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OF THE

State of New-Dork,

CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

or

| NATURAL HISTORY,

AND THE

— HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

-ANNEXED THERETO.

Made io. the c Sonate, Saar J 18, 1854.

ALBANY:
ce I} ey

C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE, (|

iting are No. 407 Broadway. :
1854

‘Koes i { i aa

Semeu F. Bamp.

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF THE

State of New-) ork,

ON THE
CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

OF

PeivUnAL HISTORY,

AND THE

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

ANNEXED THERETO.

=~ _

Made to the Senate, January 18, 1854.

ALBANY:

€. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER. TO THE LEGISLATURE,
No. 407 Broadway.

ereeccccocse

a é ve si in .

: Oe:

{piel
TASC int |

*

State of New-York.

No. 50._

IN SENATE, JAN. 18, 1854.

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT.

TO THE HON. SANFORD E. CHURCH,

Lieutenant-Governor, and President of the Senate.

SIR :
I nave the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents
of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History, and
the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto

I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
January 13, 1854.

| Senate No. 50.] 1 | u.n.&8001.1500r. |

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Tene wrens

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a» oe Lassestei Dey talib ome eat ny
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), ute

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1854.

GERRIT Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
JOHN GREIG, Vice-Chancellor.

HORATIO SEYMOUR, Governor, ez officto.
SANFORD E. CHURCH, Lieutenant-Governor, ex officio.
ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State, ex officio.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.
JOHN K. PAIGE.
ERASTUS CORNING.
PROSPER M. WETMORE.
JOHN L. GRAHAM.
JOHN M‘LEAN.
GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.
DAVID BUEL.
JAMES S. WADSWORTH.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.
JABEZ D. HAMMOND, LL.D.
JOHN L. O’SULLIVAN.
ROBERT CAMPBELL.
Rev. SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
PHILIP 8S. VAN RENSSELAER.
Rev. JOHN N. CAMPBELL, D.D.
T. ROMEYN BECK, Secretary.

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE REGENTS,

SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET.

1853,
HORATIO SEYMOUR, Governor.
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL.D., Secretary of State.
ERASTUS CORNING.
JOHN M‘LEAN.
JAMES S. WADSWORTH.

1854,

HORATIO SEYMOUR, Governor.

ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State.
ERASTUS CORNING.

JOHN K. PAIGE.

JOHN L. O’SULLIVAN.

JOHN GEBHARD sontor, Curator.
JAMES A. HURST, Tasxidermist.

REPORT.

TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.

The Regents of the University
RespecTFULLY REPRESENT :

That the additions made to the State Cabinet of Natural History,
-and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto,
during 1853, have been numerous and valuable.

The publication of the Catalogue of its contents explained, more
fully thah could otherwise be done, the deficiencies still existing ;
and the Committee of the Regents, specially charged with its care,
have endeavored to supply these gradually as well as permanently.

A few mammalia and birds have been furnished by the author-
ised collector, and also some by donation ; but as these departments
are comparatively complete, the number thus obtained has been
small. Attention may be here directed to the plaster cast of one of
the molar teeth of the American Elephant, presented by Dr. Green
of Cortland county. '

The collection of Fishes and Reptiles, however, from untoward
circumstances occurring several years since, was small, imperfect,
and not sufficiently named. Advantage was taken of an offer from
the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, to furnish, at a liberal
price, specimens of those native to our own State, duplicates of
which had been collected, preparatory to a museum of' those in the
United States generally. The number purchased (63 fishes and 36
reptiles), properly named, and referring when necessary to the
nomenclature used by Dr. Dexay in his “Ichthyology of New-
York,” will be seen in the appendix to this report.

Professor Spencer F. Barr, an eminent naturalist, has, also, by
request, forwarded a monograph of the serpents found in this State

8 [Senate

With the progress of investigation, new species have been dis-
covered, existing errors pointed out, and the whole subject thus
generally reviewed. Several years have now elapsed, since the
State work on this branch was published; and the Regents have
conceived it to be their duty to keep pace with the advancement
of knowledge, and to furnish at a cheap rate what may be con-
sidered as a necessary appendage to the “ Natural History of New-
York.” The two plates accompanying the memoir have been paid
for from the annual appropriation, and 1000 copies of each ob-
tained. eT

Dr. Cuartes Martin, of the United States Navy, has been a
most liberal donor. The large number of Shells given by him, and
obtained from distant localities, comprise many rare and valuable
specimens. Thanks are especially due for his remembrance of the
public institutions of his native State. ;

To the Botanical Collection (at present the most complete in the
Cabinet), a few specimens have been furnished by Dr. Franxiiy
B. Hoveu. ;

In consequence of the death of Mr. Marsn, of Massachusetts,.
his museum, containing many of those remarkable impressions on
stone which are deemed to be the foot-tracks of quadrupeds and
‘birds, was offered for sale. The Curator was duly authorised to
make purchases from these, and also of fossil fishes, to a moderate
amount, and which he accomplished, and they are now in the Cabi-
net. From the localities in which they were obtained being so near
to the State of New-York, it was judged proper to procure them as
' a complement to what is already considered as an American Geo-
logical Museum.

For probably the most curious single specimen presented, the
Regents are indebted to the agency of M. Varremare. It consists
of the rock called micaceous gneiss, perforated by a small shell-
fish, Pholas dactylws. The shell remains in the specimen. A more
particular description will be found in the appendix. M. Caiuraup,
a French naturalist, the discoverer, is the donor.

The additions in the Department of Mineralogy are interesting.
At the sale of Mr. Marsn’s effects, a large number of the quartz
erystals of Herkimer county, and which locality is in a measure
exhausted, were secured. From Orange and Ulster counties, two

No. 50.] 9

of the principal depositaries of rare minerals, a considerable num-
ber has been obtained. Some have been discovered subsequently to
the publication of the “‘ Mineralogy of New-York,” and others are
better specimens than those now in the Cabinet. Several beautiful
ones from a mine lately opened at Ellenville, Ulster county, have
also been purchased.

As appertaining to this department, the Regents take great
pleasure in noticing the donation of Professor Grorer H. Coox,
late of the Albany Academy, and now of Rutgers College, New-
Jersey. Engaged under the patronage of the State, in making
scientific examinations relative to improvements in the manufac-
ture of salt, he not long since made a visit to Europe, and, during
his tour, inspected many of the salt-works in England, France,
Holland and Belgium. He brought with him many specimens of
rock-salt, and also of the manufactured article : a full series, both
foreign and domestic, collected by himself and others, and amount-
ing to 114 in number, have been presented by him. To increase their
utility, he has communicated a paper, containing an analysis of
‘most of those, which, to us, have peculiar interest as products of
this State.

Mstorical and Antiquarian Collection.

Mr. Wittiam C. Bryant, of Albion, Orleans county, has pre-
sented some forty specimens of Indian Relics, found in the western
part of this State.

A collection of Indian Remains, amounting to several hundred,
from the Valley of the Connecticut, and obtained by the late Mr.
Marsu, has also been purchased.

Valuable as is thus the increase of the State Museum, and in-
teresting as it must prove to all visiting it, the Regents are again
constrained to press on the attention of the Legislature the neces-
sity of enlarged accommodations. In this way, alone, can a proper
arrangement be ensured, and a full effect be given to the useful
and honorable objects for which it was instituted.

By Order of the Regents of the University.

G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
T. ROMEYN BECK, Secretary.

ACCOUNT CURRENT.

The Regents of the University, in account current with the appro-
priation for preserving and increasing the “ State Cabinet of
Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection

annexed thereto,” and for defraying the incidental expenses of
the same.

DR.
1852,
Dec. 10. To balance of former appropriation remaining in bank
(See Senate Documents of 1853, No. 16, p.15).. $169 11

1853,
Jan. 4. To annual appropriation for 1853............... 800 00
Nov. 7. To annual appropriation for 1854, as per supply bill
(Session Laws of 1853, p. 1157) . st ala bistecae stats 800 00
$1769 11
CR.
18538,

Mar. 12. By cash paid J. Gladding for glazing.......No. 1, $2 88
April12. By cash paid W. Boardman, case for preserved ani-

BNL] Shi estan ss fined caus stots. dhs vlteas «Moen rane No. 2, 6 15
at By cash paid James Hall, black bear veseicee No. 38, 25 00
. By cash paid John Paterson, for preparing a cata-

logue of the State Cabinet ......... No. 4(a), 40 00
e By cash paid C. Van Benthuysen, in part printing

Sal CatAOUUE a. sce cs ecicerie dp oes No. 4(8), 60 00

June 8, By cash paid J. A. Hurst as taxidermist, salary six
months from Dec. 1, 1852, to June 1, 1853: No. 5, 100 00

ss By cash paid J. A. Hurst for animals preserved :

male porcupine, red fox, opossum, and various

(aids and Tentles os oes aie wine a eeamee No. 6, 90 50
Sept. 5. By cash paid J. A. Hurst : salary from June 1 to
Senta MO Oot... wid ye bis oe peep eM No. 7, 50 00

Sept.24. By cash paid the estate of Deere Marsh, for geo-
logical specimens (bird-tracks and fossil fishes),

$177 50
Collection of indian relics from the val-
ley of the Connecticut ...... ee 25 00
Minerals and miscellaneous .......... 2 95
No. 8, 205 45

? Carried forward...

Oct.

Dee.

Dec.

al.

11

[Brought forward. .
By cash paid for travelling expenses of Mr. Geb-
hard, in making the above purchase, and trans-

portation of the same.......... sieves «NO. 9, 27 65
By cash paid contingent expenses (3 vouchers), No.10, 15 00
By cash paid Chalmers’ Algee Scoticee....(No. 11, 5 00
By cash paid Silas C. Horton, for a collection of

minerals from Orange county......... No. 12, 50 00

By cash paid B. P. Johnson, for a glass case to con-

tain Dr. Martin’s eallecuion of shells....No. 18, 15 00
By cash paid contingent expenses ; bottles for Prof.

Cook’s salt. collection, and freight .....No. 14, 18 79
By cash paid for minerals from Ellenville, Ulster

COUN yale erepelesereieerciclcreieiscaie eioie ore aes No. 15, 30 00
By cash paid Prof, Baird (Smithsonian Institution,

Washington) and others, for a collection of fishes

found in the State of New-York, glass jars and

alcohol ..ob:.. dideis ater: laa hnartee eis $191 25

For drawing and engraving and printing

1000 copies of two plates of the reptiles

found in the State of New-York.... 50 00

(For the annual report of 1854) No. 16,
By cash for contingent expenses (5 vouchers) : al-

cohol and glass jars for fishes, freight, ete. No.17, 25 23

241 25

By balance to new account ......ees00- dass hay 761 21
$1769 11
(COPY.)

Arpany Crry Bank. January 4, 1854. I certify that there is the sum of
seyen hundred and sixty-one 21-100 dollars standing to the credit of the State
Cabinet of Natural History, on the books of this bank.

(Signed) 4H. H. MARTIN, Cashier.

We have examined the above account, and find it correct. The
payments have been made by order of the standing committee, and
are accompanied with proper vouchers.

HORATIO SEYMOUR,
ERASTUS CORNING,
HENRY S. RANDALL.

aA oO Se

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.

Catalogue of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, added
to the State Cabinet from January 1, 1853, to January 1, 1854.

Catalogue of mollusca, crustacea, etc. do. . .do.

Additions to the botanical department, do. do.

Catalogue of minerals, geological specimens and fossils, do. do.

Additions to the historical and antiquarian collection, do. do.

Communication from Professor Coox, on the specimens of salt and salt
water presented by him, with an analysis of most of the same.

On the Serpents of New-York, with a notice of a species not hitherto
included in the Fauna of the State : By Spencer F. Bairp.

. Chronological order of publication of, the volumes of the Natural His-

tory of New-York.

. Materials received at the State Geological Rooms, towards the volumes

now printing on Insects and Palzontology.

Sloosndis.

ra

CATALOGUE

OF THE

QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS,
FISHES, &e.

ADDED TO THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1853, TO JANUARY 1, 1854.

+ 7 “ u

Roan ikasrr) 10 TED

MAMMATIA.

ORDER MARSUPIATA.
FAMILY DIDELPHIDA.
ZooLocy — Part I.

DIDELPHIs VIRGINIANA, American Opossum (female). - - - - p.3

ORDER CARNIVORA
FAMILY MUSTELIDA.

Purorius NOVEBORACENSIs, New-York Ermine. - - - - - = 36
(Spring dress.) Presented by HerMAN WENDELL, M.D., of Albany.
FAMILY CANIDA.

VULPES FULVUS, Red Fox (male). - - - - - - - 44

ORDER RODENTIA.
FAMILY SCIURIDA.

Sciurvs vULPINUS, Fox Squirrl. - - - - - + + + 59
This specimen was shot in Hoosick, Rensselaer county, by Isaac B.
LorrripGE, and by him presented to the State Cabinet.

FAMILY HYSTRICIDA.

HystTRix HUDSONIUS, North-American Porcupine (male). - TT
Very large.

ORDER UNGULATA.

FAMILY ELEPHANTIDA.
ELEPHAS AMERICANUS, American Elephant. - - - - - I01
Plaster cast of one of the molar teeth. Presented by CALEB GREEN,
M.D., of Homer, Cortland county, N.Y.
The following is a copy of the letter of Dr. GREEN, accompanying
the specimen :

16 [SenaTE

Homer, February 1, 1853.
MR. GEBHARD :

Dear Sir —I[ send you, to be placed in the State Cabinet of Natural History,
a cast of one of the molar teeth of the Elephas americanus. The original was
found, in the summer of 1847, in the bank of a small stream about two and a
half miles northwest of Homer. The stream had washed away a partof the bank,
and left a part of the tooth exposed, lying about twenty inches below the sur-
face, in an alluvial formation resting on a gravel base. The tooth is in a good
state of preservation, the grinding surface of the crown retaining its polish, etc.
The original is in the cabinet of Cortland Academy, in this village.

Respectfully yours,
C. GREEN.

BIRDS.

ORDER ACCIPITRES.
FAMILY STRIGIDA.
Zoowocr — Parr if.

SuRNIA NYCTEA, Snowy Owl.- - - - = - = = p.22
Presented by THuRrLOW WEED, esquire, of Albany. ;

ORDER GALLINA.
FAMILY PHASIANIDA.

MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO, Wild Turkey (male). - - - - - 199
Presented by THURLOW WEED, esquire, of Albany.
In addition to the above, Mr. Wzxp has also presented to the Cabinet
two beautiful specimens of the English Pheasant.

ORDER GRALLA.

FAMILY GRUIDA.

ARDEA LEUCE, Great White Heron. - + = = = 220

This specimen was taken at Schodack, Rensselaer county, by HENRY
GarpNeR, and by him presented to the Cabinet.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDA.

NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS, Long-billed Curlew (male). - - - 2382

ORDER LOBIPEDES.
; FAMILY PODICIPIDA.

PopIcEPS ERUBRICOLLIS, Red-necked Grebe (male). - - - 276

[Senate No. 50.] 2

18 [SenaTs

AMPHIBIA.

FAMILY SALAMANDRIDA.
Zooznocy — Part Yi.

SALAMANDRA sUBVIOLACEA, Véolet-colored Salamander (male). - p. 74

FISHES.

FAMILY PLANIDA.
Zootocy — Part IV.

AcHIRUS MOLLIS, New-York Sole - - - - - = p. 308

This specimen was caught in the Hudson river, near the city of
Albany, on the 18th day of January 1853, by Isaac V. FryzR,
and by him presented to the State Cabinet.

From R. P. Stevens, of Ceres, Allegany county, New-York.

Two species of Corrus, from a small tributary of the Oswego creek,
town of Little-Genesee, Allegany county (N.Y.), not described
in DEexay’s Zoology.

The following is Mr. Strvens’s communication on the subject :

No. 56.] 19

Ceres, Allegany County, N.Y.

July 7, 1852.
MR. GEBHARD, Curator-of the State Museum.

Dear Sir — In the work of the late Dr. Dexay on the Zoology of the State,
he describes only one species of Corrus ( Cottus gracilis of Hecke, & CHARLES
GiRazkD), under the Genus URANEDEA, viz. Uranidea quiescens, the Little Star-
gazer (See Zoology, Part iv, p. 61). I have found two in the tributaries of the
Allegany river in this county. One is probably the C. wilsonwi, yet appears to
be somewhat different. It has three pairs of tubular nostrils, or two with one
pair of mucous follicles, very large, in the same line. Pectorals with fourteen
rays : the longest, viz. 4th, 5th and 6th, counting from above, bifid; lower
ones mucronate, and turned upwards; dorsal 8-17, the 10th and 11th bifid;
anal 13, caudal 13, and much divided at their extremities. Color, around the
snout and edges of the head, very black; head, a little lighter; body a shade or
two lighter, going towards the tail. Underneath, the color is silvery grey, with
borders of mouth darker. First dorsal beautifully tipped with red.

The next species I am not able yet to identify with any described by Girarp.
It is very different from the above in color, being much lighter: nostrils not
tubular, only two; no raysof the fins bifid. A specimen before me, nearly three
inches in length, has the following characteristics and measurements: Head 0°6
long, greatest width 0:7; isthmus 0°3; eyes large, nearly oval 0-1, bright and
just over the angles of the mouth; interorbital space 0:3. Tail, length 0:5:
pectoral little over 0°4; anal little over 0°7; branchial 0-7; dorsal little over
0°3 — 0:9. Vent about midway from head to base of caudal rays. Greatest width
of body at the origin of the branchial, 0-6; at the origin of the tail, 0-1; dorsal
7 — space 0-1; second dorsal 17, branchial 14, pectoral 5, anal 12; candal
pectoral reach to the vent. The propercular spine has a broad base, wider than
long, delicately tipped, turning backwards and upwards: rudiments of another,
a little below; opercular spine delicate and subdermous. Color lightish grey; on
back, darker; on head, very light, almost white. Under the lens, the color seems
_ caused by minute black points on a white ground. First dorsal dark, nearly
black, and delicately tipped with rufous.

Yours truly, R. P. STEVENS.
APRIL 25, 1853.

P.S. i send by Prof. James Hau a suit of specimens, described as above,
young and old. Of the C. wilsonii, there is not, a specimen of full age and
growth.

28 [Senare

LIST OF FISHES AND REPTILES,
INHABITING THE STATE OF NEW-YORK;

SENT TO THE NEW-YORK STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,
BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, IN DECEMBER 1853.

FISHES. ’
Zootoc¥ — Part IV.
1 Perca Fuavescens, Cur. et Val. The American Yellow Perch.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, page 3, plate 1, fig. 1. Oswego; Seneca lake;
Lake Sanford; Lake Champlain; Lake Erie, 8S. F. Bamp; and Saint-
Lawrence, near Ogdensburgh, W. HE. Grizst.

2 Piteoma sEmirasciatum. The Champlain Pickering.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 16, pl. 50, f. 162. Lake Champlain,
SB). Be

3 Pexcopsis PELLUCIDA, Thomps.
Ehzabethtown, Essex county, N.Y. 8S. F.B.
4 Laprax Lineatus, Cuv.et Val. The Striped Sea-bass.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 7, pl. 1, f.3. New-York bay. S. F. B.
5 Laprax muntinineatus, Kirtl.
Lake Erie. S. F. B.
6 Luctorerca americana, Cuy. et Val. The Yellow Pike-perch.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 17, pl. 50, f. 163. Lake Champlain, S.F.B.
7 Luctoperca caNaDENsIs, H. Smith.
Lake Hrie. S.F.B.
8 Grysrzs z Lake Hrie. 5. F. B.

9 GrystTEs Fasciatus, Agass. The Black Freshwater Bass.

Centrarchus fasciatus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 28, pl. 3, f. 8.
Lake Erie, Lake Champlain, and New-York State. S. F. B.

10 CEenTRopRISTIs NIgRICANS, Cuy.et Val. The Black Sea-bass.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 24, pl. 2, f.5. New-York bay. 8S. F. B.

11 Cenrrarcuus mnevs, Cuy. et Val. Freshwater Bass.

Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 27, pl. 2, f.4. Lake Erie; Lake Cham-
plain; Lake George; Geneva, N.Y. S.F.B.

No. 50.] 24

12 CENTRARCHUS HEXACANTHUS, Val. Lake Erie. S. F. B.

12 Pomotis vunearis, Cuy. et Val. The Common Pond-fisk.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 31, pl. 51, £166. Lake Erie, Lake -
Champlain and Lake George. S. F. B.
44 Pomoris m=canotis? Rafin. luake George. S. F. B.

15 Pomotis aprenpix? Dekay. The Bilack-eared Pond-fish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 32. Coxsackie, N.Y. 8. ¥.B.

46 Corrus eracitis, Heck. The Litile Stargazer.
Uranidea quiescens, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 61, pl. 5, f. 14.
Root’s tavern, Hudson-river basin. S. F. B.
17 TricLorsis THomrsonn, Girard. Take Ontario. §S. F. B.
18 GastTzrosTeus INcoNsTANS, Kirti. Oswego. 8. F. B.

19 Corvina oscuna, Cuv. et Val. The Lake Sheepshead.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 73, pl. 21, f.63. Lake Hrie. §. F. B.

20 Letostomus opziquus, Dekay. The Lafayette.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 60, pl. 69, f.195. New-York bay. S.F.B;

21 Umprina asurnus, Cuv. et Val. The King-jish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 78, pl. 7, f. 20. New-York bay. S. F. B.

22 Pacrus arcvgors, Cuy. et Val. The Big Porgee.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 95, pl. 9, f. 25. New-York bay. S. F. B.

23 Tzmnopon sattator, Cuv. et Val. -The Blue-fish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 130, pl. 26, f.81. New-York bay. S.F.B.

23 bis. Pepritus rriacantuus, Storer. The Short-finned Harvest-fish.
Rhombus triacanthus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 137, pl. 26, f. 80.
New-York bay. S. F. B.
24 Barracuus tau, Cuv. et Val. Zhe Common Toad-fish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 168, pl. 28, f. 80. New-York bay. S.F.B.

25 CrenoLaprus ceruLEUS, Dekay. The Common Bergail.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 172, pl. 29, f. 93. New-York bay. S.F.B.

26 Tauvroca americana, Dekay. The New-York Tautog.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 175, pl. 14, £39. New-York bay. S.F.B.

27 Pimetopus catus, Cuv. et Val. The Common Catfish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 182, pl. 37, f. 119. Summerville, Saint-
Lawrence county, N.Y. Dr. ¥. B. Houas.
28 Pimetopus cracitis, Hough. Common Catfish.

This species occurs in the Oswegatchie, Indian and other rivers tributary
to the St. Lawrence, and in several of the smaller lakes of St.Lawrence
and Jefferson. counties. Dr. F. B. Houes.

99 [Sewate

89 ScterocNatTHus cyprinus, Val. The Long-finned Chubsucker.
Labeo cyprinus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 194, pl. 77, £. 243. Lake

Erie. S. F.B
20 Carosromus MELANoPs, Rafin. Lake Erie. 8S. F. B.
31 Carostomus communis ? Lesueur. Lake Erie. S. F. B.

82 Catosromus communis, Lesu. The Common Sucker.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 196, pl. 33, f. 106. Otsego lake. S. F. B-

83 Catostomus AvuREoLuUs, Lesu. The Mullet Sucker. .
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 201, pl. 42, f.1388. Lake Erie. §. F.B.

34 CaTosToMUS FLOREALIS, new spec.
Elizabethtown, Essex county, N.Y. 8. F.B.

$5 Carostomus eipposus, Lesu. The Gibbous Chubsucker.
Labeo gibbosus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 194, pl. 32, f- 101. Lake
Krie and Albany, N.Y. S. F. B.
36 Carostomus TERES, Lesu. Lake Champlain. 8. F. B.

387 Catostomus PaLuipus, Dekay. The Pale Sucker.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 200, pl. 33, f. 104. Coxsackie; Trout

brook, emptying into Lake George; Four-mile creek, Oswego; Root’s
tavern, Hudson-river basin. §-F. B.-

88 Leuciscus AMERICANUS, Storer. The New-York Shiner.

. Stilbe chrysolewcas, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 204, pl. 29, f. 91.
Cayuga lake, W. Hopxins; and Lake Champlain, S. F.B.

89 Leuciscus puLCHELLUs, Storer. The Roach Dace.

peat ONE i Fauna, p. 208. St. Lawrence, below Ogdensburgh.

40 Levciscus cornutus, Dekay. The Red-fin.

Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 207, pl. 29, f. 92. Lake Champlain, and
Four-mile creek, Oswego. S. F. B.

“41 Leuciscus nupsonicus, Dekay. The Spawneater.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 206, pl. 34, f.109. Geneva, N.Y. S. F.B.

42 Leuciscus nitipus, Dekay. The Shining Dace.
eae a lata Fauna, pa. 209, pl. 34, f. 105. Lake Champlain.
oo B.F. B.

43 Leuciscus ROSACEUS, hew spec.
Root’s tavern, Hudson-river basin. S. F. B.

44 LeEuciscus PALEI, new spec.
Elizabethtown, Essex county, N.Y. S. F. B.

. 45 ExocLossum LESuEURIANUM, Rafin.

Coxsackie, N. Y.; Root’s tavern, Hudson river; Geneva, N.Y., and
Sacket’s-harbor, Lake Ontario. 8. F. B.j

No. 50.] 23

46 Mezanura fusca, Agass.ms. The Champilaen Minnow.
Hydrargira atricauda, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 220. Burlington,
Lake Champlain. Rev. Z. Tompson.
47 Metanura pyem#a, Agass. ms. The Pigmy Dace.
Leuciscus pygmeus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 214, pl. 42, f. 134.
Rockland county. J. G. BExt.
48 Menanura wineata, Agass. ms.
Oswego, N.Y. S.F.B.

49 Saumo Fontinais, Mitch. The Brook Trout.

Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 235, pl. 38, f. 120. Madrid, N.Y. &.
A. Dayton.

50 Osmerus viripEscens, Lesu. The American Smelt.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 243, pl. 39, f.124. N. York bay. S.P.B.

51 CorEconus ausus, Lesu. The White-fish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 247, pl. 60, f. 198. Lake Erie. S. F. B.

52 Corzconus otseco, Dekay. The Otsego Shad-salmon.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 248. Otsego lake. S.F.B.

58 CHaressus ELLIPTicus, Kiril. Lake Erie. S. F. B.

54 Hyopon terarsus, Lesu. The River Mooneye.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 265, pl. 41, f. 130. Lake Erie. 8. F.B.

55 Amita canina, Val. Lake Erie. S. F. B.
56 LeEpiposTEUS HURONENSIS, Rich. a Lake Erie. S. F. B.

57 Lora macutosa, Rich. The Spotted Burbot.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 284, pl. 52, f. 168. Lake Erie, Dr. Kirr-
LAND; and Madrid, N.Y., HK. A. Dayton.
58 Piatessa pLANA, Storer. The New-York Flatfish.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 295, pl. 48, f. 154, and pl. 49, f. 158.
New-York bay. 8. F.B.
59 Praressa optonea, Mitch. The Oblong Flounder.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 299, pl. 48, f. 156. N. York bay. S. F. B.

60 Ruomsus macutatus, Gd. ms. The Spotted Turbot.

Pieuronectes maculatus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 301, pl. 47, f.
151. New-York bay. S. F.B.

61 Acuirus motus, Cuv. The New-York Sole.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 803, pl 49, f. 159. N. York bay. S. F, B.

62 AncuILLA rostrata? Dekay. The Beaked Eel.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, p. 312. Madrid, N.Y. E. A. Darron.

63 Perromyzon argenratus, Kirtl. Lake Erie. 8S. F. B.

24 [SenaTE.

REPTILES.

Chelonians,
1 Trionyx FEROx, Say. The Soft-shelled Turtle.
“Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 6, pl. 6, f.11. Foxburg, Pa. S. F.B.

ZooLoey — Part IIE.

2 Eimys munLeNBERGU, Lee. Muhlenberg’s Tortoise.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 17, pl. 8, f.15. Pennsylvania. S. F. B.

Ophidians.
8 AcxKIsTRopoN contorTRIx, B.& G. The Copperhead.
Trigonocephalus contoririx, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 53, pl..9, f
. 18. Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Kirtnanp.
4 Hereropon PLAtTyruHINos, Latr. The Hog-nosed Snake.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 61, pl. 13, f. 28. York county, Pa. 8.F.B.

4 Evrainia sirtaus, B.& G. The Striped Snake.
Tropidonotus tenia, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 43, pl. 13, f. 27.
Westport, N.Y. S.F. B.
6 Burainsa savrira, B.& G. The Ribbon-snake.
Leptophis saurita, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 47, pl. 11, f. 24.
Westport, N.Y. 8S. F. B.
7 Neropia sipepon, B.& G. The Watersnake.
Tropidonotus sipedon, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 42, pl. 14, f. 31.
Carlisle, Pa. S. F. B.
8 Recina teperis, B.& G. The Yellow-bellied Snake.
Tropidonotus leberis, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 45, pl. 11, f. 28.
Carlisle, Pa. S. F. B.
‘9 Bascanton constrictor, B.& G. The Blacksnake.
Coluber constrictum, Dekay, New York Fauna, pa. 85, pl. 10, f. 20.
Carlisle, Pa. §. F. B. :
10 Opuizotus Extmivs, B.& G. The Milksnake.
Coluber eximiws, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 38, pl. 12, f. 25. West-
port, N.Y. S.F.B. :
11 Centura ama@na, B.& G. The Red-snake.
Calamaria amena, Dekay, New-York Fauna, p.49. Carlisle, Pa. 8.F.B

2 CuHtorosoma VERNALIS, B. & G. The Grass-snake.
Coluber ve nalis, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 40, pl. 11, f. 22. West:
port, N.Y. §.F.B. :
18 Diapornis punctatus, B. & G. The'Ring-snake.
Coluber punctatus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 39, pl. 14, f. 29.
Carlisle, Pa. §. F. B.
*

No. 50.] 25

14 Sroreria vexayi, B.& G. The Small Brown-snake.
Tropidonotus dekayt, Storer. Dekay, Now-York Fauna, pa. 49, pl. 14,
f. 30. Massachusetts. 8S. F. B.
15 Srorerra occirrro-macuLata, B. & G.

Adirondack, N.Y., Ropmrt Ciark; Salem, Washington county, N.Y.,
ASA Fircn, M. D.

Saurians,

16 Puestiopon Fasciatus, Holbr. The Blue-tailed Skink.

Scincus fasciatus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 29, pl. 8, f.17. Mis-
Sissippi. Dr. SHUMARD.

Batrachians,

17 Hynopes erytius, Holbr. The Cricket Hylodes.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 70, pl. 22, f.61. Carlisle, P. S. F. B.

18 Hyza picxerinen, B.& G. Pickering’s Hylodes.
Hylodes pickeringii, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 69, pl. 20, f. 51.
Carlisle, Pa. 8S. F. B.
19 AMBLYSTOMA PUNCTATUM, Bd.
Louisiana. JAMES Farin.

20 AMBLYsTOMA LURIDUM, Bd.
Racine, Wisc. Dr. P. R. Hoy.

21 AmBLystoma opacum, Bd.
Louisiana. JAMES FArRiz.

23 DesmoGNatTuus Piscus, Bd.
Carlisle, Pa. S.F.B.

24 Hemipactytum scuratum, Toch.
Illinois. R. W. Kennicutt.

25 PLernopon exutinosus, Toch. The Blue-spotted Salamander.
Salamandra glutinosa, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 81, pl. 17, f. 42.
Carlisle, Pa. 8S. F. B.
26 PLeTHODON ERYTHRONOTUS, Bd. The Red-backed Salamander.
Salamandra erythroncta, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 75, pl. 16, f.
38. Ceres, N.Y. Dr. R. P. Stevens.

27 PLeTsopon cinereus, Toch. Carlisle, Pa. S. F. B.

28 Pseuporriton satmoneus, Bd. The Salmon-colored Salamander.
Salamandra salmonea, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 76, pl. 16, f. 39.
Carlisle, Pa. S.F.B.
29 PsevpoTRITON RuUBER, Toch. The Red Salamander.

Salamandra rubra, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 80, pl. 17, f. 43.
Carlisle, Pa. S.F.B.

26 | Senate

80 NoTopHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS, Bd. The Crimson-spotted Triton.
Triton millepunctatus, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 84, pl, 15, f. 34.
Carlisle, Pa. S. F. B.
31 NoropHTHaLmus miniatus, Rafin. The Yellow-bellied Salamander.
Salamandra symmetrica, Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 73, pl. 15, f. 33.
Ceres, N.Y. Dr. R. P. Stevens.
382 SpELERPES LoneicauDA, Bd. The Long-tailed Salamander.
Salamandra longicauda, Dekay, ME SE Fauna, pa.78, pl. 17, f. 41.
Carlisle, Pa. S.F.B.
33 SPELERPES BILINEATA, Bd. The Striped-back Salamander.
Salamandra bilineata, seers New-York Fauna, pa. 79, pl. 28, f. 67.
Westport, N.Y. S.F.B
34 MeENorpoMA ALLEGHANIENSIS, Barnes. The Allegany Hellbender.
Dekay, New-York Fauna, pa. 89, pl. 18, f.44. Foxburg, Pa. S. F. B.

385 MENOBRANCHUS MACULATUS, Barnes.
Burlington, Vt. Rey. Z. THOMPSON.

386 MENoBRANCHUS LATERALIS, Harl. The Banded Proteus.

penay, New-York Fauna, pa. 87, pl. 18, f.45. Foxburg, Pa. Samus
Ox.

alopsndis.

=

CATALOGUE

OF THE

MOLLUSCA, CRUSTACEA, &c.

ADDED TO THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY J, 1853, TO JANUARY 1 1854.

ASST
ena ieee ge a
fray ‘ We

a

Lanai ioasrek xo anteny:

CONCHOLOGY.

CATALOGUE OF SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO THE STATE CABINET
BY Dr. CHARLES MARTIN, OF THE U.S. NAVY.

(ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF LAMARCK.)

CLASS I. ANNELIDES.

FAMILY AMPHITRITAA.

SaBELLARIA crassissima. The Strong Sabellaria.

CLASS IJ. CIRRHIPEDES.

BaLanus TINTINNABULUM. The Little-bell Balanus.

ANATIFERA LEVIS, 3 sp. The Smooth Anatifera.

CLASS III. CONCHIFERA.

FAMILY TUBICOLA.

ASPERGILLIUM JavANUM. The Java Watering pot-shell.

FAMILY SOLENIDES.
SoLEN RADIATUS.

30

FAMILY NYMPHACEA.

PsaAMMOBIA CAURULESCENS.

PsaAMMoBIA ——.

PsaMMoBIA ——.

TELLINA RADIATA, The Radéated Tellen..
TELLINA ——, 4 specimens.

TELLINA ——.

TELLINA ——.

TELLINA ——.

TELLINA ——.

Trina ——.

Capsa Lavieata. The Smooth Capsa.

FAMILY CONCHACEA.

CYTHEREA MACULATA.

CYTHEREA :

OVIHEREA -———,
VENUS VERRUCOSA.
VENUS PAPILIONACEA

VENus ——, 2 sp.

VENUS ——.
VENUS ——.
VENUS ——.
VENUs ——.
VENUS ——.

FAMILY CARDIACEA.

CaRpium caRDissa, 2 sp. Venus’s Heart.
CARDIUM RETUSUM.

Carpium ——, 5 sp.

CarDIUM ——.

CarDIuM ——.

Carpium ;
Tsocarpia MoLTKIANA. The Heart Isocardia.

[Senate

No. 50.] 31

| FAMILY ARCACEHA.
CucULLEA AURICULIFERA, 2 sp. The Eared Cucullea,
Arca nox. WNoah’s Ark.
Arca Tortuosa. The Twisted Ark.

ARCA INDICA, 2 sp.

ARCA

ARCA

ARCA

PEcTUNCULUS

PEcTUNCULUS

FAMILY CHAMACEA.
CHaMA Lazarus, 2sp. Lazarus's Chama.
Cuama ——,

CHama ——.,

FAMILY TRIDACNITES.

TRIDACNA SQUAMOSA.

Hipporus macuLatus, 4sp. The Spotted Hippopus.

FAMILY MYTILACEA.
MytiLus ERosus, 7 sp.
Moptona TULiIPA.
Pinna squamosa. The Scaly Pinna.
Pinna Nierina. The Black Pinna.

Pinna ——.

FAMILY MALLEACEA.
PERNA ——.
Mauievus atpus. The Hammer Oyster.

MELEAGRINA MARGARITIFERA. The Mother-of-pearl Oyster.

FAMILY PECTINIDES.
PECTEN PLEURONECTES, The Sole Scallop.
PEcTEN MAXIMUS.

PECTEN ,

32 [Senate

PLICATULA :

Sponpytus eaparopus. The Thorny Red Spondylus

SpPonDyLus

SpPonpDyLus

FAMILY OSTRACEA.
OstrEa ——.

ANomiA EPHIppium, 2sp. The Saddle Anomia.

CLASS IV. MOLLUSCA.

FAMILY PHYLLIDIACEA.

CuITon

spe

PateLLa. Hleven species.

FAMILY CALYPTRACKA.

FissURELLA > 28D.
FissuRELLA ——.
CREPIDULA , 4 sp.

FAMILY BULLAANA.
Buuta apiustre. The Streamer-like Bulla.

BuLLA AMPULLA, 4 sp.

FAMILY COLIMACHA.
HELIX HETEROCLITES. :

HELIX ALBOLABRIS.

HEuix from St. Domingo.
HeEtix ——.

HELix ——, 2 sp.

Hetix ——, 4 sp.

Heiix ——, 2 sp.

HELIx ——, 5 sp.

HeELtix ——, 4 sp.

Hetix ——.

CarocoLua Lapicipa. The Stone Carocolla.

7
./

CarocoLta ——,
Pura mumia, dsp. The Double-toothed Pupa.
Buuimus nzmastomus. The Rose-lipped Bulimus.

Buuimvus

, 3 Sp.
AcHATINA ZEBRA, 2 sp. The Zebra Achatina.
Acuatina virginia. The Virginian Achatina.

Avricuna jupDzA. Judas’s Ear.

FAMILY NERITACEA.

NerITINA ZEBRA. The Zebra or Striped Neritina.

NERiTINA ——, 2 sp.
NERiTIna ——.
NeririIna ——, 4 sp.
Neritins ——, 9 sp.
NERITinA ——.
NeriTina ——, 5 sp.

Nerira PeLoronta. The Bleeding-iooth Nerita.

Nerira , 0 Sp.

NERITA , 2 sp.
NaticA MAMMILLA, Dsp. The Nipple Naticea.

Natica ZEBRA, Osp. The Zebra Natica.

Natica » 2 sp.
Natica DUPLICATA, 2 sp.
Natica ——, 2 sp.
Natica HEROS, 2 sp.
Natica ——, 2 sp.

Natica ‘

JANTHINA communis, 6 sp. The Common Janthina.

FAMILY MACROSTOMIDES.
SigaRETUS HALIoTOIDEUs. The Haliotis-shaped Sigaretus.
Hatiotis cananicunata, 4sp. The Ear-shell.

is

{ Senate No. 50.] or:

34 [Senate
FAMILY PLICACEA.

PyRaMIDELLA DoLABRATA. The Dentated Pyramidella.

FAMILY SCALARIDES.

ScaaRia PRETIoSA, 3 sp. The Precious Scalaria, or Winding
Stazrcase.
ScaLaria communis. Common Scalaria, or False Wentletrap.

DeELPHINULA LaciniaTA. The Fringed Delphinula.

FAMILY TURBINACEA.
SoLaRiuM PERSPECTIVUM, 2 sp. The Perspective Solarium.
RovELLA LINEOLATA.

RoreELLA ——.

RoteLia

Trocuus openiscus. The Obelisk Trochus.
TrocHus accLuTinans. The Agglutinating or Carrier Trochus.
TROCHUS MACULATUS, 2 Sp.
Trochus ——.

Trocuus -——.

Trocnus ——, 2 sp.

Trochus ——, 2 sp.

TrocHus ——.

Trocnus ——, 38 sp.

Trocuus ——.

TrocHus ——, 2 sp.

Trochus ——, 2 sp.

TrocHus , 2sp.

Turso pica, 2sp. The Magpie Turbo.

TuRBO

, o Sp.
TurBo ——, 3 sp.
-Turso ——, 5 sp.

TuRBO

TURRITELLA DUPLICATA.

TURRITELLA ——, 3 sp.

TURRITELLA ——.

FAMILY CANALIFERA.

CERITHUM sEMIGRANosUM. The Semigranulated Cerithum.

CERITHUM , 2 sp.
CERITHUM ——, 3 sp.
CreritHum ——, 2 sp.

PLEvRoTOMA BABYLONIcA. The Tower-of-Babel Pleurotoma.

PLEUROTOMA ——, 2 sp.

PLEUROTOMA ——.

TURBINELLA CORNIGER, 3 Sp.

TURBINELLA POLYGONIA.

CANCELLARIA RETICULATA, 3sp. The Reticulated Cancellaria.
Fasctonaria TuLIra, 3sp. The Tulip Fasciolaria.

PYRULA CANALICULATA, 8 sp.

PYRULA CARICA.

Pyruta Ficus. The Fig Pyrula.

PyrvuLa

, Sp.

Pyruba

» 2 sp.
RANELLA BECKII ( Kiener), 3 sp.
Murex PINNATUS.

Murex ——, 3 sp.

Murex ——.
Murex ——.
Murex ——.
-Murex ——.
Murex ——.
Murex :

TRITON SUCCINCTUM, 2 sp.
Triton anus. The Grinning Triton.

Triton ——.

3 6

TRiToN ——.
TRITON ——.
TRITON ——.
TRITON ——.
TRItoN ——.
TRITON ——.

Triton ——.

FAMILY ALATA.
PTEROCERAS AURANTIA, 9 Sp.
SrromBus AURIS-DIANZ. Diana’s-ear Strombus.
Srromsus LENTIGINosUs, 2 sp.
STRoMBUS VITTATUS.
STROMBUS LUHUANUS, 4 sp.

Strompus ——.

FAMILY PURPURIFERA.
Cassis TESTICULUS, 5 sp.
Cassis arEota. The Draftboard Cassis.
Cassis zEBRA. The Zebra Cassis.
Cassis ——.
Cassis ——.
Cassis ——.
PuRPuRA PATULA, 6 sp.
Purpura SERTUM.

PURPURA TEXTILOSA, 2 sp.

Purpura ——.
Pureura ——, 2 sp.
PuRPURA , 2sp.
MonocEras :

Harpa nositis, 6 sp. The Noble Harp.

Douium perpix. The Partridge Dolium.

[Senate

. No. 50.] 37

Do.ium

Buccinum papittosum. The Prickly-lip Buccinum.
EBURNA AREOLATA.

EBURNA GLABRATA, 8 Sp.

TEREBRA MACULATA, 3 sp. The Spotted Terebra.

TEREBRA ——.

FAMILY COLUMELLARIA.
Mirra Episcopauis. The Episcopal Mitre.

Mirra :

Mirra

Mirra

Voitvura zTHIoPica. The Hithiopian Volute.
VoLUTA VESPERTILIO, 4 sp.

VoLuTA UNDULATA, 2 sp.

VoLutTa

VoLutTa

FAMILY CONVOLUTA.
Ovuta votva. The Weaver's Shuttle.
Ovuta cisposa, 4 sp. The Belted Ovula.
CypR#A MAURITIANA.
CyPRA HISTRIO, 3 sp.
CYPRHA CAPUT-SERPENTIS. The Serpent’s-head Cyprea.
Cyprza ticris. The Tiger Cyprea.
CypR#A EUROPA.
CyPRHA LYNX, 2 sp.
CyPRMA RUVEI, 5 sp.
Cyprza mus, 4sp. The Mouse-colored Cyprea.
CyPREA ASELLUS, 2 sp.
CyYpR#A HELVEOLA.

CyPRzA

38 ‘[Senare’

Cyprza ——.
Cyprza ——.

Cyprma ——, 6 sp. (young shells).
Cyprm@A

Ottva unpata, 2sp. The Waved Olive.

Ouiva
Ouiva
Ouiva
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus

Conus

DACTYLEA, 9 sp.
UTRICULUS (varietas), 12 sp.

musTELInus. The Weasel Cone.
NEBULOSUS, 2 sp.

VERRICULUM, 2 sp.

BETULINUS, 2 sp.

NOCTURNUS, 2 sp,

FAMILY NAUTILACEA.

SprruLa PERONI. Peron’s Spirula,

Navritus pompitius. The Pompilius Nautilus,

j No. 50.] 39

FAMILY HETEROPODA.

ArGonauTa TUBERCULOSA. The Tuberculated Argonaut.

RADIATA.

CLASS ECHINODERMATA.

