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MITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 18, 1898 wf +
io) r F Wy
‘ ire

Z Pe

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ee ae ALBANY oe
JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER ie
: wr 1893 ge.
/ ; i

‘ E ‘ a \ rf

No. 39.

ie
; ; \ bs ae

e | git JANUARY 18, 1893 oo 7

a | &
FORTYSIXTH ANNUAL REPORT =) ss

7 { yh
> Sal | a:
OF THE Pia

“hh ~ State Maseui the report of the director of the museum ee 3
; - 4 SADT,
wi h appendices, of the botanist and the entomologist. ie.

-~ ANSON JUDD UPSON 2% . tee
Chancellor

Rely Te eT. A or. Mele, >
aa os oh A 8 aa Ra a iat Camara
he Ant ae eS ; r
5 J ;

; f

CONTENTS.

; PAGE
MMSE OF GNO WOITORHON 2.5 s ice al ac elas cso eases Birk odidte aek 2 te ae Ee 11
SE ar HG, AtrantanG DITeCtOr sy 1c. spate sie oie cls eld S'S ee nie ee Pom aie 12
Meant Of the Assistant Zoolopist.... 0.04... oc .0c. 0 bes sone eee neta de bao 15
' Additions to the Zoological collections ..........4.... seee eee eeeeeeee 21

Catalogue of the Families Tritonide, Fuside, Buccinide, Nasside,
Turbinellidz, Volutidz and Mitride, in the collections of the New
York State Museum, exclusive of the Mazatlan collection .......... 29

: ‘Report of the Director, continued:

Collections of Fossils made for the Paleontology of New York pre-

SRT PIMRBUM ERED. Cant. 20. PES Sic) Sey ste A aS Br ha ws vO. S wee 9 api aarti Speyer ae 62
List of the Boxes of Fossils in the State Hall belonging to the State
; OORT ORIEN RN Se og Pate Sea aya aes ah G8», 6d yx «i's whe doepalalaye ¥ aha bon te area 66
Additions to the Museum collections in Geology and Palsontoleee.
made in connection with work on the Geological map.............. 75
Hehool collections......:..25. 02.065. Pst Si eo aah 2S av te Sa Se 17
Baeeeirny f uplieAtioONns,..... i.e. S56. fee eiy soe ees s Paaidhattate Sle Eine hae acts, aaa 79
Report of the State Penistone <5 5.08 1 Amie e oe PN nn cmd sco wie kan ie Ohad wee 683.
atlantis adoed to the Herbarigm 00. 4. 5. och Seas cae eae eaieeeh 92
(B) Contributors and their Contributions................-....-+ 2000 95
Pi species riot before reported: 3.2. 6. DEV ae hod ee eee ee ed sae 8 98
eeePincey Tomiie Species... 6c ash. . eia cis sh goth k an cat Oho oes 147
Seerrn Notes and Wuservations.. 0.2.8. iiss od og a 120
menew Lork species ol PLUTEOLUS, 7: .2. ou. NA es 138
Phone ae ICCICH Ol (ATED AY BE 8 sec cw fale See Lie ola Ss We ale ete 141
Seema PHC PAPISODIOMISES ohio ot faces eek yo 6 ie Besd dae ae pee ale ao Se ware 153 —
Palzontology of New York, volume VIII, parti.................. ao | SOO
Palzontology of New York, volume VIII, part ii.................... 169
creme teal Mag Of the Siahe. Asses yee alas oo hao apn Fk 2d Sets + be oes 171
Report of the Assistant Palzontologist .............. 0c ccc ce eee ence ecees 191

Additions to the Geological and Paleontological Collections during
em EE OIE en aia WU an ea alsig Bidls widinca ck eON vee Sakaki deh ae 196

List of the Original and [Illustrated Specimens in the Paleontological
Collections, Part Il; ANNELIDA and CEPHALOPODA
Notes upon two Boulders of a very Basic Eruptive Rock from the west
shore of Canandaigua Lake; and their Contact Phenomena upon the

Trenton Limestone, RE ee Eee PEI HONE oes ALS ete in teen Ree 201
The Devonian Section of Central New York Saas the Unadilla River, by

(RE NESE SACRA FT GR ape a Ty eRe Ee Sm > 256
Report of the State Entomologist.............0. cece cece cence cectee cece: ae7

war
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Gee OG
wore, ee

—

ia REGENTS

ke be OF THE

"UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
5 : a) | (January 1898) , ?

|The Laws of 1889, ch, 529, made the State Library and State Museum departments of the
‘F University.]

Anson J. Upson, D.D., LL.D., Chancellor
Wirtiam Crosweii Doans, D.D., LL.D., Vice- Chancellor

tc _ Roswett P. FLtowex, Governor

: Wuuuam F. Suesuan, Lieutenant-Governor
aie. Frank Ricz, Secretary of State pees
; na : James F. Crooxsr, Sup’t of Pub. Instruction |
“ Re In order of election by the legislature .

Martin I. Townsenp, LL.D., 1873 - - Troy

e: Anson J. Upson, D.D., LL.D., 1874 - . - Glens Falls
“* : Wiuuium L. Bostwicx, 1876 - - . Ithaca
% Cuauncry M. Depew, LL.D., 1877 - - New York

Cuarues FE, Fircu, M. A. 1877 - - - Rochester

3 Orris H. Warren, D.D., 1877 - - - Syracuse
re Wairetaw Rei, LL.D., 1878 - : - New York
e Wiuuiam H. Watson, M.D., 1881 - - Utica

a Henry E. Turner, 1881 - - - - Lowyville
: “ St Crain McKetway, LL.D., 1883 - : Brooklyn
ee Hamitton Harris, LL.D., 1885 : : - Albany
eos Daniet Bracn, LL.D., 1885 - - - W atkins
_ _~~-Wirarp A. Coss, M.A. 1886 - - - - Lockport
/ Carrot. E. Smirn, 1888 ~—- - : . Syracuse
~ Buyy T. Sexton, 1890 : - - Palmyra
/ T. Guitrorp. Suits, M.A., C.E. 1890 - - Buffalo

Two vacancies ©

Meztvit Dewey, M.A. Secretary, Albany

Regents standing committee on the State Museum

T. GuiLForp Suita, Chairman
Lieutenant-Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Regents
Bostwick, Braca, Coss, C. E. Smita, Stimson

State Museum Staff

James Hartz, M. A. (Rensselaer Polytechnic), LL. D. (Harvard)
Director, State (Geologist and Paleontolagist
Freperick J. H. Merritt, Ph. D. (Columbia)

Assistant Director and Assistant Geologist

Cuarves H. Pecx, M. A. (Union) — ee State Botanist
J. A. Lintner, Ph. D. ~ = = —\ State Entomologist
Joun M. Ciargke, M. A. (Amherst) - Assistant Paleontologist
Wiuzram B. Marsnatrt, M.S. (Lafayette) -— Assistant Zoologist
Puitie Ast — ~ - - - = = — Lithographer
Martin SunnHy - - — = = = = Messenger
Jacos Van DxLoo — ee - -— Clerk
Cuartes W.-Samson ~ = ees - - - Page

Report oF THE Dtrector, 1892.

“REPORT OF A Des DIRECTOR.

q
Sea the:
To the Honorable the aa of the University of the State of a
New York: os

i
ee

‘
ae -Gentiemen.— I have the honor to transmit herewith the report h
of Mr. F. J. H. Merrill, Assistant Director, and of Mr. Wm. B. Mar- is
shall, Assistant Zoologist, showing the nature of the work accom-_
ppushed, the condition of the collections in the zoological depart-
‘ment, and the proposed work in other departments in the Museum —
ee building on state street. | é
| _ The Museum collections in geology and paleontology arranged — ie
| and stored in the State Hall have received especial attention —
ie during the past year as the accompanying statements will show.
r The ne amount of material originally collected for use in the
preparation of the volumes on Paleontology has, up to this mee
‘remained very nearly in the same condition as when it was trans-
ferred from my own premises to the State Hall in 1886, baie
‘interrupted only by the selection of collections for schools which — os
have been ordered by the Regents. A statement of the condition 3
_ of these collections, the number of drawers and boxes occupied | @

_ by the specimens will be found following the report upon the |

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Dear Srr.—I have the honor to submit herewith my report on —
I G the work of the New York State Museum for the fiscal year end- —

ing September 30, 1892. | ‘3 ;

| mney respectfully yours, | ;

F. J. H. MERRILL, , e

Assistant Director. iy

- State Museum by the Assistant Director. p.

: Very respectfully, it
JAMES HALL, ~ =

: Director.

:

%s Aupany, December 10, 1892.
si eit 5 Ames Hau, Director : :

Report of the Assistant Director and Assistant
“Ne State BESIDES i

in the office, has been chiefly occupied with “correspond
relating to the mineral resources of New York State and the —
collation of data for the preparation of bulletins on the various —
bes? products. | The many inquiries received concerning the location
and distribution of minerals emphasize the need for publications
on this subject, and the lack of accurate information on many
‘ points of interest and importance in this connection indicates the
ik necessity for an economic survey of New York State. With the
limited means available, the writer has endeavored to supply the
yh “necessary information whenever asked for, and has undertaken
a collation of the literature bearing on the mineral wealth of our
_ State, which, if supplemented by field work, will permit the pub-—
| Beeation of reliable reports on the economic minerals found within —
our borders. A special bulletin on the salt of New York State
. has been in preparation for several months and will soon Re
_ yeady for publication.
In the field but little has been accomplished by the writer in Me
‘the economic subjects upon which work was begun last year. |
The pressing necessity for the completion of the geological map
of Westchester county, to be embodied in the new geological —
map of New York State now in preparation by the State Geolo- —
gist, made it essential to devote to this purpose nearly the whole _
of the sum of $500 allowed for the expenses of the Assistant
Director; consequently, the economic work originally planned Be
for the past season has been delayed. ‘i
Some time has been occupied, at the suggestion of the Secre- _
tary of the University, in preparation for a course of lectures on _
geology, with special reference to New York State for University
Extension. The writer has also in preparation a brief handbook _
of New York geology to serve as a guide to the museum collec.

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REPORT ON THE NEW YorRK STATE MUSEUM. 3

tions. Such a work was printed in the Annual Report of the
State Museum of Natural History for 1860, but the present state

of our knowledge on this subject necessitates extensive revision

and amplification of the original pamphlet.

The study of the iron deposits of the eastern Adirondack region
and their associated rocks, begun by the writer last year, has
been continued by Prof. J. F. Kemp, of Columbia college, who
kindly volunteered his services in making a geological map of the

- Port Henry district. Prof. Kemp’s work in this field has been

extensive and thorough and an important report will be made.

_ The work of mapping the geology of Wesichester county, carried
on at intervals from 1884 to 1890 by the writer, and continued

by him in 1890 under the auspices of the State Museum with the
assistance of Mr. E. M. Blake, has been brought nearly to comple-

tion during the past year by the writer and Mr. Heinrich Ries, an

efficient volunteer assistant. The boundary lines between the
areas of gneiss, schist and limestone have been carefully traced
throughout the greater part of the region not previously mapped
and the detailed geology has been studied with sufficient care to
‘permit the geology of the county to be mapped on a scale of five
miles to the inch. Much petrographic work, however, remains to
be done and at least one more season’s field work will be neces-
sary to a thorough understanding of the stratigraphic geology of
Westchester county.

The work in Zoology has been continued under the direction of
the writer by Mr. Wm. B. Marshall on the same lines as during
the previous year and is discussed in detail in his report. The
collection of fishes being very meager and the alcoholic specimens
being in poor condition for popular inspection it seemed desirable
to make a new and complete collection of the food fishes of our
State. The Assistant Director communicated with the officers of
the State Fish Commission on this subject and an immediate
promise of material was received and the persons in charge of

_ the various State hatcheries have been directed to supply the

Museum with a suite of specimens of the food fishes. The Com-
mission has also promised specimens of fishes not used for food,
mollusks and other zoological material. It was found upon
investigation that there was no existing catalogue of the fishes of
New York State which was reliable in terminology and complete

«
i y

“annual report and ae as a check list.

uc Pebn Exhibition. As a result of this work we may

a valuable contribution of material to the collections and p'

_tions of the State Museum without additional sais |
| Respectfully submitted.

FREDERICK Pee er MERRI

o 30, 1892: :

rye?

zs, ~ Much the greater ee: of my time during the past year has
“been devoted to the work of rearranging the collections of shells.

2 ies

ite families Muricide and Tritonide had been reidentitied and some
a of "them had been labeled and arranged in the exhibition cases.
During the last year the Cephalopoda and the Gasteropoda of

e e families Fuside, Buccinidie, Nasside, Turbinellide, Volutidae,

been permanently arranged in cases.
en The rearrangement of the shells includes the reidentification
a all- the specimens contained in oe various collections. For

sonian Tetnber i, from the duplicates of the uated States

Newcomb, and from other sources, have never been exhibited to
the public. The Gould collection, of which only a part was
exhibited, and the case containing the Reigen collection of
Mazatlan shells, formed the general anctialagicn exhibit. Many
‘species and some genera which are lacking in these collections

the Reigen collection, which by terms of gift must be maintained
_ separately) into one general collection, we have been enabled to
show at a glance all the species of each genus in our possession.

oe Piss Pe essuolibwinis tai repork of whe aay ob ine K
| “oologea ee of the New York State Museum for

This work was begun in the winter of 1890, and when the last
nual report was prepared most of the species belonging to the

Conide, Pleurotomide, Marginellide, Olivide and —
Columbellidie have been reidentified and many of them have

: Exploring Expedition, from Hugh Cuming, from Dr. Wesley -

are represented by specimens in other collections belonging to _
the Museum. By coinbining the several collections (exclusive of

Forry-sixra Report o2

| ‘The pact study of each shite of specimens Bee hich
_ in making a reidentification of the species, has resulted 11
ing to light several of Gould’s types which heretofore ha.
been recognized assuch. In addition to these the types of s
species described by Dr. Philip P. Carpenter have been foun

_ the Gould collection. The “ Proceedings of the ees

% Dr. Gould proposed the names of some of the new species —
described in this paper, and Dr. Carpenter proposed the names
of the remainder. The types of several of these species, whi
_ until recently have not been recognized as types, have alrea
been found in our collection and it is probable that we have all
of them. They are especially valuable because théy have ‘not
been figured and in afew cases the species are represonu) by
specimens which are unique. | |
_ As reported last year, it is our intention to publish a catalogue
_of the collection of shells as the work of rearranging it progresses.
_ An appendix to the last annual report contained a catalogue of —
the family Muricide. An appendix to this report contains a —
catalogue of the families Tritonidz, Fuside, Buccinide, Nasside,
Turbinellide, Volutide and Mitride. Family, generic, sub-
generic and specific labels have been printed for the portion of
the collection of shells catalogued in this report. ae
3 Printed labels have been placed upon the specimens of Bind ae
lacking labels, and the sex of the bird has been indicated on the —
| label of each specimen. The entire collection of birds has been
_- venumbered.

Karly in the year the skeleton of the Indian elephant “ Colum |
bia” was received from Ward’s establishment at Rochester, _
where it had been sent for cleaning and mounting. Owing to —
jack of space it was impossible to place the specimen with the ai
collection of recent animals upon the fourth floor of the Museum. a
It was therefore placed upon the third floor, near the mastodon — oe ee
and Irish elk. In order to provide room for the specimen upon
this floor it was necessary to remove the entire Rosenbusch col- |
| lection of rocks and to lessen the width of the aisles between the
7 various cases. 3

The fact that material properly belonging in the Zoological
department is overflowing into other departments, where it can

New Yorks Stave Mcsevoe. . 17

be. ‘accommodated only by the removal and storage of equally
Me valuable, though less perishable material, shows that there is
ye imperative need of more space in all departments of the Museum.
_ The large bison’s head which formerly adorned the wall of the
entrance hall has been cleaned and mounted upon a walnut

_ shield and placed in one of the exhibition cases. This care and

The usual amount of cleaning has been done. Each stuffed
specimen has been carefully examined and all have been found in
fe i good condition and free from insects. The specimens and the
cases containing them have been carefully wiped and dusted.
an The floors of the large case at the west end of the room, con-
_ taining the ungulates, and of the three large cases at the east
end, containing the rhinoceros, carnivora, etc., have been painted
and the walls and ceiling have been kalsomined. This and the
q removal of the paint from the panes of some of the windows and
- oe substitution of ground glass for the rest of the painted panes
_ have added greatly to the cheerfulness and attractiveness of the
- floor devoted to zoology.
ji _At various times during the year notes from this department
a ave been published in the “Nautilus,” in the “American
Naturalist” and in the “ Auk.” One of the notes published in
a _ the last named periodical is reprinted in this report.

Bulletin No. 1— A preliminary list of New York Unionides
__was published in March, 1892. It contains a list of the species of
_ Unionide known by the author to inhabit the State of New
York. It is preliminary to a more extended list of all the species

known to inhabit the State.

4 _ Since the date of the last report the Assistant Zoologist has
made addresses on zoological subjects before the Kindergarten
-. Teachers’ Association of Albany, before the Dana Society of
be Natural History of Albany, and at a farmers’ institute held at
a } ee beck under the auspices of the New York State Agri-

- A list of he additions to this department will be found in
an appendix.
x Respectfully submitted.
WM. B. MARSHALL,
1893 © Beats: Assistant Zoologist.

18 Forvti-SIXiH REPORT ON THE

A specimen of Numenius arquatus, said to have been taken

Long Island, N. Y.*—The collection of the New York State

Museum contains a specimen of Curlew labelled “N umenius —

longirostris, Long-billed Curlew, male, taken on Long Island in =
1853.” The specimen proves to be a European Curlew
(Numenius arquatus). Mr. William Dutcher has compared the -

specimen with specimens of Numenis arquatus in the American

Museum of Natural History in New York City, and says that

there is not the slightest doubt that the bird belongs to that
species. This being the case, the statement on the label that the —

bird was taken on Long Island becomes an interesting one.

Mr. Brewster, Mr. Ridgway and Dr. Merriam inform me that, so

far as they know, the species has never been recorded as oc a
in an American locality. | .

The annual reports of the New York State Museam (or
Cabinet) record but three specimens of Long-billed Curlew,
Numenius longirostris, as having been received into the State
collection, viz., one specimen (without data of any kind) recorded
in the 1st Report, p. 17, 1848; one male recorded as part of the
De Rham collection, 4th Report, p. 36, 1851; one male recorded

in the 7th Report, p. 17, 1854. This last specimen was received —

in 1853, as it is recorded in “Appendix A. Catalogue of the

quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, etc., added to the -

State Cabinet of Natural History, from January Ist, 1853, to
January Ist, 1854.”

At the present day there are three specimens in the State
collection labelled “ Numenius longirostris, Long-billed Curlew,”
viz., one without data of any kind—corresponding in this respect
to the entry in the 1st Report; one in the De Rham collection,
marked ‘“ male” — corresponding to the entry in the 4th Report;
the third is the specimen of Numenius arquatus under considera-
tion and is labelled *“‘ Male, taken on Long Island in 185%”— cor-
responding in sex and date to the entry in the 7th Report. The
report contains no record of the locality in which the specimen
was taken. The writer does not consider this omission as of any
importance except that it may be looked upon as in a measure
supporting the supposition that the bird came from some locality
within the State of New York. The older Seapets 2 of the State

* Reprinted from the Auk, October, 1892.

‘

Ww n ies occurrence oF a species in a certain locality was con-
| red remarkable. The reports give evidence that the specimen
N ‘umenius arquatus was believed to be the common Long-
| led Curlew (Numenius longirostris) known to occur more or
ice ss plentifully within the state, so that the locality in which the
ie sp ecimen was taken was not thought worthy of remark.
; ‘The writing on the label is apparently very old, and is in the
By ada of the Hote John Gebhard, who was curator of the State
ne Cabinet at the time the bird was received. Mr. Gebhard was in
aa employ of the institution at the time of his death in 1887, in
the capacity of guide; and was believed tc be familiar with the
history of most of the zoological specimens. About ten years
ago the birds and their labels were marked with corresponding

still: in the employ of the Museum, and at a time when Mr.

position which he held —that of guide — Mr. Gebhard’s eyes
s were upon the collection almost every day. Under such circum-
8 stances it is hardly possible that there could have been any con-
fusion of labels without attracting his attention—Wm _ B.
N arshall, New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y.

‘The above notes were read at the last Congress of the American
Ornithologists’ Union, November, 1891, and the specimen. in
question was also exhibited. The entity of the specimen being
beyond question, the only other point to be decided is, whether
the claim that it was taken in North America is well founded.
‘In addition to the facts submitted above by Mr. Marshall, he
also found in the Comptroller’s office in Albany, a bill made by
James A. Hurst, dated June 8, 1853, for certain specimens of
“mammals, birds, etc., amomg which is this item, “Long-billed
Onrlue, male, very fre, $5.00.” Mr. Hurst who sold this speci-
- men to the State Museum was in the employ of the State Cabinet
at the date of the bill and for many years afterward in the
ae capacity of taxidermist. It is evident neither Mr. Gebhard, the
curator, nor Mr. Hurst, the taxidermist, were aware that the
‘specimen added to the collection at the time was the European
5 Curlew, as they labelled it “Long-billed Curlew.” If they had
® been acquainted with its identity, it is fair to assume they would
a _ have labelled it correctly, from the greater interest that would

PSD +
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"numbers. The work was done by Mr. Martin Sheehy, who is.

RY Gebhard was connected with the institution. On account of the.

| PG cehand: in ae handle ihe label S,
was purchased, asked the taxidermist, Mr. Hurst,
bird came from, and at the time when the fact wa
mind of ae Hurst the locality ‘ Long Island’ e was a

and one ie statements could be depended upon |
To further substantiate the fact that this specimen — W
in America it was submitted to Mr. William Palmer,
of the National Museum, Washington, D. C., and Mr
_ Richardson, taxidermist of the American Museum of
‘History, New York, who were ie at the Sage

MAMMALS.

1 Albany Institute, July, 1891.

Brig Fs
s, Trichechus rosmarus, Godm., one tusk.

n Whale, Physeter macrocephalus, Linn, five teeth.

Brrps.

soll Warbler Dendroica striata (Forst.), male and fee
eenbush, N. We |

, Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.), male, Greenbush, N.Y:

ebir a Sialia sialis (Linn.), male, Greenbush, N. Y.

a erican Seaman Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.), female, Greenbush,

REpTILES AND BATRACHIA. - .

ther Turtle, Amyda mutica (LeS.), one (stuffed).
Ik Snake, Ophibolus doliatus (Linn.), var. triangulus (Boie), one

t, Diemyctylus viridescens, Raf., Lake George, eight specimens. =
er Salamander, Amblystoma tigrinum (Green), Erie Canal, one at

Peon, a
Scan : ih
Donors unknown : 08
Ik : Snake, Ophibolus doliatus, var. Gaabalie (Boie), Albany, N. Y., ae

_ one specimen. ; as

. Bis

deers

p - 2,
- ©

Sey

.

pei Tree Rie, ‘Trachycephalus marmoratus,,
specimen. aie se |
- Mad Puppy, Neieae "maculatus, Raf, Lansing
specimen.

Collected by W. B. Marshall : . |
- Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica, LeC., Kenwood, N. Y,, fous
Red Eft, Diemyctylus viridescens, var. miniatus es

+

hide N.Y., one specimen. 7
--‘ Dusky Salamander, Desmognathus fuscus sis ), Ken
Reid : _ five specimens.

hee |

ee From 8. 8. Smith, Albany, N. Y.:: i
ss 'P'wo-striped Salamander, nea de irae (Green), Alb n
al eS one “specimen. ¥

FisHEs.

aan From Professor John D. Quackenbos, New Vouk ogee
Sunapee Lake Trout, Salvelinus aureolus, Bean., Sunapee I I

z five specimens.

Mi ‘ From Albany Institute, July, 1891 : a

» Ab oe Siphostoma fuscum (Storer),Sandy Hook, N. J.; two.

eye

Cee

ee Donor unknown: | | }

aie Lump fish, Cyclopterus lumpus, Linn., one specimen.

ae 5 Rae CRUSTACEA. (OR Sag
oe “Brom Albany Institute, July, 1891: . oe ed te
i Soldier Crab, Gelasimus pugnax, Smith. Sandy Hook, hs =f
Cae specimens. y

im Balanus sinbinnabulum, Linn., two specimens.
Balanus sp. ? one specimen.

i : Worms.

D Collected by W. B. Marshall:

ri Trichosoma rubrum, Linton. (Type.) An entozoon taken
, thoracic cavity of a chipping sparrow, shot in Greenbush,
1892. Described and figured as a new species by Prof. Edw
in the American Naturalist for August, 1892. "

From Albany Institute, July, 1891:

pi | | Parasite, Livoneca ovalis, Say. From gills of a Rockfish,
specimens.

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Bee / oe We Motusod.

She “4 fro
‘i la Peronii, Lam., two specimens.
al ntharus Coromandelianus, Lam., one specimen. Ree 3
vella nivea, Gmel., forty-six specimens. ie
Olin vella foralia, Ducl., thirty specimens.

. umbella mercatoria, Linn., six specimens.
Pi aie” ee Lam., three specimens.

m fomere ri Key, Tortugas Is., as follows:

z “ag eburneum, Bae one specimen.
erithium muscarum, Say, one specimen.

ula intermedia, Sowb., one specimen.
llina interrupta, Wood, one specimen. ee
Lucina dentata, Wood, four specimens.

4 From Bryant Walker, Detroit, Mich.:

Anodonta edentula, Say, Huron R., Ann Arbor, Mich., two specimens.
| _ Anodonta edentula, Say, Betsey lake, Grand Travers County, Mich.,
‘ Bar two specimens.

Anodonta edentula, Say, Sheawassee R., Genesee Co., Mich., seven
ss specimens.

et ; Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea, Boardman R., Traverse ete Mich.,
: . Ri: two specimens.

one specimen.
Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea, canal, Connorsville, Ind., two speci-
ss mens.

_ Anodonta fragilis, Lam., Susan L., Charlevoix Co., Mich., one
oe ‘specimen. 7
_ Anodonta Footiana, Lea, Susan L., Charlevoix ‘Co., Mich., one speci-

‘men.
Anodonta Footiana, Lea, Betsey L., Grand Traverse Co., Mich., two
specimens.

Sane Footiana, Lea, Silver L., Fenton, Mich., three specimens.

oS From W. G. Mazyck, Charlestown, 8. C.: 7
Unio Santeensis, Lea, Santee River, 8. C., twenty aoe

| Frow Thomas Naps Somerville, N. J.:

Brom. a one Ritchie, JT., ‘Boston, & Peers : :
"Helix dentifera, Island d’Orleans, Quebec, ae one e speci
- Voluta Pacifica, Sol., New Zealand, one specimen.

From Dr. S. ‘Hart Ae Penn Yan, N. Y.:

ee Unio sane B. H. Wirishe, Lake Ashby, Fla., six specimens.
- Unio Hinckleyi, B. H. Wright, Lake Monroe, Fla., two specimens
—_-*Unio Oreuttii, S. H. Wright, Lake Miakka, Fla., one specimen.
i -_ Unio corucus, Gould, Lake Ashby, Fla., two specimens.
| Unio curvatus, Lea, North Caroliu., - 1e specimen. bi cgay,

. From A. A. Hinkley, Dubois, IIl.: ig
2 Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea, Kent’s Creek, Rockford, IIL,

fr. epecimens. ee

From A. M. Luther, Garrettsville, Ohio:
Unio ellipsis, Lea, Niagara River, one specimen.

: t) From F. R. Latchford, Ottawa, Canada:
Unio luteolus, Lam., Rideau canal, Ottawa, Ont., three specimens ._
~ Unio radiatus, Lam., Cornwall canal, Ont., four specimens. ye
-- Unio borealis, A. F. Gray, Ottawa river, Gloucester, Ont., s 2
specimens. ~ ear
-_-Unio occidens, Lea, Ottawa river, Ottawa, Ont., two specimens me She
Unio pressus, Lea, near Ottawa, Ont , one specimen. ae
Unio complanatus, Sol., Ottawa Raver, Ottawa, Ont., one specimen, ae
ee

Collected hed W. B. Marshall:

specimens.
Anodonta implicata, Say (embryos from the gills of the parent), Er Oi
canal, Albany, N. Y.

From the Albany Institute, July, 1891:

Murex (Ocinebra) crassilabrum, Gray, Valparaiso, Chile,
specimens.

_ _Trophon Geversianus, Pallas, Cape Horn, two specimens.

- Monoceros calear, Martyn, I. of Guafo, Chile, fifty-nine specimens. — Ro!
Concholepas Peruvianus, Lam., Valparaiso, Chile, “twenty-four

specimens.

Triton (Priene) scaber, King, Valparaiso, Chile, ten specimens.

OO eT LN hae Ce et aS
<e * LY Views .s ‘ .

New Yorks STATE MusEvm. 25

Leucozonia cingulifera, Lam., one specimen.

Euthria plumbea, Phil. eaee Horn, five Puouene

Oliva araneosa, Lam., one specimen.

Oliva irisans, Lam., one specimen.

Oliva Peruviana, Lam., I. of Santa Maria, Chile, five specimens.

Oliva Peruviana, Lam. (chestnut phase), coast of Peru, two specimens.

Columbella hemastoma, Sowb,, Galapagos Is., seven specimens.

- Columbella Strombiformis, Lam., coast of Peru, nine specimens.

Strombus gibberulus, Linn., one specimen.
Calyptrea (Infundibulum) a ee Gm., I. of Santa Maria, Chile, four
specimens.

_Crepidula dilatata, Lam., I. of Santa Maria, Chile, two specimens.

Turritella cingulata, uae I. of Santa Maria, Chile, thirteen specimens.

_Cerithinm asper, Linn,, one spec’ 3,

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eh
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Littorina Peruviana, Lam., twelve specimens.
Littorina, Sp.? one vial.

Planaxis lineatus, Da C., one vial.

Nerita morio, Sowb., two specimens.
Neritina latissima, Brod., four specimens.
Neritina zebra, Brug., one specimen.

Neritina (Clithon) spinosa, Budgin, two specimens.

Navicella Bourbonica, Bory, two specimens.
Phasianella Australis, Gm., two specimens.

Turbo niger, Gray, eighteen specimens.

Turbo petholatus, Linn., one specimen.

Turbo Spenglerianus, Kien., one specimen.

Astralium celatum, Gm., one specimen.

Trochus Sp.? I. of Santa Maria, Chile, five specimens.

-Chlorostoma astrum, Less., I. of Santa Maria, Chile, ten specimens.

Chlorostoma quadricostatum, Wood., I of Santa Maria, Chile, five
specimens.

Chlorostoma tridentata, Pot. & Mich., I. of Santa Maria,“Chile, one
specimen.

Haliotis pulcherrima, Martyn, two specimens.

Acmaea viridula, Lam. (var.), I. of Santa Maria, Chile, nineteen speci-
mens. _

Patella Magellanica, Martyn, Cape Horn, four specimens.

Patella, Sp.? Coast of Africa, twenty-four specimens. |

Patella, Sp.? four specimens.

Patella, Sp.? Coast of Peru, two specimens.

Patella, Sp.? I. of Guafo, Chile, fifteen specimens.
1893. ns

i agehrella maxima, , Lam, Valparaiso, Chil , 8
< Fissurella nigra, Less., Valparaiso, Chile, four s

EB iearclta picta, Gm., I. of Juan Abeer andes Chas, ao s
Fissarella picta, may Valparaiso, Chile, sixteen specimens.
see ** Chiton squamosus,” one specimen. nO
&Chiton setiger,” Valparaiso, Chile, two. specimens.
2“ Chiton granosus,” Chile, three specimens. =| nt
- “Chiton olivaceus,” Valparaiso, Chile, two specimens.
“ Chiton Peruvianus,” Cape Horn, two specimens. :
“ Chiton elegans,” San Blas, Mex., one specimen. Bet

“Chiton elegans,” Valparaiso, Chile, two specimens. ee:
~ “Chiton maginatus,” I. of Santa Maria, Chile, three specimen: .
~Chiton Sp ? eae aan Chile, five specimens. - Se
“ Bulla rosea,” one specimen. | %

te “Helix Banksn,” I. of Santa Maria, Chile, five specimens.
‘ e . : i" iy

Bee: Helix Sp.? four specimens. | Si

wee : oe - K \

____ Helix Sp.? four specimens.

-- Helix Sp.? four specimens. es ty
-—- Bulimus Ee Sowb., Copiapo, Chile, two specimens.

_ “Bullimus purpurea,” two specimens. :
q = Partula Sp.? four specimens. ;

ae ‘ ° . Z P

_ Partula Sp.? six specimens.

_ Saxicava Arctica, Linn., one specimen.
Mya arenaria, Linn., one specimen.
_ Asaphis radiata, Liim., two specimens.
, Wy Sanguinolaria rugosa,” Panama, one specimen.
_--'Tellina radiata, Linn., three specimens. ©
Tellina rugosa, Born., two specimens.
Tellina interrupta, Wood, one specimen.
fi. Trigonia radiata, Sowb., Panama, one specimen. ess
- “Macoma Baltica, Linn., three specimens.
ee: Callista maculata, Linn., one specimen.
4, Dione lupinaria, Less., Panama, one specimen.
Tapes histrionica, Brod. & Sowb., Panama, one specimen.
Isocardia cor,, Linn., one specimen.
Cardium fragum, Linn., two specimens.
Cardium medium, Linn., one specimen.
Cardium muricatum, Linn., one specimen.
“ Chama communis,” one specimen.
Chama ponderosa, Brod., Panama, one specimen.

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““Cardita turgida,” Panama, one specimen.
ik :

_ Unio corrugatus, Retz, one specimen.

Unio gracilis, Barnes, one specimen.

Unio plicatus, LeS., Ohio R., near Pittsburg, Pa., one specimen.

~ Unio trapezoides, Lea., one specimen.

Unio metanevrus, Raf., Monongahela R., near Pittsburg, Pa., one
specimen.

Unio cylindricus, Say, one specimen.

Unio crassidens, Lam., Ohio River, one specimen.

Unio ovatus, Say, Ohio R., near Pittsburg, Pa., one specimen.

Unio rubiginosus, Lea., one specimen.

Unio clavus, Lam., Ohio R., near Pittsburg, Pa., one specimen.

Unio ligamentinus, Lam., Ohio R., near Pittsburg, Pa., three specimens.
Unio luteolus, Lam., one specimen. ;

Unio complanatus, Solander, Connecticut R., Hartford, two specimens. ‘
Unio retusus, Lam., one specimen.

Unio rectus, Lam., Ohio R., near Pittsburg, Pa., one specimen.
Unio Shepardianus, Lea., one specimen.

Unio Anodontoides, Lea., two specimens.

Unio nasutus, Say, Connecticut R., Hartford, one specimen.

Unio nasutus, Say, Mill R., Conn., one specimen. —

Unio purpuratus, Lam., two specimens.

Unio sp.? Bengal, two specimens.

Unio sp.? Bengal, two specimens.

Unio, Bengal, one specimen.

Anodonta cygnea, Lam., Canals, Scotland, one specimen.

Anodonta fragilis, Lam., one specimen.

Anodonta crassa, Swainson, Rio de la Plata, one specimen.

Yoldia Arctica, Gray, Portland, Me., four specimens.

Anomalocardia subrugosa, Sowb., Panama, one specimen.

Mytilus grandis, I. of Santa Mare: Chile, one 5 eS, ;
Mytilus Sp.? Panama, one specimen.

* Modiola damissa,” three specimens.

Modiola Sp.? 10-++ specimens.

Perna ephippium, Sandwich Is., one specimen.

Pinna Sp.? one specimen.

Ostrea crista-galli, four specimens.

Seurria zebrina, Less., I. of Santa Maria, Chile, thirty-nine specimens.

joey. ns
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OF THE

Families Tritonide, Fuside, Buccinide, Nasside,
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DAY ‘SUBUIOIO P|

Collections of Fossils dnile for the Paleontology —
of New York Previous to 1883-

By act of the Legislature, in 1855, there was made for the first _
time an appropriation for the collection of fossils for usein the
preparation of the Paleontology of New York. Previoustothat
time all the collections for the work had been made at my own

expense. The field work of collecting specimens under the act _

of 1855 was not commenced until 1856. Collections of fossils
_ were continued uninterruptedly for ten years, and with more or
less interruption until 1875. From that time onward no system-
atic collections have been made in this department; the State
Geologist, and his assistants, having, from time to time, made —
small special collections which have been needed in the progress —
of the work. At the commencement of these collections (in 1856)
there was no room inthe State Museum building, nor in any
other public building, for the disposition of these collections, and
in order to provide proper accommodations for the arrangement
and use of the material thus acquired, in the preparation of the

publicatiors, the State Geologist erected at his own cost, two.

buildings, one for the reception of the collections as they came >

in from the field, for the cleaning, ticketing and recording of the —
specimens. The other building was fitted up with drawers for
the proper arrangement of the selected specimens, which were
to be used in the illustration of the volumes to be published, and
other miscellaneous contributions to Paleontology. As the col-
lections increased, more room was required and more drawers
were added, and the entire collection which had been made up to
1878, inclusive, was conveniently housed in these buildings, and
made accessible for study. The work of the State Geologist and ©

his assistants, a draughtsman and lithographer, were accommo- —

dated in the same buildings. The work in every one of its phases
was prosecuted without interruption until 1884, and with inter-
ruptions coming from the operation of the law of 1883, until the ~
end of 1885. In the beginning of 1886 the State Geologist was
directed to transfer all the specimens in the buildings before —

sport on tHE New York State Mvusewm. 63

: mentioned, to the State Hall, conveniences in the shape of

drawers having been prepared in the upper story of that build-
ing, and storage room in the basement. The collections were
packed in boxes, under his personal supervision, and transferred

to the State Hall, where, by the order of Chancellor Pierson, they

were placed in charge of Mr. Charles E. Beecher; and by the
latter and Mr. J. M. Clarke were arranged in drawers as they
now remain, in the upper story of the State Hall. From that
time (1886) forward the State Geologist has had no official charge,
authority or control of these collections, until December, 1891,

_when the Regents passed the following resolution :

“That the State Geologist and Director of the New York State
Museum shall have immediate charge and control of the paleontologi-
eal collection, the work on the paleontology and the publication of the
geological map of the State. He shall be responsible for the proper
expenditure of the funds allowed from the usual annual appropriation
for paleontology under the direction of the committee, and shall
approve before payment all bills relating to the work under his personal
charge.”

After six years, the collections above described, are by this

resolution again placed under my charge and control. Under

these circumstances it seems desirable to put upon record some
information concerning the nature and amount of the material,
and some statement of its present condition.

_Therefore during the past season I have had a general inven-

tory of these collections made, and the same is herewith appended.
It is shown that the arranged collection occupies five rooms in
the upper story of the State Hall, as follows:

In the south room (No. 39) of the building, occupied by Prof.
John M. Clarke, the Assistant Palzontologist, there are 188
drawers occupied by tpyes and typical specimens which have
been used in the preparation of the preceding volumes of the
Paleontology. There are 480 drawers occupied by collections
now in use for the preparation of the work on the Paleontology.
A partial catalogue of these collections was communicated with my
report of last year, including the Crustacea. The work on the
catalogue has been continued by Mr. Clarke and a second portion
is communicated with this report. It is intended that the work
shall be continued during the ensuing year and the result com-
municated with the next annual report.

In the acnins room (No. 37) the Dervorian ame of
Upper Helderberg limestone occupy 522 drawers. ‘The ” p 5

11,000. Besides the drawers there are several hnideed es Q er.
Ae finer specimens of corals arranged upon tables standing in
the same room. A block of drawers occupied by

Hamilton group, Lamellibranchiata ... 1 .........%.268 ete
' .Hanulton group, Brachiopoda. >. 0. jo ...<... +: - a. sae :.

In the same room with the corals there is one table ee
containing aremarkably fine collection of Eurypterus and Ptery- vFS iS
gotus from the water-lime in the neighborhood of Buffalo — tora ome
nine specimens. he
_ In the central room (No. 35) the drawers are occupied by. a ;
serial collection of specimens, beginning with the Potsdam sand- — a

stone, and extending to the Oriskany sandstone inclusive.

Loin

These are occupied as follows: | Peres
me Drawers,
ot Potvdam sandstone... . 50. )5. Je. oa ee op eee ea 4

. Palererous: SAaNdstOne. oo... Se os 8 nin see ee I ego
_-—~ Chazy limestone....... Heads 9 a ao as nls edie: Wa a) Wel ee rr pies Sn a
¥ peerenton. limestone.’ 0605 ..: Lia pinie Ae os See ain ope eae 1
fk. Hudson river sroup, Graptolites./..0..2.. 3... 0... eee 58
os Hudson river group, miscellaneous................005- BA G3. |
4 Medina sandstone and Clinton group..... ope Ss Ras a002
ae Niagara group of Waldron; Indiana _. 22.20: 0... so. See \ AEB
ma) Niasara group of Delphi, Indiana’. ... 2... 00....+.. eee i 3 ~)

Niagara:group of Hamilton, Ontario’. ......).)...). “2. See 162°:

Water-lime formation of New York ................02-0 000 6
| mower telderbers PrOUp:: «sos 4 Li sled Ves db oe 149
: Oriskany sandstone..... ...... sate Bon’ 'a esa tere eat ciate oe ite 15_

The total number of specimens of these several formations
arranged in drawers in this room will exceed 37,000. ee

In the same room are three table cases occupied by fossils of
the Niagara group of Waldron, Indiana. These fossils have
been made the special subjects of study and illustration in the
reports of the Museum. The total number of these typical
specimens is about 554. oe

-

i

‘ Drawers.
Meme river sroup, Graptolites........... 0060. ce eave wees 48
ENT Eo i809 a a NOM EAR MOUs andl a's ol ole ees 8 Wl tib abel eetarns 48
i _Corniferous limestone, Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Gastro-

Spode, Cephalopoda and Crustacea....... 0... ee eee eens 96

Hamilton group, Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda,
Cephalopoda, Crustacea and corals............. 2.02 eeeees 312

Portage group, Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Bryozoa and
RNC MIR ELSE emt eee. a. fe Gay 9h/h ake te bie, Wipe @ yas Rb ele 6 ne eee 48

- Chemung group, Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda,
_ Cephalopoda, Spongie and land plants...........-.....08. 60
eeernetonn, lose fishes.) 2630) l 22 Fee ek ech Cen ine gs 2
Carboniferous formation, Bryozoa, Crinoidea and Brachiopoda. . +

a

ay ¥ ORK Srare M USEUM.

“The adjoining room (No. 33) contains fossils of the following
_ formations:

_A block of 160 drawers is occupied partly by Lamellibranchiata
of the Hamilton group, and Brachiopoda of the Upper Helder-

berg, Hamilton and Chemung groups.
~ Room 31, occupied by the draughtsman, contains a few
drawers of types and typical specimens of Bryozoa of the Ham-

ilton group. The remainder of the drawers are occupied by
specimens which have been borrowed for use in the Paleontology
of New York.

Room 32, occupied as office and eles room by the State
Geologist and his clerk, contains a range of drawers on the south
side of the room, occupied by

Drawers.
SEERA HIMESTONE, (COTAIS Ns aes eo ee ec ele ee veg Ges 30
Pamiulteneroup, corals and bryoz0a ...4.. 5.2.00. see t eee 90

A block of drawers in the central portion of the room is par-

tially occupied on the east side by Lamellibranchiata of the
Hamilton group, and on the west side by miscellaneous collec-

tions, and by collections borrowed for use in the seis
of New York.
The total number of drawers occupied as above Specie is

. 3,210, and the estimated total number of specimens is 250,000.

The following is a list of the boxes of fossils in the State Hall
belonging to the State Museum :
1893 9

Chae ForvyY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE :
BASEMENT.
Room 1.
Hudson River Group. Boxes.
PEARLS | 2). Pele es ele wi gue met ey ioe eh ape un aaa 5 Water et 10

‘ Coralline Limestone.
COTE a ee Seat AER GN MMR ORICA GET 2

BEAChIOPOdar. Wonks Cli. Ss cee ey eo clan eres or 1
ny Oe MERE She CaN) OS See Ener TEE MRD LR MT CG i 1
Hamilton Group.
Ara rivel TAU MAGA. oe ile Prk, Dh ne oh hw oe > eee D4
Plant Pemains 620.505. : eae Ae EO ee eee 8
PSTACIMOPOGA hi ios kei ae ot els Ba Loe pole Oe bts ee, er 1
-Bucords and casts of mud cracks . 3... 00. a le eee I
Maseellaneous: 4.2.2 bn oe, ee ee Ee 1
- Chemung Group.

mrachiopoda.. Geological collection .... 00... .):... eae eee 1
Dich yOspON OIA: eure a\nys bs sea dee Ge ieee ee ee rc

iIPoor ‘and. undetermined «2 ibs. Sioa a ds win nina nica ea aie eee i

Miscellaneous.

Wan Rensselaer collection 6273062. fs Cee oe we ee
SeMOOEOMECELON INO: Getic c's oe chic seas ethene sien so tga ae 1
Catskill Growp.

ASML EMUATIS ics ss ab iala oie cat areiaisleie ie Bie Nine ao to ie rr aoe!
Coal Measures.
Miscellaneous.: «Pickett collection sii62. eh) Oh eee eee 2
Livonia Salt Shaft.
Onerbarre! and 131 boxes... ew lo Oise ce eee 14
Room 10.
Black River Group.
MOOT No, aire Pie BE 2 aR a ee eae 1
Marcellus Shale.

yer

y York STATE Museum. —

Hamilton Group.

ase Se Se SS) 0-8, sb 6) 5) 6) 6) 0)6 64 Ue S/6 6.6 0 @ © 6.09, © © 6 8) 8 O 6 018 6 e 8 808 8

(Jv)
poeta?
i ag ae OS | oa
Vide i T cae: Sk Sip

wis

15%
4
”

Portage Group.
- Plants . a eyes yee Oe

|
= 5s
ae

SONS LS, Se AOD OP UP arg dyes, ous Re eee ete 1

>> = - “*
eis 3 ES ee
Data Se oer 7

ae
Upper Chemung Group. ee.

-Brachiopods ih, |) OR a oan aie yaa eit nce a. et 8 a
ay ee Group. om
Brachiopoda......... fate BAP deh iar ater acavcee wis fou toon atari Ficlets 57 ie
%) ‘. . 4 a “4
ti Plants oereersee8en Sw ooo wk ef ee Be) Ox ee 8 ole eo. oe. 8 iehe @ 6108 6 6 16-0 «0 of e. 0/0, 6 9 6. 6 @ i 2 ie
Fish remains........... SSR aU nl) a ce See yc Ppt tie 1 2),
re

i Specimens illustrating sections ........ nia oe sina a satcpr che 8 6 he
Bees Ni
pt ee Catskill Group. ea
bs Fish remains. eeneresevrvervresseseos soe eee ee eee ees 8 ‘1 Pgh ECL Pe SOROS) Oey s.2: 11 , “fg
oe : ig

30 Se

“Er
Lis

ates 3

eal?
Seen Oneonta Sandstone.

LO ke
o 7 4 Slabs oe + se = TAS Bit.e0 ¢€ S29 F7e la O* 6 \0. 6 OF GO °e, 8. 0-6. (ew 6." 6,6: 'o'' @" \e,.8 eeeweerkere#s#erteerteeteee 1

veep : ae

7

RS ee
Ee es
‘ud

oy

5 eee
Spee

js

Bsyp . Old Red Sandstone.
II th a se ENS Paci Ce Backs wie ARE i 2

a~
Se Sat

ee

ae eo

'
ages
a ©

BENS. 5 : | Miscellaneous.

es
== ae he
Bu SES ees

_ Fish remains and Crinoids. Gebhard collection..... ee ane
_ Miscellaneous corals; not ticketed ............. 0.0 cece ee ees
Miscellaneous. Lower and Upper Helderberg; not ticketed .
s _ Fragments on limestone.) Kelley's Island 7... 5.06.00... 8 5h
_ Upper Helderberg Group. lLawyersville, N. Y ..............
= etitccllancous Geological specimens for examination...........
a MMR RSD IDUGGI) ose 6 sais vet adials vicldwece seve ele fis
Tron ore and rock specimens. Lake Gi rapinin’ Bieta i aie rec lata
MMPS ONL C05 a. nicht mootscadeis ain deli ice’ > addin bd vie oes Bae
- Glaciated surface limestone. Geological collection. Buffalo, N. Y.
Vespertine formation; three miles south of Mansfield, Pa .....
Seeaacara group, Waldron, Indiana ..... ...........+.- Be a ae
_ Chemung and Catskill fish remains. Tioga county, Pa........
Semrara collection. © Ticket 893. 2.06.65 0.0.0000. sc cccececs bees

pt ent

hse
Oe ae

< a Nan

wots

ay

RR Ie, Fed

|

68 ; _PORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE

‘BOXES IN THE UPPER STORY OF THE STATE HALL.

Room 31. .
Hamilton Group. — | Boxes.
Brachiopoda. School collections........... .t..%.; en a ue 4
Pamellibranchiata . <0. obs 6 os Peale ey oe 1
Upper Chemung Group. .
Drachiopoda .. 26 oye gs eins | he eae ies Ve 2
Chemung Group.
PSTACHIONOTA sich. -a)s's gs = SAL alk echiale'e wa CO tle oe ee 12
Pash’ FEMAIMB sie heck kh Ss Se cles a iele o ie tele cha eae er y
Crmoidaliremaims 0/3. 0 Ftv b a's odie ae oe gle Oe 1
Miscellaneous.) bles s05 Si Ae a 08 a es eee ee 2
ROTERTOR eves se astea'ls (eh ugses ote ote igamla wea ae Ble ate shea nam ieee ee 2
Geolomical specimens (.()2. oe 6 oe aes se ee ‘siete gia 3
Specimens illustrating geological sections..............+...: : 1
Waverly Sandstone.
Bae RG citer oN siete bes “BG ak wlWiee Gh anh eobnik se setae eae ee rrr |
Conglomerate.
Areological specimens 25.0). ea eine tie yo ela oS cuentas ee 2
Miscellaneous.
mrettiaty SHES oi. fig oe C8 wrelece ghetto gmieie's|! sees oer 1
Room 33.
Trenton Limestone.
SHGHOGEEAS 4 i2)2) 6. (262k goes he Mg jsane de al@iecedetecd, +1 oles. Selatan 3
PTH PODILER Cie forvisc ies ace ale oss e'ardctaeel a oper ahwiin palais Chale plekelis haan air 5
Hudson River Group
KER DUOUTCH So. s vielel eA oie wheltege wcini be acthe ees eden pi 5
Room 35.
Trenton Limestone.
Schoo! ‘collections, Nos. 1-28. sv cn We ws sete ge se 4
Room 37.
Hudson River Group.
Graptolites and geological specimens. ............00.0+eoeues 1
Hamilton. Group.
Brachiopoda and corals: f.2. 03 sis.dgdjo0 Vee yee eels oe nel An 2
Lamellipranchiata® 6soer oer es oe Rae os 1

Oh At RO Re OR NR I OR MUTE! OR NSS CSA ANNA 2

i tele Group.

eevee eevee ee ee ee @

eerereret eves ee oe

Catskill Group.

Carboniferous.

ewe eeweee es eee eee

Lower Carboniferous.

Miscellaneous.

1 sections. Southern-Central N. Y.

In Rorunpba.

Lower Helderberg Group.

: | : Niagara Group,
pod MSL AN Oy els sacar shot dale oo other ad

Upper Helderberg Group.

Se ee 30

or Cases; Sours Enp or Hatt. FLoor oF
Srate Hatt. i

Upper Helderberg Group.

Hamilton AE
_ School collections. ........

Portage Group.

\
oer eee ee ee ee ee ww wee

Upper Chemung Group.

established machinery for cutting and polishing specimens and —

bho Grae is rN
ian DN ak
bart TeRTAING. 0 esc. s ke eee ee ee
PMO ONAB) ooo -3\5. bw 5 5 ee ead ee roe oy eee
Fish remains.............-0- Se cuted Ualew as (60a
Slabs MARE UE oii aR EATS

ee

OM ComreE LG 76 018 AUN TOON Coat ot nha a aragi sa oe
Dictyospongide and Brachiopoda..............., sone
ESPVOZ048 oes Cee whee yero ie aie a eRe nein ce sn
Geological section ............. bt Totadet |c seal ean pe
Rubbish and miscellaneous material........... Mee ey

Catskill Group.
Section near SOE Le Pai 2 aan att teas me
; _ Miscellaneous.
Oneonta sandstone. Plants.......... bt ee aah %

Albany clays with foot markings and trails...............

TotaL NuMBER oF Boxsgs.

i00m 1, basement of State Hall’... 5.5... 3 Poo ee

Room 10, basement of State Hall ...... ole eee
Room 31, upper floor of State Hall .............. Pal
Room 33, upper floor of State Hall ........... ‘a
Room 35, upper floor of State Hall .. 0.0.7. . 34.5. ae i te
Room 37, upper floor of State Hall ............ she ae
Rotunda, upper floor of State Hall............... |
Top of cases, south end of hall, upper floor ..............
TR ee RRA ed ae a Hee Be bintuege ancl Meme SY er ~ 486

During the time I had the management of the Museum, we

for cutting thin slices of rock and fossils for the purpose of 4
microscopic study. While a considerable number of the cuttings — i
were of other objects, much the larger proportion were of Fossil 3
Corals, which were made for the purpose of minute or micro- ’
scopic study. Of these sections there were over 3,000 specimens —
recorded (See 37th Museum Report). These specimens have not —
been in my charge or control for many years, but as they consti- —
tute an important part of the collection in Paleontology, they

have now come under my direction. On examining these speci-

“Sie priligthin’ Se ara ay ree

a oF
at -

New York Srare Museum. 71

mens I find that they are becoming injured from exposure and
slight decomposition upon some of the surfaces while the Canada
balsam by which they are cemented to the glass has in some
instances given way. ‘These specimens are very valuable and
could not be replaced except by the expenditure of many hundreds
of dollars. If they are to be preserved for future use it has
become necessary that they should be protected by thin glass
plates, which shall cover either the fossil portion or entire sur-
face. To accomplish this will require the services of a person
with some knowledge of the subjects which he is handling, and
accustomed to delicate manipulation. It is my duty to submit
this matter for your consideration and direction.

There are also over 500 sections of the shell of Brachiopoda of

which a list is given in the L0th Report of the State Mueneice
page 23, and included in the 44th Museum Report.

’ Some time about the year 1884 or 1885 a considerable number

of these sections on glass were arranged for exhibition in the

Museum, some of them arranged in frames containing several

specimens, for the convenience of handling in examination. A
considerable number of the finer and larger specimens, fifty or
more, were mounted on blocks and placed in the window recesses
in order to show their structure by transmitted light.

_ This enormous collection of fossils occupying 3,210 drawers,
contains at least one quarter of a million of specimens, and the
500 boxes contains at least 50,000 more specimens. The col-
lection was originally commenced in 1356 to furnish material for
the preparation of the volumes upon the Paleontology of New
York. The amount of material accumulated was much greater |
than could have been anticipated at the outset, and faeue |
specimens for study from which the value of the published works
was greatly enhanced, and not only this, but the greatly increased
amount of material over what had been anticipated, rendered
if necessary to increase the number of volumes of that work
in order to give a proper illustration of the fossil fauna of the
State. Atthe present time the publication of all the work of this
nature contemplated has been provided for, except the two
classes of Spongide and the Corals. Manuscript for the last

volume on the Brachiopoda has been placed in the hands of the

printer. During the past years selections of specimens have been

Forry-sixte REPORT on THE

made from the collections for use in the Palzontology and in
annual reports of the Museum, and now remain in the Muse
collection as types or sei speeniens which are accessible fc
study and comparison.
preserving, in their present accessible condition, the greater past re
of all these extensive collections. ie >
In 1874 and !875 more than 20,000 specimens of fossils fate %
minerals were selected for schools, academies and colleges and digs: rf
tributed to these institutions during these and subsequent years. AU
large number since that time have been selected and distributed, —
and we have at the present time collections amounting to nearly
5,000 specimens arranged and ready for distribution ; but Bs as a
withstanding all this, the great collection seems scarcely dimin- — a
ished, and occupying, as it does, all the drawers which we have at
our disposal in the Museum, it becomes very desirable to dispose — “ah
of the specimens, which are absolute duplicates, in such a way — |
that they will not incommode or prevent the accession and
arrangement of new material. : | sim
I have recommended in the past that the better specimens of all ir vs
the species should be selected and reserved for the uses of the) 4
Museum, for most certainly in the time to come, should the
Museum continue to hold any position among similar scientific
institutions, there will be a demand for specimens in exchange or _
for distribution to the higher institutions of learning within the
State.
In order to have some idea of the labor required to accomplish __
such work, | may say that to select, arrange, label and record
this great collection, the service of one competent Paleontologist
with a helper in the rough work, would be required for a period —
of at least ten years. ?
It seems to me that it is quite time the Trustees should take
into consideration this condition of affairs, especially since this
collection has remained almost dormant since 1886, and our gen- :
eral collections in this department have not kept pace withthe pro-
gress of investigation since 1876. In 1875 all the collections then
arranged in drawers were graded and the quality of the specimens -
marked and numbered as 1, 2, 3, etc. In the rearrangement of —
these collections in the State Hall these limitations were not
observed, and all the specimens of whatever grade were mingled
together in the same drawers.

t

4
sa

Aer x ORK Soa ison

» distributed to mt and those have been selected from _
drawers containing the entire amount of material of each
seal cies. _ Asa matter of course,whether selected by more or less
ree eaipctont hands,.the better specimens have gone into these col.
le ections, and the inferior have remained in the drawers. Ifthe
iseum wishes to preserve the better specimens of this great be
; ollection, it is quite time that some efforts be made andsome ~—
“i plan devised for selecting the better specimens sufficient to make Ess:
is “several first-class collections which might be regarded as the
| ot Museum stock, and not to be distributed except to higher insti- ~
tutions where it can be known that advanced students make use
ofthe collection. The inferior material remaining on hand could
then be distributed into as many collections as can be made from
seit it, and these collections marked in the order of their quality
bs front one upwards; such collections could then be packed in
% boxes: and arranged-in such a way, that, whenever an order
ae should be given for a collection it could at once be filled without
ry. interrupting the course of work of the State Geologist or his
_ assistants, and at a great saving of time and expense. Though I
oe _ have recommended this course before now no action has fol-
~ lowed, and I wish to place it on record once more in connection
# _ with this schedule of the nature and quantity of the collections
4 ~ remaining in the State Hall.
3 _ I beg to say in conclusion that whatever other Museum work
_ may be carried on, there is nothing more important, in my belief,
2 - than that which I have MN euded in disposing of these
_ collections.

_ Moreover, if it be the intention of the Trustees that this
ma “Museum should retain its character as a scientific institution, and
a _ keep up its intercourse with other similar institutions of the
3 “country, it will become important that exchanges of specimens be -
carried on for the benefit of each one participating in the
3 exchange, and for the purpose of giving to students frequenting
pcthe Museum an ey ane of Harpe! material obtained

ys.”

# a Besides this there are other important considerations
* which oe weigh with the Trustees of an institution like that B
a 10 ag

: leaving thats collections dormant for years, 5, they si
way be made useful. en
‘The publications made as the wean) of the Geoloment Survey a

ania History in past time, have placed before the world a
nomenclature which has been generally adopted and incorpo-
rated into the scientific literature of all nations. It should be

considered a duty to science that collections of our rocks and fos-
sils be deposited in some, at least, of the principal government —
- institutions of Europe, where reference could be had to the objects —
themselves, as well as to the scientific literature and illustration —
which has made the names of our geological formations and their
contained fossils accessible and understood. In thisrespect we
have not done our duty as an enlightened people who have asked =
the world to accept a geological nomenclature founded mainly ce am
upon the rock formations of the State of New York. a

ma

ns to the Museum Collections, in Geology
d Paleontology, made in connection
With work on the Geological map.

if

12 the early autumn a new locality of Graptolites was dis-
in the vicinity of Hudson, N. Y., on the south-western
Merino Mountain, and a considerable collection has been

erefrom, The collection amounts to about 1,000 specimens,
haye been arranged in drawers in the upper story of the

= “

, i > pw }
mS

; the same species of Graptolites.as those published in
of the Paleontology of New York, in 1847; and the
re in similar condition. The original specimens were
| from comparatively small masses and sometimes only a
lamina of black slate infolded and incorporated in the
d and partially altered gray slates of the Hudson River
ut the outlet of the Normans Kill. This locality has for many
been inaccessible on account of buildings having been
on the ground; and no other similar locality had been
preserving the same species in like condition and in slates
same physical character.

e forms were originally referred to the horizon of the Utica
ie, although it was not possible to obtain any exposure showing
2 actual stratigraphical, relations. During later years some
estion has been raised regarding the correctness of this refer-

ia Bive,

bh © ta (

ail
wee,

ee |
Sos en oS,
-

the suggestion having been made that the inclosed black

L- : deo : a _ WD pee Fae
i a .

oe
eee
- Oo
)
5
Qu
a
er
iq)
jor)
_.
=)
ss
Ss
or
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wn .
jor
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pa
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(le)
ct
SS
.
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bh
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=
=|
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Pee! =

locality at Hudson presents a clear outcrop in an escarp-
showing the shaly beds in such relations to the upper

oe ae ie

a
=

all. The discovery of this locality is interesting as fur-.

—)

eee! might be determined by the contained fossils.
| considerable number of interesting specimens have been obtair
‘the outcrops, and the limits of certain formations, especial] fe
the Hamilton, Portage and Chemung groups, and are of interest
to the Museum collections. These specimens have been placed :

, drawers for future study and verification of the age of the expe

a : following lists may be usefully recorded in their col —

‘in the collections made some years ago. sf

In the course of the investigations for the Geologteal e

which have been collected for the determination of the age

ures as laid down on the map, by their fossil contents. ae | 7

aS giving evidence of the age a the formation. The Hades
River shales with Graptolites, outcrop at a point one mile fart
south along the line of the railroad, and we have good specime

Fossiliferous Shaly lime-stone lying aie the Scutella or
Becraft limestone near Hudson. This upper shaly limestone was
first noticed, and attention called to its occurrence in the
neighborhood of Rondout, by Prof. William M. Davis, of (Cam ><
bridge, Mass., and has now been fully recognized at Beeraft’s
Mountain. ee ee specimens. ~ . a iy

Specimens of Shaly limestone from a small synclinal outlier
near Cornwall. At this place the Pentamerus and associated
limestones which form the great escarpment of the Heldtoeg
have become very greatly attenuated, and are standing almost _
vertically as seen in the railroad cutting near Cornwall. The. 4
shaly limestone specimens are from a locality three-fourths of a
mile southwest from Cornwall station, and contain the jnsiina le oo
‘teristic fossils of that rock. Specimens labeled with locality.

.

1. ton. group; ; specimens Sannigey ie the Guveutd sandstone.
ilton group. North Pitcher, 150 feetabovetown. Eleven
: mens of alae ony calcareous rock, with fossils character-

tion Shcip: Catskill creek.. Twelve specimens. . i a
pe _ Upper Hamilton group. Thirty specimens collected by Mr. i
a Darton in Gilboa, Schoharie county, N. Y., containing Spirifer
: a granulifera, Tropidoleptus Scarmatus, hee beden ie and other fos-
_ sils characteristic of the group. Aa
Hamilton group. Specimens from beds lying beneath the =
‘ ndonta sandstone, showing the relations of thissandstone to the
y “Hamilton group as has been before shown and siaaenEsh in our.
ao reports. |

Sere Upper part of Genesee’ ‘slate ; Styliola layer. Fall brook, south —
. of Geneseo. Two specimens. |

f ag From Coneville, two miles north of Manor Kill post-office,
: Schoharie county. Two hundred feet above Oneonta sandstone.

s rae °

| Four specimens of coarse gray sandstone ; one specimen contain-
os

- Spurifer mesastroales, the other with fragmentary fossils.

cf Be ieeicved but not here recorded.

a _ Chemung group. Franklin, Delaware county, N. Y. Two.

Specimens containing Spirifer mesastrialis. |

a Chemung group. Sidney, hill above town at railroad station.
Three specimens. cere

af Cortland village (south of). Two hundred feet above town.

ei ace specimens. <Atrypa Seeds Aiea the en and ae

ay . ScHoot CoLLEcTIONs.
___ ‘During the summer and autumn, Mr. Sheehy and Mr. Van
, “Deloo have selected, arranged and catalogued twenty school col-

* ~~
d mart,

lections of the Lamellibranchiata. These ane read:

by the Regents. This work required the colecnoen
and recording of about 1,750 specimens, besides the han
at least six times as many more specimens, in the selec
_ these collections. Each one of these collections is accom
by a catalogue giving the generic and specific names of tk :
sils. A great deal of miscellaneous work has been nectar 7 in

ce. This work I expect to be able to do before the f 4
of January. SES ae
During the year past 48 boxes of specimens have been sent nt
from the Livonia salt shaft. These have all been opened and the |
specimens cleaned, ticketed and recorded. Such specimens aa 4
were especially required for the Museum collections have been 3
selected and arranged in drawers which are accessible. The col-
lection has furnished a considerable number of new species of ‘
fossils which will at some future time be described and published, —
and will add to our knowledge of the faunas of the formations —
passed through in the shaft. The detailed account of the rocks —
passed through in sinking the shaft will be given under another —
head, with such other information as may be connected.
therewith. &
At the same time part of the collection for the Batavia Institu-
tion for the Blind has been selected, and attention will be given _
to its completion before the first of January. 4
The employment of Mr. Emmons by authority of the secretary
of the regents, upon the duplicate collections, will secure the —
distribution and arrangement of a large amount Of material into |
school sets and for preservation in the Museum collections. Bria
his services shall be continued for the coming year we shall have ~
a larger amount of material prepared and ready for eis oe: 4
into school collections. a

‘
4 m
o 4

- New York STare MUSEUM. 79

_ I feel that this movement is a step in the right direction and
no better service can be rendered to the cause of education and
the advancement of science than the distribution of these enor-
mous collections of 300,000 specimens, properly labeled, to the

schools and colleges of the State, and to those of other States —

also under proper regulations. The scientific organizations of
this and other countries should not be forgotten; and the State

of New York could well afford to distribute these authentically

labeled collections of fossils for the advancement of science and
the maintenance of her prestige as a patron of scientific investi-
gation and the diffusion of a knowledge of geology of which she
has become the index and authority.

Museum Pusuications.

In this place it seems necessary to make some explanation or

apology for the meagerness of scientific contributions to the
State Museum reports during the past few years. At the time when —

I was charged with the care of the State Cabinet collections and
the preparation of its reports in 1866, I understood that it would
be the object of its trustees to carry out the suggestion made in
a resolution passed by the Legislature, April 24, 1865,* and com-

municated to the Board of Regents, which resolution called upon

them for the recommendation of some plan “for placing the
State Cabinet of Natural History in the condition required by
the present state of science, to maintain it in full efficiency as a
museum of scientific and practical geology and comparative
zoology, etc.” After correspondence with the scientific men of
New York and other States, a plan of organization was communi-
cated to the Legislature and its adoption recommended by the
regents. From that time forward I felt it my duty to communi-
cate the results of all my investigations to the annual report of
that institution. As soon as an organization was effected under
the law of 1870, which designated the “State Cabinet of Natural
History ” as the “State Museum of Natural History,” I not only
continued to communicate the result of my own investigations,
but merged all my own work, and that of my assistants,
in the reports upon the State Museum of Natural History,
hoping thereby to retrieve, in some degree, the neglect of

* See Senate Document No, 89, 1865,

ye

.
pel 1

q -
Wee

Rs

fy: \
i

iP os

8

¥

a)

- previous years on “the Dae of Hid) controlling

: illustrations, and so long as I had a draughtsman in my col
there was no difficulty in illustrating the papers as they v
:, 2 communicated. Afterwards, having been deprived of the (

This plan was continued so long as I remained :
the Museum under the law of 1870, and afterwards: as lon
practicable while holding the title of director by appoint e
of the regents. These scientific papers necessarily ret juire

vices of a draughtsman by the action of the regents, I incurre
eens for these illustrations and on the pee of t

ee pased ios expense to the ere In one case, aie
where the author of the paper had spent much time and cc
tinued work during several years in an investigation of mucl |
scientific interest and importance, the small bill of less than $150
for illustrations was refused payment. Others of less oi

Finns even of ae sums of money, which were sbaclileaige
necessary, has been visited by reprimand and faultfinding, —
while my nominal subordinates experienced no such - difficulty. oe
Under these circumstances there was no recourse but to ask from ay ;
the Legislature the means of illustrating my scientific o Pane s eee
The provision of the law of 1883, chapter 355,* providing ae :
for the publication of handbooks, etc., had been made : ae
expressly to meet such r Pq uemenis and the annual appro; .

Pie

— = aes ie = = ae — - = — _ eos: { i

***The trustees of said museum shall be authorized to publish each year the scientific contri- —
butions of said staff and such other original scientific contributions as they may deem expedient, — BI nike ‘a
which publication shail be in lieu of the reports now required by law from the State Geologist | 4
and State Entomologist, and the scientific papers communicated each year to the Legislature : ye
along with the annual reports of said trustees; * * * and by means of printed hand-books — y <a
describing said collections, and in such other ways as may be practicable, to make said ees + jae
a means of instruction to the citizens of the State.” sda i

‘‘In order to provide for the expense of printing the aforesaid scientific publichiioaie and be S44
order to increase the usefulness and efficiency of said museum as aforesaid, the annualappro- _ —
priation to be made for its maintenance shall be $15,000, to be paid on vouchers approved by i
said trustees.”

i a

on for the museum Hamtendtice was increased by $5,000

Encouraged by this act : Sree hha several papers*

= a to its scientific reputation, or that they have some soceen

a: reason for refusing my contributions. Under these circumstances

ihe I have gradually es wn from presenting any papers to the
hee ‘museum reports, and those which I had prepared for publication
i sometime ago have been left untouched until the present year

_ when I aca and obtained from the Legislature the privilege of
ft - illustrating the reports of the State Geologist. It is for no other
Y reasons than those above stated that I have felt compelled to
in
As

_ dare say that it has been felt by ue trustees that my communi-
iS cations were of too little consequence toward maintaining the
_ museum in that degree of scientific activity recommended by
oe the Board of Regents in 1866. It is certainly a gratification to

_ know that since the period of my taking charge of the museum

= wr

iis in 1866, we have secured the passage of a law authorizing the
at appointment of the State Entomologist and also a recognition
Me - of the State Botanist, and the contributions of these officers add
us pearesly to the scientific publications and reputation of the State.
i in concluding my report I have felt it necessary to make this

‘ explanation, both for the scientific public and the Trustees of the.

~ Museum.

" . Tany respectfully submitted.
. a JAMES HALL,

!

a | Director.
a

* Thad prepared a Bulletin upon the upper Silurian and Devonian Bryozoa, having personally
. _ borne the expense of its preparation nearly to completion, but on presenting the matter to the
i secretary, in accordance with a previous request from him, it was refused publication. I had
a ae begun the preparation of a Bulletin on the Paleozoic Lamellibranchiata, and had published
ten plates in the Geologist’s Report for 1881, but when I asked for means of finishing my work
it was refused.
Pe I had in preparation for many years a memoir, or monograph of the fossil Dictyospongide, of
_ which I had published preliminary notices in the annual reports. In January, 1885, I presented
‘S _ to the Regents, at their annual meeting, the material which I had prepared, both in manuscript

and drawings, asking to be allowed means of publication. The matter received attention, and
* _ the following resolution was passed: Resolved, That the monograph of Director Hall on
ay py Petrosponsidas be published by the museum as Bulletin No. 1.

1893, i

avoid any attempt at contributing to the museum publications. i -

i ba eh P > i “pu
Pe A ae Tee hh

2

4
a
O
A.
(1)
a

| om heen of the work of the Botanist for the year 1899, -
ae Plant specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany,
_ Essex, Hamilton, Herkimer, J efferson, Oneida, Queens, Rensse- _
3 - laer, Saratoga, Suffolk, Ulster, Washington and Warren. kag
\ Specimens have been contributed by correspondents who cok’ Re
nae lected them in the counties of Albany, Chenango, Essex, ri
Onondaga, Rensselaer, Richmond, Queens, Saratoga, Rohencey ey
som and Washington. Bere)
i ieaeiad he whole number of species represented by the specimens _ ‘i
as i u Ided to the State Herbarium during the year is 338. Of these
te ea are represented by contributed specimens, 314 by specimens
| re collected by the Botanist. Of the species new tothe lca oti its
ow Bolissted by the Botanist. Of the 81 species, there are 30 of
which I find no satisfactory description, and they are, there- —
fore, described as new. These are all fungi, two of which belong
to the contributed specimens, 28 to the collected. A list of ie Sa
_ species of which specimens have been added tothe Herbarium
is marked A. | |
| a Specimens of plants have been contributed by twenty-three
persons. Among these contributions are many specimens of ri i
_ extra-limital species not included in the foregoing enumeration.
A list of the names of the contributors and of their respective
contributions is marked B.
_ The record of species not before reported, together with the
~ localities where the specimens were respectively collected, their
% ~ habitats, remarks concerning them and the descriptions of new —
3 a coe is marked C.
To this is added a record of a few extra-limital species received
‘ | “from ees and considered new or worthy of special
’ These descriptions and remarks follow the letter D.

: They are Pee F. ‘
That there is a growing demand for a better knowledge okt our
Pane especially of those of economic importance, is plainly oe
evident. The frequent inquiries received at the office of the
- Botanist concerning them, and the numerous specimens sent to |
him for identification, are an evidence of this fact. The use of,
the edible fleshy species for food is rapidly on the increase in |
: - this country, and yet very many who would gladly avail them-
_ selves of the agreeable and nutritious diet afforded by our oe ft
i “numerous esculent sae are debarred from doing $0 by a lack

he, eood and the bad or worthless, With this knowledge the
fear of being poisoned by the bad would no longer prevent the
ns ‘use of the good. With it many whose circumstances are such as
to make it difficult or impossible to procure an adequate supply of —
animal food might often obtain a very good substitute for it by
the sight labor of gathering it in the fields and woods. Euro-

ae works on this subject are not readily available because of
their high price and are not generally satisfactory because the
_ species in this country are not wholly the same as in that; or if
the price is not great then the deficiency in the ie and
character of the illustrations is likely to be an objection. In
view of these facts it was very gratifying to me to receive from
_ your office directions to prepare for publication full-size colored
plates of the edible and poisonous mushrooms of the State,
together with brief descriptions and notes. In accordance with |
these directions thirty-six quarto plates, on which are repre

sented fifty-nine edible species in natural size and color, have
been prepared. Also, four plates representing in like manner
three poisonous species. In all cases where it is important these

plates show both the young and the mature plant and the prin- |
cipal variations in color and shape. Vertical sections of the

plants are also depicted in order to show the internal structure
and color, to which have been added, for the advantage of
students of mycology and others who may be fortunate enough

2 compound ‘mnicrosoape:, Teeueions of the fruit or
= each species. These are uniformly ema 400)

eae

en Bens of the “Eales and two pages of index.

With these plates and their accompanying explanations,
descriptions and remarks, it seems to me to be an easy matter
or any one of ordinary intelligence, even though without any

cL

experience in such things, to recognize the species illustrated
by , them. Of the 59 edible species illustrated, 40 at least
ave been used as food by myself and thus proved to my own

ty
5 tisfaction to be good and safe. Nearly all of the remainder

re been proved 2 friends or correspondents in whom I have
ul confidence, and the few untried ones are such as are gener-
ally recommended as edible by European works on this subject,
and such as I would have no hesitation in eating if opportunity
should be afforded. A few of the species are such as are not
represented i in Kuropean works or have not been classed as:edible
them, but in all these cases they have been proved by actual
trial to be worthy of a place among our edible species.

There yet remains in our flora a goodly number of reputed
. ible species which I have not tried for lack of opportunity,
4 ut it is my purpose to test them as fast as opportunity is
given. Eight species not included in the illustrations have
‘been tried the past season. It is my purpose to continue the
illustration of these, and others as fast as they have been
proved, until all our esculent species have been thus
represented. The more I experiment in this direction
the more firmly I am convinced that the number of really
poisonous, or dangerous species of mushrooms is very small.
z -robably there is not a greater percentage of such species among
‘the fleshy fungi than hare is of really dangerous or poisonous
Species among flowering plants. But there are many fungi
a though harmless, are not to be classed as edible, bacane

re

he plan of putting the illustrations of our edible mushrooms

upon charts to be suspended upon the walls of our institutions of
2 we » ,

wy
ag Xi

Parca Sai SE

oe ‘
here

>
»

D Bat re te ss
te ee is le

tie ith “lie madi appearance of tie species, a ‘vou
e _ them at once if they should see the plants themselves
in their native places. There would probably be be.

: a: ae useful plate. and they would ae ‘be
oer a more extended knowledge of them. If the numl
our esculent species should be thought too great for such (
_ representation, any desired number of the more common
paren, species might be selected for this purpose. 7

seem too great, piey might ee placed at first in the high s sch
and academies by way of experiment. oh

The vegetation that grows so profusely in the shallow water ]
at the head of Lake Champlain and along its shores and dyke:
seemed to me to be worthy of examination. This was. given .
early i in July. Much of the woody growth consists of Mah ‘ey

ay a inas ies fhe silver maple, Acer Tose oupeae an the a nae
oe maple A. rubrum, are also plentiful. Although these are i

e - moisture- loving plants, too much water seems to be an injury "e
, rather than a benefit to some of them at least. Their roots and ee :
po the soil in which they grow are submerged much of the time, y et eee
45 the leaves of many of them are unusually small. This was i
especially noticeable in the black willow, the shining willow and ee
the heart-leaved willow. Their peculiar habitat seems also to.
retard development. The reddish-brown color of the young oe
-___ leaves of the heart-leaved willow and the maples was conspicuous 5 ‘
& even in July. The spiked loosestrife, Zythrum Salicaria, am
% introduced plant which is abundant in the lower part of the ae .
4 Hudson river valley, was growing freely in the margin of the
ui lake. This is a new station for it aud the most northern one in
e the State, though it is said to grow about the quarantine grounds — ¥ ig 3
ei ot Quebec. The great bnlbsah were "Dus eh saate the river club- a

Report or THE STATE BOTANIST.

Pccnuhy much of the shallow water space, sometimes growing»
intermingled and again each maintaining exclusive possession >

over large areas. Such plants as the water persicaria, Polygonum

amphibium, in which the leaves were often two inches wide and
four or five inches long, and the swamp dock, ume verti-

_etllatus, were apparently intent on obtaining as much food as

possible from their watery habitat, for they had emitted a dense
whorl of rootlets from each of the lower joints of the submerged

bh” Sem.

Our native wild roses and wild asters have been the source of
considerable perplexity to botanists by reason of the variability
of the species. Some special attention has been given to these

_ plants the past summer and autumn. Our native roses are easily
_ divided into two groups, one of which is easily recognized by

the naked pedicels and receptacles and by the persistent lobes
of the calyx; the other, by the glandular pedicles and receptacles
and the deciduous lobes of the alg: The bland or early wild
rose, Hosa blanda, has hitherto been considered our only repre-
sentative of the first group, but two roses have been found on ~
the mountains and along the highways in the eastern part of
Essex county which correspond to the description of the two
western roses, 22. Engelmanni and fr. Say, which also belong to
this group. These have the stems, and usually the branches also,

_ densely clothed with prickles intermingled with some straight

slender spines, a feature by which they may at a glance be dis-
tinguished from ordinary forms of the bland rose. They scarcely
differ from each other except in the form of the fruit which is
globose in the specimens referred to Say’s rose, and oblong
elliptical or ovate in those referred to Engelmann’s rose. The
bland rose which usually has stems entirely destitute of prickles
or spines, sometimes occurs with prickles toward the base of the

_ stems, but I have seen no specimens with spines.

*
|
_.

The Carolinian or swamp rose, Hosa Carolina, so far as my
observation goes, is most satisfactorily recognized by the teeth
on the margin of the leaflets. These are decidedly smaller and

_ finer than those of the leatiets of the other species of its group.
_ The stem is sometimes furnished with prickles, sometimes des-

f

titute of them. This is the only species of wild rose that I have

4 found in the heart of the Adirondack wilderness. It flowers

1893. 12

dark-green shining leaves; the latter, by its pe slender growth

shave been collected. Someof the most notable of these variations :

cumstances.

and the dwarf rose, 4’. hwmdlis, the extreme folate are , easi mak
recognized; the former by its tall stout stem, stout spines and. ;

straight, slender spines, thinner leaves and fewer flowers; but
manner of intermediate forms occur which are very perplexin
and which seem to connect the two. fin

Among our wild asters several interesting font and vane

chave been found to occur in the prenanthoid aster, Aster prenan-

thoides, a species which seems to have been regarded as quite es
uniform and fixed in its characters, for only a single variety is

mentioned. in the North American Flora. In the Call:
mountain region it varies excessively in the size and shape of —

‘the leaves, in the number and size of the heads and in their ng

arrangement in panicles and corymbs, in the color of the rays and —
in the number, length and direction of the branches. ‘The .
extreme forms, if observed separately, would scarcely be —
thought to belong to the same species, but they are so connected —
by intermediate forms that it is dfficult to separate them. . :
A more extended account of these variations will be found in —
another part of this Report. , .
Scarcely less remarkable are the variations shown by the low
or dwarf goldenrod, Solidago humilis. This species, which I
have found in the Adirondack region only, occurs on the top of —
the low rocky ridge on the north shore of Third lake, one of the
Fulton chain of lakes. This ridge is known as Bald mountain ~
its summit is long and narrow and nearly destitute of trees.
Here and there the rock is covered with limited areas of thin soil
that has accumulated in the depressions and shallow cavities and
crevices. In this the dwarf goldenrod grows The elevation,
temperature, degree of exposure, moisture and character of the
soil are all souniform over the whole summit that much variation
in the character of any plant that might grow there would
scarcely be expected. Yet this goldenrod, in this limited area
and apparently exposed to the same external conditions, exhibits _
here four well-marked and quite distinct forms. It certainly —
looks as if variation does not always depend upon external cir- —

: ie erbarium is 5 expecially rich in Re ames of fide i) have

le

Feicty-« of iioee- having an economical importance, either by :

on n of their useful or their noxious character.
- Respectfully submitted.

CHAS. H. PECK.

ANY , December 12, 1892.

(A.)

PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM. |

New to the Herbarium.

Papaver somniferum L.

' 2 _ Prunus Cerasus L.

P. domestica L.
Rosa humilis Marsh.
R. Sayi Schw.

RR. Engelmanni Wats.
_ Rubus setosus Bigel.
ra. Millspaughii Britton.

Galium Kamtschaticum Stell.
CEnothera Oakesiana Robbins.
Chrysanthemum segetum L.
Artemisia serrat) Nutt.
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl.
Blephilia ciliata Raf.
Polygonum cuspidatum S. & Z.

Quercus Brittoni Davis. b

Scirpus Peckii Britton.
Panicum nitidum Mz.

eae laxiflorum Lam.
Zygodon conoideus Dicks.
Tricholoma serratitolium Pk.

TE: submaculatum Pk.

Clitocybe albidula Pk.
C, revoluta Pk.
Collybia ochroleuca Pk.

Mycena rugosa F’r.

M. hemispherica Pk.
Entoloma nidorosum Fr.
Tubaria canescens Pk.
Agaricus subrufescens Pk.
Hypholoma aggregatum Pk.
Deconica bryophila Pk.

D. bulbosa Pk.
Coprinus arenatus Pk.
Hygrophorus metapodius?F’.
Russula adusta Fr.

Merulius Corium F’r.

M. serpens Tode.
Odontia lateritia B. & C.
Thelephora subochracea Pk.

Not new to the Herbarium.

Anemone Virginiana L.
A. nemorosa L.
Thalictrum polygamum Muhl

Corticium Kalmize Pk.
Exobasidium Vaccinii Wor,
Tylostoma mammosum fr.

z campestre Morg. airs:

Lycoperdon hirtum Mart. ‘ Ji ey ot
L. asterospermum D. & M. Boy ®
L. perlatum Pers. sea oy
L. Curtisii Berk. ee ate:
Didymium proximum B.&@C. ig pee

Physarum contextum Fost..
Peronospora Linariz Fekl.
Phyllosticta Dioscorez Cke.
Phoma vulgaris Sacc. < tans
Macrophoma versabilis Pk. ooh Base ok
Spheeronema Loniceree Pk.
Septoria Trailiana Sacc. ;
Micropera Nemopan:his Pk.
Gloeosporium Platani Oud.

Gi phomoides Sace.
G. fructigenum Berk. ©
Cylindiospo.ium Acori Pk. Pa
Urocystis Waldsteiniz Pk. ee
Cryptospora Gceppertiana Kuhn. Sistas
Atcidium Lupini Pk.

Uredo Chimaphile Pk. .
Cylindrium griseum Bon. ra
C. elongatum Bon. Fay) eek
Verticillium spherophilum Pk. a .
Periconia tenuissima Pk. be
Zygodesmus fulvus Sace.

Cladosporium Zez Pk.

Napicladium gramineum Pk.

Stilbum madidum Pk.

Coremium glaucum Fr.

Fusarium viticolum Thum. ii
Lachnella citrina Pk. Bs ah i
Anthostoma Ontariense EL. & E, ou
Stigmatea Geranii F’r. ,
Massariella Xanthoxyli Pk.
Ophiobolus subolivaceus Pk.

Magnolia glauca L.
M. acuminata L.
Nuphar advena Att.

Hypericum Ascyron L.
Linum striatum Wait.

L. Virginianum L.
Erodium cicutarium L’ Her.
Geranium Carolinianum L.

Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd.

Vitis estivalis Ma.
Polygala polygama Walt.
P. senega L.

a> sanguinea L.
Lespedeza violacea Pers.
Vicia sativa L.

V. tetrasperma L.

V. Cracca L.

VY. Caroliniana Walt.
Cassia Marilandica L.
Prunus maritima Wang.
P. Persica B. & H.
Rubus neglectus Pk.

R. villosus Ait.

is Canadensis L.
Rosa blanda Ait.

R. lucida Ehrh.

Amelanchier Canadensis 7. & G.

Sedum acre L.
Drosera filiformis Raf.

_ Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt.

Lythrum Salicaria L.
Epilobium lineare Muhl.

E. adenocaulon Haussk.

(Enothera fruticosa L.
Opuntia vulgaris Mill.
Aralia trifolia D. & P.
Viburnum cassinoides L.
Cornus florida L.

Galium pilosum Ait.
G. circeezans Ma.
G. boreale L.

G. trifidum L.

SS ee ee ee SS

BER arenas oF THE STATE BOTANIST. O3
Peete. |! ae

| Nuphar Kalmianum Aité. Galium triflorum Mz. i
- Arabis hirsuta Scop. Solidago bicolor L. ut
A. perfoliata Lam. 3. humilis Pursh. ‘9 ¥
Nasturtium palustre DC. S. uliginosa Nutt. ee
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Ss. rugosa Mill. o
Lepidium intermedium Gr. S. juncea Ait. ‘
Hudsonia ericoides L. S. Canadensis L.
Viola sagittata A7t. Ss. nemoralis Ait.

_ Arenaria serpyllifolia L. S. lanceolata L. f
A. Caroliniana Walt. Sericocarpus conyzoides Nees. ;;
Buda rubra Dumont. S. solidagineus Nees, t rs

Aster Herveyi Gr.

A. corymbosus Ait. Bix,
A. patens Ait. pi
A. undulatus L. or
A. cordifolius L. y
A. levis L. i
A. diffusus Ait. : ‘i
A. paniculatus Lam. a
A. prenanthoides Muhl. K
A. puniceus L. i
Erigeron annuus Pers. Ms
EK. strigosus Muhl. iN
Gnaphalium purpureum ZL. -

Artemisia caudata Ma. %
Senecio aureus L.
Cnicus horridulus Pursh.

C. pumilus Torr.
Hieracium prealtum Viil.
isk venosum L. me

Sonchus asper Vill.
Lobelia spicata Lam.
Specularia perfoliata A. DC. r
Campanula rapunculoides L.
Rhododendron viscosum Torr.
Chimaphila maculata Pursh.
Primula Mistassinica Mx.
Lysimachia stricta Ait.

Anagallis arvensis L.

Fraxinus viridis Ma.

Asclepias incarnata L.

A. verticillata L.
Hydrophyllum Canadense L.
Verbascum Thapsus L.
Linaria vulgaris Mill. P
Mimulus moschatus Dougl.
Limosella aquatica L.

Veronica peregrina L.

Conopholis Americana Walir.
Lycopus Virginicus L.

‘ tk seo *. +
eet Se oe gt
Sie eco ete
_ - ‘

ee

=

Fs

Pad

a,

~ aH oa
= Pine

3 >

aA. a
eae Cae

nia SEK oe
es

‘ Sentellaca hee. “me

TANDDM IN

Mia galericulata L.
Plantago major L.
sak Rugelii Dec.
fe lanceolata L.
"ol Patagonica Jacq.

Chenopodium capitatum Wats.
She Bonus-Henricus L.

Rumex Patientia L.

R: verticillatus L.

an... obtusifolius L.
oe, Acetosella ZL.

Polygonum lapathifolium L.
P Pennsylvanicum L.

ik. -- amphibium ZL.
PS Persicaria L.
-: ‘acre H B K.
R. cilinode Ma.
Euphorbia Presslii Guss. .
_ Carya sulcata Nutt.
- Salix nigra Marsh.
lucida Muwhil.
fragilis L.
rostrata Rich.
petiolaris Sm.
cordata Muhl.
myrtilloides L.
ee ae spheroidea Spach.
Aplectrum hiemale Nutt.
Spiranthes cernua Rich.
Ss. Romanzoffiana Cham.

_ Pogonia pendula Lindl.

Habenaria lacera R. Br.
Aletris farinosa L.

Iris prismatica Pursh.
Sisyrinchium anceps Cav.
Clintonia borealis Raf. —
Lilium Philadelphicum ZL.
Trillium erectum L.
Heteranthera graminea Vahl.
Juncus marginatus Rostk.
Greenii O. &. T.
‘tenuis Willd.
Gerardi Loisel.
pelocarpus #. Meyer.
articulatus L.
militaris Bigel.
acuminatus Mx.
scirpoides Lam.
irerus strigosus LD.

HANNS

Seirus maritimus ste: ¥
Ss.
Ss.

S.

fluviatilis Gr.

polyphyllus Vahl.

silvaticus L.

Eriophorum cyperinum L.
Scleria pauciflora Muhl.
Carex intumescens Rudge.

angaaanaasgasaaaaaaanaananaaaaaeaaaa

lurida Wahl.
hystricina Muhl.
scabrata Schw.
vestita Willd.
filiformis L.
lanuginosa Ma.
stricta Lam.
torta Boott.
longirostris Torr.
arctata Boott.
Sullivantii Boott.
granularis Muhl.
conoidea Schk.
Hitchcockiana Dew.

lJaxifiora Lam.

digitalis Willd.
laxiculmis Schw.
plantaginea Lam.
eburnea Boott. ‘
varia Muhl.
Pennsylvanica Lam.
communis Bailey.
vulpinoidea Ma.
sparganioides Muhl..
Muhlenbergii Schk.
cephaloidea Dew.
cephalophora Muhl.
echinata Murr.
canescens L.
tribuloides Wahl.
scoparia Schk.
foenea Willd.

silicea Olney.
straminea Willd.

Spann’ juncea Willd.

S.

cynosuroides Willd.

Panicum virgatum L.

Pe
rs

dichotomum J.
Crus-galli L.

Setaria Italica Kunth.
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Oryzopsis asperifolia Ma.
Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin.

* |) A

‘Revort OF THE Grins BuTANIST.

eee dlvation T. &G.
t e M an: Willdenovii Trin.
ae _ Calamagrostis Canadensis Bu.
ate _ Agrostis alba L.
ns os A. __ secabra Willd.
-_ Deschampsia flexuosa T'rin.
a | ‘Trisetum subspicatum Bu.
_ Avena striata Mx.
“4 Bottasinin Pennsylvanica Gr.
3 Eragrostis Frankii Meyer.

~ . -Poaserotina Ehrh.
Ree P. trivialis L.

- -P.. debilis Torr.

_ P. _alsodes Gr.

i. ‘Glyceria obtusa Trin.
ee G. nervata Trin.

os

x > te fa
. oa

G. grandis Wats.
G. fluitans R. Br.
te acutiflora Torr.
Festuca elatior L.
Bromus Kalmii Gr.

_ _ Elymus Virginicus L.
‘irae Canadensis L.

fi 2 Equisetum limosum L.

_ Asplenium Filix-foemina Bernh.

KS _ Aspidium spinulosum Sw.

>

Lygodium palmatum Sw.
Botrychium ternatum Sw.
Amanita muscaria L.
Armillaria mellea Vahl.
Tricholoma terreum Scheeff.
Collybia radicata Rehl.
Pholiota discolor Pk.
Cortinarius pulchrifolius Pk.
Lactarius deceptivus Pk.
Polyporus cuticularis F’r.
Poria semitincta Pk.
Hydnum graveolens Del.
Porothelium fimbriatum Fr.
Thelephora Cladonia Schw.
Hymenochete tabacina Lev.

Hi, corrugata Lev.
Corticium incarnatum Lev.

G radiosum F’r.

C. subaurantiacum Pk,

Ceratium hydnoides A. «& S.
Plasmopara viticola B. & D.
Monilia fructigena Pers.
Macrosporium commune Rabh.
Cladosporium herbarum Lk.
Cryptospora suffusa fF’.

Ey (B.)

aa | ‘CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
ce. Mrs. E. G. Britton, New York, N. Y.

Zygodon conoideus Dicks.

Mrs. D. B. Fitch, Norwich, N. Y.

q oo ass ie Sw.

4 } Miss Bessie Grinnan, Madison Mills, Va.

¥ Calostoma Berkeleyi Mass.

Rev. J. H. Wibbe, Schenectady, N. Y.

Mimulus moschatus Doug.
Polygonum cuspidatum S. & Z.

4 | Chrysanthemum segetum L.
- Artemisia serrata Nutt.

____Erodium Cicutarium L’ Her Eragrostis Frankii Meyer.
} es Rev. J. L. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y. .
i Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt., var. | Limosella aquatic -L., var. tenuifolia
% limosum Torr. Hoffm.
‘
Ff . . Geo. F. Atkinson, Auburn, Ala.

Uredo Fici Cast.
Ramularia areola Atk.
Cercospora Bolleana Speg.

; : ‘Hypocrella tuberiformis B. & Br.
_ Microsphezria calocladophora Atk.
' -Ravenelia Cassizecola Atk.

in
~

Sia => AM eee eS a
z : RS Rae Sees
Pa ee ee ee ee ae a ee 3

—-
Ae

Se

eh:
a ae

Wad

Ss. M. Tracy, Bhoricville, Miss. :
‘Phyllosticta ulmicola Sacc. | Melampsora Quercus Schr sid
Vermicularia affinis S. & B. M. Hydrangez Burr.

oA

_ Dinemasporium graminum Lev. _ | Helminthosporium Ravenelii B.
-Gloeosporium nervisequum Sace. Entyloma Physalidis Wint. —
Ustilago Uniole EH. & E. Cercospora grisea C. & E. Wi
Uromyces Dactylidis Ott. C. . gossypina Cke.
i Puccinia ylobosipes Pk. C. cruenta Sace.
PP rubigovera Wint. Wes ' macroguttata Atk.
Lat emaculata Schw. C. erythrogena Atk. — (oo9
ze. coronata Cd. Erysiphe communis F7. oes
iP? Conoclinii Seym. Microspheeria Alni Wint. es
log Anthoxanthi £ckl. Sphzerotheca lanestris Hark. pid NS
Phragmidium speciosum Fv. Pseudopeziza Medicaginis Tib. 2
Ravenelia Cassizecola Atk. Acrospermum compressum Tode. — ste
Aicidium Oldenlandianum E£. & T. | . ne Fine
é EK. C. Howe, Lansingburgh, N. Y. Bes a
Carex hystricina Muhl. Agrostis perennans Tuck. se ph an
% C. _ tribuloides Wahi, A. vulgaris With. Ley rae
fe ; C. _ lurida Waal. | Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Rc ae
_-—~—~—s Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin. heaoers
ae : G. H. Hicks, Agricultural College, Mich. | 5
a Excipula Hicksiana FE. & EH. Dendryphium corticola LE. & E. ea ene
te _ -Morchella bispora Sor. Verpa digitaliformis Pers. ne aa
: A. P. Morgan, Preston, Ohio. cae i
Bovista minor Morg. | Hymenochete purpurea CO. & M. en
eee Bovistella Ohiensis L. & M.
es M. A, Howe, Berkeley, Cal. shar ?
ane Glceosporium Pteridis Hark.
S. H. Burnham, Vaughns, N. Y. fie eo y,
Fiypert icum pyramidatum Az7t. Blitum Bonus-Henricus Reich. .
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. , Houstonia purpurea L.
i Cardamine pratensis L. Aplectrum hiemale Nutt.
Blephilia ciliata Raf.
J. Dearness, London, Can.
Phyllosticta Dirce FE. & D. Clypeospheeria ulmicola 2. & #
Ky RE: staphylina D. Spherella Epilobii Sace.
) Ceriosporella Dearnessii EL. & E. Otthia Ostryigena HE. & E.
: Micropera Fraxini #. & FE. Thyridium Americanum FL. & E.
ae Botrytis epichloris HL. & D. Cucurbitaria ulmicola Fckl.
be Puccinia Pimpinelle Lh. Diaporthe aliena #. & HE.
| Pezicula carpinea Pers. D. tuberculosa Sace. ;
Melampsori chionea Ir. D. spicata E. & E.
¢ Anthostomella mammoides HL, & EF. D. claviceps E. & EF.
. Melanconis salicina #. & E.
i W. T. Davis, New Brighton, N. Y. 4
Quercus Brittoni Davis, Populus heterophylla L. } a

Q. nigra L.

Galiun Bee eeimticam Stell.

Ranunculus septentrionalis L.

-“Aquilegia vulgaris ZL.

eon Virginicum L.

+ Viola delphinifolia Le Conte.

Ai ce Acer spicatum Lam.

| : OA. Pennsylvamicum L.

i can * ——_—___——_

nt Reectes argenteus Che.
Ustilago Hordei K. & S.

_ _Uromyces Spraguez Hark.

* eS. Zygadeni Pk.

ee kU, Eriogoni ZL. & H.

yo. Euphorbiz C. & P.

oe vty. borealis Pk.

nt:

fu me Glycyrrhize R. & M.

a awit a Polygoni Pers.

: mirabillissima Pk.

consimilis E. & E.

Gayophyti Pk.

Phragmitis Korn.

Menthe Pers.

Tanaceti DC.

intermixta Pk.

* rubigovera Wint.
Grindeliz Pk.

Troximontis Pk.

4 Balsamorrhize Pk.

: Giliz Hark.

i Y Malvastri Pk.

¢ mutabilis FE. & £.

ik Hieracii Mart.
Helianthi Schw.

3 Jonesii Pk.

4 Phragmidium Potentille Karst

’ : : 1 7 = > F
gesnesanenesnsnsnny

Rubi-Idzei Karst.
Ptestmpeors Lini Tul.

se We

3

i farinosa Schreet.
Fi Biirtaransorella Cerastii Schreet.
" € Oronartium asclepiadeum F’.

N. rte Britton, New York, N. Y.
| Rubus Millspaughii Britton.

subcorticium Wint.

Vicia hirsuta Koch.

Zizia aurea Koch.

Osmorhiza longistylis Torr.
Erigeron bellidifolius Muhl.
Senecio aureus L.

Tussilago Farfara L.
AXcidium gaurinum Pk.
Convallariz Schum.
porosum Pk,

Ellisii 7. & G.
hemisphzricum Pk.
Thalictri Grev.
monoicum Pk.
Urtice Wint.
Plantaginis Ces.
Eurotias E. & EL.
Cleomis E. & A.

ea Ue as

Pini Pers.
Uredo Polypodii DC.
Reestelia cornuta Fr.

_ | Cystopus candidus Lev.

C. cubicus DeBy.
Ramularia arnicalis E. & E.
Cercospora Thalize EF. & E.
Peziza scabrovillosa Phil.
Mollisia Montanensis E. & E.
Lachnella flammea A. & S.
'Claviceps purpurea Jul.
Tapesia fusca Pers.

Erysiphe communis Fr.

K. graminis DC.

E. Cichoracearum DC.
Spherotheca Castagnei Lev.
Uncinula Salicis Wint.
Physalospora megastoma Pk.
P; aurantia LE. & G.
Rosellinia obliquata Sacc.

Teichospora mammoides #.& £.

_48cidium Clematidis DC. Phyllachora Heraclei Fr.
a EB. Allenii Clint. P. Potentillze Schw.
E AB. Violee Schum. Pr: Wittrockii Sace.
/ Be C. L. Shear, Alcove, N. Y.

- Carex intumescens Rudge.
HG 28 sparganioides Muhl.
©. ~— Sullivantii Boott.

_ were - brmeronn by Prof. Britton.

Botrychium ternatum Sw.
Amanita ceesarea Scop.
Urocystis Waldsteiniz Pk.

-*The following are specimens of fungi from the collection of the late Ff. W. Anderson. They

Compositarum Mart. —

iy
*

=4 An

ie W. Herbst, Trexlertown, Pa. iba)
; - Phallus Ravenelii B. & ae: | Queletia mirabilis Hei: We aS

; Ww. Falconer, Glen ae NG:
cae Agaricus subrufescens Pk.

C. F. Millspaugh, Waverly, Nye
-Oylindrocolla Dendroctoni Pk.

John E. Coventan

/

ie fasciated ear of corn, Zea Mays L.

ee ke E. H. Savage, Keeseville, N. Y.

[:

Sand inerusted specimen of fungus, Polyporus fomentarius Pr. !

Prof. James Hall, Albany, N. Y.

Four-headed flower of dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Web. on a og
stout or fasciated scape. .

(C).

ieee ‘SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
3

Papaver somniferum J.

aires aannde Albany county. September. Cultivated for ©
ment but often self-seeding and _ sparingly par from
cultivation. #

Prunus eres UM

i << dussex oenine The sour cheer is sometimes spontaneous
roadsides and near farm-houses. ,

st Prunus domestica J. |

Amagansett, Suffolk county. An apparently starved or degen- .
erate form of the cultivated plum grows in sandy soil in this
Ma locality. It assumes a straggling bush-like form three to four” am
feet high, or ina few instances six to eight feet. The taller 4
Bis. specimens were seen on the north side of the road leading from vs
_-- Amagansett to Easthampton. The leaves on the spurs are about
oe six aes long and three lines broad. Those on the branches are
ca about one inch long and half as wide. On the most thrifty
shoots they scarcely exceed one and a half inch in ie

Flowers and fruit not seen.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 99

Rosa humilis Marsh.
_ This rose, which had been previously united with PR. lucida, is

considered a distinct species in the last edition of Gray’s Manual.
Its most prominent distinguishing features are its shorter stems,

straight slender spines, narrow stipules and lobed outer sepals.

_ These characters, however, are somewhat variable, so that individ-

_ uals occur, which connect the two in such a way as to show that

~

they are not very sharply limited. This is the most common species

_ about Albany. It is abundant on Mount Defiance, near Ticon-

deroga, and is quite variable there. One noteworthy form has
the spines nearly wanting, the leaflets numerous and small, gen-
erally eight or nine lines long, and the pedicels and calyx tube
as glabrous as in &. blanda. From R. blanda it may be sepa-
rated by the presence of an occasional spine and by the decidu-
ous sepals. Can it be a cross between ZL. blanda and PR. humilis,
both of which occur in this locality? 2. humilis appears to be

- equally at home on rocky, clayey or sandy soil. It is abundant
in the eastern part of Long Island.

Rosa Sayi Schw.
I refer to this species, specimens collected near Westport, Essex

county, in June. The essential characters of the species are

shown, but in some cases only partially or slightly. The serru-

_ late teeth of the leaflets are not always present, and their resin-

ous-puberulent character is sometimes very slight. The stems

are always very prickly, and often the branches also. The

ee a> ees

prickles are sometimes intermingled with straight, slender spines,
and the stipules, which are either narrow or dilated, are pretty

constantly and distinctly glandular-ciliate. The leaflets are more
_ rounded or obtuse at the base than in 2. blanda, from which it is
é separated by the characters just mentioned, although its variation

_ from typical 7. Sayz seems to be in the direction of P. blanda.
In the Manual the species is credited from Northern Michigan
and Wisconsin to Minnesota and Colorado. Possibly it may have
‘been introduced into our locality from the west, but it is well

established both north and west from Westport, and has been
here many years.

Rosa Engelmanni Watson.
Fruiting specimens of a rose very similar to the preceding

“Species were collected several years ago at the base of Mount

100

| Porrr-sixra Revorr on THE 8 ATE

il a

Beis: Pivei ies. near ticondendeat They differ ee wee 7
shape of the fruit, which is distinctly longer than broad.

V4 : Rubus Millspaughii Britton.

i ~ Hamilton inky J te see
| The glabrous character of this species separates it from sian!
forms of Rubus vellosus var. Heh a nae The De co

lected by myself have a few weak spines. F wpe

Rubus setosus Bigel. | ake ‘a a

Common in the southern and western part of the Adirondack
region. Morehouseville and Lake Pleasant, Hamilton oaten
Old Forge or “ Brown Tract,’ Herkimer county, ong Cae ; q
Fulton county. July and August. 4

This plant was previously reported by meas Rubus hispida : 3
var. suberectus, but later observations led me to the belief that it
is a distinct species. Professor Britton agrees with me in this —
belief, and thinks it belongs to the speci3s under which I have 5
now placed it, and with the originally published description of |
which it agrees very well, except that its ripe fruit is black
instead of red, as in Bigelow’s plant. Doctor Torrey,in N. Y.State
Flora, regarded Bigelow’s plantas a variety of Rubus hispidusand
abbreviated the description too much to make it satisfactory. —
The specimen which he placed in the Herbarium as a representa-—
tive of this plant is clearly a,mere form of 2. hispedus.

£2. setosus, as here understood, is quite plentiful in the localities
mentioned and evidently delights in the soil of mixed sand and_
gravel which is common in that region. I observed the past
season that it had taken possession of the old neglected garden of ©
Arnold house, Fulton Chain, and was apparently fast overrun-
ning the whole area.. It thrives better on dry upland than in wet.
swampy places, though it occasionally appears in such localities.
Theold abandoned fields and pastures of the region mentioned are
most congenial toit. Unthrifty specimens of it were seen on the
summit of Bald mountain near Third lake. In no case have I
found it associated with PR. hispidus, which is strangely absent or |
scarce in this whole region. The fruit is ripe in August. It is —

|
|

5 O! Be davtborri. R en or ‘of the leafy biekharee
ee s blackberry.

Galium Kamtschaticum ‘tell. /

yun eee August. Britton. The specimens are in
The at Sie be distin-

¥

> ae

nea ae Rev. J. H. Wibbe.

Artemisia serrata. Nutt.

ne onks of the Mohawk, three miles below the aqueduct and ‘a
D aposite Rock island. August. W¢dbe. pt

ce Lactuca hirsuta Wuhi.
Rocky hillsides. Whitehall. June.

£4 Blephilia ciliata Raf.
_ Vaughn’s, Washington county.. S. H. Burnham.

Polygonum cuspidatum 8. ¢& Z.

~ Banks of the Mohawk below the aqueduct, Schenectady county.
e ug _ Webbe. Introduced as an ornamental plant, but some-
times escaping from cultivation.

Mf Quercus Brittoni Davis.
a _ Watchogue, Richmond county. September. W. 7. Dawis.
Mr. Davis considers this oak to be a hybrid between Quercus

h eid
zy

ax and Q. eae

+
ana |

k

ies eae |

_axil of the uppermost leaf.

-ous, becoming obscurely spotted with age, flesh white; lamella

"Scirpus Recker ‘Briton!

“Take Pleasant, Hamilton County. August. _ |
in this locality in 1875. It was again ‘collect ed
but in a new station. It was reported last yea
the name Seirpus polyphyllus var. macrostachys, Pre
_ Britton has recently published it as a distinct species, and ;
it is now reported. It certainly is quite distinct from. our ordin:
forms of 8. polyphyllus. Specimens sometimes occur in which
cluster of spikelets is borne on a long pedicel issuing from

Panicum nitidum Mz. ji
Sandy soil near Riv erhead. July. |

Paice laxiflorum Lam. — +
_ With the preceding species. July.

Zygodon conoideus Dicks.

Base of a birch tree. Adirondack mountains. gee E @ a“
Britton. The ey is sterile. |

Tricholoma serratifolium n. Sp.

Pileus fieshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, often irregular, 1
silky or flocculose- Seales. white, often slightly tinged ene!
brown or yellowish-brown in the center, flesh white or whitish,
taste at first mild, then acrid; lamelle broad, close, adnexed, _
serrate or eroded on the edge, white; stem short, stout, solid, ie 1
white; spores broadly elliptical or cinelons .0002 to 00024 j In,
long, .0002 broad. i.

Pits “2 2 to 4 in. broad; stem about 1 in. long, 3 to 6 Tec)
thick. 7

Woods. Shokan. September. 4

This is apparently related to such species as 7. psammopodum : a
and 7: impolitum, but distinct from them in color and in the
character of the lamella. | ey

t

Tricholoma submaculatum ~. sp. “W

Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in MN
the center; glabrous, brownish, sometimes tinged with ferrugin- —

bi ee ice noe Wy

I 7
wih Ms
Moy APO ERR Mee oe
we a a my its ‘ ~)
mal %

.

v q
: ~ thin, iba, white, otic d orange-red or saffron color where
es wounded or bruised; stem solid, silky-fibrillose, white, often a
decumbent or padiediade at the base; spores minute, broadly .
— elliptical or subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long, .00016 broad. %
____ Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick. t
Borders of woods. Shokan. September. e
_ The species may easily be recognized by the obscurely spotted |

ae pileus and by the peculiar color assumed by any part of the plant Mi
, where cut or bruised. The spots indicate an affinity with the Me
tribe Guttata, but inasmuch as the specimens were collected in a :

dry time, the pileus did not exhibit the moist character to be
expected in members of that tribe.

Clitocybe albidula x. sp. | Be:
Pileus thin, at first convex, then umbilicate or centrally ; bY
depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, pale grayish-brown and |
finely striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish when dry ;
lamelle close, adnate or slightly decurrent, dingy-white; stem vf
short, glabrous or slightly pruinose, hollow, colored like the 4
_ pileus; spores minute, elliptical, 10016 to .0002 in. long, .0001. to
00012 broad.
=e) e-F ileus about 1 in. broad; stem 1 in. long, 1 to.1.5 lines thick. © “(3
Under pine trees. Delmar. September. a.
Related to C. candicans, from which it is distinguished by its é
more dingy color and by its decided farinaceous odor. The
margin of the young pileus is whitened by a pruinosity or a oy
minute white villosity.
‘ Clitocybe revoluta x. sp.
b. Densely cespitose; pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous,
whitish and slightly striatulate on the margin when moist, white :
when dry, the thin margin commonly and irregularly revolute ;
lamella thin, narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent ; stem i:
giabrous, solid when young, stuffed or somewhat hollow when —
___ old, whitish ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long.
Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Woods. Alcove, Albany county. September.
This plant forms dense tufts of considerable extent and com-
posed of many individuals. In these tufts the pileus is more or
less irregular with the margin wavy and revolute. Occasionally

Collybia ochroleuca n. Sp.

‘ Pileus thin, convex, then umbilicate or centrally dep s
on glabrous, pale ochraceous, flesh white, taste farinaceous ; lamell
broad, subdistant, rounded behind or emarginate, wi ‘st
firm, slender, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pilev
spores elliptical, .00024 to .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick. —
be Woods. Shokan. Sopennen Related to @. esculenta, but :
“ - distinct by its umbilicate or depressed pileus and its farinaceous _
odor and taste. ¢ ak

a Mycena hemispheerica x. sp. ee
fe Pileus thin; firm, heraispherical, glabrous, hygrophanous,
_ brownish and striatulate when moist, gray or a
when dry ; lamelle subdistant, arcuate, adnate, livid-white ; stem —
glabrous, hollow, livid-white; spores broadly elliptical, 00016 to.

=> .0002 in. long, .00012 broad. « . pes :
___ Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 fs a
- thick. ce ne
Mossy prostrate ‘runes of trees in woods. Fulton Chain. i aa
_ August. See.

o* 7 ‘The species belongs to the tribe Rigidipedes. It is distin- —
| guished from J. galericulata by its hemispherical hygrophanous ©
pileus, the character and color of tee lamellz and by its smaller
‘spores. It is gregarious or subcespitose in its mode of growth.

,

Mycena rugosa /7*.
Woods. Shokan. September.

Entoloma nidorosum /7’. |
Woods. Shokan. September. moe :
Our specimens differ from the type in having the stem solid Sa
and the lamellz adnate. For the present I designate them as

Var. solidipes.
Tubaria canescens 7. sp.

