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PUBLIC DOCUMENT .... .... No. 51.

^CHU£^>N

ANNUAL REPORT

Board of Cattle Commissioners

Commonwealth or Massachusetts.

January 9, 1900.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS

18 Post Office Square.

1900.

8^

EEPOET.

To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives.

The Board of Cattle Commissioners herewith presents its
annual report, as required by section 3, chapter 408, Acts
of 1899, of the work it has performed during the past year.

The Legislature of 1899 recodified the laws relating to the
contagious diseases of animals, this recodification being chap-
ter 408, Acts of 1899, which went into effect May 25 last.

During the past year the commission has acted under two
sets of laws : until May 25 it carried out the provisions of
chapter 491, Acts of 1894, as amended by chapters 476 and
496, Acts of 1895, and further amended by chapters 454 and
486, Acts of 1896 ; since then it has had the enforcement of
the new law to deal with.

It seemed best to the last Legislature to codify and con-
solidate the laws under which the Cattle Commission worked ;
for, although the last codification of these laws was as recent
as 1894, yet there had been numerous amendments to them
every year since, making them bulky, beside which they re-
quired a good deal of work from the commission which had
more to do with local health matters than with the suppres-
sion of contagious diseases among domestic animals through-
out the State. It was also the opinion of the last Legislature
that a Board of three commissioners would be a more con-
venient size than one of five, as it had been since 1894, and
that a smaller Board could administer the law more expedi-
tiously and economically. The new law also brings the in-
spectors of animals in the various cities and towns into more
direct business relations with the Board than formerly, thus
stripping it of much of the red tape that had hampered it,
and bringing the inspectors of animals more under the imme-
diate control of the commission, rendering it easier to make

4 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

them act in unison with the Board and doing away with
much of the delay that sometimes occurred in the manage-
ment of cases of contagious diseases among the live stock of
the State. The modifications made in the law it was hoped
would also result in making it possible to carry forward the
work of extirpating the communicable animal diseases at a
much less expense to the State than heretofore, at the same
time providing for ample protection to the public health.

The clause in the law under which the change was made is
section 1 of chapter 408, Acts of 1899 : —

The governor, with the advice and consent of the council, shall
appoint a board of cattle commissioners of not more than three
members, whose terms of office shall begin on the first day of
June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and who shall
hold office as follows : one of said members for the term of three
years, one for the term of two years, and one for the term of one
year, and thereafter one of said members shall be appointed an-
nually for the term of three years.

His Excellency Roger Wolcott under this provision of the
law appointed Austin Peters of Boston for three years,
Leander F. Herrick of Worcester for two years and Charles
A. Dennen of Pepperell for one year. The appointees quali-
fied June 8, and a meeting was immediately held, whereupon
the Board organized by electing Austin Peters chairman and
Leander F. Herrick secretary.

The aim of the law is, as it has been in the past, to check
and diminish the ravages of diseases among domestic ani-
mals that cause annually large pecuniary losses to their
owners, and at the same time to protect the people from
those that are in any way a danger to the health and lives
of human beino;s. The diseases of animals that are enumer-
ated under the law as contagious are given in section 35, as
follows : —

Contagious diseases under the provisions of this act shall in-
clude glanders, farcy, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, tuberculosis,
Texas fever, foot-and-mouth disease, rinder-pest, hog cholera,
rabies, anthrax or anthracoid diseases, sheep scab and actinomy-
cosis.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 5

If any disease, however, not given in the act should ap-
pear among the animals of the State, and seem to be of a
communicable character, the Board would feel it its duty to
act in such an emergency if the public good required it.

For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act
the Legislature appropriated the sum of $75,000 ; but it has
been found possible to administer the law at an expense of
about half this amount. This being the case, the commis-
sion has asked that a less sum, $50,000, be placed at its dis-
posal another year as sufficient to meet any expenses that
may be caused by the provisions of the act.

It is to be hoped that the law is now placed upon a satis-
factory basis, and that, if the work of controlling contagious
animal diseases is to be permanent (as it should be, and has
been in Massachusetts for forty years), the Cattle Commis-
sion will have a sufficient annual appropriation to meet the
expenses required by the law made early in the legislative
session, instead of having to wait four or five months every
year before any funds are available to even pay the clerks
who are necessary for attending to the business of the office.
While the expenses of the law are largely due to the cost
of that portion of the work entailed upon it by the effort to
suppress bovine tuberculosis, this Board must not be looked
upon as nothing more than a tuberculosis commission ; for,
while the expense is largely caused by tuberculosis, the
State paying full appraised value for tuberculous cattle up
to a limit not exceeding $40, and tuberculosis among cattle
being the most prevalent of the contagious animal diseases
which we at present have to deal with, yet, because the
cost of dealing with glanders and rabies is less, these dis-
eases should not be looked upon as less important or less
dangerous.

Every city and town was formerly required to appoint
one or more inspectors of "animals and provisions," who,
besides examining animals for contagious diseases, had to
inspect markets, and animals at the time of slaughter either
at slaughter houses or on the owners' premises, the Board
of Cattle Commissioners receivine; the returns of slaughtered
animals from the inspectors on blanks furnished from its
office. It also had to furnish blanks for applications for and

6 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

licenses of slaughter houses all over the State, and received
a duplicate of each license given in every city and town.
This made a great deal of extra work for the commission,
and was really a local health matter, and had little to do
with suppressing contagious diseases among animals. Sec-
tion 20 of the new law provides that this work shall in the
future be in the hands of the local boards of health.

Under the act of 1899 the Board of Cattle Commissioners
knows only an inspector of animals appointed as provided
for in section 17 : —

The mayor and aldermen of cities, except as provided in chap-
ter two hundred and fifty of the acts of the year eighteen hundred
and ninety-six, and the selectmen of towns shall, within thirty
days after the passage of this act, and thereafter annually in the
month of March, appoint one or more persons to be inspectors of
animals, subject to the approval of the board of cattle commis-
sioners. Each inspector shall be sworn faithfully to discharge the
duties of his office, and shall receive a reasonable compensation, to
be paid by the city or town for which he is appointed. Such city
and town officers shall have the power to remove any inspector
appoiuted by them, and in such case shall immediately appoint
another in his place. Every city and town shall, within thirty
days after the passage of this act, and thereafter before the first
day of April in each year, send to the board of cattle commis-
sioners a list of the qualified inspectors of animals appointed
under this section for such city or town, which notice shall give
the name and address of each such inspector and his occupation.

June 12 the Board sent the following letter to the mayors
of cities and selectmen of towns : —

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Board of Cattle Commissioners,

Boston, June 12, 1899.

Dear Sirs : — Herewith find a copy of chapter 408 of the Acts
of 1899. This act recodifies the laws relating to the contagious
diseases of animals.

You will see by section 17 that there shall be appointed, within
thirty days after the passage of this act, and thereafter annually
in the month of March, an inspector or inspectors of animals. Will
you, therefore, immediately appoint an inspector of animals, or
more than one, if you think it necessary. In most cities and
towns it seems to us one inspector of animals is sufficient.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51,

You will further note that such appointments are subject to the
approval of the Board of Cattle Commissioners. This Board pre-
fers that a competent veterinary surgeon be appointed to this
position, when one resides in the locality and his services can be
procured. Any unfit appointees will be rejected by this Board.
You will please notify the Board of Cattle Commissioners at once
upon making the appointment.

Section 20 provides that the licensing of slaughter houses and
the inspection of animals killed for food, as provided for in chap-
ter 491, Acts of 1894, and acts in amendment thereto, shall here-
after be attended to by local boards of health.

Austin Peters, Chairman,
Leander F. Herrick, Secretary,
Charles A. Dennen,

Board of Cattle Commissioners.

This resulted in the appointment of the following in-
spectors : —

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Abington,

John N. Chamberlain,

Retired.