Six species of Ecuinus.

CLASS POLYPI.

SaRcinuLa MusicaLis. The Organ-pipe Coral.

CATALOGUE OF SHELLS

CONTRIBUTED TO THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY
OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,

FROM THE PRIVATE CABINET OF JAMES LEWIS, OF MOHAWK, N.Y.

5 _ Hasirar.
Pisipium PaLusTRE. Ditches and bogs, Mohawk.
Cycias sEcuRIs, 15 sp. Cambridge and Groton.

CycLas TRANSVERSA, 15 sp. Erie canal, Mohawk river, &c.

NO.
1
2
3
4 Cyctas ELEGANS, 7 sp. Massachusetts.
5 Linea catascorium. LErie canal.
6 Cycntas partuMEIA, 7 sp. Mass. within ten miles of Boston.
7 Cyctas sitmitis, 10 sp. Schuyler’s lake, Otsego county.
8 Gyczas (ruUGosA). Erie canal : very plenty.
9
10 Puysa

11, 12 Specimens of local character not entered.

Vicinity of Mohawk.

13 Hetrx monovon, 8 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.
14 Henix atternata, 12 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.

49 [Senate By

15 Heurx ratuax, 6 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.
16 HEtx aLponasris, 2 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.

17 Puysa HETEROSTROPHA, 6 sp. Remains of the old canal, Mohawk.
Heuix paLuiata? 3 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.

19

20 Limnea ELopEs? 6 sp. Ditch, vicinity of Mohawk.
21 Limnea mopicELtus? 13 sp. Old canal near upper lock, Mohawk.
22, Limnea ELoDEs? 12 sp. Old canal near upper lock, Mohawk.

23 Cycbas occIDENTALIs, 24 sp. Ditches on flats, Mohawk.

24 Cycias simitis, 12 sp. Small pond, once the bed of W. Canada cr.
25 Cyctas rosacea? 20 sp. Ditch on flats of Mohawk.
26 Puysa , 7 sp. Ditch on flats, Mohawk.

27 CycLas ERRANS, 26 sp. Pool, Mohawk.

28 Puysa , 7 sp. Hill stream, Mohawk.

29 Jimnea ELoDEs? 8 sp. Found in a pool near Mohawk.

30 Cyctas quercus, 10 sp. Outlet of Schuyler’s lake.

31 PuanorBis MEGAsTomA, 10 sp. Old lock near Mohawk.
82 Pisip1um puBium, 18 sp. Mohawk river.

23 Succinea caMPEsTRIs, 8 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.

84 SvuccINEA

, dsp. Shore of Schuyler’s lake, Otsego county.
35 SuccinEa ——, 8sp. Margin of ditches, Mohawk.

$6 Patupina ponpERosA, 5sp. Erie canal. Introduced?

37 Pisipium compressuM? 18 sp. Mohawk river.

88 Cycias (RuGosa). Mohawk river.

$9 Pisipi1um ALTILE. KHrie canal. Introduced?

40 Pisiprum apamsu, 21 sp. Ditches on flats, ete. Mohawk.
41 Pisiprum compressum? Ditches on flats, etc. Mohawk.
42 Pa.upINA INTEGRA, 5 sp. Mohawk: river.

43 P.Lanoggis BICARINATUS, 13 sp. Vicinity of Mohawk.
44 Puysa

45 Pisiwwium

, 2 species. Mohawk river.

(variable). Cambridge meadows, Groton, &c.

46 Amwnicota porata. Massachusetts. Jor comparison.

No. 50.] 4]

47 VaALVATA TRICARINATA. Vicinity Mohawk, canal and river.
48 Amnicora ——. KHrie canal, Mohawk river, Mohawk.

49 Cycias truncata, 10 sp. Cambridge, Mass.

50 Pisipium FERRUGINEUM. Cambridge, Mass.

51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 Varieties of Puysa, referable to different locali-
ties, not yet fully examined.

57 Metanta ——, 11 sp. Erie canal, Mohawk.
58 Mezania ——, 7 sp. Erie canal, Mohawk.

CRUSTACEA.

ORDER PQCILOPODA.
Zoorocy — Part VI.

PoLYPHEMUS OCCIDENTALIS. Horsefoot or King Crab.- - - - p.0d

Two specimens (small). Presented by Wituiam S. Canepy, of
East-Albany.

ECHINODERMS.

EcHINASTER SANGUINOLENTIS. The Starfish (AGASSIZ).

From the coast of New-England. Presented by WitLiaM 8S. Ca
NEDY, of East-Albany.

49 | [SewaTE

MISCELLANEOUS.

From Joun C.SymmMus of the U.S.Ordnance Department, who received the
specimens from Capt. Jarvis of Norfolk Navy Yard.

Saie Worm (Teredo navalis), from Norfolk harbor, the growth of one year.
Also a piece of Pinz Wo00, of one year’s exposure in the same locality.

The worm grows forward as it bores; coats its shell with lime, impervious-
ly to water; never penetrates through to another cell, or to the outside;
and dies if “its cell is opened to air, or water, fresh or salt. The bark,
white zinc paint, or copper sheathing alone as yet are found to resist it.
Its entrance into the timber is not pereceptible, and it never leaves its
piece.

———

From Messrs. Ganttup & Macuin, of California.
Nest of the TaranTuLa.

The following is a copy of the letter accompanying the specimen :

‘GREEN SPRING, California.
Juny 21, 1853.

Dear Sir— Enclosed ee find the top or cover of a ‘‘ Tarantula’s Nest,??
which, from its peculiar shape and structure, cannot fail to arrest the attention
of the inquiring naturalist. As there are none of the Tarantula in your State,
we hope this specimen of their ingenujty may not prove uninteresting to you.

The nest is a small hole in the ground, made waterproof by means of the web
or lining (as seen in the accompanying specimen). It is about a foot deep, ter-
minated at the top by a cover which is made even with the surface of the earth.
Tt is in these nests or holes that their young are hatched and nurtured.

Most respectfully yours,
GALLUP & MACHIN.

eee

From Dr. CuarLes Martin, U.S. Navy.

Nest of a SourHERN HummMincsirp.

Slomenbig.

Pa

ADDITIONS

TO THB

BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT

IN THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1853, TO JANUARY 1, 1854.

és

Tanda
nt te CERT

Pais

hens Ps ae

yh VHAU MAL OF st 3 YHA

BOTANY.

FROM FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, A.M., M.D.,

OF MARTINSBURGH, LEWIS COUNTY, N.¥o
NO. ,
727 VERONICA OFFICINALIS, Common Speedwell.

800 LirHosPERMUM OFFICINALE, Common Gromwell.
1000 Urrica pDiorca, Common Stinging Netile.

1448 CALYPSO BOREALIS, Northern Calypso.

—————

From I. J. MERRITT. of Troy, N.Y.

Tur SNAKE-NUT (Ophiocaryon paradoxum of ScHomBURGK).

From Demerara.

From ELIAS STANTON, of South-Westerlo, Albany county.

‘A specimen of Moss which grew on a hemlock tree on the Allegany moun-
tains in Pennsylvania. It was four feet and two inches in length when found.

From Dr. CHARLES MARTIN, of the U.S. Navy.

MoNKEY-PorT (seed-vessel of), with the seeds.

From Brazil : it also occurs in British Guiana. This very singular seed-
vessel is the pericarp of Lecythis grandiflora, Aus. It contains a
great number of oleaginous kernels, larger than almonds, which are
much esteemed by the Indians.

46 | [Senate

From J.O. STRATTON, of Oxford, Chenango county, N.Y.

Specimen of SuLPHUR (so called), but of the PoLLEN of the PInz TREE,
which fell in considerable quantity, so as to be visible on the ground, during
a rain-storm, at Oxford in Chenango county, on the 26th of March 1853.

A small portion of the yellow powder being placed under a powerful
microscope, proved it to be of vegetable origin, and to be wholly composed
of the pollen of plants. The pollen grains are all uniformly kidney-shaped,
clearly showing that they are all from the same species of plant.

The pollen was shown to Prof. Henry of the Smithsonian Institution,
while on a visit to the city of Albany the past summer; who stated that a
similar powder had been sent to their institution at Washington, and that
it had been submitted to Prof. Battzy for examination.

Through the politeness of Prof. Henry, the following communication
was received :

‘SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Wasuineron, D.C. Nov. 7, 1853.
My Drar Sirn— By Prof. Henry’s request, I write to inform you that the
‘‘sulphur dust? submitted by the Smithsonian Institution to Prof. Barry for
microscopic examination, proved to be the pollen of the Pine tree.
Yours truly, SPENCER F. BAIRD, Assist. Sec. S. I.’

The extent of the pollen storm may be inferred from the following extracts
from the public journals :

From the Guernsey (Ohio) Times.

A PuenomeNon —On Saturday morning last we were visited with rain,
accompanied by wind from the southwest. A short time after the shower com-
menced, a singular substance, of the appearance of sulphur, was discovered on
our pavements, and other places where little puddles of water collected. The
popular opinion decided the yellow deposit to be veritable brimstone, and our
relative distance from plutonian regions was a matter of considerable speculation.
The same phenomenon occurred at Zanesville; and Dr. Hotston, who made a
microscopic examination of the substance, found it to be the pollen of blossoming
trees, borne on the wind from regions where trees are now blooming, and
brought to the ground by the rain. This is a reasonable, and, we doubt not, the
true solution of the mystery of the ‘‘ shower of brimstone.’’

The Albany Evening Journal, in commenting upon the above article from the
Ohio Times, remarks as follows :

** Notices of this ‘ phenomenon’ reach us from as far to the southwest as
Louisville ( Ky.), the ‘sulphur track’ extending northwest to Delaware county
in this State. Generally the substance deposited is regarded as ‘ veritable brim-
stone;’ but the true solution of the mystery is most undoubtedly given in the
above paragraph.’?

No. 50.] 47

CATALOGUE OF ALGAE SCOTICE,

OR DRIED SPECIMENS or PLANTS BELONGING to rHz ORDER ALGA,

COLLECTED IN SCOTLAND, AND ARRANGED BY JAMES CHALMERS :
Obtained from the Cabinet of the late Prof. Lnwis C. Breck, for the State Collection.

No. 1. CoNFERVA LANOSA.
Has. On fuci near Portnahaven in Isla : abundant.

No. 2. CHONDRIA PUSILLA.
Has. Coast of Skye.

No. 3. ConFERVA RUPESTRIS.
Has. Rocks on the seashore : common.

No. 4. CERAMIUM DIAPHANUM.
Has. Rocky shores : frequent.
No. 5. CERAMIUM RUBRUM.
Has. On fuci, etc. : common.
No. 6. GRIFFITHSIA SETACEA.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahayen, in rejectamenta : rare.
No. 7. HurcHINsIA COccINEA.

Has. Among rejectamenta at Portnahayen in Isla, but not very
common.

No. 8. HuTcHINSIA URCEOLATA.
Has. On rocks and fuci about Portnahaven in Isla : very common.

No. 9. HurcHINSIA ELONGATA.

Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : not common.
No. 10. HurcHINnsIA ATRORUBESCENS.

Has. Coast of Isla near Portnahaven : not common.

No. 11. HurcHInsiA FASTIGIATA.
Has. On fuci : abundant.

No. 12. CLADOSTEPHUS SPONGIOSUS.
Has. Sea-roecks : not uncommon.

No. 18. Copium TomENTosUM.

Has. In pools left by the tide in the little island near Portnahayen
in Isla. This curious plant was not known as an inhabitant of Scot-
land, when Dr. Hooxer’s Flora Scotica was published; but in 1825
it was discovered, for the first time, in the Island of Jona, by J.
BERKLEY, esquire, of Christ’s College, Cambridge.

No, 14,
No 15.
No. 16.
No. 17.
No. 18.
No. 19.

No. 20.

No. 21.
No. 22.
N 0. 23.
No. 24.
No. 20.
No. 26.
No. 27,
No. 28.
No. 29.

No. 30.

No, 31.

48 [Senate

PTILOTA PLUMOSA.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : frequent.

PrILOTA PLUMOSA, vVa@7. CAPILLARIS.

Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : frequent.
SPHAROCOCCUS DENTATUS.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : not unfrequent.
SPHAROCOCCUS SUBFUSCUS.

Has. Near Portnahayen : common.

CHONDRIA PINNATIFIDA,
Has. Rocky shores : common.

CHONDRIA OVALIS.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahayen : not uncommon.

CHONDRIA CLAVELLOSA.

Has. Near Portnahayen in Isla : not unfrequent; mostly among
rejectamenta.

CHONDRIA ARTICULATA.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : common.

SPHA#ROCOCCUS CORNEUS, P FILICINUS.

Has. Sea-rocks near Portnahaven in Isla : rare.
SPH#HROCOCCUS LACINIATUS.

Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahayen : frequent.
HALYMENIA EDULIS.

Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahayen : not uncommon.

HALYMENIA PALMATA.
Has. Rocky shores : common.

ULvaA? PURPURASCENS.

Has. Seashores : frequent.

DELESSERIA SANGUINEA.

Has. Seashores : not unfrequent. Near Portnahaven in Isla, rare.
DELESSERIA SINUOSA.

Has. Seashores : common.

DELESSERIA ALATA.
Has. Sea-rocks : frequent.

DELESSERIA COCCINEA.

Has. Sea-rocks : frequent. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven, most-
ly among rejectamenta.

DELESSERIA LACERATA.

Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven.

ion} 49

No. 32. ULVA FISTULOSA.
Has. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven : not uncommon.

No. 33. SporocHNUS ACULEATUS.
Has. Seashores : frequent.

No. 84. CHORDARIA VIRIDIS. .
Hae. Coast of Isla near Portnahaven : not uncommon.

No. 88. QAMINARIA LINGULATA.
Har. Coast of Isla near Portnahaven : rare.

No. 36. DLAMINARIA ESCULENTA.
Has. Seashores : common.

No. 37. DLAMINARIA DIGITATA.
Has. Seashores : frequent.

No. 38. SEMANIA FLUVIATILIS.

No. 39. LAMINARIA DEBILIS.
Has. Coast of Isla near Portnahayen : not uncommon.

This plant corresponds in every particular with Acarpn’s origina]
specimens in Dr. Hooxsr’s Herbarium, and appears to be an un-
doubted LAMiInARIA. Perhaps the Ulva planiaginea of Lynes, the
Zonaria plantaginea of AGARDH, will prove to be only an older
state of this plant.

No. 40. LicHINA PYGMZA.
Has. Marine rocks : not uncommon. Coast of Isla near Portna-
haven, rather rare.
No. 44. LicHina pyomma, 8 MINOR.
Has. Marine rocks, a little above highwater mark. Coast of Isla
west from Portnahaven : very abundant.
No. 42. FuRCELLARIA LUMBRICALIS.
Har. Seashores = frequent.

No. 48. Fucus noposus.
Has. Qn rocky shores : common.

No. 44. Fucus cerANoIDES.
Has. Lockgoil.

No. 45. Fucus BALTICUS.
Hag. Sandy shores at Brodick Bay in the Isle of Arran.

No. 46. Fucus serratus.
Hag. Roeks on the shores : common.

No. 47. - Fucus CANALICULATUS.
Hap. Rocky shores : common.

[Senate No. 50.] 4

56 [Smnate.

No. 48. Fucus LOREUS.

Has. Seashores : not uncommon. Coast of Isla about Portnahaven,
abundant.

No. 49. Fucus sILieuosus.

Has. Rocky shores. Coast of Isla near Portnahaven : not unfre-
quent.

No. 50. SpH#ROCOCCUS PLICATUS.
Har. Near Portnahaven in Isla : not uncommon.

Zlopendis,

=

LIST
OF
MINERALS, GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AND FOSSILS,

ADDED TO THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1853, TO JANUARY 1, 1854.

cy te ’
Ri) hes | |
5 Cars mice ly
‘i Rae anon x aM cs )
5 ; iki! Sea mY ”
thee, “
i
true
paid eV |
~ ; .
Cp ‘
¥ 6a * cY bd e
FASMATA LAOS
~

; i “OR aK fait by ATCA, cone

MINERALS,

From the Hon. WILLIAM TAYLOR, of New York.
A specimen of Breccta, from Sandyhook.

——

From THOMAS N. ALLEN, of Pleasant-valley, Dutchess county.

A specimen of Marsze from the farm of Mr. ALLEN,

From E.S.SWEET, of Owego, New-York.

A specimen of Leap Orz from a ravine in the valley of the Susquehannah,
near Owego.
The following extract is taken from a letter to Prof. T. Romzyn Brox,
which accompanied the specimen; dated Owego, February 18, 1853 :

Dear Sin —I take the liberty of sending a specimen of Oru recently found
in this vicinity, in a ravine situated in the yalley of the Susquehannah river,
near the base of a mountain 200 to 300 feet high, composed of loose shelly rock
cropping out in various places, but mostly covered with soil. The ore is found
in boulders lying in the soil, which is a hard clayey loam mixed with gravel.
The specimen sent is a part of a lump weighing four pounds. No sufficient ex-
amination has yet been made to ascertain what quantity is likely to be found;
although one man assures me, that in less than one hour, he took out forty
pounds, and from twenty pounds of which he obtained eighteen pounds of pure
lead.

Tradition avers that the indians formerly procured lead in that vicinity; but
white men had no knowledge of its existence, until it was accidentally dis-
covered while digging earth for our railroad bed which is near by.

; Yours truly, E.S. SWEET.

ee

From DANIEL R. O’NEIL, Civil Engineer, New: York.
Three specimens of Fisrous Sunpuats or Baryres, found in Wayne eo.

Two specimens of SELENITE ( gypsum), also from Wayne county.

54 | [SENATE

From JOHN GEBHARD junior, Albany.

Five specimens of Finrous SutpHaTeE oF Baryrtes, from Carlisle, Schoharie
county.

From DAVID ADAMS, of Washington county.

Leap One from the lands of Davin N oxEN, Whitecreek, Washington co.

From WILLIAM L. SMITH, of New-York.

A specimen of Cinnasan from California.

From W.C. WATSON, of Port Kent, Essex county, N.Y.

A large specimen of CrysTaLiizep Pvroxens, taken from a formation just
over the line of Essex in Franklin county, N.Y.

CATALOGUE OF MINERALS PURCHASED IN OCTOBER 1858,
OF SILAS R. HORTON, OF CRAIGSVILLE, ORANGE COUNTY, N.Y.;

#0 SUPPLY DEFICIENCIES IN THE MINERALOGICAL DEPARMENT OF THE STATE. CABINET

Names of Minerals. Localities.
No. I. JENKINSITE (the green coating). Monroe, Orange county.
Analized by Prof. J. Lawrence Smirn, of Virginia. This mineral hag’
been discovered in this State since the publication of Professor Lrwrs C.

Brcx’s Mineralogy. The specimen also contains fine crystals of magnetic
iron.

2. Fine crystals of Macnetic Iron. Monroe, Orange county.

3. Iridescent crystals of Macneric Iron. Monroe, Orange county.

4, DimacnativE - - - - - - Monroe, Orange county.

New mineral of Prof. Sauparp; crysials always small and scarce.
Discovered in this State since the publication of Prof. Brcx’s Mineralogy.
The specimen also contains iridescent crystals of magnetic iron.

5. SinpimaniteE? - - - - - = Yorktown, Westchester county.
New mineral? Prof. Lewis C. Bucx considers sillimanite as identical
with bucholzite (See the Professor’s Report on the Mineralogy of New-
York, ‘&c:, ‘published in the Annual Report of the Regents on the State
Cabinet for the year 1849, page 140).

No. 50 ] 55

MINERALS. Locauivrizs.
6. Sutpouret or Motyspena. - Warwick, Orange county.
7. Pyroxene, crystallized. - » Warwick, Orange county.
8. Twin crystal of Pyroxene. - Warwick, Orange county.
9. ALLANITE, in felspar.- - + - Monroe, Orange county.

10. ALLANITE (very fine), in granite. Monroe, Orange county.

41. ALLANITE, massive. - - + + Monroe, Orange county.
12. SpHens, crystals in scapolite. - Monroe, Orange county.
13. Copper Pyrites. - - - ~ ~ Monroe, Orange county.

This pyrites has not yet been analyzed : it is supposed to contain a
small portion of gold.

44, YrrrocerivE. - = = - = > Warwick, Orange county.

This mineral was discovered in this State since the publication of Prof.
Becx’s Mineralogy. See Prof. Becx’s remarks on the subject, in his
Report on the Mineralogy of the State (above referred to), published in
the Report of the Regents on the State Cabinet for the year 1849, p. 151.

15. Monronite? - + - - - - Monroe, Orange county.
New mineral? Probably a species of kyanite.

16. Aspestus. - - - - - + = 23d-street, New-York city.

17. San.ire, large crystal. - - - Monroe, Orange county.

18. Sappuire, fine red (corundum). Warwick, Orange county.

19, 20. Amranruus (very fine), in green serpentine. Putnam county.
21. Pyrope Garnets. - - ~ + Monroe, Orange county.

22. Correr Pynrites (finely crystallized), with quartz; from a new
mine in Ulster county.

23. Correr Pyarires, with crystals, iridescent. Ulster county.
24, Quartz, twin crystal. - - ~- Ulster county.

25. Quartz, beautifully crystallized, associated with copper pe:
Ulster county.

26. Quartz, fine crystals, and copper pyrites. Ulster county.

27. Ganena, fine specimen, from the copper mine, Ulster county.

28. TuompsonirE.~ ~- - - ~ ~ Fort Montgomery, Orange co.
29. Catcarzous Spar, crystallized. O’Niel mine, Monroe, Orange co. :
30. Spinevies, dark lilac, with fine chondrodite. Warwick, Orange co.

31. Rep Savpume with green (corundum). Warwick, Orange county:

56 [Sznatz

eee

Miners. LocaLirizs.
32, Perfect SpinettE. - - ~ - Monroe, Orange county.

33. Perfect SpineLLe, dark green. - Monroe, Orange county.

34. Large SpINELLE, coated with pyroxene. Monroe, Orange eounty-

35. Large and fine group of SprnELLEs ; small ones curiously modified.
Monroe, Orange county.

36. Fine trancated SpinettEs. - - Monroe, Orange county.

These spinelles appear black, but are green : they are new and dif-
ferent from the old ones, and have not yet been analyzed. They are scarce
and costly, and the preceding specimens present a suite of the different
forms.

37. SoapsTONeE (sfeatzte). - - - Monroe, Orange county.

38. Green CoccoLirE (pyroxene), in white calcareous spar, from a eave
at the Green woods, Monroe, Orange county.

39. Buack CoccoLitTE (pyroxene), in white calcareous spar, from a cave
at the Green Woods, Monroe, Orange county.

40. Epipore in trap rock. - - - Monroe, Orange county.
41. GARNETS in green tale. - - - Brooklyn city.
42. Iron Pyrires. - - - - - Ulster county.

43, Six crystals of Biorirz. - - - Monroe, Orange county.
44, Linac SPINELLES.- - - - - Warwick, Orange county.
45, 46. Truncated SrinettEes. - - Monroe, Orange county.
47. Iron Pynrites, from Washington’s Headquarters at Newburgh.
A lot of Quartz Crysrats (175 in number) from Middleville, Herkimer

county, purchased at the sale of Marsu’s cabinet of minerals at Green-
field, Massachusetts, on the twenty-first day of September 1853.

nt

Presented by JOSEPH S. BARRIS, of Brighton (N.Y-), through Prof. Coox.

Three spectmens of SeLenire, finely crystallized; from Elsworth, Trumbull
county, Ohio.

From Dr. CHARLES MARTIN, U.S. Navy.
Two.specimens of AMETHYST.
Seventy-one Quartz Crystaxs of various sizes.
A GaxnNer with twenty-four trapezoidal faces.

No. 50.] 57

The following minerals, from the Ulster lead mine, were obtained from the
proprietors of the mine :

Four large specimens of Quartz CrysTALs.

Each of these specimens is a group of crystals of the ordinary form,
attached to each other. The specimens are truly magnificent, the largest
group weighing forty-six pounds.

Also five large specimens of Grovrs oF Quartz CrysTaLs, interspersed
with copper pyrites and lead ore. These crystals are all terminated prisms;

and the specimens are, perhaps, equal in beauty to any ever obtained in
this State.

GEOLOGICAL, INCLUDING FOSSILS.

DONATIONS.

From Capt. S. H. DRENNAN, of New-York.

Fossiz Tropica, Fruirs and Woop, from the iron ore beds of Brandon,
Vermont.

From EDMUND HOGAN, of West-Poultney, Vermont.

A specimen of Roorine State, from Hampton Slate Quarry, Washington
county, N.Y.

From SHEPARD MOREY, of Milton, Saratoga county.

A specimen of Limerocx containing Favosire, taken from Westcott’s
quarry, situated in the town of Milton, five miles north of Ballston and
three miles west from Saratoga-springs, Saratoga county.

From R. H. OJERS, of Troy city.

CyaTHOPHYLLUM ? from the drift at Grand Rapids, Michigan.
This fossil is figured and described in OwEN’s Geological Survey of
Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, as the Lithostrotion basaltiforme (va-
riety), and occurring in the carboniferous rocks of Iowa and Missouri.

58 | Senate

7

From EZRA CHAMPION sunior, of Knox, Albany county.
Seven specimens of Cyarnopuyiia from Onondaga limestone.

Also several stems of ENncrinires and PENTAcRINITES, from the Pentamerus

limestone:

From HUMPHREY HOWLAND, esquire.

Specimens of the SHELL Concretion, which forms the surface rock on which
the city of St.Augustine in Florida is built.
The following paper accompanies the specimens }

MEMORANDUM on tHe COQUINA on SHELL:STONE or EAST-FLORIDA.

FOR MR. HOWLAND, WITH PR. SIMMONS:S RESPECTS.

This singular concrete is found lying in shallow strata along a portion of the
coast of Hast-Florida; or from the head of the North river which falls into St:
Augustine harbor, to New-Smyrna south; where a different formation, the Coral
tock, commences, and extends to the extremity of the peninsula. It has never,
I believe, been scientifically examined; and I regret that I have neither access
to the books, or the geological knowledge which would enable me to describe it
properly, or with technical minuteness and accuracy. It does not extend wes-
terly beyond the St. Johns, or indeed three or four miles back from the sea. It
is thus singularly confined within less than a degree of latitude, and to a nar-
row stripe along the seacoast. It crops out, in geological phrase, in many places
from under the sandhills of the shore; and its debris, or disintegrated particles,
give a red color to the tract of beach between St. Augustine and Smyrna, that
forms an indication to the mariner, who is acquainted with this circumstance,
of his position in relation to the coast, more certain than soundings, and more
convenient than an observation of the sun. It is composed sometimes of minute-
ly comminuted particles of muscles and conchs, firmly agglutinated together,
probably by an infiltration of lime abraded from their surfaces by the action of
the sea. Other descriptions of it consist of entire shells, or their unbroken valves,
which, being less firmly compacted, is less fit for building purposes than the
former.

It is a circumstance not easily to be accounted for, that the stone is always
composed of the same kinds of shells; while there are others, particularly two
species of the puma, which, though thus neyer included in the rock, are found
in abundance along the beach. The strata are of different degrees of thickness;
varying from slabs of a few inches, to beds of several feet in depth.

The specimens herewith sent to Mr. How1anp will enable the scientific geo-
logists of the North to describe more accurately, and determine the character of
this unique species of stone. The old Spanish Fort of St. Marco, which com-
mands the harbor of St. Augustine, and which was built more than a hundred
years ago, is constructed of this stone, and is still in good repair. This serves to

No. 50.] 59

show that the material is as durable as it is otherwise well suited for fortifica-
tions; being firm enough to withstand a cannonade, yet soft enough to be pene-
trated by balls, which become imbedded in it, without producing any extended
fracture or material injury. As it is, however, porous and pervious to moisture,
it probably would not stand severe frosts; and would not therefore be available
for military uses, except within the limits in which it is produced, or in tropical
latitudes.

FROM F. CAILLIAUD,

DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CITY OF NANTES IN FRANCE.

{ Through M. VaTTrEemaRe.]

A specimen of Micaczous Gneiss, perforated by the Pholas dactylus.
From Pouliguen on the coast of the Department of the Loire-Inferieure,
with a shell of the Puoxas. Discovered by M. Carniiavp on the 26th of
October 1851.

This beautiful and very rare specimen is accompanied with a pamphlet
on the subject by M. Cainit1aup, in which he contests the idea that these
perforations are altogether chemical, and asserts that they are also me-
chanical.

From Gren. SPINNER, of Mohawk, Montgomery county.

A box containing a suit of the Fossits of the Utica sLate, a characteristic
specimen of the TRENTON LIMESTONE, and a specimen of PETRIFIED
Moss.
The following is an extract from Gen, SPINNER’s letter, which ae-
companied the box :

‘* Mowawk, December 20, 1853.
Dear Sirn—TI forward you, by the American Express Company this day, a
box containing a suit of the fossils of the Utica slate, a characteristic specimen
of the Trenton limestone, and a beautiful specimen of petrified moss. I have
discovered a fine locality of the Utica slate near by, where I can get the fossils,
and will hereafter send you more and better ones! ”’

The late day at which the fossils were received, is the reason why a catalogue
of them is not now given, but a full description of the same will be inserted in
the next annual report.

60 | Senate

CATALOGUE OF FOSSILS,

BELONGING TO THE NEW-REDSANDSTONE PERIOD OF THE CON-
NECTICUT RIVER VALLEY :

COLLECTED BY THE LATE DEXTER MARSH OF GREENFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS,

And Purchased at the Administrator’s Sale of his Cabinet in September 1853.

ORDER DIPODICHNITES (Hircucocx). Two-footed Tracks.
SUBORDER ORNITHOIDICHNITES. SBird-tracks.

No. 1. A Stas or Micaczous Sanpstone from South-Hadley Falls on
‘the Connecticut River, five feet six inches by two feet six inches,
with impressions of two colossal footprints each sixteen inches
long : stride or length of step, three feet four inches.

These tracks have been figured and descrited by Prof. HitcHcock in
his Geology of Massachusetts, as the Ornithoidichnites giganteus.

No. 2. A SusB oF Micacrous SANDsTONE from Turner’s Falls on the

Connecticut River, twenty-eight by eighteen inches.

This slab, upon its upper surface, shows three rows of tracks, deeply
indented in the stone, and running in different directions. These tracks
are from four to five inches in length, and belong to the Pacnypacrrtti
or thick-toed tracks of Prof. Hircucock.

A beautiful and satisfactory illustration results from the circumstance
that the lines of the three rows of tracks cross each other at nearly the
same point, and where, fortunately, a track was impressed by each bird;
track number two partly defacing track number one, and track number
three in like manner partly defacing track number two, thus proving and
showing conclusively the ‘order’ in which the bipeds travelled.

The reverse or underside of the slab is covered with minute elongated hemi-
spheres of the same substance as the stone. These projections are casts
in relief from the indentations on the upper surface of the underlying
stratum; and are due, in the opinions of Prof. Hitcucock and other dis-
lincuished geologists and naturalists, to drops of rain. ‘ The impressions
are elongated in a particular direction, as if the drops struck the surface
obliquely; appearing in fact as if a wind accompanied the rain.’ Three
consecutive footprints in relief, one right and two left, each three and a
half inches in length, accompany the rain drops.

No. 50.] 61°

No. 3. A Siap or Micacrous SANDSTONE from Turner’s falls on the

Connecticut river, twenty-seven by fifteen inches.

On its upper surface there are five tracks, each between four and five
inches in length, impressed in the stone. These tracks belong to the Pa-
chydactyli of Prof. Hrrcucocx.

The under surface of the stone is covered with minute hemispheres,
resembling drops of rain, which are of the same substance as the sand-
stone. These hemispherical projections are casts in relief from the depres-
sions made by rain drops in the underlying stratum, when in a plastic
or yielding state : they are generally perfect hemispheres, considerably
flattened. Three series of tracks in relief, each track about four inches in
length, belonging to the pachydactyli of Prof. Hircucock, accompany the
rain drops.

No. 4. A Stas or Micacrous Sanpstone from Turner’s falls on the
Connecticut river, twenty-seven by twenty-four inches.

This slab exhibits upon its upper surface two lines of three-toed foot-
prints, impressed upon the stone. The tracks are four inches in length,
and the stride nine inches. There are in each line three consecutive foot-
prints, and the alternating right and left feet can be distinctly recognized ;
the toes of the right feet being curved towards the left, and the toes of
the left towards the right. The tracks belong to the pachydactyli of Prof.
Hircucock.

No.5. A Sztas or Micacrous Sanpstone from Turner’s falls on the
Connecticut river, three feet by two feet four inches.

There are twenty-one tracks of various sizes impressed upon the upper
surface of this specimen. In some instances, consecutive series of tracks
can be traced. The one most illustrative is a consecutive series of three
right and left tracks, which are each four and a half inches in length, and
the stride or step twelve inches. The tracks are three-toed, and belong to
Prof. Hircucocxk’s pachydactyli.

No. 6. A Suias or Micaczovus Sanpstone from Turner’s falls on the
Connecticut river, twenty-seven inches by nineteen.

The upper surface is bright and smooth, and the impressions very dis-
tinct. There are two perfect impressions of the Ornithoidichnites tube-
rosus of Prof. Hitcucock, each five inches in length, on the upper surface
of the slab, deeply impressed, and distinctly showing the phalangeal,
tarsal and ungual depressions of the feet. There are also several four-toed
tracks, the largest of which is two inches, and the smallest half an inch
in length.

'

62 [Snare

ORDER TETRAPODICHNITES (Hircncocx). Four-footed tracks.

No. 7. A StLap oF GRAY, PERFECTLY SMOOTH, MICACEOUS SANDSTONE,
thirteen by four and a half inches, from Turner’s falls on the
Connecticut river.

On the upper surface of the specimen are impressed four consecutive
right and left tracks of the hind feet, and also four tracks of the front
feet. The hind tracks are an inch and a half in length, and the stride is
six inches. The front tracks are placed a little outwards and near the
front of the hind tracks, and are only one-fourth of their size : they
resemble in appearance the feet of the snapping turtle ( Chelonura ser-
pentina). There are also several coprolites imbedded on the surface of the
slab. These tracks are named by Prof. Hircucocx, Batrachoidichnites
deweyi. See American Journal of Science for October 1844, Vol. xlvyii,
p. 308, for description and drawing.

No. 8. A SLAB OF GRAY, PERFECTLY SMOOTH, MICACEOUS SANDSTONE,
from Turner’s falls on the Connecticut river, twenty by five and
a half inches.

This slab is the counterpart or cast of the foregoing (No.7); and
presents on its under side six consecutive right and left tracks of the front
and also of the hind feet, in relief. The hind tracks are an inch and a half
in length, while the front tracks are not more than one-fourth of that
size. This is, without doubt, the most perfect and illustrative specimen

of the Batrachoidichnites deweyi ever found.

No. 9. A Sziap or Gray Micacrous Sanpstone from Turner’s falls
on the Connecticut river, six and a half by three inches.

This slab presents, upon its upper surface, six consecutive prints of the
right and left hind feet of a small quadruped. The tracks are five-eighths
of an inch in length, and resemble the Batrachoidichnites deweyi of
Hircucock. The step or stride is only two inches in length. The hardness
of the mud at the time the quadruped traversed it, and the smallness of
its front feet, are undoubtedly the reasons why they made no impressions
on the surface.

FOSSIL FISHES.

There are eighteen slabs of Birumrnous SHALE from the celebrated locality
at Sunderland (Massachusetts), each of which has upon its surface
a beautiful Fossin Fisu.

These fish vary in length from five inches to a foot, and are generally
perfect specimens. In most of the specimens, the scales and fins are dis-
tinct and well defined; and several of the fish are accompanied with
coprolites. The fish belong to the Genus Escuyprsrus of EDGERTON.

No. 50.] 63

There are also two slabs of SHALE from the celebrated locality at Boonton
(New-Jersey), each having upon its surface a perfect Foss.
Fisu, the one seven and the other nine inches in length.
This locality in New-Jersey has been pronounced by geologists £0 be-
long to the era of the New-Redsandstone formation, and consequently is
of the same age with the Sunderland shales.

There are also in the collection obtained at the sale of Mr. Marsn’s Uabi-
net, thirty-one beautiful Fossiis of the Hocene period, from
Cuba, the species of which have not yet been determined.

FOSSILS TAKEN FROM THE STATE CABINET.

ISOTELUS GIGAS. Tue Giant Isoreus.

VANUXEM, Geol. Rep. New-York, pa. 47.
Hmumons, Geol. Rep. New-York, pag. 389.

Haut, Pal. New-York, Vol. 1, p. 231.

The above woodcut (reduced one-third in size from the original
fossil) was delineated from a beautiful specimen which was found
in the Trenton limestone at Middleville; Herkimer county, New-
York, by the late Mr. Wapiercu. It was purchased from Mr. Wad-
leigh by the late Larpner Vanvxem, at the time he was employed
as one of the State geologists, for the sum often dollars; who,
with his characteristic liberality, presented it to the State Cabinet
(See Vanuxem’s Geology of New-York, page 46).

64 [SENATE

The fossil was purloined from the State Collection in the year
1844; and the above cut is given, in order to enable scientific
individuals, and the curators of public collections and museums,

‘to know and identify it, should it come under their observation.

The three original fossils from which the following woodeuts
were delineated, were also purloined from the State Collection, at
the same time (1844) with the Isotelus gigas above described :

No. 1. BUMASTUS TRENTONENSIS. Emmons, Geol. Rep. N.Y. p. 390.
ILLAANUS TRENTONENSIS. Hatt, Pal. N. York, Vol.i, p. 2380.

The following description of this fossil is copied from Professor
Emmons’s Geology of New-York, page 390 :

No.1 has not been found in place : the fe specimen from which the drawing
was made, was found by a laborer in Hogansburgh, in a boulder of bituminous
limestone. The boulder is identical with the black limestone of Montreal, which
contains the Trenton fossils. Upon the fragment containing the specimen is dis-
coverable a portion of a Strophomena, known also to belong to this rock. There
can be no doubt, therefore, of the position it occupies; but usually where a fossil
has been obtained from a boulder, no account has been taken of it. No.1 is
allied both to Bumastus and Isotelus, or seems to be an intermediate genus. It
is probably a rare fossil.

No. 50.] 65

Prof. Haut, in the first volume of the Paleontology, remarks
that

‘This rare fossil was obtained by Dr. Emmons from a boulder near Hogans-
burgh (N.Y.); but from other associated fossils, it clearly belongs to the

Trenton limestone. The original of the perfect specimen has been lost, and our
description is taken from a plaster cast.”?

No. 2. CALYMENE SENARIA (Conran).
Emmons, Geol. New-York, pa. 390.
Hau, Pal. New-York, Vol. i, p. 238.

The following are Prof. Emmons’s remarks on this fossil, on page
390 of his Geology of New-York :

No. 2. The Calymene senaria is one of the most abundant fossils in this rock
(Trenton limestone). In the Second District it is found at Glen’s-Falls, Essex
and Plattsburgh; and it is also found at Cumberland Head, on the opposite
shore in Vermont, where the slaty limestone of the trenton rock is found.

No. 3. ILLASNUS TRENTONENSIS. Emmons, Geol. Rep. N. York, p. 390.
ILLAANUS CRASSICAUDA. Hatt, Pal. New-York, Vol. 1, p. 229.

Prof. Emmons’s description of this fossil, on page 390 of his
Geology, is as follows :

No. 3. For this small trilobite, I am indebted to my friend Dr. Crawe of
Watertown. It seems to be rather rare, though it has been found in the valley of

the Mohawk. The specimen from which the drawing was taken was found at
Watertown.

| Senate No. 50.] 5

Zlowsndis.

=

ADDITIONS

TO THE

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION,

IN THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1853, TO JANUARY 1, 1854.

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION,

DONATIONS.3

_ FROM MATTHEW STEVENSON, M.D., OF NEWBURGH, ORANGE
COUNTY, N.Y.

I. A Piece oF Cxrotu, brought from Otaheite by Capt. Coox. It was given
to Dr. SrEVENSON by a lady, long since dead, a relative of the late Capt.
Coox.

2, SPEAR-HEAD (chert). From Mexico.
3. ARROWHEAD (chert). From Mexico.

4, Five ArrowHeabs (chert). Found in the vicinity of Cambridge, Wa-
shington county, N.Y.

5. A Stone Axe. Found some twenty years since near Staghticoke point,
Rensselaer county.

6. A Stone Cutsex. Found in Newburgh, Orange county.]

FROM AUGUSTUS RAWLINGS, OF NEW-YORK.
A Daaeetr, from the Sandwich islands.

FROM WILLIAM E. TALLMAN, ESQ., OF TULLY, ONONDAGA CO,

An AMULET, made of green novaculite.
This unique relic was found on the farm of WILLIAM TALLMAN, esq _
in the town of Tully, Onondaga county, N.Y.

70 [Senate

FROM MR. ANDREWS, WARDEN OF SINGSING PRISON, WEST-
. CHESTER COUNTY, N.Y.

A Musxer Batt, from the Battlefield of Whiteplains.

FROM JAMES LESLIE, OF ALBANY.

A BuanKeT MADE oF Bark, by natives of the Pelew islands, which are
situated near the Caroline islands in the North Pacific Ocean.

Auso Turee SasuHes, worn by the natives on their hunting expeditions.

PRESENTED BY ALBERT A. BISSELL, OF GREENBUSH, RENSSE-
LAER COUNTY, N.Y.

A TAMPION; A PIECE OF OAK WOOD; AN IRON GRAPE-SHOT, AND TWO
MUSKET BALLS. .

These relics were obtained by the donor near Valcour’s island in Lake
Champlain, in the summer of 1851, from the wreck of the Schooner
Royal Savage (one of the vessels of the American fleet), which was
grounded and burned to the water’s edge during the engagement with
the British fleet on the eleventh day of October 1776.

The British fleet was composed of the following vessels : Ship In-
flexible, Capt. PrinGLE, carrying eighteen 12-pounders; two schooners,
one with fourteen, the other with twelve 6-pounders; a flat-bottomed
radeau, with six 24’sand six 12’s; and twenty small craft, each carrying
a gun from 9 to 24-pounders, and several long boats, besides boats for
baggage stores, etc.

The Americans had only two brigs, one corvette, one slocp, three gal-
leys and eight gendolas, the largest vessel carrying only twelve 6- and
4-pounders. These were under the command of ARNOLD, who drew them
up between Valcour’s island and the western shore of the lake, where
they were attacked. They fought four hours, and the British at last re-
treated; but whilst making his way towards Crown point, ARNOLD was
overtaken, and nearly all the squadron fled up the lake. He continued
fighting as long as possible; and, as a last resort, to prevent his vessels
from falling into the hands of the British, he caused his flotilla to be run .
on shore and set on fire. The yessels were burned to the water’s edge,
and the hulks remain to this day almost as sound as when first stranded.

This was the first nayal engagement with Great Britain. ;

No. 50.] 7

FROM GEN. J. WATTS DEPEYSTER, OF TIVOLI, DUTCHESS CO.

A Bow anp Bunpie or Arrows, purchased from one of the guards of
Kuy-Ine, who negotiated the Chinese Treaty with the English. His
escort was a part of the Imperial Tartar Body from Pekin.

FROM FIERRE VAN CORTLANDT.

A Cuert ArrowHEAp, found a short distance west of the railroad station
in Croton, Westchester county.

FROM JOHN GEBHARD JUNIOR, OF ALBANY.

An Antique Copper, and also an HartHEN Pipe ; plowed up on the farm
of Davip Suarer, in the town and county of Schoharie.

FROM HIRAM WOOD.

Two Inpran Govces, made of sandstone, in perfect preservation. They were
found in digging the cellar for a house in the village of Caldwell, situated
at the head of Lake George.

FROM CORNELIUS KILMER, OF ALBANY.
A War-cuvs, frm the Fiji islands.

Atso A CuineseE Saw.

FROM CHARLES WOOLWORTH, OF ALBANY.

A Stone Govcs, found on the banks of the Seneca river, in the town of
Vanburen, Onondaga county.

FROM DR. CHARLES MARTIN, OF THE U.S. NAVY.
A Rereatine Rirze, with a screwdriver and wrench.

A Wooven Bow; atso Twenty-Four Arrows with bone points, FIVE
with iron points, and onE with a stone point : from Puget Sound.

A Wooven Bow; atso Nineteen Arrows with chert points : from Ca-
lifornia.

72 [SewaTE.
A Woopen Bow; autso Sixteen Arrows made of reeds, with wooden
points : from the Guaranee Indians of South America.
An Arrow with a chert point : from Terra del Fuego.
A Bone FisuHoox : from Puget Sound.

An Ivo MaDE oF Bone : from the Kingsmill group of islands in the
South Pacific Ocean.