Pileus very thin, almost membranous, convex, grayish-white or
canescent, coated with minute whitish fibrils or appressed tomen-
tum; lamell distant, decurrent, cinnamon color; stem slender,

j ‘

whitish, Abaillose, with a. wate hoa at the base ; spores

A:
- elliptical .00024 in. long, .00016 broad, often containing a eae

% Pilens 2 to 3 lines broad; stem 6 to 8 lines long.

ies Damp naked soil in woods. Selkirk. July.

ak This is a very small species closely allied to Tubaria auto-
chthona, from which it is separated by the shape and color of the
pa pileus, the decidedly decurrent lamellz and the fibrillose stem.
q _As in that species, the spores are unusually pale. The dry pileus

4 is distantly sulcate or striate.

fibrillose or minutely and obscurely squamulose, varying in color

_ from whitish or grayish to dull reddish-brown, flesh white,

Be atneeable ; lamellze close, free, at first white or yellowish-
white, then pinkish, finally blackish-brown; stem minutely floc-

~-culose below the annulus, hollow, white, somewhat thickened or

bulbous at the base; the annulus membranous, white, externally
flo eculose; the mycelium white, forming slender branching root-
% like strings; spores elliptical, brown, .00024 to .00028 in. long,
+ .00016 to .0002 broad.
aS _Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 6 in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Leaf mold. Glen Gove. October. W. Falconer. Also culti-
a vated,
Boe Ti Hie form of the young pileus and in its.color in the reddish
b tinted specimens, also in the white color of the young lamella,
\ this species makes an approach to A. campestris var. rufescens,
but unlike that variety the wounded flesh does not become red.
From typical A. campestris it differs in manv respects — in the
thin flesh, the color of the young lamellse, the character of the
-stem and its annulus and in its mycelium. It resembles more
closely A. placomyces and A. silvaticus, but from the former it
"may be separated by the shape of the pileus and the more obscure
_ character of its scales and by its annulus, from the latter, by the
%. color of the pileus and the young lamelle and also by the annulus,
"which i is externally floccose-squamulose and also not distant as in
that species.

14

RS 3

% is Agaricus subrufescens 7. sp.

__ Pileus rather thin and fragile, at first deeply hemispherical,
bs é
PS - then convex or broadly eee: often wavy or irregular, silky-

4
r aie
,
a tk
q
:
a
we
ave
cap)
as
? ss
4
‘i
:
Pe Oe
be cr
5 oe
4 ’
any
;
ere
gh
*
f int
SG
is
LNG
As

Beis

~

ear sean
RS A ae

Be On fy
=

a

prs. 4

it, ee y

five growing augue well in 1 sunshine and i in ‘she

- pileus i Ghee ae grown in the Heht | The n m
_ appear in twenty-four to thirty days after the plantin, ng
oo which is about ye weeks earlier than in the case

oy early Rae ante and ‘ability to endure warm weather it
ait re on the common mushroom. :

Hypholma aggregatum 7. sp. er:
a Densely cwspitose ; pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, gra,

ish-white, obscurely spotted with appressed brownish fibril cy
NS _lamellee 7 eae rounded behind, nearly free, at ik t whit :

hollow, somewhat floccose or abalioes shitee ; spores es brown,
4 75 ee kee’

gga long,
fee elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
“=. Pileus about 1 in. coh stem 2 to 3 in. long, 1.5 to 2 lines: at
et thick. | S %
‘At the base of trees and stumps in woods. Alcove. Bogie Spi
The cawspitose habit and obscurely spotted grayish-white pileus ;
are marked features of this species. From JZ. sélvestre the species 4
‘may be distinguished by its smaller size, adnexed or nearly free”
lamellz, which have no rosy tint, and by its very ae a mode |

of growth.’
h Deconica bryophila x. sp. ee
Pileus thin, membranous on the margin, subconical, becoming _
convex or nearly plane, glabrous, hygrophanous, chestnut color —
a. or dark brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, creamy-—
| white, grayish-white or pale brown when dry and often distinctly —
striate on the margin ; lamellze broad, distant, adnate or slightly —
decurrent, plane or ventricose, at first pale-brown, then ae
He brown; stem slender, slightly silky-fibrillose when young, stuffed
or hollow, pallid or brow n; spores brown, elliptical, .0003_ ine 4

eat

long, .0002 broad.
es Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad ; stem 8 to 12 lines long.

Sandy soil among mosses. Delmar and Karner. May.

as striate on the eaten: vith tinged ae? brown ; :

liz broad, distant, adnate, purplish-brown; stem slender,

n, hollow, bulbous, both it and the bulb densely grayish- pes

Dead stems of herbs. Delmar. September.
SS Baits eae Sass the a ae one in size, but it

Coprinus arenatus 2. sp.

S Pilous thin, at first broadly ovate or subhemispheric il, soon
ee “onvex or campanulate, adorned with small white tomentose
scales, striate on the margin, whitish or grayish-white, becoming ©
Be hrown with age; lamelle broad, crowded, free, grayish-
_ white, soon purplish-brown, finally black, furnished with numer- —
ous: eopecting hyaline cystidia; stem short, equal, glabrous,
Ph hollow, white ; spores broadly ovate or subglobose, black in the
= mass, purplish-brown by’ transmitted light, .0003 to .00035 in.
long, .00025 to .0008 broad.
a Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
oe ‘Solitary or gregarious, growing on sandy soil recently overrun
4s i by fire. Karner. May.

_ The mycelium binds the sand together in a globular mass at:
Ft base of the stem. The scales of the pileus are easily sepa-
ee and soon disappear. The marginal striations extend half

| way or more toward the center. The long cystidia give a pecu-
a ar appearance to the lamella, and in the fea plant they may

be seen extending across the interspaces. The species belongs to
: E _ the section Tomentosi and is remarkable for its peculiar habitat.

a i | Forre-srxrr ee TR
ter. Woods. Shokan. Kopin Our specimens _
i cid, nor did wounds of the flesh and lamella turn red,
cs respects they correspond so well to the figure and dese

es of this species that we dare not separate them. : ve

'

Russula adusta /”.

“Sandy soil | in pine woods. Delmar. Sep oy 2

Aa LR. nigricans or PR. sordida, and they are less. digponed
turn black in drying. . 3 Se
ees Merulius Corium /r. \

Decorticated wood of deciduous trees. Poiveville, Uste r
county. September.
+ In our specimens the ue are tally resupinate, aaa
raflexed, or they have a well developed pileus. In this case the |
pileus is villous, concentrically suleate and white. The hyme- —
nium also is somewhat concentrically suleate. European authors
do not agree in their descriptions of the size and shape of the
spores of this species. In our specimens they are oblong: or °

: f lanceolate, .0003 in. long, .00012 broad.

a Merulius serpens Zode. eel
es | | Decaying wood and branches. Lake Pleasant. August. ‘a
coer 4 e AS
a - Odontia lateritia B.& C. i
ue Interior of prostrate much-decayed trunks of deciduous trees, — 4
aang | apparently birch, chestnut and oak. Fulton Chain. August. iq
Shokan. September. , eae
E aa Under their description of this species, Berkeley a Curtis a
bag remark that Phlebia hydnoidea Schweinitz is apparently the same — 4
re _ thing. So far as our specimens are concerned Schweinitz’s iy
description is far more complete and satisfactory than that of
3 ; Berkely and Curtis, although the fungus is more closely allied to , Ee

Odontia than to Phlebia. It forms extensive patches, creeping over q
the surface and following the inequalities of the wood. Although —
the substance is quite thick it is not separable from the matrix. rs

os
ae
WO)

or <7 the fresh iene is a Soins orange, “put it faded in oe Bis
so that it may not inaptly be called brick red. The
men “ warts or protuberances : are sometimes arranged in lines

In drying, the surface becomes more or less aa SO-

: ‘Thelephora eahhadces | N. SP. .
Resupinate, incrusting, running over fallen leaves and twigs
ae a suborbicular patches one to three inches broad, thin,

: y Ory, ee aeons, sometimes with a slight whitish —

cad stems of “nee laurel, Katniia eee.
E "Shokan. September.
_ This is apparently related to such species as C. deglubens and
¢ secedens, but differmg from both of these in its inseparable ~
y "character.

ah

“Al
a
ho

Exobasidium Vaccinii Wor.

i

Living leaves of bearberry, Arctostaphylos Hoven River-
a a July.

a Tylostoma mammosum /*.

Bee ey, soil. Delmar. October. <A rare species.
x

of Tylostoma campestre Morg.
y - Sandy soil. West Albany. November.

3
m]

ar

¥
| a
OF
q

ey _ Lycoperdon hirtum Mart.
aa Bega écticn and Catskill mountains. This was formerly
3 shape by me with Z. atropurpureum, from which it scarcely
2 iffers except in its aa peridium and cord-like root.

=

ANA

A 4

_ narrowly obovate conidia are quite characteristic. — LAE

70:

" Lyeepentin apa. Dd. é :
N orth Greenbush and West Albany.

e

Ly eouceden perlatum Pers.

Pereireran, Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Angustan cath i
“September. Following the illustrious Fries, I formerly included
this with ZL. gemmatum, but it is so well marked by the prevail-

A ing form of the peridium and especially by the character of oo
spines of the cortex that it seems best to consider it a dist c

species.
Lycoperdon Ourtisii Berk.

Ground by roadside. Guilderland. October.

Didymium proximum B. é C. ae
- Fallen twigs and leaves of pine. Lake Pleasant. August.

?

Physarum contextum Lost.
Bark of trees. Fulton Chain. August.

Peronospora Linarice Feki.

Living stems and leaves of Canadian toadflax, Linaria Cana- i
densis. Riverhead. July. This fungus is described as pure —
white, but in our specimens the patches have a dirty-white or q
grayish hue often with a slight violaceous tint. The ee and

Phyllosticta. Dioscoreze Che. e , it

Living leaves of yam, Dioscorea villosa. Riverhead. July. —
Var. grisea. Spots gray with a narrow reddish-brown margin;
perithecia epiphyllous, numerous,. black; spores globose or ovoid.

s

Phoma vulgaris Sace,

Dead stems of long-fruited anemone, Anemone cylindrica. —
Delmar. June. The spores in our plant are slightly smaller
than in the type. Soa

Macrophoma versabilis 7%. sp. i

Perithecia scattered, irregular, globose or compressed and hys- |
teriiform, erumpent or subsuperficial, black; spores oblong-ellip- id
tical, colorless, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .00038 aie os d
sporophores generally shorter than the spores. a

atte

, intermediate in character between M. dryina and ie
nervisequa, having spores like those of the former and perl.
cia somewhat ghee those of the latter. |

Spheronema Loniceré 7. sp.

Ee:
rowed above into a rostrum about as long as the diameter of the

a perithecium, black ; spores numerous, ltiptical or oblong, color-

4 in wet ator and ane a ite i ste slobule:
: vias stems of hairy honeysuckle, Lonecera hirsuta. ‘poe

2 June.
p Re “This is easily distinguished from Sphwrographium Tonsrere
Which has fusiform curved Se is spores.

he } Septoria Trailiana Succ.

ie Living leaves of self-heal, Brunella vulgaris. Menands.

* ag #59. Micropera Nemopanthis x. sp.

_ Perithecia densely and prominently ceespitose, minute, black,
eo "opening on the application of moisture and revealing the whitish,
q gelatinous contents; spores subfiliform, curved or sigmoid, taper-
Tua toward each aa 0016 to .0024 in. long; sporophores short:
Dead branches of mountain holly, Wemopanthes Canadensis.

kat May.

Gloeosporium Platani Oud.

Living or languishing leaves of sycamore, Platanus occidentalis.
eiickan September.

This is quite distinct from G. nerviseguwm, both in habit and.
in the size and color of the acervuli.

) Sieompavinin aibaabider Sacc.
Fruit of tomato. Menands. September.

Gloeosporium fructigenum Berk.

On grapes. Menands. September and October.
‘This is destructive to the fruit, causing it to decay.

is. ‘ie Perithecia numerous, scattered uniformly, small, .009 to .012 in. | :
bb road, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, nar-

Cee eae n. ‘sp. oe *

Spots numerous, subelliptical, sometimes conftuent, ‘

0004 ito .0008 in. on cont 00016 ian
Living or languishing leaves of sweet flag, Acorus. Cal
Sandlake. September. |

The spots, in size and shape, resemble thoes of Tromyce a
pyriformis. They are sometimes slightly whitened in the center ng
by the confluence of the tufts of spores. | “ae ee

Urocystis Waldsteiniz n. sp. : oe :
5 ae Sori large, oblong, following the nerves of the leaf, commonly “
near the margin and nearly parallel to each other, surrounded —
wae by the ruptured epidermis, black; spores not easily eee
three to six or more in a ips the central and peripheral ;
similar, subglobose or elliptical, often angular, .0005 to .0006 inch —
long, .0004 to .0005 broad, the secre very unequal in size

and in the number of component spores. :

| Living leaves of barren strawberry, Waldsteinia Fragarioies, ne
y Rey |

Alcove. June. (. L. Shear. Pons:

This species is apparently closely allied to U. /% ‘Lipenduleo, Ted
_ seems to connect Urocystis with Thecaphora and to be ambiguous
between these two genera. When there are but three sporesina
glomerule the central one is usually larger than the others. |
3 Specimens of this fungus have also been received from Pro- i
Be, tessor Dearness, of London, Canada. | | 4

ae Re. oe
e

Cryptospora Goeppertiana /tuhn.

tt Living stems and branches of Canadian blueberry, Vaccinium —
Oanadense. Fulton Chain. August. Also on the same host —
4 and on swamp blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum. Sandlake. —
y September. : coe
: This fungus is destructive to its host. The affected branches
appear to live but one year. Their leaves are dwarfed in size or
wholly obliterated, the branches themselves are generally unnatu--
rally multiplied, and appear to form tufts or clusters, and they .
: are unusually thick or swollen and their tissues greatly changed,
Sometimes they are much twisted, curved or contorted, but more 4

.
;
F
4

ey are straight and erect. hee bdlow Gey are ofte en fae be
rown or chestnut. I have never seen any fruit on _an a
ed branch. : | : “a.

Acidium idan N. Sp.

Ee, ing fe pliat ae a with ee spermogones oni 4

a

ee eae el crowded, short; spores globose. ver-
Karner.
| Uredo Chimaphilee n. Sp. 7
ae Ps ~ Spots none; sori chiefly hypophyllous, scattered or crowded, a —
_ long time covered by the epidermis, yellow or pale-orange ; spores.
narrowly ovate oblong or subelliptical, 001 to .0012 in. long,
. 005 to: .0007 broad. — ? a
_ Living leaves and flowers of spotted wintergreen, Chimaphila ae
ota. Amagansett. July.
The fungus seems to kill the leaves it attacks.
Si

Cylindrium elongatum Bon.

Fallen leaves of.chestnut. Shokan. September.
as

Cylindrium griseum Bon. Ee!

‘Fallen leaves of chestnut-oak, Quercus Primus. Shokan. Sep-
tember. Much like the preceding species, but distinguished by
‘ : its gray color. |
Verticillium spherophilum ~. sp.
Vero minutely and stellately tufted, white, sparingly
_ branched; branches one to three at a node, rather long, gradu-
ally tapering upward; spores elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00015 —
— ered. Bag)
On Hypoxylon coceineum. Shokan. September.
_ The Verticillium appears to develop from the ostiola of its host.

. \
a Sipe? 3 ca peebaerna nd. og

_ this one appears to attack the living tissues of the grain. The ei

coating of filaments which give a moldy appearance to the exposed —

oot and a anne. Head tac 0001. to
— colored like but paler than the hyphee. |
On a thick stratum of mycelium of some e wood i
fhe a Adirondack mountains. J a ce

Seer

Zygodesmus ive Saecs

“es August.

Cladosporium Zee n. sp.

‘Mycelial filaments colorless, branched, creeping —
tissues of the abt and causing the epidermis to Tupte he

Interwoven ae forming a pees reen velvety stratum ; spore :

very variable, globose elliptical or oblong, .00016 to. 0008 in

long, continuous or at length with one to three septa. ery :

Unripened grains of Indian corn, Zea Mays. Menands. :
ee S|

7 ‘September. | ORO a

The species of Cladosporium are generally saprophytes, but ap

kernel ruptures at the apex, revealing its white starchy contents, —
which are soon overspread by agrayish-green or olivaceous nue

brs,

surface. The rupture widens and the contents gradually dis-

x

appear till the grain is deeply excavated. ee fungus is a peculiar a
- peeve an injurious one. a By
Napicladium gramineum %. sp. veh ee

‘Spots brown, soon elongated and confluent, often occupying
the whole leaf; tufts minute, punctiform, black, the hyphe short,

crowded, somewhat nodulose above; spores clavate, haying one _

to three septa, .0012 to .0024 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad. } , 4
Living leaves of rough meadow grass, Poa trivialis, Delmav. 4
June. aie

This fungus is evidently a harmful one. It kills the leaves —
attacked by it. It differsfrom WV. arundinaceum in its punctiform — fe
habit and narrower spores. rar eae

Ce et ‘ ‘ 3
S mumerous, scien cxespitose, .02 to .03 in. long, pinta

ish, glabrous ; head minute, subglobose, pellucid-white ;
28 oblong, often slightly narrowed toward one end, .0005 to

eibistoncd cut Nations of a birel stump, Betula lutea. Lake

as ant. August. :
The mycelium permeates a gelatinous stratum which over- |
p reads the wood. The species is distinguished from 8. macro-.
- carp by its white capitulum and more narrow spores.

a 4 i pr
de t Coremium glaucum /”.
Fallen acorns. Shokan. September.

_ This is considered by some to be a mere form of Penicillium
= giasoon from which it differs in having a stem composed of —

compacted filaments.

~ Fusarium viticolum Thum.

4g o e Bee pce Menands. September.

a

ie. i - Our specimens differ from the type in the smaller superficial —
a gee and in the longer and more acutely pointed spores. He
_ They constitute a new variety if not a distinct species. For the ee x
a ate I call them var. wvicolum. Sporodochia minute, numer-
ous, gregarious, superficial, depressed, flesh-colored; spores
ay B hiattosly fusiform, generally curved, acute or aout three
g to five septate, .0016 to .002 in. long.

4 3 Peis,” Lachnella citrina x. sp.
~ Receptacle minute, .02 to .03 in. broad, sessile or with a very
- short stem, villose-tomentose, citrine-yellow, the hymenium
yellow inclining to orange, generally concealed, when dry, by
the connivent margin; asci subcylindrical, about .003 in. long;
= p __paraphyses filiform, equaling, or a little surpassing the asci;
_ spores oblong or subfusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016
~ 53 broad.
Bark of chestnut trees. Shokan. September.
a In some instances the marginal hairs of the cups are white.
: Nee

Breas”

Living and languishing leaves of Carolinian- cranes
anium Carolinianvm. Brownyille. June. ag

Massariella Mantheon N. Sp.

“Perithecia small, .02 to 028 in. broad, immened: in the a

scattered or subseriate, slightly elevating and at length pier ierc

the epidermis ; asci 8-spored ; spores crowded or biseriate, at f

colorless, then colored, uniseptate, quadrinucleate, oozing oer

forming a conical mass, then distinctly uniseptate but not.

nucleate, .0024 to .0027 in. long, .0005 to .0007 broad. ©

Bs Dead stems and branches of prickly ash, Xanthowylum A

- canum. Mechanicville. May. |

~ ‘Tn young specimens the bark has a much smoother and on
“appearance than in old ones. In these it is roughened and stain

by the heaps of ejected ede ne) young spor have a - strc

spores are ‘quite distinct.

Ophiobolus subolivaceus 2. sp. i eg

Perithecia numerous, depressed, .012 to .014 in. broad, at “fret 4
covered by the epidermis, then superficial, black; asci clavate or.
cylindrical ; spores slightly curved, gradually nanan toward. on
each end, yellowish -brown by transmitted light, five-septate, 002, A F
to .0025 in. long, .00016 broad, the third cell slightly swollen. a

Dead stems of herbs, apparently of Lhalietrum polygon. é.
Mechanicville. May. ¥e, eS
This is closely allied to O. olivaceus, from which I hws ope a
rated it because of its superficial perithecia and constantly
five-septate spores.

Re Phallus Ravenelii B. & C. |
Ag mmor. Plant small, 2 to 3.5 inches sie the part of the

Queletia mirabilis /*.

Spent oak tan bark. Trexlertown, Pennsylvania. August.
erbst. So far as I know, this rare and interesting fungus has
not before been detected in this country. It has the appearance
of a a large overgrown species of Tylostoma. The specimens vary
fh rom two to six inches long. The peridium or head is globose,
and from one to two and a half inches in diameter. The stem is
~ from four to eight lines thick, and externally is very ragged,
fe shvaday and lacerated. It is easily separable from the head, to
_ which it is attached in a kind of socket as in Tylostoma. The
genus Queletia is especially distinguished from Tylostoma in
having no apical aperture to the peridium. This, when mature, |
- eracks open, either by a single long fissure or by several. The
de lescription of the single known species, as given in Sylloge,
a does not agree fully with our specimens, but these are mani-—
; _festly the same specifically as a specimen collected in France
-and communicated to us by Doctor N. Patouillard, who labeled it
Queletia mirabilis Fr. The dimensions of our specimens con-
3 siderably exceed those assigned to the species, the spores are
smaller and the color of the contents of the peridium is a dull
_ tawny or ‘brownish-ochraceous rather than flavescent or golden

es i
cae

Bet |

d hav . consider

raf

broad.
_. Exocarp of old pignuts, Carya io. “Michigan
_ G.H. Hicks. i

Macrophoma Philodendri 7. oO

- Perithecia scattered or _ gregarious, ama 00% to 9

A spores oblong or subcylindrical, colorless, sometimes bine

.0006 to .0008 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad, supported

‘ - slender sporophores about equal to the spores in length,
_ Var. maculicola. Perithecia on definite white spots. z
Living and dead leaves of Philodendron bai roma Me
a a conservatory. Michigan. May. Hicks. Re!

Morchella bispora Sor.

.

Var. truncata. Pileus broadly rounded or truncate, its costar Wd
_ slightly prominent, the margin often a little recurved ; ; paraphyses
numerous; stem long. Michigan. May. J/icks.. oA

Geopyxis Hicksiix. sp. . eae

Receptacle about 6 lines broad, infundibuliform, glabrous, 4
brownish, the hymenium adorned with a few cost radiating

= from the center ; stem slender, from 8 to 12 lines long, scarcely va i
Oe line thick, slightly enlarged above and expanding into the

Reet) receptacle, brown; asci cylindrical, .0006 to .0008 in. long, .0005 3

i broad; spores ptiphiodl, even, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0003 to a

004 Paid: |

Ground. men 8 saree Hicks.

ie
fi +

Sy cet
“T — t =
asteey
pn eS
7
;

—_—
bes
>

cle ESecssians or se Siitets 1 to 2.5 ‘inches erod, abs |
splitting into 4 to 6 rays, narrowed below into a stem-like
» 3 to 5 lines thick, externally everywhere clothed with a
velvety coat of slender, interwoven, minutely papillose

on, @ or : oblong-fusiform, pointed at ae Saal colorless, 0025.
— in. long, about .0006 broad, often containing a single
~ large nucleus.
a Ground. Austin, Texas. November. Z. M. Underwood.

a
Bee ely

By, This : species is well marked by its Geaster-like rays, its dense
ae a, covering, its thick hymenium and its
» These ee in oe the spores of any

q tind the boats ipagice. ascl fusiform or suholavante ine
pedicellate, the sporiferous a about, .008 in. long, often swollen
, or irregularly tumid in the middle or at the base, the pene
ae early as long as the sporiferous part; spores allantoid, .0003 in.
im ong, .0001 broad. ee
_ Dead branches of mesquit. Austin, Texas. November.
Underwood.
_ Distinguished for its very shall verrucose stroma with few
: perithecia, and for its singularly swollen and irregular asci.

Rhytidhysterium Prosopidis . sp,

BP Berithecia superficial, very hard when dry, subelliptical or

- trigonal, black, with very obtuse, thick, involute, crenulate or
"transversely. suleate-costate labia, becoming expanded and softer

¥ oe moistened, suborbicular, revealing the dingy yellowish-
4 green distinctly margined disk; asci slender, cylindrical, 007
f q to 008 in. long, .00045 to 0005 broad, eight-spored ; spores
~ uniseriate, oblong, sometimes slightly curved, at first colorless.

: and. pop then colored and triseptate, .0008 to .0012 in.

eae 0008 hy 0004 ‘hioade piraphyees sligl tly

P oes several times forked or alia at the apex.

Dead branches of mesquit, Prosopis julifiora,,

Eienber Underwood. | en
This species 1S S apparently related to ae ‘Brae liens

afisllor spores. ,
-_Cheetophoma iaeshaer Nn. Sp.

"oblong, pelpided .00016 to -00024 in. long, "00008 . “0001 tis d
Ober. with a minute nucleus at each end. ies

Living leaves of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia,
| California. Mareh:. i) fs: Howe.

Cylindrocolla Dendroctoni Ph. | |

(Flora of West Virginia, p. 516.) ‘ eae ae

| -Sporodochia minute, forming irregular masses, white or whitish, 2
a somew Dat Waxy ; a ae slender, abundantly bi

eerie: short nde as subtruncate, colorless, 00016 to :
0002 in. long, .00008 to .0001 broad. tae ns 2
Dead insects, Dendroctonus frontalis, and the inner "ise of
‘pine just about en West Virginia. May. C.F. Meigen as
The insects are probably killed by the fungus as they lie dead — oA
in the furrows which they had excavated in the inner bark of a
pine trees, Pinus inops. on

i NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Crap.
iy Anemone Virginiana J. et ‘ane
Be The variety with white obtuse petals was found near ep
| Whitehall. | + il 4
He | Anemone nemorosa /. var. quinquefolia. es

Common near Delmar, also at Karner. May.

‘ ps ag aoe jh ae be ald sah ace eA NS
pas re rt : t) Se ree Oho

eee Report oF THE STATE BOTANIst. 121

. Magnolia glauca L. |
_ This small but beautiful tree has long been credited to Long
Island, but I have been able to find it in only a single locality.
In this place the trees are ten or twelve feet high and very
slender, the trunk scarcely cxceeding an inch or an inch and a
half in diameter. The branches are short, which give the trees |
a rather strict appearance. The flowers are creamy-white and hy
the fruit globular rather than “oblong.” In the N. Y. State
Flora its blossoming time is said to be May and June, but the
past summer the trees were yet in blossom on the fifteenth of
July. It is.greatly to be hoped that the owners of the land
where these trees grow will not allow them to be destroyed.
There are not many of them, and it is possible they may be the
only wild representatives of the species in our State.

Arabis perfoliata Lai.

This rare plant still exists on the rocky banks of the Black ¥
river below Watertown, where it was found more than fifty ‘f
years ago.

Buda rubra Dumont.

Hempstead Plains. July. A small form three or four inches

high.
Hypericum Ascyron J.

This plant which is not common in our State has been found in

| Washington county. Burnham.

Erodium Cicutarium L’ Her.
Fields near Schenectady. July. Wedve.

Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd.
Near Syracuse. Mrs. L. L. Goodrich.

Vitis eestivalis Wx. var. bicolor Le Conte.
Whitehall. July.

; Polygala polygama Wait.
West side of Mount Defiance on thin soil covering rocks.
June. A form having pale-pinkish flowers was collected near

Riverhead; also near Amagansett. July.
1893. : 16

12200) Forry-sixru Rup ORT ON Y THE Sra sok |
a 4 ri 5. ri

Polygala sanguinea. Ds eae i ae

hy Ss

—

Alcove. September. A late flowering fare springing pak g

meadows and having the flowers wholly bright-purple. The
common form on Long Island, which was in blossom i in J uly, has
the flowers prechichpanple.

Vicia sativa Z. var. angustifolia Ser.

-~ Adams.. June. . my ape

Vicia tetrasperma JL.
Bethlehem. June. This introduced species of vetch is evidently

’

‘Vicia Cracca L. :
‘Roadsides: Ticonderoga and Brownville. June.

Rosa blanda Ait.
Rocky banks of the Black river below Brownville. June.

‘The absence of spines in this species together with its ation € |
peduncles and calyx tubes and its persistent sepals, makes it one ~

of the most easily recognizable of our native roses. The stems

often have a few prickles toward the base but so far as I have

seen they are always glabrous above. The rose found near
Westport and which, in this Report I have referred to R. Sayz,
seems to be intermediate between this species and typical /?. Sayz.

Its fruit is similar to that of FL. blanda, but its stems and often its

branches are very prickly, its stipules which are either narrow or

dilated are distinctly glandular-ciliate and its leaflets are more

rounded at the base and their serratures occasionally serrulate.
The prickly stems usually have slender spines‘interspersed among
the prickles. or these reasons it seems rather to bea variety of
R. Sayi than of 2. blanda.

Rosa Carolina JL.

This is the only wild rose J have found in the heart of the
Adirondack wilderness. It occurs along the inlets of Raquette
lake and at Forked lake. It isin flower there in August. In one
instance a tendency to the formation of double flowers was shown,
the blossom having seven petals. The species occurs in all parts

_ of the State. The fine serratures of the leaflets appear to be the

:

mot limited to places near the sea coast as indicated in the Manual. —

ja es ‘OF THE Srare Boranrin,

~ most eexilable poner Mor distinguishing this species from its”
‘ allies. The stems are sometimes very prickly, especially when —
ota

Rosa lucida Lhrh.

eae P starcins of swamps or moist places” is given in the Manual
as the habitat of this species. On Long Island it isnot uncommon
to find unmistakable forms of it growing in dry places and asso-
Ne ciated with 2. humilis. The stout spines, which are either
a straight or curved, seem to be the most available character by
i hich to distinguish it from /?. hwmilis, but it must be confessed

Ge that intermediate forms occur which are perplexing. I have not

be _ observed prickles on the stem of this species, but they are some-

a times preent in 2. humilis. of
a a Amelanchier Canadensis 7. & G.

a A form of variety rotundifolia, three to six feet high, occurs —

mi in sandy soil near Karner. Variety oblongifolia also grows there,

__ but generally with the leaves rounded or broadly oval. A divare “ah
_ form also occurs, three or four feet high and having three to six
-
%

flowers ina raceme. The petals are short and narrow.
ise

. ‘ ; ' Sedum acre Ll.
} Very plentiful about Brownyille, growing in thin soil covering

rocks.
Myriophyllum ambiguum JWVuwitt.

Fisher’s island, Suffolk county. Rev. J. L. Labriskie. The
small variety imoswm.

Lythrum Salicaria JL. .
Head of Lake Champlain. July.

oe, Cuphea viscossissima Jacq.
Vaughn’s, Washington county. Burnham. This is an exten- _
sion of its range northward.

Opuntia vulgaris Mill.

Specimens of an Opuntia found growing in sandy soil near the
mouth of Peconic river, with few or no spines, short leaves and
_ fruit not over an inch long appear to be referable to this species,
to which they are referred in the State Flora.

Galium pilosum 4it. ae

A small form six to nine inches high, with short fn toininelees fi ‘
leaves about half an inch long and flowers crowded in small ~

dense clusters was collected on the north slope of Skylight —

mountain, one of the Adirondacks. It might be called variety

parvum.

Galium circeezans Mx. var. glabrum Brition.

Leaves and stems nearly glabrous; corolla glabrous. White-
hall, New Scotland and Sandlake. July. ;

Solidago bicolor JZ.

A branching form, both of this and its variety concolor, is
quite common. Each branch is terminated by a spike-like
panicle of flowers.

Solidago humilis Pursh.

Top of Bald mountain, near Third lake, Herkimer county.

Four distinct forms of this species occur in this limited station.

First, a very leafy dwarf form, four to six inches high with a
short dense panicle one to two inches long. Second, a very
leafy form eight to twelve inches high, with an oblong leafy
interrupted but dense panicle. The margins of the lower leaves
are often wavy toward the base. These forms make a very close
approach to the Western var. nana. Third, a still taller form

in which the stem is less leafy, the leaves are smaller, more nar-

row and scattered, and the panicle is elongated, narrow and
spike-like, but Prana interrupted either in its entire length
or toward the base only. This is one to two feet high. The
upper leaves are entire, the lower and radical ones more or less
bluntly serrate. The stem is either green or purple and is gla-
brous below. This is the most abundant form. The fourth
form is like this in all respects except that it has a broader, more
branched panicle. The panicles in all the forms are so glutinous
that they adhere to the drying papers when placed in press.

It is a little remarkable that this species should exhibit such
a variety of forms in such a limited locality. All the forms
appeared to be growing under the same conditions of soil, tem-
perature, moisture and exposure. I suspect this is the plant
which in Paine’s Catalogue is referred to Soledago spectosa var.
angustata. It is separable from that species by its glutinous

Report or THE STATE BOTANIST. 125

panicle, more numerous rays and more narrow radical leaves.
A large form of this species was collected on the gravelly bank
at the outlet of the Lower Ausable pond. It is apparantly the
same as that credited in the Manual to the “base of the White
Mountains.” |

Solidago uliginosa Nutt.

In a “beaver meadow ” about one mile southeast of the Forge
House, Fulton Chain, a singular form of this species grows. The
lower branches of the panicle are elongated and appressed,
thus causing the panicle to take a pompon shape. In this locality
the species was in blossom in August, and did not appear to be
any earlier than Soledago arguta, S. Canadensis, S. rugosa and
S. lanceolata, all of which were in flower there at the same time. .

Solidago rugosa Mill.

A variety pallida, having both ray and disk flowers a pale
creamy yellow color, occurs at Shokan, Ulster county.

Solidago nemoralis 4%. var. elongata Pk.
Abundant about Shokan.

Aster Herveyi Gray.

Borders of woods. Blue Mountain lake and Voorheesville.
August and September.

In the Manual this is indicated as an “ambiguous species”
approaching A. macrophyllus. It is indeed liable to be mistaken
for that species, at least in some of its forms, if I rightly under-
stand it. In the New York specimens the branchlets and
peduncles are glandular-hairy and the involucral scales are
glandular and the rays are violet as in A. Herveyt, though
in some instances the color is pale violet. On the other
hand, the leaves are not always lanceolate,.but are sometimes
ovate and distinctly serrate. They are also rough and rather
thick as in A. macrophyllus. But this species, as described in
the N. Y. State Flora, has a reddish-tawny pappus, while in
our violet-rayed specimens the pappus is white or whitish, which
is an additional reason for separating them from A. macrophyllus
if this should prove to bea reliable character. It seems best,
therefore, to consider them as a variety of A. Herveyi, and to

(126 = Forry-sixru Report on tue Stare Mi USE

indicate their character thus: Aster Herveyi Gr. var. in

a violet ; involucral scales. glandular, erect, all or all ec -
the longer bend more pointed inner ones, green or with green : : E

tips; pappus white or whitish; leaves rather thick and rough, —

ovate or lanceolate, the lower on naked petioles and more or less _ a
cordate, the upper sessile, the radical leaves large, broadly ovate-_

cordate, rough, on long naked petioles. 4

Apparently intermediate between typical A. Herveyi and
A. macrophyllus. With this it has probably been confused, but
from it it may be separated by the larger heads, color of the
rays and pappus and glandular peduncles.

Aster corymbosus Ai.

= pale, violet-rayed form with white pappus was obtained at me

Shokan. In general appearance it is quite like ordinary forms,

but the color of the rays and of the pappus indicates a slight

variation toward A. Herveyz.

Aster cordifolius Z. var. levigatus Porter.

This variety, well-marked and easily recognized, though not
indicated in the Manual, extends northward to Shokan, in the

Catskill mountains.
Aster levis L.

West Albany. September. A form having rays nearly white. !

This is apparently the same or nearly the same as the white-rayed
form found at Fort. Edward by Dr. Vandenburg and mentioned

in the Flora of North America. The color of the rays becomes —

a little more bluish-tinted in drying.

Aster diffusus 47. var. variifolius x. var.

Heads scattered, mostly on bracted peduncles one-half to one
inch long; branches horizontally spreading or slightly ascending ;
leaves sharply serrate with prominent teeth, varying from very
long and narrowly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, the
broadest ones abruptly narrowed towards the base as if into a
widely margined petiole.

Sandlake and Catskill mountains. September.

In the Manual this species is described as having the leaves

‘lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the lower somewhat serrate in

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIS’.- 127

_ the middle. In our specimens all the leaves have very distinct
_ serratures and they vary greatly in shape. Because of the
_ scattered heads on long peduncles it seems to connect with
A. Tradescanti, from which, as well as from A. diffusus var.
_ bifrons, it differs in the pearncter of its leaves.

Aster Brenan thoiics Muh.

This species which, in the N. Y. Flora, is credited to the
western part of the State only, is abundant and variable in the
Catskill mountains. The heads are corymbose or paniculate, the
rays are white, bluish-white, violet or blue and the leaves vary
from the typical ovate acuminate form with its long abrupt and
_ conspicuously contracted base to a narrowly lanceolate form in
which the basal contraction is scarcely noticeable. They vary im
length from two and a half to six or seven inches. They are:
_ generally distinctly serrate, but in a form which seems sufficiently
well marked to merit designation as variety diffusifolius, the
serratures are less prominent, the leaves are shorter, widest in
_ the middle and less abruptly contracted, so that in shape they are
_ strongly suggestive of those of the ordinary form of A. diffusus.
The paniculate heads are about three lines high and the scales
are less spreading than in the type.

This variety seems to run into A. prenanthoides on one hand.
and into. A. puniceus on the other. Its agreement with the
_ description of A. puniceus var. levicaulis is very close, and I
have not referred our specimens to this variety because of the
character and arrangement of the hairs of the upper part of the:
stem and its branches and because of its fapparent more close
connection with A. prenanthoides in habitat size and appearance
of the heads and shape of the leaves. The plants were asso-
ciated in locality with both these species and may perhaps be a
cross between them.

. Senecio aureus JZ. var. Balsamite 7. & G.
Rocky bank of Black river below Brownville. June.

Hieracium prealtum Vill.
This troublesome weed, recently introduced into the northerr
part of the State is rapidly spreading. It was found in three
places near Adams, Jefferson county. It is evidently not par-

ae aren Reporr ON THE accenee Moseon
sak sary

Xe

~

ticular as to soil or surroundings. It grows in sandy? clayey or
gravelly soil, in places wet or dry, on naked ground or among e

_ grasses and exposed to the full rays of the sun or protected | by
_ the shade of trees. It already has a foothold in at least three cs

i

counties. 7 onlay
Vaccinium stamineum Z. or ne

The fruit of this species sometimes attains a diameter of five —
or six lines. Its flavor is similar to that of the cranberry for 4
which it might be made a substitute.

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Spreng.
Abundant in sandy soil in the eastern part of Long Island,

Primula Mistassinica Mx. A s
This rare and local plant is still an inhabitant of the rocky
cliffs along Fish creek above Taberg. Its flowers vary in color

from white to pink or lilac.

Phlox divaricata J. e
_ Near Sanford’s Corners, Jefferson county. June. — | . ~

Mimulus moschatus Doug].
Near Middle Grove, Saratoga county. July. Waedbde.

Conopholis Americana Wallr.
EWcods near Shokan. . 2

Rumex verticillatus J.

Head of Lake Champlain growing in water two or three feet
deep and emitting from the submerged joints of the stem
numerous rootlets.

Polygonum amphibium J.

In the pond and river which form the outlet of the Fulton ~
Chain of lakes, this species forms circular patches, which, from
a little distance, might be taken for small islands. The plants
are densely matted and in the central part of the patch they rise
above the surface of the water and send up erect shoots, thus
giving the aspect of an elevation in the center. Contrary to the

"Manual description, these plants have flower spikes from one to

§
al

i

%

P three inches long asin P. Muhlenbergii. Nor are these always
terminal, for the stem is sometimes prolonged or branched near
the top in such a way as to leave the flower spikes lateral or
axillary. I label the specimens var. longispicatum.

Polygonum acre #7. B. 4K.

Sea shore near Amagansett. July. This is a form in which

the leaf has a dark colored central spot.

Polygonum cilinode Mz.

A small form, variety erectum, eight to twelve inches high,

was discovered on the top of Bald mountain. Not finding any-

thing on which to climb it assumes an erect mode of growth.

It is either simple or sparsely branched. Its behavior is in
marked contrast to that of the woodbine, Cissus Ampelopsis,
another climbing plant, which, when growing in places where it
finds nothing on which to climb, trails over the ground.

Aplectrum hiemale Nutt.
This rare plant occurs sparingly near Vaughn’s, Washington
county. Burnham.
Habenaria lacera A&. Br.

Border of woods. Selkirk. July. This is a peculiar form
worthy of designation as var. elongata. Flower spike eight to
ten inches long, bracts narrow, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones
much longer than the flowers, segments of the corolla, longer
and more slender than usual, the middle segment of the lip
linear, scarcely widened at the tip.

Aletris farinosa JL.
Abundant on Hempstead Plains in open fields. July.

Juncus tenuis Willd. var. secundus Hngelm.

Riverhead and Amagansett. July. Blue Mountain lake.
August. The branches of the panicle are not always incurved,
but the secund capsules give to the plant a very distinct appear-

ance. Var. congestus, or its eastern analogue, was collected at
_ Amagansett.

1893. 17

| Forres SIXTH a REP RT

a uncus Greeni
| Riverhead, Amagansett and aR A Plains. o

Juncus militaris Bigel

_ Near Riverhead. J uly.

Scirpus polyphyllus VaAl.

Shandaken, Ulster county. Some of the plants emit leafy, fe
| tufts or shoots among the rays after flowering. Se i

Eriophorum cyperinum JZ.

ae Of var. /wxum there is a form in which the spikelets: are.

collected or crowded into a more or less dense somewhat gobular: a
head. Blue Mountain slide. August. Sandlake. Sere “4
____ In the Sandlake specimens the spikelets are more tawny in color. a

Tt = be called form condensatum. Aba toe
Scleria pauciflora Muwhi. x cs
Hempstead Plains. July. | Bey fa of
Carex intumescens Judge. 7 re : nd

In the Manual this is said to have two fertile spikes. -Speci-_ fone
mens having three fertile spikes were collected at Blue Mountain x ;
lake; also in Alcove by Mr. Shear. They do not appear to sais a
very unusual, with us.

.

Carex lurida Wohl. 6 18K3 a ;

Ate (ee <

This species usually has but one staminate spike, but Dr. Howe ae
finds, at Lansingburgh, specimens having two; a short one just ~
beiow the base of the long one. In some instances the short one — ;

is pistillate at the apex. Variety a/tor was collected on Montauk :
va Point. Dr. Howe also finds Carex hystricina with two staminate
i spikes. A small form of this species occurs near Adams. Itthas ae
but one or two small and very short fertile spikes. In the latter —
ny case they are often very distant.

Report or THE SvaAve BorANIst. i

Carex torta Boott.

Three quite distinct forms of this species grow along Fish
creek, near Taberg. In one the fertile spikes are long, loosely
flowered at the base, and distant, and the lowest bract is long
and leaf-like, much surpassing the spike and nearly equaling the

culm in length. In the second the spikes are approximate with

_ the bracts very slender and shorter than thespikes. In the third
form the fertile spikes are shorter, about one inch long, more
compactly flowered, approximate and erect or merely spreading.
All are more or less staminate at the apex and the scale equals or
exceeds the perigynium. The bracts are shorter than the spikes.
This form approaches Carex stricta in appearance and is so well
marked that I would call it var. staminata.

Carex Hitchcockiana Dew.

Slopes of Mt. Defiance. This is a few-flowered form having
one to three perigynia in a spike, with the scales barely equaling,
or shorter than the ‘perigynia. |

Carex Pennsylvanica Lam.

This is a very variable species, and some of the forms seem to
be worthy of special designation, as forms if not varieties.
Form bracteata. Bract of the lowest spike green, elongated,
generally exceeding its spike. Oak woods. Voorheesville.
Form paleacea. Scale large, ovate-lanceolate, longer than the
perigynium. Sandy soil. Karner. |
Variety distans. Fertile spikes four to eight lines apart. Sandy
soil. Lerayville.
Variety angustifolia. Leaves very narrow, one-half to two-
_ thirds of a line wide, mostly longer than the culm. Long Island.
This appears to be a good variety. By its narrow leaves it
approaches Carex varzta Muhl., but the character of the spikes
and of the perigynia require 7 reference to C. Pennsylvaniea.
Form bracteata makes an approach toward C. communis.

Carex cephaloidea Dew.

Woods near Adams. June. Rare in the eastern part of the
State.

132

Carex canescens J.

‘STE eae

Montauk Point. July.- This isa singular form in whieh the

uppermost spike is wholly staminate or nearly so. I call it var.
staminata.

Carex foenea Willd var. sates Bailey.

Rocky hills near Whitehall. J uly. In our specimens the spikes ‘
are distinctly narrowed at the base, the heads are sometimes

slightly nodding and the inner face of the perigynium is less —

stramined.
Carex tribuloides Wadi. var. Bebbii Bailey.

nc ebareh Howe. Variety reducta Bailey was collected
at Blue Mountain lake in a form with the spikes aggregated in

prominently nerved. They appear to approach more nearly .0. |

an oblong head, an inch.or an inch and a half long. It might be —

called form agyregata.

Setaria Italica Kunth.

Raquette lake. A dwarf form with spikes scarcely half an 4

‘inch long, apparently the result of an attempt to cultivate the

Hungarian grass in a cold climate and an uncongenial soil.

Agrostis alba Z. var. minor Vasey.

Lansingburgh. Howe. A form closely resembling this in
external appearance, but having an awn as long as the flower and
a palet about one-fourth as long as the flowering glume, was col-
lected at Riverhead. It is well marked by the awn, which rises
near the base of the flower and is somewhat bent in the middle,
but other forms also have the same kind of an awn, notably the
one which in the Flora of New York is referred to A. stricta.

; Calamagrostis Canadensis bv.

In the Adirondack region this common grass often has the
panicle contracted both before and after flowering.

Trisetum subspicatum Bw. var. molle Gr.
Abundant on the rocky banks of Black river below Brownville.

eo une.

Report OF THE STATE BoTAaNnist.

pat | - Poa serotina Fhrh.

~.

_ On dry rocky Pistadss near Whitehall is a form having panicles
of comparatively few two-flowered spikelets.

Glyceria nervata Trin.

Woods near Adams. June. This isa leafy form with small
_green flowers and spikelets for which Dr. Vasey suggests the
name var. parviflora.

7

Glyceria grandis Wats.
_ Whitehall. July. A form with green spikelets. It grew in
the shade.
. Aspidium spinulosum Sw.

The typical form of this fern is said to be rare in this country
It is very abundant near the top of Blue mountain. August.

Lygodium palmatum Sw.

McDonough, Chenango county. Mrs. D. B. Fitch. This isthe
second station in which this fern has been found in our State.

Botrychiumternatum Sw.

Alcove. Shear. A singular form with two fertile fronds.

Amanita muscaria JL. var. alba Pk.

This variety is common about Alcove. Shear. It also occurs
on Long Island in two forms, the normal one and a smaller one
in which the warts of the pileus are evanescent or wanting. Not
infrequently it makes a close approach to white forms of A.

_pantherina, in having the upper part of the bulb uniformly mar-
gined by the remains of the definitely circumscissile volva, but
this margin is more acute than in that species.

Armillaria mellea Vahi.

There seems to be no end to the variations of this most poly
-morphous species. A well marked variety, var. bulbosa, has the
stem rather short and terminating below in a large bulb. Two

’

densis, and were eee ceespitose. ‘There were scores of | 1€
tufts and in all, the plants had bulbous stems. ‘This is the dir .
counterpart to var. radicata, in. which the stem ends below i ina.
long root-like point which penetrates the earth deeply, and —
resembles the tap-root of Collybia radicata. Varieties : bseura — 4
jlava and glabra of Gillet all occur in our State, and to these may :
be added also var. aldcda Pk. in which the pileus is white or
whitish. I have also received from Dr. Taylor of Washington, ¥
_ D.C., and from Dr. Jelliffe of Brooklyn, a densely ceespitose, —
Oder stemmed form with no annulus, it being evanescent or —
entirely wanting. This I call var. ezannulata. ‘It is scarcely

RONG oe ran NGS 5 ete oP
ee Pn eS a a
E pa Sebo teed

2 : | _ distinguishable from Clitocybe aquatica Banning, and Clitocybe
i ‘ monadelpha Morg., which, I suspect, will yet have to be referred —
e to this species. According to Quelet, Clitocybe socialis DC. sand
‘ a - Agaricus gymnopodius Bull, also probably belong here.

The abortive form often associated with A. mellea and in no —
way distinguishable from the abortive form of Clitopilus —
abortivus, has a farinaceous taste, but this is lost in cooking.
When cooked and properly seasoned this abortive form is quite

we as well-flavored mee as good to eat as the normal form. ;
ia com ; ¥
dg Armillaria viscidipes Pk.

ve This fine large species was found near Shokan, growing on the

iy banks of a stream. The stem sometimes penetrates the earth
quite deeply and the annulus at first conceals the lamelle.

Tricholoma terreum Scheff.

Var. atrosquamosum (T. atrosquamosum Chev.), occurs near

Shokan.
Tricholoma fumescens PA.

Fine specimens of this rare species were found near Shokan.

The plants sometimes attain a size considerably larger than the

dimensions of the typical form, the pileus being even two or
“ three inches broad and the stem six lines thick. The taste is —
at first farinaceous; then sweetish. The lamellae in the dried —
specimens are almost as black as in mature Agaricus campester.

. "Pholiota discolor Ph.

minor. Small; pileus 6 to 10 lines broad, phesti osidy
young or moist; stem about 1 line thick, at first clothed
ae fibrils. Buniaoe mosses about or on the base of
Shokan. September.

Galera uaraidua Ph.

“This species is not rare in the Adirondack woods. It often me
g OWS on decaying wood and branches. The color, though |
approaching that of G. tener, is more dull or brownish both
_ when moist and when dry. The moist pileus is sometimes =
i striatulate almost to the disk. Se
ov ; | eae

er \

ie . Agaricus silvicola Vitt.

ia The New York specimens heretofore referred to this species —
_ differ in some respects from the European plant if we may rely
upon the published descriptions. The stem is quite constantly
_ abruptly bulbous at the base, and the annulus is usually double,
the lower or exterior one being of a-floccose texture, smaller ,_
and split in a radiating manner as in that of A. arvensis.
The very young lamell are also whitish as in that species and
- wounds or bruises of the flesh are apt to become yellowish, all of
_ which indicate a closer affinity in our plant to A. arvensis than
‘ to A. campester. It seems to me, therefore, that greater scientific
_ accuracy will be attained by referring our plant to A. arvensis as
a var. abruptus, and considering it distinct from the European
A. silvicola, which is described as having a simple annulus
and which is figured as having the stem slightly and gradually
"thickened at the base. The name abruptus will indicate the
character of the bulb in our plant. I have made trial of its
edible qualities and find it very good eating, though scarcely as
highly flavored as the common mushroom.

ey Psilocybe squalidella Px.

é Var. cwspitosa. Densely cespitose; pilei often irregular from
- mutual pressure, firm but flexible and elastic, pale-alutaceous or

‘ _ watery-brown when moist, ochraceous or reddish-yellow when

dry; stem subcartilaginous, somewhat fibrous, stuffed or hollow,

_ frequently wavy, reddish-brown or rufescent, paler at the top,

especially when young, usually cae a dense Pe of
villosity at the base. |
In wet places. Shokan.

Sepusinber eae

ck: me The typical form of the species was referred to Hypholoma, 4
ie but the absence of any well-developed veil and the subcartila-_ e.
i ginous texture of the stem indicate that its true placns is in| 3
ee Psilocybe, in the vicinity of P. spadiced. . a
ar re
om , Gartinans pulchrifolius Pk. :
“tee Delmar and Shokan. September. This rare species, which is —
hae well-marked by the peculiar color of the young lamellae which —
4 resembles that of the lamelle of Clitocyle laccata or (. ochropur-
i purea, was discovered on Long Island in 1880, but until this year
3 Thad not observed it again. The filaments of the veil are some-
times very copious. Ly
ioe Paxillus involutus /+. aoe <a
Re In the uncooked state this fungus has a harsh unpleasant —
“le flavor, but it loses this to a great extent in cooking. The flesh

| also assumes a dark color in cooking, for which reason, together —
. with its want of delicious flavor, I should class it as a second-
rate edible species. "
"tip Boletus affinis PA. .
By Sandy soil. Amagansett. July. This has been tested as toits”
og esculent properties. It has an agreeable flavor and is moderately
| tender. The flesh is white, at first firm but becoming softer
a with age. The color of the pileus also becomes paler with age.

3 ra

ae : - Polyporus circinatus /*.

Var. proliferus. Like the typical form but having one or
more pilei developed from the upper surface of the first one.
Fulton Chain. August.

Polyporous cuticularis /”.

Standing trunk of maple, Acer saccharinum. Shokan. Sep-
tember. The incurved margin of the pileus is a very noticeable
and good distinguishing feature of this species.

Polyporus sulphureus Fr.

If taken when fresh and young, before the pores have formed,
_and carefully cooked, this fungus makes a very palatable dish.

%
} is. species often occurs in a Er form, which, when
mane | in the woods, is sometimes several inches in | extent. The

Stereum complicatum //.

Var. laceratum. Margin of the pileus lacerated or multifid.
Shokan. September.

a " Pterula setosa Pk.

a Dr. Patouillard has founded a new genus, Hirsutella, to which
he has transferred this species. He also transfers Thelephora
; -pedicellata Schw. to a new genus, Septobasidium.

a Comatricha aqualis Px.
: Mr. Geo. Massee, in his Monograph of the Myxogastres, con-
: cludes that the genus Comatricha is so intimately connected with
the genus Stemonitis that it is untenable. He therefore places
this and other species of Comatricha in Stemonitis. This species
is sometimes abundant on decaying wood of sugar maple in the

Adirondack forests. The thin fugacious walls of the sporangia

have a silvery luster.

a, ) Trichia reniformis Px.

E: Bark of striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicum. Fulton Chain.
August. A rare but well-marked and very distinct species. The
clustered or subcespitose mode of growth, the brown color of the
peridia and the short elaters are peculiar features. It has also
iarroa at Karner on bark of red maple, Acer rubrum

vi

4

4 An apparent variety of this species has spores a little larger
than i in the type and on smooth surfaces the stem rises from a
circular hypothallus, which is adorned with radiating lines as in
D. radiatum.

Didymium microcarpum. Jost.

Chrysomyxa Pyrolze Rostr.

E Tiving leaves of Pyrola chlorantha. Delmar. June. The uredo
Siena on this host has the sori much more scattered than on the
ee of Pyrola rotundifolia.

1893. on 18

pehavior and in its time of fruiting. Specimens were oie
on choke cherry, Prunus Vorginiana, near Karner, May 161
whieh conidia ‘and ascospores were both present in abund

dently due to the sowing of spores, as they were “ide J
ee containing no others. These meni Mi due to

| aie on the slopes of Blue mountain. | Ct
were mostly single on the branches and gave no Mee of : i

45

ep

oy the mycelium.
Cryptospora suffusa Tul. id
Var. nuda. Stroma not suffused with a yellowish dust. On

_ dead stems of alder and hazel-nut. Karner and West Albany.
The black circumscribing line is also apparently abe nee in some i
cases. :

(F) ae
NEW YORK SPECIES OF PLUTEOLUS. | ios |

Pleuteolus 7.

Pileus slightly fleshy, conical or campanulate, then oupanden a j
viscid, the margin at first straight, appressed to the stem; stem _
subcartilaginous, distinct from the hymenophorum; lamelle
rounded-free. ym. Hurop., p. 266. i too bade

This genus corresponds to the genus Pluteus in the pink-spored a
series. The species are similar in structure to the species of that
genus, but they differ somewhat in the character of the stem and

i in the color of the lamellx and spores. Its species were sep-
| arated by Fries from the genus Galera because of their viscid —
pileus and free lamella. I have included in it two species
formerly referred to Galera by me. They are Galera expansa ~

) / ve sh

Report or THe STarrx BorAnist. 139 p>.

and G. callista. They do not quite fully meet the requirements t
of the generic character inasmuch as their lamelle are not ia
entirely free, but in other respects, and especially in the viscid if
pileus, they agree better with this genus than with Galera. The
attachment of the lamellz to the stem is very slight, but just

enough to show the intimate relationship of the two genera.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPEOIES.

ISTE FUTURES a tej 65 a re ayes ose evo -.jee ele sala 1
Lamellz slightly Jo AWS 8316 Maier ade Tm rier ee Ge am ge 2
1. Plant growing on dung or rich soil............ coprophilus. Sy
1. Plant growing on decaying wood............... reticulatus. *
2. Plant growing on damp soil in exsiccated water
Ee ee. ahha ore eek ately «ye we a aes callistus.

2. Plant growing on decaying wood or rich soil... expansus.

Pleuteolus coprophilus ~. sp.
Dotne-Lovine PLuTKous.

Pileus thin, submembranous, fragile, conical or campanulate, = ==
becoming nearly plane, somewhat viscid when moist, finely oy
striate on the margin, pinkish-grey; lamella narrow, crowded,
free, pale cinnamon; stem long, straight or somewhat flexuous,
hollow, white, sometimes tinged with pink; spores elliptical
dark-ferruginous, .0005 to .0006 in. long, about .0003 in. broad. ©

Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad; stem 2 to 3.5 in. long, 1 to 2 lines
thick.

Dung heaps. Albany and Warren counties. May and June.

The plants sometimes are cespitose. The striations of the
pileus are similar to those of Galera lateritia, from which this
species is separated by its more expanded viscid pileus, different
color and free lamelle.

Pluteolus expansus o22

EXPANDED PLUTEOLUs.
> (Galera expansa Pk. Twenty-sixth State Mus. Rep., p. 58.)

_ Pileus submembranaceous, becoming nearly plane or centrally
depressed, viscid, plicate-striate on the margin, brownish-ochra-
-ceous, often tinged with yellow, grey, pink or greenish hues;
lamelle narrow, close, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, a

- yellow or Se ON spores .00045 to .0005 1 in. dae
_ to .0003 broad.

~ Benne distinction.

or slightly ‘anedae ese Holleay pe. striate,

Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad; stem 3 to 4 in. long, a to ai
Ak ol Oa aay ee :

counties. June to August. | :

Var. terrestris. Pileus grayish-yellow, tinged with green, stem :
greenish-yellow. Growing on rich or well-manured soil. _ The |
plicate striations of the pileus are similar to those of Galera —
flava and G. coprinoides. The species has been removed to this 4
genus because of the viscidity of the pileus, nevertheless it must "4
be confessed that such a feature is scarcely satisfactory for | 4

Pluteolus callistus PA.

Most Beavrtirut Piureouvs.
(Galera callista Pk. Twenty-sixth State Mus. Rep., p. 59.) PhS 4

Pileus thin, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid, striatulate
on the margin, olivaceous or ochraceous, the umbo bright chest- _
nut color; lamellz thin, close, ventricose, adnexed, easily sepa- 4
rating in the stem, yellowish becoming bright ferruginous;
stem equal, hollow, pruinose, yellow; spores elliptical, .00035 to
.0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad. | |

Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, .5 line thick. |

_ Exsiceated water holes in low swampy woods. ‘Lewis county.
September. Se

This pretty little agaric was discovered in 1872, but has riot
since been rediscovered. It may, therefore, be regarded as very —
rare. In the dried specimens the lamelle are white on the edge,
and the pileus has assumed a dull metallic green color. The |
species is placed in this genus because of its expanded and viscid —
pileus. .

Pluteolus reticulatus Pers.
ReEtTIcULATED PLUTEOLUS.
(Hym. Europ., p. 266. Sylloge vol. v., p. 859.)
Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, viscous, 4
reticulate with anastomosing veins, pale violaceous, striate on the —
margin; lamelle free, ventricose, crowded, saffron-ferruginous;

ho . fragile, fibrillose, leah at the top, white; spores
ica I, ferruginous, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025

Piles 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Decaying wood. Cattaraugus county. September.
¥ The specimens which I have referred to this species appear to
bea small form with the pileus scarcely more than an inch broad
and merely rugose on the disk, not distinctly reticulate as in the
type. In the dried specimens the pileus has assumed a dark
violaceous color. The dimensions of the spores have been taken
from the American plant. I do not find them given by any
- European author. |

\——s NEW YORK SPECIES OF GALERA.
Galera /”.

Veil none or fibrillose. Stem subcartilaginous, continuous with

the hymenophorum, tubular. Pileus more or less membranaceous,
conical or oval, then expanded, striate, the margin at first straight
and appressed to the stem. Lamelle not decurrent. Aym.
Buen, p. 266.

The species of this genus are small and ieostly rather fragile.
The pileus is thin and when young is conical, oval or bell-shaped,
but in some at least, it becomes expanded with age. When young
or moist it has a watery, or hygrophanous appearance, and is
then either striate or striatulate because of its thinness. The
colors are either whitish, yellow, ochraceous, cinnamon or ferru-

iy

inous in nearly all of our species, but owing to the hygrophanous

character these generally become paler in the dry plant. The -

: lamelle are commonly yellowish, tawny, cinnamon or ferruginous.
The stem is slender, often straight, fragile and hollow and colored
like the pileus. The genus holds the same place in the ochra-
ceous-spored series that Mycena holds in the white-spored series
and Nolanea in the pink-spored series. Some grow on dung or
in rich grassy, ground, others are found in woods, either on naked
soil or on decaying leaves, wood or branches and others still

: occur habitually in wet or damp places among Sphagnum or other

ay & ee

ic,

Gena

sections. Of the first section we have six representativ

ie Ma) ie ary dee pt Me

nae ward by f pict Aide Na “4 ? Seni.

4 Re H i phon: 7 i pa ES 7 nites
EN

142 | Forry-sixra Repo ORT On THE TAT. Sz

A

‘The species have been ieee god by ae in thee nr

second, three, and of the third, one. An additional section he ‘

‘been formed which contains two species One-half of our twel
species appear to be peculiar to this country. ;

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Plants growing among mosses... 8. /..... 322 {eee |

Plants not growing among mosses...... eS Bg heent ah
1. Pileus commonly 4 to 6 lines broad..... PE ei Re eg
1. Pileus commonly 9 to 12 lines broad....... . Sphagnoram, ee
2. Margin of the pileus naked or not firrillaee a ea sas eRe a
2. Margin of the pileus adorned with white fibrils... rufipes. —
5. stem pruimose at the top)... 2... |. eee . Hypnorum. —
a Stom naked atthe top. i... eA. I ee) aquatilis.
4, Plant growing on dung or in grassy bine oe
4, Plant growing in uncultivated places........... Rear
5. Pileus plicate-sulcate ........ Menace ee coprinoides.
5. "Pileus not plicate-sulcate ....\7........).¢.. 0. eee |
6. Pileus ferruginous when moist .................4, ae
6. Pileus paler, yellowish or tawny-cinnamon when moist.. 7 —
7. Pileus narrowly conical, striate when dry.......... lateritia. 7~
%. Pileus broadly conical, not striate when dry.......... a

8. Plant growing on hulls of buckwheat ......... suleatipes. _
8. Plant having some other habitat. ........ 7 9..eame on

“bilens pale-yellow:.:. wo.) 000. |

Pilews, some other color’... .).2....-.. 5... 46 10°%
16. ‘Lamell= narrow; close... ..60.0..'.\: <. )eee teneroides. —
10-pLamelle broad, subdistant. ....)>.. ..))¢9eeeee inculta.

ConocepHaLtz. Pileus conic-campanulate, hygrophanous,

nearly even, when dry sprinkled with soft atoms; stem straight; q

lamelle ascending, inserted in the top of the cone, somewhat 4
crowded. Veil none. |

campanulate, hygrophanous, yellowish when moist, whitish or rE
ochraceous when dry, finely striate on the margin; lamelle —

Galera lateritia /7.
BRICK-RED GALERA.
(Hym. Europ., p. 267. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 860.)
Pileus thin, narrowly conical or acorn-shaped, often becoming —

an a minute ‘villosity, white; spores elliptical, ferruginous,
0005 to .00055 in. long, .0008 to .00035 broad.
ty’

‘Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1 line”

thik.

_ Dung or rich grassy ground. Albany and Rensselaer counties.
ae Erne to September.
x This may be separated from the next following species by its

more elongated narrowly conical pileus distinctly striate on the

a margin and by its narrower linear lamella. The striations are
_ In our specimens they are distinct even in the dried plant. We

the Friesian figure of the moist plant, but many of our American
ie _ agarics are paler or have paler forms than the European figures
_ indicate for the same species. The hygrophanous character of
the pileus is less clearly shown than in Galera tener. As in that

es feels sticky when pressed between the thumb and fingers.

3 Galera tener Scheff.
Bee TENDER GALERA.
(Hym. Europ., p. 267. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 860.)

Pileus thin, conical broadly and obtusely copical or campanu-
late, hygrophanous, pale-ferruginous or tawny-cinnamon color

often sprinkled with shining atoms ; lamella broad, rather close,
@ ascending, adnate, cinnamon color ; stem straight, slender, fragile,
hollow, somewhat shining, commonly finely striate, colored like
the pileus; spores elliptical, dark ferruginous, almost rubiginous,
.0005 to .00065 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad.

Pileus 4 to 10 lines broad; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1
line thick.
> Dung and rich grassy ground. Common. June to September.
‘This is our most common species of Galera. It sometimes
eS grows in great abundance where cattle have been yarded and in

_ fine and close and often reach half way to the center of the pileus..

_ have seen no specimens having the pileus as dark colored as in _

_ species, there are forms in which both pileus and stem are clothed
with a minute downy pubescence. When partly dry the pileus

} : and striatulate when moist, whitish or creamy-yellow when dry, .

Pate

\
YS te

sane dy
Po. a ee

De ae hee A ei >
Wartcie or Sa ee ey ak

cy
whe)

ae

a = =O eee.
= EL) et 6 ee Aaa he
eS ETE ete ey

‘ my he
we ie =

~~ rat Rory ae : ay ;
eee

a
;

a, rich ean or sinatallees
- company with Panwolus campanulatus. It varies. mu
_ Asmall form, form minor, occurs having the pip hemisp
. and Lie three or four lines broad. |

brown or blackish-brown.

cinnamon | and striatulate when moist, paler when dry ;_ aes et

~ to 00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. Vig

a is. oton toumal groy

Galera teneroides Pk.

Woop-Lovine GALERA.
(Twenty-ninth State Museum Report, p. 39.)

Pileus thin, campanulate or expanded, hygrophanous, brownish iz

goloted like fp pilenge spores ae elliptical, ‘shbbabea 0003 “4

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, about half ae
line thick. Ground, dung aad decaying wood and branches in}
woods. Penick mountains and in Albany county. Jur une to of .
September. : : a

This species is closely related to Galera tener as may be inthe
from the name, but it is nevertheless distinct in its more brown
or smoky-tinted color, more expanded mature pileus, more narrow

as and smaller paler spores.

Galera ovalis /’. ree
OvaL GALERA.
(Hym. Europ., p. 268. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 862.)

Pileus somewhat membranaceous, oval or campanulate, hygro- ,
phanous, brownish-ferruginous and obscurely striatulate on the —
margin when moist, paler and even when dry, fragile; lamellae
nearly free, very broad, ventricose, ferruginous; stem straight,
slender, hollow, slightly striate, colored nearly like the pileus;
spores elliptical, dark-ferruginous, .0004 to .0005 in. tong, aed =
to .0003 broad. ae

Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad; stem 3 to 4 in. long, about 1 te .
thick.

Dung. Albany county. June.

Se AY Pa, aay 5 eke itt “ah 4 : Ua, Ve 5
Re “Report OF THE STATE BOrANIST.

e "specimens aetiah 1 have referred to this species were
ollect # many years ago. I have not found any like them since.
hey differ from Galera tener chiefly in their larger size and

ea color, both when moist and when dry. The species is

Galera sulcatipes Je

SULCATE-STEMMED GALERA.
Pars - (Thirty-fifth State Mus. Rep., p. 182.)

a Pileus thin, ovate, conical or subcampanulate, hygrophanous
_chestnut-colored and mostly striatulate on the margin when Be

z: ‘moist, paler when dry; lamelle ascending, subdistant, adnate, (ee

b _ whitish becoming ferruginous-cinnamon; stem slender, straight .

x or flexuous, equal, hollow, rather faninolour, striate-sulcate, silky,
floccose-pruinose toward the base, white; spores elliptical,

a _ferruginous-cinnamon, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.

__ Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, about 1 line

thick. : :

___ Gregarious on a pile of buckwheat bran lying on the ground in

2 woods. Albany county. August.

The white and almost shining stem is striate and silky above, =—

_ pulverulent or floccose-pruinose toward the base where it generally a

a assumes a greenish-blue color if handled when moist. The pileus :

_ fades in drying to subochraceous. The lamellz are sometimes

- white on the edge. Found in 1881 but not detected since. A

_ rare species but very distinct in the character of its stem and =

g in its peculiar habitat. : |

ij
‘ Cee, a f. >
VOPR OE Ce

Galera inculta Pk.

Rupr GALERA.

3s ies

' (Forty -first State Mus. Rep., p. 69.)

23
Fs. ba

Fe .
eo
* ea
a ae oe
ais = >,.

_ Pileus thin, somewhat fragile, campanulate, then convex or
nearly plane, obtuse or rarely with a small umbko, hygrophanous,
_ cinnamon color and striatulate when most, buff color and atomate
when dry, sometimes minutely pitted or corrugated, rarely
_ rimose-squamulose; lamellz broad, subdistant, ventricose,
_ adnexed, white crenulate on the edge, at first pallid, then pale-
_ cinnamon; stem straight or subflexuous, hollow, brittle, slightly
_ silky, reddish-brown, sometimes mealy or pruinose at the top and

oe .. 1893. 19

3%
hag tas

yy.

abe ein oe

i te ies 6%
poe. MS -

Se ere ee ee

Ais

-
eo

ee

broad, subdenticulate. Slender, growing among eee the
veil very fugacious. Raa Gs Pst.

watery, hygrophanous, pallid-honey color and. striatulate on the a
margin when moist, soft and whitish when dry, often with a i |

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; Men 1 a 1. gt in. long, 3
thick.

- Damp ground under willows wall alders. Catskill n mou
September.

tener. The specimens were found ea, with WV re
dosa, from which they may be distinguished by the ae

larger sre

caegaeh Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, :
glabrous, hygraphanous, even when dry, opake, slightly silky;
stem thin, lax, flexile; lamellee broadly and. plainly adnate,

Galera aquatilis By a ieee

Aguatic GALERA. ‘ ae ee:

(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 869.) ) :

Pileus membranaceous, campanulate or convex, ‘glabrous,

yellowish papilla; lamelle distant, triquetrous, plane, adnate, et
pallid; stem very long, slender, even, glabrous, whitish or yel -
lowish; spores Siete, .0004 in. long, .00024 broad. a iq
| Paeas. to 6 lines broad; stem (in our specimens) 2 to 3 in. ca
long, scarcely 1 line thick. a,
we mosses in wet places. Catskill mountains. July. AY
rare species. In our specimens the stem is less elongated than —

in the European plant. ) a |

Galera Sphagnorum Pers. Mieke

SpHacnum GALERA. aa ieee |

(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 869.)

Pileus thin, conical convex or expanded, sometimes with a
small umbo or papilla, hygrophanous, tawny or subochraceous —
and usually striatulate on the margin when moist, pale- -ochraceous —
or buff when dry; lamelle thin, subdistant, tawny-ochraceous ; ;

oe Tee

ee k Oke pileus ; spores elliptical or subovate, 0004 to .0005 in.
wa tong, -00025 to .0003 broad.
Re, - Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 2.5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines

_In marshes among Sphagnum. Fulton, Rensselaer and Seneca
Be “counties and Adirondack mountains. June to August.
a i This is easily distinguished from Galera Hypnorum, to which
it has sometimes been subjoined as a variety, by its larger size,
. _ more expanded pileus, fibrillose stem and peculiar place of growth. |
k There is a notable form with a well-developed veil which may be _
designated var. velata. Veil white, webby or almost mem-
a branous, breaking up on the upper part of the stem and forming
_ floccose scales, often evanescent with age. In this variety the
moist pileus is sometimes chestnut color or bay red, being darker
_ than in the ordinary forms of the species. Very often the fibrils
_ of the stem are grouped in flakes or patches in such a way as to
_ give a wavy appearence to the stem itself.

Galera Hypnorum Batsch.

Hyrpnum GaALERA.
(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. £68.)

Pileus membranaceous, conical or campanulate, obtuse or
-papillate, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon or suboch-
raceous and striatulate when moist, paler when dry, often fading
to yellowish or buff; lamellz broad, adnate, ventricose, distant,
tawny or cinnamon color, often whitish flocculose on the edge;

stem slender, hollow, flexuous, smooth, pruinose at the top,
commonly colored like the pileus; spores elliptical, .0004 to
____.0005 in. long, .00024 to .0008 broad. 3
Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, less than a line
§ thick. |
Among mosses in woods, either on the ground or on prostrate
a decaying trunks. Common in hilly or mountainous districts.
June to September. :
4 This is a small species but it varies considerably in size and

% _ color. Var. nigripes has a blackish-brown stem.

EriopErMz. Pileus submembranaceous, the veil manifest,

‘superficial, separating, at first silky or squamulose, especially on
the margin.

lesions ies: Pk.

Rapored seen Cee aor}

oe es (Forty-second ae Mus. Rep. p. 20. Botanist’s Edition.)

Rar eins campanulate or convex, hygrophanous, reddish-ta
and striatulate when moist, whitened on the margin by
remains of the white fibrillose veil, pale-ochraceous when d
: Jamellee broad, subdistant, emarginate, yerevaee or subochraceot

_ slightly fibrillose below, pruinose at the top, reddish Droge
spores elliptical, subochraceous, .00025 to .0003 in. long, 00016 to
.0002 broad. :

Pileus 4 to 6 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, o tine Bee a

Mossy ground i in woods. Essex county. September. =
_ This species is easily separated from Galera Hypnorum by the gu
whitened fibrillose margin of the pileus and by its smaller mae ‘i

PLIcATELLA sec. nov. Pileus membranous, conical or camp ce |
late, more or less expanded in maturity, plicate-striate. pia.
_ _The two species here described differ so much in the character —
ac Ourthe pileus and its striations from the other species of the genus. ss Me
that I have thought it best to institute a new Section for their —
reception. I find no description of any similar be Spear ae ae

They are probable peculiar to this Cea ae

Galera flava Ph. AS

PALE-YELLOW GALERA.
(Forty-fifth State Mus. Rep., p. 19.)

Pileus membranous, ovate or campanulate, moist or subhygro-
phanous, obtuse, plicate-striate on the margin, yellow; lamellz
thin, narrow, crowded, adnate, at first whitish, then yellowish- ia
cinnamon; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, |
slightly striate at the top, sprinkled with white mealy particles,

_ white or yellowish; spores ovate or subelliptical, brownish-ferru- :
ginous, .0005 in. long, .0008 broad. (foe
: Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines
a thick.
Damp vegetable mold in woods. Tompkins county. July.
This species is well marked by the pale-yellow color of the —
pileus and its plicate striations which are very distinct even in

specimens. “Thay aeerid half way to the mee or more. _

ry the pileus is seen to be sprinkled with shining atoms _ tu

some other species of the same genus. Occasionally the
Ow as cracks into squamules. or small scales. °

Galera SS Pk.

CoprRINUS-LIKE GALERA.

x ah oo ‘twenty-sixth State Mus. Rep. p. 59. Agaricus plicatellus Twenty-ninth Rep. p. 66.)
Reka

o aye ae membranous, campanulate, soon expanded, often split
‘Si on the margin, plicate-sulcate to the small even disk, yellowish or

pean _ ochraceous-yellow ; lamella narrow, close, rounded behind,

» colored like the pileus; stem slender, equal, hollow, minutely
gq

Fi S .0002 broad.

Pileus about 6 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, half a line

“thick
Grassy ground. Cayuga sous. August.
a moe Ens small plant was discovered in 1872, but I have not found

_ the name.

_ previo applied to another species, but since the former sub-
3 _ genus Galera has been raised to generic rank it permits the
3 restoration of the original specific name.

hairy or pruinose, white; spores elliptical, .00028 to .0008 in. long, et

; : ve it since. It is manifestly very rare. The structure of the pileus ij ie
a | and its plications are strongly suggestive of the character of the
os pe of some of the small species of Coprinus, as is indicated by |

The name Agaricus plicatellus was substituted for Agaricus — if
- coprinoides when it was found that the latter name had been |

;

or PORT

OF THE

FOR THE YEAR 1802.

REPORT

OF THE

‘4

4 tf

PATE GEOLOGIST @

» ; >

I

a? a eS ew

eo Se ? Z is
oe iy . R E Pp O R

he cA % en °
ae a :

; :

7 0 the ais of the een of the State of New York:

__ GerytiemEen.— During the past year as in the preceding years
& the time of the State Geologist has been largely devoted to the
ae Paleontology of the State of New York, in the selection and
:
¥

drawing, lithographing, printing, etc., and in the preparation of

material for the annual reports. !
‘During the past year increased duties have been imposed by

the passage of a law authorizing the completion of the work on

oe Py Serres “~.
» 3 e ats

ay _ Palzontology, volume VIII, parts 1 and 2, and for the preparation ~
i of a geological map of the State, as well as for completing the ©

_ work upon the Livonia salt shaft; each one of these requiring
_ more or less time of the State Geologist.

_ After the passage of the law, Chapter 170 of the Laws of 1892.

2 March 21st, work was resumed upon the printing of the Paleon-
} tology, volume VIII, part 1, and the volume was issued in July.
At a later period the full edition of 3,000 copies was delivered to
the custody of the Secretary of the Regents. Since that time
work has been continued upon part 2 of volume VIII, and both
the manuscript and the plates are in a forward state of prepara-

q BB: as will be seen by reference under the head of volume VIII.
The work upon the annual report of the State Geologist has

_ year can not be placed before you in their printed form at this

_ . ie the Museum staff was Stored in the vault and escaped injury.
oe 1 am aise that owing to the great destruction of printed

_ preparation of material and general supervision of the work of.

3
Pom ae ” . re Page i
; bs wee . 4 Be | et" “a
é5 ~- 7 < ro Pats re ‘ 5 ck ae - ee bichon, WE.
. " - “ : is = : A 5 “a os Je be Oe : -
: 5 Pry Pie a - ‘ = : ~“ ma TF Me € of, Sac 4 » uy ; —>2.
> rr aes Se as a ee eS eee * 4 . oe = tive 4 = i a is 2» a « Saries ree we ir
ei Pye Pn ae tS Be ae ESS Ee SEM Oe — eee a gto ee: ete ae} et ee Ne |,
, Joe, eee z a he: ee 3o- aee g pf ode te eed a OY ee te Dee rds a eet ts Bee?

been steadily going on in the preparation of text and material —
for illustration. It is very unfortunate that the reports of last |

te ne a ee > |
sy a a ‘

B: time, but owing to the destruction of the State printing office

ae 4 a,
So set

tur he

“a

a. ee

—
: Ae
¥: ch ee

ee ae Oe
\ 26s) of pcr of
rie eee

ole Oe Me

tt
7

Aether at that time in the office of the State Printer, whine it oat 4

be necessary to replace, that the work upon the Museum reports es
of last year can not be taken up for some months to come. Itis
_ likely therefore that still greater delay will occur in commencing

the printing our reports, and the report of this year will be still “4
further delayed than usual. iS

The preliminary work in preparation for the engraving of the
geological map involved a journey to Washington and another
to New York and Philadelphia which occupied a considerable
time, but which, through the earnest and persistent efforts of Mr.
McGee of the United States Geological Survey, proved successful, —
and the Regents have in their possession a contract with Messrs.
Evan & Bartles of Washington for the engraving of the base for
the geological map, and a proposition from Major Powell, Director
of the Survey, to furnish, without cost to the State, the color plates.
Proof sheets of one half the base map have been received from
Washington during the month of November, and proofs of the
remaining portions of the State are promised very soon, and will
undoubtedly be in hand before the end of the present year. The
field work upon the geological map began in early June, and a
portion of the State in the Oneonta district was carefully examined
by Mr. Darton of the United States Geological Survey, who was
joined by the State Geologist towards the conclusion of his work |

in a final review of the region examined. The result of this —

work has been the confirmation of certain views relating to the
relations of the Oneonta sandstone, Chemung group, and the
Catskill group proper, which had been published by the writer
many years ago, but which it seemed desirable to review and con-
firm by fuller examination before the final publication of the
geological map of the State. The details of this work will appear
further on, accompanied by a map of the region.

The greater part of the autumn, from early September to the
middle of November, has been given to field work connected
with the geological map and the Livonia salt shaft. It was con-
sidered very important that the Helderberg escarpment, which
forms such a conspicuous feature in the eastern part of the State

from Cherry Valley eastward to Coeymans and southward to
‘Rondout, should be carefully examined and the limits of the

all ai DO aia MEN Se Re aaa awa
Se Pee By ey Lo NSN

se he | Oe ne

REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. — 155

laid down upon the map. This work has been accomplished
and a careful study of the escarpment made by myself and
assistant, Mr. N. H. Darton, first, from Howe’s Cave, by
way of Schoharie, Berne, Knox, the Indian Ladder, etc., to
Clarksville. Along this line of observation the rocks of the
Lower Helderberg, together with the representatives of the
Niagara and Clinton groups, with the waterlime at their base,
rest in apparent conformity upon the rocks of the Hudson River
group below, which are themselves undisturbed along the eastern
and western line to the outcrops and dip gently to the southward
between the limits above indicated. The first indication of a
disturbance occurs to the north, and northwest of Clarksville,

where, following the main line of the escarpment, the rocks of:

Helderberg dip beneath the surface of the valley, while the base
of the formation diverges to the northwestward, ending in a
broad promontory known as Stony Hill, leaving a deep indenture
suggestive of a partial faulting of the strata along this line of
deep erosion. This outlying area has often been taken for a cir-
cumscribed outlier of these formations, and on cursory examina-
tion presents that aspect. Following the line of outcrop south-
easterly from its exposure on Stony Hill the escarpment, which
is there obscured by a great accumulation of drift material upon
its northern face, gradually becomes conspicuous, and before
reaching South Bethlehem, and at that place, also farther to
_the southeast, this escarpment reaches its greatest elevation and
acquires its boldest features. It is in the neighborhood of South
Bethlehem also that we first find evidence of the unconformity of
the Helderberg rocks and the Hudson River shales where the latter
present evidence of having been uplifted, folded or contorted before
the superincumbent limestones were deposited. One interesting
example in the bank of a small creek presents an exposure of the
shales and limestone which shows that the lower beds of the
latter, corresponding to the Tentaculite layers of the Lower
Helderberg, are infolded with the slate, apparently due to an over-
thrust fault; the entire exposure presenting the strongest evi-
dence of unconformity.

several geological formations constituting the mass accurately 7

Ss

A:

156 3 | Horry-sixre Report on THE Stare

hie
4 ole.

escarpment. Side
In the neighborhood of Catskill, along the Catskill creek, the

oy folded and lying in almost vertical position.
In the neighborhood of Catskill and Rondout so much excel-

lent work has been done by Prof. William M. Davis, of

Cambridge, that it can be safely adopted for use in laying down
the geology of that region upon our map, and, in consequence of
this, much time was saved in our investigations.

To the southward of Rondout, although these inveseonee ee
their place and even present strong continuous escarpments, they

are so much broken and disconnected that they can not be fol-
lowed with the same facility as to the northward and wes

from Catskill.
At Rosendale we find the most southern exponmie of thesd

high escarpments of the Lower Helderberg limestones underlaid —
by a great development of the Waterlime which is here
extensively manufactured into hydraulic cement. In the bed_

and banks of the creek at this place the geological formations

ridges, and not Hedrenuenes, isolated frills, in front of the great “ :
a Ne

Se
7
es

ce

Lower Helderberg escarpment of Pentamerus limestone, with its f eh
associated beds of Waterlime, forms a strong vertical escarpment,
while the bed of the creek presents the Hudson River shales _

are exposed from the Hudson river shales upwards to the Lower ‘ei

Helderberg limestones, and there are certain layers of red and
greenish marl and sandstone which ,apparently represent the

Medina sandstone and Clinton group. This is the first exposure ©

observed after leaving Howe’s Cave where we have evidence
of the presence of any beds representing the Medina sandstone
and Clinton group in the lower part of the great escarpment.
At Howe’s Cave we have an exposure of about thirty feet of
shale below the Niagara or Coralline limestone which represents
the Clinton group in that locality. At this place the pyritiferous

/ —- Report or THE STATE GEOLOGIST.

| 157
shales of the Clinton group rest directly upon the upper

arenaceous-shaly beds of the Hudson River group.

Returning to the neighborhood of Howe’s Cave the work on
_ the escarpment was again taken up and continued in a westerly
direction. The gradual thinning of the Lower Helderberg mass
diminishes the strong feature of the escarpment; the Oriskany
sandstone eradually ceases to be a prominent feature and the —
_ gradual thinning and final disappearance of the Cauda-galli grit
brings the Upper Helderberg limestone into close proximity and
final contact with the lower mass, thus becoming the most
prominent feature in the escarpment as we go westward. In the
earlier general observations and publications upon the geology
of New York this condition was not understood, and the great

__ mass of the Lower Helderberg, so prominent along the Hudson

—- °°

river from Rondout north and thence northwest to Schoharie
was regarded as the same limestone terrace which extended to
Black Rock on the Niagara river. Even more extreme was the
opinion published, identifying the great Helderberg terrace and
escarpment with the Niagara Falls escarpment. This generaliza-
tion came from the want of a knowledge of the elements com-
posing this escarpment at any point, and therefore the bolder
features only entered into the result. It should be remembered
also that this conclusion was reached without any knowledge of
the fossil contents of these strata which at that period were little
known and not regarded as a necessary element in geologic
generalizations.

The elements entering into this escarpment in different points
in its extension are somewhat variable. In Schoharie and
Albany county are at its base, the Hudson River group either in
its horizontal or disturbed condition is succeeded by the represen-
tatives of the Clinton, Niagara, Waterlime and the Lower Helder-
berg mass made up by the Tentaculite limestone, the Pentamerus
_ limestone, Shaly limestone, Upper Pentamerus limestone, or

Scutella (Becraft) limestone.

[The report is incomplete at this point for want of illustrative
sections and map which will appear in next report. |

However in continuing our investigations to the westward we
have proved that the Lower Helderberg limestones in their
lower members maintain a greater thickness and are more per-
sistent than we have usually believed. It was formerly supposed

FORTY-SIXTH Report ON THE Shee u UsBOM.
3

ee from the observations of Mr. Vanuxem that the Tad Helder. -

, berg group had its western termination about the longitude — ;

Me of Auburn or the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake, and it is in this —

3 neighborhood that Prof. 8. G. Williams has shown that thelower —
members of the group do mingle, and alternate with the Water-
lime and the marls of the upper portions of the salt group. At —
numerous localities similar conditions may be observed where _

' the magnesian sediments of the Waterlime and associated marls

2 have encroached upon the sea bottom in which the lower Helder-

} : berg limestone were being deposited and the sediments of these

_ two formations have become mingled or alternated in deposition.

At Howe’s Cave, Schoharie and other places it is not uncommon
to see the dark blue Tentaculite limestone in layers of one-
quarter or one-half an inch in thickness alternating with ©
the drab colored Waterlime in lamine of equal thickness. This
alternation continues through several feet of thickness, the blue
Tentaculite layers gradually growing thicker and the drab
Waterlime proportionally thinner till these beds of passage are
passed and we have the Tentaculite limestone gradually passing —
into thick heavy bedded layers of dark blue limestone, which on
polishing becomes a fine black marble. In going farther west-
ward this distinct alternation of beds is not so marked, but
instead a gradual mingling of the two sediments while in process
of deposition. | '

In going westward from Cayuga Lake outcrops of the Lower —
Helderberg have rarely been found showing satisfactory evi-
dences of the age by the presence of fossils through the beds
many years ago doubtfully referred to this horizon in Ontario
county have proved to be part of the formation. Later evidences
coming from the well borings and especially from the excavations
of the Livonia salt shaft have shown that the lower members of
the Helderberg limestone with its fauna represented in a few of
the characteristic fossils extend much further to the westward
than we had heretofore supposed.

The results in detail of this geological exploration will be com-
municated together with the portions of the map in which the
limits and extent of the geological formations explored will be
laid down. |

“The Peieetions made at the Livonia salt shaft by Mr. D. D..

Luther show very clearly the extension of the Lower Helderberg
- fauna to that longitude, but thus far no fossils of that age have been
found in the material of that horizon brought out from the salt

shafts on the west side of the Genesee liver. As the natural

result of the intermingling of an increased proportion of the
argillo-magnesian sediments of the Waterlime epoch with the
nearly pure calcareous sediments constituting the fossiliferous
Lower Helderberg group the ocean waters became unfit for the
support of those forms of life which so abundantly characterize
the different members of that group in its more easterly exposures.
It is no doubt true that the sediments of that age do extend
farther to the westward, but their individuality is lost, the
impure magnesian sediment prevailing over the calcareous material
of eastern origin, the whole mass becoming of a dirty gray color
and quite unfit for the support of life in any kind of organism
except perhaps a few seaweeds, or other obscure organic
manifestations. 3 .

It is in only those parts of the Waterlime group = Rosendale
limestone, where these turbid sediments are not deposited,
that the characteristicts fauna of that horizon, the Eurypteride,
flourish, and fossils of this kind are extremely rare, or altogether
wanting in the central portion of the State.

The maps, sections and reports of myself and Mr. Darton,
assistant geologist, which were originally communicated with
this report have been withdrawn since they could not be engraved
in time for publication. These will be incorporated with the work
of 1893, and be published with the work of the same year.

The report on the Livonia salt shaft, so far as the work had

_ progressed, was also communicated with the present report, but

the delay in printing has given time for completing the work
upon the shaft and the later observations will be combined with
the earlier, making a single report upon the results obtained dur-
ing the two years of observation, and the collection of material
from the several geological formations passed through in the
progress of the work. This paper, wita its maps, sections of salt
wells, etc., will be communicated with the report of the State
Geologist for 1893.

oe Ss. ee ea at

VOLDUME-ViITi tPAR Te

- Benthuysen & Sons in J uly, 1892, aud has met with an apprecia-
tive and cordial reception from students of Paleontology and
Geology everywhere. As indicated by its title it purports to be ae
“An Introduction of the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic _
Brachiopoda, ” and-its scope is therefore somewhat broader than
that of previous volumes of this series, which had to deal mainly — 4
with the presentation of the various paleozoic faunasof New
York in their order of geological sequente or in their biological
relations. The work contains xvi— 367 pages of text, accom- a
panied by 42 lithographic and 2 photolithographic plates. The: © a

Bete” purpose of the work is to give accurate diagnosis and illustra- — q
wi tions of each genus with extended bibliography and synonymy, Z
Gs and various observations on structure, affinities and distribution. —
es The history and plan of the work are set forth in the following be
‘manner in the preface: _ a
e, _ The completion of the present volume is a partial fulfillment
of a promise made at theclose of Volume IV of the Paleontology _
bi of New York, in 1867. The work is presented to the student _
with a hope that it may prove a useful contribution to science _
.. and a helpful guide in the study of that most abundant and most
j y important class of Paleozoic fossils, the Brachiopoda. Originally
i intended to form a supplementary part of Volume LV, the sub-

ys, ject has expanded to such an extent that two volumes will be

Bi required to present the results with a reasonable degree of com-
-___ pleteness; and even with this addition some very important
j matter, as the microscopic shell structure, originally intended for
is the work, will have to be omitted from these volumes. : :
: The study of the Brachiopoda made necessary in the prepara- __
fs tion of Volumes III and IV, and more especially in the latter, _

ORT r OF 71 THE, Brie Crore Grsr.

id

Se -

8 sessing quite dissimilar internal structure. The natural

: ination to propose new generic terms for members of a
of fossils which had been so widely and thoroughly studied
ur ia Ala as a restriction in the erection of new names.

as; and Eeidered as distributed through all the Paleozoic
gations. Although the genera thus far proposed had not
1 based upon a recognition of their appearance and duration
| aie time, yet ae student could not fail to discover evi-

While discussing

nto consideration the fact that modifications of organic types
had been coincident with every change, or progress in geological

ime. The great law of progress through long intervals had

Certain fossil genera have long since been

Foire as ad some as ean er and others as Carbo-
ferous, but these are never entirely restricted to the formations
Which they are said to characterize. They have all doubtless
b een derived from some remote progenitors, and at certain hori-
LO ns, or throughout certain formations have become so abundant
and so fully developed, that they are said to characterize that
tag The most abundant and extravagant forms

Bee seuted by few Pa tuale.
“4 ps Ss stated, the studies of the Brachiopoda to the close of

Volu me >» IV of the penn alogy had shown the reine of

_ modifications in geological time, to its final disappearance; or ae

_ resumed only in the latter part of 1888. a4

some investigation which should deal dirsctty. with {
tions. And moreover the science demanded the results of i
an investigation in aid of its future progress. eh fe ee
The original conception and plan of the work which the aint or
had proposed to himself was a very simple one, viz. to sele 3

the earliest representative of a genus in any of the ae
formations and to follow it through all its manifestations an .

far as these modifications should appear in the Palzozoic roc
to which he had limited his research.* With the knowledge q
then possessed and with the collections at his disposal he had
supposed that the result of such an investigation could be
embraced in a supplementary part to Volume IV, and under aae
title the work was announced. This study was commenced very
soon after the publication of that volume and its general plan —
was carried out so far as the lithographing of about thirty plates, —
when the farther progress of the work was suspended, to be — a

In the meantime the duties of the author had separated him %
almost entirely from this work, and owing to changes, over
which he had no control, in the organization and management ofa 4
the State Museum, the collections which he had planned to make —
for use in its preparation had not been made. The progress in —
our current knowledge of the subject, and that recorded in the —
publication of volumes and miscellaneous papers during more
than twenty years had been enormous, and the undertaking which
had been deemed feasible in 1867, seemed almost beyond attain-
ment in 1888. The work was resumed however, with no other —
collections immediately available for use, than those upon which |
it had been commenced. In the original plan four plates were
left for the illustration of the Inarticulata; the present volume —
furnishes ten additional plates, and the illustration of these forms
may be regarded as fairly complete, according to our present —
knowledge. |

‘The plates which were lithographed at the commencement of
the work are designated on the upper left-hand margin as

‘a
d

* The difficulty of procuring sufficiently abundant and characteristic collections of the later . |
formations was in itself a sufficient barrier, and the scope of the work did not contemplate the —
discussion of Mesozoic and later genera, except in an incidental manner. ;

_ trol. The printing was resumed in the autumn of 1890, and the

vere aes : “ay Sira,

haps
Ci ot ail Sa

o as | ees .
REPORT OF THE STATE GHOLOGIST.

163

sob

oo tm

‘ee p a

pt Volume IV, Part II.” Those lithographed since 1888 are

"designated as Volume VIII, and while the illustrations of the
first named. plates are not always arranged as would have been
done with later knowledge and more abundant material, it is

ke hoped that the intercalation of the new plates may not seriously

—

_ interfere with the proper connection and continuity of the work,
or with the facility of reference so important to the student.

Although the final numbering is XX, the actual number of pine
in the volume is forty-two.

The printing of this volume had been completed to the end of
the Inarticulata, page 183, in March, 1890, when further progress

_ was suspended, from causes over which the author had no con-

i book was in type to page 304 in February, 1891, when its progress

‘Was again suspended to be resumed only in April, 1892. This

delay in publication, which has not in any way been due to the
author, requires an apology to the scientific public; and those
authors who may have published papers relating to the Brachio-
poda, during 1890 or 1-91 which could not be cited in this volume,

_ will here find the explanation.

At the time this work was commenced the earliest known
articulate Brachiopod had been described under the name of
Ortuis, and without having the knowledge or means to verify or
disprove the character of this fossil, the genus Orrtnis was
adopted for the basis of discussion. Had these older forms been
better known, the order of the work might have been somewhat
modified. The other associated and succeeding genera have been
taken up and treated after the same idea as in Orruis; limiting
the discussion to those which seem to be a natural result of the
modification of certain essential organic features characterizing
the earliest forms of the orthoid type.

Following this order and method we pass through all the

_ Orruip#, the strophemenoid and streptorhynchoid forms in their

varied aspect and modification, and through the leptznoid forms
to CHoneTEs and the Pda proper, with NCR the series
seems naturally to end.

All the spire-bearing forms, all the RuyncnoneLtip= and
PENTAMERID# as well as the terebratuloid forms have been left

out of consideration in the present volume, believing that a more

i. Se Pe

ee a ee

'

s Z
[7 ee

+ aati a

° C6 Fn) 2 ny oe
Pt. yee ee eae 4

“

ie

ce AE aS

ate 2s <2 2 » =
Wate ties hh

inoeren SIXTH 1 Report on THE Srare ]

S f, ey SvER ut
aie and useful classification il be found in
adopted order and arrangement of the genera. | Chapter
the classification and broader relations of the genera are a7
the conclusion of the two principal divisions of the work.
succeeding part ii of volume VIIT 7 embrace the discussi

be treated essentially in the same manner as in the pres
volume. The work on the second part is already far adyanc
a a ain amount of material has been accumulated for study

_-~—s- Mencement, great progress has been saan in the study of both 3
5 - genera and species of the Brachiopoda. The late THomas Dav: |
Pe... sony LL D., of Brighton, whose life had been devoted to the oe

BR: study of ies organisms, living and extinct, made important — ,
-__ gontributions to our knowledge up to the time of his death in
1885. Essays toward the structure and classification of the genera
b were made by Zirren, (Euierr and Waacen, and communications ; aM
of no little importance relating to structural characters of genera _
and species, appeared from all quarters of the scientific world. __
ey The multiplicity of these communications is indicated in part :
a by the bibliographic tables presented in this volume; they also.
; show the wide-spread interest in the Brachiopoda, not a among
a students of biology, in their structure, morphology and taxonomy, _
} but among geologists, in their value as stratigraphical indices. —
American students have heretofore labored under a disadvantage
in the irregular diffusion of the literature of the Brachiopoda-
| Much of the European literature is inaccessible except to those

3 working in the vicinity of extensive libraries; the American

literature is so scattered through scientific periodicals, proceed-

ings of various societies, etc., as to be frequently inaccessible.
Furthermore, while the more general treatises of Zirrmn and

(Hutert may be in the hands of many, the greatest of all works

upon the subject, that of Tomas Davinson, is beyond the reach

- __ of but a very few. , |
‘With this volume, therefore, is presented, especially to Ameri-
“a can students, the first part of “An Introduction to the Study of

A

a —— ae ose),
ala Py ¥

+ RNS ‘ | ‘Report OF THE STATE GnoLoarsr.

ES eo eet ‘

a the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda,” a work not conceived
| re upon the plan of any of its predecessors, but designed to set
a 5 before the student the present condition of our knowledge of
these genera, with such discussions and illustration as will serve

most to clearly indicate what progress has been made in our
_ knowledge of these organisms and in what directions much still
remains to be done.

In the preparation of this work every effort has been made to
bring under close and careful scrutiny all obtainable material
representing the Brachiopoda. ‘The collections of no single insti-

_ tution or individual could furnish the specimens requisite for this
undertaking, and recourse has been had to all sources of material
within reach. The collections of private individuals as well as of
public institutions have been placed at the disposal of the work,
and but for such aid it could not have been presented in a creditable
form.

In the body of the work all the paleozoic genera of the
Inarticulate Brachipoda are discussed, and of the Articulate

genera, the Orthoids, Strophomenoids, Leptzenoids and Produc- —

toids. The remaining Articulate genera will be considered in
_ the second part of this work. The following list of titles, with

reference to the pages of the volume, will indicate the subject-
“matter. In this list, names of subgeneric value are inset under

their proper capital, and undoubted synonyms are in italics.

PAGE. | PAGE.
I. Brachiopoda Inarticulata. 11. Rhinobolus, Hall, 1871...... 44-46
1-184 Obolellina, Billings, 1871. ,

1. Lingula Bruguiére, 1789...... 2-18} 12. Lingulella, Salter, 1866 ..... 55-59
Pharetra, Bolten, 1798. 13. Lingulepis, Hall, 1863....... 59-62
Lingularius, Duméril, 1806. 14. Barroisella, nov ............ 62-64

2. Glottidia, Dall, 1870.... 14)15. Tomasina, nov ............. 65

5% Dignomia, Hall, 1871. .14, 15/16. Obolella, Billings, 1861...... 66-73

4, Glossina, Phillips, 1838.. 15 Dicellomus, Hall, 1871

5. Lingulops, Hall, 1871....... 18-2417. Leptobolus, Hall, 1871 ...... 78-75

6. Lingulasma, Ulrich, 1889 ... 24-28/ 18. Elkania, Ford, 1886......... 75-78

7. Lakhmina, Gthlert, 1887 .... 28-30 Billingsia, Ford, 1886.
Davidsonella, Waagen, 1885. 19. Paterula, Barrande, 1879.... 78-79

8. Trimerella, Billings, 1862 ... 33-36 | 20. Obolus Hichwald, 1829...... 80, 81
Gotlandia, Dall, 1870. Ungula, Pander, 1830.

9. Dinobolus, Hall, 1871....... 36-40 Ungulites, Bronn, 1848.

_, Conradia, Hall, 1872.8 21. Aulonotreta, Kutorga, 1848... 82

id.” Monomerella;Billings, 1871.. 40-44 Acritis, Volborth, 1869.

7, A A

a Se eee. x = ~ > 4
Nt a ne ON a wo at Fn

a ee one
pe V's f *

1.

d2.
53.
54.

. Schmidtia, Volborth, 1869 ....

. Acrothele, Linnarsson, 1876.98-101
. Acrotreta, Kutorga, 1848 . .101-104
. Conotreta, Walcott, 1889..104, 105
. Discinopsis,

. Linnarssonia, Walcott,1885. 107-109
. Mesotreta, Kutorga, 1848.....
. Siphonotreta, de Verneuil, 1845.

. Schizambon, Walcott, 1884. 113-117
. Keyserlingia, Pander, 1861. 117-119
. Helmersenia, Pander, 1861....
. Orbiculoidea, D’Orbigny, 1847.

. Trematis, Sharpe, 1847...
_Orbicella, D’Orbigny, 1847.
. Schizocrania; Hall and Whit-

.Crania, Retzius, 1781

PAGE.

22 83
23. Monobolina, Salter, 1865...... 83
24, Neobolus, Waagen, 1885...... 84
25. Spondylobolus, McCoy, 1852... 85
26. Mickwitzia, Schmidt, 1888.. 86, 87
27. Schizobolus, Ulrich, 1886... .87-90
28. Discinolepis, Waagen, 1885... 90
29. Paterina,* Beecher

80. Kutorgina, Billings, 1861 .. .90-94
31. Schizopholis, Waagen, 1885. .94, 95
32. Volborthia, von MOller,1873.95, 96
33. Iphidea, Billings, 1872...... 97, 98

1892.
105, 106

Matthew,

109

110-113

119

120-137
Cthlertella, nov..........
Lindstroemella, nov......
Schizotreta, Kutorga, 1848. 135
Roemerella, nov ......... 137
.138-142

Oe ie eect a 142-144
Recta 145-152

field, 1875

Criopus, Poli, 1791.

Criopoderma, Poli, 1795.
Orbicula, Cuvier, 1798.
Orbicularius, Dumeéril, 1806.
Craniolites, Schlotheim, 1820.
Choniopora, Schauroth, 1854.
Pseudocrania, McCoy, 1851.
151, 152
Paleocrania, Eichwald, 1860.
Craniella, Ghlert, 1888....... 1538
Cardinocrania, Waagen. 1885. 154

Pholidops, Hall, 1858...... 155-159

55.

56.
57,
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

64.
65.

66.

12.

73.
74,

75.
76.

ie

185.

Orthis, Dalman, 1898... 186
Orthis, Dalman, 1828,
. SCNSU SITIO Voce -
Orthambonities, Pander,

i AB8O?

Plectorthis, nov.. “ag ;
Dinorthis, nov......
Pleesiomys, nov. .
Hebertellia, nov.. 198,
Orthostrophia, Hall,

1888... 24. etre
Platystrophia, King,

1850: {2S ee
Heterorthis, nov... 202, 208 a
Bilobites, Linne, 1775... 204 |

ee
Dicelosia, King, 1850. tas ;
Dalmanella, nov. . 205-207
Rhipidomella, Ghlert, .

1890 .).2.31) see 208-211
Rhipidomys, Ehlert, 1887.
Schizophoria, King,1850. —

211-213 |
Orthotichia, nov... 218, 214
Enteletes, Fischer de ©

Waldheim, 1830.. 214-217
Syntrielasma, Meek and

Worthen, 1865.

. Billingsella, nov ......... 230, 281
. Protorthis,’ nov..2 2 aseeee 231-233
. Clitambonites, Pander, 1830..

233-239
Pronites, Pander, 18380.
Gonambonites, Pander, 18380.
Orthisina, D’Orbigny, 1847.

Hemipronites, Pander,
1830... SoS ae 238
Polytcechia, nov... 239, 240 _
Scenidium, Hall, 1860..... 241-243

Mystrophora, Kayser, 1871.
Orthidium, Nov ..2.. is. sae
Strophomena, Rafinesque (De
Blainville) 245-252
Orthothetes, Fischer de Wald-
heim, 1830 253-257 -

* This genus has been erected since the first!part of this volume was printed.

_ 88. Stropheodonta, Hall, 1852. 284-289

Bad, : . Brachyprion, Shaler,
; oS OSes teas 288 | 111.

957-259
e hi ROV os. es 259: 260") 98.
ya, Waagen 1884... i: 261-263! 99.

"264-266

2 eptorhynchus, King, 1850.. 267 | 101.
. 268
flccia, Hall, 1858 ...... 269-271 | 102
icraniscus, Meck, 1872. 108
Mimulus, Barrande, 1875. . 272, 273) 104
85. Streptis, Davidson, aRia vy: . 2741 105
86. Leptzena, Dalman, 1828... 276-280 | 106
ue _ Leptagonia, McCoy, 1844. 107
87. Rafinesquina, nov .......- 281-283

a Pholidostrophia, nov . . 287
Leptostrophia, nov..... 288

—_ Douvillina, Gthlert,1887.

ce 288, 289

8, Strophonella, Hall, 1879. . 290-293

_. Amphistrophia, nov... 292
Leptella, nov............. 293, 294

96. @ Lepteenulopsis, Haupt, 1878. 294
RA

x
e
Ae
sa

a

Revoes , r 03 os Sara Grox06isn :

; Ploctambadtee Fade: 1830.
295-298

. Chonetella, Waagen, 1884...
. Strophalosia, King, 1844. 314-317

114.

hoes

Christiania, nov....... .. 298-800
Leptzenisca, Beecher,1890. . 800,301

. Davidsonia, Bouchard, 1849..

301,302

Chonetes, Fischer de Wald-
hein 168%. '.:). eee . 803-307
; Anoplia, BOW! WD. Kade eee 308
. Chonetina, Krotow, 1888.... 310
. Chonostrophia, nov. .... 310,311
. Chonopectus, nov... ....... 312

313

Leptceenalosia, King, 1845.

. Daviesiella, Waagen,1884.317, 318 —

. Aulosteges, von Helmersen,
Wi Se neuen Mapai 319,320 —
. Productus, Sowerby ,1812.321-327

1847.

Productella, Hall,1847.328-332
Marginifera, Waagen,
Ute WM ee, Rae 2+ 8380-382

; Proboscidella, (Hthlert, 1887. —
333, 334.

Etheridgina, Gthlert, 1887.
335 , 336

‘During the progress of the work it became necessary to

‘introduce descriptions of a considerable number of hitherto

“undescribed species, which were needed in order to give com-

_ pleteness to the generic discussions and illustrations.
. - descriptions are included in supplements ;

These
one at the completion

_ of the discussions of the Inarticulate Brachiopods, and the other

s
s
=

at the close of the book.

_ The species there described for the first time are:

PAGE.

. Lingula compta, Hamilton 6.
2 a eae ae 171

. Lingula oes. Chemung ve
LR eC ee ae ae 171

. Lingula flabellula, Waverly 8.
Eh MA Ses tai haf om a c-3 172

. Lingula paracletus, Waverly 9.
a ge a a re 172

Lingula tzeniola (nom. nov) 10.
PLINER PLOUDE Gases <s' 0e h 6 173

1893,

PAGE.
Lingula linguata, Clinton
PEGI AUN Oe Lees win Soc ies 178
Lingulops Granti, Niagara
INNER hy es sles "site a gba a eatte e 178
Monomerella Greenii, Niagara
OR IS 2 F's was si Roe ee ee 174
Monomerella Kingi, Niagara
POM, 3 © ox.a oat Soa 174
Monomerella Ortoni, Niagara
BPOUDs. «0 Snewcmebae ess vas 175

ee) je eve @ sre ere a 6) wie 9/) Fes) 2:

Canis Patmoanet) »

Chemung group .

12. Rhinobolus Davidsoni, Niagara 30. Orthis (Rhipidomella) :
Prowl ia oO ee ae 176 Keokuk proup? 2.4.08
18. Siphonotreta (?) Minnesotensis, 31. Orthis (Schizophoriay seneeta,
Trenton limestone.......... 177 Clinton group . Bee
14. Orbiculoidea (Schizotreta) ova- 82. Strophomena Conradi, ‘Tren-
- jis, Trenton limestone ...... 177 ton group eae
15. Orbiculoidea numulus, Lower 33. Strophomena Winchelli, Tren
Helderberg group.......... 178 ton. horizon: 7.7. eee
16. Orbiculoidea Herzeri, Waverly 34. Orthothetes desid areas: WwW
OLOUP eeu tick ete 2 IS) )% ‘erly group: : 73932 eee
17. Lindstroemella epilinens Ham- 30. Derbya ruginosa, Keokuk
i ORIZEOMPI A. er be Soyo es 179 ZTOUP 2... se eee <
18. Schizocrania Schucherti, Hud- 36. Derbya? costatula, Chester
son River sroup 2o. 2.30) > 179 group’... 35. 5 er ;
19. Schizocrania (?) MHelder- |87. Derbya Broadheadi, or oak
bergia, Lower Helderberg Measures...) Sasa
yerrinagy Se th orate IN Ae 179 | 88. Derbya Bennetti, Coal Meas-
20. Craniaagaricina, Lower Held- DYES... 2... .:01nk
erber® eroup 24 2. 180 | 89. Derbya eymbula, Coal Meas
21. Crania pulchella, Lower Held- ULES 6. eee ee eee eee eee eee x
erbere eroup.. 6. OPPS. 180 | 40. Derbya affinis, Coal Measures. 8
22. Crania granosa, Hamilton 41. Derbya (?) biloba, Coal Meas-
EERE LET RES RN ane a 180 ULES 0. eee eee eee eee - 350 —
283. Crania favincola, Hamilton 42. Streptorhynchus Ulrichi, Ches- aes
TT es ie aes an 181 ter group? +, 20. a eee os) oe
24. Cranieda Ulrichi, Trenton 43. Christiania subquadrata, Low- pene
TOU ae eo latain ine Til ce 181 | er Helderberg group......._ 351 Bes
25. Orthis?’ Saffordi, Prenton 44. Leptzenisca adnascens, Lower JES
CLES T TN ly tale RUA CM eaten ies 340 Helderberg group... ...... 852 ae ;
26. Orthis? Halston (Safford), 45. Leptzenisca tangens, Lower
a Prenton, sreup oo. .5 )c! 340 Helderberg group. .:..7..3, au2) 4
27. Orthis (Pleesiomys) loricula, 46. Chonostrophia Helderbergia, __ ad
Pirentot eTOUP:. 1... < ss 341 Lower Helderberg group... 353
28. Orthis (Dalmanella) arcuaria, 47. Strophalosia Rockfordensis,
Hudson River group.....:.. 341 Upper Devonian..........—

“PAL-RONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK.

Venere TET PART.) PF.

he spire-bearing Brachiopods involves much an ee and
| careful mechanical manipulation for the accurate demonstration of
their critical characters. The utmost caution is necessary in the
rimination between the apparent and the actual structure of
‘the delicate internal spiral supports, and the investigation of these _
g - groups has, therefore, progressed somewhat less rapidly than that.
f the others. The work, however, is well forwarded, and at
ae present time 320 type-written pages of manuscript tak been
_ prepared, and 70 pages thereof were delivered to the printer on
Be epics 9th, 1892.
aoe accompanying list will show the number of genera covered.
by the entire manuscript, and indicate such divisions as it is pro-
_ posed to recognize in the work, including a certain number of
4 new terms which the necessities of the work have required and
F which are provisionally employed in the form here used.

~ Spirifer, Sowerby, 1815. !
-__ Delthyris, Dalman, 1828.
Trigonotreta, Koenig, 1825.
Choristites, Fischer, 1825.
Fusella, McCoy, 1844.
- Brachythyris, McCoy, 1844.
_ Reticularia, McCoy, 1844.
“s Martinia, McCoy, 1844.

Martinopsis, Waagen, 1883.
Mentzelea, Quenstedt, 1871.

Syringothyris, Winchell, 1863.

Spiriferina, D’Orbigny, 1847.

Amboccelia, Hall, 1860.

Athyris, McCoy, 1844.
Spirigera, D’Orbigny. 1847.
Euthyris, Quenstedt, 1871.
Actinoconchus, McCoy, 1844.
Seminula, McCoy, 1844. ©
Cliothyris, King, 1850.
Spirigerella, Waagen, 1883.

YF ae Cyrtia, Dalman, 1828.
Seeetaplasia, nov.

- Verneuilia, nov.

© rtina, Davidson, 1858.