Acton, .

Moses A. Reed, .

Farmer.

Acushnet,

Philip A. Bradford, .

Farmer.

Adams,

Andrew G. Potter, .

Veterinarian.

Agawam,

Edwin Leonard,

Farmer.

Alford, .

Samuel K. Williams,

Farmer.

Amesbury,

.

Edward S. Worthen,

-

Amherst,

Henry E. Paige,

Veterinarian.

Andover,

Charles H. Newton, .

Farmer.

Arlington,

Lawrence L. Pierce, .

Veterinarian.

Arlington,

Alonzo S. Harriman,

Chief of police.

Ashburnham

Charles W. Whitney,

Farmer.

Ashby, .

.

Charles B. Shaw,

Veterinarian.

Ashfield,

Walter G. Lesure,

Farmer.

Ashland,

Samuel D. Witt,

Farmer.

Athol, .

.

Oscar F. Stearns,

Veterinarian.

Attleborough,

George Mackie,

Physician.

Attleborough,

•

Charles S. Holden, .

Physician.

Auburn,

.

Emory Stone, .

Farmer.

Avon, .

•

Charles E. May,

Physician.

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Ayer, ....

James J. O'Brien,

Insurance agent.

Barnstable, .

J. J. Maloney, .

Veterinarian.

Barre, .

Henry L. Conant,

Auctioneer.

Becket, .

Wm. H. Snow, .

-

Bedford,

Henry Wood,

Cattle dealer

Belchertown,

Guy C.Allen, .

Farmer.

Bellingham, .

Carroll E. White,

Farmer.

Belmont,

Benj. A. Harris,

Veterinarian.

Berkley,

Eliphalet Terry,

Farmer.

Berlin, .

Robert B. Wheeler,

Farmer.

Bernardston,

Charles Bowker,

Physician.

Beverly,

Horace D. Lambert,

Veterinarian.

Billerica,

Wm. H. Hutchins,

Farmer.

Blackstone, .

Daniel H. Cooney,

Farmer.

Blackstone, .

Elias M. Billings,

Farmer.

Blandford, .

H. K. Herrick, .

Farmer.

Blandford, .

George Cadwell,

Farmer.

Blandford, .

Frank J. Candee,

Farmer.

Bolton, .

Henry F. Haynes,

Farmer.

Boston, .

Alexander Burr,

Veterinarian.

Bourne,

Noble P. Swift, .

Farmer.

Boxborough,

Philip W. Cunningham, .

Farmer.

Boxford,

Charles A. Andrews,

Farmer.

Boylston,

Luther S. Hapgood, .

Farmer.

Braintree, .

Edward W. Hobart,

Farmer.

Brewster,

Henry E. Baker,

Trader.

Bridgewater,

Calvin Pratt, .

Physician.

Brimfield, .

Porter A. Parker,

Farmer.

Brockton,

Waldo H. Brownell,

Veterinarian.

Brockton,

Isaac H. Harris,

Laborer.

Brookfield, .

George Allen, .

Farmer.

Brookline, .

Frederick H. Osgood

Veterinarian.

Buckland,

Jacob G. Pfersick,

Veterinarian.

Burlington, .

James N. Stuart,

Veterinarian.

Cambridge, .

Charles E. Hadcock,

Veterinarian.

Canton,

Patrick J. Cronon,

Veterinarian.

Carlisle,

George P. Davis,

Farmer.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Carver,

Benj. W. Robbins,

Farmer.

Charlemont,

Wm. B. Avery, .

Farmer.

Charlton,

Stephen Hammond, .

Butcher.

Chatham,

Walden F. Harding, .

Butcher.

Chelmsford,

Walter R. Winning, .

Farmer.

Chelsea,

William Stinson,

Veterinarian.

Cheshire,

Wm. P. Bennett,

Retired.

Chester,

Daniel B. Holcomb, .

Retired.

Chesterfield,

Thomas K. Utley, .

Farmer.

Chicopee,

Irving H. Elmer,

Butcher.

Chieopee,

Thomas Goodwin,

Veterinarian.

Chilmark,

Freeman Hancock, .

Farmer.

Clarksburg,

Dexter S. Bishop,

Farmer.

Clinton,

Eugene H. Lehnert, .

Veterinarian.

Cohasset,

Darius W. Gilbert, .

Veterinarian.

Colrain,

C. Webster Smith, .

Farmer.

Colrain,

John D. Gilchrist,

Farmer.

Concord,

Elijah D. Harris,

Veterinarian.

Conway,

Gordon H. Johnson, .

Farmer.

Cottage City,

Edmund G. Beetle, .

Retired.

Cummington,

Edward F. Warner, .

Farmer.

Cummington,

Myron D. Trow,

Farmer.

Dalton, .

Wm. Miller,

Farmer.

Dana, .

C. N". Doane, .

Farmer.

Dana, .

Alfred W. Doane,

Farmer.

Danvers,

Charles S. Moore,

Veterinarian

Dartmouth,

Charles W. Howland,

Farmer.

Dartmouth,

Charles H. Negus, .

Butcher.

Dartmouth,

James E. Allen,

Farmer.

Dedham,

Edward Knobel,

Veterinarian.

Deerfield,

Dwight A. Hawks, .

Farmer.

Dennis,

John P. Howes,

Farmer.

Dennis,

Charles E. Baker,

Painter.

Dighton,

Wm. H. Walker,

Farmer.

Douglas,

Walter E. Cook,

Farmer.

Dover, .

Edward A. James, .

Farmer.

Dracut,

Clement A. Hamblet,

Veterinarian.

10

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

Occupation.

Dudley,

Dunstable, .

Duxbury,

East Bridgewater,

East Longmeadow

Eastham,

Eastharnpton,

Eastern,

Edgartown,

Egremont,

Enfield,

Erving,

Essex, .

Everett,

Fairhaven,

Eall River,

Falmouth,

Falmouth,

Falmouth,

Fitchburg,

Florida,

Foxborough,

Foxborough,

Framingham,

Franklin,

Freetown,

Freetown,

Gardner,

Gay Head,

Georgetown,

Georgetown,

Gill, .

Gloucester,

Goshen,

Gosnold,

Grafton,

Granby,

Monroe W. Ide,
Franklin N. Tolles,
John K. Parker,
Isaac T. Hatch, .
Edwin Indicott, .
Reuben H. Horton,
Fordyce Whitmarsh,
Edward R. Hayward,
Christopher R. Beetle
Wm. F. Crippen,
Joseph P. Walker,
W. P. G. Huntoon,
David L. Haskell,
William Stinson,
Ebenezer G. Grinnell
Joseph E. E. Lanoie,
Barzillai C. Cahoon, .
Herbert H. Lawrence
Lewis F. Weeks,
Charles A. Keene,
Nathan W. Kemp,
Abijah W. Draper,
Norton R. Dennis,
Walter P. Mayo,
Wm. F. King, .
Charles H. Read,
Charles E. Chace,
Augustus S. Cleaves,
Samuel J. Haskins,
Samuel T. Poor,
J. Winfred Yeaton,
John L. S. Moore,
Fred Corliss,
Willis A. Smith,
George F. Bosworth,
Perley Goddard,
F. A. Forward, .

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Retired.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Physician.

Horse dealer.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Butcher.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Gunsmith.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Stone mason.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

11

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Granville,

George W. Cone,

Farmer.

Granville, .

Charles D. Treat,

Farmer.

Great Barrington,

Edwin S. Hurlburt, .

Veterinarian.

Great Barrington,

George H. Cobb, Jr.,

Liveryman.

Greenfield, .

Mark L. Miner, .

Veterinarian.

Greenwich,

Edward M. Hunter, .

Farmer.

Groton,

Solon R. Dodge,

Butcher.

Groveland,

Thomas E. Snell,

Farmer.