An IpoL IN THE FORM OF A BIRD, made of terra cotta, found in the ruins
near Isabel in Guatemala.

An HartHen Pipe, obtained from the natives residing on the banks of the

Amazon river, eighty or ninety miles above the city of Para in Brazil.

An Ostrico Hee, with a description on its surface, in raised letters, of the
Oriental Republic of Oruguay. This effect is produced by writing on the
ege with melted beeswax, or any other substance not affected by acids,
and then placing it in vinegar.

A Piece oF Tappa Cuortu.
A Srrainer, made of bark, from Africa.

Two sets or Banezs (18) : ornaments made of seashells, and worn upon
the arms and ankles by females in the Hast Indies.

A Cuinese Cuopsricx, used in eating.

A Cutnese CaNNoN-BALL, made of stone : picked up at one of the Bogue
forts near Canton.

No. 50.] 73

CATALOGUE OF INDIAN RELICS,

OBTAINED IN THE VALLEY OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER BY THE
LATE DEXTER MARSH OF GREENFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS;

And Purchased at the Administrator’s Sale of his Cabinet in September 1853.

No.1. A Carp, oN WHICH ARE FASTENED THIRTY-SIX ARROWHEADS.
These arrowheads are all made of hornstone of various shades of color,
and vary in length from two to five inches : they present several forms
of the arrowhead. From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 2. A Carp coNTAINING FORTY-NINE ARROWHEADS, varying in length
from one to three inches, made of hornstone of various shades
of color and forms of workmanship.

There are also on the card TWELVE ARROWHEADS made of subhyaline
quartz, varying from one to two inches in length.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 3. A Carp CONTAINING SIXTEEN ARROWHEADS, from one to three
inches in length, made of hornstone ; THREE SPEARHEADS made
of the same material, four inches in length ; AND ALSO THREE
SINGULAR-SHAPED SPECIMENS made of hornstone, and respective-
ly three, four and five inehes in length, the largest of which is
three inches in width, and only half an inch in thickness.

Their form is a lengthened oval, with one end suddenly brought to a
point. From the Connecticut-river valley.

Specimens similar in form have been found in the Western mounds. In
the Description of the Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley by
E. G. Squier and KE. H. Davis, published in Vol.TI of the Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge, on page 211, fig. 100, is an exact represen-
tion of these specimens. This figure was copied from a specimen found in
a mound on the banks ef the Scioto river, three miles above the town of
Chillicothe. The uses to which these relics were applied, are not fully
understood. On page 211, above referred to, the authors remark : ‘It
has been suggested that they were perhaps designed to be used in the
construction of swords, or offensive weapons, on the plan of those made
Iw the ancient Mexicans. They were formed by slitting a cane or other
slender piece of tcugh wood, and inserting blades of stone, usually slips
of obsidian, upon either side. These were retained in their place by firmly
lashing the separated wood together, and filling the cavities with some
hard variety of gum.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

No. 11.

No. 12.

No. 13.

No. 14.

No. 15.

No. 16.

a4 [SewaTE

ELeveN ARROWHEADS, from one to one anda half inches in length,
made of milky quartz.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

Twenty-rour ARRowHEADs, manufactured of subhyaline quartz,
from one to one and a half inches in length.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

TWENTY-FIVE ARROWHEADS OF SUBHYALINE QUARTZ, from one to
two inches in length. .

From the Connecticut-river valley.

Ten SPEARHEADS MADE OF BROWN QUARTZ.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

SEVENTEEN ARROWHEADS, OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF QUARTZ.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

FIFTEEN ARROWHEADS MADE OF HORNSTONE, of various forms and
sizes. From the Connecticut-river valley.

TWENTY-ONE ARROWHEADS OF HORNSTONE, from one to two
inches in length, of various styles of workmanship.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

SEVENTEEN ARROWHEADS OF HORNSTONE, from one to two and a
half inches in length, of several different forms.
From the Connecticut-river valley.
SixTEEN ARROWHEADS OF VARIEGATED HORNSTONE, from one to
two and a half inches in length, of various forms.
From the Connecticut-river valley.
Twenty FRAGMENTS OF SPEAR AND ARROWHEADS OF HORNSTONE,
From. the Connecticut-river valley.
Two SpEaRHEADS, each five and a half inches in length, of horn-
stone. From the Connecticut-river valley.

THREE ARROWHEADS OF COMPACT SLATE.

From the Connecticut river valley.

Srone Axes ; eleven specimens.
These axes vary in length from three to nine inches, and in width from

two to five inches. They are made of different varieties of hard, compact
stone, and exhibit in workmanship the various forms of the stone axe.
A groove is worked transversely around each.axe; which indicates that
it was to be used by bending a withe or green slip of wood of proper siz
around it, in the line of the groove.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

,

No. 50.] 75

No. 17. Fuesninc Instrument, or Stone Cuisen of ScHOOLORAFT ;
Hanp-axe, of Squizrn & Davis : sixteen specimens.

These specimens vary in length from two and a half to nine inches, and
exhibit the various forms of the instrument. Among the materials from
which they were manufactured, are greenstone, porphyry, sienite, etc.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 18. Heap or a War-cius.

This singular relic is made of the freestone of the Connecticut valley.
Its shape is an oval, six and a half inches in length by four and a half
inches in width, and three inches in thickness. There are two grooves,
the one passing longitudinally and the other transversely around the stone.
These grooves were made for the purpose of firmly securing the stone to
the end of a club, and it was undoubtedly a formidable weapon.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 19. Stone Pzstie : five specimens.
These specimens vary from eleven to twenty-three inches in length.
They are made of greenstone and micaceous sandstone.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 20. A Bowt Mabe oF sTEATITE (soapstone).
This bowl is seven and a half inches in length, five inches in width,
and two and a half inches in depth.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 21. A Gorcet or AMULET.

This unique relic is made of a compact variety of green slate. The
length of the specimen at the base is four inches; width, three-fourths of
an inch, and height one inch. At each end a projection rises like a foot;
the one making an angle with the base of 125, and the other of 145 de-
grees. The projections are respectively an inch and a half, and two inches
in height. Length of the specimen between the upper points of the pro-
jections, six inches. At each end of the base, a diagonal hole is perforated
through the corner made by the base with the projection.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 22. A Goreet or AMULET.
This relic is made of a compact variety of green slate. The specimen
is broken, and the fragment comprises about one-half of the original. It
is constructed of the same material as No. 21, and is similar to it in cha-
racter, although differing somewhat in shape.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 23. A Pipe oF BAKED CLAY.
The specimen is four inches in length : it is smoothly moulded, and
has on the stem side of the bowl, in high relief, the figure of an owl.
From the Connecticut-river valley.

716 [SenaTEe

No. 24. A PIPE oF BAKED CLAY.
This pipe is smoothly moulded, and made of fine red clay. From
Connecticut-river valley.

No. 25. Various Fragments oF Pottery (terra-cottas).

These fragments, from their color, indicate that they were made from
different varieties of clay. The exteriors of the fragments are generally
tastefully ornamented with lines, dots, etc.

From the Connecticut-river vailey.

No. 26. Moccasin NEEDLE MADE OF BONE.
This instrument is made from the ulna of the deer, sharpened at one
end. From the Connecticut-river valley.

No. 27. An AmuLeT or GorceET.

This specimen is made of green slate, and the surface is very much
corroded. It is in the form ofa lengthened ellipse, with the ends brought
to a point. One of the points is broken off; and the fragment remaining
measures six inches in length, two inches in width at the widest part,
and a half an inch in thickness.

From the Connecticut-river valley.

The following specimens, which also formed a part of the Indian
Collection of the late DextER Marsu, were obtained in the valley of the
Mississippi river, and were tncluded in the purchase of the preceding
collection of the Connectzcut-rever valley.

No. 28. Inpian ArrowHeEaDs : eight specimens.

These arrowheads are made of jasper and the finest variety of horn-
stone, of various shades of color : they are from two and a half to three
and a half inches in length, of various forms and great beauty of work-
manship. Taken from the mounds in the Mississippi valley.

No. 29. Fresuine Instrument, or Stone Cursex of SCHOOLCRAFT 5:
Hanp-axe of Squirr & Davis : four specimens.

These relics are composed of jasper : they vary in length from two to
three inches, and are worked down to a sharp smooth edge. The label
accompanying the specimens describes them as being taken from Indian
tombs in the valley of the Mississippi.

No. 30. A Lance PipE MADE OF STEATITE (soapstone).

The bowl of the pipe is two and a half inches in diameter, and four
and a half inches in height; and the portion intended for the insertion of
the stem is two and a half inches in diameter, and five inches in length.
The label gives the locality from which it was obtained, “Talladega
County, Alabama; ?? and remarks ‘that there is none of this kind of

No. 50.] 77

stoue found in that part of the State, and that it is supposed to contain
a percentage of silver.’

No. 81. Two Beans.

These beads are oval, half an inch in length, and made of a kind of
enamel or paste, skilfully arranged in layers of various colors on the
surface, and, when viewed at their poles, present variegated radii : they
are of the Columbian period.

From an indian grave in the Valley of the Mississippi.

No. 82. Toorn oF A PantuER (incisor of Felzs concolor).
From a mound in the Valley of the Mississippi.

No. 33. An Eea-suarep Stone.

This specimen is made of sienite, and is two inches in length by one
and a half inches in diameter. A groove is worked transversely around
the stone, three-fourths of an inch from the point of the lesser end. The
shape of the stone, and the groove around it, show conclusively that it
was intended to be used by fastening a cord around the groove, and
holding the other end in the hand or winding it around the wrist, like the
modern slung shot. There is no label accompanying this specimen : con-
sequently its locality is unknown. It is probably from the Mississippi
valley. ‘

Specimens similar in shape, but destitute of the groove, are frequently
found in the Valley of the Mississippi. According to Messrs. Squizr and
Davis, they were used by being enclosed in a cover of leather, and fas-
tened to one end of a thong, the other end being wound around the wrist.

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COMMUNICATION

FROM

PROFESSOR GEORGE H. COOK,

LATE OF THE ALBANY ACADEMY, NOW OF RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW-JERSEY,

ON THE NATURE OF THE SPECIMENS OF

SALT AND SALT WATER

PRESENTED BY HIM,

WITH AN ANALYSIS OF MOST OF THE SAME.

T. ROMEYN BECK, LL.D,

SECRETARY OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW-YORK.

Dear Siz:

_ In pursuing a series of investigations upon common salt, and its

manufacture, I have collected and examined numerous specimens
of salt, brine, etc. Considering the great interest which the people
of the State of New-York have in the subject, I have thought these
specimens might not inappropriately find a place in the State
Cabinet of Natural History at Albany. Accompanying them is a
list of the specimens, with their localities and the names of the
persons who have furnished them to me; also analyses of many of

them, with some descriptive memoranda.

Should they be thought desirable, please to accept them for the
State Cabinet.
Respectfully yours,
GEORGE H. COOK.

Rutgers ContecE, New-Brunswick, N.J.
December 15, 1853.

[Senate No. 50.] 6

*

eee
ee

#
%

CP Seals ieee

SPECIMENS OF SALT, BRINE, &c.

LOCALIrIEs. FROM WHOM OBTAINED.
f Solar salt, 1851... 635.8% Onondaga salines. The Superintendent.
Olt Salt. USO. sa cos «ocd.a eidiveneet WO se placa ayaewe: Ow aaah ih.
3 Boiled salt (front kettle) 1852,,..... de ...... 5 aeons COinsiaiate.4 ai
4 Boiled salt, do SDS ee occ: ON si ress <a silane Oh ath «a ake
5 Boiled salt (mid. kettle) 1852,...... BOY. 5556 ais afar ag eathe GO| mith wictee
6 Boiled salt, do [SDS ih cee ale QO ai srsteve 3s rareaanehe GO) siafain Shp
7 Boiled salt (back kettle) 1852,...... On ee ak. don gece ss
8 Boiled salt, de ESS, oa. Gus situate a isteve GOr sions fo 2
9 Salt made by S. B. Howd’s process, domi sees. sa a0) woewee ‘
20 Salt made in J. P. Haskins’s pan... do .....-....4. Dp mira al
11 Salt condemned by the inspectors .. do .....-+-see. Oe 5 cheeses
12 Salt from Sawmill-run works near Pittsburgh (Pa.). T. Bakewell, esq.
13 Salt frem Orr’s works, near the same place........... COM sreleheetees
14 Salt from Peterson’s works, near same place........-- do sscven

15 Salt from Dr. Hale’s works, No. 1, Kanawha (Va.). Prof. J. Hall.

16 Salt from do S2ah. Now BOL eee aes he dG ie See
17 Salt from do Beene NG, o, do Beals a dor sie Pas
18 Salt from do rita aly INO2 A OGL Matai! does do” wad) tiae
19 Salt from do ds Nowe BO ee awe 43 do: ieee
20 Salt from do ale c.at, os, 6, OO ie ress save do: Sune ese
21 Salt no. 2, from Saltville, Washington county (Va.). E. Meriam, esq.
22 Salt no. 4, from do Oia Goes. Be ial aise deers Go: wars styae
23 Salt no. 6, from do GOS ops tah Sob wai s; 6, Xlo,070rs dO.categene
24 Salt no. 7, from do do Cre guia werdie 2 shee do.iaehe

25 Salt no. 8, from do COOP nasty Re hs og Cota ees do, eekgi.
26 Salt, stoved...... Northwich, Cheshire (Eng.). J. B. Lobb, esq.

27 Salty buttenws. <a es do ite is asad te a oO

28 Salt, marine butter.... do doi nia que meiae alk Ee

84 [SznaTE

Loca. irizs. FROM WHOM OBTAINED.
29 Salt, fine common, Northwich, Cheshire (Eng.). J. B. Lobb, esq.
30 Salt, commion 22 syu5). do LW ae cle anole ines GO Aba oie
31 Salt, rough common ... do wieihis ia e/oiisl «icity GO) iareeeaterens
o2 salt, extra rough common, dO) wage. boc tern a cucnee GO: serio
33 Salt, british bay ...... QO eet ae a 0 ae COs csmrane
OAs Walt, fishery. «..0swis's GORI! Nekeiniee't stele lol byaltaiee GO esislniaira
35 Salt, Ashton’s stoved .. do Bless cit alwiane hee Commercial.
36 Salt, stoved........ Garston near Liverpool. Works.
37 Salt from Jump’s works, Winsford, Cheshire. Works.
oO OH COMMON 25 We ue Pace tiie ee nie <iaiee vee. — Palen, esq.
39 Salt, fishery ....... Garston near Liverpool. Works.
AQ. Salt, stovedints os... Droitwich, Worcestershire. — Noakes, esq.
41 Rock salt, crystals .. Northwich, Cheshire. J. B. Lobb, esq.
42 Rock salt, common........ HO FR as Liat a! Pi ae docs Aa
43 Cheese salt........ Rotterdam, Holland. |W. 8. Campbell, esq.
44 Medium salt ..........0.. do iano oo Siete a) MELO Rater Seah
AD Butter salt 000.4). a do PS Ae fi de ea
46 Salt, common....... Beloimmny ) UN Ne sie alete — Higgins, esq.
AT GCoarse'salt..55 584 Dieuze, France. .... The Director |
48 Medium salt........ GO nV RU, eS ane dees aan
49 Wine salts ocd Fase ONE Mh NAIC a a eee do! Tee
50 Very fine salt....... D abil Matt uaracd Mean o\c) do’ ahaaee
Dk Grey Salt) ite teies oie fe OL RITA USER SORE NOR ota aan Go!) eee
52 Ground rock-salt.... Oe BoM TE ER as GO" cine
53 Rock-salt...sececees do fobs Hod PON Rie aan
DA. SE Ott) Mataraherare Turks Island, W.I..... EH. Oakes, esq.
DOMAINS BER chee he's Sti Martinis, do") 0 Oe. Seeder eee eee
EMO ASHE: Ha ad tops abelietis: o's Curacoa, Os, oh PR Vie dor yews.
BA WAG NO ht Miche ee Bonair, do! ib eee dot OO bes
De MG Me oh ee. ok - Runkey, @O! Je a hoatttele ere Gor P29 ae
59 alt Psy wees os ieee) SOE WSatte, OH Pic chee ai etiets do’ (say SP.
GO: Salt, 725 FA woe de wes Fortune islands, do.......... de fees,
BP Sale ii, see do © Anguilla, BO Sepa, erelel siete GO), wtalets hare
62 -Salé 92s vitae Pee alec Cadiz, Spaime 8. 4 steele GG Siga's Sete
GB SANG SEK reget altel Lisbon, Portugal’... 2.80 Sah LO) RATE eee
G4 Salt, Sas visas geo eee) Ebyeres island, :S.\of: Frances: de <2. 2 e:
GS Salt Mek oecce tha Lviea, H.'of Spam: ..../ saber aid oo >
OG Ball og see Ween ntsny Etepami, Steals 5's eee) Me elerelo ae ‘

Gr iSalt: 8006 cen wtehat tate Martha’s Vineyard, U.S. F.S. Pease, esq.

No. 50.] 85

LOocaLirirs. FRoM WHOM OBTAINED
pAlb Ss ea Seueesa~ . Isle of Rhé, France. M. Joly.
“3 SE) eer eter en oun, do Raat Sc AG eae m
OAS RIS I Noirmoutiers, do ACE gone c eee
ey Salt wc... DR Britany, Cr a ese Godiosts hes

*72 Salt 8 a salt lake 70 miles from Brownsville, Texas.
Capt. S. Van Vliet, U.S.A.
*73 Salt from the salt plain near Pilot Peak, Salt Lake.
Capt. Stansbury, U.S.A.

Pe ealt trom ‘Black Rocky: 0... Salt Lake... s068 «i» @O) wha sh Hess
Mia ubockssalt.....se sacs. Carrickfergus, Ireland. — Higgin, esq.
76 Thick blocking or seales.... Onondaga salines. G. H. Cook.
77 Thin blocking or scales .... Ee I Oe i, Sha hae She OO), aside ges
Pe MAMMINES foe eps snes P [Ca a ane Sareea CQ! cia! ster acee
79 Oxide of iron, sediment from brine, from pump-
: house, Syracuse. ...... Morac te cys. a's
80 Oxide of iron, boilirg brine. Kanawha (Va.). Prof. J. Hall.
81 Oxide of iron, hot brine.... AG ie is PETE Te Fa OE UC area ea
82 Pannings.... Saltville, Washington county (Va.). HE. Meriam, esq.
red Skimmings........ GO Tach creas © euoraih orale etal ale BO igo: 6 ue lgre
84 Brine from Syracuse wells... Onondaga salines... G. H. Cook.
85 Brine from a well at Salina. . SCC aM Moers ire Or stein wave
$6 Brine from a well at Liverpool, KG AU Saha ete GOs oars ae
87 Brine from British Salt Co.’s well, Northwich, Cheshire (Eng.).
J. B. oe esq-
88 Brine from N. Ashton & Co.’s well, MOI Ge CRE SMO eee ws
fre Srine ATOM *ys.)0. 566 805 8 es Dieuze, France. The ai:
90 Brine from well at Sawmill run, Pittsburgh (Pa.). T. Bakewell, esq.
mol SBrite fom oc. sy 6 02s Kanawha salines (Va.). Prof. J. Hall.
Pewderine Troms. 64s. 5+ ss Saltville (Va.). H. Meriam, esq.

*93 Brine from a salt lake 70 miles from Brownsville, Texas.

Capt. S. Van Vliet, U.S.A.

94 Bittern from......... Onondaga salines.

95 Bittern from........+ Kanawha salines. Prof. J. Hail.
{ 96 Bittern or leach brine, Northwich, Cheshire (Eng.). J. B. Lobb, esq. —

97 Hardpan from shaft of a rock-salt mine, do... ss . GO aide. elbee
98 Hardpan from do Os LG eikeighis Wier lo huidet. Jee

99 Rock-salt from........ Cheshire, England. ...... 0 velit ater
100 Rock-salt from........ do a ee te
101 Rock-salt from........ do Pibietcis GO, saisio. «phe
102 Rock-salt from the upper bed of rock, Cheshire. ...... GOW sere en «
103 Rock from shaft of a rock-salt mine, do oes a COM wean sa

* Furnished by Prof. Spencer F Barrp.

86 [Senare

LocaLirirs. FRoM WHOM OBTAINED-

{04 Rock with veins of salt from shaft of
a rock-salt mine, Cheshire (Hng.). J. B. Lobb, esq. |

105 Crystals of selenite from solar salt-fields,
Onondaga salines. L. Conkey, esq.

106 Crystals of selenite from Nolton & Co.’s
settling cisterns, Onondaga salines. . 22.2. dO sess.

107 Artificial oolite from Howd’s salt-works, Syracuse. 8. B. Howel, esq.

108 Salt water from a well sunk at Montezuma in 1842, 605 feet.
EK. Meriam.
109 Salt water from a well sunk at Lockpit, Wayne
county, five miles east of Clyde ..........52++- dO scceeee

116 Salt water from a well sunk in 1846 near Little
Sodus Bay (N. Vo} eeecc.. ASM ne crsmerkc nS ar ass le

111 Salt water taken in 1844 from a spring in the
wilderness in Percy township, near the
River Trent, Upper Canada, about thirty
mules east of ake ‘Ontario’... iss a.ss eben cl OO wen aun

112 Salt from the Great Salt Lake, Utah Pea
obtained by Capt. Stansbury in 1849 ......... do .......

113 Water from the Dead Sea, by Fisher Howe of
Brooklyn, January 19, 1850.. o Btel a fel aa CLO aia pin toi

114 Salt water from the well of Findlay, Mitchell &
Co., Saltville, Washington county (Va.),
January OL, 164s isis aig de bie ee o Vin alvinrrmiees OO eterna eee

The specimens of salt from 1-11 inclusive were made from
Onondaga brines, and are average ones of that salt. Being made by
different processes of manufacture, they vary considerably in the
size and form of their crystals, or grains, and in their specific
gravities ; but in chemical composition they are very much alike.

ANALYSES.

Chloride | Sulphate| Chloride} © oride

of of of of mag-
sodium. lime. | calciun.} nesium. | WATER. }
(Salt.) |( Plaster.)|( Bittern.)|( Bittern.)
J. Solar salt.-.--s .ceeescaee 1851 ....| 96.70 1.43 0.05 0.03 1.79
2. Solar salt...-c+csers. eee 1853) o 2.6) | O76 90 0.67 0.06 0.07 1.29
3. Boiled salt (front kettle).. 1852 ....| 96.19 1.81 0.17 0.09 1.74
4. Boiled salt ( do on USB aa4il Drax) 1.46 0.09 0.67 1.10
5. Boiled salt (middle kettle), 1852 ....| 96.82 1.41 0.15 0.05 1.54
6. Boiled salt ( do Vien S53). ss Oe 1.26 0.15 0.18 1.00 }
7. Boiled salt (back kettle).. 1852 ....] 96.81 1.13 0.38 0.03 1.80
8. Boiled salt ( do -).. 1853 ....} 96.41 1,51 0.21 0.27 1.60
9. Salt made by S. B. Howd's process ....] 97.95 0.04 0.04 0.03 1.94 }
10. Salt made in an iron pan by Haskins..| 97.58 0.17 0-19 0.16 1.60
11. Salt condemned by the inspectors ..... 8.11 0.67 0.02 0.10 1.10

ca

=
~.

aS

E3

The specimens from 12 — 14 are from near Pittsburgh, Penn. ;
and those from 15 —- 20 are from the Kanawha salines : they are
nearly alil:e in the character of their impurities. They are made

87

by artificial heat, and from weak brines.

ANALYSES.

12. Salt from Sawmill run, near Pittsburgh,
13. Salt from Orr’s works, do ce
14. Salt from Peterson's works, do ae
5. Salt, Nosil, Sanawha «<< «se e040 oc
16. Salt No. 2, do canoe Stipscuobe
Ny. Salt No. 35 do eercresaecece
18. Salt No. 4, do SanUnt sacoE
19. Salt No. 5, CLO A TES CUO dEH abe
20. Salt No. 6, AON ies Sarin ee Wicsatece

| The specimens from 21 — 25 inclusive are from Saltville near
Abingdon, Washington county ( Va.). These are’remarkably pure

Chloride | Chloride
of of
sodium. | calcium.
89.77 1.78
96.70 0.53
95.93 0.74
91.31 1.26
83.39 1.48
86.65 1,48
87.00 2.14
8) 52 2.58
82.75 3.68

Chloride
of mag-
nesium.

WATER.

specimens of salt : they are all made by artificial heat.

| 21. Salt No.
22. Salt No.
23. Salt No.

24. Salt No.
25. Salt No.

The specimens from 26 — 35 were made from the brine at North-
wich, Cheshire, England : 38 and 39 are made from British rock
salt dissolved in sea-water ; 37 and 38 are from the brine at Wins-
ford, Cheshire, Eng.; 40 is from brine at Droitwich, Worcester-
shire, Eng. ; 43 to 46 are from British rock salt dissolved in fresh.

——

ANALYSES.

Chloride | Sulphate | Sulphate
of of of

sodium. }| lime. magnesia
98.45 0.95 0.20
99.01 0.20 0.09
99.18 0.27 0.05
99.11 : 0.11
98.61

water. They are all made by artificial heat.

0.27

WATER.

88 [Senate
ANALYSES.
Chloride | Sulphate | Chloride Chloride
of of of te) WATER
sodium. lime. calcium. | magnesium.

26. Stoved salt .-cerccseee 98.53 1.26 trace. 0.01 0.20
Buthersaltbasreiete|citatslebercieicie 97.22 1.75 trace. 0.01 1.02
. Marine butter salt ........ 97.89 1.46 trace. 0.01 0.64
‘29. Fine common salt .....0..- 98.28 0.76 0.01 0.01 0.94
80. Common salt...-.+.e. aooan 96.36 aiesaly¢ 0.01 0.02 2.44
Rough common salt ....... 96.53 1.61 0.01 0.02 1.84
. Extra rough common salt ..| 95.46 1.46 0.01 0.03 3.04
. British bay salt .........+- 96.77 0.76 trace. 0.03 2.44
. Fishery salt ....... Aker gee 96.98 0.20 0.01 0.03 2.78
. Stoved Ashton’s salt ...++- 97.59 1.67 0.01 0.03 0.70
es Whoved Salt «ss ccaeeaeses 98.21 1.50 trace. 0.09 0.20
SHB bbe salt aie sss dah neee os 97.59 1.76 trace. 0.15 0.50
. Common salt...-.e0e0- riche 97.90 1.26 trace. 0.04 0.80
Fishery salt ..+.e+sace esee| 93.09 0.85 trace. 0.56 5.50
PMS TCV CISA ols wie! clei da\alpiciaalsie 96.93 §.05 0.00 0.02 0.00
- Rock-salt (crystal) ...-.- 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- Rock-salt (common) ...-.- 99 52 0.46 0.00 0.92 0.00
Holland cheese salt... 97.11 0.56 trace. 0.13 2.20

. Holland medium salt...... 97.06 0.70 trace 0.14 210% 5
. Holland butter salt....- sae 98.46 0.88 trace 0.06 0.60

. Belgium salt...+2.sesseees

The specimens from 47 — 53 are from Dieuze in the Department
La Meurthe in France. The brine, as raised from the well, is weak,
but is brought to saturation by the addition of rock-salt. Artificial

heat alone is used in preparing this salt.

1 ANALYSES.
Chloride Sulphate | Sulphate
of of of
* sodium. lime. magnesia.
a ee ————
47. Coarse salt-....-. Meieie'= silat OSD, 1.09 0.96
48. Medium salt....... adeae -| 97.92 0.75 0.33
AOS MRE Sel Geaieisrcteivicistensicyayo\ls (sis C 97.59 1.02 0.89
50. Very fine salt. .csssee.ss.| 97.64 1.09 0.87
DN. Groyisaltire ose ls sitteieie ojeeines 97.67 1.29 0.14
52. Ground rock-salt ...+-..e- 97.45 2.35 0.00
DpEVGGle Saulity / he We abs tare ieee: oe /oisie 97.70 2.05 0.15

The specimens from 54 — 72 are made from sea-water, or from
salt ponds, by solar evaporation : 73 and 74 are from Salt Lake ;
75 is from a new rock-salt mine discovered at Carrickfergus, Ire-

land, last year.

WATER.

2.10
1.00
0.50
0.40
0.90
0.20
0.10

Cie. 50.|

——

54, Turks Island salt..

evecvoce

55. St. Martins salt ...... SNe
56. Curacao salt ...++. sforeketeisinte
Eee SOUIAIN SALb c\0.00.u\c 6 elein'e o clecc
58. Rumkey salt...-++esssoove
59. St. Kitts salt ....... Rickie @

60. Fortune islands salt ......-.
61. Anguilla salt ..ccerssseres
62. Cadiz salt... ;
63. Lisbon salt ........ BaGOUCE
64. Hyeres island salt ........
65. Ivica salt .
66. Trapani salt Teiapieterin hails 5
67. Martha’s Vineyard salt .

68. Isle of Rhé salt ....++..--
69. Bouin salt.......eee-

70. Noirmoutiers salt ....+....
71. Britany salt ....++.sc.eees
POR Pe KAS! Salts as ois «+c aisie/amnie i
73. Salt Lake salt ..... Referers

T4*. Salt lake salt ...s.sevsece-

| 75. Irish rock-salt ..+.sssecees

eooee

89
ANALYSES.
Chloride Sulphate
of of

sodium. lime.
96.76 1.56
97.21 0.54
99.85 0.12
97.31 0.60
94.75 0.78
99.77 0.08
97.45 1.43
99.18 0.08
95.76 0.75
94-17 0.49
93.13 0.61
93.06 1.09
96.78 0.41
94.91 1.42
95.04 1.76
99.46 0.10
97.61 1.03
3.50

Chloride
of

magnesium.) magnesia
and soda.

ecorrocococooooococ]e(

Sulphate
of

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ct =
me

WORD PYNCCOOWH OHS

oor cr

The specimens 76 and 77 consist of sulphate of lime and com-
mon salt; the salt varying in amount from 50 to 95, and even 98

per cent of the whole.

78, 83 and 84 are sulphate of lime, with a very small portion
of salt, and from 5 to 20 per cent of water.
79, 80, 82 consist essentially of oxide of iron, with a very little

carbonic acid :
with the oxide of iron.

The specimens from 85 — 97 inclusive are brines and_ bitter-

waters or bitterns.

* This is all sulphate of soda.

salt, and in 89 sulphate of lime, are also mixed

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4
u

tioned above, carbonic acid is found ©

1 of these brines. In the Onondaga brines, I have not found
more than one cubie inch to a gallon of the brine. The Kanawha

brine contains a considerable quantity of bromine. Both iodine and

bromine are found in the Onondaga and in the Cheshire brines.
Potash has not been found in those from Onondaga or from Ka-

Besides the constituents mex
nawha.

In severa

No. 50.] 91

The specimens from 98 — 105, with those numbered 41 and 42,
represent the different strata passed through in sinking a shaft for
a rock-salt mine in Cheshire, England. The following is the account
of these, in the order in which they are met, as given me by an
experienced miner :

2 feet of soil.

8 feet of fox-bench, or hardpan.

36 feet of marl, indurated clay (98) & (99).
7 feet of open gravel.

90 feet of metal ; marly earth with seams of crystallized gypsum, the lat-
ter most abundant near the bottom (100), (101) & (102).

75 feet of rock-salt (103).
30 feet of stone, red and mottled with veins of red rock-salt (104)&(105).
75 feet of rock-salt.

15 feet of rock-salt : this layer contains less earthy matter than those
above or below it, and is the only one worked (41) & (42).

180 feet of rock-salt has been passed through below this, and still the bot-
tom has not been reached.

ore

168 feet of rock and earth.
345 feet of rock-salt.

———s

513 feet.

The specimens from 109-115 were presented by E. Mrniam,
esquire, of Brooklyn : they were accompanied by several others
which have already been mentioned, and by the following deserip-
tive notes, the numbers of which correspond with those of the
preceding list :

93. “Salt water from a shaft sunk in the Holston salt mines, at Saltville,
Washington county, Virginia. This bottle of brine was received in
the spring of 1846, from Tuomas L. Preston, esquire.”

91. “Salt from the Holston salt wells, Saltville. A kettle was filled with
the brine, and a broad pan placed at the bottom, and carefully with-
drawn previous to the commencement of ebullition.”’

83. ‘The matter caught in the pan previous to the boiling of the brine of
(21).”

22. ‘Salt from Saltyille. The brine from which this specimen was made,
was skimmed previous to boiling.”’

34. “Skimmings of the kettle from which (22) was made.”

23. “Salt from Saltville. Brine as it came from the well, settled with alum,
say 2 lbs. to 6000 gallons of brine.”

92 [Senate

24, “Salt from Saltville. Brine as it came from the well, settled with lime,
say 4 quarts to 6000 gallons.”

95. “Salt from Saltville. Brine as it came from the well.”

109. ‘Salt water taken from a well sunk at Montezuma (N.Y.), in 1842,
the depth of 605 feet. This water is fully saturated : one pint of it
yields 2112 grains of chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium
(See Municipal Gazette, Vol. i, p. 120). ane

TO. se water from a well 400 feet deep, sunk at Lockpit, Wayne coun-
y (N.Y.), about five miles east of Clyde, and near the Canandaigua
Ne (See Mun. Gazette, Vol. i, p. 140).”

111. “Salt water from a well sunk in 1846, near Little Sodus Bay ( N.Y.)
(See Mun. Gazette, Vol. 1, p. 587).”

112. ‘Salt water taken in 1844 from a salt spring in the wilderness in Perry
township, near the River Trent, Upper Canada. This spring is about
thirty miles north of Lake Ontario.”

113. “‘Water taken from the Dead Sea by Fisner Hown, esquire, of
Brooklyn ( .1.), January 19, 1850. This water is a little discolored
by the bottle in which it was brought.”

114. “Water from the well of Finntay, Mrrcnett & Co., Saltville, Wa-
shington county ( Va.), January 31, 1844.”

115. ‘Salt from the Great Salt Lake, Utah Territory, obtained by Capt.
Sranspury in 1849.”

For particulars relating to the brines and salt mentioned in the
list, reference may be made to the annual reports of the super-
intendents of salt springs of New-York for the years 1850, 1851,
1852 & 1853; also to Dr. Lewis C. Becx’s Report on Mineralogy,
one of the volumes of the Natural History of New-York.

It will be perceived, in these analyses, that there is no apparent
relation between the amounts of sulphate of lime in the different
specimens from the same brine. This, however, could not be other-
wise ; for the sulphate of lime deposits in a much more rapid ratio
than the salt at the beginning of the salt-making process, and of
course leaves the salt which forms last much the purest. The re-
verse of this takes place in the amounts of the chlorides of calcium
and magnesium, as is strikingly apparent in the specimens from
15 to 20, where 15 is the one first formed from the brine, and 20
the last, and the amount of those chlorides regularly increases
from the one to the other. The amount of water, and to some ex-
tent that of the earthy chlorides, found in the salt, varies with its
age and more or less perfect drainage. In the tables, no mention is
made of insoluble matter, dirt, etc. The salt made by artificial heat

eds

No. 50.] 93

contains scarcely any. In those made from sea-water by solar heat,
sand and fragments of shells and corals are generally found, some-
times to an amount equal to one-half of one per cent : they are
sometimes discolored, and a peculiar putrid odor is almost always
to be observed in them.

The size, hardness, and density of the crystals of salt vary with
circumstances connected with the manufacture, and appear to have
no relation to the impurities which they may contain; and the
same remark is true of the properties which are popularly attri-
buted to different kinds of salt : they must be owing to the size
and density of the grains, and not to the presence or absence of
impurities ; for an inspection of the above tables of analyses shows
that some of the purest, and others the most impure, are equally
reputable. This point has been maintained by others, and it is to
be hoped that the specimens and facts here presented may aid in
doing away the prejudices which are so common upon this subject.

The method of analysis pursued is nearly that of the late Dr.
Wituiam Henry, as given in the Transactions of the Royal Society
of London for the year 1809. In separating the earthy chlorides by
alcohol, there is some uncertainty when sulphate of magnesia is
present. There is room for a great deal of variation in the results
of the analysis of common salt, from the impurities being so small
in amount compared with the whole, as well as from the fact that
specimens made in the same brine do vary in the amount of their
impurities. In computing the several compounds in the salt from
the bases and acids found, there is also some room for a difference
of opinion, but I have done it to the best of my judgment.

My thanks are due to the gentlemen whose names are mentioned
in the list of donors, and to Mr. G. Wasuineron Taytor, who has
aided me in verifying nearly all the results of my laboratory in-

vestigations.
GEORGE H. COOK.

Rourcers Cottece, New-Brunswick, N.J.
December 15, 1853.

we fh

Wy Nat
a ‘lit

Zloosnvis,

sk

ON THE

SERPENTS OF NEW-YORK;

WITH A NOTICE OF A SPECIES NOT HITHERTO INCLUDED
IN THE FAUNA OF THE STATE.

BY SPENCER F, BAIRD,

7)
Aiki ‘h

ON THE SERPENTS OF NEW-YORK

WITH A NOTICE OF A SPECIES NOT HITHERTO INCLUDED IN THE
FAUNA OF THE STATE.

BY SPENCER F. BAIRD.

WASHINGTON, D.€.

Avr the suggestion of Dr. T. Romeyn Brcx, Secretary of the Board
of Regents of the University of New-York, I embrace the occasion
of adding a serpent, not hitherto included in the Fauna of New-
York, to present the principal characters of the genera of New-
York Ophidians, with a brief synopsis of the species. The entire
number described by Dr. Dexay, in the Fauna of New-York,
amounted to fifteen, distributed into seven genera : to these Mr.
Gerpuarp, the able Curator of the State Cabinet, has added a six-
teenth, Crotalophorus tergeminus. The species I now propose to
notice is the Storeria occipito-maculata, one of the most abundant
of all, though, on account of its diminutive size, usually over-
looked ; thus making the seventeenth.

My attention was first called to the existence of this species in
the State by Dr. Avery J. Sxinton, of Troy, who, in 1847, showed
me the first specimen I had ever seen. Subsequently I found it
very common on Lake Champlain, at Westport, N.Y. Usually
associated with the Tropidonotus dekayi of Hotzroox ( Storeria
dekayi, B. & G.), it has a strong resemblance to it in general
appearance as well as size, and indeed has often been confounded
with it, though easily distinguishable by well-marked characters.

| Senate No. 50.] 7

98 [Senatz

The particular eatures of this serpent will be given in the synopsis:
of the New-York species. :

With the great increase in the number of known species of
North-American serpents, it has become impossible to place all
in the genera to which American herpetologists have hitherto
assigned them. The magnificent work of Dr. Hotzroox, completed
in 1842, gives forty-seven species as the result of his laborious
investigations, continued for many years, among our Ophidia.
Owing, however, to the immense accessions supplied by the many
government expeditions, especially by the United States and
Mexican Boundary Survey, this number has been greatly enlarged ;
so much so, indeed, that at least one hundred and thirty species
are known to exist in this country, north of Mexico. The necessity |
for greater precision in defining not only the specific, but also the
generic features of this vast number, induced Mr. Grrarp and
myself to take up the subject from the beginning, and remodel the
whole. In the course of our investigations, we discovered that many
genera, supposed to be common to Europe and America, had no such
extended distribution ; a critical comparison of different species
from the two countries, considered as of the same genus, resulting
in the detection of differences in generic features.

It may be proper to premise that the difficulties in the way of
any accurate comparisons or investigations into this subject were
greatly increased by the almost entire absence of systematic trea-
tises on the Colubride, to which family most North-American
species belong. The great work on Reptiles by Messrs. Dumrrin
and Bisron (Erpétologie Générale) has been delayed completion
for fourteen years, confessedly on account of the difficulty of
coming to any correct conclusion in regard. to the classification of
the Ophidia. It is only within a few months that M. Dumeriz has
presented. his views of the arrangement of the serpents in a memoir
read before the Academy of Sciences, Paris, no copy of which has
yet reached this country. Joun Epwarp Gray, under whose au-
spices the valuable series of British Museum Catalogues has been
prepared, has likewise omitted the Colubride. Other systematic
writers, as Firzincer, Oppet, WacLeEr, &c. have, it is true, given
us something on this subject; but their arrangement has beem

No. 50.] 99

either too vague for practical use, or not adapted to the American
species. We have had, therefore, no alternative but to recast the
whole with the extensive material we had on hand.

The characters upon which the genera adopted are founded, as
published in the work containing the results of these investiga-
tions*, consist of the numbers, shape, and position of the various
plates on the head; the smoothness or carination of the scales ;
the division or unity of the most posterior of the abdominal scu-
telle, and of those beneath the tail, and some other peculiarities.
Owing to the difficulty and expense of procuring skeletons of the
genera, we found it impossible, at the time, to derive much assis-
tance from osteologica] characters : subsequent examination of
some forms, however, has indicated a very decided harmony
between the internal and external characters. It is true that some-
times slight variations in the number and shape of the plates and
rows of scales were detected, even in different sides of the same
individual ; but generally the constancy in character was so re-
markable as to lead us to rely quite firmly on this mode of ar-
rangement, and to consider the deviations as abnormal conditions,
such as are met with in the most constant types. This view is
strengthened by the fact that any variation was rarely symme-
trical on both sides; one side only varying, as a general rule.
Of less rank we found to be the number of longitudinal rows of
seales on the back and sides. As, too, in nearly every instance, we
found the pattern of coloration to be, with very few exceptions,
much the same, in the various species of the same genus, as de-
termined by the preceding features, we felt warranted in giving
the pattern (not the tint) as a secondary, perhaps tertiary charac-
ter, of great convenience in grouping species into genera, or their
subdivision. . |

The number of genera into which the 119 species of N. American
serpents described in the catalogue are divided is 35, or an average
of nearly 3.4 to 1. The 47 species of Dr. Horproox are divided

* Catalogue of North-American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian In-
stitution. Part I. Serpents. By S. F. Barry and C. Grrarp. 8vo. pp. 188. Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, January 1853.

100 [SenaTE

among 15 genera, or 3.13 to 1. The 15 species deseribed by Dr.
Dexay in the Natural History of the State are arranged in 7 ge-
nera, a proportion of 2.14 to 1; or, adding with the sixteenth
species of Mr. Grsuarp, an additional genus, we have 2 to 1. It
will thus be seen, that instead of a multiplication of genera in our
work, their proportional number has actually been diminished.

The 17 species of New-York Ophidia, as now given, belong to
14 of the genera of the Smithsonian Catalogue, or a proportion of
1.21 to 1; thus embracing two-fifths of the genera described, al-
though the number of species is only one-seventh of those enume-
rated as North-American. It is a matter of much interest to find so
large a proportion of American genera included within the limits
of the State. The generic features will thus become of use in the
speedy discrimination of species, as but three of the genera have
more than one species to each.

To facilitate the appreciation of the generic character of the
synopsis, as well as to aid in the determination of species, I have
added to the present article two plates containing a view from
above and on the side of each one of the seventeen species. All
these outlines are entirely original, and in nearly all cases taken
from New-York specimens. No. 9, or Scotophis alleghaniensis, I
have lettered, so as to correspond with the following explanation
of terms. All are the size of life, but the numbers 14, 15, 16, 17,
which are twice natural size.

FEXPLANATION OF TERMS USED.

THE vertical plate (v) is the central one in the middle of the head above, having
on each side of it the superciliaries (s,s), which form the upper part of the
orbit. The two plates behind the vertical are the occipitals (0,0); the pair in
front of it, the postfrontals (p,f). The prefrontals or anterior frontals (a,f)
are situated in front of the postfrontals; and anterior to these, and terminating
the snout, is the rostral (7). The plates immediately in front of the eye are the
antcorbitals (a) : those behind it are the postorbitals (p,o). In advance of the
anteorbital is the loral (lo) ; between which and the rostral are the two nasals
(”), with the nostril between them. The upper and lower labials (1,1) margin
the upper and lower jaws : only one of each series is marked. The temporal
shields (£) are situated between the upper labials and the occipitals. The infra-
maxillary or mental scutelle or shields are just within the lower labials : these
cannot be shown in the figure.

The arrangement on the top of the head of one rostral, two pairs of frontals,
one vertical with one superciliary on each side, and one pair of occipitals we
have considered as typical or normal, from which but few of the genera described
vary. Sometimes one plate occupies the place of the two prefrontals; and in
some genera a second median plate is seen between the rostral, frontals and
vertical. On the side of the head we have sometimes but one nasal, and some-
times either the loral or the anteorbitals may be wanting. Where the latter
condition exists, it is sometimes difficult to determine which plate has dis-
appeared. A clue is to be found in the shape of the remaining plate : if this be
longitudinal, it is probably the loral; if vertical, or divided into two or more,
one above the other, it is to be considered as anteorbital. The loral belongs to
the postfrontals, and the anteorbital to the vertical, the posterior edges in the
former and the anterior in the latter generally ranging. Thus when the vertical
plate is very short, the anteorbital is also short or wanting entirely; and the
same relation holds good between the loral and postfrontals.