Kayseria, Davidson, 1882.

Merista, Suess, 1831.
Camarium, Hall, 1859.

Meristella, Hall, 1859.

ane s a aan Pe as aly
170 leone SIXTH ‘Report on THE Sate Mu:

’ Dicamara, nov. ietiyachoatie ‘Weathers 1809.

_Epithyris, King, 1850. Hemiptychina, Waagen, 1883.

b Seria. Mon cee ree

i
of hy

Charionella, Billings, 1861. Protorhychonella, nov. a ee

_ Pentagonia, Cozzens, 1846. ? Orthorhynchula, nov.

~Goniocelia, Hall, 1861. Rhynchotrema, Hall, 1860. %
Meristina, Hall, 1867. _ Stenoschisma, Conrad, 1839.
‘ Whitfieldia, Davidson, 1882. . Rhynchotetra, Hall, 1879,

Whitfieldella, nov. : Cyclothyrella, nov.
Camarospira, nov. Camarotoechia, nov.

_ Hyattella, nov. _ Plethorhynchus, nov.
Nucleospira, Hall, 1859. Liorhynchus, Hall, 1860. Phen
Retzia, King, 1850. Wilsonia (Quenstedt), Kayser.

_ Eumetria, Hall, 1864. . Uncinulus, Bayle, 1878. eh

_ Hustedia, nov. Uncinulina, Bayle, 1878. ty
Acambona, White, 1862. Hypothyris (Philips), King, 1850. 1g
Trematospira, Hall, 1857. Pugnax, nov. hater es 4
Parazyga, nov. Eatonia, Hall, 1857. - ae Naaae
Rhynchospira, Hall, 1859. Terebratuloidea, Waagen, 18838. ‘ :
Homeeospira, nov. Rhynchoporina, C&hlert, 1887. St oN es
Ptychospira, nov. Rhynchopora, King, 1856. The
Uncinella, Waagen, 1883. Camarophoria, King, 1846. a eae
Uncites, Defrance, 1825. Camarophorella, nov. eek 4 ae
Hindella, Davidson, 1882. ; Syntrophia, nov. a Oe
Dayia, Davidson, 1881. ; Camarella, Billings, 1859. i
Cyclospira, nov. Parastrophia, nov. a
Atrypa, Dalman, 1828. . Anastrophia, Hall, 1867.

Spirigerina, D’Orbigny, 1847. Porambonites, Pander, 1830.

Gruenwaldtia, Tschernyschew, 1885. Noetlingia, BERS i

Karpinskia, Tschernyschew, 1885. Liycophoria, Lahusen, 1869." 7 mie

ER a | Conchidium, Linné, 1760. ia hogy
eerie ; Pentamerus, Sowerby, 1818. a

Zygospira, Hall, 1862. ; 2 dell

Batis os. nov. | arrandella, nov.

Glassia, Davidson, 1882. Sieberella, Gthlert, 1887.

is Pentamerella, Hall, 1867.
Anoplotheca, Sandberger, 1856. Gypidula, Hall, 1867.
Bifida, Davidson, 1882.

‘ Capellinia, nov.
Anazyga, Davidson, 1882. Beanconia, Gagel, 1890.

Coelospira, Hall, 1863. Clorinda, Barrande, 1879,
Leptocoelia, Hall, 1857. Stricklandinia, Billings, 1863. ea
Clintonella, nov. Amphigenia, Hall, 1867. 7

The genera remaining for investigation are not numerous and
are composed largely of the Terebratuloids. To these are to be
added some small groups whose generic relations and broader
affinities are somewhat uncertain. The ground to be covered is
represented by the following titles :

Stringocephalus, Defrance, 1827. Waldheimia, King, 1850. .
Terebratula, Miiller, 1776. Cryptacanthia, White and St. J ohn, | .
Dielasma, King, 1859. 1868.

Report or THe STATE GEOLOGIST.

Centronella, Billings, 1859. Fichwaldia, Billings, 1858.

_ Cryptonella, Hall, 1861. Aulachorhynchus, Dittmar, 1872.

_ Scaphiocoelia, Whitfield, 1890. Richthofenia, Kayser, 1883.
Hallina, Winchell and Schuchert, 1892. | Lyttonia, Waagen, 1883.
Rensselaeria, Hall, 1859.. ‘| Oldhamina, Waagen, 1883.
Megalanteris, Suess, 1856. Almadenia, Pohlig, 1892.

Notothyris, Waagen, 1883.

Plates. During the years from 1871 to 1881 eleven plates of
Spirifers were lithographed and the entire edition printed in

_ preparation for this work. During the progress of the work on

volume VIII, part 1, 1889, five additional plates of this group of

fossils were lithographed and printed. Besides these we have

now twenty-four plates drawn on stone, some of which have been

proved, but none are as yet printed. These together make a_

total of forty plates which may be regarded as finished for the
second part of the volume. Tor the proper illustration of the
work about twenty-five more plates will be required, the draw-
ings for which may now be considered as essentially completed.

GroLtogicaL Map oF THE STATE.

A geological map of any country or portion of country is of
the first importance to its inhabitants. The limits of rock
formations where they contain valuable minerals or otherwise
is of importance, and in fact there is no rock formation of any
considerable extent but has its economic importance in every
country which may come under the domination of civilized man.
At the outset there is an effort made to learn the limits and
distributions of the rock formations and their mineral contents.
Early geological maps of any country are necessarily crude.
The accuracy of the geological representation must depend upon

_ the degree of perfection of the geographical or topographical

:

+
m*
i es
; Baa 2

-maps which may be used as the base for illustrating the geology.

We therefore find that not only the geological maps but also

_all geographical maps of any country, are, in their inception and

early stages crude and incorrect, giving only its larger rivers and

higher mountains which are the main features of the country,
_ but much is represented from incomplete exploration or given by
Inference or imagination. As an illustration of this condition our
_ people are at this moment gathering together all the old maps

which can be found in any part of the civilized world relating to

Prt ee

i;

A

mh be oniea and the Ce aa of Golimnben and [
ah ie ali who followed him. These maps have oe mi

a degree of exactness which will enable them to withstand |

features of the country may be represented in a general way :

among scientific men, it is not prudent for any man to ee

Be ueioea maps.
producing geological maps will be more accurate than tis
graphical maps on which the data were recorded. Itis not ne
sary to make an apology for this state of things; it isan ay ut

efforts presented on geological maps of half a century ago, a yu
remember that only a small part of our country has yet been s

investigations of the next quarter of a century. ‘
The Hueaneutal: topographical as well as the seosrapht

upon the ordinary geographical map, and it is only when we
_ attempt to carry this representation, of geological teatime into.

Oetn the salient features of the country that we find the noe | 4
of more accurate geographical maps. In the prevailing ee ae

the limits of geological formations otherwise than from the most
carefuland critical investigations, leaving untouched and uncolored —
those portions of country he has not hen or which es
be examined with present means, or under existing conditions. |
Both in geography and geology the temptation always comes to
extend the area of our knowledge beyond that which we have —
actually determined by carefully traversing the country. Both —
the geographer and the geologist labor under the same difficulties —
and temptations; each one fearing to leave unrepresented and
uncolored any portion of country which he has even but cur- q
sorily examined. In the present condition of industrial knowledge,
where each rock formation may have an economic value, the pres- _ ;
entation of a geological map to the public incurs grave responsi-
bilities, and it will be far better to leave uncolored those 4
portions which can not be satisfactorily represented, than 4
to color in its entirety any map of a state or a portion of a state

i “not Peaieally examined. Momaves; since with aetinany means

no one can be absolutely sure of every mile of area, it is far | BS:
Pisefauiile to leave uncolored such portions of the map as are not ik iy
"accurately known. If this could be once generally understood . Z #
_ these uncolored portions would represent to the student, areas of — i:

_ country which have not been sufficiently examined to be repre-
_ sented on the map, and that these areas offer opportunities for
study and the chances of discovery of new facts. If the commu-
nity would accept this view of the subject the best geographical
map might be colored to indicate the limits of formations as far 5
as accurately known, the other parts being left for investigation, te
and the results of such investigation published each year, and es

}

A

:

{ee ee

added to our stock of accurate knowledge by coloring some
additional portion of the map. For while it may be said that .

leaving uncolored some parts of a map is a confession of our ignor-
ance, we may respond that to color every portion of a map is iy
only an attempt to hide our ignorance and a practical deception of
_ upon the community. | ‘
ee
k i

~~ a,

The first geological map of the State of New York ever seen
_by the writer was one accompanying the geological text-book ti

published by Amos Eaton in 1830. It is needless to say that ws
_ this was a crude attempt to recognize in the geological forma- x
tions over the greater part of the State of New York, an identity f
with the secondary formations of Great Britain and Europe. It
is scarcely necessary to say that such a map could be not only of we

no value to the student on geology but a constant source of
misleading.
_ Upon the organization of the Geological Survey of the State
of New York, one of the first objects sought was maps for iz
laying down the limits of the geological formations. At that Ree
_ time there were no accurate maps except of small parts of coun- ‘We
_ try, and the best resource was found in Burr’s atlas of the state et
and county maps of the State of New York. There seems to te
have been no approximately correct geographical map of the eS,
state available for the use of the geologists for recording their a
t observations. At the close of the survey a small map was s
t engraved expressly for the use of the geologists in laying down a
the limits of the geological formations. This map from the 4
ie

¥
i of
ac.
.

4.3 Ragas ar
By gay ax

; eo ce

ee ene limits of yi state a eae ee ae
| and Vermont to its western extremity was about ~
_inches and its extreme limit from north to south | ‘

were doubtless Ae from the best maps extents but - che
afforded very unsafe guides for locating the — of
geological formations.

among the boyere formations, with the exception of the ys -
yw metamorphic and partially altered rocks of the eastern and 1d north- él

eral ais to the Ecoles structure of the State of New toe ; 4
This map is still nseful in showing the ae distribution of the

a the formations on the east side of the Hudson river. The af
index or legend, and the colors of the grea representing the a
“primary system,” were followed by the Potsdam sandstone and —
thence in regular sequence of the formations from that horizon — .

to the Catskill mountains, or the Catskill group, inclusive. There

a was no difference in color between the metamorphic rocks of

southeastern New York and the older gneisses and granites of

the Laurentian area of the Adirondacks in the northeastern part —
of the State, and of the Highlands of the Hudson River. The —

metamorphic limestones of the southeastern part of the State, a

now known to be of older age even than the Potsdam sand- —

R stone, were not separated by color from the limestones of the

: Trenton period.and no sandstone older than Potsdam was reco: og

y nized on the map as published in 1842. ae

The Catskill group in its westerh extension was represented as .

terminating abruptly and the limits between the formations of —

Chemung and Catskill were considered as trenchant lines, making —

y

fm had not been fully determined; and even at that time a hope

‘la expressed that the State might recognize the necessity of
ra paeine on with its work to the ebiuplotion of 3 a geological map

an “A cal formations.

Ata later period, 1844, Prof. Emmons published an agricultural

_ reports. This map was published upon the same base as the

original geological map of the State. The coloration was almost —

_ precisely the same on all parts of the map west of the Hudson
river. From the northern limit of the State and the adjacent

river and crossing to the west side below Rhinebeck, a belt of
color was introduced to show the supposed limits of the “Taconic
_ system” of rocks, although no mention of the name is made or
any indication in the color legend of the map. The map, how-
ever, is fully described on page 361 of volume I of the “Agri-
culture of New York.” A description and discussion of the
rocks of the Taconic system and of its individual members occu-
pies chapter five, pages 45-112 of the volume. Since 1844 this

re
ae

York accessible to the student and to the public.

This “agricultural and geological” map of Dr. Emmons, fol-
_ lowing so soon after the publication of the State map accom-
panying the reports of the four geological districts, doubtless
prevented any immediate effort to secure the means of pre-
paring and publishing a more accurate geological map of the
State.

Since this map has been extensively distributed without any
accompanying explanation, it may be well to reproduce in this

- :

cited above.

a by the arn of the State asa guide in the study of its geologi-

and geological map of the State to accompany his agricultural —

- part of Vermont, extending along the east side of the Hudson

map has been the only geological map of the State of New —

i eae

ae
Sa
ge Ce we

ae

Pee My toc
ey a ae oe

_ place the original description of Dr. Emmons from the volume —

Ske Ss > ie ¥
ee. nee
Be oh Sg ee ee Oe

| > 3 ~

Fo RTY-SIXTH ‘Report on THE |

54

-Duscrrerion OF THE GuoLoeicat Mar Accompanyin
ae | oF Dr. E. Emmons. ;

Breas 3 This map is a reprint, in the main, of the map ae )
panies the first reports. Important additions, however, have |
made to it. Parts of Vermont, Massachusetts and Connectic
_ are now included. In addition to these the range of the Tacon:
system is colored and made a distinct part of the map. It occu
pies a belt extending from the Canada line to New J ersey anc

‘Tappan bay on the North river, below the igh ‘This

| ‘the Pichtands: the older part passing on the east side interes
the Hudson at Peekskill, and the superior portion passes on the

ohn of Orange. The primary rocks of Massachusetts, Ver
fo ..mont and Connecticut, which lie in a position nearly parallel to. : |
the Taconic system, are colored with lake, and the Taconic sys- aes
- temadrab. By this addition the relative positions of the ee ;
York, Taconic and Primary systems of New England are indi-
cated. We may see the great primary nucleus of New England ° aE Es
as it disappears beneath the oldest sedimentary rock now known, a
composing the Taconic system, and the disappearance of the ; a
latter beneath the New York system. The New York system ge
continues the superior system until we reach Green bay and the
sources of the Menomone river, where the Taconic system once __
more appears, supporting the lower members of the New York _
‘system, and reposing on, and supported by the Primary, as in~
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vermont. ee
“The narrow belt of the Taconic system is a remarkable fea-
ture in the geology of this country, it being an immensely thick oa
series, which seems to have been deposited in long and remark-
ably deep seas that resembled profound clefts in the os of Thess: ia
earth.” "4
“The different members are not distinguished by colors ; the - :
difficulty of locating them with that degree of precision whiee
is required in a map, was considered a sufficient reason for omis-
sion. The oldest or inferior member, the gray sandstone or
granular quartz, lies upon the primary in the range of Williams- / —
town and Dalton, Massachusetts, and Arlington, Vermont. The
Stockbridge limestone forms a belt immediately west, and then —

Bye ta?

1
ee
BS
a
e!

ene
ia

Chie atid

TT

2 Ci located with some degree of pepe when it is Ped

that the tunnel of the Great Western railroad passes through it,
~ which i is not far from the line bounding New York and Mase
setts. The members are regarded as the inferior rocks of the
Taconic system. Still west of them there is a wide belt of Taconic

P ‘slates, which contains many subordinate beds of limestone and

- siliceous slate, and which frequently supports the outliers of the
lower members of the New York system. The Taconic system, as

a whole, may be regarded lithologically as an immense slate sys-

tem, with subordinate beds of sandstone and limestone, both of

which are more largely developed upon its eastern border adja-
cent to the Primary system.” :

“The New York system is colored like the former map, which

| accompanies the volumes already distributed.”

Notwithstanding the published discussions, controversial or

otherwise, regarding the Taconic system, which were carried on
during many years after this publication, no portion of the area —
described in the map was ever carefully studied or mapped until ©

within recent years. Prof. Dana, Prof. Dwight, Mr. Ford and
Mr. Walcott have contributed to our accurate knowledge of this

region; so that at the present time comparatively little remains

to be done to complete the work.

During the later years also careful geological work has been
carried on in New Jersey and in Pennsylvania, and the results
in the former are published in a carefully prepared geological
map, while in the latter State the final map is in a forward state
towards publication.

In the final discussions among the New York geologists pre-

| -paratory to the publication of the geological map and their final

reports, it was discovered that much remained to be done in
determining the relations between certain formations everywhere,
and more especially in the eastern part of the State. But as
only six months were allowed from the time of closing: the field
work to the presentation of map and reports there was no time
or opportunity for review or revision.

The proposition to recognize, upon the map, the Taconic system

proposed by Dr. Emmons, was rejected by Mr. Mather and

a
aes) eh

a ee - hte. oe

~

Potsdam sandstone as a distinct group worthy of recogni.

embarrassing; and without the time and means for the staff to

Lewis and Jefferson counties which were ite ‘belo ‘th ge

tion. The difficulty of the position and surroundings in being
compelled to decide questions when the facts were not of ~
common knowledge to the four geologists, rendered the situation — Me

visit and review the doubtful or disputed points there seemed no
other course left but to sanction the mapas published. Atthis
distance of time and with the accumulated knowledge coming —
from all sides, it is easy to criticise the work done upon the geo-
logical map published sixty years ago. This map, however, has
served as the basis for later work; and supplemented as it was’
in 1843 by a geological map of the Middle and Western States,
published in the Report of the Fourth District, we have hada —

fairly good basis for work among the Silurian and Devonian
rocks of- New York and of the States west to the Mississippi

valley. This map of 1843 presented the first attempt at a :
correlation of the rocks of New York, and the east, with those
of the west; traced through a thousand miles in extent

_ by their fossil contents, at a time when not a tithe of these
fossils had received names, and most of them were entirely

unknown in scientific literature or nomenclature. It was an
attempt also to carry the nomenclature of the New York system
of rocks into the western States, which later investigations in the
same direction, have rendered acceptable, and which have become
established in the literature of the geological reports of all these
States. Crude and imperfect as such a map must necessarily
have been, complied from all sources within reach, not always
fully authentic ; supplemented and verified by some thousands of
miles of travel, it has nevertheless, by the testimony of impartial —
authority served a very useful purpose to the geologists of later

_years. Nearly sixty years have passed since its publication, its

errors have been pointed out sometimes with acerbity, but almost
universally treated with leniency, and the map with commen- —
dation, as having served a useful purpose in the infancy of our
investigations in the Paleozoic rocks of North America. :
When placed in charge of the work of the Pazlontology of
the State in 1848, it was natural that I should desire to rectify

ae any” Atetakes and misinterpretations of the past by a determi-

ie

s,

nation of the fossils of the several formations, and to substantiate

_ the sequence of the formations as proposed in the New York

reports by such evidence.
_ During the earlier examinations of the western portion of the
State with the knowledged then possessed, it was naturally

inferred that the conglomerates lying upon the hill summits and

high grounds of Alleghany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties

_ were of Carboniferous age, and it was only after studying the
_ few fossils found in these strata that they were proved to be

of the age of the subjacent Chemung rocks and it was therefore
necessary to relegate them to a lower horizon. Therefore the
Carboniferous rocks as indicated on the original geological map
of the state, except in the case of a small area to the south of the
Olean, have been proved to be of the age of the underlying
Chemung rocks.

One of the most notable and interesting questions in discussion
at the close of the survey, had reference to the Oneonta sand-

stone and its relations to the Chemung and Catskill groups. In_

the later discussions upon the subject by the New York State
geologists, and in their final meeting to adjust the nomenclature
no satisfactory solution of the difficulties surrounding this subject
was reached.
The Oneonta and Montrose sandstones of the annual reports
of Mr. Vanuxem were in his final report merged in the “ Catskill
group,” and the most characteristic fossil which lies at the base
of the Oneonta was designated as Oypricardites Catskillensis.
Mr. Mather, in his final report, used the term Catskill Division
to include the Montrose and Oneonta sandstones of the annual
geological reports and Nos. [X, X, XI and XII of the Pennsyl-
vania geological reports, and gives in great detail an account of
the lithological character of the series of strata constituting the

the successive terraces of the eastern mountain slope of the
Catskills.* »

* Upper members of the Catskill mountain series of Geological Reports for 1840 and 1841.
Montrose sandstone, and Oneonta sandstone of Geological Reports of New York. Old red
sandstone, probably, of Europe. Nos. 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the Pennsylvania Geological Reports.
Old red sandstone, No.9 Mr. Conrad's arrangement, (Geological Report of New York, 1839
p. 62.) Final Report First Geological District, page 299. 1843.

ts

: Reronr ov rH s

. the Chemung group, really rested directly upon hed
of the Hamilton group, and the quarries cited by Vanuxem
containing Chemung fossils really convamed only characteri

the Hamilton and Chemung groups, and the arenaceous beds.
3 the former group in that region of country had been referred to

summit, in the iiehberkoba of Oneonta, showed very olcate res :
that rocks carrying characteristic Chemung fossils rested directly eS |
upon the top of the Oneonta sandstone. In exploring the —
country further southward and south-eastward, there was found —
a belt of gray and greenish-gray shale and sandstone carrying ay
Chemung fossils, lying above the Oneonta sandstone, and suc- |

at _ ceeded above by red marls and gray grits and sandstones Bie oem
2 formed a part of the Catskill group in its western exten i,
aed Repeated examinations of this region through several years,

although cursory in their nature, confirmed these first observa- :
tions; but it was not until 1870-71 that the country was mapped — a
with anything like accuracy in regard to the relations of these — A
formations. This map, however, was never published, and es
remains as a record of the results of field work of 1870, although _
the work of previous years had been incorporated. Following —
this period for several years no extended or systematic field
work was carried on, and our increasing information was
obtained from desultory observations, and the comparison of ©
fossils collected in the region named; but the subject of inquiry
was never lost sight of, and scarcely a year passed without adding ~
something to our knowledge or suggesting some new point of
inquiry. |
: In 1880-81 still further progress was made in the investigation
of the Oneonta region and the extension of these formations to _
the east and west. This work, chiefly done by Mr. Andrew
Sherwood, under my immediate direction and supervision, con-
firmed and extended the conclusions reached in 1870, and in
previous years. The result of these investigations was recorded
upon a post route map of the State, with the following title and
legend.

=
i.

ae n, the southern part of New York and adjacent parts of
2 Pennsylvania, to show the relations of the Catskill group to the
_ underlying formations of the Chemung group, Oneonta sandstone

, _and portage group; combining all the previous observations with
at the field work of 1881, by Andrew Sherwood, under the direction
of James Hall, State Geologist.” This map, like all the preceding
2 records, was never published and still remains in possession of the
a State Geologist, as a record of field work done and recorded up
_ to the date of 1881. Other maps and portions of maps likewise

- containing more or less of the records made during all these
_ years remain still in the possession of the State Geologist, and
under the present conditions are of no other value than as

evidences of progress of work and the dates upon which it was

performed.

_ The following extract from remarks made before the American
Institute of Mining Engineers, will give some idea of the pro-
gress of the geological map since 1883 :

“In 1883 I had combined, upon a small map of the State, the

information which we possessed at that time, and communicated

the’same with my annual report to the Legislature. The report

was published in the regular course, but the special appropriation
made for the map was vetoed by the Governor.

“Not discouraged by this untoward and unexpected circum-

stance, work was continued, and every effort made to render the

_ map more complete, preparatory to its communication with the

— next annual report. I brought together all the information

within reach, whether published or unpublished, reviewing and

revising, as far as practicable, the work done by myself and
assistants in southern and south-eastern New York.

“Up to the autumn of 1884 I had been working alone, and
unaided, without any means whatever from the State, to complete
the field work, and to bring together the knowledge which we had
gained from various sources, and that which I had acquired from
my own investigations and from assistants employed on my per-
sonal account, with the purpose to embody the whole in a geo-

logical map of the State. At this juncture, and having no one
— to act as cartographer, Major Powell, with characteristic liber-

Epetincy Es map including a Sect of the Catskill

ot, ing
8 sent Mr. MeGiee, |

. of accuracy ; and a new base was hes and. finally 7

under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey
‘ and under the supervision of Mr. McGee. Upon this ma
i laid down the geology of the State so far as accurat
approximately determined. The title of this mapis:

PRELIMINARY GEOLOGIC Map
of
NEW YORK,

,

_Exhibting the Structure of the State so far as known.

)

Prepared under the Supervision
of

JAMES HALL, ©
State GEOLOGIST, |

: :
| W. J. McGux. aa

3 | Scale 1: 300,000. tg
Bled hs | 1885.

eet his report of 1884, hai the map referred to ina , resolution of the Ragas Bae Es
‘the ~University of the State of New York, January 7, 1885, and afterwards — ae

communicated to the Legislature in February, 1885, with the annual report of < “e * 4
fe 7 the State Geologist for the year 1884.” . ANS ua

‘ -

a
nh am
eh

i.

: iy ork far “Report or THE SrarE GEOLOGIST. 183
“co-operate with the State Geologist of New York in the prepara-
tion of a geological map of the State. In response to this proposi-
tion of Mayor Powell, the following resolution was passed on

January 7, 1885:

Resolved, That the Director of the Museum be authorized to arrange with
the Director of the United States Geological Survey to co-operate with him in
the work of perfecting a geological map of the State of New York, and that
in the meantime the director be authorized to transmit a copy of the map in

its present state to the Legislature for publication as a preliminary geological
map.”

A copy of this map was communicated to the Legislature in

February, 1885, with my annual report for 1884; and an appro-

priation was made for its publication, which shared the fate of
the preceding one.

Encouraged by the action of the Regents of the University,
Mr. McGee, with the approval of Major Powell, began the pre-
paration of a map more elaborate in character, and upon a larger
scale, than that already presented to the regents and to the Legis-
lature. It was distinctly understood that this resolution of
co-operation contemplated the appropriation of means for carry-
ing on field-work in portions of the State requiring special atten-
tion, before we could consistently make use of this map for laying
down the limits of the geological formations. But while money
was freely spent for almost everything else, none was ever
allowed for the geological map to enable co-operation with the
Director'of the United States Survey, and I was again thrown
upon my own resources. In the meantime, however, the work on
the base-map was progressing at Washington, though latterly
almost abandoned because of the apparent apathy on the part of
the State of New York as to the result.

In 1888 the large base map then in preparation under the
direction of the United States Geological Survey, was so far
advanced that a photographed sheet of the western half of the
map was colored and brought before the museum committee of
the Regents of the University, and shown to some members of
the Legislature in the hope of securing some action towards the

publication -of the map, but nothing could be accomplished at.

that time.
1893. 24

This map was Sects ae ais © following ti

_ revision. Estes
PRELIMINARY GEoLoarc Mae iN
ae
NEW YORK,

Exhibiting the Structure of the State so far as knee ne

Prepared under the Supervision

of

JAMES HALL,

STATE GroLocisr,
a F | by
ek W. J. McGzx. ys
Ba | Scale, 1:300,000,
1888.

four Geological Districts nt the other accompanying the relent ;
on Agriculture by Dr. Emmons, stimulated the public, and
(ag especially the agricultural public to the study of the geology oft x
the State, and for a time it seemed likely that investigations

:. in geology and its relations to agriculture would be continued by _

me the State Agricultural Society and by local societies, following
the example of Albany and Rensselaer counties of twenty years — c.
or). previous. | a

The following list of publications relating to geological surveys —

_ of counties and parts of the state from 1820 to the present time
will give the student a reference to sources of information regard- 3 :
ing the earlier geological and agricultural work which may not _
be current in our more recent publications. P a

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND MAPS OF PARTS OF
THE STATE?OF ..NEW:. YORE:

1820. Amos Eaton and T. Romeyn Beck. Survey of Albany county. (No aa ; ¥
1822. J. H. Steel. Geological structure of Saratoga county. (No map.) eae
1828. Amos Eaton. Geological and agricultural survey of Rensselaer county. >
‘ (Profiles. ) se
1824. Amos Eaton. A geological and agricultural survey of the district —
adjoining the Erie canal, taken under the direction of 8S. Van Rens- _

selaer. Part 1, rock formations and geological profile extending from if

the Atlantic to Lake Erie, aa

Brin. ‘aa Paaecin oF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. — goth tae

a ie. ‘

Se oy Ses

0, iA Eaton. A geoldgic fest book accompanied by a geologic map of oo
the State of New York. nin
1842, E Emmons. Geology of New York; report 2d district; map of the | ¥
. county of Jefferson, geological map of Clinton county. =,
1849. Asa Fitch. Survey of Washington county. (Two maps.) a
1851. J. Delafield. Survey of Seneca county. (Map.) ave
1851. G. Evans. Survey of Madison county. Ree
1852. Ledyard Lincklaen. Survey of Madison county. (Map.) b a
1853. W.C. Watson. Survey of Essex county. (Maps.) “ae
1860. G. Geddes. Survey of Onondaga county. (Maps.) i
1862. G. Denniston. Survey of Steuben county. 2 a
1868. G. Denniston. Survey of Orange county. I ne
1884. B. H. Wright. Notes on the geology of Yates county. (Map.) Ne pe,
1885. J. M. Clarke. A brief outline of the geological succession in Ontario 2a
county. (Map.) . ey:
1885. C. E. Hall. Geological map of Essex county. Me
1888. E. B. Knapp. Onondaga county. San

I communicate herewith the report of Professor John M.
Clarke, assistant paleontologist, giving an account of the condi-
tion of the collection of fossils in the State Hall, and showing the
accessions from various sources; and the work which is going on
in the arrangement and distribution of this material to which
reference has already been made. The most interesting collec-
tion is that made by Mr. D. D. Luther, at the Livonia salt shaft,
which will give us the exact horizon and the vertical range of
species in a section of the strata measuring nearly 1,500 feet. It
is hoped that we may be able to give a very complete account of

this collection with illustrations, of at least some of the new i
species, in the report of 1893. Some steps have already been 4
taken in this direction and unless some unforeseen interference shall 44
occur, the entire report upon the Livonia salt shaft in its piysice Pee

and faunal aspect will be presented in that report.

_ The collection sent by Mr. Raymour of Kansas City, Missouri, at
illustrating the fauna of the formations in the towns of Cass and iy
Waverly, Cass county, Indiana, is a very interesting one, the col- |
lection containing numerous representatives of the faunas of the
-Corniferous and Hamilton horizons without any indication that
these formations are separated from each other by a change

of lithological character or otner conditions. For the sake of ae
geologic science it will be an interesting inquiry to determine
whether there may not be a line of separation between the two *

186 | Forrr-s SIXTH r Revorr on THE sa arena

Bi ay
a ae

southern Indiana.

In the report of last year Mr. Clarke communicated * list
the original and illustrated typical specimens of the Palee
__ Orustacea of the collections at the State Hall, making a total o
i 496 Specimens, with citations of all publications where such i

, 368. ee

er hens.
i ain _ It isa great misfortune that for so many years past we he
. had no draughtsman connected with the museum staff and have —
fs been unable to obtain drawings for illustrating our e's HS

such expenditure, while outside of that no illustrations can hee py!
furnished. It is quite impossible for any scientific organization S
to progress without the means for the illustration of the scientific — e
work of its staff. : ae a

It is to be hoped that our condition may at some time enable __
us to prepare and publish an illustrated catalogue of all these eo
fossils, together with those which are to be communicated in the ‘ : "4
future. fig

In the south room (No. 39) of the building which is occupied by
Prof. John M. Clarke, the assistant paleontologist, there are 188
drawers occupied by types and typical specimens which have ~ oa
been used in the preparation of the preceding volumes of the
Paleontology. There are 480 drawers occupied by collections
now in use In the preparation of work on the Paleontology. A
partial catalogue of these collections was communicated with
my report of last year; including the Crustacea. The work on
the catalogue has been continued and a second portion is com- ~
municated with this report. It is intended, as just mentioned,
that the work of preparing this catalogue shall be continued
during the ensuing year and the result communicated with the ~ —
next annual report. hi.

It is a great misfortune that, at the outset of this work, —
it could not have been carried on in some public building where ~
by

REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. —
1 gradually accumulating collections of specimens for the
at \ Palxontology of the State could be stored or arranged, and
where working rooms could have been had for the accommoda-
tion of the State Geologist, his draughtsman and assistant.
These conditions, which were not brought about by any action
of the State authorities, compelled the State Geologist to erect
buildings on his own grounds at his own personal expense, and to
arrange in those buildings the material collected for use in the
__-preparation of the work. From the commencement of the work
in 1843 to 1856 all the collections of fossils were made at the
‘personal expense of the State Geologist. From and after 1856
provision was made by the Legislature for the collection of
specimens in the field, and from this source an enormous amount
_ of material was obtained — material which has greatly expanded
the work, and added largely to its value as a contribution to

q geological science. All the collections thus acquired remained |

arranged in drawers or otherwise from the commencement of
their accumulation till 1886. As the work progressed the types

- rated from the mass and kept by themselves, thus remaining in
‘my possession and under my control for thirty years. In 1886
___ these specimens were removed by order of the Chancellor of the
Board of Regents to the State Hall and placed in drawers ina
separate room, to which I had no access for two years, and to the
drawers containing the specimens I bave never had access up to
the time of the present writing.

a It is a great satisfaction to me that Mr. Clarke has undertaken
the task of cataloguing these specimens, with citations of place of
} publication, locality of the specimens, name of collector and date
of collection, which will make the work a valuable book’ of
reference for students in the science. The completion of this
work may serve in some measure to set at rest the question as to
what has become of the types and typical specimens belonging to
the State.

JAMES HALL,
State Geologist.

and typical specimens coming from these collections were sepa-

OF THE

ANT PALAONTOLOGIST, —

ae ea | Aupany, December 1, 1892.
Jamms Hatt, LL. D., State Geologist:

>
_ Sre.— During the past year my time has been largely devoted
____ to the investigations and other work connected with the prepara-

2, and with the printing of the first of these parts. Your own
_-_—«-report contains a detailed statement of what has been accom-
P om plished i in this direction. It is proper that I should add to the

- contributed directly and largely to the quality of our Museum
collections, by bringing into a condition suitable for exhibition or

abundantly represented group of fossil animals, the Brachiopoda.
No attempt has been made during the year to inaugurate any
changes in, or make any considerable addition to the exhibition
collection in the Geological Hall. All additions to this depart-
ment are received at the State Hall, where they are studied and,
if space permits, placed in drawers; otherwise they are repacked
in boxes and stored.

The collection of Lower Silurian fossils purchased in 1890 of
the late William P. Rust, of Trenton Falls, has been removed
from the drawers which it occupied on the Paleozoic floor of the
Geological Hall, and been incorporated with the serial collection
of New York fossils in the State Hall, where it has become
accessible for study.

Since the completion of the original drawings for the eighth
volume of the Paleontology of New York, Mr. Ebenezer
Emmons, who had been engaged in that work, has been occupied

tion of the Paleontology of New York, volume VIII, parts 1 and —

account there given that this work, which involves much labori--
- ous and painstaking preparation of specimens to be studied, has

x for the studied reserve of the collection, a great number of this .

ee eae Fs = T
—— ay er 7 Ses.

in the arrangement and ‘egndene: nen of ite serial colle |
the same time making up a number of smaller serial colle s
for distribution among the educational institutions of the State.
- This work, if carried to completion, will supply us with
a limited number of school collections which can be furnished
upon demand, and not by the usual laborious process of havin;
to search through the entire collection for the requisite material
_ Besides this it will also serve the more important purpose of —
protecting our reserve collection, which has already in some —
places been encroached upon. This is a vital consideration in
view of the fact that of late years field collections, upon which _
the department must largely depend for its supply of material
for the schools, have been almost entirely suspended, while the
demand for these school collections has not decreased. pis tee
The most considerable and important addition to the palzonto-
logical collections during the year has been the material sent in
by Mr. D. D. Luther from the salt-shaft near Livonia Station, —
Livingston county, N. Y., in. pursuance of investigations for
which a special appropriation was made by the Legislature
of 1892. Of this material we have now received in all
about 130 boxes, most of them since the beginning of
the fiscal year. This material, mainly composed of fossils
from the Hamilton, Marcellus, Corniferous, Oriskany and
Waterlime formations, has been unpacked, washed, ticketed, ~—-
critically reviewed, and finally repacked in boxes as our drawer —
space is now all occupied. A selection however was made of speci-
mens of especial interest, and these occupying about twenty-five
drawers, are now in the south-east room on the top floor of the
State Hall. This remarkable collection, made from a single and
consecutive section of rocks upward of 1,400 feet in thickness, con-
tains a large amount of high grade material and enriches the
Museum with many undescribed and rare species of fossils. The
supreme interest in this collection rests upon the evidence it affords
in regard to the succession of fossil faunas. Consequently I have
spent much time in the careful identification of the species from the
various horizons. Each specimen bears the record, in feet, of itslevel
or depth from the mouth of shaft, and we are therefore able to sum-

The:
eds ih

ee oe >
SE re rey We ca' oa
ba a we ean bi
eee oe Ee. So ae ees

oe

Pe ne, Pe

~~

oe ‘

ere S Re tee

a Be eer 7 , : . tty | : ;
oa Ruporr or THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 193

ily a marize the succession of the faunas in this section in such a manner

c ,

ms
\

as has probably never before been possible in an equal thickness
of the Paleozoic rocks. These data have been brought together

on the basis of the geological section prepared by Mr. Luther,
— which will be communicated with the final report on these —

investigations. The value of such a communication would
be enhanced by the description and illustration of such
new or little known species as have been obtained from the
shaft. Unfortunately, however, there is at present no portion
of the Museum appropriation available for drawing and we are

_ therefore seriously handicapped in any effort to illustrate our

collections. It might be suggested that the investment of even a
moderate sum for drawing, pays, not alone because of the
increase in scientific value of the specimens so illustrated, but
their intrinsic value is thereby greatly exhanced and the Museum
is thus substantially and materially the gainer. .
Among the interesting additions to the general collections is a

- series of fossils from the Corniferous limestone in the towns of

Cass and Waverly, Indiana. These have been generously pre-
sented to the Museum by Mr. E. H. Raymour, of Kansas City, Mo.,
in return for identification of species. Theassemblage of species
is essentially the same in both these localities and comprises an
intermixture of forms, which in the New York sections where the
faunas are more sharply differentiated, characterize partly the
Corniferous limestone, partly the Hamilton shales. The fauna is
suggestive of that occurring in the Hydraulic and Encrinal lime-
stones, lying above the Upper Helderberg group at the Falls of
the Ohio, but the typical Corniferous limestone species are more
abundant. It appears to represent both of the faunas men-
tioned. The detailed stratigraphy of this region is not reported,
but all the material examined from the two localities is identical
in lithological structure and fossil contents.

- the felting is a

List oF Seeerne IDENTIFIED!

ous reine 3

Waverly.
stone, N. We

Bhynchonella PCURUSi a te siane’ Aap CI oe 35 eg
SEIOTST OF GU avis bite cciboida us aie rane
Me Pentamerella ATOLD...- eee e een cce cee eccenenees =
&. di >

*

leeviuscula SR Le ETRE ES

ee _ Camarospira ? eucharis (abundant)........... *
ss Atthyris spiriferoides........c.cce csc ees Awe ob bbe

SE PAOD YT MCTICULATTS 6 oie ivan se wie ou eels susesnee'e ss *
ig i : pines: FUMIE UES aaa c/s Wain So 6 S58 5 ish's oipel> 54
; et 7 Sp. RPLMCEE MANUS oe Seti len ais AER See tino ie
be, Sp. MACTFONOLUS OF ASPET ....eececeeveecee
alert Sp. REEUATICOUUUS woke oo eee eee ete
ee AD: segmentus Se Oke a inne pas On Ae eis erai as

RHHeKKHEH HH HX

:
a Sp. BPM Vales bicintee ss aa ae oe Wilaee aa ktsts
- Frematospira nireain SE ae iors Seer ae
zh Stropheodonta MOC QUISTTEOLE A. OL 20 Dace bak

eee KH
* %

*

ie aS A hemispheerica ......+...005. Gt ease
hg TAA CUPUIUURECD EDS xin wisieyc os Misionnla gin Wo aria 8 Sate
ren SEE A OALCLELUL TUL UICCULG, ~ < vio'sn vice seis da canta enews
- Aviculopecten terminalis .......cccceveescvceee
_ Conocardium trigonale ......... 00. ccc ce eee eee
Se CUDTICHT AIL TNACNTOs 6. 5 s,b je hs o's aes Lr ecaitts
S, . Paracyctas elliptica..... 02.0.6. cccee eee Misihst
eR ELLY CCT ES CTECLUNE . ci vo = <n sje sss so Me be scin inhale
PS Orthonychia CONCAUVUM. 2... cee eee e eee cee
See TOUONUDRALUS DECOWL 65 be vce nas ne banceaeseccns
Peleroniion F elope so. lias shins Tothivsills a vats
EN REIMER I AS TEN 3 leita (dio enone osha os 8a diene oon aiele
= sles UT EGRECUM SDS WU ting veiaida cs sa baskloneemoaey i? CO
_ -«~Proetus crassimarginatus ....... fee ava eerste ha Bis a
a ee, MUMCTOCEDRWS 2.5 oa a.s oot Lieies even oeine *
i “PRACOPS Cristata Var. PipQ.......cisevecsevcees

* *

Ak RH H&K

Khe K HH RH HHH HH KH HE
%

*

* This is a small shell with iow, sparse plications which are prominent at the umbones. The —
surface is covered with fine, linear, radial striae, a type of exterior ©
which is rare in the Devonian. ra

+A species with a sharply carinate nodose dorsum, each node being ee /

ie produced into a stout spine. This is altogether a novel style of orna- wy
: ment among the Bellerophontids. It is interesting to observe that near ~
ba the aperture where some of the species are broken off, it is very evi- we
ay — Cyrtonella hor— dent that the latter were extensions of the outer shell-layer only, and did _ ‘ 2
: rida, Sp. nov. not open on the inner surface of the shell. | rae 5
ro Some fossil crustacea of considerable interest, and new to our —

collections, have been received. Prof. J. F. Whiteaves of the ©
Geological Survey of Canada, has sent specimens of his recently-
. described Phyllopod (?) Anomalocaris Canadensis, from the
“Cambrian fauna of Mt. Stephen, British Columbia. From the
Peabody Museum, Yale University, through Prof. C. E. Rondiaas q
we have obtained an interesting series of the Cambrian ic :
Ptychoparia Kingi, numbering about sixty specimens. By pars 2a
chase the museum secured from Mr. L. G. Rexford, a remarkably — ‘

rey eon or THe SrarE @ROLOGIST. —

t

hg sandstones in the quarries at Rew.
| a ford Flats, Saratoga county. The fact
that: fossils have been almost unknown in
these rocks renders this large and entire
he - trilobite altogether unique. Principal J. M.
_ Dolph, of Port Jervis, has contributed a series
of fossils from the “trilobite ledge” at that
isha place, among them an interesting undescribed my. cephaion of Dalman- nes
ate _ Species of trilobite with the general aspect of — ites Dolphi, sp. nov.
_ Dalmanites dentatus, Paes but having the row of marginal
: spines restricted to the anterior curve of the head, and the spines
themselves much ‘produced on the frontal margin. ae
Types ond Typical Specimens.— There has been a prevalent ~ N,
and unwarranted misapprehension, which has sometimes led to 5:
__- misstatements, in regard to the number of types of fossils or
original specimens from which generic and specific descriptions ——
ate have been drawn, belonging to the paleontological collections of r

a #4 _ the Museum. aieh specimens form an important element in the

eee scientific valuation of any collection, and, therefore, to have — a4
i definite information with reference to their number and char- i 3
i acter, as well as to afford convenient lists for the use of workers _ i
both in and out of this Museum, I submitted to you in my last ‘
a report a detailed inventory of all types and dlustrated specimens ‘5
; of the Paleozoic Crustacea in our possession, with a citation of ee
¥ every work in which such illustrations have appeared. This list
Pr, summarized as follows: i.
: Original specimens .......... eypess <i oe i Gide euler Mowe each eer . 248 .
: Total meet RE MRCONMION A hia Shy wie te fy ve aioe wet Oke 496 +
Ee _ Herewith I communicate similar lists covering the Annelida ae
and Cephalopoda, of which the totals are: a
Bi emeenenre mm ATA UNIS 2 I. dy eh ca Dead oy os AUR des aie be ER 205% 4 if
: See Oiar Wea ttCO SPECIMENS). 5). 4). ')0 sce <a ood le’ Y oespe dd gerk aaa 408 vs P

It is my desire and intention to continue these lists in future
reports, until we have a completed statement of the number of
__ our typical specimens of fossils of all zoological groups. |
Respectfully submitted, ap:
| J. M. CLARKE, | 3
Assistant Paleontologist.

Additions Lo. the Geological and Paleontolo
| Collections During the Year 1891-92. —

By Donarton.

‘The Albany Institute, Albany, N. Y.:

yh Collection of Fossils as listed in the Report of the State —
Pe iaeolooisttor-1890-1, about). 2. ie ee BAN: rats

John Young, Esq., Glasgow, Scotland :

Athyris trinuclea, Carboniferous limestone, Glasgow .....
_ E. H. Raymour, Esq., Kansas City, Mo. : a ih aN
Platystoma, Oorniferous limestone, Hagarsville, Ont.. |
ae Amphigenia elongata, Serena limestone, Hasarar aie é
Ren IR eS oa) EON OLE MMR TERR SMES |
—— Euomphalus Dicberte, Corniferous limestone, Cass Co., Ind.

-Spirifer divaricatus, Corniferous limestone, Cass Coe Ind.

et 58, jimbriatus, Corniferous limestone, Cass Co., Ind. .

_ Trematospira hirsuta, Corniferous limestone, Cass Co., Ind.

Camarospira eucharis, Corniferous limestone, Cass Co., Ind.

Lerebratula Harmonia, Corniferous limestone, Cass Co.,
BTEC ET Ge, Niels oie hime wealthy Uae" ee Be
. Sprrifer Gbradius, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind.. = 8
- Athyris spiriferoides, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind. 2.

_ Atrypa reticularis, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind. . 4 AG
— Productella navicella, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind. 3 saat -
Rhynchonella Horsfordi, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, = ae
Marre As haha ad etka a ot hh Pe Likeacbahas ac een ee oat
Pentamerella leviuscula, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, We
i Tanah Citi Sc. BA De a BPs,
ie. dubia, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind, 11 —

— Camarospira eucharis, Corniferous limestone, Waverly,
Mend’. ks wees: oA Ale ise taht bey Bvt ALU Re

aE Srare Goroorst. 198

‘9 a) < a 42 eae Number of —
by a Rr ; % specimens, —
ratula setlist Corniferous limestone, Waverly,

wae ©. eee a2 hee eee eS) Cy Oe! oo «0 aie. 6 ve ‘Vy, 05a Je fa a eco s,s) BY

sp. n., Corniferous tations, Waverly, Ind .
cf. Lipa Corniferous limestone, Waele.

Ve oe np ae Ane Mics el SCARE SE RIE Mba TAS 5 a

Ee ?% Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind...... 37
* Bellerophon Pelops, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, Ind. 4a
‘ "Miscellaneous brachiopods, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, a a iy
aN SEE SEs AS aT Deel e 308 ee
lamellibranchs, Corniferous limestone, _ | ke

| amor lye tLichet ci ne foc gs Set yeaa 9 e
gastropods, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, _ ee *

ALB SIAL Gade SOU RT ie PAAR aaa cE PCa BT ae

trilobites, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, oy

EL A ae oh tte Ga gee wok wes Coe > eae

crinoids, Corniferous limestone, Waverly, } is

MARAE RE Ghee S07 can Seuhl as 1 ES WARES i ny aa 5 af

i Limestone containing ed Corniferous limestone, Cass Me tata ‘’
eS NEE ES ct i Ree oO a Me 2 0 50
ws Strophendonata mequistriata, Corniferous limestone, Peru | 4
4 SE eas SEP OP chs een oa ean 2
— Camarophoria sp. n., Corniferous limestone, Peru, Ind.. 8 aS
Terebratula Harmonia, Corniferous limestone, Peru, Tab: 1 Webi ty he
; Oryptonella rectirostra, Hamilton group, Leicester, N. Y.., 2 ie
_ Spirifer Keokuk ?, Chester group, Valley City, Ill....... i)

Fe ams » Coal measures, Kansas City, Mo ..... 3 ae:
Athyris subtilita, Coal measures, Kansas City, Mo....... 2 oa

_ Athyris, Coal measures, Weston, Mo................... BD: sha vn
i _ Productus costatus, Coal measures, Webb City, Mo...... tL Re
q i Orthis resupinata, Coal measures, Webb City, Mo. ..... be hae :
ee orele striatocostata, Coal measures, Weston, Mo...... 1 ta

_ Fish remains, Lower Silurian, Cafion City, Cal .......... 18.) ) a
Prof. Samuel Calvin, lowa City, I[a.: im
Fossils illustrating section at Littleton, Ia., (See Rept. dg
me N.Y. State Geologist for 1890-91)....... 22.4... oe
Me ‘ Dr. D. F. Lincoln, Geneva, N. Y.: ice 6
ys gee sp. noy., Corniferous limestone, near Geneva, ‘a
> Cee uae Re Es ee Nhe Sy RA Re a lol i ‘a

,

ee ie

rébocoras Sp. oes Comniferous 1 limestone, near ¢

lef te ee et te: fe te tee ee Se) fe. [eerste eyes lake, ee kee

,
te € ee) 3s) el 6 = ee 60 «je se ae eee) Se o as 0 a ow eo jw, etia @ ona) sep alee

a PD itcerions sp.? Hamilton group, near Bellona, N. ve

Prof. Henry M. Seely, Middlebury, Vt. : a
‘& ossils from the calciferous beds, Fort Cassin, Vt........ _

Fossils from the calciferous beds, Providence Island, Vt.. e
Fossils from the calciferous beds, Shoreham, Vt....... ee.
“es Fossils from the calciferous beds, Beekmantown, N.Y...
Fossils from the Chazy beds, Ferrisburgh, Vt.. eo
a Fossils from the Chazy beds, Sawyer’s Bay, Vt..........

George Sisson, Esq., East Berne, N. Y.: bat
- Devonian fossils, Albany county). 0.0050. 0.) os

‘ Prot J. F. Whiteaves, (Geological abc of Canada),
_ Ottawa:

_ Anomalocaris Canadensis, Cambrian, Mt. Stephen, B. C. xen oT ‘

Peabody Museum, Yale lester ( through Prof. 5

C. E. Beecher): in

_ Ptychoparia Kingi, Cambrian, 8. E. Nevada ....... ss

Asaphiscus Wheeleri, Cambrian, 8. E. Nevada...........
Pe \
. The State Geologist. _ Trilobites from the Cambrian
shales at Ratcliff’s Mill, Hanford brook, New Brunswick: $3:
; Harttia, Conocephalites, Paradoxides, Agnostus, etc. A . ode
Sa) Mist will be'given hereafter’). 00.00) 0. af 5,
4 The Assistant Palzontologist. Etchings from ba i

*) Hamilton group, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.:

;

CURED) Sh yee Pp eco hs. ss emis +o Re
IS PEEOTILOPOUS 50 So Pe te tna nla 0 note eae cig a
MA OUS Ss. sa. oN) ws bs sso CORO et
RAMEN | us wire ass coeeye , atte. bs nem
Mee rilobites,. .....<.+655-5 A RNS TS yl: oh SR ies:

op

By Exon anon.

;

. ae Davis, Esq., Alma, Mich. : | Meee
ot of fossils, Hamilton group, Thunder Bay, Mich.. ... Bon 4

a Slab RE CLOGS MALDON «6 oo ie a Dae oes Yale I 2 *

i “Sequoia ajjims, Kocene? Florisant, Cal ..............53.. 2 : i

_ Planera longifolia, Eocene? Florisant, Cal ............. 1. ee

Pre hary 2°;

| Myricophyllum callicoma, Eocene? Florisant, Cal ....... pris cn

Glyptostrobus Europeus, Eocene? Florisant, Cal......... east. 4

ee Pe zeke Haydeni, Eocene? Florisant, Cal.......... ites Lees *

au Populus os Rocene# > Piomsant, ‘Cali c.f... 5208 cae 1 s ;

‘Prin. J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis, N. Y.: ; ee

i anes from the trilobite ledge, mostly Trilobites and as vm

as _ Brachiopods, Lower Helderberg(?),-Port Jervis, N.Y... 918 welt

gap By Porcaase. a Rs

.: _L. G. Rexford, Rexford Flats, N. Y.: : aa

| Feotelus 7 maximus ? A large and entire individual from the...) is .

- Hudson River sandstone pine stone), Rexford Flats. . bi ee

| By Co .ecrion. baie a

rn Betonis Salt Shaft (D. D. Luther): . | 4

- Rocks and fossils from the Hamilton, Upper Helderberg, Bare.

_ Lower Helderberg, Oriskany and Onondaga formations. 4

Forty-eight boxes. at

; aa

: Martin Sheehy and W. F. Cooper : ea pea

_ Graptolites and Brachiopods from the Hudson River slates __ A ae

> at Mt. Merino, 13 m. 8. E. of Hudson, N. Y........... 600) = ae

aD Total specimens (in drawers)..........00000eeeeec. 3,119: i

r ie Ens es eS 48. f
eeeagog. 2 i. 96

Ry E>.

: the en and Illustrated ae he

PREPARED BY JOHN M. CLARKE, ASSISTANT PALASONTOLOGIST.
fj pe

of the Original and Illustrated Specimens i
the Paleontological Collections. —
Pro eo eT’.
ANNELIDA

1868.

EUNICITES, Ehlers.
EHunicites ?

iB of M. Clarke, in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geolo-
Berict, , 1887, p. 30, pl. A 1, fig. 28. fe.

Bai? Hamilton group. ee N. Y. | ae,
a J. M. Clarke purchase. She

1879.

a

NONITES, Hinde.

nonites.

‘s ie “Hamilton group. "Canandaigua, Ney. |
BE Fr’ et . J. M. Clarke purchase.

-s a
ARABELLITES, Hinde. 1879.
Arabellites sp.

‘ Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist,
i pre. p- 30, pl. A 1, fig. 23.

‘Hamilton group. Canandaigua, N. Y.

4 hs J. M. Clarke purchase.

- Ditto in 6th ‘Aiba Report of the New York State Geologist,
“p.0, pl. A l, fig 24.

By. _ _Hamilton group. Canandaigua, Ne

a | J. M. Clarke purchase.

_ Ditto in 6th Annual report of the New York State Geologist, 1887,
“p80, pl Avil fie, 25,

s if Marcellus shale. rma ae Ne oY:

J. M. Clarke purchase.

Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist, —

~p. 30, pl. A 1, fig. 26. : aes

tay _ Hamilton group. Canandaigua, N. Y. | \ eae
Ben: J. M. Clarke purchase. — ,

PRIONIODUS, Pander. 1856.

| Prioniodus ane a ae 187 9.

Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geol gist, ;
Pp. 30, pl. A 1, fig. 22. ‘
Naples shales. Naples, N. Y.

4

J. M. pe :

1879.
Polygnathus serratus, Hinde. 1879.

POLYGYNATHUS, Hinde.

iG

fg | Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 35, p. 365. ae

- Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist,
‘p- 30, pl. A 1, fig. 21.

Maples shales. Naples, N. Y. | Mee

Polygnathus cristatus, Hinde. 1879.
Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 35, p. 366.
Ditto ; in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist,

pl A 1, fig. 20. he
aN Naples Shales. Naples, N. Y.

Polygnathus solidus, Hinde, 1879.
Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 35, p. 365.

a Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York ota Geologist, p.

Bis pl. A 1, fig. 11.

ee Naples shales. Naples, N. Y.
AS. M. Olarke purchase.

ve

Ae =

i , hl Polygnathus tuberculatus, Hinde. 1879.
ou hig | Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. 35, p. 366. ica
C i ‘Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist, pe

pl. A 1, fig. 17. ii
Bey Naples beds. Naples, N. Y.

oe

¥
e ¢ New

—

Naples N. Bt

~

ee dubius, Hinde.

3 abe beds. Naples, N. Y.

ie an Naples, N. Y.

‘York sat Ga

“

~

ee uw. Gliarke purchase. a :

1879.

J. M. Clarke pertne

“ore: in 6th Annual Raport of the New York State Geologist, By 30,

Naples, N. Y.

>

we re
ew bs
Ce

. Al, fig. 6: ..
r © Naples beds. Naples, N. Y.

ey J

pe fig. 7.
Bp ples beds.

Naples, N. Y.

J. M. Clarke PN Lae:

ae Bey Je
ag Ditto i in on Annual Report of the New York State Geologist, p. 30,

J. M. Clarke purchase.

J. M. Clarke purchase.

_ ‘
tea
a ro a

os

Ditto. in 6th eka Report of the New York State Geologist, p.- 80, eat,

Me Dito i in 6th Annual Report of thie oe York State
= A rE Thee Sea

P . "Naples ihe See N. a:

Sins Ditto i in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geolo
bey: om a, fig. Ge
: wie beds. Naples, N. Y.

Ps M. Clare pure

Pay!
. 2

is: in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist,
a ae rea ey
Naples beds. Paes NX.

J. mM Clarke pure

| s
e Ditto in 6th Reciiat Report of the New York State Geologist
Boo. A, fig. 14. es

ee IN apes beds. Naples, N. Y.

Ditto i in 6th Annual Beane of the et York State to Geog ;
—oph A 1: fig. 15.
at Naples beds. Naples, N. Y.

"4 » i Ditto i in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist,
4 = pl. A l, fig. 16.
a Be? pouty beds. Naples, N. Y.

Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologisem
Pn Hal figs 19, |
aff Naples beds. Naples, N. Y. s { .
A oe eee ‘Clatiee purchase.

+ . p> he ae a ’
ees Polygnathus Vanes Hinde. 1879. ; oe iu
a Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 35, p. 366. a a

— Ditto in 6th Annual Report of the New York State Geologist, P. 20,
pi. A 1. fig. 9.
ae Naples beds. Naples, N. Wi

. Paleontology = New York, vol. 5, pt. 2. Suppl.=vol. vii, i 116,

ee

Niagara group. / Waldron, Indiana. :
Collected by C. D. Walcott and C. Van Deloo, 1878. a

Suppl.=vol. vii, it a

= See oso: Walia Indiana. |
Collected by C. D. Walcott and C. Van Deloo, 1878.

etOeS Cornulites tribulis, Hall. 1888.
Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2. Suppl.=

ah

pete group. Hopewell, NOY;

CE PHALOPODA.

ORTHOCERAS, Breyn. 1'782.
Orthoceras laqueatum, Hall. 1847.
Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 12. .
Calciferous sandrock. (Locality ?) New York. :
Geological Survey collection.

Orthoceras primigenium, Vanuxem. 1842. ,
Geology of New York, Report Third District, p. 36. : :
Palzontology of New York, vol. i, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 11, 11a.
Calciferous sandrock. Near Fort Plain, N. Y. 3
Geological Survey collection.

Orthoceras tenuiseptum, Hall. 1847.

Paleontology of New York, vol. 1, p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 6.

Chazy limestone. Chazy, N. Y.
Geological Survey collection.

Orthoceras fusiforme, Hall. 1847.

Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 60, pl. 20, fig. 1.
Black River limestone. Watertown, N. Y.

Orthoceras coraliferum, Hall. 1847.

Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 312, pl. 85, fig. 3.

Utica slate. Turin, N. Y.
Geological Survey collection.

Paleontology of New York, vol. i, pl. 86, fig. le.

Hudson River group. Lewis county.
Geological Survey collection.

Orthoceras simulator, Hall. 1882.
Eleventh Annual Report State Geologist of Indiana, p. 322, pl. 33,
figs. 1, 2.
ears group. Waldron, Indiana. .
Collected by C. D. Waleott and C. Van Delo, 1878. 4

Collected ph C wy. Walcott and C. Van Deloo, 1878.

Orihoceras elec. Hall. 1859.

Beeb ntclogy of New York, vol. vii, p. 346, pl. 72, figs. 5a, b.
shores Helderberg group (Shaly limestone). Schoharie, N. Y, -
. J. Gebhard purchase. —

Orthoceras arenosum, Hall. 1859.

ee of New York, vol. iii, p. 480, not figured.
a Oriskany sandstone. Sanghandes NY:

J. Gebhard purchase. a

Orthoceras masculum, Hall. 1879.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 238, pl. 78b, fig. 1.
Schoharie erit. Clarksville, N. Y.

| Orthoceras cingulum, Hall. 1879.
_ Paleontoloay of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 240, pl. 76, fig. 2.
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

ane J. Gebhard purchase. |

~ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 76, fig. 3.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. | | .
| | Wes J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras Pelops, Hall. 1861.

Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 45.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 35a, fig. 6.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

\ J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 35, figs. 2, 2a, 3.
Schoharie grit. The Helderberg, N. Y.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 35,
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 35, fig. 1,
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

| J. Gebhard purchase.

Coleted by tn Vi “an

g

- Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, ae 35a, £ figs ,
¢ ae. Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y. : Ag ee
Me Collected by R. P. Whitfield and C. Van Deloo, |

4

_ Palzontlogy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 35a, fig. 4 i
Schoharie grit. The dtolder bers; IN EY .

E Pe ceoniclogy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 78h, fig a eel
Re Schoharie grit. Knox, N. Y. mee
Bei 3 Collected by C. Van Datoo, 1 1862

Orthoceras tantalus, Hall. 1879.

- Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 241 pl. 35a, fig. 7. .
Schoharie grit. silanes INS Y:

a : Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 35a, fig. LOcees
eoane grit. Clarkevalle, ING Ye

a Pile steations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, y 35, fg
: . 5 ie. on
| Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 35, fig. 10.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. haa

| J. Gebhard pura |

< 13 Pie pedions of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 35, fig. ae

Apart). ies
3 Paleontology oF New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 35,figs.8,9. oh ;
e Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. © vig “ise ‘

ma J. Gebbard purchase.

. es | Orthoceras fluctum, Hall. 1879. | R esek:

; Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 239, pl. 76, figs. Pe 6).
Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.—

. Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. ., pl. 76, figs. 4, 7.
‘Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.

Wore idon. Hall. +1876.
Ill. Devon. Fossils, pl. 35, fig. b.

ontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 35, fig. 7.

Schoharie, N. Y. | )
J. Gebhard purchase.

5 ne 4 \ at | : :
: oe 4 Beis ostotogy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 8; pl. 78b, fig. 8.

7 aa Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. a

: . 7: J. Gebhard purchase.

- Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 35, fig. 3.
+ Pans)
| Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. bo
. | J. Gebhard purchase.

oe f: Paleontology of New York Vollv; pt. 2, pl./8i,, fig. 13;
Schoharie Grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

}

J. Gebhard purchase.

AWA Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 112, fig. 12.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N.Y. |
: : rr J. Gebhard purchase.

_ Paleontology of New York, oe V, pt. 2, pI 112, fig. 13.

anne grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase ‘

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 112, fig. 14. Reh:
Schohorie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. eee
J. Gebhard purchase. —

5. __ Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 35, fig. 1. (0.

x By: Pelops).. 3
Paleontology of New York, vol. v. pt. 2, pl. 35, fig. 5. Bs!
; 4 _ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ae

J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 45, fig. 6. | a
‘Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. Re
| J. Gebhard purchase. |

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 76, fig. 1. ¢ a.
Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y. ae
Collected by R. P. Whitfield and C. Van Deloo, 1861.

My Ce esiiloy « of ee You Sal: Vv, Len Be sae 78, ,
_ Schoharie ceo Near ee fue » jc ee

| Palwonoluy of Nee York, vol. v, pt. 2 2, aN ne ‘gyi 5.
_ Schoharie Sa Schoharie, N. M:

rN

od Gebhard preh

ee icles of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 6.
oy Ss grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Paleontology of New York, vol.’ v, pt. 2, pl. 77, tien es
Schoharie grit, Schoharie, N. Y.

tee of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 4. ,
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. aR
J. Gebhard 1 purchase.

\

ee: Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 1
“ - Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase. ‘

ee 4 Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 2. ree
___- Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. :
Oe J. Gebhard purchase, |
e Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 77, fig. 4. ‘oe
‘ iy = Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. fa
Be J. Gebhard aio ice
win Bacontolod of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78, fee Se.
‘Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ms
e : J. Gebhard purchase,

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 35, fig. 4.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. | Ka
J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras collatum, Hall. 1879.

i, Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 252, pl. 80, fig. 1 ,
or Schoharie grit. Schoharie N. Y. af
ye J. Gebhard purchase.

ie

aA

Bthiocee ae Hall. 187 9.

mtology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 235 , pl. 75, figs. 1, 3.
The ay areas IN, .

Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 75, fig. 2.
“e Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
Be, Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Orthoceras tetricum, Hall. 1861.
Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 45.

i ontdlozy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 80, fig. 2.
. ser Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
: Collected by CG. Van Deloo, 1862.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78b, fig. 4.
pe. ~ Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, WY.
ee é Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

7

J. Gebhard purchase.

~

a Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 80, figs. 5, 6. Lee
ae Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N.Y. ~
: Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862. —

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 80, fig. 9.
Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Orthoceras procerus, Hall. 1876.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils: Cephalopoda, pl. 35, fig. 4.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 36, fig. 15.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. F

oe. J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, ae Vv, pt. 2, pl. 35, nese 16: By 73 Ase

3 Pie 1 i

_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

a ; | J. Gebhard purchase.

Le 5 \

‘= Paladutoley of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78 A, figs. 2, 3.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
i J. Gebhard purchase.

oe ve ae ee
“Schoharie, N. Y. 2

ae a)

- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78 A, figs. \
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

:

Be aconioligy | of New York; voliy, pt2
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

8 Gebhard pur

- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt.
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. , aha
aa hs she Lo, : AS. Gebhard pure

-

2, pl. 79, figs. 5, ge a

EP oieaatolory of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 79, figs. 1, 8.
orn grit. Schoharie, N. Y. |

J. Gebhard = 1
4 f e ie ‘* x \) ,

Orthoceras carnosum, Hall. - 1879. ee

bP altontclony of Naw York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 258, pl. 39, fig. 1
Schoharie oak, Schoharie, N. Y. ik

-

be ta Bae, Orthoceras Sond Hall. 1879. :
a: Tlustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 36, fg
a ne CIS baculum). |
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 36, Be ws ; pl.
fe, 42
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

ad. Gebhard purchase, —
, wie | oe ach hear

7 plies taticns of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 36, fig. 4. |

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 36, fig. 3.

a Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. |
RS Bhi J. Gebhard purchase. a
“Paleontology of New York, Kol v, pt. 2, pl.79, fig, 3. ‘aia ue Re
5 Schoharie grit. Schoharie N. Y. | Bao
oe | J. Gebhard purchase.

J. Gebhard purchase.

ala rontology of New York, vat v, pt. 2, pl. 112, figs. 5, 6.
hoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras pervicax, Hall. 1879.

Pa Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 257, pl. 79, fips. 9, 10. ‘

«ce grit. rae NAY.
tia J. Gebhard iets

Eg Orthoceras oppletum, Hall. 1879. )
| Patmos of New York, vol. v, Ne 2, p. 248, pl. 81, figs. 9,

53,

J. Gebhard purchase.
\ WA
% | Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
, J. Gebhard, purchase.

Orthoceras vastator, Hall. 1879.

; © Patwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 243, pl. 78, figs. 1, 2.
. _ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

_ Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78, fig. 3.
_ Schoharie ak Schoharie, N. Y..
ee J. Gebhard purchase.

vI Bacuitiey of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 78, fig. 4.
8 shoharie grit Schoharie, N. Y.
i J. Gebhard purchase. —
1893.

Be

a a oe 8 Pe ee ee Rta L Ss & &. me
bs Tears 8 BS Cela erat aio! x _
, j J ‘ -
f a4 ‘
‘

ae 2. P

216 Forty-stxtH Report on THE State Museum. : ty

Orthoceras pravum, Hall. 1879. rd +4 ‘i Parke
(= O. tetricum, Hall, 1861, Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 45.)

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 36, fig. 2.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 255, pl. 36, fg. 2.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. yy
J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 81, fig. 1.
Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 81, figs. 2, 5; pl. 112,
eee:

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ;
J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, a 81, figs. 3, 3 pl. 112,
fig. 16.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, J A ge
J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 81, fig. 6.

- Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
| J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 81, fig. 15.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras medium, Hall. 1879.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 254, pl. 79, figs. 11, 12.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras Thoas, Hall. 1861.
Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 47.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 41, fig. 1;
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 41, fig. 1.
Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase,

re ehnre Rit £ pats Ena ne

006! cin i 9 a PIT fo. x

astratior onian Fossils, 1876; ceaeeatint ae ‘ty ee ape he
Bs oy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1888, pl. 41, fig. 2. Fi js
ferous limestone. Schoharie, BS SEs ch |
J. Gebhard purchase.

n itésy of New York, vol. V, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 41, fig. 8.
c yrniferous limestone. Clarence, N. Y.
ollected by C. A. White, R. P. Whitfield and C. Van Deloo, 1860.

it Pe stlestrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda pl. 41, fig. 5;
. - Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 41, fig. 5.

: a oe grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ‘
i * a Pe > J. Gebhard purchase.

arc .

y Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; beakers pl. 41, fig. 3;
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 41, fig. 3.

a. ; | Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. |

J. Gebhard purchase.

a Fe istzations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 41, fig. 6;

Bs: Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 41, fig. 6.
; Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
| J. Gebhard purchase.

‘ag Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 78b, fig. 5.
_ Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
ees aes C. Van Deloo, 1866.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 80, fig. 10.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
| J. Gebhard purchase.

De Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 80, fig. 11.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
‘She tey J. Gebhard purchase.

q "Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 112, figs. 7
| a Corniferous Euneatone. Caledonia, N. Y.
Collected by C. ie White, 1860.

= > 3 Pe iy whe a ‘
Vth pee Eee eee

ie ih 43, fe ye
Schoharie grit. hohe 0s ae es

‘ao History, pl. 7 7, fig. 25 Hivewatinns of Devonian Fossils, 1870, a

ye lopoda, pl. 43, fig. 2: and Paleontology of New York, vol. v
EST a 5,

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

_ Illustrations of Devonian. Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 43,
and Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 43, fig. ae se
oo grit. Schoharie, N. y.. i

Orthoceras duramen, Hall. 1886.

pl. (117) 1, fig. 1; Paleontology of New ou vol. v, Be ps Sop]
wool: wi, p. 25, pl. 117, fig. 1. Ae

‘Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y. | ier
Collected by C. Van Detoo, 1 186

Orthoceras sceptrum, Hall. 1886. ue :

Fifth Annual Report of the New York State Gaclogee ‘Es
pl. (117) 1, fig. 2; Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl.
vol. viii, pl. 117, er 2. |

Upper Helderberg limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y. ite i

: Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Orthoceras inoptatum, Hall. 1879.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 267, pl. 112
Corniferous limestone. Clarence, N. Y.

i 9, 1

: “Orthoceras a Pion, Hall, “1861.
‘Deser. New lie Fossils, p. 48.

Besos; of ee York, vol. v, pt. 2, pi oy, fig. § 5.
nit erous ee Black Rock, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

Orthoceras Thestor, Hall. 1879.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 302, ee 82, fig. 18.
M Marcellus shales. Schoharie, N. Y.
age J. Gebhard purchase.

I

Orthoceras Marcellense, Vanuxem. 1842.
Geology of New York; Rept. Third Dist., p. 147.

>alwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 278, pl. 83, figs. 10, 12.
ao limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y.
Collected by H. H. Smith, 1873.

an asontology of New York, vol. v, p. 2, pl. 83, fig. 1.

-Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y.
Collected by H. H. Smith, 1873.

Bt Byes Sa limestone. Mar cate Ny: Y.
ee Collected by CO. A. White, 1860.

. ¥ ay Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 83, fig. 6.
_ Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y.
: ) Collected by H. H. Smith, 1873.

‘ ea Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt 2, pl. 83, fig. 9.
iq _ Goniatite limestone. Marcellus, N. Y.

my iv ; Collected by OC. A. White, 1860.
A a Palzontology of New York, ae v, pt. 2, pl. 38, fig. 6.

- Goniatite limestone. Falls of Oneida Creek, N. Y.

Orthoceras aptum, Hall. 1879.

| Rr aheoncsloge of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 38, fig. 8. .
pe BE Goniates limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y

Goniatite Tieeane: fa Loah N. Y.

sf ae y

*

Orthoceras rudens, Hall. 1886. we “ RY

Fifth Annual Report of the New York State Geologist, co 7
oes Bote. 2

Palzontology of New ee vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. vol. vii, DP

118, fig. 1. : So 4

_ Hamilton (?) group. Livingston county, N. Y. ‘e4

Pickett purch ast eae

Orthoceras subulatum, Hall. 1848.
Geology of N. Y.; Rept. Fourth Dist., p. 180.

Bae ontoloey. of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 84, fig. Tt eae
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. eee
Collected by O. Van Deloo and H. H. Smith, 187: ae

> -

ae te Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 84, figs. 6, 10. net.
he Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. es

at

Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Delaps 18 a a

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 84, figs. 7 i, ee ire
ys Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. er
Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.

: Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 84, fig. 8. ia
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. Nw 8
Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, Leta

Se ‘

& : | Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 86, figs. 1, 2. barn
tae Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. af

; at Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874,

. =e
; : ees
ome Orthoceras exile, Hall. 1861. i es
us oe | Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 50. <i e
Re, i Fifteenth Annual Report of the New York State Cabinet of Natural

History, 1862, p. 78, pl. §, tig. 5. on 4
-_ [lustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 39, fig. 8.
a Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 39, fig. 3.
Hamilton group. Cazenovia, N. Y.

ew , si LY, ott a pl 85, he. ia,
Norton’ s Tandin g, Cayuga Lake. —
oh an % Collected by J. W. Hall, 1866.

tology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2 pl. 85, fig. 15.
milton group. Norton’ s Landing, Cayuga Lake.
| Collected by J. W. Hall, 1866.

Orthoceras Telamon, Hall. 1879.
H Paleontology of New York, p. 291, pl. 83, figs. 3, 4.

ae

_ Hamilton Sr Osy:, Canandaigua Lake, N. a

Pe tecaistosy of New York, pli sanhe, pha’.

Collected by R. P. Whitfield and J, W. Hall, 1858.

Orthoceras emaceratum, Uall. 1879.
neh | 15th Ann. Rept. State Cab., p. 170.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 85, fig. 16.
é en group. Jaycox’s Run, Geneseo.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1865.

Orthoceras Bebryx, Hall. 187 6.
Pillgatrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, Expl. pl. 39, fig. 2.
% | Paontaog of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 39, fig. 2. ? :
Hamilton group. Cazenovia, N. Y. rs :
| L.. Lincklaen, donor.

By Pleentology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, sit 38, fig. 10.

Hamilton group. Cazenovia, N. Y.
LL. Lincklaen, donor.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 83, fig. 14.
Hamilton group. Skaneateles Lake, N. Y. |
Collected by G. B. Simpson, 1863.

& Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 84, fig. 11.
we _ Hamilton group. York, N. Y.

Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1865.

Instrations a Devan Fossils, 1876 a - )
| BP uikonisiogy of New York, vol. v, ay 2, ?p. 274, P
: _ Hamilton group. Otisco N. ¥: :

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl 87, figs. ce 7
cM ten group. Shore of Lake Erie. 1

Orthoceras lintewm, Hall. 1 S79.

i x PP ornclesy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 277, pl. 8%, figs, cs
Hamilton group. Near Leonardsville, N. Y. . ‘«
Collected by F. B. Meek, R. P. Whitfield and C. Van Delo

Nace

Orthoceras sp., Hall. 1879.

’ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 83, fig, 13.
Hamilton group. poe Province of Ontario. | 2ocgee
Collected by J. De Cow,

1879.

- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 298, pl. 84, fn 18.
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y.

Collected by J. W. Hall and C. Van Deloo,

Orthoceras aulax, Hall.

Orthoceras Gidipus, Hall. 1879.

eeleoniiosy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 294, pl. 37, He 6.
Ape aa group. Geneseo, N. Y.

ecatolocy of New York, vol. 5, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 2.
Hamilton group. Jaycox’s Run, Geneseo.
Collected by C. Van Detoos 1865.

Orthoceras crotalum, Hall. 1861.

Descr. New ui Fossils, p. 50.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, Bf 2, pl. 42, fig. 12
Hamilton group. ie Nex:

‘Collected by G. B. Simpson, 187 1.

i ‘
5 a he

i : oa istrations of eho Fossils, 1876; ie eae pl. 42, eu ie

a
\

Collected by J. W. Hall and G. B. Simpson, 1872.

; P Mlnstrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 42, fig. 6.
. ; ore of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 42, fig. 6.
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.
Collected by G. B. Simpson, 1871.

x Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Ga piilie roa: pl. 42, figs. 5, 11.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 42, figs. oe
_ Hamilton group. Hamilton, N.Y. |

PoP alcoutolosy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 1.
ae oe Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y-
f 4 E Collected by G. B. Simpson, 1883.

BS atolony of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Pl 82, fig. 2.
peamnilton group. Delphi, N. Y.
Collected by G. B. Sinipions 1863.

Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, figs. 3, 4.
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.
Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.

- Palzontology!, of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 5; pl. 113, figs.
18, 13a, :
_ _Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.

Collected oy HI, H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.

“ne of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 6. sth
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y:
Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.

_ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, figs 7, 8.
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.
By . Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deioo, 1874,

;

| c a tf
ae

re:
~,

- Deser. New Species Fossils, p. 51. bd

- Pitaauestions of Devonian Fossils, 187 6; Cephalopoda, be
Poe Paleontology of New York, vol. Vv, pt. 2, pl. 43, 5 :
Hamilton group.- Geneseo, N. Y. . ; Bele a

Co lected by OA. White yee 0. Vier Deloo

et Biustretions of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, me
hes ‘ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 43, fee 6, pie
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y.

Pd

- Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 43, :
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Bhd 43, figs 14a) oe :
oe group. Geneseo, N. Y. a a Ra

Collected by U. A. White and C. Van Deloo, 186000" 4

Soft “abe

eee lg ay

Myakoceas ceelamen, Hall. 1879.

fale rations of Devonian Fossils, 1876 ; Cephalopoda, pl. 10, , fig
Paleontology of New York, vol. Ns pt. 25 pi 29ee ae 10, a
ppl 82, fio 6.) :
- Hamilton group. Mauttonville, N. eS

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, S
Hamilton group. Platt’s Falls, N. Y.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, a 15. Be a
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. , ee ae
Collected by G. B. Simpson. 1871. a

Orthoceras Afgea, Hall. 1861. oe PAs, ee
Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 22. San

Bae Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 9. ae et
E 3 Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. ~ pm sear
ber! Collected by J. W. Hall and G. B. Simpson, 1874,

- : Palwotology of New York, ben v, pt. 2, pl. 82, fig. 10.
~ Hamilton Breup Geneseo, N. Y. ee
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1865. Both

Paleontology of New York, vol. pt. 2, el 82, fig. 11.
Hamilton group. _ Geneseo, NN. © se
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1865. i

ita " Orthoceras sointlta, Hall. 187 gar
tology or nae York, vol. v, a 2, p. 298, pl. 84, ioe 19, 20.

nilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y. “A
Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, is74,
. - Paleontology of New York, val v, pt. 2, pl. 113, fig. 6.
— Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.
ba Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874,

Collected dy £7. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.

a a Dea tctogy of New York, vol, v, pt. 2, pl. 113, figs. 10, 11, 12.
‘ | - Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.

Collected by H. H. Smith and ¢. Van see 1874.

Orthoceras PaCOen Hall. 1879.

~ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 89, fi 3.
eee group. Mt. Morris, N. Y.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 89, fig. 5.
Portage group. Near Ithaca, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1874.

~

Paleontology of New York, vol. 5. pt. 2, pl. 89, fig. 6.
es group. ‘Ithaca, Noy:
Collected oy C. Van Deloo, 1874.

Orthoceras Thyestes, Hall. 1879..

FF Ralssontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 306, pl. 88, fig. 2.
Portage group. Near Watkins, N. Y.
: Bo: Pickett purchase.

fe Orthoceras Bone var. Cape Hall, ‘ier.
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 276, Pie 86,
; ae group. Ithaca, N.Y. | . te
Collected by J. W. Hall and C. Van De

| Paleouroleny of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 86, fig. 4.
_ Chemung BED Ithaca, N. Y.

Paleontaloay of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 86, fig. 5.
ee group. Ithaca, NYG

Orthoceras consortale, Hall. 1886.

Fifth Annual Report of the New York State Geologist.

- (118) 2, figs. 3, 4, 5. a
a Paleontology ae New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. aaa vii, |
- pi. 118, figs. 8. 4, 5.
Chemung group. Pace NY?

Collected by James Hall, 18

Orthoceras expositum, Hall. 1886.

_ Fifth Annual Report of the New York State Geta Expl. p
Pi} 2, fig. 2. a

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Supp. =
Hplet tee tos.’

Chemung group. Canton, Penn.

Orthoceras palmatum, Hall. 18%9. he ae

Chemung group. Southern ‘New York: 7 ae

Orthoceras Leander, Hall. 1879.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 309, pl. 90, ci 6, ie a
Chemung group. Near Ithaca, N. Y.
J.W. Halli and C. Van Deloo, 1866

Dems Hall. 1879. Te

aa”
Spee
ie
(ais
U

ntology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 90, fig. 5.
ung group. Ithaca, N. Y.
Collected by J.W. Hall and G. B. Simpson 1870.

HORMOCERAS, Stokes. 1838.
Hormoceras filosum, Hall. 1847.

ae Be ntoloey of New York, vol. i, p. 55, pl. 15, fig. 1c.
i ‘Black River limestone. Watertown, N. Y.

| Hormoceras be ine Hall. 1847.

lac River limestone. Witetlorn, N. ca
ons Albany Institute donor, 1892.

_Hormoceras ? hea, Hall. 1847.

aacaione N. te,
Albany Institute donor, 1891.

Hormoceras remotiseptum, Hall. 1850.

Third Report on New York State Cabinet of Natural History,
p. 173, pl. 4, fig. 3. |
Trenton limestone. Watertown, N. Y.

e Geological Survey collection.

ENDOCERAS, Hall. 1847.
Endoceras longissimum, Hall. 1847,

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 59, pl. 18, fig. 1, la.
Black River limestone. Watertown, N. Y.
Albany Institute donor, 1891.

Endoceras duplicatum, Hall. 1847.:

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 219, pl. 55, fig. 1.
_ Trenton limestone. Middleville, N. Y. | .
| J. Gebhard purchase.

228 Forty-sixta REPORT oN THE STATE Musuum. —

Endoceras proteiforme, var. lineolatum, Hall. 1847.

Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 211, pl. 45, figs. 4, e, d. ‘* :
Trenton limestone. Middleville, N. Y. .

GOMPHOUERAS, Sowerby. 1839.
Gomphoceras clavatum, Hall. 1876.

Ills. Dev. Fossils; Exp. pl. 47, figs. 12, 18.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 93, fig. 2.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 93, fig. 3. —
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ee |
J. Gebhard purchase.

Gomphoceras rude, Wall. 1879.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 327, pl. 93, fig. 1. |
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Gomphoceras cruciferum, Hall. 1879.
Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 328, pl. 93, fig. 4.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase. —

| Gomphoceras Illenus, Hall. 1879. |
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 322, pl. (Suppl. = vol.
vii) 122, fig. 6.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

| Gomphoceras fax, Hall. 1879.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 321, pl. (Suppl. = vol.
vii) 122, fig. 5.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

ul

Gomphocera ks Vall, “1861.

“ AS

ne Deser. New Species Fossils, p. 44.

enth Menort on the New York State Cabinet of Natural THatony ts
; pl. 7, fig. 1; Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalo-
iy » PI 47, fig. Bi pe cent y of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 46,

ohare grit. Schoharie, N. Y:
J. Gebhard Pu

i “lustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 47, fig. 65.
een of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Be 46, fig. 5.
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

Gomphoceras absens, Hall. 1876. :

aieiyations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda. Expl. pl. CW ea i:
Fins ce 8; Paleontology of New York, vol. vy, pt. 2, pl. 46, figs. 8, 9.
=e grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard ieianae

oh ty.
Sed:
“Pale
oN
. 2

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol. vii), pl. 122
Bee. d,
a Pdeficharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

te " Paleontology of New York, vol. vy, ae 2, Suppl. (—vol. vii), pl. 122,
ae ‘ey Batre
_ Schoharie grit, Schoharie, N ¥:
J. Gebhard PORCHES,

Tustrations of Devonian oeeila 1876, Cephalopoda. Expl. pl. 47,
6 - figs. 7, 8; Paleontolology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (=vol.
vii), pl. 129, fig. 3. ; ie
___ Corniferous limestone. Clarence Hollow, N. Y. a

Gomphoceras mitra, Hall. 1879.. |

“* Paleontology of New York, vol. v. pt. 2. Suppl. (vol. vii), pl

BLY, fic. Soo (hs z
- Corniferous limestone. Columbus, Ohio.

Gomphoceras impar, Hall. 1879.

y _ Paleontology of New York, ae Vv, pt. 2, p. 232, Sa
ce o 121 A, fig. 1.

| Corniferous limestone. Columbus, Ohio. ;

Gomphoceras nai. Hall. 187 9. a

" Goniatite limestone.

Manlius N. Ye

Gomphoceras oviforme, Hall. 1860. a
13th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 105.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 45,

as 2 ;
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 45, figs. 2, 8.
_ Goniatite limestone. _ Schoharie, N. Y.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 46, figs. 6, 7.
nite limestone.. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard pitch ‘

Bae ntclopy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 94, fig. 6.

Goniatite limestone. choharie, N. Y. i
J. Gebhard purchase, ition

Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 94, fig. 7. : gh
Goniatite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. Set

Gomphocerus poculumn, Hall. 1879.

Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 340, pl. 93, hus, bide :
Hamilton group. Cazenovia, eta a

‘Contre age Hall. 1879.

> : a ni ton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. ¥.

a Collected by H.. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.
ae Be oxivolocy of New York, vol. v, p. 2, pl. 94, fig. 4.

‘ ae on group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.

fs ee Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1874.
ee

Paleontology of New York, eae v, pt. 2, pl. 94, fig. ue

fn i _ Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.

max, Collected by G. B. Simpson, 1871.
ot Sea ;

Rite! ——, Gomphoceras sp. Hall. 1876.

ee Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 60, fig. 7.
te _ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 60, fig. '7.
Hamilton group. Skaneateles Lake, N. Y. 7 )

A Se aaa Collected by J. W. Hall and G. B. Sint, 1872.
: fe Gomphoceras planum, Hall. 1879.

_ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 352, pl. 57, figs. 1, 2.
S | Hamilton group. Borodino, N. Y.

Storied W. Emmons, donor.
Bee G o Gomphoceras manes, Hall. 1879.

ji ‘Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 339 and Suppl. 1888, Pe
34, pl. 123, fig. 2. ,

re Genesee slate. South of Alden, N. Y.

% Gomphoceras Ajax, Hall. 1879.

: _ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 350, pl. 94, fig. 8.

Portage group. Penn Yan, N. Y. |
Geological Survey collection.

: 4 Gomphoceras tumidum, Hall. 1879.
| Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 351, pl. 95. fig. 5.

Chemung group. New Albion, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1863.

_ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 95, fig. 2.
Chemung group. Near Ithaca, N. Y.
} Collected by J. W. Halli and C. Van Deloo, 1866.
30

, r -
: st ges
wes en ES rad An
Gt? Se Me

adh

ce ae
Gah -) =
a) es

ene

ed

< n
eet ps

En Aa
6X) Pat eer)

cud

MiS7

Cape

i ee of New Yorks vol. v, pt. 2, pl 95, fig. 8 3. ;
Phemang group. Near Ithaca, N. Y.

Collected by J. W. Hall and C. “Vag Detoo,. gos: :

e is _ Gomphoceras nasutum, Hall. 1886. :
ee, ay Fifth Annual Report of New York State ma ri ph 2
(4), figs. 5, '7. ‘b
: eas Baleuntotosy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol. oS p. 3:
M4 a

a _ pi. 120, figs. 5, '7.
Chenango group. Belmont, N. Y.
Collected by A. Sherwood, te 1.

Gomphoceras potens, Hall. 1879.

Pale outolost of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 351, pl. 122, fig. 8.
Waverly group. Medina, Ohio. | ss
Collected 2 C. A. White, 1861. a

e CYRTOCERAS, Goldfuss. 1832. a . ris
ee Cyrtoceras filosum, Emmons. 1842. bag y Pe a
Ge

* Geology of New York; Report on the Third District, p. 393, fig. 4. Te
Palxontology of New York, vol. i, p 390, pl. 41, fig. Sa. Bae is,

_ Trenton limestone. Watertown, N. Y. eee

wits ae

te Cyrtoceras macrostomum, Hall. 1847. ; oe
; * Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 194, pl. 42, ae lb. ste
Trenton limestone, Mineral Point, Wis. ‘ ee. eee

! to

Cyrtoceras eugenium, Hall. 1861. . ms

Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 42.

Fifteenth Annual Report on the New York State Gubines of Nant
History, p. 70, pl. 9, fig. 1.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 46, figs. 5, 6.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 47, figs. 5, 6.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda pl. 46, fig. 7.
Paleontvlogy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 47, fig. 7.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

Ries of New York, vol. V, pt. 2, pl."17, fg. 16,
ee grit. ee N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

ce @ 4

as Se of New York, vol. v, pt. 2. Pe 96, fig. 1. a
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. t,

BR Sek. J. ‘Gebhard purchase. } a
; . woe “
_ -Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 2. ie
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. pee
a i | J. Gebhard Purch a
si Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 3. : ee
_ Schoharie grit. Clarksville, N. Y. 3 a.
— . 2 | Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862. Re
. ; Sr etegatoldny of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 4. ; Be
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. : Sr
Ae 3 J. Gebhard purchase. ae
on Po icncey of New York, roll Vv; pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 5. | ia
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. * «4
ira | oh Gebhard purchase. a

; Dalenatoloey of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, figs. 6, 7.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

nee
P<

ae

<
a

J. Gebhard purchase, —

ws
Pain

B prenont aia

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, Pe 2, pl. 96, figs. 8, 9; pl. 97,
; ie. ial

_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ,

¥ J. Gebhard purchase.

cay
r

ee ee

ji ¥ ht
Paes ee ee Le ae
Oe Ge eo ae tere ey,

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 10.

r _ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. Ae
g : J. Gebhard purchase. “Sy
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 96, fig. 11. | os
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. : nile
sir J. Gebhard purchase. i

Cyrtoceras emulum, Hall. 1879. A

« Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 271, pl. 97, fig. 1.
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
e J. Gebhard purchase.

Fe TOE a ae 3 ie Oh ali

iyi monly of Naw ‘orld Bol, v, ys : ‘oe: pl.
sindea is N. mY Se

Sf Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt 2, ph 97, fig ey
a i" Proere eM Clarksville, Nieys
ae Collected by C. Van Datoo,

| Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt.

; 2 pl. 97, figs 45 Bi
Mi Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Geb hares pure

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 97, fg. 6.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2
‘Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N.Y. = ~-

é

, pl. 97, figs. 8, 9.

J. Gebhard . ae,

en | Cyrtoceras Jason, Hall. 1861. — hey
eee ys Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 43. tee
-_-_Tilustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 52, fig. |
Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 50, fig. 1. a :

‘Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N, Y.

d a ty | Tineciations ae Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, Sf 52, te
ie Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 50, fig. 2. ee

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ae,
J. Gebhard purchase. —

i Paleontology of New York, vol. ef pt. 2, Suppl. ae vii, 1888), :
| pl. 124, fig. 7. bid Vie
Schoharie grit. Clarksville, NY: . Rae,

Cyrtoceras morsum, Hall. 1861. ah oe
Descr. New Species Fossils, p. 48.

E * Fifteenth Annual Report on the New York State Cabinet of N: atural
im History, 1862, p. 71, pl. 9, fig. 6. meet
ae Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, pl. 46, figs. 3, 4. a ae

ape Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt, 2, pl. 41, figs. 8, 4,

. Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. May seks)
my, | J. Gebhard purchase.

oe oa

ology of New Pyar, al Vv; we 2, p. 372, we 51, figs. 1, e-
ferous limestone. | Schoharie, N. Y.

eontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 51, fig. 3.
rniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.
f | J. Gebhard purchase.

ot 124, fig. 1.
i Corniferous limestone. Falkirk, N. Y.
) oan Collected ¢y C. D. Walcott and C. Van Deloo, 1878.

; e Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol. vii, 1888),
A. of 124, fig. 2 te

is _ Corniferous limestone. Falkirk, N. y.
oe Collected by C. D. Walcott and C. Van Weed 1878.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol. vii, 1888) i Cm

ses | . 124, fig. 2.
aig y- ‘Corniferous limestone. Cayuga, Ontario.
a ais Collected by C. D. Walcott, 1878.

-

Cyrtoceras (Gomphoceras) metula, Hall. 1861.
; Descr. New a Fossils, p. 44.
. Be esivolozy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 111, fig. 11.

id ae So pena limestone. Littleville, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1878.

_ Cyrtoceras (Gomphoceras ?) formosum, Hall. 1879.

ei : Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 362, pl. 95, figs. 8, 9.
4 _ Hamilton group. Dresden, N. Y.

PHRAGMOCERAS, Broderip. 1839.

4 Phragmoceras expansum, Hall. 1852.

. f Paleontology of New York, vol. ii, p. 337, pl. 77A, figs. 2a, b.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, 1879, pl. 46, figs. 10, 11.
Coralline limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

4 J. Gebhard purchase.

J. Gebhard RSENS |

a
’

| Ae Palesonialces ‘of Neg va vol, ii; p. 351, bh 78
e ‘Coralline limestone. Schoharie, N. x. oer case

Palseitoloey of New York, vol. ii, pl. 78, fig. 3b.
-Coralline limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

/

| GYROCERAS, emearare! 1844.
Se Ea, . Gyroceras spinosum, Conrad. 1840.
he Geol. Surv. N. Y.; Pal. Dept.; 3d Ann. Rept., p. 206.

- Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda pl. 50, 5 fy
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 48, fig. 3. Ae
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. Tees.

a, <a ,

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, Pei 2, pl. 48, fig. of

ie! - Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ; 3 Ne
aera J. Gebhard eC

Pe ueslons of New York, vol. v, pt. 2 2, pl. 48, fig. 1.
‘Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

J. Gebhard purchase.

ee Illustrations of ee Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 46, fig. 8. ,

ea: | Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 47, fig. 8: (2 sh)
er Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ; in
fe" ia | J. Gebhard purchase. “i
4 | Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 99, figs. 1, 2. ae
hs : Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. Pere
ee J. Gebhard purchase.
Gr Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 98, figs. Les

Schoharie grit. en N. Y.

er of New York, vol. 4 pt. 2, ca 49, fig. L:
_ Schoharie, N. a

J. Gebhard purchase. a one .

ss ustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 50, fig. 4.
Pal: eee of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 48, fig. 4.

Schoharie, N. Y. S
J. Gebhard purchase.

: a og é
eo Paleontatony of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 99, fig. 3.
es Schoharie, N. Y. |
J. Gebhard Burl Biss

a

- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 99, figs. 4, 7.
eee grit. Schoharie, Noe
J. Gebhard purchase.

: ee telory of New Tork, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 99, figs. 5, 6.
' : Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
qn ate es J. Gebhard purchase.

e Palwontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 99, fig. 8.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. |
J. Gebhard purchase.

ee Riese: Gyroceras validum. Hall, 1876. . ‘2
- Iilustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 51, fig. 2.
- “Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 49, fig. 2, :
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

\ ~

J. Gebhard purchase.

t sie Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 100, fig. 1. ORs 2
_ Schoharie grit. Knox, N. Y. ae ;:
Ke) Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Gyroceras paucinodosum. Hall, 1876.

- IUustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda. Expl. pl. 35, figs. 1,
2, 3, 4. ae
A Bond tontnlowy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 380, pl. 54, figs. 1, 2) ©”
3) 4. | ee
EA SP enidtecoe limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y. i
: : Collected by C. A. White, 1860.

ae cane

Re tana | Gyroceras lacinion

i - Comiferous ries

Schoharie, N. Y.

+

ah ard ,

}

oe (ee (sp.), 1840. |
oie Geol. Surv. N. Y.; Pal. Dept., 3d Ann. Rept., p. 206. |
- Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, ph :

~ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 55, figs. 3, = Be
_ Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, Ne Y? es 2 pe pret: :

Gyroceras Matheri.

/

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 55, fae 5.
Corniferous limestone. Clarksville, N. Y.

a | Gyroceras Worse: Hall. 1861.
ie: rj i Descr. New Species Foss., p. 39.

Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. ae .
pl. 124, fig. 4. optn
Corniferous limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y.

Gyroceras Cyclops, Hall. 1861. 3 he
Descr. New Species Foss., p. 40. | asf

Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 102, fig. 1.
Corniferous limestone. Clarksville, N. Y.

Gyroceras undulatum, Vanuxem. 1842.
Geol. Surv. N. Y.; Rept. 3d Dist., p. 139, fig. 2.

3 ‘ Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, aw 56, fe

S Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 53, fig. 1. |

Bhs" Corniferous limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y. a ae

BE | | Collected by U. A. White, 1860.
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 56, fig. Ate as ta

uy Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 53, fig. 2. Pig

4 Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. | A 4

4 J. Gebhard prolate, .

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 53, fig. 3. Bray :
: Corniferous limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y. bain
“3 Collected by C. A. White, 1860. 0

sa 5 es
OF rie ‘Stare Groroeisn.

ontology of Ney oul, vol v, pt. 2, pl. 53, figs. 5, 6.
niferous limestone. Fiery Valley, N. Y.

Collected by OC. A. White, 1860.

4

Chery Walley, N. Y. |
Collected by C. A. White, 1860.
Gyroceras trivolve, Conrad. 1840.
Geol. Surv. N. Y.; Pal. Dept.; 3d Ann. Rept., p. 206.

ao Bee acons of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 54, figs. Bi

Me Bulscnsology oe New York, vol. v, pt! 2, pl. 52, figs. 1,'2;-3.
F arnites ous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

Re De a ah Mi J. Gebhard purchase.
fy es

Be - _ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 52 A, fig. 4.

ae : Corniferous limestone. The Helderberg, N. Y.

ah Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 52 A, fig. 5. ,
ae, _ Corniferous limestone. The Helderberg, N.Y. OF
Fis) ba Min al

a Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 54, fee
Bie pe 8:
mn ‘Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 52 A, figs. 1, 2, 8.

eo Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.
heats J. Gebhard i pope

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 52, fig. 4.
ui Corniferons limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

/

. J. Gebhard purchase.
ee Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2 pl. 52, fig. 5.

aa Corniferous limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.

4 J. Gebhard purchase.
Er Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 52 A, fig. 6. ;
_____ Corniferous limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y.

Gyroceras transversum, Hall. 1860.
13th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 104.
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 57, figs.
Mee
‘Palmontauey of New York, vol. y, pt. 2, pl. 67, figs. 1, 2.
Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y.

. 8, a = NN of New Aan all wr, ‘pt. 2, , pl
FE dauintite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Ye aie

“Genus LITUITES, Montfort. 1808.
Lituites convolvans ?, Hall. 1847. eh
Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 53, pl. 13, fig. 2a. Oe
- Black River limestone. Watertown, N. Y. pees
| Albany Institute dor

ey

Aedes | Lanities undatus, Hall. 1847.

ecwies of New York, vol. i, pt. 52, ih 13, figs. la, Ib. Fe:
Black- River limestone. Watertown, N. Y. a

ae

—
=

ae) Pe A ed

t.)

rd, NAUTILUS, Breyn. 1732.
. SEES Oceanus, Hall. 1879.

cee Annual Report of the fudiiaiie State Gedlonien 1889, P. 8 z
not fig’d. |
Niagara group. Waldron, Ind.

Pitt Nautilus liratus, Hall. 1860. 3 heaton
a 18th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat, Hist., p. 104. — Wee.

E eaartolosy of New York, as Vv, pt. 2, pl. 60, fig. S.°Us es a
: Gonialite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. a ea
fe J. Gebhard purchase.

Nautilus liratus, var. juvenis, Hall. 1579.

‘Iustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cophal see pl. 57, figs. ¥ i: :
b, 6. Meee
| ‘Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 411, pl. 56, figs. 5, 6. roy ue
a ee group. Cazenovia, N. Y. BPs ya aad
a Geological Survey sitecran

Nautilus subliratus, Hall. 1879. Botta

h Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, pl. 58, fig. 5.
Bay Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 57, fig. 5.
- _Hamilton group. Skaneateles Lake, N. Y. my
Collected by G. B. Simpson, 1863.

pe avon Weis STATE GEOLOGIST. —
§ i 4 ; F ( : > p

Nautilus maximus, Conrad. 1838.

2 ie aa tex Geol. Surv. N. Y.; Pal. Dept., First Ann. Rept., p. 117. :
ie ee - Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 64, fig. L.! ec
et Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 64, fig. 1. ae
___ _Hamilton group. Madison county, N. Y. | #
Lacie te Geological Survey collection. ‘
ete Nautilus magister, Hall. 1879. ; |
__ - Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 422, pl. 107, figs. 6, 7. 5
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y. :
tes Collected by C. A. White, 1860.
Fe _ Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876 ; Cephalopoda, pl. 63, fig. 1. - 5
cae Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 108, figs. 1, 2. Y
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y. is
Collected by C. A. White, 1860. ae
Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 107, fig. 1. ; ;
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y. Fe
} Collected by C. A. White, 1860. "
: f "a
Palxontology of New York, vol. y, pt. 2, pl. 105, fig. 1. erie i
Hamilton group. Leonardsville, N. Y. tf
Collected by F. B. Meek, R, P. Whitfield and C. Van Deloo, 1857. YE .
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 107, fig. 8.
Hamilton group. Hamburgh, N. Y. e
Collected by J. W. Hall and C. Van Deloo, 1869. eg
/ iy
Nautilus oriens, Hall. 1876. ye
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, expl. pl. 61, fig. ka |
{ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, p. 420, pl. 61, fig. 1.
Hamilton group. Richmondville, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.
: Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 105, fig. 2.
4 Hamilton group. Richmondville, N. Y.

ae J. Gebhard purchase.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 64 A, fig. 1. /
- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 106; fig. 8; Suppl =
(vol. vii, 1888), pl. 126, fig. 2. K
i Hamilton group. Richmondyille, N. Y. ;
“i J. Gebhard purchase. Pte

a " Paleontology of New York, ae v; pt. 2, ph 57, figs. 6, ”.

eaomilton group. atta ERE ORAS Mie
nian Survey col

_ Iustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 58, aes re
te Reali euitology of New York, vol. vy, pt. 2; pl. 5; fiz’ Sy aie
ae Hamilton group. Harlville, N. Y.

. chs - i" )
# : Hinstrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, , 58: ie 2.

ae Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 57, fig. 4. ke
« Hamilton group. Earlville, Niet ke y
ie Wess Geological dire collectic

X sf ; ; a Re - >
Pea Nautilus oe Hall. 1886. i ae

Ba. (126) 1 11, fig. 1.

. _ * Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (vol. vii, 1 7
Pp. 37, pl. 126, fig. 1. gists
ms _ Hamilton group. Camberland, Md. Lora

a eke yess acreus, Hall. 1879. |
ae Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 417, pl. 110, figs. 3, 4,
_ _Hamilton group. Near Bridgewater, N. Y. é

Collected by F. B. Meck, R. P. Whitfield and 0. Van Deloo, 1857.
: a Nautilus bucinum, Hall. 1876. |
__-- filustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 60, fig. et se
fai Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 60, fig. 4; pl 106, ways
or Hamilton group. Solsville, N. Y. f py d: ieee ae
nf Geological Survey collection.

”

’ Paleontology of New York, vol. Vv, pt. 2, pl 109, fig. 1. agees
Hamilton group. Canandaigua Lake, N. Y. tie
Collected by R. P. Whitfield and C. Van Delis 1862. Bas fi

a de ee 2 te

é Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 109, fig. 6.
- -Hamilton group. Delphi, N. Y. |
Res Collected by H. H. Smith and C. Van Deloo, 1873. —

iteeper or THE fee (:BOLoGIS?. ef

; Eee stclozy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, i A 107, sak 2, 3. t "
i a group. : suai Falls, iY ,
‘f

‘Palwontology of New York, vol. v, He 2, pl. 106, fig. 7.

_ Hamilton group. Cazenovia, N. Y. A
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 109, fig. 2. ‘!
Hamilton group. Cazenovia, N. Y,

Collected by James Hall, 1862. Mh

-___- Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 106, figs. 4, 5. Ae)
Hamilton group, Cazenovia, N. Y. kg

__ Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 60, rtp Me
1, 2, 3. : a
Sf fal fictolocy of jee York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 60, figs. 1, 2, 8.
-——-.- Goniatite limestone, Schoharie, N. Y.

ty : J. Gebhard purchase.

Nautilus (Discites) Marcellensis, Vanuxem. 1842.

Geology of New York 3 Report on Third District, p. 146, fig. 2. _ ge
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 109, fig. 10. a
Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y. om

Geological Survey collection. ly

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 65, fig. 1. ’
Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 65, ne us be
Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y. mle a

we

Palzontology of New York, vol v, pt. 2, pl. 109, figs. 9, 12. ee
Goniatite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. 4 :

J. Gebhard purchase. ME r

. | \ Ke

TROCHOCERAS, Hall. 1852. ek

: Trochoceras Gebhardi, Hall, 1852. a
Palzontology of New York, vol. ui, p. 335, pl. 77, fig. 2. a

' Coralline limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. - in

J. Gebhard purchase. .

oy

y ie ‘
| Paleontology of New York, vol. 4, pl. 77 A, fig. 1'7. ie
i Coralline limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. ys

J. Gebhard purchase.

MOR Se ete
eS Fae 1S ey oe

Trochoceras ve Hall, “1852.

a . Paleontology of New York, vol. ii, p. 336, a Vie 8 L
poaeine laveatone: Schoharie, N. Y.

\

Ag | Trochoceras Barrandii, Hall. 1879. |
__ Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 398, pl Tig fig. toe
_ Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.. .

J, Gabhare purchase, | a

__ - Paleontology of New York, vol..v, pt. 2, pl: 111, fie Si tages : y a
_ Schoharie grit. Clarksville, N. Y. 7 rat
Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, , ph 111, ne 9.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Trochoceras eugenium, Hall. 1861. = a o |
14th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 108. |

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 187 6; ee pe 59,
fig. 9. Be
_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 59, fig. 11. Ba

oH Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. seiatate
Mie J. Gebhard purchase.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 48, fig. 3.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v. pt. 2, pl. 58, fig. 3. sot
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ena

> | J. Gebhard purchase. —

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 48, fig. 4, foe
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 58, fig. 4.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. vec
J. Gebhard purchase. ——

Trochoceras Pandion, Hall. 1876. eg
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 48, fig. 7. ’
Paleontology of New York, vol. 5, pt. 2, pl. 58, fig. '7.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. oa
J. Gebhard purchase.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 48, fig. 8.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y. ; |
J. Gebhard purchase.

s ew a 1S.
in De hy ee ia

Revort or THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 945

_ TMlustrations of Devonian Fossils; Cephalopoda, pl. 48, fig. 9.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 58, fig. 9.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
. J. Gebhard purchase.

Palzoutology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 111, fig. 3.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Trochoceras Biton, Hall. 1879.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 395, pl. 111, fig. 7.
Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y.
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Trochoceras discoideum, Hall. 1861.
Descr. New Species Foss., p. 36.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 59, fig. 6.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 59, fig. 8.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Trochoceras expansum, Hall. 1879.

_ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 402, pl. 111, fig. 5.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
| J. Gebhard purchase.

Trochoceras obliquatum, Hall. 1876.
Illus. Dev. Foss. Expl., pl. 48, fig. 5.
analy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 11], figs. 1, 2.

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
J. Gebhard purchase.

Trochoceras Clio, Hall. 1861.
"14th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 108.
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 59, fig. 4.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 59, fig. 1.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

y

J. Gebhard purchase.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 59, figs.

a 2.

Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Bh 59, figs. 1, 2,
Schoharie grit. Rr nCUBEe, ha
J. Gebhard purchase.

* 4

Bl ta kn MR a OND WAT Ro td ie
Ure eee te Un Ne mga ae
PTL PUR aS il
as 1 nt Ad pay 4

*@-¢

i
KE
rt. |

a Spabouloey: of New Sona a y, , pt o v ig. 4
% Pohoharie ae Schoharie, N, Y. ee ey bay be ;

7 \

_ Tilustrations of Devonian Fossils, 18 76; Cophalepalle vi “a
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 59, fig. 9.

Schoharie prt. Schoharie, N. Y. |
2. eh avs Gobhara secs

_ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 111, fig. 6. ae
_ Schoharie grit. Clarksville, N. Y. fy?

Trochoceras ?( Gonioceras ?) pandum, Hall. 187 9.

eae Paleontology of New York, vol, v, pt. 2, P 403, pl. 111 » figs. 40

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. 2 &
‘th 8 J. Gebhard purchase 2

Basie \

ph 114, figs. 3, 4.
a _ Schoharie grit. Knox, N. Y.
ie ? pone Kaho C. Van Deloo, 1862.

Ba ytciigy of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol. vii, 188
Sipe bl 7) fig. 5. as
‘Schoharie grit. Near Clarksville, N. Y. : ee
Collected by C. Van Deloo, 1862. ee

GONIATITES, DeHaan. 1825. io eee
Goniatites Vanuxemi, Hall. 1879. pan

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 69, fg 6. ce
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 69, fig. 6. yeas
-Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y. |

Geolog gical Survey collection. Seki

x pe

3 lustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; adn pl. 69, es a =

3, 4. ;
; Palewontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2. Suppl. (vol. vii), ol 197, i
he, Ags, 5, 6. 3 a o
83 aniadite limestone. Manlius, N. Y. a eee
BS: Geological Survey collection. ——
--—-: Ydustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 69, fig 5.
5 _. Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 69, fig. 5. | a0 30
& Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y. Bie) ax

Geological Survey collection. te

oes of Deaedehe » Fossils, 1876; binesteaeda, pl. 68, figure; : et |
ntology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 68, figure.
jatite limestone. Fenner, in eh dae

LI, Lincklaen, donor

ale rontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (= vol, vii, 1888),
pil. 127, fig. 4. ia .

oy e Be oniatite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y. a
Ks ee | : J. Gebhard purchase.

\ {

| Goniatities Vanuxemi, var. ards Hall. 1886.

Expl. pl. |

P Paleontology: of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, Suppl. ae eit Vii, 1888),
x es 39, pl. 127, fig. 7.

i ~ Marcellus ples Cox’s Falls, near Cherry Valley, N.Y. .
hae Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Goniatites discoideus, Hall. 1860. . Ghee
pny 13th Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 97. a Be
‘ _ Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 71, fig.1;
ey _ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl.-71, fig. 1.
oS limestone. Smith’s ledge, Otisco, N. y,
a | Geological Survey vollsetion:

ae - Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 7 1s foe 8,
4 a 9; Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 71, figs. 8, 9; pl. 74,
id fig. 4.

-Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 71, = 45,
ee oueloay of New York, vol. v, pt. %s plow fg. 4; pl. 74, fig. 3
Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y.

a "i Illustrations of Devonian Fyeaeis, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 71, figs. iS
Be-5, 6; Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 71, figs. 5, 6. ee

Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. N.

. Goniatites plebeiformis, Hall. 187 9.

__ Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, p. 44, pl. 110, fig. 3.
hy _ Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N. Y. ‘
aa Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877. ee
Bess, ee

4 ze:

be ip mt FRAY, Wa vee i one Ab bs fh ie
F ' an ae Tae, 25,
. ‘

948 Forvy-SixtH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110, fig. 4,

Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N. Y. . ‘wh

Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Palzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110, fig. 5.
Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N. Y.
Collected by J. W. Hail, 1877.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110, fig. 6.
Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N. Y. ,
Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110, fig. '7.
Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N. Y.
Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110, fig. 8.
“Marcellus shales. Cherr y Valley. NOY:
Collected by J. W. Hall, 1877.

Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 110. fig. 9.
Marcellus shales. Cherry Valley, N.'Y.
Collected by J. W. Hail, 1877.

Gontatites unilobatus, Hall. 1874.
Descr. New Species Gonatitidee, p. 3s
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 71, figs.
15, 16; Paleontology of New York, eon v, pt. 2, p. 438) pha,
Bis is sla oie
Hamilton group. Norton’s Landing, Cayuga Lake, N. Y.

Goniatit.s anplexus, Hall. 1886.
Fifth Annual Report of tht New York State Geologist, Expl. pl.
(127) 12, fig. 1
Paiborinl dey of New York, vol. v, pt. 2. Suppl. (vol. vii), p. 39,
wir l27, fig. 1.
Tully limestone. Lodi Landing, Seneca Lake, N. Y.

Goniatites uniangularis, Conrad. 1842.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vol. 8, p. 268, pl. 16, fig. 4.

Paleontology of New York, vel. v, pt. 2, Suppl. (==vol. vii, 1888), pl.

127, fig. 10.
Hamilton group. Pratt’s Falls, N. Y.

age group. Mt. Mori, ny. ny . ;
Geological Sappen collection.

*

Goniatites complanatus, Hall, var. perlatus, Hall. 1876.
Bs - Discr. New species Goniatitidee, p. 1.

: Hustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 70, fig. 12.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 70, fig. 12. 7

eee BrDup- Near Homer, N. Y.

Geological Survey collection.

Goniatites Patersoni, Hall. 1860.

Thirteenth Rept. N . Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 99. d
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 72, fig. 5—
alzontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 72, fig. 5.

Portage group. Portageville, N. Y.
eae Geological Survey collection. |

Goniatites sinuosus, Hall. 1843.
ve eave: Reve 4th Dist., p: 243, fig. 6.

Tthaca, N. 2 7
Geological Survey collection.

pe — of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 10, fig. 14;
Paleontology of. New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 70, fig. 14.
Fe 2: ever Chemung Bene Truxton, N. Y.
(reological Survey collection.

_ Iastrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 70, fig. 15;
_ Palxontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 70, fig. 15; pl. 74, fig. 11.
Lower Chemung group. Ithaca, N. Y.
| Collected by J. W. Hall and C. Van Deloo, 1866.

Goniatites Chemungensis, Vanuxem. 1842.