Hadley,

Charles H. Hunt, . .

Farmer.

Hadley,

Homer L. Cowles,

Farmer.

Halifax,

Jabez P. Thompson, .

Farmer.

Hamilton,

George R. Dodge,

Farmer.

Hampden,

Moses H. Warren,

Farmer.

Hancock,

James S Goold,

Farmer.

Hanover,

Andrew T. Damon, .

Grocer.

Hanson,

Elbridge M. Perkins,

Farmer.

Hardwick,

John N. Hillman,

Farmer.

Harvard,

Eli W. Hosmer,

Farmer.

Harwich,

John A. Baker, .

Produce dealer.

Hatfield,

E. S. Warner, .

Farmer.

Haverhill,

Grantley Bickell,

Veterinarian.

Hawley,

Lewis W. Temple, .

Farmer.

Heath, .

V. D. Thompson,

Farmer.

Hingham,

R. Foster Robinson, .

Farmer.

Hinsdale,

Frank C. Phillips, .

Farmer.

Holbrook,

Charles W. Staples, .

Farmer.

Hold en,

E. W. Merrick, . ' .

Deputy sheriff.

Holland,

A. J. Bagley, .

Carpenter.

Holliston,

Isaac A. Smith, .

Veterinarian.

Holyoke,

John J. Moynahan, .

Veterinarian.

Hopedale,

Lewis B. Gaskill,

Farmer.

Hopkinton,

Winslow W. Claflin, .

Farmer.

Hubbardston

,

John H. Burtch,

Farmer.

Hudson,

A. L. Cundall, .

Veterinarian.

Hull, .

Fred C. Harris, .

Milkman.

Huntington,

Allen M. Coit, .

Farmer.

Huntington,

Frank E. Cone, .

Farmer.

12

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Hyde Park, .

Joseph M. Kiggen, .

Veterinarian.

Ipswich,

E. Newton Brown, .

Farmer.

Kingston,

E. Elbridge Atwood,

Farmer.

Lakeville,

Isaac Sampson, .

Farmer.

Lancaster, .

Albert E. Harriman, .

Veterinarian.

Lancaster, .

Albert E. Carr, .

Farmer.

Lanesborough,

Wm. P. Talcott,

Painter.

Lawrence, .

John F. Winchester, .

Veterinarian.

Lee, ....

John H. McAllister, .

Veterinarian.

Leicester,

Henry B. Watts,

Florist.

Leicester,

Daniel A. Craig,

Farmer.

Lenox, ....

Charles C. Flint,

Physician.

Leominster, .

Wm. H. Dodge, .

Veterinarian.

Leverett,

Orman C. Marvell, .

Farmer.

Lexington, .

Charles M. Parker, .

Farmer.

Leyden,

Wm. A. Barber,

Farmer.

Lincoln,

Martin M. Welch,

Farmer.

Littleton,

Joseph 1ST. Murray, .

Veterinarian.

Longmeadow,

Spencer W. Gates, .

Farmer.

Lowell,

Walter A. Sherman, .

Veterinarian.

Ludlow,

Adelbert L. Bennett, .

Farmer.

Lunenburg, .

Charles E. Woods, .

Physician.

Lynn, ....

Alexander S. Wright,

Accountant.

Lynnfield, .

Wm. R. Roundy,

Farmer.

Maiden,

Wm. Simpson, .

Veterinarian.

Manchester, .

Charles S. Moore,

Veterinarian.

Mansfield, .

Joseph N. Tebbetts, .

Farmer.

Marblehead,

Benj. F. Goodwin,

Building mover

Marion,

George F. Richards, .

Contractor.

Marlborough,

Patrick J. Mahoney, .

Veterinarian.

Marshfield, .

Franklin W. Hatch, .

Stable keeper.

Mashpee,

Nathaniel D. Bearse,

Laborer.

Mattapoisett,

Fred L. Dexter,

Stable keeper.

Maynarcl,

Willis A. White,

Cattle dealer.

Medfield, .

Herbert W. Hutson, .

Farmer.

Medford,

Henry F. Moore,

Milk inspector.

Medway,

Edward Whiting,

Farmer.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

13

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Melrose,

Frank P. Sturges,

Veterinarian.

Mendon,

Albert W. Gaskill, .

Farmer.

Merrimac, .

Charles A. Wallace, .

Farmer.

Methuen,

Edwin J. Castle,

Veterinarian.

Middleborough,

Chester P. Keith,

Veterinarian.

Middlefield, .

J. T. Bryan,

Farmer.

Middleton, .

Andrew W. Peabody,

Farmer.

Milford,

Edward E. Cook,

Livery stable.

Millbury,

Henry W. Carter,

Farmer.

Millis, .

Moses C. Adams,

Farmer.

Milton, .

James Spencer, .

Veterinarian.

Monroe,

David H. Sherman, .

Farmer.

Monson,

Wm. H. Bugbee,

Farmer.

Montague, .

George H. Goddard, .

Farmer.

Montague, .

S. H. Amidon, .

Builder.

Monterey",

Delmer C. Tryon,

Farmer.

Montgomery,

W. B. Cushman,

Farmer.

Mount Washingto

n,

Alfred I. Spurr, .

Veterinarian.

Nahant,

Robert L. Cochran, .

Health officer.

Nantucket, .

Herbert G. Worth, .

Stable keeper.

Natick, .

John W. Robinson, .

Veterinarian.

Needham,

Samuel 0. Fowle,

Veterinarian.

New Ashford,

Van Ness Mallery, .

Farmer.

New Bedford,

Daniel C. Ashley,

Veterinarian.

New Braintree,

Charles A. Felton,

Farmer.

New Marlboroug]

i)

Ralph I. Rhoades,

Farmer.

New Salem, .

Frederick Abbott,

Farmer.

Newbury,

Asa Pingree,

Farmer.

Newburyport,

George W. Knight, .

Health officer.

Newton,

James R. McLaughlin,

Veterinarian

Norfolk,

Andrew R. Jones,

Farmer.

North Adams,

Angus A. McDonell, .

Veterinarian.

North Andover,

George S. Fuller,

Veterinarian.

North Attleborough, .

W. Henry Kling,

Printer.

North Brookfield,

Alfred 0. Boyd, .

Veterinarian.

North Brookfield,

Benj. F. Barnes,

Veterinarian.

North Reading, .

F. H. Mosman, .

Expressman.

14

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Northampton,

John H. Roberts,

Veterinarian.

Northborough,

Allyn D. Phelps,

Farmer.

Northbridge,

George F. Nilsson, .

Farmer.

Northbridge,

W. A. Beane,

Farmer.

Northfield, .

A. L. Newton, .

Physician.

Norton,

Erastus B. Codding, .

Farmer.

Norwell,

J. Warren Foster,

Peddler.

Norwood,

Albert Fales,

Farmer.

Oakham,

Sanford H. Bullard, .

Farmer.

Orange,

Amos Blodgett, .

Farmer.

Orleans,

Edmund Linnell,

Farmer.

Otis, .

Edwin L. Downs,

Farmer.

Oxford,

Fred L. Snow, .

Farmer.

Palmer,

Charles F. Smith, .

Farmer.

Palmer,

E. W. Phinney, .

Farmer.

Paxton,

Cleveland N. Glidden,

Farmer.

Peabody,

Charles Davis, .

Veterinarian.

Peabody,

Cyrus T. Batchelder,

Assessor.

Peabody,

John E. Herrick,

Farmer.

Pelham,

John A. Page, .

Farmer.

Pembroke,

Clifford I. Rogers,

Farmer.

Pepperell,

Samuel P. Bancroft, .

Farmer.

Peru, .

F. G. Creamer, .

Merchant.

Petersham,

S. C. Goddard, .

Farmer.

Phillipston,

Robt. E. McLane,

Farmer.