Of the five numbers given at the end of the descriptions, the first indicates
the number of the abdominal scutellze from chin to anus; the second is that of
the pairs of subcaudal scutelle; the third, the dorsal rows, or the number of
rows of scales around the body (excluding the abdominal series) : the fourth
number shows the entire length of the animal; and the fifth, the length of the
tail in english inches.

102 [Senate

In referring to the dorsal rows, the exterior one, or that next the scutelle,
is considered to be the first, unless the contrary is stated.

When there are two numbers separated by the symbol (++) at the beginning of
the measurements, the first indicates the number of entire abdominal scutelle;
the latter, of those that are bifid or divided. The subcaudal scutellze are to be
considered as divided or in pairs, unless mentioned to the contrary. ;

In enumerating the number of labial plates, those on one side of the jaws
only are to be understood, and the terminal and median one on the symphysis
of the upper and lower maxillaries is never included. On the upper jaw, that
plate is at the end of the snout, and is the rostral.

The descriptions are all based on specimens preserved in alcohol, unless
otherwise stated.

vy. Vertical ;

s. Superciliary ;
o. Occipital ;
pf. Postfromtal ;
a,f. Anterior, or Prefrontal ;
r. _ Rostral ;

a. Anteorbital ;
p,o. Postorbital ;
n. \ Nasal;

lo.) Shoral;

1, Upper labial ;
1’. Lower labial ;
t. Temporal ;
m. Mental.

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No 12
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The seventeen species of Ophidia hitherto known to inhabit
New-York are as follows* :

LIST OF SPECIES.

1. CroraLus puRissus, Linm. ........ Rattlesnake.
2. CROTALOPHORUS TERGEMINUS, Holdr. Massasauga.
3. ANCISTRODON CoNTORTRIX, B.d-G.. Copperhead.
4, KUTMNIA SAURITA, B.g G. ....... Striped-snake.
. 5. ms siRTALIS, B.g- G........ Gartersnake.
6. NeRopia sIPEDON, B.g¢ G......... Watersnake.
7. REGINA LEBERIS, B. gf G.......... Yellowhbellied-snake.
8. HETERODON PLATYRHINOS, Latr..... Hognose.
9. ScoroPHIs ALLEGHANIENSIS, B. g-G. Mountain Blacksnake.
10. OpHIBoLUs GETULUS, B. §-G....... Kingsnake.
ite sa eximius, B.¢ G....... Housesnake.
12. BAscaNION constTRicror, B.¢ G... Blacksnake.
13. CHLOROSOMA VERNALIS, B.g-G.... Greensnake.
14, Diapopuis punctatus, B.f-G..... Ringsnake.
15. CeLuTa aMa@naé, B. § G....... 200s Wormsnake.

. STORERIA DEKAYI, B. §- G......... Spotted-snake.

fmt pet
aS

ef OCCIPITO-MACULATA, B... Redbellied-snake.

In addition to these, some seven or more species will, in all
probability, be hereafter detected in the State : these are, Crotalo-
phorus massasauga, Kirtuanp (C. kirtlandii, Horzroox), in the
west ; Werodia agassizii and Scotophis vulpinus, from the north-
west; Nerodia nigra, from the north ; Heterodon niger and Regina
Beside: from the south, and Pityophis Fe lewcus from the south-
east.

* The numbers attached to the species are the same as on the corresponding figures
of the plates.

104 | Senate

The following analytical table will be found to contain, in a
condensed form, a key to the subsequent classification of genera.

SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES AND GENERA.

Family I: Crorauip#. Ercctible poison fangs, in front; few tecth im
upper jaw; a deep pit on side of face, between the eye and
nostril.

Family II : Conusripa. No pit nor poison fangs ; both jaws fully pro-
vided with teeth ; no anal appendages.

FAMILY I : CROTALID A.

al Aol a, wattle ; with small sca'e-like plates. .CRoTa.us.

: with large plates arranged as
f head co ae © i
Hep oe vas IDC OULD CI cco e ea ete wee .. «CROTALOPHORUS.

Pri i, eA ea ete ts tlh op Aparcear G Be. S NTS A ky ANCISTRODON.

entire. .-ceec. HuUTmNis.

Three. Postabdominal seutellz
' divided NERODIA.

REGINA..

Postorbitals

Scoropnis.

Seales carinated.

Numerous. Labials not in orbit Hetrropon.

LEMME ree eieve ties wiekeie sleale eke tate eiererels seal rveters areca ere OpxrBoLvs.
Divided. ( Long, narrow. Lower anteorbital minute. Baseanron.

Vertical

( CuLoRosoma.
plate | Broad, short. Nasal.. <
l

|
| Two. -Anteorbitals

ANTEORBITALS and LORALS both present.
Ne:

Scales smocth.
Postab. scutella

VO..ceeeee DIADOPHIS.

. ANTEORBITALS absent. Scales smooth. .......--sceecccss

i Loran absent. Scales carinated

I shall now proceed to give a bricf description of the genera
and species of serpents inhabiting New-York, with some general
remarks upon each.

a hn
25
- es

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES

OF

NEW-YORK SERPENTS.

Genus CROTALUS, Liyn.

Gren. Cuan. Upper surface of head covered with small plates, scale-like,
with a few larger ones in front. The tail is terminated by a well deve-
loped rattle. A deep pit between the eyes and the nostrils. Subcaudal

seutellze entire. Temporal and labial shields small and convex.

1. CroraLus purRissus*, L.— Rattlesnake.

Spec. Cuar. Head angular. Scales between the supercillaries small, numerous,
uniform. Plates above snout, 2 anterior frontal, and 5 postfrontal. Suborbital
chain continuous, of large scales : two rows between this and labials. Labials
12-14 above, fifth largest; 18 —- 15 below. Rows of scales on the back 28 — 25,
all carinated : carination on outer row obsolete. Tail black. Above sulphur-
brown, with 2 rows of confluent brown lozenges. Light line from superciliary to
angle of the mouth: behind this a dark patch, 166, 25, 23, 42, 5 (Pennsylvania).

SYNONYMS.
Crotalus durissus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 1766, 8372.— Gm. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii.
I. iii. 1788, 1081. Hotpr. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 9. Pl. i+ Dexay,
N. Y. Fauna, Pt. III. 1842, 55. Pl. ix. fig. 19.— Storer, Rep. Rept. of Mass.
1839, 233.— Barrp & Girarp, Catal. N. Am. Serpents, 1853, 1.
Vipera caudisona americana, Catuss. Nat. Hist. Carol. IJ. 1748, 41. Pl. 1xi.
Northern Rattlesnake.

The Crotalus durissus, or northern rattlesnake, is more extensively dis-
tributed throughout the United States than any other of the genus. It is

® The numbers preceding the specific name are the same with the corresponding figures on the plates.

106 [SenaTE

common in the hilly or rocky districts of the Northern Atlantic States:
extending to Florida, Alabama and Louisiana in the south; the Red river of
Arkansas, and Iowa (possibly further) in the west. On the seacoast, it ap-
pears to he replaced by Crotalus adamanteus. Tt has, however, not yet been
detected in Texas, New-Mexico or California, where its place is supplied by
other species. In New-York, it seems to be most abundant on the shores
of Lake George and Lake Champlain ; especially in Rattlesnake mountain
of the former, and Rattlesnake den of the latter, a rocky bluff between
Westport and Essex. It is a little remarkable that the rattlesnake does not
occur in the Adirondack regions of New-York; at least, an instance has
never come to my knowledge. Such a region in Pennsylvania would be in-
fested by them.

The bite of the rattlesnake, when received in a large bloodyessel, is most
generally fatal; although, fortunately, the chances are against this point of
attack. Various remedies have been proposed : among them, the application
of tight ligatures between the wound and the centres of the body ; scarifica-
tion and suction; application of ammonia, olive oil, and the use of large
doses of brandy or other spirituous liquor. All of these may be properly
used, and it is a singular fact that a very large dose of spirits generally fails
to produce intoxication. Many plants are supposed to possess remedial yir-
tues ; thus, a plaster of bruised leaves and stems of Impatiens pallida or
fulva has a wide-spread reputation both among indians and whites. Species
of plantain, Scrophularza, Scutellaria, Hieracium, etc., are also recom-
mended. Little or no danger is to be apprehended to the operator in sucking
a wound of this kind, if the mouth be sound ; repeated experiment going to
show that the poison is inert in the stomach. I have myself (rather foolishly,
I must confess) swallowed nearly the entire contents of one gland of a large
rattlesnake. Many persons put great faith in the application of powdered
indigo to the wound, as also of iodine.

Genus CROTALOPHORUS, Gray.

Gen. Cuan. Upper surface of the head covered with nine large plates, as
seen in Coluber and allied genera. The tail terminates in a rattle,
generally smaller than in Crotalus. A deep pit between the eye and
nostril, as in Crotalus. Subcaudal scutelle entire, except a few at the

end of the tail, which are bifid.

i

No. 50.] 107

Syn. Crotalophorus, Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, 205.— B. & G. Catal.
of North-American Serpents, 1853, 1.

2. CROTALOPHORUS TERGEMINUS, Holbr.— Massasauga.

Spec. Cuan. Twenty-five rows of dorsal scales, strongly carinated ,with the excep-
tion of the first row, which is perfectly smooth. Vertical plate subhexagonal,
pointed posteriorly. Seven longitudinal series of blotches. A narrow band of
yellowish white extends from the pit to the neck, in passing close to the angle of
the mouth. 150, 21-+-1, 25, 292, 2% ( Wisconsin).

SYNONYMS.
Crotalus tergeminus, Say, Long’s Exp. Rocky Mts. I. 1823, 499.— Hart. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. iii. 1827, 372.
Crotalophorus tergeminus, Houpr. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 29. Pl. vy — B.&.G.
Catal. N. Am. Serp. (1853) , 1—Gesu. 6th Rep. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 1853, 22.
Crotalophorus, Acass. Lake Sup. 1850, 381. Pl. vi. fig. 6-8.
Prairie Rattlesnake, Massasauga.

As this species is not included in Dexay’s Fauna of New-York, I give a
detailed description, taken from a specimen caught in Wisconsin ; referring
to the Report of the State Cabinet as above quoted, for the description of
the New-York specimen.

The ground color above is brown : the blotches are deep chestnut-brown,
blackish externally, and with a yellowish white margin. The dorsal blotches
are thirty-four in number from the head to the region opposite the anus,
twenty-six of which are transversely and irregularly oblong, anteriorly and

posteriorly emarginated ; less so, however, posteriorly : eight are subcireu-

lar. Five or six exist on the tail from the anus to its tip, extending on the

sides, the last two forming sometimes a complete ring. The next series on
either side is composed of small blotches, but as intensely colored as in the
other series : they alternate with the dorsal ones : they have no regularity
either in outline or position. The second lateral row is composed of the largest
lateral blotches : they are transversely oblong or oval on the second, third,
fourth, fifth, and sixth rows of scales, and opposite the blotches of the dorsal
series ; consequently alternating with the third series above. The first lateral
Series again is composed of blotches intermediate in size between those of the
third and second series : they occupy the first and second rows of scales, and
extend somewhat to the abdominal scutelle, and alternating with the ad-
joing series. Two undulated yittee extend from the supraorbital plates along
the neck to the first dorsal blotch, and often confluent with the latter. A
linear vitta, margined with yellowish white, extends from the posterior edge

108 [Senate

of the eye to the sides of the neck : the inferior yellow margin is the
broadest, and passes from the pit close to the angle of the mouth, turing ©
forward to the middle of the lower jaw, enclosing a semi-elliptical brown
patch. Two elongated yellowish spots may be observed, diverging from both
sides of the pit to the lip. The cephalic plates are deep chestnut-brown : a
transverse light brown band extends across the head from one orbit to the
_ other.

Beneath blackish brown, mixed with yellow.

This species of rattlesnake has recently been added to the fauna of New-
York, in a communication by Mr. Jonn Grsuarp, the able Curator of the
State Cabinet, in the Sixth Report of the State Cabinet, as follows :

“‘The specimen in the State Cabinet was presented by the Hon. Leyr
Fisk of the town of Byron, Genesee county, N.Y. Their habitat is a white-
cedar swamp in said town, containing an area of about one thousand acres.
During the summer season they leave the swamp, and go into the adjoining
fields of grain, where they remain till autumn, when they return to the swamp
and hibernate. They haye not been observed at any other locality in this
State. The entire length of the specimen is two feet : it has 139 abdominal
plates, and 23 entire and 3 bifid under the tail, upon which there are only
three rattles remaining. Mr. FisK states that one was killed last summer,
that had fourteen rattles, and was a little over two feet in length; which
may be considered’ as the maximum size of the species” (p. 22).

Crotalophorus tergeminus appears to be quite a northern species ; oc-
curring also in Northern Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, and
on the plains probably to the base of the Rocky Mountains. In the south it
is replaced by C. méléarius ; and in Texas and Mexico, by the closely allied
C. consors and edwardsiz. On the plains it is a frequent associate of the
burrowing owl (Athene hypogea) in the holes of the prairie dog, although
other species of rattlesnakes have the same habit.

Its powers of injury are considerably less than those of the Crotalus
durissus, being rarely sufficient to produce death in large animals. It is
generally found in dry ridges of the prairies; being distinguished in this
from the black magsgassauga, or Crotalophorus massasauga, KIRTLAND
(C. kirtlandii, Hous.), which usually inhabits the swampy grounds of
Northern Ohio. This latter species may be looked for, at some time or other,

in the western part of the State. .

a

No. 50.] 109

thy ;

'

Grenus ANCISTRODON, Bravv.

Gen. Coan. A deep pit between nostril and the eye. Nine plates on top
of head. Without rattle. Poison fangs as in Crotalus. One pair of
occipitals. A loral between the nasal and anterior orbitals. Labials
excluded from the orbit by the presence of suborbital plates. Scales
carinated : rows 23 in number. Subcaudal scutellze divided posteriorly.
Sometimes a small plate between the vertical and postfrontals. Habits

terrestrial.

Syn. Agkistrodon, PAL. pp Buauv. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Philad.
1799, 381.

3. ANCISTRODON CONTORTRIX, B. & G.— Copperhead.

Spec. CHar. Loral present. Labials not entering into the orbit. Dorsal rows of
scales 23. Color light chestnut, with inverted Y-shaped darker blotches on the
sides. Labials yellowish white. 150, 40+10, 23, 272, 33 (Ohio).

SYNONYMS.

Boa contortriz, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 273.— Gu. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I. iii. 1788,
1082.

Agkistrodon mokason, Brauy. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Philad. IV. 1799, 380.

Scytalus cupreus, Ravin. Amer. Journ. Sci. I. 85.— Haru. Med. and Phys. Res.
1835, 180.

Trigonocephalus cenchris, Scuu. Ess. Phys. Serp. Part descr. 1837, 553. Pl. xx.
fig. 10 and 11.

Lrigonocephalus contortrix, House. N. Amer. Herp. II. 1888, 69, pl. xiv.; and
2d ed. ITT. 1842, 39, pl. vili— Duxay, N.Y. Fauna, III. 1842, 53, pl. ix. f.18.

Agkistrodon contortriz, B. & G. Catal. N. Am. Serpents (1853), 17.

The copperhead snake is a vicious species, and its bite is equally to be
dreaded with that of the large rattlesnakes. The remedies for its bite are the
same. It rarely, however, attains the dimensions of the Crotalus durissus,
the largest specimen we have ever seen not exceeding three feet. Fortunately
it is at the present day comparatively rare throughout the United States ;
being, indeed, almost entirely exterminated in many localities where once
abundant. Its range is much the same as that of the northern rattlesnake,
and it is even found in Central Texas, where I have never known the Cro-
talus durissus to occur. It is abundant in Missouri and Louisiana. Like the

rattlesnakes, and some other genera, the copperhead is ovo-viviparous.

No. 50.] 110

Genus HEUTANNIA, Barry & Grrarp.

Gren. CuAr. Body moderately stout in some species, slenderer in others.
Scales carinated. Skin very extensible. Cephalic plates normal. Anterior
orbitals 1; posterior, 8. Abdominal scutellee all entire ; subcaudal,
divided. Dorsal rows of scales 19-21. Abdominal scutellee 140-170;
subcaudal, 50 — 120. General color, three light stripes on a darker
ground : intervals with alternating or tessellated spots. Abdomen with-
out square blotches. Mostly terrestrial. Many of the species are ovo-

viviparous.

Syn. Eutainia, B. & G. Catal. N. Am. Serpents (1853), 24.

4. Hurania sAunita, B. & G.— Ribbonsnake.

Spec. Cuar. Body very slender, elongated. Tail very long. Lateral stripe on the
third and fourth rows of scales : dorsal rows 19. Color above, light chocolate :
three stripes of uniform yellow; below the lateral stripes, light brown. Abdomen
greenish white. On an average, the length of the tail is more than one-third the
total length. 156, 115, 19, 35, 124 ( Pennsylvania).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber saurita, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 1766, 885.— Gu. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I. iii.
1788, 1109.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1825, 352.— Srorur, |
Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 229.— Tomes. Hist. of Verm. 1842, 115.

Leptophis sauritus, Horpr. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 21, pl. iv— Dexay, N.Y.
Fauna, 1842, 47, pl. xi. fig. 24. :

Eutainia saurita, B.& G. Catal. N. Am. Serpents (1853), 24.

This slender and graceful serpent, as far as I know, is confined pretty
much to that portion of the United States east of the Mississippi, being in-
deed most abundant in the region of the Allegheny mountains. In the far west
it is replaced by E. proxima, and other allied species. It is generally found
near the edge of woods, and not unfrequently in or about the water, in which
it seems perfectly at home. It is unnecessary, perhaps, to say of this species,
what is perfectly true of all the N ew-York species except the rattlesnakes
and copperhead, that it is entirely harmless ; its bite, if it should inflict one,
being similar in its ‘effects to the scratch or puncture of a pin.

No. 50.] 111

5. HUTaNIA sIRTALIS, B. §- G.— Striped-snake. Gartersnake.

Spec. Cuar. Body stout. Lateral stripe on the second and third lateral rows of
scales. Olivaceous brown above the lateral stripes, sometimes nearly black : be-
neath these, greenish white. Dorsal stripe narrow, encroached upon by the spots.
Lateral stripes not conspicuous. Two or three rows of small indistinct spots, often
not perceptible, especially the lower : about 70 from-head to anus. 151, 80,
19, 21, 54 (New-York).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber sirtalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 1766, 888.—@Gm. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I. iii.
1788, 1107.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. V. 1827, 352.— Storer,
Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 221.

Tropidonotus bipunctatus, Scuu. Ess. Physiogn. Serp. Part. descr. 1827, 820.

Tropidonotus sirtalis, Houpr. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 41, pl. xi.

Tropidonotus tenia, Dexay, N. York Fauna, Rept. 1842, 48, pl. xiii. fig. 27.

Eutainia sirialis, B.& G. Catal. N. Am. Serpents (1853), 30.

The well known gartersnake is perhaps more abundant in New-York than
any other species. Its distribution is very extensive, embracing the whole of
the United States east of the Mississippi. It is especially common in the
Adirondack region, where other species, except those of Storeria, seldom
occur. It is generally found near the water. .

The gartersnake is ovo-viviparous, and gives birth to an almost incredible
number of young, Some years ago I killed a gravid female, on the Allegheny
river, at Foxburg ( Pa.), from which I took eighty-three young ones, six
inches in length each. a

112 [Sewat

Genus NERODIA, Bairp & Grrarpv.

GEN. Cuar. Body generally stout, and almost all the species attaining a

large size. Tail one-fifth or one-fourth of the total length. Scales cari-—

nated. Cephalic plates normal. Anterior orbitals generally 1, occasional-
ly 2; posterior 3, occasionally 2. Last and sometimes penultimate
Ebaowinal scutellee bifid ; subcaudal, all bifid or divided. Dorsal rows
of scales 23 — 29. Abdominal scutelle 133 — 154 ; subcaudal, 66 — 80.
General color, three series of dark blotches on a lighter ground, some-
timest almost uniform brown or blackish. Abdomen unicolor or macu-

lated. Habits aquatic.

Syn. Nerodia, B. & G. 1. ¢. (18538), 388.

6. NeEropia stPepoNn, B. §- G.— Watersnake.

Spec: Coar. Head rather narrow, elongated. One anteorbital; three postorbitals.
Vertical plate smaller, and occipitals larger than in N. fasciata. Length of ver-
tical equal to commissural line of occipitals. Inframaxillary plates extending near
to posterior extremity of seventh lower labials. Dull brown, with narrow trans-
verse light bands margined with black. Dorsal rows 28, 142+1, 68, 28, 35, 83
( Penn.).

SYNONYMS. ;

Coluber stpedon, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 1766, 379.— Gu. LZ. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I, iii.
1788, 1098.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 351.— THomes.
Hist. of Verm. 1842, 118. !

Coluber pecilogaster, Max. Wirp. Reise Inn. Nord. Amer. I. 1889, 106.

Tropidonotus sipedon, Horse. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 29, pl. vii— Dewar, N.
York Fauna, III. 1842, 42, pl. xiv. f. 31.

Nerodia sipedon, B. & G. 1. c. (1853), 38.

The watersnake is an abundant species, although, from living along the
edge of the water, and plunging in on the slightest alarm, it is not often
captured. It may sometimes be seen in large numbers, coiled together in some
bush overhanging a stream or pond.

This species has not a very extended range, being replaced in the Southern
States by the NV. fascéata, and in the far west by other species. It is, how-
ever, abundant from Massachusetts to Wisconsin, and as far south as Virginia
and Qhio.

No. 50.] 113

Genus REGINA, Batrp & Grirarp.

GEN. Cuar. Body slender. Tail subconical, very much tapering, forming
one-third or one-fourth of the total length. Head conical, continuous
with the body, and preportionally small. Eyes large. Mouth deeply cleft.
Labials small. Loral and nasads large. Scales carinated. Cephalic plates
normal. Anterior orbitals 2, occasionally 1 ; posterior 2, occasionally 3.
Last, and sometimes last but one abdominal scutellee bifid or divided.
Subcaudal scutelle all divided. Dorsal rows of scales 19 — 21. Abdo-
minal scutelle 132 — 162; subcaudal, 52 — 86. General color, five or
more longitudinal dark bands on a lighter ground. Abdomen unicolor,

or likewise provided with similar bands. Aquatic.

Syn. Regina, B. & G. Lc. (1853), 45.

7. RuGina LEBERIS, B. g- G.— Yellowbellied-snake.

Spec. Cuaz. Chestnut-brown, with a lateral yellow band, and three narrow black
dorsal vittze. Abdomen yellowish, with four brown bands, two of which are Ja-
teral and two medial. Dorsal rows of scales 19, all carmated. 14442, 81, 19,
233, 63% ( Penn.).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber leberis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. I. 1766, 216— Gm. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii.
I. iii. 1788, 1086.— Suaw, Gen. Zool. III. iii. 1802, 433.

Coluber septemvittatus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. TV. 1825, 240 —Haru.

Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 855; and Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 118.

Tropidonoius leberis, House. N. Amer. Herp. IV. 1842, 49, pl. xili.— Dexay, N.
York Fauna, Rept. 1842, 45, pl. xi f. 28.

Regina leberis, B. & G. 1. c. (1853), 45.

«

This species is quite as aquatic in its habits as the Nerodza szpedon. It is
generally found along the banks of shallow brooks, especially where the sides
and bed are covered by loose stones. It frequently occurs coiled up under
broad flat stones in shallow streams. Its range extends from New-York to
Wisconsin, and it is abundant in many parts of Pennsylvania and Ohio,
particularly in the mountains, although it has not yet been detected further -
south.

[Senate No. 50.] 8

114 [Ssxatz

Genus HETERODON, Pau. pre BEAuv..

Gun. Coan. Body short, stout = tail short. Head, neck, and body capable
of excessive dilatation. Posterior palatine teeth longer. Head broad,
short. Outline of mouth. very convex, on a single curve. Orbit enclosed
by a continuous chain of small plates ; the circle completed above by
the superciliaries. Rostral prominent : its anterior face very broad, and
tured up ; its ridge above sharp. Behind it a median plate, either in
contact with the frontals or separated by small plates. Frontals in two
pairs : nasals two; loral one or two. Dorsal rows of scales 23 — 27,,
earinated.. Abdominal, scutelle. 125 — 150 ;. posterior bifid. Subcaudal
scutellee all bifid. |

Colors. light, with dorsal and lateral darker blotches ; or else brown, with

dorsal transverse light bars : sometimes entirely black.

Syn.. Heteraden, Pau. DE Bravy.. in Larr. Hist. Nat. des Rept. IV.
1799.

8. HETERODON PLATYREINOS, Latr.— Blowing Viper.

Spec. Cuar. Occipitals and verticals longer than broad, about equal in length.
Centre of eye anterior. Dorsal rows 25, all carinated; the outer sometimes.
smooth. Keels of the scales extending to their tips. Scales on the back quite
linear anteriorly ;. posteriorly they are much broader. Color yellowish gray or
brown, with about 28 dark dorsal blotches from head to anus, and 15 half-rings.
on the tail. One or two lateral rows.. Beneath yellowish. A dark band across the:
forehead in front of the vertical, continued through the eye to the angle of the:
mouth. 1294-1, 53, 25, 28, 6 ¢ Penn.).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber heterodon, Davy. Hist. Nat. Rept. VII. 1799, 153, pl.lx.. fi 28.— Say,.
Amer. Journ..of Sc. I. 1818, 261.— Harn. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. V.
1827, 357; and Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 120.

Heterodon platyrhinos, Marr. Hist. Nat. Rept. IV. 1799, 32, f. 1-3— Honpr.
N. Amer. Herp. II. 1828, 97, pl.xxi.; and 2d ed. IV. 1842, 67, pl. xvii.—
Dexay, N.Y. Fauna, IIT. 1842, 51, pl. xiii. f. 28 —B. & G. 1. c.. (1853), 51.

This curiously formed snake, known as Hognose, Blowing Viper, Spreading
and Checkered Adder, etc., although supposed to be venomous, is perfectly

No. 50.] : f 1 I 5

harmless and exceedingly inoffensive, notwithstanding its threatening ap-
pearance when flattening the head and body, and emitting a succession of
hisses, similar, on a very small scale, to an engine letting off steam. To those
familiar with the habits of this species in making these sibilant sounds, the
question mooted in the papers, some years since, appeared supremely ridicu-
lous, in view of the grave assertions to the contrary by some of the disputants.
It is found throughout the United States, though scarcely extending far
beyond the Missouri river.

Genus SCOTOPHIS, Barrp & GIRARD.

Gen. Cuan. Form colubrine. Body cylindrical, very long ; many indivi-
duals attainmg a very large size, perhaps the largest of all North-
American serpents. Head elongated, rather narrow. Vertical plate very
broad, sometimes wider than long. Posterior frontals very large. Post-
orbitals 2 : anteorbitals 1, generally very large; the longitudinal ex-
tension of this, and of the postfrontals, producing a much elongated
muzzle. Mouth deeply cleft ; outline nearly straight. Dorsal rows of
scales 23 — 29 : those along the back slightly carmated (9 as 15 rows) ;
on the sides, smooth. Abdominal scutellec from 200 to 235 ; posterior
bifid : subcaudals all bifid.

Color brown or black, in quadrate blotches on the back and on the sides,
separated by lighter intervals. Abdomen usually coarsely blotched with
darker. In one species, dark stripes on a light ground. Although very
large and powerful, many of the species of the genus are characterized by

their extreme gentleness, rarely become enraged even when provoked.

Syn. Scotophis, B. & G. 1. ¢. (1853), 73.

9. ScoroPHis ALLEGHANIENSIS, B. §- G.— Mountain Blacksnake.

Srrc. Cuan. Vertical plate longer than broad. Posterior upper labial largest. Outér
7 rows of scales smooth : dorsal rows 27. Abdominal scutellz 235. Color black ;
below, mottled anteriorly with white. White edges to some scales, imparting an
appearance of dorsal and lateral blotches, especially inthe young. 234-+1, 86,
27, 594, 10% ( Penn.).

116 [ Senate

a SYNONYMS. nN
Coluber alleghuniensis, Hoursr. N. Amer. Herp. I. 1836, 111, pl. xx.; and 2d ed-

III. 1842, 85, pl. xix.— Drexay, N.Y. Fauna, Rept. 1842, 36, pl. xii. f. 26.
Scotophis alleghaniensis, B. & G. 1. c. (1853), 73.

This species, usually confounded with the common blacksnake, may be
readily distinguished by the carination of the central dorsal rows of scales,
_as well as by the exhibition of the white edges of the scales when these are
separated. It attains a very large size ; greater, perhaps, than any others in
this country, except Georgia couperz, and the species of Pztyophis. It is
much more sluggish than the true blacksnake, and not at all belligerent when
provoked. It probably ascends trees in pursuit of food, as I have killed one
with a brood of five young jaybirds in its stomach.

It is by no means a common species, although its range is quite extensive.

Genus OPHIBOLUS, Batrp & Girarp.

Grn. Cuar. Body rather thick : tail short. Dorsal rows 21 (in one group
23) ; the scales hexagonal, arranged in longitudinal series, broad, short,
scarcely overlapping, nearly as high as long, all perfectly smooth and

lustrous. Abdominal scutellee 180 — 220; posterior entire : subcaudal

all bifid. Head, short, depressed, but little wider than the body. Byes

very small. Vertical plate very broad. Postorbitals 2; the lower in
notch between the fourth and fifth labials. One anteorbital, like the
loral, small. Nasals 2, with the nostril between them. Upper labials 7.
Ground-color black, brown or red, crossed by lighter intervals generally

bordered with black.

Syn. Ophibolus, B. & G. 1. c. (1853), 82.

10. OpxisoLus ceruLus, B. §- G.— Chainsnake.

Spec. Cuan. Black, crossed by about thirty narrow continuous yellow lines, which
bifurcate on the flanks; the very obtuse angles embracing on each side a series
of very much elongated patches, and, in fact, by the union of the branches with
each other, dividing the back into a succession of large black hexagons. 224,
48, 21, 304, 44 (S. Car.).

No. 50.] 117

SYNONYMS.

Coluber getulus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1.1766, 382.— Gm. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I. iii.
1788, 1106.— Hart. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 358; and Med. &
Phys. Res. 1885, 122.— Prax, Cont. Macl. Lyc. I. 1829, pl. v—Dnray, N.
York Fauna, III. 1842, pl. x. f. 21.

Pseudoelaps getulus, Fitz. N. Class. Rept. 1826, 56.

Coronella getula, House. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 95, pl. xxi.

Anguis annulatus, Catess. Nat. Hist. Carol. II. 1748, 52, tab. lii.

Ophibolus getulus, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 85.

The chainsnake is quite maritime in its northern distribution, being rarely
found in the Northern States except near the coast. It is occasionally seen in
Long Island, according to Dr. DEKAY, and more frequently in Eastern New-
Jersey. It is quite abundant in the Southern States. I have no evidence of
its occurrence west of the Mississippi on the southern coast.

This species is sometimes called Kingsnake ; and is said to wage a deadly
warfare against the different species of rattlesnakes, killmg and devouring
them on every occasion.

11. OpxisBoits Eximius, B. g- G.— Housesnake.

Spec. Cuan. Grayish ash, with one dorsal series of upwards of fifty transversely
elliptical chocolate blotches, with two other alternating lateral] series on each
side. 214, 54, 21, 402, 53 ( New-York).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber eximius, Dexkay, ( MSS.) and N.Y. Fauna, Rept. 1842, 38, pl. xii. f. 25.
— Hart. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 360; and Med. & Phys. Res.
1835, 123.— Srormr, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 227.

Pseudoelaps Y, Berta. Abh. K. Ges. Wiss. Gott. I. 1848, 67, pl. i. f. 11 & 12.

Ophibolus eximius, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 87.

Housesnake, Milksnake, Chickensnake, Thunder-and-lightning-snake.

The harmless milk- or housesnake, so well known from its habit of coming
into the vicinity of houses, is quite common in the Northern States. It only
occurs as far west as the Mississippi river. Its southern limit is uncertain,
- from its having been confounded with the closely allied O. clericus. B..& G@.

118 [Senare

Genus BASCANION, Barmp & Girarp.

Gen. Cuar. Body slender, elongated : tail very long. Head narrow, deep,
long. Mea large. Postorbitals 2 : anterior 2; upper very large,
lower very small, in a notch between the second and third labials.
Fourth labial produced up behind the eye, to meet the lower pastortatal!
Loral 1; nasals 2. Vertical much elongated and narrow, concave ex-
ternally. Dorsal rows of scales 17, all perfectly smooth and subhexago-
nal. Abdominal scutelle 170 — 200 ; posterior one divided : nanan
90 — 110, all bifid. Colors black or olive ; uniform above, lighter be-
low. Skin between the scales black. Young blotched,

Syn. Bascanion, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 93.

12. Bascanton constrictor, B. g- G.— Blacksnake.

Spee. Guar. Vertical diminishing for half its length, then parallel. Centre of eye
over the fourth labial. In the adult, color lustrous piteh-black; above and be-
neath greenish black, sometimes tinged with greenish white : chin and throat
white. The young are olive, with rhomboidal dorsal blotehes ; beneath greenish
white. 178+1, 93, 17, 403, 108 ( Penn.).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber constitctor, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 1766, 385.— Gm. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii.
I. iii. 1788, 1109.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VY. 1827, 348; and
Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 112.— Scuu. Ess. Phys. Serp. Part. deser. 1837, 1838,
pl. v. f. 3 and 4.— Srorrer, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 225. Honpr. N. Amer.
Herp. III. 1842, 55, pl. xi— Tnomps. Hist. of Verm. 1842, 117.— Duxay, N.
York Fauna, Rept. 1842, 35, pl. x. f. 20.

Hierophis. constrictor, Bonar. Fn. Ital. 11. 1841, Art. Ool. leopard.

Vipera niger, Caress. Nat. Hist. Carol. IJ. 1743, 48, tab. xlviii.

Blacksnake, Kaum, Reise N. Amer. II. 1764, 202.— Prnw. Arct. Zool. Suppl. II.
1792, 92.

Bascanion constrictor, B. & G. 1. c. 1858, 98.

The blacksnake, or blue racer, is well known to every one, from its abun-
dance and marked traits of character. It ranges over the whole United States

east of the Missouri river : how much further west it extends, is not yet
ascertained.

No. 50.] 119

Genus CHLOROSOMA, Wact.

‘GEN, CHar. Head elongated, ovoidal, separated from the body by a slén-

der neck : snout protruding. Cephalic plates normal. One nasal plate,

_ with the nostril in the centre : one loral : one anteorbital ; two post-

orbitals. Eyes very large. Mouth deeply cleft. Tail slender, between }

and } of total length. Scales all perfectly smooth. Postabdominal scu-
tella bifid : subcaudal all bifid. Color uniform.

Syn. Chlorosoma, Wact. Nat. Syst. der Amph. 1830, 185.

13. CHLoRosoMA veRNALIs, B. ¢- G.— Greensnake.

Spec. Coar. Uniform green; darker above, lighter beneath. Dorsal scales in fifteen
rows. 1384-1, 70, 15, 18, 54 ( New-York).

SYNONYMS.
Coluber vernalis, Dexay, MSS.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1897,
361; and Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 124-— Srormr, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 224.
— Horse. N. Amer. Herp. IIT. 1842, 79, pl. xvii— Drxay, N. York Fauna,
Rept. 1842, 40, pl. xi. f. 22.— Tomes. Hist. of Yerm. 1842, 117.
‘Chlorosoma vernalis, B. & G. l. c. 1853, 108.

This gentle and harmless species, which Dr. Dexay was the first to in-
troduce to the notice of the scientific world, is generally known as the green
or grass-snake. It is quite northern in its distribution, extending from Maine
+o Wisconsin, and not hitherto found south of Virginia on the Atlantic coast.

126 [Senate

Genus DIADOPHEIS, Batrp & Grrarp.

Gen. Coan. Head subelliptical, elongated, depressed, distinct from the:
body. Cephalic plates normal. Two postorbitals, and two anteorbitals.
A well-developed loral. Two nasals ; nostril between. Eyes large. Mouth
deeply cleft. Body slender, subcylindrical : tail tapering. Scales smooth,
disposed in 15 or 17 rows. Postabdominal scutellee bifid : subcaudak
all divided. Unicolor above, and generally with a light ring on the

occipital region : abdomen lighter, unicolor or punctate.

Syn. Diadophis, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 112.

14, Drapopuis punctatus, B. §- G.— Ringnecked-snake.

Sesc. Cain. A yellowish white occip’tal ring. Body bluish black above; yellowish
orange beneath, with a medial series of spots, sometimes absent. Tail beneath
unicolor. Dorsal scales in 15 rows. Eye above the fourth and fifth upper labials-
148-+-1, 58, 15, 133, 3 ¢ Penn.).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber punctatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 1776, 376.— Ga. L. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. I.
iii. 1788, 1089.— Haru. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 354; and Med.
& Phys. Res. 1835, 117.— Srorrr, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 225.— Honpr. N.
Amer. Herp. 2d ed. II. 1842, 81, pl. xviii Dexay, N.Y. Fauna, III. 1842,
39, pl. xiv. f. 29.

Spiletes punctatus, Swans. Nat. Hist. of Fish. Amph. & Rept. II. 1839, 364.

Calamaria punetata, Scuu. Ess. Phys. Serp. Part. deser. 1837, 39.

Diadophis punctatus, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 112.

This beautiful species is common in the mountainous districts of Penn-
sylvania and Virginia, and extends from Maine to Wisconsin, being also
widely distributed in the south. It is frequently found coiled up beneath flat
stones, and the fallen bark of logs, in which situations I have sometimes
found as many as twenty in a single day. In Texas, and the far west, it is
replaced by other allied species.

j No. 50.] | 121

Genus CELUTA, Barrp & GrraRp.

Gen. Car. Head elongated, subelliptical, continuous with the body.
Cephalic plates normal : vertical broad. Superciliaries very small. One
nasal : nostril in the middle. No anteorbital. Orbit formed chiefly by
the loral, which is large, and slightly by the postfrontals. Scales smooth.
Postabdominal scutellze bifid : subcaudals divided. Unicolor.

Differs from Brachyorrhos in haying two pairs of frontals, and smooth scales.

Syn. Celuta, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 129.

15. CrLtuta amana, B. g G.— Wormsnake.

Spec. Cuar. Above uniform chestnut-brown, opalescent ; light yellow ( bright
salmon-color in life) beneath. Dorsal scales in 18 rows. 128+1, 30, 18, 113,
13 ( Penn.).

SYNONYMS.

Coluber amenus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. IV. 1825, 237.— Haru.
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. V. 1827, 355; and Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 118.
—Srorer, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 226.

Calamaria amena, Scut. Ess. Phys. Serp. Part. descr. 1837, 31, pl. i. f. 19 & 20.
— Dexray, N.Y. Fauna, IIT. 1842, 49.

Brachyorrhos amenus, Houser. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 115, pl. xxvii.

Celuta amena, B. & G. 1. c. 18538, 129.

This curious species resembles in general shape and exterior a large earth-
worm, more than any other of our serpents. The glistening exterior, the blunt
tail, the head smaller than the body, and the reddish color, all tend to heigh-
ten the similarity. It is found under dry logs and stones, particularly in
mountainous regions, rarely being seen abroad. It is sparingly distributed
throughout the United States east of the Missouri.

122 [Senate

Genus STORERIA, Barrp & GrraRp.

Gen. Cuan. Head subelliptical, distinct from the body. Cephalic ‘plates
normal. Loral plate absent. Orbitals, two posterior, one or two ante-
rior. Nasals two, rather large. Body small, scarcely exceeding a foot in
length, subcylindrical : tail comparatively short, tapering. Dorsal scales
15 - 17 rows, all carinated. Abdominal scutellze 120 — 140 ; posterior
one bifid : subcaudal, all divided, from 41 to 51 im number. ‘Color

brown, with two dorsal dotted lines.

Syn. Storerza, B. & G. 1. c. 18538, 135.

16. Srorreria DEKAYI, B. § G.— Spotted-snake.

Spec. Cuan. One anterior and two posterior orbitals. Dorsal rows 17. Gray or
chestnut-brown above, with a clay-colored dorsal band margined by dotted
lines. A dark patch on each side of the occipital : a dark bar between this and
the eye, und two below the orbit. 128+1, 47, 17, 18, 28 ( New-York). :

SYNONYMS.
Tropidonotus dekayi, Hotsr. N. Amer. Herp. III. 1842, 63, pl. xiv.— Demay,,
N.Y. Fauna, Rept. 1842, 46, pl. xiv. f. 30.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, STORER, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1889, 228,
Storeria dekayi, B. & G. 1. c. 1858, 185.

This snake is exceedingly abundant in the Northern States, ranging from’
Maine to Wisconsin, and south to Florida and Texas. Indeed no other species
has a more extended distribution. It is everywhere associated ‘with the S.
oecipito-maculata. In New-York, it is very abundant along the shores of
Lake Champlain.

17. Srorerra occrprro-MAcuLATA, B. & G.

Spec. Cuar. Orbitals, two anterior, two posterior. Dorsal scales in 15 rows. Above
gray or chestnut-brown, sometimes with a paler vertebral line : beneath red, or
salmon-color. Three distinct light-colored spots behind the head, and a smaller
one on the fourth or fifth upper labial. 1244-1, 48, 15, 94, 12 ( New-York).

ti Rema, ay > Ee

al at

No. 50.] 193

SYNONYMS.
Tropidonotus oecipito-maculatus, StorER, Rep. Rept. Mass. 1839, 280.
Coluber venustus, Hattrow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. III. 1847, 274; and IV.
1849, 245.
Storeria occipito-maculata, B. & G. 1. c. 1853, 187.

Nostril almost entirely in the prenasal plate, im some cases the postnasal
not entering at all into it. Five to six upper labials, increasing in length
posteriorly : lower labials six to seven, similarly constituted. Vertical plate
hexagonal, shield-shaped. Muzzle rather broad. Eyes larger than in S. dekayé.

Color above light chestnut-brown, sometimes chestnut-gray, at others
olivaceous. A paler vertebral line from occiput to end of tail, about three
scales in width. On each side of this may be seen a series of minute brown
spots, produced by the brown bases of the Scales in the third row on each
side from the central series. Sometimes the brown covers the whole scale, and
gives rise to two dorsal Imes : at others it is almost entirely wanting ; and
this, connected as it generally is with a less distinct vertebral band, gives the
impression of ‘a uniform tint above. Upper margin of the exterior dorsal lines
brighter yellowish, giving the effect in some cases of a lateral narrow light
line. Abdomen, in life, salmon-color ; in alcohol, whitish yellow, with the
sides finely mottled with dark brown, sometimes obsoletely, at others con-
stituting very distinct bands : these generally do not encroach upon the
dorsal scales. Occasionally, however, the middle of the exterior row of scales
exhibits a dark stripe. Immediately behind the occipital plates, and on the
median line, is seen a dull salmon-colored blotch ; on each side of which, over
the angle of the jaws, is a similar smaller one : the intervals between these
blotches sometimes darker. A small salmon-colored spot on the fourth or fifth
upper labial, behind the orbit. Plates on the top of the head blotched with
darker. Lower jaw minutely dotted with brown.

DESCRIPTION OF A LIVING SPECIMEN cavcHT AT Westport (N.Y.),
Aveust 1847.— “Iris dark chesnut, rather lighter above and externally.
General color above dull chestnut-brown. Attentively examined, however,
when wet, there is seen a faint dorsal stripe of lighter color, bordered by a
line on each side of darker, which fades off to the abdominal scutellz until
the color is the same as the dorsal line, or even lighter. Behind the head are
three light yellowish brown occipital spots. Whole under parts, except the
chin or throat, bright brick-red : chin and throat white, mottled finely with
gray and black like pepper and salt. An irregularly defined stripe of the same
mottling along the sides from head to anus, crossing the abdominal scutellze
near the outside.”

124 [Senate

It is not a little remarkable that this beautiful serpent, with its striking
colors, its great abundance and extensive range, should so long have escaped
the notice of naturalists. It was entirely unknown to Dr. HoLBROoK, the
author of the great work on North-American Herpetology, as well as to Dr.
. Dexay, by whom it was not, of course, included in the Fauna of New-York.
As already stated, my first acquaintance with it was through Dr. AVERY J.
SKILTON of Troy, who showed me a living specimen in the summer of 1847.
I subsequently found it common on Lake Champlain, and have since seen
numerous specimens from all parts of the United States east of the Missouri
river. Associated everywhere with S. dekayz, it occurs in Texas, Louisiana,
Florida, &c., apparently in as great abundance as further north, where it
extends from Maine to Wisconsin..

