, vol. 3. p. 370. ‘tt Page 48, plate, fig. 1. _ | well known except from its cephalon which is notable for ordinary pair of curved spines originating upon the oad occipital ring, making almost an entire revolution in al outward curve and resembling a pair of grappling irons. Mr. a regarded this fossil as the entire animal, describing it hout thoracic segments but with a tail prolonged into two Bt nal species of this well characterized group is known, the Is monstrosa, Barrande, from an equivalent horizon, the een figured by both Hall and Barrande and they indicate prolonged into spines which are abruptly curved backward form structure and is totally unlike that figured by Professor D ygidium, which had become detached and been gummed in e has again become loosened and lost, a most regrettable circum- as assiduous search in the Lower Helderberg rocks which has od many fine specimens of this fossil has failed to discover ier of the pygidium. We may, however, confide in the accuracy original representation of this part, in which the pygidium projecting spine on each side near the anterior margin. The given on the accompanying plates of the American and Bohe- is remarkable in many respects and we have reproduced Bar- 8 figure of the entire animal which is almost a copy of that 2 ‘spines; hence the generic name, which is thus a mis-— but can not be impeached on such a ground. But a single _ Fragments of the thorax known to belong to these species » similar to that of the Ceratocephale generally, straight atly produced. Barrande also figures* a very incomplete im which he surmises may belong to A. monstrosa, but it has a in connection with a portion of the thorax of A. hamata. The ‘i ; 11 of the latter drawing isin the collection of the State Museum, ~ to have been of small size, semi-circular in outline, with a ‘species will serve to indicate the distinctive characters of this _ ; resented 1 but one species, his Neigseae Buchi. Corda’s generic | ie was well defined and fully illustrated. This species Acidaspis 96 fORTY-FOURTH ‘Report on ran Srare M ISEUD given by Corda. The median lobe of the glabella i is ‘gmall, ta laters ‘8 lobes, instead of being more or less distinctly in two pairs, are con fluent and exceedingly irregular; the occipital ring is devoid of spine or conspicuous tubercles and the long cheek spines take their origi above the genal angles and on the upper surface of the cheeks. The thoracic segments are very broad, each annulation bearing at i junction with the pleura a very strong node; the pleural ridges are no direct as in other species, but cross the entire width of the pleuré spines. The pygidiumis described by both Cordaand Barrande as with- out marginal spines and hence Corda’sname. But Barrande has figure one very imperfect specimen retaining a single spine and in the figure A here copied, they were drawn in dotted lines. The cephalon is also without marginal spines. A comparison of these features with thos ) of the other groups already indicated leaves no doubt that the single example of this type of structure stands well apart from its allies. — In the same year that Corda’s “ Prodrom” appeared (1847) th _ ¢erm Potyeres was used by Rouault* in a list of the paleeozoic fos: ~ foundin the vicinity of Rennes, Brittany, for a trilobite which Barranc 3, after a personal inspection of the specimens, pronounced ident with his Acidaspis Buchi. Rouault’s description of his genus was v brief. The essential character upon which it was based being th _ long thoracic spines. The single species mentioned, Polyeres Dufrenoy - Rouault, was not figured. It must be admitted that from the original description alone of Potyzrrs it would be difficult to recognize i value, but the opinion expressed by Barrande fully determines it worth. As it is necessary to choose between the two terms Set: PELTIS and PotyerEs proposed the same year, it seems the wiser cou: to accept Corda’s name, which was not only clearly defined but w also illustrated. 2 | It appears from the foregoing that many of the generic. names A which have been proposed for the trilobites known as Acrpaspis, have : a certain permanent value. If we admit these terms ina classifi 8 tion, the subdivision of the entire group of (CERATOCEPHALA is fou By at the session of December, 1846, and its date is thus anion ey both Barrande ¢ RN: Vogdes, The cover of these Feuilles 20- 25 bears the date of April, 1847. ; . Be orinal dimerances of a passing generation and noid the truths that this i ee [- gator was fortunate enough to elicit. Pind, but it is not infrequently that variation in ak etails as this has proved of the greatest convenience dee and the Proetide. In the entire group of CrRraTocEPHALA no more important variation in essential characters than that = sefulness of the subdivision proposed in the following lies rily in the homogeneity of the groups and secondarily in the that ; it retains in their original value names of long standing. see ScHEME OF CLASSIFICATION. Oe es enus CEraTocePHana, Warder, 1838 : Seas Habella pith. a long central lobe Sage from near the anterior et sam distinct from the central lobe. The facial mutated just within the genal angles, passing over the ocular nodes ng the frontal margin where their anterior terminations are _ by the width of the glabella; rarely obsolete from . Eyes small. Thoracic segments generally nine, some-— n; extremities of the pleurz produced into spines. Pygidium e a » or three annulations. Margins of cephalon and Eye ie me Au ; ae i navies the pase ring : anil (a) Smooth or with a central tubercle. ae Op NTOPLEURA, Emmrich. Type, O. ovata, Emmrich. | ye vg ——— (b) With a single, large, straiyht, median spine. cA a pasPis, Murchison. Type, A. Brighti, Murchison. ek : 1 ~ Synonym, Acantholoma, Conrad. — ea (c) With two straight, divergent spines. yeh ZATOCEPHALA, Warder, sensu stricto. Type, C. goniata, Warder. | a ean Trapelocera, Corda. ) mee With two 00 spirally recurved ae of great size. a) spain with seaent aa lobes, ‘oblige spineless pygidium. | (e) Sevenopentis, Corda. Type, S. Buchs Barrande. Synonym, Polyeres, Rouault. Hane To these it is necessary to add another to include an extrav us | form known only from its pygidium, but whose relations are nea o the genus CeRATOCEPHALA: . (f) Anoyvropycz, sub-gen. nov. Type, Acidaspis Rominge (Paleontology of New York, vol. vii, p. 71, at 16 B, Piet | _ 15-18, ee ye Be margin ee twelve long curved spines, four on each side border arise two other spines ee ane and within the fourth lateral marginal spines; these rise at an angle of nearly 45° a: probably nearly of the same length as the rest. known species in all. The solar: norelOiein value of ‘the is undoubtedly higher and they are better entitled to indep athens the remaining groups. ki Tur AMERICAN SPECIES OF CERATOCEPHALA is not largely represented. | It has been observed that the earliest species deseribed is Peeinae Warder, 1838, with which, it seems to us, the Acidaspi. Hall and A. Ida, Winchell and Marcy, ate synonymous. | In a supplementary note to Warder’s paper in the America: pot wase es Gk: Anthony described the eae G0 fats | : cake of inal size, the ee marginal spines baa . i _ antenne. Mr. Meek subsequently identified, with some species from the Hudson river group at Cincinnati, Ohio, ae fount, me feos tres of two Ayinidia which, 4 em to establish the validity of Anthony’s designation. At , time Meek gave figures of two glabellas (loc. cit., figs. 6,7) eee proposing therefor any specific name. Both are character- d by ong single occipital spine, that of figure 6 very broad and t, that of figure 7 much more slender. It appears that acephalon g the structure of the former of these was subsequently a ay be Miller as Acidaspis ag ence and with Ngee to Acidaspis anchoralis do belong to the same species it would — that Mr. Miller’s name must take its place as synonymous for pe for Anthony’s figures, though not all that could be ~ : ed, show a ye characteristic feature 3 in the single pair of fone: Rie Dr. John Locke described} the species Ceraurus crossotus i same horizon at Cincinnati. Mr. Meek in the work cited Baca as broken at the occipital rine so that its Le classification i is uncertain. 1873 Mr. Meek described{ in addition to the species already aN ned, Acidaspis Cincinnatiensis, from the Hudson River group, — 1 c mas Se gael a pygidium pe two thoracic segments attached. , a-C. + 4P 1875, S. A. Miller ree oi from fhe “Hudson Hvac group, Acidaspis anchoralis, to which reference has been made, and A. O’ Neal per In 1876, Professor Hall referred to Acidaspis n. sp.? forms subse- _ quently described as Ceratolichas gryps, Hall, + and C. dracon, Hall,{ from the Corniferous limestone of New York. At the same time — referred the species Terataspis grandis, Hall, ard Lichas Eriopis, Ha: to Acrpasris and indicated a pygidium of L. Eriopis as Acidaspis (Terataspis) sp.? § a3 In 1879, Mr. C. D. Walcott described,| without illustration, Acid parvula from the Trenton limestone of Trenton Falls, N.Y. - In 1879, Professor Hall described {| Acidaspis fimbriata from: ¢ Niagara group at Waldron, Indiana. The original specimen was free cheek of which a figure was first given in 1883.** ae In 1887, Mr. A. F. Foerste described}} the species Acidaspis Onto from the Clinton shales near new Carlisle, Ohio. In the Paleontology of New York, Vol. VII, 1888, Acidaspis callicenaa ~ was described,{{ a species occurring in the Schoharie grit and Cor niferous limestone of New York and Canada. A large pygidium we also referred to this genus but without specific name,|||| (Corni limestone, Cayuga, Ontario). Under the name Acidaspis Romi was described{/{ the form which we have taken as a type of new genus, Ancyropycz, from the Hamilton fauna of Little Traverse Bi Michigan. | F | These North American species arrange themselves under the I _ posed grouping as follows : - Genus CrratocepHana, Warder, 1838. CrratocerHata, Warder, sensu stricto. : C. goniata, Warder, 1838. Bo fe Synonyms Acidaspis Danai, Hall, 1862. fy * A, Ida, Winchell and Marcy, 1865. _ Actpaspis, Murchison, 1839. iA A. anchoralis, Miller, 1875. ues —?? A. ceralepta, Anthony (sp.), 1838. ae: A, tuberculatus, Conrad, 1840. CMe * Cincinnati hae Journal of Science, vol. 2, p. 86, fig. 9. f Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, pl. 19, fig. 1. __—-«-¢ Idem, figs. 2, 3. -§ Idem, figs. 4-11, 12. : | Thirty-first Report N. Y. State Museum (1879), advance sheets, p. 16. mt ek Description of New Species from the Niagara group, p. 20. _- ** Eleventh Report State Geologist of Indiana, pl. 33, fig. 11. En tt Bulletin Scientific Laboratories Denison University, vol. 2, D. 90, pl. 8 og. iL hee —s- #4 P. 69, pl. 16 B, figs 1-13. Ii PL. 16 B, fig. 14. —-« TTP. 71, pl. 16 B, figs. 15-18. LEURA, Emrich, 1839. _O. Trentonensis, Hall (sp.), 1847. ia parvula, Walcott (sp.), 1877. - 0. Halli, Shumard (sp.), 1855. Pe Bo crossota (Locke ?), Meek (sp.), 1873. a om 0. O'Nealli, Miller (sp.), 1875. ». 0. Ortoni, Foerste (sp.), 1887. _D. hamatus, Conrad, 1841. YE a Clarke, 1891. 7 tocephala Sods Anthony, 1873. Bee sic. Meek (sp.), 1873. Horani, Billings (sp.), 1857. imbriata, Hall (sp.), 1879. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. CERATOCEPHALA GONIATA, Warder. . Copy of the original figure. From American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxxiv, No. 2, p. 378. AcIDASPIS VERNEUILI, Barrande. . Outline copy of a cephalon viewed from in front as in the preceding figure. Barrande, Systéme Silurien du Centre de la DON ae WOLD pl, B8tie, 3) . The entire individual. Barrande, loc. oie fig. 5. TRAPELOCERA HOERNESI, Corda. . Copy of the original figure. Corda, Prodrome Hiner Monographie der b6hmischen Trilobiten, pl. vii, fig. 79a. DICRANURUS HAMATUS, Conrad. . Copy of the original figure given on the reproduction of the original plate (Fifteenth Rept. N. Y. State Museum), designed to accompany Mr. Conrad’s report for 1841. . Afigure from acephalon retaining all the parts except the free cheeks. From the trilobitic layers of the Delthyris Shaly lime- stone at Slingerland’s, near Clarksville, N. Y. . The pygidium and a portion of the thorax as given in Paleon- tology of New York, vol. iii, pl. 79, fig. 19. ACIDASPIS MONSTROSA, Barrande. . A specimen showing a portion of the thorax. From Barrande, op. cit., Suppl. pl. 15, fig. 1. ACIDASPIS BricHTI, Murchison. . Copy of the original figure in Murchison’s Siluria, p. 261, fig. 8. Plate i. N*NARaaannan Se, ie ANNA st ‘i f pee \ \ XA KSR SAY CERATOCEPHALA. C y mes, a) 1 ca - = y ai ; ri : ] 2 , Ot i fh - ' a)" ra 8 St mat i « # ’ e ’ \ ~ é - ° rom Bes a) ee ~~ - ee yo ee eye 3 74 Bs Ga ee ee : eerks 5s Rix) * ; . re f " wy ' yet ‘ el i : ¥ br ok hes bye |) oy Ws . Fick ae PRO PO LA ae My La Plate IT. a ] CERATOCEPHALA. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL. ACIDASPIS MONSTROSA, 7A Si “EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL. ODONTOPLEURA OVATA, Emmrich. : , . 1, Copy of the figure given by Burmeister, Organization d biten, pl. 2, fig. 11. 4 . Acrpaspis Bucui, Barrande. x (SELENOPELTIS STEPHANI, Corda.) Pie. 2. a entire. ee after pany a cit., pl. aT, fig. Plate III. = le MT Mi Re Fi MW TOES, if Gecoeee Sha at can WI OUTS 1 CERATOCEPHALA. NOTE ON CORONURA ASPECTANS, CONRAD ‘Sp.), The Asaphus diurus, Green. Ss By J. M. CLARKE. Communicated to the State Geologist December, 1890. The species Asaphus aspectans was founded by Conrap in 1841* upon a fragment of a cephalon consisting of a free cheek, retaining the lensar surface of the ocular node. This specimen was from the Cor- niferous limestone at Schoharie, N. Y., and was characterized by the ereat elevation of the eye (represented by Conrap as almost semi- cylindrical), the broad and entire marginal border and the coarse tuberculation of the surface. Until the publication of Volume VII of the Paleontology of New York (1888) the name had not been regarded of much value, from the very fact of the obscurity and apparent insuf- ficiency of the original specimen. Professor Hatt had reproduced in the Fifteenth Annual Report on the State Cabinet of Natural History’ (p. 88, 1862) Conrav’s brief diagnosis and his figure, and in a short note of observations refers to a second specimen, curiously enough almost the duplicate of the original; both of these specimens, left free cheeks, are figured on plate 13 of the volume of the Paleontology of New York referred to. In the study of the Upper Helderberg trilobites made in the preparation of this work it became evident that the large pygidia, not infrequent at some outcrops of the Corniferous limestone, characterized by rows of conspicuous marginal spines and a crescentic posterior extremity, and which were currently referred ' to the species described by Professor Hatt as Dalmania Helena, or that by Mr Meex as Dalmania Ohioensis, had possessed a cephalon, the eye and cheek of which must have closely conformed to that described as Asaphus aspectans. The evidence, however, that these different parts represented but a single species was rather slender, notwithstanding the fact that so much confidence was there felt of this probability that all these pygidia were referred to Conran’s species. The argument was on this wise: Professor Hatt’s D. Helena was based upon a poorly preserved pygidium from the Falls of the * Fifth Annual Report on the Palzontology of the State of New York, p. 49, plate, fig. 9. 14 Oe ibaa a 5 iyi ben eb Se ey a | 106. | Forry- FOURTH RE epi "Ei Sr. UM, df Sg Aan Ohio (see op. cit. plate 13, fig. 1), nto whic all ‘the “marginal ae terminal spines Mage lost and the pustulous surface worn ee) } Marblehead, Ohio, was & He seiinaitrarl the surface of Wintec: was also wee smooth, but retained the marginal spines. An abundance of ‘thei pygidia from Ohio and various localities in New York (especi ially from the Lime Rock quarries near Le Roy) rendered their specific identity beyond question. In some material from Ohio which had been loaned by Dr. NewBerry was a single fragment, on nearly one-half of a cephalon, from the Corniferous ine Ki Columbus. This retained one very large and greatly elevated e and showed agreement with the original of Asaphus aspectans in the features known. There was no other known trilobite in the rocks to which this cephalon could be referred with any confide: of accuracy, and hence it was presumed that this was the cepha u belonging to the pygidia passing under the names of D. Helena and D. Ohioensis. Its identity with Asaphus aspectans was beyo 1d contravention. ii in the fall of this year by Mr. ee L. Argy, of Rochester, N.7 _ the quarries at Lime Rock. It consists of two portions, the inta ___ retaining the crust, and none of the important parts are missing. — details of structure are well retained, the thinness of the crust shi ___ ing even the finer tuberculations of the surface. This animal, jud; from the dimensions of the pygidium, appears to be of about : aver: size, having a length to the extremity of the horns of the poste: erescent of 53 inches. To this must be added a fraction d to the slight compression of the posterior portion of _ fully 52 inches. The character of the cephalon contig a every respect the identification made in Volume VII. The margin border is very broad, narrowing into short cheek-spines, nsea a The margin itself is regular and uninterrupted, as in Daigle m3 ; Calypso, Hatz, of the same fauna, and in D. micrurus, GREEN, ____ the Lower Helderberg; not crenulated as in the Lower Helder! _ D. pleuroptyx, Greex, the Schoharie grit species, D. anchiops, G nor spined for its entire extent, as in D. dentatus, Barrert, of the L OE ee gugeeheatea nor baculiferous, as in D. regalis, Hatt, of — des: REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 107 anterior arc as in OponrocepHatus. The eye-lobes are high, the eyes themselves large and elevated. The anterior lobe of the glabella is low, somewhat pentagonal in outline and its definition from the ante- rior border unusually indistinct. As in most of the Datmanrrzs of 8 ' this fauna the lateral members of the first and second pair of lobes “are coalesced not only with each other but to a very considerable degree with the eye-lobes. The lateral extensions of the facial suture lie in deep grooves in their passage over the cheeks. The thorax presents no additional features of importance, except that the segments are considerably produced at their lateral extremities, and termirate in sharp points, without showing well-defined articulating faces. In this specimen, however, the marginal spines of the pygidium are remarkably short, while usually in the New York specimens they are larger than in those from the Corniferous limestone of Ohio. The term- inal spines, also, are relatively quite broad and stout and bear on their outer margins three spinules. As far as can be ascertained there is no evidence of erect spines on the crescentic border as in the allied species Coronura myrmecophorus, Grezn, but the structure of the posterior crescent shows how closely this form approximates the latter species. The structure of Mr. Conran’s species, Asaphus aspectans (which is now to be referred to the genus Coronura, proposed in Volume VII of the Paleontology of New York), is established, and it has probably never before happened in the history of discussions upon the trilo- bites that a species at once so imposing in its proportions and so _ characteristic of its founa, has been virtually reconstructed from So insignificant a fragrant, with a meager and imperfect description of that. We believe, however, that Conrap’s term must yield to an earlier one of Dr. Grezen’s, Asaphus diurus,a name which has never been accepted, from certain imperfections in the original description. This species was proposed in the American Journal of Science and Arts, _ 1839 (vol. xxxvii, No. 1, p. 40, July), under the title ‘“ Description of _ portion of the description is reproduced: 4 Pa ee Se ee be, i py at a New Trilobite.” In order to apprehend its value, the essential “Clypeo? costis striatis, tuberculatio; cauda bipartita; corpore . depresso. : «The fragments of this Asaph which I have examined, consist of nineteen articulations of the abdomen and tail. ‘The costal arches of the lateral lobes are very peculiar. They are marked by a shallow groove, or impressed line on their upper surface, studded on each side with quite a 108 ‘our FOURTH Ruport on THE & Srare . , regular row of bead-like granulations. Oh di divisio 0 of aah: al column, there is but a single row of pustulations. The lunate caudal one more expanded than in the cognate species, the A. Selenurus, and th concave side of the crescent is more, regularly rounded ; the whole anima much more depressed than that species, and the lateral lobes are much ea or in proportion to the middle lobe of the back. ; “There are two specimens of this fine species in the cabinet « ‘William Wagner, Esq., of Philadelphia, both of which were found € Green county, Ohio, in the neighborhood of Xenia. The largest whic . measures two,inches long and two and a half inches wide, is a plas cast from a weather-beaten natural mould; the other occurs in a gr ‘sparry argillaceous limestone rock. It is perhaps worthy of rem that all the specimens of the Asaph with a lunate tail, which Ih - noticed, were natural moulds, made by the animal in the rock, tl shell or body having disappeared.” f* This description was unaccompanied by any illustrations; th portion, however, that we have underlined is a cogent delineation the characters of the pygidium of Dalmanites aspectans. hardly to be mistaken. There are but three species of crescent: trilobites, of the size here indicated, that are now known; Asa 2 Odontocephalus selenurus, Asaphus or Dalmanites myrmecophorr _ Asaphus or Dalmanites aspectans. Of these Dr. Green had him described two, though the first is usually referred to Haron, who { lished it in the same is They are all members of the same ae | in neither these nor any other American palzozoic fauna, exeep _ Corniferous, is there any trilobite which even remotely sugecehe) above description. . : The nineteen articulations of the axis of the pygidium, which Ps haps from its unusual size the author considered as “abdomen 2 al tail,” the grooving of each pleura by a fine impressed line, on e: ils. The Gamniasoes limelienp ines not occur near - Sate ae in Green county, Ohio; but an error of this kind is ther surprising. No one’s knowledge of the geology of Ohio n attained this degree of discrimination; of the origin of the ns the author had no personal knowledge; they had come to ugh the hands of a collector, upon the accuracy of whose | EXPLANATION OF PLATE Iv. i - Coronvra priurus, Green (sp.) Outline drawing of the only entire individual known. | A e i i vy > ‘ * A ee t \ ; { j ¢ pS } i | i By : r ; ‘ , a g ; i { \ y y } f } \ i e: j ‘ % Si i : ‘ Mee Maa ’ "i 13 ' at sig | } ‘ Beit ; AWS “t a A } fyi ae pty wy Plate IV. CORONURA DIURUS, GREEN. OBSERVATIONS ON THE TERATASPIS GRANDIS, Hall, The Largest Known Trilobite. By J. M. CLARKE. Communicated to the State Geologist December, 1890. Trilobites of great size have been reported from various forma- tions. With rare exceptions, however, these relics are but fragments of the test, leaving to the imagination the restoration of the original proportions of the animal, and without an earnest mental effort one is apt to leave the contemplation of the large fragment with no ade- quate conception of the imposing lineaments of its owner. Indica- tions of these gigantic forms occur in all the grand faunas of the Palzeozoic, with the exception of the Carboniferous where diminution in numbers was accompanied by diminution in size, or, in other words, by the prevalence of genera in which great size was never attained. Almost with the earliest known appearance of the Trilobites the genus Parapoxipes attained magnificent proportions. Paradoxides Harlam, the well-known species of the Braintree argillites, must have grown to a length of 18 inches. Awngeexin has figured an entire speci- men of P. Tessini 12 inches in length, and Barranpe a fragment of an individual of P. imperialis which must have had about the same size. Mr. G. F. Martuew has described a nearly entire individual of an immense P. regina from the St. John beds, 15 inches long and 12 inches across the base of the cephalon, and it is claimed, with undoubted accuracy, that this is the largest undismembered specimen of a trilobite found in any country. | In the second faunas great Asaphids were not uncommon. As early as 1839 Dr. Joun Looxz described in the report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, a portion of an immense pygidium to which he gave the name Jsotelus maximus. In 1843 Dr. Locke figured an entire indi- vidual of what he considered the same species, changing the name, however, to Jsotelus megistus. This specimen measured nine and three- quarters inches in length. The figure was accompanied by outlines of two large pygidia, the greater of which was that referred to in 1839, which, the author says, coincided “ with the end of an ellipse 22 inches long and 12 inches broad.” This is an evidently much compressed fragment, measuring seven inches in its greatest transverse diameter, and assuming this as the greatest diameter of the pygidium and 112 Vosee vere Report on’ THE Srare Mo BO. restoring the length from the phopee tions of the animal as t: given, the original length of its owner would have been about 1 inches. The plate is incomplete on its anterior portion, and’ it probable that the error in this estimate due to the exaggeration < size from compression of the shield, is compensated by the loss | diameter from imperfect retention. This great pygidium, with othe large fragments of the same species, were used as a basis for a w known restoration in plaster to be found in some of the older musi ums of this country. ANnartin has given a restoration of Megalasp heros 14 inches in length and Broaczr estimated the original length of Megalaspis acuticauda to be fully 16 inches. Barranne figured an entire Asaphus nobilis from Etage D which measures 10} inches, Not until the introduction of the genera Datmantrzs, Homatonorus and Licuas do we meet with the most gigantic proportions attained | by these crustaceans, and then only after these genera have becom eos well established. Perhaps none of their representatives in the lowe Silurian faunas were of commanding size; in the upper Silurian larg _ but not extravagant proportions were sometimes attained. Lich . Boltoni of the Niagara fauna, is a magnificent species, one of te largest of its race and remarkable for the frequency with whicl parts are found together, an extremely uncommon occurrence in thin-shelled group. The Lichas pustulosus of the Lower Heldert shaly limestone was a great species attaining a length of 10 inches « - more. Homalonotus delphinocephalus of the Niagara fauna grew ) large size but does not appear to have attained the length of its suc- _ cessor in the Lower Helderberg, H. Vanuxemi, which, according to - restoration from a very large fragment given in the Paleontology a New York, Volume VII (plate V B) grew to a length of at least 114 : . inches. Satter has mentioned (Paleontographical Society, vol. x e -p. 109) a large fragment of Homalonatus rudis which he estimates m y _ have been a foot in length. In later faunas are found traces of t genus of still greater size. Dr. Brvssavsen has figured a pygidium #. gigas from the Spiriferen-sandstein of the Hartz, the possesso is | ees must have been upward of one foot in length. Unquesti ae the largest individual of HomaLonorus known i is that of. Ef. ma na _ areata part of the thorax and wy ae eens and scoring Php fs REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 113 specimen reported, which is about 9 inches in length; some large fragments indicate that the animal was sometimes as long as 11 inches. The size attained by some of the Devonian species of Dat- MANITES and their immediate predecessors was marvelous. The pygidium of D. micrurus figured in the Paleontology of New York, Volume ITI, page 359 (there given as D. pleuroptyx), indicates an individual at least 11 inches in length, and there is reason to delieve that the Lower Helderberg species, D. nasutus and D. tridens, attained a size fully as great. Most remarkable however is the great pygidium of D. myrmecophorus of the Corniferous limestone, figured upon plate XV of Volume VII (op. cit.), which from the restoration there given, made from careful comparative measurements, would imply an individual 16 inches long. An interesting feature of the early Devonian trilobitic faunas is the reappearance of CatymenE in the Schoharie grit and Corniferous limestone, a fact which has been duplicated by the recent description by Dr. Orxuterr of a large species (C. reperta), from the lower Devonian of Saint Malo in Angers. The American Devonian species, C. platys, is not only the latest but the largest known representative of the genus, and for a group which at its maximum development in species and individuals in the Silurian, rarely attained ‘considerable dimensions, the proportions reached by C. platys are especially noteworthy. The entire individuals on plate 1 of Volume VII of the Paleontology show this, and the restoration accompanying a very large pygidium on plate xxv, if accurately drawn, indicates that a length of upward of eight inches was sometimes attained by the species. No larger or more extravagantly ornamented trilobite than the Terataspis grandis, Hall, is known. This giant of its race has left _ fragments of its test in the Schoharie grit of eastern New York, and in the commingled Schoharie and Cornifercus faunas of the Province of Ontario. filifeormisa®: ‘ J. acuminatus Ma. J. marginatus Rostk. Scirpus Smithii Gray. S. atrovirens Muhl. — Eriophorum gracile Koch. | BC ain Sg, Virginicum L. = fen Eleocharis intermedia Schultes. — ( a Carex folliculata L. 1) C. monile Tuck. retrorsa Schw. ‘ak ry * triceps Mx. C. flava L. C laxiflora Lam. C Tuckermani Dew. C vulpinoidea Ma. C. vitilis Fr. ie is a C. straminéa Willd.) ) Sas C. e squamulose pileus, more cxspitose mode of growth, larger i i and farinaceous taste separate it. Its edible quality was * a its flesh is not tender nor its flavor captivating even in it ‘ s * yee oung margin is pure white and both it and the upper. pack os stem are sometimes studded with drops of moisture. The he se les of the pileus are brownish. ; oe ae _-—-s« TPricholoma sordidum Fr. seer red ground. Menands, Albany ae May. re ts a ant te Nees Clitocybe rivulosa Pers. ea wor ds. Morehouseville, Hamilton county. J ae fas i. paemens were rather hee umbilicate, with narrow surface of the vesicle, spores ile globose, smooth, 00008 1 Pied Fa ; ee goal not from hoarseness. It pac to be cold, and 7G n a warm bath, but it died the following night. Upon cut- : the ‘gua the fungus was found. _its occurrence within : (0002 to .0003 in. sig 0001 to 00012 scale Reset of cucumber tree, Magnolia acuminata. aca” Bee SON Be ot tea ‘ ’ 188 Forry-rovrru Report on run Srare er (ne Diplosporium breve 7. sp. ~Hyphe., cespitose, short, sparingly branched, white; spar oblong, uniseptate, slightly constricted at the septum, coloriers . .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad. a On some effete Spheria. Redfield. July. Ditecain Ungeri Cd. Living leaves of northern buttercup; Ranunoulus septentrionalis. Redfield. July. Ramularia destruens n. sp. (Plate 4, figs. 4 to 6.) : a Tufts amphigenous, minute, gregarious, white, the hypheze extremely short, .0002 to .0004 in. long; spores elliptical or oblong | colorless, 0002 to -0005 in. long, . .00012 to .00015 broad. ( pond, Adirondack mountains. J aly. ‘This is a very destructive fungus. It quickly discolors and kills the leaves. The discoloration in most cases appears to progress from the apex toward the base of the leaf, which soon assumes a brown and dead appearance as if burned by fire. The effect i somewhat similar to that produced in the foliage of the apple an pear by the “blight.” Nearly all the leaves were killed on Ai tree from which our specimens were taken. : : The fruiting part of the fungus breaks out here al there on the s dead leaves, but it is not abundant. The mischief is apparent due to the rapidly spreading mycelium. ‘The species is one of the most minute of the genus, and is easily overlooked, though the effect of its work in the leaves is painfully evident. Ramularia Junci n. sp. spores very slender, straight or curved, often slightly narro ve toward one end, .001 to .002°in. long. Living leaves of Juncus marginatus. Selkirk. June. Ramularia graminicola n. sp. (Plate 4, figs. 1 to 3.) ae small, numerous, , irregular or eG pall, ” or Tees ee paced * uae cae sometimes’ ao spuriously uniseptate, colorless, .001 to .0014 in. long. < ae ig =i eae ey Ramularia Heraclei ‘Sace. Pisaves of cow parsnip, Heracleum lanatum. Morehouse- Cercosporella Veratri 7. sp. (Plate 4, figs. 7 and 8.) duly. | Bispora effusa n. sp. __ , (Plate 4, figs. 15 to 17.) a black somewhat velvety stratum; hyphe erect, .0002 broad. Cladosporium entoxylinum Cd. ' Septonema episphericum Nn. Sp. : : confluent blackish -brown ; Be and chains of spores 00 “eae ised c or Te bicanee. : bat On apts eer Ades Morehouseville, J uly. Coniothecium effusum Cd. ying chestnut wood, Conklingville. September. : gh eee or elliptical, blackish, slightly frosted a the | i d wood of sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. Adon ort icated wood of spruce, Picea nigra. Wilmurt lake. July. a ye leaves of Indian poke, Verateuan Wea e Re Sa Brod. forming chains of spores; spores oblong, unisep- : A constricted at the septum, .0005 to .0006 in. long, “ie sia ta tesa Bit sa dein Ne i ‘ ty sf a3) 2 : ji : ba ks vies } } ‘Ge : f t ! Re Gon y say z tie 140 ForryY-FroURTH REPORT ON THE Sta TE Mo, Epicoccum vulgare Cd. Living or languishing leaves of arrowhead, Sagittaria vartabiaee Carrollton. September. Our specimens belong to var. pallescens a Rabenh. Epicoccum diversisporum Preuss. Decorticated wood of spruce. Wilmurt lake. July. Notwith. % standing the great diversity between the habitat of our fungus and — of the typical form of the species to which we have referred it, the agreement with the description 1 is so close that we dare not separate our plant. The spores in it vary from .0003 to .0008 in. in i Rarely it is not seated on a red spot. ‘It grows in company with Cladosporium entoxylinum. Ca ‘ Valsa microstoma Fr. Branches of wild red cherry, Prunus Pennsylvanica. " Hewitt 8 pond, Adirondack mountains. July. hee Valsa cooperta Cke. Dead branches of elm, Ulmus Americana. Sandlake. June. sf ‘ Eutypella cerviculata Sacc. Lyndonville. Fairman. Carrollton and Bethlehem. Septembe Diaporthe binoculata Sace. Dead branches of cucumber tree, o agnolia acuminata. Carr ton. September. | . | Our specimens differ from the docceetien of D. Since oe in black circumscribing line which sometimes penetrates the we ‘slightly. The spores also are a little smaller than the dimensi given for those of that species, but in other respects the agreem: is so well sustained that our plant is probably not specifically di tinct. The spores in it are .0006 to .0007 in. long, about .0003 broa Itis sometimes associated with Spheeronema Magnolic. The ty] Dinpovike tuberculosa ‘Sacc. ped trunk of June berry, Amelanchier Canadensis. Carre : September. mit Ua gs le Perithecia 02 to -025 in. ‘broad, a little lar Be tk | " Diaporthe rostellata Nitsch. aaa of blackberry, Rubus villosus. Menands. July. Also on | ee ‘stems of Rubus odoratus. Salamanca. | ys Th s may be considered a noxious fungus. The plant found = = A lackberry stems had surrounded the stem with a pallid spot = ova 1 oe all the plant above this spot. The asci are ne he t pleuewthie Americana Speg. 4: 1d branches of cucumber tree. Carrollton. September. 4 ae R ublished description of this species is incomplete the a n the specimens from which it was made being immature. ecimens they are narrowly fusiform, acute at each end, a a: ays x i y 2 loam Massaria epileuca B. & C. a Diy branches of red mulberry, Morus rubra, Saugerties. May. . ea 7 Caryospora minor n. sp. (Plate 4, figs. 18 to 21. ) uehely icibsoa 0018 to .002 in. ‘logs 0005 broad. oF ane nut. Albany. Metaspheeria nuda n. sp. hecia ae ovate or conical, submembranous, scattered | aie ran ae hs c = te Bs = i iy Ok Thalictrum purpurascens J. var. ceriferum Aust, , 142) - Forry-Fro URTH Rerorr on THE en wo UsEUM : colorless, 0004 to .0005 in. long. ville, Essex county. June. Pleospora Asparagi Reb. Dead stems of asparagus, Asparagus officinalis. Menands. Apri This species appears scarcely to differ from P. herbarwm excep : in the fewer septa of the spores. Lophiostoma vagans Fab. ‘ Dead ‘stems of Lonicera tartarica. Lyndonville. July. hon Stictis minuscula Karst. Dead twigs of spruce, Picea nigra. Redfield. ‘July. Pseudopeziza Pyri n.. sp. Cups scattered, minute, .014 to .021 in. broad, hypophiyiiga erumpent, surrounded by the laciniately ruptured. epidermis, brownish when moist, blackish when dry, the margin incurved : _ bymenium whitish or grayish-white; asci subcylindrical, .002 ‘to .0024 in. long ; spores biseriate, oblong, straight or ches curve Fallen leaves of mountain ash, Pyrus sambucifolia Caseade- Saccharomyces Betulez Pk. & Pat. (Plate 2, figs. 16 and 17.) | Conidia variable, elliptical, oblong or subcylindrical, often forn ing submoniliform strings of cells .0003 to .0008 in. long, .0 broad, intermingled with slender mycelial threads, the whol forming a thin whitish gelatinous stratum. Sap moistened cut surface of a. birch stump, Betula lutea. Baltimore, Greene county. May. | This is a curious species, apparently related to S. albicans, : peculiar and aberrant in ee distinct hyphe. (D) REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS - Fishkill mountains. June. Cirnictfaga racemosa Nutt. . Common i in the Highlands and in the southwestern part of th - State. It is rare in the eastern and northern parts. ae shortens itself pati NY iP NE itself to ditttiniching water or to draw the ovary beneath the surface to mature sneria spiralis does the same thing. Fruiting specimens bay Corydalis flavula DC. G en pond, one mile east of Jamesville. Prof. L. M. Underwood. 2 Lychnis véspertina Sibih. m King station. June. Stellaria media Smith. i It often. lives through iis) “were. collected in April iu bearing an abundance and mature fruit. The plants were procumbent, Be A . oy for that occurs later in the season. The fields where these — ol aspect was quite unlike that of the more erect Tae pee | ) ‘were in a the et summer, but the seeds ges Rr Linum Virginianum Le. 2 July. Tt is not rare to find two to four plants growing : a the same root, and the old stem of last year’s growth standing g them, thus indicating a perennial character. a ‘Rubus hispidus L. var. BU er te Ne Vor. yy ones, the leaflets thin, broadest 1 in the middle, jolts mage “ eies one five-foliate on the young Fe trifoliglan om i Pare Y J af i): . sai Sta, MM 7 ait rayne ‘ F dip ? ali :) ‘ aia: i j £3 m ‘ We Oey / | had ; ah eG y dis . Ap, 144 Forry-rovrtu Reporr on THE Srare Me USEUM ak shoots are perfectly erect and nearly always have’ fer avee a either completely five-foliated or the lateral leaflets deeply two- Ei) lobed, so that were it possible to overlook the dense coat of bristles with which the stem and petioles are clothed they might easily be a ; mistaken for a small growth of Rubus villosus. The old stems — usually become recurved as in R#. occidentalis, and have the leaves of the flowering branches trifoliate. The peduncles and pedicels are . mostly bristly and the sepals mucronate pointed. The plants grow from one to two feet high. Were the species of Rubus disposed to : hybridize as some claim for R. occidentalis and R. strigosus, it might be asserted that this is a hybrid between R. villosus var. fron-— dosus and R. hispidus, the former, giving character to the leaves et / ams: and the mode of growth, the latter to the clothing of the stem. e :.. considered a*variety rather theh a RHA. The Caroga plant notieaul : a in the Thirty-eighth report is the same thing. It approaches — variety setosus T. & G. in some respects, but its thin leaves and more erect habit distinguish it. n ‘Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel. _ Plentiful at the outlet of Cheney pond. August. Lythrum alatum Pursh. Apparently well established in a pasture near Selkirk. Opuntia vulgaris Will. In grassy ground on the summit of a high hill in Colwniie county, four miles south of Hudson, is a Station for this plant. The hill is locally known as Mount Merino, and the plants are scatterec over an.area several rods in extent. The plants mostly exhibit th characters that would place them under O. Rajinesquii, but in some the short leaves of O. vulgaris are present. I therefore leave the species for the present under the name applict to it by Dr. Torn in the State Flora. -Galium triflorum Mz. 3 Heateeor R P: ‘Thomas informs me that this common pla popularly known as “sweet-scented bed straw,” has recent acquired considerable celebrity among some of the inhabitants - Montgomery county, because of its medicinal qualities. ub 8g reported that an aggravated case of dropsy, which had been-pro- nounced by the physicians hopeless and incurable, was Bane by 4 ‘el 3 vf Aster undulatus L. ei ‘ 7 f ‘ ek ial ts wee sti strongly marked form occurs near Cussiliton: in which the ‘ RS e mostly lanceolate with the margins very much curled or _ uy Aster Novi-Belgii ZL. gh ye a is River, Adirondack mountains. August. | oH a é yin Antennaria plantaginifolia Hook. a ar form was collected in Sandlake, Rensselaer county. : ce r heads are three to five, mostly four, racemosely placed 2 ices 8 of a half inch or more. The stem is very slender, about: : ~ Rudbeckia triloba L : e flower occurs in several places eve the road between | margin of lakes. Hewitt’s pond and Clear lake, Adirondack — 150 Forry-rourtH Reporr on THE Stare Museum The following species and varieties are extra limital. ‘Having 4 been sent to me for identification, and finding no description appli- me, cable to them, I place them on record here. a Tricholoma maculatescens n. sp. Pileus compact, spongy, reddish-brown, convex then éxpianatal ia obtuse, even, slightly viscid when wet, becoming rivulose and brown-spotted in drying, flesh whitish, margin inflexed, exceeding a the lamelle; lamellez slightly emarginate, rather narrow, cinereous; © ae stem spongy-fleshy, equal, sometimes abruptly narrowed at the base, ‘ its solid, stout, fibrillose, pallid or whitish; spores oblong or subfusi- Ee form, pointed at the ends, uninucleate, .0003 in. long, .00016 broad. 2} Pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 6 to 9 lines thick. “is Among fallen leaves in deciduous woods. Ohio. October and ay November. A. P. Morgan. | ae This appears to be related to 7. éransmutans pee Hse flavobrun- v -neum, but may be distinguished from them by the spotting of the a pileus and the shape of the spores. > Bi i. a Agaricus campestris L. Var. griseus. FPileus pale-gray, silky, shining; annulus evanescent. i Winchester, Virginia. October. 7. Taylor. fn i This mushroom, though quite different in appearance from the ordinary forms of A. campestris, is scarcely more than a variety. &, °l Its spores are of the same size and character as in that species. It . a. is eaten freely by the inhabitants of Winchester. . ; Armillaria mellea Vahi. ‘ ‘ Var. radicata. Stem penetrating the ground deeply with a | tapering, root-like prolongation. ak a 2 London, Canada. J. Dearness. a The root-like prolongation of the stem is aiecoee of that seen x in Collybia radicata, but in all other respects the plant is A. melee, Be ye (E) NEW YORK SPECIES OF TRICHOLOMA ae eee Fr. . stem fleshy, not soem” ¥ wee ae ‘4 pee THB : Sane Boramist ee ty a ait ape | Ree a Heals. pilot eee a ae ake or Ai fleshy oe spores. The veil is usually very slight, ‘consisting hering to the margin’ of the pileus, and it is not often le except in the young plant. The pileus is often thick umbonate but Caled umbilicate.. The genus is. distin- Bi That. for ely all its species erow on the aot e of the species are known to be edible and probably many are. None are known to be absolutely poisonous. rh species were arranged by Fries in two series, one of which “y | ras composed of four tribes, the other of three. One tribe in each ~- — ee 31s yet unrepresented in our Flora. The principal distinguish- __ atures of the series and tribes are found in the pileus. Key ro THe ‘TRIBES : aie Pileus punctate-granulose or adorned with ‘smooth nh | Ree a 4 ajelde'a's! dh acco th eee alae 4 Aen ean de a 3 Pileus compact, then spongy, Bubeade, Moist] Soo4 Aes a oa 3. Pilous th thin, hygrophanous. He RHUL MNL pee EYE Pre OE orapw a ae } SERIES A : age: eus viscid when moist, squamose, fibrillose, granulated or silky, glabrous, its flesh firm, not spongy, watery or hygrophanous; — fibrillose. ‘ | Limacina eus Pineal ehh moist, either innately fibrillose, or squamulose, & ee pay fleshy, not hygrophanous, the margin almost 152 Rorty to URTH Rerorr « on THE Beare Moseom other tribes by their viscid pileus. They are divided into two ) a groups, in one of which the Pat are aachaneey in color or do se Pe aamMolles VieltOWs,'s ds ° / Albany he August. species is sb tose 3p for its varied, colors and for the peculiar’. Tricholoma imbricatum fr. ; - IvpricateD TRICHOLOMA ae aia 56. ‘Syl. Fung., Vol. V, p. 101.) E 20st Bante. rather ‘alae white aa young, eeaeel radians a : | i htica: stem solid, firm, nearly equal, fibrillose, white and mies mea ye or Rago at oe top, elsewhere colored like the eer. i: 4 : -Tricholoma vaccinum Pers. Vaccine 'TRICHOLOMA . (Hym. EKurop., p. 56, Syl. Fung., Vol. V., p. 102.) Rhy ie a ‘eae convex or Ss aie oe oes pe we In the Aeneas plant the pileus is siiaskaneee ps 4 ; ad th eee fibrils and sometimes becomes aetna nel 4 Tt Is not always umbonate. Jt has a farinaceous taste. : ment. The plants are sometimes gregarious, sometimes regular, more floccose- squamulose and often with avery small umbo Catalogue is ‘the same thing. Nees: - _ pileus also are pure white is considered by Fries as a subspecies ‘of +t 162 Ponrrrovnry Report ON THE Srare Mu USEUM Both it and the preceding species are Sowhat gregarious gaa ies occur in the same localities. They are especially found in groves or thickets of young spruce trees. Tricholoma terreum Scheff. EARTH-COLORED TRICHOLOMA (Hym. Europ., p. 57. Syl. Fung., Vol. V, p. 104.) oo Pileus fleshy, thin, soft, convex campanulate or nearly plane, — obtuse or umbonate, innately fibrillose or floccose-squamose, cinere- ous fuscous grayish-brown or mouse-color, flesh white or whitish; — lamellze adnexed, subdistant, more or less eroded on the edge, white _ becoming cinereous ; stem equal, varying from solid to stuffed Ome : hollow, fibrillose, white or whitish ; spores broadly elliptical, 00024. to .00028 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick. Woods. Albany, Rensselaer and Cattaraugus counties. Septem ber to November. Raay Var. fragrans un. var. Pileus innately fibrillose, obtuse, odor farinaceous. Dutchess county. nny This is a very variable species and European authors do not fully — agree upon the characters that belong to it. According to Fries — it is subinodorous, but Stevenson says it is inodorous. One 3 author describes the spores as “nearly spherical,” .0002 in. long, another says they are .00024 to .00028 in. long, .00016 broad. _ The spores of our plant agree closely with the latter measure- — nt cespitose. The larger forms often have the pileus obtuse — fibrillose or squamulose and less regular, the smaller ones more or papilla. I find this form especially in pine woods. It varies” considerably in color and is a pretty little plant. The varity x _ fragrans is generally a little larger and is edible, though it eee somewhat of the farinaceous. flavor. This appears to be common TT. argyraceum Bull., in which the Aaaeds wa commonly the | oe T. terreum. T. argyreum Kalchb. he thinks is the same as Bulliard’s : By los is atrosquamosum Chev., in which the whitish or cinereous: a “a its aah: in which the lamelle have a rosy-red my are also n mado _ subspecies of 7’ ferreum by Stevenson. ane REPORT oF THE STATE BOTANIST 163 Tricholoma fumescens Pk. Smoky T'RICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 31, p. 32.) Pileus convex or expanded, dry, clothed with a very minute appressed tomentum, whitish; lamelle narrow, crowded, rounded behind, whitish or pale cream color, changing to smoky-blue or blackish where bruised; stem short, cylindrical, whitish; spores oblong-elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long. Pileus 1 in. broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. high, 2 to 3 lines thick. Woods. Columbia county. October. Rare. The species is remarkable for the smoky or blackish hue assumed by the lamellz when bruised and also in drying. It is apparently related to 7. immundum Berk., but in that species the whole plant becomes blackish when bruised, and the lamellze are marked with transverse lines and tinged with pink. Tricholoma fuligineum Pzé. Soory TRICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 41, p. 60.) Pileus convex or nearly plane, obtuse, often irregular, dry, minutely squamulose, sooty-brown, flesh grayish, odor and taste farinaceous; lamellze subdistant, uneven on the edge, cinereous becoming blackish in drying; stem short, solid, equal, glabrous, cinereous; spores oblong-elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 broad. Pileus 1 to 2.5 in. broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick. Among mosses in open places. Greene county. September. Rare. : Rigida Pileus rigid, in compact species hard and somewhat cartilaginous, in thinner species very fragile, the margin naked, the pellicle of the pileus rigid, punctate granulate, or broken up when dry into small smooth scales, neither viscid, floccose-scaly nor torn into fibrils. No representative. Sericella Pileus at first slightly silky, soon becoming glabrous, very dry neither moist, viscid, hygrophanous nor distinctly scaly, rather thin, opaque, absorbing moisture, but the flesh of the same color as the lamellz; stem fleshy, fibrous. 1. fallax and T. infantile are somewhat moist in wet weather, but are placed in this group because of their manifest nearness to species belonging to it. The same is true of 7’. albiflavidum. ' ie ea Me La Ble Misha ES ae | vt Nae A ye Sans Seas 5 Pgh in AP ree Are ay ft ae : a . My wh rr yn Ny ae My ae ¥" a ra + + May ay & riey. Shan ba Wi J aay ee 4 0 SOs Foie a a at ie eee WA a 7 ‘ y \ ": : Baar gh at a Sa Forry-rovrrn Reporr on THE Spare Mo Poe Pileus white or whitish, often darker on the disk or amb. Pileus some other color.......... Sn OES, «are Sd ce a Pileus acutely, umbonate,..\y-\7 dbs g beeen eee tee - subacutum, 1. Pileus not acutely umbonate................ See eS ee at i 2. Lamelle subdistant ........... athe wae: 5 =o Satine 0G 2b aaa oo Mnamelles crowded. 2... fc440 eine wae a cia Gag eae | 3. Plant inodorous, pileus wholly white...............- silvaticum. Be. 3. Plant with a strong odor, pileus darker on the disk.. terrzolens. ‘ 4. Stem slightly bulbous .......... oe a Ne oe ne albiflavidum. 4° Stem notiat all bulbowsy aie he eat ee So tata Jascivum. oh OCCT SOL ss wedi ice 5 Mia eileen thd Oe als RNY Ji fc a lite algae ERO STEL LTO UNO NV i> fo 2d 2 0 do al A A ee Se ae egies “Cars Gea : 6. Lamellee white, pileus pale tan nals Sa she cea Nae lcci © 6. Lamelle and pileus yellowish... ......... : chrysenteroide 7 oamelles yellow... .\2 p22 Nae scl ee pe 5 Pa i's ree 7. Lamelle whitish =~ a al Re a Mie ale w= ai nie al conti a Tricholoma subacutum Pk. SuBACUTE 'T'RICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 42, p. 16.) . % - Pileus at first ovate or broadly conical, then convex and bane umbonate, dry, silky and obscurely virgate with minute innate jibr si whitish, tinged with smoky-brown or bluish-gray, darker on the _. umbo, flesh white, taste acrid or peppery; lamelle rather clo slightly adnexed, white ; stem equal, stuffed or hollow, silky fibrill _ white; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, ao to 0003 long, .0002 to .00025 broad. | Pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad; stem 2 to 4 in. ea 3 to 6 lines ae ye, be Woods and groves. Essex county. ee : x stem and hot or peppery taste. The Canale is separable from -pileus. | . Tricholoma silvaticum Ph. Woop TRICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 42, p. 17). _ Pileus convex or nearly plane, dry, glabrous, Epp bveane 3 ~ lamellz broad, ventricose, subdistant, adnexed, white ; stem sub- . a ee solid, white; spores rather aye elliptical, 00045, to .00 c long, 0008 broad. ae i eae Beonads in ey Essex pe ‘Sopeni| ibeighialowia terreeolens Pk. EARTH-SMELLING TRICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep, 38, D, 84.) i Sion eve is the stem radicating or the disk tinged with remains in the mouth and throat a long time. Tricholoma lascivum Fr. Disaustinac TRICHOLOMA nh (Hym. Europ., p. 65, Syl. Fung., Vol. V., P- 1122) 8 thin, ¢ convex or ee Hee slightly ets whitish s 10 ip 15 lines broad ; ee 1tol. Bi in. long, about 2 ee thick. to : ground hemlock, Taxus Canadensis. cunts oun: a in that species. The odor is decidedly earthy, resembling oe : egetable mold or mossy rocks. Its taste is similar to its " es ¥ : fleshy, convex or nearly plane, obtuse, at length somewhat on ae yikes abunde: Se eecabae | European plant has the pileus pallid-tan color and has a was nearly w white. ; ae hy ee ipioluiie albiflavidum Pk. YELLOWISH-WHITE ‘TRICHOLOMA | _(N. Y. State Cabinet Rep., 23, p. 75.) : even, white sometimes tinged with yellow, the margin at first 5 5 fi flesh. white ; lamelle narrow, crowded, thin, emarginate, | : silky, then glabrous, even, whitish or pale tan color, the ie t first involute, flesh white ; lamelle adnexed, thin, crowded, {che Tn our plant there was no marked odor and the pileus i . ms fleshy, convex, becoming plane or slightly depresse a ee esl white; stem eins solid, ibnllonsbinee media bulbous, whi spores elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad; stem 8 to 4 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick. | Woods and fields. Essex and Rensselaer counties. _ August. This species is very closely allied to the preceding one of which it is perhaps only a variety. It is separable by the pileus which _ varies in color from white to yellowish and by the stem which is’ — slightly bulbous thickened at the base but not radicated. The stem is generally very slender in proportion to the size of the» - pileus. This is sometimes slightly and broadly umbonate. In very if wet weather the pileus is moist but the species has been placed here because of its affinity with 7. lascwvum. | ¢ eicholoan chrysenteroides Pk. GOLDEN-FLESH 'T'’RICHOLOMA © My (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 24, D. 60.) along the upper Le the eta venose; stem equal, | solid, glabrous, fibrous-striate, yellowish without and within ; Sp elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00024 broad. | - Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick. Woods. Lewis and Cattaraugus counties. agg 3 i ich are Si se liet veiny ad not ide: by the entire ohaoner i i cumbo and by its farinaceous odor and taste. | Tricholoma pane Pk. FALLACIOUS © TRICHOLOMA | ae Y. State Mus. Rep. 25,p. 74. Plate 1, ‘figs 5 to 8.) \ “ te oe ach, cn pAliad oe yee. shee : slightly tomentose at the base, equal or tapering downward, _ or hollow, colored like the pileus; spores minute, elliptical ? REPORT OF THE STa4TE BOTANIST - 167 - Pileus 6 to 15 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick. Under spruce and balsam trees. Essex, Lewis, Herkimer and Onondaga counties. August and September. This pretty little agaric is liable to be mistaken for a species of Naucoria, because of its peculiar colors, but its spores are white. It is apparently closely related to 7. cerinum, but the pileus of that species is described as very dry, the flesh white and the stem glabrous at the base, characters which are not well shown by our plant. Because of its affinity to 7. cerinum it has been placed in the tribe Sericella notwithstanding its pileus is moist in wet weather. , Tricholoma infantile Px. INFANTILE TRICHOLOMA (Bulletin N. Y. State Mus., Vol. 1, Number 2.) Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, even, minutely silky, moist in wet weather, reddish-gray, the margin at first incurved and whitish: lamellz subdistant, plane or slightly ventricose, often eroded on the edge, whitish; stem short, equal or tapering upward, hollow, slightly silky, colored like the pileus or a little paler; spores broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad, often containing a shining nucleus. Pileus 4 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick. Gravelly soil in fields. Rensselaer county. June. This small species is apparently related to P. ceelatum, from which it is separated by its pileus which is not at all umbilicate, but on the other hand is sometimes papillate. The stem is fleshy-fibrous and hollow but its cavity is very small. In the larger specimens the margin of the pileus is often wavy or irregular and the edge of the lamellze eroded. This and the preceding species by being somewhat moist in wet weather form a transition to the next Series. SERIES B Pileus glabrous, either watery-spotted, moist or hvgrophanous, not viscid, its flesh very thin or becoming soft or spongy; veil pruinose. Guttata Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, spotted as if by drops or rivulose ; stem solid. Mostly vernal, growing in troops or cxspitose. No representative. . . ee | Bede e Brel Se iat pihaua as becoming spongy, fleshy sate to the margin, obtuse, even, glabrous, moist; stem stout, fibrousspongy, com- monly thickened at the base; lamellae at length spuriously but~ _ sinuately decurrent. Mostly autumnal, growing in es T. album. T. nobile and T. oes laterarium, though having the pileus dry, are placed in this group because of their affinities and their agreement with it in other respects. Pa: Lamelle reticulately connected ........ erties) sath : Lamellee distinct..... 5 NDE Rae atantar Ja Ok wake ah ee a 1. Pileus wholly white or white tinged with yellow rust color. . 1. Pileus some other color ..... ee SE CRS coher ai Bs ae eet Pie povem Hollow... 30's. urna: | | 42. Stem solid vie Margin of the pileus with subdistant short radiating MEO te oh wlan at, EXO ON a ANG DME etal AYO Sige _ 8. Margin of the pileus even .............. SCPE Ay a | yee 4) Lamolls changing color with Age heen .(he eh oe bee R 4, Lamell not changing color..... Beige Weta ASC UL SC tan Se Me Ee Meus 1A DOUG! nierhin disease eid St ANA een ek ucage 5. Pileus minutely pacbinitiae Se ae Waa a Ween Umea ; 6 duamelico at first) violaceous: ¥).\).'. 0). 0d ao eke Rae « @ Lamelle at first white or whitish’) 2.00022... (0 pee Be eS, 7. Lamelle becoming tawny or subochraceous ...........- . era 7. Lamelle not assuming this color...... eR BURN ANE Ea Perris! Piles ereenish(.\.) 6/5. 2. peter tates pee ig gee a AS fy») 8 Pileus smoky-yellow......-....- ae he navines ! 8. Pileus whitish tinged with brown ......... Tricholoma patulum Fr. WIDE ‘TRICHOLOMA ye iia! Europ. p. 69. Syl. Fung., Vol. Vv, D. 125. Olitocybe patuloides. Piece 82, p. 26.) - Pileus ae firm, convex or plane, RA often sere & : or ena elliptical, 00025 he 0003 in. ey See Pileus 1 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 4 to 10 jensen i % Thin woods and groves. Onondaga county. September. dye Jens ie laraelles Soe, joel and on this — : was formerly referred to the genus Clitocybe and. haa x bed # as distinct. The spore characters here given are taken he American plant. . eis he ane ie oe ee ST aed af igh a esha ime 2 ~~ La =e) Tricholoma album Scheff. Waite TRICHOLOMA (Hym. Bane p. 70. Syl. Fung., Vol. v, p. 127.) aaah tough, convex, becoming plane or depressed, guineas ry, even, glabrous, white, sometimes yellowish on the disk, olly yellowish, the margin at first involute, flesh white, id or bitter; lamelle emarginate, somewhat crowded, dis- hite ; stem solid, elastic, equal or tapering upward, externally Be: -obsoletely pruinose at the apex, white ; sere elliptical, ae 00025 in. long. | s 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 4 in. long, 4 to 6 tiie thick. ( Me Common. Albany, Essex, Herkimer, Cattaraugus and > CO vunties. August to October. ; species is variable in color and in size, being sometimes - sometimes slender. It grows singly, in troops or in tufts. ‘no decided odor but a bitter unpleasant taste. It departs character of the tribe in having the pileus quite dry and count, as Fries remarks, it might perhaps be better placed ne tribe Sericella. The same remark is applicable to the two ollowi ‘Species. _ The variety cesariatus differs from the typical rm in aving the pileus thin, and at first silky, the lamelle almost the slender fragile stem somewhat pruinose at the apex. oides, Report 32, p. 25, apparently belongs to this variety. eg Tricholoma nobile Pk. NoBLE TRICHOLOMA AN. Y. State Mus. Rep. 42, p. 17.) od iam na, sox son ics, demnclse broad, rather close, rounded hensane | Pees Lac hily adnexed, white, slowly changing to pale-yellow where ad stem peaual solid, slightly floccose-pruinose, whitish; 2m af 2 t6 Wi in. broad ; oe 1.5 to 2.5 in, Jong, 4 to 8 lines thick, : * ‘ ds. Essex county. September, fi ting ridges, flesh white; lamella narrow, crowded, emargina spores globose, .00018 in. broad. markings on the margin of the pileus Aad by its obese spores. -umbonate, even, moist, at first minutely silky, then glabrous, u hi the margin spreading, naked, flesh white, odor farinaceous; lamell: '.00036 to .0004 in. long, .00028 to .00032 broad, and accord eee a hide or ae color lenin with Bie the ath ce generally smoky-brown; lamelle crowded, subventricose, whi i >a - aft 170 | | Forrv. FOURTH Report on THE Srare I fusevM This plant might easily be mistaken for fb peas so close - resemblance between them, and yet it is quite distinct by its minu though rather obscure squamules, the insertion of the lamelle and. i: the subglobose spores. Its taste is very unpleasant and leaves: a ae burning sensation in the mouth and throat for a long time. ie Tricholoma laterarium Pk. F Smpe-MARKED TricHOLoMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep., 26, p. 51.) Padus convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in the center, pruinose, whitish, the disk often tinged with brick-red 1 i _ brown, the thin margin marked with slight, subdistant, short radia, A decurrent in slight lines, white; stem nearly equal, solid, | Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines ‘ Ris Woods. Otsego and Oneida counties. June and J uly. i Tricholoma leucocephalum, Fr. WHITE-CAP TRICHOLOMA (Hym. Europ., p. 71. Syl. Fung., Vol. v. p. 128.) | Pileus fleshy, thin, tough, convex or plane, obtuse or obt thin, crowded, rounded behind, free, white; stem hollow, glab rooting at the narrowed solid base, subcartilaginous, white. ae - Pileus 1 to 2. 5 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long; 2 to 4 lines thi Pine groves. Green county. September. European authors do not agree in the dimensions ascribed to spores of this species. In Sylloge Fungorum they are said Tanzi they are .0002 to .00024 in. long, .00016 broad. In our | they are of the latter dimensions. . ‘Tricholoma fumidellum, vg Lrrrne-smoxy TRicHOLOMA | (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 26, p. 52.) — er ‘VERS ae -Tricholoma virescens Pk. | Ps, TRICHOLOMA | ue _ aon edad ToL. toward the outer Sxivenaes ar ad or slightly emarginate at the inner, white; stem subequal, | 4 stu ad or hollow, thick but DeEnilo, whitish, sometimes ee with oe is species. The S1évsbion of the Friesian pe oh to ou ope me to restore the original name of this ea 5 f | Tee eek fumosiluteum P2. SMOKY-YELLOW TRIcHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. ‘21, Dp. pee ods Sullivan, Fee che Ulster and Greene counties. ptember. : oi e — when cut, emits a farinaceous Bee The plant some- ot ss In size and sate: character it is related to Pee 8 ve ,. he rae wit t~ “he vive) ert Trae Wy Pay hates +7 > Mee Bn 4 oh rl Ne Ba ‘va hig Soe Vy See, \) i re ? a y it ol 4 y a ha au w Rae Lh ads a as ; ‘ 172. = Forry-rourrn Reporr on THe Stare Muszum Tricholoma personatum Fr. MaskEepD TRICHOLOMA (Hym. Europ. p. 72. Syl. Fung., Vol. V. p. 130.) Pileus compact, becoming soft, thick, convex or plane, obits regular, moist, glabrous, variable in color, generally pallid or cinereous tinged with violet or lilac, the margin at first i involute and villose-pruinose, flesh whitish; lamellz broad, crowded, — rounded behind, free, violaceous becoming sordid-whitish or fuscous; stem generally thick, subbulbous, solid, fibrillose or villose -prui- } nose, whitish or colored like the pileus; spores sordid-white, subel- liptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. | e | _ Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad ; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick. _ , Woods and open places. Common. Albany, Rensselaer, Greene Delaware, Cattaraugus and Madison counties. September anc October. 7 This species is quite variable in color, but easily ieoogee after itis known. The pileus is rarely whitish or cinereous, but usually it exhibits dull violaceous or dingy lilac or fuscous hues and t. _ lamelle are somewhat similar in color. The lamelle are separable _ from the hymenophore and the species has for this reason sometimes | been placed in the genus Lepista. A form occurs in which the stem is fee dod bulbous, and there is also a small form scarcel} attaining the dimensions given above. It grows either singly ori troops, rarely in tufts. It isan edible species with tender and we flavored flesh. ' a hel ‘- i cee f. Bee ay rs eh ea Tricholoma grave Pk. HEAVY TRICHOLOMA | | CNON: State Mus. Rep. 43, p. a : ee rounded behind or sinuate, adnexed, at first what then pale-ochraceous or tawny; stem stout, compact, solid, sv -squamulose, grayish-white, penetrating the soil deeply 5s spc broadly elliptical, .0003 in long, .0002 broad. by _ Pileus 5 to 8 in. broad; stem 4 in. long, | to 1.5 in. thinks Mixed woods. Suffolk county. September. on ‘This species is remarkable for its Braet size and weight. “ amie HS ae Limacin among which T. Colossus is ny | Hygrophana — . : Ss s thin, subumbonate, is ae the flesh at Sait com- BS ish ie Bitter dallonish a) ON paneer 3 tem less than one inch lone sa. Ba aide ods 4) ORO RECS m one inch or more in length ................. sordidum. m oonuill ASW, Sy HORN ea Ae OLE ner PN ies noe Trentonense. — : ra Rad A Regd CS 18 Bice ie TA microcephalum. Ra NS 2 tle wis tate one : a LI he AS Sienna melle alutaceous.............- .. bby NE. . -4. thane Lamellee PIGELEOUS) 0 wale 4.0.5 o> Cait aie aman Ah “hao putidums ay dbamelles yellowish ~.-..---..+4-\..- Aa UES .- Hebeloma. Tricholoma brevipes Bull. SHORT-STEMMED TRICHOLOMA bi _. (Hym. Europ., p.75. Syl. Fung., ie s Dp. 135.) a Oe das seks at the a dow: i ate clip: hee 0008 in. Shes mn. broad. | . sos ee aie . a ee, = ge nee °s > he - ~. —* Tricholoma sordidum Ff’. O45 Paes Sorpip 'TRICHOLOMA > Ee (ym. Europ., p.77. Syl. Fung., Vol..V, p. 139.) ee fn long, .0002 broad. | with those ascribed to 7’. microcephalum. : i Mg Yee Peo nS 4 found since its discovery in 1870. 1742: Forry-rourtH Report on THE Srare “Mose ous; stem equal or slightly thickened at ‘the base, solid or stuffed aC e fibrillose-striate, colored like the pileus, white within ; spores sn | tical. .00024 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1.5 to 2 in. long, 2 to 3 lines thick. Manured ground. Albany county. May. | _It sometimes grows ina crowded subcespitose manner. It has a peculiarly sordid appearance and a strange admixture of colors dif ficult to describe. ‘ Tricholoma Trentonense Pk. TRENTON TRICHOLOMA (N. Y. State Mus. Rep. 24, p. 60.) ~ .00016 road: Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 1. 5 in. long, 3 to 5 aes thick. tember. The plant is gregarious or satimeepitaes It has not beat Tricholoma microcephalum Karst. SMALL-CAP 'TRICHOLOMA Monch fons Vol. V, p. 2h striatulate, becoming pallig spores eabelobose . 0002 bi 00024 Pileus 9 to 14 lines broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 lines dl : Meadows and pastures. Padon ‘county. September. — Our specimens do not pales fully with the Be description. in Meedlogical Illustrations, but the spore characters agree: D t Tricholoma Sienna Pk. YELLOWISH-RED TRICHOLOMA | (N. Y. State Rep. 24, p. 60.) Ki A - Pileus etic: thin, convex then plane or slightly depressed, _ brous, ie yp hanous, mice: striatulate on the extreme : 0 .0008 in. is ponte’ to 0002 bia us 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. jomet 3 to 4 lines thick. Lewis county. September: Tricholoma thujinum Pk. Arpor-VIT& TRICHOLOMA (N. ¥. State Mus. Rep. 26, p. 52.) convex or centrally depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, ceous, the margin generally irregular wavy or lobed; I crowded, thin, abruptly emarginate, alutaceous; stem ] ee at the oD, ac ae hollow, colored. like the Tricholoma putidum Fr. : 2% STRONG-SMELLING TRICHOLOMA (ym. Kurop., Dp. 78. Syl. Fung., Vol. V, p. 140.) somewhat ers hemispherical, umbonate, even, soft, s ‘about 1 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 2 to 3 wae thick. Greene county. September. rae ata Saw York specimens the pileus is not umbonate, but in a Sa spects ne? agHoe well with the description of the pecs Tricholoma Hebeloma ia HEBELOMA-LIKE TRICHOLOMA (N. Y. aca) Mus. Rep. 26, p. 53. ) 7 species are figured on different plates. The old subgen 16 Forry-rovkre Ruporr. oN thitte Peed aera a deeply emarginate, adnexed, yellowish ; stem equal, hollow, glabrous, a pallid; spores .00025 in. long, .00016 broad. ae Pileus about 5 lines broad; stem 1 in. long, about 1 line thick. Woods. Otsego county. July. Agaricus hordus, Rep. 25, p. 73, and Agaricus prefoliatus, Rep. ap 32, p. 55, are both referable to Collybia platyphylla, Br. as large : fleshy-stemmed forms. v: yt Agaricus multipunctus, Rep. 25, p. 73, is scarcely distinct from Clitocybe decora Fr. and is therefore omitted here. Agaricus Schumacheri, Rep. 24, p. 60, proves to be a form of Clitocybe nebularis Batsch. ee Agaricus limonium, Rep. 26, p. 52, is referable to Oollybia ge scorzonerea Batsch. aks Agaricus lacunosus, Rep. 26, p. 51, has a very tough main ane a must be referred to Collybia. \ 4 Agaricus rubescentifolius, Rep. 39, p. 38, has also been shown By later observations to be a species of vole and now Bie as Collybia rubescentifolra. . | Pits (F) | FUNGI OF MARYLAND The fungi recorded in the following pages have been fonulien in i Maryland, and most of them have been illustrated and described in | oe large manuscript volume by Mary E. Banning of Bala Naw Work State Museum, and it has beet made the basis of the fol lowing enumeration. Nearly all the species represented in the vo ume belong to the larger fleshy fungi and are included among th e Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes. Of these, 14 have bee described as new species and these descriptions have been her transcribed for publication that they may thereby be made mor accessible to students of mycology. Remarks have also been freel quoted from the volume when they seemed to have especial intere: or scientific value. The name of each species is followed by th name of the locality where it was found, except in the case of. common ones, and by the number of the plate on which it figured. In sume instances different forms or varieties of on of the former genus Agaricus are here raised to generic rank, accor ing to the plan of Sylloge nicht | ie 4 ; W 5 . th % r re " P mR gt ‘eS <' o yes eye’ . sat s, Reporr ae ee Srare onatine LiFe en 4 | Ra rubescens Pow Druid Hill Park S03, eee Plate 1 a — “ ~ Fastern Maryland ........... Plate 2 Br _ _ Halls Spring near Baltimore.. Plate 3 i ind in woods in every section of Maryland from July if “ eptember, but very variable in size as well as in depth ‘ 4 Plate 2 represents plants collected in Eastern « iP land i in 1870, also in woods near Halls SPEIRS Baltimore nty. Its spores are globose.”’ plants represented on Plate 2 also have the stem Aaah and distinctly adorned below the annulus with wis. . ae : ‘ i? ht me ee PT ae tl ‘These and the globose spores indicate that the Pe ple lant i is worthy of distinction as a variety if not as a species: : E : 42 nant muscaria L. Eastern ARES RN ta’ BP Y hess sna tbe, co ae PS RS ME ie eine Reet, Svan pe Piste 5. 7) th CEE Wits Sao Ae eRe He 20 Plate ae oS @ TERS ack eet es A ee w+¢ses-> Plate, 7 a te 4 represents a large form with pileus yellow; plate 6 - 4 8 small form with pileus brownish, thereby approaching ¥ ay Rey ty umbrina ; plate 7 represents a form wholly white. | 2 at +; have found the scarlet form in the primeval forests of ie ao shore of Maryland. The white form is not so Rte’ nanite Bitiiaris Bull. Carroll foauey | Bees a i: Bho Plate 8 anita s strobiliformis Vit. Druid Hill Park .......... Plate 9 Porc cite | ey SESW near a spring, which ecount for the perfection of the plants. PAL Regie! 3 its from them was delightful, somewhat resembling that r edible A. campestris, but more powerful. The aroma zt n the bulb is even greater than from the pileus.”’ Poe L smanita nitida, ir Halls Sprite) iu. 9. 2. i »?-\ Plate 10.0 A “Common i in nearly every woods i in Maryland.” ~ 7) ae ita phalloides wr Gommon’ a) epi l Ue +s Plate) TL) cag Ams nita verna Bull. Druid Hill Park ...... Me ey ene Plate 12 ie meat spissa Fr. Carroll ernerey fish Sas coy demas | BiMteNeTe . ¢ mee . st ee ee Pe i=) bo ru fate =) © a Ke [Em fa») mM Mo) g (a>) wears is 0005 in. eae ofas shaped ¢ or balloon shaped, with stalk.” ) 23 178 Porry-FrourRTH Report on THE p Sane Mt oseow , Amanita pellucidula n. sp. Balaaons Pilea c£i2 ee A Plate 1 Fa ‘“‘Pileus at first campanulate, then expanded, slightly a : viscid, fleshy in the center, attenuated at the margin, smooth, bright red, deeper at the top, shaded into clear transparent yellow at margin, glossy, flesh white, unchanging; lamelle ventricose, free, numerous, yellow; ring descending, fuga- cious; stem stuffed. I have named this plant ‘pellucidula’ because ofits brightcolor. I could not get the spore measure. It has not appeared since July, 1877. I am now, August 20, 1888, under the impression that itis an aborted form or variety of Amanita cesarea Scop. I have met with several like it, near or in company with more perfect larger forms. The stem is white in most cases, or very pale cream color, always ventricose. Spores the same as those of A. c@sarea.”’ The plant figured differs from the true A. cowsarea in its brilliantly colored pious with even margin and in the white rae q tn eee a! Ae be stem. Amanita cesarea Soop. Common: io. 0s2 4 SO ea 6c Whips 43 ’ Plate eae oe ecoooeoesxeceee @eese eres HOY We a eer © & @ @. ee Plate 1 fT his plant varies greatly in color. Sometimes the pileus _ is bright scarlet with yellow margin, then burnt sienna color with yellowish margin. It varies also in size. It generally appears in July and continues until the last of August, and even into September. Its taste is not disagreeable. * * * There is not one doubt that this fungus can be eaten with impunity. The taste is mild and pleasant, it has no dis- agreeable odor,-and it is plentiful.” \ Amanitopsis vaginata Bull. Druid Hill Park .......... Plate zt ‘ i ed tak Duk cea ioe ae Se a ‘For three successive years I found this fines in Druid Hill Park in one spot, on or about the fifteenth of July. In - 1878 it was missing there, but appeared plentiful in a distant wood. In 1880 it again made its apperance in Druid Hill Park, on the fifteenth of July, and under the same tree. | There was not the slightest variation in the size or color of ; the plants that appeared under this tree during the first three years, neither in 1880.”’ Le ig ~ Amanitopsis volvate Peck. Baltimore. a ORR in te ta Plate Lepiota Americana Peck. “Druid Hill Park 7244.) 408 Plate ‘ ‘ Carroll county ..... Betti, see Shs aca eo “This figure is from plants found in Carroll county, Mary: land. They were plentiful in lawns and gardens, and much _ larger and more perfect than those found in Druid Hill Park. | The pileus is not so red, the margin is plicate and the flesh — turns red when cut or bruised, but it does not exude a red he juice like the others.” | - 4 Ce Manan vere tion. 7: Yer yh PE a hs SON oat eo ea OF THE a saa aaa Be se Druid Hill Park De ees ea ESTs as « epestipes Sow. Carroll county.......... ubrotincta Peck. Carroll county............. aia CARraNs COUNLY’: tae <8 oe de bites , Seatita A. & 8. Carroll county . aoe aes am ape es Vahl. Common.............-- eevee ark under a pleasant title, ‘the honey agaric.. * * loma rancidulum n. sp. Druid Hill Park ... .... e Fst white or ey ait bee weatan at base, aes 1 ; elastic, nearly equal, smooth ; spores .00016 x 0002 white. woods. Gregarious. It grows chiefly. in vegetable te Reeciies pelted adnexed, close, forked ; een stout, ies high, enlarged at base, attenuated upward, white, aoe | October, 1875.” "Plate 21 Plate 23 Plate 24 Plate 25 Plate 26 Plate 27 Plate 28 Plate 171 Plate 172 | — . ‘Plate 30 Plate 31 } Plate 32 Plate 33 a ae 4 ~ ae, re 2, ~~. ae ye é t n j “y Can 7 Ax i PRA Jes tbe as fins fyi es ; 5 ~ 5 . jbl . Se asl riets MeN Grr yee oh Aue ry Otis hes ths ic, we 5 oy } a x mh > “ gpet ‘” LA: MA) £ ‘ 4 r s i f ee Ss ty Md og , ¥ : yh {? Pi 4, tye! ay yeh A iathen! % a balk een aa tS : f ie 4 +; 180 Porty-ro URTH REPORT on THE | Srare Mc vseum Tricholoma nudum Bull. Baltiviors: Aa \c sien Rena | Plate § Q re “Pricholoma edurum n. sp.) 7°". Ue ee OP Tes Bo **Pileus at first convex, obtuse, thick, fleshy, undulating, hygrophanous, in age expanded, with a slight central depres- sion, margin at first involute, expanding unequally, some- _ times lobed, at first dingy white or alutaceous, deepened in shade at the apex, epidermis thin, easily separable; lamellze white or cream color, adnexed, not crowded except at the margin, easily separable from the flesh of the pileus; stem — white, firm, thickened at base, tapering toward the top, — sometimes nearly equal, at first solid, then stuffed; aon nearly globose, white, .00025 to .0003 in. broad. ‘**Pileus 4 to 5 in. across; stem 3 to 4 in. long. “Taste mild, odor pleasant but powerful, resembling that of our edible mushroom, A. campestris. Gregarious.”’ » Tricholoma personatum Fr. Baltimore. + 7<.06!.4 cee - Plate 37 ig Cele es illudens Schw. Anne Arundel county ..... . Plate 173 Howard county...... A ates Plate: 38 Clitocybe trullisata Elis. Baltimore county ........... Plate 39 Boe Eka i eae ale aN aan ak (oe vald Glen ia 40 Clitocybe ‘ified dibialitnieis Scheff. Druid Hill Park . - Plate 41 if -Clitocybe amethystina Bolt. Druid Hill Park .......... . Plate 2 hs ae, “This is the amethystine variety of Clitocybe laccata. The ie spores are the same in size and color, though the pileus . HS differs greatly in| appearance.”’ puree ee laccata Scop. , Druid Hill Page cl Reuie saa Plate one : Halls Spring . Ji genera Plate | ce 2 i uate et ie ean Plate : ‘Plate 154 shows this plant with a zoned pileus. Rev. J. Stevenson speaks truly when he calls it ‘a most provoking agaric.’ At first I thought I had in it a new species, but upon close examination I found that C. laccata had taken a freak to come out in a decidedly zoned dress. This is the third drawing in this book showing the variations in this plant.” , | re - Clitocybe odora Bull. Baltimore ...................... Plate —Clitocybe aquatica n. sp. Druid Hill Parks 2.) 4 RY Plate **Pileus at first obtuse, then expanded, pale ochre, often flesh color, depressed in the center, sprinkled with floccose fe evanescent scales, margin waved and slightly striate ; it lamellz narrow, decurrent, not crowded, forked, ochraceous; id _ gtem 6 to 7 inches long, densely czespitose, stuffed, elastic, — - attenuated at base, enlarged at the apex and striate from the — lengthened lamelle, pit ala Spores .00018x.00032 metith : OAR sg cb a : 7. c growing in cae places i in woods or be streams; pel) : a me it 0. Tae Ce, 2 : ae oi 7 . s re, : | atyphylla Fr. BALEUNOTS Sih aph ee se nd +: ,~ Plate 36 \. 9 dicata Relh. Druid Hill Park......... tare Plate 48 A ie Sagas N. sas eer Le singd As Oe 2 py dw elate! 477 3a . t unites with the pea very pale ochre. | a e y fungus is particularly tough and dry, so much so es |S each l to submit it to the usual process for ‘ate aaa = Riutecs ie sp. areal eounby. sf. hee a3 ... Plate 49_ ae eave then aire sometimes Se umbo- Ape ‘ ‘ ieisted’ striate where it meets the arn pallid ; Me, 00082x.00084 in, white. ) eae | ‘ E. mitis Pers. Druid Hill Phe Seat ene Plate 50 a sostreatus Jacg. Druid Hill Park ........... , Plate 510 is flesh is hard and when eaten it requires much cook- » make it palatable. According to my own taste the yyster’ is much more pleasing to the eye than to the a . At no time have I ever been able’to discover the est: resemblance to the animal bivalve for which it is T have eaten it before and after cooking.”’ us: spathulatus Pers. Baltimore ........++..--.. Plate 52 4 us euosmus Berk. Druid Hills Parle.) oh.40022 422 Plates 53a ae m very doubtful whether the plant figured is truly P. mus Berk. I have never met it since 1878.” spores. of the plant figured are represented as globose, olored, .00018 in. broad. The dont’ is therefore well urotus a Meinlehes ‘Druid Hill Park ica ote ie Plate 54 a bombycina Scheff. Baltimore county......... Plate 55 — parvulus Weinm. Western Maryland ........ . Plate 158 cervinus Scheef. Western Maryland. Bead. vs) Platesia ee 3 ‘Hypholoma subaquilum n. sp. Druid Elil] Park 37-5 o3ee Pi Tnocbye lanuginosa Fr. Druid Hill Park..........-... ‘Plate _ Agaricus comptulus /’r. Hastern and Western Maryland. Plat Agaricus silvaticus Scheff. Druid Hill Park ..... pea wie ¢ ~ Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. Frederick eae , Sere oe bit sg ; } Pp - iT + a he Ae Peek o < Ta PN AS aed Oy iA ye Ag we ; ‘ ~ : € t ‘ we >, wae) wie! f ya 4 1 ie heth ) roy: ay 5°) 8 Pes Atl Sarak re bah ie ams) a4 13 nn bite bisa Ws « is , 41 4 fe 182 Forry-rovrru Reporr Ae ‘Srare Moseox | a < Me Clitopilus Orcella* Bull. Baltimore county ... wees pou a Plate 5654) Pholiota rubecula n. sp. Baltimore........ cae has Ether ew Plate 5 7 **Pileus fleshy, dry, smooth, glossy, expanded, in age cen- trally depressed, subrufescent, margin involute; lamellee adnate, not distant, reddish-brown; stem solid, equal. At the roots of trees or on the ground. July to November.” Pholiota mollicula x. sp. Druid Hill Park .......... ... Plate 170 af ‘“‘Pileus fleshy, smooth, hygrophanous, whitish, deepened — into yellow at the disk, flesh moist, even, wet so that the plant withers rapidly; lamellz close or crowded, emarginate, white, turning cinnamon color in age; stem stuffed, then hollow, pubescent, at length smooth, white, regular; annulus large, white; spores, .0002 x .0003 in. ferruginose, somewhat irregular. **In woods at roots of trees. The plant is difficult to dry, nearly always rapidly devoured by insect larve and falls out of shape from excessive moisture.”’ Pholiota dura Bolt. Frederick GOunbyo. hos eee ee Plate Pholiota przcox Pers. _ Frederick county UA ied Mi eh pe ce ce eesveesveeseeeeeereeeseeeeseees ete eeeseevesteeee Pholiots adiposa Fr. Carroll county and Baltimore .... Inocybe subroindica n. sp. Frederick county........... **Pileus at first campanulate, obtuse, dry, cracked longi- tudinally, glossy, fleshy at the disk, thin at margin, flesh white or slightly pinkish; lamelle adnate, close, forked, lanceolate, cream color, turning brownish ochre; stem nearly regular, twisted, marked with reddish oe stuffed, bate brittle. a se **In open places in woods. August uid September. é: ‘‘ For five years this plant appeared regularly in July and _ August under a group of cedar trees.”’ Naucoria semiorbicularis Bull. Baltimore ...... oabtame Plati Crepidotus mollis Scheff. Eastern Maryland.......... . Plate Agaricus campestris J. Druid Hill Park .............. Plate Hypholoma Candolleanum /’r. Frederick county....... Pl ai ~ Os ral 2 ae 1 2 Se e ¥% - Zh * bY ms On V 3 is) * wee Be SF) REPO: "ek rue Stare amie? EC aR, : ‘brown, convex, smooth, hygrophanous, often : d into ochre at margin, veil delicate, silk-like, encir- ey no ring on the stem, flesh aprur turning umber oma fasciculare Huds, Baltimore.............-- virgineus n. sp. Maryland..... oer e ete eee ileus ovate, campanulate or cylindrical, pale ochre, the ae torn, floccose ; lamellz narrow, close, Se aay at nd a halt inches long, stout, Eo motertint stuffed, ‘atten- where it meets the ‘pileus, flattened, ape spores = piace or gregarious at the roots of trees or about old _ Also found i in Nevenniy B etak akariins Bull. Druid Hill Park ......... nus comatus Pye ac TPROEO © eased eine Sens deuls Alias 53 is micaceus fr. Baltimore county.............. is plicatilis Fr. Western Maryland............. Peeauundes fr. Maryland)... 10.30, 0.0. differ in ‘color and shape. ps in the same cellar.” phorus chlorophanus Bac Pe MIANEIOFG 5 2 See at teh ius alpinus Pk. Western Maryland ..... Sites ius uvidus F'r. Eastern and Western Maryland... ms insulsus Mr. >“ oF ees rius Indigo Schw. Baltimore pie. vty SON Ge a manpiperatus fre Common... -..). 25204. ef nus us volemus /'r. Baltimore...... Or ware ae ot his plant was plentiful in July, 1877, and uniformly slen- is represented in plate 84. In 1878 it was also plentiful arge, as shown in plate 85. * * This plant is edible makes an agreeable dish in the culinary department. ds it stewed in beef gravy which it greatly improved in 0) When eaten raw it is pleasant to the taste. Both ab and ss milk turn brown upon exposure to the air,”’ l covering the marginal extremities of the lamelle Plate Plate Plate 160 Plate Plate Plate Plate 161 Plate Bree Both were found on barrel — | 70. 71 Boss < m hae Me Ate - & Joel oes oe Th re MB pag LEM a gO a Picd : ss 16 pane sca = oe ey eo re J sal: Pe xS, qs : : 4 "4 ESR . A ee. ¥ Fe. nee So: oe i a : 184 ete + FOURTH REPORT ON THE Seare Mossom Lactarius pyrogalus Fr. Howard and Carroll counties . Plates 86 Russula atropurpurea Pk. Eastern and Western Mary- > Be ee ce ak AS kt SE ee RR Fiat Russula foetens F'r. Rasa ail Wet tiene . Plate 88 E Russula viridipes n. sp. Baltimore...............-. . Plate 89 4 “Pileus dull verdigris green somewhat mottled with a darker shade, flesh brittle, white, unchanging, taste extremely acrid, margin inflexed; lamelle meet the stem, dingy ochre or pale buff, narrow, forked, the short ones apparently anastomosing; stem hollow, 1 to 2 inches high, tapering at base, enlarged at the apex, smooth, a brighter green than the pileus; spores .00032in. “This fungus has very little moisture though gathered after a heavy rain. At first I thought it was Lactarius viridis Fr., but there was no milk. Have not met with it since.” The figure has the appearance of Lactarius atroviridis Pk. Russula emetica fr. Baltimore........... acta Baie Plate 90 SE Avnenula aarescens Fir.) Fi hc axisie See es eee ieee Plate ; — 7 “6 Very variable in color as well as in size. Sometimes it is green as represented in the figure, then greenish ochre, or yellowish white tinged with green. It is very easy to dry except in wet weather, and even then when kept in a warm dry room.’’ _ The plant figured is a variety having a thin striate acute margin. : wee Russula alutacea fr. Baltimore ..... Rete ep fe yh 4 Plate 92 “Taste mild and agreeable. * * I have good reason for ae placing our American plant among the edible species, for I ate a portion without ill effect.”’ ; Bussula rubra Fr. Baltimore. ......5.....0....226 500: Plate 93 Russula lepida Fr. Anne Arundel county........ --+++ Plate 94 Russula variata Banning. Baltimore........... . oases pPlategeae Russula cinnamomea Banning. Baltimore..... PB AY. paey Plate ‘ Cantharellus floccosus Schw. Carroll county ........ Plats _Cantharellus cibarius Fr. Druid Hill Park .......... .. Plate - Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw. Druid Hill Park...... ‘Plate - Marasmius rotula Fr. Carroll county.............- i. Plates Marasmius oreades F’r. Frederick county ...........-.. Pla -Tentinus lepideus Fr. Druid Hill Park ............... Plat The figure represents a form with branching stem. | Lentinus strigosus Schw. Knoxville.......-....--. Any (Pee i Lenzites Cookei Berk.. Maryland............ od ae .. Plate 163 Panus strigosus B.d C. Eastern Maryland......... EN Plate 1 se Rey ey yt ar agein Ye eS 2. nt 17 : $y ‘ ¥ ce 1m; : al ie 6 ee Fel aa it AB a MD ee Reena he ey en eh oas me Rerort OF rae Srare Boranisr 185 i a a ‘ ae | ornatipes Pe: Baltimore. . SPRUE oy kG US Ngee Plate 104 Peckii Frost. Baltimore county............... Plate 106 4 a} Droid Hall Park)! 3... 3. yas hubte ss. 2. Plate 143 ies sfelleus Bull. Baltimore ......... Poe Eels) st) Plate 10% i ‘T n 1886 I found this fungus in Virginia measuring 18 a es across the pileus.”’ ee is ignoratus, n. sp. Druid Hill Park........... .-. Plate 108 4 ileus convex, viscid, bright lemon color, marked with a e lines of orange color, which are distributed over the | | a s giving it a streaked appearance, flesh white, solid, : f not ehange color when cut or broken, taste slightly’, ile ; pores lemon color, moderately large, free, connected | Y ee the stem by web-like filaments ; stem larger at the apex, ite : ewhat tapering toward the base, yellow, smooth, solid; he 00018x.00044 in.”’ S s closely approaches Boletus unicolor Frost, from which { a carcely differs except in its white flesh and free tubes. . oe Fi « fl ¥ of s affinis Pk. Eastern and Western Maryland..... Plate109 seximius Pk. Druid Hill Park ........ (icles =) Plate Tite e Ks is is Boletus robustus Frost, of which thé name is ers 6 us s luridus Fr. Druid Hill Park .............. .... Plate 111 ” Howard county...........-. -..-.+ Plate 112 — Rass Frost. Baltimore........... wii: =~) Plateeee d. © ne ACEO Bo Bi es sete Plate 115 us modestus Pk. Eastern Weryland. iidiar 4 gous ehepaia eo ME ea Elite ; The‘plant figured is a monstrosity, which seemed unde- d whether to remain a Boletus or to become an Agaric. ymenium was decidedly lamellated on one side nearly to margin ; all other sides were lamellated only as the tubes red the reticulated stem.”’ bilomyces strobilaceus Berk. Baltimore county .... Plate 105 s is Boletus strobilaceus Scop. orus Beattiei Banning. Druid Hill Park.......... Plate 118 yorus tomentosus fr. Baltimore.................. Plate 119 ps ee | _ Geaster saccatus Fr. - Polyporus rimosus Berk. Western Maryland .......... Plate 124 -Geaster triplex Jungh. } ayes aan : és y ¥ Kap - MR 4 ‘4 . my oF, , : A y ™ %y 4 y 5 203 z f 3 : f “, is ‘ My ~~ y bb 7 - bie , tae iy % i i, a oe a 7 ena ee tgs | bare e rhs 186 Pokrr -FOURTH hurcew ON one ee M OSEUM Polyporus splendens Pk. Druid Hill Pak: Bs 49/0 Ve Plate 1 Polyporus applanatus Fr. Baltimore... ....... Poe ten Pee re Polyporus cinnabarinus Jacq. Baltimore county........ Plate 1 b Polyporus parvulus Klotsch. Baltimore........ pee Sie.) lee 123 ** Found on Acacia trees. It is valuable for retaining fire, and is much used by the colored people. One specimen will last a whole night to build fires and light their pipes. ’’ Polyporus sulphureus F'r. Baltimore county.....-..... Plate 125 AS s Polyporus versicolor F’r. Common..................-- Plate 12¢ hss Polyporus pergamenus F’r. Common.................- Plate 127 Polyporus nidulans Fr. Druid Hill Park ............ .. Plate 12 Polyporus poripes Fr. Halls Spring’.-.-..--......--). Plate 12 Polyporus Ourtisii Berk. Druid Hill Park............. | Plate 18 Polyporus lactifluus Pk. Druid Hill Park ........... ie Plate 1 **'The flesh when cut exuded a white milk probialy. Merulius lachrymans. Maryland ...................... Pinte me Fistulina hepatica F'r. Halls Spring .......... Rae eeee Plate Hydnum rufescens Pers. Lutherville.................. Plate 1: ‘It is found most plentiful in pine and oak woods, solitary ; or gregarious, often inclined to grow in circles.” Hydnum repandum ZL. Baltimore..................... Plato 1 13 Hydnum imbricatum ZL. Halls Spring.............. . « Plated: 36 Hydnum cxspitosum n. sp. Carroll county............. Plate 1 **Pileus yellow or very pale ochre, dry, eccentric; aculei short, decurrent, very pale ochre; stem solid, cream color; fiesh turns yellow when cut. “Tt grows in clusters at the roots of trees and near old stumps.”’ i ‘Irpex lacteus Fr. Maryland............0..00ecseee ues s Plate 1 Craterellus pistillaris Scheff. Druid Hill Park......... Plate | Craterellus cornucopioides F’r. Druid Hill Park...... .. Plate | Corynites Ravenlii B. d C. Baltimore county........ .. Plate 14 _ “This plant is now placed in the genus Mutinus.”’ . ib Phallus Demonum Rumph. Druid Hill Park........... Plate 14 Phallus impudicus Z. Druid Hill Park................. Plate’ Geaster fimbriatus. Baltimore ...............0++-++++- Plate Geaster striatus DC. | Frederick county ae oe Plate | | | Lycoperdon cyathiforme Bose. Maryland .............. Plate | * tert 4 ae aaa dae iia ve wna ‘ie eo Mie if) pa eny ia Nene Teeth: eee eee REPORT OF T: od 8 re Boranist Md ay Vawriie rdon sre Balok, ‘Baltimore... Ps aaa Plate145 -pyriforme Scheeff. Conaau nese iss fs Plate 147 n giganteum Batsch.. Cranineet : qpek-k. + ss late 161 ae ig lon Frostii Pk. Carroll GOUBGY Ree wale opie oc Plate 148 derma vulgare #’r. Blue Ridge Mountains ...... . Plate146 : ius vernicosus DC. Lutherville ............ Wig bites: Plate149 lum vulgare Jul. Common.................... Plate 150 nyces Banningii Pk. Baltimore.......-......... Plate151 e nyces lactifluorum Schw. Lutherville.. -... .\Plaveba: yam polymorpha Grev. Druid Hill Park ........... Plate153 a auriculaJudze Berk. Common..... Ao Sy © Plate 165 © esculenta Pers. Western Maryland.......... Plate 168 — oh crispa ee Arua PAE Pave (2 Scan bas f=) = .. Plate 169 Ae f ; ye s 62, 87 and 117 represent species unnamed or pee Ro. : > 175 represents Boletus ste un Pk., which has not yet been ay pan in Maryland. | ! sop hag Th Beeeics found in Maryland by Miss Banning but notincludedinthe ah ne of Illustrations are 28. Their names are as follows: heh Be: | gracilenta Krombh. | Omphalia grisea Fr. ne , mastoidea Fr. Pluteus chrysopheeus Scheff. Bey a mucida Fr. Entoloma placentum Batsch. — ay ma carneum Bull, | Clitopilus prunulus Scop. Z ee » flaccida Sow. Naucoria melinoides Fr, |

Oa c 5 po “NAake i y ‘ ’ ‘ J ”, 5 ‘ { Fi + y i f 7 et D/,, = : F a , {oy ; is ies ? ve SW chia wa pey State Museum, 44. Plate 14. eee ZIT PEIES ZB EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 _- PonyPoprum vunGare L, var. cristatom Lowe, frond showing the upper surface. frond showing the lower surface with its fruit dots. he creeping rootstock. vp Seg spore x 400. Ae io 7 -_ Fis ) vad Wy 7 ite \ vi ay Ne + : a) shat! Ate ee ie } ay, Plate 2. RUNG 4A. State Museum, 4 Fig. Fig. ez Fig. rE: 2. “Io Ol > EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 ARMILLARIA VISCIDIPES Peck, An immature plant. A mature plant. Four spores x 400. CREPIDOTUS DISTANS Peck. . Piece of bark bearing three plants. . A plant enlarged, showing the upper surface of the pileus. . A plant enlarged, showing the lamelle. . Four spores x 400. OMPHALIA CORTICOLA Peck. . A piece of bark bearing four plants. . A plant enlarged, showing the umbilicus of the pileus. . A plant enlarged, showing the lamelle. . Vertical section of a pileus and the upper part of the stem, . Four spores x 400. PLEUROTUS CAMPANULATUS Peck, . A branch bearing three plants. . A plant enlarged. . Five spores x 400. SaccHarRomMyces BetuLza Pk. & Pat. . Three hyphe, one of them branched. . Several spores x 400. x t State Museum, 44. PUNGL Plate EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 CoRTINARIUS ALBIDUS Peck. , An immature plant. A mature plant. rertical section of a pileus and the upper part of the stem. |. Four spores x 400. TRICHOLOMA GRANDE Peck. Ry x ref e Vesee it : Bs PUN GE State Museum, 44. Plate 4. i) EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4 RAMULARIA GRAMINICOLA Peck. . Upper part of a grass leaf marked with three fungous spots. . A cluster of four hyphe, two of them bearing spores, x 400. . Five spores x 400. RAMULARIA DESTRUENS Peck. . A leaflet with the upper half blackened by the fungus and showing two fungous spots. . Tufts of hyphe, two filaments bearing spores, x 400. . Six spores x 400. ‘ CERCOSPORELLA VERATRI Peck. . Upper part of a leaf with two fungous spots. . Three spores x 400. ASPERGILLUS AVIARIUS Peck. . Piece of membrane béaring a patch of the fungus. . A spore-bearing vesicle and its filament, the former partly denuded of its chains of spores, x 400. . A single chain of spores x 400. . A group of free spores x 400. SEPTOMYXA CARPINI Peck. . A piece of bark bearing six heaps of spores. . Five spores x 400. BISPORA EFFUSA Peck. . Piece of wood bearing a patch of the fungus. . Three chains of spores and a sterile hypha x 400. . Four free spores x 400. CARYOSPORA MINOR Peck. . A hickory nut bearing a group of the perithecia. . A perithecium enlarged. . An ascus containing spores x 400. Three spores x 400. PHYLLOSTIcTA Lupwiaiz Peck. ‘A leaf showing three fungous spots. Four spores x/400. REPORT OF THE « TE E} TOMOLOGIST. PADLE OF ‘CONTENTS. ILO ED tO Tone Sure US eas sao sdk awa ten dad sa sme ee Ye No serious insect attacks, or importation of insect pests during ' the year, 215. Abundance of the apple-tree tent-caterpillar, 215. The neglected orchards of the State, 219. The failure of the fruit crop of the State ascribable largely to seasonal conditions and fungoid attacks, 215. Exemption from the usual injury from the white- marked tussock-moth caterpillars, 216. Injuries to corn from the corn-worm, 216. Increasing depredations from the bud-worn), 216. Spread of the apple-leaf Bucculatrix in Western New York, 216. A New York locality for Chloropisca prolijica, and probable dis- covery of its breeding grounds, 216. Unusual abundance on Long Island of the northern: lady-bird, and the 12-spotted Diabrotica, 217. Continued northern progress of the elm-leaf beetle, 217. ' Studies of the bean-weevil, 217. Prevalence of the grain aphis in rye fields in Eastern New York, 217. Unlooked for, and inex- plicable appearance of the 17-year Cicada on the Hudson river, 218. Collection of insects made in Keene valley, in the several orders, with notice of the more interesting forms, 219. The contri- butions to the department, 220. A collection purchased, con- taining rarities, 220. Need of assistance in field work and in office duties, 221. Contents of the Appendix, 221. Courtesies acknowledged, 222. \< glaia miae . ‘ ee ee yg Pe en 2 at ie tet 4 iad ies + - SADLACOMERUS LUTESCENS, the Poplar saw-fly ...............-. 0. cece eee May prove to be identical with Cladius viminalis of Europe, 223. Comparison of the two made by Mr. J. G. Jack, 223. The male of the European species needed to determine the question, 224. gl Variation in the venation of the Tenthredinidee, 224. The larval 4 habits of viminalis as given by Dr. Jacobs, differ from those of | lutescens, 224. Note, establishing the identity of the two, 224. 223 223 200 PYRRE: ARCTIA ISABELLA, the Black-and-red Woolly-Bear .. Bibliography of the species, 225. Nota serious insect pest, 29 ; Information of the caterpillars asked, 225. Traveling habit of the caterpillar, 226. Figures of the insect, 226. Description of the caterpillar, 226. Its means of defense, 227. Its hibernation, 227. An unusual number of moltings, 227. Transformations of the : \ insect, 227. Description of the moth, 227. Food of the caterpillar, , 228. Its natural enemies, 228. HELOPHILUS LATIFRONS — one of the Syrphus flies..................-. Its bibliography, 228. Appearance and mode of flight of t Syrphide, 229. Mimicry of other insects, 229. Little known e + ae larve of H. tyrone found in a ee: 230. | ra larve, 231. Their pupation, 231. Account by Dr. Morey ai a habitat, movements in the water, and place of pupation, | | Erroneous habits ascribed to the larve, 232. The perfect in ( . 933, Its distribution, 233. Apparently rare in New York, 233. - iy ‘; Pays harmful, 233. The corn-feeding Syrphus fly one of the excep i iy e ar 233. i ; ; an OutoRopisca PROLIFICA, the Prolific Chlorops....... Re set a Reference to notices of it, 234, « Entering dwelling-hous 3 ie hibernation, 234. Where first observed, 234. Remarkable i, ings of allied species recorded in Europe, 235. Interest excit a _ these gatherings, 235. Speculations concerning them, 235. three known localities for the fly in the United States, Recently appearing at Ausable Forks, N. Y., 235. Its first < ance as described by Mrs. Graves, 236. Observed within 236. Not controllable by Pyrethrum powder, 236. Thei in number, 236. Boers new quarters, 236. eons of their ann¢ them, 237. “No other brie visited by them, Ae “Mannerot in summer and departure in spring, 237. Features of x ae in the ily, 238. Where does the insect breed ? TABLE OF CONTENTS 201 PAGE, ground is in the extended lawns of the infested localities, 239. The flies found abundantly upon the grass, 239. Could not be secured coming from the ground, 239. Do both sexes hibernate ? 240. Observations that apparently confirm the presence of both sexes, 240. General features of the fly, for its detection, if observed else- where, 240. Its reappearance the present year at Franklin, N. H., where it was first observed, 241. Reappearance, in diminished numbers, at Alfred Center, N. Y., the second place of its occur- rence, 241. The halteres of the fly, 241. PHYTOOMYZA CHRYSANTHEMI, the Chrysanthemum F'ly................... Synonymy and references, 242. Its notice in a former Report as identical with an European species, 242. The error detected, and _the fly described under the above name, 242. Its description by Mr. Kowarz, 243. Observations and figures of the insect by Mr. Jack, 244, Differences in the larval mines appear to indicate two species, 245. The flies produced from the different mines found to be iden- tical, 245. Comparison of this with allied species, 245. A Phyto- myza mining the leaves of Aquilegia, 246. Remedy for the chrysanthemum insect, 246. - Dynastes Tityus, the Rhinoceros Beetle................ cece cece eee eee ee Bibliography, in addition to that in a former Report, 246. No publication of the early stages of the insect, 247. A detailed description and figures of the larva furnished by Dr. Riley, 247. The same of the pupa, 249. Illustration of a Mexican species of Dynastes described by Dr. Dugés, 250. Method of feeding of D. Tityus on the inner bark of ash, 251. Another method ascribed to it, 252. The beetle attracted by the odor of bruised ash twigs, 252. Variations in color, 252. A rare insect in Say’s time, 253. Dr. Rathvon’s early recollections of it, and of its supposed larva, 253. The first authentic account of its occurrence in New York, 254. The beetle said to fly into the chimneys of cabins, 254. Is the attraction thither the same as that which draws, as reported, the larval hellgrammite? 254, BRUCHUS OBSOLETUS, the Bean-Weevil....... SY ee hr ao 4 A Bibliography, 255-6. A comparatively recent insect pest, 256. Probably an introduced species, 257. The large number of Bruch- ide, 257. They all infest leguminous plants, 257. The insect under 242 255 f oi ne ay BP 7 <# 5 en 4 By 4) “ ee ia ee Pa 4! yaa oi 5 f oy, a . _ oy i re ; em | ic ee oe ewe OF Bad meres 202 TABLE ae ConrenTs two names, 257, Thought, by some, to be distinct species, 95 First noticed in Rhode Island in 1860, 257. Later observations of i 257. Its rapid spread and distribution, 258. Not yet known | i Canada, 258. Is mainly distributed through infested beans, 25§ Precautions that would limit its spread, 258. Its occurrence in imported beans at the Centennial Exposition, 259. Maybe identica with the South African bean-seed weevil, 259. Its occurrence in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America, according to Fauvel, 6( General features of the beetle and illcstration of it and its 6arly zy stages, 260. Compared with the pea-weevil, 261. Say’s description _ of the beetle quoted. 261. Riley’s description of fabe referred with his comparison of it with obsoletus, 261. Ticketed in collectio t. a ts r as B. fabe Fabr., 261. Explanation of this name, in MS. notes an + a publication found of Dr. Fitch, 262. The MS. in possession wy 3 the Boston Society of Natural History, 262. A copy of the same + t furnished for present publication, 262. B. fabe described by | a Fitch and published in 1861, in the Transactions of a Rhode Isla Society, and in separate slips, 262. Dr. Fitch’s description of ‘th bean-weevil, 262-3. B. fabe Fh. had been changed inadvertently B. fabe Fb. 264. Severe injuries, and rapid multiplication of t _bean-weevil, 264. Its destructiveness as reported by Prof. Popenot 265. Instance of its multiplication, 265. Infested beans should no bale 2 be planted, 265. Not sufficient to destroy the inclosed beetle | 265. Prof. Goff’s experiments on impaired germination of wee eaten seed, 266. The same by Professor Beal, 266. The game Professor Popenoe, 266. These experiments contradict fo: belief, and show that the germ is destroyed or much injured, : 26¢ This is at variance with the old Hewes authorities, quoted, 26 Experiments, in Europe, in testing vitality and productivene ¢ weevil-eaten seed, 267. With germination hardly impaired, p ductiveness is seriously inj jured, 268. Infested beans | doe for food, 268. Epitome of life- history of the bean sweeval 269. aa as A brood of dwarfed bean-weevils from Waterbury, Conn., Peay ‘ — => wags Cord TABLE OF CONTENTS 203 PAGE. Contents of an infested bean, 273. Conclusion of the history of the brood, 273. A dwarfed beetle from insufficient food, 273. There may be four or five broods a year, 273. How the larva enters the bean, 273. How the beetle is released from the bean, 274. The construction of the lid, for exit, 274. The lid is not cut by the larva, but by the beetle, 274. Remedies, 275. Keeping over until the second year is no remedy, 275. No preventive of egg-deposit known, 275. The insect should be killed upon the gathering of the crop, 275. May be done by heat, 275. By kerosene, 276. Bisul- phide of carbon, 276. The Tracy house for treating infested or suspected beans, 277. What should be the insect’s name? 277. Reasons why it should be known as B. fabe Fitch instead of B. obsoletus Say, 277-8. Why the latter name is retained in the present paper, 278. Possibility that both may fall before an older name, 279. _ BRUCHUS RUFIMANUS, the European Bean-Weevil ..........-.......--+-> 279 Bibliography, 279. A common European insect, 280. Illustra- tion of its stages, 280. Its destructiveness to pease and beans, 280. Introduced into the United States many years ago, 281. Not yet naturalized, 281. The authentic records of its occurrence, 281. Imported in New Jersey from Switzerland, 281. Observed in Canada, 281. . Dr. Packard’s identification of it erroneous, 281. ‘Wrongly reported from Tennessee, 281. Its ascribed parasite was from B. scuiellaris, 282. The confusion in the synonymy of the insect, 282. Curtis’ figures of it, 282. Miss Ormerod on its synonymy, 283. Authenticated examples received from Europe, 284. Mr. Janson and Dr. Hamilton quoted on it, 284. Its synonymy not yet entirely settled, 284. Its distribution, 284. Remedies, 285. BRUCHUS LENTIS, the Lentil Weevil ....................05. SN eRe 285 Bibliography, 285. Observed at Buffalo, N. Y., 285. Associated with another species, 285. Compared with B. rufimanus Bohem., 286. Identified in Europe, 286. Description by Baudi, 287. Of not much economic importance, 287. The sale of lentils, 287. Their cultivation not a success in Canada, 288. What the lentil is, 288. Grown as a field-crop in Wisconsin, 288. CoNOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR, the Plum curculio ..................ccceeees 288 Reference to the more important publications on the insect, 288. its abundant literature, 289. The many remedies proposed for it, , ie ; S eo # Le CA Ord ‘ a, , ag ye we bat pol es Ne id ry " & ty hin Ss f , be Ne 2 er el i, ee Br. ¥ gel 2 if ay pea ear! > “a pe ¢ vs bie 7 4) Pas, } . ) ca OR GA ee CTL? Nhe OD 2 ay Ae IR wis PER adea ik Mitre th tat Suc beady ats : | ? AG PGa 7a a 3: ~ # - at. 5 tee a Fy: SE ieee eee Bobs “ad BO PN Bis We AIS be Ros j ) . L i ta | 204 Pani) or Conrents 2G Mek 289. Two only regarded as valuable, 290. Arsenical spraying, 290. How it reaches the curculio, 290. When to.spray, 290. May © Ht honey-bees be poisoned by the spraying ? 290. London purple or Paris green? 291. Dr. Weed’s experiments with London purple, 291. Proper strength of the mixture, 291. How Paris green may be mixed, 292. Suitable spraying pumps, 292. Beneficial results of spraying reported by Dr. Lugger, 293. Jarring for the cur- — culio, 294. How to arrange for jarring, 294. The curculio catcher, 294. Oviposition of the curculio, 295. Not correctly described by Harris, Fitch, Walsh, and others, 295. Riley’s correct account of it, 295. The egg not placed in the crescent cut, 295. Mr. Haywood’s: | observations on the mode of cae 296. Time required for z. 4 oviposition, 296. | _ QICADA SEPTENDECIM, the Periodical Cicada............. oie Rees es 296 . Bibliography, 296. Its unexpected appearance at Tivoli, N. Ba 297. The insect illustrated, 297. Number of broods in the _ State of New York, 297. The year 1890 not a locust year for . this State, 297. Examples taken by Mr. Clarkson, 298. Visit — to Tivoli for their observation, 298. Information obtained ime al regard to its presence, 298. The insect not abundant, 298. Its song described, 299. At first supposed to be an advance ~ Pa the 1894 brood, 299. Reported, also, from Saratoga county, 299. _ If confirmed, would show them to belong to the “Hudson ae ty river Brood,” 299. Dr. Riley on precursors of the gyi a ‘ broods, 299. The Tivoli insects not referable to Brood viii, 300. _ Are they the remnant of an unrecorded brood ? 300.. Dr. Riley on a _ the broods to which they may possibly pertain, 300. The x Gabe ae Cicadez ’’ (Saratoga county), a newspaper story, 301. An undecided a6 ‘question; perhaps to be settled hereafter, 301. Is there a New i York thirteen-year brood to which the Tivoli examples may 3 belong? 301. Mr. Clarkson’s views npen the present occurrence of the insect, 301. | we ” a elt a we paAa~- Soe eee ~ Criticism on figures of ee moth, 302. Its possible introduction i - New York through railroads, 302. The New York World on 1 its 3. Fernald and Dr. be quoted, 303. Its iveness probably overstated, 303. Why it should not. Soe ery serious ibeet 303. Effort should be made to > destroyed, 305. Features of the moth. 305. Transforma- 1e insect, 305. Illustration of its stages, 305. eds of cases of the insect on quince trees in Sargeantville, 6. The caterpillar defoliating quince trees in George- a. Should be classed pene the insects injurious to acters of the caterpillar and of.the moth, 306. Operations aterpillar i in.the blossom buds, 306. Transformation of the The second brood less injurious, 307. A favorable x its “multiplication, 307. May be destroyed by early TA Be ie cans! the Balsam Cecidomyia.............. oh ase 307 bly occurs in North Carolina, 307. Galls apparently iden-_ its gall taken from Abies Fraseri, 307. A possible para-— jociated with the galls when received, 307. Mr. Howard’s ews upon it, 307. 2s es ¥y 3 [A Sp ? within a Jumping Gallic: ahr ardais se touoree aise stata. a's, SOS ping gall, fam a bough of May blossom, in England, sub- for information, a Dr. Riley’s views upon it, 308. Is ae Ey | Pe x » > Sa A it r: 2... .6os5 el ee sh eee ae Bibliography, 321. Its frequent occurrence in recent years, 32 A great annoyance in infesting dwelling-houses, 321. Figure of the | larval form, 322. Studied by the Entomological Division at Wash- ington, 322. Illustration of its structure, fig. 38. Its distribution — = across the continent, 322. Food-plants and trees on which its eggs 4 ; | have been observed, 322. Frequently attacks grasses and clover, : hi: _ —- 322. «Its recent occurrence at Schodack, N. Y., 322. Found in a ss - watering trough, 322. Its place in classification, 323. Dr. Morey’s observations on it, 323. Observed on the stone walls of a chure =i) at Ausable Forks, N. Y., 324. oo eee FORCEPS —a Household Centipede. . Wea a ASE A NS ny Bibliography, in addition to a former Report, 324. Illustratio 1 325. Observations of Dr. Rathvon on it, 325. Observed in Penn- s __- sylvania in 1849, 325. Probably brought from the south in express packages, 325. Obtains the name of the “cockroach-killer,” 825, Its combats with the roach described, 325. Its habits on a st = table, 326. Preys, also, on the croton-bug, and how the capture | at made, 326. Its northward progress, 326. Feeds greedily on ie at house-fly, 326. Is it a desirable guest? 326. Its occurrence Bik’ : Missouri, 326. Found in a bed, and inflicts a poisonous bite, 32 jig Death of a child, reported, from it, 327. Effects of a bite fro be _ stepping barefooted upon it, 327. Another instance of its b Ale reported from Albany, 327. ; pil. Wa: . APPENDIX. W ; 4 Ce Ay aan je ae Ade (A) ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS................ Bre, ‘Tue InsEcts or THE Past YEAR AND PRroGREss IN INSECT STUDIES . eS ue The more important insect attacks, and absence of ordi ; ones will be noticed, 331. Omission of several, named, _-—s were given in the preceding report, 331. The chine | | TABLE OF CONTENTS 209 PAGE. BLiIssUs LEUCOPTERUS, in Western New York, as reported by Mr. Van Duzee, 331. Increasing injuries from the grape-vine flea- beetle, HaLtTica CHALYBEA, 332. How to meet it, 332. The cow-horn fly, H#MATOBIA SERRATA, in New Jersey and Penn- sylvania, 332. May soon be expected in New York, 332. Is native to the south of France, 332. Its popular names, 333. Nature and effects of its bite, 333. The amount of harm caused by it, 333. How its eggs may be destroyed, 333. Introduction of a saw fly, CEPHUS PYGMEUS, from Europe, 334. Its Huropean name of the *“corn saw-fily,” inapplicable to it here, 334. Observed at Ithaca, N. Y., infesting wheat, 334. Professor Comstock’s studies of it, 334. Operations within the wheat stalk, 334. Transformations, 334. Its injuries not, thus far, severe, 334. Its bad reputation, 335. ' Observed, also at Buffalo, and in Canada, 335. The Gypsy moth, OcNERIA DispaR, introduced in Massachusetts, 335. Date of intro- duction of several of our insect pests, 335. The Ocneria a noto- rious European pest, 336. When and how brought to this country, 336. Its present multiplication, 336. Confined to a_ limited locality, 336. Its ravages therein, 336. Importance of its immedi- ate extermination, if possible, 336. A State appropriation made forthe purpose, 337. Means by which it isthought possible to con- trol it, 336. PROGRESS BEING MADE IN INSECT STUDIES, 337. Encour- aging prospect for the future, 337. Great advance made in the preceding year, 337. Resulting largely from the establishment of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, 337. Number of entomolo- gists employed in the Stations, 337. Admirable work done at the | Minnesota Station in controlling the Rocky Mountain locust, CaL-. OPTENUS SPRETUS, 338. Crops of Otter Tail county threatened by a colony of the locust, 338. Dr. Lugger commissioned to examine and report upon the situation, 338. His report accepted, and the aid asked for, from the State, granted, 338. ‘‘ Hopper-dozers”’ for catching and killing the locusts, constructed, 338. The number caught by them, 338. A bounty offered, 338. Operation of the *“halloon hopper-catcher,”’ 339. Enthusiasm shown in “ hopper- catching, 339. The privilege strictly guarded, 339. The hopper crop a lucrative one, 339. Fourteen thousand bushels of locusts caught, 339. The cost to the State, 339. The farm crops saved from destruction, 339. Infested lands plowed to kill the eggs, 339. How the plowing was done, 339. A complete success and at te cost, 339. The final result, 340. The fearful losses in other States inflicted by the locust, 340. Its complete destruction i in Min- © * nesota, a triumph for economic entomology, 340. THE Work OF THE ts 3 ENToMOLOGICAL Division oF THE U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, 340. : Introduction from Australia of the natural enemies of the Icerya | scale insect, 340. How the Icrrya Purcuasi was brought to Califor- nia, 340. Its subsequent increase, 340. Its destructiveness on 4 orange trees, 340. Orange culture in the State apparently doomed, ie 5 340. Proposition to import its parasites and other enemies, 344 Appropriation made from the general government for the purpose, | 341. Agents sent to Australia for their collection, 341. The num- vf ber obtained and forwarded to California for propagation and , distribution, 341. Their progeny now number many millions, 341. ae _ The wonderful success attending their distribution in the ote he orchards, 341. The pernicious Icerya scale seems doomed to a _ ¥ speedy extermination, 341. CULTIVATION oF Insect DisEASEs, 341! Distribution of insects attacked with contagious diseases, 341. Pea. The chinch- bug utilized for SEs a fungus attack, 341. The 3 experiment a pronounced success, 342. Economic entomology : prepared to aid largely in the promotion of ‘the agricultural _ industry, 342. Late EXPERIENCES wITH INSECTS Ore TO THE ORcHARD AND WAFARDEN 260800 e5 a a Ea inhale, a EGET TSAIED Gb ap eas aps «ie eee i The impetus received from the Agricultural Experimen Stations, 342. The new ‘Association of Economic Entomolo- ig : gists,” 342. Experiences in spraying operations, 343. ay i - necessity in fruit culture, of arsenical spraying, 343. | : at ‘ ments have taught in the past year, 343. The dilution of oe arsenite to be used, 344. See E lls of different fruit- trees, Bet . killed by this means, 344. cides with tincehroutae, 345. i o the rose-bug, 347. awa. hes been learned of its bre ie eee 346. Detection oh a CoLEOPHORA pee in you \ ear orchard, 348. Its operations observed by Mr. Donic: Ohh the beetle from infested stock, 349. Its burrows and a lining, 349. The young feed on the white substance, arative rarity of the male, 350. X. obesus confounded The identity of X. pyri with X. dispar recently estab- The eggs of the beetle, 351. A new depredator on , 351. Its numbers and their injuries, 351. The peach bark- ‘PHL@OTRIBUS LIMINARIS, 351. Formerly supposed to cause “4 dei ” 352. Not an i ae ates insect, 352. ie bark- dene, 352. The Hee ace sits ERIOCAMPA CERASI, 352. t and injurious at West Farms, N. Y., 352. Easily con- by hellebore in water, 352. The currant-stem girdler, 352. tions described, 352. The insect not yet detected, 353. pevine flea-beetle, Hatrica CHALYBEA, 353. Means for its 353. A plant-bug, Podisus modestus preys upon it, 353. se pest observed in Ausable Forks, N. Y., 354. The insect , but believed to be the larva of asaw-fly, 354. It bur- ynward into the twigs, 354. Unsuccessful efforts to rear - Various ATTACKS oF FRUIT-INSECTS noticed, 354. The £ Bucculatrixin Western and Central New York, 354. The Bs a ae tree, 355. The oblique-banded leaf-roller, ia rosaceana, destroying pear buds at Seneca Falls, N. Y., :. Ba remedy for this common fruit-tree Pee 355. The eye- jew enemy of the Deve found in the plant-bug, cynicus, 356. The importation of the currant-worm YF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST......... 357 Moth in Medford, Mass.: Insect Pests of the State. of Insects Injurious to the Orchard and Gupaee ‘Spraying for he Curculio, 358. Apple-tree Insects: Poisoning Insects: The - : Chloropisca prolifica: The Voracity of the Silk Worm: Spray for Fruit tree Insects, 359. Eggsin Plum bass The Au Insect 1: Bhaghioeey Pests: Grain ante 360. A New Enemy of th ‘ Ourrant Worm: Coleophora sp.—A New Pear Insect: The Pe: Bit blight Beetle: Quince Blossoms Beetle: The Peach Bark Borer: e The Grape vine Flea-Beetle: Seventeen-year Locusts make Appearance, 361. A Grain Weevil Distributed: Pasi Scab: and Rose-Slug, 362. Sweet Potato Beetles: A New Boge [Corn] Cut Worm: Locust Tree Borer: Syrphus Fly: Elm * Beetle, 363. Collections in Keene Valley, N. Y. : Insect Parasite Habs The Carpet Beetle: Severe Bite of a Horse-fly: A Curious J umpi ng ‘ i . , Gall: The Midge or Punky of the Adirondacks, 364. Mites i sateoeal ; ing a Water-trough: Spittle Insects: A Mite Parasitic per House Fly: The Pear-leaf Blister: Weevils in Rye: Report of State Entomologist to the Regents of the University of the Stat New York, for the year 1889, 365. Snails —Slugs: Diseased Au Pines: A Manual of Injurious Insects, 366. A Guest to be comed in our Homes: Bean Weevil: The Larch Saw-Fly: Bot of the Hare: Insects Infesting Maple Trees: The § Cucumber Beetle, 367. The Woolly-Bear Caterpillar: Apple Bucculatrix: A Mite Infesting Dwellings: The Hessian An Aquatic Worm, 368. Grain Aphis: Insect for Nan Insects for Name: The Raspberry Cane Borer: Two Beetles {nsectsfor Name: The Peach- Twig Moth, 369. A Grape Vine Caces Insects in Illinois: Apple-Bark and Pear-Blight Beetles Cockscomb Elm-Gall: An Apple Tree Insect: Maple Bark i) Insect — Lecanium acericorticis, 370. Preface and Notes to t Genera of the Hesperide of the European Faunal-region: P| loxera: Burrowing Beetle — Cebrio bicolor: An Ugly Bee-Sla; Squash-Vine Borer: Phylloxera, 371. The New Carpet Bee nual Address of the President of the Entomological Club. oe Association for the ee of Shoo oy at = « an TABLE OF CONTENTS. 213 PAGE. Entomology of the year 1876: Report on the Insect and other Ani- mal Forms of Caledonia Creek, N. Y.: Description of a New Species of Anisota, 373. The Clover-seed Fly, a new Insect Pest: The Peach Tree Borer: The Clover-seed Fly, a new Insect Pest: Poduride (Spring Tails) in a Cistern: Entomological Contribu- tions — No. IV, 374. Two-spotted Lady-bug: Strawberry-Borers, 375. The Golden Tortoise Beetle: Grapevine Galls: The Army Worm — Leucania unipuncta Haw: The Corn Curculio—Spheno- phorus Zee Walsh: The Clover-seed Fly: The Grapevine-Bark Louse — Lecanium vitis Linn.: The Striped Blister Beetle, 376. Inquiries about Ants and Beetles: On Cecidomyia legumincola: The Stalk Borer— Gortyna nitela Guenée: Two Carpet Bugs: The Wheat-Stem Maggot —Meromyza Americana Fitch: The Carpet Beetle, 377. The Earth-worm— Lumbricus Terrestris Linn.: Annual Address of the President of the Entomological Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Saratoga, N. Y., August 26, 1879: Two Pests of the Clover Plant: Apple Tree Insect, 378. Coccus on Peach Trees: A Grape Insect: A Dung Beetle: The Five-Spotted Sphinx: Apple Tree Insects: A Grape Insect— Procris Americana Boisd., 379. Coccus on Peach Trees— Lecanium Persice: The Fitch Biological Collection of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 380. | (© CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT ...............003.. LVS. TE Ss ee RL Rem O Raby OFFICE OF THE STATE eoumagedg ( Arpany, November 30, 1890. To the Regents of the University of the State of New York: GENTLEMEN.— I have the honor of presenting to your board my Seventh Report on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New York, embracing results of studies and observations made © during the year 1890. © The year has not been signalized by any wide-spread and par- ticularly injurious insect attack upon the agricultural products of the state, or by the introduction from abroad of insect pests of special economic importance, yet a large number of important sub- jects of study have presented themselves, most of which have received the attention due them, while of-several the investigation has not advanced sufficiently far to authorize their presentation at _ the present time. May I briefly refer, as in former reports, to some of the more ' interesting insect occurrences of the year, and to a few that seem to call for their simple record while awaiting the fuller notice to be - given them hereafter. _ The apple-tree tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa Americana Harris, _ which has been noticed in the two preceding reports for its exces- sive abundance and injury to the foliage of apple trees, has again _ been destructive over a large portion of the state, but in a some- _ what diminished degree. Its ravages are being more extensively _ met by its destruction in its early stages, and by spraying opera- tions later. Our orchardists are slowly awakening to the absolute 4 necessity of preserving the foliage of their trees from insect pests _ and fungoid diseases, if fruit-growing hereafter is to be conducted | with profit. In this connection it may be proper to mention that 4 the almost entire loss of the fruit crop the past year over a large _ part of the state is not attributable to insect injuries, but to a _ concurrence of unfavorable seasonal conditions which resulted in, ' or contributed largely to, various fungus attacks and unknown | maladies, from the effects of which blossoms blighted or the young PDS. i ae i ; gis no thal purpose on the tree. every ear in a garden, in one instance, having been ruined by it. and consuming the tender leaves, has been destructive in some the orchards of the western part of the state. It is known, local ings for winter abode of an allied species have been observ: Y This year has been the second one of i from the usu have been necessary for the prevention of its ontaiee injuries. : The boll- -worm or corn-worm of the southern states, “Hetil A minute caterpillar having the pernicious habit of eating - the buds and blossoms of the apple tree when they first appeaz Ene of burrowing into the terminal twigs, or spinning togel on as the bud-worm, and scientifically as the larva of Tmetocera ocella (Schiff). Its injuries are preventable by early py advance of the time of blossoming. . ee From the unusual number of inquiries received feaat orchar of the appleleaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemen 7 is apparent that this insect is rapidly multiplying within borders, and that effort should be made to check its increase k it shall have become generally distributed. It is not diffic - control by methods that have been already pointed out. Another of the interesting assemblages within ash : pais United States Ee two others He: a Franklin, and Alfred Centre, N. Y. In Europe a number of similar recorded within the last sixty years. The source and food-pl nt teat belief has been that it breeds in someof the auain felflat observations made the past season, it seems probable that soon be ascertained beyond question that the biped sles ! fly 3 is in the lawn grasses that surround the eign | 7 fei Pee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST vA Ws useless to resort to any measures for their destruction. The one was a member of the family of Coccinellide, the species of which are justly regarded as highly: beneficial to the agriculturist from their feeding almost exclusively upon Aphides or plant-lice. But unfortunately this species, E’pilachna borealis (Fabr.), has won for itself an exceptionally bad reputation, and was for a long time quoted as the only leaf-eating member of a carnivorous family. A few other species —eight or ten— have since been found to be partly vegetarian in their habits, but of these about one-half the number have only been detected feeding on the spores of fungi or other vegetable growths of no economic value. At Glen Cove, L. 1, Epilachna borealis was particularly injurious to the melon _ and squash, while it fed readily on any of the Cucurbitace. Associated with the above, in almost equal number, was a com- mon Chrysomelid beetle, Diabrotica 12-punctata (Oliv.), of broad _ distribution throughout the United States, and hitherto reported as ' _ injurious to corn, particularly in some of the western states where its larvee have infested the roots of the young plants to such an extent as to impair the crop fully 75 per cent. It proved a _ -+great annoyance at Glen Cove in infesting the greenhouses and feed- 2 _ Ing on chrysanthemums and other flowers. { The elm-leaf beetle, Galeruca xanthomeleena (Schrank), whose’ _ steady progress northward has been noticed in former reports, and _ which was announced in my Fifth Report for the year 1887, as '’ having made its appearance at Poughkeepsie —midway between : New York and Albany, has during this year (or more probable a 4 year or two earlier) extended its range forty miles further north, d being now found at Hudson — 117 miles from New York and within | thirty of Albany. It is already so injurious to the elms in Hudson, ' that its citizens have become alarmed, and in several instances have ; _ resorted to spraying with arsenites for the arrest of the threatened destruction of their shade trees. . Studies of interest and of considerable economic importarce have been made upon the bean-weevil, Bruchus obsoletus, which, in the disclosure of unlooked for phases i in its life-history and unsus- - pected powers for harm, have shown the need of tesort to means ' by which the insect may be killed as soon as the crop is gathered. E Far more active and earnest measures against it than have hitherto "been deemed necessary, should be undertaken. _ The grain aphis Stphonophora avene (Habr.), which was reported - last year as destructive in adjoining, and some of the western : states, while New York was apparently free from its presence, has appeared the present seasons in portions of our state, particularly 218 Ba ta URTH Report on ; re es é Musee ‘ in its een euistcrn: counties, and is inflicted serious s injury ¢ a grain crops. During the last weeks of June numerous inqul res were received of means by which its i injury to rye could be arrested. Several of these came from Columbia county, where the attack wa ' apparently more severe than elsewhere. Complaint was also made of its presence on rye in Rensselaer county. At Canaseraga, Alle- gany county, it was reported as attacking oats and barley as soon as they were out of the ground in the spring. At Glen Cove, Queens county, it appeared upon the wheat after it had headed. The aggregate of injury caused by the insect was not large, for most of the localities the aphis, after passing to the heads of ‘the grain, was attacked by the minute parasites that persistently follow it and insert their eggs within the body of the aphis, thereby insuring its speedy death. Almost every head of grain submitt ; to me for examination contained the brown and distended bodies « the aphides, indicating their parasitized condition and the probab arrest within a short time, and without much further harm, of the aphis attack. : The appearance in June last, at Tivoli, N. Y., of the periods a Cicada, Cicada septendecim, although i in limited pee and so fi as known not elsewhere observed, was an event of unusual intere to entomologists. It was thought that all the broods that belong to the more densely populated portions of the United States were - definitely known and their limits accurately defined. Of these, _ pertain to the state of New York, no one of which was due the pi e ent year. The Tivoli appearance was therefore unannounced and unexpected. It could not be regarded as a residual of the brood of ft 1889, for this only occurs within the state on portions of Le - _[sland, nor as an advance of the well-known Hudson river broe : due in 1894. Atthe present, it remains as an entomological enigt n Subsequent examinations of records may show it to be the remnant an unrecognized brood, which in several of its recurrences may ha: been dwindling in numbers until it is now on the verge of extinctio: a result which would naturally follow the clearing up of forest and the removal of the natural food of the apeloe insect : roots of trees and shrubs. 3 ‘The field collections of the year, with a few so cater were I at Keene Valley, in the Adirondack mountains, during the ma 3 of July and part of August. The season was not abundant in» life. The usual Pee method of night collecting by the a lantern, known as “sugaring,” which in former years had. yi such large and valuable returns, gave nothing of particular v PRS ee eer aCe oe bP OR See Pa eee ; REPORT oF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 219 and indeed but little beyond afew common forms of the smaller moths. A favorably and conveniently located maple grove was selected but after devoting a number of evenings to successive fruitless rounds to the baited trees this method was abandoned. for the more remunerative one of collecting with lights at the windows. Why this should have been more productive, no reason can be given. The field collections were quite successful, and enabled me to secure for the state collection, many more specimens than in any preceding year. Above 1,500 specimens were mounted, and labeled with locality and date of capture. In addition, there were several hundred examples of alcoholic and biological material. The Hymen- optera, for some unknown reason, were less abundant than usual, comparatively few of the order being largely represented, except the Apide and Andrenide. Of the Lepidoptera, Papilio Turnus was remarkably common upon moist ground in early July. Inmenitis Arthemis was not rare. Pieris oleracea was seen frequently, flying with Pieris rape. The Argynnids were abundant in some wet meadows, among which Argynnis Atlantis wascommon. A single example of Melitea Phaéton was taken. The Graptas were rare. Of the Theclas, seldom observed by me in this region, two species were taken, viz., Thecla strigosa and JT. Titus. Feniseca Tarquinius ~ was not uncommon: its larve were also collected. Of the Bomby- cide, Arctia virgo was frequently taken within doors attracted to hghts; Callimorpha confusa was in several instances driven up from the grass in meadows, about the first of August; and the - larve of Orgyia nova were found in a number of examples on low willows by the river side. In the Diptera, the Tipulde were unusually abundant, as were | also the Tabanide. Only a few specie of Syrphide were collected, and if was a surprise that more were not abroad, although a month _ later would no doubt have given much larger representation. Of the Coleoptera, Cicindela repanda occurred in large numbers in the roadway. From a sandy ditch beside the road, it could be driven up in flocks and gathered into the net; other species of the genus were only seen in occasional examples. Jina scripta was -quite abundant in its larval and pupal stages, and later in its per- - fect form, upon willows bordering the Ausable river. I had not previously taken it in the Adirondack region. Through most of July, the large number of the light-giving Lampyride that were _ abroad — their leisurely flights often marked in trails of light — ' was an attractive feature of the evening hours. ss The Odonata were os numerous in n BpeCIGN ¢ or in individuals, the aoe of ona rubicundula, of which ane ica nul , the ier In the other orders the collections were comparatively cpl but few species that were new or of special interest or value= wee observed. _ among them is one of particular value, from the large Pee ar i specimens and the beauty of most of them. The donor, Mr. E tus Corning, Jr., of Albany, in these successive additions (se p _ eeding reports) to the Zoological Department of the State Mu bas shown a Sevens! and an appreciation of the educa oo The Pci dlernoat herewith made. The present contribution CO: of one hundred and ninety-five specimens of butterflies, mainl} y for the saa Re as the literatnes for the authentic ‘det nation of the South American forms is not contained in our ene Library. Whenever arrangements can be made iy which the i _ & beautifully pian endl collection of Miderioan and esti C doptera, which the owner was desirous of disposing of at a mode Ne has been i ae for the state and is now in ae off ae cae) 1S) Q eee 3 B a @ Srey) BS © (oe) is) om = B ® + © leur) (ae) =i dQ = or Oo (a) ay Os am i) ag {q>) it Q IS’ ec) ft = oO pgm ann ot whe = st : eno this Wachee) Among other things of ee) ate ng i oat, seat of lene ta moe elie in lias, oa ; Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST ya at I regret that the pressure and confinement of office work allows me but little opportunity for field observations and studies. Could a reasonable amount of field work be done, either by myself or an efficient assistant, and so distributed over the year as to cover the period of insect activity, it would, beyond question, add materially to the value of the service that this department may render to the state. The Entomological Division of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, at Washington, while equipped with an office corps of a chief and eight skilled assistants, draughtsman, type- writer, and clerks, has also the aid of. seven field assistants, located in six of the States. The entomologists of our state agricultural colleges and agricultural experiment stations, have, in several instances, a trained assistant, or a class of advanced students, at their command, who are rendering excellent service. The value of “the work now being done in applied entomology, hardly needs to be referred to. Its results are apparent to all and have obtained the highest recognition. The agriculturist, in this time of wide- spread agricultural depression, appreciates as never before the aid that itis prepared to offer him, and. gladly avails himself of the proffered assistance.. The measure of what the state may do in this direction will be in proportion to the amount of study that it shall authorize. The field is so broad and the objects that it embraces so innumerable, that it can never be exhausted, or even an approach made to a complete garnering of its. stores. The insect world, existing largely upon cultivated products which are essential to the life or well-being of man, is brought into such intimate relations in its state of continual antagonism to him, that it may be safely asserted that of no other branch of the animal kingdom is the study of equal utilitarian value. With direct reference to my own official work: there is no doubt but that its value to the state could be more than doubled by the assignment to the Office, of a skilled assistant or one who might é soon be trained to serve in that capacity. It is neither econom- a a ty ¥ purpose for which they were undertaken, and others, that he is » desirous of entering upon at the earliest opportunity. r / Vs 5 i: ical nor just to the department, that the entomologist should be obliged to devote:so large a portion of his time to simple clerical duties, while there remain important studies to complete and : _ arrange for presentation in such form that they may accomplish the In the Appendix, will be found a paper read by the Entomologist _ before the Western New York Horticultural Society at its January 29 ui Poll one in number), most of “thioh’ were contributed te agricul ce ea in response to inquiries made of Be insects is ‘department for the year 1890 i is nae given. | +m aes : oe ie ~ s In conclusion: T desire to offer my grateful acknowledgm 3 your honorable board for the aid and many courtesies ex! e to me through your Secretary, in conveniences for office w Bi facilities for consulting the literature of my department conte ie _ In the State Library, and for the addition to the top! of at U tof volumes needed in my studies. | Bee. 3 ( Tee uaa: submitted. oe ly ae the a 7 bh T4205. © wo eet x* aur. ¢ ; : * Fru ter . ‘we # 4 INJURIOUS, INSECTS. Aulacomerus lutescens (Lintn.). The Poplar Saw-fly. (Ord. Hymenoprera: Fam. Trenrurepinip2.) LintNER: Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888, pp 44-46, figs. 20-22. é In the description of the larva, its habits, the winged insect, and , Oviposition of this poplar saw-fly which had occurred in numbers at Albany, N. Y., it was given name as a new species upon information received from Mr. K. T. Cresson, to whom it had been submitted, that it was probably undescribed and was referable to the genus Aulaco- _merus (see page 46, loc. cit.). Examples of it were subsequently sent to Mr. John G. Jack, of the Arnold Arboretum, of Harvard University, Boston. From a compari- son that he was able to make with European specimens in the collec- tion of the Cambridge Museum, and the examination of literature consulted, it seems not improbable that this saw-fly will have to assume an older Huropean name, and add one more to our extended list of insect pests introduced from the Old World. Mr. Jack has written to me as follows: | The other day, in looking over sonfe specimens of European saw- ~ flies in Dr. Hagen’s Collection, I was struck by the similarity of the ' manner of oviposition between your Aulacomerus and that of one of _ the specimens in the cabinet. My interest was aroused to look fur- ther into the matter, and after pretty careful comparisons of your ' specimens and description with those of Cladius viminalis Fallen, of __ Europe, I confess that I can make out but little difference, if any. The European description and figures as given by Vollenhoven _ (vol. i [1858], p.176, pl. 10, Tijdschr v. Entomol.), and by Cameron ~ (Monog. Brit. Phyt. Hymenop., vol. ii, p. 29, and vol. i, pl. v and xv), _ seem to agree with your specimens, and I can detect no essential dif- ‘ferences between them and Brischke’s specimens in the Museum ‘Col- j lection. Food-plants, eggs, larve, and imagoes all agree well. _ Upon requesting Mr. Jack to compare the nervulation of the vimi- nalts and lutescens particularly in the position of the recurrent nervules, _ he reports an exact agreement in the two. Unfortunately there is no 224, ForrH-Fo URTH puis. a aed ms the male should sie the watiiae structure pieavea to ee in its diagnosis as given by Cresson, viz., “basal joints of flagellu produced or branched beneath” (as appears conspicuously in o a _ Cladius isomera Harris), then A. lutescens is assuredly distinct, for ne od ‘approach to such structure is presented in its antenne. i | _ Mr. Jack has pointed out a discrepancy in the description - an figure of Cladius given by Cameron, in that the former calls for for ei This, however, is but of little importance, since the nervulatio the Tenthredinide is Aneile to ee to SO Esey extent that it 86 paaten ay 3 in venation. The family cortainly Toone a choneeee 6) oan revision with the aid of a pod ee of ee Bagi ci sped oa oS = In M. le De Jacobs’ “ Mondhe adage: Céphides & REPEC I: des E rons de Bruxelles,” contained in Comptes- -Rendus des Séance Société Entomologique de Belgique, 1884, xvi-—xxiv, is this (p. xix): nonrs roma Fallen. The larva lives in August a _ of the leaves; the seeeiate insect appears in J une. 3 ees with the above, ae essentially cone A. ut im and consuming ‘all but the be a ribs; the perfect insect + a Be _ at about the middle of July. ‘ Bi “y nee nat as the above is bene printed, the identity of % - merus lutescens with Cladius viminalis of Europe, has been deterr by Mr. Peter Cameron, of Sale, Cheshire, England — an author Ey nopee Tenthredinide. Examples of our species, in both were submitted to him, and he has returned answer that th es Piewaialy C. viminalis. He also states that Aulacomerus has n to do with Cladius so far as can be made out from the descrip' rough figure. Mr. Cameron has also kindly sent colored fi the European larvee, which agree with ours. — Se e *A genus of Hartig, separated from Oladius of Illiger. REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 225 Pyrrharctia isabella (Sm.-Abb.). The Black-and-red Woolly-Bear. (Ord. Lerrporrzra: Fam. Bompycip2.) Smiro-Appott: Nat. Hist. Lep. Ins. Geo., ii, 1797, pl. 66; as Phalena. Housner: Verz. Bekann. Schmett., 1816, p. 184; as Estigmene. _ Harpris: Cat. Ins. Mass., 1833, p, 591; Rept. Ins. Mass., 1841, p. 59; Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, p. 355, f. 170; as Arctia. GussE: in Canad. Nat., 1840, pp. 78, 308. Emmons: Nat. Hist. N. York— Agricul., v, 1854, p. 229 (description and habits; as Arctia). WALKER: Cat. Br. Mus.— Lep. Heteroc., iii, 1855, p. 611; as Spilosoma. CLEMENS: in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, p. 531; Appen. to Morris Synop. Lep., 1862, p. 352; as Spilosoma. Morris: Synop. Lep. N. Amer., 1862, p. 340; as Arctia. SAUNDERS: Synop. Canad. Arct., 1863, p. 16; in Canad. Journ., viii, 1863, p. 364; in Canad. Ent., i, 1869, p. 26; =i v. pp. 75-77, f. 14; as Spilo- soma; in Rep. Ent. Soc: Ont. for 1873, p. 22; f. 15; as Pirsidreae PAcKARD: in Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., iii, 1864, p. 121; as Pyrrharctia isabella and P. Californica; in 4th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci. 1872, p. 86; as P. Californica. | Rixey: in Amer. Entomol., i, 1870, p. 48; id., ii, p. 182, £.112; 4th Rept. Ins. Mo., 1872, p. 148, f. 65; in Amer, Entomol.— Bot. iii, p. 133, f. 51 (life-history); as Arctia; Gen. Ind. Mo. Repts., 1881, p. 55; as Pyrrharctia. 'Epwarps H.: in Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v,.1873, pp. 187, 370; as Pyrrharctia. MOoESCHLER; in Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1876, pp. 37, 297; as Pyrrharctia. FrrencH: in Trans. Dept. Agricul. Ill., xv. 1877, p. 182. Mann: in Psyche, ii, 1878, p. 270; as Spilosoma. Marten: in Trans. Dept. Agricul. Ill., xviii, Appen. 1880, p. 115. CoLEMAN: in Papilio, ii, 1882, p. 18; as Pyrrharctia. WEED: in Papilio, ili, 1883, p. 84; as Pyrrharctia. Bean: in Canad. Ent. xvi, 1884, p, 67; as Spilosoma. SmitH: in Amer. Entomol., ii, 1886, p. 79; in Canad. Entomol., xxii, p. 103 (bibliography); as Pyrrharctia. _ Drvmocg, A. K.: in Psyche, iv, 1888, p. 281; as Spilosoma. i. LINTNER : in Count. Gent., lv, 1890, p. 941 (general notice). Dyar: in Psyche, v, 1890, p. 422 (number of stages). This insect, as the result doubtless, of the perils attendant upon its exposure to its many enemies during its not closely-hidden winter’s sleep, is never multiplied to such an extent as to give it rank among our serious insect pests; yet the caterpillar is frequently encountered - in the latter months of the year, and often excites curiosity, as may appear from the following inquiry: Could you kindly give myself and others some information about the caterpillars sent herewith? Just now they are crawling in all directions, apparantly seeking warm quarters for the winter, as they < ue appear to be wending their way towards buildin gs of some sort. Aide See ee ees, na at the Ss a quarters. Its remarkably rapid gait would indicate extreme haste to _s bee part of the United States. When Sabie it measures an A Everybody walks over them, but few, I think, stop: Rs inquire. al Dt ¥ co A Ged {oe FON LD eid i. Rent iy ; sia . ee ay ee i ae + y “ 7 * Das ve aegis ii 296 Forry-FoURTH Revie’ on THE Stare Mt USEUM 7 their life-history or habits, or whether they are harmful or otherwi I notice chickens eye them curiously, but will not devour them, - p sumably on account of their hirsute covering. J. Moreton Farm, N. Y., October 15. To the above the following reply (some additions thereto re 2 inclosed in brackets) was made, through the Country Gentleman, of November 28th of oe present year: " ot mesoetins Habit of the Caterpillar. The caterpillars sent are the common red-and-black “ woolly beatae known to science as Pyrrharctia isabella. It is very seldom that - and along foot-paths, en route to some sintabie place for its a find the desired shelter, but if followed, it would be seen to cons Seat mcut in: its economy, or’ ‘simply for the pleasure: that : exercise may afford. Fic. 1.—The Isabella tiger-moth. PYRRHARCTIA ISABELLA: a, its larva; b, its” coe GC 00 opened to show the pupa. The Caterpillar Described. 7 j J REPORT OF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST WT. one-half in length. Its black body is thickly covered with long, stiff, barbed, spine-like hairs, which are of even length like close-cut bristles of a brush. The first four segments (of the twelve in which the body of caterpillars are divided) are black, as are also the last two, while the intermediate ones are red or chestnut-brown. If taken in the hand or arrested in its journeyings with a stick or the foot, in ‘rolls itself up in a ring, almost as tightly as the armadillo is reported to do, and for the same purpose —to protect itselffrom harm, or possible only as an inherited instinctive act. From this habit it has been given the name by which it is known in some of the western states, of “the hedge-hog caterpillar.” It is represented in Fig. 1, at a. Transformations of the Insect. At this season of the year (autumn) the caterpillar is not fully matured. It therefore retires, upon the approach of freezing weather, to some concealed place, as in an old stone wall, within a wood-pile, or under a board, where, rolled in a ring or doubled up like a bear, it may pass the winter in a semi-torpid state. Hereit remains, unless a succession of warm days should draw it temporarily from its retreat, until the warmth of spring arouses it again into activity. It comes abroad and feeds for a while on almost any garden or other succulent plant that it finds conveniently at hand. It is soon full-fed and in readiness in April or May for its transformations.* Again it retires to shelter, when it incloses itself within a dark-colored oval cocoon, consisting of asilken thread that it spins into a firm web about it, interwoven with the hairs rubbed or plucked from its body. The cocoon torn open, showing the pupa within, is represented in the above figure, at b. Within the cocoon it throws off its caterpillar skin and becomes a shining black, blunt-ended pupa. When ready for its final change _ the pupal case is rent by the movements of the imprisoned insect, _ and the moth emerges. Within a half-hour, with expanded and dried _ wings, it has become aperfect creature, prepared for flight, and for seeking the companionship of its mate. This laststage usually occurs _ during the months of June or July. The Moth Described. ' The moth is not conspicuous in coloring. Its wings are dull yel- low or a yellow-buff, with a few black dots and two or three indistinct _ brownish lines crossing the outer half of the front pair. The hinder a larva undergoes nine moltings before pupation—the largest number in twenty-eight a species of Bombycide of which he has recorded the stages—five being the usual number.] pa 2 ) i te ait eitngal of both species had been confined together. | i the box was opened one of the isabellas was discovered feeding some of the ichneumon flies when its rolled-up position opens t ee fea Rad is marked with a row of six blag a oe og mi lar row on each side, and two rows of smaller dots underneath. Th moths measure about: two inches in spread of water i Food of the Caterpillar. than is another of the woolly with long, uneven, , yellow named Spilosoma virginica. f . ae a rather Bia diet for it i is that of bis on 0 ee cardui, anh had transformed in a box in cane _ pupa which it had half consumed. Two had previously been An abundance of vegetable food was in the box. | Its Natural Enemies. It is not known to have many natural’ enemies; sivas anti poultry would not dare to eat it. It is occasionally parasiti 2° _Tieade of hairs sufficiently to admit of the insertion of an eg. wi or upon its body. [Of these, four species have been record Professor Riley, viz., Ophion macrurum (Linn.) Ichnewmon ea - Cress., Ichneumon signatipes Cress., and Trogus obsidianator F _ (American Entomlogist, iii, 1880, p. 184). Ophion arctic Riley has algo been bred from it (Insect Life, iii. 1890, p.155).) a i / | | Helophilus latifrons (Loew). (Ord. ‘Drerera: Fam. SyrpHipz.) Lorw: Diptera Americe ‘Septentrionalis indig., Century iv, 186 Wansu: in Amer. Entomol., ii. 1870, p. 142, f. 94. | . Me ‘Guover: MS, Notes Journ. -~ Dipt., 1874, p. 25, pl. 9, f. 21. — alon Osten Sacken: West. Dipt., in Bull. U. 8. G.-G. Surv., ‘iii, 1877 337; in Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. ee Tie ne p. 57;,Cat. 4; ESTO, (al 184 ey . WILLISTON : in Proc. Amer. slaumiulahyl eh Soc., , KX, 1882, p. as. sy LINtyer: Rept St. Entomol for 1885, in 1 30th Bek N. ¥. St Hist., 1887, p, 102-3 (as H, similis) i an | SaurE: Catalogue Ins. N. J., gine p. 386. me i" They are often to be seen in the bright sunshine of July and | st poised on rapidly vibrating wings, like the hawk moths and ing birds, over or near the blossoms that they frequent, and like uddenly darting away,if alarmed. From their peculiar motion, y of the English writers discourse of them under the appropriate y of “hover-flies.” A prominent color among them is a brilliant ; displayed i in conspicuous bands and spots and lines. Some of cies show a striking resemblance to bees, wasps, and hornets, ) doubtless often mistaken for them. Any one notan entomolo- ipon being shown a specimen of Volucella evecta Walker, or of is | flavipes Walker, would, without hesitation, pronounce it a 1 le-bee. Temnostoma alternans Loew, might easily at a little dis- : even by one familiar ee insects, be confounded with the I have seldom ‘the ie and beantiful Spilomyia fusca Loew from the blos-— of the Clematis without looking closely to see whether it not the white-faced hornet, Vespa maculata. The rare Ceria tella Loew has been brought to me from the trunks of the poplar, as a prettily marked wasp showing a peculiar g habit: its resemblance to Odynerus Philadelphie Sauss., is spots of the thorax, the yellow-spotted scutellum, the length aan and = size. Eristalis tenax (Linn.), so aony mimics 16 ¢ a’ Bc so large and attractive a family, very little has been d of the larve of these flies and their early history. A wonder- it rior, we may expect that increased attention will henceforth be D to this ening. family. a ; ay foie species are catioowen from the whole world, of which over Be | pundred are from North America north of Mexico. 30 _ ting the species is offered in the oy and gone elsewhere for pupation. The following is offered as a ett conteibution to ae nat history of Helophilus latifrons. — A Correction. , _ the Beit of erroneous determination of the specimens in my cabinet. : The two species bear go close a a resem s See Sy : p given by Dr. Williston, cencbae collections were often incorre named. The principal structural ‘the other differences as indiontér Fic. 2.— HELOPHILUS LATIFRONS, enlarged. Baron Osten Sacken, are ian c tional. A ready means of separa- form of the lateral black stripes of the thorax, which are less heavy in latifrons, and terminate in a point on the anterior : nd posterior margins, while in similis they appear to be continued broadly over them. The last-named species is also a stouter 3 form, having a comparatively broader Fis. 3.—HEnopHiuus sturzis, en thorax and abdomen. UH. latifrons is represented in figure 2, and H. similis in peure a Per Habitat o the Larva. fourth, but when a week later additional examples were ask only a half dozen could be found —all but these having left the ‘i } The Mature Larve: M; “The larvee were placed in a glass of water with an inch of g and dead vegetable matter at the bottom. They hid themselve de the ground, with their tails extended upward to the surfac ih piration, to an extent of two inches, sess when disturbed, eh partly contracted. ie ites ‘ ‘ ' Re Me REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST © 231 Within the following week, some of the larve were found floating upon the surface of the water. As this condition was believed to indicate approaching pupation, they were transferred to a box of dampened saw-dust, into which they buried themselves. Fic. 4.— Larva of HELOPHILUS LATIFRONS, enlarged. : At this time they presented the following features: The body was subcylindrical, narrowing somewhat anteriorly, and one-half of an inch in length by one-eighth of an inch broad; beneath, whitish, pale brown above, becoming darker toward the tail; the several segments show six divisions (as wrinkles or folds) above, of which the front one is the broadest; on segments two to seven apparently (the posterior ones not being separable) are six pairs of tubercle-like feet, which, | when protruded, show each a short black spine. The head bears anteriorly two brown, slender, blunt projections, so short as to be barely visible without a magnifier. The first two joints of the dark brown tail are corrugated, and measure seven-tenths of an inch in length, with the terminal biack-tipped extensile joint projecting from them one-fourth of an inch. ; Other larvee were transferred for pupation July sixteenth, eighteenth and the last on the twenty-fifth. Pupation. The transformation of the larva into the pupa and imago occurred within the material given it for the purpose. On the eighteenth of July, the first fly emerged; on the twenty-fifth the second appeared, and two others followed later, the dates of which were not noted. It _ appears from the above that the pupal stage is a brief one — of about ten days continuance. Habits of the Larva. My attention having recently been newly drawn to these rat-tail larvee, request was made of Dr. Morey for such information as he . might be able to give of the mode of occurrence and conduct of the company that had come under his notice in 1885. To his kindness, and habit of careful observation of animal forms which is so often associated with the advanced study and practice of medicine, we are indebted for the following interesting and valuable contribution to the history of these strange forms: The water-tank from which the larve sent to you were taken, was a road-side one on the farm of my father, in the town of Nassau. It — was the half of an old molasses cask or hogshead, which was fed by water running for about six rods through the old-fashioned wooden eg» ta) * r Oye el tA ale! Ppa ab ns os 1 oe * ay i , LE, . Ar ot eee Th aA hy a 4 i Ce ‘ ’ e Vay 'e eye ae J Lyi ‘ “ ¥ np Mine OE Sirah eee A ees ree i ta: ARE tee eh) eee “aT ‘ : z igh i! ay Seah» SE TOO Nie et te ; +4 Bs J Je TA ye tees e. ) ‘ Arak S x ‘ 232 Forry-rourra Reporr on THE Srane Moussum pipe (logs), a portion of which had. been there for from itty. e om seventy years. The water stood in it usually at a ‘depth of two feet. At the bottom was a sediment of light mud covered over with ba conferve which also grew upon and around the sides of the tank, in Bae all stages of growth and decay. Of the “rat-tails”—some were swimming about in the water at the depth of a foot or more belo the surface; some were creeping slowly, or more often remainin quiet on the sides of the tank, also below the surface; others (per haps a fifth part or less) were floating along with expended end of — tail at the surface, but a sudden jar would at once send them down- ward. They were able to remain underneath without coming up for — respiration for much longer time than the larval mosquito, T. were very sluggish in all their movements. Of those resting on the sides of the tank, some were at just the height to reach the surfac a with the tip of their tails. A few were observed on the outside of — the tub, on the shady or moist side, apparently working their way to — the ground, where they burrowed into, the soft, wet soil, and into some decaying portions of a willow log. It did not appear that any os buried into the mud at the bottom of the tub, although it was an inch or more in depth; indeed they were seldom geen on the bottor pis except as they might be hanging downward from the side. :‘ seemed to me, although I could not determine the fact, that the larvee were feeding on the decaying conferve in the water. The tub was - partially overhung and shaded for most of the day by a willow tree standing on the opposite side of the highway. ee I endeavored to procure more of the larve for you in 1886, ‘poten they did not make their appearance. The year following my father _ | removed the water-tank in consequence of a diminished water suppl from the old pipes, and since then, although I have kept them mind at their usual time of coming, I have not been able to find th elsewhere. Erroneous Larval Habits’ Reported. In the American Entomologist, ii, 1870, pp. 141, 142, Mrs. Mary 1 Tres in a paper entitled “Plant-lice and their Enemies,” has given account of the habit of some Syrphus-fly larve which she had rear as minutely detailed, from eggs deposited by the parent flies amo some plant-lice infesting Chrysanthemum slips while under glass. an extended note upon the article, mo kos be the en Cc Riley, he remarks as 8 follows: three species of the genus Syrphus, and one of Helophilus. The a ter is the A. aes of Loew (Pig. 94).” » The spec type Foraished) ae there is Elec some mista the matter. Helophilus latifrons could not have Fie.5.—Hetorut- reared from larve feeding on plant-lice. Its lar LUS LATIFRONS, natural size. aquatic ae and wholly incapable of pee in (After Riley.) examples sent by Mrs. Theat oa spots on the sides of the a rene above, nearly wag 16 e middle of the back; and. a narrow lage band on the segment Osten Sacken having observed it abundantly in the environs of ancisco, Cal., and having received it from the Red River of the Professor Dr. ted of Eristalis tenax — of soiling the petals of some delicately i J flowers. oa a ses It has been Apes in iw J ersey, feeding, in in? 234 Forry-rourtH Reporr on THE State Museum large numbers, on the pollen of corn; while in Florida it has beex p discovered in great abundance, engaged in puncturing the saccharin cells of the leaves at their base and ‘also of the stalks, and sucking up — the exuding juice. Thus far, no serious injury has been seen to result a from its operations.* i ‘ Chloropisca prolifica (Osten Sacken). The Prolific Chlorops. : (Ord. Dierera: Fam. Oscrnip2.) | a es he LintNER: Fourth Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1888, pp. 67-72, f. 30; in (and from) 41st. ie Rept. a, St. Mus. et Hist., 1888, pp. 187-192, f. 30; in New York * 23, 1890; ia Coulee Gentleman, for Sica 1890, lv, p. 349. itd a 56 . In the “Fourth Report on the Insects of New York (41st Rept. on. E. the New York State pole of Natural History) for the Year 1887, Te iy * bi cee notice during the year, as hibernating in immense ined ine he i dwelling-house, in Franklin, N. H. It was found to be an unde scribed species of the Oscinide, and was accordingly given the namé | of Chloropisca prolifica Osten Sacken. Figure 6, representing it, is from a drawing made by Mr. J. Bridgham, greatly enlarged — the 8 cross-lines beside it giving the natural size.{ Fic. 6.— The Prolific Chlorops, CHLOROPISCA PROLIFICA, enlarged. Remarkable Gatherings of the Fly. } 5 Examination showed it to be closely allied to other specie Oscinidcee, which, under the generic name of Chlorops had © * Insect pee i, 1888, Dp. | 6, 1 directed. ris Tne CASE reli) SMV why Wea 46 J Bridghcan. Fic. 7.—Details of structure in different degrees of enlargement, of CHLOROPISCA PROLIFICA. brats ee ewe BO REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 235 described and recorded as occurring in immense assemblies for their hibernation within buildings in different countries of Europe, as in England, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Russia. The flies had usually assembled during the month of September, and collected in a particular room or limited portion of a building where they passed the winter for the most part in a torpid state and in concealment, and departed in the early spring (March) for their unknown breeding grounds. These gatherings had been deemed of such interest, from their immense numbers, amounting to many millions, the unusual features displayed in their hibernation, and the inability to trace them to their source in any of the cereal crops in which they were believed to breed, that, whenever brought to the notice of scientific men, they have always been deemed worthy of attention, and of record some- times quite detailed. ' Three Known Localities in the United States. Another late summer gathering and winter hibernation of the same fly, in addition to the New Hampshire locality, was reported during the same year, at Alfred Center, N. Y., which is also noticed in the report above cited. The present year, a third of these interesting occurrences, scien- tifically viewed, has been brought to light, which is also of the same insect, Chloropisca prolifica. As these three are the only ones of the kind recorded from the United States in our literature, it seems not improbable that future studies will show the fly to be a comparatively recent introduction, and identical with seme of those that have long been known in Europe as possessing similar habits, but of which, although some have been referred to Chlorops and given specific des-_ ignation, their identifications, according to Baron Osten Sacken, were not made by competent persons, and are therefore of no value whatever. The third locality is at Ausable Forks, in northern’ New York, where a large company of the fly has, for the last few years, been making an annual visit to, and finding winter quarters in, the resi- dence of Mr. H. D. Graves. For the interesting account which I am able to present of the visits of this insect, I am indebted to the kind- ness and courtesy of Mrs. Graves, as shown in her readiness to give me any desired information, and to extend aid in endeavoring to dis- cover the source of herintrusive and unwelcome guests. The following account is compiled from the several letters received from her upon the subject. ! Pi apartment. _ observed on a veranda on the second floor, over the noche nae _ annoying to the person. The servants of the house declared they were bitten or stung by them, but this must have been who which they would creep unpleasantly, and at times become entang’ in the hair, when their peculiar “buzz” would be given. — each summer at about the same time upon the veranda, i i the middle of the day. This would continue for about three weeks, | ee were observed creeping into the openings in te frames ies ts nn " si TiO " T af | i . yan int Lig | i rat a aS as ¢ Oden t Gut) Sy : n . mn rend i yy ¥ 7" “ “ ers * ¢ , * ( PSR Silas eae ree ae 236 Forty-rourvTH ae ORT ON THE Stare M USEUM : Mrs. Grows! Account of the Fly. ap Ted Its first notice.—The first appearance of the fly was in the last of of July or early part'of August in 1882 or 1883, on the brick wall of the northeast side of the house, under a veranda. After that, they came the family to leave their seats and find shelter within doors amie when they would disappear as suddenly as they came. Occasionally — ‘ one would be seen within doors during the winter months. eg Observed within doors.—Three years ago, in February, “swarms ” of (the house is a double one, steam-heated, and the occupied rooms are mainly on the south side). Since then they have increased in number each year, and at their last coming, they have been exceedingly numerous, and have “swarmed on the windows all winter.” With the exception of stray individuals they are confined to this one In the sleeping rooms, a few— three or four —were occasionally " found concealed beneath pillows, stand-covers, ete. When routed out from their retreats. they would depart with an “angry buzz.” __ Not controllable by Pyrethrum powder.—Attempt was made to destroy them with pyrethrum. All that were seen could be killed by t is and the lath-and- Plas ‘ : When the nights were cold, those seen on the outside of the house . which the window-cords ran. | Some annoying habits.— Except by their innumerable presence, at the time of their advent and departure, they were not seriously imaginary. They would often alight on the hands and face, o and i in any "other house at Ausable Forks, nor in any of the Not a single one had been ‘but no response was received. l and departure.— The flies have not been observed either in 5, suspected that their flights are made during the night or peer of pecinens An advance guard seems. to signalize the Oieaia. diminution in number, through having crept into a holes for their winter retreat. In a short time, all have ; _ house. The window panes, especially, abound with them "This is a favorable time to apply pyrethrum to them, ¢ and hosts are killed in et dundee By t ‘ie means and by u served flight, their number continues to decrease toward the i 4 ct oh aegis { Interesting Features in Chibropiact In the above recital, several points of interest in the history : economy of the fly may be noticed, the chief of which are thes Leaving its food-plant each season in the month of August (he summer), and speedily taking possession of quarters where i pass the autumn and winter in inactivity and hibernation; its « side; its awakening into activity in early spring and appearan myriads; its eee on the outer wall oF the se a and hae e come into existence,t so in this instance, the Chloropisca dies ; after it has done all that it can do for its progeny in depositin eggs upon the plants which will nourish and Bae them to ma’ _ Where Does Chloropisca Breed ? _ the hope that some clue to the 1 source of the Chloropisea, request was made‘of Mrs. Graves for some phi of her noel its immediate surroundings. From her satisfactory reply, we : the following : : We The house is brick, three stories and an attic. It faces nearly is on a corner lot, 140 feet from the street in front, and 120 feet the street on the north side. The lot, all of which is in lawn, ex plot of about a hundred square feet ‘reserved for flowers, is 20 on the east side and 280 feet deep on the north side: then comes t flower garden, and back of that again more grass, old orchard, ind small fruits, ending atthe foot ofa steep hill covered ont 1 side from street to top with a Aare growth of pine avece, * Mrs. Graves had swept up and burned over a half Hae of the flies i in the of April. : tExceptions are found in Me ants, bees, and termites, and sdcaeanee to Spence, in certain species among the Sphecide, Tenthredinidee, Scolytide, Pent | Forficulide. See . Believing that they would.be found coming out of the 3 : of the lawn, and availing myself of the generous offer of Mrs. date of September 2d, Mrs. Graves wrote: “I went out again lorning, and after stirring up the grass with my hands, I kept Jy still for the cloud of flying things to settle. I felt like ng Eureka! when I saw Chloropisca in numbers on my dress ands. Those that settled on the chamois gloves that I had on, not say from this that the pest is in the grass, but it fre: is e grass abundantly.” receipt of the above, the further suggestion was made, to Wejae nie yaa sa isis 28 Phi Cet i ADEs s batt : vn “Report ls ir oe Ewromonoeisr “ — 239 oa give me any assistance in her power, I wrote Baers . bee ( = an ap EE eae eer ae” et *; Pe os ne ei wa ry - > * _ Phytomyza ?nigricornis. WESTWOOD : in headin: smh Chronicle, Mey submitted to Baron Osten Sacken for his determination. some of the statements of Curtis misleading.” ee ee so rare occurrence that, without awaiting his permission, lish the above explanation, relying upon his well-known reac acknowledge and correct any error accidentally made. — gr 242 Wokrr-ro URTH Revorr « on rae Sane 4 M UseUM a Phytomyza chrysanthemi n. sp. Wer The Chrysanthemum Fly. ae . adit Drerera: Fam. Pavroxyzia,) N ot Phytomyza Lites of ee Meme Grane, a ate Phytomyza afinis. Fauconer: in Amer. Florist, ii, 1887, p. 297. Se Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz MS. J ACK in eine and Forest, 1890, p. 440, figs. 55 f. f. g. : a 7 1883, p. 593. Ud years, was given in the Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1 under the name of the Marguerite Fly — Phytomyza lateralis Fallen, having been identified with the Huropean species of that name y Baron Osten Sacken, to whom examples had been sent. | “big The Marguerite Fly not Phytomyza lateralis. } Early CHa da year, Baron Osten Sacken anformed me of the 7 misled you in his case by a wrong Fp i remember now under what circumstances I committed that b b and cat anes me from sending the penis te to . of Composites and the other from the leaves. No wonder that I 7 A wrong determination by the diatineaatenoil European. ai helibus 4 in dorso thoracis vix ullis i 9. et terebra distincte (Q) diversa. Fronte et epistomate flavis, antennis totis nigris, cum scutello cinereis, aut unicoloribus, aut lineola pallida ante n thoracis lateribus parum perspicua, pedibus nigris, geniculis m pallidis, abdomime nigro, margine postico segmentorum 1m eee segmenti ultimi latiore flavo.