Pittsfield,

George N. Kinnell, .

Veterinarian.

Plainfield,

E. A. Atkins,

Farmer.

Plainfield,

D. H. Gould, .

Farmer.

Plymouth,

Clark Finney, Jr.,

Milkman.

Plympton,

Howard 0. Bonney, .

Farmer.

Prescott,

Henry N. Grover,

Cream gatherer.

Princeton,

George Mason, Jr., .

Farmer.

Provineetowi

i,

Arternus P. Hannum,

Town official.

Quincy,

Francis Abele, Jr., .

Veterinarian.

Randolph,

Lincoln Stetson,

Cattle dealer.

Raynham,

Cyrus Leonard, 2d, .

Cattle dealer.

Reading,

Calvert H. Play don, .

Veterinarian.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

15

TOWN".

Occupation.

Rehoboth,

Revere,

Richmond,

Rochester,

Rockland,

Rockport,

Rowe, .

Rowley,

Rowley,

Royalston,

Royalston,

Royalston,

Russell,

Rutland,

Salem, .

Salisbury,

Sandisfield,

Sandwich,

Saugus,

Savoy, .

Savoy, .

Scituate,

Seekonk,

Sharon,

Sheffield,

Sheffield,

Shelburne,

Sherborn,

Shirley,

Shrewsbury,

Shutesbury,

Somerset,

Somerville,

South Hadley,

Southampton,

Southborough,

Southbridge,

Joseph F. Earle,
William Stinson,
C. H. Dorr,
Allen G. Ashley,
Charles Winslow,
Robert Tarr,
E. M. Upton, .
Daniel H. Hale, .
J. Scott Todd, .
George E. Pierce,
John Davis,
Joseph Stewart,
Sidney S. Shurtleff,
George S. Putnam,
Fred J. Saunders,
John Q. Evans, .
Henry S. Manley,
Joshua E. Holway,
Arthur W. Sawyer,
H. C. Phelps, .
M. A. Bliss,
Caleb L. Damon,
Robt. Woodward,
C. Elbert Howard,
Henry C. Clark,
Edwin L. Boardman,
Jacob G. Pfersick,
Jasper J. Smart,
Samuel B. Scott,
John F. Knight,
Fred H. Plympton,
Thomas A. Francis,
Charles M. Berry,
Horace W. Gaylord,
Henry E. Coleman,
Israel G. Howe,
J. A. Genereaux,

Town auditor.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Veterinarian-
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Veterinarian.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Town clerk.
Farmer.
Veterinarian-
Veterinarian.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Marketman.
Provision deale*
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Physician.

16

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Southwick, .

Charles W. Talmadge,

Farmer.

Spencer,

W. J. Meloche, .

Veterinarian.

Springfield, .

James Kimball,

Health officer.

Sterling,

William S. Walker,

Farmer.

Stockbridge,

Marshall S. Heath,

Farmer.

Stockbridge,

John M. Buck, .

Farmer.

Stoneham, .

George H. Allen,

Veterinarian.

Stoughton, .

James Murphy, .

Veterinarian.

Stow, .

Pearl W. Packard,

Farmer.

Sturbridge, .

William Whittemore

Farmer.

Sudbury,

George A. Haynes,

Farmer.

Sunderland, .

George P. Smith,

Farmer.

Sutton, .

H. Scott Stockwell,

Farmer.

Swainpscott,

George ISTewhall,

Gardener.

Swanzey,

Charles Gifford,

Farmer.

Taunton,

Walter H. Haskell,

Veterinarian.

Templeton, .

S. E. Greenwood,

Physician.

Templeton, .

W. F. Robie, .

Physician.

Tewksbury, .

George W. Trull,

Farmer.

Tisbury,

Henry C. Norton,

Farmer.

Tolland,

John R. Rogers,

Farmer.

Tolland,

Luke R. Moore,

Farmer.

Topsfield, .

Eugene L. Wildes,

Farmer.

Townsend, .

John N. Going, .

Farmer.

Truro, .

John G. Thompson,

Trader.

Tyngsborough,

R. B. Sherburne,

Farmer.

Tyringham, .

Isaac B. Tinker,

Farmer.

Upton, .

George D. Whitney,

Farmer.

Uxbridge,

Charles E. Seagrave,

Farmer.

Wakefield, .

Henry C. Perry,

Veterinarian.

Wales, .

Warren W. Eager,

Wool dealer.

Walpole,

Almond F. Boyden,

Farmer.

Waltham, .

Wm. E. Peterson,

Veterinarian.

Ware, .

A. A. Etienne, .

Veterinarian.

Wareham, .

Prince H. Swift,

Farmer.

Warren,

William E. Patrick,

Farmer.

Warwick,

Gilbert Maynard,

Farmer.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

17

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Washington,

William A. Eames, .

Farmer.

Watertown, .

George W. Pope,

Veterinarian.

Wayland,

Thomas Bryant,

Veterinarian.

Webster,

Leon H. Paquin,

Veterinarian.

Wellesley, .

Samuel 0. Fowle,

Veterinarian.

Wellfleet, .

George W. Nickerson,

Horse dealer.

Wendell,

George A. Lewis,

Farmer.

Wenham,

Henry Alley,

Apiarist.

West Boylston, .

H. J. Harlow, .

-

West Bridgewater,

David R. Simmons, .

Retired.

West Brookfield, .

Charles E. Smith,

Farmer.

West Newbury, .

Alfred L. Moore,

Farmer.

West Springfield,

Thomas J. Shinkwin,

Veterinarian.

West Stockbridge,

Ralph R. Bissell,

Farmer.

West Tisbury,

William B. Luce,

Fisherman.

Westborough,

Albert B. Ward,

Farmer.

Westfield, .

Michael F. Hoar,

Veterinarian.

Westford,

George T. Day, .

Farmer.

Westford,

Albert P. Richardson,

Farmer.

Westhampton,

A. D. Montague,

Farmer.

Westminster,

M. D. Whitney, .

Farmer.

Weston,

Everett 0. Clark,

Cattle dealer.

Weston,

Gilbert A. Blood,

Cattle dealer.

Westport,

George A. Tripp,

Farmer.

Westport,

Eli Handy,

Farmer.

Weymouth,

Hiram E. Raymond, .

Janitor.

Whately,

Irving Allis,

Farmer.

Whitman,

Owen F. Bumpus,

Veterinarian.

Wilbraham,

Jesse L. Rice, .

-

Williamsburg,

Hallock H. Nichols, .

Farmer.

Williamstown,

Lemuel C. Torrey, .

Farmer.

Wilmington,

H. Allen Sheldon, .

Farmer.

Winch endon,

William A. DeLand, .

Auctioneer.

Winchester,

John W. Hemingway,

Milkman.

Windsor,

H. W. Ford,

Farmer.

Windsor,

G. L. Miner,

Farmer.

Winthrop, .

John McNaught,

Veterinarian.

18

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

TOWN.

Name.

Occupation.

Woburn,
Worcester, .
Worthington,
Wrentham, .
Westwood, .
Yarmouth, .
Yarmouth, .
Yarmouth, .

James N. Stuart,
Thomas Monahan,
Charles F. Bates,
Elisha M. Brastow,
Creighton Colburn,
James Lack,
Isaiah Homer, .
Isaiah Crowell, .

Veterinarian.

Butcher.

Farmer.

Veterinarian.

Veterinarian.

Farmer.

Farmer.

Farmer.