The first notice of this species was given by Dr. Storm, in the Report
of the Reptiles of Massachusetts, 1839, where it is described under the name
of Tropidonotus occipito-maculatus. A specimen from Jake Superior was
subsequently described as Coluber venustus by Dr. HALLOWELL. Hitherto
it has not formally been introduced as an inhabitant of New-York, although
in this State apparently reaching its maximum of abundance.

Slooendis,

ORDER OF PUBLICATION OF THE VOLUMES OF NATURAL

HISTORY OF NEW-YORK.

| Tuts work is frequently called for, at the office of the Secretary
of State, by the number of the volumes, as Vol. 6, or Vol. 10. The
following is copied from the memoranda of ArcurpaLp CAMPBELL,
esquire, for a long time Deputy Secretary of State : |

ee ae on
wonroevennrte Fwn

a
be

15.

6.

Zootogy : Mammalia, 1842 (DEKay).
GeoLtoey : Third District (VANUX=EM).
Mineratoey (L. C. Brcx).

Geotoey : Fourth District (Emmons).
Zoorocy : Reptiles and Fishes, Text and Plates (DEKay).
GeoLoey : First District (MaTHEr).
Geotoay : Fourth District (Haut).
Zootoey : Mollusca and Crustacea (DEKAY).
Zootocy : Ornithology (DEKay).

Borany : Vol. 1 (Torrey).

Botany : Vol. 2 (TorREy).

AericuLture : Vol. 1 (Emmons).
Patzontotoey : Vol. 1 (HALL).
AGRIcULTURE : Vol. 2 (Emmons),

16 &17. Acricutture : Vols.3 & 4, Text and Plates (EMMons).

18.

Pat@ontotoey : Vol. 2 (Hatt).

Zloogndis,

MATERIALS BELONGING TO THE STATE,

WHICH ARE INTENDED TO BE USED IN COMPLETING THE PUBLICATION OF
THE NATURAL HISTORY,

Received into the Geological Rooms since the first day of January 1853.

DEPARTMENT OF PALAONTOLOGY.
RecEIveD, May 7, 1853, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed im-
pressions each, from Plates 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22, for the third
volume of the Palzontology.

ReEcEIveD, August 27th, 1853, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed
impressions each, from Plates 12, 13, 24, 25, 46 and 47, for the third volume
of the Palzontology.

REcEIvED, October 12th, 1853, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed
impressions each, from Plates 26, 27, 32, 37, 39, 40, 41 and 44, for the third
volume of Hall’s Palecontology.

RECEIVED, January 7th, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed
impressions each, from Plates 31, 33, 35 and 36, for the third volume of Hall’s
Palzontology.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

REcEIvED, February 18, 1853, of John E. Gavit, three thousand printed
impressions each, from Plates 18, 19, 20 and 21, for Emmons’s volume on
Insects.

* ha
Rep it) oss Ree

atlinlt he

ickae tiene £

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ae

-BIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

State of New-Work,

ON THE

CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

OF

A

NATURAL HISTORY,

| q HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

ANNEXED THERETO.

1 CLL a ae

Made to the Senate, January 15, 1855.

PPI L ALL IAL IDS LLIN

ALBANY:
oaks’ VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE.
No. 407 Broadway.

Srrncer F. Barn,

EIG nT ANNUAL REPORT

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

State of New-Dork,

ON THE

CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

OF

NATURAL HISTOR 4,

AND OF THE

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

ANNEXED THERETO.

Made to the Senate, January 15, 1855.

IY

ALBANY:
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE.
No. 407 Broadway.

mes i : , pe Snr +0,

gk in 9
eat |
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a WIAD ATATS BEE IO HO

; owe wh ake

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State of New-eMork.

No. 40.

IN SENATE, JAN. 15, 1859.

EIGHTii ANNUAL REPORT.

—_—_——_—_

TO THE HON. HENRY J. RAYMOND,
Lieutenant-Governor, and President of the Senate.

SIR:
] wave the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents of

the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History and the
Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto.

I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

4 G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
| January, 1855.

[Senate, No. 40.] 1 [u.n. 8001. 1500r.]

Na pe fi! 1

att me bi :

ev r
i hi og i

RC eT
se aati

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1855.

GERRIT Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
JOHN GREIG, Vice-Chancellor.

MYRON H. CLARK. Governor, ez offieco. 7

HENRY J. RAYMOND, Licutenant-Governor, ex officio.
ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State, ex officio.
VICTOR M. RICH, Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.

JOHN K. PAIGE.

ERASTUS CORNING.

PROSPER M. WETMORE.

JOHN L. GRAHAM.

JOHN M‘LEAN.

GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.

DAVID BUEL.

JAMES S. WADSWORTH.

JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.

JABEZ D. HAMMOND, LL.D.

JOHN L. O’SULLIVAN.

ROBERT CAMPBELL.

REV. SAMUEL LUCKEY, DD.

ROBERT G. RANKIN.

PHILIP 8S. VAN RENSSELAER.

JOHN N. CAMPBELL, DD.

T. ROMEYN BECK, Secretary.

STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS,

SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET. —

I8o4.

HORATIO SEYMOUR, Governor.

ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State.
‘ERASTUS CORNING.

JOHN K. PAIGE.

JOHN L. O’SULLIVAN.

1855.
MYRON H. CLARK, Governor.
ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State.
ERASTUS CORNING.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
JOHN K. PAIGE.

JOHN GEBHARD Junior, Curator.

JAMES A. HURST, Tazidermist. ;

PEPER T.

TO. THE LEGISLATURE, OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.
The Regents of the University
ReEsPEcCTFULLY Report :

That the extremely crowded condition of the present collection,
and the passage of the law for improving and enlarging the building
containing it, have prevented any unusual efforts for its increase.

A fair portion of success has, however, attended the labors of
our collector, in obtaining sundry animals and birds, and thus
filling up the few vacancies that remain in those departments.

Among those that have been added, are some which may be
deemed curiosities. A Deer, perfectly white, and which was taken
in Hamilten county in 1852, is of this descripticn. A pair of young
panthers, but a few months old, have, on account of their rarity
and the approaching extirpation of the species, also been purchased.

A few specimens have also been obtained for the other classes
of Natural History, principally by donations. The Regents have
the promise of a large collection of Fish native to this State, from
Professor Barrp of the Smithsonian Institution ; but for reasons
already intimated, they have been obliged to decline its reception
until some time during the current year.

Professor Dewey, of the Rochester University, has also promised
to present a collection of freshwater Shells, found in this State, and
which will form an important and much needed addition.

The specimens obtained in the remaining divisions of the State
Cabinet, and in the Antiquarian Collection, will be seen by refer-
ring to the Appendix.

8 [Senate

As usual, the Curator reports the materials depcsited with him
during the year, for the publication of the Natural History of New-
York.

The concluding article of the Appendix, by the Curator, consists |
of a catalogue of the Fish credited to the State of New-York by
the late Dr. Dexay, and of those which have been subsequently
published as such by later writers. From this, it will be seen how
imperfect this division still remains. As soon as the new arrange-
ment consequent on the renovation of the building can be com-
pleted, every effort will be made to diminish the deficiencies. In
the higher departments of Natural History, this has been nearly
accomplished.

By Order of the Regents.

G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
T. ROMEYN BECK, Secretary.

ACCOUNT CURRENT.

The Regents of the University, in account current with the or pre-
priation for preserving and increasing the “ State Cclinet cf
Natural Mistory, and the Histcrical and Antiquarian Ccllecticn
annexed theretu,” and for defraying the incidental expenses of

the same.
DR. nf ”
To balance of former appropriation remaining in bank
(See Senate Document of 1854, No. 50)........ $761 21
1854,

Oct.2. To cash received from the Comptroller, being the
annual appropriation for the State Cabinet from

October 1854,.to October 1855 ...........00- 800 00
$1561 21
| CR. ne
1854,
Jan. 13. By cash paid J. A. Hurst, taxidermist, quarter’s salary
to’ December 15 h803R 0, ol. Gere (No.1), $50 00

Jan. 21. By cash paid contingent expenses, 5 vouchers, including

130 glass-stopped bottles for the collection of fish

from the Smithsonian Institution....... (No: /2),". 32.01
Jan. 28. By cash pail J. A. Hurst for an albino decr, stuffed, 150 00
May 23. By cash paid J. A. Hurst, salary two quarters from

December 1, 1853, to June 1, 1854 .......... 100 00
June 2. By cash paid James A. Hurst, fur various preserved

animals, vix :

Black Bear (female), very large...... $75 00
Red) Wolticies.'::. ¢ RIN RROD NGS 50 00
Fisher, or Black Cat (female) ....... 30 00
*Great White Heron (presented)...... 10 00
Sea Lamprey Hel (presented) ....... 5 00
Elorsefoot; Crab, |. cbiseleisaeier seein oes 5 00
Bonaparte’s Gull (presented)........ 2 50
2 Silver-grey Squirrels (presented)... 5 75
Texas Frog (presented) ...... J deesie fo ELE

(No.5), 184 75

Carried forward.... $

* Acknowledged in last report.

1854,
July 3

Sept. 15.

&¢

Oct. 12.

Noy. 13.

Dec. 8.

10

Brought forward...
By cash paid for various contingent expenses :
Dexter & Nelligar, for camphor and alcohol for

Nee VERSIE) an ahs ie Mees mips $27 16
Directory and. express. charges........ 1 18
(No. 6), — 28 54
By cash paid J. A. Hurst, salary for quarter ending
September: 1) USI ie cccs ele pesichwis ply ayer (No.7), 50 00
By cash paid John Martindale, for Indian Relics found
at Make George acu + os + alain sci ole cine (No. 8), 3 75
By cash paid Nathan B. Cooley for specimens of Pe-
trified Wood? (supposed to indicate Coal), found
in“ Orange county... 0...) as osesese (No.9); 22 00
By cash paid for contingent expenses :
Weed & Parsons, printing and ee $12 75.
Freight on box from Orange county. . 196, -
(No. 10), 14 65
By cash paid J. A. Hurst, quarter’s salary to Dec. I,
shee ee eee eee seceichaeascicael ine (No. 11), 50 00
By cash for contingent expenses : ;
Van Heusen & Charles, glass bottles, $2 67
Curator’s. sundries for the Ge ae 2 00
(No. 12), — 4 67
By cash paid James A. Hurst for various preserved
animals, viz:
Two, Young, Panthers 100+. 00 Sem $100 00
Mintle (female) iy iic/ale ata erecay wane 25 eae 5, 00
Two Striped Squirrels (male and female), 5 00.
Two Bitterns (young) )stn.o.'e.. os 5 00
Blackcrowned Night-beron (presented), 5. 60
American Anpler (fish) ey. 6 andemectl of U0
Mounting Alligator (presented)....... 15. 00
Mounting Albino Striped Squirrel (do), 2 00 /
*Mounting Buffalo. Bony, Pike ....... 3 60
(No. 13), 144 00
Balance to. new. account: .........00. daeeete ioe
$1561 2)

[SenaTE

$

COPY.

T certify that there is: the-sum ofseven. hundred and: thirty- six 84-100 dollars
standing to the eredit of the State Cabinet of Natural History, on the books of
this bank. Arpany City Bank : December: 9, 1854.
(Signed) Ht If. MARTIN, Cashier.

We have examined the above account, and find it correct. The
payments have been made by order of the standing committee, and
are accompanied with proper vouchers.

HORATIO SEYMOUR,
EK. W. LEAVENWORTH,

—————

* Acknowledged in the 4th Report.

RASTUS CORNING. —

[

ya ot

E.

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.

Catalogue of the quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, etc. added to the
State Cabinet from January 1, 1854, to January 1, 1855.

Catalogue of minerals, geological specimens and fossils, do. do.

Additions to the historical and antiquarian collection, do. do.

Materials received at the State Geological Rooms, towards completing
the volumes now printing on Insects (just completed) and Pa-
leontology ; also materials which have been heretofore used in
publishing the Natural History, do. do.

Miscellaneous, do. do.

Catalogue of all the fishes at present known as belonging to the State
of New-York, and designating those that are now in the State

Cabinet.

SZloosnvig

CATALOGUE

OF THE
QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, REPTILES, FISHES, &e.

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1854, TO JANUARY 1, 1855.

‘5
ie

bitin

gh, BANAT AAT Bald

Be: ) Dg Ou,

iN aerate ae aia 1 ip a
be OTS ATTA ae. AAR AO

ona a ‘vsadnated er:

MAMMALIA.

ORDER III. CARNIVORA.

FAMILY URSIDAS.
Zooitocy — Part I.

Ursus americanus, American Black Bear (female) .......... p. 24

This specimen was taken in St. Lawrence county, New-York, in the
spriag of 1854.

FAMILY MUSTELIDA.

MusTELA caNnaDENsis, The Fisher (female) ............ Senpacmnc a sth
Taken in Lewis county, New-York, in the spring of 1854.

Purorius vison, The Mink (female) .......... aera dhe seh Oe

FAMILY CANIDA.

Luevus occwentatis, The Common American Wolf (male) ...... 42
Taken in St. Lawrence county, New-York, in the spring of 1854.

FAMILY FELIDAS.

Fexis concotor, The Northern Panther (young male and female), 47
Taken in St. Lawrence county, New-York, in the spring of 1854.

ORDER IV. RODENTIA.

FAMILY SCIURIDAS.

Sciurus vuupinus, The Fox Squirrel (male and female)........- 59

These specimens were taken in Rensselaer county, New-York, in the
spring of 1854, and presented to the State Cabinet by J. B. Lor-
TRIDGE of Hoosick-falls.

Scrurus striatus, The Striped Squirrel (male and female)...... 62
From Albany county.

Scivrus striatus, The Striped Squirrel (albino) ..........+5.. 62
This specimen, which is an albino, was taken in the town of New-
Scotland, Albany county, in the fall of 1854, and presented to the
State Cabinet by Jonn Youne.

16 [SENATE

ORDER VI. UNGULATA.

FAMILY CERVIDA. ;

Cervus vireinianus, The American Deer (buck).............. 113.
This beautiful and unique specimen, which is of a milky white color,
was taken in the town of Hope, Hamilton county, New-York, in the
spring of 1852.

‘No: 40.] 17

BIRDS.

ORDER I. ACCIPITRES.

FAMILY STRIGIDA.
ZooLocy — ee

Bupo vineinianus, Great-horned Owl... ..secescecssecccnee Ps
Taken in the town of Stuyvesant, Columbia county (N.Y.), in the
month of November 1854, and presented to the State Cabinet by.
AARON VAN ALLEN.

ORDER IV. GRALLZ.

FAMILY GRUIDA.
| ARDEA vIREScENS, The Green Heron (young male and female).... 224
Taken near the city of Albany, in the summer of 1854.

Arpga piscors, Black-crowned Night-heron (female)........... 227
Taken in the town of Guilderland, Albany county, in the summer
of 1854, and presented: to, the State Cabinet by ALEXANDER C.
Garant of the city of Albany.

ORDER VI. NATATORES.
FAMILY LARIDA.

Larus BoNAPARTI, Bonaparte’s Gull (male) ......2...0ee00- 311
This specimen was taken in the town of New-Scotland, Albany
county, in the summer of 1854, and presented to the State Cabinet,
by Samvuen Dickson, M.D.

FROM SAMUEL DICKSON, OF NEW-SCOTLAND, ALBANY COUNTY.
Bones of one of the Wings of the ALBAaTROss.

[Senate, No. 40.] 2

18 [Senate

Some Observations on the CLirr SwALiow (Hirundo fulva), zts habits and
Jirst appearance at Nichols, Tioga county, N.Y, By Ropert Howe t.

The Cliff Swallow made its first appearance in this vicinity about
the year 1838 or 9, in small numbers, and has since that time in-
creased yearly. For the first few years they made their appearance
annually about the first of June, and generally left the first of —
September. I have known them some years to disappear by the
twentieth of August, while in other years they continued until the
middle of September. In the year 1852, a few made their appearance

‘the last day of April, and their numbers constantly increased till
the middle of May; and they all left the last day of August.

The first I noticed these swallows was their building their nests
under the eaves of one of my barns, which stands within a few

‘yards of the highway, and within four rods of a mill-pond, on a
very low flat. The chance for building their nests at this barn is
good ; the road furnishing, after rain, a large amount of mud. ©
When the mud in the road is dried up, I have noticed them collect
it and wet it in the pond, and I have also seen them collect it from
the edge of the pond.

. For the first few years their nests amounted to not more than ~
fifteen or twenty on the above named barn ; but for the last three
or. four years, there have been from one hundred and twenty to
one hundred and sixty. Last year there were sixty-four nests on
the south side of the barn, and seventy-six on the north side. For
a number of years, three-fourths of their nests were built on the
south side, and a number were built on an adjoining shed. I have
two other barns with sheds, that stand upon a diluvial formation
‘which is stony and the soil very dry. I have known the swallows
to come in large flocks after a heavy rain, and attempt to build
their nests under the eaves of these barns ; but the dryness of the
earth always prevented their finishing them, so that they had to
abandon them, and I have never known more than two or three —
that were fully completed. Some seasons, their nests, or a majority
of them, after being abandoned by the birds, fall to the ground :
when this happens, the birds have a great amount of work to do
on their return in the spring. It is singular to notice how regular
each pair of birds go to their own nest. I have hardly ever seen
any fighting among them; and when that was the case, the intru-
ders had built their nests upon the top, or partly so, of other nests.

A building has a singular appearance with a row of nests so
close that they touch, nearly from one end of the building to the
other ; made wholly of mud, and of the size af a large quart bowl,
with the passage to the inside of the nest near the upper side and
of an inch or more in diameter. Often when the weather is very —
warm, a large portion of the outside of the roof will be covered
with them, undoubtedly for the purpose of sunning. Their long —
continuance in this region enables them to hatch‘and rear two —
broods in a season. One will readily perceive what a large number ~
of these birds is annually produced. !

‘No. 40.] 19

REPTILES.

ORDER II. SAURIA.

FAMILY EMYSAURID&. :

ALLIGATOR MIssissipPiensis, The Misstssippz Alligator.
This specimen was taken in the State of Georgia by Jonw M‘M1-
CHAEL, and is presented to the State Cabinet by R. L. JoHNson
. of the city of Albany.

FAMILY AGAMID A.

Purynosoma cornuta, Horned Frog (from Texas).
Presented by Messrs. Hoop & Tosy of the city of Albany. .

20 [Sat

FISHES.

FAMILY SCOMBRID.

Caranx cHrysos, The Yellow Caranz or Yellow Mackerel.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 121, pl. 27, f. 85.. Taken in New-
York-harbor in the summer of 1854. Presented by-J. A. aes ;
of Albany.

FAMILY LOPHIDA.

Barracuus cetatus, The Fwo-spined Toad-fish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 170, pl. 50, f. 161. Taken at the
foot of Cortland-street, New-York harbor, in the summer of 1854,
GEBHARD.

FAMILY ESOCIDA.

BeLone truncata, The Banded Garfish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 227, pl. 35, f. 112. Taken in the
Hudson river near the city of Albany, in the month of HI LR
1854. GxzpHarp.

FAMILY ECHENEID&.

EcHENEIS ALBIcAUDA, The White-tailed Remora or Shark Sucker.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 307, pl. 54, f. 177. This specimen
was caught in the Hudson river at Singsing, in September 1854,
and presented to the State Cabinet by Capt. Joan Hircucocg.

FAMILY PETROMYZONID A.

PETROMYZON AMERIcANUS, The American Sea-lamprey. ;

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 379, pl. 66, f.216. Taken in the

Hudson river near the city of Albany, in the spring of 1854, and
presented to the State Cabinet by Isaac V. Fryer.

No. 40.] a1

CONCHOLOGY.

FAMILY NATADES.

Unio cestatus, Rafinesgque.
From Wildcat river, Kansas territory. Presented by Lotaw Suire
of Kansas.

' FROM MRS. ANN M. REDFIELD, OF SYRACUSE, ONONDAGA
COUNTY, NEW-YORK.

_ Twenty-five specimens of Unios and Anopons, from the Ottawa river,

near L’Orignal, Canada West.
The following note from Mrs. REDFIELD, giving a description of the
locality, etc. of the specimens, was subsequently received.

MR. GEBHARD:

The shells I handed you the other day should have been accom-
panied by their locality, which was from the Ottawa river, near

_L’Orignal, Canada West, seventy.five miles from Montreal, and |

nine from the Caledonia Mineral Springs, which are the Saratoga

-of Canada. Unios and Anodons are found in abundance upon the

shore of the river; but the bright, glossy Unzo (I believe it is the
U. ventricosus ) is ‘only obtained by wading around the sandbars
when the river is low..Of two: hundred. anes collected, and which
I opened, not more than a-dozen were like the bright pink.one ;
so that I am confident the color is not the result of disease, as has

been supposed by some : neither is it owing to the age of the shell,

for small ones and large ones of the same color were obtained.

_ These, as well as the U. complanatus, are sometimes eaten, and
- much esteemed by some persons : others contend that they are

poisonous. The inmates of these were eaten by a little Scotch lad,
with as great a relish as our oysters ; but the taste, I think, must
be an acquired one. Anodons are also used for food by some of the
inhabitants.

I found but few specimens of the Anodon edentula, and not more
than half a dozen of the Unio alatus and U. rectus, and only one
of each with the animal init. The Unios with the eroded beaks and
solid shells (U. nasutus or rostratus) were all dead shells, found in
a pool left on the shore as the Ottawa subsided during the extreme
drouth. The Alasmodons were also found dead on the shore of a

22 [Senate

millpond formed by a small stream which puts into the Ottawa a _
few rods below. The pond is strewed with Paludina vivipara, a few
Cyclades, and occasionally a Planorbis and Physa. Land shells are
rare : I saw but one during the season.

Limestone filled with fossils of the Trenton gr oup is found about
three miles from L’Orignal, at a place called the Bay. It receives
a fine polish, but the minute quartz crystals which are disseminated
through the stone renders it difficult to work.

The Rev. Mr. Bret has collected fine specimens of Fossil Fish
about nine miles from Bytown, upon a stream that flows into the
Ottawa below that place. He has also found the Sazicava and other
fossil shells on the shore opposite L’Orignal, in a bank of clay ; but
I was unsuccessful in my search for them.

In three rambles on the shore of the Ottawa, I found six genera
and twenty or twenty-two species of the Unio, Anodon, Alasmodon,
Cyclas, Paludina and Physa. I found Lymneas twenty miles below,
at St. Andrew. Yours, Ann M. Reprienp. |

CRUSTACEA.

ORDER PMCILOPODA.

Po.yrHEMus occIDENTALIs, Horsefoot or King-crab. bh
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, P- 55. From the eastern shore of ante Island.

Alppendiz.

ce

LIST

OF &

MINERALS, GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AND FOSSILS,

ADDED TO THE
STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1854, TO JANUARY 1, 1855.

ane tas

Or certs Wea

i ie Got ts i

MINERALS.

FROM HENRY OSTRANDER, OF ALBANY.
A Quartz Crvsrat, from the town of Bethlehem, containing Rutire
(red oxide of titanium) in the form of ‘long capillary prisms.
‘FROM J. M. AMES, OF COHOES, ALBANY COUNTY.
A specimen of Iron Ore from the Palmer ore bed, Blackbrook, Clin

ton county, encrusted with quartz crystals.

‘FROM HORACE AVERILL, OF ALBANY.
GaRNETS crystallized in the form of the dodecahedron with rhombic

faces, imbedded in mica slate. From Washington, Litchfield
county, Connecticut.

FROM MRS. GEORGE HARRIS, OF ALBANY.

Two specimens of Quartz from Herkimer county.

FROM JOHN GEBHARD sunsor, OF ALBANY.

GEoDE oF Quartz, lmed with Cuatcepony. From the rock formation
at Keokuk, Illinois, on the banks of the Mississippi river.

Coarse Acare. From the rock formation at Quincy, Illinois, on the
banks of the ‘Mississippi'river.

Rorize, in capillary prisms intersecting each other, imbedded in cal-
careous spar. From a locality near Spraker’s basin, Montgomery
county, New-York, discovered by John Gebhard junior in the
year 1838.

A large number of Cray Baxts (indurated clay), from the clay iaeke
in the vicinity of the city of Albany. These specimens had been
deposited for sometime in the room occupied by the Regents of the
University in the State Hall. By the direction of the Regents,
they are now placed in the State Cabinet of Natural History.

26 ( : [SenaTE

FROM J. W. BARKER & CO. OF SYRACUSE, ONONDAGA COUNTY.

Specimens of Sorar Satt, manufactured by the Syracuse Coarse Salt
Company. —

FROM PIERRE VAN CORTLAND, OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N.Y.

A specimen of SuLPHURET oF Tron, from Anthony’s Nose, in the
Highlands.

FROM NATHAN B. COOLEY, OF MONROE, ORANGE COUNTY, N.Y. —

Several large masses of Compact State, which have a strking re-
semblance to fragments of fossil trees. They are from the slate
formation of the town of Monroe, Orange county, New-York, and
were forwarded to the State Cabinet as indications of a coal. for-
mation, supposing them to be veritable petrified stumps and parts

_ of fossil trees.
These specimens have been submitted to the examination of Mr.
HA, the State Palzontologist, who pronounces them to be mere-
ly concretions, and not petrified wood.

FROM JACOB B. HAWK,.OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

A specimen of WarTeEr-Lime, from the farm of THomas L. ALLEN,
in the town of Pleasantvalley, Dutchess county, New-York.

A specimen of Leap Ort, from the lands of Warp Bryan, in the.
town of Northeast, Dutchess county, New-York.

Seven varieties of Maree, polished, from the lands of THomAs L.
ALLEN, in the town of Pleasantvalley, Dutchess county, N.Y.

FROM BENJAMIN P. JOHNSON, OF ALBANY.

Two specimens of GoLp-BEARING Quartz, from California.

No.40.) 0 27

GEOLOGICAL (inciupine FOSSILS).

FROM GEN. SPINNER, OF MOHAWK, HERKIMER COUNTY, N.Y.

[ Referred to in the Report of last year, page 59.]

PaLmonrTotocy — Vol. I.
135 Linevta curra (2 specimens). - From the Utica slate....... p. 97

Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.

186 ArryPa INCREBESCENS. From the Utica slate ........ Sinacds's) | OO
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.

249 TrocuoniTes AmMontus (3 sp.). From the Utica slate....... 309
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.

297 CaLYMENE BECKII (10). From the Utica,slate .............. 200

Near Mohawk, Herkimer county. ’
These specimens are of various sizes, and most of them are perfect.

346 AvicuULA INSUETA. From the Witiea Slate sent. sentiet US 2ol
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.

348 AvicuLa DEsQuamMaTA. From the Utica slate ...... ae ty oe ech oe
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.

AVICULA From the Utica slate.
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.
AvICULA From the Utica slate.
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.
371 Enpoceras PROTEIFoRME? (2). From the Utica slate........ dll
Near Mohawk, Herkimer county.
43 IsoreLus eieas. A large caudal shield............00.- iein\a), exe

On a characteristic specimen of the Trenton limestone.

A piece of Catcarrous Tura, beautifully incrusting and petrify-
ing a specimen of moss. From Herkimer county.

FROM RICHARD H. PEASE, OF ALBANY.

‘A specimen of Lirnocrapuic Stone, from Pappenheim in Germany.

28 [Senate

The following British Fossils were received in a small box, some
two years since, at the office of the Secretary of the Regents, from
the British Natural-History Society, without any advices whether
they were to be considered as a donation or not.

BuccinuM LABIATUM, Sowerby.

From the Tertiary Eocene beds, Barton cliff. .
CYTHERA (INcCRASSATA, Sowerby).

From the Tertiary Eocene beds, Barton cliff.
DENTALIUM ‘sTRIATUM, Sowerby.

From the Tertiary Eocene beds, Barton cliff.

CYRENA (OBOVATA, Sowerby).
From the Tertiary Eocene beds, Barton cliff.

CYTHEREA
From the Tertiary Eocene beds, Barton cliff.

Teeth of Sharks (CarcHarrAs), 8 sp.
From the Red Crag.

STROMBUS BARTONENSIS, Sowerby.
Tertiary- Eocene beds, Barton, Hants.

BULLA HASTULA, Charlesworth.
Tertiary Kocene beds, Barton, Hants.
Fusus (antiquus, Lzn.) reversed, var.
Red Crag, Walton, Hssex.
. Pecten (MAxIMus, Lin.), var.
Coralline Crag, Ramsholt, Suffolk.

VENERICARDIA SENILIS, Lamarck.
Coralline Crag, Oxford, Suffolk.

BALANUS CRASSUS, Sowerby.
Coralline Crag, Oxford, Suffolk.

EUOMPHALUS PENTANGULATUS, Sow. IV. C.
M. L. Kildare. |

The following facts in relation to the objects of the Society are
condensed from papers accompanying the specimens :

The “British Naturan-History Socizty ’’ was established for the pro-
secution of researches in Natural History, and for the promotion of a taste for
this pursuit, by distributing among its members collections of both fossil and
recent specimens correctly named, and accompanied by réferences to works in
which theispecies' are described and:figured. |

No. 40.] 29

The Society proposes: to carry on researches by having a permanent staff of
collectors located in such districts as are prolific in objects of Natural History,
either fossil or recent. Its members receive, in return for their subscriptions,
suites of the specimens so obtained.

The Society has a collecting station on the Hampshire coast, and has already
distributed more than 12,000 of the beautiful fossils of Barton Cliff'and Colwell
Bay, besides extending the list of British fossils by the discovery of many new
and interesting species.

For any information in relation to the Society, address “* The Secretary, ef
the British Natural-History Society, York.’’

FROM FRANCIS MOORE suntor, OF HOUSTON, TEXAS.
Exocyra costata. From the Cretaceous formation near Austin, Texas.
SiziciriED Woop, from the Tertiary formation near Bastrop, Texas.

A specimen of the Tertiary ConcLomeraTeE from Montgomery, Texas.

EROM J. H. TAYLOR, OF MACON, GEORGIA.
A specimen of the Georgia Burr-stone£, from Jefferson county, Georgia.
A concretion of siliceous particles resembling somewhat in appearance a
gigantic Oyster, from Twiggs county, Georgia.

These concretions are supposed to be petrified oysters, by the inhabitants
residing in the vicinity where they are found.

FROM JOHN GEBHARD sunior, OF ALBANY.
Coranuines, Stems oF Ecrinites, etc. From the rock formation at
Keokuk, on the banks of the Mississippi. i

SvirirER. From the rock formation at Quincy, Illinois, on the banks of the
Mississippi.
FROM JOHN FITCH, OF TROY.

A specimen of Limerocx from the quarry of Samurn B. CAMPBELL of
_ Schodack, Rensselaer county, New-York.

FROM SETH BOUGHTON, OF WESTERLO, ALBANY COUNTY.

A considerable number of Fossius from that portion of the Hamilton group
which overlies the Flagstone layers at Westerlo, Albany county.
FROM JESSE BUEL JUNIOR, OF. ALBANY.

A perfect specimen of LicHas BoLTONI; and also the MATRIX,
From the shales at Lockport, belonging to the Niagara group. .

30 _ [Senate

This beautiful specimen is five and three-fourths inches in length,
and four and one-half inches in width. It originally belonged to
the late Juss# Buex, who deposited it in the Cabinet of the Albany
Institute. It was withdrawn from the Institute by the request of his
son Jesse Buen junior, and given to the New-York State Collection.

T. A. Conran, the Paleontologist to the New-York Survey, in
his annual report for the year 1838, page 118, describes this trilo-
bite as the Platynotus boltont ; and remarks that “there is a
splendid specimen of this species in the collection of the Albany
Institute, deposited by Judge Bur.”

In volume 2 of the Paleontology, p. 311, Prof. Hau describes
the specimen as Lichas boltont ; and on page 313, remarks : “ The
most perfect specimen I have seen is in the collection of the Albany
Institute. The matrix is also preserved with it , Showing the cavities
of the eyes, from which the form has been taken j in the figure of a
head (Pl. 70, fig. 1 a).”

[A plate of ite boltont accompanies this report. A slight inaccuraey oc-

curred in the engraving of this fossil, by which the third articulation from the

base on the lefthand side is represented as double; while it should have been
single, as in the corresponding articulation on the righthand side. ]

FROM T. ROMEYN BECK, OF ALBANY.

A geological specimen presenting various layers of Rocx ; from the head of
Lake George.

FROM THE DIAMOND SLATE COMPANY OF MIDDLE GRANVILLE,
WASHINGTON COUNTY, N.Y.

Several large specimens of Roorine SuaTE.

FROM DR. CHARLES MARTIN, U.S. NAVY.
A Rocx specimen from the Acropolis at Athens.

FROM CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN AND JOHN E. GAVIT, OF
ALBANY.

A mahogany case containing specimens of the Granite used in the construc-
tion of the U.S. Dry Dock at Brooklyn. The following is a catalogue o of
the specimens, and their localities :

No. 1. Tarrytown quarry, New-York.

. Breakneck quarry, New-York.

. Staten Island quarry, New-York.

. Quincy quarry, Massachusetts.

. Sullivan quarry, Maine.

. Blve Hill quarry, Maine.

. Frankfort quarry, Maine.

. Millstone Point quarry, Connecticut.

COT oo OR Ob

\

No. 40.] a 31

FROM SPENCER F. BAIRD, OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
AT WASHINGTON.

Specimen of the Maru in which the remains of the Mastodon maximus,

a lately discovered near Poughkeepsie, were imbedded.

FROM THE HON. JONATHAN BURNET, OF TICONDEROGA, ESSEX
COUNTY, N.Y.

A specimen of Limestone from Bytown, Canada West, upon which are two
large crinoidal columns. ;

FROM W. HUDSON STEVENS, OF COPENHAGEN, LEWIS COUNTY.

105 SrrEPrELAsMA coRNicuLuM (2 sp.). ° From the Trenton limestone at

_ Copenhagen, Lewis county, N.Y. Hall’s Palzeontology, Vol. i, pa. 69,
pl. 25, f.1, abed.

Cyrtoceras ? From the Trenton limestone at Copenhagen,

Lewis county, N.Y.

270 ORTHOCERAS AMPLICAMERATUM. From the Trenton limestone at Co-
penhagen, Lewis county. Hall’s Palzontology, Vol. i, p. 205.

OrmoceERAS
county.

. From the Trenton limestone at Copenhagen, Lewis

ida: dai Raia
Koger a a Be

a We : ude ‘ f 7 ¥ K
WE UY Maes Pi puitarott ohh rasta ae %, pailiaciun
dihen nt rf at Wy eee tiaintgenlal

in

ney]

C fu ;

Ss

ADDITIONS

TO THE
HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

FROM JANUARY 1, 1854, TO JANUARY 1, 1855.

[Senate, No. 40.} 3

‘

Base | ee MWA hens wat on 4)
i ; ; i a Wi 3 va ; ; i | i meet ‘
| ELOY HALAAUOITS

at Jem

Wn a Coe A

——— a Te a
.
=

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION.

FROM DR. CHARLES MARTIN, U.S.-NAVY.

A Pear-suarep Stone, two and three-fourths inches in length, and two
inches in thickness at the largest end. From Patagonia.

This is called ‘ Bola’ by the Indians of Patagonia, and is used
by them for entangling the legs of the Ostrich, ete., or as a missile
weapon in their wars. Three of these balls are each enclosed in a
case of leather, and fastened to the ends of three cords, each from
four to five feet in length : the opposite ends of these cords are
all tied together ; and when used, one of the covered balls is held
in the hand, while the other two are whirled around the head until
they have acquired a sufficient impetus, and then launched at the
object of aim. They are carved by the aid of flints alone. The fol-
lowing figure will more fully illustrate the subject.

FROM JOSEPH MATHER, OF ALBANY.

A piece of Iron, taken from timber composing the chevaux-de-frise which
was placed in the Hudson river near the Highlands during the Revolu-
tionary War.

FROM WILLIAM M. GAFFER, OF WATERVLIET, ALBANY COUNTY.

_ TairtEen Cuert Arrowneapds of different forms, beautifully made, and

varying in length from three-fourths of an inch to three inches. They were
found in the town of Watervliet, Albany county.

Ps

36 [ SENATE

FROM JAMES T. WYATT, OF ALBANY.

An ArrowHEAD made of greasy quartz, found on the ins a) 2 farm in
the city of Albany.

Atso TurEE ARRowHEADs made of hornstone, found at the same place.

FROM HENRY OSTRANDER, OF ALBANY.

A Stone Cuiset or Hanp Axe, found in Washington-street in the city of

Albany. The specimen is made of hornblende: it is three inches in length
by two in width, and highly polished.

FROM HORACE WEBSTER, OF THE NEW-YORK FREE ACADEMY.

A Cane made from an oak plank taken from the wreck of the English ship

Merlin, which was sunk at the attack of the British on Fort Mifflin in
the year 1777. The plank was procured in the year 1851 by Lieut. Col.
Wesster of the U. S. Army, having been under water 74 years.

FROM WILLIAM C. BRYANT, OF ALBION, ORLEANS COUNTY, N.Y.
List of Indian Relics presented May 4, 1854.

FLesuinc INsTRUMENT, or STONE CuisEt of Schoolcraft; or
Hanp-axe of Squier and Davis : four specimens.
These specimens vary in length from three to five inches : two of them.
are made of talcose slate, and two of graywacke. They ¥ were found at
Fort. Hill, Genesee county, N.Y.

A fragment of a Human Sxutu, ‘from the intrenchments at Fort Hill,

Genesee county.

ImpLEMENTs made of deerhorn : five specimens.
From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

A Bone Awt. From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

A Beaz’s Toots, used by the aborigines as a medicine charm.
From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

Two fragments of Pires of baked clay.

From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

A Pipe made of micaceous sandstone, This rude specimen is two inches in
length, and three-fourths of an inch in diameter. A hole is made in the
end, to the depth of an inch, for the bowl 3 at tue bottom of which it
unites with an opening from the side, for the insertion of the stem. —

From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

No. 40. | 37

Several fragments of Porrery (ferra-cottas).
From Fort Hill, Genesee county.

TWELVE ARROWHEADS, varying in length from one to three inches ; made
of hornstone of various shades of color. From Fort Hill, Genesee co.

THREE AS aidan made of hornstone. From Orleans county, N.Y.
An unfinished ARrownHEAD. From Orleans county.

An ArrowueaD. From the Tonawanda Indian Reservation, N.Y.

Two broken ArrownEaps. Found near Redjacket’s grave, Buffalo, N.Y.

Two fragments of Porrery (/erra-co/ias). Found near Redjacket’s grave,
Buffalo.

Several Beaps made of shells (wampum); of stone, bone, etc. From an\
ancient grave near Honeoye Falls.

A large ARRowHEAD, made of agatized hornstone. From Leroy, NUY:

Fiesuine Instrument, or Stone Cuiset of Schoolcraft; or
Hanp-axe of Squier and Davis. This beautiful specimen is five and a half

inches in length by two and a half in width : it is made of porphyritie
greenstone, and was found in Clarkson, Monroe county, N.Y.

Fiesuine [nstRuMENT, or Stone Cuiset of Schoolcraft ; or
Hanp-axe of Squier and Davis. This specimen is made of quartzite : it
is fuur inches in length by two in width. From Clarkson, Monroe co.

A SpearHEAD made of hornstone, five inches in length. From Clarkson,
Monroe county.

Inpian Kwire, made of agatized hornstone.

The form of this beautiful specimen is a lengthened oval, with one
end gradually brought to a point. A small portion of the point has been
broken off, leaving the’ dimensions of the relic as follows : length, six
inches ; greatest width, three inches, and thickness one quarter of an

- inch. The margin is worked down to a sharp e‘lge.

From Clarkson, Monroe county.

The following is a copy of the letter accompanying the specimens.

BurraLo, May 4, 1854.
DR. BECK :

This is a part of asmalle collection I have paiened for the State Cabinet: the
residue are at Albion. I will send them ere long, and hope to send something
which ee enrich the State Collection more than ‘me meagre instalment.

Very -e W.C. BRYANT.

38 [SENATE

FROM LYMAN COLLINS, OF UPPER MINNESOTA.
A Pincusuion, ornamented with beads.
A Beap Worksae (small).

A Pocxetsoox, ornamented with beads.
These articles were manufactured by Indians residing at Upper Minnesota.

FROM Hf. V. SCATTERGOOD, OF ALBANY. i
A piece of Oax Woop from Com. Perry’s flag ship, the Lawrence.

FROM JOHN R. MILES, OF BETITILEHEM, ALBANY COUNTY, ~
A Stone Gover, found at Cedarhill in the town of Bethlehem, Albany co.

FROM PIERRE VAN CORTLAND.

A Durcs Tie (glazed), from an old house in Westchester county. Design,
a Flowerpot.

FROM ALEXANDER FITCH, OF CARLISLE, SCHOHARIE COUNTY.

Srons Cuiset or Hanp-axe, made of porphyritic greenstone : length, nine
inches; width, three inches, and thickness one and a half inches. Found
in the valley of the Shetucket river, Connecticut.

A Stone Imptement, made of greenstone. This’ relic (which differs from
any of those described in the publications of the Smithsonian Institution)
is thirteen inches in length, and two inches in width and one inch in
thickness in the centre, from whence it gradually tapers both ways, ter-
minating in two blunt points. Found in the valley of the Shetucket river,
Connecticut.

FROM MARTIN HOAG, OF GLENVILLE, SCHENECTADY COUNTY.

A Cnert ArrowHEabD, found in the town of Glenville, Schenectady co.

FROM JAMES L. INGOLDSBY, OF SOUTH-IIARTFORD, WASHINGTON
COUNTY, N.Y.

An ArrowueEapD four inches in length, made of chalcedony. This beautiful
specimen was found near an old deerlick in the town of Hartford, Wa-
shington county.

FROM REY. JOSEPH WARREN, MISSIONARY IN INDIA.

Tue Line, or Emsiem oF Suiva, representing the Reproductive Energy.
Bought by Rev. JosepH WARREN, at Allahabad, of a Hindoo, who had
just completed his, morning devotions before it.

aq '

“No. 40.] 39

BY PURCHASE.

An Inpian Reuic, made of precious serpentine. It is in the form of an axe
with two edges, with a hole in the centre for the insertion of a handle.
Length, two and a half inches; width, four and a half inches.

This beautiful relic was found at Queensbury, nine miles from Lake
George.

An Iron Grapesnor, found on the Fort William Henry ground, Lake
George. ‘

bi ny

alonsnpis,

=

MATERIALS

BELONGING TO THE STATE,

WHICH ARE INTENDED TO BE USED IN COMPLETING
THE PUBLICATION OF THE

Hatural AWistory,

RECEIVED INTO THE GEOLOGICAL ROOMS SINCE THE SEVENTH DAY OF
JANUARY 1854.

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Swat WRAY ARS «mobs RD oe ae

DEPARTMENT OF PALAONTOLOGY.

oe

ReEceIveD, April 1, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand printed
impressions, each, from Plates 29, 30, 45 and 48, for the third volume of
the Palzontology.

RecetvepD, April 29, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, tiiee thedenl printed
impressions each, from Plates 15, 19, 42 and 48, for the third volume of
the Paleontology.

RECEIVED, August 21, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, Steel Plate No. 34
for the third volume of the Palzontology, containing forty-nine figures ; and
also Plate No. 38 for the same volume, containing forty-nine figures.

RECEIVED, October 4, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions each, from Plates 97, 102, 108 and 113, for the third
volume of the Paleontology. The number of figures contained on the several
plates is as follows, viz :

Piate No. 97, Oriskany sandstone, 16 figures.
No. 102, Oriskany sandstone, 12 f.
No. 103, Oriskany sandstone, 9 f.
No. 113, Oriskany sandstone, 8 f.

RECEIVED, October 16, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions each from Plates 98 and 99, for the third volume of the
Paleontology. Plate No. 98 contains twelve figures, and 99 eleven figures

(Oriskany sandstone).

Recetvep, December 28, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions each, from the following plates, for the third volume of
the Paleontology, viz :

Piate No. 91, Oriskany sandstone, 13 figures.
No. 92, Oriskany sandstone, 9 f.
No. 112, Oriskany sandstone, 14 f.
No. 115, Oriskany sandstone, 11 f.

Tora, 47 figures.

BAe [SENATE —

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

INSECTS.

Receive, February 17, 1854, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions each from Plates Nos. 30, 31, 32, 38, 46 and 47, for
| Emmons’s yolume on Insects, colored complete.