— Long. corp. species is strikingly like P. affinis Fall., and differs from it only jbsence of the acrostichal bristlets (at least on the front part cee dorsum), and in the shorter ovipositor. f the eye. Thorax and scutellum uniformly gray, sometimes ity bar the scutellum; scutellum with four Sa ae se on the ings almost hyaline; veins blackish, yellowish near the root; al vein reaches the tip of the third vein only, which tip is far distant from the tip of the wing; the first, second, and third re distinct, the other lon gitudinal veins are thin, especially the , which ends in the tip of the wing; the sixth vein is incom- the posterior crossvein is wanting; tegule and halteres pale ow. legs black, only the knees pale-yellow; sometimes also the 1anters of the forelegs yellow. Abdomen black, but little shin- the ventral sides more or less distinctly pale-yellow; the posterior ‘the anterior segments with an exceedingly narrow pale-yellow ; on the last segment this margin is more distinct. Genitals hose of the male of moderate size; the ovipositor of the female as mae ag'the last abdominal segment. Twenty specimens. q Toot possesses the most Eeeiare knowledge and experience of European cys 80 far as the discrimination of species is concerned.’”’—( Baron Osten ais be heii the inner row of ate dorso-central bristles.— 0. s. +i tiles distinct, gene narrow, hardly equal to one-third of the er with a Daa lateral stripe in front of = root of ee ee c xa On, eo ‘ot oe =r ~ Fa oo ee he wo = ee aay ‘atts re ee we? -: » i e is , % im . S (AY nih, Le pK a a Be “a Pam Wig % ee ese, ae a ae ih ie by i j 5 i ’ ie ¥ sae . ete ene et ue 7 AAP Te Rete 8 a eas lot Be ME LPS he One (Ne wie. Par ‘ +3 vv , AW os : , ‘ i bite 944° = Forry-rourtH REPORT ON THE | Operations: and Figures of the Insect. | I : Mr. Jack has kindly given me permission to use the figures il , trating the insect which accompanied a brief notice of it in a I number of the Garden and Forest (luc. cit.). The figure of the fly my Fourth Report was not from nature but from Curtis’ Phytom: lateralis, with which ours had been pronounced identical. Wt f Fie. 8.—The Chrysanthemum fly, Paytomyza CHRYSANTHEMI, with its larva ) minesinachrysanthemum leaf. © = — Mr. Jack has also informed me that the insect had be ‘some in the vicinity of Boston during the past three or but had only come under his observation about a year a ¢ / . one east, and these, of course, soon ante and dry. Differences Shown in the Mines. ure with the leaf represented in my Fourth Report, a great ivision and tooth of the leaf, and in no instance crossing tself; in that figured by Mr. Jack its course is quite irregular, tortu- | us, guenily crossing, and only in two places touching the margin, as if : gident. This great variance would. seem to be quite in (OxCesS of difference so marked suggested the possibility that the flies sub- d to Mr. Kowarz may not have been identical with those that had placed in Baron Osten Sacken’s hands. It did not appear that had been direct comparison of the two lots of specimens, nor m exchange been made between Mr. Jack and myself. To set estion at rest, a number of those reared by me in 1887 from the Lo ig Island larve, was sent this autumn to Mr. Kowarz, with the an sived from Mr. J ack. ‘ show ue Comparison to be Identical. a ae promptly returned the undoubted identity of the two leclared: the last sending was Ph. chrysanthemy 3 in litt. In addi- 4 Compared with Deer ita. obi chal peel and ee the anaes shorter and weaker ovipos- f the female: unfortunately I could not compare it with the affinis. Ph. chrysanthemi has sometimes a row of acrostichal 32 a leaf figured above is’that of the large Japanese Chrysanthemum, i sh the operations of the larva are rather rare. Upon comparing - uest that he would compare them with those in his possession - i hee. ~ a aa a. - ~ * Te. = hg oe ee ee ee ee ja hnd hie: As Uae. ete ¥ a /. pid oe aay are A nbn gy or Leena = ee Wy Le eS age ee ae 3) + en . % gn a Sy e. =); Rs ¥ A 4 A i Sy a re eee, Pe sie a: 6 toe _ known to me, Ph. affinis confines itself to the leaves of a few Ranune a Pau. DE ieee: Ins. recueil. en. aug et Amer., , 1805, P. 138 (as Eo Entomology, p. 393, is the true Napomyza lateralis Fallén. was recognized as a pest not to be controlled by ordinary remedie: appears from a note of Mr. W. Falconer, written January 31, - indication of their operations, and plucking and deptrowinel Be infested leaf.” 5 ae 2 wi eben 31,3 ' et ‘x she, he i} a Pe ie tay 246 “Forry-ro URTH Reporr on THE Srare 2 Sees Moseoxe eae on - ef ae bristlets, but always in so insignificant EE es that OS could almos be left out of consideration in comparison with P. affinis. Ph. chrysanthemi is certainly not identical with Ph lateralis Fall. Zett., Schin., which, on account of the venation, Haliday has placed in a distinct ‘genus — Napomyza. It appears also, extraord: narily like that in color and size, but lacks the posterior transvers vein. WN. lateralis lives in the base of the flowers of a few Composita while Ph affinis and Ph. chrysanthemi are true leaf-miners. So far a lacece, while Ph. chrysanthemi mines in the leaves of Composite. __ I have not identified Ph. chrysanthemi with Ph. affinis, because believe that from the absence of the bristlets and from the featu of the ovipositor, the claim of the former to be a distinct spec could be established. The illustration in your Report for 1887, copied from Curtis’ Brit It would be quite interesting to learn to what Phytomyza the « belongs which burrows in the leaves of Aquilegia, as figured on pe fy of your Report; perhaps it is the Ph. affinis Fall. Remedy for the Insect. : eee In the former notice of this insect (4th Rept. Ins., N. Y., p. 76), ie examined at , brief intervals after the first recognition of the atta and every infested leaf picked off and burned. , This method seems to have been quite effective in the orden of Mr. Dana, at Dosoris, L. L., where the insect was first notice Dynastes Tityus (Linn.). The Spotted Horn-bug, or the Rhinoceros Beetle. (Ord. CoLzoprTEra: Fam. ScaraBaIpz.) cae a Aer Entomol. Bot, ii, 0p P. 276 foatares). : F tn rt: Ane ii, “te86, ae 163 Mee for the ash); in Proc. Ent. _ Soc. Wash., ee 1888, p. ES och N. ©). ON: in Canad. fitomol. - Xviii, 1886, p. 112 (change in color and _ noises made). ER: 5th Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1889, pp. 297- 231, figs. 26, 27 (general account). LL: in Insect Life, iii, 1891, p. 395 (dug up under a woodshed i in Va. ie 18 notice of this insect in the Fifth Report on the Insects of New ee reference only is made to its larva. My attention lothing descrip- * of its larva or could be found r publications. | | inquiry of Dr. Fia. 9. Side view of the’Rhinoceros beetle. } if he could assist me in the matter, he has most kindly given publication the careful and extended descriptions which fol- of these two stages, taken from the MS. notes on Undescribed — terous Larve, upon which, in connection with Mr. E.: A. arz, he has been for a long time engaged. Figures illustrative of were also made, to accompany the descriptions, electrotypes vhich privilege grateful acknowledgment is rendered. +. eee Description of the Larva. 7 -brown. Head slightly wider than long, convex above, Bea ore a: the narrow interstices ine a few long sete are Peeatite ienay convex tera Tk no trace of ocelli; er ae ee ee which have been furnished me, with permission for their use— _ | ong 13 aig da Of the normal Lamellicorn form, enlarging 3 ‘mandibles piceous or black, other mouth-parts and legs pale > ‘A ely rugose-punctate over the whole surface, the punctations , pao than head, consisting of four joints and a large, trans- Spee ee it See ee ee ™ eel? 248 FORTY-FOURTH ReporT ON THE STATE | Mvsecm verse basal tubercle; joints 1-3 clavate; joint 1 HOU twice as long as at its width at tip; joint 2 one-fourth longer than joint 1; joint 3 as ee ‘ahs as peat 1, slightly and obliquely produced at its lower apical ‘oe : angle; joint 4 somewhat shorter than joint 3, acu minate at tip; labrum a little longer than the cly- peus, slightly narrowing anteriorly, sides rounded, anterior margin truncate fiat | and armed with long stiff bristles; upper surfac rugosely punctate. Man- dibles nearly as oe ¥ ing inner surface anit ti smooth; edge of scissorial — part with three obtus teeth, the terminal o / large and triangular, t middle one smaller b also triangular, the b one rectangular, the tl teeth as well as the ma ducatorial tooth larger the left than on the ri mandible; left mand torial tooth quite promin: ent at the anterior ed and forming aright angl. Fra. 10.—Larva of the Rhinoceros beetle, DyNASTES with the scissorial surface; Trryvus, in natural size, with its mandibles enlarged: = igh + shanducatomel toot with its anterior edge not prominent, under surface of scissor part opaque at tip, smooth and shining toward the base; stridulat surface about three and one-half times longer than wide at midé the ridges becoming finer and shorter towards the apex. Lobes maxille connate on the under (outer) side, except that there i shallow, smooth dividing furrow at tip; on the upper (inner) the dividing suture is distinct throughout : _both lobes ae cles; the outer lobe terminates in a stout thorn, inner lobe at tip ae Ry three closely set triangular teeth; stridulating teeth on inner surfac not placed on a distinct ridge and consisting of six larger anc or three very small. and indistinct teeth; ne ae ee a si | ese ema TR Belo oy fs REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 249 the under side smooth and shining, opaque and spinulose on the upper surface; palpi of the usual form. Prothoracic joint, when viewed from the side, slightly longer than the other two thoracic joints. Dorsally the three thoracic and the first six abdominal joints are essentially alike in length and sculpture; they ba are triplicate in the usual manner and covered with rather sparse, small, shining tubercles, each giving rise to a stiff, moderately long, | blackish spine, directed backwardly; there is also on each joint a _— more or less regular transverse row of long brownish sete. The last qm four abdominal joints are much longer, not sulcate and much _ smoother; the anal joint longer but much narrower than the pre-anal, aa transversely convex and evenly rounded at tip, its surface is sparsely , beset with irregular long sete more densely so at tip. On its under : surface and not visible from above, the terminal joint has a trans- "f verse slit which causes it to appear divided in two parts. Spiracles large, the abdominal ones regularly short-oval in outline, the break in the peritrema very narrow; prothoracic spiracle decidedly larger, ’ more oblong and less regular in outline. i Legs stout, covered with long but rather sparse setz; second pair | thicker and slightly longer than the first; third pair again longer than the second; the claw is short, robust, and subulate at tip. Under surface of abdomen more shining, more sparsely tubercled and less spiny than the upper surface. . ’ The description is made from an alcoholic larva found in a rotten } gtuump at Wilkesboro, N. C., in the month of June. ‘Attention is called to the fact that Dr. Eugéne Dugés in describing the larva of the Mexican: Dynastes Ayllus,* says, that the larva is dis- tinguished from that of Strategus julianus only by the sculpture of the body and the form of the last abdominal ‘joints. In the former ¥ species the abdominal joints and the two posterior thoracic joints are ve said to be furnished with numerous longitudinal folds (plis), and the a terminal joint flattened above so that when viewed from above it 4 appears to be triangular in outline. Referring to DeHaan’s figure of Dynasies hercules,+ I find the general sculpture and the form of the last abdominal segment to correspond with those of our D. Tityus, and as I know of no Lamellicorn larva having longitudinal folds except from contraction, I half suspect that those im Dugés’ specimen were unnatural. Description of the Pupa. Pupa of male.— Covered with a very fine velvety pruinosity and therefore opaque. Where the pruinosity is abraded the body appears to be somewhat shining. No distinct sculpture is visible; horns on head and prothorax much thicker and stouter than in the imago, and faintly ringed transversely. Mesonotum and metanotum with a very fine faintly impressed median line. The sutures between the first six abdominal joints are deeply and suddenly depressed, the joints them- selves appearing to be very short and somewhat gibbous. Base of the first joint as well as the anterior and posterior-margin of the four following joints and the anterior margin of the sixth, furnished on * Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique. xxxi, 1887, p. 137. ¥ Nour. Ann, Mus. ad’ Hist. Nat., iv, 1835, pl. Tay fig. kK fpr Oh lee * 7 enh >t 4 ome) F a. i x ‘ fad 7 3 > ‘i bi \ ip pace Bly peg) Ms hy A yt bed p ee Wy ea) Ay, as st bis, ¢ ; \ *, p. rer A of a, i il Midi bah ls ; \ ' mM Mie tw R an a WW. te ee ok RE 5 rr f a PAW Uk : ' Sh ave Cena ee \ / , : K J y 1 a M 950 _ Forry-ro URTH REPORT ON THE State M USEUM each side of the middle oh two foaneene. slightly impressed aren surrounded =e sharply defined shining shea The posterior margir of the sixth joint is slightly lobed : middle, but withou transverse impres-— sions; anterior mar- gin of seventh joint in the middle with two small stigma-— like impressions, and — on each side with two large, trans- verse, and china T areas. The 3 below, represent two. large irregularly-— oval lobes which are ~ contiguous at tip and thence diverg- ing. Pleure very indistinctly limited above and beneath. The four anterior Fiq@. 11.— Pupa of the Rhinoceros beetle, Dynastes TiTyus: pairs of abdominal - . @, Side view; b, dorsal view. - In natural size. spiracles are stri etly dorsal, very large, oblong and transversely placed; the posterior pairs of spiracles can not be seen in the specimens before me: they are _ probably smaller than the anterior ones. “ai Described from two specimens, both dried up and injured. i The peculiarities of the genus in the adolescent states, as for | instance, the rotten-wood feeding habit of the larva, the strong, peculiar odor of the larva and pupa lasting even after death, and fa stridulation of the mmago, [*| are ao recorded by authors. — & . A Mexican Cv of Dynuastes. | ‘. species in the place above cited. *There is no record of the stridulation of the larva having been heard. Dr. Hamil _ (loc. cit.) has remarked of the imago: “While no stridulating organs are present, the: have the power to produce a sound that may answer the same purpose, somew! resembling that of an angry goose. The pygidium and part of the last ventral surfa are very hairy, and by withdrawing the abdomen from the elytra so as to adm and then suddenly forcing it out through the hair by a sudden extension, a nois produced that is rather alarming to one unacquainted with their harmlessness.” 1G Fi . 12.— The larva of DYNASTES HyLuus. FIGs. 13, 14, 15, the pupa of the same in lateral 1 ventral, and dorsal views. ~ M, ae PO! aT aay a in Be tsxine the opening, two pupe of ‘fue (Figs. 13, 14 Re ere found, inclosed in a large (une énorme) cocoon formed of the 18 in which the larve had lived, smooth on the interior, and of ths, notice of this insect in the Fifth Report on the Insects of New L, referring to its feeding habits, Mr. G. E. Murrell is quoted as oth limb, and, rising to the full extent of their legs, move their e body backward and forward like a plane, using several chisel- yrojections on the under side of the head for cutting — stopping Saag as soon as the alburnum is reached. E.. you ict of an ash limb, planed by the beetles, from 1 you can see that they feed on the alburnum, and the size of the ng that they take at a stroke. They do not eat the leaves, but 4 iY it dend, and the ENG Rerfoauted with holes next to the tree-_ eee of Dr. Hamilton has represented these cocoons as “oblong cases out three to four inches long and three inches in diameter, composed of the rotted yd in n which they were imbedded.” hich were acted near them, the larve of which live ee id and feed on s (American Entomologist, i, 1868, p. 60). i _ Trans. Amer. Entomolog. Soc., iii, 1870, p. 78, a8 a variety of D. Tityus: itis so ef 252 . Forty-ro URTH pe ye on THE 5 Snare Mosnum wood, which is then eaten. More than the tender cambium leer | been apparently removed — possibly all of the exposed alburnum, in the pieces received, the bottom of the wound shows patches of black ie and dead wood, overgrown at their margins by the new growth that ay had taken place since the injury was inflicted. Oy ‘Another quite different habit of obtaining food has been asetitedl at ae to ee by some writer whom we can not 1 now refer to, : nor would a tears the bark as to give it the food desired — either the inner an or, a8 some suppose, the sap that flows from the laceration. ae the beetles a be both bark-eaters and aap- -suckers. length,” in Hell’s Canon, Arizona, that ‘“ they are always fount neg 3 the tips of branches, where, by means of their projecting thoracic horns, they scrape through the soft bark to cause a flow of s which i is very sweet, and of this consists their food.” : In further remark upon the feeding habits of the beetle, ] Lugger may be quoted, in giving the water-ash [black ash] Frasxi sambucifolia as its favorite food-plant. On the shore of east Maryland he had attracted the beetle by bruising ash-twigs - friend from Mexico having informed him that in that country tl - were so taken (Hnt. Amer., loc. cit.). The bruised leaves of this spec of ash are well known for the peculiar odor that they give forth Asa Gray has compared it to the scent of elder. z Variations in Color. soihety dived with paler brown.” | Some have thought these darker colors to be oa result of c . Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ttinolboieal Society, vii, 1885, p. 121. Ya +t This species is thought by Dr. Horn to be Dynastes Granitii, described by Fifth Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1889, p. 227, but is now regarded as a valid ppecies. a Reseed, about three weeks after Slane taken [from their 3 when they were “soft and white’ |, the male was assuming the 1 hue, and in three weeks more was normally colored. The dong entirely mei and in four weeks had changed to nearly le had taken on the greenish tint, with the usual brown No further change in color has occurred till the present, th. It may be possible that the brown males and females ed by writers are immature individuals, as it would appear ‘hiner beetle,” _Dynastes Tityus! How far back my oe Libhart of Marietta, Pa., in 1839, and was ape ar Wrightsville, York county, Pa. Twenty years later, I received a ecimen that was captured in the same county opposite Mari- ich is about three miles above Wrightsville. In the mean- ad received a male and female from Kentucky, and a male ne of (co aera in the county of Lancaster. The trunk, 7 B ievention, and was pers able to secure a wea pair, from a a *Dr. Rathyon died at Lancaster, Pa on March 19, 1891. oe ; . i / ‘gi 59 or 1860 a large willow tree was blown down by a storm, at in Lancaster city who obtained them on the spot. Perhaps dozen were secured and the others permitted toescape. Isub- — My ante? 254 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum © i sequently came in possession of a female which had been captures a) near New Holland, about ten miles east of Lancaster. The largest — specimen that I have ever seen from this state, was taken within ov a city limits in 1870. This one, a male, I kept alive in a wire cage for | several days, but he eventually forced some of the wires apart ss ie i made his escape and was never recovered. In 1873, in a wood about three miles northwest of Lancaster cian just where one tree had fallen across another—both much decayed under the bark in the rotten wood, I secured three very large spec mens of larve, which I believed to belong to Dynastes. Not being — otherwise prepared, I put them in the outside pocket of a skeleton summer coat, filling it with the. debris. When I reached home, — two hours or more later, I found a _ hole cut throug’ Spi the pocket and _ the larve had escaped, nor were thed : to be found in the vehicle. As the skirt of the coat ‘hung outside of the seat, they had doubtless fallen to the ground — somewhere on the road. I feel pretty sure that they were not the ~ larvee of Copris, Osmoderma, or any species of Lachnosterna, nor y Passalus. They were the largest Lamellicorn larve I had ever se too large, also, I think, for Zucanus. Its Occurrence in New York. In: my previous notice of this insect, its occurrence in this state Ww a8 inferred from Dr. Fitch having given it place in his Third Report on the Insects of New York, among the insects of the cherry tree. B: upon referring to what he had written of it, this appears: “I hi specimens of it from Pennsylvania, but know not of its ever so been found in New York.” | * | For my first knowledge of its occurrence within our state, I indebted to Mr. Berthold Fernow, who has informed me, that | evening in the latter part of July, 1889—the precise date was I noted — as he was sitting by an open window, at Kingston, a | female Dynastes flew in and Bete: on his table. It was ee Hae in pursuit. ai There is no record of uberis ithe being attracted to ie neys of dite! He had found rales of as many as ay deserted cabin.” Where this occurred, was not stated. os Query : What can be the attraction of chimneys to the Dyn Possibly it is the same with that which sometimes, accordin “Walsh and Riley,” leads the larveé of the Hellgrammite fly, “ i at . ~~. 9 ie i ee of a low one story f Hains buildin g EMiepbonesied ?] Bruchus obsoletus Say. The Bean- Weevil. | (Ord. Cozzoprrra: Fam. BrvucHIDz.) E i Liens, Soc. Epenae: Domes. Ind., 1861, p. 62 (as B. fabe). HVO! erin Amer. Entomol., ii, 1870, p. 118 (occur. in Penn., discus. of aden, N. J.), p. 374 (do. from Pa.); in Trans. Kans. St. Hort. Soc. for 1872, 1873, p. 110 (in Kansas). Bon. Surv. Terr., 1877, p. 767 ne B, fabe); Guide Stud. Hine 4878, pp. 484, 711, pl. 14, figs. 8, 8a (as B. varicornis); Entomol. ie a _ Beginners, 1888, p. 104 a ekens as B. obsoletus), p. 207 (mention of . I 3. fabee wae ia] egies, Arata ae in irae at Sei. St. Louis iii, 1877, aa ». 220 eaported) in N. Y. Tribune, Feb. 20, 1878 (habits and WEED: in7th Ann. Rept. O. Agricul. Exper. St. for 1888, 1889, p. 163, f. ' . nearly thirty years following, it does. not appear to have ass economic importance. © \ 4 ’ ‘ : ‘ Ak \ ‘ q : th Sis) a fis e a vitarezavue 256°! Drbari pouneake Report ON THE rae Stare Mosc i a oe "e te Harrineton: in 7th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1880, 1881, of 60, f. 33 ‘oat Dwicut: in Trans. Vass. Bros. Inst., i, 1881, pp. 80-87. fanpensyia Poughkeepsie). Lintner: in Count. Gent., xlvi, 1881, p. 7 (distribution and remedies, as fabee), p. 795 (general account, as R. obsoletus) ; id., xlviii, 1883, Dp. (remedies, as B. fabw); 2d Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1885, p. 49 (distrib. remedies); in New Eng. Homestead, Dec. 21, 1889, p. 425 (remec 6th Rept. Ins. N. Y. 1890, pp. 178, 185 (ref. to notices) ; in Cor Gent. lv., 1890, p. 898 (life-history, breeds in old beans, remedy). LazEnByY: in ist ‘Ann. Rept. O. Agricul. Exper. St., 1883, p. 80 (menti on, B. fabe). ae DimMock: in Cassino’s Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 1884, p. 335 (brief reference Doran: Rept. Econom. Ent. Cs soa 1886, pp. 204-206 (injuries in i nessee, etc). BETHUNE: in 17th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1887, p. 60, f. 36 (remedies). ; Ritry-Howarp: in Insect Life, i, 1889, p. 316 (introduction in California) for killing); in id., for 1889, 1890, p. lii (continuation of injuries ae Hamitton: in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, 1889, p. 150 (distribution, e Os ‘ in Psyche, vi, 1891, p. 148 (on a synonym). * FauveL: in Revue d’Entomologie, viii, 1889, p. 153 (gives synony! follows; B. obtectus Say, obsoletus Say, fabe Riley, irresectus pallidipes Fahr., subellipticus Woll., Breweri Crotch.). paige Janson: in Ormerod’s Injur. Farm-Fruit Ins. So. Africa, 1889, pp. f. 13 (in So. Africa, descrip. and remedies as B. ? se ie ipeenap in Insect Life, ii, 1890, p. 332 (in au oe (brief life-history). cam REITTER: in Cat. Coleop. Eur., Cauc., Armen. Ross., 1891, p, 332 (as ey irresecta Fahr.). ] A Comparatively Recent Insect Pest. The bean-weevil, Bruchus obsoletus has been added to our. insect pests within a comparatively recent time. No mention of it in the published writings of Dr. Harris or Dr. Fitch, a! Dr. Harris deemed it desirable to devote four pages of his Tre the Insects of New England to its intimate associate (of later the garden and field — Bruchus pisorum (Linn.).* In earlier y like many of the insect pests of the agriculturist, it undoubtedl; on some one or more of the many wild plants of the pulse or family. Its first recognition and description by Thomas 8S: sixty years ago, was from western specimens obtained by! the seeds of an Astralagus—a genus of leguminous plan 8. B Sa TE Ew oor of (a = - - - = Jot ato - Ao ag Pais an aeedeacbel Tusdeh | Ln jane time been accepted as @ native la i but from A es SS eae es ——, ) Lar) © fan) oo) | . Known Under Two Names. erences separating some of the species of the Bruchide are ht as would naturally be expected in so large a family (about Horn, our gunueded authority in the Coleoptera, not being able to ce ’ eas differences of specific value, has referred them to ne In a late Washington aera edited by Dr. ee ig > 4 a> r infe * the plants of this order in the tropics. Kirby and Sibabe state: “In climates the seeds of almost every pod-bearing plant, as of the genera — , Theobroma, Mimosa, Robinia, ete., are eaten by some species of Bruchus.” See — G. Jack, in “ Weevils in Leguminous Tree-seeds,” in bys Ca and Forest, iv, 280, 281, eis 49. 4 a! 7 waren it inquiry of Mr. Fletcher, Entomologist of the Experimental Farm: informs me that he has no knowledge of its occurrence i 5 - 4 fad Ry r M ry "iy # ; oe * 4 L vn) Awa oe ‘ ee Wf yay r ; , v 4 ry io “Ban ae a i" _ $ y se ae uf i ih - ve ¥* 4 © ‘ 4 tal in 1 the supplies furatened to, the army in “South Carolina, in rete to the extent that the holders were in the habit of soaking the: and afterwards laying them out to dry in order to allow the beet to escape.* ‘ Its Baie Spread and its Distribution. The rapidity with which the attack of this insect spread over the ff country, was somewhat remarkable. The ten years following i it : ty earliest notice seems to have carried it over a large part of the United States. When Prof. meet wrote of it in 1870, it had oe carried with the army into several of the See States. Weetwas it had obtained a firm footing I in Mlinois 1 in 1865; in Lene it made teria valley. ‘ In the present year, it made its appearaney in Colo (Cockerel, loc. cit.). 3 , : It would be strange and unaccountable if it has not yet invad Canada, but no notice of its presence there is known to me, and upc Dominion, nor has Mr. Saunders. As the beetle is vs sluggish habits, and not addicted to figh means of infested beans. This is the explanation oe its beir often reported to us from various portions of the United States new pest of the bean, never before known in that particular lo Its distribution would doubtless be very PGS | wore f o, 1 oe Riloy: in Third Report on the Insects of Missouri, 1871, p. 52, Boe) Fiteh MS, ’ t Insect Life, v. i, 1889. p, 316. ~ ial Exhibition”— among twenty- eight species of insects men- no less than scl are species of Bruchus — four undeter- Ss : of Pot continents.” As this bean-weevil had been gener- sted as a native species, it would have been of interest if the 1 countries in whose exhibits it was discovered had been speci- so that some intelligent opinion could have been formed as to it was native to any of those countries, or had, through com- beans from various Kuropean countries in the Centennial at Philadelphia, but I have not observed the name on any eee gi ge the two in parallel columns every item in that of “? subarmatus” es. Sig with the corresponding one of _ obsoletus, oh: in 2) SOG Dr. Eauniion, viz. : ral and South America, Madeira, Canaries, tes Mediterra- . ey th 260 ForryY-FOURTH Revorr ON , THE Srare Moseon nean Basin, Persia, até. Carried by commeree, it is probat cosmopolite.” (See foot-note.) General Features of the Beetle. The bean-weevil, when found infesting, or in Asocintiom , beak. Its antenne are distinctly jointed and eliabeen at the tip; first four joints and the terminal one are reddish or yellowish. — thorax and abdomen at their junction are about of equa lines in flattened ribs, which are clothed with a short pile arranged in yellowish, black, and whitish spots and lines —the v lines more distinct on the third rib or interval. The grayish the abdomen extends aoe one-half the length of the Mis: ¢ legs are short, of a reddish color; the thighs (femora) of the pair are quite thick. — The above figures, for the use of vie T am inaetieaa courtesy of Professor Popence, the Kansas State sere its early stages. | re ry _ Notr.— The comparison of the two has since been made by Mr. Janson are unhesitatingly pronounced identical. 7 : longer regarding it as native to the United States of Keaton: *% 4 : REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 261 Compared with the much better known pee tee us: in ae 17, obsoletus is not. one-half so large, is “ more soberly colored, having less white on the wing-covers, and is without the white spot on the middle of the hinder part of the thorax and the two oval blackish spots which so conspicuously mark the exposed tip of the abdomen of Bruchus pisorum. In the latter the = whitish hairs of the wing-covers form an Fic.17.—The pea-weevil, BrucHus oblique, interrupted, bent band behind ™S0"UM, natural size and en- ' larged; b, a pea containing the the middle. weevil. Description of the Beetle. Say’s description (loc. cit. sup.) of Bruchus obsoletus may be consulted - for more positive determination. It is as follows: Body blackish cinereous with a slight tinge of brown; antennz not deeply serrate; thorax much narrowed, before, cinereous each side, a - slight impressed dorsal line; base with the edge almost angulated, "central lobe almost truncate; scutel quadrate, whitish, longitudinally _ divided by a dusky line; elytra with the intersticial lines having a 4 slight appearance of alternating whitish and dusky; on the middle of ’ the third intersticial line is a more abbreviated whitish line; posterior ' thighs with a black spine and two smaller ones. : r Length over one-tenth of an inch. ; The whitish or cinereous markings are not very striking; on the elytra they may sometimes be traced: into two obsolete macular bands. I obtained many specimens from the seeds of an Astralagus in August. _ Prof. Riley has given in his Third Report on the Insects of Missouri, a detailed description of B. fabe, which may also be referred to. The features upon which he separates it from B. obsoletus of Say are these: We give them that by their aid, B. fabe, if it proves to be a permanent variety, may be identified from the comparison. _ 8B. obsoletus is a smaller species, dark gray, with the antenne all ' dark, the pygidium not rufous, the thorax with a perceptibly darker _ dorsal shade so that the sides appear more cinereous, a white scutel, _ and each interstitial line of the elytra with a slight appearance of alternating whitish and dusky along its whole length. . The Bruchus fabe of Prof. Riley. '. Following the description of B. fabe, to which reference is made _ above, the description being too extended to give it place here, Prof. _ Riley has written as follows: ' This insect has been for several years ticketed in some of the East- ' ern collections by the name of B. fabe, or else what is worse, the ) corruption of it, fab. * * * * * * The name was credited to 34 given it the MS. name of varicornis, but as his description will not 14 . There is need of a description of so injurious a species, and as fabe and because it is more easily rendered into terse popular langua, | collections,” for which Professor Riley was unable to account, finds f _ published letter of Dr. Fitch. The notes are extracted from one o ¥ long ago they were purchased by Mr. S. H. Scudder, and by him p: sented to the Boston Society of Natural History. The notes h ay been transcribed for me for present use by M7. Samuel H 8 ago a copy of the letter referred to in the first note, pr inted in slip to a Providence were quite generally preyed upon by this insect. Is | _ them for food and which were so loathsome to them, I infer thisi in -9'The letter above referred to, and printed in the Transactions bie anid as a aa slip, is the following : ey =i R. Srapius, Secretary of the Rhode Island Society for the ae | Fabricius, but I can find no , notice in any ‘of he eieas that I possess oftany European Bruchus fabe, and several of my eastern correspond- ents who have access to large libraries have been unable to find an description or allusion to a species by that name. Dr. LeConte has appear perhaps for years to come and as no comprehensive description s yet been published, I have deemed it advisable to dispel in measure the confusion that surrounds the nomenclature of this specie: not preoccupied, I adopt the name because it is entirely appropria than varicornis. The Bruchus fabee of Dr. Fitch. “The origin of the name “ B. fabe” attached to the insect “in Easter xplanation in the two following MS. notes, and a long-time overlook d- the many manuscript volumes left by Dr. Fitch, which subsequent 15 came into the possession of Dr. A. H. Foote, of Philadelphia. N aw, of the Boston Society, from whom I also received some mon Rs ee cm.), several copies of which were found among the MSS. n his notes on Bruchus fabe, Dr. Fitch had written as follows : In August, 1860, I received from W. R. Staples, Secretary of é I. Society for the Encouragement of Domestic oe mY 8 ee having been issued in Pees 1861. He tad in| accompanying communication that the stored beans in the pe: sequently learned that it was common in and around the city of } York and other places along the seaboard. And from the comp. made by prisoners in the late civil war-of the wormy beans furnis to, be common through the southern states. Mr. Riley h received specimens from Massachusetts ticketed as being the Br Fabe of Fab., and finding no such name in the works of Fab., desen it as a new species under this name in his 3d Report, p. 52. . ¢ aeery Tar Bean-WEEVIL. ment of Domestic Industry : i" oe Siz. — Whoever sey Se beans infested with the insect by » well sown Dea bien or Pea-weevil, as it might better be called— oe. Pisi of Linneus - — the beans being perforated with ee Pe bean is a much oe fruit, several holes, Aco y as many ibd 3 six aa sometimes ee are bored in it, instead of ity single hole ay appearance to that of the pea, that persons who have not this. class of animals a special study, would probably infer it to Beery same insect, somewhat modified in consequence of its : as a species that has been heretofore described. I infer it recently been noticed in your vicinity, and it would hence o have been introduced, probably, from some foreign country. to plainly distinguish it, and thus open the way for future arches to Ogos whether it really is a species which has lurked uld therefore name it the Bean-weevil — Bruchus Fabe. It is ightly smaller than our Pea-weevil, its length being from 13 to 5- a of an is It is of a black color, more or less densely coated Beran i is a faint whitish stripe, which has an impressed line at Me ad end. | Its wing-covers have impressed lines or ne the inter- tee xq?) co ale wie fq) ie = eye ete © oo iv) Pas @ . a) _— ct @O ks = a g Ne © bt> +S] ar) » & arr B ct 4 = pate 3 he mM S © © — Fre) & EF mM fe) - Oo h— "6 er) ‘ei blackish sae being also ha here and ieee out- this. The abdomen or hind bo‘ly is pale dull yellow, with a band on the fore-part of each joint, and its flattened tip, beyond : along its middle. On the under side of the hind thighs, near rs nd is a little Sphere spine, like the Seas: of a thorn, with a 264 aery: Fo URTH REPORT On THE eaew u USEUM The habits and ivscrhnbe pennies of this insect wal probably beleaee to vary but little from those of the Pea-weevil; and the same baie doubtless will be as efficacious against the one as the other. It generally known that the Pea-weevil rarely injures the embryo germ of the future sprout, and that “buggy peas” may consequently be used for seed; though the plants from them will probably be pun ny and feeble during the first stages of their growth. This Bean-weev v1 is a more inveterate enemy, for in most instances I find the germ devoured, rendering the beans as worthless for seed as they are | food. ay Yours red sooneniin ASA FITCH. i Following the above, after a short note about “Southern Bessie to Prisoners of War,” Dr. Fitch wrote : Specimens were sent from-Rhode Island in 1862 to the Bosto entomologist, Mr. Sanborn, probably ticketed as “Bruch. Fabe F The abbreviation was no doubt misread “7b.” And thus this | become in the collections a Fabrician species. Mr. Riley finding t Fabricius had described no species under this name gives it as an species in his 3d Report, p. 55. What is here presented will clear this matter of the ee which have been so wi Sale asa A comparison of the descriptions of Dr. Fitch and Professor R * will show, as is also claimed by Dr. Fitch, that the same insect described by each. It is worthy of notice in this connection, Dr. Fitch was unable to refer his Bruchus to the description _B. obsoletus of Say (its comparison with “ B. obscurus” Say is obvio a clerical error), although it is now claimed by_our best auth that they are but one and the same species. . Injuries of the Weevil. A field attack of this insect, if allowed to eae Se without effo: check its progress, ordinarily results, within a few years, in worthlessness of the crop, or its entire destruction. The | i within a single bean. It appears to feed ‘upon ail the varices beans, none, so far as known, being weevil-proof. Professor Pope | in writing the present year of. its operations in Kansas, states: ; has proved very troublesome here [in Manhattan] during the ¢ --—- just closed, and an examination of our stock of beans of about sorts [in the Agricultural College] shows a destruction — / ae y st , oa An oe Ree Ln ea ae of uae 4 me ‘ ~~ a Aun \ oe an pi written: full-grown larve are often literally crowded together in the ‘This crowding often results in the entire destruction of 1 except the outer skin, which remains unbroken, thus often ‘misleading the observer who sees no external injury except a a ew minute white scattered punctures where the insect first — a d the bean [?]. In the Dutch case-knife bean the larve were | — r ant, a single seed containing by actual count in one instance, as oe u ‘twenty-eight, while in other varieties the actual number wast ~ MM ss because the beans were too small to contain so many. a kage of the small baking bean (Marrowfat), averaging a half- length, received from Mr. H. H. Morrell, of New London, 1d now in the State collection, the weevils from which emerged ae on the. 11th of January, show burrowing. to the extent | d only a packed mass of yellowish fecal Htee Many of them—_ yerhaps most —show from twenty to twenty-five weevil cells. ; further i illustration of the possible multiplication of the insect Infested Beans Should not be Planted. ae necessary to remark that beans containing the living : 2 AUbhat all the beetles have left the seed, or been killed within it, ore planting. It was for a long time believed that the presence of a in the seed rarely interfered with its germination. en hot, dhe beetles are disclosed the soniewaees autumn, and. fhe ds will grow notwithstanding their inhabitants, pie spare, owing eee instinct, the vital germ of the pea.” Professor West- having “the curious instinct to leave the most vital parts of \ the seed until the last” (Introduc. Class. task i, 1839, p. 830). Dr. Fitch had stated (see page 264): “It is generally known that the pea- oe weevil rarely i agin the embryo or germ of the future sprout, a ie that ‘buggy peas’ may consequently be used for seed.” But ever the germination was not seriously affected, the subsequent growt the plant is an equally important (and until lately overlook _ consideration. Experiments in Germination of Weevil-eaten Seed. Professor Goff, formerly of the N. Y. State Agricultural Experimé _. Station at Geneva, has made valuable experiments 1 in this directio: which he has written:* “Our experiments showed that although Pp that have been inhabited by the weevil will frequently g germil ’ they rarely make strong and productive plants. In one lot of fiftee | seeds only two vegetated, and but one made a vigorous plant. Tn: a experiment in germination with a larger number, 57.2 Be cent Busey : pease germinated.” mp » A still more disastrous result from insect injury is reported 1 : Professor Beal in the Country Gentleman for August 14, 1879, xliy, 4p: 519. Of 500 weevil-eaten peas planted, only 26 per cent (130) germinated, while of the same number of apparently sound P 2as, gonly four failed to germinate. ie The pea containing but a single weevil, and the bean several — ‘e boat number, at times, being only. limited by its capacity ah would nae oat Se I ena This, in part (so far as germination alone is come 149 cléarly shown by recent observations reported by Professor Po} alas) having been made in 1889, at the fel: State Agricu (xperiment Station, as follows: f 93.90 thee number of infested beans of different qamiehost were ¢ -_elfylly éxamined, and the proportion of cases noted where the | —--gpart of the seed had suffered material injury. This examina tr ae many cases where the plumule was entirely cut throu if ifferent points, and others again where the radicle was partia Bi 6 3) itotally” eaten up, and the cotyledons eaten from their attach ar icteonss ‘preater number of such cases, the injury was sufficient to é __ «elindeihealthy germination. 2 4 pa Experiments Contradict Former Belief. d tbe, § statement — apparently quite at variance with the above - ions - —made by Professor Riley in his third Report on the h a of SSOUrA, | i 1871, that he had “always found the germ either unt : 1 Birk anayal Report of the Néw York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1 MTSea9 Report or THE State ENTOMOLOGIST 267 - or but partially devoured even in the worst infested beans,” may require this explanation: at the time of writing, the bean-weevil had only been known in Missouri for a year or two, and had not as yet become abundant. If Curtis, in his “Farm Insects,” in commenting on Latréille’s remark that by a wonderful instinct of the weevil “ the vital germ of the pea is spared,” was correct in stating, “this\is the case with the beans also,” and again on page 361 loc. cit., “as the beetles [Bruchus granarius] generally leave the germ uninjured, the vitality of the infested seeds is not destroyed ”— then certainly the bean- weevils of Europe must be less injurious in their feeding operations than is our species. Dr. Fitch— always accepted as a careful observer —has distinctly stated (as already quoted), “in most instances I find the germ is devoured.” My own examinations of infested beans are in accord with this, for in no case have I founda bean of the ordinary size used for baking, which has nurtured more than five larvee, in which the germ has remained intact. ed 28 Experiment in Testing Vitality and Productiveness. But beyond the question of germination, there is still another ae as important — the vitality and productiveness of the plant after its stalk and leaf development. Where a full crop is desired, and we is it not, beans even but slightly injured should not be used for see This 1 is proven beyond all question by the careful experiments mac e and reported by an eminent English entomologist, Mr. Theodore Wood. For the purpose of ascertaining the precise degree of injury caused _ by Bruchus rufimanus in beans, twenty were selected from a large lot of infested material, three of which had been perforated by three weevils each, five by two, and twelve by one only. They were sowh under the most favorable conditions for insuring uniformity dn growth and general welfare. The young plants showed strong and vigorous growth, and were apparently none the worse for the injury that the seed had received: But when the time for fruiting came, a great change was evident, The blossoms were few and small; the foliage faded and withered; and several of the plants died without producing a single pod. . Mr. Wood further states: Z8 Of the first three plants, raised from seed pierced by three weevils, one was altogether barren, while the remaining two bore but three pods between them, none of which arrived at perfection. The ne five grown from seed tenanted by two beetles only, were slightly mor fruitful, bearing in all six pods, of which five reached their f growth; two of these five plants, however, were barren. Upon tlie remaining twelve, the seed of which had but one perforation; 1 counted twenty-three peed not more than ten of which arriba ‘Me maturity. Only one plant of this latter was entirely unfruitful. I ae will thus be seen that the twenty plants bore among them but thir two pods in all, of which less than one-half came to perfection. Tl bean in question, I should mention, was not one of the most free . bearing varieties, six pods being the average yield of each plan 3 (Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, xxii, 1885, p. 114.) : A comparison of the above yield with that sown at the same time from uninjured beans, warranted Mr. Wood in claiming, as “proved & beyond all question, that the presence of the beetle [to the extei above stated] is highly prejudicial, not to the germinating qualitie of the seed, which appear to be uninjured, but to the repre ag capabilities of the adult plant.” That Mr. Wood might with propriety have been even more one in his conclusions, will appear when the result of his experiment presented in the following form: Beans averaging only one and on half weevil perforations, produced less than 27 per eent of the 7 matured crop. : It should be stated, however, that a , somewhat greater 1 injug i Bi species. ye Infested Beans Unfit for Food. ¢ While beans that had been infested with the weevil BES not materially impaired ; but so long as they contain the beetle, and i not always very easy to determine this condition without opening the: _ for examination, it might be hazardous, to say the least, to feed the to our domestic animals. , . Curtis relates : ** “An alarm was spread in some parts of France, 1780, that people had been poisoned by eating worm-eaten pease, a . they were forbidden by authority to be exposed in the market.” ‘ _-s-pease were given scientific examination, and the insect found to the pea-weevil Bruchus pisorum. ; A small lot of beans was submitted to Dr. Curtis, in 1845 examination, by the Secretary of the Royal Polytechnic Institute, w 2 had been oak from Sicily by a cabriolet proprietor whose: horses t Schonherr. * Farm Insects, 1860, p. 362. yan do not bor that the eggs of the beetle have been observed on acy. and the peas within them are Pie beginning to swell, the ee rather upon them and deposit their tiny eggs singly in 4s ictures or wounds which they make on the surface of the pods. SA fessor Riley’s account varies somewhat from the above in the of placing the egg, in that “the beetles deposit their eggs on whatever of the surface without attempting to insert the hin the pod.” He describes the eggs, which “are fastened to i | by some viscid fluid which dries white and glistens like silk.” Ps " gg of the bean-weevil hatches in from eight to ten days, and a > ‘ The peal, under normal conditions, reaches y in fhe late summer, and pupates in the autumn. The length ‘om fis absence of record of it. | most cases, the circular covering of the cell (the lid) has been this is more conspicuous when the maturity of the beetle per- pete colors to be indistinctly seen. The emergence is by i. may be in ee late autumn, at any time during the months i in a warmed apartment, or not until the spring when if search was made, some overlooked bag or package of beans wo’ i r : i ie a \ s i i¢ "y an. ! A ne “ OE ut i ‘a ; \ ayy Fie © Pappas: Ff RP ae aks, FV 270) an ery_wouRee Rerort ON THE SvaTE Mu USEUM ¥ “ its source to the fuel Aichi was being used fee: the kitchen fix which consisted largely of the timber from a livery stable that ha 0 been torn down during the preceding summer. Sat incompatible with their well-known habits, but that in all aie be found from which they had escaped. A few days later, a a able holes through which they had escaped. ; The specimens of which there were many, were ssh theeel at : one-half smaller in size than the examples that had previously con under my observation — the difference being so marked that I wi unwilling to trust my identification of the species until it was « firmed by Dr. Horn. In all probability the larve had been dwar: in size from an insufficient food-supply, from the oviposition having been unusually abundant, or possibly, from a second brood hav been produced from the same lot of beans. The “ countless numbe: in which the beetles appeared would seem to lend color to ~ lat nor had I Hisriagile deemed it possible, believing that riperie dried beans could not serve as food for the tender larve. I wi: ot able to learn how long the bag of beans had been kept in the house Are There Successive Broods Within Stored Beans? 3 : Addressing an inquiry to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of the Entomol Division of the Agricultural Department at Washington, - perhaps our best authority on the early stages of the Coleoptera had any knowledge, either personal or from record, of the bean- undergoing all its changes within ripened and stored beans — his usual kindness, the following reply was sent: : Although I can BoE refer you offhand to any special publica to be able to live oe an indefinite number of generations in the lot of beans. I also know that the clas Bruchus gl 18, in that some early sete varieties that had been | bottles with loose corks early in September, when again é Che » question raised as above, of the ability of the bean-weevil to ince, not only a_second generation from the beans 1 in which the obser ations made by me during the past summer. - Oviposition. — A number of the beetles were sent to me September _ y Dr. H. C. Coon, of Alfred University, Alfred Centre, N. Y., tion, but no attempt of the kind was “made. Examining them did » the bean. The earliest hatched by degrees became more quiet, ceasing their travel and dying — their bodies adhering to the .ce and assuming a pale yellow hue. As an experiment, the rind in the o one and ten in n the other) by revolving upon it the fine point of a ete. When received ahey were alive and. acs and had | Tt was Pousti that they might perhaps eat into them for strong glass, but no effort seemed to be made by them to burrow he upper surface of two beans was pierced in several places (six — med cea, bo eae iad Posed ei Sagi a 0 ete ya > » Re sails Ce Sie SOP ox: ae ee eo — o> “ tye >. 9 PSs HF a yee ba a we Se, aN wish all, eleven individuals, which have been preserved in alcohol. -four beetles have emerged up to the time of present writing ion took place. One of the beans was intact ; the others gave ae 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, and 14 beetles. A few of the cells still m Be Nercoir 2 20th, and at the Ley time they are freely ¢ ovi- 2.7 pee successive broods, of eae this may be the tenth, lowing the extent to which the insect may be dwarfed through f nt food-supply, it may be stated, that from the most largely 0 a he wings from beneath the elytra. This occurs while the elytra lie upon the surfa ce, es with deepening coloration, they are by degrees carried over to g Es aseeios were ean on “May 2d, 1891. These again ovipositing in a large — ans, the jar was found to be swarming with beetles on J ve 3d,some of which | m . iv 3 s jis, ba icy - he yiaye aye f ; yi ' t¥ yrs ne - Y ] at! \ . y ) fie Me er + a? i I74 PortyY- FOURTH REPORT on THE Salon Me USEUM testa (shell) of the ripened and dried bean without the need of | ta fracture, or puncture such as was made for it in the present instance. oy But that this may be done —if we may judge from the number of dead ag larve observed, and on the supposition that they were from eggs deposited upon the sides of the box — it is highly probable that the A iM given the larva by the walls of the egg-shell while still: within it, in concentrating, guiding, and sustaining its muscular efforts, or that afforded by some surface in contact, as of an adjoining bean or the se inclosing bag or jar, is essential to its effecting an entrance. That the a punctures made in two of the beans, as previously stated, were utilized — _by the traveling larve, appears from the fact that they contained the * largest number of beetles, viz., eighteen and nineteen, as against i = a average of five in the others. ‘ a :. se through a iiciriataloe or oval neatly-cut lid: evincing so niu dosti i its construction, has been stated by numerous writers. Over a century iously gnawn by the larva, which falls when the beetle etierneel _ That the lid is made by the larva seems to have been accepted — all who have written of it. It is, however, not formed at this stage ¢ the insect’s life, but later, by the beetle. The larva, guided by instin carries its burrow outwardly quite to, and partly within, the she where a semi-transparent irregular spot in which the burrow terr nates locates the proper place for the pupal cell. Here the cel made and pupation follows. When the final transformation has t _ place the beetle commences to feed at the ruptured end of its and eats into the shell—not atthe semi-transparent spot ab - mentioned, but removed a little way therefrom, perhaps Bae m bs ua the cell's length. “i the growing ee until, like that, it. paaenee full. area be adhering grains of the body of the shell are next dissected away ) or threo dark-colored excremental rods may be left within the ot ther with the cast and flattened n mass of exuvia), as the result il aa second year, by which time the Beetles will have emerged d, ae the seed safe for planting, must henceforth be —The beans may be thrown into hot water for nearly a : in is stated, but we do not know if as the result of careful nent, that they will bear immersion in water at the boiling for one minute without injury to the germ. We would prefer — ding hot water below the boiling point for about a half- Aree would show if this was sufficient. If not, _ been found, in experiments on a large scale made in India for ] which had doubtless been killed by the kerosene, and all of t 276. Pies FOURTH Reoee. on THE ) Sear Mu UsEUM about the middle of July, at which time the insect was i: half-grown. In the experiment a gasoline stove-oven, heated b kerosene lamp placed underneath, was used. It is thought that t if a same means would be effective with infested newly gees: hes 5 (Seventh Rept. O. Agr. Exp. St., loc. cit.) ba Kerosene.— A communication to the Country Gentleman, of Ap l 1883 (page 277), from a lady in Virginia, states, that in a fit, desperation over a bag of badly infested beans kept for seed, | sh poured kerosene over them until they were saturated, and laid thei aside in the seed drawer for further de velopments. When they w examined in the spring, a quantity of dead beetles were in the ] that remained within the beans were also dead. A test of the b for germination showed in their vigorous growth that they had - been injured by the application. The writer concludes with: “s shall never plant beans again from any source without first appl. coal oil, and if all our neighbors will do the same, we may e drive the weevil out of the country.” This remedy cone no recommended where beans are kept for food. a Bisulphide of Carbon.— Exposure to the vapor of this volatile lic is an infallible means of killing our bean and pea weevils. 7 infested beans may be put in some tight vessel, box, or bin, with a containing bisulphide of carbon upon them, covering up closely, leaving them for a day or two. The heavy vapor (about two and half times heavier than common air) given off will descend and all the animal life present, without injury to the germ, or impai n for use as food after suitable exposure to the air. This va insecticide — available against a large number of our insect enem may be purchased at drug-stores, at the moderate price, b pound, of about thirty cents. A small quantity of it will suffice. — the weevils that there infest stored grain quite seriously, t 1a pound and a half is amply sufficient for use in a ton of grain, prc that the grain is inclosed in Fk vessels. As the Mea’ a ea ae) examining tha talents | ident, in the light that we now have, that this pest may not r or two, fiber the culture of the bean, as we page psiionele nmded, for the insect may be safely “tided over” during that 7 ae 0 of beans carefully laid aside and protected i in some bye and an drawer. Tracy house.