It will be seen from the above list that many of the in-
spectors are veterinarians, especially in the cities and larger
towns. This is very desirable where the services of such,
men can be obtained, as they have a technical training in the
diseases of animals that especially fits them for the positions r
provided they are citizens of good standing in the com-
munity and take an interest in the duties devolving upon
them ; at the same time, an honest, painstaking inspector
who is not a veterinarian is to be preferred to a veterinarian
who is careless and slovenly in doing his work, and who
lacks interest and integrity of purpose. In many of the
smaller communities it is not possible to secure the services
of a veterinary surgeon as inspector ; in such instances any.
conscientious cattle man makes a good inspector. Physi-
cians, when interested in sanitary work, also make good
inspectors. In a few places there is a tendency to allow
politics to play a part in the appointment of inspectors, but
in the great majority of the towns and cities of the Com-
monwealth there seems to be an intention to endeavor to
secure the services of the best available men for these posi-
tions.

The section of the present law requiring cities and towns
to appoint inspectors of animals provides that they shall be
appointed subject to the approval of the Board of Cattle
Commissioners. This gives the Board the power to refuse
to confirm unfit appointments, and thus removes them to a
certain extent from the influence of local politics, and ren-

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 19

ders it possible to elevate and improve the service. The
Board under the law is also empowered to remove an in-
spector, if necessary, and order the appointment of another.

Tuberculosis is the disease for which the greater number
of animals have been killed, and it is also the one which
causes the most expense in carrying out the provisions of
the law, therefore it will be referred to first in this report ;
but glanders and rabies must not be considered as being of
very much less importance, when the dangers to human life
and the losses the former causes to the horse owners of the
State are taken into consideration.

Other diseases of an infectious character with which this
Board has to deal are Texas fever, hog cholera or swine
plague, actinomycosis and symptomatic anthrax.

The pathological and bacteriological work of the Board has
been performed, as in the past two years, at the Harvard
Medical School, by Dr. Langdon Frothingham, except that
during a few months last summer while he was in Europe it
was done at the laboratories at Bussey College, Forest Hills,
by Dr. Arthur W. May, through the kind permission of Dr.
Theobald Smith. For the laboratory facilities during the
summer, and the kindly and valuable advice Dr. Smith has
ever been ready to give the Massachusetts Cattle Commis-
sion, the renewed thanks of this Board are here given.

The Board was represented by its chairman at the annual
meeting of the Interstate Association of Live Stock Sanitary
Boards, held at Chicago, October 11 and 12, and was the
only New England cattle commission represented. At this
meeting the interests of the delegates from the south and
south-west seemed to be centred in Texas fever ; but those
from points north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi
rivers appeared interested in diseases similar to those that
we are likely to meet with in Massachusetts, as the condi-
tions of agriculture in these states more nearly approach
those of our own. The conference of the different cattle
interests represented, together with the papers read and the
discussions resulting from them, could not be otherwise than
of mutual benefit to all present.

20 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Financial Statement.
At the end of the year 1898, the appropriation made by
the Legislature of that year being insufficient for the work
of the commission, there remained unpaid bills to the amount
of $4,900.42, as follows: —

For salaries of commissioners, $3,060 00

For expenses of commissioners, 1,132 18

For salaries and expenses of agents in the suppression of

glanders, 87 42

For expenses of laboratory and experimental work in the

suppression of glanders and rabies, 145 75

For expenses of killing and burial of glandered horses, . 28 00
For expenses of maintaining quarantine stations at Brighton,

Watertown and Somerville, 447 07

Total, $4,900 42

The payment of these accounts was provided for by the un-
expended balance of the appropriation for 1898, . . $385 63

And a deficiency appropriation made by chapter 95, Acts of

1899, approved Feb. 23, 1899, for the balance, . . . 4,514 79

Total, $4,900 42

The Legislature of 1899 made an appropriation of $75,000
for carrying on the work of the Cattle Commission, under
the provisions of chapter 408, Acts of 1899.

The expenses of the work of " the extirpation, prevention
and suppression of contagious diseases among domestic ani-
mals "for the year 1899, including all bills rendered and
claims adjusted to December 15, are as follows : —

Paid for cattle condemned, killed and found tuberculous, 785

head, at an average of $22 each, .
Paid for cattle condemned, killed and no lesions found, 17

head, at an average of $23.24 each, .
Paid for expenses of quarantine on 4 head, .
Paid for expense of killing and burial, .

Paid for salaries of commissioners,
Paid for expenses of commissioners,
Paid for salaries of agents,

.

$17,277 69

found, 17

395 12

9 00

9 00

$17,690 81

$2,890 00

1,151 29

1,852 39

$940 20

2,108 50

990 36

585 47

1,640 13

51 05

148 08

$12,357 47

$30,048 28

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 21

Paid for expenses of agents, . . . .
Paid for salaries of clerks and stenographers,
Paid for postage, stationery, printing and other

office expenses, .......

Paid expenses of laboratory and experimental

work,

Paid expenses of quarantine stations, . ...
Paid expenses of glanders, killing and burial,
Paid for tuberculin and implements,

Total payments,

There has been received during the year from sales of
hides and carcasses of condemned cattle, and paid to the
State Treasurer, $771.57.

It is estimated that claims on cattle that have not been
settled and bills coming due January 1 amount to in the
neighborhood of $12,000, making the total expenses of the
year somewhat over one-half of the sum appropriated.

Tuberculosis.
It will be seen from the above financial statement that the
principal expenses incurred by the Board are in connection
with the control of bovine tuberculosis. This work may be
classified under the following heads : —

1. The supervision of the traffic in live cattle brought
into the State.

2. A general inspection, the examination of cattle quar-
antined as diseased by the local inspectors in the various
cities and towns, and the payment for those found to be
infected with tuberculosis.

3. Testing entire herds for the purpose of permanently
eradicating tuberculosis from the premises.

Under the first head are the cattle brought into the State
through the quarantine yards at Watertown, Brighton
and Somerville, and those brought in on permits to other
points.

The first step necessary for continuing the control of the
cattle business was to readopt the order of the previous
Board ; therefore, at a meeting of the Board of Cattle Com-
missioners, held June 26, the following order was adopted : —

22 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Board of Cattle Commissioners,

Commonwealth Building, 11 Mt. Vernon St.,

Boston, June 26, 1899.

To All Persons whom it may concern.

By virtue of the power and authority in us vested by law, and
especially under the provisions of chapter 408 of the Acts of the
year 1899, you are hereby notified that tuberculosis, which is a
contagious disease, and is so recognized under the laws of this
Commonwealth, exists among cattle of the several States and
Territories of the United States, the District of Columbia and
Canada, and such localities are, in the opinion of this Board, in-
fected districts.

You are hereby further notified that, in order to prevent the im-
portation of diseased animals, and as a means of suppressing such
diseases within this Commonwealth, this Board has passed the fol-
lowing order : —

First. — No neat cattle brought from any State or Territory of the
United States, the District of Columbia, Canada or any other country
without the limits of this Commonwealth, shall be brought within the
limits of this Commonwealth, except for delivery directly to the Union
stock yards in the town of Watertown, the Boston & Albany stock yards
in Brighton, within the city of Boston, or the premises of the New Eng-
land Dressed Beef and Wool Company in the city of Somerville, except
upon a permit signed by the Board of Cattle Commissioners or some
one of its members ; and no neat cattle so brought for delivery at any
of said points shall be unloaded, except in case of accident, at any point
other than the said Boston & Albany stock yards in Brighton, the Union-
stock yards in Watertown, or the New England Dressed Beef and Wool
Company in Somerville.

Second. — All neat cattle brought within the limits of this Common-
wealth from any place designated in paragraph 1 hereof, except for
delivery as provided in the preceding paragraph, must be accompanied
by a permit issued by this Board or some member thereof; and you are
hereby forbidden to receive for transportation animals other than those
designated in such permit.