Geology of New York; Report on the Third Geological District,
i P- 182, fig. 1; Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda,
_ pi. 60, fig 9; pabpettology of New York, vol. v, pl. 69, fig. 9; pl. 74,
4 fig. 6.
Chemung group. Near Owego, N. Y.
a. , Geological Survey collection,

250 Forty-sixtH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEum. xe dap!

Goniatites Chemungensis, var. cequicostatus, Hall. 1874.
Descr. New Species Goniatitidee, p. 3. :
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1875; Cephalopoda, pl. 69, fig. 10.
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 69, fig. 10.
Chemung group. Western New York.

Goniatites stimulator, Hall. 1874.
Descr. New Species Goniatitidee, p. 2.
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, 1876; Cephalopoda, pl. 69, figs.
Ll, 2. |
Paleontology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 69, figs. 1, 25 pl. 74,
fig. 8.
Chemung group. Near Ithaca, N. Y:

Goniatites peracutus, Hall. 1876.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils, Cephalopoda, pl. 69, fig. 8; Palzeon-
tology of New York, vol. v, pt. 2, pl. 69, fig. 8; pl. 74. fig. 13.

Chemung group. Cornell’s ‘quarry, Ithaca, N. Y. .

. Collected by J. W. Hall and C. Van Deloo, 1866.

Summary.
ANNELIDA.

Bie AbE OV ESE! 2 er Nelo Cee se ht wget) oda one oa ee a a ae 1
Poiak hoeured Specimens .....00. foe odes ee le ok oe oe 33
cae ures. jo idler. Sete DE a wh aoaea © chad eDay ot Oa ae 33

CEPHALOPODA
BORA AV PER ile co Gad co 0 wc) Ae a oes winless ow Beka Pe er 205
oiaineured Specimens ,. \.'.. eis cis ose eis bs aes «2 0 eee 408
Matar emma oa il. Yn agin) tie w ote ae 0 oe ee er 487

ROME AIE CIDOB B.'s ieee ew glee wee Phe he eee! ci eee ee 4

3 fipon Two Boulders of a Very Basic Eruptive. Bx.

Rock from the West Shore of Canandaigua eh:
, Lake; and their Contact Phenomena
Upon the ale Limestone.

By Prof. B. K. Emerson, Amherst College.

piiUaaiinicated for the report of the State Geologist. }

: ce “The Gack described below were sent to me by aor John M. Clarke

wi : with the following note: —

igs _* Specimens and sections marked : .

ca and 2. Boulder of Trenton limestone from southern part of town of Canan-
C daigua, N. Y., on west shore of lake.
_ “1. Limestone at contact with dyke.

se a ese tonts of limestone.
Ww 3 and 4. Boulder of eruptive, including small masses of sandstone fears same
; ‘locality, about forty rods from other boulder. ;
3 ‘These are “ only rocks of this character I have seen in the drift of west- |
dad ern New York.

a The s specimens had been sawed and broad surfaces polished, and this
, greatly facilitated their study. Slides of an unusual size were also
a "sent, showing abundantly all the different types present.
The specimen numbered 1 —“ limestone at contact with dyke ”—is-a
dull black, aphanitic, trap-like rock, effervescing slowly with acid and |
_ showing minute pyrite grains and pale green, distant porphyritic spots —
a the polished face.
The largest spots reach the size of a pin-head. With the pocket lens
_ the thin sections show thickly and evenly disseminated elongate blades
Ba _ of red brown color, with irregular ends and black, shapeless ore grains
___ and plates, and the porphyritic spots seem to be mainly marked by the oe
“ 4 absence of the brown blades and the greater amount and larger size of
the black grains, and to be composed of interlaced, colorless and

aaa plates.
Py.

; be goethite. They are wholly without pleochroism and , under
scope, have the same red brown shade as the Lake Superior goet:

powder. Dark ay of black ore are inclosed within i goethi

_albite and pericline systems of twinning, and are often marked by

not the slightest trace of strong crushing, or of any force acting upon i
it from without. o epee

exactly the same shape, size and distribution as the goethite blades, but — ae
being now black and made up of a close set or congeries of minute =

Mihen cone with he microscope ae red. brown

also have the parallel extinction of the rhombic forms. They r resem
in shape, size and distribution the actinolite described below fy
other contact products. The rounded black ore grains are, at least
part, magnetite, as the magnet abstracts fine grained ore from

blades. mi ,
The colorless fresh ground is made up of interlaced plagioclase plates ek
which show few and interrupted twin lamelle. They present both the —

undulose extinction. The maximum angle of extinction is 18° ona
side and the feldspar may be near labradorite. Crystals, where the —
broad, twinning bands extinguish uniformly with sharp border,. adjoin: = a
those where the undulose extinction completely blurs the outlines of : st .

the separate bands, and this is in a wholly massive rock which shows — te
ss y-

The clear spaces are mostly Gnictes of feldspar plateslike those im
the general ground, with many rounded grains of black ore scattered in
irregular masses, but with traces of octahedral form, or blades having

black grains. Here the goethite blades have probably been changed =
to magnetite. Some of the clear spaces are made up of a mottled net-
work of indeterminate fibers, with a soft aggregate polarization, which — s
suggests a fine grained muscovite growth. The whole rock is a very ;
fresh and very curious goethite-magnetite-plagioclase contact rock. ;

Specimen No. 2, marked “ Dyke,” with which the aboverock wasin
contact, is a black basic eruptive rock like that at Thetford, Vt. The 5

~~

phenocrysts of black basaltic hornblende, 2-4 mm. across, are as per-

fectly shaped, seen on the polished face, as those from Bohemia, and =
larger ones, 10-15 mm. across, appear in the fractured surface of thes 64
same rock. With a lens the large hornblendes at one end of the slide
are seen to be large perfect crystals, and to pass, toward the other
end, into more and mure corroded forms, until at last only traces
remain, while a nearly colorless to greenish pyroxene, faintly brown
toward the border, appears with about the same size as the hornblexdes,
and increases in number of crystals as the hornblende disappears, and ‘
incloses many unoriented fragments of the latter. The pyroxeneisa | q

rf “ sharp angled crystal, abe in one of, the greenish centers eg at an

a ts peer of 34° with c, and the brown border at 42°.

Rounded colorless spots full of round ore grains, seem to be minute
Seiad raires of the contact rock described above. They give aggregate
polarization.

‘The large hornblendes, under the microscope, are very fresh, and
have a deeper colored ‘ae where they have been corroded. These
remnants are often included, wholly or partly, in the lar ee fresh
pyroxenes, but without crystalline orientation. In one curious case a
large pyroxene, cut at about right angles to the prism, has one quadrant

of its surface replaced by the fragment of a hornblende crystal, whose,

outside faces very nearly continue the proper boundary of the pyroxene
crystal, while its inside face, that.is, the face by which it 1s grown
together with the pyroxene, is a fracture. Its outside faces, moreover,
have the deeper resorption color, while this is lacking on the inside
face. There is an entire lack of orientation, the vertical axis of the

hornblende about coinciding with one of the horizontal axes of
the pyroxene. The pyroxenes are thus plainly later than the horn-_
_blendes, and a second, much smaller generation of pyroxenes occurs in

well formed elongate crystals surrounded by a heavy border of black
grains. .
___-‘The rock shows distinctly an interstitial amorphous ground mass,
full of minute, short, straight, brightly polarizing rods. These may
__ probably be pyroxene, and a few larger but still minute rods, raveled
at the ends, may also be of the same character. They do not show
____ twin striation and have too bright polarization colors to be plagioclase.
The ground is so full of the shapeless grains of black ore, that, in the
thick slides studied, the presence of plagioclase could not be made
certain. The rock is thus almost a pure pyroxenite. The magnetite
scattered threugh the mass is surrounded by a broad border of deep
___ red color where the glassy ground mass had dissolved the iron in part
__ and become ferruginous. This is not the case in the colorle-s inclosures
:. _mentioned above.

a Some portions of this ground mass polarize in broad irregular patches

with biuish colors like nepheline, but these patches are not to be dis-
tinguished from the rest in ordinary light.

Specimen “ X,” marked “ Fragments of Limestone,” is a large piece
of dark unaltered Trenton limestone,* with white crinoid stems, and the

* (NorE.—This limestoné. away from the contact surfaces with the eruptive, is exceedingly
tough, and though traces of fossils are plainly evident, identifiable forms are to be seen only
where the rock has weathered to a thin and very soft argillaceouscrust. The following species
will serve to determine the geological age of the rock: Calymene senaria, Conrad, Strophomena
subtenta, Conrad, Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby. J. M. CLARKE. |

¢

ie r < eat f ib ‘
Forrrsixra Report ON. THE ‘Stans

{

to within an inch of the large hoeiblenae fai oi F the eruptive
A narrow layer of hornstone forms the intermediate band by w. L
they are firmly united into one mass. AR ee bhick
_ Specimen No. 3, marked “Boulder of eruptive rock including small
| masses of sandstone,” is a still more remarkable rock. It also aid
resembles the rock from Thetford, Vt., and shows great splendent, —
- ‘black hornblendes above an inch in reat with rounded outlines from
resorption in the magna. It includes many superficially rusted sand-
atone inclosures, but the eruptive rock is very fresh. ‘The ferruginous | ee
character and the coarse grain of the inclosures suggest that they may

ae have come from the Oneida sandstone. The slides were all cut from : ou
y the vicinity of the different small inclosures which swarm in the rock, iene
if _ wand show only few brown hornblendes. These are greatly corroded bythe
Rie magma. One large greenish pyroxene appears having a very narrow __

pale brown’border. Several small olivine crystals appear in the slide. |

Fragments of a pistachio-green carbonate, a half-inch long, appear
among the inclosures, and, as it is freshly and coarsely crystalline, ate
seems to be a secondary formation. It gives slight effervescence with

Pe old acid, abundant with hot acid, a strong reaction for iron, —

i and is apparently siderite. It is peculiar in showing a strong dichroism, —_
vi lemon green parallel to the horizontal, and colorless parallel to the ver- ;
tical axis. In the slides which are very thick some places retain their :
ie green color almost unchanged through a complete revolution, and these ee

, show the negative uniaxial ring system with several rings as in calcite,
cand as the light vibrates thus- parallel to the horizontal axes there would
of course. be uo dichroism. In other sections which show by their
cleavage that they are cut parallel to the vertical axis, the dichroism is
as stated above. |
In another large piece from the last boulder, one side is the fresh
Jarge grained eruptive rock with small sandstone inclosures, and this
fresh eruptive rock graduates in two or three inches into an equally firm
and fresh looking rock which contains, in a dark green ground-mass, ~
scattered large rounded isolated hornblendes, pyroxenes and fragments 4
of the eruptive rock, and many small inclosures of sandstone and hme-
stone, and secondary grains of deep green calcite. The green -ground- |
mass is, under the microscope, a complete felt of actinolite needles. It nf
would be an actinolite schist except that it has not been made schistose —
by pressure. The matted actinolite needles show faint pleochroism,
and extinguish at 26°-30°, and in many places project finely into the
alcite-filled cavities.

es TEEN Tere ey eS

ree ae

a
i=
4
-
-
4 ,
a

REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST.

255

The fragments of the original lava are little altered. The horn-
blendes are either not at all, or but slightly bleached at their border.

In one case a hornblende has changed to a matted mass of actinolite.
The pyroxenes are not changed. Small olivines are changed to fibrous
matted serpentine. In one case deep brown geniculate rutiles are
perched upon the actinolite and enveloped in the calcite.

It is interesting to see this actinolite felt cementing minute fragments
of the lava and separate crystals of the basaltic hornblende and
pyroxene. The abundance of calcite favors the process and the lime
feldspars and actinolite have crystallized abundantly under circum-
stances which permitted the simultaneous crystallization of calcite and
left the amorphous ground mass and the primary constituents of the
lava quite intact.

Several years ago I described some contact rocks and dyke rocks
resembling these, from the border of a great dyke of elzolite-syenite
in the north of New Jersey, and a comparison of these rocks led me
to suspect the presence of nepheline in these specimens, but I could not
find it with certainty.

Mr. J. F. Kemp has described* a remarkable erratic from Aurora,
‘Cayuga Co., N. Y., which is of exactly the same character as the rock
here described, except that it is not accompanied by contact forms.

It is there assigned to the nepheline-bearing dyke rocks free from
olivine, to which the name fourchite has been given, although no
nepheline has been found in the rock. Some of the slides examined by
me would admit of this assignment. In others several olivine crystals
occur in a single slide, and the rock would then be called monchiquite,
or since both forms contain hornblende, they would be called hornblende
fourchite or hornblende monchiquite, according to the same rather over-
loaded nomenclature.

Prof. Kemp surmises that his rock may have come from the Archean

areas to the north. From the present occurrence a nearer source of
both erratics is probable.

* American Journal of Science, Vol. XXIII, Chap. III, 1882, p. 302.

The Devonian Section of Central New York
Along the Unadilla River.*

By CHARLES S. PROSSER.

[Communicated for the report of the State Geologist ]

The Unadilla section of the New York middle and upper. Devonian +
is located about midway between the meridians of 75° and 75° 30’ W.
Long. from Greenwich, or between 1° 30’ and 2° E. Long. from

- Washington.

The section commences in Paris township, Oneida county, and fol-
lows the Unadilla valley southward through portions of Madison, Che-
nango and Otsego counties to New Berlin, Chenango county. At this
village the Unadilla valley is left and the hills which form the water-
shed between the Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers are crossed to
Oneonta and Otego in Otsego county. The termination of the section
is south of the Susquehanna river on the high hills of Delaware
county. .

The Corniferous limestone which gives a somewhat marked physical
character to the region, so that its general easterly and westerly direc-
tion is readily followed, is made the geologic base of this general
section. The rock is massive and not easily affected by weathering, a
fact shown by the bold escarpments of the hills whose summits and
slopes are often covered with angular fragments of the limestone.

Numerous articles have been written describing the effect of the
Corniferous and other similar limestones upon the overlying soil.
Some authors hold the opinion that the fertility of the soil is largely
due to the underlying limestone; while another view is “that soils are
so far removed from their parent rock, that the one upon which they

* The greater portion of this paper was originally presented to the Faculty of Cornell Uni-
versity asa thesis for the degree of M. 8.

+In a paper on ‘“‘ The Classification of the Upper Devonian,’ by Dr H.S. Williams, this
section received the number X on the chart of the ‘“‘ Meridional sections of the Upper Devonian
deposits of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio.”’ Proc. Am. Assoc. Ady. Sci., vol. xxxiv, see
page 2v5: also Fifth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 52; and Smithsonian Ann. Rept., 1883,
p. 79.

thickness, are more fertile when the Corniferous limestone is the under-
yn eo than tho<e hills farther south where the soil is underlain De

a. section +) and the exposures of the Unadilla section are
“s probably darker in color than those farther east. Vanuxem said in his
final report, referring to the Third Geological District of the State
zs __ survey, “the color of the rock [Corniferous limestone] is more dark at
: the west than the east end of the district,”{ while the Unadilla section
be is approximately half way between the eastern and western limits of
ee that district. The difference in color might possibly be explained by
4 a greater deposition of carbonaceous matter in this portion of the
» formation than in that farther east or west, which would correspond
b roughly to the greatest thickness of the overlying Marcellus
shale. §
‘is op ! The first local station Selenined was Chapman’s Quarry, No. 469A,| _
oe in Paris township, Oneida county, which is nearly one mile north of
* Babcock Hill and a little more than that distance southeast of Cassville.
‘The rock is massive, weathering but slightly, not enough to injure its
_ durability, and five feet out of an exposure of six feet is worked and
‘- used for building and flagging stones. The strata of massive stone are
ig - from two to ten inches in thickness, generally separated by shaly layers
containing fossils. The fossils, which are mostly Brachiopods, frag-
ments of Crustacea, segments of Crinoid stems, and few, if any Corals,
_ are rare in the upper strata of massive stone, and near the bottom of
the quarry appear to be confined to the shaly layers. Two layers of
_ hornstone, each about 54” in thickness separated by 11’ of compact
. limestone are near the top of the quarry. In these layers of hornstone,
fossils are quite common, especially Atrypa reticularis, Linné. When
= the rock is freshly broken there is a noticeably strong petroleum odor.
Sa complete fauna of No. 496A, is given below.

Tae

eats Ya Agel N. Y., vol. i, p. 218; also see p. 176, and Geol. N. Y., Pt. IV, p. 170.

+ Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, p. 224.

Geol. N. Y., Pt: III, p. 140; also see Agri. N. Y., vol. i, p. ge

§Geol. N. Y., Pt. IL, pp. 147-8; and Pt. IV, p. 179.

_ {| The numbers of the stations have been assigned by the U. S. National Museum, where the
_ material upon which this report is based will eventually be deposited.

_ Atryyn ee Linné* Sey Ny cae a

— Lepteenu rhomboidalis, ae ak oh € a pee ki

_ Leptoceelia acutiplicata, Conrad. ian

_ Orthis lenticularis, Vanuxem. | CoP ea

1 Chonetes sp. ae forms not having the specific charact
‘defined.

Chonetes acutiradiata, Hall (?).

Bat i ae raricosta, Conrad.
4 Stropheodonta NACTed, Hall.
Lingula sp. | i Pages
Fragment of a Trilobite. aa
Segments of Crinoid stems. (tg
Between Chapman’s quarry and Babcock hill are several expo:
one of which had formerly been worked for a quarry.
The last considerable outcrop noticed is No. 496 B, afew rods
ae Babcock Hill postofiice. There is exposed 44’ of massive stone
near the bottom are two hornstone layers separated by 1 11” of limestone.
Above the massive stone are alternating strata of thin ine 2

limestone. This quarry has not been worked for some years
the elevation agrees approximately with that of No. 496 A. The t
most abundant fossils are the same as for A496 A: | ee
Atrypa reticularis, Linné. nie
Leptena rhomboidalis, Wahlenberg. . |
_ In addition to the fauna of 496 A, the following species were four hes
in 496 B: 7 1:
Rhynchonella Horsfordi, Hall (?). ‘
Bert peeodone sp. A convex « form with eee hinge lines :

eg as typical Corniferous limestone of Oneida county. :
Jf the fauna of the Corniferous limestone at Le Roy, Batavia Aaa f
. other places in western New York be compared with that of the Unadilla 4
section, the abundance of corals in the former and the absence of them
in the latter will be noticed as the distinguishing feature. There are
no large exposures south of Babcock Hill for a distance of several - %
miles along the range of hills on the eastern side of the valley, a ay

* The species enumerated in the lists of fossils of this paper, are arranged ‘approximately _ :
: according to their relative abundance at each station; the one named first heing the most \
abundant.

REPORT. OF aoe STaTE GEOLOGIST.

=, cURboa one and one-half witli northeast of Bridgewater village,
Bs Oneida county, is a steep hill, No. 497A, which gives but a few unim-
& portant exposures. The surface stone, which by its angularity indi- a
- eates no great transportation, enables one to construct a rough section
of the hill in connection with the few exposures i sitw. Near the foot.
of the hill and in the valley are limestone boulders in which Atrypa.
reticularis Linné and Leptena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg are com- 4
mon. These are evidently from the Corniferous limestone which ee
underlies the valley and may extend some distance up ‘the hill.
. Fragments of argillaceous black shale containing very few fossils are . ee
common over most of the hill.
In a little exposure of black argillaceous shale, No. 497A’, almost at. Re
the foot of the hil: was found a single fair specimen of Lior hynchus. :
which is probably a flattened ZL. limitaris, Vanuxem, although the -
form is similar to young specimens of JL. mdticosta, Hall. (See Pal. v°
N. Y., vol. iv, pl. 56, fig. 26.) re:
In Basin were found several fragments evidently of the-same a
species, with a fragment of a Conularia. Farther up the bill among a
loose fragments are specimens very closely allied to Liorhynchus a
limitaris, Vanuxem. | aa
Near the summit of the hill in iron- tee shales, No. 497A’, more
- arenaceous and coarse than those described above, which with reason-: ;
able certainty were not distant from similar shales 77 sitw, were found: ie
Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. ; ee
Liorhynchus, sp. Small specimens between Z. limitaris, Vanuxem "ig
and L. multicosta, Hall.
Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. A dorsal valve with seven plications. ;
on the fold.
Chonetes sp.
~—- Nueulites triqueter, Conrad (?).
| Crinoid stems.
Among the loose specimens from other parts of the hill are the follow-
: ing additional species: 5
Athyris spiriferoides, Eaton (?).

,

a Chonetes setigera, Hall (?). :
d Conularia sp. :
+The section compiled from the above data seems to be as. “
s follows: The Corniferous limestone of Babcock Hill forms possibly the :
___ base of the hill, but does not extend far up its sides. The greater part a
a _ of the hill is composed of Marcellus shales, while the summit is capped a

% by Hamilton shales. Although all the fossils found in 497A11 have
_ been found in the Marcellus with one exception, yet the lithologic:

x similarity i these cltalee to hia of Cynon! Hamilton,
appar ently supports the last statement. Quite probably a |

prove to be transitional from the typical Marcellas to typical Hatt
_ Nearly one mile southwest of West: Winfield, Herkimer Co., on tl
north side of the highway from West Winfield to Brideewareet Onei
Co., is A497B. A small brook has exposed some shales in addition
those on the hillside. Locally this station is known as the “Co :
mine,” from the fact that some years ago a considerable excavation —
was made in the vain hope of finding coal, the search for which was
confined to a stratum of Marcellus shale at the foot of the hill -
on the western bank of the brook, where it is massive when. E
taken out, but upon weathering splits up finely. The shale
is quite black, has a brownish-black streak and contains Stytiola —
fissurella, Hall, in great abundance. Diligent search failed to .
reveal any trace of coal either in the rock or its joints. The lowest
exposnres of 497 B’, in the brook just above the highway, contain the ; i,
following species: as ¥
Coleolus aciculum, Hall (?). , ui! ae
Lunulicardium fragile, Hall (?). | ta Minis
Goniatites sp. | ges -
‘The fossils are rare in these exposures and eee pres: rved.. Sates
A little higher in the “coal mine” 497 B”, are: : ae
Styliola fissurella, Hall. This species is very shasta lari A
stems, common. See ies
Goniatites discoidevs, Uall.
— Coleolus aciculum, Hall (?). ae

An exposure of thin arenaceous shales near the summit of the hill,
497 B’"’, one hundred feet higher than B’, contains a few fossils. The
most common is a small Liorhynchus, probably ZL. limitaris, Vanuxem.
There was also found a Styliola (?) and, rarely, fragments of other —
fossils. | Bie

The lower shales of A497 B are somewhat calcareous, thin laycrs
of calcite frequently occurring in the joints of the rock, while thore
near the top of the hill are arenaceous. The hill is evidently composed ,
of Marcellus shales, although the upper part might more properly be
considered as transitional from the Marcellus to the Hamilton. This _
is the most southern typical exposure of Marcellus shale noticed in the
Unadilla section. d

A498 A is a section of Markham Mountain, a high hill on the eastern
side of the Unadilla river, in Plainfield, Otsego Co. The “mountain” is

ff

= “village to the top of the “ mountain ” and some distance up the hill, by

8. 2 faite southwest of A497B. A circuitous sau leads from the

; if the roadside, isthe lowest exposure 498A’. The rocks are thin, arena-

Bt.

eeous shales, breaking up very irregularly, and iron-stained when
weathered. The lithologic appearance of these shales is similar to those

of A497A*. The fauna is as follows:

Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall.
Numerous specimens of the typical Hamilton form, also smaller

forms apparently similar to the specimen figured by Prof. Hail as “a
_ young individual” of this species. (See Pal. N. Y. vol. iv., pl. 56,

fig. 26.)

Ambocelia umbonata, Hall.

One specimen shows both concentric and radiating strie, while four
‘internal impressions of the dorsal valve have a median depression
extending from the umbo to the front of the valve.

Chonetes sp. Small specimens (with one exception) imperfectly pre-
served ; probably C. setigera, Hall or C. lepida, Hall.

Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.

Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.

Nuculites triqueter, Conrad.

Orbiculoidea sp.

Several fragments which have not been identified with certainty.

A ledge on the western side of the “mountain” forms a bluff near
the summit and this has been called 498A?. There are from 50’ — 75’
of arenaceous shales and sandstones. The strata at the base of the
ledge are of considerable thickness and one compact sandstone stratum
8” in thickness would apparently make a fair quarry stone. Weathering,
however, indicates the presence of iron. The layers higher in the bluff
are thin a: d irregular and in view of the large amount of “stripping”
that the quarrymen would be obliged to do, it is not probable that a
profitable quarry could be opened. The sandstones and arenaceous
shales do not contain an abundant fauna, either in reference to num-

bers or species, as may be inferred from the following list :

Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?).

The specimens are mostly internal impressions, common in occasional
layers of arenaceous shale. Unadilla Forks is one of the localities
_ given by Prof. Hall for the above species. |

Spirifer medialis, Hall (?).

Only imperfect specimens.

Spirifer granulifer, Wall.

ee
7 Law St,

_ river, about one mile southwest of Unadilla forks in Brookfield, Madis
county. ‘The rocks are shales which contain more arenaceous than x

- what Prof. Hall ‘alls re Be nak ith ‘bands *”
“numerous specimens of apparently typical Rhynchonella Ce
~ Conrad. In association with the preceding species are specime
smaller Rhynchonelia, which may be the young of uBR. congr 2
Conrad, but resembles closely R. prolifica, Hall. Spirifer medi lis,
Hall occurs with the Rhynchonellas. Spirophyton velum, vam 1xen
was noticed in loose sandstone slabs.t+ eh a

A498 B is an exposure in a brook on the western side of the Unad

argillaceous material. Fossils are not abundant. The fauna is:
Chonetes coronata, Conrad. 7 Jes
Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. | i
Paracyelas lirata, Conrad. Several of the specimens bt" mu
- distorted by pressure. 164
Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. Small specimens of iis this
species. |
Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad. |
Coral. . MS
Athyris spiriferoides, Se
Rhynchonella sp.
Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. (?) AE
Upon first examination this specimen was identified as Chonetes es:
mucronata, Hall, but more careful study seems to confirm the above joe
determination. Apparently no trace of cardinal spines is preserved, |
and near the margin the impression shows the presence of pustules. ‘ane
About ten of the central strie bifurcate near the margin of the shell. |
The resemblance of C. mecronata, Hall, to the young of 7. carinatus, eS
Conrad was noticed by Prof. Hall. | | gaa ae
Chonetes sp. | ) eta
Pleurotomaria.
Fragments of some other species.
A short distance south of Lloydsville hamlet in Plainfield, Otsego ser
GO.) and one-mile south of 498 A. is 498 D. There is an exposure of __
20’ of shales in the bed and by the side of a small creek. These shales
are not coarse but split up into irregular fragments. About 10’ from

*Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, p. 342.

es, Geol. Rep't 3d Dist. N. Y., pp. 176, 177: also 16th Ann. Rep’t. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist.,
. 80, 82.

eal N. Y., vol. iv, p. 125.

Re",

the > base is a coarser eo in which Spirifer ase eiade, Conrad, is
$ ~~ abundant. The shales contain the following species:
yo

2 _ Spivifer mucronatus, Conrad.
- Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall.
Athyris spiriferoides, Katon.

a Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.

- Orthis Vanuxemi, Hall (?).
- Orthoceras. Fragments of large and small forms. aa ior

Es Shit (?). 3

— Grammysia.
_ Panenka retusa, Hall (?).

Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.

Conularia undulata, Conrad (?).
Altrypa reticularis, Linné (?).

se A small specimen, probably the young of the above species (see

k P

ee eae
* ie are.
j

fay
re

Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, pl. 53, Fig. 3). °

About one mile south of 498 D, and east of Leonardsville is a ledge
of arenaceous, coarse shales some 8’ in thickness. The exposure is on
the hill-side east of the river and highway, and is called 498 E. Fos-
id ai are not common, all of the following species being rare:
_ Spirophyton velum, Vanuxem.
Segments of crinoid stems.
Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall (?).
| Paracyclas lirata, Conrad (?).
_ Leptodesma Rogersi, Hall.

A half mile further south, a small creek affords another exposure of

. nearly 12’. South of the creek near the first cross-road leading east-
ward, is 498 F. The rock consists of coarse, arenaceous shale, very

similar in lithologic appearance to 498 E, but contains more fossils.

_ The altitude of these shales is higher than that of 498 K.

The fauna is as follows:
Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.
Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
_ Rhynchonella. Specimens too imperfect for specific identification.
Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. Small specimen, but evidently

: young of this. species.

_Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall (?).
Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.

. e Grammysia.
_ Microdon ( Oypricardella) bellistriatus, Conrad.

34

oo
~ ae ie
Po ee ee

pr¢
-

a
—— r= t &

~

sae s
ie Os x .

wt

ers | ae
Sere ete
ee ee teat

? ’ A, -
ee es "2
>

x e 3

es ee

a oF 3 ;

Soi # ge es
ae = ?

<< A -
Shs
prea eS

~ ~
1 Se
a ie

Pa a)

Ste aes

~
2.
+

5 et

ae Ege erie

vb a Fonoy-sixrn . Report ¢ on THE |

Bellerophon patulus, Hall (2). | ie.
_ F Doubtfully referred to this species from the ‘resembl n¢

}

specimen to fig. 10, pl. 26) i. li, vol. v, Pal. INE. meet a

The fossils ‘adauhed are:
Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall. | 5
Thoracic segments of a large Trilobite, prela Homa

DeKuyi, Green. ‘
Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad.
_ Spirifer sp. ee
Nucula Randalli, Hall. _ Saee ae
498 H is about one mile south of Leonardsyille, on the eastern side of
the Unadilla river, and in Brookfield, Madison Co. These layers,
commencing somewhat farther north than the village and extending — ‘

: more than a mile along the eastern side of the hill, are composed of

ee coarse, arenaceous shales, which tend to pass into thin sandstones of

some little thickness and uniformity. At the place particularly
ae examined (498 H) there is an exposure of coarse shales and thin sand-
stones 20’ in thickness, similar in lithologic appearance to those of

‘a 498 E, F and G on the opaoene side of the river, and also to 498 A?, the

---—s apper exposure of Markham mountain at Unadilla Forks. The only ug

abundant fossil in these coarse shales is Grammy ysia alveata, Conrad.

The following fossils were collected: 7 im
Grammysia alveata, Conrad. Quite a large number of specimens —

from the coarse, arenaceous shales.

Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?). ak Sine
Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall (?). af ie
Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.
Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
ae Liopteria sp. Type of L. Rafinesquii, Hall, and L. DeKayi, Hall.

(See Pal. N. Y., vol. v, pt. I, pl. 20, figs. 7 and 17.) , >

Several specimens belonging to the Pectenide, but not perfect cise
to admit of certain identification.

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.

Spirophyton velum, Vanuxem.

A single specimen of Crania or Orbiculoidea.

On a provisional list a fragment of a Trilobite, probably Homalo-- |
notus DeKayi, Green, is mentioned but, upon a re-examination of the —
fauna the specimen has not been found. ;

4
ene OS ee

: | Reporr ¢ or THE STATE @uonoeler. Sah ae 265.
ox “Gu | ale mile ‘southwest of the sandstone cliffs forming 498 H are
BH rg Button Falls in Button Creek. The cascade 50’ or 60' in height is
~ composed of two falls and is just below the highway leading from the
he _ “river-road” up the hill. The bluish argillaceous shales of this station,
vs 498 T, are irregular in fracture and upon the whole not very fos-
ag * giliferous. In the cliff at the foot of the falls and also in the bed of
oe the creek is a stratum which contains abundant fossils. Liorhynchus
F Wesetacosta, Hall, is very abundant in this stratum, the shale in places
_ being almost entirely composed of these shells, many of which are very
much distorted. In the creek below both the first and second falls are

“ - “pot-holes” one of-which is four feet in depth and two feet in diam-
eter. The fauna so far as identified is as follows:
_ Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall.
~~ Ambocelia wnbonata, Conrad.
| Nuculites triqueter, Conrad.

Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.

Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall.

Spirifer medialis, Hall (?). Small forms.

Chonetes.
: Nucula bellistriata, Conrad.
_ Homalonotus DeKayi, Green. Segments.
_ Phacops rana, Green. ;

_ Productella.
tw Tellinopsis subemarginata, Conrad.

r ” ?
7 r 2 h, r
tae ees fF +) a ar i
i OG ~— Go : ee: Poo
Peas Pt tg A ae oe ee

sae

Ror
-
sa!

‘

2

+

: . : eS
Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad. g
Grammysia. a 4

“ Above the falls for one-quarter of a mile, the bed of the creek is ei
My

composed of shale which has been worn very smooth by the water.
Somewhat farther up the creek are ledges on the right hand or eastern
side which have been called 498 I?. The lithologic character of these
upper shales is similar to those of 49811. Fossils are not abundant
except in the lower part of the bluff. The following species have been
identified:
, Amboceelia umb mata, Conrad.
Tentaculites,
Chonetes scitula, Hall.
The number of striz (50 +) and general proportions agree in the
_ main with the figures of this species, with the exception of one speci-
men which is larger than any of the forms figured.
_ Phacops rana, Green.
Productella. - ;
Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.

f=

« e-
rg |
-. at - <
Ee, SPS we. eset heme
“< -

Se i Aha

toe
.

\

‘ a
oe,
>. «, ‘ad

>
a

Ee 2

ro nd ‘ See tiie evn S a te tee
-
a? ee

ee ten

~
+
ot

Lh sa Mees kee ei

“
®
-
-
By as
re che

| Porrr-sixra Report on TE WS’

Z

Tee olen carinatus, Chae. | .
_ Orthoceras crotalum, Hall (?). ahaa
— Grammysia. | LS Sea
- Pholadella radiata, Conrad. ; Bae cos
_ Chonetes (?) mucronata, Hall. Possibly Tropidsegeae cari y
Conrad, but I am quite sure that on one side are the ea ends
two spines. as
Chonetes deflecta, Hall (2). This specimen may be C. mucronate pt
Hall, but it is considerably larger than the figured specimens of that is:
species, and apparently agrees well with the figures of ‘C. deflecta, Hall. —
_ However, Prof. Hall writes that C. deflecta, Hall, may be,- perhaps, Pe
eas another phase of C. mucronata, Hall.* Bor pice
Goniatites. Simply a fragment. ane
. Piilodictya (Stictopora). sp. Fragment. silat alin)
Senet Chonetes. Apparently young of C. coronata, Convaal or si
Buca N,, ae vol. iv, v, pl. 21, Fig. 10 a, b.) bre

Gey <
ie we

has been numbered 498 K. ‘The most abundant fossil is Nye arguta '&
Hall. The fauna in full is given below: : Brite a:
Nyassa arguta, Hall. | eae
Orthis. Specimens very imperfectly pesetree in a thin sandstone 5
stratum. : Jag re ae
| Nuculites triqueter, Conrad. He eee a
Modiella pygmaea, Conrad. * :
Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad.

ERhynchonella. Small specimens and specific characters not well \

CHR defined. . oy pee i
Cenbiiers. oe etree
Athyris Gnas Eaton. un

be, Spirifer . | ps

is Pterinea flabella, Conrad. en |
Liopteria DeKayi, Hall (?). Beaty "es
Homalonotus DeKayi, Green. OR aN a
In the thin sandstone, as is also e
Spirophyton velum, Vanuxem.

r Quite extensive collection of fossils was made] at different places: mn
3 - Brookfield, Madison county, and the following lists will give"a good —
: idea of the middle Hamilton fauna of Central New York. 499 A, on —
the summit of Beaver hill, one and one-half miles east of Brookfield,

* Pal. N. Y., vol. v, p. 126.

es . ee ‘Report or Pras STATE Gnozoaisr. sta Daa cay fm
at Bitchost: outendp east of Sa urea ite aneroid barometer
rep port’ ng it ds 540’ above the Unadilla river at. Leonardsville, or 370’
Habeas the village of Brookfield. The rock is a gray, arenaceous shale,
"Weathering to a brownish color, and is laminated, some of the layers
being smooth and of regular thickness, so that it is apparently a good
En _ flagging stone. The fossils are rare, only two species being found :
jae Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad,
eh _ Chonetes coronata, Conrad (?).
No. 499 B. A line of ledges on Beaver hill, south-east of Brookfield.
“The rock consists of arenaceous shales, in which fossils are not very
_ common, except in a thin layer near the bottom of the exposure.
Fauna of 499 B.
me Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?).
__-~Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad.
a _ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. | :
— Spirifer granulifer, Hall.
_ ——-* Vitulina pustulosa, Hall.
: Terebratula sp.
Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.
_—- Pterinea flabellum, Conrad. |
- No. 499 ©. Exposure of shales by side of highway, a short distance
% west of Brookfield. The rocks are fissile, black, argillaceous shales, which
- upon weathering split up into very small fragments. The shales are
quite fossiliferous, containing mostly Lamellibranch shells; but athin |
layer contains large numbers of Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. |
Fauna of No. 499 C.
Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall.
_ Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
__ -Chonetes coronata, Conrad.
_ Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall (2).
-Rhynchonella congregata, Con. (?).
Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.
Nuculites triqueter, Con. (?).
_ Nueula lirata, Con. (?).
Pleurotomaria, sp. - °
Goniatites, sp.
No. 499 D. Ledges along the banks of a branch of West Creek,
! ; near r M. Kenyon’s farm, one mile west of Brookfield. ‘At the base is a —

iy
4
‘

t ts ‘the air and is highly fossiliferous, containing many Lamellibranchs.
a A short distance farther up the creek, and ten feet higher are arena-

‘Nove eons anales are as fine argillaccons ones

Neri OF Nos 499 Deen ccm n ces

_ Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. — : ieee

_ Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall. han MER iis

Chonetes, sp. ; Ss

_ Productella, sp. 3 ety

Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad. ah né aa

Nuculites triqueter, Con. (?). ie persia

- Nucula bellistriata Con. (?).

— Grammysia sp.

i Orthoceras sp. |
— Goniatites sp. : Meares.
Dumb-bell fucoid. er
No. 499 F. Exposures on West Creek, southwest of Brow

_ At the base of the section (F’) ten feet of coarse argillaceous shi

epee on ae split up into rather ee pieces. ‘The fossil

- larger Gris The list for No. 499 F’ is:
Nucleospira concinna, Hall. es eet
Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. ee
Athyris spiriferoides, Eaton. | a ee m:
Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall (?). | Pie,
Spirifer medialis, Hall (?). | : apes
Orthis cf. Penelope, Hall. . ert
Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall. hae tae
_Actinopteria decussata, Hall.

Nuculites Nyssa, Hall.

Modiomorpha complanata, Hall.

Pterinea flabellum, Conrad.

Nyassa arguta, Hall (?).

h . - Grammysia sp. ;

eos Platyceras sp.

E> :

JN Pleurotomaria sp.

“aa Orthéceras sp. : 4

vite For 100’ the bank is covered by drift and soil, then there is an
Ya exposure of coarse arenaceous shales and thin sandstones which Kea Zp
been worked to some extent asa quarry. TZropidoleptus carinatus, Con. ae,
is very abundant and the complete fauna of No. 499 Ri 18 as follawee a

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.
Nucleospira concinna, Hall.

;

mucronatus, oe
loidea Seneca, Hall (?).

a
od ahs perplana, Conrad.

wy f

_ Orthis ae Hall.

w hich are ailiferous.
Fauna of No. 499. E1.
— Amboceelia umbonata, Conrad.
se - Vitulina pustulosa, Hall.
Ad _ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.

_ Spirifer medialis, Hall.

© Brypeconcit prolifica, Yall.
pis VE — Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall, or congregata Con.
" *, Terebratula Linckleni Hall (?).
ir : Ohonetes sp.
Pibnaisille sp.
Orbiculoidea sp.
345 - Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.
. Paleoneilo emarginata. Conrad.
Nucula Randaili, Hall.
y | Nyassa arguta, Hall.
Grammysia sp.
Orthoceras sp.
a A little higher an exposure of coarse arenaceous shales, 6’ 9” in
Ahicknees, containing fossils characteristic of the coarse Hamilton
: shales.
Fauna of No. 499, E?.
Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad.
_ Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall.
_ Nucleospira concinna, Hall.
Spirifer medialis, Hall.
Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
Terebratula Linckleni, Hall (?).

ee tackotas Spin hacen
- Paracyelas lirata, Conrad. CER 6; te ite
Prterinea flabellum, Conrad. Psyito e. Buol haee! ie
-\ Actinopteria decussata, Hall. oF :
Grammysia magna, Hall. — a ITD ee
' Schizodus ellipticus, Hall (2). Lat \ soaks
| Glyptodesma erectum, Conrad. Hay ee Bh
- Grammysia arcuata, Conrad. fe Wiese
Nyassa arguta, Hall. at
Aviculopecten sp. ater) ee ie
“Near the above locality on a branch of the West onde are co
fave i? | _arenaceous shales, forming a ledge 20’ high. \ Fossils are not
common, and the upper layer is a smooth stratum four: inches t

which would make a thin flagstone. atinati foes wae

1 : i Fauna of No. 499 E. Tit oo eee

ae Spirifer granwifer, Hall. Pps al i ee
Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall. Et y.c0 he oaiegs ea
Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall (?). oe alee aml
_ Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad. HOt

aaa Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. TLL» Nice ss <i

= ——- Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.

a “sabes - Paleoneilo emarginata Con. (?).

me Ae, Pterinea flabellum, Conrad. a

es No. 499, G. Exposures of coarse, arenaceous shales on Quakes ‘Hill, ‘ on

_ about four miles southwest of Brookfield. Near the top of ie bill

Seared. . 5 Ay afin: aN
Fossils are not abundant and the list is as folie : MSP) a a a ie
Spirifer medialis, Hall. In one layer a large number of specimens _

which apparently belong to this species. There are afew which have

a sinus in the fold and a small fold in the bottom of the sinus. | Oy

Be Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. ti! Baar G

ss“ Propidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. . oy ae SakeNt

Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. Bt Gi oka

Ohonetes, sp.

| Modiomorpha subalata, Conrad. Lr ARG

| 500, A1. Exposures by highway about one and one-half miles from :
¥ North Brookfield on road from North Brookfield to Brookfield. | At: | =

: this locality there is a small quarry where building stone has been —

Bsn! quarried. At the base is five feet of massive, bluish gray sandstone _

_ which shows no tendency to split into regular layers. Above the sand- n

pa Thay % 3 Y Fats ie ee A, s

scat Srare suai a 8 ay

Pet

s «
hu

R) a. Maebata, Gon. (?).
Chonetes coronata, Conrad. “ | Treg ee
- Lingula ligea, Hall (?). ite
_ Orbiculoidea grandis, Van. (?). ies .
C Aptrifer medialis, Hall.
_ Spirifer mucronatus, Hall. |
_ Modiomorpha complanata, Hall. 2 3 ok
—Grammysia bisulcata, Con. (?). ig
_ Goniophora hamiltonensis, Hall. {ight yea
_ Cimitaria recurva, Conrad. ) ; -
ee ‘ Tentaculites attenuatus, Hall.
_ Orthoceras constrictum, Con. (?).
5 eal Crinoid stems.
_--- Southeast of 500 A! and 200’ higher on the hillside is an_
| exposure of 10’ of coarse, arenaceous shales. Fauna of 500 A?®, —
EAC as Spirifer medialis, Hall.
oy oa _Rhynchonella contracta, Hall (?).

ate

.

me Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall (?).
a Orinoid stems.
: 500 C.— Gorton Lake, three and one-half miles from Brookfield,

Pe 4 oy

_ occupies a depression near the top of the high hills in that part of the mi 2
oles eaaae At a short distance from the lake, in the outlet is a cascade
giving an exposure of eighty feet, consisting mostly of soft, dark argil-
ie ~ laceous shales. In the bed of the creek, C2, just above the falls, is a
a stratum rich in fossils, both as to number of specimens and species.
_ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad, is very common; Nucleospira concinna,
‘Hall, quite abundant with nicely preserved specimens; and Paracyclas
:. _ lirata, Conrad, also quite common. Ina stratum of the thin black |
_ Shales, C1, about half way down es ravine the following species
_ . - Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad, very common. oa ee
———- Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. e
Nucleospira concinna, Hall, abundant.
Orbiculoidea Doria, Hall. |
__—- Orthoceras subulatum, Hall, more common than in any other locality.
: ‘ of this region.
_——- Phacops rand, » Green, several good ote

a
~

-
at

rysixrr OR si

poy

Babee t

Reape variation in ee fous of ‘the hel |
17: The complete list of fossilsisas follows: = 8 =
ts ie Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad. bY ae . ce sera
Boy 2: Athyris spiriferoides, Katon. | BeAr
3. Spirifer medialis, Hall. ie a
4. Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. ; “Sy etsy
5. Spirifer granulifer, Hall. F eee:
eb, Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall.
ati! 7. Orbiculoida Doria, Wii.

8. Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
e 9. Nucleospira concinna, Hall.
-:10. ~Vitulina pustulosa, Hall.

11. Chonetes coronata, Conrad (?).

‘12. Orthoceras constrictum, Conrad. >
13. Orthoceras subulatum, Hall.

14, Orthoceras nuntium, Hall.

15. Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.
— :16. Grammysia bisulcata, Conrad (?). — | | peo
«14. _Actinopteria decussata, Hall. ave
—--18. Prerinea flabellum, Conrad.
19. Phacops rana, Green.

20. Homalonotus DeKayi, Green.
21. Havosites Hamiltonic, Hall.
22, Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad.
23. Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.
24. Tellinopsis subemarginata, Conrad.

25. Nucula Randalli, Hall.

26. Nyassa arguta, Hall (?).

2%. Nuculites triqueter, Coneud

28. Nucula bellistriata Con. (?). ir’
No. 500. E. An exposure of shales in the bed of a small Bs e a
_ short distance north of North Brookfield. The lower layers (E’) ara
medium coarse arenaceous shales in which Ambocelia umbonata
Conrad, occurs abundantly i in thin layers, but other fossils are rare.
The fauna of No. 500.°E’ is as follows:

‘i

— —— Amboccelia umbonata, Conrad.
vy Productella Shumardiana, Hall.
a Productella truncata, Hall.

te _ Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall (?).
— ——- Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.

a BS ey ele Randati, Hall.

oe A! little farther up the brook the shales are finer, more argillaceous |
Yr. ae contain a larger number of fossils.

x t

‘The fauna of No. 500. E? is:

——- Amboceelia wmbonata, Conrad:

wn z

. _ Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.

fy : _ Rhynchonella polifica, Hall.

_ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. Z
Crammysia, sp. 7
~ Homalonotus DeKayi, Green.

eT 501.C. Exposures along the outlet of the “Lake Swamp” in the |
southwestern part of Brookfield. At the foot of the falls are 6’ of
, _ argillaceous shales (C1) in which Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad,

occurs. Above these argillaceous shales are 24’ of coarse arenaceous
shales, which form the falls. Fossils are not common, but the follow-
ing species were obtained in No. 501 C?:
Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad ;

— Spirifer medialis, Hall.

Ambocolia umbonata, Conrad.
Chonetes coronata, Conrad.
Chonetes deflecta, Hall (?).

_ Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad.
Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.
Grammysia bisulcata, Con. (?).
Homalonotus DeKayi, Green.

' Dalmanites sp., border of pygidium.
From the arenaceous shales above the falls (C3) the following species

were obtained:

Amboceelia umbonata, Conrad.
Chonetes scitula, Hall.

Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.

‘Chonetes coronata, Conrad.
Chonetes deflecta, Hall (?).

(?) Cryptonella planirostra, Hall.
Nucula bellistriata, Conrad.
Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad.

_ Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.
Nuculites triqueter, Con. (?). X
Grammysia sp.

_ Pleurotomaria capillaria, Con. (?).
Loxonema delphicola, Hall (?).

a
i Wy
’%
boll
rd

s <2.
ie
;

Pik Vs

_——

..

mises
ot

rar
ene)

i
aero

sige eich ate
ES ie Pe

8

py

~~
~~.

aan

eae

-

alee
>

a

: oe

FB ss rand, ess Pass notes aa
ras 501 Dt. ‘Exposures on lot No. 6, near fet top of

s Fie species oe collected at this locale.
é

_-——s- Chonetes coronata, Conrad. re

aa _Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. Dati

pie _ Spirifer medialis, Hall.

ae _ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. | é

URE _ Chonetes coronata, Con. var. syrtalis Con.

Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. ie

sa Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?). of

a _ Ahalf mile further north by the roadside and near the top of the

ae hill are arenaceous shales, not so coarse as those of D1, which contain»

an abundance of fossils in some layers. The followine a

é collected at No. 501 D?. Mie a ss
- Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. | ae
Spirifer medialis, Hall, one specimen with a groove in the mesial Sy

fold. Pointe!

_. Spirefer granulifer, Hall (?). pra
_ 501 A. Exposures on Beaver Creek, near the boundary bageee ast

-_ Brookfield and Columbus. A small quarry has been opened in this Bey
rock, but not worked to any extent. The rock consists entirely of an a 2
be: argillaceous, fine grained sandstone which weathers to a yellowish- — Nae
as brown, in some cases breaking up into quite regular blocks, which can
be used for rough building purposes. The rock is evenly bedded i in

Rey layers from 4-inch to a foot or more in thickness. Some of the strata «
: are very fossiliferous, a single stratum of the lower layers, At, con- ee
taining the following species in great abundance: 3 3

i Spirifer medialis, Hall. ee

Es ERhynchonella prolifica, Hall. ‘2 F

Bt Streptorhynchus Chemungensis, Conrad. ey

’ In the layers fifteen feet higher A?, several species were found which — Gok
were not noticed in the lower, as: * Ae

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. | Agee
_ Spirifer granulifer, Hall. t sors
i Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad. EVs
He On a single slab six inches square are good specimens of Bigg
2 leptus carinatus, Conrad; Spirifer medialis, Hall; Lthynchonella —
a ele Hall, and Streptorhynchus Chemungensis, Conrad

aa e complete pene 501 At bad A? is:

; =e carinatus, Conrad.
Streptorhynchus Chemungensis, Bena:

_ Spirifer medialis, Hall.

Spirifer granulifer, Hall. (oh

Gye Spirifer mucronatus, Hall (?). has (

—- Rhynchonella prolifica, Hall.

ey ® ;
; Mies

4a (4
4
+

— Amboccelia umbonata, Conrad.
a Tentaculites alternatus, Hall.

2 — Cypricardinia indenta, Conrad (?).
_ —- Aetinopteria decussata, Hall.

-Crinoid stems.

Station 502 A is one and one-half miles south of West Tidiieatons in
Edmeston, Otsego county. A small run, Burdick’s, cuts through the
_ soil and to some extent into the rocks, affording exposures well up the
hill, The lowest exposure, 502 A',is only a few rods east of Mr.
Burdick’s farm house. The rock is a rather coarse arenaceous shale in
which fossils are common. The following species have been
identified:
ss Spirifera medialis, Hall. The specimens are all small.
~—- Aetinopteria Boydi, Conrad (?).
—- Leptodesma Rogersi, Hall (?).

_ -Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad.

Goniatites. —

_ Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.
Rhynchonella.

Nyassa arguta, Hall.

- Orthoceras.
t A short distance up the creek is a cliff of shales, 502 A®, slightly
more argillaceous than A1, Fossils are not common, all the following
species being rare: ;
$ Rhynchonella; small forms.
—s Spirifera medialis, Hall (?).
Innulicardium fragile, Hall (?).
if Tellinopsis subemarginata, Conrad.
a A specimen belonging to the Pectinide. ’
oat 502 A®% are thin arenaceous shales, quite regularly bedded. Some of

__ the layers contain black clay pebbles. Fossils are;more abundant than
in A®, The fauna is: 7 |
e _ Rhynchonella. ;
The specimens are common, but they are all small. It is possible

yp!

that all of them may be the young of A. congregata, Conrad. Several

bry ‘ " q
-Ruporr on rue Sr.

Nes ty

- a

i: oy Forrr-sixra
a 2 m Me 4 4

of the specimens es to have the Baa of

Dated sinus a fold, a fact noticed by Prof. Hall i in young spe it
of this species (see Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, p. 343). — aagt

Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. |
Segments of crinoid stems. So Va
Ambccelia umbonata, Conrad. Y? Jira
Paleoneilo emarginata, Conrad. gh » ie ba

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.

been called 502 A*. The shales are arenaceous, some lad quite me
lar, and micaceous; generally with fossils, but these are for the most pa

r small forms. The following species from this exposure have been

$ identified: a a

BY Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?). J
_-~—s A majority of the specimens appear to be nearer fi. congregata, Con- ee
‘ae rad, than any other figured forms. Some small specimens which are _ aN

* probably the young of the above resemble small R. prolifica, Hall. 1 tenies 33

¥ is extremely difficult to determine with precision the specific iden ye 5
of many of the Rhynchonellas in the eastern Hamilton. ep ars
ss Spirifer medialis, Hall. | ica
cone Small specimens of the above species. _ + DOa fee nr Se
— Nucula bellistriata, Conrad. | Se a Me
. _Amboccelia umbonata, Conrad. . cia
: _ _Leptodesma Rogersi, Hall (?). : sea 4
Bi. } The wing of the specimens does not appear to be as mucronate as in ihe 2
We figured forms. of this species. In this respect they agree more closely — bat
a - with the short forms of the Chemung, Z. socéale, Hall, particularly with | s
a specimen from Broome county. (See Pal. N. Y., vol. v, pt. LI, pl.
: é 21, fig. 33.) However, Z. Rogersi, Hall, is given as abundant in the — <4
. Hamilton group, and specimens are mentioned from Norwich, Che- “a
me nango county, and Leonardsville, Madison county. (See Pal. N. Y.,
Pe Vol, pt: TT. p..177.) | rR sf
“2 Chonetes scitula, Hall. . oa
Productella. Lares
Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. ;
Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.
ie Goniatites.
a Tenitaculites.
Ber — Goniophora carinata, Conrad.

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.

Tar A
ee

_-
”

RS EA a
ae a

Ls

S , — Lamulicardium Sragile, Hall.

ae ts

Ing to Prof. Hall. (See Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, p. 224.)

REPORT OF THE Srare @zouoeisn,

r

Beis meet

: _ Nucutites i sla Cokrad:

gb Be iacer ae Only a eaten

Plant stems.

ae t ‘
© Dumb-bell ” fucoid or concretion.

a
_-—-—s- Three + miles south of 502 A, or one mile north of south Edmeston
_ is station 502 B. The outcrop consists of arenaceous moderately coarse

- shales i in the bed and side of a small stream. Some of the strata are

_ very fossiliferous, containing a large number of Rhynchonellas and

_ Spirifer Tullius, Hall. The complete fauna is given below:
_ Rhynchonella. |

‘The specimens are numerous and there are apparently forms which

s : are clearly R. Sappho, Hall; others that agree with R. congregata, Con-

rad; while there are intermediate forms among the above species.
Spirifer Tullius, Hall.
Fenestella.
_ Spirifer granulifer, Hall.
‘The external impression of one specimen showing the fine interrupted
strie upon the strong plications; a character not often seen, accord

-

Nuculites triqueter, Conrad.

; Prerinea flabella, Conrad.

D ropidoleptus curinatus, Conrad.

Glyptodesme erectum, Conrad.

Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.

Stropheodonta demissa, Conrad (?). Imperfect specimen.

Chonetes lepida, Hall (?).

Sphenotus solenoides, Hall. - :

The posterior portion of the specimen is well marked by the vascular
lines and the anterior end is long: two characters which Prof. Hall
says distinguish this species. (See Pal. N. Y., vol. v, pt. 1, ii, p. 399.)

Liopteria Rafinesquii, Hall (?).

The specimen is not perfect but apparently similar to a form from
Leonardsville, N. Y., referred to the above species by Prof. Hall. (Se
Pa XY vol. vy, pt. i; 1, pl. 88, fie. 28:) 2

Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.

Paleoneilo emarginata, Conrad.

Phacops rana, Green.

Grammysia.
Pterinopecten (?).

% S Haasston, near the top oe the high hill, is an capusie of
: fue shales called 502 C. This outcrop is considerably hig
i ee than the one just described. The’ fauna is as follows
| Spirifer granulifer, Hall. This Lipa, with the following
“abundant in this exposure. CCTME ME OM
_ Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. ij

_ Stropheodonta perplana, Conrad. : ; BARI =.
” _ Schizodus appressus, Conrad. ge OG Senne
- Palieoneilo emarginata, Conrad. te
aia Crinoid stems.
Modiomorpha mytiloides, Conrad. AED ws hi eae
_ Glyptodesma erectum, Conrad (?). — Bet
i Spirophyton velum, Vanuxem. er

_ Phthonia sectifrons, Conrad.
_ Bellerophon. 1 Ona f
_ Two specimens belonging to the Pectinidee, but generic characte
a very imperfectly preserved. :
_ On the same hillside not far from the station just described, ‘Geuthe
a. | east of South Edmeston and just north of a small brook, is a ee of ie
4 ise ledges. The lithologic characters are the same as for 5 502 C. The lower

%
‘

«identified. 7 y ts ace :

& Chonetes coronata, Conrad. \ "oe ae

BR - here are specimens beside those which are clearly C. coronati, —

a, Conrad, corresponding closely to those figured by Prof. Hall, as the
_-—-young of this species. (See Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, pl. 21, fig. 10 a, b).

. _ ‘The internal impressions of the small forms are pitted in the | same

- - manner as the larger specimens. , eae a

i _Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. ii ee 4 BR
BM _ Crinoid segments, t t, ey

y. Chonetes scitula, Hall. a sa
,.,- Spirifer medialis, Hall (2). Bah) pa So - aa

__ These are small specimens which may be 8. Tullius, Hall, instead of the |
Boy. 2 ADOC.

My Productella dumosa, Hall (?).
ae Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
| — Spirifer fimbriatus, Conrad.

ig Nucula bellistriata, Conrad.

: Palwoneilo muta, Hall.

"Tr 4 f.: is
Fit kar ates
4

ro

ORE OF rae Seare Gi oboaIst.

uP 4, Stee “" ae. £

: en ‘referred to is “probably a . variety of this species; the

wer than i in the specimens figured.
tomaria capillaria, Conrad.
2 lus tenuicinctus, Hall.
e higher exposures were called 502 D?, and the foROW nie. species
"were obtained : |
thee _ Spirifer granulifer, Hall.
Fr - idoleptus carinatus, Conrad.
ee Ms “Rhynchonella.
4 Small form of #&. congregata, Conrad, or FR. prolifica, Hall.
Be | Spirifer medialis, Hall (?). Imperfect specimens.
~ Homalonotus DeKayi, Green. Segments only.
_-Pleurotomaria capillaria, Conrad.
A e Parts of Crinoid stems.
_ Liopteria De Kayi, Hall (?).
Pt Medibeioriha concentrica, Conrad (?). Only a fr dicen

> The above fauna shows that 502 D2? is a continuation of 502 Cz,

_ Spirifer granulifer, Hall, and Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad, being
ed abundant in both stations. ° é
a Three miles south of station 502 Da series of cliffs were examined
on the eastern bank of the Unadilla river. This station 503 A is in
the northwestern corner of Pittsfield township opposite the upper
river bridge and one mile northeast of New Berlin village, Chenango

ve
ey
Se
"

i ev

; county.

=)

Below the highway just at the river’s edge is a bluish-gray sandstone .

Fen

30” in thickness, with coarse arenaceous shales above. The only fossil
A found here, 503 A‘, was a single large perfect specimen of Chonetes
ws coronata, Conrad.

Just above the highway are moderately thin arenaceous shales
r cleaving with some regularity, containing very few fossils. Those
: found in these shales 503 A2 are so fragmentary that a specific identi-
fication is difficult. The most common forms are Grammysia, and

om

| several fragmentary specimens agree quite closely with G. bisulcata, —

Conrad. Also several imperfect specimens of Chonetes were found.
_ ‘Then comes a 10” bluish-gray sandstone, 503 A’, without any fossils
* 80 far as noticed, and above the sandstone rather thin arenaceous
shales, 503 A‘, in which fossils are common. The fauna of 503 A‘ is
% as below: |

_ Chonetes scitula, Hall. ,
f . This species is very abundant in these shales.
Perr 1898. 36

ee Rogersi, ‘all CO He iy ae
— Paliwonelio ¢ constricta, Conrad. gh era
_ Prothyris lanceolata, Hall.
_ Spirifer Tullius, Hall (?).. : iis
Nucula lirata, Conrad. Ma ries Durie, ¢
_ «Spirifer. Imperfect specimens resembling S. mucro:
— Nuculites triqueter, Conrad.
- Goniatites. iy
_- Aspecimen belonging to the Pectinide, but in too impe
. dition to Admit of further identification. ea
Above A* is 20’ that is covered by and soil, then are ledges
“and thin sandstones or very coarse shales. The lower shales
_ are the coarser, consisting of arenaceous, blocky shales some
are. quite fossiliferous. ‘The upper shales of the cliff are
x oe cca, somewhat evenly bedded and similar to ae of

5 “following species were Shtauied:
— Chonetes coronata, Conrad.
—— Ambocelia umbonata, Conrad.
- Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.
— Nuculites oblongatus, Conrad.
Segments of Crinoid stems.
— Spirifer Tullius, Hall.
—s Spirifer fimbriatus, Conrad.
Plant stems. | (aes
Te Spirifer granulifer, Hall (?). eae
ce _ Streptorhynchus Chemungensis, Conrad. ide
Nucleospira concinna, Hall.
Palwoneilo emar ginata,, ‘Conrad.
Grammysia.
Leda diversa, Hali.
Nuculites triqueter, Covrad.
Schizodus. Only a portion of the specimen.
Chonetes UOTE Hall.

species ‘named ito have been identified:
Chonetes scitula, Hall. :
Tropidoleptus cartnatus, Conrad. ‘
These two species are very common.

RT OF THE Tee Gxovosrse,

Ambocee Pocahontas hee
os z bi dienities oblongatus, Conrad,
2 — Spirifer. Small specimens, part of them peeciine S. Tulhus, Hall,
: z See the others S. mucronatus, Conrad.
Terebratula Linckleeni, Hall (?).

_ Paleoneilo constricta, Conrad. .

ence triqueter, Conrad.
Chonetes coronata, Conrad.
Pholadella radiata, Conrad.

— Nueula bellistriata, Conrad.

— Nueula lirata, Conrad.
_ Orthonota undulata, Conrad.
3 Leptodesma Rogersi, Hall.

Coleolus tennicinctus, Hall. |
Pe Spirifer fimbriatus, Conrad (?). Internal impression and consider-
ably worn so that the characters are not clear.

Three miles southeast of 503 A, by the highway between the villages _

~

of New Berlin and Morris, are a series of outcrops, which have been
called 503 B. These ledges begin near the foot of the long hill, the
first a half mile or more beyond Fink’s sawmill. The rock consists of
_ rather coarse, blue, argillaceous shales, weathering greenish, alternating
_ with thin, fine-grained sandstones, and all iron-stained after weathering.
_ Fossils are extremely rare, none being found in the exposures which
_were hastily examined.
Amile farther up the hill from 503 B, north of the highway and —
React above a small creek, is an old quarry, not worked at present. This
: exposure, 503 C, is considerably higher than 503 B. The quarry stone
is a blue, fine-grained sandstone, weathering to a brown, showing the
\ presence of considerable iron. Thin sandstones and argillaceous shales,
similar to those of 503 B, lie above the massive stone which forms the
lowest exposures in the quarry. The only fossils found in the quarry
were fragments of plant stems in a poor sandstone of the upper part.

Tn the soil just above the rock were large, fiat angular stones containing

_ numerous fossils. These slabs had been probably carried but little
_ distance from their place of occurrence. The fossils are mostly Spiri-
: fers and Rhynchonellas, but weathering and other causes have nearly
* obliterated the finer characters. Chonetes and fragments of Lamelli-
__ branch shells were also noticed. ;

503 D isa small exposure by the roadside at almost the summit of

a

a
Re.

o

s the hill, and one-fourth of a mile from the quarry. _These shales are
*

at cs ee Py p>

are *
ya

< os

ae

x i) ; “ F a » ; «
aan ee ~*~ = *. g pa
Spe er ge

wet
yeerer ey

pleas ony arenaceous, at ene are et revesllaeee i.
- Fossils are common, the fauna being as follows: | ae wi ae
| Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad. eS,
_ Part of the specimens are clearly of this species, while | others.
the more angular plications of R. Sappho, Hall; but Prof. Hi :
_ ©The surface plications appear to be more Sue in specimer

_ the arenaceous beds; and the casts of the interior of some sf a
~ which I have referred to this Se es present pe *
plications.” * |
All of the above specimens with angular plications 4 are from
oe aceous shale. Nae
—s Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad.
i Chonetes. 7
Small forms which have about the same number of strie : as. C. lpia (
Hall, while in general proportions they are closely allied to C setiger
et Hall. |
—-—-- Chonetes scitula, Hall. arf
: Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. “oS Sa
Actinopteria Boydi, Conrad (?). hie
The specimens are hardly as wide in proportion to their height as
. “most of the figured forms of the above species. i
_Spirifer sp. Large form with sinus and fold striated by

‘ plications. : hy OS

of ae Leptodesma. . .; ae

at a Paracyclas lirata, Conrad. see |

Pic _ One mile from 503 D, on the eastern slope of the hill, and lower .

ae another little cliff by the roadside, 503 E. In a coarse arenaceous bl

“A : shale were found:

Be Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. , | a at:

etaae Chonetes lepida, Hall (?). irik

Bi Liorhynchus multicosta, Hall. : ‘: |

f | Rhychonella congregata, Conrad. | j 2 “ef

_ Rs Productella. ars

ey In the above shale the fossils are common. A few feet lower is a

a blue thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone quite similar to the quay ny !
; stone of 503 C. :

ees Two and one-fourth miles from 503 E, just across the ‘town-. “4

ey ship line in the northern part of Morris county and one

“Ht ne

and one-half miles north-east of Morris village is an outcrop —

Ne. * Pal. N. Y., vol. iv, p. 342.

<7
a

+ te

vie we

, * 5
I d + 7 ‘

1 at 2 ‘OA
5 ree tenga
me SpAeg t a

ere ite
rh '

ie en Repore | or THE Sinden GxoLoorsn,

ey %, pA;
A¢

; of coarse arenaceous sliales sea iron-stained after weathering. |

at
+

-

s ledge i is called 504 A, and in lithologic character resembles

™ E although lower in actual elevation. The lower oe of the

; - Spirifer mucronatus, ‘Conrad.
| Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad.
_Paracyclas lirata, Conrad.
_ Rhynchonella congregata, Conrad (?).
_Chonetes. |
_ Spirifer. Fragment of a large one.
Orbiculoidea (?).

4 Modiomorpha.

_ Several specimens belonging to the <Aviculidew, but so imper- -
_ fectly preserved that their identification is difficult. In a brook not
far from 504 A, but considerably lower, is a cliff of 15’, 504 B, just
below a sawmill. The rocks are coarse, blue arenaceous shales alternat-
ing with thin, blue sandstones which weather to a brown. No fossils

_ were found, and the general appearance of this outcrop is similar to

those of stations 503 B and C, up the lower two-thirds of the long
reed hill. .
One mile east of Morris village, near the highway leading from

Morris to West Laurens, is 504 C. This exposure is three miles from

604 B, ina small stream flowing into Butternut creek from the south-
east, and not very far up the hill. The lower layers in the creek are

~

iy

blue, arenaceous shales with a 14” sandstone for the top. A little
farther up the creek a quarry has been opened, and 5’ out of the 10’
exposed is quarry stone. The good stone is a blue sandstone which
weathers to a brown and is used for building stone. A single imperfect
specimen of a large Spirifer was found in the sandstone.

Up the hill from 504 C, the soil covers the rocks deeply, affording

_ but small exposures. Two miles from 504 C and about one-half mile

west of West Laurens, in the creek, is a small outcrop of blue
arenaceous shale and thin sandstone called station 505 A. No fossils
were found.

One half-mile southwest of West Laurens station 505 B, in a little
run is an exposure of argillaceous shale somewhat regularly bedded,
which weathers to a greenish tint. A few fossils were found. Several
imperfect specimens of a small Grammysia and a single Paleoneilo,
which is either P. constricta, Conrad, or P. maxima, Conrad. This is

_ the last exposure of fossiliferous shales noticed before the red and gray
shales and sandstones of the Oneonta group are reached.

_ At Oneonta, in the Susquehanna river valley, 3 is an excellent Oppo
oe tunity to study the transition from the fossiliferous rocks up into:

~ exposes 15' of bluish sandstone separated ne shaly layer fi into th

‘strata. .
Fauna of No. 507 B}.

1. Spirifer mesastrialis, Hall (a).*

| the borings of some parasite.
De Spirifer mucronatus, Conrad. (rr).

of the sinus.
83. Chonetes deflecta, Hall ae

‘ ‘ie : About 26 strive, cardinal angles flattened and smooth, quite
a gibbous. | me aoe
4, Rhynchonella Stephani, Hall (c). | pa at

5. Spirifer ziczac, Hall (?) (tr). 7
Me | Impression of dorsal valve showing about six plications, with’:
-. mesial depression in the fold. mt :
oe 6. Rhynchonella Sappho, Hall (rr). ae :
1%. Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad (rr). Raven
he 8. Nucula bellistriata, Con. var. (a). cine
| The specimens are all smaller than those figured in the Palzon-—
| tology of New York; but they have the fine striz and generat :
7 form of this species. ao a
9. Palewoneilo maxima, Con. (c). | ives iC

10. Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus, Con. (x). pe}

The strize are finer than those of the typical Hamilton specimens,
but similar to those from Ithaca and Port Crane, Broome eounty, :
New York. |
11. Goniophora carinata, Conrad (rr). P.
i 12. Nyassa arguta, Hall (r). | te eae a

*a — abundant, ¢c = common. r=rare, aa= very abundant, cc = very common, rr= id
very rare. : ah

ag fo righ 2 Foes: “hi aaa “! 1 re e acer ;
f mE 2 Snare GaoLog GIST.

23. Leptodesma Rogersi, Hall.
94. Liopteria De Kayi, Hall.
25. Orthonota undulata, Conrad.
Microdon (Cypricardella) complanatus, Hall.

a Coleolus Menuicincius, Hall (?) (a).
ae ee The specimens have the sraeialae transverse striae of the above
ae ia ‘species, but the size of 7! bellulus, Hall.

29. Pleurotomaria subemarginata, Con. (aa).:
8. Homalonotus De Kayi, Green (rr).
« Lepidodendron Gaspianum, D’n (rr).
The rocks from which the above fauna came belong i in Conrad’s
Becta group (not Vanuxem’s Oneonta sandstone, which is
. Pek forming the upper part of the hill), and were correlated

aie
hn
eS

to belong to the Ithaca group.*

_____In the western part of the village is a small creek and along its
banks are exposures of this same zone. The lowest shales in the

___ ereek (507 F') contain the following species:

wl. Spirifer mesastrialis, Hall (c).

2. Chonetes deflecta, Hall (?) (rr).

ae 3 Rhynchonella Stephani, Hall (r).

X % 4. Nucula bellistriata, Con. var. (c).

FA. Grammysia bisulcata, Con. (rr).

o Farther up the creek along the old raceway the following species

__-were obtained:

1. Spirifer mesasirialis, Hall (x). eeu.

2. Chonetes deflecta, Hall (a).

* \

z : * Geol. N. Y., pt. iii, p. 192. The clause reads: ‘‘The base of which [hill] is composed of
ks which I have supposed to belong to the Ithaca group.”

» quite accurately by Vanuxem, who stated that he supposed them —

a: Per aht ne- . hs wid Dace Mic aia toe a pbieiias ¢ Op sary

‘
rr

286 eete ks REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM.,

3. Pan nanbae sp., part of the specimens are like R. one Pe
Hall, but there are small ones similar to the small forms of Re La
eximia, Hall. aoe

4. Microdon ( Cypricardella) bellistriatus, Con. (rr). The Ithaca form,

5. Paracyclas lirata, Con. (x). : oo
6, Nuculites oblongatus, Con. (rr). cm
7. Nucula bellistriata, Con. var. (zr).

8. Palceoneilo maxima, Con. (zr). ‘

‘9. Tellinopsis subemarginata, Con. (rr).

10. Goniophora carinata, Con. (rr).

Near Otego, eight miles down the Susquehanna river trom —
Oneonta, the highest beds of the fossiliferous zone below the
Oneonta sandstone are exposed and the following species were
obtained: :

. Nuculites oblongatus, Con.
Modiomorpha concentrica, Con.
Paracyclas lirata, Con.
Prothyris lanceolata, Hall.
Rhynchonella eximia, Hall.
Spirifer mesastrialis, Hall.
Spirifera mesacostalis, Hall (?)
. Paleoneilo muta, Hall.
. Nuculites cuneiformis, Con.
10. Microdon ( Cypricardella) tenuistriatus, Hall.
11. Tropidoleptus carinatus, Con.
12. Coleolus aciculum, Hall.
13. Productella speciosa, Hall, small variety.
At Schenevus, fifteen miles up the river from Oneonta, in the bluish
shales near the foot of the high hill south of the vi'lage the following

La

a wo

us

Co OO sF Co Ox

species were collected :

Spirifer Tullius, Hall.

Microdon ( Cypricardella) bellistriata, Con.
Modiella pygmea, Con,

Tropidoleptus carinatus, Con,

Nuculites oblongatus, Con. var.

Phacops rana, Green.

Orthoceras ceelamen, Hall.

Rhodea pinnata, Dn.

Spirifer mucronatus, Con.

Jul
.

?

Ot qo bo

—
ae

Grammysia subarcuata, Hall.

dbcar ae ia
Nas myo

he Ba ae | REPORT ( OF rae Srare pi nobeien PINE te QR ee ee

“i Rie ‘Ohonetes coronata, aes . Pak! in Ue
12, Paleoneilo emarginata, Con. (?).
a 13. Nucula corbuliformis, Hall (?). 3
The stratigraphic results of this study may be summarized in the fol- z
es lowing manner :
_ The Unadilla section commences in Corniferous limestone at Paris
Hill, and the last exposures of the limestone are seen just east of
Babcock Hill P. O. station, 496 B. | Bs
_ The high hill north-east of Bridgewater, station 497 A, is composed . ae
_ principally of Marcellus shales, with transitional shales forming the ne
- summit of the hill. A statement similar to the above may be made in

regard to the low hill, 497 B, south-west of West Winfield, which is “
the most southern exposure of typical Marcellus shale. eS
At Unadilla Forks undoubted Hamilton shales and sandstones are a

found on Markham mountain. From the last station to 583 A in the
northeastern part of Pittsfield, near New Berlin village, there is an
alternation of coarse or fine shales with thin sandstones, all containing

characteristic eastern Hamilton faunas. The fossils are not so abundant Le

. . . . . . ; . a”

- either in number of species or specimens as in the Cayuga section of the nig
Hamilton. The rock is also much more arenaceous in the Unadilla sec- “we

tion, very little of the shale being so fine or argillaceous as that of
Cayuga lake. The encrinal limestone of the Hamilton, the Tully lime- “a
stone and the Genesee shale were not seen, although Vanuxem men- |
tioned Genesee shale at New Berlin.*

The fossiliferous outcrops in the river valley at New Berlin were |
regarded by the State Geologist of that district as the easternmost
Hamilton exposure; the higher rocks being considered by him as the -.
equivalent of the Portage and Ithaca groups.t pe

Succeeding the New Berlin fauna, station 503 A, there is a con- ‘3
‘siderable thickness of blue shales and sandstones which are almost non- *
fossiliferous. In places the sandstone attains a thickness and regularity 1
of bedding sufficient for quarrying. These shales and sandstones form

all the long Pittsfield hill, except its summit or include stations 503 B “0
and C, and probably 504 B and C of Morris township. This zone is : :
regarded by the writer as the eastern continuation of the Sherburne iy
sandstones and shales of the Annual Report.}

* Geol. N. Y. Pt. iii, p. 292. %
_ tIbid, p. 292.
$N. Y. Ann. Geol. Rep’t, 1840, p. 381; Geol. N. Y. Pt. iii, pp. 170-2 and 292-3, Since this thesis x

was written I have published articles confirming this correlation. See Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci, z
vol. xxxvi, p. 210; also Am. Jour. Sci. vol. xlvi, p. 212.

| Vv m |
ig which has been. ier ihe a Bak adalah lirata a
Devonian fauna as traced above the horizon of the G 8
- Stations 503 D. and E. and 504 A. are in this. zone,
2 ° better exposed in the ‘Susquehanna river valley near One
zone is evidently the Oneonta group of Conrad,t while
regarded it as belonging to the Ithaca group. fas aces i
Later writers ue all of these upper shales and —— to.

‘i fauna, i . 3 ;
" Following the “Paracyclas lirata stage” are the red laud gray
' stones and shales of Vanuxem’s Oneonta or Montrose group.4
_ group or stage of rocks forms all of the high land between Butte
3 creek and Otego river; between Otego river and the Susquehz
river and the high hills south of the Susquehanna river. —

* Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, p. 225; also chart.

+N. Y. Ann. Geol. Rept., 1841, pp. 31, 50 and 53.

-$ Geol. N. Y., Pt. IIT, p. 192.

§ Science, vol i, p. 290 (Dec. 11, 1880); Pal. N. _Y., vol. v, Pts. I, tt, p. 517-518,

| Proc, Am, Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, pp. 225, 233-284, and chart. a

4 N. Y. Ann. Geol. Rept., 1840, p. 381. See also Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv,
226, 238, 234, and chart. i.

RB PORT

t

OF THE

i

E ENTOMOLOGIS

37

pe +e
Mane |

GO Ne EN. DS:

PAGE
NEE UE, Dyce es Ls Sa tate phase oA) oie wigtldtelass-4. a0 ack 642m Se eee 293
aE: PACVT NEED WCE Dae Y TAR Nos ons Siete’ n ee oe wna e ow cee see aslegeny 295

- Inguriovus INSECTs :

Anthrenus scrophulariz and Attagenus piceus, two Carpet Beetles.... 299

Tenebrio obscurus (Fabr.)— The American Meal-worm............... 307
Pollenia rudis (Fabr.) —The Cluster Fly ...... eM fe Ce ay tate ioe 309
Murgantia histrionica (Hahn.)— The Harlequin Cabbage-bug......... 315
Psylla pyricola (Foerster) — The Pear-tree Psylla..... ............... 317
Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer) —The Green-striped Locust ..... 330
NOTES ON VARIOUS INSECTS, etc.
Eriocampa cerasi (Peck) — The Cherry-treée or Pear-tree Slug......... 335
Papilio Cresphontes (Cramer) —The Yellow-banded Swallow-tail...... 336
Podosesia syringe (Harris)— The Syringa Borer..............-...005 308
Carpocapsa pomonella (Linn.)— The Codling Moth................... 338
Dynastes Tityus (Linn.), as a Fruit-eater........ Nea ae) dae aie 342
Crioceris asparagi (Linn.)—- The Asparagus Beetle .................05 342
Systena frontalis (Fabr.)—Injuring Gooseberry Foliage....... +e, prise 343
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, the Pennsylvania Soldier-Beetle..... BH
Pissodes strobi (Peck) The White-pine Weevil ...................008 544
Myzus cerasi (Fabr.)—The Cherry-tree Aphis ...............000.0004 B45
Pemphigus tessellata (Fitch) The Alder-blight Aphis............... 346
Phylloxera vitifoliz (Fitch) The Grapevine Phylloxera............ 347
Crangonyx mucronatus (Forbes), a Blind Shrimp in Wells............ 347
eres SS1FH LOK FOURCUOR . 0 Sas wn ceibinidin.s «ona = went ss ene ree ee 349
INSECT ATTACKS : \
Resistance of Fleas to Insecticides... .............ccccccceccccevccaces 352
Sere sar segrins Nursery Stock. 23. ....5. 55-6. ee ey eee wens 353
fee Wine Grab Baten by the Robin... 0... sce een n nsw sncnyer 306
A Maple-tree Pruner, Elaphidion parallelum Newm..... cola Spr eeade he aA ie 357
The Striped Cucumber beetle, Diabrotica vittata (Fabr.).............. 361
The Grape Curculio, Craponius inzequalis (Say) ..........0....cceeeee 364

wy). t-

yi

fe tan ‘HuiieguizedlAteck on Bes! settee eee nae oye
‘ 4 The Plum-tree Aphis, and the Brown, Rot.. Re Ae a,
vhs The Currant Aphis, Myzus ribis (inn.).. gel Te Sat 2 os |
- Aphides and Myriapods as Aster and Lily Pests. af a nae shee

4

ee
pS ee ches oy rte aa

APPENDIX.

we CATALOGUE OF THE KNown HomopTera OF THE STATE OF Ne

TR BE eo obec ne ones pe PRI ae oe

8) prrowovotea, ADDR nnn

© List OF PUBLICATIONS. OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST oh ee ike eee

CownmiBUTioNs 70 THE DEPARTMENT.......00cccceceeusven seeven

; . . 3 os 524
a a dae fo 0 ‘eo ist 40:0) 8 6 alee)» eee eee eee eee ee ee teeeee 0 978 UES came

ri: = ; a ti. {

Vv -

‘

RS ae i Si WP, RS Sc na i, SCRA ahh Ge a a
¥. i a Pat eye = Me Pie, * at va a) ew P xe i " oe .
» Biel <- iy sy 3 “i i? Silt a ee : ~ og ‘ "
mE : heen A ” ‘ fe ; ‘

© ONS cS al cage i

OFFICE OF THE STaTE Enromoroaist, }
Axrpany, December 10th, 1892.

To the Regents of the University of the State of New York:

GrNTLEMEN.— I have the honor of presenting to your Board
my Ninth Report on the Injurious and Other Insects of the State
of New York, embracing some of the studies and observations of
-my department during the current year.

The year has been one of remarkable exemption from insect
injuries, as the result, beyond question, of meteorological con-
ditions unfavorable to the multiplication of our more common
insect pests. This has been particularly noticeable in the very
few complaints that have been received of injuries to fruits—
certainly not one-fifth of the average of preceding years. While
this, in part, may be ascribed to the better knowledge of methods
of dealing with the enemies of fruits to which our fruit-growers
‘are becoming educated, and to the rapidly growing use of
insecticides and spraying implements, certain it is that several
of our more noxious insects, which almost annually are the
cause of serious injury, did not present themselves in sufficient
number to call for active operations against them. Thus, apple

trees for the most part, escaped their customary early spring |

visitation of the aphis, Aphis mali. The cherry-tree aphis,
Myzus cerasi, was not prevalent. The orchard tent-caterpillar,
Chisiocampu Americana, was far less abundant than in preceding
years. Nota single communication came to me relating to the
operations of the eye-spotted bud-moth, 7’metocera ocellana, which
had been exceedingly destructive in 1891, and a general cause
of complaint from the orchardists of Western New York. The
pear-tree Psylla, Psylla pyricola, which threatened, in its excessive

increase, to extend its destruction to pear trees in the Hudson.

river valley to other portions of the State, has not, during the
past season, inflicted any appreciable harm.

=

| ¥ Ab
Soin) t = ge Ovhee ae
a ee ‘
¥ % if if
4, BAS

294 Forry-sixtH Report on THE State Museum

No very severe attacks have been reported to me upon either —
garden or field crops. No complaint has reached me of injury

to any of our grains from the grain aphis, Siphonophora avena,

although again appearing.in Columbia county, nor did the hop-

vine aphis, Phorodon humuli, very materially affect the yield of
our hop yards. The year has further been an exceptional one
in that no new insect pest of marked economic importance has
come under my notice calling for special investigation. Several
of the minor attacks to which my attention has been drawn, will
be noticed in the “ Notes for the Year,” to follow.

It was hoped that time would have been found to enable me

to complete for publication some studies commenced in fornaer
years, but this has been prevented by a serious and protracted

i

illness. I have also reason to regret that owing to this illness, -

I was compelled to cancel a number of engagements for address-
ing the farmers and fruit-growers of our State and scientific
bodies, during the winter months. While the work of this
Department would be largely extended and promoted by attend-
ance at such meetings, it would at the same time make ample
returns to your entomologist in information that he could not as
well obtain through any other means.

The addition to the State Collection for the year has been over

2,500 specimens. Memoranda commenced.on April Ist, show ~

the number of specimens collected by me, 2,419. Of these 2,323
have been labeled and 1,411 mounted. :

The Contributors to the Collection number fifty-three. <A list
of their contributions is appended to this Report. The cus-
tomaryy list of the publications of the entomologist during the
year, embracing thirty-three titles, accompanied with brief sum-
maries of contents, will also be found in the Appendix.

The additional room and cases for which arrangements had
been made, as stated in my report for 1891, have not yet been
provided. This want has interfered with and impeded work
which has been commenced in the classification of the biological
material, both dry and in alcohol, and which is not at present
conveniently accessible for reference or for study.

Respectfully submitted.
J. A. LINTNER.

GENERAL NOTES FOR THE YEAR.

In the absence of any serious outbreak of insect injury ‘during the
year, the following notes on some of the more common species that are
with us in greater or less abundance annually, may be put on record.

The fall tent-caterpillar, Myphantria cunea (Drury), has been
noticeably abundant in various parts of the State— in Oswego county
and elsewhere. . ;

The injury to the foliage of the elm and horse-chestnut trees on the
streets of Albany by the caterpillar of the white-marked tussock-moth,
Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.-Abb.), which has been remarked upon in
preceding reports, was again quite serious during the past summer.
The falling to the pavement of the tips of the elm twigs, consequent on
the girdling of the stem by the young larve for food, was not nearly as
abundant as that noticed in 1883 (see Second Report on the Insects of
New York) and in some subsequent years, nor was the insect so gen-
erally distributed throughout the city. But in certain localities, at
about the time of cocoon spinning, the caterpillars could be seen by
hundreds on the sidewalls of corner houses, as upon my own residence
shaded by several large elms. <A row of tall elms. opposite had the
foliage so severely eaten during the months of June and July as no
longer to serve the purpose of shade, and not to be recognizable as elms
at a short distance from them. Several horse-chestnut trees in the
vicinity were entirely defoliated, except that portions of the larger ribs
were left uneaten.

The Dryocampa rubicunda (Fabr.) caterpillar very seldom appears
in harmful numbers in New York or the eastern States, but an excep-
tional occurrence of it was reported from Monticello, Sullivan county,
N. Y., on the grounds of Mr. John D. Lyons, where a number of soft
maple trees, which had been set out by him a few years, before, were
completely defoliated by it during the summer. In several of
the western States, as notably in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, the
soft maples planted as shade trees in cities are annually almost stripped
of their foliage.*

* Bulletin No. 14, vol. iii, 1890, of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska, pp. 54-59.

The cabbage Plusia, Plasin brassice (Riley), which is so great oa a ;

pest to cabbage growers in the southern States, but is by no means

common in the State of New York (see Second Report on the Insects of 1 ae
New York), has been complained of as giving much trouble in a green- be

se

house at Garden City, L. L, N.Y. Rev. Dr. Cox has written of it:
“The caterpillar specially affects young parsley, but will also feed con-
tinuously on heliotrope, pelargium, and, in fact, on almost any green
thing.” : .

The canker-worm, Anisopteryx vernata (Peck), was so abundant in

‘

some orchards in Monroe county as to have nearly destroyed the

foliage. Orchards in Cooperstown, Otsego county, were so despoiled

by the caterpillars as to present the appearance of having been scorched

and shriveled by fire.
The apple-worm of the codling-moth, Garpocapsa pomonella, was

les3 injurious than usual throughout most of the State. An extensive ©

fruit-grower and nurseryman of Rochester has written me of it:
“Codling-moths in our orchards were almost extinct, it being difficult

- to find an apple with the larva or its burrows in it. I can not account -

for this, as ordinarily they are very abundant with us.”

Although I have stated that nothing had been reported to me of
injuries from the eye-spotted bud-moth, Zmetocera ocellana (Schiff.),
during the year, I have since learned, on special inquiry, that it has
been continuing its ravages in Western New York, without diminution,
but rather on the increase, and that it threatens to become a permanent
pest.

The cow-horn fly, Hematobia serrata R. Desv., the introduction

of which into New York was announced in my preceding report, has

during the year become generally distributed over the State. It is

‘known to me to occur in forty-four of the sixty counties, and with
scarcely a doubt is present in each one. The rapidity with which thi§
insect has spread throughout the country is almost, or quite, without a
parallel in the histories of our imported pests. First known in the
‘United States only six years ago, it has at the present time become an
annoying pest to cattle in New England, Florida, Mississippi, Kansas,
and many of the intermediate States, and in Canada from the western
part of the Province almost to Quebec.

Severe injuries to potatoes and to strawberry plants from the white
grub of, probably, Lachnosterna fusca (Frohl.), were reported from
Cattaraugus county. Examples, for identification, of Lachnosterna
tristis (Fabr.) were received from Mr. J. 8S. Smart, of Cambridge,

Sipe

’

oh Ses Si Bi lh sh RT Pg ih aan a a
were. Bat) aye A eee oe 2 » fi ‘ SY Cit nd of r ae
> wy - : ¥ i ° *

: ae uF “4 :
T pene ee i }

eee A” a ' et a
; Niwte Report or THE STATE EnromMoLoaisr 297

¢

Washington county, which had appeared in large companies in the
“month of May in localities in the neighborhood and devoured the
foliage of trees, showing a preference for the sugar maples.’

The elm tree beetle, Galerucella Nanthomelcna (Schr.), or G. luteola
Mull., as we may, in obedience to the law of priority be obliged to call
it, has not, so far as we know, reached Albany in its steady northward .
progress. It is said to have done much damage to elms in Dutchess
county in June.

One of the Chrysomelid flea-beetles, Systena jfrontalis (Fabr.), was
observed as quite destructive to the foliage of the gooseberry at the
Geneva Agricultural Experiment Station, early in August. It is
believed that this is the first time it has been found to attack the
gooseberry.

The Colorado potato beetle, Doryphora decemlineata (Say), although
twenty years have passed since it first entered the State of New York,
is still continuing with us,— less abundantly in some years than in others,
but always in sufficient numbers to call for protection from its destruc-
tiveness by the use of Paris green or London purple. Spraying or
sprinkling the vines with one of the arsenites is now quite generally

practiced throughout the State. During the year it has been reported
as doing much damage in Chautauqua and Albany counties, but perhaps
not greater than in other counties where no mention of its injuries has
been made. In its progress northwardly the insect has reached Prince
Edward Island, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, north latitude 464 degrees,
and has caused great damage to the potato crop the present year.

The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), was quite
harmful to plums in Orange and other of the Hudson river counties,
and in Monroe county about Rochester.

The little Curculionid beetle, Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linn.), for some
unexplained reason, frequently intrudes in large numbers in dwelling-
houses. In August, examples for name were received from Moriches,
Long Island, where they were infesting a house to the extent of being
an annoyance to the household. For notice of some similar occurrences
see my 2d Report, page 51, 4th Report, page 14, and 6th Report, page
107; also Insect Life, v, pag2 46. The insect is known to be very
destructive to the plants that it attacks, but as it is strictly phytophagie,
no fear need be entertained of injury from its presence in houses.

__. The grass crop was materially injured in some of the western coun-
_ ties of the State by an unusual number of “grasshoppers” (locusts),
_ probably Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De Geer), and allied species.

| 1895. 38

i

ean

i :
eee 3 6 : "he

\ } La ein SSN

298 Forry-stxtuH Report on THE Srare McsEeum

2h 1) Sa ege

_ Some alarm was excited in portions of Columbia county by an early

appearance of multitudes of young “ grasshoppers” while snow was ye
on the ground. It was feared that their abundance at this time
betokened an excessive multiplication as the season advanced. The
insect, from examples received, was ascertained to be the young of “the

4 4,

green-striped locust,” Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer). A notice ~

of it and of its occasional winter appearances is contained in this report.

As a possible addition to the faunal list of our drinking waters may
be named a species of Ephemera— one of the “day-flies.” Several
examples of it were received in April from Professor G. C. Hodges, of
the Utica Academy, with the information that they had been taken.
from a water-filter in Utica. From a notice contained in the Utica
Observer of April 25th, it appears that the filter was one that was con-
nected with a fountain on a lawn. The little orifices through which
the water escaped having become clogged, the cap was taken off, and,
on examination, a large accumulation of the May-fly larve was
found. ‘Two days thereafter the same trouble recurred, and with the
same results. Some of the larvee were sent to Washington for com™

parison, where they were identified as, in all probability, belonging to —

the genus Ephemera, but as there were no named larve of the family
Ephemeridc in the collections of the National Museum, no more definite
determination could be made.

Among other living forms which in previous years have come under
my observation as having been drawn from water-faucets in dwelling-
houses in Albany where their occurrence might have been inconvenient

if not dangerous, are examples of Gordius, or the so-called “hair-—

snake,” a blood leach of considerable size, and a specimen of the large
intestinal worm, Ascazis lumbricoides with several inches in convoluted
form of its extruded ovaries crowded with its countless eggs (now in
the collection of the New York State Museum).

INJURIOUS INSECTS.

Anthrenus scrophularic (Linn): Attagenus piceus (Oliv.).

Two Carpet Beetles.

(Ord. CoLzoprERA: Fam. DERMESTID#.)

Linn.xus: Faun. Suec., 1761, p. 429 (Dermestes); Syst. Nat., 1767, i, pars ii, p.

568. 1 (Byrrhus).

Faprictus: Syst. Ent,, 1775, p. 61. 2; Spec. Ins., i, 1781, p. 70. 2; Mant. Ins., i,

1787, p. 39. 2 (Dermestes); Syst. Eleuth., 1801, p. 107.

LAMARCE: Hist. Nat. An. Sans. Vert., iv, 1835, p. 724.
MELSHEIMER: in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., ii, 1844, p. 117 (describes A.

LECONTE: in Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vii, 1854, p. 112 (describes A. flavipes

thoracicus, now regarded as a variety of A. scrophularie).

and A. lepidus and A. thoracicus, now regarded as varieties of A.
scrophularic); in Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil., 1876, p. 195 (occurrence
at Albany); in Bull. G.-G. Surv. Terr., ii, 1879, p. 503 (Rocky Mts. at
6,000 ft. altitude). .

LINTNER: in The Argus [Albany, N. Y.], Oct. 21, 1876; in Schenectady Union,

a

Oct. 21, 1876; in Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., xxxii, for 1872-1876, p.
236; in Count. Gent., May 31 and June 7, 1877, xlii, pp. 347, 363: in id.,.
Aug. 2, 1877, p. 491, c. 24 (stages, history, remedies, attraction to
flowers, etc.); Entomolog. Contrib., iv, June, 1878, pp. 15-23, figs. a-d;.
in Amer. Nat., xii, Aug., 1878, pp. 536-544, figs. la, b, c, d; in Count.
Gent., Sept. 12, 1878, xliii, p. 583, c. 2, 8; in Proc. Albany Institute, ii,
1878, pp. 310-313; in Count. Gent., Aug. 7, 1879, p. 503, c. 4; in Thirtieth
Rept. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1879, pp. 127-135 (general account);
in Johnson’s Nat. Hist., ii, 1880, p. 651, figs. a-d (brief notice of stages,
etc.); First Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1880, pp. 9, 10, fig. 5 (brief notice); in
Count. Gent., Aug. 23, 1883, xlviii, p. 681, c. 2 (its food and remedies);.
in Amsterdam Daily Democrat, July 21, 1884, p. 3, c. 3, 4 (habits,
remedies, etc.); in Count. Gent., Aug. 14, 1884, xlix, pp. 676, 677, c. 4,1
(history, habits, transformations, remedies, and preventives); in
American Cyclopedia, iv, 1883, p. 797: Second Rept. Ins. N. Y.,
1885, p. 46 (mention); Fifth Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1889, pp. 267, 268, fig. 38-
(habits and as a museum pest); Sixth Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1890, p. 118,
fig. 11 (Adalia mistaken for it); in Count. Gent., Aug. 21, 1890, lv, p.
662, c. 3 (remedies); Seventh Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1891, p. 335
(introduction).

300 FORTY-SIXTH Report ON THE STATE Museum . Mitte os
SAUNDERS: in Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1878, pp. 33-35, fig. 14 (from Lintner in | ne
Amer, Nat.). AS
HAGEN: in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hy ex, 1878. pa0T (aoticet as a museum peat); yes
in Canad. Entomol., x, 1878, p. 161 the same with figures, in Rept. ov
Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1879, pp. 30, 31, fe 1; in Boston Journal forJuly
15, 1879. ..
RILEY: in N. Y. Tribune, Dec. 1, 1878 (ravages and remedies, figs.) id., for
Dec. 4, 1878 (food-habits, and spread); in Amer. Entomol., iii, 1880,
pp. 53-55, fig. 15 (trapping the beetle); in Insect Life, ii, 1889, pp. 127-
130, fig. 19 (general account). oe a \
JAYNE: in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xx, 1882, p. 369, figs. 66, 69 (descriptions). .
APGAR: in Science, for Nov. 21, 1884, iv, p. v (unaffected by Naphthaline).
WEED: in Prairie Farmer, Sept. 10, 1887, p. 582, c. 2 (Tavages in Michigan).
HAMILTON: in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, 1889, p. 129 (its varieties), _
FERNALD: Bull. No. 5, Hatch Exp. St. Mass., July, 1889, pp. 3-6, fig. 1.
BEUTENMULLER: in Journal N. Y. Microscop. Soc., vii, 1891, p. 14 (bibliography
of early stages).
Dermestes piceus OLIVIER: Entomol., ii, 1790, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 4 a, b; Encye.
Method. Hist. Nat Ins., vi, 1790, p. 267.
Dermestes megatoma Fapricius: Ent. Syst. Supp., 1798, p. 71. 1; Syst.
Eleuth., i, 1801, p. 313. 5.
Attagunus spurcus LECONTE: in Proc. Wet Nat. Sci. Phil., vii, 1854, p. 109.
Attagenus dichrous LECONTE: in Proc. Acad. N. 8. Ph., viii, 1854, p. 110.
Attiagenus rufipennis LECONTE: in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859, p. 71.
Attagenus sp. ? WALSH: in Pract. Entomol., i, 1866, p. 34 (in feathers).
Attagenus megatoma. PROVANCHER: Pet. Faun: Ent. Can.,— Coleop., 1877,
p. 305. Baie \
Attagenus megatoma. HAGEN: in Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xx, 1878, pp. 56, 61
(as a museum pest).
Attagenus megatoma. LINTNER: in Count. Gent., xliv, 1879, p. 503 (feeds on
carpets; id., xlvii, 1882, p. 567, c. 2 (description); Ent. Contrib., iii,
1882, p. 64 (remedy); Second Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1885, pp. 46-48 (general -
notice of habits, etc.).
Attagenus megatoma. RILEY: in Amer. Nat., xvi, 1882, p. 1019 (causes felting);
in Rural New Yorker, Oct. 14, 1882, xli, pp. 699, 700 (felting); in Amer.
Nat., xvii, 1883, p. 790.
Attagenus piceus JAYNE: in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., xx, 1882, p. 355 (descrip-
tion), p. 374, pl. 1, figs. 22, 23 (antenne). } i
Attagenus megatoma. DIMMOCK: in Cassino’s Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 1884, p. 378 |
(feather felting). R 4
Attagenus piceus. HmnsHaw: List. Coleop. N. A., 1885, p. 54, No. 3434. a
Attagenus piceus. FERNALD: in Bull. 5. Hatch Agr. Exp. St., July, 1889, p. 6.
Attagenus piceus HAMILTON: in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xvi, 1889, p. 129
(distribution).
Attagenus megatoma. RILEY-HowarpD: in _ Insect Life, ii, 1890, pp.
317-318 (feather felting); in 7d., ili, p. 170 (in houses).

& -
a ee a

¢

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 20t

Attagenus piceus. RILEY-Howarp: in Insect Life, iii, 1890, p. 34 (incr. and
° inj. in Washington); pp. 65, 66 (injuring carpets); id., iv, 1892, p. 345
(abundance and injury in Illinois), p. 404 (feather felting).
Attagenus piceus. BEUTENMULLER: in Journ. N. Y. Microscop. Soc., vii, 1891,
p. 14 (bibliography of larval descriptions).

Both of the above-named insects have been briefly noticed in former
reports, but so frequent are the inquiries received in relation to there
and so serious the injuries that they inflict, that some additional notes
on them may be acceptable and prove of service.

The publication of a Bulletin, to contain all that seemed desirable
for practical purposes and of interest to know, which could serve as a
convenient reply to the many inquiries made, has been in contemplation
for some time, but it still awaits the leisure for its preparation. In
the meanwhile the bibliography herewith presented should be of service
to those desiring to learn more of its history and habits.

Some Features of Anthrenus scrophularicze
In the accompanying diagrammatic drawings (after Jayne) represent-
ing the markings of the beetle as seen from above, a is that of the typical
scrophularie. In comparison with
Figure 2, reproduced from former
reports, it more faithfully repre-
sents the hundreds of examples
that have come under my observa-
tion, in the extended white mar-
ginal bordering of the thorax;
while the white spots near the
outer border of the wing-cover
Aide b nan erent nae Poosees, are too sharply defined and fail to
— connect with the red projections
from the sutural line so as to form the irregular }
transverse bands. It should be remembered that
the line (sutural) along the joining of the wing-
covers and its three inward projections are orange-
red, and a striking characteristic of the species.
There are, however, marked differences in orna-
mentation, which are to some extent local: two
varieties bear the name of var. flavipes LeConte,
(shown at 6 in Figure 1), and var. thoracica Mels.,
at c. At d, the 11-jointed clubbed antenna is eeaUrAnGe, RiGee
represented, by means of which it may be separated from the other
species of the ‘genus.

» i N ° *
302 ForvyY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE State Museum

Ignorance Respecting the Carpet Beetles.

Almost every newspaper published in the United States has contested,

some account of the dreadful “ carpet beetle” or “ buffalo bug,” giving
its habits, describing its appearance, often accompanied by figures rep-
resenting its different stages; still, there are many who are not able
to distinguish it from a harmless lady-bug when they find the two in
intimate association in rooms where carpets and clothing are evidently
suffering from “carpet bug” attack.

The following letter, from Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in which this ignor- ;

ance is displayed, is one of many. of a similar tenor:

_ [herewith send you a small vial containing what is believed to be the

carpet-bug in two, perhap; three, forms of its existence. The creature
is giving us much trouble and injuring valuable property. If you can
aid in identifying the animal, and in stopping its ravages, you will con-
fer a great favor on many sufferers.

The little lady-bug has been found in great numbers about our dwell- —

ings, and in such relation to injured carpets, etc., as to create the belief
that it is the veritable carpet- bug; but if I am right i in supposing that
the insect I send you is the “real, Simon-pure ” little pest, then the pet
lady-bug has been more “sinned ‘against than sinning.” E. L. B.

Larval features of the two Insects.

The vial contained a specimen of the veritable carpet bug, which
has become such a formidable household pest, but in its larval stage
only —not in subsequent forms of its existence. In company with
it was another larva and two perfect beetles. The larva of the obnox-
ious Anthrenus scrophularice was the one of an oval form, and clothed
with stiff bristles standing out from it. It has received (perhaps
in California, where it first became known in this country,) the name
of the “ buffalo-bug,” from a fancied resemblance in its large and hairy
front, to that animal.

The other larval form — of a reddish-brown color, with appressed
hairs —long, slender, tapering to its tail, and ending in a pencil of
hairs,— is also a carpet-bug, and the earlier stage of the two black
beetles which were sent with it. It was for a long time known
to science as Attagenus megatoma (Fabr.), but a few years since was
found to have been earlier described by Olivier under the specific
name of piceus.

Attagenus piceus detected as a Carpet pest.

At the time of my detection of the Anthrenus carpet bug at Schenec-

tady, the larva of A. piceus was associated with it. It was at first
supposed that it was drawn to the borders of carpets to feed upon the
dead bodies of. flies and other insects that collected there, in accord-

NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 303

ance with the general habits of the Dermestidw. Subsequently I
have reared it upon pieces of carpets, and complaints have been
received from Boston and elsewhere of its carpet-eating propensities.
It may possibly prove to be almost.as destructive to carpets as the
A. scrophularice, for there can not be much doubt that its food is the
same, and that it multiplies with equal rapidity.

Its Abundance.

Already in some houses it has become the more numerous. In my
own residence the beetle has fallen under my observation, on window
panes, thrice as often as its prettily ornamented rival. As it will
assuredly ere long win a notoriety for itself, a common name will have
to be selected for it, now that we have two “carpet-bugs”, comparatively
“new,” both being beetles in their perfect form. Until a better name
shall be found, this may be known as “the black carpet-beetle.”

Description of the Beetle.

A brief description may be of value for its identification. It meas-
ures 0.15 to 0.18 inch in length. In outline it is elongate-oval, twice
as long as it is wide, and rather flattened. Its head is small and so
bent downward as hardly to be |
seen froin above in cabinet speci-
mens, but extended, and with its
antennz conspicuous, when walk-
ing; both it and the prothorax are
black. The wing-covers are more
or less reddish, finely punctured,
with a short gray pubescence in
fresh examples under a magnifier.
The legs’and the antennz are red- 3
dish; the latter terminating in a
large ovate club, the last joint of ste? if datgane oF female. eater saute
waich is grayish. Abdomen beneath, brown with short ochreous-yel-
low hairs. Legs brown. Outlines of the beetle and of its antennz are
given in Figure 3.

2

Food of the Larva of Attagenus Piceus,

This insect by no means confines itself in feeding to woolens, but
like others of the Dermestide, its larva feeds largely upon dried ani-
mal matter. In the notice of “Attagenus megatoma,” in the Second —
Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp. 46-48, its occur-
rence in hair-cloth furniture is mentioned, and the suspicion is

304 FortTy-SIXTH REPORT ON THE Stara Museum

expressed that it eats lace curtains and other cottons, and that its range
of food may embrace “hair, furs, cotton, linen, and wool.” Even
Anthrenus scrophularie, which in this country is hardly known except
as a woolen pest, is developing a fondness for insects in collections,
while in Europe it is recorded as eating furs, hides, leather, dried
plants, animal collections, “all kinds of collections of natural objects,
and victuals.’* |

Dr. Hagen in his interesting paper on “ Museum Pests, observed in
the Entomological Collection at Cambridge,” mentions the species as
‘“‘ exceedingly dangerous ” to the collection.**

Feather-felting by Attagenus piceus.

Professor Riley has recorded an instance of a remarkable felting of
the inside of a pillow case with the soft parts of the chicken feathers .
with which it had been filled, through the feeding operations of this
insect. The short, downy particles which had been stripped off were
found inserted by their basal ends, the barbs of which would be caught
by the repeated shakings and firmly anchored. “The felting was
remarkably dense, evenly coating the whole surface of the ticking, and
greatly resembling in softness, smoothness, and color the fur of a mole.”+
Another similar occurrence was related by Dr. Horn, and a specimen
“resembling fine plush” exhibited to the American Entomological
Society.

Remedies for the Carpet Beetles.

The best remedies for the two carpet beetles are, frequent searches
for their larve in their haunts and crushing them, and the application
of kerosene or benzine to the places where the eggs and young larve
occur.. The favorite locality for the A. scrophularie, as is probably
known to most housekeepers by this time, is beneath the borders of
carpets, and in the floor joinings underneath. These crevices should
first be thoroughly treated with kerosene, and then closed with putty, or
a packing saturated with kerosene. The crevices beneath the base
boards should also be closed; by these means the retreat and escape of
the larve will be almost entirely prevented, when the borders of the
carpet are lifted for a thorough search for the larve, as should by all
means be done, from time to time, in an infested house. The examina-

-

* Hagen: in Canadian Entomologist, x, 1878, pp. 161, 162.

** Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, xx, 1878, p. 61.
+ American Naturalist, xvi, 1882, p. 1018.

t Transactions of the American Entomological Society, x, 1883, p. xvii.

NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIS1 305

tion will be more convenient and productive of better results if the
carpet is left unnailed.

Possibility of Freeing Infested Houses from the Insect.

That freeing a house from the presence of this exceedingly annoying
and destructive pest, is not a hopeless task, will appear from the account
given by a correspondent of her successful campaign against it. The
prefatory reference to her first acquaintance with the insect is of suffi-
cient interest to quote, particularly as it gives an earlier time by several
years for its observation in this country than had been previously
recorded.*

How a House was Freed from A. scrophularie.
In November, 1883, Mary E. Clark, of New York city, wrote to me
as follows:

- It may not be uninteresting to you if I add my mite to the information
already gained in regard to these insects. I first heard of them about
twenty years ago at which time they were quite domesticated in parts
of Montgomery county, Penn. The people called them “ woolly-
heads,” and one who lived there described them to me as looking like a
little piece of black wool. A few years later—I think about 1868—
when visiting a friend on Long Island, I saw quite a number of them:
they had made their appearance only a short time previously, and before
their presence was known had made great havoc with the carpets.

My own experience with them began last year. We moved to our
present abode in April, and it was not until every carpet had been put
down and the house settled that I was aware that we had such unwel-
come guests. I was not long in observing their habit of running into
any crack or crevice that presented itself, and also running along the
joints of the floors, and our warfare against them was directed toward
these joints. In the closets we stopped up every nook on the walls;
every crevice under the base boards, and filled up the joints of the floor;
then we laid down oil-cloth, and kept a plentiful supply of camphor in
the closets. JI am happy to say that we have had no trouble with them
since so doing.

Fortunately, we hafl put paper under all the carpets, so we felt that
they were in a measure, at least, protected, but J found them continually,
just under the edges | of the carpet. As far as possible, we filled up the
erevices under the baseboards and I used benzine very plentifully all
the summer, saturating the borders of the carpets every two weeks

* Examples of it, labeled Anthrenus lepidus, in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte had been received
from Oregon *‘ in 1871 or 1872.°° Dr. Hagen had heard of its operations in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1§72.
The first notice of its injuries was seen by me in 1874, and in 1876, examples were taken in my
house at Schenectady, N. Y., and the new household pest brought to public notice. Its earlier
observation in Pennsylvania accords with the statement made to me some time ago by a gentle-
man living in that State (the time and place have escaped my memory), that he had reason to
believe that he was chargeable with its introduction into this country in a trunk which was found
to contain them on his return from Europe.

1893 39

a ie 2 Cunt 3
306. FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM. © oer ay sy vA

a

and killing all I saw in the meantime. Last spring we varnished the . ;
~eracks of the floors, and in some cases, where they were very open,
covered them with strips of thin muslin stuck down with the varnish;
we again put paper under the carpets, as we had found it such
protection the previous year.. I have found the various | insect
powders of no use whatever when the insect is in the larval state :
whether or not it has any effect on the beetle I can not say; but this I
can state,— that our unceasing warfare has not been in vain, for I have,
during the past summer, seen only single ones where last year I found
scores.

The Two-spotted Lady-bug, mistaken for the Anthrenus Beetle. —

“ The little lady-bug”’ mentioned in the inquiry from Poughkeepsie as
oceurring in great numbers in association with the carpet beetles, is the
two-spotted lady-bug, Adalia bipunctata(Linn.). It
has frequently been mistaken for the carpet-beetle,
and has come to an untimely end in consequence —
in some instances having been collected on dust-
pans and burned. It is unfortunate that such
mistakes should occur, since it is to this insect
more than to any other that we are often indebted
Fic. 4.—The two-spotted for deliverance from a plant-louse infestation of
j lady-bug Adalia bt fryit-trees, shrubs, and flowers. It has no resem-.

punctata (after Em- é i

On blance whatever to the carpet-beetle, than which it
is many times larger (see figures of the two in my 6th Report); the
only reason for confusing it with the carpet pest is that it enters
dwelling-houses in the autumn for passing the winter (the only one of
the lady-bugs having this habit), and is frequently to be met with col-
lected in corners underneath the carpets, or creeping or flying about —
when fires have been made in rooms ordinarily cold. It seems strange. —
that, in this enlightened age, any household could be found in
which ‘none of its members could recognize so typical a lady-
bird as the Adalia and know of its entire harmlessness. The lady-
birds are quite common insects: they are, attractive in their
bright shining colors i conspicuous maculation; their form is
peculiar —“ gotten up,” as a reportorial wit has recently expressed
it, “on the architectural lines of a split pea;” for centuries they
have been cherished objects of admiration in the countries of the
Old World, where peculiar associations or superstitions have been con-
nected with them. From some one of these has doubtless been bor-
rowed the motherly couplet that all of us have heard in our childhood
and have ourselves uttered when some one of these pretty creatures
had run up to finger-tip"and was about to unfold its wings for flight :

Lady-bird, lady-bird, fly away home,
Your house is on fire, your children will burn.

:

_ NintH Report oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 307

Tenebrio obscurus Fabr.
The American Meal-worm.

(Ord. CoLEorreRA: Fam. TENEBRIONID &.)

FABRICIUS: Ent. Syst., i, pars i, 1792, p. 111. 5.

WEstwoon: Classif. Insects, i, 1889, p. 318 (larva and habits).

CurRTIS: Farm Insects, 1860, p. 334.

WALSH: in Pract, Entomol., ii, 1866, p. 34 (brief notice).

PROVANCHER: Pet. Faun Ent. Canada— Coleop., 1877, p. 448 (description).

LE Baron: 4th Rept. Ins. Ill., 1874, p. 123, f. 57 (figure only). .

GISSLER: in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., i, 1878, p. 87 (of the larva).

RILEY: in Amer. Naturalist, xvii, 1883, p. 547 (number of rolts).

LINTNER: in Count. Gent., lvii, 1892, p. 501 (habits, remedies, etc.).

BEUTENMULLER: in Journ. Microscop. Soc., vii, 1891, p. 41 (bibliography of
early stages).

Although rather a common insect, very little seems to have been
written of it by our economic cntomologists, as appears from the quite
limited bibliography presented above.

Examples of it were recently received from Buckland, Virginia,
asking forinformation of their habits, as they had appeared in large
numbers in a granary where wheat was stored.