RECEIVED, August 21,1854, of Richard H. Pease, the original drawings
from which the figures on Plates Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 46 and 47, for

Emmons’s volume on Insects, were engraved.

ReceIvep, August 22, 1854, of Prof. &. Emmons, the original drawings
from which the figures on forty-three plates for the volume on Insects were
engraved. —

RECEIVED, October 17, 1854, of John E. Gavit, three thousand printed
impressions from Plate No. 34 (steel plate containing twenty-five figures),
for Emmons’s volume on Insects. The impressions from said plate are all
colored complete, by Richard H. Pease. 4

‘ :

MaveRIAxs belonging to the State, which hane been used in publishing

the Natural History and the Annual Reports of the Regents of the

University, etc., received into the Geological Rooms since the first day
of January 1854.

Receivep, August 26, 1854, of C. Van Benthuysen, the woodcuts from which
Plates Nos. 26, 30, 32, 33, 59 and 66 of the first volume of the Paleontology

were printed.

Recetvep, November 9, 1854, of C. Van Benthuysen, twenty-one woodcuts
which were used in illustrating the four volumes of the Documentary History.

Receivep, October 31, 1854, from James Hall, through Dr. T. Romeyn Beck,
Secretary of the Regents, the criginal drawings from which thirty-seven plates
of the fossils figured in vol. two of the Palzeontology were engraved. ‘These
drawings, with those heretofore received, constitute all the drawings of fossils
for vol. two of the Palzontology, with the exception of the drawings for Plates

Nos. 6, 24, 69 and 85.

aloosnbig,

MISCELLANEOUS.

vf
es

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Be
‘a

MISSELLANEOUS.

FROM THE TRUSTEES OF THE NEW-YORK STATE LIBRARY.

Tae Annvat Reports of the persons who were engaged in the Geological
Survey of the State for the years 1837, 8, 9, 40 and 41 (complete),
with an accompanying atlas of* engravings.

FROM S. R. ANDRES, OF CHAMBLY, CANADA EAST.

A sheet of the First Parser ever made from the plant Guaphalinm poly-
cephalum, commonly called Life-everlasting.

The sheet is covered with printed certificates of manufacturers and
others, and with notices and opinions of the press. The following notice
’ is from the New-York Auzion of September 16, 1854:

‘““We were shown a specimen of paper 2 few days since, manufactured
from a weed which grows spontaneously all over the Northern States, and
known generally by the name of Whizte-top. Though possessed of some
woody fibre, it still becomes a perfect pulp under the ordinary bleaching
operation. Paper-makers state that a fine article of smooth, strong, beautiful
paper can be manufactured from it about ten per cent discount on paper
made from rags. The adhesive qualities of the shrub are so great that no
animal matter need be used in manufacturing ordinary printing paper, and
it also makes a good surface without sizing. A patent has beea secured to
the inventor ; and he proposes to erect, at his residence in Canada East, a
large manufactory to be supplied wholly with this material.”

FROM BARNEY HUMPHREY, OF ALBANY.

Brazit Nuts, with the seed-vessel in which they grew.
The common brazil nut is the seed of the Bertholletica excelsa of
HumsoLpr and BONPLAND.

48 [SENATE :

FROM DR. CHARLES MARTIN, U.S. NAVY.

Tacua Nour (Phytilephas macrocarpa) : Nut of the ivory plant, from which
the vegetable ivory is manufactured.

“This extraordinary Nut, from the solidity it acquires at a certain age, is
rendered an object of peculiar interest and astonishment to those who con-
template the wonderful economy of the vegetable world. The shell or outer
covering of this nut is barely as thick as that of the common hazel, and is
so extremely hard that no instrument will make an impression on it : it is
only removed from the kernel by pressure. Bears and other animals are said
to eat the nut with avidity, ere it has acquired its solid state, and derive
considerable nourishment therefrom. The learned Dr. LinpLEy classes the
tree among the family of Palms ; and it is common in the Mascaren islands,
' where it is called Tagua-plant. PERSOON describes the nut and its shell as
being enclosed in a prickly head, or drupe. The kernel, in an early state,
includes a limpid liquor, which becomes milky and sweet, and at length
acquires the solidity of ivory. The Indians cover their cottages with the
largest leaves ; and the English manufacture all kinds of fancy articles from
the nut, which in color are superior to the elephant ivory. The shavings of
this nut, when boiled, afford a milky liquor, and are not all gelatinous, as
the shavings or dust of i ivory is known to be when boiled down.” :

Foognvis.

a

CATALOGUE

OF THE

FISHES INHABITING THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,

AS CLASSIFIED AND DESCRIBED IN

PART IV, OF THE NEW-YORK FAUNA,

BY JAMES E. DEKAY;

WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING A LIST OF THE FISHES
INHABITING THE STATE, te

7

DISCOVERED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE ZOOLOGY.

[Senate, No. 40.] 4

WE Ase ae dst

wf

L00 LOGY.

CLASS: V. FISHES.

SUB-CLASS: I. BONY FISH.

ORDER I. SPINE-RAYED.
FAMILY f. PERCIDA:.

Latin NaMeE. Enciiso Name, In the

1 Perea FLAvEscENS, Cuv. et Val. American Yellow Perch. Cabinet.

— — Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.

= — Oswego, Oswego county. Spencer F. Baird.

= = Seneca lake. §. F. Baird.

_ — Lake Sanford. S. F. Baird.

=a as Lake Champlain (5). §. F. Baird..

== == Lake Erie (2). S. F. Baird.

= a St. Lawrence, near Ogdensburgh. W. E. Guest.

= — State of New-York. Gebhard.

—_ — Onondaga lake. Gebhard.

= = Black lake, St. Lawrence county. Dr. F. B. Hough.

2 PERcA SERRATO-GRANULATA, Cuy.et Val. Rough Yellow Perch.
3 Perca cranuwarta, Cuv.et Val. Rough-headed Yellow Perch.
4 Perca acuta, Cuy.et Val. Sharp-nosed Yellow Perch.

o Perca GRACILIS, Cuy. et Val. Slender Yellow Perch.

6 Laprax tineatus, Cuv.et Val. Striped Sea Bass. ...... Cabinet.
= — New-York bay. 8. F. Baird.

7 Lazrax rurus, Dekay. Ruddy Bass.

8, Laprax PALLipus, Dekay. Little White Bass........... Cabinet.
— — Vicinity of New-York. Gebhard.

9 Laprax nicRIcANS, Dekay. Small Black Bass.
10 Lasrax ausipus, Dekay. White Lake Bass,
11 Huro nicricans, Cuy.et Val. Black Huron.

12 Pitzoma semrgasciatum, Dekay. Champlain Pickering... Cabinet.
=a = Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.

: 52 [SenaTE

“13 Luctoprrca americana, Cuv. et Val. Yellow Pike-perch. . Cabinet.
— — Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.
— — Lake Erie (2). Gebhard.
- — | Black lake. Dr. F. B. Hough.
14 Lwctoverca erisea, Dekay. Gray Pike-perch.esss..e+. , Cabinep.
— — Lake Erie. Gebhard.

15 BoLeosoma TESSELLATUM, Dekay. Tessellated Darter.
16 Serranus ERyTHROGASTER, Dekay. The Groper.

17 CenTROPRISTES NIGRICANS, Ouv. et Val. Black Sea Bass. . Cabinet.
oan = _.. New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

18 GrysTEs saLMoIDEs, Cuv. et Val. The Growler.

19 Centrarcuus anevs, Cuy. et Val. Freshwater Bass.....Cabinet.
— — Lake Erie. S. F. Baird. |
= — Lake Champlain. 8S. F. Baird.
=) eo Lake George. S. F. Baird.
= — Geneva, N.Y. S.F. Baird.
es = Black lake. Dr. F..B. Hough.
— _— Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.
— — New-York State. Gebhard.
20 Centrarcuus Fasciatus, Dekay. Black Freshwater Bass. Cabinet.
(Grystes fasciatus, Agass.)
— — Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.
— — Lake Erie. §. F. Baird.
nan = New-York State. §S. F. Baird.
_— — Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.
aa New-York State. Gebhard.
— — Oswegatchie river. Hough.

21 CEnTRARCHUS oBscuURUS, Dekay. Obscure Freshwater Bass. —

22 Pomoris vuLeaRis, Cuv. et Val. Common Pondfish....... Cabinet.
— — Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.
— — Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.
— = Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.
— — Lake George. S. F. Baird.
— — Black lake. Dr. F. B. Hough.
23 Pomotis APPENDIX, Dekay. Black-eared Pondfish........Cabinet.

— — Coxsackie, N.Y.’ 8. F. Baird.
24 Dues aurica, Cuv.et Val. The Coachman.
25 APHREDODERUS SAYANUS, Dekay. Spineless Perch.
26 Uranoscopus ANopPLos, Cuv. et Val. Unarmed Uranoscope.

27 SpHr#NaA BOREALIS, Dekay. Northern Barracuta.

28 Lepisoma cirrdosum, Dekay. Czrrous Lepisoma.

No. 40.] 53

FAMILY II. MULLIDA.
No representative of this family has as yet been discovered in the
State of New-York.
, PAMILY If. TRIGLIDA.
29 Trica cucuLtus, Lin. Red Gurnard.

30 Prionotus LinEatus, Cuv. et Val. Banded Gurnard.....Cabinet.
— — New-York harbor. Gebhard.

31 Prionotus CAROLINUS, Cuy. et Val. Web-fingered Gurnard.

32 Prionotus TRIBULUS, Cuy.et Val. Spinous Gurnard.

33 DactyLoPTeRUs VoLITANS, Cuy. et Val. Sea-swallow.

34 Corrus virGINIANUS, Storer. Common Bullhead.

35 Corrus »nevs, Cuv. et Val. Brazen Bulthead.

36 Corrus mircHituu, Cuv. et Val. Smooth-browed Bullhead.

87 Corrus Gra@nuanpicus, Cuy. et Val, Greenland Bullhead.

38 HEMITRIPTERUS AMERICANUS, Cuv. et Val. American Sea-raven.
_ 39 Scorrmna rorcus, Lin. Small Sea-scorpion.

40 Scorpmna Buro, Cuy. et Val. Spotted Sea-scorpion.

41 Sepastes ea Cuv. et Val.. Northern Sebastes.

42 Uranipea quiescens, Dekay. Little Stargazer. ........Oabinet.
(Cottus gracilis of Heckel.)
_ — Root’s tavern, Hudson-river basin. S. F. Baird.

43 AsPIDOPHORUS MONOPTERYeIUS, Storer. American Aspidophore.
44 CRryPTAcANTHODEs MACULATUS, Storer. Spotted Wrymouth.

45 GASTEROSTEUS BIACULEATUS, Mitch. Two-spined Stickleback.
46 GasTERosTEUS NEOBORACENSIS, Dekay. New-York Stickleback.
47 GASTEROSTEUS ‘QUADRACUS, Mitch. Four-spined Stickleback.

48 GaASTEROSTEUS OCCIDENTALIS, Dekay. Many-spined Stickleback.

FAMILY IV. SCIENIDA.

49 Lziostomus opiiquus, Dekay. The Lafayette........... Cabinet.
— — New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

50 Oroxiraus REGALIS, Cuy.et Val. The Weakjish.
51 Corvina oscuza, Cuv. et Val. Lake Sheepshead. ........Cabinet.

—_ _ Lake Erie. S.F. Baird.

“BA : | [SexAre
52 Corvina arcyroteuca, Dekay. Silvery Corvina.
53 Corvina ocELtata, Cuy. et Val. Branded Corvina. -
54 Corvina ricHarpsont, Cuv. et Val. The Malasheganay.

55 Corvina oxypTera, Dekay. Sharp-finned Corvina. '

56 Umprina atpurnus, Cuv. et Val. The Kingfish. ........Cabinet.
— — New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

57 Poconias cHromis, Cuv.et Val. Big Drum.

58 Pogonias Fasciatus, Cuv. et Val. Banded Drum. ..'...Cabinet.
— — New-York bay (2). Gebhard.

59 “Microrocon costTatus, Cuv. et Val. Banded Corvino.
60 Hamuton Futvo-macunatum, Dekay. Speckled Redmouth.
61 Hemuton curysorreron, Dekay. Yellow-finned Redmouth.

62 Hzmuton rormosum, Dekay. The Squirrel-fish......... Cabinet,
a — Harbor of New-York. Gebhard.

63 Pristiroma Fasciatum, Cuy. et Val. Banded Pristipoma.

64 Lozsores surinameEnsis, Cuv. et Val. Black Tripletaal.

FAMILY V. SPARIDZ.
65 Sarcus ovis, Storer. The Sheepshead. ex
66 Sarcus arEenosus, Dekay. Sand Porgee.
67 Sarcus rHompBoIDEs, Ouv. et Val. Rhomboidal Porgee.
68 Curvsopuris acuLEATA, Cuv.et Val. Aculeated Gilihead.

69 Pacrus arcyrors, Cuv. et Val.. Beg Porgee. ......+: . Cabinet.
— — New-York bay. 8. F. Baird.

FAMILY VI. MENIDA.
No representative of this family has as yet been seen on the coast
of New-York.
FAMILY VII. CHETODONTIDA.
70 Bruiprus FABER, Cuv, et Val. “Banded Ephippus.
71 Erurrrus eteas, Cuv. et Val. The Moonfish.

72 Pime.errerus soscl, Cuv.et Val. The Razorfish.

FAMILY VIII. ANABASSIDA.

This family has no representative on the coast of New-York.

_No.,40. | ao

RAMILY IX. SCOMBRIDA.
73 ScomBer,;VERNALIS, Mitch. Spring Mackerel.
74 a Grex, Mitch. Fall Mackerel. ........+++0+... Cabinet.
— — - “New-York harbor. Gebhard.

75 ScomBer couias, Cuv. et Val. Spanish Mackerel.

76 Tuynnus vutgaris,,Cuv.et Val. Common Tunny.

77 Petamys sarpa, Ouv. et, Val. Striped Bonito.

78 Cypium MacuLatuM, Cuv. et Val. Spotted Cybium.

79 Tricniurus Lepturus, Lin. Sélvery Hairtazl.

80 Xiruias cxaptus, Lin. , Common.Swordfish.

81 NavcRATES NOVEBORACENSIS, Cuv. et Val. New-York Pilot-jish.

82 HuacaTe atuantiva, Cuv. et Val. Northern Crabeater,

83 Licnia carouina, Dekay. Carolina Lichza.

84 TRACHINOTUS ARGENTEUS, Cuv.et Val. Szlvery Trachinote.
85 Tracuinotus spinosus, Mitch. Spinous Trachinote.

86 Patinorus PERCIFoRMIS, Dekay. Black Pilot.

87 CaraNx DEFENSOR; Dekay. Southern Caranz. .........+Gabinet.
— _— «New-York harbor. . Gebhard.

88 Cananx curysos,, Dekay. »YellowCaranx, or VellowMackerel.Cab.
path dts New-York harbor. Gebhard.

89 Caranx punctatus, Cuv. et Val. Spotted Caranz.
90 Buepnaris crinitus, Dekay. Hair-finned Blepharis.
91 Arcyreiosus vomeR, Lacepede. Rostrated Argyreiose.

92 Anreyretosus caPiLLaRis, Dekay. Hazr-finned Argyreiose. Cabinet.
— — _ ‘New-York harbor (2). Gebhard.

93 Vomer Brownu, Cuy.et,Val. Blunt-nosed Shiner.......Cabinet.

— _ New-York harbor. Gebhard. on

94 Sertona zonata, Cuv. et Val. Banded Seriole....... - Cab binet.
— — Long-Island sound. Gebhard.

95 Temnopon sattarTor, Cuv. et Val. The Bluefish .......: Cabinet.

— = New-York bay. S.F. Baird.
96 CoryPHENA, GLOBICEPS, Dekay. -Bottle,headed Dolphin.
97 Lampueus PUNGTULATUS, Cuv..et Val. Spotted Lampugus.
.98 RuomBus LoNnGiPINNis, Cuv.et Val. Long-finned Harvest-fish.

99 Ruompus TRIacaNTHUS, Dekay. \Short-finned Harvest-fish. Cabinet..
(Peprilus triacanthus, Storer.)
—_ — .,New-York bay. .S, F, Baird.

56 | [Senate
FAMILY X. CEPOLIDA.
This family has no representative on the coast of New-York
‘FAMILY XI. =TEUTHIDZ.
100 AcanTHURUS PHLEBoTOMUS, Cuv. et Val. The Surgeon.
- FAMILY XII. ATHERINIDA.
101 Aruerina notata, Mitch. Dotted Sélverside.

102 ArTHERINA mEnipIA, Lin. Slender Szlverside.

FAMILY XIII. MUGILIDA.
1038 Mua tineatus, Mitch. Striped Mullet.
° 104 Mueit atsuna, Lin. White Mullet.
105 Muciu retrosus, Cuyv. et Val. Rock Mullet.
106 Mueit pLumieri, Cuv et Val. Spotted Mullet.

FAMILY XIV. GOBIDA.
107 Biennius Fucorum, Ouv. et Val. Seaweed Blenny. ~ °
108 Puouis sus-BiFURcATUS, Storer. Radiated Shanny.
109 CHasmopEs BosquiANnus, Cuv.et Val. Siz-banded Chasmodes.
110 GunnELLUs mucronatus, Cuv. et Val. American Buttenjish.
111 Zoarces aNneuituaRis, Storer. Thick-lipped Eel-pout.
112 Zoarces Fimpriatus, Cuv. et Val. Bordered Eel-pout.
113 Anarruicas Lupus, Lin. The Sea-wolf.

114 Gosius aLEripotus, Bosc. Variegated Goby.

- FAMILY XY. LOPHIDA.
115 Lornivs americanus, Dekay. Amerzcan Angler.
116 CuironectEs cippus, Dekay. Gibbous Mousefish.
117 CuironecTEs ‘LAvicatus, Cuy. Smooth Mousefish.
118 Ma.ttua@a nasuta, Cuv. Short-nosed Malthea.
119 Mattuza notata, Cuv. et Val. Dotted Malthea.
120 MattH@A VESPERTILIO, Cuv. et Val. Bat Malthea.

121 Batracuus Tav, Cuv. et Val. Common Toadfish... . sees. Cabinet.
— _ New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

122 Barracnus cexatus, Dekay. Two-spined Toadfish.......Cabinet.
—_ _ New-York harbor. Gebhard.

No. 40.] 57
FAMILY XVI. LABRIDZ.

123 CrenoLaBRUS CERULEUS, Dekay. Common Bergall... weal Cabinet.
_ — New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

124 Crenozaprus uninotatus, Dekay. Spotted Bergall.

“125 Tavroga americana, Dekay. New-York Tautog........ Cabinet.
— — New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

SOFT-RAYVED FISHES.

ORDER II. ABDOMINAL.
FAMILY XVII. SILURIDA.

126 GaLEIcHTHYS MARINUS, Dekay. Oceanic Catfish.
‘127 Axis mitzerti, Cuv. et Val. _ Miélbert’s Arius.
128 PimeLopus nicRicaNns, Cuy.et Val. Great Lake Catfish.

129 Pimenopus catus, Cuv.et Val. Common Catfish......... Cabinet.
_ — Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.
-- — Summerville, St. Lawrence co. Dr. F. B. Hough.

. 130 Pimetopus puuius, Dekay. Brown Ouisparice . eryen Cabinet.
= _ Oswegatchie river. Dr. F. B. Hough.

181 Pimetopus arrarius, Dekay. Black Catfish.

FAMILY XVIII. CYPRINIDZ.

_ 132 Cyprinus carpio, Lin. Common Carp (introduced).
133 Cyprinus auratus, Lin, Golden Carp (introduced).
134 Apramis versicotor, Dekay. Varzegated Bream.
135 Lagpeo ELEGANS, Dekay. New-York Chubsucker.

136 Laseo optoneus, Dekay. Brilliant Chubsucker.
(L. elongatus, Dekay, Appendix D.)

137 Lazeo cyprinus, Dekay. Long-finned Chubsucker........ Cabinet.
(Sclerognathus cyprinus, Val.)
_ _ - Lake Erie. 8S. F. Baird.
138 Laseo cisposus, Dekay. Gibbous Chubsucker........... Cabinet.
(Catostomus pitioniay Thee )
—- + Lake Erie, and Albany. S. F. Baird. ! ;
139 Lazeo Esopus, Dekay. Rownd-backed Chubsuker.

140 Catostomus communis, Lesu. Common Sucker..... +... Cabinet.
re = Otsego lake. S.F. Baird.

58 _ [Senate
141 Catostomus onewa; Dekay. Oneida \Sucker.
142 Catostomus TuBERcuLATUS, Lesu. Horned Sucker.

143 Catostomus patLipus, Dekay. Pale Sucker. ........... Cabinet.
— — Coxsackie, Greene county. ‘8S. F. Baird.
— — Trout brook emptying into Lake George. S.F.Baird.
_ — Four-mile creek, Oswego. S. F. Baird.
— — .- Root’s tavern, Hudson river basin. S F. Baird.

144 Carosromus aurEoLus, Lesu. Mullet Sucker. ........ . Cabinet.
— — -Lake Erie. -S>F. Baird, 7
— = Oswegatchie river. Dr. F. B, Hough.

145 Carostomus nigricans, Lesu. Black Sucker.

‘

146 Catostomus MAcROLEPIDoTUS, Lesu. Large-scaled Sucker.

147 Sritze curysotEucas, Dekay. New-York Shiner........Cabinet.
(Leuciscus americanus, Storer.) —
_ — Cayuga lake. W. Hopkins. -
_ —_ Lake Champlain. §. F. Baird.

148 Leuciscus atronasus, Storer. Black-nosed Dace. .......Cabinet.
— — Rossie, St. Lawrence couniy. Dr. F. B.“Hough.

149 Leuciscus: nupsonicus, Dekay. The Spawn-eater. .......Cabinet.
— — Geneva, New-York. S. F. Baird.

150 Levciscus cornurus, Dekay. The Redfin............../@abinet.
— — Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.
— _ Four-mile creek, Oswego. S. F. Baird.

151 Leuciscus PULCHELLUS, Storer. Roach Dace....... oss» Cabinet.
— Sa St. Lawrence below Ogdensburgh. _ 8. F. Baird.
152 Levciscus niripus, Dekay. Shining Dace........ oes. Cabinet.

- — Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.
—. —-* Oswegatchie river. Dr. F.. B. Hough.

153 Levciscus arromacunatus, Dekay. Black-headed Dace...Cabimet.
— — Lake George. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.

154 Leuciscus curysorrerus, Dekay. Bay Shiner.
155 Levciscus arGENTEvs, Storer. Silvery Dace.

156 Levciscus virratus, Dekay. Banded Dace.

157 Levciscus? corroraLis, Dekay. The Corporaalen.

158 Levciscus rvemmus, Dekay. Pigmy Dace. ......+++++: Cabinet.
(Melanura PYZMEeQ, Agass.; ms.)
= = Rockland county. J. G. Bell.

159 Lesias ovinus, Dekay. Sheepshead Lebzas.

* No. 40 | 59
160 Funputvs Fasciatus, Dekay. Striped Killifish..........Cabinet.
— — Saltwater creeks.about New-York. Gebhard.

161 Fonpuius vinipescens, Dekay. Big Killifish....... ... Cabinet.
_ — ‘Saltwater creeks about New-York. Gebhard.

162 Funputus zepra, Dekay. Barred Killifish. ... ........ Cabinet.
—_— — Saltwater creeks about N Serve. Gebhard.

163 Hyprarcirza piapHaNna, Lesu. Transparent Minnow.
164 Hyprarcira muutirasciata, Lesu. Barred Minnow.

165 Hyprareira atricaupa, Dekay. Champlain Minnow. ...Cabinet.
(Melanura fusca, Agass. ms.)

io — Burlington, Lake Champlain. Rev. Z. Thompson.
FAMILY XIX. ESOCIDA.
166 Esox eEstor, Cuvier. The Muskellunge.

167 Esox reticunatus, Lesu. Common Pickerel.....+.+++. Cabinet.
— _ Black lake (2). Dr. F. B. Hough.

168 Hsox rasciatus, Dekay. Varied Pickerel.
169 Esox rrepEcim-rapiatus, Mitch. Federation Pike.

170 Betone truncata, Lesu. . Banded Garfish........+......Cabinet.
_ — Hudson river near Albany. Gebhard.

171 ScomperEsox storEri, Dekay. The Billfish.

172 Exocetus Novezoracensis, Dekay. New-York Flyingyfish.
173 Exocetus comatus, Mitch. —Szngle-bearded Flyingfish.
174 Exocetus Furcatus, Mitch. Double-bearded Flying fish.

FAMILY XX. FISTULARIDA.
175 Fisrutaria sERRATA, Storer. American Pipefish.

176 Fisrutaria TapacariA, Dekay. Spotted Pipefish.

FAMILY XXI. SALMONIDA.

177 Satmo rontinaLis, Mitch. ‘Brook TFrout.........0020% *, - Cabinet.
— — Stream emptying into Lake. George(2). Dr.T.R.Beck.
— _— Madrid, New-York. E. A. Dayton.
= = Fast-Canada creek, N.Y.(2). Gebhard.
— _— Lakes in Hamilton county, N.Y (2). Gebhard.

178 Saumo erytarocastEer, Dekay. Red-bellied Trout.
179 Satmo conrinis, Dekay. Lake Trout.

180 Samo ~metuystus, Mitch. Mackinaw Salmon.

:

60 [Senare
181 Saumo sanar, Lin. Common Sea Salmon...............Cabinet.
== — Lake Ontario. Gebhard.

182 Osmerus viripescens, Lesu. American Smelt. .........Cabinet.
= — New-York bay. 8S. F. Baird.

183 Batone rontinauis, Dekay. Spotted Troutlet.
184 Scoretus numpotpri? Cuvier. The Argentine.

185 CorEconus axBus, Lesu. The Whitefish. .......... .... Cabinet.
_ — Lake George(2). Dr. T. Romeyn Beck.
in _— Lake Erie. 8S. F. Baird.

186 Corrconus cLuPEIFormis, Dekay. Common Shad-salmon.

“187 Corrconus otseco, Dekay. Otsego Shad-salmon. ....... Cabinet.
._— _— . Otsego lake. §S. F. Baird.

| FAMILY XXII. CLUPIDA.
188 Ciurea ELoneata, Lesu. Common American Herring.

189 Crurea Fasciata, Lesu. Striped Herring.
190 Ciupea virescens, Dekay. Green Herring.
191 Crurea parvuna, Mitch. Little Herring.
_ 192 CLuPrEa minima, Peck. The Brit.
193 Cuurea vittata, Mitch. Satin-striped Herring.
194 Ciurea ca@rues, Mitch. Blue Herring.
195 Atosa pRzSTABILIs, Dekay. American Shad.......... . . Cabinet.

— _ Hudson river. Gebhard.
196 Atosa Tyrannus, Dekay. Agnes Alewife.
197 Atosa MENHADEN, Storer. The Mossbonker.
198 Atosa matrowacca, Dekay. Autumnal Herring.
199 Atosa TERES, Dekay. Slender Herring.
200 Atosa sapina, Dekay. Spotted Shadine.

201 Cuatassus sicniFER, Dekay. Spotted Thread-herring.. ..Cabinet.
— — New-York harbor. Gebhard.

202 Hyopvon rercisus, Lesu. River Mooneye. ...520..eee00. Cabinet.
— _ Lake Erie. 8S. F. Baird. ie
— _— Black lake. Dr. F. B. Hough.

203 Hyovon cropauis*, Lesu. Lake Mooneye.

* KirTLAND Considers the H. clodalis as the female of H. tergisus (Boston ~
Journal of Natural History, Vol. v. pa. 338, pl. 28. f. 1, 2). .

No. 40.] 61

204 Exors savrus, Lin. The SA11772/ 5) a: w)ejteiie’a.9 n'a 04» a ieiave CabING Hy
_ _ New-York harbor. Gebhard.

205 Amia occipENTALIS, Dekay. Western Mudfish.

FAMILY XXIII. SAURIDA.

206 Lermosteus Bison, Dekay. Buffalo Bony-pike..........Cabinet.
— —_ Lake Champlain. Gebhard.
aa _— Lake Ontario. Gebhard.

207 LepipostEus pLaTyruincus, Dekay. Filat-nosed Bony-pike.

ORDER III. JUGULAR.

FAMILY XXIV. GADIDA.
208 Morruua americana, Storer. American Cod.
209 Morruva minuta, Yarrel. Power Cod.
210 Morruva pruinosa, Dekay. Tom Cod.
211 Morzuva mcieFiInus, Cuvier. The Haddock.
212 Mexuucius aupipus, Dekay. American Hake.

213 Lora inornata, Dekay. Plain Burbot.

214 Lota macuosa, Rich. Spotted Burbot. ...... EAU AT at ak Cabinet.
— — Lake Erie. Dr. Kirtland.
_ —? — Madrid, New-York. E. A. Dayton.

215 Lora compressa, Storer. Compressed Burbot.

216 Mer.aneus purruREvs, Storer. New-York Pollack.
217 Merianeus canBonaRivus, Storer. The Coalfish.
218 Mertaneus Leproceruatus, Dekay. Green Pollack.
219 Brosmivs vurearis? Storer. The Cusk.

220 Puycis amMERIcANuS, Storer. American Codling.

221 Puycis punctatus, Dekay. Spotted Codling.

FAMILY XXV. PLANIDA.
222 Hirpociossus vuuearis, Cuvier. The Halibut.

223 Puatessa PLANA, Storer. New-York Flatfish. ..........Cabinet.
—-— New-York bay. S. F. Baird.
se == New-York bay. Gebhard.

224 PuaTeEssa PusILLA, Dekay. Pigmy Flatfish.

225 PLaTESSA FERRUGINEA, Storer. Rusty Flatfish.

62. [Senate
226 Pratessa.DENTATA, Storer. Toothed Flatfish.

227 Puaressa optonea, Mitch. Oblong Flounder........... Cabinet.
aa = - New-York bay. S. F. Baird.

228 Piatessa ocELLARIs,, Dekay. Long-loothed Flounder. .... Cabinet.
Se — Coast of New-York. Gebhard.

229 PLeuRonecTEs macuLatus, Mitch. Spotted Turbot. ..... Cabinet.
(Rhombus maculatus, Gd. ms.)
= == New-York bay. S. F. Baird.
— == New-York bay(2). Gebhard.

230 AcHirus Mouuis, Cuvier. New-York Sole........6. .... Cabinet.
— — New-York bay(2). Gebhard.
_— — New-York bay. S. F. Baird.
— — ‘Hudson river near Albany. Gebhard.

FAMILY XXVI. CYCLOPTERIDA,
231 Lumpus ancLorum, Willughby. The Lumpyish.

FAMILY XXVIL ECHENEIDA.

932 Ecuenets anpicaupa, Mitch. White-tailed Remora. .....Cabinet,
= = Hudson river at Singsing. Gebhard.

233 HcaeneIs NAucrATES, Lin. Indian Remora.

234 HcHeneIs remora, Lin, Common Remora.

ORDER IV. APODAL.

FAMILY XXVIII. ANGUILLIDA.

235 ANGUILLA TENUIROsTRIS, Dekay. _Common New-York Eel. Cabinet.
—! — Lake George. Rev. J. N.' Campbell.
= — Oswegatchie river. Dr. F. B. Hough,
= — Oneida county. Gebhard.

236 AneuittA RosTRaTA? Dekay. Beaked Eel. ......eseees Cabinet.
== — Madrid, New-York. EH. A. Dayton.

237 ANGUILLA ocEANICA, Mitch. Sea Eel.
238 ANGUILLA MACROCEPHALA, Dekay.. Bullhead Kel.
239 Concer occipenraLis, Dekay.. American Conger.

240 Opuipium MaRcinatuM, Dekay. New-York Ophidiwm. ...Cabinet.
= _— New-York harbor: Gebhard.

241 AmmopyTEs aMERIcaNnuS, Dekay. American. Sandluce.

242 AmmopytTEs vitrarus, Dekay. Banded Sandluce.

No: 40.] | 63.
ORDER V. LOPHOBRANCHIL.

FAMILY XXIX. SYNGNATHIDA.
243 SynenatHus FraAsciatus, Dékay. Banded Pipefish.
244 SyNGNATHUS VIRIDESCENS, Dekay. Green Pipefish.

245 Hippocampus Hupsonius, Dekay. Hudson-river Seahorse. . Cabinet.
= — Hudson river near New-York(4).. Gebhard.

ORDER VI. PLECTOGNATHI.

FAMILY XXX. GYMNODONTIDA.
246 Diopon macunaro-srriatus, Mitch. Spot-striped Balloon-fish.
247 Diopon FULIGINOSUS; Dekay. Unspotted Balloon-fish.
248 Diopon verrucosus, Dekay.. Warty Balloon-fish:
249 Diovon pinosus; Mitch. Hairy Batlloon-fish.
250 TErRAoDON TURGIDUS, Storer. Common Puffer.

251 Terraopon curvus, Mitch. Curved Puffer. ...... ESSE Cabinet.
_ _— Hudson river near Singsing. Gebhard.

52 Terraopon Ltavicarus; Lin. Lineated Puffer.
253. AcaANTHosoma caRinaTuM, Dekay. Small.Globefish.
254 Ortuacoriscus mota, Bloch. Short Headfish.

FAMILY XXXI. BALISTIDA.
255 Monocanruus aurantiacus, Dekay. Orange Filefish.
256 Monocanravs Broacus, Dekay. Long-finned Filefish.
257 Monocantuus MASSACHUSETENSIS, Storer. Massachusetts Filefish..

258 Monocantuus sETIFER, Dekay. Thread Filefish......... Cabinet,
— — Harbor of New-York(2). Gebhard.

259 ALUTERES cusPicauDA, Dekay. Long-tailed Unicorn-jish.

260 Batistes FruLicinosus,, Dekay.. Dusky Balistes.

FAMILY XXXII. OSTRACIONIDA.
261 Lacropurys camezinus, Dekay. Dromedary Trunkish.

262 Lacropurys vaLEl, Dekay. Yale’s Trunkysish.

64

- SUB-CLASS II. CARTILAGINOUS FISHES.

ORDER I. ELEUTHEROPOMI.

FAMILY I. STURIONIDA.
263 AcIPENSER RUBICcUNDUS, Lesu. Lake Sturgeon.
264 AcIPENSER BREVIROSTRIS, Lesu. Short-nosed Sturgeon.

265 AcIPENSER oxyruincus, Mitch. Sharp-nosed Sturgeon.
— — Lake Ontario. Gebhard.

ORDER If. PLAGIOSTOMI.

FAMILY II. SQUALID.
266 CarcHaRiAs vuLPEs, Cuvier. Thresher Shark.
267 CarcHaRtas cERULEUS, Dekay. Small Blue Shark.
268 CarcHarias oBscurus, Dekay. Dusky Shark.
269 CarcHaRiss LiITToRALIS, Dekay. Ground Shark.
270 Lamna punctata, Storer. Mackerel Porbeagle.

271 Lamna caupata, Dekay. Long-tailed Porbeagle.

272 Musretus canis, Dekay. American Houndfish....... “3

— _ Coast of New-York. Gebhard.
273 SELacnus maximus, Dekay. Basking Shark.
274 Spinax acantuias? Storer. Spinous Dogfish.
275 Scymnus BREvIPINNA, Dekay. The Nurse.
276 ZyGHna MALLEvS, Val. Hammerhead Shark..

277 SquaTINA DUMERILI, Lesu. American Angel-fish.

[SENATE

. Cabinet.

. Cabinet.

278 Pristis anTiquorum, Latham (Linn. Trans.). Common Sawfish.

FAMILY III. RAID.
279 Rata piapHanes, Mitch. Clear-nosed Ray,

280 Rata americana, Dekay. Prickly Ray....... alien
— — Coast of New-York. Gebhard.

281 Raia oceniata, Mitch. Spotted Ray.
282 Pastinaca mactura, Dekay, Broad Sting-ray.

283 RHINOPTERA QUADRILOBA, Dekay. Cotvnose Ray.

... Cabinet.

No. 40.] 65

284 Rata ERinacEus, Mitch. Hedgehog Ray.
285 Pastinaca HAsTAaTA, Dekay. Whip Sting-ray.
286 Rata Levis, Mitch. Smooth Skate.

287 CEPHALOPTERA vampirus, Mitch. The Sea-devil.

ORDER III. CYCLOSTOMI.

FAMILY IV. PETROMYZONIDA.

288 PETROMYZON AMERICANUS, Lesu. American Sea-lamprey. .Cabinet.
— — _ Hudson river near Albany. Gebhard,

289 Perromyzon nicricans, Lesu. Bluzsh Sea-lamprey..
290 Perromyzon appenpix, Dekay. Small Lamprey.
291 Ammoce:tzs Bicotor, Lesu. Colored Mud-lamprey.

292 Ammoca:TEs uNnicoLor, Dekay. Plain Mud-lamprey,

ae APPENDIX,

FISHES DISCOVERED IN THE STATE SINCE THE PUBLICATION
OF THE ZOOLOGY

293 Prxcopsis PELLUCIDA, Thomps.....-. EMaiies witve: 101) Cabinet,
’ —_ — Elizabethtown, Essex county. S. F. Baird.

294 Lasrax MULTILINEATUS, Cuv. et Val. White Bass of Lake Evie. Cab.
_ _— Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

295 Laprax noratus, Rich. Canadian Bass, or Barfish.

- 296 LuctopERca cANADENSIS, Griffith’s Cuvier. Green Pickering. Cabinet.
—_- -— Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

297 Srrranvs monrio, Cuv. et Val. Called ‘‘Neégre’’ at St. Domingo.

298 GrysTEs 2) Batrdstaieiss.s Oe SAE Cee a BES 2 . Cabinet.
_ — Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

_ 299 CenTRARcHUs HEXACANTHUS, Val. Rockfish, or Grass Bass. Cabinet.

— _ Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

[Senate, No. 40.] 5

66 [SENATE
300 Pomotis mEGALoTis? Rafin.es..cssecceesecceseeea cee «» Cabinet:
— — Lake George. §.F. Baird. -
301 Pomoris souis, Val. Solztary Sunfish.

302 Corrus witsonm? Girard. Walson’s Cottus.......+.+.+...Cabinet.
— — From a small tributary of the Oswego creek, town of —
Little-Genesee, Allegany county. R. P. Stevens.

308 Corrus cosioipEs, Girard. Large-mouthed Cottus.

304 Corrus BoLEorpEs, Girard. Slender Cottus.

305 Corrus rormosus, Girard. Small-headed Cottus.

306 Cortus byte. a ral dian aunapatomalertaa auch itio Cicimin a ons soe iedea DIE

— — one a mae tributary of the Oswego See town of
Little-Genesee, Allegany county. R. P. Stevens.

807 TricLopsis THomPsonu, Girard. Thompson’s Triglopsis.. . Cabinet.
~~ _ Lake Ontario. S. F. Baird.

308 GastTEROSTEUS INcoNSTANS, Kirt. Stickleback. ........+ Cabinet.
_- — Oswego. S. F. Baird.

309 Umsrina corores, Cuv. et Val. Southern King fish.

310 SerroLa cosmopouira, Cuy.et Val Cosmopolite Seriole.

311 CorypHmna svEuRU, Cuv. Sweur’s Dolphin.

312 Barracuus variecatus, Lesu. Variegated Toadjish.

313 Pimentopus ca@ruescens, Rafin. Blue, Brown or Silvery Catfish.
314 Pimexopus cupreus, Rafin. Yellow Catfish.

815 PimELopUS XANTHOCEPHALUS, Raf. The ‘Small Black Bullhead”
of the northern streams and lakes. —

316 Pimenopus eraciuis, Hough. Common Catfish........... Cabinet.
This species occurs in the Oswegatchie, Indian, and other rivers.
tributary to the St. Lawrence, and in several of the smaller lakes of
St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Dr. F. B. Hough.

317 Noturus Fuavus, Raf. Yellow Backtail, Young Catfish.

318 Gosio caTaractm#, Val. Niagara Gudgeon.

319 Axsramis smitHu, Rich. Smith's er eae:

320 Catostomus MELANopS, Raf. Spotted Sucker. .........0. Cabinet.
— a= Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

321 Catrostomus communis? Lesu. Common Sucker?........ Cabinet.

— — Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

$22 Carosromus FLOREALIS (new spec.), Baird. Sucker. .... «Cabinet.
— — Elizabethtown, Essex county. S.F. Baird.

A .

No. 40.] 67

323 Catostomus TERES, Lesu. Freshwater Sucker. ........ . Cabinet.
—_— — Lake Champlain. S. F. Baird.

324 Catostomus BosTONIENSIS, Lesu. Boston Sucker.

325 Carostomus caRPio, Val. Carp Sucker.

3826 Leuciscus Rosacgus (new spec.), Baird. Rosaceous Shiner. Cabinet.
= — Root’s tavern, Hudson-river basin. SS. F. Baird.

327 Leuciscus PALEI (new spec.), Baird..........4.. see. Cabinet.
— _ Elizabethtown, Essex county. S. F. Baird.

328 Leuciscus pLacyrus, Raf. Common Shiner of Ohio.
329 Levciscus storEianus, Kirt. Storer’s Leuciscus.
330 Leuciscus porRSALIs, Raf. Common Chub.
331 Leuciscus ELoneatus, Kirt. Red-bellied Shiner of the Lake.
332 Levciscus pissiminis, Kirt. Spotted Shiner.
333 HExoGLossUM LESUEURIANUM, Raf. Lesueur’s Chub. ...... Cabinet.
. (E. mazxillingua, Agass.)
— — Coxsackie, Greene county. S. F. Baird.
oe = Roct’s tavern, Hudson river. S. F. Baird. ©

nae = Geneva, Ontario county. S. F. Baird.
ily ss Sacket’s-harbor, Lake Ontario. S.F. Baird.

334 Exocrossum ANNULATUM, Raf. Black Chub.
835 ExoGLossuM NIGRESCENS, Raf. Black Chub.

336 Menanura LinEaTA, Agass.ms. Striped Dace...... + ~+ « «Gabinet.
— ~- Oswego. S. F. Baird

337 Esox nicer, Lesu. Black Pike.
Dr. Dexay thinks this may be the young of E. reticulatus.

338.Saumo CANADENSIS, Griffith’s Cuvier. Canadian Salmon.

339 Cuatessus ELLIPTIcus, Kirt. Hickory Shad..........-- Cabinet.
— — Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

SA OnAnime Cana (Valk, MMerd fish share icvetaleel ae oieihhe «jars be ate Cabinet.

~ — _ Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

341 LepmposTEvSs HURONENSIS, Rich. Northern Mailed-fish. . ..Cabinet.
— — Lake Erie.. S. F. Baird.

342 Puycis tenuis, Dekay. Slender Cod.
843 Puiaressa GLABRA, Storer. Elliptical Flatfish.
344 AnuTerEs aneusticaupa, Dekay. Narrow-tailed Filefish.

345 CarcHaRIAsS cRiseus, Ayres. Gray Shark.

és [SenaTE
346° MyiopaTIs FREMINVILLU, Lesu. F'reminville’s Ray.
347 Myziozatis savi, Lesu. Say’s Ray.
348 Myxiopatis acura, Ayres. Slender Ray.

x

349 TorPepo occIDENTALIs, Storer. Nwmbjish or Crampfish. ’

350 Perromyzon arcentatus, Kirt. Szlvery Lamprey.......Cabinet.
—_ -—— Lake Erie. S. F. Baird.

351 CarPioIDEs THOMPSoONI, Agass.

s

352 Hysporuyncus NoTatus, Agass.
353 Moxosroma anisurus, Agass. (Catostomus anisurus, Raf.)
354 Prycnosromus puquesNnu, Agass. (Catostomus duquesnit, Lesu.)

355 CaTosToMuUS FORSTERIANUS, Agass..

Making a total of : Families...... 32;
: Genera ......- 156 ;
Species ....... 355.

Of the species above enumerated, there are one hundred and one in the
State Cabinet, as will be seen from the preceding catalogue.

Erratum. No. 158, for Melanura pygmea, read M. annulata.

Since the preceding report was printed, we have received the
January and’ March numbers of the American Journal of Science
and Arts. They contain a valuable paper by Prof. Acassiz, entitled
a “Synopsis of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Pacific Slope of
North America, chiefly from the collections made by the United”
States Exploring Expedition under the command of Captain C.
Witxes, with recent additions and comparisons with eastern types ;”

-a full notice of which will be given in the next report.

The following is a list of the New-York fishes referred to in the
Synopsis, with the names given by Prof. Acassiz and the synonyms
of other naturalists.

No. 40.] 69

NaMES GIVEN BY PRoFr. AGASSIZ. SYNONYMS.
CARPIOIDES THOMPSONI....¢+.... CATOSTOMUS CYPRINUS, Thompson.