Third. — If, for any cause, any such neat cattle are received by any of
your agents within the limits of this Commonwealth at any place other
than the Union stock yards in Watertown, the Boston & Albany stock
yards in Brighton or the New England Dressed Beef and Wool Com-
pany in Somerville, not accompanied by a permit, as provided in para-
graph 2 hereof, you will immediately notify this office, giving the place
where said animals were received for shipment, the name of the con-
signee and destination of said animals. You will not remove said
animals or permit them to be removed from the car or vehicle in which

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 23

they are contained without a permit from this Board or some member
thereof ; except that if, by reason of the crowded condition of the car or
because of the long confinement of said animals within the same, or for
accident or otherwise, it is deemed expedient by you or your agent to
unload the same, such animal or animals may be removed by you from
said car or vehicle without such permit ; but in such case you will
notify this office, and you will not allow said animal or animals to go
out of the possession of your agent or off of your premises where said
animals are unloaded except upon obtaining such permit.

Fourth. — All neat cattle brought within the limits of the premises to
Brighton, Watertown and Somerville, designated in paragraph 1 hereof,
are hereby declared to be quarantined.

Fifth. — Any person violating the provisions of this order will be pun-
ished as provided in section 36 of chapter 408 of the Acts of the year
1899.

This order shall take effect upon the twenty-sixth day of June,
1899. Austin Peters, Chairman,

Leander F. Herrick, Secretary,
Charles A. Dennen,

Board of Cattle Commissioners.

The Board of Cattle Commissioners requires all persons
bringing cattle into this State, except calves under six
months old or beef cattle for immediate slaughter, to have
them tested with tuberculin prior to shipment or after arrival
in this State, unless special permission to the contrary is
given by this Board. All persons shipping or driving cattle
into Massachusetts must have a permit, unless sent by rail to
one of the quarantine stations at Brighton, Watertown or
Some rvi lie.

The examination of cattle coming from without the State
for sale in the markets of Brighton, Watertown and Somer-
ville has been continued throughout the year, and the follow-
ing tables show the numbers of animals received at the
several stations : —

Receipts of Stock at Watertoicn, from Dec. 15, 1898, to Dec.

15, 1899.
Vermont cattle, 6,116

New Hampshire cattle,
Massachusetts cattle, .
New York cattle,
Western cattle, .

6,403

2,454

27

54,283

24

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

Sheep, 330,419

Swine, 792,781

Veal, 46,628

Horses from the west, of which 42 were exported, . 168

Cattle released on certificates, 6,715

Cattle tested, 53

Cattle released after test, 52

Cattle condemned after test, ..... 1

Receipts of Stock at Brighton, from Dec. 15

, 1898, to Dec.

15, 1899.

Maine cattle, . 12,833

New Hampshire cattle,

2,276

Massachusetts cattle, .

12,836

New York cattle,

712

Western cattle, ....

82,301

Sheep,

25,746

Swine,

812,646

Veal,

38,607

Horses from the west, for export,

50

Cattle released on certificates, .

10,658

Cattle tested, ....

328

Cattle released after test, .

317

Cattle condemned after test,

11

Massachusetts cattle in stock barn,

16,724

Receipts of /Stock at Somerville, from Dec. 15, 1898, to Dec.
15, 1899.

Maine cattle,

1,030

New Hampshire cattle,

3,851

Vermont cattle, .

3,331

Massachusetts cattle, .

2,522

New York cattle,

674

Western cattle, .

26,166

Sheep,

331,267

Calves, ....

48,342

Swine,

18,263

Cattle released on certificates,

1,747

Cattle tested, ...

32

Cattle released after test, .

30

Cattle condemned after test,

2

At Somerville, in the year 1898, 799 cattle were released
on certificates; during 1899, 1,747, — showing an increase
of 948 over the previous year.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

25

Total Stock received at the Three Stations.

Cattle, ft. 234,540

Sheep, ....

687,432

Swine, ....

. 1,623,690

Calves, ....

133,617

Released on certificates,

19,120

Tested at stations,

413

Released after test,

399

Condemned after test, .

14

It will be seen by this report that there have not been as
many cattle released on certificates of tuberculin test as last
year. In 1898, 19,386 head were released on certificates, a
large number of which were young store cattle, while this
year there have been but a few of this class. There have
been more milch cows than in any previous year, and the
demand for these animals is constantly on the increase.

During the past year the Boston & Albany Railroad Com-
pany has built a large barn at the Brighton stock yards,
which will accommodate 586 cattle, and are now preparing
to enlarge it to a capacity of 1,000. The barn accommoda-
tions are a great benefit to the stock, as they are all under
cover and tied up by themselves.

It is the desire of the Board that this market may be one
where buyers may feel when purchasing milch cows that
they are reasonably sure of obtaining animals that are
healthy and free from tuberculosis. Last year letters were
sent to many of the veterinarians who were testing cattle
for this market, and from some of the answers received
and information derived from other sources it was felt that
the work of testing cattle might not be properly done ; there-
fore, after the Legislature had made the necessary appropri-
ation, an agent was employed to investigate this work and
to ascertain how it was being conducted. Upon receiving
his report the commission held and tested at various times
317 cattle belonging to different drovers, and found 5 of
them tuberculous.

In regard to the admission of cattle from without the
State, it is the opinion of this Board that the quarantine
stations should be maintained with rules and regulations still

26 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

more stringent ; otherwise this market would be flooded with
tuberculous cattle from other States, for which the purchasers
would soon after look to the Commonwealth for payment.
While the Board does not feel that the work of testing out-
of-the-State cattle is by any means perfect, yet it does feel
that there has been a great improvement over the old methods
of admitting all classes of cattle within the borders of the
State. Many of the buyers affirm that they have had less
trouble with their cattle during the last two or three years
than ever before ; therefore the Board believes it to be good
judgment not to relax this work in the slightest degree.

Besides the cattle that have come into the State through
the quarantine stations, 6,143 have been brought to other
points, being tested with tuberculin prior to shipment or
after arrival in this State. There have been 615 permits
issued since Dec. 15, 1898.

The second portion of the work includes that coming
under the general inspection made by the local inspectors.
An order for an examination of the neat stock in the State
and the premises on which they were kept was sent out in
the following letter to inspectors, October 1 : —

To the Inspectors of Animals.

The Board of Cattle Commissioners hereby directs that you shall
make a general inspection of the neat stock in your town, and in-
cidentally other farm animals, to commence at once, and to be
completed on or before the fifteenth day of November.

The law under which you work is chapter 408 of the Acts of
1899, a copy of which will be sent you, together with the neces-
sary papers for carrying it out. The portion contained in sections
19 to 32 relates especially to your duties, and you should make
yourself familiar with it. You will also be provided with a book
to carry out the provisions of section 23, with books to carry out
the provisions of section 29, and a quarantine book for cases of
tuberculosis or other contagious disease among animals.

Cattle are not to be quarantined as tuberculous unless they
show enough evidence of disease to make it possible to condemn
them on a physical examination, except where the udder of a milch
cow is tuberculous ; on no account are cattle to be quarantined
simply for the purpose of testing them with tuberculin, when they
show no physical signs of disease. The only exception to this
rule is, that it is the duty of inspectors to quarantine all cattle

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 27

brought into the State without a permit from this Board, until the
owner furnishes the Cattle Commission with satisfactory certifi-
cates of a tuberculin test. Before quarantining any cattle, you
should decide upon what cows you are going to quarantine, then
send the papers on a number at once, so our agent can see them
all on one visit.

By order, Austin Peters, Chairman,

L. F. Herrick, Secretary,

C. A. Dennen,
Massachusetts Board of Cattle Commissioners.

The following table shows the result of the work done by
the inspectors in quarantining cattle. These have been ex-
amined by agents of the Board, and those that were found to
be diseased have been killed, while those showing no evidence
of disease were released.

A few animals were quarantined prior to ordering the gen-
eral inspection, between June 1 and October 1, but most of
those dealt with were quarantined after the 1st of October.