— Perhaps in no way could as much be accom- ensive bean-growers, of the “Tracy house,” - Oba ts) and to Professor A. J. Cook, was largely Aa by the Bee ofessor Cook has given the following description of the house | foe y manner in which the bisulphide of carbon is used in it:* | 1 house is made eee even . the door is made very close- 43 What Piauia be the Insect’s Name? | at g the preparation of this paper, I have been led to question a, of retaining | for it, Say's name. There is cores | e ime ig after its discovery at Providence, R. L, it aa hi ty »bserved along, o1 or not far rom, the Atlantic alate coms to 36 antenne of the bean-weevil described (so marked a character tha we know the insect to which it was applied, that it be rejected ground of its having been accompanied with merely a definiti 278 Forry-ro URTH Rup ORT ON THE Stare M. USEUM “each species appears to prefer a special plant, or at most, eS a its attacks to the species of one genus.” In Dr. Gray’s arrangeme of the Leguminose, Phaseolus is separated from Astralagus by Wiste ‘ia and other genera. Is it not (oan that whenever the Actrallamy i Fee eaavil can not be positively referred to it. The ine unfortunat is not in existence, and therefore the insect that Say had before ] can | only be reached through conjecture and probabilities. _Dr. Ho other Boece to which he could refer. Dr. LeConte was ae unable to identify it with obsoletus Say, and had therefore deseri and named it in MS. as BC varicornis. Dr. Riley also felt agsu in which it differed from B. obsoletus. Subsequent Ee has oe him to aie his views. ee Bhi precedes that of “obsoletus” in description, and is rete identical with it by Dr. Horn? In this we have the peculiarly co LeConte selected it as a specific designation), the omission of r ence to which is strikingly apparent in “obsoletus,” and a str argument against our present employment of the name. -It would better accord with custom and the rules of nomencl if, instead of clinging pertinacioasly to Say’s name, in the belief without description such as leaves no room for reasonable d Such rejection has been repeatedly made, as notably with se Walker’s “species.” In that event — as the description of D unmistakably indicates our bean-weevil, and as it has ce x q REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 279 ~ the Bruchidee — a work which we have gladly accepted as a standard for our species. Notsz.* — It is not improbable that the question above discussed of the respective claims of the two names for recognition and acceptance may ere long be set at rest through supersedence of one or both by some earlier name. Recent studies in Europe have brought to light several other names and descriptions (see in the bibliographical list given herewith), of which Reitter in his Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe, Caucasi et Armenice Rossice, 1891,} claims ‘priority for irresectus Fahreus. It seems that irresectus was first named and described by Fahreus in Schoenherr’s Genera et species Curculionidum, vol. v, 1839, page 18, (Habitat in Asia). If its identity, claimed by Reitter, with our “obsoletus” shall be hereafter satisfactorily established, the name would at least have priority over fabe Fitch, and perhaps obtain acceptance, if ‘“‘obsoletus” is abandoned, or transferred to the Astralagus weevil, when found. Bruchus rufimanus (Boheman). The European Bean Bruchus. (Ord. Cotzorrera: Fam. Brucuw2.) Bruchus rufimanus BowEemMan: in Schoenherr’s Gen. et Spec. Curcul., i, 1833, p. 58. , Bruchus granarius Linn. Westwoop: in Mag. Nat. Hist., for 1834, p. 257; Introduce. Class. Ins., i, 1839, p. 330, f. 40. 1-6 of p. 324. Bruchus rufimanus. STEPHENS: Manual Brit. Coleop., 1839, p. 265. Bruchus granarius. HaGeen: in Landwirth. Jahrb. aus Ostpreus., xi, 1859, pp. 161-162. Bruchus granarius Linn. Curtis: Farm Insects, 1860, p. 358, f. 58, 5-10 (description, habits, etc.). Bruchus granarius Linn. Ritey: in Amer. Entomol., ii, 1870, p. 126-7, f. 85 a, e,f (identified from Switzerland); 3d Rept. Ins. Mo., 1871, pp. 50-52, f. 18 (description and habits from Curtis), p. 56 (erroneous reference). Bruchus rufimanus. RatTHvon: in Amer. Entomol, ii, 1870, p. 119 (quotes description from Stephens’ Manual). Bruchus rufimanus. Woop: Insects at Home, 1872, also 1887, p. 162, pl. Xvi, f.'4. Bruchus granarius Linn. Le Baron: 4th Rept. Ins. Il., 1874, p. 129 (imported in U.S.). Bruchus granarius Linn. TxHomas: 6th Rept. Ins. Ill. [1877], p. 129 (char- acters and brief notice as imported from Europe). Bruchus granarius Linn. OrmMerop: Manual Inj. Ins. [1881], pp. 8-11, f. 1-8; 9th Rept. Inj. Ins., 1886, pp. 6-8, figs. 1-8 (history, injury, remedies). ; *This note is appended, November, 1891. +See notice by Dr. John Hamilton in Psyche, vi, 1891, p. 147. 4 oe, 24 280 Forry-ro URTH Revorr on THE Sean Mi USEUM Bruchus granarius and B. Pipiee Dimmock: in Cassino’ 's Stand, ie. Hist., 1884, ii, pp. 334, 335, fig. 375, b, c (mention). — ie Bruchus granarius Linn. Waurrenrap: Rept. Ins. Inj. Gr. Britain, * pp. 57-58, f. xvii, 1, 2 (brief notice). is Bruchus rufimanus Boh. Woop: in Entomol. Month. Mag. -, XEDE 188 is p. 114; in Trans. Ent, Soe. Lond., Oct., 1886, Part III, pp. 375-38 si 1 (productiveness of infested Beane: ) ; Mylabris rufimana Bohm. Bavpi: in Deuts. Entomologische Zeits., Heft ii, 1886, p. 404, no. 20 (description and distribution). AR Bruchus granarius lL. FuLErcHer: in Rept. Min. Agricul. Canada, ‘fo Or the 1888, p. 55 (imported in beans from Europe). é : Bruchus rufimanus Schon. WHITEHEAD: 2d Ann. -Rept. Agr. Adv., 188 pp. 49-51, f. 17 (injuries, transformations, prevention). — Bruchus rujimanus Sch. Hamitton: in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, - — 1889, p. 150; in Entomolog. Amer., vi, 1890, p. 43 (“B. rufa tao Bohm. Boata be dropped ”’ — Strom our lists). is Bruchus granarius Curtis; Bruchus rufimanus Boh. OrMEROD: 12th Rep Inj. Ins., 1889, pp. 19-24, figs. 1-8; Manual Inj. Ins., 2d Edit., 189 pp. 5-9, f. 1-8 (description, prevention and aes - Bruchus rujfimanus Schénh. Rirzema Bos: Tierische Schaddlinge | un Nutzlinge, 1891, p. 293, f. 162. Sees p A Common European Insect. } 183 Bruchus rufimanus is the common bean-weevil of England, whi 1 fills the place that is held in this country by B. obsoletus in its injui to beans, while at the same time covering a broader field, as it inf pease largely and also fe -\ in other of the Legumino & From this range of food i 2 has come to be known as. the “ grain beetle” and the “seed. beetle,” and until itil recently has borne the sci- entific name of Bruchusgi “a narius — erroneously Bi: | nd it, as will be seen ‘bere J _ Fie. 18. — The European bean-weevil, Basten RU- FIMANUS: land 2, in natural size and enlarged; 3, eer Curtis ataioee infested bean; 4 and 5, larva in natural size and “This species, whick ee enlarged; 6 and7, pupaditto; 8, aninfested bean h showing subseauent vegetation. Nos. 9, 10 and 11 CVETywWHere abundan are of BRUCHUS PISORUM. (After Curtis.) in February on ihe: i oe oe ee = Fe 5 Nn a ae ee ee es a LN Se ee REPORT OF THE STATE HANTOMOLOGIST 281 various other plants in the beetle state, as the rhubarb, meadow-sweet (Spirea ulmaria), &c., is a most destructive insect in our pea and bean fields, the larvee feeding in the seeds and sometimes destroying more than half the crop. They are exceedingly abundant in some parts of Kent, where they often swarm at the end of May, and are occasionally found as late as August.” (Farm Insects, 1860, p. 361.) Not Naturalized in the United States. It is strange that this weevil has never become naturalized in this ‘country, as it was introduced many years ago, and no special effort so far as known was made to stay its spread. The only authoritative published records of its occurrence in the United States are these, each referring to the same event: Its Occurrence in New Jersey and Canada. Professor Riley, in 1870 (loc. cit.), identified as Bruchus granarius examples received by him from Mr. A. 8S. Fuller, of Ridgewood, N. J., who had discovered them in some pods presented to the “ Farmers’ Club,” which the donor had gathered from a tree in Switzerland, thought by Professor Riley to be a species of Iiburnum. Dr. Horn, in his Revision of the Bruchide of the United States, 1873, adds to his deserip- _ tion of Bruchus rufimanus Schon.: “This species was sent me by Mr. C. Y. Riley, of St. Louis, as having been reared from pea-pods imported from Switzerland.” Dr. Hamilton, in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society for 1889 (loc. cit.), quotes the same introduction. Other writers, as Le Baron, Thomas, etc., have made simple mention of its having been introduced into the United States in recent years. It has also been imported into Canada. Mr. Fletcher, in his Report as Entomologist and Botanist of the Department of Agriculture of Canada, for the year 1888, states that some infested seed of the large - Windsor bean, which had been imported from Kurope, had been sent to him for examination, and was found to contain living examples of ~ the weevil (noticed as B. granarius L.), many of the beans containing from two to three each. The identification by Dr. Packard, in Injurious Insects, New and Little Known, 1870, of bean-weevils received by him from the vicinity of New 4 _ York City as the European Bruchus granarius [ B. rufimanus],was in error, as appears from the appended description and the correction made by himself the following year in his First Annual Report on the Insects of Massachuseits. Erroneously Reported from Tennessee. Mr. E. W. Doran, formerly Assistant Entomologist to the Bureau of Agriculture of Tennessee, in his Report on the Economic Entomology of _ B. obsoletus Say are pointed out; and it is therefore evident that th | throughout the southern states. A notice of it is contained in 6th Report, which please see and correct the statements made 1860, on page 358, we find figure 53 illustrative of Bruchus pisi fi Miss Ormerod, in her Ninth Rep ort for 1885, continues for the ip an of Mr. Ashmead’s new genus, Bruchophagus (Insect Life, iv, 1891, page 49). an Insects of Missourt, page 56. larva to enter ripened seed, and the time for emergence of t to the above volume states: “Nearly all the drawings have be - made by myself from nature, and were engraved under my | i inspection.” ' Report cited, was sent with the above. It was in poor condition, and the last o Vite dma 4 na shin va i a % vi oe ' ek : wei 1 , 282 Forry-rourtH REPORT on THE ay eta § ¥ Bape iead. mhiobt, but was idported nis this content many years ago. * * * * * Tt has not been considered injurious in this country I have seen no account of any injuries caused by it, yet I am able to report it as being very injurious in this state.” Following, an account given. The differences between it and Bruchus pusi [ pisorum|] an species had been identified with the one now known as B. rufimanus Dr. Doran, in compliance with my request for information of the occurrence of the insect in Tennessee, has kindly sent me a number — of examples collected at the time of his report upon it.* Theyproved — to be Bruchus scutellaris Fabr., or, as recently pointed out by D1 Hamilton, B. Chinensis Linn. It is a common species in pea “Tts Probable Life-history” respecting oviposition, inability of t imago—as subsequent observations (recorded in preceding pag: have shown them to be erroneous. ‘The Confused Synonymy of this Insect. , : To the above brief notice of the European bean-weevil, it may not oy be ill-timed to add a few words in relation to its mixed synonyt which has loug been an embarrassment to me, and, doubtless, t same to many others. ‘4 Referring to Curtis’ admirable volume on Farm Insects, Lon Bruchus granarius (given on pages 359 and 360), each credited to | neus; on page 363, Bruchus flavimanus is described and credite | Schonherr, Genera et Species Curculionidum, vol. i, page 59.4 Figure is presumably among those of which Mr. Curtis in his Introduct The above figure ins been repeatedly copied by beh e Beetle; Seed Beetle,” the name of Bruchus granarius Linn. : In A parasite bred by Dr. Doran from the London infested pease, as noticed remaining in his possession. Mr. L.O. Howard thinks it may be an undescribed: 1 This species is mentioned incidentally here, it being a British foie (see ie ; e D Profeenae Riley, in the American Ce etait ii, 1870, . 8 Third Missouri Report, 1871, gives it place as B. granarius; a ex to his ee in the Bibliography of American Econome 4 a... consideration is a very ae one. In the first edi- ¥ my oe "I was not aware. of this, and accordingly took e ny "Since igh I became aware of the difficulty, and have tried to , it in my second edition by giving B. granarius as of Curtis, with ow accepted specific name of B. rufimanus Boh. ey ee 2 Ace SS son, to my regret, had returned to New York, and lieder his captv ; had ascribed them to tree-toads. : is t i s Elbit.) eae : in ‘ agra M — ‘ps ve % Ke ye ys Rath ae oe 298 _ Forry-rourtH Reporr oN THE Srare au vsEUM cellor Livingston, examples, 1 in both Sexes, of Cicada Lente that at the time of writing (noon) the hum of the insects was qu loud. He had also taken the puparia from the trunks of trees. why That I might personally verify the occurrence of the insect, proct s0me specimens, and note its abundance, I visited Tivoli on June 11 A search within the woods near the station gave no indication of presence, either to the eye or ear. Driving to Clermont, three m with him. The heavy rain that was falling prevented any ee e the cicada’s song. Mr. Clermont Livingston, the present owner + occupant of the manor, kindly gave me all the information in power in relation to the visitation. He had heard the song du during the warmer and ane hours — the ae ee ae was shining brightly at mid-day, when there was a continual hum, r : a ) the appearance in 1860 and 1877 of the “ Hiidkon river prod 2m however, expecting the recurrence of the brood until 1894 — when Dn notes were first heard, some days before Mr. Clarkson’s coming, A few days later Mr. Clarkson ‘again visited the Lavage ‘ma but was unable to find any more ee Those that nes my arrival, and which I greatly regret I did oe keep, fully & at that time that I could supply any number if desired, I : REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 999 lettering as given by Dr. Fitch, and which is perfectly familiar to me through the experience of the visitations of 1860 and 1877,. viz. “*tsh—e—e—H— K—_K—e—e— ow.” Mr. Clarkson was inclined, at the first, to regard this as the advance guard of the host that is expected in 1894, and suggested as a possi- bility that the extraordinary wet of the past year may have caused an earlier development of such larvz as may have been the more directly exposed to its influence. The Insect Reported at Galway, N. Y. By a strange coincidence, just before the discovery of the cicada at Tivoli, my attention was called to an item in the Albany Evening Journal to the following effect —I quote from memory, as the slip has been mislaid : A farmer at Galway, while plowing in his field a day or two ago, turned up with his plow a mass of compacted earth filled with small holes. It excited his curiosity, and it was carried to his house and laid aside. A couple of days afterward when happening to look at it again, it was found to be swarming with seventeen-year locusts. It will be remembered that this is “locust year.” The above-named locality is in the south-western part of the county of Saratoga, and lies within the limits of the territory occupied by the * Hudson river brood” (the 1st as defined by Dr. Fitch, brood viii of Walsh-Riley, and brood xii of Riley), as does, also Tivoli, in Dutchess county. The simultaneous appearance of the insect at these two localities, could have but one interpretation, viz., that they belonged to the brood above-mentioned, but which was not due until 1894. But inno recorded instance had any portion of a brood shown itself for more than one year in advance —never for two— while three would be extirely at variance with our knowledge of the insect’s life-history. Preeursors of a Regular Brood. Addressing an inquiry to Dr. Riley, who has made special weulee of the species, if he had knowledge of its occurrence for more than a year before its appointed time, and stating what I had learned of its appearance at Tivoli, the following reply was returned, under date of June 16th : Yours of the 12th has just come. You will note from my account in Bulletin No. 8 of the Division (page 8) the statement that the Periodical Cicada frequently appears in small numbers, and more rarely in larger numbers, a year before or a year after its proper period. I know of no positive evidence (which it would, in fact, be difficult to obtain) of the appearance two years in advance, though E can see no reason why there shorts oe se even ie anole ) irregularity among straggling members of a brood, but the evidence wouid have to be quite strong to justify such conclusion. Th specimens you refer to might ape be more justifiedly conc you when you receive specimens. ae P. S.—Ifi they turn out to be true septendecim, I will’ give the as matter more careful consideration in the light of other ufipublished © data, but I would like first positive evidence that we are not ane a _will-o’-the- wisp,” from wrong identification. an 2 * ‘ The Tivoli Insects not Referable to Brood VIII. Brood viii, above referred to, appeared in 1889. Its range is th extreme south- eastern part of Massachusetts, across Long pr as far as to Carlisle, in Pennsylvania. , As members of this brood have never been observed within , t hundred miles north-east of Carlisle, Pa. Are they the Remnant of an Unrecorded Brood? — The letter from Mr. Clarkson, given above, having been submit ed to Dr. Riley for perusal, the following response was made: | From Mr. Clarkson’s letter which you inclose, I think there cai _-no doubt that he has found this year the genuine Cicada see! and his account seems to be confirmed by the reported appearance : the Cicada at Galway. LIagree with you that the Tivoli Cicadz not be referred to Brood VIII, and if they were numerous enoug} be called a brood they would ‘form one hitherto unrecorded. FE ring to my unpublished Cicada records I find under the hea “ New or doubtful broods,” arecord of a seventeen-year brood 183 in Halifax Co., N. C. - To ‘be sure this record is a little doubtful : I obtained no further evidence in 1873 or in 1890, but, taken in -_- nection with the appearance of specimens near Washington, 1) 1890, and with those reported by you, it is possible that we have do with the scattered remnants of a formerly widely distributed | numerovs brood. Two other records mention the appearance _ Cicada in 1873, in Scott Co., Mo., Alexander Co., Ill. and Holmes ( Miss. Finally, I have a report from reliable authority (the late Mr. W. S. Robertson) of a brood in 1839 at Muscogee, Indian Territory. : - But these western localities have not been corroborated subsequet and, moreover, we can not tell whether they belong to a 17 or 18 j brood. : _ It is safe to say that we know now pretty accurately all the | - broods of the Periodical Cicada, but it is more than probable th 4 ane Bice a few and scattered Bpeemnens we appear in off os ee ae 1. oe oy s.r bate? Sree REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 301 of the established broods, and which can not properly be called a ** Brood.” The ‘‘ Galway Cicade,” a Newspaper Story. After many efforts made to ascertain the name of the “farmer in Galway,” who had unearthed the cicada mass, a letter was received from the enterprising reporter who had communicated (in his own hand-writing, as was subsequently learned) the item to the Albany Evening Journal, expressing his regret that he was unable, after diligent inquiry, to trace the report to its source, and that “the first intimation that he had of the nest of locusts was what appeared in the Journal !” ‘ This blots out the Galway appearance, and with it, forerunners of the Hudson river brood three years in advance of time. An Undecided Question. I have no opinion of my own, or even suggestion, to offer, as to the reference that should be made of the Tivoli cicadze— whether to any _ of the unrecorded broods, or to one hitherto unrecognized. The _ possibilities have apparently been covered in the careful consideration — and examination of records by Dr. Riley, and in the views advanced by Mr. Frederick Clarkson, in the portion of a letter given below. _ Future observations, or: the discovery of overlooked records, may possibly enable us to reach a definite conclusion. Is there a New York Thirteen-year Brood ? I thank you very kindly for your letter of June 30th, and return to you herewith the correspondence which you have permitted me the _ pleasure of reading. I shall be most happy to furnish you with any ' facts that may reach me with regard to this extraordinary visitation. If the definition as given by Dr. Riley is strictly correct as to what constitutes a brood, then I think the conclusion which he has reached is a possible solution of this year’s visitation, but in the absence of more essential data, it occurs to me that the captures made this year may be athirteen-year brood, which may have occurred _ simultaneously with the extraordinary seventeen-year brood of 1877, | and possibly formed a part, if not the whole, of the very limited num- 4 ber seen at Westchester by Mr. Angus in 1864. If it is satisfactorily _ established that the puparia discovered on Staten Island by Mr. Davis - in 1881 was of the red-eyed Cicada, it would demonstrate the fact _ that in that year it was the seventeen-year brood, but does this ' admission, in view of present findings, exclude the conjecture ' that the thirteen and seventeen-year broods may have appeared ‘together in 1864. Does it not rather look, in view of the fact that we ' have rather accurate knowledge of all the large broods, that these | limited numbers may represent broods in the decadence, and becom- ing more and more exhausted at each periodical appearance? How- ; hae these are merely suggestions to doctors learned in the lore of ee Cicade. ) 39 (] ee Sx. ‘he aie aes Se . [ ' oie nt Fe ge oy RL. eae a wae Tee Prete y 3 Re ka 2 ET - . ¥ - . i+ ae J =? % 7 , } a Ce expanse of wings, 1.60 inch, and 2.25 inches.. a Re by y ol Pe Big Ocneria dispar (Linn.). The Gypsy Moth. ae ‘aes The Gypsy moth, which at the present time is ; exciting so m interest in Massachusetts, in efforts for its extermination, or at 1 to. prevent its spread, and to - further notice is given on page is represented in Figures 25 and These figures, copied from Eurox authors, and reproduced from Jn: | | Life for 1890, are stated to be Fic. 25.—The male Gypsy moth, natural size, but they exceed by Oe epene Liev least one-fourth the largest Ameries or Kuropean examples that have come under my observation. largest examples that have been reared by me, measure respecti | : While the hs is still confined to three or four ie in many years ere = its appearance in York, still it is li be introduced. in of its stages, w. our state at any _ through railroad t1 portation. Attenti at therefore oe we! {OP af eee “a 1) solicited, to undertake against the insect dor its ecbennias will be seen that such an inference could not ti ah ace be dre the communication. REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 303 Eps. Country Genrieman.— My attention has been called to the following notice in the New York World of a recent issue, with the suggestion that an expression of my opinion upon it might be of interest: [From the New York World. | “Massachusetts farmers are filled with alarm over the reported ravages of a newly found insect pest which an Amherst College “bug sharp” says may become widespread through the country, and may cause more havoc than the celebrated Colorado potato beetle. This is the gypsy moth, known to entomologists as the Ovneria dispar. At present it is confined to the neighborhood of Medford, where it caused so much damage that Gov. Brackett, in his message the other day, saw fit to call the attention of agriculturiats to the pest, and recommended its speedy extermination. « The moth was introduced here twenty yearsago by Dr. L. reoiivelne who saw the eggs at the Paris Exposition, and put a few in his vest pocket. One day the little bunch of eggs was blown out of his window in Medford, and never heard from until last fall, when millions of the gypsy moths attacked shade and fruit trees and shrubbery, leaving nothing save stalks and twigs behind. The area thus devastated was an ellipse a mile and a half long, and half a mile wide. «Prof. Fernald of the Amherst Agricultural College, says the moth is a terrible pest. The Harvard authority on bugs and millers, Pro- fessor Hagen, on the other hand, says his Amherst contemporary doesn’t know what he is talking about. The Harvard expert asserts that the gypsy moth is not alarmingly destructive. ~*©Tn my opinion, says he, ‘this talk about state aid, this ordering out the militia to shoot caterpillars, as it were, is entirely unnecessary. Let every man kill his own caterpillars.’ The professor has some of them always on tap in his study.” The facts of the introduction into Medford, Mass., about twenty years ago of the gypsy moth, Ocneria dispar, and its subsequent multi- plication and extension are, I believe, correctly given, but. I doubt if, even in the limited area to which it is apparently confined, of “the trees and shrubbery ” there were only left “ the twigs and stalks.” Nor do I believe that there is any danger, even if it shall become wide- spread, of its causing havoc even approximating to that of the Colorado potato beetle. I do not see any just cause for alarm on the part of farmers or others, over the introduction of this new pest.« The cater- pillar is ‘a general feeder ”— represented as feeding, in Europe, “on every species of fruit and forest tree ” (probably not absolutely true). But the general feeders, as a rule, are far less to be feared than those that concentrate their attack on a particular food-plant. This is also rather a local species. It is rarely injurious in England, and only _ occasionally so on the continent. It seems to prefer oak and other ' forest trees to fruit trees. Thus Professor Westwood has stated: “It _ which they completely strip of their foliage.” Hatch Experiment Station, under date of November, 1889. ‘ all sides of its body. Its alsa is a pallets ‘It is easi feet on the under side of its body, about in the center; wi and with small points at the extremities it moves along. mie 304. Forry-Fro URTH Rurorr on THE BB Pp MS ue lay r ts rd is occasionally exucdeunate destructive in Germany | to the ort While, therefore, there would seem to be no occasion for alse t insect is sufficiently injurious to move the people of Medford and 1 vicinity to prompt and energetic action to arrest its spread and ext minate it while in its present limited locality. It is believed that can be done without severe labor or a large expenditure of mo: How it may best be done has been pointed out in a special bulle recently prepared by the able entomologist of the Massachusett Agricultural College, Professor C. H. Fernald, and published by bulletin contains description and figure of the insect in its jing stages, and narrates about all that is known of its appearance ine country, with directions how and when to fight it. Copies of «it ‘ma; probably be obtained by those interested by addressing the Ries 6 Amherst, Mass.—(Country Gentleman, of January 23, 1890.) | Several notices of this insect are contained in vols. ii and iii Insect Life. In the former, pp. 208-211, may be found somethi its European habits, the plants on which it ig known to feed, F list compiled by Mr. L. O. Howard, of twenty-four species of sites which attack it. No detailed account of its observed habits an transformations in this country have been given us. Of a small c reared by me on apple leaves in 1890, I have only the follov pupal ee of eighteen and nineteen days. From other larvz obtainedin 1889, a male emerged a month e e than the above, viz., on June 26th, and a female on J uly 17th. Spilosoma Virginica (Fabr.). The Yellow Wests Bear. tured, as it is slow in its movements, but is a rapid eater. It pager i R. I. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 305 hairs with which they are closely covered. This is doubtless the one _ that Dr. Harris has called the “yellow bear,” as its hairs are usually of a pale yellow color, although in some examples they are brownish- yellow or a foxy-red. While most caterpillars have their particular food-plants, and some will feed only on a single species of plant, there are others to which hardly anything in our gardens comes amiss ; of the latter kind is the “yellow bear,’ whose omnivorous habits and remarkable voracity renders it at times a great garden pest. When it has about reached its maximum size of two inches in length, it is Fic. 27.— The caterpillar, pupa, and moth of SPILOSOMA VIRGINICA. capable of destroying a plant of moderate size in an incredibly short ' space of time. As the caterpillars do not feed in company and are : generally not numerous in any locality, they can not be fought with _ the ordinary methods. Their presence is usually betrayed by the eaten _ foliage, when the caterpillar, conspicuous from its color and size can _ readily be found, removed from the plant and crushed. The moth into which it transforms has for its scientific name, Spilosoma Virginica. It ' is familiarly known as the “ white miller,” from its white wings, devoid _ of any marking except one, two, or three small black spots on each _ wing. Its body has a row of conspicuous black spots on its back, a ' similar one on each side, and a dark yellow line intermediately. The * caterpillars now feeding (July 5th) will soon spin up into their cocoons, _ within which they will change to pupz, from which the moths will emerge during the last of this month or beginning of August, and _ lay their eggs for another brood in clusters upon the leaves of various plants. _ Figure 27 represents the insect in its three stages of larva, pupa, and _ imago. Saunders says that the eggs are round and yellow and are - deposited on the under side of the leaves in large clusters, and in a few days hatch into small hairy caterpillars. half of the year—in June, August, September and November. _ » on apple and other fruit trees, feeding among the opening lea - moth, TMETOCERA ‘ ve athe ‘ MK, ee od me ee | th y te ts pet ae . an 3 | ; . > » x AO * +s aa ; i 306 Forry-FrourTa Report on THE ‘Srar e Museum am Thyridopteryx ephemerzeformis Haw. ‘The Bag-Worm. The cases of this caterpillar which feeds on so largea number 0 our fruit, forest, and other trees (see Ist Rept. Ins. N. Y., p. 84), hav been sent to me~from Sargeantville, N. J., taken from quince trees | Mr. Anderson Bray, who reports them as occurring by hundreds ¢ these trees. The species is not recorded in “Saunders” Fruit Insects ” the pests of the quince, nor is it often noticed thereon. In in examples received ficta Gamat on O., and representedas wit stripping many of the quince trees in an orchard, although the lar were at the time but about one-third grown. ee These records would seem to be sufficient to give it es. am Erebus odora (Linn.). In the Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888, p- 13 number of captures made of this comparatively rare Noctuid in, State of New York, are given. In addition to these, it may recorded that a female, in fair condition, was taken at suge Jamaica, L. I., on August 12, 1890, by Mr. J. V. D. Walker. 4 Tmetocera ocellana (Schiff.). The Eye-Spotted Bud-moth. Inquiries are frequently received of a small caterpillar dise burrowing into the green tips. It is of a dull-brown color, w head and front part of its body black, and bee few short scattering hairs. When full grown, about half an inch long. In its pete state it Fie. 28. ae spotted bud-moth, from the alike markings: eye-spotted bud- front wings and its feeding habit. It feeds | C OCELLANA, and its caterpillar. apple. The caterpillar may be found ae REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 307 with its silken threads, and consumes one after another until only their blackened remains are left. Later in the month and extending into June, it spins together the young leaves and feeds upon them. It also bores into the blossom-bearing tips, eating the pith and caus- ing their death. The moths usually appear abroad in July, although in rearing them I have had them emerge during the first week of June. Their.eggs are deposited soon thereafter and the caterpillars come from them in about a week. This is the second brood, and as the leaves at this time are full-grown, their depredations are not seri- ous, and have not attracted much attention. Large numbers of these caterpillars are sometimes found on a single tree, where their pres- ence readily arrests attention, and their injuries become serious from ’ the proportion of blossom buds destroyed. This pest is hardly known in the western states. The present season has presented conditions peculiarly favorable to their multiplication. The only way that promises success in their extermination is by spraying with Paris green or London purple about the time that the leaf-buds appear in _ April and ten days later, and at intervals until the blossoms have formed. The spraying, it will be observed, will have to be done earlier than for the codling-moth. This early operation will also destroy other species of leaf-rollers that make their attack simul- taneously with the eye-spotted bud-moth. Cecidomyia balsamicola Lintn. The Balsam Cecidomyia. Dr. Roland Thaxter, Mycologist of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, has sent me tips of Fraser’s or the southern balsam, Abies Fraseri, taken by him from the summit of Roan Mt., N. C., in 1887, containing galls which are apparently identical with ' those of the above-named species occurring on Abies balsamea in the ' Adirondack Mountains of New York, and in New Hampshire (see | Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888, p. 60). The perfect insect of this species is not yet known. | _ Inclosed in the closely-folded paper containing the infested tip of _ A. Fraseri, a small Chalcid was found. Suspecting it to be a parasite | of the Cecidomyia, it was sent to Mr. L.O. Howard for name. Answer _ was returned that as the specimen had lost its head and front legs it q could only be referred to the Pteromaline. In this group, the char- ' acters are chiefly derived from the front legs and head, and it could ‘therefore not be placed generically. It apparently belonged to a en’ ee life. He ry ith returned me the ee reply: section of the athe | in which the es ‘are. mostly | upon wood-boring beetles, and from this general fact it was thou that the Abies had been infested by Tomicus or some other Scol; and that this Chalcid was parasitic upon one of these rather t on the Cecidomyid. ‘3 Cecidomyia sp ? Within a Jumping ‘Gall. note ad my reply, are herewith given, as pepe? in the P Science News, for August, 1890: . : , We have found a most curious insect on a bough of May bl Both in form and color it is exactly like a large bud of the © just before it opens. The skin is just turning a shade creamy, of very fine, leathery texture. It makes frequent bounds or sprin from the table to the height of nearly six inches. Were it pe fo this, one would pass it by as a May-bud. Can you Kage us ? OatTLAnps Park, WEYBRIDGE, ENGLAND. Dear Mr. Batiarp. — Thank you for permitting me to re d the letter of E. M. McDowell, which has interested me much, Yc isk ; what the curious insect referred to therein, may be. It was s thing that I had never met with, nor read of, and I therefore s have come under his dbnerinnte while in England, during h bridge. ih regret to be unable. to say positively y what the defo is. It must, however, be some kind of gall, and the movem caused by the gall-maker; and as there is but one known to probably that species (see maitre but I never heard ee a ing so. : I have not Kaitenbach at hand to refer to for a ‘description. vf gall, but in a publication on the “ Gall-Making Diptera of Se leaves, often covered with prickly hairs. The rosette may b and a half across. Between the leaves lie several of ae ed rm and then by a strong muscular action suddenly throwing ) a reverse position. It is quite probable that this gall is cal with that described in Science Gossip for December, 1867, ommunication from Ventnor, Isle of Wight, quoted by Mr. R. Dodge i in Field and Forest, ii, p. 55, as follows: writer describes the ‘jumping seed’ as a ‘small excrescence ; d been taken from a hawthorn; it was about the sixth of an ength, pear-shaped, and in size resembled a grape or raisin he specimen had been seen to jerk or leap nearly an inch given point, though while in his possession it had not shown ctivity, leaping only a third or a quarter of that distance. On ‘the case, it was found to contain a whitish maggot, with a ellowish, scaly head, the body bent into a semicircle, and the lightly flattened. It had no legs, but the shining skin was rrugated, or thrown into folds, which appeared to serve in gree as limbs.” 2 “th above description of the larva is approximately correct, it . have been a Cecidomyia. rae . ‘a number of “jumping galls” and “jumping seeds” are 0- science. Of the former, one of the most interesting is a occurring as a small globular body of about the size of a ‘seed, formed on the under side of leaves of Quercus obtusifolia, ocarpa, and @. alba, in California, Missouri, Dlinois, Indiana, n, and less frequently eastward. Sometimes a thousand of alls are found on a single leaf. “The gall drops in large s to the ground, and the insect within can make it bound mes its own length, the ground under an infested tree being s fairly alive with the mysterious moving bodies. The noise yy them often resembles the pattering of rain. The motion is” od by the, insect in the pupa, and not in the larva state.” American Naturalist, x., p. 218). The insect forming the above enown scientifically as Neuroterus saltatorwus (H. Hd wards). ) ae he has named Andricus saltatus (Trans. Amer. Entomolog. - , 1887, Pp. a Two or three of the galls are en on the “40 orn 310. | Forry-Frourta Rurorr ON THE Srare M USEUM due to the contraction aa sudden relaxation of the ees vvitin some of them will jump three-fourths of an inch from the table.” An interesting jumping gall was received by me last year, fon gentleman at Fort Edward, N. Y., which had been found beneath § | tree leaping actively about, by his little daughter. Unfortunately was not able to obtain the insect from it and learn the partic species. pe | The most interesting of all these “jumpers ” is, undoubtedly, one popularly known as the “ Mexican jumping seed,” which is a lar; | seed-vessel, of nearly half an inch in diameter, believed to be. species of Euphorbia.[*] Its peculiar leaps, jumps, and tumbles are occasioned by the movements of the caterpillar of a small moth confiz within, known as Carpocapsa saltitans Westwood. The insect bo additional interest from the fact that it is congeneric with our known and common codling-moth (Carpecapsa pomonella), whi responsible for the annoyance of the fruit-eater, and serious los to the fruit-grower, from oe defilement, disfigurement, and dest: u tion of the “ apple-worm.’ as In my fourth report on the insects of New aa figures, ‘ pretty full account of these jumping seeds have been given, and ence made to other literature on the subject. a / ‘I regret that I can not give a more satisfactory reply to : inquiry — one which would enable you to return a positive ans) re your correspondent. . Epilachna borealis (Fabr.). The Northern ee with injury to vegetation, has been sent to me from Mr. 1 Ww coner, as s having been Saar an destructive 1 in the cee and autumn. It had never patos Soe in a nuinbeeae y year a few occurred, but during the present year it has mu enormously, and seemed to abound “by the millions.” eo species being undescribed. s (See Riley, in Insect Life, vol. ili, 1891, se REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 311 wood-piles, and other convenient hiding-places, are full of them, searching for winter quarters.” The beetle is represented in Figure 29. It is of a luteous color; its eyes are black. The thorax is marked with four black spots, the largest of which is central near the hind margin. The , wing-covers have seven black spots, two of which are common to the two covers. It varies considerably in size — the largest measuring one-third of an inch in length. “ The larva is described as yellow, with long, brown, Fic. : 29.—The branched spines, arranged in rows of six on each seg- Se Rote ment, except the first thoracic segment, which has only sorzatis. (After four. Its several stages, together with the egg, have =™™0n*) been described by Professor’G. H. French in the Canadian Entomologist, xv, 1883, pp. 189, 190. In seasons of an ordinary abundance of this insect, it may be easily controlled by hand-picking, but in years of such an excessive mul- - tiplication as above recorded, it is almost a hopeless task to attempt - to attain immunity from its depredations. Sitodrepa panicea (Linn.). : Referring to the notice of this insect as a leather pest, in Henan iv pp. 88-92, Mr. A. S. Fuller, of Ridgewood, N. J., has | called my attention to a communication made by him to “The Hub,” of March (?), 1873, under the pee head of “A Pest of the Trimming Shop.” A firm of | //jiiy carriage manufacturers, W. S. Bruce & Co., of ‘f/f THIER ' - Memphis, Tenn., reported serious injury to the cur- ¢ a tains, falls, and cushions of their carriages, from the 2 m borings of a “worm,” which, upon being submit-y,. 9)—srropRera ted to Mr. Fuller, accompanied by the beetle into PANICEA. ' which it developed, was identified by him as the well-known pest, _ Sttodrepa panicea. The following are extracts from the letters of | Bruce & Co.: , : We have been troubled during the last few years in our carriage _ rooms by a bug or worm, which not only destroys cloth linings, but also eats the leather in tops, cushions, and falls, more particu- ' larly when there is paste, as in the facings of the cushions and the ' falls. They bore little round holes through the leather on the outside, and ina little while it looks like a sieve, or the nozzle of a sprinkling ean. They are worse in warm weather. On tearing apart cushion facings and falls, we have found in nests two kinds of white worms, - one short and thick about three-sixteenths of an inch long, and the 312 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE STATE Musnum 2 ai other long and thin, from one inch to an inch and a quarter, which wiggles and runs like a snake. It is about the size of a large pin, and almost as sharp at the ends. a8 We have tried all remedies for this pest, such as are setneicnle used to destroy moths and other insects, but without any effect. They are) very annoying and disastrous. . In a fall that we cut open, we found the worms in nests in cha ‘i paste, between the leather and lining. We have about come to the a onclusion that they are bred in the paste, find them in any vehicles of our own make, the paste used in whic we cook, which is not done in some Northern and Eastern States. The infested carriages were built up country. ~ i Ase Ni fi tes The “two kinds of white worms” were not sent for identifieala to Mr. Fuller. The smaller one was undoubtedly the larva of S drepa panicea ; the larger was probably the larva of Scenopinus fenestralis, preying upon the larve of the clothes moths or some other insect infesting the cushions. Aphodius fimetarius oa ’ A Dune—Beerte. This little “ dung-beetle” was sent to me, on May 6th, from the N. Y. State Agricultural Station at Geneva, infested with a large number. of Uropoda Americana Riley—the mite that has several times be reported as attacking and killing the Colorado potato-beetle.* Mr. G. W. Churchill, to whom I am indebted for the interestin specimen, informs me that it was found in a hot-bed of the Sta from which, last year, an example of the potato-beetle, simi infested, was taken. It would seem from this, he thought, that had a little parasite-farm at their command which might be utilize infesting potato-beetles and other insect pests, and then turning t loose for the distribution and multiplication of the valuable para Professor Fernald, in a communication made to me, has expre his surprise that mention was made in my “Third Report”} of Packard having observed this species in abundance on the carris road of Mt. Washington, since “it is not only abundant on the Whit Mountains, but is common here [Amherst, Mass.] and also throug Maine, where I have known of its abundance from my early hood, and with it a species quite as abundant, viz., Aphodius gh “C Brahm.”7. . - : . * Fifth Report on the ‘Insects of New York, 1889, pp. 289-291. + Report to the Regents of the University S. N. Y. for 1886, p. 103. + Although this species had long ago been introduced in this country from i had not, according to Professor Fernald, been recognized Pe. coleopterists un years ago. Reet PAY ye REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 313 Although A. fimetarius is recognized as a quite common beetle in the Atlantic region, and in some other portions of the United States, it has rarely come under my observation in this portion of New York State. Ihave found it abundantly in the Adirondack mountains during the month of July — at Lake Pleasant, at Keene Valley, and elsewhere. Does it favor elevated localities ? Saperda candida Fabr. The Round-headed Apple-tree Borer. In an excellent article, on “Insect and Fungus Enemies,” con- tributed to the Couniry Gentleman, of March 20, 1890, by Mr. Wood- bridge Strong, of Middlesex county, N. J., he has given in detail “a simple, ready, and complete snc ee ” from this destructive borer, 2 Fic. 31.—The round-headed apple-tree borer, SAPERDA CANDIDA; a, the grub or larva; b, the pupa; c, the imago or beetle. which, although not entirely a new method, has never before been presented in so attractive a form, from its simplicity and assured effectiveness. The writer is evidently convinced that it is the best of all known methods of protection, and we are not disposed to question his conclusions, so far, at least, as employed for nurseries and young orchards. He has written as follows: It is well known that the borer never gets into the stem, otherwise than as the result of an egg laid by the winged insect in a puncture made by her in the bark, at or just above the ground surface, usually in May or June. Jf that point is effectually covered against her at that time every season, of course the egg never gets there, nor the conse- quent boring worm. For this covering nothing is equal to a news- paper or some other soft paper. Fold a newspaper into three or four thicknesses, remove the earth at the foot of the tree two or three inches deep, and wrap the paper _ from the bottom of the hole about the stem for at least a foot above _ the ground, crushing the paper tightly in so as to fit all depressions - in the stock where the insect might creep under and down; tie all _ tightly with a string frail enough to break when the stem shall expand ay 3 Museum Report). ‘ bt Fickle af het | / ou nek, J “ f. ts ie 4 a’ g < ; von a eh, ae am rE a he pau re eo ee RR i 27) Dy a ay 4 4 tas Jays ve rte A N * re hte re yh gs Ail deha® Alp 1s; Aye a bal 4 Cpe. oP STB ee a —_ : ‘eae y ye “4. e : : , \ i‘ stat a _ when appearing in great number and threatening eee ¥ 316 Forvy-FoURTH Report ON THE ‘Srare | Mi: UsEUM sp. in the larva, pupa, and imago. In two instances it had ben thora Ser ean each of the lateral holes a young larva had entered the b: ai “¥ ‘ ep TET oe See Us daee i ah we This species of fea according to Dr. Thaxter, is ae its infesting so many widely differing insects, distributed through the orders bays the Orthoptera. It has been found on «ie and a a bee; the common Hae ie and several species of Oulicid ce, Mycetophilide, Tipulidae, and other families of Diptera; one of Lampyrid beetles; an aphis and on some of the leaf-hopp (Typhlocybe); a Limnophilus among the Neuroptera; and upon Th: to prevail as an epidemic. St Professor J. B. Smith reports, that in the spring of 1890 and in 1891, the clover-leaf beetle in New Jersey (locality not stat Monarthrum mali (Fitch). The ee Bark Beetle. a small white larva.” The bark from the pices received easily spuariied from the 1 w in comparatively thin ‘sheets (in the more infested portions) Ww alone remained of it. Its inner portion had been consumed i Ae as if made by the point of.a pin, as close alenaned as could be made. These burrows are those of the parent beetles, 2 hatching from the egg—a row of eggs having been p little niches excavated for their reception on each side of the | At the end of one of the straight burrows, a dead beetle (one parent beetles doubtless) was found on peeling off the bark a permitting the identification of the architect as Monarthrum : ni REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 317 As the young larva approach their pupation they sink their burrow within the wood until it is contained wholly therein, to a depth not exceeding one-eighth of an inch. A transverse section before me, of six-tenths of an inch diameter, shows nine of these burrows, in one of which, quite near the surface, the head of a pupa is seen. This beetle is the Tomicus mali, of Dr. Fitch’s Third Report, wherein the beetle is named and described, but with no mention of its burrows. The above notes were made several years ago. On referring to the description by Mr. Schwarz, of the galleries and sub-galleries of M. mali, contained in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, i, 1890, pp. 44, 48, it is found to disagree entirely with that of the burrows as above described. It would seem, therefore, that the example identified, as above, was not the infesting beetle of the apple-tree, but was only incidentally present in association with the more abundant species. What was this species? Aphis brassicee Linn. The Cabbage Aphis. Mr. EK. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, N. Y., reports this insect as exceed- ingly abundant in many of the gardens of the city during the autumn of the present year. Its parasites and predaceous enemies seemed correspondingly abundant, and it was expected that their multiplication would tend to prevent the appear- ance of the pest in unusual numbers in the following year (1 lit.). A similar abundance of the species was noticed in New Jersey, by Professor tc. 34.— Winged and wingless females of the John B. Smith, who states cabbage aphis, APHIS BRASSICH, enlarged. in Bulletin No. 72, of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experi- ment Station: “This insect has been unusually abundant during the year. The plants were sometimes so crowded with the lice that it was impossible to see the leaves, and the plants were so devitalized that they failed to grow.” | In the above-named Bulletin, Professor Smith has illustrated the antennal structure of the species, showing the peculiar sensory pits which, in this family, afford good specific characters. The same is 41 Tee eo ue Pie ee =, > é ih . fei ape ei Pa a os ~~ Fame! mt = ae s >" ae a one ae - from Mrs. E. B. Smith, of Coeymans, N. Y., who had found it benea ‘Fig. 35.—The spotless ant-lion MyrmzLzon immacuza- stone rocks of the He - 318 Fabse 6 URTH Rerort ON THE Srare Muspon s we given, in comparison with other species, in Psyche, Yy, 1890, Be a ‘a The beak structures are also shown. ae The Entomologist of the Dakota Agricultural Be paiioub Station s has reported of the excessive multiplication of the species in the pre- ro- te ceding year (1889), in that state, as follows: “It often crowds the upper hidden by the living mass. Indeed, sometimes, nea: for weighty there is more animal than vegetable substance present.” aan In Insect Life, iii, 1891, p. 289-90, Professor C. M. Weed, hae described and illustrated the sexed forms of A. brassice. They had Europe and America for more than a century. Careful descriptio ns of the winged male, the oviparous female, and of the egg are contained in the notice. ee Remedies.— This insect can be effectually controlled by ae of the knapsack sprayers furnished with a Vermoral eae Other remedies are named in the notice of this insect contained the Sixth Report on the Insects of New York p. [52] 148. P Myrmeleon immaculatus (De Geer). A Srrance Hasrrat ror THE Larva. “An ant-lion, apparently about half-grown, was received June | carpet in her house. — differed so much in colors and in struct: features from the « species with which I ¢ familiar, M. immaculatus, — (often observed and col- . the overhanging -1 tus. (After Emerton.) derbergs, and reare - a few instances) that I had no thought of its being, by any possibility, . that species. Added to this, when placed upon the table it tra “i both forward and backward with almost equal facility, and w mh + San on sand, it manifested no disposition to run a circular furrow to construct a pitfall. Its habitat seemed also most remarkable REPORT oF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST 319 an ant-lion. Finding no mention of similar habits pertaining to any of our species, the insect was sent to Dr. Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass., who has made special study of the Myrmeleonide, for its deter- mination. To my great surprise it came back to me as “ probably UH. immaculatus.” _ From that time to the present it has been kept in a jar with sand, . in which it has partially buried, but has never made a pitfall. At first, most of its body was concealed beneath the sand, leaving its head exposed and jaws extended with which to seize any small insect placed within its reach. It was occasionally given young caterpillers, but most of its food has been the smaller flies taken from the win- dows. Later, it was content to have but a portion of its body in the sand —a few of the terminal segments. For perhaps a month past it has declined taking food, and has only occasionally changed its 7 location. At the present time, November 15th, it shows but little ce a ed a . vitality. As it may possibly be preparing for hibernation, in which state the larva has been known to pass the winter when in confine- ment, the box of sand containing it has been removed to a cold room where it may find winter quarters, if that is its purpose. - Norsr.— It survived the winter, and was still living when examined on May 7, 1891, but declined taking food, and died a few days there- after. Could it possibly have been aspecies of Ascalaphus, of which the larve do not make pitfalls or move backward? (see “Notes on the life- history of various species of the Neuropterous genus Ascalaphus,” by J. O. Westwood, in Transactions Entomological Society of London, for 1888, part 1, pp. 1-12). It showed marked structural differences in the head, mandibles, etc., from specimens in the state collection, received from Annapolis, Md., taken from their sand pitfalls, and identified by me as those of Myrmeleon immaculatus. Dendroleon obsoletum (Say). A Clumbing Ant-Lion. The first winged example of this species that had occurred to me in “New York was brought to me in September, 1883, by the lady, Mrs. E. B. Smith, of Coeymans, : _who has been so fortunate as to —— F ea = ' capture the larva of the pre- ee i. ES _ ceding species. Dr. Hagen, to ' whom the specimen was sub- " mitted, states of it: “It is the ' same as ocellatus Burm. and “mgrocinctus Ramb., Walker; very Fic. 36.— DENDROLEON OBSOLETUM. Ae — Se cia ee Ge ae, eee et hoe . ee oe, eo ee rapa or. met. pat © » = ¥ a ») _ Neuroptera of North Amerwa, 1861, p. 225-26, where he gi much Bie’ u naaneine abe dee wee from mm Euro Uracuiise lives on trees — - described nS raised erie Brauer. warmer parts of the oueniee Gan has been found at Salem, J is E. P. Colby. 3 ea Dr. Hagen has described the winged insect in his Sere habitat. “United States, not rare (Say); New York; St. Lo Alabama, Maryland.” FiGc. 38.— The clover mite, BRYOBIA PRATENSIS; a, female, from above; 0, do, ventral view, with legs removed: c and d, tarsal claws: e, proboscis and palpi from below; Jf, proboseis enlarged: g, palpus enlarged: h, one of the body scales: i, scale from outer cephalic-thoracic projection: j, scale from inner cephalic-thoracic prominence; k, serrate hair from basal joint of leg: /, same from penultimate joint: m, spine of Jast joint: a, b, greatly enlarged: c-m, still more enlarged. Bryobia pratensis Garman. The Clover Miie. aa ARACHNIDA : Ord. Acarina: Fam. ks ae ). RILEY: in Rept. Commis. eae for 1884, 1885, p. 413 (infest- ‘houses in Diamond Hill, R. Isl., and Waltham, Mass.). — Fores: 14th Rept. Ins. IIl., 1885, p. 73 (on clover and grass). ie immature peat 7 Cook: in Mich. nee for Jan. 9, 1888 (in houses in Scotts, ich.) | . Lintner: in Ohio ih for ee ae 1889, p. 274; as B. WISNER: in Mieaeen Life, i, 1889, p. 252 (by roadside ae in as, in ane _ 45-52, eel 4, et distribution, life-history, femnedind: Gescrel ¥ | ton of aa em . ey o226 Paar: FOURTH Reporr oN THE STAT in Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, New York, Massachusetts, _ serve but to furnish winter-quarters, and are not especially a al 3 ss the young and adults during the summer months.” during summer, and the occurrence of eges and adults in au and winter on almond, plum, prune, poplar, elm, and other are interested in it. mM j - 7 eae hk a We Ste Bh te ‘ 12 4b U. s. Sete and a valuable paper upon it has ian L y= published by Dr. Riley and Assis Marlett_ of the Division, to which figures, which, by permission — Division, we are permitted to { _ herewith. Distribution. Fie. 37.