The Larva and the Beetle.

It is greatly to be regretted that so few of our Coleoptera have been
described, and of those few, many have been done in so general terms
and so indifferently that they do not serve the purpose of identifica-
tion. [Iam not aware of any description of Z: obscurus. It may be
said of it, as aid to its recognition when met with in the localities
where itis apt to occur, that it is about an inch long, cylindrical,
smooth, of an ochreous or pale-brown color, and with three pairs of
legs on its front or thoracic segments, and that it has much the appear-
ance of the common wire-worm. But this would apply equally well to
several other species of the family of TZenebrionidw.* The larva is
shown at @ in Figure 5.

Perhaps the best specific characters in the larval Zexebrio are to be
found in their pygidium — the designation of the upper part of the last »
abdominal segment. Mr. CU. F. Gissler, Joc. cit., has given some study
to the larve of the Tenebrionide, indicating pygidial differences
between them. Of 7. odscurus he finds: “ Pygidium comparatively

*See the excellent and greatly needed remarks made by one of our able Coleopterists, Mr.
E. A. Schwarz, on many of the published “descriptions of Coleopterous larve which are
wholly wanting in either popular or scientific value,’ in the Canadian Entomologist, xxiv,
1892, page 223.

808 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEvu Si AG ;

ne)

small, cordiform, with two minute sninaudde spines on each ae ra

little behind the middle, a median longitudinal groove, one lateral

punctured notch, and two terminal small, suddenly turned-up hooks.” |

A figure is also given of the “ pygidium of Tenebrio,” presumably of
T. obscurus, which would seem to imperfectly illustrate the text, unless
for “punctured notch” we read “ punctured spot.” . The two terminal
hooks, according to Westwood, distinguish the larva of this species
from that of 7’ molitor (see Westwood, loc. cit.). i
The beetle, described in general terms, which
should suffice for its recognition when taken in
connection with its figure herewith given, is over
a half inch inlength, narrow, of a dull, opaque,

feet and antenne chestnut-brown. The tho-
rax is subquadrate. The elytra, or wing-covers,

Fic. 5.—The meal worm, longitudinal lines, the intervals of which

TENEBRI
hava: b, pupa; o, image: are angulated. The legs are stout; the hinder

ae ear g feet are four-jointed — the ee are five-

terminal segment. (From -
ayaa ‘ jointed.

Its Habits.

The name of the “American meal-worm” has been given to this insect
to distinguish it from a closely resembling species, Tenebrio molitor,

black color above, with the underside, the

are closely punctured with sixteen depressed —

which has been introduced from Europe and has become much more ©

common with us than the native one. It is the more injurious of the

two, as it prefers for its food dry and sound flour, while Z. modlitor is
more frequently found in that which has become damp or otherwise —

damaged. 7. obscurus is said to feed sometimes on animal matter.
Both of the species infest granaries, mills, and farm houses, and are
justly regarded as very troublesome pests when they have gained a
lodgment, it being a difficult task to exterminate them.

Remedy.

The best remedy for this, as for most of the other stored grain
insects, as Siluanus Surinamensis (Linn.), S. cassie Reiche, S. advena
(Waltb.), Calandra granaria (Linn.), C. oryze (Linn.), C. remotepuncta
Gyll., TZribolium ferrugineum (Fabr.), Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.),

and others, is found in the use of bisulphide of carbon. The infested —

grain should be inclosed in a tight bin, and for each one hundred pounds,

one ounce of the bisulphide of carbon may be placed in any convenient
open vessel on top of the grain. It need not be inserted therein, as

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 309

_has been directed by some writers, for the heavy vapor (about two and
one-half times heavier than common air) will descend and permeate the
mass and destroy the insect life—the beetle, the larve, or the eggs
deposited on the grain. After a day or two the bin may be opened for
the offensive odor to escape, and no injury will have been done to the
grain, either for flouring, for feeding, or for seed.

It would be well in all cases where badly infested grain has been
treated in the above manner, especially when it is to be converted into
flour, to remove the dead insects by sifting or otherwise, as it is believed
that bad results have followed the use of flour into which the elytra
and dead bodies of the infesting insects had been ground up.

In consideration of the explosive nature of bisulphide of carbon, it is
proper always to accompany the recommendation of its use with the
caution that a light or fire should never be brought near it.

Pollenia rudis (Fabr.).
The Cluster Fly.
(Ord. Dierera: Fam. Muscrp.«.)
FABRICIUS: Ent. Syst., iv, 1794, p. 314. 9 (as Musca rudis).
Macguart: Hist. Nat. Ins.— Diptéres, ii, 1835; p. 269 (as Pollenia).
Ros. DEsvoipy: Hist. Dipt. Env. Paris, ii, 1863, p. 600.
LOEW: in Amer. Journ. Sci.—Arts, 2d ser., 1864, xxxvii, pp. 318, 321 (introduced
from Europe).
Harris: Entomolog. Corr., 1869, p. . 336 (as Musca familiaris).
OSTEN-SACKEN: Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., 1878, p. 160.
MANN: in Psyche, iii, 1882, p. 378 (habits).
DALL: in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1884, p. 635 (habits).
RILEY: in Amer. Naturalist, xvii, 1883, pp. 82, 83; in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v,
1884, pp. 637, 638 (habits, synonymy, etc.).

MARLATT: in Insect Life, iv, 1891, p. 153 (killed by fungus).
LINTNER: in Count..Gent., lvii, 1892, p. 358 (general notice).
RILEY-HOWARD: in Insect Life, v, 1893, p. 263 (in Illinois, habits, remedy, etc.).

Pollenia rudis (the Musca rudis of Fabricius) was known and name
given to it in Europe a century ago. When it was introduced into this
country is not known, but commercial intercourse may have browem it
at any time either in its larval or perfect ee
stages. Dr. Loew, in an article in Silliman’s
Journal of Science, in 1864, mentions it in a
list of species of flies known to be common to
Europe and America. Of these, a number are
believed to have first made their appearance
on the Pacific coast and gradually to have aes dattee Wanda ,
worked their way to the Atlantic States. Presuming the P. rudis to

: ‘ ra hee
310 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM

have been one of these, it would account for the absence of any early

notice of its peculiar habits in hibernation that would naturally have

attracted observation to it. |
What the Fly Is.

The fly has been sent to me on several occasions during late years,
with inquiry if it was the common house-fly, and telling of its abund-
ance or strange conduct that drew attention to it. | ;

While belonging to the same family with Musca domestica, viz., the

A Muscide, and to the ordinary observer
bearing a general resemblance to it in size
and appearance, a comparison of the two
would show marked differences between
them. P. rudis may be recognized by its
sluggish movements when on or about the

\ windows, as if partially stupefied; a some,
aes SS ae oe Seortaays what larger size than JM. domestica; its
black thorax (in fresh examples) covered with rather closely appressed
tawny-colored hairs, sometimes inclining to a green shade; its grayish
abdomen marked above with two black quadrate spots on each segment, “~
and a black edging to the segment; and its black legs. See fig. 7.

So little was known of the insects of our country fifty years ago
that it is not surprising that among the manuscript material left by Dr.
Harris, there should be found descriptions of the two above-named
species, under the names of Musca harpyia and Musca familiaris,—
the former since recognized as the common house-fly, and the latter the
cluster fly. |

When with progress in entomology it was found necessary to sub-
divide the old genera of Linnzeus, Fabricius, etc., the genus of Pollenia —
(suggested by the pollen of ficwers) was founded by R. Desvoidy in
1830 for those Muscids having, among other features, the thorax coy-
ered with a down-like clothing, classing them as “Wuscidw tomentose.”
P. rudis was named as the type of the genus, which included about
twenty European species. Of North American species, Osten Sacken
(1878) has named but one other Pollenia, P. vespillo, occurring in

Nova Scotia.
Its Common Name.

The popular name of the “cluster fly ” has been given to this insect
in consideration of its habit of leaving the flowers, fruits, branches or
trees, walls, etc., upon which it is often to be seen during the summer _
months, and entering dwelling-houses in the autumn, for hibernation, »
where it gathers at times in large clusters on the walls and ceilings,
and especially in the corners that they form.

é

= f :

Nintu REPORT OF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST 311

What Has Been Written of Its Habits.

Not having at hand the writings of Desvoidy, Meigen, and other
European entomologists who have written of this insect, I am not able
to state what has been narrated by them of its habits. Our own
literature relating to it is quite limited.

A note of two pages on “ Cluster Flies ” is contained in the Proceed-
ings of the U. 8. National Museum for 1883, vol. v, by W. H. Dall,
based on specimens of the insect received from the vicinity of Geneva,
N. Y., where it was reported as a great nuisance in the country houses.
They were said to have first appeared in that locality about thirty
years before. In the meantime they had increased until they had
become a serious annoyance to housekeepers, as they intruded into
places where flies do not ordinarily take up their abode, as “in beds, in
pillow-slips, under table covers, behind pictures, in wardrobes, nestled
in bonnets and hats, under the edge of carpets,” and in many other
unusual and unexpected places. A window-casing removed, disclosed
“a solid line of them from top to bottom.” Their preference seemed

- to be for a clean, dark chamber seldom used, where they were wont to
gather in large clusters about the ceilings. It is also stated of them
that they sometimes suspend themselves from the cornice of a room in
large clusters like swarming bees, which could be brushed bodily into a

_vessel of boiling water: this statement, however, we can not vouch
for, and it needs verification.

To Professor Dall’s notice, Professor Riley has contributed about all
of the scientific knowledge we have of the fly, including the several
names under which it has been known during the last hundred years, |
together with some additional notes of its habits. A note by Professor
Riley on “The Cluster Fly,” in the American Naturalist, Joc. e7/t., may
also be consulted. _

Mr. B. P. Mann has recorded in Psyche, for August, 1882, its
occurrence in Maine, where the flies are reported as having the habit of
burrowing into homespun yarn and the goods of loose texture made
therefrom, to feed, as was supposed, on the greasy matter that remained
in them. They were thought, also, to cut the threads.

Although the fly appears to have obtained a wide distribution in this
country, the above are the only notices that I find of attention having
been drawn to its habits of congregating in houses in large companies.
I am able to add two other instances of the kind, with the probability

of a third.
The Fly Observed in St. Lawrence County, N. Y.

In a visit made to Hammond, St. Lawrence Co., during the first
week of October, 1883, for observations on a remarkable occurrence of

Le

‘

32 Forvy-sixtH Report on rue Stave Museum

>,

the chinch-bug, large clusters of the fly were seen in the corners of the a
walls and ceiling of a second floor bedroom of the farm house that I *
occupied. They were in irregular black masses, each consisting Of):

several hundreds of individuals. A few were found to have hidden

away within the bedding. The weather at the time was chee i,

and frosts prevailed during the nights.

Sf

A Pest in a House at Palenville, N. Y.

Last spring, about the middle of April, a lady brought to me
examples of flies taken in her house at Palenville, Greene Co., N. Y.,

where they were abounding in most disagreeable numbers. They were

found in every room, and all her efforts to destroy or eject them had
been fruitless. They were recognized as the cluster fly, and pyrethrum
powder was recommended for killing them. The powder was used
after the manner directed, and proved entirely effective. Dustpanfuls,

as I was afterwards informed, of their dead bodies were swept up ane

burned.
Another Spring Appearance of the Fly.

A number of years ago — somewhere about 1875 — when residing in
Schenectady, N. Y., upon returning from church one morning, the

windows of a ead: -floor front room with a sunny exposure, were

found to be so thickly dotted with flies as to arrest the attention of

passers-by. They were ejected by brushing from the panes as speedily —

as possible, without examination; but recalling their features and
movements, it is hardly possible that they could have been any other
species than this Pollenia. At that time it was unknown to us by name.

Its Entrance in Dwellings and Departure.

It would appear, from this and the preceding account, to be the
habit of the fly, to emerge in company from their winter retreat on
some warm day in early spring, unlike their method of entering in
the autumn, when they steal in singly, one by one, even with closed
windows and doors, and during successive weeks or months.

Since first observing the fly, a few years ago, it has been a regular
visitant to my office on the fourth floor of the Capitol. It does not
collect in clusters, but each year in October and November, individuals
to the number, perhaps, of from thirty to fifty may be seen resting on,
or slowly walking over, the lower portion of the window frame or pane.

Several specimens in the State Collection bear the late date of Decem-—

ber 3d. Referring to my notes of the present year, I find: “ September
29th, a number of Pollenia rudis on the window of my oftice.” A few
individuals had been seen some days earlier.

ve

Oe ee OE A a e's ee eee eee . 1) — .<e » De |
Fe awe eAE ONY SREY, B Sh ee EN ae tes BIA! SORE Pps i,
: ae, CSE, eet ee ; % : :

Ninve# RerPorR?T oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 313

Other Species that Hibernate Within Doors.

There are a number of other Diptera that avail themselves of the shelter
and comfort of our dwellings for their protection and repose during the
months of autumn and winter. A German author, as quoted by Riley,
records the swarming of two other species of Pollenia, viz., P. atramen-
taria and P. vespillo, in the same building for several successive years.

Mr. B. P. Mann (doc. cit.) has written: ‘I remember that during one
or two years, at a certain season, which, as far as my recollection serves

me, was in April, I noticed numerous specimens of Microdon globosus,
a syrphid fly, issue from a nail-hole in a plastered wall of an apartment
in a dwelling house, as though the flies had passed the winter within
the walls of the house.” .

The many interesting features attending the in-door hibernation of
one of the Oscinide — Chlorops prolifica of Osten Sacken, have been
presented at considerable length in my Fourth and Seventh Reports.
This species, however, has not yet become a common nuisance, dis-

agreeable as it may be to the inmates of the house that it selects for
its annual winter abode, as we know of its occurrence in only three
localities in the United States.

Baron Osten Sacken has kindly contributed to the Fourth Report
above referred to (page 72) several notices of assemblages of one or more
species of Chlorops (they were not authoritively determined) within
occupied buildings in Europe, for hibernation: In one instance it was
' estimated that eighteen millions of one species had gathered, in Sep-
tember, on the ceiling of a botanical conservatory in Warsaw.

It is quite probable that numbers of the common house-fly (females)
pass the winter within the houses that they have been previously
occupying, hidden away within crevices about the windows, but it is not
recorded that they ever assemble in companies at such times, either for
warmth or from social instinct.

Early Stages of Pollenia rudis.

It is not known that the early stages of this insect have been observed
in this country, or minutely anywhere. R. Desvoidy has given the
general statement of the European Pollenias, that their eggs are laid
in decomposing animal and vegetable matter. According to Macquart,
their larve develop in the manure pile and cow droppings—“ sans le

ferrier et les bouzes.”
Description of the Fly.

The description of this fly, left in MS. by Dr. Harris under the name
of Musca familiaris, as previously referred to, is as follows:

~ Head somewhat prominent in front, of a dirty yellow or tawny color
with a silky lustre, and distinct black bristles; eyes in the male conni-

1893. , 40

ee
~~» * fh.
es eg Be ;

314 po ere Report ON THE gih M USEUM

.
> os

rye Js
‘j har ca) as

vent above, in the female distant, ey an ‘titorponem jee black -
spot, fur cate above and below, antenne blackish, with the articulations —
piceous or ferruginous. Thorax black, covered with a close, dirty yel- ect
low or fulvous, coarse pubescence, with remote, curved, black bristles.
Wings at the articulations and extreme base, ferruginous. — Winglets
and poisers white. Legs rusty black, with black hairs. Abdomen with
distant, curved, black bristles, in both sexes. cinereous, with a. silky
lustre, each segment with two quadrate black spots, and widely edged
with black, varying in situation and degree, according to the incidence
of the light.

This species, not uncommon in houses in summer, nearly disappears
when the more abundant JZ. harpyia [domestica| appears.

Remedies.

Whenever this fly intrudes in such number as to render its destruc-
tion desirable, this can readily be accomplished by the use of. pyrethrum.
If they are gathered in clusters, the insecticide may be conveniently
thrown upon them with a powder bellows. Should they be scattered
throughout the room, the powder may be distributed through the
atmosphere of the apartment, first closing the windows and doors, and
driving up the flies that they may be brought more directly under its
influence. |

That the pyrethrum is effective against these flies, notwithstanding a
statement that has been made to the contrary, is shown from the note
received from my Palenville correspondent, to whom its use in her,
emergency had been recommended: |

“Tsend my kindest thanks for the advice which has cleared my house
of its army of flies. I used the pyrethrum with bellows, and send you
a trophy of its success. We swept up dustpanfuls of them, and are
now entirely free from their annoying presence.”

Killed by a Fungus.

Mr. C. L. Marlatt, of the Entomological Division, U. 8. Dept. Agri-
culture, at Washington, in recording, in Jnsect Life (loc. cit.) an extra-
ordinary mortality among flies observed by him on the grounds of the
Agricultural Department, in the autumn of 1891, states, that among
the large number of dead flies that were thickly covering the under-
side of the leaves and were fastened by a fungus growth — often as
many as eight or ten flies on a single leaf — most of them were Pol-
lenia rudis. The fungus was not, as was at first supposed, the com-
mon fungus of the house-fly, viz., Aimpusa muscce, which is not
uncommon in houses on windows, etc., during the late summer and
early autumn, but was determined as a species recently described by
Dr. R. Lhaxter, as Hmpusa Americana, which, so far as known,
occurs only out-doors, on vegetation, etc.

NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 315

Murgantia histrionica (Hahn.).
The Harlequin Cabbage-bug.
(Ord. Hemrerera: Subord. Herrrorrera: Fam. Penraromip£.)

A correspondent from New Jersey sends examples of insects which
are for the first time injuring his cabbages that have been put out for
| seed (not noticed. on others).
They were recognized as the
insect above named, upon which
an article giving description, life-
history, habits, and other details
relating to it, together with the
accompanying illustration, is con-
tained in my First Report.

The steady progress northward
I g of this cabbage pest is of interest

Fie. 8.—The Harlequin cabbage-bug. Mur- :

GANTIA HISTRIONICA: wand b, the larvaand pupa, Not only to entomologists, but
4 the adult insect; g, the same, withexpanded 1N New York and elsewhere not

ings. (From Riley.
ee ey) far removed from the northern

boundary of its present operations.

From Texas, where it was first observed about twenty-five years ago
as severely injuring the cabbage crop, it has been slowly and steadily
extending eastward and northward, with an annual progression that
within a few years will, in all probability, carry it into and over New
York and the New England States, and other States lying in the same
parallels of latitude. It was operating in Southern California several
years ago. It had previously been reported from Delaware, in the
latitude of the southern line of Pennsylvania, but this is the first
instance, to my knowledge, of its recognition in New Jersey, and
therefore worthy of special note.

As Professor Smith has not included the species in his recent
“ Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey,” published in 1890, it cer-
tainly has not as yet become common or notably injurious to cabbage
culture in the State. Woodbury, whence the insects came, is in the
southwestern portion of the State, a few miles south of Philadelphia.

The date at which they were received leaves in doubt whether they
were hibernated individuals, or if they were matured forms of the first
spring brood (other broods follow through the summer). In the
warmerclimate of Texas, eggs are deposited as early as the last of
February. The development of the insect is remarkably rapid, for
under favorable conditions the period from the deposit of the eggs to
the appearance of the mature form may be less than three weeks.

4
Tet “a

316 Forry-sixra Report on THE Stare Museum

5 Fas *

Remedies.—So destructive to cabbage and so difficult to combat is |

this insect, that its advance northward into territory yet unoccupied
by it should be resisted by every means that can be efficiently
employed, and by hand-picking when every other remedy seems to
fail ‘The arsenites are powerless against it, as it belongs to the suc-

torial class which feed through a beak and not with biting jaws. —

Experiments that I have made with pyrethrum and hellebore have shown
but transitory effects, and fail to kill. Kerosene emulsion would prob-
ably prove equally valueless. In my First Report, before cited, the

following recommendations were made, as the best methods known for |

attacking it: 1. Sprinkling with hot water of as high a temperature as
the plants will bear. 2. Trapping with leaves plucked from the plants
and spread on the ground, beneath which the bugs will retire on cold
nights, and where they may be found in the morning and killed.
3. Burning the waste leaves, stalks, and weeds in the autumn, in which
many of the adult insects pass the winter. 4. Destroying the first
brood in the early spring by crushing the eggs. These may easily be
found on the leaves, as they are conspicuous from their beautiful orna-
‘mentation, being white, tinged with green apically, surrounded by two
sharply defined black bands of which the upper one is the broader, and
having the apex bordered upon its depressed lid with a black crescent.
The eggs are placed on end on the leaves fastened to one another, and
often arranged in two rows of six each. With this description of the
eggs, they can be easily recognized, and not mistaken for any others.
5. The hibernating bugs, when first resorting to the plants for ovipo-
sition, should be picked off by hand, or if too abundant for this, which
they seldom are at this time, as many that go into winter quarters fail
to survive its rigors and the enemies to which they are exposed, they
may be knocked off the plants with a stick into a pan of water and
kerosene.—( Country Gentleman of June 9, 1892.)

A new remedy.—Mr. H. E. Weed, Entomologist of the Mississippi
Agricultural Experiment Station, premising that “there is but one
efficient remedy for this insect, which is to destroy the brood which
lives over winter” before their oviposition, has proposed a method
which he has found successful in controlling ‘“‘by far the worst cabbage
pest of the South.” It certainly gives promise of being the most

simple and effective method yet discovered. Mr. Weed recommends —

that a row of mustard or radish plants be run on the sides or through
the middle of the cabbage patch or field, and as the Murgantia will be
drawn to these in preference to the cabbage,—when they have collected
thereon, they may be killed by the application of kerosene. It does

Daage ei 4 y hs. < “4 x - ar a ce | _ 4
gh a ; ¥. {"
NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 317

2 not appear from Mr. Weed’s report that the hibernating individuals
were killed by this method. He states:

Our present crop of cabbage was put into the field early in March,
and at the same time a row of radishes was planted through the middle
of the patch. The radishes were well grown by the time the second
brood of bugs [the first spring brood] had hatched, and nearly all the
insects found their way to the radishes, where they were killed by
spraying with kerosene. At this date, June 15, hardly a single bug is
to be found in this patch, while cabbage planted in other parts of the
grounds are badly infested. (Bulletin No. 21 of the Mississippi
Agricultural Experiment Station, June, 1892.)

Unless there should be no survivors of the radish feeders which
might transmit, through heredity, an especial fondness for that plant
to their successors, it would seem to be desirable that only mustard,
if equally attractive, should be used as a bait. We have no knowledge
that WM. histrionica has been reported as a radish pest, although long
known to feed on it and on other Crucifere, but another member of the
genus, probably J. munda Stal, has recently appeared in that role, in
California (Jnsect Life, iv, 1891, p. 83).

Psylla pyricola (Foerster).
The Pear- Tree Psylia.

(Ord. Hemiptera : Subord. Homoprrra: Fam. Psyituip®.)
FOERSTER : in Verhandl. d. naturh. ver. d, preuss. Rheinlande, v. 1848, p. 77.
‘HaRRis: Treat. Ins. New Engl., 1852, pp. 201-204; Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, pp.

231-234 (early observations, habits, description, etc.).
FitcH: in Trans. N. Y. St. Agricul. Soc., xvi, 1856, p. 353; 3d-5th Repts. Ins.
N. Y., 1859, p. 35 (brief mention).
UHLER: in Rept. Commis. Patents for 1860. 1861, p. 314 (discovered in U. S.).
PACKARD : Guide Study Ins., 1869, p. 53 (mention); Entomol. Begin., 1888, p.
82 (mention).
WALSH-RILEY : in Amer. Entomol., i, 1869, p. 225 (mention, in Eastern States).
LEBARON : 2d Rept. Ins. Ill., 1872, pp. 134-1386, figures (injuries in Illinois).
GLOVER ; in Rept. Commis. Agr. for 1876. 1877, pp. 33, 34, fig. 36 (description,
localities, etc.).
THOMAS: in 7th Rept. Ins. Ill., 1878, p. 73, fig. 12 (mention); in 8th Rept. do.,
1879, p. 13, fig. 2, pp. 16-17 (general account, remedies, etc.).
BARNARD: in Proc. Amer. Assoc. Ady. Sci., xxviii, 1880, pp. 478-486, plate
(as P. pyrisuga).

ASHMEAD : in Canad. Entomol., xiii, 1881, p. 220 (questions Kollar’s account of
habits).

RILEY : in Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., xxxii, 1884, p. 319 (mention); in Proc.
Biolog. Soc. Wash., 1884, p. 69 (referred to pyricola of Foerster); in
Insect Life, v, 1892, p. 103 (synonym).

Loew: in Neue Beitrage, zur Kenntniss der Psylliden—Verh. Wien Zool.—Bot..
Gesell., xxxvi, 1886, p. 154.

Comstock : Introduc. Entomol., 1888, p. 171 (brief reference).

SAUNDERS : Ins. Inj. Fruits, 1889, pp. 145, 146, figs. 151, 152.

318 Forvy-sixign Report on tHe State Museom

< MOE hanes 2
i

LINTNER: in Count. Gent., lvi, 1891, pp. 317, 374, 637; in Canad. Entomol., ee
xxiii, 1891, p. 230 (in Hudson river valley); in Seieucer xix, 1892, is

348; 8th Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1893, p. 219.

RILEY-HOWARD : in Insect Life, iv, 1891, pp. 127-9 description and habits from |

Loew), p. 225 (occurrence in New York); id., v, 1893, p. 200 (is undoubt-
edly P. pyricola of Foerster), pp. 226-230 (observations of Mr. apt
land, and dimorphism).

POWELL : in Orange County Farmer, May 21, 1891 (brief notice). .

| FISHER: in New Engl. Homestead, Dec. 5, 1891; in Bull. No. 17, Hatch Agr.

Exp. St., 1892, p. 24 (habits and remedy).

LODEMAN : in Garden and Forest, v, 1892, p. 285 (brief notice of habits, etc.).

SLINGERLAND : in Count. Gent., lvii, 1892, p. 629; in Canad. Entomol., xxiv,

1892, p. 207 Gnjuries, broods, remedy); in Insect Life, v, 1892, pp. —

100-103 (description, transformations, remedies, etc.); Bull. 14, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. St., Oct., 1892, pp. 159-186, 7 figs. (full account).
SMITH : in Canad. Entomol., xxiv, 1892, p. 207 (copper and London purple
spraying for it); Insect Life, vi, 1893, p. 192 (injuries and spread in
New Jersey). >

-

Until within a few years the pear tree has been remarkably free from —
insect attack —-the amount of injury from such source being probably —

less than five per cent of that.to which the apple tree has been subjected.
Recently two pests have forced themselves upon the notice of pear-
growers, which have already inflicted serious losses, and threaten, unless
arrested, greatly to interfere with the cultivation of this most excellent
and prized fruit. Of these, the pear midge, Diplosis pyrivora (noticed

in the preceding Report), which was introduced in this country about —
the year 1880, has not become broadly distributed, and has not occa-_

sioned much trouble except in western Connecticut and in portions of
the Hudson river valley. |

The pear-tree Psylla is also an introduced insect, which has been with

-~ us for a number of years —- how long, is not known,

| but long enough to have carried it into some of our

sie jf western States. It has, at times, multiplied exceed-

. ingly in particular localities and become very
N \ ] destructive, as notably in the summer of 1891, ir

pear midge. Fortunately, however, after te
its injuries for a o58 :
few years, its ex-
Fra. 9.—The pear-tree cessive multipli-
Coie PYRI- cation seems to
operate as a check to its further
increase, and to consign it for
another term of years to insignifi-

cance in numbers and comparative

Fia. 10.— Wings of the pear tree Psylla; c,
harmlessness. clavus; c. s., Claval suture; s, stigma.

the Hudson river valley, in dssociation with the —

_ Ninta Report or tHE S1ATE ENTOMOLOGIST 319
Through the priate of Mr. M. V. Slingerland, of the Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y.,
we are enabled to present
the excellent figures of the
insect: in its immature and
perfect stages which illus-
trate this notice. Figure
9 represents the insect in

_ Fic. 11 — Head of the pear-tree Psylla: a, front view; b, : : : "
antenna greatly enlarged; ce, ftontal cones; 9, ocelli. its perfect winged stage;

in Figure 10 the venation and markings of the wings are shown, greatly
enlarged; Figure 11 gives enlargements of the head and antenne, show-
ing the two characteristic bristles at the tip of the antenna.

The Family Psyllide,

The family to which this species belongs is nearly related to the
Aphides (Aphidide), or plant-lice, coming next to it among the
Homoptera in classification, but are stouter forms and of firmer texture.
In general appearance the winged insects look like miniature Cicadas.
Their head is broad, short, generally triangular in front, where it is
cleft or bilobed with the lobes projecting conically forward; the eyes
are large and project from the sides, with three simple eyes or ocelli in
a triangle on top of the head; the antenne are rather long, slender, and
thread-like, usually ten-jointed and terminate in two small bristles —a
distinguishing characteristic of the family; the beak is short, three-
jointed and arises from between the fore-legs, and is fitted with a groove
for securing it. The wings are sub-leathery or transparent, large, the
front pair with the midrib three-branched, and these again bifurcating
(see Figure 10); in repose they are placed over the abdomen in a steep
roof; the hind wings have a few longitudinal and delicate veins. The
abdomen of the female ends in a short conical ovipositor. The legs are
fitted for leaping, having the thighs (femora) thick and the hindmost
shanks (tibize) armed with spines; the feet (tarsi) are two-jointed. In
their ability to leap, as also in their feeding habits, they resemble the
smaller leaf-hoppers of the grapevine and rose.

The larvee have a broad head, flat body, rounded abdomen, with the
_ antennz at first one-jointed. Some species are covered with a cot-
tony secretion, or they may be naked, or covered with a honey-dew as
in the pear-tree Psylla. The pupe are distinguishable by their stouter
forms and the projecting wing-pads on their sides.

Earliest Notice of the Pear Psylla in the United States.

According to Dr, Harris, this insect was observed by Dr. Ovid Plumb,
of Salisbury, Conn., “in the spring of 1833, on some imported pear

a ae ee \

{¥
4
-

320 Forry-sixtH Report on tHe State Museum

r
+

: ; ee
trees which had been set the year before. These trees, in the autumn

after they were planted, wore an unhealthy aspect, and had patches of —

a blackish rust upon their branches. During the second summer, the
trees died; and other trees on which this same rusty matter was found,
proved to be infested with the same insects.” _

Whether the insect had appeared in the United States prior to this

is not definitely known, yet there is reason to believe that it may have
been operating in the State of New York as early as in 1824, if not in

the preceding century.
In an article on “ Pear-Tree Blight” by Dr. J. J. Thomas, in the
Cultivator for June, 1850, vii, p. 204, it is stated that Mr. E. J. Genet

had written expressing his belief that the disorder was caused by an

insect observed by him, and operating in the following manner: At a
little befure midsummer, in the absence of dew for several nights, liquid
drops could be seen falling from a pear tree, which was subsequently
found to proceed from minute aphides thickly covering the shoots or

branches, and which had at first escaped notice from the indentity of
their color with that of the pear bark. They continued for about ten

days, and then disappeared. ~The varnish which these insects exuded was
regarded as poisonous to the tree.

Mr. Genet states that the same disorder had appeared on the bases |

of the Hudson in 1780-1793, and in 1802-1807. As these attacks may
not have been seen by the writer, it is not improbable that they were
the true “pear blight.” ‘In 1824,” Mr. Genet writes (probably from
personal observation), “the same disorder prevailed, and lasted four

years. In 1846 we were once more suffering from the same cause, and ©

our pear trees are still prostrated by its fatal attacks. This disease has
been called by some ‘fire-blight.’ One writer says it is produced by
the Aphis lunata, a small insect covered by fine, white wool, but the

insect which came under my observation is very different in every char-—

acteristic — so small as to escape observation in the first stage, and so
similar to a fly at maturity as to mislead’an inattentive observer.”

As the insect, from characters given, could not have been the common
and well-known apple-tree aphis, there can hardly be a doubt of its
having been the pear-tree Psylla. Its introduction may easily have
occurred as early as 1824, as pear-trees had been imported by nursery-
men for thirty years prior to that date.*

Dr. Harris’ attention was first drawn to the Psylla in 1848 by Dr.
Plumb, through a communication published in the American Agricul-

* See article on ‘‘ Early Pear Importations”’ in the Country Gentleman for December 1, 1892
page 907, where importation of pear-trees as early as in 1794 is recorded, and of other fruit-trees

‘in the first decade of the present century, roi doubtless, ‘‘ would easily be the means of

mporting such{noxious insects as infested them.’

Ninry Report or tHE STATE LNTOMOLOGIST 321

V2

turist for J anuary, 1849, page 29. In this Dr. Plumb states that he
had lost several hundred young pear-trees between the years 1834 and
1838. It was not from the pear blight, which first shows itself in the
leaves. But in this attack the bark turns black, sometimes commenc-
ing in July, more often in August, and then again not until September.
It had not troubled him since 1838 until the present 1848), when he
believed that he had found the cause of the trouble in an insect which
he observed on the affected trees in September, although they might
have been there earlier. None were seen on the trees not affected. |
They looked to him like aphides, and jumped like fleas. Specimens
were taken from his trees about the middle of November, and sent to
Dr. Harris.

From Dr. Harris’ reply, published with the above, we learn that the
specimens received were in the winged state, both males and females.
From their injured condition and changed colors in drying, he was
unable to name the species, but thought it probable that they were the
Psylia pyri of Europe. Their habits and transformation not unlikely
would be found to be similar to those given by European writers;
these are quoted by Dr. Harris, including the remedies recommended
by Kollar, substantially as given in the “Insects of New England” and
later editions of the same. The letter of reply concludes with the
following description of the specimens received from Dr. Plumb:

Description by Dr. Harris of the Psylla.

The insects were of a brownish color, with transparent wings, marked
by a few dark veins. Each measured one-tenth of an inch or rather
more, from the forehead to the tips of the closed wings. The front of
the head is notched in the middle. The eyes are large and prominent,
and with the thorax resemble somewhat in form those of our common
cicada. The antenne are longer than the body, slender, or threadlike,
and are tipp:d at the end with two little bristles. The body of the
female is pointed at the end, and is more of a reddish hue than that of
the male.

In 1857, Dr. Harris saw the living insects on the trees at Salisbury.
Of these he has written: *“ On the 23d of July, I saw these insects on
the trees, some already provided with wings, and others advancing
toward maturity. The young ones [pup] were of a dull orange-yellow
color. They were short, and were obtuse behind, and had little wing-
scales on the sides of their bodies [omitting what is given above of
the winged forms]; the head and thorax were brownish-orange, and

the hind body greenish. Their four ample wings were * * * *
colorless * * * * * ‘The European, P. pyri, is said to vary in

* * Insects of New England, 1852, p. 203. Insects Injurious to Vegetation, 1862, p. 232.

1893. 4]

322 Forty-sixtH Report on THE STATE Museum —

color at different ages, and in different seasons of the year, being ey ie

‘dull crimson color, shaded with black in the spring, when it comes forth

to lay its eggs. Not having seen any of our pear-tree Psyllc in their —

spring dress, I can not say whether they agree with those of Europe in
being of the same crimson color at this season of the year.”

The Pyslla Referred to P. pyricola.

In the bibliography herewith given, all of our earlier writers have
accepted it as probably identical with the Psylla pyri of Europe, with
the sole exception of its description and illustration by Dr. Barnard
under the name of P. pyrisuga. Dr. Riley, I believe, was the first to

detect specific characters separating it from that species, and to refer

it to P. pyricola — one of the three closely allied species which attack
and injure the pear tree in Europe, of which, according to Dr. Loew,
<«P. pyrisuga Foerster is found throughout Central Europe in large
mumbers annually, and is a great pest; P.pyr7 Linn. is comparatively
rare, appearing in small colonies, but is widely distributed; P. pyricola
Foerster occurs in some localities in large numbers, particularly infesting
dwarf pears, and often occasions considerable damage.”*

In his reference to P. pyricola Dr. Riley.states: “ This is the Pear-
‘tree Psylla of our Northern and Western States, and its reference to

-Foerster’s species is made after comparisons with European specimens
xeceived from Meyer-Diir and Lichtenstein.”+

The identity of our species with any of the European has been |

questioned by some of our writers, but for the present, at least, we
must accept Dr. Riley as authority, he having recently, in reply to
inquiry made, written me even more explicitly than quoted above:
<‘The common pear-tree Psylla of New York and Massachusetts is
anquestionably P. pyricola Foerst., and agrees perfectly with European
specimens sent me by Dr. Loew.”

Its Recent Multiplication in the Hudson River Valley.

‘Like many other of our insect pests, the Pear-tree Psylla, from time to
‘time, and for a longer or shorter term of years, is favored with condi-

tions peculiarly fitted to its increase, which are again followed by cor-

responding periods of almost entire exemption from its presence.
Thus, according to Dr. Plumb, it was not noticeably present in his
orchards for the ten years following the year 1838, previous to which
it had annually been very destructive.

* From an abstract by Riley-Howard in Insect Life, iv, 1891, p. 127, from Dr. Loew, loc. cit.
. + Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, li, 1884, p. 69.

ss Niwra Report or Truk Stare ENTOMOLOGIST 323

Up to the year 1891, the insect was known to me only by name. In
the spring of that year I first made its acquaintance, after the manner
related below in the Country Gentleman, of April 16th.

Eps. Country GentLteman.—A gentleman has sent to me from

, Athens, N. Y., a package of pear twigs taken from his orchard, which

are quite blackened with what he calls “honey-dew.” Many other
orchards in Greene county are affected in the same manner. Mention
was made of this peculiar appearance at the Farmers’ Institute recently
held at Coxsackie | March 20th]. As it was thought that it might pos-
sibly have some connection with the fungus disease known as “ apple-

~ scab,” which occurs upon the fruit and leaves and also on the twigs

of the apple and the pear, infested twigs have been, by request, sent to
Albany for examination.

The blackening is apparently of the same kind as that which we
find upon hop leaves, elm leaves and other foliage which have been
infested with plant-lice, the excretion from which, known as “honey-
dew,” has collected upon the upper surface of the leaves —at first of a
limpid appearance, but in drying and with age becoming blackened.
Subsequently a fungus growth usually occurs on the surface of the
honey-dew and increases the blackness. The fungus is present in the
examples received, as detected by State Botanist Peck, but as it is of

_ a harmless kind, being superficial only and not penetrating the bark,

neither it nor the dried honey-dew on which it rests can be of any par-
ticular injury to the trees.

It is desirable, however, that the cause of the honey-dew should be
removed. The insect that excretes so large a quantity can not be other-
wise than injurious. I know of no aphis (plant-louse) that infe-ts the
pear in sufficient numbers to produce such a deposit. It is probable
that examination during the month of May will show the presence, in
association with fresh honey-dew of an allied insect, known as the pear-
tree Psylla (Psyllu pyri), which is known in some localities to infest
the twigs of the pear in large numbers, and, by sucking the sap, to
occasion a large flow of the honey-dew. It has not been observed in
this vicinity, but watch will be kept for it and, if discovered in its
nefarious work, recommendation will be made of the best way to meet
ie

*In a communication made to the CouNTRY GENTLEMAN of May 7th, 1891, and copied in my

_ Eighth Report on the Insects of New York, some larvz on apple twigs, received from Wayne

county, in the western part of New York, were identified by me as Psylla pyri. They were
thought to be identical with larve that had been sent to mea few days earlier, on apple blos-
som buds, from Ghent, Columbi: county, N. Y.

The above identification should not hav; been made, or doubt should have been expressed ,
for, from having had only the larve before me, it is by no means certain that they may not
have belonged to some other species, as Psylla malior Ps. pyrisuga. It is sufficiently difficult
to disinguish these Pyrus-infesting Psyllids in their final winged stage.

has ' 2 P
‘ ay aie in
324 Forry-SixTH REPORT ON THE STATE MousEUM ele ae

, : Pare
j ¥ bik ‘ f-

Early in June, in a visit made to the orchards of Mr. Cole, at Cats-
kill, Greene Co., N. Y., to observe the attack of the pear midge, which
had just been brought to notice (see Bighth Report Insects of New
York), it was learned that the pear Psylla had been extremely abun- —
dant with him for the preceding four years, and had seriously affected
the bearing of his trees. That they had been very numerous was eyi-
dent from the appearance of some of the larger trees, the terminal —
branches of which looked as if they had been coated with a black —
paint. A few of the insects were observed at this time on the wing,
but, later in the year, according to Mr. Cole, clouds of them would
rise up in the air if a limb was shaken. The branches would be so
covered with honey-dew as to smear the hands and sleeves of the men
gathering the fruit.

About the middle of June the insect was seen prosecuting its
destructive work at Ghent, Columbia county, N. Y.: in the extensive
orchards of Mr. G. T. Powell, larve, pup, honey-dew, and the winged
insects abounded. Of the latter a dozen or more could be seen at one
time feeding from the foot-stalks of a leaf or young pear, extracting —
its sap, and, of course, producing blight. If a small tree was shaken,
thousands would take wing, circle about the branches for a short time,
and then.agiin settle upon the leaves. A correspondent of the Rural
New Yorker, who visited the orchards of Mr. Powell in August, has
given the following sad account of their appearance :

From the beautiful apple orchards we strolled to the pear orchards,
and here was a sight to make one cry. He has about three thousand
pear trees, half of them in full bearing, but a-pest has struck them this
season, which has made the orchards a picture of desolation. Last
year the.pear-tree Psylla appeared, but were not numerous enough to
do any appreciable damage. ‘This season they reappeared in force, and
have converted his beautiful orchards into a most distressing scene.
Mr, Powell’s most vigorous efforts, seconded by the wisdom of the
State Entomologist, were powerless to check the ravages of this pest,
though they hope another season to be more successful. Possibly the
pests may not reappear another season, as they come and go mysteri-
ously. But they have done their work most effectually this season, and
instead of twelve hundred barrels of fine pears which he had counted
on, he will barely have one hundred. (Rural New Yorker, August 29th,
1891, page 624.)

Similar conditions presumably prevailed in a large number, if not in
most, of the pear orchards of Greene and Columbia counties, judging
from other reports that came to me.

A severe attack was also reported, in June, by, Professor C. H. Peck,
on some young pear trees in his garden, at Menands, in Albany county.
It continued through the summer into the autumn, causing consider- ~
able damage to the foliage of the infested trees. .

ss NintuH Report or rHE SvAavE ENTOMOLOGIST 325,

Roki ii Distribution.

As already stated, the pear-tree Psylla is known to have occurred at
Salisbury, Conn., in 1833, and it was probably operating in an eastern
county in New York in 1824. At the time that Dr. Harris wrote of
it—in 1852—it was known to him “in the western part of Con-
necticut and Massachusetts, particularly in the valley of the Housatonic,
and in the adjoining counties of Dutchess and Columbia in New
York.” , 4

Little is known of the extent of its eastern distribution in the New
England States. Mr. T. 8. Gold found it “several years ago” in West
Cornwall, Conn., ten miles south-east of Salisbury. Coe Brothers first
noticed it in their pear orchards at Meriden, New Haven county, Conn.,
ten or fifteen years ago, where it has been quite destructive in certain
years. Mr. Fisher has had the opportunity of studying its habits at
Fitchburg, in northern Massachusetts, nearly one hundred miles from
Salisbury. That it is rather a local imsect would appear from the
statement that it is not known to the Messrs. Coe in any other portion
of the State, and furthermore, that it has not appeared in a young pear
orchard (set out in 1881), which is only a half-mile distant from their
badly infested orchards. |

Along the Hudson river valley it has been injurious in Rensselaer,

- Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, and Albany counties. .Its presence has
not been reported in the extreme south-eastern counties of New York, nor
is it known to Dr. J. B. Smith to occur in the State of New Jersey.* In
Central New York, Mr. M. V. Slingerland has been able to make valuable

_ studies upon it at Ithaca, Tompkins county. In Western New York it
must occur sparingly, if at all, for Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, who has been
giving careful study to the Hemiptera for several years past, reports
“no observed injury from it,” nor is he able to identify the species, as
described in Dr. Loew’s paper, among the seventeen species of Psyllids
contained in his collection. Professor A. J. Cook does not know
of its presence in Michigan. Professor F. M. Webster has found it
abundant in Ohio; and Dr. LeBaron has written of its presence and
injuries in [linois.

Its Injuries.

The injuries resulting from+formidable attacks of this insect are the
consequence of the large amount of sap which the myriads of indi-
viduals draw from the twigs, buds, leaves, leaf-stalks, and fruit-stalks
of an infested tree, and eject in the form of “honey-dew,” thickly

coating the surface and thereby preventing the normal vital action of

' the leaves and bark.

* It has since been observed in New Jersey by Dr. Smith,

i
py on a

wt

326 ° FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEum

Some of these injuries have already been referred to, as in the
orchards of Mr. Powell, in Ghent, N. Y. The extensive pear orchards
of Coe Brothers, at Meriden, Conn., have for several years suffered _
severely from it. In a letter from Mr. A. J. Coe, dated September 7th,
1891, he wrote that on his return from Europe, a few weeks previous
to his writing, he found that his pear orchard had been devastated A
the Psylla, and bore very little ue

A severe attack prevailed in a Hear orchard of Mr. H.S. Welt
of Ithaca, N. Y., during the season of 1891. Mr. Slingerland, who
saw the orchard in November of that year, has reported of it as fol- |
lows: ‘‘ The whole orchard appeared as though a fire had swept quickly
through it, scorching the trees and blackening the trunks, large
branches and the smallest twigs. Both young and old trees of dwarf
and standard varieties had been attacked. Most of the trees had made
little or no new growth during the season, and many buds were then
dead.” | ;

Dr. LeBaron has described severe injuries from it in the State of
Illinois, in the year 1871, when young pear trees had been so badly
attacked by it that “the leakage of sap from the axils of the leaves
[? the honey-dew given out by the insects] had in some instances run
down the branches and trunk to the ground.” |

The frequent death of pear trees in former years, from unknown
causes, after a season of languishing, is now believed to have been
owing to the unsuspected presence of this insect, which from its minute
size may have easily been overlooked. Mr. Powell unhesitatingly —
charges the recent death of many of his trees to Psyila attack. Certain on
it is, that a continuance for several years in succession of such injuries |
as have been cited, must necessarily prove fatal to the trees. If not
carried to this extent,— in years of abundance of the Psylla, the crop
would be a failure. The leaves, covered with a thick coating of the
honey-dew and the sap withdrawn from their foot-stalks, would cease
in midsummer to perform their functions and would fall to the ground:
without them, the fruit could not mature. ;

—_ SO n we -<—s

Life-history.

There was not the opportunity during the season of 1891 to make
a study of the life-history of this insect, or to learn much more of it
than what has been given in the preceding pages. The following year,
its abundance at Ithaca gave to Mr. Slingerland the opportunity
of watching its development and habits; and in a Bulletin (No. 44)
issued by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, — i
under date of October, 1892, he has given to the public its entire life-
history carefully worked out, together with its early history, descrip- ~

a ie ne? a> 5 ‘
oy hd ES Wee

NintH ReEporRT or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 327

tion and illustrations of the several stages, methods of preventing its.
ravages, together with its bibliography and synonymy.

Whether or not, eggs of the pear-tree Psylla, are, in some cases at
least, deposited in the autumn for hibernation, seems still an unsettled
question.

Mr. Slingerland found a hibernating brood of the winged insect,
in both sexes, in the month of December, hidden in crevices under
loosened bark of the trunks and larger branches of trees. The
females contained no mature eggs. During some warm days occurring
about the 7th of April, hibernated adults were seen in copulation and
a few eggs were laid. By April 18th, most of the eggs had been
deposited — in crevices of the bark, in old leaf scars, and about the
bases of terminal buds of the preceding
year — usually singly, but sometimes in
rows of eight to ten. Under a continu-
ance of cold weather, the eggs did not
hatch unti] more than a month thereafter,

been removed and_ subjected to the
warm temperature of the Insectary, gave
out their larve in eleven days. The
larvee at once resorted to feeding grounds
which were usually found in the axils of
Fic. 12——Pupa of the peartree the leaf petioles or stems of the young
3 sale crept fruit, into which they thrust their short:
beaks and extract the sap. ‘‘The whole life-cycle of the generatiom
studied, from the laying of the exg to the appearance of the adult insect,
was about one month” [in the Insectary ].
During this time, five stages — “nymph
stages ”"— of the immature insect were
observed, followed by the fifth molt we
giving the winged adult. fIfit be pre 3
ferred to retain a “ pupal stage” for the
insect, the last two of the above noted
may be so regarded, in which there are
eight antennal joints, while the preced-
ing show but three, four, and six or seven
respectively, according to Mr. Slinger- :
land’s observations.] Figures 12 and 13 A
represent the full-grown . nymph OR: Fic. 13.— Pupa of the pear tree Psylla,
pupa — the natural size indicated by the ventral view.
accompanying hair-lines.

or May .10th to 18th, but eggs that had

oP hee

Np ee oer AN cated rae Cathe 9 pip ae calabria
epee Pe Aye fen) Ae
: a ae" ae 4} 1 Aelaiet 9 f aor

‘i ; Sis en Bee hs sch ats a

. . - be ] ; pene ry ‘ >
; i a
328 Forry-; SIXTH “Revore ON THE Srare Meo USEUM Dt has

| ras

copulation during the autumn.

The mature insects made their appearance about June 15th, and com-
menced to feed soon after emerging. ‘‘ They appear to secrete no :
honey-dew.” Within a week copulation ensued, and oviposition soon’ Be
began. There were at least four broods during the year, at intervals |
of about a month. The adults of the summer broods were the most ; 4
numerous July 20th, August 20th, and September 25th — the last” a”
constituting the hibernating form.

This last-named form varied so much from the preceding summer
broods, being one-third larger and of much darker colors, that they u
were believed, at first, to be a different species. On careful comparison — is
with descriptions of Psylla simulans Foerster, of Europe, it was found —
to present. so close a resemblance as to leave scarcely a doubt that P.
simulans had been described from the winter form of P. pyricola, and
that the species is dimorphic, appearing in two distinct forms during .
the year, as some others of the Psyllide are known to do. 4 |

The P. simulans form continues to feed until the leaves fall, when it “7
retires to its hiding places for the winter. None were observed i

a

2
4
A, Pa.

4

For descriptions of the insect in the several stages, the paper of Mr. a
Slingerland may be consulted.
Liggs of the Psylia.— Among the few notes made by me during the
prevalence of the insect in 1891, the following occurs: ae
Prof. C. H. Peck, brought from his garden at Menands, N. Y.,on ~
June 15th, leaves of a pear tree having numerous eggs of the Psylla — 4
on both the upper and lower sides, but rather more abundant on the — on
lower side. Many are placed along the midrib from the base to the
tip, and some on other parts of the leaf, usually beside a vein and thrust
in almost out of sight between the twisted hairs clothing the surface: _
The hair-hke thread projecting from the narrow end of the egg, is,in
: most, a little longer than the egg, but in some, twice __
thelength. The egg is not attached by it to the leaf
3 ~— but by a transparent teat-like process given off from

Fic. 14.— gg of the pear near the broader end, as shown in the accompanying
siete figure. Three eggs were seen standing close —
together on a Jeaf with the thread pointing upward, as if it were the
remains of the secretion in which the eggs were enveloped at their

oviposition. 2
Nearly all of the eggs are near their hatching as the inclosed larve ~
are seen within, separated from the shell. On one leaf there were about
thirty eggs. Young larve, apparently disclosed within a day or two,
were also elk Cast pupa-cases were attached to various portions
of the leaves. Professor Peck noticed the adults mating when the a
leaves were gathered. |

”

* NintoH REPORT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 329

Remedies.

Recent writers upon this insect have been recommending as perhaps
the best method for its destruction, that of killing the eggs in which

_ the insect was believed to hibernate during the winter, by spraying

them with kerosene emulsion. This was based, not on actual experi-

_ ment, but on the known insecticidal property of kerosene and its pene-

trative powers. Late experiments, however, carefully made, have
given the unlooked-for result that there are insect eggs which can not
be killed by kerosene emulsion of the extreme strength with which it
may safely be used on vegetation, or even by undiluted kerosene,

Such are the eggs of the Psylla, as has been shown by Mr. Slin-

gerland in his Bulletin on the Pear-tree Psylla previously quoted. It
was found by him that eggs dipped in a kerosene emulsion of full
strength, and into kerosene undiluted, hatched a few days thereafter.
The same result attended their immersion in spirits of turpentine, carbolic
acid emulsion, whale-oil soap solution, strong potash solution, and undi-
luted benzine.

The vulnerable stage in this insect is when it has hatched from the
egg and the larve are distributed over the young leaves and on the
leaf-stalks. This, in ordinary seasons, in the State of New York, would
be about the middle of May. If the infested trees are at this time
sprayed with kerosene emulsion, even sc weak as five per cent of
kerosene, it will be fatal to all the insects with which it comes in con-
tact. With careful spraying very few should fail of being reached,
unless they are protected by a covering of honey-dew.

When the insect has passed to its winged stage, it has attained com-
parative immunity in the alertness with which it takes wing and leaves

the tree upon the first motion communicated to the foliage by the

impact of the spraying liquid. But even so late as the month of Sep-
tember, the war against the insect should not be abandoned, for multi-
tudes may be destroyed, and the hibernating individuals for the
following year greatly reduced. The kerosene emulsion will still be
effective, but in its application, all of the ordinary spraying-nozzles
should be discarded, even the finest gauge of the Nixon nozzle, and a
Vermorel used, adjusted to the delivery of the finest possible mist-like
spray. With proper care the emulsion may be distributed over the

- entire foliage without scarce stirring a leaf and with the least possible

alarm tothe winged tenants. Of those that take wing —after circling
about the tree for a while — on their return ‘to the leaves, their bodies
will in most cases come in contact with the liquid, and take up sufficient

of it to cause their death.

1893 42

330 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM me

Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer).
The Green-striped Locust.
| (Ord. Ortuoprera: Fam. Acripip £.)
Additional to Bibliography given in Second Report, Insects of New Voss os
Tragocephala viridifasciata. RILEY: in 1st Rept. U. S. Ent. Commis., 1878,
p. 206 (quotes from 8th Rept. Ins. Mo.); in Cassino’s Stand. Nat. Hist.,
1884, p. 208, fig. 285 (range).
Chimarocephala viridifasciata. SCUDDER: Entomolog. Notes, vi, 1878, p. 30
- (collections in Florida).
Chimarocephala viridifasciata. LINTNER: 2d Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1885, pp. te
) 187-198, fig. 54; in Count. Gent., lvii, 1892, p. 286 (at Canaan Four
Corners).
Chortophaga viridifasciata. FERNALD: Orthop. New FEngl., 1888, p. 40,
fig. 15 (the two forms).
Chortophaga viridifasciata. Comstock: Introduc. Entomol., 1888, p. 98
(stridulation), p. 104 (varieties).
Tragocephala viridifasciata. WEED: in 15th Rept. Ins. Ill, 1889, p. 42
(early appearance in Illinois).
Chortophaga viridifasciata. MCNEIL: in Psyche, vi, 1891, p. 62 (habits, etc.).
Chortophaga viridifasciata. BLATCHLEY : in Canad. Ent., ave 1891, p. 76
(habits).

Young individuals of this locust Caacee called grasshoppers) —
were received from Canaan Four Corners, Columbia county, N. Y., -
where they had excited surprise and alarm by their having been seen
in large numbers, on March 30th, hopping about on the snow and else-
where in pastures and meadows having a warm southerly exposure.

=

Identification of the Species.

A notice of this occurrence was published in the Country Gentleman
of April 14th, 1892, in which they were recognized as the young of “the
green-striped locust,” which had been described by Dr. Harris in his
“Insects of New England” as Locusta (Tragocephala) viridifasciata.
In my Second Report (Joc. cit.) an account is given of this insect under
the generic name of Chimarocephala—a name proposed by Mr.
Scudder, in 1876 (meaning in the Greek, goat-headed) to replace the
preoccupied one of Zragocephala. It has since been referred to the
genus Chortophaga by Saussure, and this designation appears to have
been accepted by our later scientific writers. It hardly seems worth the
while, however, to attempt to follow the frequent generic alterations
to which many of our insects are subjected.

Its Frequent Winter Appearance. |

This particular species of locust seems, in its young stage, to respond
more quickly to the influence of warmth in emerging from its winter
retreat than any other of the species which, like it, hibernate in their
larval stage, as Arphia sulphurea (Fabr.), Hippiscus tuberculatus Pal.
de Beauy, species of Zettix, et cet. Its proneness to premature appear-

any + => vr ee x 6 Oe ERS AAS Oe ee te ht ae 4) be 0 ee Ol ae er ey ate ee
nae it Se Uh ; ue P ‘ ty td TM he Se ee vr : { fof
Cia vs 4 Serie a? \ ‘ ‘
, ies ovr -i Y - ; . c ;

A % ]
oo i a ee Weta ' :
ef: hee ! wa yy
: ‘ K?

NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 331

ance has been remarked upon by several writers. Dr. Riley having
received examples of it in Missouri, which were observed hoppmg
about during mild weather in midwinter, has written of it: “It becomes
active whenever the weather is mild. It is sometimes found in winter
in the early larva stages, but more often in the pupa state.”* Dr.
Thomas has stated: ‘“ The larve and the pupe and even the perfect
Insects are occasionally observed during the warm days in winter.”
Mr. Weed (oc. cit.) saw them in Peoria county, Illinois, in the month of
March, 1886, “hopping around on the grass, although the ground in

-Imany parts of the field was covered with snow.” Mr. Blatchley

records them as “frequenting dry open woods and roadsides, where the
half-grown young can be seen jumping vigorously about in any warm
sunny day in winter.” In my Second Report (loc. cit.) record is made
of their occurrence in several localities in the State of New York
during the winter of 1882,in the month of February, in immense
numbers — millions as stated by some observers — jumping about on
the surface of the snow with all the life and activity of midsummer.
That a temperature of about fifty degrees above zero, Fahr., will
usually bring out the insect from its winter quarters, may be inferred
from the following data: Of the thermometrical conditions attendant
on the February (1882) occurrences in the State of New York, I have
written: “ From 4&n average temperature for the several preceding weeks
of +27° Fahr., it suddenly changed to a mean temperature (of one

week) of 40°, reaching at the highest, 56°.” Almost the same condi-

tions seem to have attended the appearance at Canaan Four Corners
above reported: Thus, the average temperature of the week preceding
March 25th, as given in the “ Report of the New York Meteorological
Bureau” for the month of March, for Albany, the nearest reporting
station to Canaan Four Corners, was +284°; thatfor the week following
(25th to 31st), 40°; the highest temperature observed, 57°, on the 26th.

The Two Forms of the Insect.

A description of C. viridifasciata has been given in the Second
Report on the Insects of New York. Figure 15 represents the full-grown
insect, and its larva in a
form and size as usually
seen during the winter.
The dimorphic forms un-
der which it appears are
quite marked. They have Fic. 15.—The green-striped locust, CHORTOPHAGA VIRIDIFAS-
been thought by some Peck 2 tame

* Eighth Report on the Insects of Missouri, 1376, paze 149.
t Eighth Report on the Insects of Illinois, 1880, page 106.

a pe

332 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuszuM ba a peheen

to be sexual features and by others as seasonal varieties. “ In one, i
the typical form, the head, thorax, and femora are green, and there
is a broad green stripe on each wing-cover, extending from the horn to
beyond the middle: this often includes two dusky spots on the edge.
_ The second variety differs so much that it was described by Harris as a
distinct species under the specific name, infuscata. In this form the .
ground color is dusky brown. Intergrades occur in which the head and
thorax are of a reddish velvety brown. Length of male to end of
abdomen, 20 mm. (.8 inch); to tip of wings, 25 mm. (1 inch). Length
of female to tip of wings, about 30 mm. (1.4 inch).” (Comstock.)

xs

Transformation, etc.

This species has been shown from reliable data to. be double-brooded,
unlike our common red-legged locust (Melanoplus Semur-rubrum), the
Rocky Mountain locust (Melanoplus spretus*), the lesser locust, Melan-
oplus atlanis, and most of the other Aerididw, of which there is but
one brood annually. It is to this fact in its life-history that its not
infrequent appearance in winter or early spring may be ascribed. |

The insects received from Columbia county are immature, being in
their early stages of larye and pup —the latter distinguishable by.
their somewhat larger size (over half an inch) and possession of wing- _
pads or wing sheaths containing the future wings. They are from the
egeg-pods that were deposited in holes made in the ground by the ovi-
positor of the females last autumn. The larve hatching from the eggs
two or three weeks thereafter, fed for awhile, until they had attammedthe -
size that they now present, when the coming of cold weather drove ~
them to shelter for the winter in rubbish, beneath leaves, and in stone
walls. Here they remained in an inactive, lethargic state, until unusu-
ally warm weather toward the last of March awakened them from their
sleep and enticed them abroad.

The insect becomes fully matured, and takes its place among the

earliest harbingers of spring, ordinarily toward the latter part of May.
It has been seen by Mr. McNeil for the first, on the 22d of April, and
he has pleasantly written of it: “This species is the first of its order
to reach maturity in the early spring, and the noise of the male [it has
remarkable stridulating powers] is the beginning of the grasshopper
chorus which continues for six months to come.”

Its Early Appearance Should not Excite Alarm.

Occurrences of this kind— the premature appearance of an insect
associated in most minds with the warmth and heat and abundant vege-

* Caloptenus spretus of the earlier New York Reports.

333

y tation of summer —never fail of exciting apprehension of its unusual
_ abundance later in the year with serious injury to the grass crop. Such
_ fear, however, need not be entertained. Large numbers of these

locusts, in their tender and helpless condition, become the prey of
black birds that come in flocks in the month of April, and feed
eagerly upon them, aided in their work by others of our early appear-

_ ing feathered friends. Furthermore, it is more than probable that this —

premature coming forth really serves to lessen prospective injuries from
the brood, for the cold rains and frosts of early spring can not fail of

killing a large proportion of those that are thus prematurely abroad,

before they could find fitting shelter, even if they are endowed with

_ the instinct in this phase of their life to seek it.

The So-called Grasshoppers are Locusts.

I have referred to these insects as locusts, for by this name the
so-called “ grasshoppers ” should be known. The true grasshoppers are
pale green, unicolored creatures, with long legs, and long thread-like
attenne projected from their heads, of the katy-did type. There is a
lamentable confusion in the common names of these Orthoptera, as

_ when we speak of the “17-year locust” which is not a locust, but

a Cicada, and belongs to quite a different order of the Insects from the
Orthoptera, viz., the Hemiptera. It is always hard to correct long

- standing popular errors, and it would be foolish to attempt it in cases

like the above, were it not that there are always those — albeit a small
minority — who would prefer to call things by their right names.

Distribution of the Insect.

This species has an unusually extended range over the United States.

| According to Seudder, it occurs “from the White Mountains to Key
~ West, Florida, Texas, and westward into northern New Mexico, and

southern Colorado; also in Guatemala. It is found in lowa, Minnesota,
and Nebraska (Thomas). It probably occurs in all the States east of
the Rocky Mountains, although Mr. Lawrence Bruner, of the Nebraska
Agricultural Experiment Station, has not included it among the forty-
eight species of locusts observed by him in his Locust Examinations in
the valley of the Yellowstone river in eastern Montana and northwest
Dakota in 1885.* In reply to an inquiry made of Mr. Bruner of its

western distribution, he has kindly written:

“T have taken the Chortophaga viridifasciata as far west as the
Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico; and I believe that it
occurs alsoin Utah. I know that it is found in the Black Hills, 8. Dakota,

*Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture for the Year 1885, p. 307.

Hh yo

also ins ‘the iP,
i Ps ay ( “

Se Annwal Report ay the Department of Penns for ee
; hy “i ; \ ¥ : y ¥ B

NOTES ON VARIOUS INSECTS.

Eriocampa cerasi (Peck).
The Cherry-tree or Pear-tree Slug.

As this common insect has not been noticed in this series of reports,

a few words in relation to it may be convenient for reference, They
were written in response to the following inquiry from Orange, N. J.:

For a few seasons past some of our pear trees have been badly dam-

aged by numerous slugs which adhere to the upper sides of the leaves
and devour all the spongy portion. These pests, a sort of flesh-colored
_ Snail, appear in great numbers soon after the leaves have attained their
_ full size. Last season some of our trees were defoliated three times by
these little pests. Consequently the trees made only a partial growth,
and those that produced fruit were damaged to such an extent that the
fruit did not attain half the usual size. Is there a remedy ?

J

The pear-tree slug, the ravages of which are told in the above com-

munication, is a well-known fruit-tree pest, occurring on the pear, cherry,

plum, and quince, and also at times on the mountainash. It was described
under the name of Sclandria cerasi over a hundred years ago by Pro-
fessor Peck, of Massachusetts, in a little pamphlet, for which a gold

_ medal and fifty dollars were awarded by the Massachusetts State Agri-
eultural Society.

The parent fly is a four-winged hymenopterous insect, of a glossy

black color, with transparent wings, with the

exception of a dusky cloud crossing the front

pair. It is one of the “saw-flies,” and bears

eae ae cherry- —_ the scientific name of Eriocampa cerasi (Peck),
larged. ~~ and is represented in Figure 16.

The female appears in the early part of June, and deposits her eggs

singly in incisions made in the leaf, either on the upper or the lower

side. The eggs develop into mon

‘slugs in about two weeks time. = : ply

‘Their slimy and disgusting ap-
pearance is too familiar to fruit-
growers to need description. In

‘the month of August, a second Fic. 17.—The pear-tree slug, in natural size and
z a ‘ : nlarged.
brood of the slugs make their | ee

336 FORTY-SIXTH Report on THE STATE M USEUM 3% Wace

/

appearance, which feed for about a month, and are equal more
destructive than the first brood. The slug is shown in natural size

f

upon the leaf, and in enlargement beside it, in Figure 17.

The insect is regarded as only two-brooded in Canada and in the :

Northern United States. Possibly there may be occasionally three :

broods in New Jersey, but it is not improbable that the supposed third
brood may have been belated individuals of the second, as some of these

do not develop the winged insect until September and even in October,
while others pass the winter in the pupal state.

Remedies.— This insect is not a difficult one to destroy. Powdered
hellebore has long been a favorite and satisfactory remedy for this and

powder, or, if more convenient, it may be mixed in water in the pro-

portion of one ounce to two gallons of water, and applied with a force-

pump. Spraying with Paris green and water would doubtless be equally
effective, as the slugs feed upon the parenchyma from the upper side
of the leaves. Powdered lime is also excellent for killing the slugs,
when thrown by hand or otherwise over the leaves. A few years since,
a young pear orchard in Western New York was severely attacked by
a species of slug, allied to the / cerasi, but apparently an uncommon
insect, as appeared from examples sent me which I was unable to name.
Request was made for additional specimens from which to breed the
perfect insect, but answer was returned that the orchard had in the
meantime been gone over with air-slaked lime, and no more of the slugs
could be obtained.

Road dust has also been employed as a remedy, as abn any fine

powder will kili the slugs by adhering to their viscid surface and clos-

ing the breathing-pores, unless they should be near one of their molt-.

ing stages at the time, when the skin would be cast off and the dust
inoperative.— (Country Gentleman, for May 19th, 1892.)

Papilio Cresphontes (Cramer).
The Yellow-banded Swallow-tail.

A number of the larve of this beautiful butterfly were received from
Mr. Wm. Falconer, of Glen Cove, Long Island, on October 18th
of this year, with the following notice of their occurrence: “I send you
a few larve that I found ona bush of Choisya ternata—a. Mexican
shrub that I set out, in summer, and take in, in winter. I first noticed

\

all other of the slimy slugs. It may be distributed over the foliage in

_ them two or three weeks ago. There were a great many of them on —

| Ninty ReporT or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 337

the bush then, but since a week or ten days many of them have disap-
peared: a few, but not nearly all of the missing ones, are on the ground,
dead. They did not occur on any other shrub, although there were a
hundred species of shrubby plants near by.”

= Fic. 18 — The caterpillar of PapiLto CRESPHONTES, in natural size.

Mr. Falconer further stated, that a gentleman whose attention had
been called to the larve, identified them with some that had occurred
in his garden at Creedmore, L. I., a few years ago on a Fraxinella

_ (Dictamnus fraxinella) bush, but on nothing else. Both the Choisya.

and the Dictamnus belong to the family of Rutacee.

Other known food-plants of the larva are prickly-ash (Xanthoxylum),
hop-tree (Ptelea), orange, lemon, and others of Citrws—all pertaining
to Rutacee. The Jarvais represented in its mature size, and in contrac-
tion of its anterior segments, in Figure 18.

Papilio Cresphontes is a southern species, ranging from the northern
part of South America, northward. It has gradually extended its range
until now it occurs as far north as the vicinity of Montreal in Canada.
The first record of its appearance in the State of New York was in
1864. Within late years, from being an occasional visitor, it seems to
have established itself in Westchester county, and at Poughkeepsie.
In other localities in the State it is occasionally abundant, as in Roch-

ester, where, according to Mr. Bunker, it “swarmed,” one season, sey-

eral years ago. Professor L. M. Underwood has written me that on

September 12th, 1882, he saw several examples flying over the low

-

swales near the Rhinebeck and Connecticut railroad in Columbia county.
It has not been observed in the neighborhood of Albany. A single
example was taken at New Baltimore, seventeen miles south of Albany,
in the month of September. .

1893 43

é o ‘ . at y, : i ak Hate mes
338 | ForTy-SEIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM

;

\ Podosesia syringee (Harris).
The Syringa Borer. x
This beautiful moth is generally so rare that it remains a desideratum
‘in the collections of some of our earnest collectors. That it may, at
times, multiply to an inconvenient extent is shown from a letter received
from Mr. John L. Lockwood, of New York city, who, sending examples
of the larve-in their burrows for identification, asks for some method
by which he may arrest the attack, as all of his lilacs are being
-destroyed.
Possibly the insect is becoming more numerous, since, no longer con-
fining itself to Syringas, it is multiplying in ash trees. Dr. Kellicott
has “watched twenty or more [of the moths] emerging from an
[ash] tree in a single day; and often a hundred or more were in a single
tree.” This was in Buffalo (Entomologica Americana, i, p. 177A! Rev.
Mr. Hulst records it (Bull. Brooklyn Enutomolog. Society, v, 1882, p.
17) as so abundant in the English ash, in Brooklyn and the vicinity,
‘that the tree is being rapidly exterminated. He had seen trees which
were “completely riddled with the holes made by the larve and had
died from the effects.” Professor H. Osborn has also observed the
larve boring in young shoots of ash trees, in Ames, Iowa. It appears
sto be.a local insect, as are also several of the Sesiade.

Carpocapsa pomonella (Linn.).
The Codling Moth.

A correspondent from Malcom, Seneca county, N. Y., Mr. Malcom
Little, writing November 4th, has sent a section of an apple containing

a larva within its burrows, with the statement that it has done great

damage to apples this autumn, in that, while not penetrating deeply, it
greatly disfigures the fruit.

The calyx end of the apple received, had been eaten out into irregular
open channels filled with rounded black excremental pellets, extending
in one direction to more than a half-inch from the center of the calyx,
but not penetrating deeper than its base. The calyx has the moderate
depression of three-tenths of an inch below the apex.

The larva is at this time, November 6th, apparently full grown and
quite sluggish in its movements, as if about to prepare for pupation.
In its pink color and structural characters, I find no difference in it from
the ordinary apple-worm of the codling-moth. |

.
;
.

NintH Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 339

Dr. Harris has stated, that upon the hatching of the eggs “ the little

_ apple-worms or caterpillars produced from them immediately burrow

into oi apples, making their way eradually from the eye towards the
core.” In this he has [until recently as will be hereafter noticed] been
followed, without qualification, by all our other writers, so far as I
recall them, and all our illustrations show such a mode of procedure.

The feeding, to maturity, of the caterpillar in the apex of the apple,
had never come under my observation before, and it seems to be quite
new to Mr. Little, although he has long been engaged in growing
fruit. Possibly it may not be uncommon, and may even frequently
occur, when in the second brood of moths the eggs are deposited after
the fruit has attained such a size and position on the tree that the
“downward” direction that at first leads to the core would no longer
guide the larva thither, but rather confine it to the apex. And at this |
time, the seeds, for which it shows a particular fondness, may be so far
removed from it as to have lost their power of attraction. Later, it was
learned from Miss Little, upon inquiry, that the section of apple sent
was from a Rhode Island Greening, but that “the same trouble was
common in all kinds of apples this fall.” It was further stated that in
several instances, the burrows were at the stem end, and occasionally
one would be found where the skin on the side was affected in the same
manner for a space not larger than a five-cent piece, and to a very slight
depth. A few apples had been seen in which both the calyx and stem
ends had been burrowed, with the core and parts surrounding, intact.

It would, therefore, appear that the second brood of larve not
infrequently operate upon the fruit near its surface without penetrating
to its interior. It would be of interest to learn to what extent this
occurs.

Mr. P. C. Lewis, of Catskill, N. Y., has kindly permitted me to copy
a portion of a letter addressed to him, from a correspondent in Tas-
mania, who, having the agency for the sale of his force pumps for
spraying purposes, has given studious attention to the life-history and

habits of. the codling-moth. The habits of the insect, in the anti-

podes, as given, are so different in several respects from those observed
elsewhere, that the letter will be read with interest:

I do not see why the codling-moth should operate here so differently
from what it does in your country, but it does, most decidedly. Per-
haps it would be best to simply state my experience or the mode of
operation here, and then you can note the differences.

The moths emerge from the chrysalids from middle of November
[corresponding with our May] to March, and deposit their eggs promis-
cuously — in the eye —on the side — on the stalk — where two apples

340 For y-sixtH REPORT on THE SvatE Museum

touch (a favorite place) ,—i in short, there is no rule, bik perhaps, if the —
‘weather is wet, a larger percentage are in the eye. They strike [lay
the egg| from the time that the apple is of the size of marbles until |
they are full-grown: this must be self-evident, from the long period.
during which they strike — from November to March.

In about a month the larve mature, leave the apple, seek shelter,
‘spin a cocoon, and lie in the larva state until about October or Novem-
ber [ April and May in New York], when they change into the chrysalis,
and emerge as moths, as before stated.

There are some who hold that there is more than one generation, but
that is contrary to my experience. If it is so, it is the exception and
not the rule. I am constantly removing bandages from January to
June, and have never found, in a single instance, a chrysalis or the
empty case, but larvee by the hundreds. I have also experimented with
larvee under cover, taken from the apple as early as possible, and they
have not emerged until December.

I am strongly of the opinion that spraying should be commenced
early — when the calyx of the apple is up, because I find that after the
fruit has been struck in the eye, spraying is not effectual. The pear is.
chiefly struck in the eye. The apples most liable to attack are the
Ribstone, Alexander, Dutch Mignon, Imperial Green, Russets, and Vic-
torias. In some places, the apricot, peach, plum, cherry- plum, and even
some cherries, are affected.—W. N. Cressy, Feb. 13, 18914

Referring to the habit as above given, of the promiscuous egg-laying”
of the moth in Tasmania, upon any part of the fruit, and even on the
stem, it is safe to say, that it is opposed to all observations made in
this country. |

Mr. L. O. Howard, in his extended account of the Codling- -Moth,
contained in pages 88-115 of the Report of the Commissioner of Agri-
culture for 1887, has aimed to give a complete account by bringing”
into one readily-accessible article a review of the life-history of the
insect, and to this end, all of its literature, so far as known, was con-
sulted and gleaned. According to this: “In the little crumpled-up
spot caused by the falling off of the calyx the eggs are hidden, sometimes
two or three to a single apple or pear. The eggs are laid sometimes.
upon the smooth cheek of the apple and sometimes in the hollow at
the stem, but these are both unusual.” From this statement we may
conclude that an egg of the codling-moth deposited elsewhere than in the
is of the apple is, in this country, exceptional and of rare occurrence

, at the least, has not been frequently observed.* Probably the same
oe would apply to the oviposition in Europe.

In a paper read before the Conference of the Fruit and Windgpee
ers of New South Wales, Australia, in June, 1890, by J. H. Dickenson,
of South Bridgewater, Tasmania, based apparently on his personal
observations, we read as follows: “The moth lays her eggs in the eye

* This will require qualification in view of observations since made, in Maine, by Mr. Munson,,.
‘ on the second brood of the insect, and given on the following page.

Pu ae p re i
aS Ne: mY '
j
NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 341

of the apple in the first part of the season, but later-hatched ones lay
their eggs on the side of the apple as well as in the eye.”

Accepting, therefore, as a fact, that in Tasmania eggs are frequently
placed on the body of the apple, may not the explanation be found in
the insular limitation of Tasmania, comparatively a small area of
orchards, and such an abundance of the insect under conditions highly
favorable to its multiplication, as to render it almost impossible for the
moth to find an apple the blossom end of which has not already
received an egg or two, and therefore compelled by instinct to resort
to the side? Professor Riley has found that, in an instance where
several moths were confined under a jar with a single apple, that in a
few days it was fairly riddled with yonng larve.* The eggs had no
doubt been placed at random, anywhere on the apple. In Tasmania,
the codling-moth had been a notorious pest for many years —at least
thirty — before its introduction into the Australian colonies.

The latitude of Central Tasmania is about equal, in degrees from
the equator, to that of Central New York.

A recent publication by W. H. Munson, Horticulturist of the Maine
State College Agricultural Experiment Station,t shows that the apple
worm enters the fruit much more frequently from other points than at
the calyx than had been hitherto supposed. He states: “‘ The objection
has been raised by some of our fruit-growers that a large proportion
of the affected fruit is entered from side or base, and consequently that
spraying before the fruit turns down has no special merit.”

The following result is extracted, in condensed form, from a table
given by Mr. Munson, from the examination of six trees of Rhode
Island greenings, four of which, had been sprayed twice with one
pound of Paris green in 250 (in two trees) and 310 gallons of water.

The four sprayed trees gave 346 wormy apples, of which 133 (=-38.5
per cent) had been entered from the calyx, and 213 (==61.5 per cent)
from the side or base.

The two unsprayed trees gave 449 wormy apples, of which 252
(= 56.1 per cent) had been entered from the calyx, and 197 (= 43.9
per cent) from the side or base.

Of the entire number of wormy apples on the six trees, more tlian
-one-half (51.5 per cent) had been entered from the side or base.

This large proportion may probably be accounted for by the state-
ment made by Mr. Munson, that “a large proportion of the fruit

* Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1887, page 91.
+ Annual Report of the Maine State College Agricultural Experiment Station for 1891-1892,
ze 105. ,

-
,
yas *
o ‘

1k at

‘ 4 ‘ .
342 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuszeumM —

3

infested had been attacked by the second brood, and the larve were

still present” when the examination was made.
Possibly the second brood may have been unusually abundant. The

trees had only received the June sprayings. ss

«

Dynastes Tityus (Zinn.)
As a Fruit-Eater.

In the notices of this insect — the Rhinoceras beetle, or the Spotted
Horn-bug, as it is popularly called — in the 5th and 7th Reports of this
series, the ash was given as the food of the beetle — either the tender
leaves of young shoots, the alburnum or sap-wood of the limbs from
which the bark has been planed, or the sap which it has caused to flow. -
It has never been recorded as injuring fruits. )

An example of the beetle — a male — was received October 4th of
the present year (an unusually late period for it) from Mr. F. H.-
Emmord, of Magnolia, Md., with the memorandum, “ came off a ripe
pear.” As its occurrence on the pear might have been simply accidental,
it was inclosed in a box with a ripe seckel to see if it would feed upon

it. The day following it was found with its head and thorax buried in

the pear. In the meantime, Mr. Emmond had been written to, asking
him if the insect had eaten into the pear from which it had been taken,
and if any instances of its feeding on fruit had been observed by him.
The answer returned, was the following:

““T found the spotted horn-bug in a soft, ripe, seckel pear which he
had eaten into quite to the core. I had laid the pear in a crotch of the >
tree the day before. I put him ina paper box with a piece of the same
pear which he ate. Where the juice of the pear had softened. the
paper box he ate through it.”

As the beetle also in like manner ate through the saturated bottom
of the box in which he was confined in my office, it is probable that —
the sweet juice of the fruit is the chief attraction, and that fruit ordi-
narily would not be attacked by it unless its surface had been broken,
permitting of the escape of its juices.

Crioceris asparagi (Linn.).
The Asparagus Beetle.

In the notice of this insect in the First Report on the Insects of
New York, 1882 (pp. 239-246), it was stated, that in the State of New
York “ we only hear of its serious injuries from Long Island and the

vicinity of New York city.” It might have been added, that it was

not known to occur elsewhere in the State.

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 343

Two years thereafter the insect appeared in Central New York. In
June of that year (1884), Mr. E. S. Goff, at that time the capes
rist of the Agricultural Station at Geneva,
sent to me examples of larve, and the eggs

on the leaves and slender branches of the
plants, with the statement that it was the

- first.time that he had met with the insect,
but that he had learned that it was quite
prevalent in and about Geneva. In a com-
munication to the Geneva Courier of June
4, 1844, Mr. A. P. Rose wrote, after calling
attention to the new insect pest: “I think :

that this must be the first year of its appear- , F1¢. 20. Asparagus beetle (a.

common six-spotted form), en-
ance in this part of the State. My attention lsrged about six diameters, with

further enlargement of antenna
was called to the subject by the late report n4 front tarsus.
of Professor Lintner, the State Eutomologist, and on examining my
- own asparagus bed, I found a number of the beetles and great quanti-
ties of the eggs. As yet, no damage seems to have been done by them,
but when the present crop of eggs hatches we may expect to hear
many accounts of their ravages.” .
_ During the year (1892), the insect has made its appearance much
farther westward in the State — at and about Rochester. At the meet-
ing of the Association of Economic Entomologists in August, in that
city, examples of the beetle taken within the city were brought in for
identification. Later in the month, I learned through Mr. George S.
Conover, an eminent horticulturist of Geneva, that Mr. John Charlton,
florist and nurseryman of Rochester, had informed him that the insect.
was very destructive to his asparagus beds. Mr. Charlton had used
every means that he knew of, and had sprayed with different insecti-
cides, including Paris green, but had not succeeded in relieving
himself from the pest, which was still abundant with him.

Systena frontalis (Fabr.)
Injuring Gooseberry Foliage.

This little Chrysomelid beetle was quite injurious to the foliage of
gooseberry bushes at the Geneva Agricultural Experiment Station,
during the later part of July and early August. It had not been noticed
_ there before. Upon the identification of the insect, received August.

6th, request was made for additional examples for the State collection,
but answer was returned, August 12th, that no more could be found,
_ the bushes having meantime been sprayed with Paris green.

'

344 PORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEuM

S. frontalis, although common, has not as yet attained as bad a rep-
utation as has some of its congeners, as for example S, blanda Mels.,*
which has gone on record as injurious to cotton, to potatoes, and par-
ticulary so to corn (see First Report on the Insects of New York, pp.
155, 156), and to beets (Insect Life, ili, p. 149). S. taniata (Say)
has been injurious to beans in New Miakiod (Insect Life, iii, p. 122) —
and feeds on many of the Cucurbitacec, and has been taken in associa-
tion with a number of grass insects (/d., iv, 198). S. elongata (Fabr.)
is at times destructive to cantaloupes in Maryland.

Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer). :
Lhe Pennsylvania Soldier- Beetle.

Mr. ©. R. Moore, of Bird’s Nest, Va., has sent this beetle — one of
the Lampyridw — as appearing with the rose-bug in the latter part of
May, and eating roses and blossoms of grapes.
He was informed that the insect was not recog-
nized as an injurious one, although it was
known to feed on the pollen of various blos-
soms. Writing again, he stated that he had
observed the operations of the beetle on his
Fig. 21.—The Pennsylvania grapes for the past three years, and wherever

soldier- beetle, CHAULIOGNATHUS ;
PENNSYLVANIOUS: a, the larva; he had seen them operating, the blossoms were

b, its head enlarged; i, the
beetle. all destroyed.

Should this form of injury by the beetle be established, it might be
of more economic importance than the service rendered by it in its
earlier stage of larva, when it is occasionally, at least, beneficial, in fer-
reting out and destroying the apple-worm of the codling-moth and the
larva of the plum curculio and, as later discovered (Jnsect Life, i, p.

216), feeding upon the pup of the destructive cotton-worm.

Pissodes strobi Peck.
The White-pine Weevil.

An attack on the Norway spruce, of what was in all probable this
insect, was reported, in August, 1892, by W. C. Pierce, of Richford, N.Y.
Necanis to his statement, one hun-
dred and fifty Norway spruces, which
had been planted in the cemetery at
that place, commenced, last year, to die
at the top. On examination, small
borers were found working between
the bark and the wood from above

Fic. 22.—The white p'ne weevil, Pis) downward, and into the wood, begin-
Wetlareed lr reh DUDA, AR EES ning in the top shoot, and destroying
the life of the tree as far as they progressed.

*Recantly referred, together with ligata Lec., mitis Lec., ochracea Lec., and others, to ;
S. teniata (Say). See Dr. Horn’s Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America, in Transac- —
tions of the American Entomological Society, xvi, 1889, page 273. /

Ninra Report or tHe State ENTOMOLOGIST 345

It is the well-known habit of this curculionid beetle to deposit its
egesin the bark of the topmost shoot of young pines, and also in spruces,
the larve from which burrow into the wood and thence to the pith,
causing the tip to die, and thereby arresting the normal growth of the
tree, and producing deformity, in the crookedness produced by the
sending out of lateral branches.

Dr. Fitch has treated of this insect in his usual able manner in his
Fourth Report, giving the natural history of the insect, and the serious
injuries that it causes to the white pine —one of our most valuable
timber trees. Dr. Packard has devoted a half-dozen pages to this
insect-in the recently issued (1890) Fifth Report of the U. 8. Ento-
mological Commission —on Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade
Trees, in which he includes Dr. Fitch’s account, with figures of the
insect in its several stages, and its work in the deformities caused by

it in white pines. In addition to the pine, Pissodes strobi also attacks

spruces and hemlocks, nor does it confine its operations to the terminal
shoot, but according to Dr. Packard, may ‘“‘lay its eggs in the bark
and mine the sap-wood of large pines and other couiferous trees.”

Perhaps the best remedy for this attack is to cut off and burn the
infested shoots before the beetles have emerged — during the months
of July and August.

Myzus cerasi (Fabr.).
The Cherry-tree Aphis.

Notice of a severe attack of this insect was received from Mrs. E. C.
Brinkerhoff, of Nunda, Livingston Co., N. Y., under date of June 4th,
1892:

We have a large cherry tree of over one foot in diameter. Some six
years ago a very few of the cherries ripened that were very fine ox-
hearts, but soon the remainder of the fruit was destroyed by a
small, black insect similar to the small, black ant, but with wings.
The insects almost entirely covered the cherries and the leaves and all
were destroyed, but the tree leafed out again and has done so every

_ year since. This year the pest came earlier and not a cherry was half-

grown before they were destroyed. Ihavesprayed the tree twice each
year for the past three years with Paris green, but it has done no good.
I have two young sour cherry trees about forty feet from it that are
not affected by the insect, nor plums, nor currants, nor do I know of
any other neighbors who are troubled with it. Can you tell me what
I can do to destroy them ?

The lady was advised that Paris green was entirely ineffective against
this or other aphides, but that remedies were found in kerosene emul-
sion, tobacco water, or strong soap suds, as given in the 2th Report

1893. | 44

346 Forry-sixrH Report on THE Srate Muszom.

on the Insects of New York, 1889, pp. 256,257. It was important that

these applications should be made as early in the season as the first

aphides were seen upon the leaves, and before they are partly sheltered
from the spraying liquid within the curls or folds of the leaves result-
ing from their attack. |

The preference shown by this aphis for the ox-heart cherry i is inter-

- esting. Dr. Fitch has stated that it never invades any of our native

or wild cherry trees. It was for a long time believed that it was limited
to the cultivated garden cherry, but within late years it has also been
observed feeding on the plum by Dr. Thomas, in Illinois, in 1878 ; and
in the Country Gentleman for May 26th, 1892, I have identified the
species in specimens taken from the wild-goose plum in Central Ken-
tucky. It has also been found in Europe on the black currant. -

The life-history of this common and destructive species was fully
worked out by Professor C. M. Weed, while connected with the Ohio
Agricultural Experiment Station, and was published in the Bulletin of
the Station, Technical Series, i, No. 2, May, 1890. By the kindness of

the Director of the Station, the plate illustrating the several stages of the ,
insect which accompanied Professor Weed’s article, is herewith given. —

Pemphigus tessellata (Fitch).
The Alder-blight Aphis.
This alder aphis has been unusually abundant the present year (1892)

in various localities in the State of New York. Mr. John D. Lyons, of |

Monticello, N. Y., has written me that during the month of August it
occurred in such numbers on the swamp alders that “it was hanging in
strings from the branches.”

A larger number of their white patches and of larger size than usual,
were observed at Keene Valley, N. Y., during July and August. On
removing a colony of the aphids frem a branch of alder, on July 23d,
thirteen of the eggs of Leniseca Tarquinius were found scattered singly,
or in twos and threes on the bark beneath. For the manner in which
these eggs are placed among the aphides,—for the interesting habits of
the caterpillar while living among and subsisting on the aphides, and
for a detailed account of the insect, the second volume of “ Scudder’s
Butterflies of the Eastern United States,” pp. 1016-1026, may be
consulted.

Professor Comstock, in writing of P. tesseliata, has stated:* “ There
is a curious fungus which grows in large spongy masses immediately

A

* Introduction to Entomology, part 1, 1888, p. 166.

es

Fig. 3.

PLATE 1. The Cherry-tree aphis, Myzus cerasi: Fig. 1, apterus viviparous, female; 1 a, head and
antenna of same; 2, winged migrant; 3, return migrant; 4, winged male; 4 a, head and antenna of
same; 5, oviparous female.

-- Ninrua Reporr or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 347

_ beneath the cluster of plant-lice; this is knows to botanists as Scorias
spongiosum. It is evidently fed by the honey-dew that falls upon it.”
An example of this fungus has been shown me_by Miss Florence
Himes, of Albany, who had taken it from an alder in Washington park.
The fungus was at the tip of a small twig that was given off from about
_ four inches below the aphis-bearing stem, and curved upward so near
it that it might easily have received quite an amount of the honey-dew

- dropping from the plant-lice. The specimen was identified by Prof.
Cha:les A. Peck, State Botanist, as the above-named species of fungus.
Two or three other examples of the same had been seen by Miss Himes..

Phylloxera vitifolize (Fitch).
The Grapevine Phylloxera.

Leaves of grapevine having their under surface almost entirely
covered with the galls of this insect, similar to the representation in
_ Figure 28, were received Au- E:
gust 6th, from Director Col-
her, of the New York State
Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion. They were from the
vineyards of Mr. Edwin Slo-
combe, of Camillus, N. Y.,
who reported the foliage of
his Delaware grapes as being SeFas
literally covered with the
galls, as shown in the examples
sent. The insects emerged a
few days after the reception
of the leaves. |
Dr. Collier states that the

d i i Fig. 28.— Grapevine leaf with galls of PHYLLOXERA
insect has been quite plentiful VITIFOLLE.

on the Clinton grape, in the vineyards at the Station, and had also
appeared on a few other varieties.

Crangonyx mucronatus Forbes.
A Blind Shrimp in Wells.

_ Several examples of this crustacean were received from Oswego,
N. Y., where they were taken from the water of a driven well of
moderate depth, located in a gravelly soil, on a rising knoll. The
creatures are slender forms, white, about a half-inch in length, with

Bis
’
3 Se

348 ForTyY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuszeumM

rather long legs, and other thread-like terminal organs. “They are
not occurring abundantly at the present time, but usually in the autumn
small ones of the same general appearance are quite numerous.”

The gentleman sending them desired to know what they were, and
their source, as he feared that they might render the water unfit for
domestic use.

It proves to be an interesting species of fresh-water shrimp which
occurs only in such unusual localities as wells and subterranean streams.
Like the blind craw-fish of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, to which
it is closely allied, it is entirely destitute of eyes. It was first discov-
ered by Professor S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois, in a
well at Normal, IIl., and was named and described by him, in Bulletin
No. 1 of the Illinois Museum of Natural History, December, 1876,
page 21. It belongs to the Order of Amphipoda and to the Family
of Gammaride. It is described as follows,— combining the generic
characters with the specific:

C. mucronatus Forbes. No eyes [a congeneric species, gracilis, has
eyes|. Peduncles of the two pairs of antennz subequal. Hind angles
of first three abdominal segments rounded; no clusters of spines on
posterior abdominal segments. Last pair of abdominal legs with inner
branch minute, outer branch shorter than peduncle; the first two pairs

of feet subequal. Telson single, of male a slender spine about as long
as first three abdominal segments.

Illustration is given of structure in seven enlarged figures.

Professor Forbes informs me that the above is the first instance in
which this crustacean has been reported from east of Indiana. It is
not confined to wells, but it has been frequently found in certain
springs in seasons of high water when the soil is saturated; it also
often comes to the surface at the mouth of drains, but as it is entirely
subterranean, it does not live for any length of. time in surface waters.

In explanation of its occurrence in drains, Professor Forbes has
kindly written me: ‘‘ The drains referred to in my letter are ordinary
farm drains, but as the Crangonyx and its companion crustacean,
Asellus stygius, do not occur in such drains indiscriminately, but only
in here and there one, I presume that their appearance in such situ-
ations is due to the presence of springy ground and a penetration of
the tiles by the subterranean crustaceans from some underground
source.”

The publication of the occurrence of the Crangonyx at Oswego, in
the Alhany Evening Journal of March 27th, 1891, and in the New York
Times, brought to light other localities in the S:ate of New York and
_elsewhere where it was also to be found. Referring to the Times?

i
ae NintTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 349

notice, Mr. Walter L. Allerton, of New York city, wrote me as
follows:
They are frequently found in wells in Westchester county and in’

Fairfield county, Connecticut, and are generally believed to indicate

the purity of the water. I have a well at my residence at Mt. Vernon
| Westchester Co., N. Y.] in which they are quite abundant. This
well is about fifteen feet deep, and is supplied by a large stream flow-
ing through a bed of coarse gravel resting upon rock. I have also
known them to be pumped from a well in my father-in-law’s place at
Berwick, Maine. I have no doubt that if there was any object to
induce a careful search they would be found wherever the same condi-
tions exist, viz., an underground stream of good size flowing through a
layer or bed of gravel.

The Asellus crustacean above named as often associated with the
Crangonyx, is probably the one noticed in Jnsect Life, ii, p. 375, as
brought up abundantly by a pump from a well in Keokuk, Iowa,
and which is figured in the American Entomologist, iii, 1880, p. 36,
and of which Mr. H. G. Hubbard, writing of the inhabitants of the little
pools of water in the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, states: “ Though
none of the pools were larger than an ordinary washbow], I found them
all veritable little aquaria, well-stocked with the crustacean described by
Packard (Cecidotea stygia). Some of the pools contained twenty or
thirty specimens in all stages of growth.”

The presence of these crustaceans in wells need not excite the slightest
fear. All of their kind are eagerly sought for food, and are regarded
by epicures as great delicacies. In their subterraneous habitat the
waters are necessarily, from filtration, very pure, and when, through
underground currents, they are carried into wells they attest to the
purity of the incoming water. As inhabitants of wells, they would
serve as purifiers in the capacity of scavengers, feeding upon any

injurious matter that might be present.

[From the Albany Evening Journal of February 14th, 1891.]
Insectivorous Birds for Protection.
State Entomologist J. A. Lintner made a vigorous protest before the

committee of the Assembly having under consideration the codification
of the Fish and Game Laws, against the provisions in the proposed act

_ which gave no proper protection to insectivorous birds. The law under

consideration repeals all former laws upon the subject.. In his address
to the committee he urged the importance of protecting all such birds
as are of benefit to the agricultural interests of the State.

Doctor Lintner said, that to the wanton destruction of our wild birds
was largely owing the present excessive ravages of insect pests,

390 Hiete eecan Report ON THE ‘STATE M USBUM P :

greater in this country than anywhere else in the world, and antsy if
increasing annually. It had become a necessity that every bird which — :
was of benefit to the agriculturist should be given protection. It was
possible to pronounce definitely upon what particular birds were bene-—
ficial— which were of negative importance, and which were injurious.
This was arrived at through the investigations of the stomachs of birds 3
shot during every season of the year, showing the food upon which ~
each species feeds. These investigations were mainly conducted by the
Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy at Washington, and when,
as the result of such examinations, perhaps of a thousand stomachs of a
single species, it was definitely asserted that such a bird was beneficial,
the decision should be unhesitatingly accepted without question. The
bird itself had borne testimony to the nature of the food upon which it
fed.

Dr. Lintner asked of the committee to strike out from the printed
bill under consideration, the following provision: “Nor does it [this
act] protect the English sparrow, crane, crow, raven, hawk, shrike,
‘owl, crow-blackbird or king-fisher;” also, the section, providing that
the robin, blackbirds, and meadow lark may be killed during the
months of November and December. |

Referring to the birds-named in the act, the professor said: The
provision exempting the English sparrow lacked the stringent legisla- -
tion against it contained in the old law. This bird was accepted as an
unmitigated and intolerable nuisance, the rapid multiplication of which
must be checked, even if poison must be used against it, as is being —
largely done in Australia. |

The crane never occurs in the State of New York; the larger herons —
are mistaken for it. The precise economic status of the crow and the
raven, were not yet determined; their investigation was still going on. :
It was certain that the crow rendered very valuable service in its feed- :
ing upon the white grub —a notorious pest,— often pulling up young
corn to reach the grub concealed in the hill. j

The hawks and owls, as a class, deserve protection more than any other {
birds, for the reason that considerably more than 90 per cent of their —
food consists of the enemies of the farmer, viz., field mice and grasshop- j
pers. Even the bulk of the food of one or two hen-hawks — the red-
tailed and the red-shouldered — consists of injurious rodents, and their —
occasional attack on poultry may properly be ignored. |

The northern-shrike, notwithstanding its unpleasant popular name of —
“ butcher-bird,” had of late years, during its winter sojourn among us, _
treated itself almost entirely to the English sparrow, killing and impal-_

NINTH ReporT or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 351

ing on thorns or thrusting in forks of limbs many more of the birds

than it consumed in food. It should by all means be protected as a
valuable ally of the farmer.
The blackbirds, of which there are several species, should also be

_ protected. When the crow-blackbird was seen tearing off the husks

from the ears of corn to feed, as generally supposed, upon the corn,
examination of its stomach showed numbers of a caterpillar which
feeds upon the tips of the ears, and only incidentally a few kernels of
the corn. The kingfisher is only injurious in fish-ponds.

The robin is one of our most valuable insectivorous birds, and
should therefore never be shot. It may be pardoned for the berries
and the cherries that it takes, in consideration of the hundredfold return
that it makes. The meadow lark feeds only on insects and wild seeds.
It is difficult to imagine how one could kill for sale as food so useful a
bird, the musical notes of which, while lacking the compass and
volume of the famed English meadow lark, quite supasses it in

sweetness.

In place of the provisions of the act, which Dr. Lintner wished to
be stricken from the bill, he asked to have inserted the following:
“The English sparrrow (Passer domesticus) is not protected under this
act, and it shall be considered a misdemeanor intentionally to give it
shelter or food, except with a view to its ultimate destruction; nor

- does it protect the’crow, raven, or Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter Cooper), or

the great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus).”

INSECT ATTACKS.

Resistance of Fleas to Insecticides.

That fleas are capable of resisting the effects of insecticides such as

_ will usually destroy insect life, is shown in the following communica-

—_

tion received from a gentleman in Central New York, under date of
August 14th:

Dear Sir.—I am in a quandary, and feel meee to appeal to
you to help me out of my difficulty. About six or eight weeks ago I
discovered that my cellar was infested with fleas, and 1-at once went
at them with a mixture of turpentine and gasoline, and supposed I had
exterminated the pests. About two weeks later I found they were still
jumping about, and I treated the floors with a solution of two ounces
cyanide potassium in one gallon water. Later, I used Persian insect
powder freely and an infusion of Cocculus indicus berries, one gallon

containing four ounces cyanide potassium. Then I again used the

insect powder, and gave my cellar two sulphur fumigations, using
three drams sulphur each time. I supposed I had really knocked
them out, until this morning, when I found that there were still a few
left to tell what they know about “hades.” I have reached the limit.
of my knowledge of insecticides applicable to fleas, and, if you can
suggest to me anything that I can use to rid my cellar of these rascals,
I shall be exceedingly indebted to you. My house is a new one, with

a well-lighted, airy cellar, and the fleas must have come from a Scotch |

Collie dog that has slept in the cellar.. I have almost concluded that
fleas will resist the action of any insecticide, for I noticed to-day a
number of lively fellows in a barrel standing outside of my cellar, that
had come up. through sawdust that had been saturated with the fish-
berry and cyanide potassium mixture that I had swept up from the

cellar floors a couple of weeks ago. Iam very anxious to rid my cellar

of these pests before my family returns from the country, and an early
response from you will be greatly appreciated. I remain, sir, &e.

Reply was made of inability to recommend better insecticides than
those that had already been employed, unless, without endangering the
lives or health of his family, the infested cellar be charged with hydro-
cyanic acid gas [made by treating cyanide of potassium with sulphuric
acid]. It was probable that the larve had been killed by the insec-
ticides used, and that the imagoes that were now appearing, in smaller

numbers than before, were those which had been sheltered and pro- —

tected by pupation.

‘NintH Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 353

A resort to the favorite means for the reduction of this pest, used

many years ago in Poland —“ the paradise of fleas,”— was recommended.
_ for use in the present stage of the infestation, viz., setting a shallow

vessel of water (a film of kerosene might be floated on its surface) on
the floor, with a lighted candle standing in it. The fleas, attracted to
the light, would leap toward it, and be caught in the water and killed.
In Poland they would often almost blacken the water with their bodies. ©

White Grubs Injuring Nursery Stock.

A firm of nurserymen and florists at Newark, N. Y., have suffered
severely from injuries from white grubs, as appears in the following
letter, sent under date of June 18th, 1892:

“We have been corresponding with Dr. Peter Collier, of the Experi-
ment Station at Geneva, N. Y., in regard to corn grubs. He has
suggested that you might be interested to know about them, and
might be able to recommend something that would help us to get rid
of them. ‘Two years ago these grubs destroyed thousands of dollars
worth of nursery stock for us; last year they did not trouble us much;
this year there appears to be millions of them, apparently about one

year old. We do not suppose they will do as much damage this season

as they will if let alone till another year, but, we wish, if possible to
find some way of destroying them. Any suggestions that will help us
in this matter will be thoroughly appreciated by us.”

Request was made for some of the grubs to see if they could be
identified. Upon their receipt, the following answer was returned:

“The larve kindly sent me on the 23d inst., are young white
grubs, apparently in the second year of their growth. Whether they
are those of the May-beetle, Lachnosterna fusca, or even of the genus
of Lachnosterna, I am unable to say, as we can not identify with cer-
tainty, especially when young, any of the many different species of
that genus, of which nearly one hundred have been described in their
beetle stage [see remarks in 8th Rept. Insects of N. Y., page 175].

“White grubs of Allorhina nitida, in experiments made in the
Capitol grounds at Washington, were killed by applying freely to the
ground, kerosene emulsion of the dilution of one part to eighteen of

_ water (see Insect Life, i, 1889, pages 48, 49), and afterward carrying it

¢ into the soil by soaking it with water for several days in succession.

The grubs were among the grass roots at the depth of from two to four
inches when the emulsion was first applied, but were subsequently
found dead at various depths down to sixteen inches. The experiment
was very satisfactory.

1893. 45

a

304 fortry-sixtH Report on THE STATE MUSEUM

‘Tf this method could be made equally effective with you, it would 4
certainly pay to resort to it. The expense of following the emulsion *
with repeated water application could, I suppose, be saved, if the

kerosening should be done before a rainy spell.

“At what depth do you find the grubs at the present time, and what :

nursery stock do they mostly infest ?

“T wish that you would try the emulsion upon an area of some —

extent, and, after the rains, dig for the grubs, and see what the effect
has been. The low cost of kerosene would permit of its free use if
found to be effective. You probably have the formula for the prepara-
tion of the emulsion —if not I will send it to you.”

In reply to the question of the nursery stock attacked, answer was
made: “We raise mostly roses, ornamental shrubs, and grapevines.
~ These grubs attack all of our stock; we even find them at the roots of
two-year-old apple, peach, and plum trees, but they do the most damage
to the roses. We would like to try the kerosene emulsion, and, if you
will kindly s:nd us the formula, we will do so, but fear that it may
kill the young rose-bushes as well as the grubs.”

The formula for the emulsion was sent as requested, but no report
of results from its use has been received.

As the Entomological collection of the U. S. National Museum at
Washington, D. C., contains more larval Coleoptera than any other
collection in the United States, examples of the grubs noticed above
were sent by me to Dr. Riley, at Washington, in the hope that they
could, by comparison, be at least generically determined, but unfortu-
nately, by some mishap, they failed to reach their destination.

The enormous aggregate of losses in gardea and field crops inflicted

by white grubs is offered as a reason for appending to the above some
additional words in relation to this destructive class, which will be
found of economic importance in directions that will be pointed out.

Professor Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois, has recently written :*
“The white grubs are among the immemorial enemies of agriculture in
both worlds, but in neither Europe or America has the problem pre-
sented by their injuries on the farm and in the fruit and vegetable gar-
den received a satisfactory solution.”

While still unable to recommend entirely effective, simple, and inex- _

pensive methods for destroying these larvee when infesting grass land
or other large pieces of ground, we now know through the labors of

Professor Forbes+ so much of the life-history of the more common

species allied to the May-bug, Lachnosterna fusca, that we may say,

* Seventeenth Report on the Insects of Illinois, 1891, p. 30.
+ On the Common White Grubs, loc. cit., pp. 30-53, plate iv, figs. 1-7.

* * te
Ye * ae 4
< 46% Phe ee * 4

(eee a > A. rv Ww iu ot Ssh 1 tes ’ “—e" + _ 4 AY
if Oi SR nes Be! rN oe Pal he nat a ee ear ‘Ay ie 4 q oi
ie hoa eS = ‘ eT Cee US PSF AK , 3 ; we
; Tie Ndnres A ‘ ‘ Seely p
A ae oe t «

Nintu Report oF THE Stare ENTOMOLOGIST 355

‘with certainty, when fields infested with these larve may or may not
‘be with safety planted to another crop.
Formany years past we have been told that the grub of the May or June
beetle required three years for its maturity. The most particular state-
ment of its transformations was that given by Professor Riley in his 1s¢
; Report on the Insects of Missouri, in 1869. According to this, the
eggs were laid in the ground after the pairing of the beetles, and
hatched in the course of a month. The grubs attained their full size in
the early spring of the third year, when they changed to pupe, and soon
_ thereafter to beetles, emerging from the ground in May. “Under
favorable conditions it is probable that some of the grubs became pup
and even beetles in the autumn, subsequent to their second spring,” but
remained in the earth until the following spring.

In correction of the above, Professor Forbes has given as the result
‘of his studies upon the white grubs in Illinois (where thirty-one species
_are known to occur), and more particularly upon six of the most abun-
dant and most destructive species, viz., Lachnosterna gibbosa, L.

inversa, L. fusca, L. rugosa, L. implicita, and L. hirticula—the fol-
_ lowing as their life-history, quoting his carefully considered words:
“Tt is not too much to say concerning the six species above, and quite
possibly of all the others, that they lay their eggs in June and early
July; that these eggs hatch in from ten days to two weeks; and that
the grubs live in the earth for a number of years unknown, but seemingly
at least for two; that they may begin to pupate as early as the middle
of June [late spring, but pup may be found until September 5th] of
the year when they become full grown, and may form the first imago
in the earth by the middle of August and the last as late as the middle
_of September [all in summer], but that they very rarely, if ever, pass
the winter in the pupa state. They form the adult in this latitude in
late summer and early fall, and escape from the earth the following
spring and early summer * * * jn April, May or June, or rarely
in July.”

Presuming, as it seems we may do, that there is a year in which the
_Lachnosternas deposit their eges,— identical with the years in which the
beetles appear, and that these are separated by a term of years (probably
three), instead of there being deposits of eggs in successive years, giving

grubs of various sizes and ages in the same field,— we may educe from
the above statement of life-history the following:

_ 1. The age of grubs turned up in spring plowing, seemingly about
half-grown, can not positively be told; it is, therefore, uncertain —
whether they are to cease from feeding the following spring so as to

_

ei ne

\ <a ae 7‘
356 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STA TE MUSEUM —

exempt from injury by them grain sown in the autumn and crops ih
in the following spring. sah

2. If full-grown grubs (their size is well known to almost every agri-
culturist) are found in the spring, no injury to roots will be caused by
them aftermidsummer—during autumn or the following spring,—leaving
winter wheat, and corn, potatoes, etc., of the succeeding year free from
their attack.

It is interesting to compare the above life-history of Lachnostern@
worked out in Illinois by Professor Forbes with that published in the
Patent Office Report for the year 1852, part ii, page 219, by Mr. D. L.
Bernard, of Ulster county, New York, which I have quoted in my
pamphlet entitled “The White Grub of the May Beetle,” being Bul-

/

letin No.5 of the New York State Museum of Natural History. These ;

almost precise points of agreement may be noticed: Eggs deposited

generally in the month of June (Bernard); in June and early July

(Forbes). Life duration of grubs, two years (B.); seemingly two (F.).
larve mature, middle of June (B.); the same (F.). Pupation, middle

of August (B.);* begins middle of June and continues into September —

(F.). The perfect stage or beetle, about the last of September (B.);
middle of August to middle of September (F.). The beetle appears
abroad about the last of April or first of May (B.); April—June (F.).

It will be observed that the above life-histories shorten the grub
stage by one year from that given by most of our authors and drawn
mainly from that of the European cockchafer.

See, also, “‘ Notes on Lachnosterna,” by G. H. Perkins, in Insect Life, ;

iv, pp. 389-392.

The White Grub Eaten by the Robin.
Mr. W. C. Little, of the Commercial Nurseries, at Rochester, N. Y.,

has sent me the following note of observations made by him, of the

j
3

fondness of the robin for the white grub of our lawns and fields, j

Lachnosterna fusca:

I do not remember to have seen it stated in print that the robin is a

’

|

4
"
4

great feeder on the white grub of the May Beetle. Two or three —

years ago I noticed the robins industriously engaged in grubbing on —
our lawns. I thought at first that they were after the earth worms, —
but their mode of procedure was so peculiar that I was led to investigate

and interrupt their operations; and in every instance I found the large

white grub at the bottom of the hole which the bird had drilled with
its beak — about an inch and a half below the surface. I estimated

* It will be observed that this date is later than that given by Prof. Forbes. They agree as to

time that feeding ceases, but Mr. Bernard says that they then ‘‘ descend deeper in the earth and ~
become torpid until about the middle of August.” y

4

E /

as possible its protection.

_ NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 357

that these robins must have destroyed hundreds of grubs on my prem-
aises that summer.

In “ Bulletin No. 5 of the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History,”
the robin was merely named among a few other birds that were said to
feed on white grubs, in the absence of any definite information of the
extent to which they entered into its food. That in addition to its
other well-known insectivorous habits, it is also an active white grub
destroyer, should certainly increase our regard for it, and secure as far

A Maple-Tree Pruner, Elaphidion parallelum.

The following communication and reply is from the Country Gentle-
aman of September 9th, 1886 :

“T enclose a sample of fallen limbs taken from beneath the orna-
mental maples that help to beautify the grounds surrounding the coun-
try residence of Hon. J. B. Dutcher, Pawling, Dutchess Co., N. Y.
These pieces represent portions of boughs that have been cut off by a
‘worm, and have fallen to the ground.

“So extensive is the injury inflicted by these insects that the handsome
tree tops are becoming sadly disfigured by the unequal dismemberment of

* twigs and limbs that daily drop out, even if nothing worse results from

it. The section of wood illustrates the manner in which the damage
by these pests is effected. A knife has been passed longitudinally
through one of the pieces to expose the interior of the wood. It will
be seen that the heart or pith throughout the entire length of the piece
hhas been destroyed. You will also please observe that the end of one
of the sticks is a cross-cut, made by the worm, the woody part being
neatly severed, while the outer covering or bark was left intact. It is a
peculiar feature characterizing the work of this worm that it first
enters the wood at the junction of a twig or limb with its larger parent
stem. Having reached the heart, it turns and follows this until satis-
fied with the length of the tube bored out, and is then ready to cut the
limb off. The reason for selecting a knotty point wherewith to com-
mence business is known only to the instinct which prompts it to
injure the tree at all. The work of cutting off the limb is done from
its resting place in the heart of the wood, the cut thus radiating out-
wardly in continually enlarging circles until all is detached excepting
the bark. There is, apparently, no aversion to attacking at any point
other than a knot at this stage of the work,—the clear wood of the
inclosed specimens being squarely cut off at an intermediate point
between a growth of knots.

: } eons é “3 . | ‘ .
theme Hg } a (a eae
358 ForTyY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEUM

“ Nature seldom commits the error of an absolute waste of energy, so it~

ra !
hog

may be assumed that this operator has a mission of some sort,and means.

business. A little study into the pos--
sible olject this fellow may have in —
tree chopping, I fancy reveals an effort:
on his part simply to reach the ground
without exposure, and the boring and
ES cutting is merely a means to an end.
am The two specimens of worms which

Fie. 29—ELAPHIpion PaRatuetum: a, 4CCOMpany the pieces of wood, I hope
larva; b, pupa, in burrow; c, the beetle; may reach you lively enough to afford.