The animals which were killed as a result of this inspec-
tion were nearly all badly diseased, and were the ones most
likely to be a source of danger to the public health and to
other cattle. Most of them were condemned on physical
examination.

Included among the number of animals quarantined and
released in each place are those where herds were tested at
the request of the owner, with the exception of one herd in
Newton. These are mentioned again in the table under the
head of voluntary request work.

The commission has instructed its agents this year to lay
special stress upon the importance of disinfection wherever
cows have been taken.

28

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

•8U!nrB.reti5 in paid

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 31

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 33

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I t-H | | I | | | | | I | I I I I I I I

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Lakeville, .
Lancaster,
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Leicester, .
Lenox,
Leominster,
Leverett, .
Lexington,
Leyden, .
Lincoln, .
Littleton, .
Longmeadow,
Lowell,
Ludlow, .

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

35

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| T-l I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I l-H I I I I I I I I SO I

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 51. 37

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CN I I rH I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

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I I I I I rH I I I I r-i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I i-l I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I

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Raynham,
Reading, .
Rehoboth, .
Revere,
Richmond,
Rochester,
Rockland, .
Rockport, .
Rowe,
Rowley, .
Royalston,
Russell, .
Rutland, .
Salisbury, .
Salem,
Sandisfield,
Sandwich, .

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 39

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

I I I I I I O I Gq. I GO- I I: I I l> I I' I tH Qq I I <N I t-4 |: |< I | |

I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I |: I: I I I

I I I I I I J I I I «o I I 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I li I I I

I I I I I I h I i-H I t I I I I I I I I I i-l I I. I I I I ll i-4 I |

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I 1 I I I I I

I |H I I iO I t- i-l I IHriW |'H I.MWO I I l«3 LHfflO IH

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. . r — «• ci 5 a S 43. — ^o3^ti"2o „a> .fl fl S QD ^ 3 o ^

40

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CITY OR TOWN.

Taunton, .

Templeton,

Tewksbmy,

Tisbury, .

Tolland, .

Topsfield, .

Townsend,

Truro,

Tyngsborough,

Tyringham,

Upton,

Uxbridge,

Wakefield,

Wales,

Walpole, .

Waltham, .

Ware,

Wareham,

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 41

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

I I CO I I I I I I I I | I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1-1 I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I (N I I I I I I I IfflH | I -i — T 1 |H | COlONHW | I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I | | |

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CM I | | | | | | |

I I I I tH I I I | | | I i-H | | | | | | | | 1 I | | | | | | | |

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42

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Winchendon,

Winchester,

Windsor, ..

Winthrop,

Woburn, .

Worcester,

Worthington,

Wrentham,

Yarmouth,

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT —

Section 29 of chapter 408 of the Acts of the year 1899
requires the inspectors, in addition to their inspection of
animals for contagious diseases, to examine the barns, stables
and other enclosures in which any cattle are kept, with ref-
erence to their situation, cleanliness, light, ventilation and
water supply ; to make a detailed report, with names and
residences of owners, to the Board of Cattle Commissioners,
which shall embody the same in its annual report to the
Legislature.

In accordance with the above provision, the Board ordered
the inspectors in the various cities and towns of the Com-
monwealth to make an examination of the different premises
where neat cattle are kept, and to make their return on or
before November 15. A large majority of the inspectors
made a very careful inspection and report ; but in some of
the towns examination of many stables was omitted, and the
inspectors in the following towns have sent in no returns of
inspection of stables : —

Billerica.

Brookline.

Canton.

Chelmsford.

Dracut.

Framingham.

Gardner.

Haverhill.

Hudson.
Lawrence.
Lowell.
Maynard .
Middlefield.
Montgomery.
New Braintree.
Newbury.

North Adams.

Petersham.

Richmond.

Rockland.

South Hadley.

Waltham.

Ware.

From the returns of the above inspection, sent to this
office, the following table has been compiled : —

44

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 45

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 47

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1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

55

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PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

57

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Wilbraham,

Williamsburg,

Williamstown,

Wilmington,

Winchendon,

Winchester,

Windsor, .

Winthrop,.

AVoburn, .

Worcester,

Worthington,

Wrentham,

Yarmouth,

58

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

Summary of Above Inspection.
Number of stables inspected, 30,013

Number of stables on the ground, .... 10,685
Number of stables over cellars, .... 15,211
Number of stables in cellars, 4,117

Number of stables with good light, . . . 21,968
Number of stables with bad light, .... 6,345
Number of stables with no light, .... 1,700

Number of stables with good ventilation, . . 26,541
Number of stables with bad ventilation, . . 3,064
Number of stables with no ventilation, . . . 408

Number of stables with good water supply, . . 26,231
Number of stables with fair water supply, . . 3,269
Number of stables with bad water supply, . . 513

Number of stables kept clean, .... 27,077
Number of stables kept unclean, .... 2,936

The inspections of previous years have certainly had a
beneficial result, as reports come from inspectors all over the
State that they find the condition of the neat stock much
more satisfactory than in previous years, and they are unani-
mous in stating that it is, in their opinion, the result of the
examinations made in former years. A few sample letters
will serve to illustrate this feeling : —

Bridgewater, Mass., Dec. 4, 1899.
To the Honorable Board of Cattle Commissioners.

I have the pleasure of reporting, as inspector of animals for the
town of Bridgewater, that, after viewing 128 premises, I have
seen 601 animals and found only 1 to quarantine. I have 2 under
observation, and they are single, — that is, not with others; I
may quarantine them later. There are also over 100 head at the
State Farm in a wooden stable. No stock except that raised
on the farm has been added since the Board examined the whole
stock.

Although I have said in many cases, in answer to the question
*' No improvements," the general tone of care for and interest in
stock which has been tested is on the increase in our town, and
the marked improvement in stock and care for same is much
better. The moral effect of a cattle inspector I find is good, and

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 59

lasting from year to year. 1 think that my town and district will
make a good showing as to freedom from tuberculosis or other
contagious disease.

Respectfully, Calvin Pratt,

Inspector.

Pepperell, Mais., Nov. 18, 1899.
Dr. Austin Peters, Chairman of the Cattle Commission.

Dear Sir : — I send you in another cover my report of the in-
spection for this year, and wish to say I never saw the cattle in
this town looking so well and in so healthy a condition as they are
now. There has been a steady improvement in the condition of
the stables, as well as the health of the animals, each year since
the inspection began. The farmers and cattle owners are trying
"to carry out the rules and regulations laid down by your Board.

The first year of the inspection, when the State paid only for
such animals as were killed and found healthy, there were 46 put
in quarantine, and all of them were condemned and killed by the
Cattle Commission, and all were found diseased but l,.for which
the State paid $12. This year, after six or seven years' experi-
ence, only 4 suspicious cattle were quarantined. One of them
was released on physical examination, 1 was released on the
tuberculin test, and 2 were killed and found diseased and were
paid for by the State at $10 and $18. We think there has been a
great improvement in six years.

Yours respectfully, S. P. Bancroft.

North Brookfield, Mass., Nov. 14, 1899.
To the Honorable State Board of Cattle Commissioners.

Dear Sirs : — I have this day finished the general inspection
of cattle, sheep and swine in my territory. I have quarantined
only 4 cows out of over 800 cattle. I find .considerable improve-
ment in the cleanliness of the barns and stables and the facility
for watering stock, and the water given is much improved since
my last inspection.

I send you this day the returns of inspection, hoping my work
for the last four years may meet with your approval.

I am your obedient servant, B. F. Barnes,

Inspector.

Sunderland, Mass., Nov. 16, 1899.
State Board of Cattle Commissioners.

Gentlemen : — I enclose the final reports of inspections of ani-
mals and barns. I have found no more cases of animals that
could be condemned as tuberculous on physical examination.

60

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

The present condition of live stock shows good results of work
done in previous years. Hope the next appropriation will be
sufficient to test and dispose of suspicious cases.