—The larval clover mite, ole BRYOBIA PRATENSIS. occurring upon the apple, clad C wood, and almond ‘trees, from several localities in California. — Island, and District of Columbia. Food-plants. The paper further represents it as being a very general f “Many of the trees on which it has been found, however, ev would indicate that these are also attacked.” - Occurrence ne Schodack Center, N. Ye notice during tiie ee of eee or the pales year, pianee oe a correspondent at Schodack Center: has sane fhe past week in a panies fine and iced The insect is ste) small iat it won REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 393 _ tiful carmine red. They infest the water-trough mostly. The water is brought to the yard from a spring about forty rods distant through a lead pipe, and has been there for fifty years. There are myriads of the mites, and they move very slowly. What they will do or where they will go is what we would like to: know. Answer was returned, as follows: The little creatures of which '. inquiry is made, are not true insects. They belong to the Acarina, _not far removed from the spiders, in the order of Arachnida. They are true mites and doubtless pertain to the genus of Bryobia. Within a few years past we have had many accounts of these red mites (probably all are of the same species) occurring on grass, clover, and — other vegetation, and entering dwellings at certain times and swarm- ing over bedding, carpets, clothing, furniture, etc., to the great annoy- ance and disgust of the occupants. The source of the mites in this instance may be either the ground and plants near the water-trough, or the spring. Hxamination would. probably show whence they came. They would not harm the cattle or other animals that might be watered at the trough; and in all probability they will soon disappear, perhaps not to be seen again in years. We are glad to receive accounts of all such occurrences of these mites, and would like to have examples sent us that we might see if they belong to the species which has recently been named and described as Bryobia pratensis. Their study has been too long neg- lected in this country, for they are of considerable economic import- ance. Further information of their appearance at Schodack Center would be acceptable—of their continuance, their habits, their extent—if observed elsewhere than in the water-trough, some idea of their number, etc. ‘The following extract of a letter received from Dr. R. Morey, of Old Chatham, N. Y., narrates a similar occurrence of what was prob- ably the same mite as the above: I found this season [1889] in July some specimens in a watering- trough nearly covering its surface, of which I secured a number to send to you, but owing to illness I failed to do so. When afterward going for more they had disappeared—a heavy rain having inter- vened. They were small mite-lke creatures, which could be better examined with a power of about fifty than with the unaided eye, but ‘I was too ill to make the examination. The place where these were seen must have been near to that of the Schodack Center occurrence — within the ride of Dr. Morey. It would be of interest could it be ascertained that both were at the same watering-trough, in consecutive years, Len, wa | Nats) Occurrence at Ausable Fores: N. Y. ve 4 Mrs. H. D. Graves, of Ausable Forks, has written me ot her obser- Rts: : vation of this same mite upon the walls of a church edifice near her residence. | ; ld oe The mites were seen :five or six years ago, in March? i during, Lenten services”), as red spots upon a cement covered wall of tha porch of a stone church at Ausable Forks. Some of the clusters i which they had gathered, as estimated, would have twice filled . a | tablespoon. They were of so bright a red color that they suggeste _ blood to the observers. In appearance, when examined with a ma fier, they closely resembled the “red spider” of the green-h except that they were two or three times as large. The cracks in cement seemed full of - them, so that they were smoked out ‘sulphur and then killed by applying kerosene. No plausible | anes could be made as to their source. The church ra i a | aati of their observation was of a freezing temperature, ‘They h | Bs mot since reappeared. Cermatia forceps (Raf.). » A Household Centipede. (Class Myrtaropa: Ord. Curioropa: Fam. Scuricmrm2.) — s ei -“Watss: in Amer. Entomol., i, 1869, p. 252 (in Missouri, and harmless), LG _ Rivey: in Amer. Entomol., ii, 1870, p. 182 (common in houses west). Curtis: in Amer. Naturalist, viii, 1874, p. 368 (poisonous bite). _ Layrner: Fourth Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1888, pp. 128-134, fig. 53 (general ne Fifth Rept. do., 1889, pp. 295-6 (food). 4 Datu: in Insect Life, ii, 1890, p.315 (at Washington, D. C., and i iets _ Ripex-Howann: in Insect Life, ii, 1890, p. 316 (habits). i -FuetcHer: in Entomolog. News, i, 1890, p. 167; in Insect Life, ‘lil, Ps p. 85 (capture of Croton bugs). i Harairt: in Insect Life, iii, 1890, p. 85 (mumerous in Ohio, and habit ‘i For additional Bibliography, see oe ‘Report Be N. Bie Additional Notes. ‘ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 325 In a letter recently received from Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of Lancaster, Pa., who apparently has an almost exhaustless store of untold observations upon insect lives and habits, yhe has given me the following account of his early acquaintance with the Cermatia, which is particularly valuable as ante- dating all the published records of the domestic habits of this strange creature. ¥ Observed in Pennsylvania in 1849. ‘be: SA VEG ee From the spring of 1841 until the close = S\: 7 of 1848, my residence was in Marietta, Pa. rene \ During that period, I actively canvassed SN | ZS the townships of East and West Donegal, IA SZ Sw in Lancaster /county, and Hallom and Up = ON adjoining townships in the county of Y f INN York — in fact it was the most active fp p & &N\ a a period in my life in field entomology. | During all of the above time I never saw a single specimen of Cermatia forceps ; but the first year after my removal to Lancaster I met them frequently, espe- cially in the cellars of old buildings. My place of business was at No. 101 North Queen street, and my private residence at No. 506 on the same street, in an ele- vated location. At the former location they were large and of a bluish-green color. About the second or third year Fic. 39.—CERMATIA FORCEPS. they began to appear in the cellar and (After Wood.) also in the upper rooms of my residence, but not so large nor yet so highly colored — more of a drab color, except the feet, which were white. ws : ee 5 —————— A Cockroach-killer. In the same building, with only a four-inch wall between us, lived a Mr. James G. Thackara, an agent of the Adams Express Company. His house was more infested than mine, and he frequently brought me fine specimens of them. He called them the “Cockroach-killers,” and he related some of his observations in reference to them, as follows: On two or three occasions he witnessed conflicts between them and the cockroach [Periplanata orientalis (Linn.)|, which always ended in the death of the roach. The roach seemed to be conscious that he had engaged in conflict with his deadly enemy; he made no attempt to escape, but raised himself up as high as he could on his feet, and seemed to have his eye fixed upon his foe —both animals apparently reconnoitering and trying to get the vantage ground. This might continue for from ten to fifteen minutes, until the myriapod would seize the first opportunity to pounce upon the roach at an unprotected point and get him in his embrace, when after a very short time he would relinquish his prey and leave him dead upon the field. What 42 “myany | curved lege (Entomological News, i, 1890, p. pet): disagreeable presence, by catching and greedily feeding upon flies across the floor of the hall of the second story. At Osceola, I have often noticed them on my desk while I was Pe ene ee night, when they would remain fixed as a statue for twenty minute or more, but would disappear as quick as lightning if I made th least movement toward them. They themselves may in turn be f upon by spiders, as I have often f.und their dead bodies in spide webs in cellars and outhouses. I have, however, never witnessed st a contest as Mr. Thackara described. | Its‘ Capture of the Croton-bug. ris That ihe Cermatia found a portion of its food in the Croton-bug, Meat Ectobia Germanica (Fabr.), has been suspected from its known food- habits. At the last meeting of the Entomological Club of the A. A. Ay S55. at Indianapolis, Ind., Mr. James Fletcher reported his havir oo observed ‘its. capture of this insect at Washington, D. O.; and describec its method : as springing upon its prey and encaging it between ; aS 4 ee i } i . . Its Distribution Northward. In my ; first notice of this myriapod, it was represented as a souther species gradually working its way northward (4th Report Insects N York, page 130), it ‘having first been seen in New York city in 1 year 1867, and in Albany in 1870. The above reminiscence by. : th, Binba), many years previous to these thitiess radial anal a al progress for a creature of such remarkable cursorial powers. __ pe ita age ao ele Guest? dwelling-houses was for the purpose of feeding upon some oe smaller insects that commonly- frequent them. In the succeed g report (Fifth, p. 296), it was shown as rendering some return for its Now that it is presented in niche role of a cockroach and Croton n- ay to do so under provocation. Its Occurrence in Missouri. Na A late communication from Mr. Gilbert Van Ingen, of Clinton ye gives the following notes of its occurrence in localities in Miss where it has not been previously recorded: iy. At Higginsville, Lafayette county, Mo, I saw an indisueies rur REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 397 ~ found another between the sheets in my bed at the hotel. I have often found them under stones and logs in St. Clair county, Mo., and occasionally in the same habitats about Clinton, Mo. Its Poisonous Bite. Mr. Van Ingen also gives an account of a bite received by him, which without doubt was inflicted by the Cermatia: It is poisonous, sometimes fatally so. The one at the hotel at Osceola bit me in two places on the body. The flesh around the bites became much inflamed and swollem but did not fester. This condition continued for four or five days, after which the swelling and inflammation gradually subsided. Dr. J. H. Britts has told me that he knows of a case in which a child was bitten by a Cermatia and died from the effects. You state that _ there is no record of its bite having been inflicted upon a human being. I did not see the Cermatia bite, as from the circumstances it was impossible to do so, but I felt the pain, and getting up and light- ing a lamp and making examination for the cause, I found the Cer- matia between the sheets. In each of the wounds, the punctures made by the two mandibles were distinctly visible as small inflamed spots. The poisonous nature of its bite had been recorded several years ago in a note to the American Naturalist, for June, 1874, which had been, until recently, overlooked by me.. In it, Dr. Josiah Curtis, of Wash- ington, D. C., wrote that a lady in the house with him had been bit- ten upon her foot, by stepping barefoot upon a Cermatia in the dark. She at first thought she had trodden on a carpet tack, but the sensa- tion was quite different soon, being more like the effects of a coal of fire. On lighting the gas the creature wounded by her tread was found. The bite was followed by much swelling in the foot, but taking medical advice, it yielded to an application of ammonia and camphor. The swelling and pain continued for thirty-six hours, meantime keeping the lady awake for nearly an entire night. In view of the above statements, where the fact of poisonous bites having been inflicted under provocation will not be questioned, the instance given in my 4th Report (page 134) of a supposed Cermatia bite, in the dormitory of a boarding-school [in Albany, N. Y.], will also be accepted as adding a third to the number of such occurrences. PPENDIX \ tT hae aoe ~ Shee, ft 4 fay aes, | (A) ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. The two following papers are published in this place, for conveni- ence of reference, and as partly supplementing the brief report of the preceding year: THE INSECTS OF THE PAST YEAR, AND PROGRESS IN INSECT STUDIES. [ Read before the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, at its Annual Meeting, Jan. 23, 1889. GentLemin.— Instead of asking your attention at this time to the consideration of some particular insect pest, as I have done on former occasions, it will, [ am sure, be of more interest if I offera brief review of the more important insect attacks of the past year within the State of New York, coupled with the absence of those that might have been expected to occur, and a few remarks on progress made in insect studies. . [Following were notices of the operations of the grain aphis, ‘Siphonophora avene (Fabr.); an attack, in July, of the hop aphis, Phorodon humuli (Schrank); abundance of the apple-tree tent-cater- pillar, Clisiocampa Americana Harris, in connection with the neglected apple orchards of the state; a remarkable multiplication at Kingsbury of the forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa sylvatica ; absence of the usual injuries of the caterpillar of the white-marked tussock-moth, -Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.—Abb.); and two weevils, Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linn.) and Silvanus Surinamensis (Linn.) infesting dwelling-houses. These are omitted, having been included in the introduction to the preceding (6th) Report of the Entomologist.] _ Tue Curncu-pue 1n Western New York. In my Second Report, several pages were devoted to observations on the Chinch-bug, Blissus leucopterus (Say), in Jefferson county, in the year 1883, where so large an acreage of grass and clover was destroyed by it, as to occasion great alarm, and excite the fear that it was destined to become one of the permanent pests of our state, as it for a long time has been of several of the western states. Professor Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois, has written of it: binea, ia burnt into the convictions of Fae ie Famers | repeated heavy losses and bitter disappointment.” mh i pcan. and other autho s measures with which it was met, and x doubt, also, to seasonal conditions unfavorable to it, it did iv reappear in northern New York, in injurious number. Since time, I have had no knowledge of further injuries from it, until q . in 1 rie county, particularly in the central portion of the conse _ Lancaster. He reports a field of three acres of timothy gras _ Lancaster, which in 1888 yielded as fine a crop as was ever seen, ; _ year not worth the cutting, as the result of the dperatanes of in 1888 and 1889, “from the big.” i . ' Tan GRAPEVINE F'LEA-BEETLE. Ah grape- growers, if we may ne fron the Aan inquiries 1 rec of its habits and how to deal with it. Its multiplication shouk Be be permitted, but should be persistently fought by breaking ‘tes eae in the autumn its usual aie of pier ab Oe as res: i - aon Sa The grapevine leaf-hoppers are ie. occasioning a a amount of harm. I purpose as soon as may be, to give them I ce study. ae Tar Cow-Horn Fy. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 333 rapidly spreading northward, a few words in relation to it may serve to give early knowledge of its presence, and thereby enable farmers to meet it promptly and check its increase. The larger number of our most harmful insect pests have been brought to us, from Europe, and this is one of the latest additions to the extended list of much to be regretted importations that might be given. It is native to the south of France — was first noticed in Pennsylvania in 1886, and from its habit of collecting in masses on the horns of cattle so as completely to cover and blacken them toward their base, it has been given the common name of the “ cow-horn fly.” Other names that have been applied to it, are “cow-fly,” “ horn-fly,” “ Texan-fly,” and “ Buffalo-fly.” Scientifically it is Heematobia serrata R. Desv. It is a small insect, not so large as the common house-fly but resembling it in general appearance, and is quite closely allied to the common biting fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, which often greatly annoys cattle and horses by inflicting its sharp bite, usually upon their legs. Unlike that, however, this confines its attack to cattle, not extending it to horses, mules, or man. Greatly exaggerated state- ments were at first made of the injury wrought by the fly. Common report represented it as depositing eggs at the base of the horn, the larve hatching from which burrowed into the head, entering the brain, and often causing the death of the animal within byentyes hours. _ As soon as scientific study could be given the insect, it was found that the harm resulting from the presence of the fly was not so serious as to be the occasion of alarm. No deaths had resulted from it, and the cows were not dehorned by it. In the thinner-skinned and more _ sensitive animals, as the Jerseys, the bites, and bloodsucking and - resulting inflammation might, perhaps, through rubbing, produce sore and bleeding spots. The amount of harm caused by the fly seems to be narrowing down to a falling off in the amount of milk - and cream of infested herds, reported by some at one-third, and in ; one instance, in New Jersey, at one-half of the usual production. The life-history of the fly has been studied out, and published, by the Division of Entomology at Washington,* and by Prof. J. B. Smith, of the State Agricultural College of New Jersey. Its eggs are deposited in the fresh droppings of the cattle. The larve, feeding and maturing therein, may be destroyed by a daily sprinkling of the droppings with lime, or better still, as not liberating the ammonia, with plaster. Protection from the bite may be had by the application _ of oils to the body of the animals. * Insect Life, ii, 1889, pp. 93-103, figs. 11-15; Report U. S. Dept. Agriculture for 1889, p. 346. 43 Y yt Pits be | Ne hy Hs se Bay ub iy 7 F ; ne: ; o 3 te Wee pita, iy s Ys teh, rs i C ‘ 3 th ar Piet is Wildes a eB RIE Rds iE EY 8 Ye O aeotk sf { oe : fi iit a 334 FORTY-FO URTH REPORT OF THE Srane Mt USEUM ; [For a more extended notice of this insect, see F ifth Ripert on | Insects of New York, 1889, pp. 78-85; pp. 220-227 of 42d St. M Rept. | & A Saw-riy Borer In Werar. applied only to the maize or Indian corn, while in England it is us collectively for all of the cereals or farinaceous food-plants which g in ears, viz., wheat, rye, barley, oats, and maize. Its scientific na Cephus pygmeus (Linn.). Je It was discovered two years ago (in 1887) infesting wheat on Cornell University Farm, at Ithaca, where it has already beco extremely abundant, but strangely, has not been observed, so far known, elsewhere. Professor Comstock has made it the subjeree Special Bulletin — No. XI, November, 1889, in which a full acco of the insect is given. The larva, hatching from the egg deposite in a slit made by the ovipositor of the female fly usually in the upp pRortion of the stalk, four to five days before its heading out, burro Indications of its presence seldom appear before the first Ww July, when it has penetrated to the first joint above the grounc which time a discoloration beneath it may be noticed. bik m liable to be broken and thrown to the ground by high winds the prevail. At the time of harvest, nearly all of the larva have burro downward to the surface of the ground, where a cell is excavated closed at the top with borings, and a cocoon is spun of 1 Here, after the cutting of the grain, it remains within the st hibernating in its larval stage, and not assuming its pupal for I the following spring—in March or April. Some time in M winged insect emerges from the pupa, and appears abroad ae none. ful weighing kernels of infested and uninfested hoods but a very pecdcrate amount of difference in rect ie REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 335 comes to us with a bad reputation, and, therefore, effort should be made to arrest its spread. The Cornell University Station would accomplish a good work, if they would not permit us to hear of its operations beyond their own borders.. The wheat stubble of their farm may, at the present time, entirely monopolize the living and unfledged material in this country.* It is thought that it may have been brought over from England in straw used for packing. Tue Gypsy Mors. It is of no little interest to the naturalist, when the date and locality of introduction from abroad of a species of injurious insect can be definitely ascertained, that its rate and lines of distribution may be more accurately determined, and change of habits under its new environments observed. The last half century, prior to which but little attention had been given to the study of insects in this country affords approximate data of the kind, for several of our notable insect pests. Thus, to cite a few of these: The elm-leaf beetle, Galeruca xanthomelceena (Schr.). was first noticed in 1838, on elms in Baltimore and its vicinity; the grain aphis, Siphonophora avene (Fabr.), probably about 1850, but not injurious until 1861; the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rape (Linn.), observed in 1858, at Quebec, Canada; the asparagus beetle, Crioceris asparagi (Linn.), introduced probably in 1856 or 1857, ‘and first seen at Astoria,.Long Island, in 1859; the hop-vine aphis, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), recorded for the first in 1862; the currant worm, Nematus ribesii Scop. (formerly known as N. ventricosus Klug), introduced about 1860, it is believed at Rochester, N. Y.; the carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophularie (Linn.), about 1870, in New York city and in California; the clover-root borer, Hylesinus trifolii (Mull.) [lately referred to Hylastinus obscurus Marsh.], about 1875, first observed in Yates county, N. Y., in 18°8; the pear midge, Dzplosis pyriwvora Riley, in 1877 or 1878, at Meriden, Conn.; the larch saw-fly, Nematus Hrichsoni (Hartig), first seen in 1880, on imported larches, at Brookline, Mass. To the above formidable list, a score of others introduced within the period embraced, might be added, the injurious character of several of which would entitle them to special mention. I will only add to the list, at this time, by mention of, _ and brief reference to, one which has been brought to our notice J during the past year, and which is exciting so much interest in Massachusetts that the Governor of the state has deemed it ; * Publication has since been made of the capture of a single example of the species, a at Ottawa, Canada, in 1887, by Mr. Harrington, and of three examples by Mr. Van Duzee, at Buffalo, on the 9th and 11th of June, 1889, showing that it has already attained a somewhat extended distribution.— ( Canadian Entomologist for February, 1890, xxii, p. 40.) 336 For TY-FOURTH REPORT OF THE aeaee Mos USEUM PF proper, in his late message, to call’ public attention to it, that, Bk other ates of the Union. The insect is the Ocneria dispar of Lin nus, popularly known in its winged stage, as the Gypsy moth. It i an old pest of European countries — more particularly perhaps ii Germany than elsewhere, where at times its caterpillar has strippe the foliage from entire forests. Itis one of the kind known as polypha gous or having a great number of food-plants. Hardly any shrub o tree, whether fruit or forest or ornamental is rejected, and garde vegetables and other products are also eaten by it. It is eviden adapted to a very broad distribution, occurring as it does, pa Europe, Northern and Western Asia, apa + in Japan. | by an Spee Mr. L. Trouvelot, then living near Glenwood, che ‘ah yon: and a few foreign species. From some cocoons of the Gipar ae brought over by him, the winged insects emerged, and a few chanc to escape. Their progeny, adapting themselves to the conditions pr ys sented, have continued to increase from that time onward, until the; have become thoroughly naturalized. Fortunately, the species single-brooded; the female does not deposit many eggs, and heavy abdomen disinclines it to extended flight. Hence it is, tha although twenty years have passed since its colonization, the ares of distribution which it has appropriated and now holds, is limit to an ellipse of about a mile and a half by a half-mile in exte in Medford—a few miles’ northwardly of Boston. But withir ¥ this area, it appears, from the report of Professor C. H. Fernald, a Entomologist of the Massachusetts Agricultural College and of th y Hatch Experiment Station, to have displayed a remarkable voracity fap In the Special Bulletin of the Station for November, 1889, devoted to pt: the insect, it is said to have “ multiplied to such an extent as to’ caus Ra. _ the entire destruction of the fruit crop and also to defoliate the shad trees in the infested region”— that above named. That an insee capable of such destructiveness, and with such an European history attached to it, should be promptly met and exterminated while ] aC ticable in its present limited area of occupation, will be concedec all. It is reported by the press, that an appropriation from the | At legislature has been asked for the _ purpose. Professor — ud anfeated region in Medford be thoroughly showered with Paris é ; in water, soon after the hatching of the eggs in the spring, the Repor?’ or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 337 caterpillars will surely be destroyed ; and if any escape, it will be because of some neglect or ignorance in the use of the insecticide” He is not positive that the insects “can be exterminated. in a single year, but entertains ho doubt but that, if the work of showering be continued during the months of April and May for two or three years, under competent direction, that they may be entirely destroyed.”* " Proaress In Insect Srupizs. Passing now to another division of my paper, may I speak briefly of the progress being made in insect studies, particularly as they relate to the control of insect depredations. After having been laboring for many years in a field of study in which the forms requiring investigation are far more numerous than all the other classes of the animal kingdom combined — with but few, perhaps ten or twelve, co-laborers throughout the United States, and with results not always meeting the demand from our agriculturists for aid in times of need —it affords me more gratification than I can _- express, to be able to report a progress in economic entomology, such as I had not dared to hope ever to see. Those of you who have had hard experiences in your gardens and elsewhere in fighting some of our most common insect pests, such as the wire-worm, the white-grub, the rose-bug, the cucumber-beetle, and the cabbage-worm, should also rejoice with me that these, together with many others of the kind, will in all probability, ere long, be brought under such control that serious injury from them can be prevented. Scores of enthusi- astic workers are now engaged in earnest study of the successive stages in the lives of our more injurious insects, that their most vulnerable points may be learned, and in experiments which shall indicate the most simple, inexpensive, and efficient method of dealing with each insect pest. No preceding year has marked so great an advance in applied entomology as has the last. Enromotocists oF THE AcricutTuRAL Experiment Srarions. This is the direct result of the beneficent provisions of what is _ commonly known as the “Hatch Act” of the 49th Congress, of _ 1887, for the establishment of an Agricultural Experiment Station q in each of the United States, to embrace those departments of : investigation and experiment which will bear most directly on the _ agricultural industry of the respective states. Thirty of these stations * An appropriation of $25,000 has since been made by the Massachusetts legislature _ for the extermination of the moth, and three commissioners have been appointed by the Governor who have already (in March) entered upon their work. Since the BPES was written the insect has spread over a considerably larger territory. have already organized a department of entomology, or of ob jin 4 _ bushel) were caught and killed daily near Perham during a w allowed perhaps four-fifths of the number to jump from the « % . iad mY yi) ae peat? pias: is 338 (Be aa dt Hanon OF THE Sram Mu USEUM ie Oe ran thr and botany united—the two studies being intimately connected in es the interrelation of insect injuries and plant diseases. The valuab! work accomplished by these entomologists has been shown in severs publications, in bulletins of the stations, etc., which have been high creditable, and, undeniably, contributions of much economic impor’ | ance; and further, giving assurance of rich results to follow. Operations Acainst THE Rocky Mountain Locvst. ment stations, to that vant’ den iivehed: at the Minnesota Txpewal ma Station, by its very able entomologist, Dr. Otto Lugger. It was | effort to save from destruction the crops of a section in Otter T county from the descendants of a few Rocky Mountain loc Caloptenus spretus, that had located there in 1884, and at the time active operations against them were commenced (in 1888) had hat« in numbers sufficient, as estimated, not only to destroy the entire ¢ of that county but ofa large portion of the state. The precedi year five thousand acres of wheat had been swept away. In . th emergency appeal was made to the Governor of the state for Dr. Lugger was commissioned by him to visit the locality and rey upon the situation. Upon his report the Governor at once sent to { infested region the material that was asked for in sheet-iron | making large pans to contain tar and kerosene, and muslin for construction of bags, in which to catch and kill the “ hoppers.” means of these, fifty and. more bushels of locusts (nearly all ye and requiring, at the least, seven thousand individuals to m June. By the 1st of July, froma low estimate, twenty-five hu bushels had been killed. The labor required was paid for b; county commissioners, with the promise of being returned by the which was thereafter done. Later, it was determined to pay a b for catching and killing the hoppers, and one dollar a bushel was offered by the county commissioners. As the “ hopper-dozers, "3 popular name for the ten-feet long sheet-iron pans which had prove efficient, did not hold the insects that were swept into them REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST * 339 sewed into one corner. As this is drawn quickly over the ground by a horse, and the bag or balloon becomes inflated by the wind or draught, the “hoppers” are scooped up, or hop or fly into it. When the bag is filled, the insects are removed to other bags, in which they are tied up for convenient measurement. It worked admirably, and yielded goldenreturns. The fields were covered with hopper-catchers— men, women, and children—the latter using their aprons and shawls, and the women, table-cloths and sheets. The farmers gave up their usual work for this better remuneration. They would allow no one to share with them in the ingathering of this harvest, all intruders being warned away by such signs as these posted up in conspicuous places: “All hopper-catching forbidden on these premises,” or “For the privilege of hopper-catching apply to .’ The crop ' was undoubtedly the best paying one that their lands had ever yielded. ‘The number of bushels caught and measured in this man- ner, and paid for by the commissioners, was 14,357. The nearly $15,000 required for the purpose was considered as money well expended. At the lowest estimate, the number of bushels of locusts killed in Otter Tail county, during the season, was thirty-five thousand. The total expenditures, under the different methods employed, was $17,757 ; and, as the result, the crops of most of the farms were saved. | It having been found last spring (1889) that the eggs of the locusts had been mainly deposited in stubble-fields, and that in every case where such lands had been plowed, as the result of the deep burial of the eggs beneath the surface, hardly a locust had made its appearance, it was determined to plow all of the more badly infested fields, through the aid extended by the state, while continuing the use of the “hopper-dozers’”’ on the less infested portions. All such fields as were found on examination to contain a large number of the eggs, _ if exceeding twenty-five acres (the smaller plots being left to the owners to plow), were condemned, and farmers living in the vicinity were invited to plow them within a given time. The plowing was: to be properly done as supervised by the owner, to the depth of ‘at least five inches, for which the laborer was entitled to draw his pay of $1.25 per acre. This measure proved to be a complete success. No locusts hatched in the plowed fields. Where the young had emerged from the eggs, they were buried in the furrows and killed. The number of acres plowed.as above, was 6,361 —a trifle less than ten square miles. The entire expenditure for the season, including the “hopper-dozer” catching, burning over stubble and dead grass ‘ fields, poisoning with London purple, etc., was $10,131. 340 ForTY-FOURTH ayes f OF THE ‘Snare Mt. canine Le _As the result of the operations above bnesaioel) the insect vas be virtually destroyed throughout the infested districts. Compar few eggs were laid last year, and there is no apprehension of seni injury from the few survivors the coming season. re When you recall the fearful losses from this Rocky Mountain los in some of the western states in former years that brought pove and starvation to thousands of their people — estimated at two hun millions of dollars in a single year (1874), in the four States Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa, you can not but regard i i locust of the old world, has been brought under control. Tun ENTOMOLOGICAL Driiston oF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF Acricura I have on many former occasions felt it my duty and privile; ‘ mention and commend the work being done by the Entomo Division of the Department of Agriculture at Washington. It deserves the liberal support extended to it by our General Go ment, and the appreciation and encouragement which it is rece from the present Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the De ment. Its studies are thorough and of great practical value publications are characterized by a merit that makes them ea sought for by entomologists throughout the world. Its collect remarkably rich in biological material —its manuscript and : unworked matter relating to insect lives and habits, surpris with their amount and richness when a short time ago I was ab look over a i pmatl eg, of the accumulated Bike: some length would be. . InrropuctTion oF Parasitic TysEcrs. In 1868, a scale-insect, Icerya Purchasi, or, as it is popularly from its peculiar appearance, “the cottony-cushion scale,” chanc be Ne into Calioraey, on an Acacia from Australia. It apparently doomed. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 341 _ It occurred to Dr. Riley, chief of the Entomological Division, that the ravages of the insect could be staid, if the natural parasites that had kept it from being a pest in its home in Australia, could be secured, brought to California, propagated in sufficient number, and then turned loose to seek their prey. After much labor and many disappointments, a small appropriation was obtained sufficing to defray the traveling expenses of two agents of the division. They were dispatched to Australia, where they were successful in procuring some of the parasites and predaceous enemies of the Icerya, and in sending them alive tothis country. They were carefully cared for, propagated in confinement in large number, and then distributed throughout the infested districts. One of the imported species, belonging to the family of “lady-bugs” (Coccinellide) has displayed wonderful powers of multiplication, and remarkable fitness for the work assigned it. From the 514 individuals imported last winter, in five different sendings, the present progeny may be numbered by the million. The success of this measure has far exceeded the most sanguine expectations. It has been simply marvelous! The orange grower now points to orchards which were on the verge of ruin, where it is not easy to find a single living scale. The, perhaps, most pernicious seale-insect ever known to science, has been conquered, and seems doomed to a speedy extermination. The California fruit-growers are jubilant over the success of the first experiment of fighting an intro- duced pest by the importation of its natural enemies — often proposed but never before accomplished. Cuitivation oF Insect Diszasss. Considerable attention has been given by Professor Forbes and others to the contagious diseases of insects, to which some of our insect enemies have shown themselves to be quite Hable. They have at times assumed an epidemic character, and have thereby proved highly beneficial in arresting serious and widespread ravages. It has ‘been hoped that much might be accomplished by the distribution of insects infested with contagious disease to uninfested localities, and — Pee ea thus rapidly and greatly entend its sphere of operations. Hxperi- ments of this nature have been made the past year in Minnesota and in Kansas to utilize a fungus disease with which the chinch-bug has been recently attacked in some of the western states. In Kansas, numbers of the diseased bugs were collected, which being confined with apparently healthy ones, readily communicated their malady to them. When a sufficient quantity were obtained in this manner, dis- tribution was made of them at various points along the railroads of 44 342 pape URTH Report on THE Srare Mu snuM the state and other pine lines of travel. It is claimed that almost every one of these localities the disease subsequently made eee appearance, and it is believed that it was conveyed and quite: largel ah extended through this distribution. eee ae A : f Lest I should weary you with details that may not be of general interest, I will not extend them, trusting that what I have alread fice and foremost of the great industries of our country — —the mS agricultural. :, A LATE EXPERIENCES WITH INSECTS INJURIOUS TO. ORCHARD AND GARDEN. Sa [From the Proceedings of the Western New York Horticultural Society, 1890. é before the Society atits Annual Meeting, January 22, 1890, ] Gentiemen.— You will be glad to know that rapid progréss is. : hate -made throughout the United States in the study of insects, partic larly in that department of the science known as economic entomolo which has specially to do with our insect foes and insect friends, how they are to. be met. A great impetus has been given to the through the establishment, in each one of the states of the U an Agricultural Experiment Station, thirty of which, in conside of the practical importance of investigation relating to insect have enrolled an entomologist among their faculty. Some of © are among our most able entomologists. They have entered ardor upon their work, and highly valuable results have been ac There is every prospect that within a few years nearly all of ou injurious insects will be brought under control. : | The most promising feature in this “new departure” is the _ tunity for experiment offered, whereby the value of any possible ventive or remedy may be tested, and any proposed remed under the many modifications required by conditions of soil, « season, atmosphere, wet or drought, particular vegetation to — tected, etc. This recent large increase in the number of ¥ entomologists, together with: the favorable field for resea experiment presented in the farms connected with the Stat: r led to the organization during the year of an association k the “Association of Economic Entomologists.” Its title de membership. Its objects, essentially, are the insuring of such ration among its widely distributed members as shall resul largest possible aggregate of benefit, through the discussion eitipation:’ not dared to atternk. in the few hours that I have been able te to this paper, to give you what I would gladly have done me permitted —a general summary of what has been accom- d by our entomologists during the past year in their studies of ne Otay with the insects with which you are eeu | es, in simple methods through improved apparatus for their thorough application, and the results that follow their use. ea ome hes the codling-moth can be: controlled, and apples ; a Re cae. it would be costly neglect. Insecticidal compared with old methods of fighting insects, as pinching or distributing poisons with a sprinkling-pot, is as the € = in oer nea. with the old flint-lock muskets, ' 2 ae the Bekah of one ee of the arsenite to 200 gallons of As the foliage of fruit trees has at times been injured to a ae eon extent by the insecticides employed, it is very desirable Experiments for determining Pits will be a a of the Work foe the present year. It would seem that the the poisons. It appears that the na and cherry are the) tion to a method that has been brought to our notice within t pt Ry Ae ae | FoRTY-FOURTH Ruvorr ON THE Srare Mu vSEUM later sprayings should be of reduced se The different fruit trees show different degrees of suseeptibilieys least 300 gallons {for Paris ae and 400 ities for lias ) purple] is recommended. It is probable that further oper obtained through spraying at different hours of the day, and v different atmospheric conditions. that white arsenic may not be used with safety, and certain wher it has been dissolved by boiling or otherwise. SPRAYING WITH a. WE. alkaline SALAH. pyrethrum water, tobacco water — each of my has certain adaptation to certain insect attacks, I will ask your year as having proved efficient in arresting the injuries of one 0 chief pests of rose-growers —the rose-slug, Monostegia rose (Hs We are indebted for it to Mr. L. O. Howard, first assistant entomological division at Washington. I quote a commu ¢ recently made by him to Orchard and Garden. A - Tenjoyed fighting the rose- slugs in my garden last summer, paz ticularly as they were so easy to kill. It was an old garden with man varieties of roses. During the early summer there was abunda1 and I did not bother myself one way or the other about the p they bloomed eer and looked green. But when a a spe petals brown at the tips. I patted on. pyrethrum ied with flour, which also killed them, but pyrethrum is rather expe dusted them with sifted coal ashes, which also killed them, made the bushes look nasty. As the drought continued I b: out my hose, and discovered, to my delight, that a strong: st Po ohrong penn of water I found was a most admirable blew the plant-lice off my currant bushes; it thoroughly ed the web-worm on my shade trees; it made the little ants ild their little mounds on my lawn and “in the cracks of my 1, tired of life; and, best of all, it broke up the nests and ely disheartened the English sparrows which built in the ivy er the windows of my house. Where it is available, therefore, iter, “ without trimmings,” when thrown with a sufficient force, Hes nded areas devoted eke crops, have rendered it neces- , these, as well as insect ravages, should enlist the attention ae earnestly fought by, the horticulturist. Many of these g from combining London purple with Bordeaux mixture in the Colorado potato-bug and preventing the potato rot, has own in experiments made; and there is every reason to believe er insects and other nee attacks may be similarly treated eat success. different formule for this, perhaps the best is: Six pounds of sulphate of ssolved in 4 gallons of hot water; 4 pounds of lime dissolved in 4 gallons ter; mix and dilute with cold water to 22 gallons. — ais ba bese Apes ii | rt 4 " en , ‘ ‘ fi ; Rat A Ke m ie) ‘i we i i ‘ ke my “oa a rey 2 A Ca! € i ie ; et - pis ay Prix We “9 = y Ths RET OM vs Coane ts ay ot -f : : es. : g Peo 2 yk “fs aes wi j ie Sues abhs Bes 346 ForTyY-FouRTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum / CARBOLIZED PLASTER PREVENTIVE. Plaster of Paris has frequently been used to prevent insect depre- at dation, but it is doubtful if it aid be more efficacious for thir is | purpose, when applied to fruit trees, than ashes or road dust. From some experiments in protecting plum trees from curculio attack carbolized plaster, made by combining one pint of crude carbolic acid ~ with fifty pounds of plaster, has shown such beneficial results that ; the method merits additional trials. It may prove a valuable pre- - ventive of the depredations of the rose-bug, Vacrodactylus subspinosus, from which, as yet, we know of no satisfactory means of protection ! Srupy oF THE Ross-Bue. wi The recent working out of the life-history of this great pest of fruit-grower and florist, by the Entomological Division at Wash i ton, will, it is hoped, when published, aid materially in operati against it; but I have long thought that our best success in con ing with it is to be found in the study of its particular breed grounds. It is known to be a local insect, appearing suddenly immense numbers, in particular localities only, and there is, there reason to believe that it has its particular breeding grounds. It instance, at least, such a source for it has been known and obse rve for many years. Mrs. Lucy G. Chrisman, of Chrisman, Va, wi ' whom I have exchanged several letters on the subject, inform that year after year the rose-bugs may be seen coming in myria f from a bush-covered, swampy or marshy soil, of sand that is alway! wet, and which had, evidently, in former years, been a bend in t tl river, now cut off by a change in the channel. They are ann true to their appointed time of appearance almost to a day, and t also to their line of flignt, which she has kindly mapped out for and represents as being ina body about five hundred feet broad, mor up the old river bed the first day as far as a church indicated i in sketch, about a mile from the swamp, and flying quite low. ' second day they rise higher in their continued flight, spreading 80 what, and reaching certain points beyond (indicated) in one, two three days thereafter. I hope, later, to compile from Mrs. Christ letters the interesting observations made by her and gathered f her friends, of the breeding ground, flight, limitation to sand feeding and other habits, which she has very kindly given to 1 In the necessarily hurried preparation of my Annual Rep the last year, which was handed in for printing in Decemb: (* An admirable study of the Rose-bug has since been made by Prof. Jno. B.S the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, which has been publ Bulletin No. 82, July, 1891, of that station: pp. 40, figs. 10. ] ; ed | be as of fruit insects. CoLEoPHORA sp.— A New Pear Insect. J ane 8 1888, Mr. P. Barry reported to me that the mewvliy-det of the Mount Hope Nurseries had been vigorously attacked by nemy, a queer-looking form, which was found with one end into the fruit. Examples were subsequently sent, when the or idan found to be ae ae of a small Tineid moth, of the ‘ pearing as if a aa twit had been apuie into the pear. ‘ ? ens of the fruit submitted showed that the operations of the consisted in boring» numerous round holes of about the its body. (that of an ordinary pin) to the depth that it rude from its case. Withdrawing itself, it would remove a | again burrow into the fruit. Many of these holes had been 2 ray of the — received, of only one-half inch The neces- <4 ls any known insect. A month later, J a 9, some Duchesse about an inch and one-fourth in diameter, were received from The Rae ofthe ‘ Higceewea: elevated, and the onthe bes enlarged interior | d pale, yellowish, granulated matter. From twenty to thirty destroyed by SPTNYARE with an arecrite soon after the setting o! the trunks or limbs of the young nursery stock so as to nearly “many cases was near to the ground. These latter, subsequently habit, that is may be compared with observations of others the year 1891.] on cas stems. ry It is quite probable that this iiecphaes attack will prove re widespread and the cause of injury frequently observed but hitherto traced to its source from the early period at which it is The insect seems to belong to the genus Coleophora. The species h not yet been determined. From the half-dozen cases sent me, two the iusects were successfully carried to their perfect stage; an now in the State collection. The larve ceased feeding and faste their cases on end to the bottom of the box containing them on 13th. The first moth spine ts twelve days thereafter, and second on July 7th. ‘One ‘Should the insect appear in injurious numbers fiokeahioe it cou young fruit. | a | Sea THE Paiiitta Gates BEETLE. \ The “pear-blight beetle,” Xyleborus pyri (Peck) peewee in ; abundance in a pear orchard of Mr. Norman Pomroy, of Loe c N. Y., in the spring of 1888, where its operations were so severe the echand consisting of young trees, ‘was nearly ruined by it. attack had assumed a different character from that usually as to it, for instead of the burrows of the insect running upw downward, in this they were mainly horizontal, and carried a them and permit of their being easily broken off by hand. - All of trees attacked were killed, and were either pulled up when they w seen to be dying, or sawn off below the lowest burrows, wh will be aaa] hereafter. plant-bugs, Lygus Pastas aa as hile be vblniedr in the Report of the Ento1 m _ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 349 trees were seen to be dying and I commenced to pull them up (pre- sumably about the middle of May, when inquiry was first made of the insect), the ground beneath was noticed to be covered with sawdust, and examining for the cause I found the trees full of holes. Sitting down and watching the holes I saw the dust dropping out of them. I only saw one of the beetles out of the holes and that was walking around onthe tree. At the bottom of the holes they have made a side-cut and lined it with a white substance for their young to eat. If you take your knife you will find this side-cut and the eggs, if they have not hatched; if they have, then the young will be there. Pro- fessor Lewis of the Union School examined a limb and found the side- cut full of eggs. “JT send a short piece of the body of a tree, that you may see that they like the trunk as well as the limbs. “The tree leafed out, but in a few days the leaves wilted. I car- ried a couple of the trees to the Farmers’ meeting at Cambria Center, which was held a day or two after I found the insects inthem.” (The meeting was on May 25th.) ~ eda I am sorry to have to state that pressing engagements prevented my examination of the infested material sent me, and the opportunity for examining the eggs, if present, and the young and their feeding habits was lost. There must, however, have been some error in the observations as reported to me, for instead of the young beetles occurring in association with the eggs, it should have been the larvee— or grubs, as generally known. Possibly the pupz may have been mistaken for eggs. In the latter part of September — 26th — there were discovered upon the hearth-tiles of my office, where’ the bundle of infested branches had been placed at the time of its reception, a number of beetles that had emerged — ten males and ten females, most of which were alive. Cutting into a few of the burrows, some of them disclosed the peculiar white lining above referred to, but no living presence. A few words in reference to this white substance: It was of a yellowish-white color, solid, exceeding in thickness that of an ordinary sheet of writing paper, rather smooth when apparently undisturbed, but quite rough- ened where it had probably been more or less eaten. In a letter recently received from Miss Ormerod, the accomplished entomologist of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, in mentioning serious ravages on plum trees in England during the past year from Xyleborus dispar — possibly identical with our X. pyri [*]—Schmidberger is [*It has since been ascertained that the two are identical, and the name of pyri will have to give way to the earlier one of dispar.] 45 ra , _ grubs of the beetles. He commenced to find the grubs and the. seemed to her to be a mould, such as other observers have thought 5 ' 405 . FU Cre | Sena Mine, 2 eee i, zal he eee tes i ee Sk Ni has 2 4 a fi > “ as - A 350 Porry- FOURTH REP ORT ON THE Stare Me USEUM whitish substance in the mother galleries. Miss Gemarod bad observed the white linings in the tunnels of the X. dispar, but i to have noticed in the galleries of Coleopterous larve allied to dispar, “i | and on which they apparently fed. The limited: observations that RAG: ak have made, lead me to believe that further examination and study will show it to be a special secretion by the female or the parents, to serve R as food for the young, and that it constitutes the only food of | the | larve, living as they do within chambers excavated for them, and not iso tunnelling separate galleries. At the time above mentioned the burrowed branches were cut i pieces and inclosed in a case to secure such beetles as might hea after emerge. On December 18th, following, I took from the case 3 male beetles and 293 female —all dead; December 24, ten females - - one alive; February 11, 1889, 18 females — all dead and the last emerge. The material is retained for further study of the burrc ) The above recital well illustrates how much there is still to k learned of our common insects, and may also serve as an apology : : the entomologist’s inability at times to offer remedies for ° ravages. This “pear-blight beetle,” destructive also at times — apple, plum, and apricot stock, was described and its operations tt) observed as long ago as the year 1817, and has since been frequently ny written of; but up to the present day it has succeeded in conceal: ; its early stages from us. Still more strangely, the male sex of species had never been recognized or known to science until fou pear trees.[*] Another species, Xyleborus obesus of LeConte, had bd thought by Schwarz and others to be the male of X. pyri, but it 1 porrected ‘(bent downward), at least after death, so as to form qu a curve with the body. Examples of the male have been contribu’ to the cabinet of our principal Coleopterists, and others will be 8 to those who value them. . ‘ Since the above was penned, Mr. Pomroy has written me in rep Ly inquiries made, that the “young” to which he referred were the y {* This requires correction. X. dispar had been known in ‘Europe for many y its early stages and in both sexes. The rarity of the male had often been stated.) BSF, es Sy ee eo REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 301 - about the first of June. [Probably he did not look for them earlier. ] The eggs were quite small, of a whitish color, standing on end side by side to the number of six to eight, in a side chamber. A magnify- ing glass was used in their discovery. As near as he could determine by the aid of the glass at his command, the grubs were feeding and living on the white substance lining the chambers. A New Deprepator on Quince Buossoms. From Mr. A. H. Briggs, of Macedon, examples of a species of snapping-beetle were received on the 20th of May, 1889, which, during the preceding four years, had been so abundant and injurious to the blossoms of his quince trees that he had been obliged to go over the trees daily and knock the beetles into a pan of kerosene and water. “From three small bushes frequently a hundred would be taken, and often five or six would be working into the heart of one bud, and apparently fighting one another in their eagerness to enter it. Their attack usually began before the blossom-bud had opened, or immediately thereafter, and continued until it was destroyed.” Until the present year, when the insect was less numerous than heretofore, he had been able to save but few buds from its attack. The same insect had made its demonstrations on the trees of Rev. Dr. Jacques, while four years previously residing at Macedon Center, and had been fought by him with Paris green mixed with flour. My identification of the beetle as Limonius confusus LeConte, was subsequently confirmed by Dr. Horn; but the injury to the blossoms reported of it was questioned, and further examination asked for. | Upon submitting the doubt to Mr. Briggs, answer was returned that there was no possibility of a mistake, as he had often watched their feeding, and that those sent me had been taken by him from the blossoms while eating the petals. Dr. Horn entertained the opinion that many of the Elaters (snapping beetles), were predaceous in their final winged stage, although vegetarians as larve. While he had recorded Limonius 4-maculatus from the blossoms of 4sculus, he was not aware that they fed on the flowers — possibly on insects within them. [*] THe Pracu-BarkK Borer. Some small bark-boring beetles were received October nineteenth from David Huntington, of Somerset, Niagara county, N. Y., taken b) _ from the bark of a peach tree affected with “the yellows,” accom- panied with the inquiry of name —if they caused the yellows, and [* Prof. F. M. Webster has observed Limonius auripilis Say feeding upon ripe raspber- ries in the month of July. Insect Life, ii. 1889, p. 258.] 