( LABEO GIBBOSUS,

LABEO ELEGANS,

LABEO ESOPUS,

4 LaBEO OBLONGUS,

| CATOSTOMUS TUBERCULATUS,
{

MoxosToMA OBLONGUS* ........

Catostomus vittatus, Dekay’s New
York Fauna.

MoxosToMA ANISURUS .......... CatosTomus anisuRus, Raf.
PrycHosTomUS AUREOLUS ....... Catostomus AUREOLUS, Les. ‘
PTYcHOSTOMUS DUQUESNII ....... CatosTomus DuquESsNu, Les.
PrycHOSTOMUS MACROLEPIDOTUS .. CATOSTOMUS MACROLEPIDOTUS, Les.
HyLomyzoN NIGRICANS.....+..2.. CATOSTOMUS BIGRICANS; Les.
CATOSTOMUS FORSTERIANTS (new sp.).

ExoGLossUM MAXILLINGUA....... CATOSTOMUS MAXILLINGUA, Les.

( Levciscus pyemaus, Dekay.
Hyprareyra aTRicaupA, Dekay.
Hyprarcyra Fusca, Thomp.

| Funpuvus Fuscus, Storer.

HyzoruyNcus NoTATUS ........- MINNILUS NoTatTus, Raf.
LUPILUS CHRYSOLEUCAS ......... STILBE CHRYSOLEUCAS, Dekay.

MELANURA ANNULATA*...ccecee |

*In these instances, Prof. AGAssiz has ascertained that different forms of
the same have been mistaken for different species.

_ ERRATUM IN LAST YEAR’S REPORT.

Page 125. For “4, Geology, fourth district pee) read second
district.

ee

nee

eh

-
ort

on
{ oer

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re)
Wee
iy ity
. i

PEGS:

NINTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF TIE

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF THE

State of New-Dork,

ON, TILE

CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

OF

ATURAL HISTORY,

AND THE

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

ANNEXED THERETO,

GON OO ae

Made to the Senate, February 20, 1856.

I aaa

ALBANY:
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE,
No. 407 Broadway.

Srmvcer F. Barn,

NINTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF THE

State of New-Dork,

ON THE

CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET

OF

NATURAL HISTORY.

1 HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION

ANNEXED THERETO.

DARIO

Made to the Senate, February 20, 1856.

ALBANY:
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE,
; No. 407 Broadway.

State of NerweiMork.

No. 112.

IN SENATE, FEB, 20, 1856.

NINTH ANNUAL REPORT.

TO THE HON. HENRY J. RAYMOND,

Lieutenant-Governor, and President of the Senate.

SIR:
I wave the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents

of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History, and
the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto.

I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
Frpruary 20, 1856.

[Senate No. 112.] 1 [u.n.&1000s.1500R.]

dh

Unnaent ot ane

ADOT, tall

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1856,

GERRIT Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
JOHN GREIG, Vice-Chancellor.

MYRON H. CLARK, Governor, ez officio.
HENRY J. RAYMOND, Lieutenant-Governor, ex officzo.
JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State, ex officzo.
VICTOR M. RICE, Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.
JOHN K. PAIGE.
ERASTUS CORNING.
PROSPER M. WETMORE.
JOHN L. GRAHAM.
JOHN M‘LEAN.
GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.
DAVID BUEL.
JAMES 8. WADSWORTH.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.
ROBERT CAMPBELL.
REV. SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
JOHN N. CAMPBELL, D.D.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT.
(Two vacancies. ) .

SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE REGENTS,

SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET.

1855.

MYRON H. CLARK, Governor.

ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, Secretary of State.
ERASTUS CORNING.

ROBERT G. RANKIN.

JOHN K. PAIGE.

1856.

MYRON. H. CLARK, Governor.

JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT. ,
REV. DR. CAMPBELL.

ERASTUS CORNING.

R oi ,
: JOHN GEBHARD sunior, Curator.
: JAMES A. HURST, Tazddermist.

REPORT.

ny

TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,
> The Regents of the University
RESPECTFULLY Report:

That the erection of a new building for the collections in
Natural History on the site of the old one, rendered necessary
_ the removal of these collections to such places as could be
temporarily provided for them, and thus prevented any extended
and systematic efforts for their increase. Some valuable additions,
however, have been made, and something has been done toward
_ a more complete exhibition of the Natural History of the State.

In the last report, allusion was made to the promise of a large
collection of fish, native to the State, from Professor Barrp, of
the Smithsonian Institution. These have been received, and the
catalogue is annexed to this report.

A collection of fresh water shells has also been received from
Professor Dewey, of the Rochester University. They have been
collected principally from the waters of the western part of the
State, though a few are from Ohiv, and are valuable for the pur-
poses of comparison.

The Curator continues his catalogue of newly discovered fishes
inhabiting the State. He also reports the materials deposited with
him during the past year, towards completing the Paleontology.

The Regents have looked forward with great interest to the
completion of the building, the erection of which was directed
by the last Legislature, for the joint occupancy of the museum
of the State Agricultural Society, and the several cabinets of
Natural History. It is understood that the part of the building
assigned to the Agricultural Society meets their wants and wishes.

8 ) | Senate

While the board to whom its construction was committed, un-
doubtedly intended to provide for the best scientific arrange-
ment of the large collections which the State has at great expense
caused to be made; it is found that such an arrrangement is
quite impracticable with the present construction of a portion of
the interior of the building. |

What New-York has done in exploring its Geological structure,
and in classifying and naming its rocks, has given the State an
authority and character, in this department of science, which is
acknowledged wherever the science is cultivated. The object of
the collection is to exhibit on the floor of the room, by rocks and
fossils gathered from every formation, their relative position in
the order of real place. The collection will be almost worthless
if otherwise exhibited; for it will not represent nature and truth.
Under this condition of things, the Regents have not felt war-
ranted in directing the arrangement of the collections in the
building as now constructed. They have chosen to state the facts
to the Legislature, rather than to attempt to do what they are’
confident would soon be directed to be undone; and to ask such
an appropriation as will enable them to adapt the interior of the
building to the purposes designed, and to erect the necessary .
cases for the preservation and proper exhibition of the collections,
thus making such a display of the Natural resources of the State
as will be a source of just pride to its citizens.

By Order of the Regents.
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.

S. B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.

ACCOUNT CURRENT.

The Regents of the University, in account current with the appropriation for preserv-
ing and increasing the ‘‘ State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical
and Antiquarian Coixction annexed thereto,” and for defraying the incidental
expenses of the same.

DR.
1854.
Dec. 26. To balance of former appropriation remaining in bank (See Senate Docu-
ment of 1855, No. 40) ..---....00- ersieisiavclere dic ohe eleisraeiater elas oieerate $736 84
1855. p
Oct. 9. To annual appropriation from the Comptroller (in part) ...---s++s.e05. 200 00
$936 84
CR.
1854.
Dec. 26. By cash paid for removing De Rham collection..........-+++-> »»-No.1, $5 63
1855.
Mar. 2. By oat paid J. A. Hurst, taxidermist, quarter’s ala to March 1,
Po poadqcadéveceuacebe conaSobucUcee bodoAd OnSuboesouRN No.2, 50 00
April 30. By on paid for removing “collection, to April 28 ....... boosts ---No.3, 12 50
May 1. By cash paid John Gebhard, for tooth of fossil fags a Hgoddo.conc No.4, 11 00
May 5. By cash paid for removing collection, to May 5.-.cceeesseveseeeeNO. 5, 145 50
May 12. do do do to May12...... soos oseomos No.6, 160 00
May 19. do do do to May 19 ..---esceeeesseeeNO. 7, 56 $9
May 26. By cash paid for alcohol and contingents......... edadcabaccooocas No.8, 23 13
June 1. By cash paid J. A. Hurst, quarter’s salary ...+.++-..-2++ss++-0- No.9, 50 00
June 5. By cash paid Professor S. F. Baird, for 82 specimens of fish, with jars and
TMCS era e eyo e\ acetal oe ote areca tach avch apace hous yes cus astauesates a ngeieokon ee No. 10, 100 60
July 12. By cash paid for contingent expenses.-...... acecamooedooocuces No. ll, 9 05
Sept.13. By cash paid J. A. Hurst, 2 diester S salary .-eeeseeeseeeeee -»..No.12, 50 60
SE By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for mounting
Great nae owl Girexeutcd) cooeee $5 00
Female oe cere etna anO0
4 Buffalo bony pike, ‘ ....-. 20 00
No. 13, 30 00
Sept.15. By cash paid rent of Mr. Hurst’s room, May to Aug. 1855 .....-No.14, 21 00
Nov. 9. do do do Aug. to Nov. 1855...... No.15, 21 00
Nov. 15. By cash paid for contingent expenses.... ....++eeee- sreseeeees No. 16, 21 32
Dec. 1. By cash paid J. A. Hurst, for quanics SALA terelelaleleisl-lol=lalolehsinierels -No.17, —50 00
Balance to new account o--+-+seeseecreccevces seueee ccecducsmcescoee 119 FQ
$936 84
(COPY)

Aupany City Bank. Dec. 31,1855. I certify that there is the sum of
one hundred and nineteen 72-100 dollars standing to the credit of the State
Cabinet of Natural History, on the books of this bank.

(Signed) H. H. MARTIN, Cashier.

In behalf of the standing committee on the State Cabinet, I have examined
the above account and find it correct. The payments have been made by order
of the standing committee, and are accompanied with proper vouchers.

MYRON H. CLARK, Chairman.

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX,

eee

Catalogue of the birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and shells, added
to the State Cabinet from January 1, 1855, to January 1, 18563.
including the

Catalogue by Professor S. F. Barrp, of the fishes furnished to the -
State Cabinet by the Smithsonian Institution ;

The catalogue of newly discovered fishes inhabiting the State, con-
tinued from the last report, by the Curator; and the

Catalogue of the fresh water shells, furnished to the State, by Pro-
fessor C. DEWEY, of Rochester.

Catalogue of minerals, geological specimens and fossils, added to the
collection during the year.

Additions to the historical and antiquarian collection, during the
year.

Materials received at the State Geological Rooms, since January 1,
1855, towards completing the Palzontology.

APPENDIX.

A.

CATALOGU E

OF THE

ADDED TO THE

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

JANUARY 1, 1855, TO JANUARY 1, 1856,

AES

Seianinelievean edie <3,

yy ae. EAA Wis fi

BIRDS.

ORDER V. LOBIPEDES.

FAMILY PODICIPIDA.
Popicers cornutus. Horned Grebe (female).
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part II, pa. 274, pl. 140, f. 305.

This specimen was shot in the Hudson River, at Port Schuyler, on the
8th day of February, 1855, by J. F. Roy, and presented to the State
Collection by James Roy, of West Troy.

REPTILES.

We publish with pleasure the following communication, from
that indefatigable naturalist, Professor Spencer F. Barren, at pre-
sent the assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, at
Washington : from which it will be seen, that another species is
added to the number of New-York serpents.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

Wasuineton, D. C., Oct. 5, 1855.
Dear Sir — We received a day or two ago, from General
Warp, of Sing-Sing, a specimen of the Heterodon niger, or Black
Viper, caught by him on his place in that village. As this is the
first published account of its existence in New-York, it may be
‘well to place the fact on record in the next report of the New-

Bt
a

14 [Senate

York State Cabinet. You will perhaps remember, that in my
article on the serpents of New-York, published in the report for
1853,* I mentioned this as an additional species to be looked for
along the southern border of the State.
The list of New-York serpents, with the present addition, now
embraces eighteen species.
Yours truly,

SPENCER F. BAIRD.
* Jonn GEBHARD Junior, Albany.

As this species is not included in Dekay’s Fauna of our State,
we publish the following detailed description by Professcr Barrp,
taken from the catalogue of North American Reptiles in the
museum of the Smithsonian Institution.

HETERODON NIGER, T'roost.— Black Viper.

Sprc. Cuar. Vertical plate as long as the occipitals. Rostral prominent.

Dorsal rows of scales 25, the exterior smooth, the 2d row obsoletely.

carinated, the rest with the scales distinctly carinated, the carine extend-
ing quite to the tip. Uniform black above, slate-color beneath.

SYNONYMS.

Vipera nigra, CatesBy, Nat. Hist. Carol. II, 1748, 44. Pl. xliv.

Scytale niger, Daun. Hist. Nat. Rept. V, 1799, 342.—Hart. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se.
Philad. V, 1827, 867; and Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 180.

Coluber cacodemon, SHaw, Gen. Zool. III, 1802, 377. Pl. cii.

Coluber thraso, Haru. Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 120.

Heterodon niger, Troost. Aun. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. York, III, 1836, 186.—? Honsr.
N. Amer. Herp. Ist ed. IT, 1838, 105, Pl. xxiii; and 2d ed. III, 1842, 63. Pl.

Xvi.
Black Viper; Spreading Adder.

Postfrontals large, extending to the loral. Prefrontals smaller. Azygos
rather large, separating the prefrontals entirely, and the postfrontals
anteriorly : in a line with the rostral. Rostral broad. Keel acutely dis-
tinet. Scales on the back of head keeled, though obsoletely in those next
to the occipital plates. The line from tip of snout to lower angle of pos-
terior labial, crosses the lower part of the eye, whose centre is a little in
advance of the middle of this line. Orbital chain of 9 plates. Loral tri-

* See Seventh Annual Report, page 103.

No. 112.| 15

angular, truncated above. Nasals rather large, less developed than in H. ~
platyrhinos. Upper labials 8; 3d—6th in contact with suborbitals. Centre
of eye above the juncture of the 4th and Oth.

Scales distinctly carinated, except the outer row, which is smooth, and
the second, on which the carination is very obsolete, sometimes quite
smooth. All the scales diminish gradually to the back, where they are
quite linear; posteriorly, however, they are broader.

Color above and on the sides entirely dull black, beneath rather light
slate-color, shading into milk-white on the chin and on the edge of the
upper labials. The exterior row of scales shade gently from the color of
the back to that of the belly.

The Heterodon niger bears quite a close relationship in the character
of the plates and scales to H. platyrhinos, from which the principal
difference lies in the color. Although this species greatly resembles in
eolor the black variety of H. atmodes, they may be readily distinguished.
The rostral of H. niger is well developed, high, broad, and with the dorsal
carina acute and well marked. The carination on the scales back of the head
is delicately distinct, as also upon the other scales, the keel extending to
the very tip. The seales on the back are linear and narrow, but become
_ much broader in proportion towards the tail. The occipitals are longer,
and the head in front of the eye longer in proportion to the part behind it.
No bands evident, even obsoletely. The other differs in all these respects :
rostral low, and the keel more rounded; scales on back shorter, and ante-
riorly rather broad, and the disproportion with those posteriorly much
less conspicuous; carinee not extending to the tip; faint bars seen indis-
tinetly across the black of the back, &c.

Carlisle, Pa. 9° 140+1. 49. 25. 36. 6. S. F. Baird.

Specimens from the south differ simply in being rather darker on the
sides and beneath.
Abbeville, S. C. 145+1.— 25. 26. — Dr. J. B. Barratt.
Kempe county, Miss. 12641.53.25, 28.53. D. C. Lloyd.

16 [SENATE

AMPHIBIANS.

MENopRANCHUS MACULATUS, Barnes. The Spotted Proteus.

This beautiful specimen was taken in the Hudson river, near the city
of Albany, in the month of May, 1855, and presented to the State
Cabinet, by Dr. VAN RENSSELAER, of Greenbush, Rensselaer county,
N.Y:

This species is not described by Drxay, in the New-York
Fauna; and as the description of the Menobranchus maculatus of
Barnes, by the Rev. Zapocx Tuomprson, in his Natural History of
Vermont, so correctly and accurately describes our specimen, we
have thought proper to publish his description entire.

Description. General color dark cinereous gray, produced by minute
yellowish specks on a dark bluish ground, and irregularly interspersed with
circular spots about the size of a pea, of a darker hue; the throat and
central part of the abdomen.nearly white; a brownish stripe commencing
at the nose and extending backwards over the eye; the margin of the tail
often of an orange tinge, with blackish blotches near the extremity. The
head is large, flattened, and the snout truncated ; eyes small and far apart;
mouth large; throat contracted with a transverse fold in the cuticle be-
neath; tongue large and fleshly; teeth small and sharp, two rows in the
upper jaw and one in the lower. The gills are external, large, and each
consists of three delicately tufted or fringed lobes, which, when vibrating
in the water, are of a fine blood-red color; body cylindrical, covered with
a smooth mucous skin; tail long, flattened and broad vertically, and
rounded at the end like that of an eel; legs four, each foot furnished with
four toes resembling fingers, but without nails, although the cuticle at the
extremities is dark colored, having much the appearance of nails. The
total length of the specimen before me, and from which the above de-
scription is made, is 123 inches, and this is about the usual length.

No. 112.] 17

History. This singular reptile was first described by ScHNEIDER
about the year 1799, from a specimen obtained from Lake Champlain.*
This specimen was probably obtained at Winooski falls, which were, for
some time, the only known locality of this animal, and where more or less of
them are now taken every spring, upon the hooks suspended on nicht lines
for taking fishes. The fishermen formerly considered them poisonous, and
when they found them upon their lines they were glad to rid themselves
of them by cutting the lines and letting them go with the hook in their
mouths; but they are now found to be perfectly harmless and inoffensive.
This animal is seldom seen excepting in the months of April and May,
and this is the season for depositing its eggs. In a specimen taken on the
13th of April, 1840, I found about 150 eggs of the size of a small pea,
and apparently just ready to be extruded. The food of this reptile consists
of various kinds of worms and insects. The stomach of the one above
mentioned contained two hemipterous insects, each three-fourths of an
inch long, the wings and bodies of which were entire; besides numerous
fragments of other insects. Of the habits of this animal, very little is
known. It seems to spend the greater portion of the time about the falls,
concealed in the inaccessible recesses and crevices of the rocks below the
surface of the water, and not to venture much abroad excepting at the
season for depositing its eggs. Although it passes nearly the whole time
in water, it is truly an amphibious animal, having lungs for breathing in
the atmosphere, as well as branchiz for breathing in water. It does not,
however, breathe in- water by receiving the water into its mouth and pass-
ing it out through the gills, in the manner of fishes, but simply by the
vibrations of its branchiz in the water. When kept in a vessel containing
a large quantity of water, or in which the water is frequently renewed, it
manifests but little disposition to rise to the surface for atmospheric air.

* The following is Schneider's description. and our reptile answers to it in almost
every particular.

Corpus ultra 8 pollices longum et fere pollicem, crassum, molle, spongiosum, multis
poris pervium, in utroque latere tribus macularum rotundarum, nigrarum seriebus
variegatum ; cauda compressa et anceps, utrinque maculata, inferiore acie recta, su-
periore ‘curyata, in finem teretiusculum terminatur. Caput latum et planum ;: oculi
parvi, nares anteriores in margine labii superioris, maxillz superioris geminz ut in-
ferioris dentes conici, obtusi, satis longi; lingue lata, integra, anterius soluta : apertura
oris patit usque ad oculorum lineam verticalem; labia piscium labiis similia; pedes
dissiti quatuor, tetradactyli omnes, absque unguiculis; ani rima in longitudinem patet ;
branchiz utrinque ternze extus propendent, apposite superne totidem arcubus car-
tilagineis, quorum latus internum tubercula cartilaginea, velut in piscium genere, ex-
asperant, &e. U

[Senate, No. 112.] 2

18 [SenaTE

But when the quantity of water is small, and not often changed, it soon
finds the air in the water insufficient for its purpose, in which case it comes
to the surface, takes in a mouthful of air, and sinks again with it to the
bottom. After retaining the air for a time, probably long enough for the
consumption of its oxygen in the lungs, it suffefs it to escape through the
mouth and gill openings, and it is seen to rise in small bubbles to the
surface. This animal is said to be found in several places at the west, par-
ticularly in streams falling into Lake Ontario, where it is said sometimes
to attain the leneth of two feet. The length of those taken at Winooski
falls varies from 8 to 13 inches. I have never seen one which exceeded
15 inches. The best figure of our animal which I have seen published is
in the annals of the N. Y. Lyceum, Vol. I, plate 16. The descriptions and
fizure in Dr. HoLBRooK’s American Herpetology do not answer to our
Menobranchus; but as Professor G. W. Benerpict has furnished Dr. H.
with an accurate colored figure, drawn from a living specimen, by the Rt.
Rev. J. H. HorKins, we hope to see it correctly represented in a future
volume of his splendid and valuable work. We are strongly inclined to
believe the animal which he describes, to be a different species from ours.

a

Notwithstanding what he and others have said in proof of the identity of —

the Triton lateralis of Say, the Menobranchus lateralis of HARLAN,
HloLBRook, and others, with the reptile described by ScunEIDER, I am
stronely inclined to the opinion that they are different species. I have
therefore given the name suggested by Professor BenepictT. and adopted
by Barnes, the preference, and have described our animal under the name
of Menobranchus maculatus, that being descriptive of our reptile, and the
other not so.

No. 112.] | 19

FISHES.

ORDER II. ABDOMINAL.
FAMILY XXIII. SAURIDA.

LepisostEus Bison, Dekay. Buffalo Bony-Pike. Four specimens.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part IV, pa. 271, pl. 438, f. 139.

These specimens were taken in Chaumont bay, at the east end of Lake
Ontario, Jefferson county, N. Y., in the spring of 1855. The largest
specimen is forty-six inches in length. There is no perceptible differ-
ence, externally, between the males and females. GEBHARD.

SYNONYMS.

Esox osseus, Bony-scaled Pike. Mitch,
Lepisosteus osseus, Bony Bike. Lacépéde.
Lepisosteus oxyurus. Rafinesque.

Lepisosteus longirostris. Cuvier.

Lepisosteus huronensis, Northern Mailed-fish. Rich.
Lepidosteus osseus, Bony Pike. Agassiz.

The following is a translation of the note of Professor Acassiz,
in his great work “ Poissons Tossiles,” vol. 2, part ii, pa. 1, on
the etymology of Lacsrspn’s name “ Lepisosteus;” and giving
the reason for changing it to “ Lepidosteus.”

“The etymology of this compound name ought to have led LackpEpE
to write it ‘“‘ Lepidosteus,”’ in conformity with the Greek mode of declin-
ing. I have corrected this little mistake of this elegant French writer,
without however intending to ascribe to myself the discovery and establish-
ment of this genus, as has been charged upon me. I make the observation
on purpose to show that I am consistent in the application of my principles
of nomenclature.”

ee OT Shen

20 | Senate

There are specimens of the Lepidosteus in the State Collec-
tion from Lakes Champlain, Ontario and Erie; and from a
critical examination and comparison, no sensible difference is dis-
coverable. They all belong to the species bison of Dexay (huro-
nensis of Ricuarpson). It is evident, therefore, that the bison and
platyrhincus of Drxay are the only species of Lepidosteus at
present known as inhabiting the waters of the State of New-
York.

Dexay, in his Zoology of the State, has not given any facts in
relation to the history of the Lepidosteus. To supply in a mea-
sure this omission, we make the following extracts from the
Natural History of Vermont, by the Rev. Zapocx Tuompson.

“This singular fish was described by SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN, as an in-
habitant of the Lake now bearing his name, more than 200 years ago.
He called it Chausarou, which was probably the Indian name. The Indians
assured him they were often seen eight or ten feet long, but the largest he
saw was only five feet long, and about the thickness of a man’s thigh. It
is considered a very voracious fish; and when any of them are taken, or
seen in the water, the fishermen calculate upon little success in taking
other kinds. CHARLEVOIX tells us that he preys not only upon other
fishes, but upon birds also; and that he takes them by the following
stratagem : Concealing himself among the reeds growing on the marshy
borders of the lake, he thrusts his bill out of the water in an upright
position. The bird wanting rest, takes this for a broken limb, or dry reed,
and perches upon it. The fish then opens his mouth, and makes such a
sudden spring that the bird seldom escapes him. CHARLEVOTX also assures
us that the Indians regarded the tecth of this fish as a sovereign remedy
for the headache, and that pricking with it where the pain was sharpest,
took it away instantly. The scales with which this fish 1s covered are so
thick and strong, as to form a coat of mail, which is not easily pierced
with a spear. They are taken only occasionally in the seine at the present
diy, but are said to be sometimes seen in considerable numbers lying in
the marshy coves. Its flesh is rank and tough, and is not used for food.
The usual length of those now taken, is from two and a half to three feet,
though they are often much longer. One of the largest specimens which
I have seen was taken at the mouth of Winooski river, June 16, 1838,
and is now in my possession. It is 46 inches long, and when caught weighed
nine and a half pounds.”

.
No. 112.] 21

EXTRA LIMITAL.

From JoHn A. GRANGER Esq., of Canandaigua, N. Y.

A specimen of an eyeless fish ( 4mblyopsis speleus, of Dexay), from the River
Styx, in the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky.

The following is a copy of the note accompanying the specimen.

Cananpaicua, Nov. 9, 1855.
DR. T. ROMEYN BECK,

Dear Sir—I send to your care, an eyeless fish, taken in the River Styx, in
the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, and brought by me from there in May, 1844;
to be presented in my name to the Natural History department of the State of

New-York.
Yours, very respectfully,
JOHN A. GRANGER.

99 | Senate

FISHES.

LIST OF FISHES,

INHABITING THE STATE OF NEW-YORK;

Sent to the New-York State Cabinet of Natural History, by the Smith-
sonian Institution, in May, 1855.

SUB-CLASS I. BONY FISH.
ORDER I. SPINE-RAYED.
FAMILY I. PERCID.

Laprax rurus, Dekay. Ruddy Bass.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 9, pl. iii, f. 7. Sing-Sing, Croton river.
Brackest waters. (3.) S. F. Barrp.
CENTROPRISTES NIGRICANS, Cuy. et Val. The Black Sea Bass.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 24, pl. 1, f. 5. New-York bay. (2.) S.
F. Barb.
BoLEosoMA TESSELLATUM, Dekay. The Tessellated Darter.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 20, pl. xx, f. 57. Hackensack river, near
Piermont. (2.) 8S. F. Barrp.
BotEosoma FUsIFoRME, Girard.
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. V, 1854, pa. 41. Cedar swamp creek, Cape
May Co. (2.) S.F. Barn.
(New species, not noticed by Drxay.)
Pomotis vutearis, Cuv. et Val. The Common Pond-fish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa, 31, pl. li, f. 166. Sing-Sing, Croton
river (N. Y.). Fresh waters. (2.) 8S. F. Barro.
Pomorts vutearis, Cuv. et Val. The Common Pond-jish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 31, pl. li, f. 166. Fresh waters of the
State. (2.) §. F. Bairp.
Pomotis aprenpix, Dekay. The Black-eared Pond-fish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 32. Sing-Sing, Croton river (N. Y.)-
Fresh waters. (2.) §S. F. Barrp.

No. 112.] 23

CEnTRARCHUS PoMmoTis, Baird.

Ninth Rep. of Smiths. Inst. 1855, pa. 325. Cedar swamp creek, Cape
May Co. Fresh waters. (2.) S. F. Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in Drkay.)
Pomortis opesus, Girard.

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. V, 1854, pa. 40. Cedar swamp creek, Cape
May Co. §S.F. Barrp. Atlantic Co. Fresh waters. §. F. Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in Drxay.)
Pomotis opesus, Girard.

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. V, 1854, pa. 40. Hackensack river, near Pier-
mont, N. Y. (3.) S. F. Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in Dexay.)
PomoTis cH#ToDON, Baird.

Ninth Rep. of Smiths. Inst. 1855, pa. 324. Cedar swamp creek, Cape
May Co. Fresh waters. (2.) S. F. Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in DEKayY.)
APHREDODERUS sAYANUS, Dekay. The Spineless Perch.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 35, pl. xxi, f. 62. Cedar swamp creek,
Cape May Co. Freshwaters. (3.) S. F. Barrp.
SpHyR=NA BOREALIS, Dekay. The Northern Barracuta.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 39, pl. lx, f. 196. New-York bay. (3.)
S. #. Barrp.

FAMILY III. TRIGLIDA.

PRionoTus PILATUS, Storer.
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. II, pa. 77. New-York bay. S.F. Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in D=xay.)
PRIONOTUS PILATUS, Storer.

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. II, pa. 77. Greenport, L.I. Marine. S. F.
Bairp.
(New species, not noticed in Drxay.)
GAsSTEROSTEUS Quapracus, Mitch. The Four-spined Stickleback.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 67, pl. vi, f. 18. New-York bay. (5.)
S. F. Barrp.

FAMILY IV. SCIENIDA.

Leiostomus opziquus, Dekay. The Lafayette.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 69, pl. Ix, f. 195. New-York bay. (3.)
S. F. Barrp.
Orotiruus rEGALIS, Cuv. et Val. The Werk-fish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 71, pl. viii, f. 24. New-York bay. S.
F. Barrp.
CorvINA ARGYROLEUCA, Cuv. et. Val. The Silvery Perch.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 74, pl. xviii, f. 51. Long Island, N. Y.
C. C. BREVOoRT.

24 [Snare

Umsrina aLpurnus, Cuv. et Val. The King-fish.
Dekay’ s New-York Fauna, pa. 78, pl. vii, f. 20. New-York bay. rie
and adult.) §S. F. Barrp.
Pogontas Tascam. Cuv. et Val. The Banded Drum.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 81, pl. xiv, f. 40. Long Island, N. Y.
C. C. BREvoort.

FAMILY V. SPARIDAR.

Sarcus arenosus, Dekay. The Sand Porgee.
Dekay’ s New-York Fauna, p. 91, pl. xxii, f. 67. Long Tela No
(2.) C.C. Brevoort.
~Pacrus areyrops, Cuy. et. Val. The Big Porgee.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 95, pl. ix, f. 25. papas” i, Es" Seaes
Bairp.
Pacrus arayrops, Cuv. et Val. The Big Porgee,

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 95, pl. ix, f. 25. Long Island, N. Y. C.
_C. Brevoort.

FAMILY IX. SCOMBRIDAL.

Kucinostomus arGENTEvs, B. & G.
Ninth Rep. of Smiths. Inst. 1855, pa. 334. Ncygatiaele bay. (2.) S. F.
Barrp.
(New species, not noticed in ee
Scomper veERNALIS, Mitch. The Spring Mackerel.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 101, pl. xii, f. 34. Long Island, N. Y.
C.C. Brevoort.
PeLamys sarpa, Cuy. et. Val. The Sirzped Boneto.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 106, pl. ix, f. 27. Long Island, N. Y..
C.-C. Brevoort.
Licata carouina, Dekay. The Carolina Lichia.
areal s New-York Fauna, pa. 114, pl. x, f. 30. New-York bay. (4.)
S. F. Barrp.
*
Tracuinotus spinosus, Dekay. The Spinous Trachznote.
_ (Lichia s;inosa, Baird.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 117, pl. xix, f. 53. New-York bay. (2.)
S. F. Barrp.
Caranx DEFENSOR, Dekay. The Southern Caranz.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 120, pl. xxiv, f. 72. Brooklyn, L. I.
C. C. BRrvoort.
CaRaNx cHRysos, Cuy. et Val. The Yellow Mackerel.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 121, pl. xxvii, f. 85. Long Island, N
Y. C.C. Brevoort. New-York bay. C.C. BREVooRT.
\-aer Brownt, Cuy. et Val. The Blunt-nosed Shiner.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 127, pl. xxv, f. 78. Long Island, N. Y.
C. C. Brevoort.

No. 112.] | 25

Seriota zonaTa, Ouy. et Val. The Banded Seriole.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 128, pl. ix, f. 26. Long Island, N. Y.
C. C. BREVOORT.

Temnopon sattator, Cuv. et. Val. The Bluefish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 130, pl. xxvi, f. 81. New-York bay.
S. F. Bairp.
Temnopon sattator, Cuy. et Val. The Bluefish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 130, pl. xxvi, f. 81. Sing-Sing, Croton
river, N. Y. Brackish water. (2.) $.F.Bairp. Sing-Sing. (2.) S.
F. Batrp.

Ruomepus rriacantuus, Dekay. The Short-finned Harvest-fish.
(Peprilus triacanthus, Storer.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, p. 137, pl. xxvi, f. 80. New-York bay. (2.)
S. F. Barrp.
FAMILY XII. ATHERINIDA:.
ATHERINA NoTaTA, Mitch. The Dotted Silverside.
( diherinopsis notaius, Girard.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 141, pl. xxviii, f. 88. New-York bay.
(2.) 8S. F. Barrp.

ATHERINA NoTATA, Mitch. The Dotted Silverside.
(Atherinopsis notatus, Girard.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 141, pl. xxviii, f. 88. Sing-Sing, N. Y.
Croton river. Brackish water. S. F. Bairp.

FAMILY XIII. MUGILIDA.
Muein atsuua, Lin. The White Mullet.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 146. New-York bay. (2.) S.F. Barrp.

Mveit ausuta, Lin. The White Mullet.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 146. Long Island, N.Y. C.C. Brevoort.

FAMILY XIV. GOBIDA.

Gogius aLEepipotus, Bose. The Variegated Goby.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 160, pl. xxiii, f. 70. New-York bay.
S. F. Barrp.

FAMILY XV. LOPHIDA.

Batracuus variecatus, Lesu. The Variegated Toad-/fish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 171. Beestey’s Point, N. J. S.F. Barrp.
(Drxay describes this fish as #xtia-limi-al.)

FAMILY XVI. LABRIDA.

TavToGa AmERicaNA, Cuy. et Val. The New-York Tautog.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 175, pl. xiv, f. 39. Greenport, L. lL.
(2.) §.F. Barrp. New-York bay. S. F. Bairp.

26 [Sznare

ORDER II, ABDOMINAL.
FAMILY XVII. SILURID.

Norurvs FLavus, Rafin. Yellow Blacktail, Young Catfish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 187. Hackensack river. (2.) S. F. Barro.

FAMILY XVIII. CYPRINIDA.

Cyprinus auratus, Lin. The Gold Carp.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 190. Sing-Sing, Croton river. Fresh
waters. S. F. Barr.
Laseo eisposus, Dekay. The Gibbous Chubsucker.
(Catostomus gibbosus, Lesu.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 194, pl. xxxii, f. 101. Riverhead, L.
I. Fresh waters. §. F. Bairp.
STILBE CHRYSoLEUCAS, Dekay. The New-York Shiner.

(Leuciscus americanus, Storer.)
( Leucosomus americanus, Girard.)
(Luzilus chrysoleucas, Agassiz.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 204, pl. xxix, f. 91. Hackensack river,
near Piermont. §. F. Barro.
Leuciscus Hupsonius, Dekay. The Spawn-eater.
(Stolephorus hudsonius, Coz.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 206, pl. xxxiv, f. 109. Sing-Sing, Cro-
ton river. Brackish water. §S. F. Barrp.
Levciscos cornutus, Dekay. The Redfin.
( Hypsolepis commuhts Girard.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 207, pl. xxix, f. 92. Sing-Sing, Croton
river. (2.) S. F. Barrp.
Levuciscus? corporatis, Dekay. The Corporaalen.
(Chilonemus corporalis, B.& G. The Roach Dace.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 213. Sing-Sing, Croton river. Fresh
waters. §. F. Barrp.
Leuciscus rvemamus, Dekay. The Pigmy Dace.
(Melanura annulata, Agassiz.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 214, pl. xli, f. 134. Hackensack river,
near Piermont. §S. F. Bairp.

Levciscus pyemaus, Dekay. The Pigmy Dace.
; (Melanura annulata, Agassiz.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 214, pl. xlu, f. 134, Sparkill, near
Piermont. (3.) 8S. F. Barren.
Lezias ovinus, Dekay. The Sheepshead Lebias.
( Cyprinodon ovinus, Val.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 215, pl. xxvii, f. 84. Beesley’s Point.
(7.) §. F. Barro.

No. 112.]. 27

Cyprinopon Parvus, B. & G.

ae Rep. of Smiths. Inst. 1855, p. 345. Beesley’s Point, N. J. S.F.
AIRD.

(New species, not noticed in Dexay.)
Founpuuus Fasciatus, Dekay. The Striped Killifish.

(Hydrargyra flavula, Storer.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 216, pl. xxxi, f. 98. Greenport, L. I.
Marine. (4.) S. F. Barrp.

Funpvuuus rasciatus, Dekay. The Striped Killifish.
(Hydrargyra flavula, Storer.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 216, pl. xxxi, f. 98. Beesley’s Point,
N. J. (2.) S. F. Barrp.
Funputus zepra, Dekay. The Barred Killifish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 218. Beesley’s Point, N. J. (2.) S.F.
Baird.

Funputus zepra, Dekay. The Barred Killifish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 218. Greenport, L. I. Marine. (2.) S.
F. Barrp.
Hyprarecyra piapHana, Lesu. The Transparent Minnow.
(Fundulus diaphanus, Agassiz.)
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 219. Ludley’s Run. (4.) 8S. F. Barrp.

HyprarGyra muutirasciata, Lesu. The Barred Minnow.
(Fundulus mullifasciatus, Cuv. et Val.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 220. Riverhead, L. I. Fresh waters. (7.)
S. F. Barrp.

HyprarGyRaA MuULTIFAscIATA, Lesu. The Barred Minnow.
(Fundu'us multifasciatus, Cuv. et Val.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 220. Sing-Sing. Brackish water. (3.)
S. F. Barr.

FAMILY XIX. ESOCID A.

Esox reticutatus, Lesu. The Common Pickerel.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 223, pl. xxxiv, f. 107. Beesley’s Point,
N.J. S. F. Barrp.
Hsox rasciatus, Dekay. The Varied Pickerel.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 224, pl. xxxiv, f. 110. Beesley’s Point,
N. J.-S. F. Batrp.
Esox Fasciatus, Dekay. The Varied Pickerel.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 224, pl. xxxiv, f. 110. Near Piermont,
Hackensack river. (2.) S. F. Barro.

Betone truncata, Lesu. Banded Garfish, or Silver Gar.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 227, pl. xxxv, f. 112. New-York bay.
(2.) 8S. F. Barrp.

Bde tke oh Raa Eos)
7 * J

28 | SenaTE

FAMILY XXII. CLUPIDA.
CiupEa vittata, Mitch. The Satin-str?ped Herring.
(Engraulis vittatus, B. & G.) F
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 254. New-York bay. be S. F. Barro.
Atosa Tyrannus, Dekay. The American Alewive.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 258, pl. xiii, f. 38. Sing-Sing, Croton
river. Brackish waters. (2.) S. F. Barrp.

ALosA MENHADEN, Storer. The Mossbonker.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 259, pl. xxi, f. 60. New-York bay. 2
young, and 2 adults. §. F. Bairp.
Auosa mattowacca, Dekay. Autumnal Herring.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 260, pl. xl, f. 127. New-York bay. S.
F. Barrp.

Auosa TERES, Dekay. The Slender Herring.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 262, pl. xl, f. 128. New-York bay. (2.)
S. F. Barrp.
Cuata@ssus sigNiFER, Dekay. The Spotted Thread-herring.
mee s New-York Fauna, pa. 264, pl. xhi, f. 132. New-York ee
S. F. Barrp.
Cuata@ssus stcnirer, Dekay. The Spotted Thread-herring.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 264, pl. xli, f. 132. Long Island, N. Y.
C. C. BREvoort.

Hops saurus, Lin. The Saury.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 267, pl. xli, f. 131. faa Island. C.
C. Brevoort.

FAMILY XXV. PLANIDA.

PLATESSA PLANA, Storer. The New-York Flatfish.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 295, pl. xlvili, f. 154, and pl. xlix,
f. 158. New-York bay. S. F. Barrp. :
PLaTESsA OCELLARIS, Dekay. The Long-toothed Flounder.
Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 300, pl. xlvii, f. 152. New-York bay.
(2.) S. F. Barrp.
PLEURONECTES mMacuLATUS, Mitch. The Spotted Turbot.
(Rhombus macula'us, Girard.)

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 301, pl. xlvii, f. 151. New-York bay.
S. F. Barrp.

Acuirus mous, Cuv. The New-York Sole.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 303, pl. xlix, f. 159. New-York bay.
S. F. Barrp.

ORDER IV. APODAL.
FAMILY XXVIII. ANGUILLIDA.

ANGUILLA TENUIRosTRIS, Dekay. The Common New-York Eel.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 310, pl. liii, f£ 173. New-York bay
S. F. Barrp.

No. 112.] 29

ORDER V. LOPHOBRANCHII.
FAMILY XXIX. SYNGNATHIDA.

SYNGNATHUS VIRIDESCENS, Dekay. The Green Pipe-fish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 321, pl. liv, f. 176. New-York bay.

(3.) S. F. Bairp.

ORDER VI. PLECTOGNATHI.
FAMILY XXX. GYMNODONTIDA.

TETRAODON TuRGIDUS, Storer. The Common Puffer.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 327, pl. lv, f. 178. New-York bay. S.

F. Barrp.

SUB-CLASS II. CARTILAGINOUS FISHES.
ORDER II. PLAGIOSTOMI.
FAMILY II. SQUALID.

MosteEtus canis, Dekay. The Dog-fish.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 355, pl. xiv, f. 209. New-York bay.

(2.) S. F. Barrp.
FAMILY Il. RAUDA.

Pastinaca HASTATA, Dekay. The Whip Sting-ray.

Dekay’s New-York Fauna, pa. 373, pl. Ixv, f. 214. New-York bay.

S. F. Batrp.

30 | Senate

CATALOGUE

Of the Fishes inhabiting the State of New-York (discovered since the
publication of Dekay’s Zoology).

CONTINUED FROM LAST YEAR’S REPORT,

356 BotktosomMa FusIFORME, Girard. Cabinet.
Cedar swamp creek, Cape May Co. S. F. Barrp.
307 CenTRarcHus pomotis, Baird. Cabinet.
_ Cedar swamp creek, Cape May Co. Fresh waters. 8. F. Barro.
398 Pomoris oBxEsus, Girard. Cabinet.

Cedar swamp creek, Cape May Co.; and Atlantic Co. Fresh waters.
S. F. Barrp. Hackensack river, near Piermont, N.Y. S. F. Barrp.

359 Pomotis cHatopoN, Baird. Cabinet.
Cedar Swamp creek, Cape May Oo. Fresh waters. §S. F. Barro.

360 PRIoNOTUS PILATUS, Storer. Cabinet.
New-York bay. S. F.Barrp. Greenport, L. 1. Marine. S. F. Bairp.

361 Evucinostomus arcenTevs, B. & G. Cabinet.
New-York bay. 8S. F. Barrp.

362 Cyprinopon parvus, B. & G. Cabinet.

Beesley’s Point, N. J. 8S. F. Barrp.

CONCHOLOGY.

The following is a copy of the communication of Professor
Cuester Dewey, of Rochester, accompanying his donation of
fresh-water shells, furnished to the State Cabinet.

“To JOHN GEBHARD JUNIOR,
Curator of the State Cabinet of Natural History.

I direct to your hand, the shells collected chiefly in this section of the
State, for the State Cabinet. They belong to the family Naiades, usually
called clams or mussels, and are named according to the synopsis of Isaac
Lea, Esq. Not all those described in the State Natural History, by Dr.
Dexkay, have yet been found here; but some others, not before credited
to the State, by any writer that I have seen, are put into the collection.

I have sent twelve species of Unio from this section, and have added
seventeen species, chiefly from Ohio; three species of Margaritana of
Schumacher, usually called Alasmodonta ; and eleven species of Anodonta.

Alasmodonta arcuata, Barnes, has not occured to me in this part of
the State.

While most of the species are abundant, some inhabit deep water, and
are difficult of access. Two species, Undo alatus, and Unio complanatus,
are in vast numbers between the lake (Ontario) and the first falls of the
Genesee river, for the distance of four miles or more. I have brought up
by a rake fourteen inches by four, from three to fourteen specimens. The
bottom of the river, ten or fifteen rods broad, seems full of them. Indeed,
a man who has often dived and examined the bottom of the Genesee in
various places on the level of the lake, asserts that the bottom is literally
eovered with these shells. If they are as numerous in the whole breadth
as I have found them in many places for a mile or two, there must be
many thousands of bushels. Unio luteolus, is also abundant. To those,
who have made more explorations, this mass of fresh-water clams may
not be surprising; but it far surpassed all my anticipations. As these
species have thick and strong shells, the muskrats, which devour clams,

se “ae
j pes

32 | [Senate

may find it difficult to break them open, and for this reason fewer may be
destroyed. Certain it is, that the fragments’ of the thinner and more fragile
shells are far more abundant along the shores of the river.