Y MEER
“hee Wee =

/

a, e, f, g, h, head and mouth-parts of larva; j 5 ;: 5
eae i ’ an examination. It is evident that —

z, basal joints of antenna of beetle; j, tip
of wing-cover; k, section of cut-off twig. while abundantly able to act on the

sy conned ageressive, they have no means of
defense, and are doubtless toothsome morsels to any prying wood-
pecker. Their length is one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch, and
their body and the absence of any rapid means of locomotion would.
render them an easy prey, but for instinct of secrecy during the pro-
cess of severing a limb. The wood is cut squarely in two, but the out-
side bark is left untouched as previously stated, so that while a wander-
ing woodpecker may go about seeking a sign, no sign can be found.

“The mission previously referred to, probably includes a scheme of *

life, covering transformations from one form and habitation to another,
until finally emerging into that of a fly or winged moth, which I
imagine is the immediate ancestor of this fellow.

“After the wood is cut, securely hidden in the portion of the limb
beyond the cross-cut, he has only to wait a passing breeze to have the
branch blown off and borne to the ground. Once arrived there safely,
he can quit the bough at the first favorable chance and pass into the
ground.

_ “How much damage they may eventually cause to maples can only be:
conjectured. Nothing similar to this pest has hitherto been noticed in
the vicinity of Pawling, and any suggestion through your columns:
looking to a remedy or preventive will be very thankfully received.”

To the above the following reply was made to my correspondent,
Mr. A. T. Thomas, of New York city:

‘The samples of wood sent, the larva (crushed and useless for specific
identification), and the account of its operations given, show the cutting
off of the limbs to be the work of a longicorn beetle of the genus.
Hlaphidion, and of the species villosum (Fabr.) or parallelum
(Newm.), The former, originally described in this country as Steno--

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST - 359

~

corus putator, the oak-pruner, by Prof. Peck, in the Massachusetts
Agricultural Repository and Journal, vol. v, 1819, is the species that
so frequently comes under observation as the pruner of the red and

__ black oaks — occasionally of the scarlet oak. It also, according to Dr.

Fitch, occurs in the beech, birch, chestnut, apple, and peach; in the
spruce, on the authority of Dr. Patera, and in the hickory, accord-
ing to many writers and my own observations. H. paraillelum has
been bred from some of the above food-plants, and also from plum; in
the latter, not as a pruner, it is stated (American Entomologist, i, p.
187); also from apple (7d., ii, p. 60). It also bores the branches of the
orange, according to Mr. Hubbard.
An Elaphidion attack upon maples is not of common occurrence.
Dr. LeBaron, former State Entomologist of Illinois, mentions Ela-
phidion larvz as well-known pruners of oaks, maples, and other trees
(4th Report, p. 154), but I find no record of the particular species bred
from the maple. They are not included among maple insects in Dr.
Packard’s “Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees.” The severe
attack brought to our noti-e in the above communication, is, therefore,
of considerable interest, and it is to be hoped that the additional twigs
containing the larvee which I have requested of the writer may be sent
to me and will give me the beetles for identification some time duri ing
the winter or the coming spring. [They subsequently gave Ff,
parallelum. |
The observation of Mr. Thomas of the entering of the larva at the
junction of a twig or limb with its larger parent stem, may need some
correction. The burrows will, it is true, be found passing from the
twig into the branch, but Dr. Fitch is probably correct when he states
that the beetle deposits her egg near the tip of a twig of the same
year’s growth in the angle where a leaf-stalk branches from it. The

_ egg hatching, the young larva burrows into the center of the twig, and

consumes all the soft pulpy tissue until only the bark remains, which in
its thin and tender condition, withers and dries. By this time the
larva has eaten downward in the center of the twig, through the pith,
to its base, and onward into the main branch from which the twig
grows, passing to the center, an inch or less below the twig. Here,
when about half-grown, it proceeds to cut off the branch, in the

_ manner stated in the above communication, and as more fully narrated

:
d
i
{

by Dr. Fitch, of Hlaphidion villosum.

The account given by Dr. Fitch is quite interesting, and will amply
repay for its perusal. It is to be found in his Fi/th Report on the Insects
of New York, pp. 17-24, and also in the Transactions of the New
York State Agricultural Society for 1858, vol. xvii, pp. 797-812, under

360 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM — 5

the name of the Oak-pruner, Hlaphidion putator. Inhis Report, pl.2, —

fig. 2, is a figure of the beetle. It is also noticed and figured in Dr.
Harris’ Insects Injurious to Vegetation, 1862, p. 98, figs. 47-8-9. Dr.

Packard, in his Guide to the Study of Insects, 1869, on p. 496, —

represents the larva and pupa, but the accompanying figure should not
be accepted for the imago. Excellent figures of F. parallelum in the
larva and beetle, with enlargements of portions of the same, and 6f the
pupa in a section of the excised branch, after Riley, may be found in
Dr. LeBaron’s Fourth Report on the Insects of Illinois. [These are
given in Figure 29. | ) .

In speculating upon the reason for the cutting off of the twigs by the
larva, Dr. Fitch writes as follows: “As the worm is to remain in the
limb through the winter, it appears to foresee that, from being wounded,
as it is, it will perish and become too dry if it remains elevated in the

air; it therefore drops it to the earth, where, lying among the fallen
leaves and buried beneath the winter’s snow, it remains moist and
adapted for the development of the insect within it.” .

Although secreted within the central portion of the branch, the
larva does not enjoy immunity from its foes. Woodpeckers may dis-
cover its retreat while still upon the tree, and artfully extract the
favorite tid-bit. After the larve drop to the ground their burrows are
probed, and they are extraéted by many of the smaller birds, or eaten
by burrowing insects. Certain it is that many of the excised twigs,
when examined, will be found without the larva within them. .

The branches sent by Mr. Thomas were received about the 20th
of July, when the larve were already at least half-grown: the eggs

had probably been deposited in early June. One of the twigs, four- —

tenths of an inch in diameter, had been cut off at three inches above
where the burrow entered from the twig that nurtured the young larva.
A section of a larger branch, over half an inch in diameter, shows the
entrance of two larve from lateral twigs, one inch and three-fourths
apart. In this the burrowing is still going on, as is shown by a large
quantity of small, round, hard, whitish grains of excrement which are
being thrown out. [Of several branches of red oak received from
McGregor, Ilowa,— in one, measuring one inch in diameter, the cutting
was unusually thorough, passing entirély through the wood and into
the bark, leaving only a thin outer film of the bark, so that the branch

would break off by its own weight. Another section of a larger

branch, measuring one inch and one-half, shows one-fourth of its
plane uneaten, so that the action of the wind was necessary to its

breaking and separation. |

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 361

Dr. Fitch, in writing of the transformations of the oak-pruner, states
that some of the worms enter their pupa state the last of autumn, and
others not till the following spring, to come forth as perfect beetles in
June. Mr. F. Clarkson, of New York city, in a recent number of the
Canadian Entomologist (1885, xvii, p. 188), states that this insect was
very abundant in Columbia county, this State, in 1878, and that the
September winds brought showers of twigs and branches to the
ground, containing nearly full-grown larve, in tunnels of from ten to
fifteen inches in length. Some of these, which had been placed in a
room having very nearly the condition, thermometrically, of the tem-
perature without, were opened in the early part of November, and
were found in every instance to contain the beetle,—the transforma-
tion from the larva to the imago having been completed in less than
eight weeks. It is not stated whether the season had been an unusually
warm one, through which the ordinary development of the insect may
have been hastened.

_ Remedy.— It is seldom that the operations of this insect amount to
more than a moderate pruning of the infested trees, but, as in the
instance above brought to our notice, they are seriously marring the
beauty of the trees that they occupy, it is important that the attack
should not be permitted to continue and extend itself. As the insect
remains within the fallen branches until the following spring, and it is
probable that very nearly all the tunneled branches fall to the ground,
we have a simple and easy method of arresting the injuries We have
only to collect and burn the severedebranches as soon as they fall, or at
any time during the autumn, and the deposit of eggs for another brood
the following season will be prevented. If danger is apprehended that
the species may be continued through a few of the insects remaining
upon the tree, watch should be kept for withering ends of branches
during the summer and early autumn, which may be removed and
destroyed, or the outer limbs may be beaten, after the burrowing
operations have ceased, with a moderate force, which would serve to
break off any partially excised branches which the winds had failed to
remove.

Diabrotica vittata (Fabr.).
The Striped Cucumber Beetle. .
A squash plant, of a growth of nine inches above the ground and
three inches of. stalk beneath, was submitted, June 30th, for examina-
tion and for some method of destroying the insects attacking it.

1893 46

\

362 Forry-sixru Report on THE StatTe M USEUM

Three of the larve of the cucumber beetle were boring into the
stalk at about an inch downward upon it, and several round holes were

clean cut and others surrounded with irregular
erosions; still others were superficial and had not ‘
extended into the root. On cutting open the stalk
seven nearly full-grown larve were taken from its
interior, within a length of two inches, in longitu-
dinal tunnels which they had excavated. Figure 30
shows the operations of the larve within a root,
and Figure 31 the larva in natural size and enlarged.
The best method of protection from this form of
attack would undoubtedly be in preventing the
deposit of the eggs on the stalk of the plants by
the parent beetle, by covering them during the
early stage of growth with a thin loose muslin
or netting. By the time that they have out-grown
such a protection, they will have attained a sufficient.
size and vigor of growth to enable them to resist.
attack unless it be unusually severe. Possibly am
Bie. 30.—Cucumber root early application of the burdock infusion which is:
infested with the larve i :
of the striped cucumber Noticed in the Fifth Report on the Insects of New
beetle. (After Fitch.) York, page 158, if repeated at intervals of about a
week, would prevent attack by rendering the plants distasteful to the:
newly hatched larve. Kerosene emulsion —one-fifteenth kerosene,.
exami? poured about the roots would destroy

the eggs already deposited and such
y ’ . oul Ze! Wp
TT
Oe: rowed into the root beyond its reach..
Fig. 31—Larva of the striped cucumber In a communication recently made,
beetle, DiaBRoTICA VITTATA, natural size by me to the Country Gentleman

andenlarged. (After Fitch. :
a y , experiments by Professor Weed and

others, with remedies and preventives for the beetle were noticed as.

T (Ur

he ‘ p
rhe TT

foilows:

A correspondent asks, what is the best remedy and how should it be
applied for the destruction of the striped cucumber beetle ?

This question is often asked, but can not be replied to satisfactorily.
Various preventives are announced from time to time, as invariably
giving efficient protection, but when tried by other persons, in different
localities, only partial success is reported.

Last year a series of careful experiments were made by Prof. Weed,,
of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station in order to test the value:

seen that had been made by others—some of them —

of the larve as had not already bur-

“
Bd

{

yo ee alee
4 - ;

~ + ~ '

on

i aa Tal ta Re Seay SP ie i
Pt iy ee ; ps: > ° —_ 4 t
NintH ReEpoR?’ oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST § 363:

of the various preventive and remedial methods that have been proposed
against the beetle, Diabrotica vittatu. The methods experimented with
were divided into these four classes: 1. The use of offensive odors; 2.

Mechanical coating of the leaves; 3. Poisonous coating of the leaves;

4. Inclosing plants under tents or gauze-covered frames.

The results of the above, made when the beetles were exceedingly
abundant, were as follows:

Of class one, five substances were tested, viz.: hen manure, cow
manure, carbolic acid, and bisulphide of carbon. None of these proved
practically successful. |

Of class two, three substances were tried, viz.: coal soot, gypsum, and

saltpetre. Of these, gypsum only showed some beneficial effect, while

the other two were worthless.
Of class three, were pyrethrum, slug-shot and peroxide of silicates.
Pyrethrum killed the beetles with which it came in contact, but soon

lost its efficacy. Slug-shot injured the plants. Peroxide of silicates.

was beneficial, and saved such plants as had been well started.
Class four, or fencing out the insects, was by far the most satisfactory.

It was best accomplished by covering the plants with a piece of cheese--

cloth about two feet square, held up by a bent hoop or wire, or two

crossing at right angles, and fastened at the edges by loose earth or

stones.

It would seem from the above that safety from the cucumber beetle :

is to be found only by excluding the insect from the plant. This method
would, of course, be effectual if all attack from above and below ground
could thus be prevented; but unfortunately it is not proof against the

operations of the larva in the stalk, or the beetles that may develop:

from the ground beneath the plants.

It will be observed, however, that only a few substances were tested, .

and while these proved inefficient, it is not improbable that others, had
they been tried, might have given better results. Paris green and

London purple were not experimented with. Possibly they would not.
_ have been as injurious as slug-shot.

A writer in one of our journals (Garden and Forest, for March 12th,.
1890), has stated that he annually saves his cucumber plants by sprink--
ling a handful of bone dust over each hill as soon as the seed-leaves.
appear, and rarely has to repeat the operation, unless washed off by rain..

A correspondent of the Rural New- Yorker claims as a cheap, simple,.
and effective preventive, spirits of turpentine mixed with common land.
plaster — about a tablespoonful of the turpentine to two or three gal-
lons of plaster. “Jn the morning after the plants have shown up nicely,

~

364 ForTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEUM.

aman goes through the patch, taking two rows at a time, and scatters.

-a small pinch on each hill. The turpentine drives away the beetles, and
we seldom make the second application.”

Another writer finds safety from the beetle by planting endian
. ‘and beans in alternate hills. In order to get two crops from the same
‘ground, it is marked in rows three feet apart each way, and planted
with melons or cucumbers in hills alternately in one row, and in the
next, all beans. The string beans are out of the way in time for the
melons to occupy the ground.

Another person has tested the efficacy of beans for ten years, with
‘perfect success, by planting a circle six inches apart around the outer

edge of each hill. The beans would come up in advance, and no beetle —

would molest the cucumbers. (Country Gentleman, for November
20th, 1890.)

The Grape Curculio, Craponius inzqualis (Say).

A correspondent from Sanford, Tenn., sends grapes that have been
‘stung by an insect, desiring to know what the insect is. The bunch
from which the grapes were taken had every one punctured in the
same manner. The damage to his crop from this cause was very
great, and he could only secure a good crop by bagging the clusters.
The grapes showed a small, dark brown spot or puncture on one side,
‘surrounded with a rounded discolored blotch. On opening them, a
-yellowish-white footless larva with a pale-brown head was found work-

ing within the pulp, and having partly eaten one or more of the seeds, —

‘somewhat after the manner of the caterpillar of the grape-berry moth.
It was recognized as the larva of the grape curculio, Craponius
imequalis (Say).

This insect is rather a local one, and is only occasionally reported as
‘injurious to the grape crop, and rarely so, outside of the valley of the
Mississippi river, although it ranges, according to LeConte and Horn,
over the Middle, Southern, and Western States. It was found by
Professor Webster particularly abundant on one of the Ozark mountains
in Arkansas, working in both cultivated and wild grapes. I have
never met with it in the State of New York, but it is probably occa-
sionally found therein, as it is reported from opposite New York city, at
West Hoboken. Its attack can, of course, be prevented by bagging
the clusters, and as bagging not only improves the appearance of the
grapes, but also preserves them from injury to which they are exposed

wht ag as

NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 365.

from several species of insects besides the curculio, and from some of
the fungus attacks to which they are liable, it would be well always.
to resort to this method of pro- :
tection wherever the curculio
abounds. Where this is not
done, perhaps the next best
means of relief would be that
of jarring the beetles from the
vines upon a cloth when they | _— 7

J bi : - Fie. 82.— The grape curculio, CRAPONIUS INZQUA
visit the berries during the urs: a, grape injured by the larva; b, the larva.
month of June for feeding on them and for depositing their eggs.

The beetle may be recognized by its black color sprinkled with
grayish spots; its prothorax with four large tubercles of which the
outer ones are acute; the alternate interspaces of the wing-covers the ~
more elevated and somewhat uneven; and its rounded form, unlike the.
oval of most of the curculio tribe. Its length is rather more than one-.
tenth of an inch. It is represented in Figure 32.

In August, the larva having attained its growth, drops to the ground:
and enters it for pupation, where it remains for about a month before
changing to the beetle. If during this time the ground beneath the
vines could be worked, many of the delicate larve or pupz would be
crushed or injured to a degree sufficient to prevent their maturity. The
arsenical spraying so effective against the plum curculio, would not.
be available, it is thought, for protection against this insect. See
Walsh, First Annual Report on the Insects of Illinois, 1878, pp. 13-21,
fig. 1. Riley, First Report Insects of Missouri, 1868, pp. 128, 129,
figs. 70-72. Saunders, Insects Injurious to Fruit, 1889, pp. 300, 301,.
figs. 311, 312. Webster, in Insect Life, iii, 1891, pp. 452, 453.

ues

The Peach-bark Scolytus, Phleotribus liminaris (Harris).

Mr. George C. Snow, of Penn Yan, N. Y., sent on the 7th of May,
peach bark infested with the above-named insect, accompanied by the
following note:

I send you by this mail under separate cover a section of peach bark
which you will find filled with an insect that is new to me. It may be.
of interest to you to know that the trees that they are in are literally
full of them from collar to branches.

I find an unusually large number of borers in the trees this spring. I
am intending to make a mixture of sludge-oil soap, carbolic acid and
lime for a tree-wash, to prevent any eggs from being deposited. Do
you know of anything better ?

Answer.— The insects sent in the bark are a destructive bark-borer,
one of the Scolytide, known as Phicwotribus liminaris. Ordinarily it

be > 366 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuszeuM

‘

does not attack perfectly healthy trees, and from the fact that it is

-often found in trees affected with the “yellows,”— years ago it was

-commonly but erroneously believed to be the cause of the “yellows.”

As we are not acquainted with the entire life-history of this species, —

(TI hope that you will be able to tell me from your observations whether
the beetles are at this time boring into the trees for oviposition or are
emerging from them. From the red dust that I find sprinkled on the
bark, I judge that they are entering, as the pear-tree Scolytus,
Xyleborus dispar, is known to do about the middle of May. If the
beetles are still resorting to the trees to commence their burrowing in,
-a thick wash of sludge-oil soap and carbolic acid should repel them. If

very thoroughly applied, it might even reach and kill those that had _

-already entered, if they have not penetrated too deeply.

I wish that you would try the experiment of applying with an ato-
“mizer to a single infested tree of not great value, undiluted kerosene,
-over the entire trunk, so as to have it enter the little holes that the
‘beetles have made. I do not think that kerosene thus applied would
‘kill or even injure the tree. I have atomized it freely over rose-bushes
and small branches of plum trees, without harm resulting.

If this little beetle once takes possession of a tree—unless it should
‘be found that it can be effectually killed by kerosene as above sug-

gested — the fate of the tree is sealed and it can not long survive. It
chad better be cut down at once and burned, rather than it should
remain as a breeding place for the multiplication of the pest.

The wash that you name will be excellent for excluding the peach-
tree borer, and I do not know of a better one.

I have noticed the P. liminaris in my Western New York Horti-
cultural Paper of last year—“Late Experiences with Insects,” — and in
my Fourth Report—in each quite brietly.

Arpany, May 8th, 1891.

From the small piece of.bark received from Mr. Snow, there were
found oa June 15th in the box in which it had been placed, four dead
and one living P. liminaris beetles, with living ones still in the bark.

To those who still entertain the belief that this beetle, in its attack
of peach trees is the cause of the “yellows,” the reply made’ by me,
through the Country Gentleman of November 3d, 1887, page 837, to
an inquiry from Ringwood, Ontario, Canada, may be of interest:

Inclosed I beg to hand you specimens of an insect taken from one
of my peach trees. The inspectors for the yellows have recently been
through this district, and on examination, have condemned several

trees in my orchard and others. They say that the presence of this
insect is a sure indication of the yellows; also an examination of the

‘ee - Ls a, oy a ae aN s
i ai baa :
id tx eS
NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 367

“mow little remaining fruit they say also shows signs of the disease by

the pinkish appearance of the flesh around the stone. The insect
appears to bore into the bark at the butt of the tree, similar to the
borer, but above ground, showing a small amount of sawdust around

the hole. Would you kindly give me through the columns of your

a

valuable paper your opinion? While being perfectly willing to destroy
the trees if so advised, we are not quite so sure of the experience of
our inspectors to justify us in destroying our orchards. | ha Se

The insect sent, taken from peach trees, the presence of which,
according to the statement above, fruit-tree inspectors of Ontario pro-
nounce to be a sure indication of “yellows,” is one of the Scolytide, or
bark-boring beetles, known as Phlwotribus liminaris (Harris). Its
presence in a tree by no means shows the existence of “ peach yellows”
therein. Many years ago, Miss Morris found the beetle under the bark
of peach trees affected with the yellows, and hence supposed that it
was directly connected with that malady (Downing’s Horticulturist,
iv, p. 502, and Harris’ Jnsects Injurious to Vegetation, 1862, p. 88).
Dr. Harris and Dr. Fitch each found it under the bark of elms, where
it occurs so often that it has been written of by Saunders in his Jnsects
Injurious to Fruits, and by other writers, as “‘ the elm-bark beetle.”*

This beetle, like most of the other members of the Scolytide family, -
does not attack a peach or other tree for breeding therein (it may for

_ feeding purposes) unless it be in an unhealthy or diseased condition.

Injury from frost might invite its attack, or the presence of the peach-
tree borer, Sannina exitiosa, in burrows about its base. According to
Professor Penhallow, the operations of this last-named insect produce
‘symptoms in the infested tree so like those of the yellows that they
might easily be mistaken for it. The same writer, who has given

earnest study to peach-tree yellows, states that the Scolytide can not

in any way be connected with that disease, or even be considered as a
predisposing cause.

I have, at different times, received the beetle under consideration,
Philcestribus liminaris, from peach-trees in localities where the yellows

has not been known. Positive indications of this mysterious disease

(its cause as yet not ascertained) must be found in other than insect
presence.

‘The following have been named ‘by authorities as_ reliable
indications :

1. The production on the main stem and along the branches, of a
multitudinous growth of slender, wiry, shoots, having small, narrow,
yellowish-colored leaves.

,

*It has since been ascertained that it does not occur in the elm, but that another species,
Aylesinus opaculus, had been mistaken for it.

~ 4

4

368 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum

2. The premature ripening of the fruit, which, when first attacked
may be nearly normal in size, but becomes smaller each year, with its.
surface spotted more or less, and the flesh more deeply colored around
the stone (U. S. Dept. of Agr OEE sane of the Statistician,
No. 43).

An Unrecognized Attack on Pease.

Mr. B. W. Gregory, of Liberty, Sullivan Co., N. Y., reports in a let-
ter of August 9th, 1892, the following injury to his pease:

Inclosed please find samples of peas: can you tell me what the matter

is with them? They are not attacked by birds or by fowls, for I have
watched them closely, nor have I been able to find any insect working
on them. The vines are perfectly healthy and vigorous, and are of the
Sexton’s Alpha variety. The first picking from them was about June
25th, at which time four-fifths of them were affected like the sample.

_ The ‘later pickings were less injured. I picked from the same vines

to-day and those sent [five pods] were all that I found. Other beds
in the neighborhood are affected in the same way. You will observe
that the lower end is cracked open, which is invariably the case when
I find them, and the pulp is all taken out. Whatever insect does the
work, I think does it at night. |

In the pods sent, they had split open at the lower end, but the sides
were closely adherent. From all of the pease within, the pulpy portion

had been entirely removed, leaving only the outer wall, in more or less

irregular shape.
In the absence of any knowledge of such an injury, which seemed,.
in all probability to be that of an insect, and as there was no possible

clue to the depredator, the specimens, while still fresh, were taken to-

the meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists at Roches-

ter, and shown to those present. While all concurred in the belief that:

it was an insect attack, no one could assign it to any known insect.
Mr. Gregory was requested to keep careful watch another year and
to report any discovery that he might make. |

—_—__—_

The Plum-tree Aphis and the Brown Rot.

Mr. J. W. Smith of Schoharie, N. Y., sends, June 5th, 1891, an aphis
which is badly infesting his plum trees. Nearly all of them are winged,
with a black head and thorax, a green abdomen, spotted with black,.
and yellowish legs. Plums are also sent, marked with a large ovoid
brown spot, extending over nearly one-half the length of the fruit.

he Ninru ReporT or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 369

Usually one spot only appears, but in one example three are seen.
They were accompanied with the following note:

Isend you by this mail, plum leaves covered with plant-lice, also
some plums that are affected from some cause. The trees from which
these plums were taken have been sprayed with strong soapsuds. What
can be used to spray the trees that will kill the lice and not injure the
tree and its fruit? They are becoming very thick, not only on plums,
but also on cherry and peach trees.

Mr. Smith was answered that the plant-louse infesting his plum trees,
was the plum-tree aphis, Aphis pruni Fabr. Their multiplication
could have been kept down by throwing a strong soapsuds or tobacco
water upon them, if it had been done earlier and before.they had com-
menced to acquire wings. A kerosene emulsion of a moderate strength
would have been still better. But unfortunately it is quite difficult to

reach the insects, gathered as they are on the underside of the

leaves; where they feed. They could best be reached by a
Vermorel nozzle attached to the end of a rod, and throwing an
upward fine spray. This species so seldom appears in destructive
numbers that the above report of its presence is rather a surprise. It
is probable that its numbers will show a diminution soon, although

it continues on the plum throughout the season, not migrating to.
another food-plant, as do some other species, as notably the hop-vine

aphis, Phorodon humuli — its associate during the early spring.

The affected fruit has been attacked by the fungus known as the

“brown rot,” Monilia fructigena Pers. For this, spraying with a cop-

per solution would perhaps be the best that can be done, but it is not.
probable that it would be of much benefit at this time when the fungus.
has made so great progress. It should have been done, as a preventive,

before the leaves expanded in the spring, and at intervals thereafter.
The cherry aphis (Myzus cerasi) reported, is still more difficult to.
reach. The kerosene emulsion should have been used upon it on its

first appearance, before it had multiplied to the extent of sheltering

its myriads within the curled leaves which accompany its attack, where
they are virtually inaccessible.
The peach-tree aphis, Myzus persice (Sulzer), although curling the

_ foliage to a certain extent, may be more easily reached by the kerosene

4
/

- emulsion than the preceding species. Destructive pests as are most of

the plant-lice, and of prodigious powers of multiplication, they are by

no means beyond control if operations are commenced against them
_ soon after their first appearance, or if proper sprays are applied to the

plants or trees that they infest while the foliage is absent, to kill their

eggs.

-
+

t

a

.
an

1893 47

~~

q a Pt, oot Cagle ee ae ACR
: y Sate 3 rin Fig
= ; : F
370 FoRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusrumM
The Currant Aphis, Myzus ribis (Zinn.). :

I send you with this, leaves taken from the currant bushes in my gar-

den which show the ravages of some insect which seems to be doing
considerable injury to the bushes, or rather leaves of the same, although
as yet not sufficient to prevent their bearing fruit and making consider-
able growth. I first noticed their work some weeks ago in the crumpled

appearance of the leaves— not to any great extent then, but it has —

steadily increased until the present time. I notice, too, of late, that a

small black ant is apparently attacking or feeding on the larve very —

freely on some of the bushes. : )
Will you kindly inform me what the insect is, and what is the remedy
for the same without injury to the bushes.— C, J. H.
Unadilla, N. Y., July 3, 1891.

The insect that curls the leaves and lives within the folds is the cur-
rant aphis, Myzus ribis,(Linn.), which is frequently found on currant
bushes from May to July. Insome seasons it multiplies prodigiously and
proves quite injurious, while in others it is early attacked by one of its
natural enemies, the larva of the two-spotted lady-bug, Adalia bipune-
tata, and brought under control — at times completely exterminated, as

was observed in my garden the present season. A minute hymenop-
terous parasite also frequently attacks it by depositing an egg within

its body, which in a short time consumes its interior and escapes
through a round hole made in its back. Nearly all of those which
were found upon the leaves received from you had been destroyed in
this manner, and the little parasite has apparently been rendering you
valuable service.

These plant-lice, as with most other species of the family, may be:

killed by the application of a whale-oil soap solution, er tobacco
water. As these kill by contact they must be so applied as to
reach all of them—rather a difficult matter within their shelter
of curled and crumpled leaves. A Vermorel nozzle attached to
the hose of a force pump, will be found an efficient implement for

this purpose, as, by the aid of a rod, it can be held beneath the bushes, ~
and a mist-like spray thrown upward which should readily diffuse —

itself over and within the curled foliage.
Where this apparatus is not at hand, the bushes of a small garden

may be treated by bending over the branches by hand and dipping —
and shaking them within the pail or other vessel containing the —

insecticide.

The little black ants that, you observe in association with the
aphides are not destroying them, but are giving them all the protec- —

tion in their power, even by driving away some of their predaceous

enemies that they may continue to feast upon the honey-dew which —

NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 371

the aphides give out, through the two honey-tubes that may be seen
projecting backward from the upper side of their abdomen.

Aphides and Myriapods, as Aster and Lily Pests.

A correspondent from Central New York has made inquiry of
remedies for protection from some pests attacking lilies and asters.

It is important and desirable that in all cases where information of the
kind is desired, that the insect complained of should accompany the
inquiry. It may be possible that from the few descriptive words con-
tained in an inquiry, recommendation of some general method may be
made which is available against many insects of the family; but there
are special remedies often to be employed for certain insects, and for this,
specific determination of the pest of which complaint is made, is all
important. Such positive determination might often, as in the
present instance, in its contributing to our knowledge of our insect
pests, more than compensate for the time expended in replies returned
possessing no special scientific value.

Last year my aster plants, after growing finely, became yellow and
ceased to make progress. On pulling up several, I found the roots
covered with very minute white objects, and working actively among
them were myriads of red ants. The white creatures possessed life
and motion. This spring I find the same ruinous condition about the
roots of self-sown seedling asters. What can I do?

_ My lihes suffer from the attack of small worms which eat into the
stalk below the surface. The worms are as slender as pins, half an
inch long, varying in color from white to shiny brown, with two con-
spicuous antenne, and an infinite number of legs. The lilies are some-

times cut down by them when the stalks are as big as my thumb and
full of flower-buds. Is there a method of extermination ?

The aster insect is probably a root-feeding plant-louse or aphis.
Professor Thomas has described a form living on roots of asters and the
iron-weed, and varying in color from leaden-gray to white. As this
species bears conspicuous honey-tubes, the ants associated with “the
minute white objects” may have been drawn thither to feed on the
honey-dew secreted by the aphides. Professor Thomas named the
species Aphis Middletonii n. sp.* Mr. G. W. Oestlund, in writing of |
this aphis as observed by him in Minnesota, refers to “the ants which
were always found to attend this species.” +

The root-inhabiting plant-lice may be killed by removing the ground
from over the roots until they are exposed, and drenching them with
soap-suds, tobacco water, or pyrethrum water. Hot water poured over

* Eighth Report of the Insects of Illinois, 1879, page 99.

+ Bulletin No. 4, of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. Synopsis of
the Aphidide of Minnesota, 1887, page 55. ;

372 FoRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM ah

the roots upon the ground would also kill the aphides, but care should ;
be exercised not to apply it at too high a temperature, by first experi-

menting with a single plant.

The lily pest of which complaint is made, is, without doubt, a species —

of “thousand-legged worm,” belonging, not to the
insects, but to the Myriapoda. Many of these
species are known to feed upon the roots and under-
ground portion of the stalk of various plants. Lime
water has generally been recommended for killing

“ them, as also nitrate of soda spread about the stalks

1@. 33.—Thousand- 3 a
legged worms. and water poured upon it to carry it into the

ground.—( Country Gentleman, of June 23d, 1892.)

The following notice of these insects and suggestions of remedies
for them, is from the Wew England Homestead of August 24th:

Blight in Asters——When asters blight or look yellow the trouble
is often caused by root-lice. They are of two kinds, the white and the
green. When planting, wood ashes should be raked in freely where
the plants are to stand. To kill these pests, take a watering pot hold-
ing eight quarts of water and stir in three tablespoonfuls of hellebore.
Water the plants thoroughly so that the water will soak in around the
roots. Tobacco water or kerosene oil in dilution is also good.

Kent county, R. I. WAS

Some Apple-tree Insects.

The fruit-growers of our county have learned to look to you for
counsel and advice im time of trouble. My apple orchard is infested
with more lice than all Egypt produced in the lifetime of Moses. I

send you specimens in No. 1 of the most numerous of these foul

insects.. They cover and enwrap themselves in the foliage, and eat and
destroy, as you will see on examination of what I send you. They
also nest under the loose bark of the limbs and body of the tree.

There is also a green louse, not nearly so numerous, that gathers on
a part of the apple which is covered by foliage, seemingly trying to
hide themselves from view. They do not appear to eat the apples, but
simply cluster in droves on the covered or hidden part of the fruit ——
perhaps doing no serious harm.

I inclose pieces of bark covered with lice which seem to be dead.
There are a good many of these. Are they of any special harm to the
trees; if they are, what is to be done to destroy them ?

I have suffered greatly from the bud-worm —a little brown, black-
headed worm or insect. I sprayed for these about the 12th of May
with Paris green and London purple, but I suppose that I was ten or
twelve days too late. The spraying may have affected them some, but
I think not much.

I inclose some imperfect fruit, the checked development of which is
probably caused by the lice destroying the foliage surrounding it. Is

-

there any indication in the examples sent of the workings of the cod=

? ,
a See ft

“ _.°.-"*

extremely common pest of the apple-tree. The scale is an

when deposited. These insects, minute as they are indi-

NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 373

ling-moth worm? Would you advise any more arsenical spraying? I
sprayed for the codling-moth on the 3d and 4th of the present month,
and again on the 15th.

I suppose that all these fruit enemies have their period of active
work, after which they retire for the season. Is there anything at this
_ late day to be done that will be of benefit for this year ? Kindly: suggest
~ anything that will promise to give relief. I have about a third of a
crop of apples at the present showing, some of which are very fine and
healthy looking.— N. M. R., Oswego, N. Y., June 29th.

The apple twigs sent show an unusually severe attack of the apple-
tree aphis, Aphis mali Fabr.. which is present in the different
stages of its growth. The curled and blighted condition of the leaves
and much of the dwarfed and distorted forms of the fruit, shown in
No. 1 package, is the result of the operations of this pest.

The green lice represented as clustering on the fruit where it is cov-
ered by the foliage are probably the young of the same insect — none
being on the fruit when received, and no other similar species being
found on the twigs. I do not know that the apple aphis ever punctures
the young apple to feed upon it; nor do I know that it ever clusters
under the loose bark of the limbs and trunk of the tree.

The multiplication of this plant-louse to any approach to that now
shown might have been prevented by a few sprayings with the kero-
sene emulsion when it first appeared; and it is not too late now to
derive some benefit from this treatment.

The “pieces of bark covered with lice” show the peculiar oyster-shell
scale of the apple-tree bark-louse, Mytilaspis pomorum (Bouché) —an

excretion from the insect proper which covers the eggs

vidually, but making up in their incredible numbers, are
always injurious to the tree, robbing it of its vitality
through the draught made upon its sap, and thus predis-
posing it to other insect attacks. They can best be
destroyed by spraying them, at the time when the young are fF
hatching from beneath the scale, with a strong kerosene
emulsion. (See Hourth Report on the Insects of New York,
pp. 114-120.)

The bud-worm, Zimetocera ocellana (Schiff.), has wrought
severe injury in the orchards of Western New York this
season — greater by far than known before. It should be
controllable by arsenical spraying, but, to make this ria.34—Scales
effective, it must be resorted to early, when the cater pillar he ae
commences to feed upon the leaf buds. Later, it is off rmaspts PoKo-

little service. The life-history of this insect has been*™”™

374 Forry-sixtu Report on THE SvATE MUSEUM =

published, but we believe has not been altogether correctly given.* |

Further study will undoubtedly show some simple and effective method
for preventing its destruction of the buds and blossoms and twigs.

In addition to the injury to the fruit, as stated above, by the large
amount of sap drawn from the leaves and twigs by the myriads of
plant-lice, a portion of it has been scarred by the burrowing into it of
a “case-worm”—a species of Coleophora, which is being studied at

present.t The small caterpillar projects its front segments from its
case, and eats round holes into the apples to a moderate depth and of

about the diameter of a large-sized pin. Several of the apples have
been excavated or deeply pitted by a larger caterpillar — one of the
“leaf-rollers,” and probably Cocecia argyrospila (Walker), which is

known to inflict similar injury to pears. The remedy for these two.
insects would be arsenical spraying. None of the fruit shows the

presence of the apple-worm of the codling-moth. The timely spray-
ing with Paris green seems to have prevented it.

_ During the coming month of July, most of the more destructive
apple pests will have passed away, and the insects occurring then and.

later would be more effectively reached by a kerosene emulsion than.

with Paris green. The number of the sprayings during the spring and —
early summer should be governed by observation of the species of

nsects operating, and the amount of harm that they are inflicting.

Beet Insects.

The following inquiry in regard to serious injury to beets in the
vicinity of Rochester, N. Y., was answered, as_ below, through the

Country Gentleman of July Leth, 1891:

I send beet plants, and would be greatly obliged if information can
be given as to what the insect is that has been affecting not only the
market- gardener’s sale of greens for the past three years, but also the

subsequent growth of the beets.— J. H.

There is no one insect that is answerable for the recent injury to the

beet crop mentioned above. The increased cultivation of the beet in

our country, as encouraged by the beet-sugar industry, has added.

*It has subsequently been fully worked out by Mr. M. V. Slingerland, and published in:
Bulletin 60, March, 1893, of Cornell University Experiment Station.

+The insect has since been described by Prof. Fernald as Coleophora Fletcherella. See:
Canadian Entomologist, xxiv, 1892, p. 122.

}

‘ .

NintH REPORT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 375

largely to the number of its attacking insects, and at present the list of
its known depredators embraces sixty-four different species. —

The beet plants submitted for examination, show the operations of
several distinct species. ‘The principal of these seems to be a plant-bug
which punctures with its beak the leaf or stem for sucking its juices,*
and leaves an unsightly deadened spot and scar. On one of the leaves
a hundred of these spots may be counted. Many of these are probably
caused by that great pest of our gardens and orchards, the tarnished
plant-bug, ZLygus pratensis (Linn.). A number of these operating
together upon the plant would not only mar the leaves in this manner,
and render them undesirable for “ greens,” but would also tend to arrest
the growth and development of the beet itself.

In some of the plants, irregular holes have been eaten in the leaves,
which may have been by one of the several species of flea-beetles which
are known to operate upon the beet in this manner. One of the most
injurious of these is the ‘“ pale-colored flea-beetle,” Systena blanda
(Melsh.), while another is the very common “ striped flea-beetle,” Phy/-
lotreta vittata (Fabr.), sometimes known as the turnip flea-beetle from
its special fondness for this plant, although almost equally injurious to
the radish and other of the Crucifere.

On a few of the leaves transparent spots were observed, which are
probably the c mmencement of the attack of one of the beet-leaf mining-
flies. This ordinarily commences about the middle of June, and it soon
increases to such an extent that the leaves can no longer be used on the
table for “ greens.” On holding them up to the light—within large semi-
transpar-nt blotches, a goodly-sized larva or “maggot,” as commonly
termed, may be seen industriously cutting out and feeding upon the

_ inner material (parenchyma) of the leaf. The growth of these larve is

completed during the latter part of July, when they creep out from the
leaves and enter the ground for pupation. Early in August the pupe
give out the perfect insect, which is a fly, somewhat resembling the
common house-fly, but of a smaller size, and quite nearly allied to the
onion-fly. For an account of these beet-leaf miners, of which three dis-
tinct species are known to me, my First Report on the Insects of New
York, 1883, pp. 205-211, may be referred to.

The best protection from the injuries of the insects above noticed is
probably to be found in the application to the plants at the proper time
of kerosene emulsion. The proper time would be when the insects first
make their appearance, as the emulsion does not drive away, but kills

by contact. If made of the usual strength recommended — one part of

kerosene to fifteen of water — it would not interfere with the use of the

*See G. C. Davis, in Bulletin 102, of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, 1893, p. 6.

a
b

mn ; “ Y
ORY s a
| f ep! vas Y. ig ee et oh)
376 FortyY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE Sram Moanva

leaves for the table after rains had washed the foliage. The emulsion

would also kill the eggs of the leaf-miners which are deposited on ‘the | .

upper surface of the leaves.

No attack upon the beet itself (root-bulb) could be discovered, either

of insect or of the nematode worms which are infesting the roots of so
many of our vegetables and garden plants. Most of the beets seemed
unusually small, but their dwarfing, if really such, may have resulted
from impaired leafage or soil condition.

An interesting and valuable paper on the “Insect Enemies of the
Sugar Beet ” has lately been published by Mr. Lawrence Bruner, Ento-

mologist of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, and con- —

tained in Bulletin 16, vol. iv, of the Station. For copies, the Station
might be addressed, at Lincoln, Neb.

Diseased Austrian Pines.

The following communications relate to a diseased condition of Aus--

trian pines and some other evergreens, which is not confined to the two
localities indicated, but occurs elsewhere in the State,— perhaps more
panicularly in its southeastern portion :

Dear Sir.—Isend you twigs of Austrian and California pines from
trees in this place, showing disease, and beg the favor of information
and advice either written or printed. This place is the estate of the
late Colonel Howland, who was treasurer of the State in 1866. The
ornamental or planted part is about 60 acres, and the trees were all
carefully chosen and planted duri:g the war, and have made excellent
vigorous growth for thirty years. White pines and others have been
struggling with disease for several years, and now are dying by’ ones
and twos. But perhaps something may be done to save the others.
The California (Bentham) pine has looked brownish for two years.
The Austrians seem a case of sudden decay. The foliage of a whole
group looks curled and dry, and boughs here and there turn brown,
then yellow, and are dead. On supposition that it is caused by insect
attack, I venture to address your office. A. M. W.

Martrreawan, Durcusss Co., N. Y.

Dear Sir.—I send you by mail a specimen branch of an Austrian
pine (Pinus Austriaca) showing the manner in which several of my
finest trees are affected. I can not find the trace of any insect, and I
would thank you if you are able to give me any explanation of the

‘

‘i

ee eee ae Lee ee

Nf

_

Ninte Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 377

‘eause and a cure for the attack. I have among the same group of

trees white pine, balsam fir, red cedar, ecenes pine and Norway spruce,

none of which are affected. A. F.
Mastic, Moricuss P. O., N. Y.

The twigs, of which an ample number were sent with the first com-
munication (received about the middle of September) did not at the
first glance show serious injury. Upon closer examination, however,
the tips of many of the leaves were found to be dead, shriveled, and
brown. A large number were marked with small brown spots, which in
some instances showed a depression or seeming puncture, while a few
of the leaves were brown and dead for most of theirextent. At the
end of the twigs among the bases of the leaves, pitch had exuded to
an extent, presenting the appearance of an inflorescence, and clearly
indicating some abnormal state.

As the cause of the condition was not apparent on a cursory inspec-
tion, a careful microscopic examination was made in order to detect, if
present, the suspected attack of some gall-mite, of the family of Phytop-
tide — such as are being found to infest many of our trees, both decidu-
ous and evergreen, in their buds and leaves — one of which was noticed
in the Country Gentleman of October 2d, under the heading of the
“Pear Leaf Blister.” None could be found, nor any indication, through
extivie or eggs, of their previous occurrence. A few quite small
insects of a different group were seen ruaning rapidly over the leaves,
but no part of the injury could be charged uponthem. Several exam-
ples of a minute, black, shining thrips were detected upon the leaves
and within the basal sheaths, but these, also, were at least harmless,
and may possibly have been beneficial, as many of the species are
believed to be of carnivorous habits. A few examples of a white scale-
insect, Chionaspis pinifolie (Fitch), occurred upon the leaves, but
their number was by far too small to have occasioned any serious
maryt”.

In the inability to detect insect injury, the twigs were submitted to

“the State Botanist, Prof. Peck, for examination for fungus attack.

The brown spots and browned tips were carefully examined under a
high power, but no fungoid injury could be discovered, except in the
dead tips received from Mastic. In these, however, the fungus
observed had evidently followed their death, and could not have been
its cause. | .

*This pernicious scale has for some time been present in immense numbers on the Austrian
pines in Washington Park, Albany, overspreading and whitening the surface of the leaves, and
-causing the death of a number of the trees, and a greatly impaired condition of others. On the
*worse infested trees from 100 to 200 scales could be counted on a single leaf.

1893. 48

378 FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM
'

It would seem, therefore, that the unhealthful and diseased condition:

of the evergreens is owing to some unfavorable soil condition or atmos-
pheric influence, akin to, or possibly identical with, those that are
affecting fruit trees (to an unusual extent this year), where the blossoms.
or leaves blight or die and are cast from the tree, and the fruit, if any,
also falls. While many of the diseases infesting our trees are clearly
traceable to fungus attack or bacterial presence, for others no satisfac-
tory reason can be assigned. Among these is one which has lately

been brought to my notice, as causing the death of the white pines

on Beede mountain, near Keene valley, in the Adirondacks, <A local
name for the disease is “ ring-rot,” but why it should have been so called:
is not obvious. From account received from Forest Warden Parker,
through Secretary Train of the Foret Commission, the attack is first.
to be seen in discoloration of the inner bark, arrest of circulation
beneath it, and consequent death of the wood adjacent. It may occur
on any portion of the trunk or limbs. The wood thus killed becomes
brittle, valueless for working, and all that can be done is to fell the
tree and convert it into lumber upon the first indication of the disease,
and before it has spread.

It is not at all improbable that the affection of the evergreens in
Southern New York, above noticed, is due to soil conditions. The
Austrian and Californian pines might naturally be expected to respond
more quickly to any unfavorable surroundings than would our native
species. While the cause of this difficulty is for the present unknown,
it would be well to make the experiment of applying fertilizers to the
trees, in the hope that some exhausted or lacking material might be

restored or given to the soil, or growth and vitality so stimulated that —

the disease or the attack, whatever it may be, may the better be resisted
and overcome.

The State Botanist suggests that a liberal application of hard-wood
ashes, would, under the apparent conditions, give promise of the best
results.— Cuuntry Gentleman, for October 16, 1890.

Nore.— Mr. William F. Fox, Superintendent of State Forests, has informed me of another
form of “ring-rot’’ in the white pine long known to him, in which a decay within the trunk
occurs, usually midway between the sapwood and center, and encircling the heart as a cylinder
of decayed material extending from the base upward for fifteen feet or more.

:
ot lh cahtiagd

page we BND dy KX,

(A)
CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN HOMOPTERA OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK IN 1851.

The following paper by Dr. Asa Fitch, was published in the Fourth
Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New
York on the State Cabinet of Natural History, 1851. Its scope is
stated in the note by the author that precedes it. From the large
number of original descriptions that it contains, viz., of eighty species
and six genera, it has been a desideratum to many students working
in this suborder, which, from the report having long been out of print,
could only be supplied through the labor of transcription.

In this reprint, it is designed to reproduce the paper in its original
form, litteratum et punctuatum, with the exception of the introduction
in the text of the small reference figures, indicating corrections in the
names, or notes thereon given in supplementary pages. The paging of
the Fourth Report is retained in the catalogue, in brackets.

In compliance with request, Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of the Grosvenor
Library, Buffalo, N. Y., has kindly made revision of the nomen-
clature of the Catalogue as far as the Psyllide, and indicated such
changes therein as are accepted at the present time. The remainder of
the catalogue, comprising the Psyllide, Aphidide, and Coccide, has
been revised and annotated by Dr. C. V. Riley. The names in the

catalogue unaccompanied with the reference figures are unchanged.

The case of Homoptera, arranged by Dr. Fitch, to accompany and
illustrate the catalogue—each specimen indicated by name and
number cut from the catalogue — was placed in the collections of the
New York State Cabinet of Natural History in 1850. During ensuing
years it became infested with Anthrenus and other museum pests, and
_anumber of the specimens were destroyed.. In 1879, those that had
escaped destruction were removed and arranged with the original labels
in a new case, which has since been in charge of the State Entomologist
in his office in the capitol. A slip attached to the case states that it con-
{ains the rypxs of fifty-four species and five subspecies described in the
catalogue. The Psyllide were all destroyed ; of some of the Aphidide
portions are remaining. In the other families, the structural features
remain for comparison, but the colors have become so seriously
impaired that they would be almost valueless for study.

1
;
/
-
:
ee
vad “
S
~~
he >

1;

soap a

_ CATALOGUE

WITH REFERENCES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF THE

‘Sao aM

ti Ane ~COLLEOTED AND ARRANGED FOR THE
wd i ae ? i

A ‘

: - State Cabinet of Aatural History,

-
j

BY ASA FILCH M.D.

The following paper comprise all the New York Insects a t the sub-order Homoptera know y

Se

- The species and genera that are here pean as new, are indicated a an 1 asterisk beer fe!

- the scientific name, and a brief ay aa of these, embracing their essential characters, i i

4 teed h

,

us

Reid, ° i

eee ed pe

_ In the generic arrangement of these insects, Amyot and Serville’s Hist. Nat. des. Ins. Hemip. 2

(oa ae
FOE

A aT ; ey Paris, 1843, and Westwood’s Synopsis of British Genera, have been my chief guides. An

e i
2 ;

acknowledgment i is due to the Rev. D. Zeigler, of York, Pa., for a copy of Germar’s paper om
the genera Clastoptera, &c., in the Zeitschrift f.d. Hntom.; and to Dr. T. W. Harris, of Harvard

ys who has been so kind as to place temporarily in my hands his entire collection of be 4
‘Homoptera, including the several species named in his Catalogue, and also those magazines. .
and other publications which contain all the more important papers of Germar, Spinola and .
_ Fallen upon this order of insects. I regret that these latter favors were not received in ‘Season af

for me to avail myself of them in preparing the following paper, though it is not probable they
‘would vary it in any important point from the shape in which it is here presented. .
Albany, Ree 22d, 1851. os

Nile S:.

FAMILY CICADID A.

CICADA. LINN.

1Frosrep Cicapa, C. pruinosa, (Say) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci, vol.
_ly., p. 3830. The specimen was taken near the east end of Long
Island. No. 609, male.

Doe-Day Crcapa, C. canicularis, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 175. No. 610
male; 611, female.

CreEvicep Cicapa, C. rimosa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi.
235. ‘Two specimens were taken in Washington county the
middle of June, 1845. As these are the only ones I have ever
met with, I am led to suspect that, like the following, this
species may be periodical in the time of its appearance. No,
612, female. | |

* SEVENTEEN-YEAR Locvst, C. septendecim, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. li.
708. No. 618, male.

FAMILY FULGORID.

CIXIUS. Lat.

Sriema-spotTeD Cr1xius, C. stigmatus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
iv. 8386. On various trees and shrubs. No. 614, male; 615
female.

Prive Crxtus, *C. pini. Elytra with a few fulvous, cloud-like spots;
destitute of a larger black stigma and black band at the base.
Length to the tip of the elytra, 0.23, (twenty-three hundredths
of an inch.) Found on spruce, fir, and pine. Smaller than
the preceding, and evidently distinct. No. 616, male; 617,
female,
1893. 49

Wie Be ta
Per * Fi ec f 4
$35: Ae has) Say
- a .
Rg op
* a ‘
a baie 3 ek

iS. bir RS 64

386 Forry-srxra Report on THe State Museum [46] _

-4IupunctaTE Crxius, *C. impunctatus. White, dorsum yellow; |
two bands on the front, two dots on the vertex, and two on
the prothorax, black; elytra brownish-pellucid, immaculate,
nerves impunctate. Length, 0:23. Found on oaks. No. 618,
male, . . |

Var. a. The whole upper half of the face black. No. 619,

male,

“S FIVE-LINED Crxius, C. quinquelineatus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vi. 241. No. 620, female.

DELPHAX. Fas. . .
’FietD Der.pHax, *D. arvensis. Pallid-yellow, immaculate; elytra —
and wings pellucid. Length 0-17. Common in fields of

wheat early in June. No. 622, male; 623, female.

‘7 DoRSAL-sTRIPED DELpHax, *J). dorsalis. Dull yellow, dorsal vitta
white; elytra dusky, middle apical nerve and a small dot on
the tips of the outer apical nerves black; facial carinz white,
interstices black; tergum black, with a dorsal and lateral vitta
orange red; legs pale yellow, striate with black. Length,

0-20. No. 621, male.

OTIOCERUS. KIRBY.

DrcGeEeErR’s Otiocerus, O. degeerii, (Kirby.) Trans. Linn. Soc., xiii.
16. On various trees. No. 624, male; 625, female.

CoguEBERT’s OTiocERUs, O. coquebertii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soe. xiii.
18. Sometimes abundant on grape vines; also on beech and

oak trees. No. 626, male; 627, female.
Var. a. The elytral vitta dividing into three branches, —

No. 628. 4

b. The vitta not prolonged upon the sides of the —

thorax. No. 629. el

q

Wotr’s Ortocrrus, O. wolfii, (Kirby.)- Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 19. Taken —

/ on walnut bushes. No. 630, male.
Asgot’s OttoceRus, O. abbotii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 17. 4

4

-

Taken on oaks. No. 631, male; 632, female.

faint brownish band from the middle of the inner to the apex
of the outer margin, and spot on the apex of the inner margin. ~
Length, 0°42, to the tip of the elytra. Found on oaks. No. —

633, male; 634, female.

Kirpy’s Otrocerus, * 0. kirbyii. White; elytra without dots, with a j
4

[47] NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST 387

ANOTIA. KIRBy.

Bowyer’s Anotia, A. bonnetii, (Kirby.) Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii. 21.
On willows, about the middle of September. No: 635, male;
636, female,
PCiCILOPTERA. Lat.
*Frostep PacitorTErRa, P. pruinosa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vi. 237. No. 687, male; 638, female.

*Common PascitoprerA, *P. (?) vulgaris. Blackish-pruinose; elytra

with a transverse row of pellucid-white points beyond the mid-
dle; legs pallid, femurs blackish; ventral segments edged with
orange; medial carina sometimes obsolete. Seems more allied
to this than any other genus, though the simple neuration of
its elytra, and some other marks, present discrepancies to this
association. Length, 0.20. Common on various shrubs and
trees. No. 639, males; 640, female.

FAMILY MEMBRACID A.
ENCHOPHYLLUM. Amy. and SERV.

* Two-spottep HEncuopuytium, &. binotatum, (Say.) Appendix
to Long’s Exped., p. 301. Common on numerous plants and
trees. No. 641, male; 642, female.

Var. a. Color brown. No. 643.

! BRoap-FooTED Encnopuyiium, /. latipes, (Say.) App. to Long’s
Exp., p. 302. No. 644, female.

ENTILIA. GERMAR.

Norcn-sackep Entinia, EZ. sinwata, (Fab.) Entom. Syst. Suppl.,
p- 513. No. 645, male; 646, female.
Sub-species *torva. Front somewhat concave, causing the
anterior foliole to incline phen forward. No. 647.

“Hottow-BackepD Evrinima, E. concava, (Say.) Ata to Long’s
Exp., p. 301. That part of the generic definition which repre-
sents the thorax as “‘ foliaceous and deeply notched ” does not
apply to this species. In all other respects this is so closely
related to the preceding as’ scarcely to call for a generic sepa-
ration. Both species occur on various herbs and trees, par-
ticularly on the Canada thistle, where the larve are, like
plant-lice, attended by ants, which protect .them and subsist
upon their saccharine secretions. No. 648, male; 649, female.

- EEE aL ee ee
‘ me bi X ( seh ieee ¥ oa ed
388 Forry-sixru Reporr on rae State Museum eer
mw bal te 3 My * }
8 *CARYNOTA. : Pa ot
(Gr. xaoa, roundish, vwzos, the back.) Head broad, triangular; thorax va
in form of a half cone, not compressed above into a sharp or foliaceous
edge; elytra with five terminal cells, the apical triangular with itsend
rounded; border broad, slightly wrinkled; nerves strong, elevated.
Allied to Gargara, from which genus, however, our species are excluded — ;
by the form of the head and of the apical cellule.
Bourrernut Carynora, C. mera, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 301.
On the butternut. No. 650, female.
“Oak, OR ARCH-STRIPED CarynoTa, C. arquata, (Say.). Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 302. On different species of oaks. No. |
651, female; 652, male (?)
SMILIA. GERMAR. :
*® UnaporneD Smita, S. inornata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
vi. 299. Common on oaks, chestnut, hiékory, &c. No. 653,
male (?); 654, female.
Var. a. Edge of the keel not fuscous-black. No. 655.
Unarmed Sminia, S. inermis, (Fab.) Ent. Syst., iv. 15. On
oaks. No. 656, male; 657, female. ae
| |
'V-marKep Smiiia, S. vau, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi 299.
Abundant, particularly upon the white oak. No. 658, female.
Fr
; ?
Var. a. Elytra fuliginous throughout. No. 659. :
6. Elytra hyaline throughout. No, 660. j
ce. The thoracic bands margined with black. No.661. —
d. Front tinged with sanguineous. No. 662. j

e. Head white. No. 663.

f. Head white, with sparse large black punctures.
No. 664, |

g. Posterior thoracic band obsolete. No. 665.

h. Bands obsolete; a fulvous spot above each eye. —
No. 666.

i. White; apex of the thorax and a spot above each
eye fulvous. No. 667.

j. Apex of the thorax white. No. 668.

[49] Ninrx Report or rue Stare EnroMoxocist. 389

*® CHESTNUT Smita, *S. castanew. Fuscous, more or less green when
recent; head, anterior edges of thorax and all beneath, bright
yellow; elytra hyaline with an apical and large longitudinal
basal spot, fuscous. Length, male 0-25, female 0-30. Com-
mon on the chestnut. No. 669, male; 670, female.

Var. a. Face with scattered fuscous dots. No. 671.

“Oak Smita, *S. quercit. Black, with an abbreviated bright yel-
low dorsal vitta, which is commonly interrupted near its tip;
legs pale yellow. Length,0-22. On oaks. No. 672, male.

Var. a. Dorsal vitta not interrupted. No. 673.

Srripep Suri, VS. vittata, (Amyot and Serv.) Hemipt. p 539. Com-
mon on the red and black oak. No. 674, female.
Subsp. *gwttata. The oblique stripe replaced by a few
greenish spots or dots. No. 675.

%° Harep Samir, *S. auriculata. Bright green, when faded mottled
with yellow, immaculate; humeral angles somewhat salient,
rounded; keel evenly rounded, much elevated, anteriorly
advanced and overhanging the head; elytra scarcely exceed-
ing the tip of the thorax. Length, from the front 0°35, from
the anterior end of the keel 0.40; height 0:23. On oaks.
Rare. No. 676, male.

21% CYRTOISA.[t]

(Gr. zoptos, curved, hump-backed.) Humeral angles rounded, not
salient; dorsum compressed-foliaceous, forming a regularly arched keel
highest near its middle, and at most with a slight concavity posteriorly;
apical cellule triangular, its end rounded. Differs from Smilia in hav-
ing the keel most elevated in its middle instead of anteriorly.

*“Marsiep Cyrtosia, C. marmorata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vi. 801. On oaks. No. 677, female.

_ *% Winpowrep Cyrrtosia, *C. fenestrata. Yellow marbled with
rufous; a pellucid spot behind the summit of the keel and a
smaller one half way to the apex; an oblique yellow vitta
below the anterior spot, margined with fuscous or sanguineous;

| tip of the thorax reaching beyond the terminal cells of the

| elytra. Male black, the pellucid spots almost obsolete and

(+t Error for Cyrtos1A.]

MR

390 forry-sixtH REPoRT on THE STATE Museum [50]

the yellow vitta replaced by a few yellow dots. Length 0-25.

On oaks. No. 678, male; 678 (bis) female. — Me
yer

CERESA. Amy. and SERV.

Two-HorvED Crrssa, C. diceros, (Say.) App. to Long’s Exp., p. 299.
Occurs like the following, on various trees and shrubs. No.

679, female. , *

Bourrato Cerszsa, C. bubalus, (Fab.) Ent. Syst., iv. 14. No. 680, |
male; 681, female.
Var. a. Sides of the thorax mottled with fuscous. No. 682.
6. Under side black-brown. No. 683. .

24% THELAMONA.

(From Telamones, a synonym of Atlantes, in allusion to the enor-
mous backs of these insects.) Humeral angles projecting, pointed and
ear-like: dorsum compressed-foliaceous, the keel abruptly elevated at
one or both its ends, forming a somewhat square crest or foliole: thorax
nearly or quite reaching the tips of the elytra, with elevated longitudi-
nal lines on each side: apical cellule triangular, its end rounded. The
squarish dorsal crest forms a marked distinction between the genus

here proposed, and that of Thelia, to which it is most nearly related.

°3QNE-COLORED TrELAMona, *Z unicolor. Yellow, immaculate,
apex of the thorax tinged with fuscous; summit and angles
of the crest rounded. Length 0°45, height 0°25. No. 684,

female.

Banprp Teiamona, *7. fasciata. Yellow; thorax anteriorly and at
its apex, and an oblique band crossing the posterior part of
the crest fuscous; head and anterior margin of the thorax
yellow, with numerous black punctures and a black dot above
each eye; crest longer at its base than above, anterior end
more concave than the posterior, angles rounded. Length
0:38, height 0°20. Found on walnut trees. No. 685, female.

Hoitow-crustep TrLamona, *7. concava. Brown; a large spot on
each side and a transverse band behind the crest, yellow, with

sinuous black margins, the spot traversed by an interrupted |

> 5

=.

ay Ge

>

Skt “Bonn neagaaaaass a

; ti

\

— [51] NintH Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 391
rh : 7

flexuous black line; summit of the crest slightly concave pos-.
teriorly, with a small yellow spot; crest contracted at its base:
before and more strongly behind, its posterior angle rectangu-:
lar, its anterior rounded and more elevated. Length 0-42,
height, 0-22. No. 686, female.

Brrcu Trramona, *7. fagi. Black, varied with obscure cinereous;

anterior half of the crest double the height of the posterior half,.
and elevated from it perpendicularly. Length 0:40. Taken.
on beech trees. No. 687, male.

W oopsinE Tevamona, 7: ampelopsidis, (Harris.) Inj. Ins. p. 180. On:

the woodbine. No. 688, female.

“Sap Treiamona, *7Z! tristis. Fuscous mottled with pallid; crest.

with a white line on its posterior base and one or two small
pellucid spots in its upper edge; three black dots over each
eye; posterior angle of the crest nearly rectangular and almost.
us high as the anterior, the upper edge nearly straight.
Length 0-35. Found on bushes of hazlenut, &c. No. 689,.
female.

Hazetnut Tevamona, *7. coryli. Pale dull yellow; an abbreviated

band occupying the anterior end of the crest, a curved and
fuscous-margined band crossing its posterior end, and the
apex of the thorax, ferruginous; form of the crest similar to
that of tistis, Length 0:32. Taken on hazelnut bushes.
No, 690, female.

**Oax TrLamona, *7. querci. Green, freckled with yellow, fading

to dull yellow punctured with black; crest with a pale yellow
vitta on its posterior edge; angles of the crest rounded, the
anterior much higher than the posterior. Length 0:40. On
different species of oak. No. 691, male; 692, female.

ReciivaTe TrELamona, *7! reclivata. Greenish white; a sub-inter-

rupted band crossing the back part of the crest, a stripe at
its posterior base and the apex of the thorax brownish black;
anterior end of the crest strongly inclined backwards, rec-
tilinear. Length 0°35. On oaks and chestnut. No. 693,
female.

tags “a y . Pry, - a wae eet Mee & bet Pie ~~. Ca Lee aS var
' ne ae cs ae : * ANN i ap : sae v he
3 SY, ;

392 Forry-sixta Report on THE Stare Museum [.

THELIA, Amy. and Serv. vo oe 4
T wo-sPorreD Turia, 7. bimaculata, (Fab.) Entom. Syst. iv. ind. |
Occurs on the locust. No. 694, male. eee

SINGLE-STRIPED THELIA, 7. univittata, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 180. On 5
oaks. No. 695, male; 696, female. |

‘Tuorn-pusu Tara, *7. crategi. Fuscous varied with black and )

white; thorax with two broad white bands margined with
black, the anterior narrowed on the front and notched oneach
side at the base of the foliole. Length, 0:34; height, 0-13; to —
the apex of the foliole, 0:26. On the thorn. No. 697,
female.

é TRAGOPA. GERM.

* DorsaL TraGopa, *Z. dorsalis. Greenish-white, polished; elytra
hyaline; occiput, pectus, and large dorsal spot sending a
branch towards each eye, black. Males black, with the face,
apex of the thorax, the abdomen and feet greenish-white.
Length, 0-20. On grape vines. No. 698, male; 699,
female.

UROXIPHUS. Amy. and Serv.

* 'Watnut Uroxireuus, U. carye. Dull brown; elytra towards
the apex obscure-cinereous; abdomen and annulus on the tibiz
pale yellowish; sternum pruinose-white. Length, male, 0°30;
female, 0:37. On the walnut and pig-nut. No. 700, male;
701, female.

Var. a, Femurs rufous, tibz and base of the hind tarsi pale
yellow. No. 702.

FAMILY CERCOPID 4.

APHROPHORA. GERM.

Four-spoTtrEp APHROPHORA, A. guadrinotata, (Say.) Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vi. 304. Taken on grape vines. No. 703, male;

704, female.
Vara. Elytra nearly hyaline. No. 705.

, Met a” t , re “ae sa “ ai: Pa _4 AS a bo el
v i ‘y 7 f a
i ‘ *, }
[53] NintH REPORT OF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST. 393

LEPYRONIA. Amy. and SERV.

Four-cORNERED LepyroniA, LZ. gquadrangularis, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., iv. 335. Common in autumn and spring in groves of the
sugar-maple, where numbers may often be met with, drowned
in the vessels of sap. No. 706, male; 707, female.

31 PARALLEL-MARKED Lepyronia, LZ. parallella, (Say.) App. to
Long’s Exp., p. 303. Common on the white pine. No. 708,
male; 709, female.

*Saratoca Lepyrronia, *Z. saratogensis. Pale fulvous varied with
white; anterior and posterior margins of the vertex parallel.

Closely related to parallella, but that has the vertex cres-.
centiform, is much darker colored, and is confluently nigro-

punctate. Here the punctures are uncolored. Length, 0.40.

Common on the pitch pines of Saratoga plains and is some-

times met with on the white pine also. No. 710, male; 711.

: female.
' War. a. Dorsal vitta obsolete; elytra pellucid-white. No»
712. ,

CLASTOPTERA. GERM.

Ostuse CxiastorTera, C. obtusa, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv.
339. If this is not the C. achatina, Germ., that species is
unknown tome. No. 713, male; 714, female.

Txstacrous CiasTorTERA, *C. testacea, Testaceous; scutel rufous;
elytra with a polished callous-like black dot near the apex.
Length, 0.20. Found on oaks and pines. No. 715, female.

Var. a. A black callous-like dot on each side of the pectus.
No. 716.
6. Pectoral dots present, elytral dots wanting. No,
hha
c. The black dots wanting, both on the elytra and
pectus. No. 718.

* Pink CriasTurTEra, *C. pini. Black; head yellow, with a black
band on the anterior margin of the vertex; thorax with a
yellow band anteriorly; elytra with a broad hyaline outer

1893 50

De RI Va San Oh | SRE, 6) Ca aT a Red ere
7 dt we ake Nye ae i
LOY Mane tert , a
ie i . el ~ =
FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Musrum

margin interrupted in the middle, and a black callous dot near % 7

the apex. Length, 0-14. Found chiefly on pines. No. 719,

male. .
Var. a. A ferruginous dot on the apex of the scutel.2 No.
720. :

b. The yellow thoracic band widely interrupted. No-

(Cale

Proteus CLasToprera, *U. proteus. Head bright yellow, a black

band on the anterior margin of the vertex and a broader one

on the front; front polished, without transverse striz; a.

callous black dot near the apex of the elytra; legs yellowish-
white, tarsi black. Length, 0-16; males slightly smaller..
Abundant on the panicled dog-wood, (Cornus paniculata).
Closely allied to the C. atra (Germar,) but on examining a
host of specimens, not one occurs in which the legs are
annulated with black or fuscous. No. 722, female.

This pretty insect, though so small in size, presents an astonishing
number of sub-species and varieties, so clearly and distinctly marked
that at first glance they would be confidently regarded as well charac-
terized species. The following are the more “prominent, though by no.
means all, of the varieties that occur:

Sub-sp. 1. flavicollis. Thorax entirely yellow.
Var. a. Elytra yellow. No. 723.
b. Elytra with an oblique blackish vitta. No. 724.
Sub-sp. cincticollis. Thorax with a black band. |
Var. a. An interrupted black band on the anterior margin
of the thorax. No. 725.
6. An entire black band on the anterior margin of the
thorax. No. 726.
c. Thoracic band crossing the disk instead of the
anterior margin. No, 727.
d. Band on the disk of the thorax, and scutel black.
No. 728.
Sub-sp. maculicollis, Thorax with one or two discoidal
spots. .
Var. a. A black spot on the disk and interrupted band
anteriorly. No. 729.

a

4

sais

ue Cae * Ts nr; a: 7 ae , %. 4 ‘<
1 BR Nan DS «cy MO Ad Barna tae ea Tag

-

[55] Ninte Repor?T or tHe STatTe ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

b. A black spot on the disk and anterior band entire.
No. 730.
ce. Two black spots on the disk of the thorax.
No. 731. |
Sub-sp. nigricollis. Thorax black, with a yellow band
forward of the disk.
Var. a. The black band on the anterior margin of the
thorax interrupted. No. 733.
b. The band continuous. No. 734.
c. Seutel black, with a yellow dot at its base.
No. 735.
d. Scutel entirely black. No. 736.

FAMILY TETTIGONIIDA.

TETTIGONIA. GEOFF.

Forxk-strirepD Trrriconia, 7. bifida, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,.
vi. 313. On grass in meadows. No. 737, male; 738, female.
Var. a. The usual three white dots in the black frontal
spot confluent, forming a lunule. No. 739.
b. Two white dots only on the front. No. 740.
e. The orange color on the sides of the front replaced.
by black. No. 741. 3

THREE-DOTTED TeETrTiconia, *7. tripunctata. White; vertex with two
black dots on the disk and a third on the apex ; thorax with
two pale brown bands ; elytra pellucid-white, the longitudinal
nervures brown, except at their tips; head longer and more
pointed than in the preceding species. Length, 0-20. Taken
on dog-wood. No. 742, male.

PROCONIA. LEPEL. and SERV.

*“ Four-stRIPED Proconia, P. quadrivittata, (Say.) Jour. Acad.
~ Nat. Sci., vi. 312. In having the vertex flattened, this and
the succeeding species are widely separated from the two
foregoing.» Common, on various shrubs. No. 743, male; 744,

female.

|

¥ RAN Nf { % << e Bia. dig ae Siig ft na. : sa “ah “ ye eyes net, ee kane: Res deine ® vet
"J oat : t 8, ee eh (at LG .

396 FortyY-SIxTH Report on THE Stare Museum [56],

Var. a. Spots on the thorax sanguineous. No. 745.
6. Thorax with two black spots at its base. No. 746.

c. Thorax margined with black at its base. No. 747.
d. Disk and base of thorax green, immaculate. No.

748,
e. Thorax with a green mark shaped like a trident,
based on its posterior margin. No. 749. a

AULACIZES. Amy, and SERV.

* 'TENDER-FOOTED AvuLacizEs, A. mollipes, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.

a)

Sci., vi. 312. Common on the grass of meadows and Be

tures. No. 750, male; 751, female.

* New York Avtacizes, *A. noveboracensis. Yellow; elytra and
large spot at the base of the thorax, olive-green; no black
vitta on the sides of the pectus; head shorter, broader, and its
apex more obtuse, than in mollipes. Length, 0:33. Rare.
On grass in meadows. No. 752, female.

\

*HELOCHARA.

(Gr. édos, a marsh, zapw, to rejoice.) Head, obtuse-triangular,
broader than long, slightly broader than the thorax, the transversely

striated front reflected over on to the anterior sides of the vertex;
vertex with a slight longitudinal stria; ocelli on the vertex, farther from

each other than from the eyes; tips of the male attenne knobbed ;
elytra with five terminal and three discoidal cells. By its knobbed

antenne, this genus occupies a similar rank to the sub-family Teééé-

gonides, that Idiocerus does in that of Jassides.

"Common Hetocuara, *H. communis. Dark green; females grass-

green, when faded variously mottled with tawny yellow;

beneath, more or less black, legs testaceous. Length, 0°20.
On grass in marshy situations, often excessively numerous.
No. 753, male; 754, female.

Var. a. The usual transverse row of large punctures on the
foreside of the thorax obsolete. No. 755.

« [57] NintH REPORT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 307

EVACANTHUS. LEPEL. and SERV.

Orsirat Evacantuus, *£. orbitalis. Black, shining; orbital margins,.
antenne and legs, tawny white; elytra deep fuscous, nerves
and large spot at the apex of the outer margin white; face
with a tawny white, transverse spot or band above. Length,
0.18, to tip of female abdomen 0°20. On dogwood, the last
of July. Rare. No. 756, male.

GYPONA. GERM.

* YELLOW-STRIPED Gypona, *G. jflavilineata. Pale green, immac-
ulate; thorax with eight pale yellow vittz, the middle ones
common to the vertex and scutel. TZettigonia 8-lineata, var.
a, of Say. Having never met with specimens possessing rosa-
ceous stripes and nervures, and this insect being larger in size
than the 8-lineata, I am induced to regard it as a distinct
species. Length, 0-35 to 0-45. Common on oaks, maple, wal-
nut, &c. No. 757, male; 758, female.

ReEpD-MOTTLED Grpona,*G. scarlatina. Dull yellowish brown; elytra
with rosaceous nerves and dots; thorax without vitte; com-
mon disk of the elytra sparsely dotted with black; length,
0:40. No. 759, female.

PENTHIMIA. GERM.

AMERICAN PEnTHImiA, *P. americana. Black; elytra white towards.
the apex; two dots on the anterior edge of the vertex, and a
spot on each outer angle of the thorax sanguineous or rufous.
Female, with the vertex, thorax, scutel and venter, san-
guineous. Closely alied to the European varieties hemor-
rhoea and sanguinicollis, (Fab.) butis a size larger. Length,
0-23. Rare. Taken on the sugar maple. No. 760, male;
761, female.

| ACOCEPHALUS. GeERmM.
*YeLLow AcocrepHatus, *A. vitellinus. Yellow; elytra longer
than the abdomen, with pellucid spots, and on the margins.

towards the apex a few black dots. Length, 0:26. Found.
on the sugar maple. No. 762, male.

398 ForTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM [58],
Var. a. Four faint tawny yellow vittz on the thorax, and
an oblique tawny band across the middle of the elytra. No. —
7638, female. ' ie
CQELIDIA. GERM. ex
“BanpdED Ca tipia, C. subbifasciata, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vi. 310. Found on beech trees. I have also taken this
‘species in Kentucky and Illinois. No. 764, female.

7

“GARDEN Caipia, C. olitoria, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vi. 310. Taken on raspberry bushes. No. 765, female.

'

BYTHOSCOPUS. GERM. $
“” Buiack-Bacxep Byruyoscopus, *B. tergatus. Sordid green
immaculate; elytra smoky; tergum black; beneath greenish
yellow; tarsi pale brown. Length, 0-30. On willows. No.
766, male.

y

“ ONE-COLORED Bytuoscorus, *B. wunicolor. Greenish-yellow,
immaculate; elytra hyaline; length, 0-28. Taken on flowers
of goldenrod. No. 767, female. \ ;

“ HatF-cLoTHED Bytuoscopts, 8B. seminudus, (Say.) Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 307. Found on birch trees. No. 768,

female.

*SappLep Bytuoscorus, B. clitellurius, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. —
Sci., vi. 309. Onvarious herbs and shrubs. No. 769, male; —
770, female.

¢-\

*® Pine Byrnoscopus, B. *strobi. Yellowish-brown; elytra with

three white bands, and closely inscribed with fuscous points

and lines, outer margin with small fuscous spots; beneath

brown; legs pallid, with spine-bearing black dots. Length,

0-20. Common on pines in May. No. 771, male; 772,

female. :
IDIOCERUS. LEwiIs.

Weepine Ipiocerus, *Z. lachrymalis. Brown varied with white;
elytra hyaline, immaculate, nerves fuscous; a black spot at
the anterior edge of each eye; two remote black dots on the
fore side of the vertex commonly connected by a transverse
black line; scutel with a transverse black spot on the disk and
two triangular ferruginous spots at the base. Length, 0°28.

lili

RL gh hy oan

@
‘
b

NintH Reporv oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 399

Taken on poplar and walnut trees. No. 773, male; 774,
female.
Var. a. The black frontal line prolonged to the spots for- ~
ward of the eyes. No. 775.
6. The usual small black spot beneath each ocellus
wanting. No. 776.
c. The black frontal line wanting. No. 777.
d, One or two small four-sided discoidal cells in the
elytra in addition to the usual number. No. 778.

“ ALTERNATE-MARKED Iprocrrus, *J. alternatus. Brown varied with

white; elytra hyaline, immaculate, nerves fuscous with white
alternations; two remote black dots on the anterior edge of
the vertex; seutel with two dots on its disk and two triangu-
lar spots at its base black. Length, 0:22. Common, on wil-
lows. No. 779, male; 780, female.

‘SPOTTED-WINGED IpiocrRus, *Z. maculipennis. Chestnut-brown varied

with white; elytra hyaline, with a large fuscous spot on the

middle and another at the apex of the outer margin, with an
intervening white spot; a faint white spot towards the base of
the sutural margin. Length, 0°25. Taken on thorn bushes
No. 781, female.

“SUTURE-STRIPED Ip1oceRus, *Z. suturalis. Yellowish white; elytra

hyaline with a dusky vitta on the suture, and two dusky spots
on the base of the scutel. I have never met with the males
of this and the following species, but their facial ocelli and
elytral neuration indicate this to be their generic place,
Length, 0-25. Taken on chestnut trees. No. 782, female.

-PateE Ipiocerus, *Z. pallidus. Greenish white, immaculate; elytra

hyaline. Length, 0°22. On poplars and willows. No. 783,
female.

PEDIOPSIS. Burm.

“GREEN Pepiopsis, *P. viridis. Light green, immaculate; elytra pel-

lucid, almost hyaline. Length, 0°18. No. 784, female.

Paes oh, Ch er ars hh Com ees ae Gib Cae Ble Poet eo) eh Wi eS em Rk te! ge Ole ba
my! » ee a ie | WAR Poy. ‘ Bcd eS 2 bids +5 . ees eras Noting CoCr :

fogar , ; 1 Ue qn
400 Forry-sixtH Report oN THE Srate Museum ps “feoy 9
THREE-SPOTTED Peptorsis, *P. trimaculatus. Dull brown; scutel ‘ie
with a black spot at each angle, the posterior one sometimes
obsolete; elytra with pellucid white spots situated one on the |

apex, one on the disk and a third anteriorly, scutellar region

obscure cinerous; face whitish. Length, 0°18. No. 785,
female. es |

ATHYSANUS. Burm.

To this genus we refer those species which differ from Macropsis and
Pediopsis in having the ocelli between the vertex and the face, and
from Jassus in having the elytral suture straight.

VariasLe Atuysanus, *A. variabilis. Sulphur-yellow; elytra :
commonly with an oblique black vitta, their tips pellucid; |
vertex, thorax and scutel often fulvous or black. Length, 0-20.
Abundant on birch trees, in June. No. 786, female.
Var. a. Dull yellowish-white throughout. No. 787. .
6. Bright sulphur-yellow throughout. No. 788.
c. An oblique black stripe on each elytron. No. 789.
d. Vertex, thorax and scutel tawny yellow. No. 790.
e. Vertex and thorax tawny yellow, scutel black.
Wa. 79'.
fj. Vertex, thorax and scutel black. No. 792.

# SpRUCE-TREE AtTHysANus, *A. abietis. Black, shining; head light P
yellow, mouth and two bands on the vertex confluent at their ie

ends, black; middle of the sutural edge of the elytra with a E

white streak. Length, 0:20. Taken on the black spruce.

No. 793, female. F

® WinpowrEpD AtHysanus, *A. fenestratus. Brownish-black; face
and scutel rufous; elytra each with a pellucid spot near the
apex, another on the disk, and a third opposite this last on
the sutural margin. Length, 0°20. On birch trees. No. 794,
female.

5} §maLLeR AruysaNnus, *A. minor. Cinnamon yellow; elytra with
a discoidal and large apical spot hyaline. Length, 0°18.
Common on birch trees. No. 795, female.

~ [61] NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE EnvomoLoeist 401

“ Bercu-TREE Atuysanus, *A. fagi. Elytra fuscous, immaculate;
scutel, face and pectus black; venter and legs light yellow.
Length, 0:18. Taken on beech trees. No. 796, female.

*“ BLACK-NosED ATuHysaNnus, * A. nigrinasi. Pale yellow, lower
part of the face black or fuscous. Length, 0-18. Common,
particularly upon the hornbeam ( Carpinus americana.)
Presents many varieties. No. 797, female.

AMBLYCEPHALUS. CuRTIS.

* Curtis’s AmBLYCEPHALUS, * A. curtisii. Greenish yellow; two
dots on the vertex, band on fore part of the thorax, and six
vittze on each elytron, black; beneath black. Length, 0°15.
Common particularly on the grass of meadows. No. 798,
male; 799, female.

*Say’s AMBLYCEPHALUS, * A. sayii. Pale yellowish, without dots;
elytral cells partially margined with fuscous or black, nerves |
white. Length, 0-13. Abundant on grass in pastures and
meadows. No. 800, male; 801, female.

Var. a. A black spot on the base of the thorax. No. 802,
6. Three black spots on the base of the thorax.
No. 803. 7
e. Only the apical cells margined with fuscous at
their tips. No. 804.

°° MELSHEIMER’S AMBLYCEPHALUS, *A. melsheimerii. Pallid, base
of the tergum black; elytra pellucid, nerves white. Length,
0-10. Common on grass. No. 805, male; 806, female.

"Inrrcan AmpiycepHatus, A.? inimicus, (Say.) Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vi. 305. Though this much resembles the species
named Sayii, above, it differs from this genus by the length
of its elytra,and from Jassus by its striated front and the
number of its discoidal and apical cells. It probably forms
the type of a separate genus. Common on grass, and its larva
has been said to depredate upon the roots of young wheat.
No. 807, male; 808, female.

Var. a. Nerves white, cells margined with fuscous,

No. 809.

1893. o1

_about as broad as the thorax; vertex rounded down to the front with-

obsolete. Fora group of our small Jassides, who-e elongated linear

i Two smaller dots pelea the ordinary ones on

the head. No. 810. | eae soo
ce. Two dots only on the neck. No. 811. as
d. Dots on the neck all wanting. No. 812.

JASSUS, Fas. ; eee
*“ FrecKLED Jassus, *J. irroratus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei,
vi. 308. Common on herbage. No, 813, male; 814, female.

Var. a. A transverse row of five white dots on the anterior é
edge of the head. No. 815. )

* YELLOW-BACKED Jassus, *J. fulvidorsum. Head, thorax and —
scutel sordid yellow, uninscribed; elytra white, closely —
inscribed with fuscous lines and points, and’ on the outer
margin irregular spots. Length, 0-25. On pines. No. REG, 4
male, 817, female. is

" PorntED Jassus, J.? acutus, (Say.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. vi.,

306. Found on hornbeam. No. 818, male. ic

8! * HRYTHRONEURA.

— (Gr., epudpes red, vevpov, nerve; in allusion to the color of portions —

of the elytral nerves in several of the species.) Head crescentiform,

out an angular edge; ocelli between the vertex and the front, almost
as near each other as to the eyes: elytra without closed cells in the
disk; apical cells four, longish; middle apical nerve simple. Forward
of the transverse nerve the exterior and middle nerves are sometimes

bodies give them the aspect of Zettigoniides, no place appears among 4
the genera defined by Amyot and Serville. This and the following ~
genus is therefore proposed for their reception. 4

ss Saat ErytTHroneura, * #. vulnerata. Fulvous-brown spot-— a
ted and lined with whitish; elytra with an abbreviated —
yellowish-white vitta on the outer margin, interrupted near the
middle by an oblique black line, and towards the apex by an
oblique sanguineous one; tips dusky, with whitish nervures _
and spots; a whitish medial line common to the vertex, thorax
and scutel; beneath black, legs pallid. Length, 0°12. On

DA Se tee oie Bis easton
Se AR nove iether e abn ‘
of : kK,
z 3 \
j fo / -
. [63] NINTH ReporT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 403

raspberry bushes, grape-vines and other situations where the
foliage is dense, often in great numbers. No. 819, male; 820,
female.

© GRAPE-VINE EryTHRONEURA, &. vitis, (Harris.)_ Inj. Ins., p. 184.
Inhabits with the preceding. No. 821, female.

* Aruiep Eryruroneura, *£. affinis. Pale yellow; elytra hyaline,
spotted with light yellow, with a black dot on the inner
margin towards the apex, and a broad yellowish brown band
onthe base. Allied to basillaris Say, but readily distinguished,
being destitute of sanguineous markings. Length,0-12. No.
822, female.

© TargE-BANDED Eryraroneura, *Z. tricincta. Pale yellow, with
three broad bands, the anterior velvet-black, occupying the
thorax and basal half of the scutel; the middle bright
ferruginous ending outwardly in black, forward of the middle
of the elytra, the posterior dusky brown, on the apex. Length,
0:12. No. 823, female.

Var. a. Anterior band sangtineous. No. 824.

*®OsiiguE-sTRIPED EryturRoNneura, &. obliqua, (Say.) Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., iv. 342. No. 825, male.

* BeEAN-VINE ErytHroneura, E. fabe, (Harris.) Inj. Ins., p. 186.
No. 826, male; 827, female.

68 * HMPOA.

(Gr. <v, upon, zo, herbage.) Differs from Erythroneura in having
the apical nerve widely forked, forming a triangular apical cell, which
is shorter than the three other terminal cells.

*® Oak Empoa, £. querci. White; elytra pellucid, with three

blackish dots in a transverse row behind the middle. Length,

s 0-12. On oaks, sometimes excessively numerous. No. 828,
| female.

*ScarLteT Empoa, &. coccinea. Scarlet-red, immaculate, pectus
and venter orange, elytra brownish-pellucid. Length, 0-10.
Taken on pines. No. 829, male.

at

ep

404 Forry-sixty Report on THE STATE Museum [64]

FAMILY PSYLLIDA.
PSYLLA. GEOR.

_ ™'THREE-DOTTED Psyiua, *P. tripunctata. Wax-yellow, dorsum
black; legs and antenne pale yellow, the latter black at the
tips; elytra hyaline, nerves brown, beyond the furcation
widely margined with smoky-fulvous, a blackish dot on the

middle of the terminal margin of each of the inner apical |

cells. Length 0:16. No. 830, female.

Four-LINED Pysiia, *P. quadrilineata. Bright fulvous; elytra

hyaline, nerves blackish; four whitish longitudinal lines on

the middle of the metathorax; abdomen black with a yellow
band at its base. Length, 0-12. No. 831, female.

Hornpeam Psyiia, *P. carpini. Light-green or greenish yellow;
elytra hyaline, nerves light-green. Length, 0-16. Common
on the hornbeam, in July. No. 832, male; 833, female.

/

” ANNULATED PSsyYLia, *P. annulata. Straw yellow; legs white; —

elytra hyaline, nerves straw yellow; antennz black, basal
half straw-yellow annulated with black. Length, 0°15. Occurs
on the sugar-maple. No. 834, male; 835, female.

LIVIA. Lat.

Vernat Livia, *Z. vernalis. Bright ferruginous; pectus and tips of
_ , antenne black; legs ferruginous-pallid. Length, 0-15. Found
in spring in vessels of sap of the sugar-maple. No. 836, male;

837, female.

Buiack-LeaeeEeD Livia, *Z. femoralis. Bright ferruginous; pectus,
four forward femurs and tips of the antenne black. Perhaps

not distinct from the preceding. Length, 0°15. Takenon a —

‘

pine tree, in July. No. 838, female.

= a

_ Nrvra Reporr or rae Stare ENTOMOLOGIST 405

“FAMILY APHID.
APHIS. LINN.

APPLE-TREE Apuis, A. mali, (Fab.) Ent. Syst. iv. 216. Common on
the under side of the leaves and tips of the young branches of
the apple-tree. No. 839, male.

® CHERRY-TREE Apuis, A. cerasi, (Fab.) Ent. Syst. iv. 211. Com-
mon on the under side of the leaves of the garden cherry,
(Cerasus vulgaris, Mill.) No. 840, male.

“ CHERRY-INHABITING ApuHis, *A. cerasicolens. Pale greenish yel-
low; antennze and legs black, base of the femurs pallid;
nerves of the fore wings dusky, stigma pellucid white;
abdominal horns quite short. When irritated, the legs and
antenne instantly emit from their pores a bluish white cotton-
like substance, which remains adhering to them, resembling
fine mould. Length, 0-20, to the tips of the wings. On the
common black-cherry-tree, (Cerasus serotina, DC.) No. 841,
male.

* BERBERRY Apuis, *A. berberidis. Black; pectus and abdomen
pale yellow, tip black; legs dusky; larva and pupa pale, with
a green or black vitta on each side of the back, parallel with
the outer magin. Length, 0:10. On the under side of ber-
berry leaves. No. 842, male; 843, female.

CaspacEe Apuis, A. brassice, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. i. 734. Common on
the under side of cabbage leaves. No. 844, male.

®SmK-wEED Apuis, *A. asclepiadis. Black; abdomen pale green;
sides with two rows of impressed fuscous dots, three in the
lower, larger, five in the upper; abdominal horns nearly
equalling the tip; stigma smoky whitish; nerves brown; the
costal whitish. Length, 0-15. On the lower surface of young
leaves of the common silk-weed. No. 845, male.

Doewoop-Lear Apuis, *A. cornifolie. Apterous females black, sub-
pruinose, obovate; legs pale yellow, feet black; antennz pale
yellow, tips black; horns nearly equalling the truncated tip
of the abdomen. Length, 0-05, to tip of abdomen. On the
under surface of the leaves of Cornus paniculata. No. 846,
female.

406

THORN-LEAF APHIS, * A, cr atcagifolice. Black; abdomen green, swith e

f

FoRTY-SIXTH REPORT OM, THE STaTeE M USEUM oe

a row of blackish dots along each side; nerves of the fore
wings whitish, black at their tips; tibiae, except at their tips,
and base of the femurs, green; horns nearly half equalling the
tip of the abdomen. Length, 0-15.~ Onthe leaves of Crategus
punctata, corrugating them. No. 847, male... Ss

: . Re wi 7
_" Brrcu-innasiting Aputis, *A. betulecolens. Sulphur yellow;

antennz deep black, two basal joints sulphur-yellow, the fol-
lowing joints white at their bases; stigma pellucid yellowish; |
nerves black, the costal and marginal sulphur-yellow, base of
the forked nerve hyaline; horns very short. Length, 0°18.
No. 848, male. om

"® MAPLE-TREE Apuis, A. aceris, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii, 736. Our

insect appears to correspond with the brief description given
of this species. Occurs on the Acer pennsyluanicum. No.
849, male. |

ELDER-LEAF Apuis, *A. sambucifolic. Black; tibiz and base of the

Pinr-Inuapitina Apuis, *A. pinicolens. Straw-yellow, densely

® PorpLaR-LEAF Apuis, *A. populifoliv. Chestnut-brown, pruinose;

® ConE-FLOWER Apuis, “A. rudbeckic. Red; antenne and legs —

femurs pallid; stigma dusky; nerves black, the furcate one
hyaline at its base. Length, 0-15. On the under side of the
leaves of the elder. No. 850, male.

pruinose; antennz black, bases pallid, with a fuscous annulus;
fore wings with a fuscous spot on the apex of each nerve; |
nerves brown, hyaline at their bases, the costal straw-yellow;
horns very short. Length, 0-25. Solitary on the pine. No.
851, male.

‘
’
y

4
4
4

4

legs hairy, black, above the knees pale brown; stigma smoky —
fulvous, margined with black; nerves brown; tergum with
two dorsal rows of impressed, quadrate, fuscous spots, and on
each side two rows of impressed dots; horns equalling a third
of the distance to the tip. Length, 0.22. On the leaves of
the Populus grandidentata. No. 852, male. :

black; basal half of the femurs pale yellow; horns equalling
the tip; stigma yellowish; nerves brown, the costal sulphur- _
yellow. Length, 0:20. Infests the upper part of the stalks of —
Rudbeckia laciniata, Solidago serotina and S. gigantea. No. , |
853, male.

he oD or 3, ibe i on ag ne)
D \ FS eae ae us 4

t 7
bone t

[67] 3=Mivre Reporr or rue Starr ENTOMOLOGIST 407

LACHNUS. Iuic. _

SPRUCE-TREE Lacunus, *Z. abietis. Apterous females pubescent,
broad oval, blackish clouded with lurid brown, with a faint
cinereous dorsal vitta ; venter lurid, pruinose, with a black
spot near the tip; antennz sordid-white, with a black annu-
lus at the apex of each joint. Length, 0°15 to tip of the
abdomen. Occurs on the Abies nigra. No. 854, female.

Oax-LEAF Lacunus, *Z. quercifoliw. Light yellow; antenne pellucid
white, with a slender black annulus at the tip of each joint;
fore wings with a blackish spot on the apex of each nerve and
a deep black dot on the base of the curved apical nerve;
stigma whitish. Length to tip of wings, 0:15. On the leaves
of the white oak. No. 855, male.

.

WILLow Lacunus, *Z. salicellis. Black; tibie and base of the ~
antennz obscure pallid; base and costal margin of the fore
wings yellowish-white. Length, 0:08. On the young succu-
lent twigs of willow trees. No. 856, male.

ALDER- LEAF Lacunus, *Z. alnifoliw. Apple-green; antenne
greenish-white, with four black annuli; legs greenish-white,
tarsi, knees, and line on the posterior bat of the tibiz black;
wings hyaline, the three oblique nerves black. Length, 0-10.
On alder leaves. No. 857, male. |

* Exim Lacunus, 2. ulmi, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. ii. 733. Solitary, on
| the under side of elm leaves. No. 858, male.
* PortaR Lacunus, L. populi, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. i. 736. On the
under side of the young leaves of Populus grandidentata.
No. 859, male; 860, larva.

ERIOSOMA. LEACH.

“APPLE-TREE Buicut, /. lanigera, (Hausman.) Illiger’s Magar.
vol. 1. p. 440. Myzoxylus mali, (Blot.) Mem. Soc. Agricult.
de Caen, 1830, p. 38. On the bark of young branches of the
apple, to which tree, in Europe, it has been a great pest.
Commonly only solitary individuals are here found, and in -
but one instance, have I met with it clustered and covering a
limb as described by foreign writers, No. 861, male.

rt ie és ees Uh Sia Se Re ses Eg & br Rie ea ae eh , woe Beene :

2 [68] Hy ; e ‘

y's ian .

* AppLE-Root Brieut, *Z pyri. Black, more or less pruinose, A
with a tuft of cotton-like down on the tergum and commonly uh
a smaller one on the head; fore wings hyaline, with a black
stigma and nerves, the externo-medial nerve hyaline towards
its base; inner edge black from the base to the apex of the
first nerve, hyaline beyond.. Length, 0-20. Commononthe ~~
wing in groves, in autumn. On the roots of a young apple

408 Forry-stxta Reporr on THE StaTE Museum

Wy

tree brought me from a nursery, excrescences were observed,
the crevices in which were found to be covered with small
lice-like larvee, among which some winged individuals occurred
which proved on examination to be this species, from which
circumstance its habits are inferred and ts name bestowed.

No. 862, male. |

*® ALDER Buteunt, *L. tessellata. Dull bluish-black; tergum with
the segments marked by strongly impressed lines and covered
by white down in square checker-like spots. Length, 0-16. On
the under side of branches of the alder, (Alnus rubra, Marsh.)
crowded together and concealed beneath a dense covering of
snow-like down. I have searched in vain for winged
individuals of this species. No. 863.

* BreEcu-TREE Buieut, /. imbricator. Black; three last segments
of the abdomen blue-pruinose; stigma brown; longitudinal :
nerve and a line on the middle of the inner margin black. —
Female (?) winged; abdomen fulvous, with a black spot on
the disk; legs pallid. Larva pallid, with 2 fuscous dorsal
stripes; posterior half of the abdomen covered with a tuft of

- eotton-like down, from which proceeds two longer and coarser
filaments. Length, 0-22. On the under sides of the branches
of the beech tree, covered with snow-white down. On the
slightest jar of the branch, a shower of tiny drops of a water-
like fluid falls from these insects. Having met with no
description of the & /fagi, (Linn.,) or its habits, I am unable
to ascertain whether that insect is dissimilar to ours. No. 864,
male; 865, female (?); 866, larva.

. oe es ee

[69] NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 409

rs pt Pheitkie Buieut, *Z. strobi. Black, pubescent, subpruinose; a
a a dorsal row of white meal-like spots on the tergum; fore wings
with the costal margin, the apical and two inner basal nerves,
black. Length, 0-20. Common on branches of the white
pine, giving to the bark of infested trees a peculiar black
appearance. Belongs to a nondescript genus, intermediate
between this and Lachnus. No. 867, male; 868, female.

BRYSOCRYPTA. HALLIDAY,

8S Wircu-HAZEL Brysocrypra, *B. hamamelidis. Males _ black,
pruinose; wings hyaline; nerves brown; legs whitish; knees
and tarsi black. Larva smaller, brown. Length, 0°09. Inhabits
conical follicles on the upper surface of witch-hazel leaves;
each follicle contains about a dozen individuals, and has a
small orific: in the under surface of the leaf. No. 869, male;
870, larva; 871, its follicle.

FAMILY COCCIDA.

_ Our species of this family have not as yet been investigated in their

living state. The dried shield-like bodies of the dead females have
been met with on several of our indigenous trees. In addition to the
species so abundant upon the apple-tree, and currently regarded as the
* Coccus arborum-linearis of Geoffroy, (specimen No. 872,) the
following may serve as New York examples of this family: The Wil-
” low Coccus, *C. salicis, is ferruginous with obsolete black spots,
has an oval nearly hemispheric form, and measures 0°20 in length,
(No. 873.) The Linden Coccus, *C. tiliw, the largest of our
* species that have been observed, is ferruginous, hemispheric, and

_ measures 0-24, (No. 874.) Both these species have the usual slit at the
posterior end, and are wrinkled transversely.

1893. D2

yrs

410

FORTY-SIXTH Ruvorr ON THE STATE Be vseoM See

CORRECTIONS AND NOTES TO THE paucHaeae cara, then

CHAD AP WYP

fa ek kt
worse

14.
15.
16.
is
18.
19.
20.
21.

22.
23.

34,

* In the Cicadidz, Mr. Uhler's list published in the Transactions of the Maryland Academ

of Sciences, vol. i, has been followed: in the Typhlocylide, that of Mr. Woodworth, ‘a

. Ormenis pruinosa (Say).

. Telamona n. genus.

LOGUE, BY ,E. P. VAN
. Cicada tibicen Linn. Uhler.* 35.
. Tibicen rimosa (Say) Uhler. 36.

Tibicen septendecim (Linn.) Uhler.

Myndus impunctatus (Fitch). 37.

Oliarus quinquelineatus (Say).

Liburnia arvensis (Fitch). 38.

Stenocranus dorsalis (Fitch). o2

lobus Gooding.
Type, T. fas- 62
ciata Fitch.

. Telamona fasciata Fitch, female.

a ; 63
. Heliria scalaris (Fairm.). 64.
. Telamona coryli Fitch, female, if I 65.

have rightly identified the species. |

. Telamona monticola (Fabr.). 66
. Acutalis dorsalis (Fitch). 67.
. Microcentrus cary (Fitch). | 68.

. Aphrophora parallela Say.
. Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch). 69.
. Clastoptera pini Fitch— probably | 7

correct.
Diedrocephala coccinea (Forst.).

. Typhlocyba vitis (Harris) Woodw.

. Typhlocyba obliqua (Say) Woodw.

DUZEE, © 1 ane 2

Diedrocephala mollipes (Say). ne

Diedrocephala mae : :
(Say).

Helochara communis Fitch. Type _
of genus.

May possibly be Burmeister’ ~ Gy--
pona striata, published a few
years earlier. “a

. Lamenia vulgaris (Fitch). 39. Paramesus vitellinus (Fitch). 4
. Enchenopa binotata (Say). 40. Only the female of the next (41).
. Campylenchia curvata (Fabr.). 41. Jassus olitorius Say. 3
. Publilia concava (Say). 42. Chlorotettix tergatus (Fitch). — oe
. Carynota n. genus. Dr. Goding 43. Chlorotettix unicolor (Fitch), type —

_ gives Optilete Stal as a synonym of genus Chlorotettix VanD. |
of this genus. Membracis mera | ** Eutettix @) seminudus (Say). ee aoc aE
Say must be considered its type. 45. Thamnotettix clitellarius (Say). 4

Vanduzea arquata (Say). 46. Phlepsius strobi (F%teh). :
Cyrtolobus inornatus (Say). 47. May prove identical with Jassus ;
Stictocephala i is (Fabr.). verticis Say. . .
Sie Sea, eo 48. Bythoscopus variabilis (Pitch).

per 49. Male of B. variabilis. q
Atymna castane (Fitch). i {
Atymna querci (Fitch). 50. Bythoscopus fenestratus (Fitch). :

Archasia galeata (Fabr.). 51. Bythoscopus minor (F%tch). ‘

Cyrtosia n. genus. This name 52. Doubtless aspecies of Bythoscopus.
fee necgecuiiod me Godene 53. Bythoscopus nigrinasi (Fitch). |
el SE its aes Mr. | 04: Athysanus Curtisii (Fitch). {
Gees OMe anne Coataianis 55. Deltocephalus Sayii (Fitch).
eee Taina Pease ane Soc ae 56. Deltocephalus Melsheimerii (Fitch),
1892, p 257) i co "| 57, Deltocephalus inimicus (Say).

ae iS RYE (Say). 58 Phlepsius irroratus (Say).

Grmtdlobad a fenchoratna 1(haich). 59. Phlepsius fulvidorsum (Fitch).
ypeee Curtasia Fitch Gortos 60. Platymetopius acutus (Say). ;

y y 61. Erythroneura. Now united with —

Typhlocyba Germ. ¢
Typhlocyba vulnerata (Fitch) F
Woodw.*

Typhlocyba affinis (Fitch) Woodw.
Typhlocyba tricincta a
Woodw.

Empoasca fabee (Harris).
Empoa n. genus: also united with © a
Typhlocyba Germ. q
Typhlocyba querci (Fitch) Woodw. —
Typhlocyba coccinea (Fitch) 4
Woodw. . a

Psyche, vol. v.

sisi, el ceeart og ied a Pnon alu PON,
¢ i; € ‘ M, Py
ee NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST All

CORRECTIONS AND NOTES BY C. V. RILEY.

_ V1. Trioza tripunctata (Fitch). | 80. Siphonophora rudbeckiz (Fitch).
72. Psylla annulata Fitch. Is prob-| 81. Schizoneura ulmi (Linn.).

ably a variety of P. carpini | 82. Chaitophorus populi (Fitch).
“7 Fitch. | 83. Schizoneura lanigera (Hausm. ).

73. Myzus cerasi Fabr. 84. Pemphigus pyri (Fitch).

74. “Aphis cerasicolens” Fiteh. The | 85. Pemphigus tessellata (Fitch).
Fitch types (4) in the U. S. N. M. | 86. Schizoneura imbricator (Fitch).
are, from their conditéon, abso- | 87. Lachnus strobi (Fitch).

‘Jutely indistinguishable, and do} 88. Hormaphis hamamelidis (Fitch).
not admit of comparison with | 89. Mytilaspis pomorum (Bouché).
A. cerasifolice to determine the|90. Lecanium salicis (Fitch). While

validity of the species. the ‘‘ Coccus salicis” of Fitchis a
_ 7. Rhopalosiphum berberidis (Fitch). | Lecanium, thereisaCoccus alicis
76. Siphonophora asclepiadis (Fitch). of Linnzeus which is a Chionaspis,
77. Callipterus betuleecolens (Fitch). | and Bouché’s salicis is a Pul-
78. Chaitophorus aceris (Linn.). | vinaria.

79. Chaitophorus populifoliz (Fitch). . | 91. Lecanium tiliz (Fitch).*

The following is a list submitted by Dr. Riley, of the Psyllide,
Aphidide, and Coccidex of the Fitch catalogue given in the preceding
pages, arranged in their systematic order with their present accepted
family, subfamily, generic and specific names, their Fitch synonyms,
and indication of types contained in the United States National
Museum.

f
f

Family PSYLLID 2.
Subfamily Liviine.
Livia Latreille.
Livia vernalis Fitch. Types (4) in U.S. N. M.
Livia femoralis Fitch. In U.S. N. M., type lost from pin.
Subfamily Psylline.
Psylla Geof.
Psylla quadrilineata Fitch. Typesin U.S. N. M.
Psylla carpini Fitch. Types in U.S. N. M.
Psylla annulata Fitch. Probably var. carpini.
Subfamily Triozine.
Trioza Forster.
Trioza tripunctata (Fitch). Psylla tripunctata Fitch. Types in

U.S. N. M.
Family APHIDIDE.

Subfamily Aphidine.
Siphonophora Koch.
- Siphonophora asclepiadis (Fitch). Aphis asclepiadis Fitch. Types
in U.S. N. M.

__ * There is no tilie Fitch in the bitch collection, but specimens of tilie Linn., which Comstock
believes to be liriodendri Cook.

se cork AE Ee I ys Fo NG
“és ad dir 4 We ‘y. ti
412 FORT Y-SIXTH REPORT ON THE Sia te M vsEUM

Siphonophora rudbeckiz (Pitch). Aphis rudbechive Fitch.

| Rhopalosiphum Koch.

Rhopalosiphum (Fitch). Aphis berberidis Fitch. ens ya
~ Myzus Pass. oe me \
Myzus cerasi (Fabr.). Aphis cerasi Fabr. Fitch. | ae
Aphis Linn. Mie

Matis brassicze Linn. a
Aphis cornifolie Fitch. Types (nearly destroyed) in U. S. N. M.
Aphis crategifolie Hitch. ‘Types (nearly destroyed) in U.S. N.
Aphis cerasicolens J’Ztch.
Aphis mali Fabr.
Aphis malifoliz Fitch.
Aphis pinicolens itch. Type (without abdomen) in U. 8. N. M.
Aphis sambucifolie Fitch. Type in U.S. N. M. |

M.

Subfamily Callipterine.
Chaitophorus Koch.
Chaitophorus aceris (Linn.). Aphis aceris Linn. Fitch. |
Chaitophorus populifoliz (Fitch). Aphis populifolie Fitch.
Chaitophorus populi (Linn.). Lachnus populi Linn, Fitch.
Callipterus Koch. !
Callipterus betulzecolens (/%tch). Aphis betulecolens Fitch.

Subfamily Lachnine.
Lachnus MWliger.

Lachnus abietis Fitch. Types (nearly destroyed) in U.S. N. M.
Lachnus alnifolie Fitch. Types (nearly destroyed) in U. 8S. N. M.
Lachunus quercifolie Fitch. Types (nearly destroyed) in U. 8S. N. M.
Lachuus salicellis F%tch.

‘Lachnus strobi (7%tch). Hriosoma strobi Fitch. Typesin U.S. N. M.

Subfamily Schizoneurine.
Schizoneura Hartig.

Schizoneura imbricator (Jvtch). Eriosoma imbricator Fitch.

Schizoneura ulmi (Linn.). Zachnus ulmi Linn. Fitch. Specimens’ 2
in U.S. N. M. 4
Schizoneura lanigera (Hausm.). Aphis lanigera Hausm. |

2
— See ee eas oe

Hormaphis O.S. |
Hormaphis hamamelidis (Fitch). Brysocripta hamamelidis Fitch.
Type in U.S. N. M.

yet ay

aes

i Ls

- Family COCCIDA,

tila oo (Bouche). Coceus arborun-linearis Geoftroy.

anium ope (Fitch). Coccus salicis Fitch. Type i in S.N. Me
eanium tilie (Mitch). Coccus tilice Fitch.

se

(B) |
ENTOMOLOGICAL ADDRESSES,

x

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENTOMOLOGY. — Aa

[Read-before the Western New York Horticultural Society at its ‘Aneel Meet-
ing, January 29th, 1891. |

The Committee on Entomology beg leave respectfully to report: .
It is gratifying to be able to report not only continued, but a marked a
accelerated. progress in this department during the past year. Itis
safe to say that greater attention has been given to insects than in any © :
preceding year. Large collections have been made; many new species 3
have been described; life-histories have been worked out; experimen- — 7
tation in methods of controlling injurious species has been earnest, |
extended, and successful; and publication of these labors and results
has been placed in the hands of the student and the agriculturist. As :
illustrating the growing interest manifested in this branch of study, we 4
may state that, while in former years, far more attention had been
given to plants than to insects, a recent report of Director Atwater, of
the Office of Experiment Stations, at Washington, gives as the number
pursuing entomological investigations at the different stations, at that
time (1890) as twenty-nine, as against thirty engaged in botanical stud-
ies. From so large a corps of earnest entomologists, generally distri-
buted over the United States, and vying with one another to produce —
the best results, what may we not expect for the future of economic —
entomology.
Of the progress which we have mentioned, most of it has beenina
practical direction,— in methods of control of insect pests. Prominent _
among these, and, therefore, the first to which we will refer, we will a
name ~

y

SPRAYING WITH INSECTICIDES.

Effect of London purple on the plum.— At the last annual meeting —
of this Society it was stated by one of the members, in discussion, that
he had nearly ruined a plum orchard by spraying it with a pound of
London purple i in three hundred gallons of water, for, as the result of 4
spraying, every leaf fell from the trees. In the report of the recent a
meeting of the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association, this statement from 5,

NintH Report oF THE STATE EHNTOMOLOGIST 4)]5.

7

the same gentlemen, is repeated in still stronger terms—“ he had utterly

ruined a valuable plum orchard by the use of London purple.” The
statement was questioned at the time when made to this society, and
from what has subsequently been learned, we deem it proper to say that
there is hardly a remote probability that the injury to the trees, caus-
ing the falling of the foliage, which followed the spraying, can be in
the least ascribable to the spraying, but was solely owing to a fungus
attack of the leaves.

In recent experiments by Professor Bailey, of Cornell University,
conducted in the most careful manner, plum trees sprayed with one
pound of London purple to two hundred gallons of water, were not
injured in the slightest degree. Although not so stated, it may be in-
ferred that the ordinary coarse spray was used —not the fine one,
which appears to be much more safe on delicate foliage.

Experiments reported by Prof Gillette of the Iowa Agricultural
Experiment Station, show slightly differing results from the above, as
the same mixture gave a seven per cent injury to plum foliage. The
application, in this instance, was with the Woodason bellows-sprayer
or atomizer. (Bull. No. 10, Jowa Agr. Exp. Station, August, 1890.

London purple on the peach.— The spraying experiments of Pro-
fessor Bailey have confirmed observations previously made by others,
that the foliage of the peach is more susceptible to injury from London
purple than other of the fruits. While it sustained no harm from one
pound of Paris green in two hundred and fifty-six gallons of water,
one of London purple four to hundred, caused slight injury. It is prob-
able that one to four hundred and fifty, applied in a fine mist-like spray,
could be used with entire safety; but as it is quite doubtful if this
degree of reduction would kill the curculio, it is advisable that Paris
green only, of the arsenites, should be employed on the peach unless
other substances are combined with them.

Solubility of London purple. —The greater liability to injury from
London purple is owing to its greater solubility in water. According
to Professor Bailey — “the arsenic in London purple is in the form of
a normal arsenite of calcium, which substance comprises about seventy-
two per cent of the whole compound; and over fifty per cent (52.38)
of it, or nearly forty per cent of the London purple is quickly soluble
in water. (Bulletin No. 18 of the Cornell University Agricultural
Experiment Station, July, 1890.)

An efficient nozzle for low spraying. — Mention is bcede and illustra-
tion given, in the Bulletin from which we have quoted, of a bush nozzle
devised by Prof. Bailey, for use on low bushes, when the insects, like
the currant worm, feed largely on the underside of the leaves. The

416 Forry-sixTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum

discharge from it may be graduated to any desirable degree by mechan- :
ism which admits of a speedy and definite compression of the endofa

rubber discharging tube. A single spraying early in the season with
‘this nozzle and Paris green water kept the currant bushes free from the
larvee for nearly the entire season, which was one of unusual abundance
of the worms. |

Addition of lime to the arsenites.— Quite an interesting aad seemingly
valuable result has been obtained by Professor Gillette, in that he has
found that lime added to London purple or Paris green in water, greatly

lessens the injury that these poisons would otherwise do to foliage.

With this addition, it seems that they may safely be used on the most
tender foliage, even on the peach. On this, only one per cent of injury
was observed with one pound of the purple to two hundred gallons of
water, and only five per cent with one hundred gallons. The average
of several experiments with the limed arsenical mixture on cherry,
apple, plum, and peach, with one pound of the purple to one hundred
gallons of water, was the trifling amount of one per cent. It would

seem, therefore, to be a desirable spraying liquid against the curculio, ©

in that the insect would be more ey affected by feeding on heavily
poisoned leaves.

The lime was prepared by slaking it in a barrel, and stirring it after-
ward until the water became quite milky—-up to the degree that it
would not clog the nozzle of the sprayer..