352 Forry-rourtH REPORT ON THE Srate Museum ~ the remedy for their attack. Reply was made that they were a species ae of the Scolytid bark-borers, known as Phleotribus liminaris (Harris). In writings upon it, it has been given the common name of “theelm- __ bark beetle;” but it has been recently ascertained that it does nok” eg infest the elm, but that another form closely resembling it, viz., oy Hylesinus opaculus Lec., had been mistaken for it. It is a well-known — 2 B\ pest of peach trees, and was formerly supposed to be the cause of — >a “the yellows;” but its only connection with it is that it is frequently — a3 ve found in trees that have become weakened and sickly through the si disease. All of these Scolytid bark-borers, from their concealment and — sass habits, are difficult to reach and kill, and we know of no satisfactory — bo methods at present of dealing with them. Whenever a tree has become ie 2, badly infested, it should be promptly taken up and burned. I have requested of our State Station at Geneva that experiments be made — a in the application of kerosene to the trunks and limbs of trees, at ie different seasons of the year, to see if it may be done with safety. TEs a it shall be found that kerosene—one of our most efficient insecti- 3 i cides —may be freely applied without harm to the tree, then I trust ae that we shall be able to kill the bark-borers in whatever stage ks me may be occurring within or beneath the bark. Bas, This insect seems to be increasing in the State of New York. -Some_ a notes upon it, descriptive of its galleries, etc., may be found in the ; Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888. | i, a oc ee f \ qi x< f SA ey THe CHERRY-TREE Siva. i y ea | NE The cherry-tree slug, Hriocampa cerast (Peck), has, pe the last a year, and for several preceding years, been very prevalent and we +4 ‘injurious at, and in the vicinity of, West Farms, N. Y. As reported ¥ a _ by Mr. James Angus, the foliage has been so riddled by the feeding — | of the well-known brown, slimy, slug-like larva, that a perfect leaf — ali could with difficulty be found. There is no need of injury suchas ) the above, for the larva can be readily destroyed by spraying with © on aK hellebore in water —an ounce of the powder to two gallons of water ai eh or by dusting the foliage with fresh air-slaked lime. | Tue CuRRANT-STEM GIRDLER. The operations of this insect are recorded in my Fourth Report ah (page 47), as follows: “A short distance below one of the larger loaveaag ae of a tip, five or six sharp, somewhat curved cuts could be seen, encir- Cine : ere the stalk, and from their depth, nearly severing it, causing the i se hi i | Later the tip breaks off and falls to the ground. The attack, while ies ee ie ee, REPORT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST © 309 I have not been able to find the author of this, apparently, new form of injury. Mr. A. H. Briggs, of Macedon, N. Y., has kindly sent me pieces of currant-stems thought to have been girdled by the insect and to contain the larva, but I was unable to find any living form within them. Tur GRAPEVINE F'LEA-BEETLE. An unusual number of inquiries have been received during the spring and summer of the grapevine tee eats Haltica chalybea Iilig. Hither the conditions have = been more favorable for it, or it is becoming a more formidable pest of our grape-growers. Wherever it makes its appearance effort should be made to destroy the beetles during their hibernation, by burning or re- moving their ordinary winter quar- ters, a8 in the rubbish of the vine- yards or the loose bark of the posts. In the early spring, when they first make their attack on the buds to which they are so destructive, they should be knocked off daily into a pan of water and kerosene, or jarred to the ground and crushed, or a poisonous liquid applied to the buds. The ravages of the larve, at a later period, may be controlled by Paris green. [In the accompanying figure, the larve and the beetles are represented in their natural sizes, feeding upon a twig of grapevine. | Mr. George C. Snow, of Penn Yan, N. Y., has sent me an insect which he detected preying upon the larva by sucking its juices. They were Hemipterous, belonging to the plant bugs, of which so many are known to be valuable aids to us in the Fie. 40.—The larve andthe adults of destruction of our insect foes. As the grapevine beetle HaLtica cHALYBEA Pcewld mot recoenize it in its pupal Potts oy atepevine leaves, stage in which it was received (June 26th), it was submitted to Mr. Uhler, and was referred by him to the genus Podisus, and prob- ably of the species modestus (Dallas). . oe, ' . s Re} i tre ar . ; 5 ae 354 A lili URTH -Reporr on THE anaes Mt USEUM ’ A New Raw Pra _A destructive borer of the tips of rose bushes has made its appear- Bon ance at Ausable Forks, N. Y., during the past summer, which has only been observed in its larval stage, and therefore can not ‘be ee named at present. It apparently belongs to the Tenthredinidae, or ‘a saw-flies. Its form of injury is tocommence at the extreme tip and ae burrow downward several inches, consuming the entire interior of 2 the stem. Some of the infested tips were sent to me during the 9 me month of June, and were inserted in damp sand for maturing the larvee which they might contain. On J une twenty-seventh, two. ha 7 formed cocoons of the general shape of those of the currant-wot and measuring four-tenths of an inch in length; but it is quite dou ful if they can be carried through to their perfect stage, as hiberr 8 ting larve of the saw-flies are difficult to rear. | Het, - The lady sending them has written: “About twenty years ago n garden roses were infested by this same borer. I fought them wi _ knife and fire for four or five years, and rid myself of them entirel and had never seen one since until this year. I have not been a to find a fly or a beetle on the bushes uncommon enough to thin] the cause. As yet, tea and green-house roses in open pet exempt.” : Mention is made of the above, and of the other attacks, the sitll of which are unknown, in the hope that whenever they may co under observation the opportunity will be embraced to give t such study as will lead to their identification and a knowledge _ their entire history, that we may know how to deal with them. i Various Attacks oF FrRuir Insxcts. to be put on record. | es is The Apple-leaf Bucculatriz.This, at times, destructive inse t known to science as Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemens (see First Re a partiality for the orchards of western and central New York attacked the trees of W. J. Strickland, of Albion, Orleans co N. Y. Twigs infested with the cocoons were sent to me Oct twenty-fifth. } ~~ The Apple-leaf Miner.— The larve of the abypletleat miner, Tis , malifoliella Clemens, actively engaged in running their curious within the leaves of apple-trees on the grounds of State Bo ReEpPorRT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 355 Peck, at Menands, Albany county, N. Y., were received on September tenth. By holding to the light, the little caterpillar was plainly to be seen actively mining within. The blotches made by them appeared of a brick-red color, on the upper side of the leaves. The Hickory Tussock Caterpillar.— From Pawling, Dutchess county, N. Y., Mr. Ira W. Hoag sent a colony of the young larve of the hickory tussock, Halisidota carye (Harris), taken from a cherry tree. They also occurred on several of his apple and pear trees. From a small pear tree “nearly a pint” (many hundreds at their then small size) was taken. When disturbed they dropped by a thread and hung suspended. Shaken upon a sheet their quickness of motion made them difficult to kill. (They could easily have been destroyed by first saturating the sheet with kerosene.) This insect has not been recorded as a pest of fruit trees, having usually been confined to forest and shade trees, as walnut, butternut, elm, and ash. The Oblique-banded Leaf-roller.—Serious injury was inflicted in a pear-block at Seneca Falls, N. Y., during the month of May, to certain varieties of pears, by a small caterpillar eating into and destroy- ing the buds, and later, by spinning together, and feeding on, the young leaves. It had prevailed for a few years preceding. The larve sent to me were those of one of the Tortricid moths, and appa- rently that of Caccecia rosaceana, but I was not successful in obtaining the moth for positive identification. This species— “the oblique- banded leaf-roller” —is a common pest of our fruit trees, roses, strawberry, and a number of other trees, shrubs and plants. The remedy for it would be spraying with an arsenical liquid at its earliest attack upon the buds, before it conceals itself among the leaves. The Eye-spotted Bud-moth.— Pieces of the new growth of plum trees were sent, June fourteenth, from the nurseries of T. C. Maxwell & Bros., at Geneva, burrowed into by a small caterpillar, which is believed to be that of Z’metocera ocellana (Schiff), although the larva may not properly be described as cylindrical, its head being about one- third the diameter of the body, and the. central segments the broad- est. In two of the tips examined the larva had burrowed just at the commencement of the new growth upward for about a half-inch, and in another, at the extreme tip from the terminal leaves downward for more than an inch. The lower burrows were filled with gum — the upper one with rounded pellets of excrementa. The V-shaped Toririx.— Young pears, into which large holes had been eaten, even extending into the seeds, and in some of the examples embracing nearly one-half of the pear, were received, together with the caterpillar feeding upon them, June thirteenth, from Mr. P. Barry, hickory, oak, maple, elm, and cherry. It has not been recorded work of bringing under control that annoying garden pest, the in duction of which into this country from its native home in Europ _ danger and-harm. the pear, and on June twenty-fifth gave bik the sabi oon pro s} be Caccecia argyrospila (Walker) —the Toririx furvana of some auth and the 7. V-signata of Packard, whence we have the common 1} above given. It is reported as having been bred from rose, a viously from the pear. A New Enemy of the Currant-worm.— A large rE sabia covered by Mr. Samuel G. Love, of Jamestown, N. Y., with its inserted into currant-worms Nematus ventricosus, sucking out juices and killing numbers of them, When received by me, were in their pupal form. They were fed on currant-worms they trapsformed to the perfect stage, permitting of their identifi as Podisus cynicus (Say), after which they were released to large, in the hope that their progeny in coming years would in special fondness for the food of their ancestors, and thus aid. ree is said, is chargeable upon a prominent member of the Western York Horticultural Society. But this was in the infancy exceeding the average length of human life — you have accom) sufficient good to atone, over and over again, for the commissi great an evil—innocently done. Enterprise often leads _ ; COy cy . LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. The following is a list of the principal publications of the Entomologist during the year 1890 — sixty-one are named — giving title, place and time of publication, and a summary of contents. _ A similar list for the years 1878 and 1879 is appended : _ Gypsy Moth in Medford, Mass.* (Country Gentleman, for Janu- ary, 23, 1890, lv, p. 69, c. 2, 3— 26 cm.) As comment on a notice in the New York World on the introduction in Medford of the European gypsy moth, Ocneria dispar, and the alarm occasioned by it— opinion is expressed, that even if it should become widespread, it will not ‘‘cause more havoc than the Colorado potato- beetle,’’ based on reasons given. Prompt and energetic action should, however, be taken to-arrest its spread, and exterminate it in its present limited locality, through measures recommended in a late Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station, by Professor Fernald. [See pp. 302-304 of this Report.] Insect Pests of the State [of New York]. (Albany Evening Journal, for January 23, 1890, xxxiv, p. 3, c. 4—12 cm.) In an extract from an address before the Albany Farmers’ Institute, held the above date, the operations of the grain aphis, the hop aphis, fruit insects, shade tree defoliators, the grapevine flea-beetle, and other insect pests of the past year, are noticed. Mites Infesting Smoked Meats. (Orange Judd Farmer, for Janu- ary 25, 1890, vii, p. 63, c. 1, 2— 20 cm.) Mites infesting smoked hams in a provision house in New York city were identified as Tyroglyphus siro. The meat had probably become infested in a western packing-house whence they came. Dipping in a bath of one part of carbolic acid to one hundred parts of water, recom- mended for destroying the mites. . [See Fifth Report on the Inseets of New York, 1889, pp. [149]-[151]. Useful Insects. (Country Gentleman, for February 27, 1890, lv, p. 170, c. 3—8 cm.) Insect eggs from Waverly Mills, S. C., “occurring in numbers on pear trees,’’ are those of the Carolina Mantis, also known as the praying *The capitalizing of the Country Gentleman is retained herein, in the citation from it of titles of publication. , 46 358 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE Sumas USEUM Mantis. Its eggs should not be destroyed, as the insect is carnivorous — and consumes many injurious insects. A packet from a plum tree, also. t sent, is composed of the cocoons of a species of Microgaster, which. ite another useful insect. . a: A Singular Fly. (New York Times, for April 14, 1890, p. 5, C. 2 a 12cm. Albany Daily Press and Knickerbocker, for April | 15, + 1890. Plattsburgh [N. Y.] Morning Telegram, for April» 28, ae 1890.) ! ee _ Examples of a small fly received from a lady [Mrs. H. D. Graves ie Sacken. They Bienea! ithe’ house in September, 1889, and are ‘ae appearing in one of the rooms by thousands. They were first observe eight years ago, and have annually appeared since then in August This is the third known instance of the fly infesting dwelling-houses, om the other two being at Franklin, N. H., and Alfred Center, N. ¥. a a countries. [See extended notice in pp. 234-241 of this Report.] Fighting the Insect Pests. (Albany Evening J enriay for a 16, ae 44 cm.) 7 a Nee ara and BEE E, of insect parasites; an example f pra cal work ; cine of insect diseases, etc. " Garden. | ak before the Western New cae Horticulty Society, at its Annual Meeting, January 22, 1890.] (Proceedi fifth Annual Meeting, January 22, 23, 1890, pp. 16-35.) Also, separates, pp. 20 [April 22, 1890]. : Treats of: Spraying with arsenites, and with water only: Insecti and Fungicides combined: Carbolized plaster preventive: Study o a new depredator on quince blossoms: the peach- bark borer: the ch tree slug: the currant-stem girdler: the grapevine fee pee ; various attacks of other fruit insects. MM [See pages 342-356 of- the present Report.] ate for the Cureulio. oe Gentleman, | for April REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 359 year was often followed by badly affected foliage, owing in many cases to plant diseases and not to the arsenite. Paris green growing in popular favor. Importance of continual agitation of the Paris green mixture. Strength in which it may be used upon different trees. [See pages 290-292 of this Report. | Apple-Tree Insects. (Country Gentleman, for April 24, 1890, lv, p. 329, c. 2—12 cm.) Cocoons of the apple-leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemens, containing the pups, are identified from [Canastota] Madison eounty, N. Y.; also the eggs of the apple-tree tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa Americana, from which the caterpillars are hatching. The remedies for these two orchard pests are given. Poisoning Insects. (Country Gentleman, for May 1, 1890, lv, p- 347 — 10 em.) Directions are given for mixing Paris green and London purple in water for spraying purposes, and strength in which they may be safely used. Importance of thorough mixture by constant agitation, as shown in experiment made with its rapidity of settling when at rest. [See pages 292, 293 of this report.] The Fly Chloropisca Prolifica. (Country Gentleman, for May 1, 1890, lv, p. 349, c. 2, 3—42 cm.) Observations on the habits of the fly at Ausable Forks, N. Y., made by a correspondent [Mrs. H. D. Graves]. Effort being made to rear it on grass sod. Notices of its occurrence at Franklin, N. H., and at Alfred Center, N. Y. Its European gatherings and particularly in the Obser- vatory at Warsaw, Russia. The chief points of interest in the insect. A brief description, that it may be recognized, if seen elsewhere. The Voracity of the Silkworm. (Albany Times, for May 8, 1890, Po2,.c.3— 9 cm.) In reply to inquiry made by the Times editor of the truth of a para- graph which is going the rounds of the press, to the effect that the _ silkworm when first hatched only weighs one-fourth of an ounce, yet during its life of thirty-five days consumes between 3,000 and 4,000 pounds of leaves!—a gross misstatement is shown, in that the silkworm just from the egg weighs but the one-hundredth part of a grain, and its entire food is less than a half-ounce of leaves. Spraying for Fruit Tree Insects. (Country Gentleman, for May 22, 1890, lv, p. 407, c. 4 — 22 cm.) Inquiry is made for an insecticide that may be used in a vegetable garden against the various fruit tree insects, where it is thought that the arsenites might not be safe. In reply: The arsenites may be used without danger if not in overstrength (1 to 250), and only in a sufficient 360 FORTY-FOURTH REPORT ON THE Secret Mi USEUM chy RB . quantity; they alone, are efficient against the éodling-moth worm; for many other insects, kerosene emulsion and pyrethrum water will E * answer. Remarks on use of cold water for spraying. Eggs in Plum Twig. (Country Gentleman, for May 22, 1890, Ivy p-. 407, c. 4—6 cm.) - A deposit of eggs, received from Dey’s Landing, N. Y., iacaredd in a ee on row about a half-inch long, and disclosed to view by the splitting of the re x bark, are doubtless those of some ‘‘tree-hopper,” allied to Ceresa — A bubalus, but are not recognized. No description of them is found. — ee Have been tied to a plum tree in the hope that they may be ie we [They failed to develop. ] if The Australian Lady Bug. (New York Times, for May 23, 1890.) Examples of Vedalia cardinalis, the Icerya scale parasite, added to thes 2 State collection. Its extermination of the Icerya scale. Proposition to o experiment with it for Gesoane the maple tree scale, so ie ine New York. sy (The Eye-spotted Bud-moth.] (Albany Evening J nie * May 28, (ae p- ooh C. aes on | ta ety Z At : fe orchards of New York, and its injuries are apparently on the increase. _ The proper remedy is spraying with Paris green or London purple at the first appearance of the blossoms or earlier. _ Wire-worms on Cabbage. (Country Gentleman, for June 5, —_ ey Ce reat e a cm.) 3 a are probably of fe genus Melanotus. For information of, ae reme. dies for, these insects, reference is made to the Country Gentleman, for November 29, 1888, p. 893, where other references are given: oa “Tnsect Strawberry Pests. (New England Farmer, for J une 4, 1890, pone: | tiem), by A beetle devouring the foliage of strawberry plants in localities ir Massachusetts is identified as Paria aterrima Oliv. Its history, from : first public notice in 1873, is given —reference to its literature and br: - description. Associated with the above was a snout beetle, identified a: Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linn.), which may probably be added to the ie i Hy forty-two species of strawberry insects bey recorded. Grain Aphis. (Country Gentleman, for June 12, 1890, ly, p. 47 3 Ry! ee. oan op e Pa a et Rs | isheots it, as would also heavy rains, ne J f REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 361 Coleophora sp.— A New Pear Insect. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p. 198, c. 1, 2—7 cm.) Young pears in the Mt. Hope Nurseries at Rochester, N. Y., are attacked by a small case-bearing caterpillar which eats numerousround holes.of the diameter of the case into the fruit and badly injures it in its Subsequent growth. Early arsenical spraying would doubtless prevent the injury. [See page 347 of this Report.] The Pear-blight beetle. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p- 198, c. 2—6 cm.) Notices the attack of Xyleborus pyriin a pear orchard at Lockport, N. Y., in the spring of 1888, and the injury inflicted. [See page 348 of this Report.] Quince Blossoms Beetle. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p- 198, c. 2—4 cm.) A snapping-beetle [Limonius confusus] proved quite destructive to quince blossoms in the spring of 1889, at Macedon, N. Y., and had been injurious for the preceding four years. [See page 351 of this Report. ] The Peach Bark Borer. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p. 198, c. 2—3 cm.) No preventive of the attack of this Scolytid borer (Phlewotribus liminaris) is known. Infested trees should be taken up and burned. It is apparently increasing in number in the State of New York. [See page 351 of this Report. ] The Grapevine Flea-Beetle. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p. 198, c. 2—5 cm.) The best methods of dealing with this insect [Haltica chalybea] are given. A hemipterous insect [Podisus sp.] has been detected preying upon it at Penn Yan, N. Y. [See page 353 of this Report.] A New Enemy of the Currant Worm. (Popular Gardening, for June, 1890, v, p. 198, « 2—4 cm.) Qne of the large plant-bugs, Podisus cynicus, has been taken at Jamestown, N. Y., feeding upon and destroying many currant worms. [See 356. page of this Report.] Seventeen-year Locusts make their appearance. (Albany Morning Express, for June 13, 1890, p. 2, c. 5 —14 cm.) Capture of examples of Cicada septendecim reported at Tivoli, N. Y. The only brood to which they can be referred is that due on the Hudson river in 1894. But this insect is not known ever to have anticipated its Op ass Leaf-Hopper and Rose-Slug. aniey Gentleman, | oi sge 1890, lv, 4 538, c. ee is aaa og ie i, ‘ if) ie ae r al Pies ” < ty , Se asl: ‘ + a hs : i ‘ s ike bai es) sh She ne a Fd oct, fot , ire Melita th jp ; AS 4) «4 reg igs » « Vigs b “4. Fis) y | ne awn reeele Tae 262 Forry-rourTH REPporT on THE Strate M USEUM regular time of appearance by more than one year. They could not have — Ey been belated individuals of the 1889 brood (one of the six occurring in- iy New York), for that is not found on the Hudson river. P He In connection with the above, is given a report of their appearance “ ay Galway [Saratoga Co.], N. Y. 4 | A Grain Weevil Distributed. (Country Gentleman, for J ane i ‘ 19, 1890, lv, p. 489, ec. 1 —16 cm.) | A sample of seed corn, badly infested with Calandra OryZze Linn. i 4 received from Coxsackie, N. Y. The infested corn had been purchased of a New York firm. Its sale, by a respectable firm, was highly cul- PY) pable, as its condition could and should have been known. It shoul have been consigned to the mill for feeding purposes, instead of dis tributing the pest to localities free from it. ep Sheep Scab. (Country pe aiet for June 19, 1890, ly, p. 4 ce. 2—12 oe " f tee scabby sheep nea run the year before. "The x remarkable wie L of the sheep-scab Psoroptes equi, is shown in an account of its living 1 two years between plates of glass. Horses are also liable to the inf tion from an infested pasture. How to disinfect barns from the : insect. Fi xxiv, p. 216, ¢. 6—5 cm.) | The grain aphis is quite prevalent in rye fields in New York and : insect [subsequently ascertained to be associated in every speci examined, with bacterial presence (Jour. Mycol., vi, 1890, p. 72)]. parasitic cetaela How the parasite attacks it. [Insects Killed by Electric Lights.] (Albany eae) Jo te) for June 26, 1890, p. 5—9 cm.) (100,000), and what the insects were. rose bushes and piscune the ead is replied to, in laentingte » Pettigonia rose’”’ of Dr. Harris (belonging to Anomia and age ide rose Harris. The features of these insects and their operation described and remedies giyen. oe ey eae $ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 363 ‘Sweet Potato Beetles. (Country Gentleman, for July 3, 1890, ly, p. 538, c. 1, 2—10 cm.) The beetles sent from Red Bank, N. J., as destructive to sweet potato vines, are Cassida nigripes and Coptocycla aurichalcea. They feed also on the morning-glory; their peculiar larval appearance with their excremental covering noticed. They are seldom so abundant as to necessitate the use of insecticides. A New Bug. [A Destructive Apple-tree Insect.] (New England Homestead, for July 5, 1890, xxiv, p. 232, c. 4—13 em.) A caterpillar boring into the pith of the new wood of apple trees at Watertown, N. Y., and committing serious injury, is identified as the eye-spotted bud-moth, Tmetocera ocellana. It is briefly described, food- plants given; its feeding habits and injuries; its increase in Hastern United States; many reports of it the present year; when the moths appear, and asecond brood. Spray with arsenites to kill it, and when. The [Corn] Cut Worm. (Country Gentleman, for July 24, 1890, lv, p. 590, c. 1, 2—12 cm.) A grub reported from Arcola, Ill., and boring into early corn and eating the kernels —each ear containing one or more —is the boll-worm or corn-worm of the Southern States, Heliothis armiger. Attracting the moths to plates of vinegar and molasses when they are abundant. See Country Gentleman, xlvi. 1881, p. 759, or 1st Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1882, pp. 116-126. Locust-Tree Borer. (Country Gentleman, for August 14, 1890, lv, p- 644, c. 1—6 cm.) Preventives of Cyllene robinic attack, are washing the trunk of the locust with soap solution and carbolic acid mixed, and cutting out the young larve. Remedy, cutting down and burning badly infested trees. Syrphus Fly. (Country Gentleman, for August 14, 1890, . lv, p. 644, c. 3—4 cm.) The rat-tailed larva of a Syrphid fly, found in a cow-stable at Scho- harie, N. Y., may be a species of Hristalis. [From other examples subsequently sent and reared, it proved to be Eristalix tenax (Linn.)] Elm-Tree Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for August 14, 1890, lv, p. 644, c. 83, 4—10 cm.) ) In answer to request from Nyack, N. Y., for a remedy for this beetle, directions are given for spraying the foliage, and recommendation made of killing the larve when they descend the tree trunks for pupation. for August 16, 1890, p. 6—6 iy Brief notice of collections made in the Adirondacks by the State Entoo . mologist, during July and August, and of a reported disease of pit ne- trees near Keene Valley. ; i Insect Parasites. (Country Ga iemad for August 21, 1890, hs te p- 662, ec. 1—5 em.) The green grapevine Sphinx peectved from Gancra N. Y., has bee a parasitized by Apanteles congregatus (Say), the cocoons and matured do . insects of which were in the box when received. For particulars of this — common attack, see Fifth Report Ins. N. Y., 1889, p. [35] 177. * kerosene or pene leave carpets unnailed and zat frequents sei beneath the border for the larvee. me [Severe Bite of a Horse- fly. ] (Albany Evening Tourna ‘ om 5 August 28, 1890, p. 8, c. 3—4 cm.) i ‘A horse before a wagon, standing by the sidewalk in Central aa pranced and threw himself to the ground, from the pain of a bite horse-fly [Tabanus atrata] fastened to him. The fly, which was secu was unusually large, measuring two and one-fourth inches in exp of wings. A Curious Jumping Gall. (Popular Science News, for Aug 1890, XXIV, p. 119, c. 1-38 — 47 cm.) | ‘ _ from Dr. Riley thereon. Other amine ed are mentioned. [See pages 308-310 of this eeanees ] ferable, and it will be given in the Sea ate = Century Dicti “The little gray gnat’’ would be a good designation for it. It be to the genus Ceratopogon, but is without a specific name. There be different species of it, as there are of the Adirondack black-fly uae REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 365 [Mites Infesting a Water-trough.] (Albany Evening Journal, for September 5, 1890, p. 5, c. 2 —16 cm.) Mites occurring at Schodack Center, N. Y., in large numbers in a barn- yard water-trough, are a species of Bryobia, and probably B. pratensis. [See pages 322, 323 of this Report.] _Spittle Insects. (Country Gentleman, for September 25, 1890, ly, p. 759, c. 4 — 22 cm.) In answer to inquiries from Northampton, Mass., “spittle insects’’ and the spittle-like mass in which the larva lives are characterized. The manner in which the spittle is produced is given in a translation from DeGeer’s Mémoires des Insectes. A Mite Parasitic on the House Fly. (Albany Evening Journal, for October 1, 1890, p. 6, ce, 2.) Some flies from Gouverneur, N.Y., sent for examination, were infested with a red mite which is identified with Trombidiwm muscarum (Riley), Many of the flies in that place were similarly attacked. Another mite infesting flies, noticed. The Pear-leaf Blister. (Country Gentleman, for October 2, 1890, ly, p. 781, c. 3, 4— 35 cm.) Pear leaves from Charlotte, N. Y., show a severe attack of this blister, which is described as caused by the gall mite, Phytoptus pyri. Remarks on the galls produced by the Phytoptide, and features of the mites. Remedies are to be found in sulphur applications, burning all the infested leaves, and heavily pruning the trees in winter. Weevils in Rye. (Country Gentleman, for October 2, 1890, lv, p. 782, c. 2—6 em.) : The weevil reported as infesting last year’s rye in Denville, N. J., is probably Calandra granaria. It may be killed by placing an open vessel of bisulphide of carbon upon the grain in a tightly covered bin. Quantity of the liquid to be used. Report of the State Entomologist to the Regents of the University of the State of New York, for the Year 1889. (Forty-third Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History for the Year 1889, pp. 99-206, figs. 1-25.) Separate: Sixth Report on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New York [October 2], 1890, pp. 110, figs. 25. | The contents ars: INTRODUCTORY. Notices oF Various INSECTS: Kumenes fraternus Say—The Fraternal Potter-Wasp. Hypoderma bovis (DeGeer)—The Ox Warble-Fly. Drosophila sp.— A Flour-paste 47 ree ee ee Pe i a ake nae kee 5 Nha . a ie 4 fi ee oF f 2 e Litt, ¥ ps . ae 5 a 3) H , a * Sad 4 ee * A Sh ee q 2 "S ie, “te Perey eek Ry) r 5 a ee f | . Gs Kop” sab ee aN 7 Pe 366 Forry-rourTo REPORT oN THE SraTE M USEUM ey : a Fly. Adalia hips (Linn.) — The Troapueid Lady-Bird. a Dermestes lardarius Linn.—The Bacon Beetle. Agrilus rufleollis ¥ (Fabr.)—The Raspberry Gouty-gall Beetle. Coptocycla aurichaleea * (Fabr.) — The Golden Tortoise Beetle. Coptocycla clavata (Fabr.) — The ne Ae Clubbed Tortoise Beetle. Bruchus scutellaris Fabr.—A Pea Weevil. 7H Hymenorus obscurus (Say) —A Bark Beetle. \ Meloé angusticollis Say — lies The Oil Beetle. Epicauta vittata (Fabr.)— The Striped Blister Beetle. ca Epicauta cinerea (Forst.)—The Margined Blister Beetle. Epicauta rie jie Pennsylvanica (DeGeer)—The Black Blister Beetle. Pomphopea Say: | LeConte—Say’s Blister Beetle. Podisus spinosus (Dallas) —The Spined is Soldier Beetle. Prionidus cristatus (Linn.)— The Nine-pronged Whe tia bug. Pulvinaria innumerabilis (Rath.)— The Maple-tree Scale-inse: Aphis brassicee Linn.—The Cabbage Aphis. Gryllotalpa horealis Bur The Mole Cricket. Melanoplus femur-rubrum (DeGeer) — The Red legged Grasshopper. Some Apple Tree Insects. Notices oF ARACHNI Ds Ixodes bovis Riley—The Cattle Tick. Bryobia ?pratensis Garme Infesting a Dwelling-house. APPENDIx: (A.) Lists oF PUBLICATIONS THE ENTOMOLOGIST. (B.) CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT. INDEX, — : Snails — — Slugs. (Country Gentleman, for October 16, , 1890 : i ly, p. 819, c. 2— 8 cm.) | . A non-poisonous remedy is needed for injury be snails to a rine bed. Slugs (naked snails), that are so destructive to gardens in Engl are there killed by sprinkling them with lime water. Nitrate of so also used. - These would probably not prions mushrooms phe Salt will kill slugs in the ground. , dry Aig Hees: ‘a gy) Ee oy! Diseased Austrian Pines. (Country Gentleman, for Oconee’ 16, 2 1890, lv, p. 820, c. 2, 3—42 em.) Twigs of Austrian sa California pines are sent from Matioawam Moriches, N. Y., for explanation of their unhealthy condition. - Seal Chionaspis pinifolie (Fitch), a few black thrips, and some mites present, but could not have caused the injury. It is probably owin some unknown atmospherie or soil condition. Fertilizing to stim growth is recommended. A new disease, apparently, of the white 1 known locally as ‘“‘ring-rot,’”’ is referred to. Abundance of the pi Chionaspis in Washington Park, Albany. [In the Highth Report on the Insects of New York, in MS.) A Manual of Injurious Insects. (Country Gentleman, for Octot 16, 1890, lv, p. 822-3, c. 4-1 — 32 cm.) and ee of the author in Economie Entomology : ‘the new tures in this edition : a volume which should be regarded as indispens to all English agriculturists. Compared with Curtis’ Farm Insects. ' REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 367 A Guest to be Welcomed in our Homes. (Amsterdam [N. Y.] Daily Democrat, for November 1, 1890, p. 2, ¢. 5.) -A worm-like creature reported, from Amsterdam, N. Y., as having eaten numerous holes in a felt lambrequin, is the larva of Scenopinus fenestralis (Linn.), which does not injure woolens or other fabrics, but feeds only, so far as known, on the larve and pupe of the clothes-moth. Its adaptation to the purpose is pointed out, and its value as a clothes- moth destroyer stated. Bean Weevil. (Country Gentleman, for November 13, 1890, lv, p- 898, c. 3, 4—12 cm.) The cause and cure for weevil in beans is asked for, from Morgan county, Tenn. The life-history of Bruchus obsoletus is given, together with the fact that it is capable of breeding in old and dried beans. The remedy for it is exposing the infested beans to the vapor of bisul- phide of carbon. The Larch Saw-Fly. (Country Gentleman, for November 13, 1890, ly, p. 905, c. 4 —16 cm.) The ravages of Nematus Hrichsonii Hartig, on Prince Edwards’ Island, Canada, is given by a correspondent, who asks for means of arrest, if any. There is no remedy for it when large areas of the larch are attacked. The trees should be felled at once and promptly converted to use. Isolated trees may be protected by arsenical spraying. [In Highth Report on the Insects of New York, in MS.] Bot-Fly of the Hare. (Country Gentleman, for November 13, - 1890, lv, p. 905-6, cols. 4, 1 —16 cm.) A large brown grub found crawling on a bare patch of the skin of a hare shot in Gordonsville, Va., is probably from its mode of occurrence and an outline figure given, that of Cuterabra cuniculi (Fabr.) Habits of the Histride ; reference to Cuterabra emasculator Fitch, and descrip- tion of the imago of C. cuniculi as given by Macquart. Insects Infesting Maple Trees. (New England Homestead, for November 15, 1890, xxiv, c. 4—4 cm.) Insects living on the outer bark of maples, are too imperfectly described to permit of identification. They may be some species of plant-louse, and if so, spraying with kerosene emulsion or pyrethrum water would kill them. [From additional information received, the insects were probably Psyllide.] The Striped Cucumber Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for Novem- ber 20, 1890, lv, p. 925-6, c. 4-1— 30 cm.) | Inquiry from Hess Cross Road Station, N. Y., for the best remedy for this garden pest, Diabrotica vitiata (Fabr.), is replied to, by citing 368 Forry-rourTH Reponr ON THE Srare Moseom igi: Prof. Weed’s Lneeerine with various substances as remedies: | ventives, of which, excluding the insect from the plants, i in mal stated, alone proved effective. But these peasy. do not chow ing with ground bone has been reported successful, as ee b ns planted with the cucumbers or melons, as described. “a a The ee a ae Isabelle (Count | The moth is also described. [See pages 295-298 of this Report. ] Apple-Leaf Bucculatrix. Woes) Gentleman, for Decembe 1890, lv, p. 962, c. 3— 8 cm.) Small white cocoons on apple- -twigs from Ransomville, N. Y., are t of Bucculatrix pomifoliella, Reference to former notices of it in C. G., and in 1st Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1883. It is rapidly increasing in, York, and should be promptly met by arsenical spraying. we A Mite Infesting Dwellings. (Ohio Farmer, for April 13 p. 274 — 42 cm.)* — To inquiries from Napoleee! O., and Bloomingdale, Mich., of a mii infesting dwellings, reply is eae that it is probably a specie , Bryobia; its occurrence elsewhere noticed ; poe o the mites they enter dwelling-houses; remedies. : [Published, vee additions in Simth Report on the Insects ae New 1890, pp. 62-65; pp. 158-161 of 43d St. Mus. Rept.] PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST DURING Ae YEARS 1878 AND 1879 . The Hessian Fly. (Country Gentleman, for Jé cau 4, 87§ xiii p. 55, cols. 3, 4— 24 em) iN An Aquatic Worm. (Country Ganda for Ji anuary 34, 8 xiii, p. 72, c. 3— 9 em.) = “Animalcule ” sent from a well in Winsted, Conn., which ing killed by lime or salt introduced, can not be identified. The; general resemblance to a leech in their motions when gliding | bottom of the ae when swimming aren the anterior Pe connecting part of the body. * Omitted from its proper place, in Report for 1889. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 369 Grain Aphis. (Country Gentleman, for April 11, 1878, xliii, p. 232, c. 2—5 cm.) The common grain aphis, Aphis [Siphonophora] avene, is identified from Bellbuckle, Tenn. It has not been an injurious species for late years. Insect for Name. (Country Gentleman, for April 18, 1878, xliui, p. 248, c. 2—T7 cm.) A piece of grapevine from Keswick Station, Va., containing supposed “ grape-lice,’’ has on it the flat, oval eggs, in two rows, of Phylloptera [Amblycomorpha] oblongifolia. Plants on which found. Insects for Name. (Country Gentleman, for April 25, 1878, xliii, p. 264, c. 2—7 cm.) Beetles plowed up in hundreds from about three inches below the surface, on a farm in the suburbs of Albany, are the common June-bug, Lachnosterna fusca Frohl., and Phyllophaga pilosicollis Knoch [is Lachnosterna tristis (Fabr.)]. The Raspberry Cane-Borer. (Country Gentleman, for May 23, 1878, xliti, p. 328, c. 1—8 cm.) The girdling of raspberry canes at Great Bend, Pa., is referred to _ Oberea tripunctata (Fabr.) [bimaculata Oliv.], the operations of which are detailed. Two Beetles. (Country Gentleman, for May 30, 1878, xliii, p. 344, ce. 2—9 cm.) . Chrysomela trimaculata (Fabr.)-[Doryphora clivicollis Kirby], is char- acterized ; it feeds on milk-weed, and is not regarded as injurious. Copto- cycla guitata (Oliv.) is briefly described, its beauty referred to, as also its occasional injuries to potato leaves. Insects for Name. (Country Gentleman, for June 13, 1878, xliii, p-. 376, c. 2— 12 cm.) Bibio albipennis, a harmless insect; Dermestes lardarius, its injuries to various animal substances ; Aphis [Siphonophora] avene, hundreds occur- _ ring on heads of wheat at Edgewood, Md.; an aphis on grapevines, undetermined. : The Peach-twig Moth. (Country Gentleman, for June sh 1878, xlili, p. 407, cols. 1-3, 44 cm.) Insects received from Annapolis, Md., as destructive to the terminal branches of peach trees, are identified as Anarsia lineatella Zeller. Its synonymy is given, also Mr. Glover’s account of the larva and its opera- tions; Professor Comstock’s observations upon it; Mr. Saunders’ state- ment of its attack upon strawberry roots, and a parasite destroying it. [Extended in First Report on the Insects of New York, pp. 151-156,] : 370 Chee rk Y-FOURTH Rrpor?- on THE eae Museum A Grapevine Coccus. (Counter Gentleman, for Jaly 4, 1818, alien p. 423, c. 3, 4—19 em.) Bie A piece of grapevine from Cleveland, O., is covered with the Bee a Coccus, of which no description is found. The scale, in two fo: and sizes, is described, together with the eggs beneath them. Under °. scale were 1,054 eggs. Remedies for this and other Coccide@ are give Insects in Illinois. (Country Gentleman, for July 4, 1878, lit p. 495, ¢, 2, 8— 16 em.) Insects sent from Champaign Oo., IIl., as Coccus heaven eae Guide, o 530. The twigs received are Jarariiines erith the active, ee hatched lice; the scales are described, with their projecting cot masses. It willprobably not continue to be asabundant in future yee See notice of the same insect in issue of J uly 25 ee to be Pulvin innumerabilis Rathvon]. — oie _Apple-Bark and Pear-Blight Beetles. (Country Gentleman, reny 18, 1878, xlii, p. 455, c. 1, 2— 36 cm.) : - Xyleborus pyri (Peck) [dispar Fabr.] and Crypturgus (Monarthu ; mali (Fitch) are found associated with pear-blight by a gentleman in er Bradford county, Pa., supposed by him to be the cause of the bligh os : ee They are described with notice of their injuries, preventive measu and their distribution. ue The Cockscomb Elm-Gall. (Country Gentiosien for July hi 1878, xliii, p. 455, c. 2—16 em.) — “yi aaa x This gall, of which inquiry is made from Staunton, Va., occurs on is Ulmus Americana, and the insect producing it is the Bryoscripta 1 cola of Fitch, subsequently removed to the genus Thelaxes by Wal and to Glyphina and Colopha by later writers. No remedy is Ri 07 X against the attack of this insect. oon [See Rept. St. Entomol. to Regents Univ. S. N. Y. ios 1886 | _ Report’’), pp. 126-128.] ihn Apple Tree Insect. (Country Gentleman, for aly ' 26, | xliii, p. 471, ec. 1—11 cm.) 5 barve, in crevices of a section of a limb— not in a ee Dr. Nines Be dbase of i pe sen Ege ih ee upon - a - Albany, itsnaming, and remedies suggested for it — fora long tin Report or THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 371 looked —is republished. Some remarks on the synonymy of the species are appended. [It proves to be Pulvinaria innumerabilis.] [Preface and notes to the Genera of the Hesperide of the Euro- pean faunal-Region, by Dr. Speyer.] (Canadian Entomologist, for July, August and September, 1878, x, pp. 121, 123, 124, 126, 146, 151, 163, 169.) Introduction to above paper, p. 121, and notes, as follows: Systasia substituted for Lintneria, 122; the frenulum, 123; the tibial epyphisis, 124; on Thymelicus, 151; Catodaulis for Daimia, 163; tibial tufts on Nisoniades, 169. Phylloxera. (Country Gentleman, for August 1, 1878, xliii, p. 488, ce. 2—7 cm.) Leaves from Milburn, N. J., are covered with the galls of Phylloxera vastatrix. The two forms in which it occurs on the leaves and roots. Burrowing Beetle—Cebrio Bicolor. (Country Gentleman, for August 8, 1878, xliii, p. 507, c. 3, 4—19 em.) A beetle injurious to grass plats in Nashville, Tenn., by burrowing beneath the surface and throwing up little mounds of earth when it rains, is identified as Cebrio bicolor. The distribution of the family, habits of the species in burrowing and coupling, and remedies for their attack, are given. [See Report to the Regents for 1886—‘‘3d Report of the State Ento- mologist,”’ p. 100.] An Ugly Bee-Slayer. (Country Gentleman, for August 29, 1878, xiii. p. 551, c. 1, 2— 31 cm.) Method employed by Phymaia erosa in capturing butterflies, bees, etc. ; appearance and habits of the insect; feeding upon plant-lice; notices of it by writers. [See Report to the Regents for 1886 —‘‘ Third Report of the State Ento- mologist,’’ pp. 107-110.] A Squash-Vine Borer. (Country Gentleman, for August 29, 1878, xliii, p. 551, c. 1, 2— 31 cm.) Squash vines in Baltimore, Md., destroyed by the larve of Melittia cucurbite (Harris); life-history of the insect; description of the moth; pupation; means of protection from attack. Phylloxera. (Country Gentleman, for August 29, 1878, xliii, p. 551, c. 3— 4 cm.) Galls on grape leaves, from Louisville, Ky., are identified as those of Phylloxera vastatrix. The galls on swamp maple, said to be similar to these, are distinct from the Phylloxera [and probably produced by a species of mite]. at a led 4 ey Ae . nl ie : a ss c ap! 4 ‘ } Li ; A we ay be - q < t nA gf > % s) é: ys fares * 4 vu iy Br ys 1 Eanes 0. "Se eee ; i kee : ved *% SS. oe Cpe SO i at rs7 ” : ut os ee ake ® ra 0 372. Forvry-rourRTH REPORT ON rxe Svarm Museu The New Carpet Beetle — Anthrenus scrophularia. (Hntomas Bh logical Contributions, No. IV, June 1878, pp. 15-23, figure. ys. American Naturalist, for August, 1878, xii, pp. 586-544. Thir- | ig tieth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Bi ie ral History, 1878, pp. 117-254.) ys ’ Newspaper report of an unknown carpet pest; examples taken 2 it Wels Schenectady; its scientific identification; earlier history; its importa- Bit tion; illustration of stages; larva described; transformations; beetle — described ; habits, habitat, and injury; its prospective harm ; its opera- tion in a house at Cold Spring, N. Y.; preventives and rémegiahe dis- tribution ; necessity of combatting it; other imported insect pests; ; ne injurious to carpets in Europe. _ Annual Address of the President [of the Entomological Club of _ the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a at St. Louis, Mo., August 20, 1878]. (Canadian Entomologist, for A September, 1878, x, pp. 171-176.) “ae Review of progress during last half century; extended catalopiia of insects; present knowledge of life-histories; number of work entomologists; entomological collections; serial literature; writil of specialists; government aid in investigation and publicatic 1 8 biological study commended. 5, _ The Turnip Flea Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for September L 2 1878, xliu, p. 583, oh 2—12 em.) striolata Ill. [is Phyllotreta vittata (Fabr.)] The larva is described. _ Bee The Carpet Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for September 12, 118 nm xliii, p. 583, ec. 2, 3 —18 em.) aa to distribution, its food, appearance and habits of the larva, the beet found in flowers, its description, and remedies for the insect. The Harlequin Cabbage-bug. (Country Gentleman, for Soptombe 26, 1878, xliii, p. 616, c. 1— 9 em.) An insect destroying cabbages at Fort Union, Va., is Murgantia is trionica (Hahn). Its injuries in several of the States are role together with preventions of its attack. [See First Report on the Insects of New York, 1883, pp. 264-271. 1 The Cabbage Aphis. (Country Gentleman, for November : 1878, xliii, p. 727, c. 1, 2— 14 em.) 7 An Aphis attacking turnips in Laceyville, O., is the Aphis sraae Linnzus, occurring in both Europe and PSS Remedies are giv as the use of lime, soap-suds, and tobacco water. The aphis on the apple-twig is Aphis mali, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 373 Economic Entomology during the year 1877. (Thirty-seventh Annual Report of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 1878, pp. 37-39.) (Transactions of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, xxxiil, 1877-1882 : 1884, pp. 17-20.) Importance of economic investigations as shown by the operations of the U. S. Entomological Commission ; annual losses from insect injuries ; necessity of their prevention; additions to the literature of economic entomology; notice of the operations of Nephopteryx [Pinipestis] Zimmermani, in pine, and of Cossus Centerensis in poplars near Albany. Contribution to the Economical Entomology of the Year 1876. (Transactions of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, xxxii, 1872-1876: 1878, pp. 236-243.) [A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the State Agricultural Society, January 17, 1877.| (Country Gentleman of May 31 and June 7, 1877.) Notices the army-worm, Leucania unipuncia; the abundance of the Colorado potato-beetle, and measures for preventing its introduction into Europe; the grape-seed fly; the new carpet-beetle, Anthrenus scrophu- larie ; and the operations of an unknown potato insect tunneling potatoes. Report on the Insects and other Animal Forms of Caledonia Creek, N. Y. (Tenth Annual Report of the New York Fishery Com- mission, for the year 1877: 1878, pp. 12-36, plates 1 and 2. Also, separate, with title-page and cover, pp. 1-25, plates 1 and 2, August, 1878.) Examination of the waters made in view of its supposed unusual abundance of animal life, in reference to the desirability of transporting its peculiar vegetation and associated insect and crustacean fauna, to other streams, as food for trout; the animal forms found in the mosses and other vegetation. The Fishes. Reptiles. Crustaceans — the abund- ant Gammarus fasciatus Say. Insects: Coleoptera; Diptera; Hemip- tera; Neuroptera— Perlide, Ephemeride, Odonata, Phryganeide (three subfamilies noticed). Vermes. Mollusca. The following considerations are presented: Crustaceans as food for Fishes, p.14. Insects as food for Fishes, p.17. Mollusca as food for Fishes, p.18. Plants as food for Fishes, p.18. The desirability of transplanting fish-food, p.19. The practicability of transplanting fish-food, p. 21. The propagation of fish- food, p. 22. Description of a New Species of Anisota. (Canadian Entomolo- gist, for January, 1879, xi, pp. 10-12.) Anisota bisecta is described from an example taken by Dr. P. R. Hoy, in Racine, Wisconsin. 48 i Z ’ Ly! Shek WY : hes! cn Wet we Poet SONY e Ste rh Fy ae ie. v rz >) rgd * eee Ne AN lh EW a! as 8 pias Pe, eyes . tte ae ’ (shh SSeS Le ee : is = 5 aid wale? out y “ <3 * di 1 eee . a 374 Poe aor URTH Rept ORT on THE Srare Me vseuM The Clover-seed Fly—A New Insect Pest. (American Ratan for March, 1879, xiii, p. 190.) — | NE { Notice of a paper read before the N. y. State Agricultural Soci of the red atone. under the name of Cecidomyia trifolii., It occur western New York, and has caused in former years the failure of seed crop which had been ascribed to imperfect fertilization. | oe The Peach-Tree Borer. (Country Gentleman, for March OT, xliv, p. 199, c. 2, 3—26 cm.) ‘ Application of hot water for killing the borer, and mounding aro the base of the tree for preventing egg deposit, is recommended, plum curculio is sometimes found in the peach. The fungus oc on the peach twigs submitted, is Sterewm complicatum. The Clover-seed Fly —A New Insect Pest. (Canadian nfa m: gist, for March, 1879, xi, pp. 44, 45. Annual Report _ Entomological Society of Ontario, for 1879, pp. 28-30.) Account of the discovery of the larva in heads of Trifolium. pra Its description as Cecidomyia trifolii, previously read to the Agricultural Society. New localities reported. td See Poduride (Spring-Tails) in a Cistern. (Country Gentleman, _ May 22, 1879, xliv, p. 327, c. 2— 22 em.). Habits of the Poduride and their systematic position. The spe abounding in a cistern in Clifton Heights, O., is Lipura fimetaria (Lin was probably introduced from damp shingles of a roof, Ana species, observed at Center, N. Y.,in a anrdy roadway, may have t a Podura aquatica. = *. ee [See the Second Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp. 208-21 0 - Entomological Contributions — No. IV. |(Thirtieth Repor' t the New York State Museum of Nake History, 187! 9, 117-254. Separate, in advance of the Report, with title-p table of contents, index, and cover, June, 1878, PP. ae Ss Q _ The contents are as follows: . On Mermis acuminata Leidy. | . The New Carpet-bug — Anthrenus scrophulariz. ann Ma . Isosoma vitis Saunders —the Grape-seed Fly. Sa _ 4, List of Lepidoptera, collected by W. W. Hill, in the Adiror t Region of New York. ‘ . Collections of Noctuide, at Schenectady, N.Y., in 1875. . On some Lepidoptera common to the United States and Pat . On Lyczena neglecta Edwards. im oo be Oa H . > —_— ‘ A f eae be eS o * } *s ~~ co 4 REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 375 9. On some Species of Nisoniades [N. Pacuvius n. sp., N. funeralis Scudd.-Burg., N. Icelus Linin., N. Brizo Boisd.—Lec., N. Martialis Scudd., N. Persius Scudd., N. Juvenalis Fabr.] 10. Transformations of Nisoniades Lucilius Lintn. 11. Description of Eudamus Epigena Butler. 12. Systematic Arrangement of the European and some American Hesperide. 13. Notes on Notodonta dicta (Linn.). 14. On some New Species of Cerura [C. occidentalis, C. aquilonaris, and C. candida. Also of C. borealis (Boisd.). 15. On Caradrina fidicularia (Morr.). 16. The Larva of Homohadena badistriga Grote. ah 17. Descriptions of two New Species of Xylina [X. lepida and X. uni- F moda]. 18. Notes on Cucullia leetifica Linin. 19. Notes on Catocala pretiosa Linin. 20. On a New Species of Hypocala [H. Hilli]. 21. On the Identity of Homoptera lunata and H. Edusa. 22. On the Identity of two forms of Hypenidee [Tortricodes bifidalis and T. indivisalis]. 23. Descriptions of two New Species of Phaleznidz [Acidalia lacteola and Cidaria Packardata]. 24, A new Locality for Brephos infans Moesch. % 25. Notes of Capture of Lepidoptera in 1876, rare to the Vicinity of Albany. ~ 26. Notes on some Lepidoptera [Grapta Satyrus Hdw., Lycena Lucia Kirby and L. pseudargiolus Boisd.-Lec.. Agrotis nigricans Linn. var. maizii Fitch. Agrotis perpolita Morr., Agrotis cupida Grote, Agrotis brunneicollis Grote, Cucullia intermedia Speyer, Xylina . lambda (fabr.) var. Thaxteri Grote, Hypena humuli Fitch, Be - Depressaria LeContella Clem., et al.]. 27. On some species of Cossus [Cossus reticulatus n. sp., C. undosus n. sp., C. plagiatus Walker, C. crepera Harris, C. querciperda Fitch). en Apotted Lady-Bug. (Country Gentlemen, for June 26, 1879, xliv, p. 407, c. 1, 2—15 cm.) A beetle found abundantly in dwellings in Pedal iee N. Y., and thought to be the adult of the carpet-bug, is Coccinella bianca [Adalia bipunctata (Linn.)]—one of our friends to be protected. Its peculiar odor referred to. [Extended in Sixth Report on the Insects of New York, 1890, pp. 21-23.] - Strawberry Borers. (Country Gentleman, for June 26, 1879, xliv, © p- 407, c. 2—6 cm.) *“Worms”’ infesting strawberry roots in great numbers, in Muncy, Pa., are probably, judging from the description sent, the larve of the straw- ‘perry crown-borer, Anarsia lineatella, 4 The Golden Tortoise Beetle. (Country Gentleman, Be u 1879, xliv, p. 407, c. 2—6cm.)- | Beetles found in injurious numbers on potato vines in Philadel, pb Pa., are Cassida [Coptocycla] aurichalcea (Fabr.). Their usual } plants, and Paris green for killing them. Grapevine Galls. (Country Gentleman, for June 26, , 1879, : p. 407, ach anean . # vitis Osten Sacken, fear ehiae the larvee ea emerged, pee [See Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888, pp. 63-67, f. The od oe —TLeucania es Haw. = Ge in the examples iooisede instinet pant ee Exorista inilitenes L _ LNemorcea leucanice Kirkpatrick] in its oviposition ; descriptions larve and moth. ° ; The Corn Cureulio— Sphenophorus Zee Walsh. — ootey tleman, for ded 10, 1879, xliv, ae 439, c, 2— 25 Fa | New York, 1882, pp. 253-263. ] The Clover-Seed Fly. (Country Gentleman, for July 1 1, ue xliv, P. 455, c. 1 —16 cm.) the meeting . the State Agricultural Society in J anuary Cecidomyia trifoliin. sp. The specific name selected bore De | it is proposed to designate it as C. leguminicola. ‘The yale Bark Louse — Lecanium vitis Linn. ie "green. “(The insect is Bee innumerabilis ietasont Oya [See Siath Report on the Insects of New York, 1890, pp. 45-51, th ‘The Striped Blister Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for : 1879, xliv, p. 487, cols. 1, 2 —37 em.) ‘ff cauta vittata (Fabr.). pee and sete account of it and o - x ar ee! > 4 4 REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 377 - Meloidee and their transformations are given. Reference to literature i on it, [See Sixth Report on the Insects of New York, 1890, pp. 36-38, f. 16.] Inquiries about Ants and Beetles. (Country Gentleman, for July 31, 1879, xliv, p. 487, cols. 2, 3—13 cm.) Identification of Formica Noveboracensis Fitch {is Camponotus hercu- lameus (Liinn.)|, and of Coptocycla aurichalcea (Fabr.), with the larval features of the latter; and of Melanotus fissilis Say, one of the “snap-. ping beetles,’’ with remarks on their habits. On Cecidomyia leguminicola. (Canadian Entomologist, for July, 1879, xi, pp. 121-124.) eS a bye Oe ee “22 pores ; It having been learned that the name of C. trifolii pertains to an Kuro- pean species, that of C. leguminicola is substituted for it. Notice of the rearing of the imago, its description and its distribution. The Stalk Borer — Gortyna Nitela Guenée. (Country Gentleman, for August 7, 1879, xliv, p. 503, cols. 2, 3— 35 em.) The caterpillar is sent with inquiries from Monsey, N. Y., with account of its habits in boring potato stems and causing them to break down. In reply is given its food-plants, its description and that of the moth, life-history, and remedies. [Extended in the First Report on the Insects of New York, 1882, ‘pp. 110-116, f. 26.] | Two Carpet Bugs. (Country Gentleman, for August 7,°1$79, xliv, p- 503, c. 4, 18 cm.) Two larve from beneath carpets in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., are Anthrenus serophularic (Linn.), and Attagenus megutoma (Fabr.) [is A. piceus Oliv.]. Distinguishing features of the two are given. Remarks upon the latter as a carpet pest [see Second Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp. 46-48.] The Wheat-stem Maggot —Meromyza Americana fitch. (Country Gentleman, for August 21, 1879, xliv, p. 535, cols. 83, 4— 51 cm.) Stalks of spring wheat from Scipioville, N. Y., contain the larva of this insect; its location in the stem; its description and that of the fly ; literature of the species; its injuries; allied species in Europe; little is known of our Oscinide; its popular name; is difficult to control. [Extended in the First Report on the Insects of New York, bike pp. 221- 227, figs. 66, 67.] The Carpet Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for anal 21, 1879, xliv, p. 535, c. 4—4 em.) The insect identified from Poughkeepsie, N. Y., as Anthrenus scrophu- laric, ee Pape Ngee’ \ mh ony ¥ YJ we pia } ‘os ”, o Ne hes) < L . oT ! SF ia s J ae mF ss \ Fees “if x