Besides the species specially noticed, Dr. SARTWELL “has also sent in
this collection many specimens of the other species, in order to increase
the varieties, or add to the localities of them in the cabinet of the State. |

The mistakes of LINN#uvs in making the upper part of a shell the
lower, and the anterior part, the posterior, has been for some years cor-
rected. It is well known that the base or lewer part of bivalves, which
have locomotion, as all the naiades, is the opening or orifice on the side
opposite to the hinge, and that the common and natural position of the
shell is with the hinge uppermost; but, for a certain period in summer,
many species are often found in pairs near each other, with the hinge side
below and inclined to the horizon, and the posterior third or fourth of it
standing in the mud, while the animal projects its body in part out of the
shell and upwards. The animal holds this position so long that the mud
becomes strongly coherent to the hinder part of the shell, so as to be
washed off with difficulty.”

Your obedient,

Rocuzsrer, Dec. 1855. C. DEWEY.

The following catalogue of the specimens was prepared by the
donor, Professor C. Dewry, of Rochester.

LIST OF NATADES (CLAMS),

FOUND IN WESTERN NEW-YORK, AND SENT TO THE STATE COLLECTION
AT ALBANY, WITH SOME CHIEFLY FROM OHIO.

UNIO, Brua.; or rather PHILIPSSON.
The name signifies a pearl, as pearls are in some species.

1 Unio status, Say. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 199.

U. id Lamarck. U. axatus, Lea.

U. id Barnes. U. id Adams.
LO id Hildreth. U. id Dekay.
1 Si id Conrad.

Mya auata, . Wood.

T send six varieties, male and female; one e large male.
Genesee river, on the level of Lake Ontario; nacre purple,

slg

red, or
reddish yellow, splendid. The largest found here, ule ae, height J
five inches, and breadth seven. Also i in the # ie canal, and the east-

ern part of the State. .

ae
eee

No. 112.] 33

2 Unio RADIATUS, Lam. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 189,

pl. 18, f. 236.
iW; id Barnes. U. virginiana, Lea.
w: id Gould. U. id Dekay.

U. virerniana, Lamarck.
Mya rapiata, Gmel. Wood.

One specimen from Genesee river; one from Crooked lake; and one from
the Potomac, near Mt. Vernon, where the shore abounds with this
species.

3 Unio novi-eporact, Lea. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa.
194, pl. 20, f. 240.

Several varieties; some well marked, but others approaching the U.

iris; plenty in Genesee river above the rapids at Rochester.

4 Unio 1r1s, Lea.

Six varieties well marked; and six approaching the U. novi-eboraci,
with which it is found. Mr. Lza has said that the two may prove, on
full examination, to be only one species.

5 Unto rusicinosus, Lea. (Not described by Dekay.)
U. FLAvus, Conrad.

% Four varieties found in the Erie canal at Rochester, and not before
credited to this State. It is found in Ohio, and has probably found
its way from Lake Hrie along the canal; for some animals have passed
from Lake Erie, to the Mohawk and Hudson. The nacre is white,
reddish, or yellow; but the body of the clam is a fine yellow, an un-
common color here. |

6 Unio cracis, Barnes. (Not described by Dekay.)
U. id)" * Led.

Ce id Hildreth.
Us: id Adams.
U. PLanus, Barnes.
U. Fracitis, Swainson.

Two varieties, from Genesee river, on the level of Lake Ontario; not
before credited to the State. The shell is often delicate, four inches in
breadth and three in height; and the younger shells very fragile : shell
much stronger in Ohio.

7 Unto tuteoutus, Lam. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, oP 190,

pl. 20, f. 241.
U. sILIQUOIDENS, Barnes; podlike, and male.
U. id * Conrad. Bang és ‘
1 ee id Adams.
U. wriatus, — Barnés. Well named, and female.
[Senate No. 112.] aes

* . ™
’ ‘

34 [SENATE

Many varieties, I send, differing in form and color, and radiations; one
nearly black. The variety of names is obvious. Abounds in the Gene-
see, especially above the falls at Rochester; the longest being six inches
by three.

8 Unio pressus, Lea.

U. compressus. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 191, pl. 21,
f. 245.

U. id Conrad. Adams.

Mr. Conrab’s name had already been applid to a fossil Unio, and hence
the new specific name by Mr. Lea. From the Genesee river; the Hrie
canal; and one from Ohio.

9 Unto compitanatus, Lea. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 188,
. pl. 22, f. 246. ,

We id Gould. Adams.

U. PuURPUREUS, Say. Barnes. Conrad.
Mya compianata, Solander.

Mya RicIpDA, Wood.

As this species is quite variable, I send a dozen or more varieties,
younger and older, longer and shorter, &c. The nacre varies from white
to light purple, deep reddish purple, and fine orange or reddish yellow.

I give the height and the length and breadth of several from different
localities, in inches.
From the Genesee river; some shade of purple.

3.75 & 2.25; 4.25 & 2.25; 4.50 & 2.33; 4.33 & 2.25; 2.40 & 1.33; 1.10 &
0.50; 3.75 & 2.40.

From below the falls; white. 3.35 & 2.10. Purple. 4.25 & 2.25.

From the Genesee river, both above and below the falls; fine yellow.
4.20 & 2.50.

From the Hrie canal. 3.70 & 2.25.

From the Delaware river. 4.10 & 2.20; 3.10 & 2.20.

From New-Jersey. 4.00 & 2.30.

This species has a strong shell.

The variety in the form has originated many names or species.

Teas stated by our conchologists, that Lamarck made six or eight

species from these varieties.

a Unio purPURASCENS, Lam. Stated by him to be from the rivers of
this State. Corresponds to the promi-
nent form.

No. 112.] 35

6 Unio RHOMBULA, Lam. Is credited by him to the Hudson river ;
from which I have one measuring 3.37
& 1.87.

¢ Unio GEoRGINA, Lam. From Lake George.

d UNio caRiniFERA, Lam. From the Hudson river.

e UNIo coarctTaTa, Lam. From the Hudson river, and much like
U. carinifera.

f Unio rarisutcata, ,Lam. .Frqm Lake Champlain.

g Unio suLcivens, Lam. From Connecticut river; and one from
the Schuylkill, measuring 2.13 & 1.33.
h UNIo GLABRATA, Lam. Credited by Lamarck to the Ohio river;

much resembles U. gibbosus, Barnes,
as it was called three years after the
other had been named.

From the River Potomac, one measures 3.30 & 1.60.

From South-Carolina, two measuring 2.25 & 1.25; 3.25 & 1.80.
From Delaware river, two measuring 3.27 & 1.75; 3.10 & 2.20.
From the Schuylkill (yellowish inside), one measures 2.13 & 1.13.

I have a shell from Ohio, said to be of this species, which is a monster,
and measures 8.25 & 4.35 inches,

10 Unio cariosus, Say. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 193,
pl. 21, f. 243 and 244 (variety).

W: id Lan. U. cariosus, Gould.
Uz id Barnes. U. id Lea.

‘A single specimen from the creek at Buffalo, furnished by Dr. SARTWELL,
of Penn-Yan. Not common here, but wide spread over the State.

11 Unio rectus, Lam. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 195.
U. id Adams. Lea.
Unio pratoncus, Barnes. Hildreth.
Mya pramitonea, Wood.

A single specimen from the creek at Buffalo, and furnished by Dr. Sarr-
WELL. It is called an Ohio shell.

12 Unio rosacevs, Dekay. New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 192, pl. 29,
f. 355 (adult), 356 (young); pl. 40, f. 357
(sexual variety ).

The four varieties, found in Seneca lake, were contributed by Dr. Sarr-
WELL. This lake seems to be the only locality; for this species is not
to be confounded with the pink variety of U. luteolus, Lam., which is
noticed in the synopsis of Mr. Lua, under this species.

36 [Senate

The following species, chiefly from Ohio, are forwarded for the
State Collection.

Unio nasutus, Say. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 191, pl. 20,
f. 239.

U. id Barnes. Gould. Lea.

Potomac river, near Mt Vernon. os
7
Unto e1psosus, Barnes. Two varieties.

(CU. nasuta, Lam.)

Grand river, below Grand rapids, Mich.

Unto pusrutosus, Lea. Two varieties. Muskingum river.
Unto rouratus, Hild. Lea. Two varieties. Muskingum river.

Unio cornutus, Barnes. Lea. One variety. Muskingum river.

Unio venrricosus, Barnes. Lea. Two males and female. Musk-
ingum river.

Unio pErpiexus, Lea. Two varieties. Ohio.
Unio retusus, Lam. Two varieties. Ohio.

CU. torsus, Rafinesque.)
Unio tacurymosus, Lea. One young specimen. Ohio.
Unto circutus, Lea. Two varieties. Ohio.
Unio suprotunpus, Lea. Three varieties. Ohio.
Unio TRIANGULARIS, Barnes. Lea. One spec. Ohio.
Unio muttirapiatus, Lea. One spec. Ohio.
Unio securus, Lea. One spec. Ohio.
Unio mitaneurus, Raf. One spec. Ohio.
Unio cyiinpricus, Say. Lea. One spec. Ohio.
Unto exuipticus, Lea. One spec. Ohio.

MARGARITANA, Scuumacnuer. 1817.

The name relates to a pearl, as one species, at least, yields pearls.

1 Marcarirana rucosa, Lea. Two varieties. Genesee river; Hrie
canal also.

ALAsMODON RUGOSA. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 196, pl. 14,
f. 226.

ALASMoDONTA RUGOSA, Barnes, 1818. Hild. Adams.

2 Marearirana mMARGINATA, Lea. One specimen. Ohio.

ALASMODON MARGINATA. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 196,
pl. 14, f. 225.

ALASMODON TRUNCATA, Say.

No. 112.] 37

3 Marearirana unDuLATA, Lea.
ALASMODON uNnDULATA. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 198,
pl. 15, £. 297.
Say. A. unpuLata, Gould.

Barnes. A. id Adams.

A. id
A. id

One variety, Seneca lake; and one from Crooked lake, sent by Dr. Sart-
WELL.

ANODONTA, Broa.

1 AnopontTa GIGANTEA, Lea.
A. GRANDIS? Raf.

This specimen is from Seneca lake, and sent by Dr. Sartwe.u. A large
species.

2 Anodonta pavonta, Lea.

ANODON PAVONIA. ae s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 203, pl. 11,
f. 358. ( Well described and figured. )

From Crooked lake, and sent by Dr. SARTWELL.

38 ANopDonTA FooTIANA, Lea. Not before credited to the State.

Two varieties from Genesee river.

4 Awnoponta Ltewisi, Lea.

ANODON FLUVIATILIS. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 203, pl.
18, f. 234.

ANODONTA FLUVIATILIS, Gould. Adams.
A. caTaracta, Say. Lamarck.

Three varieties from Genesee river. Taken the 17th Dec., from the
canal; the outer gill was swollen with eggs.

5 Anoponta FRaAGitis, Lam. Lea.

Two varieties from Cayuga lake, where it abounds.

§ ANODONTA FERUSSACIANA, Lea.

ANODON FERUSSACIANA. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 200, pl.
15, f. 230.

One variety from Genesee river. Eggs abundant in the ovaries on the
17th Dec., when taken from the canal.

38 [SEnaTE

7 ANODONTA sUBCYLINDRIcA, Lea. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part
V, pa. 200, pl. 16, f. 229.
One variety from Genesee river.

8 Anoponra EDENTULA, Lea. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa.
201, pl. 16, f. 231.

A. AREOLATUS, Swainson.

Two varieties from Genesee river.

9 ANODONTA UNDULATA, Say.
ALASMODON UNDULATA. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V, pa. 198, pl.

153 fs 227.
A. id Gould. ea. Adams.
A. PENNSYLVANICA. Lam.

The specimen is from Genesee river.

10 Anoponta cyztinpRica? Lea.
From the creek at Buffalo.
11. ANoponta BENEDICTENSIS, Lea. Dekay’s New-York Fauna, Part V,
pa. 204, pl. 18, f. 235.

In Genesee river; and Lake Ontario, near the mouth of the river.

12 Anoponta impecitis, Say. Not described by Dekay.

Erie canal at Rochester; a very delicate shell, two inches or more in
length.

APPENDIX.

B,

LS

MINERALS,

CEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS, AND FOSSILS,
STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,

JANUARY 1, 1855, TO JANUARY 1, 1856,

AAT

j

MINERALS.

From ALEXANDER FITCH, of Carlisle, Schoharie county.
A large and beautiful specimen of Lamettar SunpHate or Baryres
(Coxcomb spar of Comstock), from Cheshire, Connecticut.
From GEORGE PARK, Esq., of Binghamton, N. Y.

A fine specimen of Cinnapar (Sulphuret of mercury), from the Guada-
loupe mine, near San Francisco, California.

From JACOB GROAT, of Watervliet.

Specimens of Mart, from the farm of the late Frienp Humpurey, situated
along the Shaker road, two miles from the city of Albany.

Specimens of Prat, frem the farm of the late Frienp Humpurey, situated
along the Shaker road, two miles from the city of Albany.
From J. D. DARLING, of Watervliet.

Specimens of Sutpuuret oF Iron, crystallized in cubes.
From JOHN BALL, of Kent county, Michigan.

Two specimens of Gypsum, from the Grand rapids, Michigan.

From A. D. CHESEBRO, of Guilderland, Albany county.

A Sratactite, from a cave in the town of Guilderland.

From B. P. JOHNSON, Secretary of the State Agricultural Society.

A specimen of Voucanic Sunpxur (partially encrusted with lava), weigh-
ing one hundred pounds; from the sulphur mines of Ubala, New-
Grenada, S. A. ;
This beautiful specimen was sent by E. J. Townsenp, Esq., of
New-York, to the Museum of the State Agricultural Society; the
directors of which, through their secretary, have kindly placed it in
the State Cabinet.

42 [SznatTz
The following is a copy of the paper accompanying the specimen.

‘‘SULPHUR MINES OF UBALA, NEW-GRENADA.

Towards the northeast of Bogota (capital of New-Grenada), is to be
found a small village, called Ubala, through which passes the high road
that crosses from Bogota to the plains (Llanos) of San Martine; and taking

into account the time expended by this route, the said village is about half

way, for it takes three days thence to the port of Cabuyaro, and the same
time to Bogota. Cabuyaro disembogues a few leagues from the port, on
the river Meta (a tributary of Amazon).

The sulphur mine is situated near the village; and throughout an extent
of five leagues, sulphur of the same quality has been discovered; and it
is probable that a considerable part of the Cordillera, situated thereat,
may yield the same product.

The method by which sulphur is procured is very simple. A layer of
rich vegetable earth is taken off, under which is found a black gravelly
soil, easily removed. This facility, in fact, occasions constant staving in
of the earth. At the depth of 6 feet, pyrites (piratas) begin to show them-
selves; and at that of 12 to 15 feet are found stripes of sulphur, between
thin rocks, which are easily extracted by the laborers. The width of said
veins varies from a few inches up to three feet. The sulphur found therein
presents different aspects : there are pieces of more than 400 pounds, se
pure, so transparent, that not a single particle of extraneous matter is to
be found therein. Other pieces are encrusted with particles of rock or
lava, such as the sample sent, and then they present greater solidity for
transportation. At other times, it is found in roundish pieces, weighing
some ounces or pounds. Notwithstanding the bad system adopted in ex-
ploring the same, there have been weeks wherein six men, with only spades,
hoes and crowbars, have taken out 2,500 pounds of sulphur.

The mines are surrounded with thick forests, which yield splendid tim-
ber, abundant pasturage, mines of limestone and coal.

Sioned, Y. ANTOMBESA.”

From JOHN GEBHARD sunior, of Albany.

A specimen of Catcarzous Spar, from Ball’s cave in the town of
Schoharie.

A specimen of Finrous Limestone (arragonite), from Ball’s cave in the
town of Schoharie.

A specimen of Satin Spar, from Ball’s cave in the town of Schoharie.

;
‘i

No. 112.] 43
From HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOR CLARK.

Two specimens of Iron Ore, from the ore beds at Clinton Prison;
obtained at the depth of one hundred feet beneath the surface.

From JAMES RAY, of West-Troy.

A specimen of Coxe made from the semi-bituminous coal of the Mary-
land Coal Measures.

The structure of the grain, and angle of a knot (branch) would
render it probable that it is of the coniferous trees of the carboni-
ferous era.

The annular rings, which show the same rate of growth of the
pitch pine of Maryland of the present day, would indicate a climate
much the same as now.

From Dr. J. R. ROMEYN, of Keeseville, Essex Co., N. Y.

Tron Ore (three specimens), from the Arnold bed, town of Ausable,
Clinton county.

Tron Ors, from the Arnold bed (blue vein), town of Ausable, Clinton
county, N. Y., six miles from Keeseville.

Tron One, from the Averill ore bed, at Clinton prison, Dannamora, Clin-
ton county, N. Y.

Tron Ors, containing quartz crystals and calcareous spar, from the
Averill ore bed, at Clinton prison, Dannamora, Clinton county, N. Y.

From JOHN GEBHARD suntor, of Albany.

A box containing twenty-five specimens, collected from the mouth of an
extinct crater in the town of Volcano, Calaveras county, California.

The following is a copy of the letter to the donor, which accompanied
the specimens.

Voucano, September 30, 1855.
J. GEBHARD svuntor, Esq.

Dear Sir—In partial return for the gentlemanly courtesy I have ever
experienced on my visits to the Geological Rooms of the State of New-
York, while under your supervision; and as a mark of private esteem,
allow me to present you the enclosed specimens, collected from the mouth
of an extinct crater in this place.

44 [Szenarz ©

The town of Volcano, where these specimens were collected, is rich in
caves, presenting the most singular formations I have ever witnessed; and.
which will at some future day divide the interest now felt in the gigantic
trees and stupendous waterfalls, whose grandeur marks them as wonders of
the world.

Owing to the want of time, I have been prevented from pursuing my
exploration as much as I could wish; but should the opportunity occur .
at any future time, I will give you the result of my discoveries. I hope
that the accompanying specimens will prove interesting to you.

Yours truly,
J. H. WARWICK.

From Professor C. DEWEY, of Rochester.

A mass of artificial glomeration, or suberystallization, formed in the retorts :
in making illuminating gas.

" No.'112.] 45

GEOLOGICAL, INCLUDING FOSSILS.

DONATIONS.

From the Hon. MOSES EAMES, of Rutland, Jefferson county, N. Y.

HINDOVERAS PROTEIFORME, Hall. Paleontology of New-York, Vol. I,
pa. 216, pl. 57, f. 1.

This specimen is from the Trenton limestone, and was obtained
in the town of Cape Vincent, Jefferson county, N. Y. The frag-
ment is two feet long; and seven inches in diameter at the
greater, and four and a half inches in diameter at the lesser end.
The siphuncle, which is well defined at the lesser end of the
specimen, is sub-marginal, and two and one fourth inches in
diameter. . |

The surface of the fossil is covered with impressions of crusta-
cea, bivalve shells, corallines, &c., characteristic of the Trenton
limestone. Among them, the most important and interesting is
the matrix of a trilobite belonging to the genus Acidaspis of
Murchison (Odontopleura of Emmrich); it is three-fourths of an
inch in length, and distinctly exhibits the fimbrie, on the outer
margin of the maxille; the elongated spines at the posterior
angles of the cephalic shield; the short spines at the sides of
the body, produced by an elongation of the lateral articulations;
and the spinous margin of the caudal shield.

Professor Joun Locks, in the American Journal of Science (Vol.
44, pa. 346, and also in vol. 45, pa. 223), describes a new trilo-
bite, obtained in the rock formation near Cincinnati (which is
equivalent to the Trenton limestone of New-York), as the
Ceraurus crosotus; and with which I consider our specimen
identical.

me a,

46 [Senate °

An examination of Professor Locxr’s description and drawings
will at once determine that his trilobite is not a ceraurus, but
must either be placed in the genus Acidaspis of Murchison, or
Odontopleura of Emmrich; both of which may be regarded as
synonyms, as the characteristics of either genus will cover the
specimen.

The question then occurs, Shall the genus of Murchison or
Emmrich be adopted? M. Barranpe has proved that Murchi-
son’s name has priority in regard to time; this fact decides the
question in favor of Murchison. I also prefer the name of Mur-
chison, for the following additional reasons:

1st. Professor TimotHy A. Conran, the Paleontologist to the
New-York survey, was the first American author who adopted
Murchison’s genus; and in his annual report on the paleon-
tology for the year 1839 (third report, pa. 204), describes a true
Acidaspis (Acidaspis tuberculatus) as occuring in the Delthyris
Shaly limestone; which is the first. notice of the oceurrence of
Murehison’s genus on the western continent.

2d. Professor James Haut, the present State Paleuntologist,
adopts Murchison’s genus; and in volume 1 of the New-York
Paleontology, pa. 240, describes a trilobite as the Acidaspis
trentonensis, from the rock formation at the Bay of Quinte on
Lake Ontario, which, from its associated fossils, he considers
equivalent to the Trenton limestone.

3d. Professor Suumarp, the Paleontologist of Missouri, also
adopts Murchison’s generic name; and in the second annual —
report of the geological survey of Missouri (1854), part 2,pa. —
200, describes a new species, Acidaspis halli (in honor of Pro-
fessor Haux), from the Cape Girardeau limestone, which the —
geologists of Missouri consider as belonging to Murchison’s
Upper Silurian system, and to the lower Helderberg group of —
the New-York geologists. !

Adopting the genus of Murchison, I therefore propose for —
Professor Locxe’s specimen the name of Actdaspis crosotus,
Locke; retaining Professor Locxe’s specific name of crosotus
(from the Greek word signifying fringed), as descriptive of the
fossil, and in accordance with the established rules of seientific
nomenclature. G.

NCO snails

No. 112.] Aq

In accordance with the preccding view of the subject, our fossil is
catalogued,
Acipaspis crosotus, Locke. The Fringed Acidaspis.

From the Trenton limestone, in the town of Cape Vincent, Jefferson
county, N. Y.

From Professor CHESTER DEWEY, of Rochester, N. Y.

A new fossil (Fucoip?) undescribed. From the Medina Sandstone.

From DARIUS WHEELER, of Albany.

Siziciriep Woop, from Eldorado county, California. Mr. Wheeler asserts
that this fragment was broken from a silicified tree eighteen inches in
diameter, and twenty-five feet in length, lying on the side of a hill 250
feet high, and about one-third of the distance from the base upwards.

From the Hon. J AMES S. CAMPBELL, of Cherry-Valley, Otsego
county, N. Y.

Four specimens of Giazep State, from the Marcellus shale; obtained
from the farm of the Hon. James S. Campbell, of Cherry-valley, Otsego
_ county. These specimens, at the request of the donor, are placed in the

case containing the minerals, &c. of Otsego county.

From the Hon. SILAS M. BURROUGHS, of Medina, Orleans co., N. Y.

A slab of Mepina Sanpstone, covered with the Arthrophycus harlani,
(fossil plant), of Hatt. Paleontology of N. Y., Vol. II, pa. 5, pl. 1,
£15 pl. 25, la, 1b, le: j

From IRA SAYLES, Principal of the Rushford Academy, at Rushford,
acmag Allegany county, N. Y.
A box of Geological Specimens, taken mostly from the drift formation, in
the vicinity of Rushford, Allegany county, N. Y.

The following extract is taken from a letter accompanying the
specimens, directed to Dr. T. Romeyn Beck; dated at Rushford,

August 15, 1855:

Dear Sirn— This morning I send to your address a box of geological
specimens, taken mostly from our drift : there are some, however, from
the rock in place. I have not seught out glaring specimens; for I deem
them of no more account, geologically, than those of a humbler sort.

Cage ey

48 [Senate

We have some quite large boulders, but they are not very abundant. I
saw some yesterday which would undoubtedly weigh twenty tons. All
these larger ones are Felspathic Granite, with large crystals of felspar in
a matrix of massive quartz, with very little mica.

Of the specimens I send you, there is one of a peculiar kind, evidently
with an organic nucleus : one is from a mineral spring in our neighbor-
hood; and one is from a swamp, the earthy oxide of manganese, generally
known under the name of wad.

I have not sent many besides these, from the rock in place. At some
other time, I may send one wholly made up from this. We have some
scattering fragments of the old red sandstone on the tops of our hills. In
the eastern towns of this county, it is sufficient to form quarries on the
hill tops.

Very respectfully,
TRA SAYLES.

BY PURCHASE.

A large slab of Mepina Sanpstone, covered with fragments of branches
of a fossil plant; Arthrephycus harlani of Hatu. See Paleontology of
New-York, Vol. II, pa. 5, pl. 1, ff. 1; pl. 2, f. la, 1b, Ic.

Tootn oF a Fossiz Hueppant. The locality from which it was obtained,
is not known.

APPENDIX.

G.

ADD TrOnNns

£0 THE

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION,

STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY,
FROM

JANUARY 1, 1855, TO JANUARY 1, 1856.

[Senate, No. 112.] 4

Sf ed aks a i >
eT a Re Te

HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION.

DGNATIONS.

FROM THEODORE S. STICKLER, OF PORT SCHUYLER, ALBANY
COUNTY, N. Y.
A mass of Guass Beaps,-cemented together by heat. Taken from the
rains of the great fire in the city of New-York, which occurred on the
&fteenth day ef Becember, 1835.

FROM A. D. CLARK, ESQ., GF TICOGNDEROGA, BY J. COLLINS
WiCKS.

AN Inen Axe, found about two feet below the surface on the inside of the
intrenchment upon ‘‘ Mount Hope,’ Ticonderoga. This intrenshment
constituted the eutwerk ef Fort Ticonderoga.

FROM WINSLOW BATES, GF CALDWELL, WARREN CG., N.Y.
A Spape dug up near the Fort “ William Henry” grounds, with the
indentation of a bullet on the same.

FROM AARON WEDEMAN, GF BETHLEHEM, ALBANY CO.

Aw Inpian Re ic, found in the town of Bethlehem, Albany county, N:
Y. This beautiful relic is composed of a compact variety of green slate.
it is made in the form of a hatchet with two edges, with a hole in the
center for the insertion of a handle; length four inches, width one and
a half inches. Relics of similar form have been generally called stone ©
hatchets. Squizr and Davis, in their work on the Ancient Monuments of
the Mississippi valley ( Vol. one of the Smithsonian Contributions to
Knowledge ), in speaking of similar relics, justly remark, ‘‘It is clear,
nevertheless, both from their form and material, that they were not
designed for use. They may be regarded as having been intended for
ornament or display.”

?

52 [Seware

FROM JOHN E. STEARNS, OF CASTLETON, RENSSELAER CO.

A Biii of the continental currency for sixty dollars, issued ‘‘ according
to a resolution of Congress of the 14th January, 1779.’’

FROM PROFESSOR DAVID DALE OWEN.
A plaster cast of the impressions of Two Human Foot-pzints, taken

from the rocks on the banks of the Mississippi, at the city of St. Louis.

This cast was received from Professor Owen several years
since; but from inadvertence, the donation has not been hereto-
fore acknowledged.

The annexed wocdeut (reduced in size from Professor OwEn’s.
drawing), will give a correct idea of the appearance of these
foot-prints.

The deep interest manifested by the public, when the dis-
covery was first announced; the conflicting views of various
authors as to the true cause of their origin; and the doubt that
still exists in many minds, have induced us to make the follow-
ing extracts from an able paper (“‘ Regarding Human Foot-prints
in solid limestone”), which originally appeared in Silliman’s

No. 112.] 53

Journal, from the pen of Professor Davip Date Owen ( the donor
of the specimen ). The great length of the article precludes our
copying of it entire.

«The occurrence of representations of human feet in solid rock, has
lately excited considerable attention, both in this country and in Europe.
The intimate connection of the subject with those great problems, the age
of our race, and the gradual peopling of our globe with animated beings,
invests it with additional interest, in the eyes not only of the scientific
explorer, but of the general reader also.

“Mr. ScHooLcRAFT, in the year 1822, first called attention, through
the columns of Silliman’s Journal, to these impressions; the German Pro-
fessor LEONHARD, of Heidelberg, discusses the matter in his popular
_ lectures, now in the course of republication in this country, by Professor
F. Hatt; Dr. Manre ct, in his ‘ Wonders of Geology,” also speaking
of the same foot-prints, says that he has requested Professor SILLIMAN 30
ascertain the nature and age of the rock in which they appear; and a cor-
respondent, in a recent number of this (Silliman’s) journal, calls for
information on the same subject.

‘« These various observations and enquiries, and all others of a similar
character which have met my eye, expressly refer to a single specimen ;
the only ene, it would seem, hitherto discovered; namely, a slab of lime-
stone originally found on the western bank of the Mississippi river at St.
Louis, quarried for Mr. FrepERIcK Rapp in the year 1819, and by him
removed to the German settlement of Harmony in Indiana, where it
became a frequent object of visit and examination among curious travelers.
There SCHCGOLCRAF® saw and described it; his article, above referred to
{and from which MANTELL tells us he derives his information), com-
mences thus :

“<¢T send youa drawing of two curious prints of the human foot in lime-
stone rock, observed by me last summer at Harmony, on the Wabash;
together with a letter of Col. BENTON on the same subject. The slab
containing these impressions was originally quarried on the west bank of
the Mississippi river at St. Louis, and belongs to the older fleetz range of
limestone, which pervades that country to a very great extent.’ Lzon-
HARD, as a note by his editor reminds us, refers, also, as his sole authority,
to the article here quoted, and of course to the specimen in question.
That specimen is now in my possession; and inasmuch as it has attracted
the observation even of foreign geologists, and has given rise to not a little
discussion and contrariety of opinion among scientific men, I feel called on
to contribute what information I possess relative to its history and de-

54 [Szware

seription; more especially as I have recently obtained evidence sufficiently
conclusive touching its precise geological character.

‘<The best information I can furnish in regard to the exact spot of its
original location, and the circumstances by which it came into the posses-
sion of Mr. Rapp, is to be found in the subjoined extract from a letter
written by the gentleman under whose inspection it was quarried, then a
resident of St. Louis, but now of Cincinnati, Mr. Paun ANDERSON.
This letter is dated October 11, 1841, and is a reply to one which [
addressed, in the course of last autumn, to Mr. Baker, Mr. Rapp’s man
of business, who was a resident of Harmony at the time of the purchase,
and in which I had requested of him to procure for me what information
he could on the subject.

- «Mr, ANDERSON, writing to Mr. BAKER, says :

«+ The letter of Mr. Davip DALE Owen, of the 26th ult., enclosed in
yours of the 8th inst., was duly received by me here.

«©¢Well sir, as to the limestone slab that Mr. Frepepick Rapp
obtained of me sometime in 1819 at St. Louis, I will tell you its history.
The year after I was located in St. Louis, during the extreme low water
of the Mississippi, I was shown the imprint of human feet, that was in the
limestone rock on the very margin of the river, and which had been only
seen by the old inhabitants there very few times; as it was said by them
that it was not more than once in the period of ten years or so, that the
river fell to its then stage. This rock lay about opposite the center of the
city proper, and seemed to have been polished smooth by the attrition of
the water. There was no rock lying on it, as it was the lower ledge of the
stratified limestone that reached, by steps, to the bluff of limestone rock
that ranged along the foot of the river lots of the city. This bluff of stra-
tified rock was seemingly from ten to twenty feet high, and from twenty
to forty yards from the margin of the river at extreme low water mark,
all along the city. This bluff has been quarried out, and a fine range of
three story stone warehouses erected there on the river front. A street,
too, of sixty feet wide has been laid off, besides a graduated macadamized
wharf on the outside of that again to low water mark.

¢A Mr. Jonn Jones, who claimed a sort of ownership in the rock as
being the first discoverer of it that season, was employed by me to cut
out the slab for Mr. FrepERicK Rapp, who was then at St. Louis on a
business visit. I paid Jonzs (to the best of my recollection) one hundred
and eighty dollars for the slab, and shipped it around to New-Harmony,
to Mr. Rapp.’

“These extracts fully explain the circumstances under which the slab
was originally obtained by Mr. Rapp. When that gentleman, in the year

‘ta

No. 112. | BB

1824, sold the New-Harmony estate to my father, the slab also came into
my father’s hands, and ultimately into the possession of the late WILLIAM
Mac ure. After his decease, it was presented to me by his executors,
and is now preserved in my museum of natural history at New-Harmony.

‘This slab itself is a ponderous mass of solid limestone, weighing up-
wards of a ton. Although fossils had been observed in the vicinity of its
original location, yet until lately no remains had been discovered on the
specimen itself. In preparing to remove it, however, from Mr. MAcLURE’s
residence to my laboratory, observing a horizontal fissure which extended
entirely across the rock, I split off by the aid of wedges a continuous
layer, some two or three inches thick, from its inferior surface. This opera-
tion, besides materially facilitating its transportation, discloses, as I had
hoped it would, some familiar fossil shells; and I subsequently discovered
a good many more by reducing the detached portion into small hand
specimens. I was thus enabled definitely to determine the age of the rock.

‘“‘The fossils obtained (four species of Producta), proved on examina-
tion to be the same species which I had often previously observed at
Leavenworth, in Indiana, on the Ohio river, and elsewhere, in a rock, the
exact geological position of which I had already satisfactorily ascertained.
This stratum lies from ten to twenty feet below the lowest members of
our true coal measures, and is considered the equivalent of the mountain
limestone of Europe.

‘So much for the age of the rock in which these foot-prints are found.
The question next presents itself, are they true fossils, or are they the
work of art?

“To aid in the solution of this question, I have given (in the plate
accompanying this article ) a correct representation of the slab, with the
foot-prints and other marks, as they at present appear. That during the
twenty-two years since it has been quarried, no material or appreciable
alteration seems to have occurred, may be inferred from the following com-
munication from a gentleman now residing here, to whom I am indebted
for many valuable additions to my geological cabinet, and who visited and
critically examined the specimen sixteen years ago, in company with
several distinguished naturalists:

*««Tn reply to your enquiries regarding the now famous limestone slab
with its human foot-prints, I have to say, that in the year 1826, I visited
and examined it repeatedly and minutely, and have a perfectly distinct
recollection of its appearance at that time. I then compared the foot-prints
with my own, placing my naked foot on the impressions. They corres-
pond very accurately both in outline and in the depressions, answering to

56 [Senate

the principal muscles of the foot and toes, except that the toes were some-
what more widely spread than mine. Mr. Macuurg, Dr. Troost, Say,
and Mr. Lesvxvr, then residents of Harmony, examined the rock at the
same time. They all agreed in opinion as to the artificial origin of the
tracks, with good reason, I think; for the task seems to me more easy
than the fabrication of many of our native vases and other antiquities.

““¢T can say with confidence that there is no perceptible difference
between the appearance of the tracks now, and in 1826, when I first saw
them; and I find that others, who were then in the habit, like myself, of
seeing the specimen daily, coincide with me in this opinion.

SAMUEL BOLTON.’

‘Messrs. Mac ure, Say, Troost, and LesvrvR, appear thus to have
agreed as to the artificial origin of these foot-prints; yet among the vari-
ous writers who have broached the subject, others have expressed a very
different opinion.

‘*Mr. ScHooLcraAFT, in the article already referred to, and which first
introduced the matter to the scientific world, expresses his unqualified
conviction that they are true fossils; and remarks, that ‘‘every appear-
ance will warrant the conclusion, that these impressions were made at a
time when the rock was soft enough to receive them by pressure; and
that the marks of feet are natural and genuine. Such was the opinion of
Governor Cass and myself, formed upon the spot, and there is nothing
that I have subsequently seen to alter this view; on the contrary, there
are some corroborating facts calculated to strengthen and confirm it.

“‘The learned MANTELL, the distinguished geologist of southeastern
England, coincides with ScHooLcrarT as to the true fossil character of
the foot-prints; but though he expressly refers to ScHooLCRAFT’s article,
he seems to have overlooked the character of the rock; for he speaks of
the impressions as being made in sandstone. The passage occurs in his
‘‘Wonders of Geology,’’ already referred to, at pa. 76, where he has
copied ScHooLcRAFT’s drawing of the foot-prints.

‘‘ After giving the plate, he adds: ‘The above figure is an exaet copy
of the original drawing, and exhibits the impressions of the two corres-
ponding human feet, placed a short distance from each other, as of an
individual standing upright, in an easy position. The prints are described
as presenting the perfect impress of the feet and toes, exhibiting the form
of the muscles, and the flexures of the skin, as if an accurate cast had been
taken in a soft substance. They were at first supposed to have been cut
im the stone by the native Indians, but a little reflection sufficed to show
that they were beyond the efforts of those rude children of nature; since

No. 112. | 57

they evinced a skill and fidelity of execution, which even my distinguished
friend, Sir Francis CHANTREY, could not have surpassed. No doubt
exists in my mind, that they are the actual prints of human feet in
soft sand, which was quickly converted into solid rock by the infiltration
of calcareous matter.

‘With opinions so variant before me, and such names arrayed on either
side of the question, it is with diffidence that I shall proceed, after describ-
ing the slab in my possession, to venture my opinion as to the probable
origin of the impressions it contains; yet I must be permitted to remark,
that I am unable fully to endorse the unqualified expressions of admira-
tion in regard to the matchless workmanship and inimitable fidelity of
execution which the inspection of these foot-prints has called forth in
various quarters. I may be supposed to regard the specimen which is the
subject of these eulogiums, certainly with no unfavorable eyes. To find
myself the possessor of a fossil unique in the cabinets of Europe or
America, or even of a specimen of aboriginal sculpture that should put
to shame the best efforts of CHANTREY’s chisel, was a prospect calculated
to quicken my perceptions of its merits and beauties, or to bias my judg-
ment in favor of its genuine character. Nevertheless, after the most
critical inspection, I regret to be impelled to the confession, that I see no
creditable display of anatomical knowledge or artistical skill; nothing
more than we may fairly attribute to the observant and ingenious Indian,
dependent for his very life, as the forest warrior daily is, on an intimate
and familiar acquaintance with tracks of every description, and more
especially, with those of his own race. The representation is, indeed, easy
and natural; at the heel, at the ball of the foot, at the outer edge of the
sole opposite the instep, the impressions of the muscular elevations are
given with fidelity, yet without any delicate details, minute lines of demar-
cation between the muscles, flexures of the skin or similar minutiz.

‘“‘The appearance and dimensions of the foot-prints coincide otherwise
with ScHOOLCRAFT’s description of them. The greatest depth of the im-
pression is about one-sixth of an inch. The rock, as already stated, is a
very compact limestone of a gray color, and its general surface has been
ground down level, and even partially polished by the attrition of sand
and water. The polish has extended to the impressions equally with the
rest of the slab, and gives to them a smooth and finished appearance.

«« After a close inspection of the slab itself, a careful examination into
its geological position, age, and origin, and a partial review of the argu-
ments of the various writers already quoted, I have come to the conclu-

~

58 | Senate

sion, that the impressions in question are not fossils, but an intaglio of
artificial origin. This opinion is based on the following considerations :
Ist. Because the foot-prints are not continuous, but isolated.
2d. Because (as it would seem) this is a solitary instance of human
foot-prints in solid limestone. ;

3d. Because of the difficulty in conceiving the sudden consolidation of

compact limestone rock, after haying received, while in a plastic state,
such impressions.

Lastly, and chiefly, because of the age, nature, and position of the
rock, and because no human remains whatever have hitherto been dis-
covered in any similar formation.

‘The isolated position of our foot-prints affords a strong presumption
against their fossil origin; and we can hardly imagine under what cir-
cumstances a man could impress, thus evenly and naturally, a single pair
of foot-prints on a soft and yielding surface, without leaving thereon other
traces of his steps.

“The limestone stratum containing them is not a partial bed, but an
extensive layer, necessarily deposited at one and the same time. There
seems, therefore, every probability that other foot-marks would have been
discovered on adjacent parts of the rock, had those under consideration
been actually made by human feet in plastic calcareous matter.

‘Tf the specimen in my possession be unique of its kind, that circum-
stance also is strong evidence against its fossil origin; and it would appear

that it is so. Hvery writer, American or European, who treats of impres- -

sions of human tracks in solid rock, alludes to the specimen which forms
the subject of the present article: all expressly referring to the St. Louis
locality, and apparently unacquainted with any other. Yet we have already
seen, that in that vicinity, none but the foot-prints in my possession have
been discovered.

‘But all these arguments are weak, compared with that based on the
origin, position and age of the rock under consideration, and on the fact,
that no human remains of any description have ever been discovered in
any similar formation.

«“We have ascertained that the organic remains taken from the slab
itself are marine shells. We find, moreover, that it is overlaid by other
beds of limestone containing fossils, also the former inhabitants of an
ancient ocean. The inference is inevitable, that these various beds were
deposited at the bottom of the sea. But unless we imagine the stratnm con-
taining the foot marks to have been raised from the bed of the ocean,
while still in a plastic state, to have received the impress of the human foot,

No. 112.| 59

and to have been again submerged, ( the tracks remaining uneffaced until
gradually covered by other beds of limestone), how can we even conjec-
ture that these prints were impressed on the nascent rock ?

‘No remains of man or his work have ever yet been found, except in
the most recent deposits. Yet the limestone composing our slab is of im-
mense antiquity; anterior, even to the coal formation. Between this
ancient limestone and the recent one of Guadaloupe, as well as all other
rocks in which have been detected any traces of man or his handicraft,
there intervene six great geological formations : the coal measures, the
new red sandstone, the lias and oolite, the chalk, tertiary, and the dilu-
vium. These deposits form a geological series commonly three or four
thousand feet in thickness, and embrace six vast and strongly marked
epochs, during each of which, distinct races of animals have successively
_arisen, existed, and become extinct. The time necessary to these changes
we can hardly conceive, much less calculate. Add the supposition usually
entertained by geologists (based on the gigantic and ultra-tropical vege-
table growth necessary to produce the superincumbent beds of coal), that
the temperature of the globe and its atmosphere during the deposition
of these secondary formations was unfit for animals with lungs, and the
idea of a human fossil existing in ancient limestone must appear at varie
ance with the best ascertained facts which the industry of the modern
geologist has supplied to us, and with the most legitimate inferences to
be deduced therefrom. Nothing less than some fossil phenomenon of a
character so uneqivocal that its origin admits of but one explanation,
ought, under these manifold difficulties and improbabilities, to win our
confidence or command our belief.

«The slab which is the subject of these enquiries was quarried, it will
be recollected, from a ledge of rock at a point on the very edge of the
stream when at its lowest stage. The present site of St. Louis was a com-
mon gathering place of the neighboring Indians, as the adjacent mounds
abundantly testify. May we not, then, with some degree of confidence,
_ hazard the conjecture, that our impressions were an aboriginal record of
extreme low water, as observed by the Indian race, at their favorite
resort on the banks of the Father of Waters—their own unequalled and
magnificent Me-scha-si-pi?”’

60 [Senate

FROM JOHN TEN EYCK, OF THE ALBANY EVENING JOURNAL.

A sheet of the Parrr (water marked), which was made for the Bank of
Albany, in the year 1792; and on which all the bills of the bank, from
that time to the year 1855 ( when it had all been used ), were printed.

FROM BARNET C. HUMPHREY, OF THE CITY OF ALBANY.

A sheet of the Biuus (in blank), of the ‘‘Syracuse Company,” of which
the late William James was president.

APPENDIX.

B

MATERIALS BELONGING TO THE STATE,

WHICH ARE INTENDED TO BE USED IN COMPLETING THE PUBLI-
CATION OF THE

PALHONTOLOGY,

Received into the Geological Rooms, since the first day
of January 1855.

DEPARTMENT OF PAL.BONTOLOGY.,

ReEcEIVED, March 38, 1855, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions each, from Plates 66,67, 89, 90, 105 and 116, for
the third volume of the Paleontology. The number of figures on the
several plates is as follows, viz:

Plate No. 66, Upper Pen. Limestone, 11 figures.
No. 67, Upper Pen. Limestone, 12

No. 89, Oriskany Sandstone, 7
No. 90, Oriskany Sandstone, 7
No. 105, Oriskany Sandstone, 6
No. 116, Oriskany Sandstone, 4

Total, 47

The paper on which the preceding plates are Enea weighs six ade
and seventy-four pounds.

RECEIVED, March 10, 1855, of John H. Gavit, three thousand printed
impressions each, from Plates 34 and 38, for the third yolume of the
Paleontology. The number of figures on the two plates is as follows, viz :

Plate No. 34, Shaly Limestone, 49 figures.
No. 38, Shaly Limestone, 49

Total, 98
The paper on which the preceding plates are printed, weighs two hund-
red and ten pounds.
RECEIVED, August 31, 1855, of Richard H. Pease, three thousand
printed impressions, from each of the following plates, for the third volume
of the Paleontology, viz:

Plate No. 54, Tentaculite and Pent. Limestones, 26 figures.

No. 55, Delthyris Shaly Limestone, 21
No. 65, Shaly and Upper Pen. Limestones, 11
No. 68, Upper Pentamerus Limestone, i

| Total, 65

The paper on which the preceding plates are printed, weighs four hund-
red and seventy-two pounds.

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