Fungicides combined with the arsenites.— The convenience of com-
bining fungicides with insecticides, has been for sometime recognized
and regarded asa desideratum. Professor Gillette, after having exper-

imented with several of the fungicides with a view of ascertaining their —

efficiency in destroying leaf-feeding insects, reports: that of all the sub-
stances which he has used, none can be compared with Bordeaux mix-
ture for the prevention of injury to foliage. Although the statement

seems hardly credible, he had been unable to produce the least harm

upon plum and peach foliage (the more sensitive of the fruits) with Lon-
don purple in standard Bordeaux mixture, even when used in the pro-
portion of one pound to fifty gallons. In the proportion of one pound
to twenty-five gallons, not the least injury was produced to plum foliage.
Asa severe test, one pound to ten gallons caused no damage to the
apple. This almost perfect immunity from harm, might be owing, it
was thought, to the precipitation of the soluble arsenic in the purple by
the lime and copper hydrate of the Bordeaux mixture. Several other
interesting conclusions in relation to various substances and compounds
used in spraying, were reached, for which reference is made to the Bul-
letin cited.

“

eit eucthe Wn, ae haber Sead saat ioe ay _ ey Tee a Ss
PAE a, Se tte a A ees
*~ g ete i Ry i a5 Y Ry . e
. r \: | of J
Wy es REPORT OF THE Srare Eyromozoerst A417

in combination with London purple, it should be borne in mind that the
ammoniacal solutions of copper — so valuable against the apple-scab and

some other of the plant diseases — should not be used with it; and espe-
cially, that these solutions are very harmful when combined with Paris
green, as the ammonia acts as a solvent of the arsenite, and thereby
greatly adds to the injury that it may cause. In evidence of this, see
Bulletin No. 11 (page 14), of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment
Station, January, 1891, where a report of experiments shows that carbo-
nate of copper solution, combined with Paris green in the proportion of
one pound to five hundred gallons of water very seriously injured the
foliage.

Spraying for the plum curculio.— Experiments by Dr. C. M. Weed,
of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, show that plum trees
sprayed four times with Paris green — one to two hundred gallons of
water, gave twice the amount of protection that was obtained from
jarring, while “vastly cheaper and easier of application.” It at the
same time, gave protection from the plum-leaf fungus and the brown
rot, that later visited the unsprayed portion of the orchard. Bulletin

(Vol. IIT, No. 8, September, 1890), of the. Ohio Agr. Hxper. Station.
Spraying for the codling-moth.— The following results were obtained
by M. H. Beckwith, of the Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station
_( Bulletin No. 8, March, 1890): 1. Trees sprayed with Paris green (1 to
150, too strong, and 1 to 200) gave four times as largea yield as did the
unsprayed, 2. The average yield of sound apples from the sprayed,

was nine times as great as from the unsprayed. 3. Of the sound apples .

gathered from the sprayed trees, ninety per cent had been saved by the
spraying. 4., The sound apples from the former were much superior
in quality to those from the latter.

A new insecticide machine.— Dr. Riley, in his Presidential Address
before the Association of Economic Entomologists, at Champaign, IIL.,
has noticed, with commendation, a new and distinct type of si deteieae
apparatus — the invention of Mr. Strawson, of Newbury, Berks, Eng-
land. We quote, as follows: “ The machine is called the ‘ Strawsonizer,’
and is a pneumatic or air-blast distributor, and may be adapted toa
variety of uses, such as broadcast sowing of grains, distribution of
fertilizers or of disinfectants in cities, and of dry or liquid insecticides.
The machine is light, simple in construction, and easily operated by
one man, the larger sizes being drawn by a horse, and the smaller by
gus power. The distributing power is obtained by a blast of air pro-
duced by a revolving fan worked by the traveling wheels of the
machine.

1893. 53

- While the Bordeaux mixture may be as and advantageously used |

A418. PORTY-SIXTH Report on THE Seana M SERUM : ae :

“Very uniform and rapid work may be done witle this a in
broadcast sowing of wheat, oats, and smaller seeds. These are dis- "
‘tributed with great regularity over a track eighteen to twenty feet
wide, giving a rate of thirty to forty acres per day. It is especially
serviceable as a distributor of fertilizers (phosphates, nitrate of soda,
lime, etc.,) and all insecticide powders, which latter may eel
be applied in connection with the former substances. (
“ Liquid insecticides are distributed broadcast at the rate of from ¢ one
gallon upwards per acre, and by the action of the powerful blast of
air are broken up into a fine mist, which spreads uniformly to a width of
twenty feet.”

“The one-horse power machine for broadcasting grains, fertilizers,
and other solid or liquid insecticides, with suitable receptacles and
nozzles, is retailed in England for £30 sterling, or $150. Hand-power
machines are sold for £12 and £14.°— Insect Life, iii, 1891, pp:
194, 195.

Insecticides lately jebommended — Prof. J. B. Smith, of the New —
Jersey Experiment Station has recently written of the value of potash
salts for insecticidal purposes. High testimony to their value is given.
Kainit was found to be more effective than the muriate of potash.
Used of a strength of a half-pound to a gallon of water, it was effective
against cabbage maggots, plant-lice infesting rose-bushes, and other —
species. Muriate of potash of the same strength quickly killed the —
mealy bugs on green-house camellias when sprayed upon them, without
injury to the plants. It was also promptly effective upon the rose-leaf —
roller, Cacecia rosaceana. Tt was found to injure some of the more —
delicate plants, and therefore needs further experiment with it. q

Of the several preparations of tobacco, Prof. Smith gives preference — :
to that known as “X. O. Dust,” which seems to be tobacco, carbolic —
acid, and whiting. It was more active against plant-lice than even
pyrethrum, and all kinds of naked larve yielded readily to it. The cab-—
bage-worm was destroyed by it. : Bs

Prof. Smith also gives high attestation to the value of Sludge-oil soap,
manufactured by the Columbia Chemical Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. I -
was tried upon the rose-bug, Macrodactylus subspinosus, against which, :
when appearing in full force as it often does in New Jersey, everything
else had failed. This was the only material that would conquer these
insects, in the experience of Prof. Smith. Col. Pearson of Vineland,
who has so long been experimenting with methods for controlling the
rose-bug, also had most gratifying success in the use of this insecticide. —
The experiments made with this soap were necessarily limited, and it is
to be hoped that they will be continued. a

iS
"1

\

bets NintH RereorRT or THE STATE E'NTOMOLOGIST 419

Nores on Some GarpEN and OrcHARD InsEctTs.

‘It may be of interest to refer to a few observations and experiments
made during the year upon insects of importance to the horticulturist.

Protection from the striped cucumber beetle— Dr. Weed’s experi-
ments indicate that the most promising insecticide for preventing the
ravages of this insect, is tobacco powder, applied in liberal quantities
to the plants. A shovel full may be used to ahill, as it acts both as a
mulch and a fertilizer. In some factories the dust is given away as a
refuse material. (Bull. Ohio Agricul. Kaper. St., 111, No. 8, September,
1890.) |

The apple curculio.— The oviposition of the apple curculio, Antho-
nomus quadrigibbus Say, has been described and illustrated, by Prof.
Gillette, in Bulletin No. 11 of the Lowa Agricultural FEeperiment
Station, for November, 1890. This insect, so destructive in some of
the Western States, is not very injurious within the State of New York.

The pear-blight beetle.— The little wood-boring beetle, noticed in
the Proceedings of this Society at its Annual Meeting in 1890, under -
the name of the pear-blight beetle, or Xyleborus pyri (Peck), as having
nearly destroyed a young pear orchard in Lockport, N. Y., has been
found to be identical with the Eu:opean species long known as Xylebo-
rus dispar (Fabr.). The American name which has been recognized
by us for so many years, will therefore have to give place to the older
Fabrician one. ‘This insect was probably introduced into this country
from Europe toward the latter part of the last century. Since its
destructive appearance at Lockport, as narrated, it has not been
observed in that locality. The nature of the peculiar larval food,
lining the chambers as a thick white coating, has not yet | been
satisfactorily determined. :

The rose-bug.—'The announcement made in the same paper above
cited, that the Entomological Division at Washington had succeeded in
working out the life-history of the roge-bug and would soon publish it,
was premature. Dr, Riley,in Jnsect Life,for April, 1890 (ii, pp. 295-302),
has given an excellent paper on this insect, illustrating the larva,
pupa, and imago, and containing its past history, the little that is

known of its natural history, its geographical distribution, interesting

remarks on its food-plants and ravages, the enemies that prey upon
it, which are few in number and include no true parasites, and remedies
resorted to against it. Its full life-history is yet a desideratum. In
Insect Life, for January, 1891 (ili, No. 5), Prof. J. B. Smith has pre-
sented a graphic account of an “ Experience with the Rose-bug,” the
preceding season, in Vineland, N. J., during an invasion not at all

_ with the result already stated. oy

State of New Y iis He “had never seen insects in ation mp
such constantly i increasing swarms and of such enormous industry.

It was simply awful! Every cherry was cleared off. Apple trees ee

sented a great mass of sprawling rose- bugs burdening each apple. — ‘anys +
fruit itself was not visible, but its situation was marked by the clumps
of beetles. Nothing escaped them except peaches, and they, et? 4

‘because there were none anyway. Pears were infested as badly as

apples. Of the small fruits the blackberry seemed very attractive.
x * * Raspberries were entirely destroyed. * nos They were in :
such force in Colonel Pearson’s strawberry patches that-the field looked .
like a yellow mass of moving insects. Millions of them swarmed on
a couple of sour-gum trees on the road. In the vineyard, the
havoc was woeful. Dozens of them were on each bunch of blossoms, ye
and their fate was sealed. There were not blossoms enough to go |
round. On Clintons, they ate the entire leaf. + * *) Tho, contem-— ~
plation of such enormous swarms induced a feeling of hele that x

was discouraging.” :

Colonel Pearson had used the usual copper compounds and found
none of them effective. Vines completely coated with the Bordeaux —
mixture were as badly attacked as were those where none was applied. q
London purple had been used, and while it had killed some of the —
insects, “it was not protective at all, since all the buds and bine: sririe >

were eaten before the poison began, to work.”

Experiments made by Prof. Smith gave the following results: car-
bolated lime served no purpose as a repellant; fresh air-slaked lime a
dusted on the leaves, was ineffective, and applied in liquid to the extent —
of whitening the foliage, gave no better results; powdered napthaline —
mixed with carbonate of lime, although strongly odorous, had no a
effect; tobacco powder and the X. O. Dust, seemed to serve as a relish
and an appetizer; a strong solution of tobacco applied until the leaves = |
were coated, gave the same effects; pyrethrum powder, which has been
recommended by the Rural New Yorker as an infallible remedy, failed 4
entirely to keep away or to kill the imsects, or arrest the ravages, 3
although used of the strength of one-fourth of a pound to a gallon of —
water, and of a quality warranted pure and perfectly fresh, for which
$2 per pound was paid; a strong decoction of quassia was not in the ;
least distasteful to them; acetate of copper, digitalis, and acetic acid,
were each barren of any good result; even kerosene emulsion, while it —
drove them away temporarily, did not prevent their return. At this
time, toward the close of the campaign, sludge-oil soap was a 3

ANY The Maik jiortke fly.— This Hientr uctive miner of the leaves of the
_ Chrysanthemums, Cinerarias, Eupatoriums, and other Composite, which
has been so injurious in portions of New York and Massachusetts, was
- treated of at some length in the Fourth Report on the Insects of New

_ York, under the scientific name of Phytomyza lateralis (Fallen), it having

| A, identified by Baron Osten Sacken, of Germany, to whom it had.

been submitted, as identical with the European species of that name.

It has subsequently been found that the identification was an erroneous i ais
one, and it has accordingly since been named and carefully described as G38
; : : cs
Phytomyza chrysanth.mi Kowarz, as will appear in the Seventh Report chia
on the Insects of New York. am 4 z
_ The bean weevil. The report last-named will contain an extended if 7
article on this pernicious insect, based on studies made during the past as
year, in which it is shown that the insect may continue to breed indefi- ‘a
nitely within the same lot of beans, although old and dried, for as long ~~ ea.
a time as the food-supply may last. . , Ri :
CONCLUSION. : . a
It was purposed to extend materially the above insect notes, through oe e
examination of the literature of the year, and also, to cite some of the - " . ;
publications, especially, Bulletins of the Experiment Stations contain- ae
ing matters of especial interest to horticulturists; but this has been ‘s ‘
prevented by other engagements and duties that have intruded into the 2
time allotted to this paper. | fe
And further: the “Report of the Committee on Entomology” vee
might properly be expected to contain mention of the several insect a
attacks — their character, extent, etc., which have occurred during the oy
past year within the sphere of the Society's operations.. That such is “
~ not found herein, is chargeable to the fact, that this paper can only be ee
offered as the report of the chairman of the committee — it having been » hg
prepared without the opportunity of conference with his associates, or a
eyen its submittal for their approval and acceptance. Request for a
their aid was necessarily delayed, until, doubtless, too late for the x
pr hes haga of the information asked for, and its communication. <a i
r . Respectfully submitted, ie fe
J. A. LINTNER, ;

_ Chairman,

: REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENTOMOLOGY.

at

Fs

Daa ea

ea *¥)

[Read before te Western New York Horticultural Society at its Annual
Meeting, January 26th, 1893. ] : a ae y
In grateful recognition of the TRIBUTE paid by this society 1 to the

_ science of economic entomology, in giving place in its annual convoca-
tions, amid so many papers of a high order of excellence, and discus-

sions replete with inter est and instruction, to a “ Report on Entomol-

ogy” your committee takes pleasure in presenting the coer report:

>:

[Remarks on the remarkable exemption during the past year from
insect injuries and its probable causes, with reference to several species, ~
are given on pages 2938, 294 of this Report. | es i,

Various PrEsts oF THE YEAR. “oe aR

Among the insect. demonstrations of the year, the following may
deserve a few words of notice at the present time. a

[Notice of several of these demonstrations, as of the fall tent-worm, —
Hyphantria cunea; the green-striped maple worm, Dryocampa rubi- q
cunda, the cabbage caterpillar, Plusia brassice,; the canker-worm, Ani- —
sopteryx vernata; the apple-worm of the codling-moth, Carpocapsa :

_pomonella; the white grub, Lachnosterna fusca; the elm-leaf beetle,
Galerucella xanthomelena,; a gooseberry pest, Systena frontalis; the
Colorado potato-beetle, Doryphora decemlineata; the plum cureulio,
Conotrachelus nenuphar,; and a house-infesting beetle, Otiorhynchus. E
ovatus, are contained in GeNERAL NOTES FOR THE YEAR on pages 295,
296, and 297 of this report and are therefore omitted here. | | 4

Passing from these general notes, may I ask your attention to : a ‘
more detailed notice of three insect enemies of fruit and forest and
shade trees, which are, at the present, subjects of special study, in the a 3
hope of discovery of means by which their serious ravages may be
arrested. xy

‘\

Tuer Gypsy Moru.

Notwithstanding the many insect pests of the first rank that are q
preying upon and devouring the products of the orchards, vineyards,
nurseries, gardens, fields, and forests of the State of New York, it is a
cause of thankfulness that another insect pest which the people of :
adjoining State have been for the past two years, under liberal Sta

RU eM eh Wey hese herds hore ee
< ine a ae ee “nt ei 5 oe Be

i eee .

vf NintH RepPorT or THE STATE EnromMoLoGist =: 423

aid, endeavoring to exterminate, has not yet entered within our

borders. I refer to the Gypsy Moth, Oeneria dispar (Linn.), which was
accidentally introduced into Massachusetts about the year 1869, by a
gentleman interested in the rearing of silk-worms.

When first brought to notice in 1889 by Professor Fernald, of the

_ Massachusetts State Agricultural College, as a dangerous public enemy,

it was believed to be confined to a single locality in the town of Med-
ford, less than a square mile in area. It had at that time, according
to Professor Fernald, “multiplied to such an extent as to cause the

entire destruction of the fruit crop and also to defoliate the shade trees

in the infested region.” The imperative necessity of its arrest, and

the probability that it might be exterminated if proper means were
promptly brought to bear upon it, urged by Professor Fernald, led to.

>

an appropriation by the Massachusetts State legislature, in March, 1890,
of $25,000, for the accomplishment of the desired end, and the
appointment by the Governor of three commissioners to conduct the
work. An additional appropriation of an equal amount was made
later in the year.

The commissioners, in entering upon their labors, found that the
moth, instead of being confined to the narrow limits above named, had
already invaded various parts of a territory four miles long by sixteen

broad. Active measures were carried on by the commissioners during

the season of 1890, yet, at its close, they reported the insect in seven
different towns over an area of fifty square miles. Many acres of

brush had been burned over, and 70,000 trees had been sprayed with

Paris green and water, in which about two tons of the Paris green
were used.*

The following year, in leu of the commissioners, the work was
placed in the hands of the State Board of Agriculture, and by them
intrusted to a Gypsy Moth Committee of three carefully selected per-
sons. The magnitude of the work becoming apparent, another appro-
priation was made by the legislature in June of 1891, of $50,000 —
making the aggregate of appropriations thus far, $100,000.

It appears, from a special report on the subject recently made by the
State Board of Agriculture, that their committee have conducted their

_work during the past year (7. ¢., in 1891), with energy, with judgment,

and with all the success that could have been expected. Some of the
measures used by them for the control of the insect, were the follow-
ing: spraying trees with Paris green in water; spraying the caterpillars
with insecticides that kill by contact; spraying infested stone walls
with kerosene and firing it; gathering the egg-clusters and burning

* Up to the present time, three and a half tons of Paris green has been used.

| : at ~
‘them; banding the trees with tarred L paper to prevent the

, easily be Reatived: bur ning brush and infested “irate a t
—-sening it; burning out nests in holes of trees and ‘cemen
ee inspecting all vehicles going out of - the infested territory to
ey: ‘ath Gages | ‘ |

ing statement oriblished he the committee, covering operations:
April 1, 1891, to December 31, 1891: A oe

Wrees- Number mspected: oy Lo iso eet. ote vie Cane eee 591, mae
tNemiber intrested — u's el eee oes ee Caen 218 828
Number cleayied of egies! 07.5.0. oge ee Rees 423
ee. Number sprayed.......... ete a ee "cw een
4 = \Naneber cemented.) 02). 9.00
ge Naber buthippeds S32 0 2 ee aes
ao: Number banded........... AN cae os OA
_-—- Buildings: Number inspected............ Rea er 3 -
So. Lai am bemLn escent. iy, /6 1 CUS wae ge (, ae
ay : Number cleaned of CLGE. eee eee ee eee
a f a = ae . ;
; What is regarded as a conservative ‘estimate, hao on the daily
; ‘reports made to the committee, shows the aggregate number of eee
aS clusters destroyed during the first six weeks of the season, to be 757,760.
BY Their bulk, according to Director Forbush, was nearly eight cart loads.
pee The average number of eggs in a cluster being 468, there were “over
‘ _ 353 millions of eggs destroyed during that time. The largest nao
a of men employed at any one time was 242. | : :. F
| At the close of the year 1891, covered by the report rekon to, the %
“ iN insect was known in twenty-six towns in Massachusetts, over an area of

200 square miles. No instance of its occurrence outside of the State of
: Massachusetts had been authenticated. ; ! a
b } Through the kindness of Prof. Forbush, director of the field- work
| the Gypsy-moth Committee, in sending me for use on this occasio
typewritten copy of his address before the State Board of Agriculture,
in December last, I am able to make extracts therefrom relating to ‘th
operations of last year (1892). Soe
The appropriation made by the Legislature to the State Board.
chs Agriculture for the prosecution of the work in 1892 was $75,0
‘ Operations were conducted much in the same manner as in the precedin
. year, but after apteniacsee ph testing the principal m means sof control emple

42-5
x)
i ‘

‘> ie.
Ao

fycy

+.

in Germany, was imported from Europe and applied in bands on the —

Me ‘ 4 ws > 3 $ y - :
oss NintH REPORT Or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 425

to be inadequate, and new measures were experimented with, and
employed when their value became established.

Thus it was found that arsenical spraying, on which much depend-
ence had been placed, failed to kill the larger and more vigorous larve.
Insecticides that kill by contact were therefore resorted to. The eggs
were killed by an oil not previously used to any extent for insect
destruction; and four tons of “insect lime,” known as “raupenleim ”

bark around the tree: its viscidity — lasting for two months — served
an admirable purpose in catching and holding all insects and effectually
preventing their ascent of the tree.

The banding with burlaps was not only successful in entrapping

large numbers of the Ocneria caterpillars, but also hosts of other injuri-

ous species, which could then be conveniently destroyed.
. Gratifying’ success is reported from spraying infested brush and
shrubbery on waste Jands with kerosene from acyclone nozzle and then

igniting it.. The same method, it was thought, might be effective

against the marches and invasions of the army-worm.

It is claimed, by the committee that they have succeeded the past year
in staying the spread of the insect, and in greatly reducing its num-
bers. Fifty towns were thoroughly searched, and the moth found in
thirty. In some of the towns it has been locally exterminated, and in
three entirely destroyed. Not one egg-cluster can now be found as
against a hundred in 1891. If sufficient means are provided for the
work, extermination of the insect within a few years is regarded as

next to certain. With an annual appropriation of $50,000, it is con-

fidently believed by the committee that further spread can be prevented
and the insect steadily reduced in numbers.

From my, present knowledge of the work of the committee, I must
commend it heartily, and would further express the desire that such

appropriations shall continue to be made by the State as will enable ~

the committee so to reduce the number of the insect that it may soon
be handed over to its parasites, predaceous insects, and birds for
complete extermination.

If I have seemed to you to have dwelt too long upon a single insect
pest, please bear in mind the deep interest which we in New York must
feel in the efforts being made for the extermination of this omnivorous
insect before it shall have entered within our borders. In this interest,
each one of the other States should also share. And then again, if
success shall, as we hope, attend this effort, it can not fail of furnishing
a precedent for calling for State aid and possibly upon the National

1893. 54 .

—"

Bites WA Ie

a“

r 24 Se 4
hd Fite re Oe De eS me

*

SPS ©.

ae |
ee ee, ae

Government, from time to time, for paeiacii of the oon Sn some
other newly introduced noxious pest, by stamping it out at its place « of | a
introduction — quite as much within their province as is protection —
from an invading army of soldiery, or from the fearful pestilence.
How insignificant were the losses inflicted by the Hessian soldiers,
compared to those which have resulted from the bringing hither on ae
Hessian fly. _ PEAS
. A Dusrructive Soaps Teer Pxst. a in

.

A destructive borer of some of our most highly prized shade trees, — 4

as the elm and maple, has within the last five years been brought to 5
notice in northern New J ersey, and in _ New York: city and its.
immediate vicinity. :

It is the larva of a rather large Bombycid moth, bearing the name of =
— Leuzera pyrina (Fabr.), closely allied in its habits and character to — j
our long-known borer of the locust, oak, and willow — Cossus robiniw.
In Europe it has long been known as Zeuzera cesculi (Linn.) —the
specific name referring to the horse-chestnut on which it was probably
first observed, although, according to Kollar, “choosing that tree for
‘its abode less frequently, in the neighborhood of Vienna, than any of
the other trees that serve it for food, living chiefly in elms, walnut,
pear, and apple trees.” |

The first example of it, so far as known, taken in this country (it is
another of our introduced European pests), was found in a spider’s
web at Hoboken, N. J., in June, 1881 (Papilio, 11, 1882, p. 34).

Several examples of it were captured by collectors, at electric lights
in the summer of 1887, at Newark, N. J. The following year nearly
fifty specimens were taken at Newark, also at electric lights. In 1889,
it was found at Arlington and at Orange in New Jersey, and also,
according to Mr. Pike (Insect Life, iv. p. 318), in Brooklyn, N. Y,,
where it had attacked “nearly all the trees, mostly maples, from Carlton
avenue to the entrance of Prospect Park.” In June of 1890, it was
reported as girdling and boring young maple trees within a few inches
of the ground, at Riverside Park, New York, causing them to break
and blow over with the wind; it had also attacked the elms and maples
in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, and along the whole length of the eastern’
boulevard. Thefollowing year (1891) it had so multiplied in New
York city, that, according to Mr. Southwick, the entomologist of Cen-
tral Park, more than twenty species of trees and shrubs had been
attacked by it, and even vines, as Wistaria, had not escaped its polyph- —
agous habit: thus far, evergreens and other strongly odorous trees,
as sassafras and ailanthus, seemed to be exempt from its ravages. Two
men were constantly employed during the month of May in collecting

and destroying the larvee that are taken out of the limbs that had
broken off as the result of their burrowing. After every high wind,
wagon loads of branches were gathered from the ground and burned.
It was being combatted by every possible means, not only by burning
the falling limbs, but by removing from the trees those that from their
‘changing color or withering gave indications of infestation, and also, in
case of the rarer trees, searching for an opening to burrows and
injecting therein the powerful insecticide, bisulphide of carbon.
~ The same year it had extended its operations all over the city of
Brookiyn —not an avenue or street therein but gave abundant evidence
of its presence. It had also spread, according to Mr. Pike (loc. cit.), to
Astoria, New Rochelle, Jamaica, New Lots, and Flatbush, on Long
Island. .

The injuries caused by this borer are quite serious. In young maples
it attacks the trunk near the ground, as already stated, and so weakens

it with its large burrows running around the tree as to cause it to break »

with the wind and fall to the ground. Inthe elms, different species of
which it attacks, its operations, so far as observed, are confined to the

limbs and branches, which are so weakened by the burrows of often a
half-inch or more in breadth that they fall from their own weight or
even with a moderate wind — the branches thus broken ranging from
a half-inch in diameter to more than five inches.

Already many of the larger elms in Central Park have had their
symmetry and natural beauty greatly impaired through this Zeuzera
attack. We are not told that any have been killed, but such a result
might follow should the insect become sufficiently numerous to invade

_ the entire tree.

We do not know that any better methods can be used to arrest this
increase than those that are employed at the present at Central Park,
unless some means may be devised for destroying the eggs of the moth
before the hatching of the larvee and their entrance into the tree.

An Exim TREE BaRrk-BORER.

The preceding attack, as yet, is quite local in our State yet destined,
we fear, not long to continue so. Throughout the entire State, and
beyond its limits, the beautiful white elm, Ulmus Americana, which has
been so liberally planted and so highly prized as our most valuable
shade tree, is suffering from the ravages of a hidden and insidious
enemy, and dying one by one from a cause, not apparent, and known
to but afew. This is chargeable to the operations of one of our longi-
corn beetles, named Saperda tridentata Olivier, the larve or grubs of
which work in the inner bark and sap-wood of the trunk — the attack

i

NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 497

*)

Sek,

eo : 428 of | Porry-sner Report ov THE ‘Srare Mose

arrested, the death of the tree inevitably follows. No effective remedy is
_ against this attack has as yet been found. It is probable, however, _ ae
that where it has not proceeded too far, protection may be attained i in te a

~

e) Oy
‘apparently commencing not far, coe the ground and oT

‘This coating would not need to be applied to the entire trunk, but

outer bark from the entire infested portion of the tree in the’ spring

_ stance, as lime and cow-dung, should be applied to prevent the splitting

weather. 23

extending upward. When the grubs are numerous, their broa CS ee
burrows so reticulate and run into one another as effectually to girdle vi
trunks of two to three feet in diameter, when, with the circulation

coating the bark with some thick repellant substance (of which carbolic —
acid and Paris green. should be components) that would repel egg-
deposit or prevent the passage through of the newly- -hatched larva,

might be limited to a broad zone of several feet, at and beyond that r 4
part ‘where the burrows of the preceding year were mainly run — to be as ;
found by removing portions of the bark, which will readily scale offs
from the deserted older-infested portions. a

A still better remedy, I think, would be the following: Rewene chs ae :

(occupied at the time by the larve or the pupx) by shaving it down to _
the inner bark until the first indications of the fresh burrows are dis- fy
closed. A kerosene emulsion of good strength brushed over the shaven
surface would kill the insects, after which a coating of some thick sub-—

of the sap-wood from exposure to the sun, drying winds or extreme

That the barking of elms to even a greater extent than the above
may safely be resorted to, appearsfrom experiments made in France by
M. Roberts, detailed in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural
Gazette ea April 29th, 1848, and quoted by Dr. Pagkard in his recent
report on “Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees” ie ain *
follows:

“The whole of the outer bark was removed from He elm (this may
be done conveniently by a scraping-knife shaped like a spoke-shaye).
This operation caused a great flow of sap in the inner lining of the bark
(the liber) and the grubs of the Scolytus beetle were found in almost
all cases to perish shortly after. The treatment was applied on a large
scale, and the barked trees were found, after examination by the com-
missioners at two different periods, to be in more vigorous health than
the neighboring ones of which the bark was untouched. More than —
two thousand elms were thus treated.” Soe

M. Robert has also obtained good results from cutting out strips of ii *

the bark of old elms of about two inches wide from the boughs down

to the ground. “It was found that where the young bark pressed for- _

iN
t

Ah NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 429

; ward to heal the wound and a vigorous flow of sap took place, many of
the larve near it were killed, the bark that had not entirely been
undermined was consolidated, and the health of the tree improved.”

For a long period of years the elm has been remarkably free from
insect attack, but now it is struggling for existence against four
insect destroyers, so pernicious in their operations that we are almost
compelled to look upon it as a doomed tree. The Zeuzera is robbing
it of its beautifully branching top; the elm-leaf beetle is defoliating it
and rendering it in midsummer useless for shade; the caterpillars of
the white-marked tussock-moth ( Orgyia leucostigma) are skeletonizing
its leaves and arresting terminal growth by amputating the ends of the
twigs and strewing them over the ground; and lastly, the three-
toothed Saperda—the most dangerous of all—jis running its mines
through sapwood and liber so closely and tortuously that the death of
the tree is the inevitable result.

It is sincerely to be hoped that should the suggestions above made
for staying the ravages of the last named insect not prove to be prac-
ticable, other means may be found, so efficient and so simple as to lead
to their general use by individuals and by city authorities; and that
the steady progress northward and westward over the State of the two
other elm destroyers —the Zeuzera borer and the elm-leaf beetle —
may be stayed, and the most beautiful and serviceable of our shade
trees be spared to us and to coming generations.

EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS.

The work of the Experiment Stations during the past year has
developed results which are of considerable value to the members of
this society. I will briefly refer to a few of the studies, citing the
bulletins where they are more fully detailed, in order that those who
so desire may make application for them to the several stations, and
proeure copies before the editions shall be exhausted.

The Pear Tree Psylla.— Mention has been made of the remarkable
cessation of the injuries during the past year of the pear-tree Psylla in
the Hudson river valley. This insect is not confined to the eastern
part of the State of New York and portions of the Eastern States
adjoining, but it also occurs in Central and Western New York,— not as
yet in great abundance, but the pear orchards are at any time liable to
an outbreak of it. ~

A careful study of the insect has been made at Cornell University by
Mr. M. V. Slingerland, and its results published in an illustrated bulletin
of 28 pages, being Bulletin 44, October, 1892, of the University Agri-

cultural Experiment Station. Its life-history has been worked ont, aha

. The early spring, just after the leaves had expanded, proved to be 4

illustrations, of the more destructive blackberry insects, with sugges-

Agricultural Experiment Station, in Bulletin No. 18, for September, —

430 Forry-sixra REPORT ON THE Srare M USEUM.

the remedies ‘available for its destruction are given. Of the various: é iy
remedies experimented with, the most efficient was found to be kero- re.
sene emulsion sprayed upon the insect while in its larval stage before
acquiring wings. A single spraying with the standard emulsion
reduced with twenty-five parts of water (less than three per cent of

kerosene) killed, as estimated, from 75 to 90 per cent of the larve.

the best time for spraying. In the experiments made, the unexpected ~ —
result was obtained that the fully exposed eggs of the Psylla were
not to be killed by spraying with undiluted kerosene, or even when
they were immersed in the liquid.

Insects Injurious to the Blackberry.—In Bulletin N. of the New ;
Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, November 30, 1891, Dr. J B.
Smith, entomologist, has given popular descriptions, accompanied with

tions regarding the remedies to be used against them. |

Insects Injurious to Young Fruit Trees.— The entomologist of the
Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, in Bulletin No. 18, for March, |
1892, has given popular accounts of, with suggestions as to remedies for,a
large number of the insect enemies of young fruit trees. 3 iW

The Grapevine Leaf Hopper.— Mr. Townsend, the entomologist of
the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station in writing of
this insect TZyphlocyba vitis (Harris), often referred to as “the
thrips,” states: For some time after the hatching of. the eggs, the
minute young are to be found mostly on the lower, older leaves.
Kerosene emulsion has been conclusively proven as the only practical
remedy for them. It should be diluted with fifteen times its volume
of cold water and applied as soon as the young hoppers appear,
thoroughly reaching with the spray the underside of all the leaves,
especially the lower ones. If deferred until they have acquired wings,
it would be too late to attempt to destroy them in this manner. Vine-
yards sprayed only once the past szason with the emulsion as above
directed, showed thereafter not enough hoppers to do any injury for
the remainder of the season, the same vines having been very plenti-
fully infested before the application. (Bulletin No. 5, March, 1892,
New Mexico Agr. Exp. Station.)

It is strange, when this insect can be so easily destroyed, that there
should appear every year in the Vineyardist and other papers, so many — :
complaints of severe injuries sustained from it. a}

The Strawberry Weevil. Mr. M. H. Beckwith, of the Delaware ce

be eT Wy: =

ei Ninva Report or THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 431

1892, has written of this weevil, Anthonomus musculus, which works
in the buds and blossoms of the perfect flowering varieties, its larvee
penetrating the center of the blossom (the ovary or the rudimentary
berry) and thereby blasting the berry. Kerosene emulsion and
powdered hellebore in water are recommended for use against it.*

A New Strawberry Slug.— Prof. Herbert Osborn, of the Lowa Experi-

ment Station, reports successful experiments in killing the green straw-
berry-slug, Wonostegia ignota (Norton), which in the early part of
June had extensively eaten the leaves of a strawberry patch on the
Station grounds. They were thoroughly sprayed with one pound of
London purple to 200 gallons of water. The fruit was partly grown
at the time. Further injury ceased within two or three days, and
the slugs were killed, as shown by the presence of their dead bodies.
Two and one-half gallons of the spray, containing about forty
grains of arsenic, had been applied to a patch of nearly one square rod.
Estimating that the fruit—about six quarts—had received one-tenth of

the spray distributed (four grains) and that one-half of the amount

of thespray would have been equally effectual, and accepting two grains
of arsenic as a dangerous dose, it appears from these data that upwards

of twelve quarts of the ripe fruit would have to be eaten to give a —

fatal dose of the arsenic (Bulletin No. 18, Iowa Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, August, 1892).

Protection from the Cabbage Maggot.—In the Eighth Annual
Report of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station for the year
1891, Professor E. 8. Goff has presented very successful results in pro-
tecting cabbage and cauliflower plants from the attack of the cabbage-

fly, Anthomyia brassice Bouché, by surrounding the stalk of the

plants at their setting, with small hexagonal discs of tarred paper,
rapidly cut from sheets by means of a tool devised for the purpose. It
seems to be the most successful method yet discovered for protection
against this most annoying pest of truck-farmers and gardeners, which
often destroys entire crops of early cabbages and caulitlowers. For
details of the method, the report cited may be referred to, or an article
contributed by me to the issue of Gardening for February 1, 1893.

_ Kerosene for the Aphis.— Professor Goff has also experimented
with kerosene emulsions for destroying the eggs of the aphis infesting
apple and plum (Aphis mali Fabr.) during the winter while there were
no leaves to interfere with the distribution of the insecticide. The
experiments were not successful, for although emulsions of the
strength of twenty, twenty-five, and thirty per cent were used, it was

* This insect has recently been shown to be the Anthonomus signatus of Say. See Insect Life
v, January, 1893, pp. 167-186, for an extended account of it, with illustrations, by Mr. F. H.
Chittenden.

3 “it ot Seite ri Piel bit Q pu.
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SE RE SS:

432 ee eco ON THE Srare M useor gs
subsequently found that the sprayings had failed to destroy the. egs :

Full success, however, was attained by a spraying. of emulsion con-

taining thirteen per cent of kerosene, on April 24th, just as the buds of ie 2

_ the apple were beginning to burst. The aphides were hatching from —
the eggs at this time, and they were almost entirely destroyed. This,
therefore, may be accepted as the most vulnerable period in the life of :
the insect. (See the report above cited.) :

Soapsuds for the Cabbage Aphis.—Kerosene emulsion has ae “a
recommended for killing the plant-lice that often congregate inimmense

numbers on the leaves of cabbage, but if the emulsion is used of the

proper strength to kill the insect, it also imparts a permanent flavor of

kerosene to the plant. In trials made at the South Dakota Station of

various insecticides, strong soapsuds gave better satisfaction than any

other remedy and proved highly efficacious. While most fluid applica-
tions were found to roll off from the aphides without wetting them, the
soap solution readily penetrated the gray powdery substance which
covers their body and killed them. (South Dakota Agricultural
Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 30, March, 1892.)

Plant-lice and Red Spiders on Rose bushes.—Professor C. H. Fernald, %

of the Hatch [ Massachusetts] Agricultural Experiment Station, reports
that potted rosebushes of different varieties, every twig of which was
literally covered with the aphides, and more or less the surface of the
leaves, and also having the red spider, Zetranychus telarius (Linn.)
exceedingly numerous on the leaves, were inserted and held for about
a quarter of a minute in a pailful of kerosene emulsion, with this
result: two days thereafter, examination of the bushes failed to show
either a single living plant-louse or red spider; and none dues on
them for the rest of the season.

SPRAYING AND INSECTICIDES.

A few notes on what is being done in spraying for insect pests, and —
on some new insecticides, may not be out of place at this time.

Experiments with Paris Green on Tent Caterpillars.— Professor
Fernald reports that with one pound of Paris green to 1,000 gallons of
water, all the caterpillars placed on the leaves died within twelve days.
One pound to 150 gallons of water burned the foliage and injured the
tree considerably. The best proportion for use on apple trees appeared
to be, one pound of Paris green to 200, 250 or 300 gallons of water;

even the last-named strength killed all the caterpillars within two days;

with a dilution of 400 gallons, all were dead in three days.

Paris Green on the Gypsy Moth Caterpillar.— That Paris green has — ir y

failed, to give entire success in killing the Ocneria caterpillar, is

wy

NINTH REPORT OF THE Snare ENTOMOLOGIST 433

the report of the Gypsy Moth Chmiitten: The mixture used by
‘them would seem to be an excellent one, viz., one pound to 150 gallons
of water and two quarts of glucose. The glucose held the poison on
the leaves during hard showers, and proved to be a useful addition,
and preferable to any other substance tried for prolonging the effects
of the arsenite. Yet this, they state, while destroying the young
caterpillars, failed to kill those that were nearly mature. A grove of
trees that had been twice sprayed with a strength of one pound to 100
gallons of water was afterwards entirely stripped of leaves. Although
many of the caterpillars were killed, there were subsequently gathered
from under the same trees over 1,100 living pupze of Ocneria. The
Paris green used was several times analyzed and found to be fully
equal to any in the market.

It is difficult to believe that foliage sprayed with a strong mixture
of Paris green will not kill all caterpillars that feed freely upon it, and
the statement above-made needs confirmation. It is not impossible
_ that the nearly matured caterpillars which were not killed, may have
fully matured and ceased feeding preparatory to their pupation; or the
observations may have been during the two or three days of cessation
from food that may precede the last of the larval moltings.

Spraying for the Codling Moth.— The following is quoted from the
American Cultivator, of January 2d, 1892: A careful examination was.
made of two trays of unassorted apples, each containing one hundred
specimens, the fruit in one tray being taken from a sprayed tree and
the other from an unsprayed one adjoining. The apples were divided
into three grades, No. 1 being perfect apples, No. 2 having one or two
blemishes, and No. 3 being almost worthless. In the tray from the

unsprayed tree, there were four perfect apples, 58 second-class, and 38 ~

culls, while the tray filled from the sprayed tree contained 84 first-
class, 9 second-class, and 7 culls. (Jnsect Life, iv, 1892, p. 288.)

EK. G. Lodeman reports, in Cornell Bulletin 48, signal results in
spraying for codling-moth in the very wet season of 1892.

Spraying for the Plum Curculio.— Reports from a number of fruit-
growers in Ohio indicate that spraying with Paris green is considered
an effective remedy for the plum curculio. It is thought that two
ounces of the green to 50 gallons of water is sufficient, if three or four
applications are made during the season; and that the use of the dilute
Bordeaux mixture in connection with the insecticide will prevent injury
to the foliage. The mixture of fungicides and insecticides was also
used with beneficial effects on pear trees attacked by the curculio.
(Abstract in Experiment Station Record, from Ohio Station Bulletin,
No. 9, vol. iv, December, 1891.)

1893. 5d

Pa eee

solutions can not be used for spraying tender plants, as they injure the
of trees or smaller objects.” (Forbush.) 3

- moth, the committee found that creosote oil, applied to the clusters by

ie

434 Forry-sixtH Report on rue Stare Museum aa ery

From an address made by W. J. Green, before the Ohio State Horti oe
-cultural Society at its last meeting, and reported in the Country Gentle-
man of January 12th, 1893, it appears that while the effectiveness of |
-arsenical spraying for the curculio is conceded, it can not be done with
“sufficient frequency during the long period of the curculio’s presence —
from May to August — without injuring the foliage and causing the —
leaves to fall. A large degree of protection, however, to the foliage
may be secured by using a dilute Bordeaux mixture with the Paris —
‘green. The following is the formula given: Lime, 4 pounds; sulphate
of copper, 4 pounds; Paris green, 4 ounces; water, 50 gallons. This
mixture was found satisfactory for European plums, but damaged the _
American varieties. With the Paris green reduced to two ounces,
very little harm resulted, but it was questioned if this proportion of the
‘arsenite would prove effective against the curculio. .

A New Contact Insecticide.—The Gypsy Moth Committee in Massa-
‘chusetts have found by experiment that the soap-powders, such as
“Gold Dust” and “Babbitt’s Continental Washing-powder,” are
deadly to caterpillars when properly applied, and were efficient in killing
oth the caterpillars and the pupz of Ocneria. Babbitt’s 1776 soap-
powder was used in the proportion of one pound to six gallons of water, |
the powder being first dissolved in a little warm water, and sprayed |
upon the congregated caterpillars until they were well soaked
‘with the liquid. It was thought that the “Gold Dust” gave —
‘tthe most uniform and satisfactory results. Unfortunately, “these

foliage. They can be used only on insects that cluster about the trunks
Creosote Oil as an Insecticide.— For killing the eggs of the gypsy

means of a brush so as to saturate them, penetrated and killed the eggs
at once. The oil is made by the Carolina Oil and Creosote Company,
at Wilmington, North Carolina, and is sold at fifteen cents a gallon by
‘the barrel. .

Experiments should be made to test the efficacy of this oil on the
apple-bark and other scale insects, and on the eggs of such insects as
have failed to be killed by applications of kerosene, as those of the pear-
tree Psylla, the apple-tree aphis, the squash-vine borer (MMelittia 27
cucurbite), and the squash-bug (Anasa tristis). “4

A Cheap Insecticide.— The assistant chemist, B. W. Kilgore, ~
of the North Carolina Experiment Station, has proposed the follow-
ing cheap preparation for spraying fruit-trees: A mixture of one q
pound of the commercial white arsenic and two pounds of lime, —

NintH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 435

boiled together for half an hour in two to five gallons of
water, and then diluting it to about one hundred gallons of
water. The mixture prepared as above contains absolutely no soluble
arsenic; and it was clearly shown that the “burning” or “scorching”
of leaves is due entirely to the soluble arsenic present, and is in direct
proportion to its amount.

Arsenites with Bordeaux Miature.—Mr. Kilgore also reports: “Prac-
tical tests of the effect upon foliage of combinations of Paris green
and London purple, each with Bordeaux mixture, were made. ‘These
combinations contained one pound of Paris green and one pound of
London purple, separately, in 150 gallons of Bordeaux mixture, and
applied to fig, grape, mulberry, blackberry, peach, pear, and apple
leaves. Each mixture was tested for soluble arsenic, but none was
found in any case. Nor did the slightest injury result to any of the
leaves from these combinations. Some experiments were also made
with combinations containing one pound of the arsenites to 100 gallons
of Bordeaux mixture, with the same results as the above. Both theory
and practice show these combinations to be perfectly harmless to
foliage, and that they may be used with freedom.”

These results are accompanied with elaborate tables, on which they
are based. The use of lime for neutralizing the injurious effects of the
arsenites is in accord with the publications of Professor Gillette, in
Bulletin No. 10 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Pro-
fessor Kilgore’s experiments were made in July, 1890, but their
publication was delayed until a year thereafter. (See Technical Bulletin

_ No. 2, of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh,

July 1, 1891.)

E. G. Lodeman, of the Cornell (N. Y.) Station (Bulletin 48), has
found excellent results to follow the combination of Paris green and
Bordeaux mixture for spraying apple trees to combat codling-moth and
apple-scab. His conclusions upon this point are as follows:

“When Paris green was added to the Bordeaux mixture, the fungi-
cidal action of the combination was more marked than when London
purple was used in place of Paris green.

“Paris green has a certain fungicidal value, but in this respect it
does not nearly equal the Bordeaux mixture.

“The value of Paris green as an insecticide does not appear to be
materially affected, whether it is applied alone or in combination with

- the Bordeaux mixture.

“The insecticidal value of Paris green when used with the Bordeaux
mixture was greater than that of London purple when similarly
applied.”

436 Forvry-stxTtH ReporT on THE STATE MuszEumM

Farmers’ Bulletin on Spraying.—A serviceable bulletin for the use
of fruit-growers is one published in 1892, by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, entitled “ Farmers’ Bulletin No. 7. Spraying
Fruits for Insect Pests and Fungous Diseases,” 20 pages. ,

It discusses spraying with kerosene emulsion and the arsenites for
insect pests, and spraying from the hygienic standpoint. Spraying for
fungus diseases of the apple, pear, and other fruits. Does it pay to
spray ? The fungicides used in spraying. How and when to spray.
Treatment of scab, powdery mildew, the leaf-blights, black-rot or the
grape and anthracnose. Use of copper compounds from a hygienic
standpoint. : id tg

This is perhaps the most convenient and reliable bulletin on spraying
that has yet been prepared, and copies may probably be obtained by
addressing the Department of Agriculture at Washington.

Bulletins on Spraying and Insecticides.—Several bulletins on
these subjects have been published during the year 1892 and the pre-
ceding one, which would be found of service to fruit-growers, florists,
nurserymen, and others. Among them are the following: 7

Information on Spraying Fruits. Pennsylvania State College Agr.
Exp. Station, Bulletin No. 19, April, 1892.

Insecticides and Fungicides. Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., Asa
College, Bulletin No. 83, April, 1892.

The Spraying of Orchards. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., Wooster, vol iv,

December, 1891. E

Experiments with Fungicides and Insecticides. Hatch Exp. an
Amherst, Mass., Bulletin No. 17, April, 1892. 11 plates.

Injurious Insects and Insecticides; Spraying Machinery. Delaware
College Agr. Exp. Sta., Newark, Bulletin No. 12, March, 1891.

Kerosene Emulsion. Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., Agricultural College,
Bulletin No. 76, October, 1891.

Spraying for Insect and Fungous Pests of the Orchard and Vineyard.
New Jersey Agricultural College Exp. Sta., New Brunswick, ete 4
No. 86, April 4, 1892. .!

Spraying Apple Orchards in a Wet Season. Cornell University Exp. —
Sta., Ithaca, N. Y., Bulletin No. 48, December, 1892. 7

Bountizs For Insect PEstTs.

Garden and Forest, for December 21, 1892, records an interesting He |
“Campaign against the Tent-caterpillar.” The apple-tree tent-cater- aa
pillar has for several years past been an almost unendurable nuisancein
various parts of Massachusetts, particularly in the vicinity of Boston ait
Entire trees and shrubs are completely stripped of their leaves, convert-

Ao oO Saat Aso be al

/
NintH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 437

ing the fresh spring foliage into a painful and depressing scene, and
robbing walks and drives of their natural rural beauty.

In order to arrest or mitigate, if possible, this evil, the Newton
Horticultural Society and the Newton Center Improvement Association
‘prepared and widely distributed a circular illustrating the insect in its
several stages, giving a full description of its eggs, and offering prizes
for the collection of the egg-belts, to be brought to the Horticultural
Society before April 1st. As the result, $75 was distributed in prizes
and gratuities amohg the competitors, the first prize of $15 being given
to a young lad who presented over 15,000 belts.

The above effort having effected the destruction, as estimated, of
25,000,000 of eggs during the year, the society is encouraged to offer
for the following year a reward of $1 for every thousand belts brought
in, and has invited contributions, that the work may be successfully
carried on.

I would heartily recommend this method for localities in New York
where the tent-caterpillar has become unusually abundant. Could other
of our wide-spread insect pests be controlled by similar means, it would
_ be a wise economy to employ-children in the work by the payment of
suitable rewards. Unfortunately, few insects offer so vulnerable a
point of attack as does the apple-tree tent-caterpillar, in its shining egg-
belt on a leafless tree. In cities and villages where the white-marked
tussock-moth, Orgyia leucostig gma, frequently strips the elms and
_horse-chestnuts of their foliage, the devastation for another year could
be stayed by offering a certain sum per thousand, or by weight or
measure, for the egg-deposit of the moth on its cocoon — so conspic-
uous in their snowy whiteness on the trunks and lower branches of
trees and beneath window-sills and copings, during the months of
August and September, or before they have become dingy from
weathering. |

In conclusion, I feel that I owe an apology for the length of my
report, and I accordingly offer this: Your president and a number of
individual members of the Society have from time to time manifested
to me so deep an interest in entomological studies as directly bearing
upon their pursuits and labors, that I have presumed upon a patient
listening to whatever I had to present. The report, certainly, would
have been much more brief had it been prepared for any other body
than for the intelligent and appreciative membership of this Society,
before whom I am always glad to appear and offer my humble tribute.

oy submitted on behalf of the Committee on Entomology.

J. A. LINTNER,

Chairman,

~

) (C)
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST.

The following is a list of the principal publications of the Ento-
mologist during the year 1892 — thirty-three are named,— giving:
title, place and time of publication and a summary of contents.

A similar list for the years 1870-1874 is appended.

Killing the Pea-Weevil. (Rural New Yorker, for April 2, 1892,
_ ii, p. 227, c. 2,3 —9 em.)

Bruchus pisi may be killed in newly ripened pease by exposure for one *
hour to a temperature of 145° Fahr. The vapor of bisulphide of carbon is
believed to be the best agent for killing the bean- and the pea-weevil.

Early “Grasshoppers.” (Country Gentleman, for April 14, 1892,
lvii, pp. 286-7, cols. 4, 1 — 28 cm.)

Insects taken in Washington Co., N. Y., hopping about on March 20th,
are the young of the green-striped locust, Chimarocephala viridifasciata
De Geer, noticed in the Second Report on the Insects of New York,
as appearing in the winter of 1882 in different places in New York. Their
life-history is sketched and reasons given why severe injuries may not be
expected from these early appearances. Reference is made to the erroneous.
popular use of the name ‘“‘ grasshopper ”’ for locust.

[See extended notice as Chortophaga viridifasciata, in pp. 330-334 of this.

report (ix). | .
*Cluster Flies— Pollenia Rudis. (Country Gentleman, for May 5,
1892, lvl, p. 358, c. 1, 2— 54 cm.)
The fly identified and the names which it has borne; notice by W. H. Dall,
of its occurrence at Geneva, N. Y., and elsewhere by other writers: its hiber-

nation in houses: its principal features: how it may be killed.
{Extended in pp. 309-314 of this (Ninth) Report. ]

Report of the State Entomologist for the Year 1890. (Forty-
fourth Annual Report of the New York State Museum for the
Year 1890, pp. 197-405, figs. 1-40.) Separate: Seventh Report
on the Injurious and Other Insects of the State of New York
[April 29], 1891, pp. 210, figs. 40. |

The contents are: InTRODUCTORY:, INJURIOUS INSECTS: Aulacomerus:
lutescens, the Poplar saw-fly. Pyrrharctia isabella, the Black-and-red Woolly

*The capitalization, etc., of the Country Gentleman is followed herein in the citation from it
of titles of publications.

r

The Cherry-tree Aphis on the Wild-goose Plum. (Country

The Scurfy Bark-Louse. (Country Gentleman, for June 9, 1892,

440 Forty-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEUM

Bear. Helophilus latifrons—one of the Syrphus flies. Chloropisca prolifica, yee

the Prolific Chlorops. Dynastes Tityus, the Rhinoceros Beetle. Bruchus
obsoletus, the Bean-Weevil. Bruchus rufimanus, the European Bean-Weevil.
Bruchus lentis, the Lentil Weevil. Conotrachelus nenuphar, the Plum cur-
culio. Cicada septendecim, the Periodical Cicada. BrizF NoTES ON VARIOUS
INSECTS: Ocneria dispar, the Gypsy Moth. Spilosoma Virginica, the Yellow
Woolly Bear. Thyridopteryx ephemerzeformis, the Bag-worm. Erebus
odora. Tmetocera ocellana, the Eye-spotted Bud-moth. Cecidomyia bal-
samicola, the Balsam Cecidomyia. Cecidomyia sp.? within a jumping gall.
Epilachna borealis, the Northern Lady-bird. Sitodrepa panicea, as a Leather
Beetle. Aphodius fimetarius, a Dung Beetle. Saperda candida, the Round-
headed Apple-tree Borer. Diabrotica 12-punctata, the 12-spotted Diabrotica.
Phytonomus punctatus: the fungus infesting it. Monarthrum mali, the
Apple-tree Bark Beetle. Aphis brassicz, the Cabbage Aphis. Myrmeleon
?immaculatus: a Strange Habitat for the Larva. Dendroleon obsoletum; a
Climbing Ant-Lion. Inyur1ous ARTHROPODS: Bryobia pratensis, the Clover
Mite. Cermatia forceps—a Household Centipede. APPENDIX. (A) EnTO-
MOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS: The Insects of the Past Year and Progress in
Insect Studies. Late Experiences with Insects Injurious to the Orchard and
Garden. (B) LIsT OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. (C) CONTRI-
BUTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT. GENERAL INDEX.

Slugs on Pear Trees. (Country Gentleman, for May 19, 1894,

lv, p. 387, c. 2, 3—20 cm.)

An attack on pear-trees in Orange, N. J., is recognized as that of the
pear-tree slug, Hriocampa cerasi( Peck), which also occur on cherry, quince,
and plum trees. The two broods are noticed. It may be killed by powdered
hellebore, dry or in water, spraying with Paris green, dusting with powdered
lime or even with road dust unless just before molting. Are there three
broods in New Jersey ?

[See pages 335, 336 of this Report (ix). ]

Gentleman, for May 26, 1892, lvii, p. 407, c. 416 cm.)

_ Insects from Central Kentucky as quite injurious to wild-goose plum trees
and ‘‘ observedalso on the burning bush,” are Myzus cerasi (Fabr.). Although
for a long time thought to occur only on the cultivated cherry, it isnow met
with occasionally ontheplum. Spraying with strong whale-oilsoap solution
would be effective if all the insects were reached by it. Kerosene emulsion
would be preferable, if used before the aphids are protected by the curling
of the leaves. This aphis is not found on the burning bush: another black
species, Aphis rumicis (Linn.), was probably mistaken for it.

lvii, p. 458, c. 1—26 cm.)

Scale-insects on apple twigs from High Bridge, N. J., are Chionaspis
furfurus (Fitch), occuring on most of the fruit-trees, and distributed from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and recently found in Europe. The specimens

NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 44]

received on small twigs, were of an unusually elongate shape. Spraying
with kerosene emulsion soon after they are hatched, will kill them. Other
remedies are application of ‘‘ heavy-oil,”’ soap-suds and carbolic acid, and
other means mentioned in the Country Gentleman, for March 1, 1888, p. 169.

‘The Harlequin Cabbage-Bug. (Country Gentleman, for June 9,

1892, lvii, p. 458, c. 1, 2—27 cm.)

The conspicuous and peculiar markings of this insect, the Murgantia
histrionica (Hahn.), received from Woodbury, N. J., have given to it its
specific and popularname. It feeds on most of the Cruciferae; its distribu-
tion is noticed: now for the first time received from New Jersey. Recom-
mendations for destroying it are: sprinkling with hot water; trapping with
leaves placed on the ground; burning the rubbish of the fields; destroying
the hibernated insects while ovipositing in the early spring, and crushing the
eggs. The insect develops rapidly —may mature from eggs within three
weeks. .

[ See pages 315-317 of this Report (ix). ]

The Pear-tree Psylla. (Science for June 17, 1892, xix, pp. 343,

—844— 30 cm.)

Recent injuries to pear-trees from two pests, Diplosis pyrivora and Psylla
pyri: when they were introduced: injuries from the latter in the Hudson
river valley: what the insect is: when it appears in its several stages: should
not be hard to control: may be killed by spraying when first hatched, and
even after it is winged, with kerosene emulsion: the Vermorel nozzle pre-
ferable against the winged insect, and how to use it.

[See extended notice in pp. 317-829 of this Report (ix). ]

The Apple-tree Tent-Caterpillar. (Country Gentleman, for June

23, 1892, lvii, p. 492, c. 1—11 cm.)

In reply to inquiry from Boston, Mass., for preventive meansagainst cater-
pillars which have defoliated fifty apple-trees: the insect, Clisiocampa
Americana Harris, is easily controlled by two methods—either by collecting
the egg-belts while the trees are leafless and burning them, or by destroying
the nests with the contained larvz as soon as they can bediscovered in early
spring, during the cool part of the day.

Aster and Lily Pests. (Country Gentleman, for June 23, 1892,

lvii, p. 492, c. 1—12 cm.)

The ‘‘ minute white objects” associated with myriads of small red ants
(specimens not submitted), covering the roots of asters in Riga, N. Y., are
probably a species of plant-louse, and perhaps the Aphis Middletonii of
Thomas (8th Illinois Report). The ‘‘ worms” boring into the stalk of lilies
below the ground, judging from the brief description sent, are one of the
Myriapods or ‘‘ thousand-legged worms.’”’ These may be killed by lime-water
or nitrate of soda in solution. For the Aphides, withdraw the ground and .
apply strong soap-suds, or tobacco water or pyrethrum water, or pour hot
‘water on the ground about the plants.

{Published in pp. 371, 372 of this Report (ix). |

1893. 56

442 Robadiee REPORT ON THE er M USEUM aS SSN

The Cow-Horn Fly. (Country Gentleman, for June 30, 1892, Ini, .
p. 501, c. 2—16 cm.)

A remedy is asked for the fly, Hematobia serrata, which is occurring =530),
millions” in Madison county, N. Y. It is rapidly increasing and spreading
throughout this State, and has also appeared in Ohio, Kentucky and Missis-. |
sippi. Any of the greases or oils with some carbolic acid, if rubbed on the
cattle, will usually act as a repellant, as also tobacco-dust rubbed into the
hair. Spraying the cattle with kerosene emulsion two or three times a week
will drive away the flies and prevent their return. The larve may bekilled ~~
by daily spreading thinly the fresh droppings where they breed or by |
sprinkling lime thereon. | ;

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The Meal-Worm, Tenebrio Obscurus. (Country Gentleman, for
June 30, 1892, lvii, p. 501, c. 2, 3—18 cm.)

Insects infesting wheat in a granary in Buckland, Va., are the American.
meal-worm, Tenebrio obscurus Fabr. The larva and beetle are character-
ized ; is more injurious than the European 7. molitor, as it prefers dry and_
sound flour; both infest granaries, mills, and farm houses. Thebest remedy
for it is bisulphide of carbon, used as directed, one ounce to a hundred
pounds of grain. The dead insects should be removed from the grain, as.
serious results have followed their having been ground into the flour.

[Extended in pp. 307-309 of this Report (ix).]

4
“5
:

The Pear-Leaf Blister. (Country Gentleman, for June 30, 1892,.
lvii, p. 504, c. 2—7 cm.)

Leaves from Carlton, N. Y., are nearly covered with the pear-leaf blister,
caused by the operations of ite microscopic mite, Phytoptus pyrt. Sulphur
has been used for killing, but when applied it can reach so few of the concealed
mites that it is not effective. The best remedies are found in picking off
and burning the iafested leaves or the branches, heavy pruning in the winter —
or spring, or in the removal of the infested tree. Reference is made to the

_ Country Gentleman of October 2d, 1890, for further information of the Phy-.
-toptide and of the species.

Injuries toa Maple Tree. (Country Gentleman, for July 21, 1892,
lvil, p. 552, c. 2—8 cm.)
The tree has probably been attacked by the maple-tree borer, Glycobius-

speciosus. The remedies for this attack are given. The eggs observed under
a thin gray film on the bark could not have been the source of the attack.

A Cauliflower Pest. (Country Gentleman, for August 11, 1892)
lvii, p. 600, c. 3—6 cm.)

Pieris rape is identified as injurious to cauliflowers at Cheviot-on-Hudson. |

Recommendation is made to mix fresh pyrethrum powder with four times

its bulk of flour, and, after it has stood for twenty-four hours, to dust it
thinly over the caterpillars.

Ninra Report or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 443
» 3

Pear-eating Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for September 8, 1892,
lvii, p. 667, c. 2, 83—8 cm.) :

A beetle, from Buffalo, N. Y., eating into pears, is the Indian Cetonian,
Euphoria Inda(Linn.). Its habits are given, as also its injuries to fruit and:
vegetables, and means of protection from it.

Roseleaf Caterpillar. (Country Gentleman, for September 8,
1892, lvii, p. 667, c. 3—5 ecm.)

A caterpillar feeding on roseleaves at Cos Cob, Conn., the prominent fea-

tures of which are given, is one of the Cochliopode, but can not be identified

at present.
[It was subsequently identified as Parasa chloris H.-S. ]

Strawberry Root Grub. (Country Gentleman, for September 8,
1892, lvii, p. 667, c. 3 —4 cm.)

For the white grub infesting strawberry roots, remedies named are digging:
out, and pouring kerosene emulsion over the roots.

The Black Blister Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for September
15, 1892, lvii, p. 689, c. 3—7 cm.)

In reply to complaint from Meriden, Conn., cf this beetle, Epicauta Penn-.
sylvanica (De Geer), several of the food-plants of the insect are given, and
remedies for it, as beating into a vessel of water with kerosene, dusting with
pyrethrum powder, and inclosing the blossoms in gauze during the preva-
lence of the beetles.

The Hag-Moth Caterpillar. (Country Gentleman, for September
22, 1892, lvii, p. 709, c. 3 — 8 cm.)

A caterpillar from East Greenwich, R. I., is the Phobetron pithecium (Sm.-
Abb.). Its peculiar features are given. It is often received for name in
August and September. Its food-plants and stinging powers.

Remedy for the Army Worm. (Country Gentleman, for October
6, 1892, lvii, p. 750, c. $—7 cm.)

The best remedy for the army worm in its migrations is ditching with walls:
sloping inward and deep holes at intervals. Other remedies are barriers of
boards coated with tar, rolling the ground when smooth to crush the worms,
and poisoning with Paris green, stripsof the threatened crop in advance of
attack.

Weevil ina Granary. (Country Gentleman, for October 6, 1892,
lv, p. 750, ec. 3—5 em.) |
Bisulphide of carbon — about one pound to a ton cf grain, in an open ves-

sel on top of the grain will kill the weevils in a tight granary, without injury
to the grain, or affecting it for food purposes.

é

444 PORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM Be Shee

‘Tent Caterpillar. (Country Gentleman, for October 13, 1892,

Kerosene Emulsion. (Country Gentleman, for October 13, 1892,

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‘The spotted Horn-Bug. (Country Gentleman, for October 13,

1892, lvii, p. 767, c. 3—14 cm.)

A beetle of this species, Dynastes Tityus (Linn.), is received from Mayne, es,
“Maryland, where it was taken in a ripe pear. Its more prominent features
-are given. It is a southern form which has once been taken in the State of
New York. Not having been recorded as injurious to fruit, if it had eaten.
-into the pear in the above instance, it would indicate a possibility of its
becoming a fruit pest. October is apparently a little late for the occurrence
-of the beetle.

[See page 342 of this Report (ix). ]

‘Cabbage Worms. (Country Gentleman, for October 13, 1892,

lvii, p. 767, c. 4—6 cm.)

In reply to inquiry whether the published remedy of sprinkling corn meal —
over the leaves when wet with dew will destroy the caterpillars, answer is
‘made: The efficiency of the proposed remedy isimprobable. It has met with
ridicule in some scientific journals. A test of it can easily be made.

[Some late experiments seem to show that the caterpillars a be killed

by the meal. |

lvii, p. 767, c. 4 — 5 cm.)

A formula for killing this insect, consisting of kerosene, water, castile soap, 7
and caustic potash, in proportions given, of which its value is asked, does —
not promise to kill the caterpillars by contact or through feeding. Reliable
methods are collecting and burning the egg-belts, and wiping out = crush-
ing the nests when first formed.

—_=ae os ras

lvil, p. 767, c. 4— 8 cm.)

Replying to inquiry —the method of making the emulsion is given, and _ :
directions for applying it to strawberry plants for killing the grubs at the
roots.

“Will the Cow-Horn Fly Remain with us? (Country Gentleman,
for October 13, 1892, lvi, p. 769, c. 4 —18 cm.)

Although very injurious in New Jersey in 1888, it is now no more annoy- - 5
ing in that State than is Stomoxys calcitrans. Two or three years hence it
will probably have diminished in number to the same extent in the State of
New York, although it will doubtless continue as a pest in localities favor-
able for its multiplication, Will the Hamatobia serrata eventually drive
away the Stomoxys (an early importation) after the manner of many newly
infested pests, as Pieris rapce has done with Pieris oleracea? Thenameof
‘‘ Buffalo” fly is improperly applied to this insect: suggestion as to how it
may have received it.

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NintTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 445

A Thrips Attack on Cabbage. (Country Gentleman, for October
27, 1892, lvii, p. 809, c. 2, 3 — 27 cm.)

Cabbage and cauliflower leaves received from Kingston, Pa., abound with
a minute Thrips, the particular species of which:can not be named: it is
probably an undescribed species, no attack of the kind having been previ-
ously reported. The number of genera and species of Thrips: their low
position’ among insects: referred to Thysanoptera: their general features:
carnivorous and herbivorous: food plants: the nature of injury to cabbage
and cauliflower by this species: pyrethrum will prevent injury by it.

The Tischeria Apple-Leaf Miner. (Country Gentleman, for
October 27, 1892, lvii, p. 809, c. 8, 4 — 20 cm.)

Reddened leaves from an orchard in Schenectady, N. Y., show the attack
of Tischeria malifoliella Clemens. The mines and the process of their
construction are described. They contain at this time the larva, which
hibernates in the leaves and transforms to the pupa and imago in the spring.
The remedy would be, collecting and burning the infested fallen leaves.
during the autumn or winter. The insect extends over a large part of the
United States into Texas. It is rather local, and seldom, for reasons given,
proves particularly injurious. It occurs also on Crategus, blackberry, and
raspberry.

Distribution of the Pear Psylla. (Country Gentleman, for.
November 3, 1892, lvii, p. 831, c. 2, 3 —13 cm.)

' The probable introduction of Psylla pyricola at Salisbury, Conn., in 1832,
is stated, together with its present known distribution. Request is made for:
information of its occurrence in other localities; and as aid in its recognition,
its features and mode of operating are stated.

The Cow-Horn Fly in New York. (Country Gentleman, for.
_ November 10, 1892, lvii, p. 847,c. 1— 10 cm.)

The interest attaching to the spread of insect pests into new territory,
renders it desirable to ascertain the extent to which this fly has been dis-.
tributed over the State of New York during the two and a half years that it
has been known therein. Of the sixty counties of the State, it has been
reported from twenty-eight. Information of its presence in any of the
other thirty-two counties (named) would be gratefully received by the State
Entomologist.

Apple-Tree Bucculatrix. (Country Gentleman, for December
22, 1892, lvii, p. 967, c. 2— 8 em.)

Cocoons from Clyde, N. Y., contain the pupe of Buculatrix pomifoliella
Clemens. The transformations of the insect and the remedies for it, are.
named. :

(D)
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST DURING THE
YEARS 1870-1874.

| First Observation of Pieris rapee in New York.] (Sunday Morn- ~ ;
ing Press [Albany, N. Y.], for August 7, 1870, p. 4.) >

Examples of this butterfly, introduced from Europe into Quebec about the
year 1857, were taken within the city of Albany a few days since,-and could
be seen at the New York State Museum of Natural History.

“The Poisonous Cabbage-Worm.” (Albany Argus, for October
20, 1870.) ;

Newspaper statements of the poisonous nature of the Pieris rape larva,
and of its poisoning the cabbage on which it feeds, are entirely unwar-
ranted and untrue. Its excrement may render the cabbage unsuitable for
table use unless properly cleansed. What the cabbage-worm is, how it was
introduced and has been distributed, and the injuries caused by it.

The Recently Imported Cabbage-Butterfly — Pieris rape. [Read
before the Albany Institute, November 2, 1870.] (The Albany
Argus, for November 2, 1870. Proceedings of the Albany
Institute, i, 1873, pp. 199-201.) 3

First seen in Albany in the summer of 1870; brought to the United States —

in 1857; its distribution; its transformations and life-history; probability of
its spread throughout the United States; no parasite yet attacking it.

On Grapte interrogationis and Fabricii Epw. (Transactions of
the American Entomological Society, for December, 1870, iii,
pp. 197-204.) Separate with cover and half-title.

Exception is taken to the conclusions of Mr. W. H. Edwards that the
black-winged Grapta (wmbrosa) is the interrogationis of Fabricius, and the
red-wing, the C-aureum of the same author. The uncertainty and confusion
among different authors as to C-aurewm is reviewed. The umbrosa form
seems not to have been described by any of theold authors. [Itsubsequently
proved to be a dimorphic form of G. interrogationis, as shown by Mr
Edwards. }

Spectrum femoratum. ~ (Country Gentleman, for as 31, 1871,
KEXVI,.p. 02,0, 2—9 cm.)

Identification of the species from Columbia, Missouri. It is commonly —
_ known as the “‘ walking-stick” or ‘‘ spectre-insect.”

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NinTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 447

3 ] ae ;
_{Dryocampa imperialis Harris.] (Country Gentleman, for Sep-
tember 21, 1871, xxxvi, p. 600, c. 2—8 cm.)
Description of the moth and note on its transformations and habits.

Pieris rape Parasite. (American Naturalist, v. 1871, p. 742.
Canadian Entomologist, for November, 1871, iui, p. 197.)

The cabbage butterfly has been attacked by a parasite. Large numbers of
a species of Pteromalus were bred from chrysalids of P. rapce during the
last of September. It is thought to be identical with the P. puparum which
preys upon it in Europe.

Cabbage Butterfly. (Country Gentleman, for November 16,
; 1871, xxxvi, p. 728, c. 1— 17 cm.)

Notice of the larve of Pieris rape in Delaware; notes on the species sha
discovery of its parasite, Pteromalus puparwm, in Albany, N. Y., in October
of the present year.

Cut Worms in Corn. (Country Gentleman, for May 30, 1872,
XXXV1i, p. 339, c. 2— 11 cm.)

Caterpillars which had cut off the corn below the surface of the ground
from several acres in Queens county, N. Y., after the manner detailed, are
identified as young cut-worms, which in their immature state can not be

referred to any of the twelve or fifteen known species. Judging from their
habits as given, they may be Mamestra Arctica Boisd.

Spindle Worms. (Country Gentleman, for June 13, 1872, xxxvii,
p. 376, c. 1, 2—8 cm.)
Caterpillars eating into the stalks of corn in Dutchess county, N. Y., are

probably a species of Gortyna, asseveral of the genus are known as notorious
| burrowers in stalks, etc.

Apple-Twig Borer on Pear Trees. (Country Gentleman, for
June 13, 1872, xxxvii, p. 375, c. 2, 3— 32 cm.)

Habits, distribution, and injuries of the species, Amphicerus bicaudatus
(Say), and remarks on the importance of a knowledge of the natural history
of injurious insects.

[See Second Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp. 125-182, figs,
28-31. ]

Hessian Fly. (Country Gentleman, for June 13, 1872, xxxvii, p.
376, c. 2—6 cm.)
Identification of the ‘‘ flax-seeds” fern Franklin county, Ohio, where they
occur in abundance at the joints of the wheat stalks.
Bark Louse. (Country Gentleman, for July 11, 1872, xxxvii, p.
440, c. 2, 3— 8 cm.)

The insect infesting a thorn-hedge in} Windsor, Canada, is a species of
Coccus. Remarks on the Coccide, their habits, the means and the best time
for destroying them.

X\

448 Forry-SixTH REPORT ON THE (STATE M USEUM 2 bs 3s abe :

Owl Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for July 18, 1872, _XXxvii, Bast
456, c. 1 — 9 cm.)

The Alaus oculatus identified, with description and habits, and mention
of the frequent occurrence of its larva in old apple-trees.

Revision of Some of the American Butterflies. (American
Naturalist, vi, 1872, pp. 354-3859.) |

Review of a publication under the above title, published by Samuel H,
Scudder, in the Report of the Peabody Academy of Science for 1871,

pp. 24-82.

Biography of Hemileuca Maia (Daury). (Entomological Contri-
butions, 1872, pp. 5-21, pl. 2, figs. 1-8. Twenty-third Annual
Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, for the
year 1869. 1873, pp. 187-153.) Also in the Swiss Cross, for
April, 1887, 1, pp. 185-189, figs. 1-3.

Presents the life-history of this Bombycid moth under the following sub-
heads: the egg; egg-belt; egg-cement; oviposition; hibernation; hatching;
egg-shell; young larva; first molt; second molt; third molt; sting of larva;
fourth molt; fifth molt; mature larva; food-plants; parasites; pupation; the
pupa; imago; metamorphoses; discrepancies; rarity; habits of the imago;
geographical range; synonymy; additional note on pupation, etc.: an inter-
esting variety of the moth. .

_ Observations on Melitzea Phaéton (Fazr.). (Entomological Con-
tributions, 1872, pp. 22-25. Twenty-third Report on the N.Y.
State Cabinet of Natural History, for the year 1869. 1873,
pp. 154-157.)

Rarity of the species; eggs obtained from a female described; death of the
larvee after preparing for hibernation; fatality attendant on hibernation;
Chelone ylabra, the food-plant; the insect confined to a very small area at.
Center, N. Y.; other localities for it; the genus Melitea, with the exception

_ of Phaéton, confined to west of the Mississippi river; seventeen species.
known according to Edwards [now increased to thirty-seven].

Notes on Melitza Nycteis (Dovst.). (Entomological Contribu-
tions, 1872, pp. 26, 27, fig. 14 of pl. 8. Twenty-third Report
on the N. Y. State Cabinet ofj Natural History, 1873, pp. |

158, 159.)

Larve found feeding on Helianthus divaricatus L. are described, and
after a subsequent molt and at maturity: the chrysalis is described and fig- ‘
ured. Another colony taken from the same food-plant were carried through
two molts, after which they became lethargic and died before hibernation. ©
Note on its abundance at Center, N. Y., and absence from other neighboring:

localities.

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NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 449

Notes on Pieris oleracea (Harris). (Entomological Contributions,
1872, pp. 28, 29. Twenty-third Report on the N. Y. State
Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp. 160, 161.)

The eggs and the emergence of the larvz, with notes on the four molts.
From the egg to the imago is but three weeks. There are three broods each
year, and there may be a fourth as shown by data given.

Descriptions of New Species of Nisoniades. (Entomological Con-

tributions, 1872, pp. 30-36, figs. 1-12 of plate 7. Twenty-third
Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873,
pp. 162-168, figs. as above.)
Description of N. Jcelus and its egg, time of its appearance, and the mytho-
logical import of its name. Description of N. Lucilius and its comparison
with JN. Perstus Scudd., which it resembles; abundant at Schoharie, N. Y.
N. Ausonius is described from the only example that has occurred; it seems
to be the rarest of the Nisoniades.

Description of a New Sphinx. (Entomological Contributions,
1872, pp. 37-89, figs. 8-13 of pl. 8. Twenty-third Report on
the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp. 169-171,
figs. as above.) |

The male and female moths of Hilema pineum are described, and also the
larva from examples taken on pines at Schoharie, N. Y. Comparison is
made with #. Harrisii and E. pinastri. Reference is made to the larva of
E. coniferarum (Sm.-Abb.).

List of Sphingide occurring in the State of New York. (Ento-
mological Contributions, 1872, pp. 40-43. Twenty-third Report
on the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp.
172-175.) 7

Forty species are recorded, arranged under their subfamilies, and giving
their principal synonyms.

List of Butterflies Occurring in the State of New York. (Ento-
mological Contributions, 1872, pp. 44-47. Twenty-third Report
on the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp.
176-179.)

The list embraces 113 species, with notes on those of rare occurrence, and
mention of 13 others which may be presumed to occur in the State.

Calendar of Butterflies for the Year 1869. (Entomological Con-
tributions, 1872, pp. 48-55. Twenty-third Report on the N. Y.
State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp. 180-187.)

_Contains notes on sixty-three species as they appeared successively, from
Thecla Irus Godt., on April 27th, to Pamphila Leonardus (Harris) on August

1893 57

450 Forvy-SixtH Report on tHE State Museum

ae
20th; eae also comparative abundance, number of broods, dates, when
observed, habits, observations on their larve, etc. Oper 8

Dates of Collection of New York Heterocera. (iubomelaeiat © ‘
Contributions, 1872, pp. 56-65. Twenty-third Report on the
N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp. 188-197.)

‘Contains dates of collection of ninety-four species during the year 1869, SG
under their respective families, and of two hundred species in years prior to
1869. Also notes on the following species: Darapsa Myron, Trochilium #
(Bembecia) marginatum, Lycomorpha pholus, Orgyia leucostigma, Hudryas ‘
unio, Ichthyura inclusa, Hyperchiria Io, Anisota senatoria, Nadata gibbosa
Platycerura furcilla, Xyleutes [Cossus| robiniw, Gonopteryx libatrix, Cleora
pulchraria, and Zerene catenaria. :

List of North American Lepidoptera Contained in “Species Gén- _
éral des Lépidoptéres,” by A. Guenée. (Entomological Con-
tributions, 1872, pp. 66-80. Twenty-third Report on the N. Y.
State Cabinet of Natural History, 1873, pp. 198-212.) |

Embraces above six hundred species described in the six volumes of the
above-named work, with reference to volume and page; particular habitat
when given, and also designation of the species credited to, or known by the
compiler to occur in, the State of New York, of which thereare two hundred
and fifty-three species. {4

Notes on Cucullia intermedia Spryrr. (Entomological Contribu-
tions, 1872, pp. 81-84, figs. 5, 6, 7 of pl. 8. Twenty-third
Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural PhaehOnTe 1873,
pp. 218-216, figs. as above.) }

The larva is described, its probable food-plants named; its earthen cocoon ~
and how constructed, and its pupa; the two annual broods; how the imago
feeds. Noteon the larvaof Cucullia convexipennis and its cocoon. Remarks
‘on a translation of a paper by Dr. A. Speyer ‘‘On Cucullia intermedia and
C. lucifuga” givenin thefollowing pages (85-90); and on the valuable studies
made by him of our American Noctuide. Mr. Meeke’s field collections, and
the cyanide bottle.

On the Larva and Imago of Sesia diffinis Harris. (Twenty- 7
fourth Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural —
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 109-111. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 5-7.) |
The larva, taken from bush-honeysuckle, Diervilla trifida, is described: ir i

remarks on the ‘‘ annulets” (usually eight) in which the segments of the 3
Sphingide are divided: flight and other habits of the imago in the breeding

- Ninvu Rerorr or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST ADL

x

cage: the slightly attached wing-scales in this and allied species: the species
_ abroad.
[Now known as Hemaris diffinis (Boisd.). ]

Transformations of Sesia Buffaloensis Gr.-Roz. (Twenty-fourth
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 112,113. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 8,9. Also in Transactions of
the American Entomological Society, xv, 1588, p. 105.)

Descriptions of the egg and of the larva in its five stages(four molts), of its
cocoon, and its pupation. The eggs and larva were found on the snowball,
Viburnum opulus.

[Now generally known as Hemaris Buffaloénsis (Gr.-Rob.). |

On the Larva and Pupa of Thyreus Abbotii Swainson. (Twenty-
fourth Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 114-116. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 10-12.)

The ‘‘male” and ‘‘ female” larve and the pupa are described, with refer-
ence to marked variations in the larve of Deilephila lineata; and remarks
on the pupation of 7. Abbotii occurring either above or below the surface of
the ground.

[The two forms of this larva have since been shown to be simply dimorphic
and not, as for a long time supposed, sexual. |

On the Larva of Philampelus Achemon (Drury). (Twenty-fourth
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History,
for the year 1870: L872, pp. 117, 118. Entomological Contri-
butions — No. IT, 1872, pp. 13, 14.)

Description of the egg, the young larva, the larva after each of its four
molts, and at maturity.

Smerinthus geminatus Say and its Supposed Varieties. (Twenty-
fourth Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 119-127. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 15-23.)

Description of the egg and of the larva in its first stage and after its first,
second and third molts (the usual fourth molt of the Sphingide did not occur),
and at maturity: notes on the pupation: time passed in the several stages:
is double-brooded: a variety bred having but one ocellated spot on the
secondaries: the S. Jamaicensis of Drury: S. Cerisyi Kirby believed to be a
variety of S. geminatus [since shown to be a good species]: S. opthalmicus
compared with S. geminatus and S. ocellatus of Europe: bibliography of
S. geminatus. .

a

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/

452 Forry-sixrn Reporr on THE Srare Museum.

‘ <

Transformations of Daremma undulosa WALKER. (Twenty- Ps
fourth Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 128-131. Entomological

Contributions— No. II, 1872, pp. 24-27. )

Remarks on rearing Lepidopterous larveon their living food- -plant jieleada
ina net. Description of the larva of D. wndulosa in each of its five stages,

and of the pupa: its food-plants.

Notes on Platarctia Parthenos (Harris). (Twenty-fourth Annual
Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, for the
year 1870: 1872, pp. 132, 133. Entomological Contributions —
No. I], 1872, pp. 28, 29.)

Notes on the young larva and dates of seven molts, hibernation and pupa-
tion, and markings of the imago.

[In the Smith ‘‘ List of Lepidoptera of Boreal North Ariesoes 1891, this
species is referred as a synonym to hyperborea of Curtis. |

Notes on Euprepia Americana (Harris). (Twenty-fourth Annual ©

Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, for
the year 1870: 1872, pp. 134, 135. Entomological Contribu-
tions — No. II, 1872, pp. 30, 31.)
Description of the egg and notes on the larval molts: regarded by some
writers as identical with caja of Europe: Packard’s description of the larva.
[Catalogued as a variety of E. caja (Linn.) in the Smith List of
Lepidoptera. |

Notes on Euchetes egle (Drury). (T'wenty-fourth Annual Report |

on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, for the

year 1870: 1872, pp. 186, 187. Entomological Contributions a

—No. II, 1872, pp. 32, 33.)

The caterpillar described in its last_three stages with their habits: parasites
from the larve: a difficult species to carry to its imago stage.

Transformations of Lagoa crispata Pacxarp. Twenty-fourth |

Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural

History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 138-145. Entomological —
Contributions — No. I, 1872, pp. 34-44.) ma

Its eggs, from Quercus ilicifoliu, described: the young larva, and habits
and features after each of its five molts: its stinging power: the cocoon
with its peculiar lid: pupation, and the pupa: emergence of the Imago:
abundance of the larve at Center, N.;Y.: a parasitic attack.

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NintH REPORT oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 453

Transformations of Hyperchiria Io (Fasr.). (Twenty-fourth
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 146-149. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 42-45.)

The caterpillar described after its last four molts and at maturity; pro-
cessionary habits in its second stage : its pupation: its mi alanis the true Io
of Fabricius —not varia of Walker.

Transformations of Eacles imperialis (Drury). Twenty-fourth |
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 150-154. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 46-50.)

Description of the egg, the first larval stage, the four subsequent stages,
and death from bacterial disease. A number of nearly full-grown larve

collected from pines, Pinus strobus, in September, and their transformations
to the imago.

Larval Notes on Anisota senatoria (Smira). (Twenty-fourth
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 155, 156. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 51, 52.) Fide

Oviposition on under surface of oak leaves, Quercus prinoides, in July:
the four molts of the larvze and pupation. Trains on the New York Central

railroad stopped by the caterpillars on the rails: their great abundance
annually at Center, N. Y.

Calendar of Butterflies for the year 1870. (Twenty-fourth Annual
Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History,
for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 157-167. Entomological Contri-
butions — No. II, 1872, pp. 53-63.)

Observations of seventy-three species of butterflies occuring in six locali-
ties in the vicinity of Albany during the spring and summer of 1870, indicat-
ing each day of occurrence, are given in tabular form. Twenty-nine species
are noted at one locality on June 16th. Also, notes on the abundance,
condition, time of appearance of sexes, successive broods, etc., at various
dates from May 3d to October 21st.

Dates of Collection of some Heterocera for 1870. (Twenty-fourth
Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, for the year 1870: 1872, pp. 168-170. Entomological
Contributions — No. II, 1872, pp. 64-66.)

Embraces twelve species of Sphingidez, nineteen species of Bombycide,
twenty-eight species of Noctuid#, and fourteen species of Phalzenide.

454 Forry-stxru Ruporr on rue Stare Museum
; ‘ las Palen
Hypena, scabra (F apr.) and H. erectalis Guen. (Canadian Hate. <3

mologist, May, 1873, v, pp. 81, 82.) aes Re ka

i , J ‘ Say : a

The two forms hitherto regarded as distinct species are found to be the

same, the former being the male and the latter the female. Dr. Speyer’s

studies on these forms. Reference by the same author of Depressaria Mee
_Ontariella Bethune to D. herachana DeGeer.

Entomology. edinavles on Myrmeleon, Termes, et cet., at a_

Field pgs of the Albany Institute at Schoharie, N. Y.,
June 7, 1873.| (Albany Evening Times, for June 9, 1873, xvii,
p. 3, ¢. 3, 4—385 cm. Proce eedings of the Albany Institute,
1878, 1, pp. 48-50.)

Remarks upon the appearance, habits, etc., of the Ant-lion, Myrmeleon sp. ae
the white ant (Termes flavipes), the cabbies butterfly (Pieris rape), several ;
- caterpillars, and other insects exhibited, of the day’s collection.

Economic Entomology, etc. [Remarks made at a Field Meeting
of the Albany Institute at Watkins Glen, N. Y., June 27, 1873.]
(Albany Evening Times, for June 30, 1873, xvii, p. 3, cols. 3, '

—4— 62 on. Proceedings of the Albany Bech is ii, LS TS.-pp: a
65-69.)

:
On the omnipresence of insects, infesting our food, injuring clothing, and A
sometimes attacking our persons. The province of the economic entomolo-
gist is to guard against these depredations. When powerless to resist them,
parasites often come to our aid, as did Pteromalus puparwm in controlling
Pieris rape. The parasitic habits of Rhyssa atrata, and remarks on Pyra-
meis Atalanta, Melitcea species, and Deloyala {Coptocycla]| clavata.

Caterpillar [on apple tree]. (Country Gentleman, for July 17,
1873, xxxviul, p. 456, c. 2-6 cm.)

Caterpillars from Ottumwa, Iowa, prove to be Notodonta concinna :
their habits, food-plants, how recognized and how they may be destroyed.

Coccus Insect on the Pine. (Country Gentleman, for August Oi
1873, xxxvill, p. 535, .c. 1, 2—23 cm.)

_ Features of Coccus Pumannin Fitch, its operations, and Letmbates for it; 9
in answer to inquiry from Tivoli, N. Y., where large trees are being killed
by it. 4
[See extended notice in the Second Report on the Insects of New York,
‘pp. 180-187, figs. 48-53, as the pine-bark Chermes, Chermes pinicorticis —
(Fitch). ] : ;

cri So. 5 NRIs a st Mam es
Sts NintH RePor?t oF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 455

On the Larva of Eudryas unio (Hiibn.) and Allied Forms.
_ (Twenty-sixth Annual Report on the N. Y. State Museum
of Natural History, for the year 1872: 1874, pp. 117-124, figs.
1-5. Entomological Contributions — No. III, May, 1874, pp.
117-124.)
Larve of E. unio, found feeding abundantly on Epilobium coloratum,
described at maturity. The allied species are Alypia octomaculata (Hibn.)
Psycomorpha epimenis (Drury), and Hudryas grata (Fabr.). Comparisons

are made between these species, and figures given of their larval and perfect
stages.

a

Transformations of some Bombycide. (Twenty-sixth Report on
the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874, pp. 125-128.
Entomological Contributions — No. III, 1874, pp. 125-128.)

The transformations of the following-named species are given: Platysamia -
. Cecropia (Linn.), Callosamia Promethea (Drury), and Actias Luna (Linn.).

Descriptions of the Larve of some Bombycide. (Twenty-sixth
Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874,
pp. 129-134, figs. 6,7. Entomological Contributions — No. III,
pp. and figs. as above.)

Descriptions are given of the following: Parorgyia parallela Gr.-Rob.,
Apatelodes Angelica (Grote), Coelodasys [Schizura] unicornis (Sm.-Abb.)
with figures, Platycerura furcilla Packard, with figures, Dryocampa
rubicunda (Fabr.), and Tolype velleda (Stoll).

Descriptions of the Larve of some Noctuide. (Twenty-sixth
Report of the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874,
pp. 185-141. Entomological Contributions — No. III, 1874,
pp. 1385-141.)

Acronycta Americana Harris MS. [is Acronycta funeralis Gr.-Rob.],
Acronycta morula Gr.-Rob., Ceramica picta (Harris) [is Mamestra picta],
Cucullia convexipennis Gr.-Rob., Cucullia asteroides Guenée, and Catocala
sp.?, are described.

Notes on some New York Bombycide. (Twenty-sixth Report
on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874, pp.
142-156, figs. 8-11. Entomological Contributions — No. IT],
1874, pp. and figs. as above.)

Contains descriptions or notes, mainly larval, of the following species:
Callimorpha Lecontii Boisd., Arctia Arge (Drury), Spilosoma Virginica
(Fabr.), Spilosoma latipennis Stretch, Euchcetes Oregonensis Stretch,
Eucheetes collaris (Fitch), Ichthyura vau (Fitch), Halisidota cary (Harris),
Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.-Abb.), Empretia stimulea Clemens, Phobetron

t \ : a
4 " wry =
paras, hr Agee

456 © FORTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE Srare M USEUM = Gea ee

pithecium (Sm.-Abb.), Lithacodes |Limacodes] fasciola (Her.-Sch.), Nave ar
gibbosa (Sm.-Abb.), Notodonta sp.?, Edema albifrons (Sm.-Abb.), Cerura
borealis (Boisd.), Telea Polyphemus (Linn.), Actias Luna (Linn.), Hemileuca

Maia (Drury), Gastropacha Americana Harris, Clisiocampa Americana
(Harris), Ctenucha virginica (Charp.), and Scepsis fulvicollis (Hiibn.).

Notes on some New York Noctuide. (Twenty-sixth Report on
the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874, pp. 157-167,
fig. 12. Entomological Contributions — No. III, 1874, pp. and
figs. as above.) |

The following species are noticed: Dipthera deridens Guenée (with Awe
of larva), Acronycta Americana Harris MS., Acronycta oblinata (Sm.-Abb.),
Agrotis tricosa nov. sp., Hadena lignicolor (Guenée), Hadena | Mamestra}| |
adjuncta (Boisd.), Cueullia florea Guen., ?Chariclea exprimens (Walker)
[Pyrrhia umbra Hibn.], Chamyris cerintha (Treits.), Plusia balluca (Hiibn.), 5
Plusia ceroides Grote, Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linn.), Catocala parta Guen.,
Mesographe stramentalis Hiibn. [Evergestis straminalis Hiibn.], Nemato-
campa filamentaria Guen., Ennomos magnaria Guen., Amphidasys
[Hubyia] cognataria Guen., Abraxas Eeeiichiel ribearia Fitch. Also,
Notes on the seasons of 1858 and 1859.

Description of New Species of Cucullia. (Twenty-sixth Report —
on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874, pp. :
168-176, figs. 13,14. Entomological Contributions — No. III,
1874, pp. and figs. as above.)
- Describes and figures Cucullia Speyeri from examples taken at Albany and
Sharon Springs, N. Y., with remarks on the five other previously known ‘
N. American species [fifty-two species are now catalogued from boreal
North America], and characterization of the orbicular spot in eleven

native and European species: also, describes Cucullia serraticornis from
examples received from California.

Observation of some New York Rhopalocera for the year 1871.
(Twenty-sixth Report on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural
History, 1874, pp. 177, 178. Entomological Contributions —
INO: FLL i874, pp, 17%, UTS.)

Give dates of observation of forty-six species of butterflies, up to July 7th,
when the record was suspended.

Dates of collection of some New York Heterocera for the year
1872. (Twenty-sixth Report on the N. Y. State Museum of
Natural History, 1874, pp. 179-184. Entomological Contribu-
tions — No. IIL], 1874, pp. 179-184.)

Of Sphingidz, 16 species; Ageride, Zygenidw, and Bombycid2, 18.
species; Noctuids, 69 species; Phalaenidz, 37 species —in all 140 species.
Also, of 59 species taken in preceding years. Also, Notes on Hrastria

carneola Guen., Camptogramma [Plemyria] fluviata Hiibn., and Cryptole-
chia Schlageri Zeller.

Nintu Revor’ or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 457

Description of a Convenient Insect Case. (Twenty-sixth Report
on the N. Y. State Museum of Natural History, 1874, pp.
185-188. Entomological Contributions— No. III, 1874, pp.
185-188, 3 figures.) Also in Fifth Report on the Insects of
Missouri, 1873, pp. 38-40, fig. 21.

Describes the construction of a case with glass sides, on one of which
pieces of cork are cemented for holding the insects —the whole to be bound
in the form of a folio volume; also, of less expensive unbound cases. .

[The above is also contained in Dr. Riley’s ‘‘ Directions for Collecting and
Preserving Insects” (pp. 101-104), published by the Smithsonian Institution,
in 1892.]

_ The Three-lined Leaf-Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for July 23,

1874, xxxix, p. 471, c. 1 — 17cm.)

The insect, Lema trilineata (Oliv.), received from Clyde, N. Y., from
potato vines, is described, its larval habits and transformations given, and
the remedies for it.

_ [See notice in the Second Report of the Insects of New York, 1885, pp.
132-136, figs. 32, 33.]

The Soldier Bug. (Country Gentleman, for July 23, 1874, xxxix,
p. 471, c. 1, 2—12 cm.)

Arma spinosa Dallas, sent from Carbon Cliff, Ill., is a valuable agent in
the destruction of the Colorado potato- beetle.
[Published in the Siath Report on the Insects of New York, 1890, p. 187,
fig. 18, as Podisus spinosus (Dallas). |

A Timothy Eater. (Country Gentleman, for July 23, 1874,
XExIx, p. 471, c. 2—9 cm.)

Notice of an unknown caterpillar feeding upon the heads of timothy at
Jarrettown, Pennsylvania. They spun up in slight cocoons of pieces of
grass and bits of wood, from which it is hoped to obtain the moth for iden-
tification.

[The moth was Leucania sp.? See, also, the Country Gentleman
for August 6, p. 505, c. 1, where the caterpillar is reported as age at the
heart of corn, and on wheat. |

The Raspberry Borer. (Country Gentleman, for July 30, 1874,
Xxxix, p. 487, c. 1—15 em.)

Description of Oberea tripunctata (Fabr.), found in Potsdam, N. Y., gird-
ing the canes of the raspberry; of the manner in which the canes are ringed,
the injury caused by it, and suggestions for the prevention of its increase.

[Extended in the Fifth Report on the Insects of New York, 1889, pp.
231-233, fig. 28 — as Oberea bimaculata (Oliv.). |

5M ther rt] : omer a BA ste ATs : ee. fx
458 FORTY-SIXTH KEPORT ON THE STATE MUSEU. :*

Insect on the Potato. (Country Gehdeman: for = uly 30,
‘Xxxix, p. 488, c. 1, 2—14 cm.)

a - AS
a

+

Insects proving destructive to the potato vines in Sonyea, Livingstert Co. 3
N. Y., are identified as one of the true bugs, known as Cosmopepla carnifex ti
(abr). Beating from the vines, and exposing to poultry recommended. — Py
Habits of allied Hemipterous forms referred to, with difficulty attendee 3
their destruction. “

[See the Second Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp. 144-148 fig. 36. 1

The Joint-Worm. (Country Gentleman, for Septemies 10, 1874,
XXxXIx, p. 584, c. 1, 2—13 cm.)

Account is given of the galls and transformations of Isosoma hordei_ ee
(Harris), with habits and nal in brief, in reply to inquiries from Clarks- wr Be
boro, N. J. eA

[See Fourth Report on the Insects of New York, 1888, pp. 27-35, figs. 10-14.) me

~ Cimex lectularius. (Country Gentleman, for September 24, 187 4, Si

XXx1x, p. 615, ¢. 4— 26 cm.)

The literature, natural history, habits, etc., of the bed-bug given, and fumi-_ if
gation of infested rooms by brimstone recommended for its destruction in this
instance where they infest books and papers in a library at Prarieville, Mo.

[Published also in the Second Report on the Insects of New York, 1885, pp.
16-18. The insect is now known as Acanthia lectularia (Linn.).]

The Maple Leaf Cutter. (Country Gentleman, for October 1,
1874, xxxix, p. 631, c. 1, 2— 29 em.) ,

Identification of Ornix acerifoliella Fitch, destroying maple forests in
Pittsford, Vt., and notice of its operations and occasional multiplication ;

_ probabilities of its continuance in the future.
[Extended in the Fifth Report on the Insects of New York, 1889, pp.
215-219, figs. 22-24, under generic name of Incurvaria. | ;

The Cattle Tick. (Country Gentleman, for October 1, 1874,
XXx1x, p. 631, c. 2— 14 em.)

Appearance and habits of Ixodes bovis Riley, prevalent in Pennsylvania; — a

its abundance at times, and notice of other species of the genus.
The Oil-Beetle. (Country Gentleman, for October 15, 1874,.
XXx1x, p. 663, c. 4—10 cm.) | ii

= |
Notice of appearance, interesting habits and vesicating properties of Meloe :

angusticollis Say, received from Perry, N. Y., and where the insect is founiil 4
[Published in Sixth Report on the Insects of New. York, 1890, pp. 130, 131, er

fig. 15.]

E ; i la > Ae ee / b ie a
€ = 4 aa Md 5
eae & 7! Re es ‘ a é
Re. Ninto Reporr or THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 459

Mr. Otto Meske’s Collection of Lepidoptera. (Albany Evening
Times, for October 27, 1874. Transactions of the Albany
Institute, 1876, viii, pp. 215-220.)

Commended for its arrangement and preparation and perfection of its
specimens : how the field collections were made: the labor devoted to its
arrangement: Mr. Meske’s devotion to the study : the rare Sphingide of the

collection and full New York representation: abundance of Catocalas in
North America: to insure thoroughnessin entomology specialists are required.

Description of a New Species of Calocampa. (Bulletin of the
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 11, October, 1874, pp.
188, 189.)

Calocampa nupera, from localities in New York, hitherto regarded as
identical with C. vetusta of Europe, is described as a new species.

2 7 a a
ers es fon at

tah

(E)
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT.

The following are the Contributions that have been made to the
Department during the year (1892):

HYMENOPTERA.

Examples (4) of Augochlora sp.? from a cavity in decayed wood, in
November. From H. F. Basserr, Waterbury, Conn.

Cocoon clusters of Apanteles rufocoralis Riley, parasitic on larve of
Clisiocampa Americana, Harris, May 29th. From James ANGUS,
West Farms, New York city.

Currant twigs containing larve of the girdler — believed to be Janus
flaviventris Fitch. From J. F. Rosx, South Byron, N. Y.

Bombus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer), Bombus sp., Xylocapa Virginica
(Drury), Vespa maculata Fabr., Vespa sp., Odynerus capra (Sauss.),
and three other species undetermined. From Mrs. E. B. Sirs,
Coeymans, N. Y.

Galls of species not determined on wild rose. From Prof. C. H.

Peck, Albany, N. Y.
LEPIDOPTERA.

Larve of Papilio Cresphontes Cramer, from Choisya ternata.
From Wiriiam Fatconer, Glen Cove, L. I., N. Y.

Ancyloxypha Numitor (Fabr.) and ten specimens of Heterocera
From Mrs. E. B. Smita, Coeymans, N. Y.

Larva of Thyreus Abbotii Swainson. From Mrs. H. Simmons,
Albany, N. Y.

Larva of Sphinx Celeus (Hubn.) parasitized by Apanteles congre-
gatus Say — the imagoes emerging August 24th. From Mrs. ANTHONY
Vicrorin, Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y.

Larve of Podosesia syringe (Harris) boring in lilac. From Joun
L. Locxkwoop, New York city. ita:

Phobetron pithecium (Sm.-Abb.), spun up in its cocoon, August
28th. From Ira Pgasz, Oswego,N. Y. The same, on Cornus,
from Dr. T. C. Aupricu, Tarrytown, N. Y. The same, on oak,
September 5th, from Mrs. J. Carrer Brown, East Greenwich, N. Y.

462 MusEi M eae

Larva of Eucles imperialis (Drury), August 23d. From Rrowa |
Lzwis, Crugers Island, Barrytown, N. Y. oe aa
Larve and pupex of Zeuzera pyrina Linn. in elm. From E. BL s
Souruwicx, Central Park, New York City. a
Larve and imago of Plusia brassicw Riley, from a greenhouse; |
April 12th. From Rev. Dr.Samugt Cox. L.I, N.Y. - ae
Larvee of the eye-spotted bud-moth, Zmetocera ocellana (Schiff. ),in its 2
winter dwelling on apple twigs. From James Frercuzr, Dominion
Entomologist, Ottawa, Canada. ge idee
Tischeria malifoliella Clemens — the larve in mines in apple leaves,
September 22d. From Mr. McDougal, Schenectady, N. Y.
A Tineid, in numerous examples, from trunks of elms. From

Ty aNe GILLIS, Albany, N.Y. os
DipTERA.

Tabanus sulcifrons Macq:, Tabanus lineola Fabr., Sirs ‘YSOPs niger
Macq., Hristalis tenax (linn.) 5 and puparia 6, and a Trypetid and
three Tipulide undetermined. From Mrs. E. B. Sirs, Co
N.Y:

Chrysopila thoracica (Eabr.), Hristalis Meigenii (Wied.), Evistalis.
tenax (Linn.), and ie ei latifrons Loew. From L. = GILLis,
Albany, N. Y.

Hystricia vivida ares From Hon. W. L. Learnep, Albany,
Now : | |

Hematobia serrata R. Desy. From Groras 8. Frencu, Mexico,
Oswego county, N. Y. |

Lauecania flaviceps Loew, April 4th, from birds’ nests collbétea in
the preceding autumn. From Dr. W. H. VanpEnBERG, Fort Edward,
sel

CoLEOPTERA. Ma

Cicindela 6-quttata Fabr., Cicindela generosa Dejean., Silpha
Americana Linn., Macrodactylus subspinosus (Fabr.), and Desmocerus
palliatus (Forst.). From L. N. Gruxis, Albany, N. Y.
Larve of Hurpalus sp? and ?Anisodactylus from roots of straw-
berry plants, October 22d. From H. Van Styxr, New Baltimore,
ENE: |
Dytiscus marginalis Linn. (living, November 11th). From W.C,
Hircucock, Pittstown, N. Y. :
Silvanus Surinamensis (Linn.) in crushed oats; larvee and i imagoes a
of Dermestes murinus Lec. From G. R. Lumspsn, Greenville, Conn.
Silvanus cassice Reiche, and Carpophilus pallipennis (Say). From |&
H. E. Weep, Agricultural College, Miss. ae
Vis fulvipes Mellié (of the Cioide), from the fungus Polystictus — |
versiscolor. From C. L, Sugar, Glen, N. Y.

as. s

-

Fg vate Fer Coe , ee a ,
ab ae are ¢ ; ‘
NINTH REPORT OF THE STATE HNTOMOLOGIST 463

Ellychnia corrusca (Linn.), takenin numbers from the peony. From

Mrs. H. D. Graves, Ausable Forks, N. Y.

Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer), feeding on pollen of roses

and grapes, June 3d. From C. H. Moors, Birds Nest, Va.

Trox unistriatus Beauv. From Brerruoip FEernow, New Paltz, N. Y.

Lachnosterna tristis (Fabr.), 63 examples. From J. 8S. Smart,
Cambridge, N. Y.

Euphoria Inda (Linn.), ponding on ripe pears, August 30th.- From
TG. Avery, Buffalo, N. Y.

Dynastes Tityus (Linn.), taken from a ripe pear, October 4th.
From F. W. Emmorp, Magnolia, Maryland.

Monohammus confusor (Kirby). From. C. M. Reed, Sinclairville,
NY.

Paria aterrima (Oliv.), 3 examples taken from strawberry roots in

November. From H. I. Bassetr, Waterbury, Conn.

t

Systenu frontalis (Fabr.), from gooseberry leaves in August;
Bruchus obsoletus Say, taken alive from a glass case of beans put up
in 1882. From Dr. Perer Couuier, Agricultural Experiment Station,
Geneva, N. Y.

Bruchus obsoletus Say. From GREENVILLE M. IncGatspz, Sandy
Bilt, N.Y.

Tenebrio obscurus Fabr., infesting wheat in a granary. From

RosBert L. Remy, Buckland, Va.

Tribolium ferrugineum (Fabr.) in wheat middlings. From Dr. E.
W. Doran, College Park, Maryland.

Epicauta Pennsylvanica (De Geer) feeding on asters. From A. C.
Rice, Meriden, Conn.

Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linn.) infesting a dwelling-house. From
Aveustus Froyp, Moriches, N. Y.

Lixus concavus Say, and 10 other species of Coleoptera. From Mrs.
E. B. Sairu, Coeymans, N. Y.

HEMIPTERA.

Murgantia histrionica (Hahn.) from cabbage, May 9th. From Isaac
A. Garscum, Woodbury, N. J.

Phymata Wolfii Stal. From W. H. Cotzman, Albany, N. Y.

Myzus cerasi (Fabr.) from ox-heart cherry. From Mrs. E. C. Brin-
KERHOFF, Nunda, N. Y. .

Callipterus castanew Fitch —exuvia of the aphis on the under side
of chestnut leaves. From VreRpPLANcK Cotvin, Albany, N. Y.

Pemphigus tesselluta (Fitch), on alder, in association with the honey-
dew fungus, Scorias spongiosum. From Miss Fitorence B. Himgs,
Albany, N. Y.

y

@

h

oo N. Me.

Galls. of Pr ae eye ten. + From _—

oS

pis fron Joun D. Levinas Monticello, N.Y.
Chionaspis sl oka (Fitch) on apple. From T. 0. AutEr

Bridge, N. J.
ORTHOPTERA.

and Melanoplus eee pane (De Geer) From Mrs. EK. B. s ‘ ;
_Coeymans, N. Ne *

fines HH: rete Gaaiie Four Obnee i ae 2

peLel N&EUROPTERA.

Ephemera sp.—larve of, taken from a water-filter.
-Hopexs, Utica Academy, Utica, N. Y.. nee
Plathemis trimaculata (De Geer.) From L. N. Gius, Albany, oe
N. ye ere
Thrips sp. ?, infesting cabbage and cauliflower. From Mr. Ganeaums,
Kingston, ee :
_ Epeira insularis Hentz, from heliotrope. From Ropert Lexox | 4
Banks, Jr., we N.Y: ce z a
Ixodes sp. ? and Rhipistoma Americana Marx. From Mrs. Grorce ‘ ree |
Norman, Brooklyn, N. Y. : re 4
Gamasus sp. ? feeding on mushrooms. From WiILLIAM FALconEr, _
Glen Cove, N. Y. egy Oa
An Acariden infesting potatoes and thought to be the cause of the e ‘ala
scab. From D. J. Gartu, Scarsdale, N. Y. en 2
— Julus coeruleocinctus Wood, in cavities in potatoes. From D. ene a
Garru, Scarsdale, N. Y.

(F)
CLASSIFIED LIST OF INSECTS NOTICED IN THIS
REPORT.

HYMENOPTERA.

Monostegia ignota (JVorton), the strawberry slug.
Eriocampa cerasi (Peck), the cherry-tree or pear-tree slug.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Papilio Cresphontes Cramer, the yellow-banded swallow-tau.
Podosesia syringe (Harris), the Syringa borer. ,

Ocneria dispar (Zinn.), the Gypsy moth. }
Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.-Abb.), the white-marked tussock-moth.
Dryocampa rubicunda (/adr.), the rosy Dryocampa.
Clisiocampa Americana Harris, the apple-tree tent-caterpillar.
Zeuzera pyrina (Fabr.), the leopard moth.

Plusia brassicze Filey, the cabbage Plusia.

Tmetocera ocellana (Schiff.), the eye-spotted bud-moth.
Carpocapsa pomonella (ZLinn.), the codling-moth.

Coleophora Fletcherella Fern., the apple case-bearer.

DIPTERA.

Pulex irritans Zinn., the common flea.

Hematobia serrata &. Desv., the cow-horn fly.
Pollenia rudis (7wbr.), the cluster fly.

Anthomyia brassicze Bouché, the cabbage fly.
Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz, the Marguerite fly.

CoLEOPTERA.

Adalia bipunctata (Linn.), the two-spotted lady-bird.
Attagenus piceus (Oliv.), the black carpet beetle.
Anthrenus scrophularie (Fabr.), the carpet beetle.
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus (DeG.), Pennsylvania soldier beetle.
Macrodactylus subspinosus (/ér.), the rose-bug.
Lachnosterna fusca (77éh/.) and congeners, the, white grubs.
Lachnosterna tristis (/aér.).
Dynastes Tityus (Linn.), the Rhinoceros beetle.

1894. 59

We aOR AT ge a on ak OR A
% Sar | Wai: te AL. ae Mak it Betas: wee iat ae tee hee
) ¥ x . om 45 PA Ge hae yo Pes

Fock

466 Forry-sixtH Report on THE SvaTe Museum

Allorhina nitida (Zinn.), the fig eater.

Hlaphidion paralleluam Mewm, a maple tree pruner.
Saperda tridentata Oliv., the common elm-tree borer.
Crioceris asparagi (Zinn.), the asparagus beetle.
Doryphora decemlineata (Say), the Colorado potato-beetle.
Diabrotica vittata (7dr), the striped cucumber beetle.
-Galerucella xanthomelena (Schr.) the elm-leaf beetle. e.*
Systena frontalis (/Wdr.). ens
Tenebrio obscurus Fabr., the American meal-worm.
Otiorhynchus ovatus (Zinn.).

Pissodes strobi (Peck), the white-pine weevil.

Eee oe
fe

ete ey ae

Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say, the apple curculio. 4

Anthonomus musculus Say, the strawberry weevil. a

Conotrachelus nenuphar (/erdst), the plum curculio. 4
Craponius inzequalis (Say), the grape curculio. } F

Xyleborus pyri (Peck), the pear-blight beetle. “¢

i"

Phleotribus limimaris (4a77.), the peach-bark Scolytus.

le

ra ©

HEMIPTERA. |
Murgantia histrionica (Hahn.), the Harlequin cabbage-bug. 0 4
Typhlocyba vitis (Harris), the grapevine leaf-hopper.
Psylla pyricola Poerster, the pear-tree Psylla. : .
Myzus ribis (Zinn.), the currant aphis.
Myzus cerasi (Fubr.), the cherry-tree aphis.
Aphis mali Fubr., the apple-tree aphis.
Aphis pruni /abr., the plum-tree aphis.
Aphis Middletonii Thomas, the aster-root aphis.
Pemphigus tessellata (Vtch), the alder-blight aphis.
Phylloxera vitifoliz (itch), the grapevine Phylloxera.
Chionaspis pinifolie (2%tch), the pine-leaf scale-insect.
Mytilaspis pomorum (Bouché), the oyster-shell bark-louse.

ORTHOPTERA.

Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer), the green-striped grasshopper.

NEUROPTERA.

Ephemera sp. ?,.a May-fly.
} ARACHNIDA.

Tetranychus telarius (Zinn.), the red spider.

MyYRIAPODA.
Thousand-legged worms. :
CRUSTACEA.