: S “ey¥ ~ a . av -) ns fa rg) * ‘ is i) WT ~ a alt , ; . wise at Ran a ae ee 388 GENERAL L. DEX. vas he be st ea Cermatia forceps —(. Conti Caccecia rosaceana, 355. - ceruleus, Ichneumon, 228. Oalandra granaria, 365. OryZ@, 362, 383. calcitrans, Stomoxys, 333. Calendula, insect attacking; Spilosoma Virginica, 304. Oallimorpha confusa, 219, Caloptenus spretus, 338. Calopterygina, 220. Calopteryx amata, 220. Cameron, Peter, on Cladius viminalis, 223. Camponotus herculaneus, 377. Canada thistle visited by Syrphide, 229. Canadian Entomologist cited, 225(3), 311, 335, 371, 372, 373, 374, 377, 378. Journal cited, 225. Naturalist cited, 225. candida, Cerura, 375. Saperda, 313, 314. Cannibalism of Pyrrharctia isabella, 228. Canthon laevis, 382. Caradrina fidicularia, 375. — Carbolic acid, for insect attack, 357. Carbolized plaster preventive, 346. eardinalis, Vedalia, 360, 382. eardui, Pyrameis, 228. Carolina Mantis, 357. Carpet beetle, 335, 364, 372(2), 373, 374, 376, 377. Carpocapsa pomonella, 310. saltitans, 310. carye, Halisidota, 355. caryatrypes, Balaninus, 383. Case-bearers, 347. Cassida (Coptocycla) aurichalcea, 376, 377. nigripes, 363, 383. Cassino’s Standard Natural History cited, 256, 280, 296. _ Catalogue des Coléoptéres de la Collection du Comte Dejean cited, 285. Catalogue of Insects of New Jersey cited, 228. rs Catocala pretiosa, 375. Catodaulis supersedsd by Daimia, 371. Cebrio bicolor, 371. Cecidomyia balsamicola, 307. cratezgi, 308, 364. destructor, 368. legaminicola, 376, 377, 378. trifolii, 376, 377. Cecidomyia in a jumping gall, 308, Centerensis, Cossus, 373. Centipede, a household, 324. Cephas pygmeus, 334. ecerasi, Eriocampa, 352. Ceratopogon sp. 384. Ceresa bubalus, 360. Ceria abbreviatella, 229. Cermatia forceps, 324-327, bibliography, 324. cockroach-killer, 325. : x figure of, 325. croton-bug killer, 326, : death reported from bite, 327. distribution northward, : 326. earliest record of observation i ink 326. habits, 325. occurs under stones and logs, 327. a poisonous bites, 327. Cee ke Rathvon’s observations on, 325. Cerura aquilonaris, 375. _ borealis, 375. candida, 375. occidentalis, 375. Cheetura pelagica, bird-lice on, 384. Chaleid associated with a Cecidomyi chalybea, Haltica, 332, 353, 361. Bi cherry: insectinjuriousto Caccecia argyrospila, 356. Eriocampi cerasi, 352. Halisidota carye, 355. Scolytus rugulosus, 383. — Tmetocera ocellana, 306. Cherry-tree slug, 352. chersis, Sphinx, 381. 383. Chilopoda, 324. 4 -Chinch-bug in Western New York, Chinensis, Bruchus, 282. ; Chionaspis pinifolie, 366, 384. _ Chloropisea prolifica, 216, 234-241, 3 382. é Chrisman, Mrs. L. G., on the ros 346. . chrysanthemi, Phytomyza, [yer Chrysanthemum fly, 242-246. Chrysanthemum; insects injuric Diabrotica 12-punctata, 315. _ Eristalis tenax, 382. 4 iP, Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 242, * Chrysobothris ? femorata, 379. Chrysomela trimaculata [= yp] clivicollis], 369. }> ) (2) ee Churchill, G. W., insects from, 312, 382 Cicada septendecim, 218, 296-301, tibicen, 383. Cicindela rapanda, 219. Cidaria Packardata, 375. Cinerarias: insect attacking PI _ chrysanthemi, 242. Cladius isomera, 224. viminalis, 223,224, « clavata, Coptocycla, 382. ine Clarkson, Frederick, on Cicad Clematis visited by Spilomyte Climbing ant-lion, 31. Clisiocampa Americana, 215, 22 sylvatica, 331, s clivicollis, Doryphora, 369. ty * é GENERAL INDEX. Clover: insects injurious to Blissus leucopterus, 331. Cecidomyia trifolii[=leguminicola],374. leguminicola, 378. Hylastes trifolii, 378. Clover-leaf weevil, 315. Clover mite, Bryobia pratensis, 321-324. Ausable Falls occurrence, 324. bibliography, 321, common occurrence, 321. distribution, 322. ; eggs on trees, 322. oe figure, 322. food plants, 322. in a water-trough, 323. in dwelling-houses, 321. Schodack Center occurrence, 322. -Clover-root borer, 335. Clover-seed fly, 374(2), 376. Goal ashes for insect attack, 344. Coccide, 370. Goecinella bimaculata, =Adalia bipunc- tata, 375. 9-notata, 382. sanguinea, 382. Coccinellide, 217, 310, 341. Coceus hesperidum [=Lecanium hespe- ridum], 370. Cockerell [T. D. A.] cited, 256, 258. Cockroach-killer, 325. Coecksecomb elm-gall, 370. Gocoon of red-and-black woolly-bear, 227. Cocoon of rhinoceros beetle, 251. Codling-moth, 307, 310, 343. Ceenia, Junonia, 381. , eceruleocinctus, Julus, 384. - Oold water for insect attack, 285. Coleman [N.] cited, 225. _ Coleophora sp., 347, 361. _ Colias Philodice killed by a fungus, 316. Golorado potato-beetle mite, 312, 345, 373. Composite, 242. | Comptes-Rendus des Séances de la Société x Entomologiaue de Belgiaue cited, 224. Comstock [J. H.] cited, 233, 334, 369. ‘ concinna, Gdemasia, 38. - __ confusa, Callimorpha, 219. -_ confusus, Limonius, 351, 361. ’ eongregatus, Apanteles, 364. - Conotrachelus nenuphar, 288-290. Contagious diseases of insects, 341. convergens, Hippodamia, 382. Cook [Prof. A. J.] cited, 256, 277, 321. Coon, Dr. H. C., insects from, 271, 272, 283. on Chloropisea prolifica, 241. Copris, 254. Coptocycla aurichalcea, 363. elavata, 382. guttata, 369. Coquillet, D. W., insects from, 382. Corn: insect injurious to Calandra oryz2, 362, 383. 50 389 Corn = ( Continued): Diabrotica 12-puntata, 217. Heliothis armiger, 216, 362. Mesographa polita, 233, Sphenophorus sculptilis, 376. Corning, Jr., Erastus, insects from, 220, 381. Corn saw-fly, 334. cornutus, Corydalis, 254. Corn-worm, 216, 363. Cossus Centerensis, 373. erepera, 375. plagiatus, 375. querciperda, 220, 375. reticulatus, 375. undosus, 375. Cottony-cushion scale, 340. Couch, Charles, insects from, 382. Country Gentleman cited, 225, 234, 256(2), 266, 290, 295, 302, 304, 313, 321(2), 357(2), 358, 359(4), 360(3), 362(3), 363(5), 364(2), 365(3),366(3) 367(4), 368(4), 369(7), 370(6), 371(5), 372(4), 373, 374(2), 375(2), 376(7), 377(5), 378(3), 379(6), 380. Cow-horn fly, 332-334. confined to cattle, 333. eggs in fresh manure, 333. injuries from, 333. introduced from France, 333. northward spread, 333. popular names for, 333. preventives of bite, 333. reference to literature, 334, remedy for, 333. when first observed, 333. Cow-pea Bruchus, 270. Corydalis cornutus, 254, Crane, Mrs. H. D., insects from, #84. crataegi, Cecidomyia, 308, 364. Crategus crus-galli, borer proof, 314. Crategus oxyacantha gall, 308. erepera [robiniz] Cossus, 375. Cresson, E. T., cited, 223, 224. Crioceris asparagi, 335. Crotch, Check List of Coleoptera cited, 255, Croton bug, 326. Croton-bug killer, 326. Crowe, David, insects from, 383. Crypturgus (Monarthrum) mali, 370. Cucullia intermedia, 375. leetipica, 375. Cucumber-beetle, 337, 367. ‘ Cucurbitaces, 217, 310, 382. cucurbits, Melittia, 371. Culicids attacked by a fungus, 315. cuniculi, Cuterabra, 367, 382. ecupida, Agrotis, 375. Curculio-ceatcher, 294. Curculio nenuphar, 288. pisorum — see Bruchus, 256. Currant-stem girdler, 352. Currant-worm, 335, 361. Curtis’ British Entomology cited, 249. Curtis, Dr. Josiah, cited, 327. oe he? athe a qua 4 Tie? ORL ie vw: i 6 ey 390) Curtis’ Farm Insects cited, 267, 268, 279, 280, 282, Cuterabra cuniculi, 367, 382. emasculator, 367. Cutting out larvee, 363. Cut worm in corn, 363, Cyllene robiniz, 363. eynicus, Podisus, 356, 361. D. Dahlias injured by Diabrotica, 315, 382. Daimia should supersede Catodaulis, 371. Dall [Mrs. C. H.] cited, 324. Daniell, Mrs. W. F., on eaten ei: pro_ lifica, 241. Darapsa Myron, 381. Datana ministra, 381. perspicua, 381. Davis [Wm. T.] cited, 296, 301. De Geer’s Mémoires des Insectes cited, 365. Dendroleon obsoletum, 319. Depressaria LeContella, 375. Depressaria? 379. Dermestes lardarius, 369. destructor, Cecidomyia, 368. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift cited, 285, 287. diabolica, Vespa, 229. Diabrotica 12-punctata, 217, 315, 382. vittata, 367. Diaspis rose, 384, dictza, Notodonta, 375. diminuta, Phytomyza, 243. Dimmock, A. K., cited, 225. Dimmock [Dr. G.] cited, 256, 280. Diplax rubicundula, 220. Diplosis pyrivora, 335. Diseased Austrian Pines, 366. Disonycha triangularis, 383. dispar, Ocneria, 302-304, 336, 357. Xyleborus, 349, 350, 370, 383. Division of Entomology of U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture cited, 333, 340, 341, 346. Dobson, the hellgrammite larva, 254. Dodge, Charles R., cited, 309. Dog-day Cicada, 383. Doll, J., on Dynastes in Arizona, 252. Doran [Dr. E. W.] cited, 256, 383. on Bruchus granarius, 282. Doryphora clivicollis, 369. Drosophila ampelophila, 241. Dugés, Dr. Eugéne, on Dynastes Hyllus, 249, Dung-beetle, 312, 379. Dyar, H. G., cited, 225, 227, 381, 384, Dye, Franklin, insects from, 383. Dynastes Grantii, 252. Hereules, 249, Hyllus, 249, 250. Tityus, 246, 256. \ _Ervum lens eaten by Bruchus, 285 GENERAL INDEX, : hh E. Earles, 8. F., cited, 315. ar Earth-worm, 378. ! Ectobia Germanica, 326. Edusa, Homoptera, 375. Eggs in plum twig, 360. Eggs of Bean-weevil, 269, 271. ’ Mantis, Carolina, 357. Spilosoma Virginica, 305, Xyleborus dispar, 348, 351. Ellis [L. H.], eited, 321. Elm-bark beetle, 352. : re & Elm: insects injurious to Sd Caccecia argyrospila, 356. a Colopha, ulmicola, 370. eee Galeruca xanthomelzna, 217. ie Halisidota cary, 355. , en Hylesinus opaculus, 352. Orgyia leucostigma, 216. Elm-tree beetle, 217, 335, 363. emasculator, Cuterabra, 367. Emmons’ Natural History of New York cited, 225. Empretia stimulea, 381. English sparrow, 345. : Entomologica Americana cited, 247, 952, eth 280, 296(2). A Entomological Division U.S. Dept. Agri- — culture, 221. at Entomological News cited, 315, 324, 326. | serials of the United States, 378. : Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine cited, 268, 280. , Entomologists of Agricultural Experi- ment Stations, 342. 54 of Experiment Stations, 337. Entomophthora phytonomi, 315. | spherosperma, 345. ephemereformis, Thyridopteryx, 306, 381. Epicauta vittata, 376. Epidemic of fungus attack on insects, 36. “ Epigena, Eudamus, 375. Epilachna borealis, 217, 310, 311, 382. abundanee at Dosoris, L. I., 310. figure of, 311. food of, 310. hibernation, 311. larva of, 311. remedies, 311. r equi, Psoroptes, 362. Erebus odora, 306. Erichsonii, Nematus, 335, 367. Eriocampa cerasi, 352. Eristalis flavipes, 229. tenax, 229, 233, 363, 382. erosa, Phymata, 371. iain Erythroneura vitis, 345. Etidamus Epigena, 375. Hupatoriums,insect attacking ; Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 242. GENERAL INDEX. European bean Bruchus, 279-285. Evecta, bolucella, 229. Exorista militaris Nemorza leucanizl, 376. Eye-spotted bud-moth, 306, 355, 360, 363. F, Falcon [Wm.] cited, 242, 246, 310, 315, 366, 382. fasciatus, Gammarus, 373. Fauyel, A., quoted on Bruchus obsoletus distribution, 259. Fauvel’s Revue d’Entomologie cited, 256. fenestralis, Scenopinus, 312, 367, 382. Feniseca Tarquinius, 219. Fernald, Prof. C. H., cited, 303, 304, 312, 336, 357. Fernow, Berthold, insects from, 383. on the rhinoceros beetle, 254. fidieularia, Caradrina, 375. Field and Forest cited, 309. Field Force Pump Co.’s Perfection Spray- ing Outfit, 292. Field collections,in 1890, 219. Fighting insect pests, 358. Figure of ant-lions, 318, 319. Aphis brassice, 317. bean-weevil, 260. Bruchus obsoletus, 260. Bruchus pisorum, 261. Bruchus rufimanus, 280. Bryobia pratensis, opp. p. 321. eabbage aphis, 317. Cermatia forceps, 325. Chloropisca prolifica, 234. Chrysanthemum fly, 244. Cicada septendecim, 297. clover-mite, opp. p. 234. Conotrachelus nenuphar, 289, eurculio-catcher, 294. Dendroleon obsoletum, 319. Diabrotica 12-punctata, 315. Dynastes Hyllus, opp. p. 250. Dynastes Tityus, 247, 248, 250. Epilachna borealis, 311, eye-spotted bud-moth, 306. European bean-weevil, 280. Field Force Pump, 292. fungus-attacked larva of clover-leaf weevil, 315. Goulds’ double-acting spraying pump, 292. grapevine flea-beetle, 353. Gypsy-moth, 302. Haltica chalybea, 353. Helophilus latifrons, 230, 232. Helophilus similis, 230. Isabella tiger-moth, 226. - larva of bean-weevil, 260. - larva of clover mite, 322, larva of European bean-weevil, 280. larva of eye-spotted bud-mothb, 306. dol ' Figure of —( Continued): larva of Haltica chalybea, 353, larva of plum curculio, 289. larva of rhinoceros beetle, 248. larva of Saperda candida, 313. larva of Spilosoma Virginica, 305. larva of Syrphus fly, 231. Lewis’ Combination Force-pump, 293. Myrmeleon immaculatus, 3f8. Northern lady-bird, 311. Ocneria dispar, 392. pea-weevil, 261, 280. Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 244. Phytonomus larva killed by fungus, 315. plum-cureulio, 289. Prolific Chlorops, 234. pupa of bean-weevil, 260. pupa of Cicada septendecim, 297. pupa of Dynastes Hyllus, opp. pupa of plum curculio, 289. pupa of rhinoceros beetle, 250. pupa of’ Saperda candida, 313. pupa of Spilosoma Virginica, 305. Pyrrharctia isabella, 226. rhinoceros beetle, 247. round-headed apple-tree borer, 383. Saperda candida, 313. seventeen-year Cicada, 297, Sitodrepa panicea, 311, Spilosoma Virginica, 305. Syrphus flies, 230, 232. Tmetocera ocellana, 306. twelve-spotted Diabrotica, 315. yellow woolly-bear, 305. fimetaria, Lipura, 374. fimetarius, Aphodius, 312, $79, 383. fissilis, Melanoturs, 377. Fitch Biological collection of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 380. Fitch (Dr. A.] cited, 266, 289, 295, 299, 270, 380. on the bean weevil, 255, 257, 262-264, 267, 278. Reports on the insects of New York cited, 254, 295, 319. Five-spotted Sphinx, 379. Flat-headed apple-tree borer, 379. flavimanus Bruchus, 268, 282, 284. flavipes, Eristalis, 229. Fletcher, James, cited, 258, 280, 281, 288, 324, 326. Flies captured by Cermatia, 326. Flower flies, 229. Foote, Dr. A. E., referred to, 262. Forbes. Prof. S. A., cited, 321, 331, 341. forceps, Cermatia, 324-327. Forficulide, 238. Formica Noveboracensis = Camponotus hereulaneus, 377. fossor, Aphodius, 379. Fraxinus sambucifolia. Dynastes thadine on, 252. French [G. H.] cited, 225, 311, O02 Mics fugitiva, Limneria, 381. Fuller, A. 8.; Bruchus-infested pods from, 281, elted, 255, 311. funeralis, Nisoniades, 375. Fungicides and insecticides combined, 345. Fungus attack of peach twigs by Stereum complicatum, 374. Fungus of chinch-bug, 341. Fungus of clover-leaf weevil, 315, 316. furvana, Tortrix, 356. Furze, flowers visited by bean-weevil, 280. fusca, Lachnosterna, 369. fusca, Spilomyia, 229. Fyles, Rev. T. W., insect eggs from, 381. G. Galeruca xanthomelena, 217, 335. Gall-mite, 365. Galls of Lasioptera vitis, 376, 382. Galls on Abies Frazeri, 382. Galls on grapevine, 376, 382. Gammarus fasciatus, 373. Garden and Forest cited, 242, 244, 257. Gardeners’ Chronicle cited, 242. Garlock, Washington, insects from, 382. Garman, H., cited, 321(2). Gaubil’s Catalogue des Coléopterés d’Europe et d’Algérie cited, 285, Germanica, Ectobia, 326. Gleditschia eaten by Bruchus, 257, 270. Glover [T.] cited, 255, 369, Glover’s MS. notes of my Journal cited, 228. Glyphina ulmicola = Colonha ulmicola, 370. Goff, Prof. E. 8., cited, 266. insects from, 383. on cultivation of lenti)s, 288. Goldenrods visited by Syrphidz, 229, 233. Golden tortoise beetle, 376. Goodwin, F. F., insects from, 382. Gortyna nitela, 377. Goulds’ Manufacturing Company’s double- acting spraying pump, 292. Grain aphis, 217, 331, 335, 358, 360, 362, 369, 383. beetle, 280. weevil, 217, 362. . granarius, Bruchus, 255, 263, 267, 279-285. ‘granaria, Calandra, 365. Grantii, Dynastes, 252. Grape: insects injurious to. Aphis sp.? 369. Erythroneura vitis, 345. Darapsa Myron, 381. Haltica chalyhbea, 333, 353. Tsosoma vitis, 374. Lasioptera vitis, 376, 382. Phylloxera vastatrix, 371. Procris Americana, 379. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 376, GENERAL INDEX. Grape-seed fly, 373, 374. Grapevine flea-beetle, 332. 353, 357, 361. Coccus. 370. Sphinx, 381. Grapta Satyrus, 375. Grass: insects injurious to. Blissus leucopterus, 331. Cebrio bicolor, 371. Chloropisea prolifica, 216. Ptyelus lineatus, 383. Graves, Mr. H. D., cited, 358, 359. insects from, 382. on Chloropisca prolifica, 236-238, 239, 240. on the clover mite, 324. Gray, Dr. Asa, cited, 278. Gray gnat, 364. Gray's School and Field-Book of Botany ~ cited, 285. : Green grapevine Sphinx, 364, griseus, Benacus, 383. guttata, Coptocycla, 369. “s Gypsy moth, 302-304-335-337, 357. alarm caused by, 303. appropriation for its extarminakie 337. earriage by railroads, 302. distribution in Massachusetts, 302, 336, y 337. European habits, 303, 336. figures, 302. food-plants, 303, 336. Hagen, Dr., on, 393. how it may be controlled, 304, 336. injuries from, 303, 336. introduction in United States, 304, 338. legislation on, 336. parasites, 304, pupation, length of, 304. — 4 when the moths appear, 304. H. Haematobia serrata, 333. eee Hagen, Dr. H. A., cited, 279, 303. 319,320. Halisidota ecaryze, 355. eri: Haltica chalybea, 332, 353, 361. striolata = Phyllotreta vittata, 372. sp. undeterm. on Ampelopsis, 383, Hamilton, Dr. John, on bean and lentil weevils, 256, 259, 279, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285> 286, 287. on change of color in Dynastes, 252. on rhinoceros beetle, 247, 251. — 250. e Hand-picking insect pests, 246, 311, 379. - Harlequin cabbage-bug, 372. ae Harrington [W. H.] cited, 256. 335. ARE Dr. T. W., cited, 225, 256, 305. 269, 288, 295. Hatch Act establishing Experiment sta- tions, 337. Hawthorn galled by Cecidomyia, 308. Hayward, T. E., on oviposition of plum eurculio, 296. Hedges, C. M., apple-bark beetle from, 316. Heliothis armiger, 216, 363, 382. Hellebore powder, 352. Heligrammite fly, 254. Helophilus latifrons, 228. Similis, 228, 230, 233. ~ Henshaw, Samuel, notes on bean-weevil from, 262. herculaneus, Camponotus, 377. Hercules, Dynastes, 249. Hesperide, Dr. Speyer on the genera of, 871, ?hesperidum, Lecanium, 370. Hessian fly, 368. Hibernation of Chlorops in Europe, 235. Hickory: insects injurious to. Caccecia argyrospila, 356, Halisidota caryz, 355. Hippodamia convergens, 382. histrionica, Murgantia, 372. Hoag, Ira W., insects from, 355. Hogeboom, Dr. C. L., insects from, 384. Homohadena badistriga, 375. - Homoptera Edusa, 375. Homoptera collection arranged by Dr.Fiteh 380. Honey-bee fly, 229. Hoose, Dr. James H., insects from, 383. Hop-vine aphis, 331, 335, 345, 357. Horn, Dr. G. H., cited, 252, 351. on bean-weevils, 255(2), 257, 258, 278(3), 281, 284, 285, 286. Horn-fly, 332-334, Horse chestnut, Orgyia tua on, 216. Horses liable to sheep-seab, 362. Hot water for insect attack, 241, 374. House-fly infested by a fungus, 316. parasite, 384, Household pests: Cermatia forceps, 324-327. Chloropisea prolifica, 216. Hover-flies, 229. Howard, C. M., insects from. Howard [L. O.] cited, 247, 282, 296, 304, 307. on spraying with cold water, 344. Hoy, Dr. P. B., referred to, 373. Humuli, Hypena, 375. Phorodon, 331, 335. Huntington, David, peach-bark borer from, 351. Hylastinus obscurus, 335. Hylesinus (Hylastes) trifolii, 335, 378, opaculus, 352. Hylli, Hypocala, 375. Hyllus, Dynastes, 249. ‘Hypena humuli, 375. Hypocala Hilli, 375. GENERAL INDEX. -_ ae a wae ee F 393 I. Icelus, Nisoniades, 375. Icerya Purchasi, 340. Icerya scale, 360. Ichneumon ceruleus, 228. signatipes, 228. Ichneumonide infested by a fungus, 816. immaculatus, Myrmeleon, 318, 384. indivisalis, Tortricodes, 375. infans, Brephos, 375. innumerabilis, Pulvinaria, 370, 371, $76, 384. inquinatus, Aphodius, 379. Insecticides and fungicides combined, 345. Insect Life, cited, 228, 234, 243, 256, 257, 258, 297(4), 302, 304, 310, 316, 321(5), 324(4), 333, Insects attacked by a fungus, 316. Insects received from New York localities: Adirondacks, 364. Albany, 369, 382(3), 383(3), 384. Albion, 354. Alfred Center, 271, 383. Amsterdam, 367. Ausable Forks, 236, 354, 382. Bristol Springs, 378. Brockport, 382. Brooklyn, 384, Buffalo, 285, 382. Caledonia, 373. Canastota, 359. Charlotte, 365. Chatham Centre, 383. Coeymans, 318, 319, 382, 384, Cortland, 383. Coxsackie, 362, 383. Dey’s Landing, 360, 383. Fort Edward, 310. Geneva, 312, 328, 364, 383, 384, Ghent, 382, 383. Glen Cove, 382(2), 383. Gouverneur, 365, 384, Greenport, 381. Haines Falls, 381. Hudson, 217, 383. Jamaica, 381. Jamestown, 356, 361. Keene Valley, 233, 364. Kinderhook, 383. Knox, 381. Laurence, 384. Lockport, 348, 361. Macedon, 351, 353, 361, Matteawan, 366, 384, Menands, 355. Monsey, 377. Moreton Farm, 226, Moriches, 366. Naples, 381. Nassau, 230. New London, 265, New York, 382(2), Niagara Co., 382, Niverville, 383 4 Insects received from New York Jaeaittioe 41 ae recaived | rom x! (Continued): } Oakfield, 382. j Palenville, 320. Pawling, 355. ' Penn Yan, 353, 361. i Piseco Lake, 233. Port Ewen, 381. Port Henry, 383. Poughkeepsie, 375, 377(2). a Ransomville, 368, 382. Rhinebeck, 384. Bae Ridgewood, 360. Rochester, 347, 356, 361, 381, 384, Schenectady, 372, 384, Schoharie, 363, 382. _Scipioville, 377. Somerset, 351. _ South Byron, 347. Staatsburg, 376. _ - Summit, 383. Tarrytown, 383. Utiea, 382, . Watertown, 363. Insects received from other localities: : _ Abington, Mass., 362. _ Annapolis, Md., 369, 379. ioe) ATCO, LI) S63, 2 Baltimore, Md.; 371. me Bellbuckle, Tenn., 369. Bordentown, N. J., 376. Bradford Co., Pa., 370. Carrollton, Ky., 378, 379. Chambersburgh, Pa., 379. _ Champaign, II1., 370. eae Chardon, O., 372. Charlottesville, Va., 316. Cleveland, O., 370. Clifton Heights, O., 374. Denville, N. J., 365. Dorchester, Mass., 364. Edgewood, Md., 369. Essex Co., Mass., 376. |. Fort Union, Va., 372. ® Glasgow, Mo.. 383. -—- @ordonsville, Va., 367, 382. Great Bend, Pa., 369. _ Keswick Station, Va., 369. . Laceyville, O., 372. » Los Angeles, Cal., 382, - Loudon, Tenn., 383. ei Louisville, Ky., 371. -Madison, Wis., 383. --- Metuchen, N. J., 360. ee we Milburn, Noid... '371, Morgan Co., Tenn., 367. _ Murray Bay, Canada, 381. Nashville, Tenn., 371. _ Northampton, Mass., 365. __- Philadelphia, Pa., 376. x He a Pittsfield, Mass., 384. ____-Prospectville, Pa., 376. — (Continued): — Providence, R. Si 304, sf Racine, Wis., 373, Nit Red Bank, N. J., 363, 383, of Roan Mt., N. C., 307. ait Sargeantville, N. J., 306, 381. ‘ South America, 381. ss South Britain, Conn., 320. South Quebec, Can., 381. i is St. Albans, Eng., 383. St. Anthonhy’s-Park, Minn., 381. Staunton, Va., 370. Summerfield, Ill., 379. Trenton, N. J., 383. Wabash, Ind., 381. Waterbury, Conn., 269, 383. Waverly Mills, 8. C., 357. Weybridge, Eng., 364. Winsted, Conn., 368. Insects introduced from Europe and wv asparagus beetle, 335. g cabbage butterfly, 335. carpet beetle, 335. clover-root borer, 335. corn [wheat] saw-fly, 834, cottony-cushion seale, 340. cow-horn fly, 333. currant Worm, 335. elm-leaf beetle, 3365. grain aphis, 335. gypsy moth, 336. hop-vine aphis, 335. larch saw-fly, 335. pear midge, 335. Insects killed by electric lights, 362, intermedia, Curculia, 375. : Introduction of insect pests: Anthrenus scrophularie, 335, Cephus pygmeus, 334, OCrioceris asparagi, 335. . Diplosis pyrivora, 335. Galeruca.xanthomelena, 335. Hemetobia serrata, 333. Hylastinus obscurus, 335. Ieerya Purchasi, 340. Nematus Erichsonil, 335. Nematus ribesii, 335. Ocneria dispar, 335. Phorodon humuli, 335. Pieris rape, 335. _ Siphonophora avene, 335. : Introduction of parasitic insec invitus, Lygus, 348. : irresectus, Bruchus, 256,279 isabella, Pyrrharctia, 225, 228, 368. ie isomera, Cladius, 224. oy Isosoma vitis, 374, 4 k To: Jack [J. G.] cited, 242, 243, 244, aor 3 on ere poplar gute? 228. ae - Jacobs, Dr., cited, 224. Jansen [O. E.] on bean weevils, 256, 259, 260, 283, 284, 286. Jarring for the curculio, directions, 294. Jarring insects from trees, 289, 294. Journal of Mycology cited, 362. Julianus, Strategus, 249. Julus eceruleocinctus, 384. Jumping galls from Euphorbia, 310. awthorn, 309, 364. Oaks, 309. Sebastiana, 310. Jumping seeds, 309, 310. June-bug, 369. Junonia Coenia, 381. - __ Suvenalis, Nisoniades, 375. K. Keene Valley collections, 364. Kerosene emulsion, 318, 360 (2). Kerosene for insect attack, 276, 351, 352, $53, 355, 364. Kirby and Spence cited; 257. Kowarz, F., on Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 248, 245. L. Lachnosterna, 254, 369. lacteola, Acidalia, 375. letifica, Oucullia, 375. laevis, Canthon, 382. lambda var Thaxteri, Xylina, 875. Lampyride, 219. Lamppyrid attacked by a fungus, 316. Larch saw-fly, 335, 367. lardarius, Dermestes, 369. Larva of ant-lion, $18, 319. bean-weevil, 271. black and red woolly-bear, 227. Helophilus latifrons, 231. poplar saw-fly, 224. rhinoceros beetle, 247, 249. Lasioptera vitis, 376, 382. lateralis, Napomyza, 246. latifrons, Helophilus, 228. Lazenby [Wm. B.] cited, 256. Leaf-hoppers, 345. Leaf-roller, 355. Leather-eating beetle, 311. Leavell (J. M.] cited, 247. - . LeBaron (Dr. Wm.] cited, 255, 279, 281. Lecanium acericola=Pulvinaria innumer- abilis, 370. Lecanium acericorticis—Pulvinaria innu- merabilis, 371. -Lecanium sp.? on Magnolia, 384. Lecanium Vitis=Pulvinaria innumer- abilis, 376. Lecanium Persice, 379, 380. LeConte (Dr. J. L.] cited, 255, 258, 278. ~ LeContella, Depressaria, 375. _ Leeming, Miss H. D., insects from, 384. GENERAL INDEX. 395 leguminicola, Cecidomyia, 376, 378. Leguminosa infested by Bruchide, 257. Leidy [Dr. J.) cited, 255, 259. Lema trilineata, 382. Lens esculenta eaten by Bruchus lone 285, 287, 288. Lentil weevil, 285, 288. lentis, Bruchus, 285, 288. lepida, Xylina, 375, Lepidoptera common to the United States and Patagonia, 374. Leuconia unipuncta, 373, 376. leucopterus, Blissus, 331. leucostigma, Orgyia, 216, 331. Lewis Combination Force Pump, 293. Liburnum? infested by Bruchus, 281. Life-history studies of W. H. Edwards, 378 Lilac, Mytilaspis pomarum on, 384, Lime, for insects, 333, 352, 372. Limenitis Arthemis, 219. liminaris, Phl@otribus, 352, 361. Limneria fugitiva, 381. Limnophilus attacked by a fungus, 316. Limonius auripilis, 351. confusus, 351, 361. 4-maculatus, 351. Lina scripta, 219. lineatella, Anarsia, 369, 375. lineatus, Ptyelus, 383. Lintneria [Hesperid genus] changed to Systasia, 371. Lipura fimetaria, 374. List of Lepidoptera collected by W. W. Hill in the Adirondack Region of New York cited, 374. Livingston, Clermont, on Cicada’ 8 song, 298. Locust insect, Cyllene robinia, 363. Locust-tree borer, 363. Lvuew [Dr. H.] cited, 228. Loew, Dr., Dipterological labors of, 378. London purple and Bordeaux mixture, 345. London-purple poisoning, 339. Long, Andrew &., insect eggs from, 383. Lord, E. J., insect from, 382. Lotis, Lyczna, 374. Love, 8. G., insects from, 356. Lucanus, 254. Lucia, Lyczena, 375. Lucilius, Nisoniades, 375. Lugger, Dr. O., insects from, 381. Lugger, Otto, cited, 247, 252, 254. Lugger, Otto, successful spraying for plum curculio, 293. Lumbricus terrestris, 378. lunata, Homoptera, 375. lutescens, Aulacomerus, 223, 224. Lycena Lucia, 375. Lycena Lotis, 374, neglecta, 374, pseudargiolus, 375. Lygus invitus on pear, 348. 396 M. Mabee, Jerome, insects from, 382. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 846. macrurum, Ophion, 228. maculata, Vespa, 229. Magnolia, Lecanium sp.? on, 384. malifoliella, Tischeria, 354. mali, Monarthrum, 316, 370. Mallodon angustatum, 261. Mallophaga, 384. Mann [B. P.] cited, 228. Mann, W. T., insects from, 382. Maple insect, Caccecia argyrospila, 356. Maple insect, Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 370, 371. Maple seale insect, 384. Maple-tree seale, 360. Marguerite fly, 242. Marten [John] cited, 225. Martialis, Nisoniades, 3765. Martin, Rev. C. G., insects from, 381, Maxwell & Bros., insects from, 355. MeDowell, E. M., gall received from, 308. McNeal [Jerome] cited, 297. Meadow-sweet, visited by bean-weevil, 280. megatoma, =piceus, Attagenus, 377. Melanotus fissilis, 377. Melanotus sp., 360. Melitza Phaéton, 219. Melittia cucurbite, $71. Melon attacked by Epilachna borealis, 217, 310. Melsheimerii, Perophora, 381. Memoirs of Boston Society of Natural His- tory cited, 315. Mermis acuminata, 374. Meromyza Americana, 377. Mesograpta polita, 233. Mexican jumping-seed, 310. Michigan Farmer cited, 321. Microgaster cocoons, 358. Midge, Adirondack, 364. Migratory locust of the Old World, 340. militaris, Exorista, 376. Milkweed: Doryphora clivicollis on, 369. Mimiery in Syrphida, 229. Mimosa eaten by Bruchus, 257. mimus, Bruchus, 285. ministra, Datana, 381.- Mite parasite on the house-fly, 865. Mites: Phytoptus pyri, 365. Tyroglyphus siro, 357. Bryobia pratensis, 368. Trombidium muscarum, 365. Mites on grass, clover, trees, ete., 322. Mites infesting smoked meats, 857. Mites in water trough, 365. modestus, Podisus, 353. Moeschler cited, 225. Moltings of Bombycide, 227. Monarthrum mali, 316. GENERAL INDEX. Myer, Miss H. G., insects from, 381. Mylabris rufimana, 280, Myrmeleon immaculatus, 318, 384. Monostegia rose, 344, 362, Morey, Dr. R. H,, on mitesin a water-tank, 323. 4 insects from, 230. on rat-tail larve of Helophilus, 231. Morning glory insects: Cassida nigripes, 363. Coptocyela, aurichaleea, 363. Morrell, H. H., insects from, 265. Morris [J. G.] cited, 225. Murgantia histrionica, 372. Murrell, G. E., on the feeding of the rhino- ceros beetle, 251. , Murtfeldt [Mary E.] cited, 297. muscarum, Trombidium, 865, 384, Mycotophilide attacked by a fungus, 316. rufimanus, 285. Myriopoda, 324. ocellatus, 319. nigrocinctus, 319. pantherinus, 320. Myron, Darapsa, 381. Mytelaspis pomorum, 384. N. Napomyza lateralis, 246. neglecta, Lyczna, 874. Nematus Erichsonii, 335, 367. Nematus ribesii, 335. Nematus ventricosus (=ribesii), 356. Nemorea leucanie, 376. nenuphar, Conotrachelus, 288-290. : Nephopteryx [Pinipestices] Zimmermani, 3738. Neuroterus saltatorius, 309. New enemy of the current-worm, 356, New England Farmer cited, 360. New England Homestead cited, 256, 362, 363 367. New York Times cited, 234, 358, 360. New York Tribune cited, 255. New York World quoted, 303. nigricans, Agrotis, 375. nigripes, Cassida, 363, 383. nigrocinctus, Myrmeleon, 319. Nisoniades, tibial tufts in, 371. tibial epiphysis in, 371. Nisoniades Brizo, 376. funeralis, 375. Icelus, 375. Juvenalis, 375. lucilius, 375. Martialis, 375. Pucuvius, 375. Persius, 375. nitela, Gortyna, 377. nivius, @canthus, 384. Northern lady-bird, 310, $11. Notodonta dicta, 375. Wie e's! PL ed 1o? OS oe eee, a . a Tran eh dy pr. af SSighi. he <9 1. be . ‘ 7 GENERAL INDEX. nova, Orgyla, 219, 381. novem-notata, Coccinella, 382. Number of known Syrphids, 229. O. Oak insect, Caccecia argyrospila, 356. Oak insect, Perophora Melsheimerii, 381. Oats injured by grain aphis, 218. Oats, insect, Cephus pyzgmeus, 334. Oberea tripunctata [—bimaculata], 369. obesus, Xyleborus, 350. Oblique-banded leaf-roller, 355. oblongifolia, Amblycomorpha, 369. obseurus, Bruchus, 263, 264. obseurus, Hylastinus, 335. obsidianator, Trogus, 228. obsoletum, Dendroleon, 319. obsoletus, Bruchus, 217, 255-279, 367, 383, occidentalis, Cerura, 375. ocellana, Tmetocera, 216, 306, 355, 363, 382. ocellatus, Myrmeleon, 319. Oeneria dispar, 302-304, 336, 357. odora, Erebus, 306. Odynerus Philadelphie, 229. (Heanthus niveus, 384. (Hdemasia eoncinna, 381. (stride, 367. Ohio Farmer, cited, 321, 368. oleracea, Pieris, 219. | opaculus, Hylesinus, 352. Ophion arctiae, 228. macrurum, 228. Orange insect, Icerya Purchasi, 340. Orange Judd Farmer cited, 357. Orchard and Garden cited, 344. Orgyia leucostigma, 216, 331. Orgyia nova, 219, 381. orientalis, Periplanata, 325. Ormerod’s Injurious Farm and Fruit Insects of South Africa, cited, 256. Ormerod’s Manual of Injurious Insects cited 279, 280, 282, 366. Reports on Injurious Insects cited, 279, 280, 282, 285. Ormerod, Miss E. A., cited, 259, 282, 284, 349, insects from, 383. : quoted on bean weevil, 288. lentil weevil, 286. oryze, Calandra, 362, 383. Osceola, Pamphila, 374. Oscinide, 234, 377. Osmoderma, 254. Osage orange, Pulvinaria innumerabilis on, 370. Osten Sacken [Baron] cited, 228, 230, 233, 235, 240, 242, 243, 378. Otiorhynchus ovatus, 331, 360. ovatus, Otiorhynchus, 331, 360. Oviposition of Saperda candida, 314. Oviposition of the plum curculio, 295, 296. Oxalis, Aleyrodes on, 383. Packardata, Cidaria, 375. 51 307 BP; Packard, Dr. A. 8., cited, 225, 265, 281, 312. 320, 370. Pacuvius Nisoniades, 375. Paine, J. A., insect from, 383. pallida, Bryobia, 321. pallidipes, Bruchus, 256. Pamphila Osceola, 374. panicea, Sitodrepa, 311. pantherinus, Myrmeleon, 320. Papilio cited, 225, Papilio Turnus, 219. Parasitic insects introduced, 340. Parasites: of Aphodius fimetarius, 312, 388. of army worm, 376. of Bruchus scutellaris, 282. of grapevine Sphinx, 364. of house-fly, 365, 384. of Julus cceruleocinetus, 384. of Hdemasia concinna, 381. of grain aphis, 218. of gypsy moth, 304. of Icerya Purchasi, 341. of Pyrrharctia isabella, 228. Paria aterrima, 360. Paris green and flour for beetles, 351. Parker, Miss Sarah, insects from, 384. Passalus, 254. Peach-bark borer, 351, 361. Peach-tree borer, 374. Peach-twig moth, 369. Peach insects: Anarsia lineatella, 369. Diabrotica 12-punctata, 315. Lecanium Persice, 379, 380. Phicotribus liminaris, 352. plum curculio, 374. Pear-blight beetle, Xyleborus pyri, 348-351, 361, 370. at Lockport, N. Y., 348. beetles reared, 349. burrows of, 348. disparity in sexes, 350. eggs in a side chamber, 351. fatal to trees, 348. food of larva, 350. fruit trees attacked, 350. identity with dispar of Europe, 349. males not numerous, 350. Pomroy, N., on, 348. white lining of burrows, 349. Pear-leaf blister, 365. Pear: insects attacking; Caccecia argyrospila, 356. rosaceana, 355. Coleophora sp., 347, 361. Diplosis pyrivora, 335. Halisidota carye, 355. Lygus invitus, 348. Tmetocera ocellana, 306. Xyleborus dispar, 348. _ pinifolizw, Chionaspis, 366, 384. 398° Pear midge, 935. Peas: insect attacking; - Bruchus rufimanus, 281. scutellaris pisorum = Chinensis, 282, Pea-weevil, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 280. Peck, Prof. C. H., insects from, 355, 384. Pentatomide, 238. Periodical Cicada, 218, 296-301. -Periplanata orientalis, 325. Perophora Melsheimerii, 381. ’ perpolita, Agrotis, 375. Persie, Lecanium, 379, 380. Persius, Nisoniades, 375. perspicua, Datana, 381. { Pest of the Carriage Trimming Shop, 811. Phaéton, Melita, 219. Phaseoli, Bruchus, 263. Philadelphiz, Odynerus, 229. Phiceotribus liminaris, 352, 361. : Phobetron pithecium, 381. Phorodon humuli, 331, 335. Phyllophaga pilosicollis [=Lachnosterna tristis], 369. j Phyllontera Beioneitolis 369. Phylloxera vastatrix, 371(2). Phymata erosa, 371. affinis, 242, 245, 246. Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 242-246. diminuta, 243. lateralis, 242, 244, nigricornis, 242. solita, 243. me Phytomyzide, 242. phytonomi, Entomophthora, 315. - Phytonomus punctatus, 3165. Phytoptus pyri, 365. piceus, Attagenus, 382. Pierce, G. F., insects from, 320. ‘Pieris caterpillar killed by a fungus, 316. Pieris oleracea, 219. rape, 219, 335. Pigs for eating infected fruits, 290. . - Pine insect: Chionaspis pinifolize, 366, 384. Pinipestis Zimmermani, 373. Thrips, sp., 384. pisi, Bruchus=pisorum, 263. pisorum, Bruchus, 268, 280, 286. pithecium, Phobetron, 381. _plagiatus, Cossus, 375. _ Plant-lice, 217, 346. Plant-lice killed by Phymota erosa, 371. Plaster of Paris for insect attack, 336. Plattsburgh Morning Telegram cited, 234, 858, Plowing under locusts, 339. Plum curculio, 288-290, 343, 374. Plum-gouger, 293. Plum: insect attacking; Conotrachelus nenuphar, 289. - pomifoliella, Bucculatrix, 216, 354, 359, Xyleborus dispar, 350. Podisus cynicus, 356, 361. Ag Podisus modestus, 353. Podisus sp., 361. Podura aquatica, 374, Podurid@ in a cistern, 374. ‘Poisoning insects, 359. ; Poisonous bite of Cermatia, 327, polita, Mesograpta, 233. % 387. pomonella, Carpocapsa, S100 Jigs Pomroy, Norman, on > 348, 260, 264, 265, 266, 270. Poplar insect: Cladius viminalis, 223, 224. Cossus Centerensis, 373. Cicanthus niveus, 384. — Poplar saw-fly, 223. Popular Gardening cited, 361(6). ; Popular Science Monthly cited, 247. Popular Science News cited, 304, 308, Potato insect: “ee. Coptoeycla aurichalcea, a6. Coptocyela guttata, 369. _ Epicanta vittata, 376. Gortyna nitala, 377. Powell, George T., galls from, 382. . insects from, 383. Prairie Farmer cited, 321. pratensis, Bryobia, 321-324, 365. ' Praying mantis, 357. Precursors in Cicada broods; 299. j pretiosa, Catocala, 375. chinch- Hag, 332. _eow-horn fly, 332. grapevine flea- beetle, 332, locust-tree borer, 363. peach-tree borer, 374. plumb curculio, 290, 346. ie striped cucumber beetle, 368. Preventives of insect Pace | hy brine ima wash, 332. -earbolized plaster, 346. dusting foliage, 289. éxcluding by netting, 368. gas-tar water, 290. ; - ground bone dust, 368. heavy rains, 332. lime-dust, 289. — lime-wash, 289, 332. mounding about base of a 3t : - oil application, 333. plaster of Paris, 346. soap and carbolic acid, 363, — GENERAL INDEX. Preventives of insect attack — (Continued): strong odors, 289, wrapping tree-trunks, 313. Proceedings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, cited, 255. Proceedings of American Philosophical Society cited, 228, Proceedings of California Academy of - Science cited, 225. Proceedings of American Entomological Society cited, 225. _ Proceedings of Entomological Society of Washington cited, 247(3), 296(2), 297, 317. Proceedings of Western New York Horti- eultural Society cited, 342, 358. Procris Americana, 379. prodromus, Aphodius, 312. Progress in economic entomology, 342. Progress in insect studies, 337. prolifica Chloropisca, 216, 234-241, 358, 359, 382. Prolific Chlorops, 234-241. Propagation of contagious diseases of insects, 341. pseudargiolus, Lyczena, 375. Psoroptes equi, 362. Psyche cited, 225(2), 256, 279, 318, 380. *Psyllide ? infesting maples, 367. Ptyelus lineatus, 383. Pteromaline, 307. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 384. -punctata, Diabrotica, 315. punctatus Phytonimus, 315. Punky of the Adirondacks, 364. Purchasi, Icerya, 340. pygmeus, Cephus, 334. Pyrameis cardui eaten by Pyrrharctia isabella, 228. Pyrethrum powder, 236, 290. Pyretkrum water for insect attack, 315, 344, 360. pyri, Phytoptus, 365. pyri, Xylebofrus, 348, 370. pyrivora, Diplosis, 335. Pyrrharctia Californica =isabella, 225-228. 368. Q. querciperda, Cossus, 220, 375. Quince: insect feeding on; Thyridopteryx ephemereformis, 306. Limonius confusus, 351, 361. Saperda candida, 314, Quinee on Crategus stock proof against apple-tree borer, 314. quinquemaculata, Sphinx, 379. R. Raeder, Frank N., insects from, 383. Randall, J. M., on jarring for curculio, 294. Ransom & Son, W. H., insects from, 382. 399 Ranunculacee mined by Phytomyza affinis, 246. rape, Pieris, 219, 335. Raspberry cane-borer, 369. Raspberry insect Limonius auripilis, 351. Oberea bimaculata, 369. Rathbone, A. B., insects from, 382. Rathvon Dr. S. S., cited, 255, 257, 279. on Cermatia forceps, 325, 326. on the rhinoceros beetle, 253. Rat-tail larve, 363. Red mites, 323, 365, Red spider, 324. Reinecke [Ottomar] cited, 285. Reinecke and Zesch’s List of Coleoptera in the vicinity of Buffalo, cited, 285. Reitter’s Catalogus Coleoptorum Europe, etc., cited, 256, 279. Remedies for insect attacks; alkaline solutions, 344. arsenical spraying, 216, 290-293, 307, 336, 353, 355, 360, 361, 363, 368. attracting to vinegar and molasses, 363. balloon hopper-dozer collecting, 336, benzine, 364. bisulphide of carbon, 276, 277, 365, 367. burning infested stock, 361, 363, 367. burning stubble, 339. burning rubbish, 353, 365. earbolic acid, 357. coal ashes, 344. cold water, 285. eold water spraying, 344, 360. crushing larve, 363, 364, 379. eurculio-catcher, 294. eutting out the larve, 363. hand-picking, 246, 311, 379. heat, 275. hellebore powder, 352. hopper-dozer collecting, 338. hot water, 241, 374. jarring from tree, 289, 294. kerosene, 276, 351, 352, 354, 355, 364. kerosene emulsion, 318, 360(2). lime, 333, 352, 372. lime- water, 366. London purple poisoning, 339. nitrate of soda for slugs, 366. Paris green and flour, 351. paving or flagging under trees, 290. pigs to eat infested fruit, 290. planting fruit trees over water, 290. plaster of Paris, 333. plowing under, 339. propagation of contagious diseases, 341. pyrethrum powder, 236, 290. pyrethrum water, 315, 344, 360. soap-suds, 372. sulphur, 365. sweetened water in bottles, 289. tobacco water, 344, 372. 400) Remedies for insect attacks — (Continued): trapping, 366. whale-oil soap solution, 290, 318. Remedy for bean-weevil, 275-277, 285. boll-worm or.corn-worm, 363. bud-moth, 216. cabbage aphis, 318, 372. carpet-beetle, 364. eherry-tree slug, 352. chinch-bug, 341. Chloropisea prolifica, 241. ehrysanthemum fly, 246. cow-horn fly, 333. Diabrotica 12-punctata, 315. elm-leaf beetle, 363, Epilachna borealis, 311. eye-spotted bud-moth, 216, 307, 360, 363. golden tortoise beetle, 376. grain aphis, 360. grain weevil, 365. grapevine flea-beetle, 353. hickory tussock caterpillar, 355. locust-tree borer, 363. mites infesting meat, 357. oblique-banded leaf-roller, 355. peach-bark borer, 361. peach-tree borer, 374. pear-leaf blister, 365. plant-lice, 345. plum ecurculio, 289, 290. Procris Americana, 379. Rocky Mountain locust, 338, 339. rcse-leaf hopper, 345. rose slug, 344, Scolytid bark-borers, 352. slugs and snails, 366. snapping-beetle on quince blossoms, 351. repanda, Cicindela, 219. Report on the Insects and other Animal Forms of Caledonia creek, N. Y., 373. Report Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station cited, 255, 271. Report of N, Y. State Annet Experi- ment Station, 266. Report of Peabody Academy of Science cited, 225. Report of U. 8. Geological and Geograph- ' ieal Survey cited, 255. Reports of Commissioner of Agriculture cited, 255, 288, 289, 296, 297(2), 321, 333. Reports Entomological Society of Ontario cited, 225, 255, 256(2), 37¢. Reports on Injurious and other Insects of New York, 234, 242, 247, 251, 252, 256, 296, 306, 307, 311, 312, 315, 318, 321, 324, 326, 331, 834, 352, 357, 364, 365, 369, 372, 374, 376, 377, 379. Reports of N. Y. State Museum of Natural History cited, 228, 234, 312, 365, $72, 374, 379. Reports on Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Illinois cited, 255(2), 279(2), 32163). GENERAL INDEX. ‘ Pa - % Reports of Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station cited, 256(2), 276. Reticulatus, Cossus, 375. Rhinoceros beetle, 246-255. Rhubard, flowers visited by bean-weevil, 280. Rhubarb: attacked by Spilosoma Vir- ginica, 304, Ribesii, Nematus, 335. Riley, C. V., cited, 225, 228, 247, 296, 309, 321, 324, 341, 364, description and figures of early stages — of Dynastes Tityus, 247-250. e.: on bean-weevils, 255, 257, 258(2), 259, 261, 264, 269, 278, 279, 280. hae on Cicada at Tivoli, N. Y., 299, 300. on May-bud gall, 308. a Riley’s Insects of Missouri cited, 225, 255, 261, 266, 279, 282, 283, 288, 295. t Riley-Howard cited, 247, 256, 288, 289,296, 297, 321(2), 324, < Riley-Marlett cited, 321, 322. Ring-rot of the pine, 366. Ritzema Bos cited. 280, 285. Ritzema Bos: Tiersche Schadlinge Nutzlinge cited, 285. Roach killed by Cermatia, 325. Robinia eaten by Bruchus, 267. Robiniz, Cyllene, 363. Robinia, Spermophagus, 270. a Rocky Mountain locust in Minnesota, 938- 340. it acres of land plowed, 339. aggregate injuries in one year, 340. balloon hopper-catcher used, 838. bounty paid, 336. cost to the State for killing, 336, 339. eges destroyed by plowing, 334. hopper-dozers used, 338. lucrative work of catching, 339. Lugger’s work in Otter Tail Co., 338. losses in other States, 340. number of bushels destreyed, 339. plowing infested land, 339. privileges for catching sold, 339. result of operations against it, 340. wheat acreage destroyed, 338. young hoppers killed by plowing, 339. — rosaceana, Caccecia, 355. rose, Diaspis, 384. ros, Monostegia, 344, 362. rose, Tettigonia, 345, 362. Rose-bug, 337, 346. Rose insects: Caccecia argyrospila, 356. Diaspis rose, 384. Monostegia rose, 344, 362. Tettigonia rose, 362. Rose-leaf hopper, 345, 362. Rose: saw-fly — sp.?, 354. Rose-slug, 344, 362. Rose, J. F., insects from, 347. ~ rotundifolia, Amblycomorpha, 384. Round-headed apple-tree borer, 313. rubicundula, Diplax, 220, *rufimana, Mylabris, 280. rufimanus, Mylabris,'285. rufimanus, Bruchus, 263, 267, 268, 279-285, 286, 383. rugulosus, Scolytus, 383. Rural New Yorker cited, 255. Rusk, S. E., insects from, 381. Ryelinjured by grain aphis, 218. Rye insect: Calandra granaria, 365. Cephus pygmeus, 334. Siphonophora avene, 360. s. Sager, J., insect from, 381. saltatus, Andricus, 309. saltatorius, Neuroterus, 309, saltitans, Carpocapsa, 310. sanguinea, Coccinella, 382. Saperda candida, 313, 314. Satyrus, Grapta, 375. Satyrus, Xyloryctes, 251. Saunders’ Insects Injurious to Fruits, cited, 288, 306. Saunders [William] cited, 225, 369. Saw-fily borer in wheat, 334, Say [Thomas] cited, 258. Say’s Complete Writings cited, 255. Say [Thomas] on bean weevil, 255, 261, 278. Seale insects, 340. Scarabeide, 246. Searabeus Tityus=Dynastes Tityus. 246. Scenopinus fenestralis, 312, 367, 382, Schoenherr’s Genera et species Cureulio- _ nidum cited, 279, 282, 283, 285. Schwarz [E. A.] cited, 247, 297, 317, 350, 379, 380. Schwarz. E. A., on bean-weevils, 270. Science Gossip cited, 309. 258, 305, _Seolytide, 238. Scolytid bark-borers, 352. Seolytus rugulosus, 383. seripta, Lina, 219. serophularie, Anthrenus, 364, 372, Scudder, 8. H., referred to, 262. scutellaris, Bruchus, 383. seutellatus, Bruchus, 282. Scutigeride, 324. Seed beetle, 280, 282. Selandria rose, 362. seminarius, Bruchus, 283, 284. Sephonophora avene, 383. septendecim, Cicada, 218, 296-301, 361. serrata, Hematobia, 333. Seventeen-year Cicada, 296-301. ¥ GENERAL INDEX. 401 Seventeen-year Cicada —( Continued): at Galway, N. Y., erroneous report, 299, 301. at Tivoli, N, Y.,:297, 298. bibliography, 296. brood viii (of Riley) in New York, 300, Clarkson on Tivoli examples, 297-299, 301. ; figures of, 297. Hudson river brood in 1860 and 1877, 298. New York broods, 297. possibly a 18-year brood in New York, 301. precursors of regular broods, 299. Riley on Tivoli examples, 299, 300. song of, 298, 299. taken by Mr. Clarkson at Tivoli, 298. unrecorded broods?, 300. Seventeen-year locusts, 361. Sewell, E. W., insects from, 383. Sharp, Dr., on Bruchus lentis, 287. Sheep-scab, 362. signatipes, Ichneumon, 228. Silk worm, voracity of, 359. Silvanus Surinamensis, 331. similis, Helophilus, 228, 230, 233. Siphonophora avenz, 217, 331, 336, 369(2). siro, Tyroglyphus, 357. Sitodrepa panicea, 311. Slugs, 366. Smith, Fred., insect from, 383. Smith (Jno. B.] cited, 225, 228, 247, 314, 316, 317, 333, 346, 360. Smith, Mrs. E. B., insects from, 318, 319, 382, 383, 384, Snails, 366. Snapping-beetles, 351, 377. Snout-beetle, 360. Snow, Géorge C., insects from, 353. Soap-suds for insect attack, 372. solita, Phytomyza, 243. South American butterflies, 220. Spermophagus robinie, 270. spherosperma, Entomophthora, 315. Sphecide, 238. Sphenophorus Zeze=S. sculptilis, 376. Sphinx chersis, 381. : Sphinx quinquemaculata, 379. Spilosoma isabella, see Pyrrharctia isa- bella, 225. Spilosoma, Virginica, 228, 304, 305. description, 305. eges of, 305. feeding-habits, 305. figures of, 305. plants eaten by, 304. transformations, 305. Spilomyia fusea, 229. Spireea visited by bean-weevil, 280. Spittle insects, 365, 383. 360, 4()2 Spotted horn-bug, 246, 255, Spraying for fruit-tree insects, 359. Spraying for the curculio, 358. Spraying operations, 343. Spraying with water, 344. Spretus, Caloptenus, 338, Squash: insects attacking, 217. - Squash: insect Melittia cucurbite, 371. Squash-vine borer, 371. Stalk-borer, 877, Stereum complicatum on Se paaeHe twigs, 874, Stimulea, Empretia, 381. Stomoxys calcitrans, 338. Stephens’ Manual of British Ooleoptera cited, 279. torm, W. W., insects from, 383, _ Strawberry insect: Anarsia lineatella, 367, 375. Otiorhynchus ovatus, 360. Paria aterrima, 360. : Strategus Julianus, 249. Strickland, W. J., insects from, 364. S$tridulation of Dynastes, 250. Strigosa, Theela, 219. _ Striolata (=vittata) Phyllotreta, 372. - Striped blister-beetle, 376. _ Striped cucumber-beetle, 367. Strong, Woodbridge, on Saperda candida, 313. ?subarmatus, Bruchus, 256, 259, _ subellipticus, Bruchus, 256, _ subspinosus, Macrodactylus, 346. _ Sugaring for Lepidoptera, 218. Sulphur for mite attack, 365. -- Sumach, Datana perspicua on, 381. Surinamensis, Silvanus, 331. _ _Sweet-potato insect; Roars Cassida nigripes, 363, 383. Coptocyela aurichaleea, 363, Sweetened water in bottles for insects, ease" _.. Sylvatiea, Diiatocuinge: 331. -. Syrphidee, 219, 228, 229. - Syrphus fly, 363. « \ Systasia [Hesperid genus] substituted for | -_- Lintneria, 371. fs Tabanide, 219. 3 Tabanus atrata, 364, _ Tarquinius, Feniseca, 219. , Temnostoma alternans, 229. ' tenax, Hristalis, 229, 233, 363, 382. Tenthredinide, 223, 238, 354, _ terrestris, Lumbricus, 378. tessellata, Agrotis, 382. _ Tettigonia rose, 346, 362, _‘Texas-fly, 333. Py | Theobroma eaten by Bruchus, 267. -Thirteen-year brood of Cicada An, ‘Tmetocera ocellana, 216, 306, ; 382. m3 Tobacco water for insect pe =) $72. bay ‘Tortricodes bifidalis, 375. Trail, in : ah +. 5 Thaxtor, Dr. Rola ec ited , 315. galls received from, 307, 382. Thecla strigosa, 219.” Th Thecla Titus, 219. ‘ae Thelaxes ulmicola = Colopk 870. r York? 301. Thrips sp. attacked by a fangus, 316. i, Thrips sp. 366. ae Thrips sp. on Austrian pine, 384, ‘F Thomas [Dr. Cyrus] cited, 255, 279, 281. 3 Thyreus Abbotii, 381. Thyridopteryx ephemereformis, 30 Thymelicus genus, 371. tibicen, Cicada, 383. Tipulide, 219. . Tipulide attacked by a fungus, 316. Tischeria malifoliella, 354, ‘ Titus, Jacob W., insects es $83, Titus, Thecla, 219. le aie Dynastes, 246-255. is oy aaa broods, 300. tobacco worm, 379. Tomato insect; Heliothis armiger, 382. tomato worm, 379. Tomicus mali= Monarthrum mall, qa ri indivisalis, 375. . an Tortrix furvana—Caccecia areyrospl Tough, Wm., insects from, 383. f ae Prof, J.|W. H., on ‘Oceidomy cratzegi, 308. Transactions of Academy of Set St. Louis cited, 253-259. ' American Entomological Bocie 225, 252, 255, 256, 280,309, Entomological Society of elted 248, 280, 319. > a ony Kansas State Horticultural Wy cited, 255(2). iA New York State Agricultm lL _ eited, 373(2). _ Vassar Brothers’ Institute cit ¢ Trapping insect pests, 366. AS Treat, Mrs. Mary, eited, 288s) ey Tree-hopper, 360. | Mieke triangularis, Disonycha, 383, REELS Trichiocampus viminalis, 224 trifolli, Hylastes, 378. trifolii, Hylesinus, 335. pope," eh trifolli [=leguminicolal, fe trilineata, soe 382. tristis, Lachnosterna, 369. _ Trogus obsidianator, 228, Trombidide, 321. _ Yrombidium bicolor, 321. » muscarum, 365, 384, _ Trouyelot, Dr. L., gypsy moth introduced by, 303, 336. - Yumbler-bug, 379. _ Tumble-dung, 382. Turnip flea-beetle, 372. Turnip insect; Phyllotreta vittata, 372. Turnus, Papilio, 219. Tussock caterpillar, 216. ' twelve-spotted Diabrotica, 217. _ Two-spotted lady-bug, 375. _ ‘yphlocybe attacked by a fungus, 316. yroglyphus siro, 357. VU. Ubler [P. R.] cited, 296, 345, 353, Ulmicola, Colopha, 370. Ulmus Americana, Colopha ulmicola on, 370. unipuncta, Leucania, 373, 376. ~ unimoda, Xylina, 375. Uropoda Americana, 312, 383, 384. ta V. Valentine, Clarence, 382. Van Alstyne, E., insects from, 383. Van Duzee, E. P., insect from, 382, cited, 317, 332, 333. Van Ingen, G., on Cermatia, 326, 327. Van Slyke, H.. insects from, 383. varicornis, Bruchus, 255, 278. _ vastatrix, Phylloxera, 371(2). _ Vedalia cardinalis, 360, 382. _ yentricosus, Nematus, 335, 356. Vespa diabolica, 229. maculata, 229. _ Vicia lens eaten by Bruchus, 286. viminalis, Cladius, 223, 224. Trichiocampus, 224. Virginica, Spilosoma, 228, 304. virgo, Arctia, 219. vitis, Erythroneura, 345. Isosoma, 374. Lasioptera, 376. Lecanium—=Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 376. _ vittata, Diabrotica, 367. Epicauta, 376. ' Phyllotreta. 372. Volucella evecta, 229. _ Voracity of the silkworm, 359. _V-signata, Tortrix=Caccecia argyrospila, i Yo S56. V-shaped Tortrix, 355. GENERAL INDEX. 403 WwW. Walker, F., cited, 225. Walker, J. V. D., Erebus odora taken by, 306. insects from, 381. Walnut: Halisidota caryz on, 355. Walsh, B. D., cited, 228, 306, 324. on burrows of Xyloryctes Satyrus, 251. Walsh, on oviposition of plum cureulio, 295. Walsh-Riley cited, 246, 254, 296. Webster [Prof. F. M.] cited, 297, 321, 351, Web-worm, 345. Weed [C. M.] cited, 225, 256, 275, 318 368, Weevils, 331. Weevils in rye, 365. Western beds of fossil insects, 378. Western N. Y. Horticultural Society re-' ferred to, 221, 356. . Westwood [Prof. J. O.] cited, 242, 265, 279, 303, 319. Westwood’s Introduction to Classification of Insects cited, 279. Whale-oil soap solution, 290, 318. Wheat insect; Cephus pygmeus, 334. Caloptenus spretus, 338. Meromyza Americana, 377. Siphonophora avene&, 367. Wheat saw-fly, Cephus pygmeus, 334, 335. amount of injury, 334. Comstock’s study of, 334. “corn saw-fly” in Europe, 334. extends in Canada, 335. introduced from Europe, 334. larval operations, 334. occurrence at Ithaca, 334. transformations, 334. when first observed, 334, Wheat-stem maggot, 377. White-faced hornet, 229. White-grub, 337. , Whitehead, Charles, cited, 280(2), White-marked tussock-moth, 331. Williams, A. Ford, insects from, 383. Williams, H. C., insects from, 381. Williston [S. W.] cited, 228, 233. Willow insects; Cladius viminalis, 224. Dynastes Tityus, 253. Lina scripta, 219. Wire worms, 337, 360. Wisner [A. B.] cited, 321. Woodbridge, T. Reed, insects from, 383. Wood’s Insects at Home cited, 279, 284. Wood’s New American Botanist and Florist cited, 285.3 229, 230, ag awe | Theodore, cited,280. | | Xylinal Conti: a4 on Bruchus infested beans, 267, 268. eS Be |. 34 “uninoda, ol - Woolly-bears, 225, 228, 368, Se ae ) Woolsey, Miss A. H., insects from, 384(2), Work of the U. 8. Entomological racy | yellow bear, 305. sion, 878. ..; x Yellow-jacket, 229. — te : Yellows in peach, 351. _- Xanthomelena, Galeruca, 217, 336. Yellow woolly-bear, 304, 305. --- Xyleborus pyri, 361. - Zee, Sphenophorus, 376. ‘Zimmermani, Pinipestis, 373. Zinnia: insect attacking Spi _ainica, Aue ss pyri= dispar, 348, 370. Rei dispar, 383. —_ obesus, 350. Xylina lambda var. Thaxteri, 375. lepida, 375. -\. eee = i ee KRRATA IN 5, read, Abbotii, Thyreus, 3, read, Americana, Clisiocampa, read, aquilonaris, Cerura, read, Arctia * * * Pyrrharctia 386, read, armiger, Heliothis, 386, read, Barley * * *; Cephus _ 387, read, [Bibliography of] es septendecim, 387, read, Brizo, Nisoniades, 387, read, Bruchus — (Continued), “ 388, read, [Cecidomyia] leguminicola, ie 388, read, Cephus pygmens, 388, read, Cicindela repanda, em read, Cinerarias: * * *; Phytomyza “389 read, Corn: * * *; Calandra 9, read, ee j ore * * * Cicada ‘3a, ie evecta, severe 391, read, Falconer [Wm.] 391, read, [Figure of] pupa of Dynastes Hyllus. ee opp. 250. 392, read, Graves, Mrs. H. D. 394, read, [Introduction of] * * Py tobia * Reama- j, read, lentis, Bruchus, 285-288. 5, read, Leucania unipuncta, . read, [Morning glory insects:| Coptocycla aurichalcea, : eee muscarum, Trombidium (without in- ~ INDEX. Page 396, read, Nephopteryx [Pinipestis} 396, read, New enemy of currant-worm, 396, read, [Nisoniades] Lucilius, 396, read, [Nisoniades] Pacuvius, 396, read, niveus, (canthus, 397, read, Pacuvius, Nisoniades, 398, read, [Peas:] scutellaris, 282. 398, read, Pigs * * * infested fruiis, 398. read, Pine insects: 398, read, Plant-lice * * * Phymata 398, read, Plum: insects attacking: 398, read, Poplar insects: 398, read, Potato insects : 398, read, [Potato insects :] Epicauta 398, read, [Potato insects:] Gortyna nitela, 398, read, [Preventives of] plum cureulio, ; 399, read, prolitica, Chloropisca, 399, read, punctatus, Phytonomus, 399, read, Quince: insects 399, read, Raspberry insects: 400, read, reticulatus, Cossus, 400, read, Rhubarb flowers 401, read, Rye insects: 401, read, scrophulariz, Anthrenus, 385, 364, ; 372, 373, 374, 377(2). 401, read, Siphonophora (in column 1). 401, indent, Hudson river brood. 402, read, spretus, Caloptenus, 402, read, stimulea, Empretia, 402, read, Strawberry insects: 402, read, strigosa, Thecla, 402, read, striolata (— vittata) 402, read, Sweet potato insects: 402, read, sylvatica, Clisiocampa, 403, read, Wheat insects: 404, read, Xylina unimoda, 375. (for lst and 2d lines). ; 404, read, Zinnia: insect attacking: a iJ bs Ft He eee S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES A 3 9088 01300 5632