Crangonyx mucronatus Forbes, a fresh-water shrimp.

rt | Alder blight, 346-347, 408.
. Alder insects: Oe
Ericsoma [Pemphigus] tessellata, 408, 413.
: Lacbuus alnifoliae, 407.
8 Otiocerus, 386. Pemphigus tess-llata, 246, 411, 412, 463.
tis, Athysanus, 400. Alder-leaf Lachnus, 407.
; Aldrich, T. C., insects from, 461.
< 3 [Bufichia] “ ribearia, 456. Aller, T. O., insects from, 4€4.
a lectularia, 458. Allerton, W. L., on Crangonyx, 349.
en infesting potatoes, 464.. Allorhina nitida, 353. :
liella, Ornix, 458. alnifolie, Lachnus, 407, 412.
Alnus rubra insect: Eriosoma [Pemphigus]
tessellata, 408.
aliernatus, Idiocerus, 399.
Alypia octomaculata, 455.
Ainblycephalus Curtisii, 401.
inimicus, 401-402.
melsheimerii, 401.
us vitellinus, 397. sayii, 401.
330, 332 ie Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 464.
fa Americana, 455. Americana Acronycta, 455.
is, 455. Clisiocampa, 293, 441, 456, 461.
Empusa. 3/4. ‘
Euprepia, 452.
Gastropacha, 456.
Penthimia, 397.
Silpha, 462.
American Agriculturist cited, 321.
4 ee ry Butterflies (Scudder) referred to, 448.
es before the Albany Institute, 446. Cultivator cited, 433.
re Cyclopecia cited, 299.
c Entomologist cited, 300, 317, 349, 359.
ess before the Conference of the Fruit and Journal of Science and Arts cited, 309.
> Growers of New South Wales, Australia, meal-worm, 307-309.
x , Naturalist cited, 299, 300(2), 304, 307, 309,
s before the Ohio State Horticultural 311, 447, 448.
i ty, 434. ; ampelopsidis, Telamona, 391.
esses before the Western New York Hor- | Amphicerus bicaudatus, 447.
ult al Society, 414-421, 422-437, Amphidasys [Eubyia| cognataria, 456.
a, Hadena [Mamestra], 456. Amsterdam Daily Democrat cited, 299.
f Amyot and Serville’s Histoire Naturelle des
p a3 Insectes--Hémiptéres cited, 384.
ies, Pluss, 456, Anasa tristis, 434.
‘Ipyrina). Zeuzera, 426. Ancyloxypha Numitor, 461.
Augus, J., insects from, 461.
iscsi, 410. k angusticollis, Meloe, 458.
et 456. Animal collections eaten by Attagenus piceus,
304.
boy Argus cited, 446@). Anisodsctylus, 462.
Snisopteryx vernata, 296, 422.
y y Evening Times cited, 42), 459, y Anisota senatoria, 450, 453.
ons, Edema, 456. annulata, Psylla, 404, 411.

468

Anotia bonnetii, 387.
Anthomyia brassice, 431.
Anthonomus musculus, 431.
quadrigibbus, 419.
signatus, 431.
Antbrenus, 381.
Anthrenus flavipes, 290, 301.
lepidus, 299, 305.
scrophularie, 299-306. .
thoracicus, 299, 301.
Ant-lion, 454.
Ants, 370, 371, 441, 454.
Apanteles congregatus, 461.
rufocoxalis, 461.
Apatelodes Angelica, 455.
Aphide (of Fitch catalogue), 405. _
Aphides, 319, 321, 346, 370, 371, 372, 432, 441.
kerosene for killing, 431, 432.
soap suds for killing, 432.
- Aphididee, 319, 381.
revision of species of Fitch catalogue, 411-
413,
Aphidine, 411.
Aphis aceris Uchetlopnorus aceris], 406, 411,
412.
asclepiadis
405, 411.
berberidis [Rhopalosiphum berberidis], 405,
411, 412.
betulecolens [Callipterus betulzcolens],
406, 411, 412.
brassicee, 405, 412, 440.
cerasicolens, 405, 411, 412.
cerasifolies, 411.
cerasi [Myzus cerasi], 405, 411, 412.
cornifoliz, 405, 412.
crateegifoliz, 406, 412.
“ lanata,” 320.
lanigera [Schizoneura lanigera], 407, 411,
412.
mali, 293, 373, 405, 412, 431.
malifolie, 412.
Middletonii, 371, 441.
pinicolens, 406, 412.

[Siphonophora asclepiadis],

populifoliz [Chaitophorus populifolie],
406, 411, 412.

pruni, 369.

rudbeckiz [Siphonophora rudbeckize], 406,

_ Ail, 412.

rumicis, 440.

sambucifoliz, 406, 412.*
Aphodius fimetarius, 440.
Aphrophora parallela, 410.

quadrinotata, 392.

saratogensis, 410.
Apple curculio destructivein the Western states,

419,

*In consideration of the labor that it would involve, the indication in this index of the syn- ae
onymy of the species listed in the Fitch Catalogue of Homoptera (as given in Aphis species), —
will not be continued, as the accepted nomenclature may readily be found through the page ~

references.

GENERAL INDEX

Apple insects:

Alaus oculatus, 448.
Amphicerus bicaudatus, 447.
Anthonomiis quadrigibbus, 419.
Aphis inali, 293, 373, 405, 431-432,
Bucculatrix pomifoliella, 445.
Caccecia argyrospila, 374. a
Carpocapsa pomonella, 296, 338-342, 422, Ay
Chionaspis furfurus, 440, 464. Pic,

Clisiocampa Americana 441. a a bia y

Coccus arborum-linearis (see Mytilespis OA
pomorum). F :
Coleophora Fletchereila, 374. Nae hea
Hianhidion parallelum, 358-359. y is
ut

os

Macrodactylus subspimosus, 420.
Monarthrum mali, 440.
Mytilaspis pomorum, 373, 411.
Myzoxylus mali= Schizoneura lanigera,
AT ce 2 ks ia
Cicanthus niveus, 464.
Pemphigus pyri, 411, 413.
Psylla mali, 323.
Psylla pyri, 323.
Psylia pyrisuga, 323.
Saperda candida, 440.
Schizoneura lanizera, 411, 412.
Tischeria malifoliella, 445, 462.
Tmetocera ocellana, 296, 373, 462.
’ Zeuzera pyrina, 426.
apple-leaf miner, Tischeria, 445.
Apple-root blight, 403.
Apple seab, spraying for, 435.
Apple-tree aphis, 373, 405, 434.
bark-beetle, 440.
bark-louse, 373.
blight, 407.
Bucculatrix, 445.
insects, 372-374.
tent-caterpillar, 436-437, 441.
Apple-twig borer on pear trees, 447. a
Apple-worm, 296, 332, 314, 422. es
Apricot, Carp°capsa pomonella attacking, 340.
Arachnida, 466.
Archasia galeata, 410.
Arctia Arge, 455.
Arctica, Mamestra, 447.
Arge, Arctia, 455.
argyrospila, Caccecia, 374.
Arma spinosa [Podisus spinosus], 457.
Army-worm, 443.
Arphia sulphurea, 330. 5
arquata, Carynota, 388.
Vanduzea, 410.
Arsenical spraying, 297, 336, 340, 343, B45, 72,
3738, 374, 415, 416, 417, 425, 431.
Arsenites with Bordeaux mixture, 435.
Arsenites with lime, 416.

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GENERAL INDEX 469
ea, Delphax, 386. - Bagging grapes for preventing insect attack, 364
- , , .
ia Bag-worm, 440.
Liburnia, 410.
Ascaris lumbriccides, 298 Bailey, Prof. [L. H.] on a new bush nozzle, 415. :
asclepiadis, Aphis 405 4ti on solubility of London purple, 415.
eetespHora, 4i1 ; balluca, Plusia, 456.
Asellus ee an 349 Balsam Cecidomyia, 440.

balsamicola, Cecidomyia, 440
Banded Ccelidia, 398.
Banded Telamona, 390.

stygius, 348.
Ash: insects injurious to, ;
Dynastes Tityus, 342.

Papilio Cresphontes, 337. aS EES burlap» for Ocneria caterpillars,
As] ee iw. e pe te. Banks, Jr., R. L., Epeira from, 464.
asparagi, Crioceris, 342-343. ' Be ea et Me Ee
MY beetle. 342-343 Bark-louse, 440, 447.
_ teem ; Barnard, Dr. [W. S.] cited, 317, 322.
Aster and lily pests, 371-372. sales Tey ss a ea
asteroides, Cucullia, 455. basillaris, Erythroneura, 403.
Asters: insects attacking, Bassett, H. Fey insects from, 461, 463.
Aphis Middletonii, 371, 441. Beans: insects injurious to,

Bruchus obsoletus, 440, 463.
rufimanus, 440.
Diabrotica vittata, 364.

Epicauta Pennsylvanica, 463.
Atalanta, Pyrameis, 454.
aterrima, Paria, 463.

CAE ome ; Systena blanda, 344.
Athysanus [species referred to Bythoscopus]. Bean weevil 421, 440.
abietis, 400.

Curtisii, 410. se is H.,onspraying for the codling-
eet, 201. Beech: insects injurious to,
2 ely me oan Athysaunus fagi, 401.
eS are Ceelidia subbifasciata [Jassus olitorius]
nigrinasi, 401. 398, 410.
ee: 200. Elaphidion villosum, 358-359.
eee mop lus, 332, Eriosoma [Schizoneura] imbricator, 408.
roche Bo | Jassus olitorius, 410.
ee codason, 415. | Otiocerus coquebertii, 386.
eee optera, 3942 Telamona fagi [Heliria scalaris], 391, 410.
atramentaria, Pollenia, 313. |

Beei-leaf miners, 375.
atrata, Rhyssa [Thalessa], 454. | Beets: insects injurious to,
Attac on pease, An unrecognized, 368. Lygus pratensis, 375.
Attagenus dichrous = piceus, 200.

megatoma—piceus, 302, 303.
Ppiceus, 299-306.
rufipennis — piceus, 300.
spurcus=— piceus, 300.
Atwater, Director of the Office of Experiment
Stations quoted, 414.
Atymna castanez, 410.
querci, 410.
Augochlora species, 461.
Aulacizes mollipes, 396.

Phyllotreta vittata, 375.
Systena blanda, 344, 375.
Benzine, application of, 304.
berberidis, Aphis, 405.
Rhopalosiphum, 411, 412.
Berberry Aphis, 405.
Bernard, D. L., cited, 356.
betulecolens, Aphis. 406, 412.
Callipterus, 411, 412.
Beiitenmuller [Wim.] cited, 300, 301, 307.
: bicaudatus, Amphicerus, 447.
* intense ee oe ; eae bifida, Tettigonia, 395.
gen lutescens [= Cladius viminalis], bimaculata, Oberea, 457.
Thelia, 392.
binotata, Enchenopa, 410.
binotatum, Enchophyllum, 387.
bipunctata, Adalia, 306, 370.
Birch: insects injurious to,
Aphis betulecolens, 406.
Athysanus fenestratus, 400.

auriculata, Smilia, 389.
Ausonius, Nisoniades, 449.
Austrian pines diseased, 376-378.
avenz, Siphonophora, 294.
Avery, T. G., insects from, 463.

B minor, 400.
variabilis, 400.
Babbitt’s Continental Washing powder as an Bythoseopus seminudus, 398. :
insecticide. 434. Elaphidion villosum, 358-359.

Babbitt’s 1776 soap powder as an insecticide, | Birds’ nests, Lauxania flaviceps from, 462.
434. Bisulphide of carbon, 308, 363, 427, 439, 442, 448. ;

470
Black-and-red woolly bear, 439-440.
Black ants, 370.
Blackberry, Insects Injurious to, cited, 430.
’ Black blister beetle, 443.
Black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma:
abundance, 3803.
a dangerous museum pest, 304.
bibliography and synonymy, 200,
description of the beetle, 303.
detected as a carpet pest, 302.
feather felting by, 304.
figures of, 303.
larval features, 302.
remedies for, 304.
woolen, cotton, linen, ete,, eaten by it, 304.
Black-winged Grapta, 446.
blanda, Systena, 344, 375.
Blatchley [W. S$ ] cited, 230, 331.
Blight in asters, 372.
Blind craw-fish, 348.
Blind shrimp in wells, 347-349.
Bombus Pennsylvanicus, 461.
species? 461.
Bombycide, 453, 455(3), 456.
Bombycid moth, 426, 448
Bone dust as a remedy, 363.
bonnetii, Anotia, 3-7.
Books and papersinfested by Acanthia lectu-
laria, 458.
Bordeaux mixture, 416, 417, 420, 433, 434, 435.
with Paris green, 434.
borealis, Cerura, 456.
Epilachna, 440,
Boston Journal cited, 300.
Bounties for insect pests, 436-437.
bovis, Ixodes, 458.
brassicee, Anthormyia, 431.
Aphis, 405, 412, 440.
Plusia, 296, 422, 462.
Brinkerhoff, Mrs. E. C , insects from, 463.
on cherry-tree aphis, 345.
Brown, Mrs. J. C., insect from, 461.
Brown rot, 417.
Brown rot and the plum-tree aphis, 368-369.
Bruchus lentis, 440.
obsoletus, 440, 463(@2).
pisi, 439.
rufimanus, 440.
Bruner, L., cited, 376.
on di-tribution of Chortophaga viridifas-
ciata 333.
Bryobia pratensis, 440.
Brysocrypta hamamelidis, 409, 412.
bubalus, Ceresa, 390.
. Bucculatrix pomifoliella, 445.
Bud-worm, 372, 273.
Buffalo-bug, 302.
Buffalo Ceresa, 390.
Buffaloensis, Sesia [Hemaris], 451.
Buffalo fly, 444.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological So-
ciety cited, 307, 338.

GENERAL INDEX

‘Byrrhus, 299.

Bulletin — (Continued) :

459.

Cornell University Agricultural eee n See
ment Station cited, 318, $26, 374, 415, 429-

430, 433, 435, 436.

Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station .

cited, 417, 430, 42

_ Geological and Geographical Survey of the ibe

Territories cited, 299.
Illinois Museum of Natural History cited,
348.

Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station:

cited, 415, 481, 485.
Massachusetts Agricultural Hatch Experi
ment Station cited, 300(2), 318, 417. 436.

Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station

cited, 436.
Minnesota Geological and Natural History
Survey cited, 371. A

Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion cited, 317.

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station
cited, 295, 376.

New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Station cited, 4380, 436.
New Mexico Agricultural Experiment

Station cited, 430().

New York State Museum of Natural His-
tory cit: d, 356, 357.

North Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station cited, 435.

Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station
cited, 345, 417, 433, 436.

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
cited, 430.

Penansylvaria Agricultural
Station cited, 436.

South Dakota Agricultural Experiment
Station cited, 432.

United States Department of Agriculture
cited, 43

Bulletins on Spraying and Insecticides cited, 436.

Bunker [R.] cited, 357.

Burdock infusion, 362.

Burning rubbish, 316, 441.

Bush nozzle, 415.

Butterflies, 336, 449, 453, 456.
Calendar of, for 1869 cited, 449.
List of New York, cited, 449.

Butternut, Carynota mera on, 388.

Experiment

Bythoscopus clitellarius, 398.
fenestratus, 410.
minor, 410.
nigrinasi, 410.
seminudus, 398.
species, 410.
strobi, 398.
tergatus 398.
unicolor, 398.
variabilis, 410.

sis %

es:

ee Pe I ee OS FE a Pe

GENERAL INDEX

C

Cabbage aphis, 405, 432, 440.
butterfly, 446, 447, 454.
caterpillar, 422.
fly, 431.

Cabbage: insects injurious to,
Anthomyia brassice, 431, 432.
Aphis brassicae, 405, 440.
Murgantia histrionica, 315, 441, 463.
Plusia brassicee, 295.

Thrips, 445 464.

Cabbage maggot, 418, 431.

' -Plusia, 296.
worms, 444, 446.

Caccecia argyrospila, 374.
rosaceana, 418.

Ceecidotea stygia, 349.

caja, Euprepia, 452.

Calandra granaria, 308.
oryzee, 308
remotepunctata, 308.

calcitrans, Stomoxys, 444.

Calendars of Butterflies for the years 1869 and

1870, summary of contents, 449, 453.

Callimorpha Lecontii, 455.

Callipterinze, 412.

Callipterus betuleecolens, 411, 412.
castanee, 463.

Callosamia Promethea, 455.

Calocampa nupera, 459.
vetusta, 459.

Caloptenus spretus, 332.

Camphor for the carpet beetle, 305.

Camptogramma [Plemyria] fiuviata, 456.

Campylenchia curvata, 410.

Canadian Entomologist cited, 300, 304, 307, 317,

3!8(3). 330, 361, 454.

candida, Saperda, 410.

eanicularis, Cicada, 385.

Canker-worm, 296, 422.

Cantaloupe, Systena elongata attacking, 344.

capra, Odynerus, 461.

Carbolated lire, 420.

Carbolic acid, 363, 365, 418, 441.
with oils, 442.
with Paris green, 428.

cearneola, Erastria, 456.

carnifex, Cosmopepla, 458.

Carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophularize 300- |

306.
bibliography and synonymy, 300.
destructive in Pennsylvania in 1863, 305.
features of, 301, 302.
figures of, 301.
habits of the larva, 305.
houses may be freed from it, 205.
ignorance respecting, 302.
known often as the buffalo-bug, 3°2.
lady-bug mistaken for it, 306.
probable date of introduction, 305.
ravages first noticed, 305.
remedies, 304-305.

Peat «sed tone Y ee ll ell | amas eee
7 ; , b =
* .

471

Carpet beetle — (Continued) :
two-spotted Adalia compared with it, 306.
varieties named and figured, 301.

Carpet beetles, 299-306.

Carpet-vugs, 302, 303.

Carpets: insects injurious to,
Anthrenus serophularie, 302, 303, 305.
Attagenus piceus, 802-303.

carpini, Psylia, 404, 411.

Carpocapsa pomonella, 296, 338-342, 422.
Carpophilus pallip»*nnis, 462.
| caryee, Microcentrus, 410.
Uroxiphus, 3¢2.
Carynota arquata, 388.
marmorata, 410.
mera, 388.

Case-worm, 874.

| cassie, Silvanus, 308, 462.

Cassino’s Standard Natural History cited, 300,

330.
| castaneze, Atymna, 410.
Callipterus, 463.
Smilia, 389.
Catalogue of the Diptera of North America
(Osten Sacken) cited, 309.
Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey
(Smith) cited, 3:5.
Catalogue of the known Homoptera of the
State of New York (Pitch) 1851, 381-409.

| Castile soap in an insecticide, 444.

| catenaria, Zerene, 450.

Catocala parta, 456.

species, 455.
Catocalas, abundance of, in North America,

| 459.

| Cattle tick, 458.

Cauliflower: insects injurious to,

Anthomyia brassice, 431.
Pieris rape, 442.

Thrips sp.? 464.

| C- aureum, Grapta, 446.

| Caustic potash as an insecticide, 444.

Cecidomyia balsamicola, 440.

species?, 440.

| Cecropia, Platysamia, 455.

| Celeus, Sphinx, 461.

Ceramica [Mamestra] picta, 455.

. cerasi, Aphis, 405, 412.

Eriocampa, 335, 336, 440.

Myzus. 293, 345-346, 359, 411, 412, 440, 463.

Seiandria, 335.

| cerasicolens, Aphis, 405, 411, 412.

| cerasifolize, Aphis, 411, 412.

Cerasus insects:

Aphis cerasicolens, 405.

cerasi, 405.

Gareatelln, Sitotroga, 308.

Ceresa bubalus, 30.
diceros, 390.

cerintha, Chamyris, 456.

| Cerisyi, Smerinthus, 451.

| Cermatia forceps, 440.

| Cerura borealis, 456.

i]

472

*
- Chaitophorus aceris, 411, 412.
populi, 411, 412.
populifolize, 411, 412.
Chamyris cerintha, 456.
?Chariclea exprimens, 456.
Charlton, J., on asparagus beetle, 343,
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, 344. 463.
Cheap insecticide, 434-435. ;
Chelone glabra, food plant of Melitzea Phaéton,
448,
Ohermes pinicorticis, 454.

Cherry-tree aphis, Myzus cerasi, 293, 345, 346, | Cicadidee,385.

405, 440.

figures of different stages, plate 6, opp. p.
346.

introduced from Kurope, 346.

life-history worked out by Prof. Weed, 346. | Cineraria, Phytomyza chrysanthemi on, 421.

not confined to the garden cherry, 346.
occurs also on plum trees, 346, 440.
remedies, 345, 369

severe attack in Nunda, N. Y., 345.
Cherry: insects injurious to,

Aphis cerasi, 405.

cerasicolens, 405.

Carpocapsa pomonella, 340.

Eriocampa cerasi, 335.

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 420.

Myzus cerasi, 293, 345-346, 369, 463.
Cherry-tree or pear-tree slug, Eriocampa

cerasi, 335-336.

deposit of the eggs, 335.

figures of the larva and saw fly, 335.

fruit trees attacked by it, 335.

injuries reported from Orange N. J., 335.

Prof. Peck’s prize pamphlet, 335.

remedies, 336.

two broods each year, 336.

what the insect is, 335.

Chestnuts: insects attacking,
Callipterus castanes, 463.
Elaphidion villosum, 358-359.

Smilia castanez, 389.

inornata, 388.

Telamona reclivata, 391.
Chimarocephala viridifasciata, 330, 439.
Chinch-bug, 312.

Chionaspis furfurus, 440-441, 464.
pinifoliz, 377.

salicis, 411..,
Chittenden, F. H., on Anthonomus signatus,
431.

chloris, Parasa, 443.
Chlorotettix tergatus, 410.
unicolor, 4:0.
Chloropisca prolifica, 440.
Chlorops prolifica, 313.
species, 313.
Choisya ternata, Papilio Cresphontes attack-
ing, 336, 461.
Chortophaga infuscata, 332, 334.
viridifasciata, 298, 330-334, 439, 464.
ehrysanthemi, Phytomyza, 421.

GENERAL

;
INDEX:

Chrysanthemums: Phytomyza chrys:
injurious to, 421.

Chrysomelid flea-beetle, 297. hie

Chrysopila thoracica, 462. ae

Chrysops niger, 462.

Cicada canicularis, 385. a
pruinosa, 385. ae:
rimosa, 385.

-septendecim, 385, 440.
tibicen, 410.
Cicadas, 319, 385.

Cicindela generosa, 462.
6-guttata, 462.

Cimex lectularius, 458.

cineticollis, Clastoptera, 394.

Cis fulvipes, 462.
Citrus, Papilio cresphontes attacking, 337. —
Cixius impunctatus, 386.
pini, 385.
quinquelineatus, 386.
stigmatus, 385.
Clark, Mary E., on Anthrenus scrophulariss
305. ;
Clarkson, F., cited, 361. |
Classification of Insects (Westwood) cited, 307.
Clastoptera achatina, 393.
' atra, 394. . \.
cincticollis, 394.
flavicollis, 394.
maculicollis, 394.
nigricollis, 395.
obtusa, 393.
pini, 393-394, 410.
proteus, 394.
_testacea, 393.
clavata, Deloyala [Coptocycla], 454.
| Cleora pulchraria, 450.
Climbing Ant-lion, 440.
clitellarius, Thamnotettix, 410. j
Clover mite, Bryobia pratensis, 440.
Cluster-fly, Pollenia rudis, 309-314, 489.
an introduced species, 309.
bibliography, 309.
clustering habit in rooms, 310.
Dall’s observations on, 311.
described a century ago, 309.
description by Dr. Harris, 318-314.
early stages, 313.
entrance in dwellings and departure, $12.
figures, 309, 310.
general features, 310.
habits, 310, 311.
killed by a fungus, 314.
limited literature, 3!1.
nuisance in houses, 311, 312.
numerous European representatives, 310.
other diptera hibernating in houses, 313.
remedies, 314.
Riley’s study of, 311.
spring appearance, 312.

“4 communis, Helectiars, 396, 410. '
at aie 310. . Composit, Phytomyza chrysanthemi ations
; hh cane not known, 309. ing, 421.
Comstock {Prof. J. H.] cited, 317, 330, 332, 346-
347.
concava, Entilia, 887.
Telamona, 290.
apos concavus, Lixus, 463.
yp a 410. - | coneinna, Notodonta, 454.
is indicus berries, 352. Cone-flower, Aphis rudbeckize on, 406.
rborum-linearis, 409, 413. confusor, Monohammus, 463.
‘Pinicorticis, 454. congregatus, Apanteles, 461.
a why 409, 411, 413. coniferarum, Ellema, 449.
Conotrachelus neuuphar, 297, 422, 440.
, Conover, G. S., cited, 343.
10 nliopodee, 443. convexipennis, Cuculiia, 450, 455.
Ny pine coon of Cucullia convexipennis, 450. Cook, Prof. A. J. cited, 325.
. -Cuculiia intermedia, 450. Copper compounds, 436.
is ate -Hemileuca Maia, 448. hydrate. 416.

Lagoa crispata, 452. solutions, 417, 420.
¥ _Leucania sp., 457. coquebertii, Otiocerus, 386.
Sesia Buffaloensis, 4530.4 Coquilles [D. W.] cited, 334.
‘Tischeria malifoliella, 445. Corn grubs, 353.
n aoe, Carpocapsa pomonella, 338-| cornifoliz, Aphis, 405, 412
Corn: insects injurious to,
Gortyna species, 447.
Mamestra Arctica. 447,
Systena blanda, 244
Sem account of the insect, ‘341. white grubs, 356,
killed by Chauliognathus, 344. Corn meal for killing cabbage worms, 444
aN eg observations on the larve, 341- Cornus paniculata insects:
«BAR. Aphis cornifolize, 405.
operates differently in Tasmania, 339. Clastoptera proteus, 394.
ordinary method of larval burrowing, 339. | Cornus, Phobetron pithecium attacking, 461.
promiscuous placing of the eggs, 339. coryli, Telamona, 391, 410.
results of spraying for, 433, 435. Cosmopepla carnifex, 458. ;
scarcity of, 296. Cossus robinie, 426.
bi uere the larya enters the fruit, 340-842. | Cotton fabrics, Attagenus piceus recorded as
: ous fruits attacked in Tasmania, 340. eating, 304.
iy ies A. J., cited, 326. Cotton plant, Systena frontalis injurious to,344,
oa ‘Coe rathers, pear-tree Psylla in orchards of, | Cotton-worm, 344.
é 88, 326. Country Gentleman cited, 299(6), 300, 307, 309,
Ocelidia olitoria, 398. . 316, 318(2), 329, 323(2), 330(2), 336, 357, 362,
subbifasciata, 398. 364, 366, 372, 374, 377, 378, 434, 439(@8), 440@3),
lodasys [Schizura] unicornis, 455. 441(4), 442(6), 443(7), 44405), 446, 44707), 448
cosruleocinctus, Julus, 464. — Cow-horn fly, articles cited, 442, 444.
Sei Amphidasys [Eubyia], 456. distribution of the, 296.
Coleman, W. H., insects from, 463. Cox, Rev. S., insects from, 462.
quoted, 296.
Raa. ci 7o pecies, 374. Coy, C. H., insects from, 464.
: Bs - Coleoptera, 299, 307, 354, 465-466. Crangonyx gracilis, 348.
. ae Cole [Theodore A.], pear-tree Psylla in orchard mucronatus, 347-349.
Craponius inzequalis, 364-365.
ollecting egg belts of the tent-caterpillar, 437, | crateegifolie, Aphis, 406, 412.
441, 444, cratezegi, Thelia, 392.
ier, Dr. P., insects from, 347, 353, 463. Cratzegus punctata, Aphis cratzgifolie on,
hs Sara potato: beetle, 297, 422, 457. 406. y
E _ remedy for, 297. _| Creosote oil as an insecticide, 434.
_ damage, 297. Cresphontes, Papilio, 236-337, 461.
V., insects from, 463. Cres-y, W. N. cited, 340.
can house-fly, 310, 313, 375. Crioceris asparagi, 342-343.
. ‘Common White Grubs (Forbes) cited, 354. crispata, Lagoa, 452.

\

ae

| ap iy ss. -: mes
Bib Sy ee, Hi Oh aa i Ba
474 GENERAL INDEX — Deapeaie yh
Cruciferze: insects feeding on, deridens, Diphthera, 456. ce ali | lair’
‘. Murgantia histrionica, 441. Dermestes megatoma, 300. 1 ee
Phyllotreta vittata, 375. murinus, 462. ene
Crustacea, 466. piceus, 300.

Crustacean in wells, 347-349.
Cryptolechia Schlageri, 456.
Ctenucha virginica, 456.
cucurbitz, Melittia, 434.

Cucullia asteroides, 455.
convexipennis, 450, 455. .
florea, 456.
intermedia, 450.
lucifuga, 450.
serraticornis, 456.

Speyeri, 456.

Cultivator cited, 320.

cunea, Hyphantria, 295, 422.

Curculionid beetle, 297, 345.

Currant aphis, Myzus ribis, 370-871.
black ants as protectors, 376.
controlled by the two-spotted lady bug, 370,
honey-dew excretions, 370.
oceasional prodigious multiplication, 370.
operations of, 370.
parasites attack it, 370.
remedies, 370.

Vermorel nozzle to be used in spraying, 370.

Currant: insects injurious to,
Janus flaviventris, 461.

Myzus cerasi, 346.
ribis, 370.

Curtis, Dr. J. cited, 307.

curtisii, Amblycephalus, 401.
Athysanus, 410.

ecurvata, Campyl!lenchia, 410.

Cut-worms in corn, 446, 447.

Cyrtolobus fenestratus, 410.
inornatus, 410. :
vau, 410.

Cyrtosia fenestrata, 389.
marmorata, 359.

D

Dall, Mrs. C. H. cited, 309.
Dall, W. H..cited, 311, 439.
Darapsa Myron, 450.
Daremma undulosa, 452.
Dates of Collection of New York Heterocera,
450, 456.
Day flies, 298.
decemlineata, Doryphora, 297, 422.
degeerii, Otiocerus, 386.
Deilephila lineata, 451.
Deloyala [Coptocycla] clavata, 454.
Delphax arvensis, 386.
dorsalis, 386.
Deltocephalus inimicus, 410.
Melsheimerii, 410
Sayii, 410
Dendroleon obsoletum, 440.
Depressaria heracliana, 454.
Ontariella, 454.

Dermestidz, 259, 303. a
Description of a convenient insect case, aot
Desmocerus palliatus, 462. ere
Destructive shade-tree pest, 426-427, ‘
Desvoidy, R. cited, 309, 310, 311, 313.
Diabrotica 12-punctata, 440.

vittata, 361.
diceros, Ceresa, 390.
dichrous, Attagenus, 300.
Dickinson, J. H., paper read by, 340. ;
Dictamnus fraxinella, Papilio Crespkontes on,

336. /
Diedrocephala coccinea, 410.

mollipes, 410.

noveeboracensis, 410.

Diervilla trifida, Hemaris diffinis on, 451.

diffinis, Sesia, 450.

Dimmock, Dr G. cited, 300.

Diplosis pyrivora, 318, 441.

Diptera, 309, 313, 462, 465.

Dipthera deridens, 456.

Directions for Collecting and Preserving In-
sects (Riley) cited, 457.

Diseased Austrian pines, 376-378.

dispar, Ocneria, 423-426, 440.

dispar, Xyleborus, 366, 419.

Dog-day Cicada, 385.

Dogwood: insects attaching,

Aphis cornifolize, 405.

Clastoptera proteus, 394.

Evacanthus orbitalis. 397.

Tettigonia tripunctata, 395.
domestica, Musca, 3:0.
Doran, Dr. E. W., insects from, 463. |
dorsalis, Acutalis, 410.

Delphax, 386.

Stenocranus, 410.

Tragopa, 392.

Doryphora decemlineata, 297, 422.
Downing’s Horticulturist cited, 367.
Dried plants, Attagenus piceus feeds on, 304,
Dryocampa imperialis, 447.

rubicunda, 295, 422, 455.
Dung-beetle, 440.

Dutcher, J. B., maple-tree pruner from grounds.”
of, 357.
Dwelling-houses infested by Otiorhynchus ova-
tus, 463. /
Dynastes Tityus, 342, 440, 444, 463.
Dytiscus marginalis, 462.

E

Eacles imperialis, 462.
Economic Entomology, 454.
Edema albifrons, 456.
fdwards, W. H. cited, 446().
Effect of London purple on the plum, 414-415,

Eggs killed by kerosene emulsion, 329, 369.
Eggs of apple-tree tent-caterpi lar, 427, 444.
asparagus beetle, 343.
cluster fly, 313
codling-moth, 339, 340, 341.
Crioceris asparagi, 343.
Facles imperialis, 453
Elaphidion parallelum, 359, 360.
Euprepia Americana, 452.
Feniseca Tarquinius, 346.
Gypsy moth, 423, 424, 425.
harlequin cabbage-bug, 315.
Hemileuca Maia, 448.
Lagoa crispata, 452
Melitzea Phaéton, 448.
Nisoniades Icelus, $49.
Orgyia leucostigma, 427
pear-tree Psyilla, 327, 328, 329.
pear-tree slug, 335.
Philampelus Achemon, 451.
Pieris oleracea, 449.
Pollenia rudis, 313.
Sesia Buffaloensis, 451.
Smerinthus geminatus, 451.
: white-pine weevil, 345.
egle, Euchzetes,452.
eight-lineata, Tettigonia, 397.
Elaphidion attack on maples, 359.
parallelum, 357-361.
villosum, 358, 359.
Elder Jeaf, Aphis sambucifolise on, 406.
Ellema coniferarum, 449.
Hartisii, 449.
pinastri, 449.
pineum, 449.
Elilychnia corruscea, 463.
Elm-bark beetle, 367.
Elm: insects injurious to,
Galerucella luteola, 297.
xanthomeleena. 297.
Lachnus ulmi, 4,7.
Orgyia leucostigma, 295, 429, 437.
Saperda tridentata, 427-428, 429.
Tineid sp., 462.
Zeuzera pyrina, 426, 427, 428, 462.
Elm-leaf beetle, 297, 422, 429.
Elm tree bark-borer, 42°-429.
elongata, Systena, 344.
Emmord, F. H., insects from, 342, 468.
on Dynastes Tityus, 342.
Empoa coccinea, 403.
genus, 410.
querci, 403.
Empoasca fabe, 410.
Empretia stimulea, 455.
Empusa Americana, 314.
muscee, 314.
Enchenopzs. binotata, 410.
Envchophyllum binotatum, 387.
latipes, 387.
Encyclopedie Methodique: Histoire Naturelle
des Animaux (Olivier) cited, 300.
Ennomos magnaria, 456.

eee

GENERAL INDEX

Entilia concava, 387.
sinuata, 387.

Exutomologica Americana cited, 338.

4795

Systematica (Fabricus) cited, 307, 309, 392,

405(2).

Entomological Contributions (Lintner) cited,
299, 300, 448(3), 449(6), 450(4), 451(4), 45205),

453(5), 455(5), 456(4), 457.

Entomological Correspondence (Harris) cited,

309.

Entomological Notes (Scudder) cited, 330.

Entomologist cited, 200.

Entomology for Beginners (Packard) cited, 317.

Epeira insularis, 464.

ephemereformis, Thyridopteryx, 440.

Ephemera sp., 298, 464.

Epicauta Pennsylvanica, 443, 463.

Epilachna borealis, 440.

Epilobium coloratum, Eudryas unio feeding

on, 455.

epimenis, Psycomorpha, 455.
Erastria cerneola, 456.
Erebus odora, 440.
Eriocampa cerasi, 335-336, 440.
Eriosoma fagi, 408.

imbricator, 408, 412.

lanigera, 407.

pyri, 408, 4°3.

strobi, 409, 412.

_tessellata, 408, 413.
Eristalis Meigenii, 462.

tenax, 462(2).
Erythroneura affinis, 403.

basillaris, 403.

fabe, 403.

obliqua, 403.

tricincta, 403.

vitis, 403.

vulnerata, 402-403.
Euchetes collaris, 455.

egle, 452.

Oregonensis, 455.
Eudryas unio, 450, 455.

Eupatoriums: Phytomyza chrysanthemi on,

421.
Euphoria Inda, 442, 463.
Euprepia Americana, 452.

caja, 452.

European bean- weevil, 440.
Eutettix(?) seminudus, 410.
Evacanthus orbitalis, 397:
Evergestis straminalis, 456.
exitiosa, Sannina, 367.

Experience with the rose-bug (Smith), 419.

Experiments by Dr. C. M. Weed on the plum
weevil and cucumber beetle, 362, 363, 417, 419,

Experiments by M. H. Beckwith in codling-

moth spraying, 417.

Experiment Station publications, 429-436.
Experiments with Paris green on tent-cater-

pillars, 432.
exprimens, ?Chariclea, 456.

Eye-spotted bud-moth, 293, 296, 440, 462.

476 ;

¥F
fabee, Empoasca, 410.
Erythroneura, 403.
fagi, Athysanus, 401.
Eriosoma, 408.
Telamona, 391.
Falconer, Wm. cited, 337.
insects from, 336, 461, 464.
Fall tent-caterpillar, 295, 422
familiaris, Musca, 309, 310, 313.
Farmers’ bulletin on spraying, 436.
Farm Insects (Curtis) cited, 307.
fasciata, Telamona, 390, 410.
fasciola, Lithacodes [Limacodes], 456.
Feather-felting by Attagenus piceus, 304.
femoralis, Livia, 404, 411.
femoratum, Spectrum, 446.
femur-rubrum, Melanoplus, 297, 332, 464.
Fencing out insects, 363.
fenestrata, Bythoscopus, 410.
Cyrtosia, 389.
fenestratus, Athysanus, 400.
Cyrtolobus, 410.
Feniseca Tarquinius, 346.
Fernald [Prof. C. H.] cited, 300, 330, 374.
on kerosene emulsion for ¢he red spider
and rose aphis, 482. |
on Paris green on tent-caterpillars, 432.
on the gypsy moth, 423. ;
Fernow, Berthold, insects from, 463.
ferrugineum, Tribolium, 368, 463.
Figure of
Adalia bipunctata, 506.
Anthrenus flavipes, 301
Anthrenus scrophulariez, 301.
Anthrenus thoracicus, 301.
asparagus beetle 343.
Attagenus piceus, 303.
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, 344.
cherry-tree slug, 335.
Chortophaga viridifasciata, 331.
ciuster fly, 309
Craponius inzequalis, 365.
‘Crioceris asparagi, 343.
egg of pear-tree Psvlla, 328.
Eriocampa cerasi, 335.
galls of Phylloxera vitifolia, 347.
grape curculio, 365.
green-striped locust, 331.
infested cucumber root, 362.
Jarva of Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus,
344.
Craponius inzequalis, 365.
Diabrotica vittata, 362.
Eriocampa cerasi, 335.
grape curculio, 365.
Papilio Cresphontes, 337.
Pennsylvania soldier-beetle, 344.
Pissodes strobi, 344.
striped cucumber beetle, 362.
Tenebrio obscurus, 308.

GENERAL INDEX

Figure of larva of —(Continued) er

| Foerster be cited, 317, 322.

| forceps, Cermatia, 440.

| Frosted cicada, 385.

white-pine weevii, 344.
. Ineal-worm, 308.
Pennsylvania soldier-beetle, 344.
Pissodes strobi, 344.
Pollenia rudis, 309.
pupa of meal-worm, 308.
pear-tree Psylla, 327.
Pissodes strobi, 344.
Psylla pyricola, 327.
Tenebrio obscurus, 308.
whiie-pine weevil, 344.
Tenebrio obscurus, 308. ue
thousand-legged worm, 372.
two-spotted lady-bird, 306.
white-pine weevil, 344.
filamentaria, Nematocampa, 456.
fimetarius, Aphodius, 440. f
Fir: Cixius pini attacking, 385.
Fisher [Dr. Jab z] cited, 318, 325.
Fitch, Dr. A., Catalogue of the Known Hama
tera of New Work in 1851, by, 381-409.
cited, 317, 345(@2
on Elaphidion pariteneel 359, 360, 361.
quoted, 346, 367.
flaviceps, Lauxania, 462.
flavicollis, Clastoptera, 294.
flavilineata, Gypona, 397.
fiavipes, Anthrenus, 299, 301. S
Termes, 454.
flaviventris, Janus, 461.
Flea-beetles, 375.
Fleas in a cellar, 352.
remedies for, 252-353.
¥letcheralla, Coleophora, 374.
Fletcher, J insects from, 462.
florea, Cucullia, 456.
Ployd, A., insects from, 463.
fluviata, Camptogramma [Plemyria], 456.

Forbes, Prof 5S. A. cited, 348, 354, 356. \
on a blind crustacean, 348. :
quoted, 348 354, 355.

Forbush, E. H. on Gypsy moth, 424.
on Gypsy moth insecticides, 434.

Force pumps, 339, 370.
Four-lined Psylla, 404.
Four-spotted Aphrophora, 392.
Four-striped Proconia, 395-396.
Fraxinella: Papilio Cresphontes attacking, 336.
French, G S, insects from, 462.
Fresh-water shrimp, 348.

frontalis, Systena, 297, 343-344, 422, 463.

Peeciloptera, 387.
fulvicollis. Scepsis, 456.
fulvidorsum, Jassus, 402.

Phlepsius, 410.
fulvipes, Cis, 462.
funeralis, Acronycta, 455. -

Pea oe iG a
1 insecticides, 498,
ins on, 436,

m nbined with arsenites, 416-417.

gu s attack on plums, 368, 369.
5 on ) Austrian pines, 377.
__ Pollenia rudis killed by a, 314.
‘ oe ystictus, Cis fulvipes from, 462.
oh eventive of brown rot, 417.
Scorias spongiosum fed by honey-dew, 468.
reilla, Platycerura, 450, 455.
furtis, Chionaspis, 440-441, 464.
yattacked by Attagenus piceus, 304.
isca, Lachnosterna, 296, 353, 354, 422.

G
galeaff, Archasia, 410.

erucella luteola, 297.

_xanthomelena, 297, 422.

amasus species ?, “464.
: - maride, 348.
den and. Forest cited, 318. 363, 436.

; ae *s paper on Clastoptera genera, etc.,

‘ahen, Mr., insects from, 464.

aang Americana, 456.
_ Gathering and burning egg-clusters, 423-424.

Gortyna species, 447.

gracilis, Crangonyx, 348.

Grain insects (in store):
Calandra granaria, 308.

oryz, 308
remotepunctata, 308.
Silvanus advena, 308.
cassize, 308.
Surinamensis, 308.

Sitotroga cerealella, 308.
Tenebrio molitor, 308.

obscurus, 307.

Tribolium ferrugineum, 308,
granaria, Calandra, 308.
Grape-berry moth, 364.
Grape curculio, Craponius inaequalis,‘ 364, 8365.

a western species, niainly, 364.

bagging the grapes as a preventive, 364.
features of the beetle, 365.

figures of larva and beetle, 365.
indications of attack, 364.

jarring for the beetle, 366.

nature of the injury, 364.

not injurious ia New York, 364.
pupation, 365.

reference to writings on it,’365.

Grape: insects injurious to,

Aphrophora quadrinotata, 392.
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, 344, | a
Craponius ineequalis, 364.

Erythroneura vulnerata, 408.

Otiocerus coquebertii, 386.

Phylloxera vitifolice, 347.

Tragopa dorsalis, 392.

Typhlocyba vitis, 430.

white grubs, 354.

Gauze-covered frames for protecting from | Grapevine Erythroneura, 403,

geminatus, Golsrintias: 451.
generosa, Cicindela, 462.
- Genet, E. J. on the pear-tree Psylla, 320.
Grdinaya Courier cited, 343.
- gibbesa, Lachnosterna, 355.
\ Nadata, 450, 456.

ee es, Gillette, CG. P., experiments with London |

purple, 415.
zt on fungicides with arsenites, 416.
on lime combined with arsenites, 416, 435.
ae on the ar ple curculio, 419.
Gillis, L. N., insects from, 462(3), 464.
a a _Gissler, C. F, cited, 307(2).
1? Tae _ globosus, Meeadon, 313.
‘gas Glover [Townend] cited, 317.
eae Glycobius speciosus, 442.
a Goff. E. §., insects from, 343.
son protection frm cabbage maggot, 431.
_ Golden rod: Bythoscopus unicolor on, 398,
Gold, T. S. on pear-tree Psylla, 325.

“Gold dust” soap-powder as an insecticide, 434.

5 - Gonopteryx libatrix, 450.
. Gooseberry: aa frontalis attacking, 297,

leaf-hopper, 430.
Phyllox-ra, 347.

Grapta C-aureum, 446.

interrogationis, 446.
umbrosa, 446.

Grasshoppers, 297, 298, 330, 333, 350, 489.
Grass: insects injurious to,

Amblycephalus curtisii, 401.
inimicus, 401.
meilsheimerii, 401.
sayli, 401.
Aulacizes mollipes, 396.
noveboracensis, 396.
Chimarocephala viridifasciata, 439.
Chortophaga viridifasciata, 331, 333.
Helochara communis, 396.
Melanoplus fenur-rubrum, 297.
Tettigonia bifida, 395.
white grubs, 354:

Graves, Mrs. H. D , insects from,*463.
Green-striped locust, 298, 330-834, 439.

a double-brooded species, 333.

alarm caused by its early appearance,/332,
appearances in midwinter, 330, 331.
bibliography and synony my,,,330.

478

Green-striped locust —- (Continued) :
distribution quite extensive, 333-334.
figures of larva and imago, 331.
generic names, 330.
millions seen in winter, 331.
not a grasshopper, but a locust, 333.
transformations, 832.
two forms of the insect, 331-332.

Green-striped maple worm, 422.

Green, W. J., address by, 434.

Gregory, B. W., infested pease from, 868.

Guide to the Study of Insects (Packard) cited,

317, 860.

guttata, Smilia, 389.

Gypona flavilineata, 397.
scarlatina, 397.
striata, 410.

Gypsum for the cucumber beetle, 368.

Gypsy moth, 422-426.

& first-class insect pest, 422.

appropriations for its extermination, 423

area infested, 424.

caterpillars not killed by Paris green, 482,
433.

eggs collected aud burned, 424.

introductioa, 423.

means used for its destruction, 423, 424.

number of infested trees treated, 424,

spread, 423.

work of the Commission, 423-425.

H

Hadena [Mamestra] adjuncta, 456.
lignicolor, 456.
Heematobia serrata, 296, 442, 444. 482.
Hagen, Dr. H. A., cited, 300, 304(2), 305.
Hag-moth caterpillar, 443
Hair-cloth furniture: Attagenus piceus found
in, 808.
Hair eaten by Attagenus piceus, 304.
Hair-snake, 298.
Haldeman, Dr. cited, 359.
Halisidota caryee, 455.
hamamelidis, Brysocrypta, 409, 412.
Hamilton, Dr. J. cited, 300.
Hand-power strawsonizer, 418.
Harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica,
315-317.
arsenites powerless against it, 316,
distribution in the United States, 315.
figures of different stages, 315.
fondness for mustard and radish, 316.
hibernates in the perfect stage, 315, 316.
importance of arresting its progress, 316.
new remedy proposed by Mr. Weed, 816.
northward progress, 315.
occurrence in New Jersey, 315.
rapid development, 315.
remedies, 316-317.
successive broods, 815.
traps and baits available, 316.
Harpalus species, 462.

GENERAL [INDEX

ars ant ~
in

harpyia [domestica], Musca, 314. - be see
Harris, Dr. [T. W ] cited, 309, 317, 319, 930, 832, yeas)
360, 367, 384.
description of pear-tree Psylla, 321.
of Pollenia rudis, 310. ‘
Musca domestica described as M. harpyia, f
310. aur,
on the apple worm, 339.
on the pear-tree Psylla, 320, 321, $25.
Harrisii, Ellema, 449.
Hazelnut: insects attacking,
Telamona coryli, 391.
tristis, $91.
Helianthus divaricatus, Meliteea Nycteis feed-
ing on, 448
Heliotrope: Plusia brassicze on, 296.
Heliria scalaris, 410.
Hellebore, 3:6, 431, 440.
and water, 372.
Helochara communis, 398 410.
Helophilus latifrons, 440, 462,
Hemaris uffaloénsis, 451. .
diffinis, 451.
Hemileuca Maia. notices of, cited, 448, 456.
Hemiptera, 315, 3!7, 325, 333, 389, 463, 466.
Hemlock: Pissodes strobi attacking, $45.
hemorrhoea, Penthimia, 397.
Henshaw, Samuel, cited, 300...
heracliana, Depressaria, 454.
Hessian fly, 426, 447.
Heterocera, 450, 453, 456, 461.
Heteroptera, 315.
Hickory insects:
Elaphidion villosum, 359.
Smilia inornata, 388.
Hides attacked by Attagenus piceus, 304.
Himes, Miss F.B., honey-dew fungus from, 847,
463.
Hippiscus tuberculatus, 330.
hirticula Lachnosterna, 355.
Histoire Naturelle des Dipteres des environs de
Pars (Desvoidy) cited, 309.
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes — Diptéres
(Macquart) cited, 309.
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes — Hémiptéres
(Amyot and Serville) cited, 284.
histrionica, Murgantia, 315-317, 441, 463.
Hitchcock, W. C., insects from, 462.
Hodges, Prof. G C., insects from, 298, 464.
Homoptera, 317. 319, 381. 384.
Honey-dew, 347, 3°0, 371.
Honey: dew fungus, Scorias spongiosum, 463,
Honeysuckle bush: Hemaris diffinis on, 451.
Hop-tree: Papilio Cresphontes on, 337.
Hop-vine aphis Phorodon humuli, 294, 369.
hordei, Isosoma, 458.
Hormaphis hamameliidis, 411, 412.
Hornbeam: insects occurring on:
Athysanus nigrinasi, 401.
Jassus? ac’ tus, 402.
Psylla carpini, 404.
Horn, Dr. G. H. quoted, 304, 364.

ee Petey SN wy
. t Insects hee to,

H. G. quoted, 349, 359.

Rev. Mr. on the syringa borer, 338.

i, Phorodon, 294, 369.

oles Io, reference to described trans-

: oe 455,

antria a, 295, 422.

. einai 398-399.
uM ae $99.

cator, Beegabara, 4u1, 412,
aculatus. Myrmeleon, 440.
ieee | ialis, Dryocampa, 447.

ae Wee -Eacles, 462.
imp licita, Lachnosterna, 355.
im

.
bs aie a 386.

a. Ichthyura, 450,
urvaria acerifoliella, 458,
a . Euphoria, 442, 463.
n Cetonian, 443.
me iad Inermis, Smilia, 388.
ey oe _ Stictocephala, 410.
ie fuscata, Chortophaga, 332, 334,
ik En Ingalsbe, G. M., insects from, 463.
inimicus, Amblycephalus, 401-402.
Deltocephalus, 410.

.

| Insectivorous Bird Ce terento to, 349- 351, :

Accipiter Cooperi, 351. At”

black birds, 350, 351.

Bubo Virinianus, 851.

crane, 350.

_erow, 350, 351.

crow-blackbiid, 350.

English sparrow, 350, 351.

hawk, 350, 351.

king-fisher, 250, 351.

meadow lark, 350, 351.

owl, 350, 351.

Passer domesticus, 351.

raven, 350, 351.

robin, 350, 351.

shrike, 350.

Insect Life cited, 297, 300@2), 801(2), 3092),
314, 317(2), 318(2), 344(3), 349, 853, 356, 365
418, 419(2), 426, 431, 433.

Insect lime, or raupenleim, 425.

Insects Injurtous to the Blackberry, nbtige of
Bulletin on, 430. .

Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees
(Packard) cited, 845, 359, 428. fi.

Insects Injurious to Fruits (Saunders) cited,
317, 365, 367.

Insects Injurious to Vegetation (Harris) cited,
317, 321, 360, 367.

insects Injurious to Young Fruit Trees, Bul-_
letin cited, 430.

Insects of New Muglend (Harris) cited, 381,
330.

Insects introduced from Europe:

cabbage butterfly, 448.
carpet beetle, 304.
cluster-fly, 309.
eodling-moth, 340.
cow-horn fly, £96.
Euprepia caja, 452.
Gypsy moth, 423.
Marguerite fly, 419.
meal-worm, 308.

Musca rudis, 309.
pear-blight beetle, 419.
pear midge, 318.
pear-tree Psylla, 318, 322.
Pieris rape, 446,
Pteromalus puparum, 447,
Xyleborus dispar, 419.
Zeuzera pyrina, 426.

\

a - Injurious Insects (Harris) cited, 391, 392, 395, | Insects received from New York localities:

“ secticides, 417, 418, 419, ae
A" id i bulletins on, 436.
contact, 434,
i ) Sane and, 436.
at: i lately recommended, 418.
; He _ machine for distribution of, 417-418.

Albany, 446, 461(2), 462(4), 463(3), 464(2).
' Athens, 323.

Ausable Forks, 463.

Barrytown, 462.

Brooklyn, 464.

Buffalo, 443, 463.

Cambridge, 296, 463.

Camillus, 347, 464.

Canaan Four Coraers, 330, 332, 464.

Carlton, 442.

Cheviot-on-Hudson, 442.

480 G@anERAL Inpex

Insects received from — (Continued) :

Clyde, 445, 457. *

Coeymans, 461(2), 462, 463, 464.
Columbia County, 298, 330, 332.
Fort Edward, 462.

Geneva, 311, 843, 463.

Glen Cove, L. I , 323, 336, 461, 462, 464,

Lockport, 464.

Long Island, 462.
Malcom, 338.

Mastic, Moriches, 377.
Matteawan, 376.
Menands, 328.
Monticello, 464.
Moriches, L. I., 297, 463.
Newark, 353.

New Baltimore, 462,
New Paltz, 463.

New York City, 338, 359, 461(2), 462.

Nunda, 463.
Oswego, 347, 373, 461, 462.
Palenville, 312.
Pawling, 357.

Pen Yan, 365.
Pittstown, 462.
Potsdam, 457.
Poughkeepsie, 302,
Queens county, 447.
Rochester, 374.
Sandy Hill, 463.
Scarsdale, 464(2).
Schenectady, 462.
Schoharie, 368, 449.
Sinclairville, 463.
Sonyea. 458.
South Byron, 461.
Tarrytown, 461.
Unadilla, 370.
Utica, 298, 464.
Watervliet, 461.
Wayne county, 323.

Insects received from other localities:

Agricultural College, Miss., 462.
Birds’ Nest, Va., 314, 463.
Buckland, Va., 307, 442, 463.
Carbon Cliff, Iil.. 457.
Clarksboro, N. J 458.
College Park, Md., 468.
Columbia, Miss., 445.

Cos Cob, Conn., 443.

East Greenwich, R. I., 4438.
Franklin county, Ohio, 447.
Greenville, Conn., 462.
High Bridge, N. J., 440, 464.
Kingston, Pa., 445, 464.
Kentucky, 440,

Magnolia, Md, 342, 444, 463.
McGregor, Iowa, 360.
Meriden, Conn., 443, 4638.
New Jersey, 315.

Ottawa, Canada, 462.
Pittsford, Vt., 458.

Sanford, Tenn., 364.

Washington, D. C., 354.

Waterbury, Conn., 461, 463.

Windsor, Canada, 447.

Woodbury, vi. J., 315, 441, 463.
insularis, Epeira, 464.
intermedia, Cucullia, 450.
interrogationis, Grapta, 446.
Intestiual worm, 298.
Introduction to Entomology (Comstock) cited,

317, 3380, 346.

Insects (Westwood) cited, 307.
inversa, Lachnosterna, 355.
Io, Hyperchiria, 45: , 453.
irroratus, Jassus, 402. :
irroratus, Phlepsius, 410. iron
Trus, Thecla, 449.
isabella, Pyrrharctia, 439. ea ings
I-osoma hordei, 458. Wate 7g
Txodes bovis, 458. ,

species ? 464.

J

Jamaicensis. Smerinthus, 451.

Janus fiaviventris, 461. pti.

Jarring for the curculio, 365. en

Jassides, 396, 402. 2 ae

Jassus genus, 400, 401. an)

Jassus acutus, 402.

fulvidorsum, 402.
irroratus, 402.
olitorius, 410.
verticis, 410.

Jayne [Dr. H. F.] cited, 800, 303.

Johnson’s Natura! History cited, 299.

Joint-worm, 458. /

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences
cited, 385(@3), 386, 387, 388(4), 389, 382, 393@),
395(2), 396, 398(4), 401, 402(2).

Journal of the Microscopical Society cited, 307.

Journal of the New York Microscopical Society
cited, 300, 301.

Julus cceruleocinctus, 464.

K Le

Kellicott, Dr. cited, 338. }

Kerosene, 304, 316-317, 329, 366, 372, 423, 424, 425,
430, 431, 434, 442, 444.

Kerosene emulsion, 316, 329, 345, 353-354, 362,
369(3), 373, 374, 375, 420, 428, 4380(2), 431, 432,
436, 440, 441, 444.

Kilgore, B. W., a cheap insecticide by, 434-
435.

Kilmer, E. H., insects from, 464.

kirbyii, Otiocerus, 386.

Kollar cited, 426.

i ee |

P
}

Lachnine, 412.

Lachnosterna, 3°3, 354. 355.
fusca, - 96, 353. 354, 355, 356, 422.
gibbosa, 355.

a, Aphis, “412.
53 er riosome 407.
4 izoneura, 411, 412.

“enus scrophulariz, 302.

attagenus piceus, 302.
: - Carporapsa pomonella, 338, 339.

Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, 344.

Wg am _ Craponius ineequalis, 364, 365.
De -Cucullia convexipennis, 450.
intermedia, 450.
-Daremma undulosa, 452.
" Diabrotica vittata, 362.
-Eacles imperialis, 453.
Py" - Blaphidion parallelum, 358, 359, 860.
ay _Eriocampa cerasi, 335, 336.
uchzetes egle, 452.
udryas unio, 455.
Euprepia Americana, 452.
5 da moth, 423, 424, 425.
_ Hyperchiria To, 453.
____ Lachnosterna. 353, 354, 355, 356.
x Lagoa crispata, 453.
_ Murgantia histrionica, 315.
. ilio Cresphontes, 337.
sylvania soldier-beetle, 344.
s oleracea, 449.
a des strobi, 344.
; _— Plataretia Parthenos, 452.
lenia rudis, 313.
sycomorpha epimenis, 455.
sylia pyricola, 319.
_Saperda tridentata, 427, 428.
ia [Hemaris] Buffaloensis, 451.
diffinis, 450.
- §merinthus geminatus, 451.
ae Tenebrio molitor, 308.
-_—— obseurus, 307-308.
os Ms _ Thyreus Abbotii, 451.
Zeuzera pyrina, 426, 427.
“lateralis, Phytomyza, 421.

bs

4 ei std wt,

rab INDEX

» i?
Learned, W. L., insects from, 462.
Leather beetle, 440.

Leather eaten by Attagenus piceus, 804.

LeBaron, Dr. Wm. cited, 307, 317, 325, 326
359, 360.
Lecanium liriodendri, 411.
salicis, 411, 413.
tiliee, 411, 413.
LeConte, Dr. J. L. cited, 299, 300(8), 305,'864.
Lecontii, Callimorpha, 455.
lectularia, Acanthia, 458.
lectularius, Cimex, 458.
Lema trilineata, 457.

| Lemon, Papilio Cresphontes attacking, 337.

Lentil weevil, 440.
lentis, Bruchus, 440.
Leonardus, Pamphila, 449.
Lepidoptera, 450, 459, 461, 465.
lepidus, Anthrenus, 299, 305.
Lepyronia parallella, 393.
quadrangularis, 393.
saratogensis, 393.
Leucania sp?, 457.
leucostigma, Orgyia, 295, 429, 437, 450, 455.
Lewis, R., insect from, 462.
libatrix, Gonopteryx, 450.
Scoliopteryx, 456.
Liburnia arvensis, 410.
ligata, Systena, 344.
lignicolor, Hedena, 456.
Lilac, Podesesia syringze injurious to, 461.
Lilies, Thousand-legged worm injurious to,
372, 441.
Lime for insects, 336, 365, 416. 420, 428, 434, 435.
Lime water for thousand-legged worms, 372,
441.
liminaris, Phlceotribus, 365-368.
Linden insect, Coccus tiliz, 409.
lineata, Deilephila, 451.
lineola, Tabanus, 462.
Lintner, J. A., cited. 299, 300, 307, 309, 318, 330.
on insectivorous birds, 349-351.
liriodendri, Lecanium, 411.
List »f Butterflies Occurring in the State of
New York, cited, 449.
List of Coleoptera of North America (Hen-
shaw) cited, 300.
List of North American Lepidoptera in
Guenée’s Species Générale, noticed, 450.
List of Sphingide occurring in the State of
New York, referred to, 449. \
Lithacodes [Limacodes] fasciola, 456.
Little, M., cited, 339.
insects from, 338.
Little, Miss, cited, 339.
Little, W. C., on Lachnosterna fusca, 356-357.
Livia femoralis, 404, 411.
‘vernalis, 404, 411.
Liviine, 411.
Lixus concavus, 463.
Lockwood, J. L., insects from, 338, 461.
Locusta (Tragocephala) viridifasciata, 330.

thy Oe? a

482

Locust: insects attacking,
Cossus robine, 426.
Thelia bimaculata, 392.
Locusts, 297, 830, 333, 439.
Lodeman, E. G., cited, 318, 433, 435.
Loew, Dr. H., cited, 309(2), 317, 3228), 325.
London purple, 297, 372, 420, 431. ’
peach foliage sensitive to it, 415.
lime added lessens injury, 416.
solubility of, 415.
with Bordeaux mixture, 417.
Longicorn beetle, 358, 427, 431, 435.
lucifuga, Cucullia, 450.
Lucilius, Nisoniades, 449.
lumbricoides, Ascaris, 298.
Lumsden, G. R., insects from, 462.
Luna, Actias, 455. 456.
lunata, Aphis, 320.
luteola, Galerucella, 297.
lutescens, Aulacomerus, 439.
Lycomorpha pholus, 450.
Lygus pratensis, 375.
Lyons, J. D., cited, 346.
insects from, 464.
insects on the grounds of, 295.

M
Macquart, cited, 309, 313.
Macrodactylus subspinosns, 418, 462.
Macropsis, 400. *
maculata, Vespa, 461.
maculicollis, Clastoptera, 394.
maculipennis, Idiocerus, 399.
magnaria, Ennomos, 456.
Maia, Hemileuca, 448, 456.
mali, Aphis, 293, 373, 405, 412, 481)
Monarthrum, 440.
Myzoxylus, 407.
Psylla, 323.
malifoliz, Aphis, 412.
malifoliella, Tischeria, 445, 462.
Mamestra Arctica, 447.
Picta, 455.
Mann, B. P., cited, 309, 311.
on Microdon globosus, 318.
Mantissa Insectorum (Fabricius) cited, 299.
Maple: insects injurious to,
Acocephalus vitellinus, 397.
Aphis asceris, 406.
Dryocampa rubicunda, 295.
Elaphidion parallelum, 357.
villosum, 359.
Glycobius speciosus, 442.
Gypona flavilineata, 397.
Incurvaria acerifoliella, 458.
Lachnosterna tristis, 296.
Lepyronia quadrangularis, 393.
Ornix acerifoliella, 458.
Penthimia Americana, 397.
Psylla annulata, 404.
vernalis, 404.
Zeuzera pyrina, 426-427.
Maple leaf cutter, 458.
Maple-tree aphis, 406.

GENERAL INDEX

Maple-tree borer, 442, i. CPs ett oe
Maple-tree pruner, Elaphidion parallelum, 357-
361. eth a
figured, 358.
food plants, 359.
frequent on Oaks, 359. — +
habits, 359, 360. Ss

|
injury to maples, 357, 358. ; ae
| . larva, 858, 359, 360. ) ae
remedy, 361. ae
uncommon on maples, 359. ee

| marginatum, Trochilium (Bembecia), 450. ay
| Marlatt, C. L., cited, 309. a
| fungus on Pollenia rudis stated by, 314. }
marginalis, Dytiscus, 462. ;
| Marguerite fly, 421. f
| marmorata, Carynota. 410. ;
Cyrtosia, 389. -
| Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and 3
| Journal cited, 359.
May-beetle, 353, 356.
May-bug, 354.
May-fly, 298.
McDougal, Mr.. insects from, 462. :
MeNeil, J., cited, 330, 332.
Meal-worm, 442.

~

Mealy bugs, 418. d

megatoma, Attagenus, 300, 302, 303. :

Dermestes (of Fabricius), 300. ;

| Meigenii, Eristalis, 462.

Meigen [J. W.] cited, 311. }
Melanoplus atlanis, 332.

| femur-rubrum, 296, 332, 464.
j spretus, 332.
Melitzea Nycteis, 448.
Phaéton, 448.
species, 454.
Melittia cucurbitee, 434.
Meloe angusticollis. 458.
Melon insect, Diabrotica vittata, 364.
Melsheimer, Dr., cited, 299.
melsheimerii, Amblycephalus, 401.
Deltocephalus, 410.
Membracida, 387.
Membracis mera, 410
Memoires Societé d’Agriculture de Caen, cited,
| 407

mera, Carynota, 388.

i Membracis, 410.

| Meske, Otto, cited, 450.

collection of Lepidoptera, 459.
Mesographe stramentalis, 456.
Microcentrus cary, 410.
Microdon globosus, 813.
Middletonii, Aphis, 371, 441.
minor, Athysanus, 400.

| Bythoscopus, 410.

| Mites, 377, 442, 464.
mitis, Systena, 344.

| molitor, Tenebrio, 308, 442.

/ mollipes, Aulacizes, 396.

Diedrocephala, 410.

ay onarthrum mali, 440.

Monilea fructigena, 360.

GENERAL INDEX

~ Monohammus confusor, 463.
ostegia ignota, 431.

, | monticola, Telamona, 410.

_ Moors, C. R., insects from, 344, 463.

_ Morris, Miss, on bark-borer associated with

peach-yellows, 307.

morula, Acronycta, 455.

mucronatus, Crangonyx, 347-349.

munda, Murgantia, 317.

. Munson, W. H., on spraying for, and observa-

Pid tions on, the Lpatlotectier: 341-342,

* vs Murgantia histrionica, 315-317, 441, 463.

j —- munda, 317.

; - Muriate of potash for mealy bugs, 418.

me murinus, Dermestes, 462.

_ Musca domestica, 310, 314.

familiaris, 309, 310, 313.

Py harpyia, 310, 314.

ss rudis, 309, 310.

ss muscee, Empusa, 314.

--- Muscidze, 309, 310.

Peay tomentose, 310.

-- musculus, Anthonomus, 431.

Museum pests, 381.

Mushrooms infested by Gamarus sp.?, 464.
Muslin or netting for protecting from insect

attack, 362.

Mustard, Murgantia histrionica feeds on, 316.

, _ Myndus impunctatus, 410.

Myriapoda, 372, 441, 466.

_ Myrmeleon ? immaculatus, 440.
Myron, Darapsa, 450.

__-- Mytilaspis pomorum, 372, 411, 413, 464.

ee) Myzoxylus mali, 407.

; Myzus cerasi, 293, 345-346, 369, 411, 412, 440, 463.

] ss persicae, 369.

ss ribis, 370-371.

ea
ye

a3 .

N

_-— Nadata gibbosa, 450, 456. |
_ Napthaline and carbonate of lime useless
agaiust the rose-bug, 420.

Nematocampa filamentaria, 456.

nenuphar, Conotrachelus, 297, 422, 440.

Neue Beitrige zur Kentniss der Psylliden.

i (Loew) — Verh. Wien Zool. Bot. Gesell.

We cited, 317.

Neuroptera, 464, 465.

New England Homestead cited, 318, 372.

New strawberry slug, 431.

Newton Horticultural Society and Newton
Center Improvement Association, rewards
for egg-belts of tent caterpillar, 437.

New York Times cited, 348. ©

---s New York Tribune cited, 300.

__--—s«Biger, Chrysops, 462.

___ nigricollis, C!astoptera, 395.

_ nigrinasi, Athysanus, 401.

e. Bythoscopus, 410.

Nisoniades Ausonius, 449.

,

% Icelus, 449,
2 Lucilius, 449.
os Persius, 449.
Ss species, 449.

nitida, Allorhina, 353.
Nitrate of soda, 372, 418, 441.
niveus, Gicanthus, 464(2).
Nixon nozzle, 328.
Noctuidee, 450, 453, 455, 456(2).
Northern lady-bird, 440.
Notman, Mrs. G., Ixodes from 464.
Notodonta concinna, 454.

species ?, 456.
noveboraceusis, Aulacizes, 396.

Diedrocephala, 410.
Nozzle for low spraying, 415.
Numitor, Ancyloxypha, 461.
nupera, Calocampa, 459.
Nursery stock injured by white grubs, 353-356.
Nycteis, Melitza, 448. ha

oO

Oak insects:
Anisota senatoria, 453.
Carynota arquata, 388. OF
Cixius impunctatus, 386.
Clastoptera testacea, 393.
Cossus robiniz, 426.
Cyrtosia marmorata, 389.
parallelum, 358-360.
Elaphidion villosum, 358, 360.
Empoa querci, 403.
Gypona fiavilineata, 397.
. Lachnus quercifoliz, 407.
Otiocerus abbotii, 386.
coquebertii, 386.
kirbyii, 386.
Phobetron pithecium, 461.
Smilia auriculata, 389.
inermis, 388. j
inornata, 388.
querei, 389.
vau, 388.
vittata, 389.
Telemona querci, 391.
reclivata, 391.
Thelia univittata, 392.
Oats, Silvanus Surinamensis in, 462.
Oberea bimaculata, 457.
tripunctata, 457.
oblinita, Acronycta, 456.
obliqua, Erythroneura, 403.
Typhlocyba, 410.
oblongifolia, Amblycorypha, 464,
obscurus, Tenebrio, 307-309, 442, 463.
Observation of some New York Rhopalocera » i
cited, 456. Soe
obsoletum, Dendroleon, 440.
obsoletus, Bruchus, 440, 463(2). ‘
obtusa, Clastoptera, 393.
ocellana, Tmetocera, 293, 296, 378, 440, 462.
ocellatus, Smerinthus, 451.
ochracea, Systena, 344.
Ocneria dispar, the gypsy moth, 422-426, 482-
433, 434, 440.
octomaculata, Alypia, 455.

Oe ee ee
rn ee ey ae er, Pe

eR es

a

484 GENERAL INDEX

oculatus, Alaus, 448. pallipennis, Carpophilus, 462. _ ERY F
odora, Erebus, 440. Pamphila Leonardus, 449. - Ti. agro s
Odynerus capra, 461. panicea, Sitodrepa, 440. 2
C£canthus niveus, 464(2). Papilio cited, 426.

Oestlund, G. W., cited, 371. Papilio Cresphontes, 336-337, 461.
Offensive odors as preventives of insect attack, abounds on a Mexican plant at Glen Gove,
Oil-beetle, 458. distribution from South America to Mon-

treal, 337.

figure of larva. 337.

fondness for Fraxinella, 337.

food-plants, 337.

gradval northern extension, 337.

occasional abundance in New York, 337.
pee Aphrophora, 410.

Parorgyia, 455.

parallella, Lepyronia, 393.

parallelum, Elaphidion, 357-361.

oleracea, Pieris, 444, 449.
Oliarus quinquelineatus, 410:
olitoria, Coelidia, 398.
olitorius, Jassus. 410.
Olivier: Encyclopédie Methodique. Histoire
Naturelle des animaux cited, 300.
- Onion-fly, 375.
Ontariella, Depressaria, 454.
opaculus, Hylesinus, 367.
opthalmicus, Smerinthus, 451.

363. . | 336.
|

Optilete, 410. | Paramesus vitellinus, 410.
Orange County Farmer cited, 318. Parasa chloris, 443.
Orange insects: | Parasite of
Elaphidion parallelum, 359. ! Cabbage butterfly, 447, 454,
Papilio Cresphontes, 337. | Clisiccampa Americana, 461.
orbitalis, Evacanthus, 397. | Euchzetes egle, 452.
Orchards: insects injurious to, Hemileuca Maia, 448.
Anisopteryx vernata, 296. Lagoa crispata, 452.

Carpocapsa pomonella, 296.
Clisiocampa Americana, 293.

| Myzus ribis, 370.
Psylla pyricola, 323, 324, 325, 326. -
i

Sphinx Celeus, 461.

Paria aterrima, 463.
Tmetocera ocellana, 293, 296, 373. Paris gretn, 297, 336, 340, 348, 345, 372, 374, 415,
Orchard spraying in a wet season, Bulletin; 416, 417, 423, 428, 482, 438, 434, 485, 443.
cited, 436. : | Parorgyia parallela, 455.
Orchard tent-caterpillar, 293. | Parsley, Plusia brassice on, 296.
Orgyia leucostigma, 295, 429, 487, 450, 452. | parta, Catocala, 456.
Ormenis pruinosa, 410. | Parthenos, Platarctia, 452.
Ornix acerifoliella, 458. ; | Peach-bark Scolytus, S. rugulosus, 365-368.

Orthoptera, 330, 333, 464, 466. | abundance, 365.
Orthoptera of New England (Fernald) cited, | attack fatal to trees unless arrested, 366.

350. elm-bark beetle an erroneous name, 367. ~
oryze, Calandra, 308. ' kerosene recommended for it, 366.
Osborn, H., cited, 338. | life-history not fully known, 366.
Oscinide, 313. | remedies, 365, 366.

Osten Sacken, Baron, cited, 309, 310. | Scolytidee can not cause ye ows, 367,
on species of Chlorops, 313. | sometimes associated wit ellows,'367
on the Marguerite fly, 421. usually attacks diseased trees, 366, 367.
Oticeerus abbotii, 386: | Peach: insects injurious to,
coquebertii, 386. Carpocapsa pomonella, 340.

degeerii, 386. Elaphidion villosum, 358-359,

kirbyii, 386. Myzus persice, 369.

wolfii, 386. / Phlceotribus liminaris, 365.
Otiorhynchus ovatus infesting a dwelling- | Sannina exitiosa, 267.

house, 297, 422, 463. white grubs, 354.

ovatus, Otiorhynchus, 297, 422, 463. Peach-tree aphis, 369.
Owl beetle, 447, 458. blight, 408.
Oyster-shell scale, 373. borer, 367.
Pea insect, Bruchus pisi, 439.
e Pear-blight beetle, 419.
Packard, A. S., cited, 317, 345(2), 349, 359, 360, | Pear: insects injurious to,

428, 452. Diplosis pyrivora, 318,
Pzonies, Ellychnia corrusea occurring on, 463. Dynastes Tityus, 342, 444, 463,
Pale-colored fisa-beetle, 375. Eriocampa cerasi, 335, 440.
palliatus, Desmocerus, 462. Euphoria Inda, 443, 463.

pallidus, Idiocerus, 399. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 420.

a J . =
Te) ey ee ee

<*> oo "* »y
woe ee.

>

Vio ‘
¥ eT wae te
‘ J

ts injurious to— (Continued) : _ Penhallow, D. P. cited, 367.
optus pyri, 442. 4 | Pennsylvanica, Epicauta, 443; 463.
a& pyri, 321, 322, 323. Pennsylvanicus, Bombus, 461.
Ryrleol ee 317-329, 429, 430, 445, Chauliognathus, 344,
Pentatomide, 315.
elandri: ‘ Penthimia Americana, 397.
- Xyleborus dispar, 365, 419. hemorrhoea, 397.
-Zeuzera pyrina, 426. sanguinicollis, 397.
-leaf blister, 377, 442. Periodical cicada, 440.
dge, 318, 324. Perkins, G. H., cited, 356.
Peroxide of silicates as an insecticide, 368,
«429, 434, 441, 445. Persian insect powder, 352.
ee Ravittapics at Catskill, N. Y., 324. persicee, Myzus, 369.
bibliography, 317-318. Persius, Nisoniades, 449.
described by Dr. Harris, 321. Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada —
distribution in the United States, 325. Coleoptéres, cited, 300, 307.
re ted Harris’ early observations on, 320-322, | Phaéton, Meliteea, 448.
D r. . Riley’s studies of, 322. Phaleenidz, 453, 456.
ee 2 rliest notice of in the United States, | Philampelus Achemon, 451.
819-321. Phlepsius fulvidorsum, 410.
a4 eggs described and figured, 328. irroratus, 410.
eggs unaffected by kerosene, 329. strobi, 410.
‘s i, of Psyllidze Chapacrerieeds 319. Phlceotribus liminaris, 365-368.
oF Phobetron pithecium, 443, 455-456, 461.
pholus, Lycomorpha, 450.
Genet’s observations, 320. Phorodon humuli, 294, 369.
hibernating brood, 827. Phosphates, 418.
Phyllotreta vittata, 375.
Phylloxera vitifolize, 347, 464.
~“Phymata Wolfii, 463.
: Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 421.
ker ‘osene emulsion Boe killing it, 329. lateralis, 421.
u e-history, 326-328. Phytonomus punctatus, 440.
‘ Mr. Slingerland’s: observations and studies, | Phytoptidze, 377, 442.
1 Seal 826-328, ; Phytoptus pyri, 442.
s' ae multiplication in the Hudson river valley, | piceus, Attagenus, 299-306.
Fi 822-825. Dermestes, 300.
—- New E England localities, 325. picta, Ceramica, 455.
po ‘* oS a RR in western States, 325. Mamestra, 455.
_— trees killed by it, 326. Piere2, W. C. onthe white-pine weevil, 344,
_ ‘Yavages at Ghent, N Y., 324. Pieris oleracea, 444, 449.
er remedies, 329. rapee, 442, 444, 446, 447, 449, 454(2).
_ winter form simulans, 328. Pike [Nicolas] cited, 426, 427.

ba Preetreo or cherry-tree slug, 335-336. pinastri, Ellema, 449,
v ee ear-tree Scolytus, 366. ‘i Pine-bark Chermes, 454.
Pear-tree slug, 440. Pine: insects attacking,
“arson, Colonel, cited, 420. Aphis pinicolens, 406.
se, Ira, insect from, 461. : Bythoscopus strobi, 398.
weevil, 439. Chermes pinicorticis, 454.
Chionaspis pinifoliz, 377.
: ~ honey-dew cus identified by, 347. Cixius pini, 385.
on a. Austrian pines, 377-378. Clastoptera pini, 393-394.
testacea, 393.
Eacles imperialis, 453.
Eliema pineum, 449.
Empoa coccinea, 403.
Eriosoma strobi, 409.
Lepyronia parallella, 393.
saratogensis, 393.
3 higus pyri. 411, 413. Livia femoralis, 404.

_ tessellata, 346-347, 411, 413, 463. Pissodes strobi, 345.
oe teat with PED 347. Pine-tree blight, 409.

486
pineum, Ellema, 449.
pini, Cixius, 385.
Clastoptera, 393-394, 410.
pinicolens, Aphis, 406, 412.
pinicorticis, Chermes, 454.
Coccus, 454.
pinifoliz, Chionaspis, 377.
Pinus strobus, Eacles imperialis on, 453.
pisi, Bruchus, 439.
Pissodes strobi, 344-345.
pithecium, Phobetron, 443, 455-456, 461.
Plant-lice, 319, 347, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 418,
432.
‘Platarctia Parthenos, 452.
Plathemis trimaculata, 464.
Platycerura furcilla, 450, 455.
Platymetopius acutus, 410.
Platysamia Cecropia, 455.
Plumb, Dr. O. on pear Psylla, 319-820, 321,
322.
Plum curculio, 297, 417, 422, 433-434, 440.
Plum: insects injurious to,
Aphis mali, 431-432.
pruni, 367.
Carpocapsa pomonella, 340.
Conotrachelus nenuphar, 297,44¢.
Elaphidion parallelum, 359.
Eriocampa cerasi, 335.
Myzus cerasi, 346, 440.
Selandria cerasi, 335.
white grubs, 354.
Plum-tree aphis, 368-369.
Plusia zroides, 456.
ballueca, 456.
brassicee, 296, 422, 462.
Podisus spinosus, 457.
Podosesia syringze, 338, 461.
Peciloptera pruinosa, 387. Y
vulgaris, 387.
Pollenia, 310.
atramentaria, 313.
rudis, 309-314, 439.
vespillo, 310, 313.
Polyphemus, Telea, 456.
Polystictus versicolor, a fungus, 462.
pomifoliella, Bucculatrix, 445.
pomonella, Carpocapsa, 296, 338.-342, 422.
pomorum, Mytilaspis, 373, 411, 413, 464.
Pomroy, Norman, insects from, 464.
Poplar insects:
Aphis populifolize [Chaitophorus populi-
folige], 406, 412.
Aulacomerus °* lutescens
nalis] 439.
Chaitophorus populi, 411, 412.
populifolice, 411, 412.
Idiocerus lachrymalis, 398.
pallidus, 399.
Lachnus populi [Chaitophorus populi], 407
412.
Poplar saw-fly, 439.
Potash salts, 418.

[Cladius vimi

GENERAL INDEX

Potato insects, ete.: pier a! EU
Acariden, 464. ns OOS aaa
Cosmopepla carnifex, 458. —
Doryphora decemlineata, 297.

Julus coeruleocinctus, 464.
Lachnosterna fusca, 296.
white grubs. 356.

Powell, G. T. cited, 318, 326.
pear-tree Psylia in orchards of, 324, 326.

Practical Entomologist cited, 300, 307.

Prairie Farmer cited, 300.

pratensis, Bryobia, 440.

Lygus, 375.
Prickly-ash, Papilio Cresphontes on, 337.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia cited 299(8), 300(8).
Proceedings of the Albany Institute cited, 299.
446, 454(2).
Proceedings of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science cited. 317@).
Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society cited, 300(@).
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ingten cited, 317, 322.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural ~
History cited, 300(2), 304.
Proceedings of the United States Bares!
Museum cited, 309(2), 311.
Proconia quadrivittaia, 395-396.
prolifica, Chloropisca, 440.
Chlorops, 313, 440.

Promethea, Callosamia, 455.

Protection from the cabbage maggot, 431.

Protection from the striped cucumber beetle,

419,

Proteus, Clastoptera, 394.

Provancher, Abbé, cited, 300, 307.

pruinosa, Cicada, 385.

Ormenig, 410.
Poeciloptera, 387.

pruni, Aphis, 369.

Psyche cited, 309, 311, 330, 410,

Psycomorpha epimenis, 455.

Psylla annulata, 404, 411.
carpini, 404, 411.
mali, 323.
pyri, 321, 322, 323, 441.
pyricola, 293, 317-329, 445,
pyrisuga, 317, 322, 323.
quadrilineata, 404, 411.
tripunctata, 404, 411.

Psyllidee, 317, 319, 381, 404, 411.

Psyllinege, 411.

Ptelea, Papilio Groaptartons on, 3387.

Pteromalus puparum, parasitic’on Pieris rapes,

447, 454.

pulchraria, Cleora, 450.

Pulvinaria salicis, 411.

punctatus, Phytonomus, 440.

Pupa of Daremma undulosa, 452.
Elaphidion parallelum, 358.

St) SEEN 8d day Wh mh a} ee
WAP a ald, iy : .

Pupa of — (Continued) :
Hemileuca Maia, 448.
Lagoa crispata, 452.
Murgantia histrionica, 315.
Pissodes strobi, 344.

Psylla pyricola, 327.
Thyreus Abbotii, 451.

puparum, Pteromalus, 447, 454.

putatcr, Stenocorus. 358-359.

Pyrameis Atalanta, 454. .

Pyrethrum, 312, 314, 363, 371, 420, 441, 442.

pyricola, Psylla, 317-829, 445.
pyri, Eriosoma, 408, 413.
Pemphigus, 411, 413.
Phytoptus, 442.
Psylla, 321, 322, 323, 411.
Xyleborus, 419.
pyrina, Zeuzera, 426-427, 462.
pyrisuga, Psylla, 317, 322, 323.
pyrivora, Diplosis, 318, 441.
Pyrrharctia isabella, 439.
Pyrrhia umbra, 456.

oO
quadrangularis, Lepyronia, 393.
quadrigibbus, Anthonomus, 419.
quadrilineata, Psylla, 404, 411.
quadrinotata, Aphrophora, 392.
quadrivittata, Proconia, 395-396.

Quassia useless against the rose-bug, 420.

querci, Atymna, 410.
Empoa, 403.
Smilia, 389.
Telamona, 391.
Typhlocyba, 410.
quercifoliz, Lachnus, 407, 412.

GENERAL [NDEX 487

Remarks at afField Meeting{ofjthe Albany Insti-
tute, notice of, 454(2).
| Remarks on Myrmeleon, Termes,j etc., notice
of, 454.

Remedies for insect attacks:
) acetate of copper, 420.
. acid and lime wash, 365, 366.
Babbitt’s Continental Washing-powder, 434.
bagging, 364.
banding with burlaps, 425.
tar paper, 424.
benzine, 204, 305.
bisulphide cf,carbon, [308, 863, 427, 439, 442,
) 443,
bone dust, 363.
/ Bordeaux mixture, 420.
burdock infusion, 362.
burning, 316, 361, 423, 424,441 5442, 444, 445.
camphor, 305.
carbolated lime, 420.
carbolie acid, 363, 418, 428, 441.

with oils, 442.
carbonate of copper solution,!417.

lime, 420.
castile soap, 444.
} caustic potash, 444.
Cocculus indicus berries, 352.
coal soot, 363.
collecting the egg-belts, 437 ."441, 444.
_ copper compounds, 436.
| solution, 369.
corn meal, 444.
creosote oil, 434.
crushing the eggs, 316, 441.
cyanide potassium, 852.
decoction of quassia, 420.

Quercus prinoides, Anisota senatoria on, 453. eso y=nS Stee ae

Quince, Eriocampa cerasi on, 335.
quinquelineatus, Cixius, 386.
Oliarus, 410.

R
Radish insects:
Murgantia histrionica, 316, 317.
munda, 317.

Phyllotreta vittata, 375.
rape, Pieris, 442, 444, 446, 447.
Raspberry borer, 457.
Raspberry insects:
Ceelidia olitoria, 398.
Erythroneura vulnerata, 402-403.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 420.
Oberea bimaculata, 457.
tripunctata, 457.
Raupenleim, or insect lime, 425.
reclivata, Telamona, 391.
Red ants, 371, 441.
spider, 432.
Red-legged locust, 332.
Red-winged Grapta, 446.
Reed, C. M., insects from, 463.
Reilly, R. M., insects from, 463.

| fencing out insects, 363.

gasoline, 352.

gauze-covered frames, 363.

Gold Dust Soap-powder, 432.

gypsum, 363.

hand-picking, 316.

hellebore, 316, 336, 372, 431, 440.

hot water, 356, 371-3872, 441.

hydrocyanic acid gas, 352.

infested shoots burned, 345.

insectivorous birds, 349-351, 356, 357.9

jarring, 365.

kerosene, 304, 316-317, 329, 372, 366, 424, 425,

) 430, 482, 434, 442, 444. .

kerosene emulsion, 316, 329, 345, 353-354, 362,
369(3), 373, 374, 375-876, 420, 430, 431, 436,

| 440-441, 442, 443, 444.

lime, 336, 416, 418, 420, 434, 435, 441.

London purple, 297, 372, 414-415, 416, 417, 420,

435.

/ manures, 363.

mechanical coating, 363.

muriate of potasn, 418.

muslin or netting coverings, 362.

napthaline, powdered, 420.

488

Remedies for — (Continued) :
nitrate of soda, 372, 418, 441.
offensive odors, 363.
Paris green, 297, 336, 341, 348, 345, 372, 374,
415-416, 417(3), 423, 428, 432-433, 434, 443.
peroxide of silicates, 363.
Persian insect powder, 352.
phosphates, 418.
planting beans with cucumbers, 363.
poisonous coating, 363.
potash salts, 418.
pyrethrum, 312, 314, 363,.371, 418, 420, 441.
with flour, 442.
raupenieim, insect lime, 425.
removal of the outer bark of the tree, 428-
429.
road dust, 336.
saltpetre, 363.
sludge-oil soap, 418, 420.
slug shot, 363.
soap suds, 345, 369, 370, 441(2).
sulphate of copper, 434.
sulphur, 352, 442.
tar, 442, 444.
tarred paper, 431.
tobacco, 345, 369, 370, 371, 372, 418, 419, 420,
441, 442.
trapping with leaves, 316, 441.
turpentine, 352.
and land plaster, 363.
whale-oil soap, 370, 440.
white arsenic and lime, 434-435.
whiting, 418.
wood ashes, 372.
X. O. dust, 418, 420.
Remedy for the —
American meal-worm, 308, 309, 442.
apple-leaf miner, 445.
apple tree aphis, 372, 373, 431-432.
bark-louse, 373.
Bucculatrix, 445.
tent-caterpillar, 436, 441.
army-worm, 443.
bean weevil, 439.
bed-bug, 458.
beet-leaf miners, 375.
black blister beetle, 443.
black-rot, 436.
blight in asters, 372.
prown-rot, 369, 417.
cabbage aphis, 432.
butterfly, 442.
fly, 431.
maggot, 418.
worm, 444.
cherry-tree aphis, 345-346, 369, 440.
slug, 336.
cluster-fly, 312, 314, 439.
codling-moth, 341, 417, 433, 435.
Colorado potato bzetle, 297.
cow-horn fly, 442.
eurculios, 364, 365, 415, 416.
currant aphis, 370.

GENERAL INDEX ey |,

Remedy for the — Cantina : > a
elm-tree bark-borer (Saperda), 428-499,
_elm-tree borer (Zeuzera), 426-427.
eye-spotted bud-moth, 378. oT chigy
flea-beetle, 375. aaa
fleas, 352-353.
fungous diseases, 436.
grain moth (Sitotroga), 308, 309. Bat <i i
grain weevils (Calandra, Silvanus, ete i
308, 309. 3 rae:
grape curculio, 364-365.
grapevine leaf-hopper, 430.
Gypsy moth, 423, 424, 425, 432-433, 434.
harlequin cabbage-bug, 316-317, 441.
Indian cetonian, 443. (rei ae
leaf blights, 436. 2 ee
miners, 376. Sekine:
rollers, 374.
maple-tree borer, 442.
pruner, 361.
meal-worm, 442,
oak-pruner, 361.
peach-bark Scolytus, 365.
pear-leaf blister, 442.
pear-tree aphis, 369.
borer, 366.-
mnite, 442.
psylla, 329, 430, 441.
slug, 336,440.
pea-weevil, 439.
plant-lice, 418.
plum aphis, 369.
curculio, 417, 433, 434.
plum-leaf fungus, 417.
potato-scab, 436.
powdery mildew, 436.
raspberry borer, 457.
red spider, 432.
root grubs, 444.
root-inhabiting aphis, 371. _ j
rose-bug, 418, 420.
rose-leaf roller, 418.
scale insects (Coccide), 447, 454.
scurfy bark-louse, 441.
strawberry root,grub, 443.
slug, 431.
weevil, 431.
striped cucumber beetle, 362, 363, 364, 419.
flea beetle, 375
tarnished plant-bug, 375.
tent caterpillars, 433, 444.
thousand-legged worms, 372.
thrips on cabbage, 444.
turnip-fiea beetle, 375.
weevil in a granary, 444.
white grub, 353-354.
white-pine weevil, 345.
remotepunctata, Calandra, 308.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture —
cited, 317, 340, 341.
Report of the Commissioner of Patents cited,
317, 356,

ya the Committee on Pa 41d)

eport ee the Department of ‘Agriculture
veU , 833, , 884,
or’ ‘of the ee ae Society of Ontario

ate Station cited, 341.
sport of ‘the New York ‘State Cabinet of
al History cited, 381, 448(2), 449(6),

of the New York State Museum cited,

‘ 9 439, 451(4), 45205), 45305), '455(5), 456(4), |

* apne of the Peabody Academy of Science
; acing 448.

of the United States Hntomolozical
mu miss ion cited, 330, 345.
ne ent Station cited, 431. -
2 on the Insects of Illinois cited, 307,

; 38, 324, 3302), 331 Q), 349(2), 344, 345-346, 353,

_—- B59(2), 862, 373, 375, 439(3), 447, 457(4), 4585).
Resistance of fleas to insecticides, 352.

vevision of Some of the American Butterflies,

"Betngeoros honda, 342, 440.
_ Rhopalocera, 456.
a ee 412.
Ng -berberidis, 411.
yssa atrata, 454.
Pitscaria, Abraxas [Eufitchia], 456.
ae Dat 370-371.

‘218, 330, 341, "354, ‘419, ‘457.
_ corrections and notes to Fitch Homoptora,
881, 411.
on feather felting by Mies 7 A 304,
on Psylla pyricola, 322.
Be: __ on the Strawsonizer machine, 417.
ss quoted, 315, 331, 355.
_ rimosa, Cicada, 335.
_ Tibicen, 410.
y Bing rot, 378.
; dust for insects, 336.
Paoberts, M. cited, 428(2).
binize, Xyleutes [Cossus], 450.
ocky mountain locust, 332.

62

Root-feeding aphis, a7.

| Root-grubs, 444.

rosaceana, Caccecia, 418.

Rose, A. P. cited, 343.

Rose-bug: attempts to control it in Vineland, —

N. J., futile, 420.

Dr. Smith's experience with it, 420.
insecticides, etc.,‘tested on it, 420.
sludge-oil soap ‘lis most effectual, 418.
valuable paper on, 419.
voracity of the insect, 420.

Rose insects:
Caccecia rosaceana, 418.

) Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus, 344, 463.
Cochliopodee species, 443.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 419-420,
Parasa chloris, 443.

Tetranychus telarius, 432.
white grubs, 354.
Rose, J. F., insects from, 461,
Rose-ieaf caterpillar, 443.
roller, 418.
Round-headed apple-tree borer, 440.
rubicunda, Dryocampa, 295. 422, 455.
rudbeckiz, Aphis, 406, 412.
_ Siphonophora, 411, 412.
rudis, Musca, 309, 310.
Pollenia, 309-314, 439.
rufimanus, Bruchus, 440.
rufipennis, Attagenus, 300.
rufocoxalis, Apanteles, 461.
rugosa, Lachnosterna, 355.
rumicis, Aphis, 440.
Rural New Yorker cited, 300, 324, 363, 420, 439.
Rutacez, Papilio Cresphontes attacking, 337.
/
-

Ss

salicellis, Lachnus, 407, 412.
salicis, Chionaspis, 411.

Coceus, 409, 411, 418.

Lecanium, 411, 413.

Pulvinaria, 411.
Saltpetre tested for the ucimisr beetle, 368.
sambucifoliz, Aphis, 406, 412. -
sanguinicollis, Penthimia, 397.
Sannina exitiosa, 367.
Saperda candida, 440.

tridentata, 427-429,

Lepyronia, 393.
Saunders, Wm. cited, 300, 317, 367.
Saw-flies, 335.
Sayii, Amblycephalus, 401.
scabra, Hypena, 454.
sealaris, Heliria, 410.
Scale-insect, 377, 440.
scarlatina, Gypona, 397..
Scarlet Empoa, 403.
Scepsis fulvicollis, 456.
Schenectady Union cited. 299.
Schizoneura imbricator, 411, 412.
lanigera, 411, 412.
ulmi, 411, 412.

; Retieadeunacs” MAF as
_ Sebleegeri, Cryptolechia, 456.
oi ‘Schwarz, E. A. cited, 307.
Science cited, 300, 318, 441.

_ Scoliopteryx libatrix, 456.

. _ Seolytidee, 365, 367.

_ Scolytus beetle, 428.
4 ‘Scorias spongiosum, a honey-dew fibend 347,
463.

(a Anthrenus, 299-306.
_ Seudder’s Butterflies of the Eastern United
“States cited, 345.
_ Seudder, S. H. cited, 330(2), 448.
_ Seurfy bark-louse, 440.
_ Selandria cerasi, 335.
- seminudus, Eutettix, 410.
_ Senatoria, Anisota, 450, 453.
septendecim, Cicada, 365, 440.
serrata, Haematobia, 296, 442, 444, 462.
5 serraticornis, Cucullia, 456.
Sesiadee, 338.
‘Sesia diffinis, 450.
- Buffaloénsis, 451.
Pasties <oReapeeaael locust, 333.
sex-guttata, Cicindela, 462.
Shear, C. L., insects from, 462.
‘signatus, Anthonomus, 431.
_ Silk-weed insect, Aphis asclepiadis, 405.
Silk-worms, 423.
_ Silliman’s Journal of Science cited, 309.
_ Silpha Americana, 462.
_ Silvanus advena, 308.
cassie, 308, 462.
Surinamensis, 308, 462.
Simmons, Mrs. H., insects from, 461.
simulans, Psylia, 328.
_ sinuata, Entilia, 387.
_ Siphonophora asclepiadis, 411.
avenz, 294.
rudbeckie, 411, 412.
Hi Sitodrepa panicea, 440.
_-—-—s Sitotroga cerealella, 308.
---- §lingerland, M. V.
3/8, 319, 325, 329, 429.
he Slocombe, Edwin, insects from, 464.
6 _ Sludge-oil soap, 365, 366, 418, 420.

i 365, 366.

Slugs, 335, 336, 440.

Slug-shot tested as a remedy, 863.

Smart, J. S., insects from, 296, 463.

Smerinthus Cerisyi, 451.
geminatus, 451.
Jamaicensis, 451.
ocellatus, 451.
opthalmicus, 451.

_ S$milia auriculata, 389.
castaneze, 389.

guttata, 389.
inermis, 388.
inornata, 388.
querci, 389.

tii Smilia species Be a

Smith, Dr. 3. B: sited, sib,

‘on the pear-tree Psylla,

: Sludge-oil soap, carbolic acid and lime wash,

vau, 388. a ate
- -vittata, 389, | ye

on sludge-oil soap, 418. !

on the rose-bug, 419-420. lie aS,
Smith, J. W., insects from, 368. Bs
Smith, Mrs. E. B., insects from, 61

463, 464. :

Snowball: Hemaris Buffaloénsis 01 !
Snow, G. C., insects fen: 865, 366 ei: uf
Soap-powders, 434. He
Soap suds, 345, 369, 371, 432, 441@).

for cabbage aphis, 432.
Soldier-bug, 457. ;

beckize on, 406.
Solubility of London purple, 415.
Sour-gum trees attractive to the rose-b
Southwick, E. B. cited, 426. ee ,
insects from, 462. i ee
Species Général des Lépidoptares i
cited, 450.

speciosus, Glycobius, 442,
Spectre-insect, 446.
Spectrum femoratum, 446.
Speyer, Dr. A. cited, 450, 454.
Speyeri, Cucullia, 456.
Sphingidee, 449, 450, 451, 458, 459.
Sphinx Celeus, 461. ve a
Sphinx, New, Ellema pineum, 449.
Spilosoma latipennis, 455. oA
Virginica, 440, 455. ‘
Spindle-worms, 447.
spinosa, Arma, 457.
spinosus, Podisus, 457.
Spotted horn-bug, 342, 444.

370, 372, 373, 374, 41702), 428, 424, "430
432(2), 433, 434, 435, 440, 441, 442.

Spraying for codling-moth, 417, 433. —

Fungous Diseases, Babee on,

435. f
Insects and Fungous Pests, Bulletin Te)
cited, 436.
plum curculio, 417, 333. :
Spraying fruits, 436. RO

machinery, 426.
orchards in a wet season, Bulletin on, ¢
436. hs OD
with insecticides, article on, 414-418. _
spretus, Caloptenus, Melanoplus, 332.
Spruce insects:
Athysanus abietis, 400.
Cixius pini, 385.
Lachnus abietis, 407.
Pissodes strobi, 344.
spurcus, Attagenus, 300.

i Bec ru . Soo Bleutheratorum coerce ‘cited, sy
, Diabrotica vittata injurious to, 361. 299, 300.
Systema Enttoinblogies (Fabricius) cited, 299.
-] Systema Naturze (Linnzeus) cited, 299, 385, ec,
mors 406, 407(2).
putator [Elaphidion ee Systena blanda, 344, 375.
elongata, 344.
a s dorsalis, 410. frontalis, 297, 313-344, 422, 463.
toce| phala inermis, 410. ligata, 344.
natus, Cixius, 385 ai mitis, 344.
al Gianretia: 455. - ochracea, 344.
m oxys calcitrans, 444. teeniata, 344.
ae Mesographe=straminalis, Ever-

| Tabanus lineola, 462.
sulcifrons, 462.
ace Anthonomus musculus, 431. Tarnished plant-bug, 375.
™ a. nig - signatus, 431. Tar paper, banding with, 424.
‘Harpalus sp.?, 462. protection from cabbage maggot,
sachnosterna fusca, 296. Tarquinius, Feniseca, 346.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 420. Telamona ampelopsidis, 391.
ostegia eee hee concava, 390.
coryli, 391, 410.
*fagi [Heliria scalaris], 391.
fasciata, 390, 410.
weevil, 430-431. monticola, 410.
sonizer, an insecticide machine, 417-418. |. _querci, 391.
cucumber beetle, Diabrotica vittata, reclivata, 391.
tristis, 391.
unicolor, 390.
Telamones=Atlantes, 390.
figu telarius, Tetranychus. 432.
Fak Telea Polyphemus, 456.
4 ae pection pate 419. tenax, Eristalis, 462(2).
Tenebrio molitor, 308, 442.
stro obi, Eriosoma, 409, “412. Tenebrio obscurus, 307-309, 44%, 463.
Lachnus, 411, 412. abundance in a granary, 307.
_ Phlepsius, 410. : American meal-worm, 308.
ares _ Pissades, 344-345. beetle described, 308.
am - stygia, Czecidotea, 349. : bibliography, 307.
3S stygius, Asellus, 348. different stages figured. 368.
bifasciata, Ccelidia, 398. food-habits, 308.
" subspinosus, Macrodactylus, 418, 462. larval features, 307-308.
sulcifrons, Tabanus, 462. limited literature, 307.
Sulphate of copper as an insecticide, 434. pygidial characters of larva, 308.
Seale Arphia, 330. remedy in bisulphide of carbon, 308-309:
ulphur for the pear leaf blister, 442. Tent-caterpillars, 432, 436, 437, 444.
_ fumigation. 352. tergatus, Chlorotettix, 410.
a bethidirc acid with cyanide of potassium as | Termes flavipes, 454.
10 an insecticide; 352. ternata, Choisya, 461.
Sunday Morning Press [Albany, N. Y.] cited, tessellata, Eriosoma, 408, 413.
iy Pemphigus, 346-347, 411, 413, 463.
wie _ Surinamensis, Silvanus, 308, 462. testacea, Clastoptera, 393.
a Idiocerus, 399. Tetranychus telarius, 432.
Tettigonia bifida, 395.
s Cross cited, 448, “eight-lineata, 397.
i aeons of the Aphididz of Minnesota (est- _ tripunctata, 395.
- lund) cited, 371. Tettigonides, 396, 402.
nga borer, 338 Tettix species, 330.
inge, ita 338, 461. Thamnotettix clitellarius, 410.
A ss “ Syrphid fy, 313. Thaxter, Dr. R. cited, 314.
ie omen flies, 440 440. The Argus [Albany, N. Y.] cited, 299.

492
Thecla Irus, 449.
Thelia bimaculata, 392.
crategi, 392.
Thistle, Entilia concava on, 387.
Thomas, A. T. cited, 359.
insects from, 358, 360. |
Thomas, Dr. J. J. cited, 317, 346, 371. -
on pear tree blight, 320.
quoted, 331.
thoracica, Chrysopila, 462.
thoracicus, Anthrenus, 299, 301.
Thorn-bush iusects:
Aphis cratzgifoliz, 406.
Thelia cratzgi, 392.
Thorn-leaf Aphis, 406.
Thousand-legged worm, 372, 441.
Three-banded Erythroneura, 403.
Three-dotted Psylla, 404.
Tettigonia, 395.
Three-lined leaf-beetle, 457.
‘Three-tvothed Saperda, 429.
‘Thrips, 377, 430, 445.
Thyreus Abbotii, 451, 461.
Thyridopteryx ephemerzeformis, 440.
Thysanoptera, 445.
tibicen, Cicada, 4:0.
Tibicen rimosa, 410.
septendecim, 410.
tiliz, Coccus, 409, 413.
Lecanium, 411, 413,
Timothy eater, 457.
Tineid on trunk of elms, 46?.
Tipulidz, 462.
Tischeria apple-leaf miner, 445.
malifoliella, 445, 462.
- Tityus, Dynastes, 343, 440, 444, 463.
Tmetocera ocellana, 293, 296, 373, 440, 462.
Tobacco, 345, 369, 370, 371, 372, 418, 419, 420,
441, 442. .
Tolype velleda, 455.
tomentose, Muscide, 310.
Townsend, Mr., on grapevine leaf-hopper, 430.
Tragocephala, viridifasciata, 330.
Tragopa dorsalis, 392.
Transactions of the American Entomological
Society cited, 300(2), 304, 344, 410, 446, 451.
Transactions of the Linnzan Society cited, 386
(4), 387.

Transactions of the Maryland Academy of
Science cited, 410.

Transactions of the New York State Agri-
cultural Society cited, 299, 317, 359.

Trapping insects with leaves, 316, 441.

Treatise on the Insects of New England (Har-
ris) cited, 317.

Tribolium ferrugineum, 308, 463.

tricincta. Erythroneura, 403.

Typhlocyba, 410.

tricosa, Agrotis, 456.

tridentata, Saperda, 427-429.

trilineata, Lema, 457.

trimaculata, Plathemis, 464.
trimaculatus, Pediopsis, 400. $ my
Trioza tripunctata, 411. : en
Triozine, 411. :
tripunctata, Oberea, 457.
Psylla, 404, 411.
Tettigonia, 395.
Trioza, 411.
tristis, Anasa, 434.
Lachnosterna, 296, 463.
Telamona, 391. :
Trochilium (Bembecia) marginatum, 450.
Trox unistriatus, 463, are
Trypetid, 462.
tuberculatus, Hippiscus, 330.
Turnip flea-beetle, 375.
Turnip, Phyllotreta vittata attacking, 375.
Turpentine as an insecticide, 352.
with land plaster, 363.
twelve-punctata, Diabrotica, 440.
Two-horned Ceresa, 390.
Two-spotted Enchophyllum, 387.
lady-bug, 306, 370.
Thelia, 392.
Typhlocyba affinis, 410.
eoccinea, 410.
obliqua, 410.
querci, 410.
tricincta, 410.
vitis, 410.
vulnerata, 410.

“dh,

U

Uhbler, P. R. cited, 317, 410. -

ulmi, Lachnus, 407, 412.
Schizoneura, 411, 412.

Ulmus Americana,Saperda tridentata tigations

to, 427. :

umbra, Pyrrhia, 456.

umbrosa, Grapta, 446.

Underwood, Prof. L. M. cited, 337.

undulosa, Daremma, 452.

unicolor, Chiorotettix, 410.
Telamona, 390.

unicornis, Coelodasys [Schizura], 455.

unio, Eudryas, 450, 455.

unistriatus, Trox, 463.

univittata, Thelia, 392.

Uroxiphus carye, 392.

Vv

Vandenberg, Dr. W. H., insects from, 462.
Vanduzea arquata, 410.
Van Duzee, E. P. cited, 325, 381.
corrections and notes to catalogue, 361,
410.
Van Slyke, H., insects from, 462.
variabilis, Athysanus, 400.

Bythoscopus, 410.

v _
o an Hyperchiria, 453.

‘ clea -yau, Cyrtolobus, 410.

ae ——- Smilia, 388.

: -yelleda, Tolype, 455.

be ae ermorel nozzle, 328, 370, 441.

_ yernalis, Livia, 404, 411.
‘al aah vernata, Anisopteryx, 296, 422.
= 4 ; verticis, Jassus, 410.
He Vespa maculata, 461.
oe. species?, 461.
__yespillo, Pollenia, 310, 313.
—-vetusta, Calocampa, 459.
_ Y¥iburnum opulus, Hemaris Buffaloénsis
on, 451.
- Victorin, Mrs. A., insects from, 461.
____ yillosum, Elaphidion, 358, 359.

*3 Vineyardist cited, 430.

__ 'Virginica, Ctenucha. 456.
< _ Spilosoma, 440, 455.
me * Xylocapa, 461.

___ viridifasciata, Chimarocephala, 380, 439.
he Chortophaga, 298, 330-334, 489, 464.
ea Locusta, 330.
Tragocephala, 330.
viridis, Pediopsis, 399.
vitellinus, Acocephalus, 397.
sta - Paramesus, 410.
_ vitifolize, Phylloxera, 347, 464.
___ yitis, Erythroneura, 403.
: Typhlocyba, 410.
vittata, Diabrotica, 361-364.
Smilia, 389.
* Phyllotreta, 375.
vivida, Hystricia, 462.
V-marked Smilia, 388.
vulgaris, Lamenia, 410.
> - Peeciloptera, 387.
__-vulnerata, Erythroneura, 402-403.
Typhlocyba, 410.

Ww

_ Walking-stick, 446.

Walnut: insects attacking,

Sy: - Gypona flavilineata, 397.

as Idiocerus lachrymalis, 398-399.

- Otiocerus wolfii, 386.

Telamona fasciata, 390.
Uroxiphus carye, 392.

Nye Zeuzera pyrina, 426.

A Walsh, B. D. cited, 300, 307, 365.

-Walsh-Riley cited, 317.
Water from faucets in Albany, contained

Ascaris lumbricoides, 298.
blood-leech, sp. undeterm., 298.
me Gordius species, 298.

Webster, F. M. cited, 325, 364, 365.
Weed, C. M. cited, 300, 330, 346.
; experiments on the cucumber beetle, 362-
4 363, 419.
on arsenical spraying of plum trees, 417.

as es: ae, SRO GENERAL INDEX

~

tr

Weed, C. M.— (Continued) :
on the green-striped grasshopper, 331.
Weed, H. E., insects from, 462.
remedy for the harlequin cabbage-bug
316-317.
Weevil in a granary, 443.
Westwood, Prof. J. O. cited, 307, 308.
Whale-oil soap, 370, 440.
Wheat insects :
Amblycephalus inimicus, 401.
Delphax arvensis, 386.
Leucania species ?, 457.
Tenebrio molitor, 442.
Tenebrio obscurus, 442, 463.
Tribolium ferrugineum, 463.
white grubs, 356.
White arsenic and lime, 434-435.
White grubs, 296, 350, 353-357, 422.
eaten by therobin, 356-357.
injuring nursery stock, 358-356.
White-marked tussock-moth, 295, 429, 437.
injury by, 295.
White-pine weevil, 344-345.
Whiting, a component of ‘‘ X. O. Dust,” 418.
Willow insects :

Anotia bonnetii, 387. %

Bythoscopus tergatus, 398.
Cossus robinie, 426.
Idiocerus alternatus, 399.
_ pallidus, 399.
Lachnus salicellis, 407.
Witch-hazel Brysocrypta, 409.
Wolfii, Otiocerus, 386.
Phymaita, 463.
Woodason bellows-sprayer or atomizer, 415.
Woodbine Telamona, 391.
Woodworth [C. W.] cited, 410.
Woolens: insects injurious to
Anthrenus scrophularie, 304.
Attagenus piceus, 303.
Wright, H. S., attack of pear-tree Psylla in
orchard of, 326.

x

xanthomelena, Galerucella, 297, 422.
Xanthoxylum, Papilio Cresphontes on, 337.
X. O. Dust, 418, 420.
Xyleborus dispar, 419, 466.
pyri [dispar], 419.

introduced from Europe, 419.
Xyleutes [Cossus] robiniz, 450.
Xylocapa Virginica, 461.

=

Yellow Acocephalus, 397.

Yellow-backed Jassus, 402.

Yellow-banded swallow-tail, 336.

Yellows not caused by Haaser icin liminaris,
367.

Yellow-striped Gypona, 397.

Yellow woolly-bear, 440.

Ce as
var “Zeigler, ae D. vated 884.
‘ _ Zeitschrift, fia Entom. cited, 384
Zerene catenaria, 450. ;
_ Zeuzera eesculi, 426. fs
_ Zeuzera pyrina, 426-427, 462: mite pita 426-427, i
iN ___ earliest notice in the United States, S26. statement of Mr. South
a _ elms and maples mainly attacked, 427. taken at electric lights, 4
_ food-plants i in ee: 426. Zygenide, Boe

- .
i ‘

= ete

>

Be Fac

-

e 291, line 9, for (Fourateny read Foerster.
PB: baed 308, line 6 from bottom, for remotepuncta read remotepunctata.
_ Page 317, line 20, for (Foerster). read Foerster.
on He “ape line 29, for lunata read lanata.
Page 333, line 17, for attennz read antenne.
ze 335, line 18, for Sclandria read Selandria.
: 342, line 19, for Emmond read Emmord.
: 2 344, line 17 from bottom, for Peck. read (Peck).
xe 363, line 9, after manure insert kerosene,.
ze 374, line 12, for Coceecia read Cacecia.
ay: ‘e 385, line 9, for CREVICED read ® CREVICED.
_ Page 391, line 6, for BEECH read ** BEECH.
e 396, line 11 from bottom, for attennz read antenne.
410, line 23, for castanz read castanez.
410, line 2 from bottom, for Typhlocylidz read Typhlocybide.
> 411, line 6, read, 84. The root-form of 83.
ge 411, line 14, for alicis read salicis.
Page 412, line 3, after Rhopalosiphum insert berberidis.
3 -ag 2 413, line 2, dele the line, [as P. pyri= Schizoneura lanigera].
Page 413, line 6, for (Bouche) read (Bouché).
By %) ‘Page 415, line 25, for four to read to four.
e 442, line 10, for where read wherein.
ae Page 445, line 3 from bottom, for Buculatrix read Bucculatriz.
i, Page 450, line 9 from bottom, for Meeke’s read Meske’s,
ai _ Page 454, line 25, for Melitea read Melitea.
_ Page 456, line 11, for oblinata read oblinita.
_ Page 456, last line, for Schlageri read Schlegeri.
7 a Peace 457, lines 4-5 from bottom, for girding read girdling.
_ Page 462, last line, for versiscolor read versicolor.
_ Page 463, line 4, for C. H. Moore read C. R. Moore.
Page 464, line 10 from bottom, precede with eae tote ara ETC,
Re _ Page 472, line 14, for plate 6 read plate 1.

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