Yours very truly, Geo. P. Smith,

Inspector.

The cleaning up of herds has been done to a very limited
extent, and only under the following conditions : the State
furnishes tuberculin and an agent to test the cattle, and
pays for reacting animals that are unfit for food, on condi-
tion that the owner will take the beef value from the butcher
for those that are fit for food, and will thoroughly disinfect
his premises at his own expense under rules laid down by
the Board, and will buy only healthy cattle to take the place
of the diseased ones. These requirements bring part of the
burden on the owner, and, if he is not sincere in his desire
to eradicate tuberculosis from his herd and willing to co-op-
erate with the Cattle Commission, he will not agree to them.
It is useless to attempt to eradicate tuberculosis from a herd
without the co-operation of the owner, and it is better to
wait until the farmer is ready to come to the commission and
ask its assistance than to force its services upon him.

Herds have been tested in the following places and results
obtained as below : —

No.

No.

No. con-

Disposed

Date.

Name.

Town.

tested.

released.

and
paid for.

of
by Owner.

June 27,

S.C

Westwood, .

22

22

_

_

Dec. 20,

S. C, second test,

Westwood, .

40

38

2*

-

Aug. 24,

F. L. W., .

Dalton,

14

6

4

2

Oct. 27,

F. Li. W ., second test,

Dalton,

15

13

2t

-

Oct. 23,

P. W. M

Shrewsbury,

45

39

4

2

Nov. 6,

P.W. M

Shrewsbury,

11

2

5

4

Nov. 24,

Institution, .

Waltham, .

28

23

2

3

Nov. 24,

c. w. s

Leyden,

20

6

12

2

Dec. 15,

G. H. E

Weston,

63

62

-

1

Dec. 20,

G.H. E

Concord,

102

101

-

1

Dec. 26,

G. H. E

Newton,

154

151J

-

3

Dec. 15,

W. H. R., .

Montague, .

29

8

21

-

Dec. 28,

L. L.F

Greenfield, .

11

6

5

-

Sept. 25,

D. Brothers,

Amherst,

11

3

6

2

565

480

63

20

* These two animals were new acquisitions to the herd after June 27.

f These two reacted the first test, but were not killed until retested, October 27.

X Three to be retested.

A word of explanation is necessary in regard to the herds
of S. C. and G. H. E.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 61

G. H. E. has been trying to eradicate tuberculosis from
his herd for some time, and in the past he has had the assist-
ance of the commission. In 1898, the appropriation being
insufficient, he tested his cattle at his own expense, and
killed those that reacted to the tuberculin test. Of the 5
animals in his three herds which reacted this winter, only 2
were in the old herd, 1 at Weston and 1 at Concord. The
3 in the herd at Newton which reacted were animals which
he had recently bought on certificates of tuberculin test at
Brighton of dealers ; it is a question whether these cows
were honestly tested before he bought them, or not.

S. C. tested his herd at his own expense in December,
1898, and killed 7 animals. The commission tested the herd
for him in June, after receiving the appropriation, and found
no reacting animals ; it again tested the herd for him Dec.
20, 1899, and but 2 animals reacted. These were cows
which he had taken to board for the winter, which had been
tested with tuberculin, but some time ago, and had probably
acquired the disease after being tested and before S. C. intro-
duced them into his herd.

Prior to May 25 the commission received the slaughter
house returns from the inspectors of animals ; but the act
passed at that time placed this work in the charge of the
local boards of health, and since then they have been ex-
pected to take care of the inspection of slaughter houses and
of animals killed for food at the time of slaughter.

Inspected at Licensed Slaughter Houses at Time of Slaughter, for
Six Months ending May 31, 1899.

Cattle (including calves), 39,254

Sheep, 122,581

Swine, . 737,049

Total, " . 898,884

Inspected at Time of Slaughter, under Section 21, Chapter
491, Acts of 1894, for Six Months ending May 31, 1899.

Cattle (including calves) , 695

Sheep, 24

Swine, 2,122

Total, 2,841

Total reported inspections at time of slaughter, . . . 901,725

Q2 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Animals destroyed as Tuberculous.

Cattle, 89

Sheep, —

Swine, . * 30

Xumber of towns reporting licensed slaughter houses, ... 71

Number of licensed slaughter houses reported, .... 172

In addition to the cases of tuberculosis that the commis-
sion has dealt with in the regular way, 50 cases have been
reported by different persons since the inspection of slaugh-
tered animals was placed in the charge of the boards of
health. These have been found in the slaughter houses,
or have been killed with the owners' consent (they waiving
their right to compensation from the State) , or have been
reported by Tenderers.

Bovine tuberculosis requires to be looked upon from two
different stand-points : one, the possible danger to human life
and health from the use of the flesh and dairy products of
animals with a disease analogous to, if not identical with,
tuberculosis in mankind ; the other, as a troublesome, infec-
tious disease of cattle, causing large annual losses to our
farmers and breeders by the deaths or diminution in value
of the neat stock, as well as the shrinkage in their products,
making them a less source of profit to their owners than
healthy cattle.

The problem of the management of bovine tuberculosis is
attracting the attention of all civilized nationalities at the .
present time, especially in those localities where cattle are
kept in a state of close cohabitation, for the purpose of
utilizing their dairy products by the sale of milk or the
manufacture of butter and cheese. The question is not of
such vital importance in beef-producing communities, where
the cattle are less closely confined and range over large areas
of territory, as here it is not propagated so readily or rap-
idly, and hence is a source of less danger and loss ; that is,
the close confinement and sanitary (or rather unsanitary)
surroundings under which dairy cattle and young animals
being bred for the dairy are kept renders them peculiarly
susceptible to the ravages of this scourge ; in addition to
this, lactation is a constant source of depletion to vitality in
the milch cow.

At the Seventh International Congress of Veterinary Sur-

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 63

geons, held in Baden-Baden, Aug. 7 to 12, 1899, to which
the chairman of this Board was a delegate, although he was
unable to attend, and at which Dr. Frothingham, who does
the bacteriological work of this Board, was present, a num-
ber of papers were presented by the leading veterinary
officials of many of the European countries upon the control
of bovine tuberculosis. All are agreed upon the importance
of the work and the necessity of taking measures for the
suppression of this disease, because of its possible danger to
the public health, as well as on account of the losses it
imposes upon cattle owners. It is also generally con-
ceded that, because of its infectious character and wide-
spread prevalence, it is a matter of veterinary, sanitary
police, that should be taken charge of by the State just
as much as glanders, rabies or contagious pleuro-pneumo-
nia. Among those presenting reports upon the preven-
tion of tuberculosis among domestic animals were Prof. B.
Bang, of the Veterinary School of Copenhagen, represent-
ing Denmark; Dr. O. Malm, director of the Civil Vet-
erinary Department, Norway ; Mr. G. Eegner, military
veterinary surgeon, attached to the Board of Agriculture,
Stockholm, Sweden ; Dr. E. Eudovsky, State veterinarian
at Brunn, Austria; Dr. Siedamgrotsky, chief veterinary
officer in Saxony ; and Dr. L. Stubbe of Brussels, veterinary
inspector of the Board of Agriculture in Belgium.

The prevalence of tuberculosis varies in different localities.
In Austria, Eudovsky thinks that only between 1 and 2 per
cent, of the cattle are diseased ; in Sweden, Eegner thinks
20 per cent, may be infected ; and in Norway, Malm gives it
as his opinion that it exists on 25 per cent, of the farms, and
that between 8 and 9 per cent, of all the cattle are infected.

In eastern Massachusetts, judging from the experience of
this commission with veterinarians making private tests for
owners in the spring of 1897, it is not unfair to assume that
a condition of aifairs exists quite as bad as in the more popu-
lous dairy districts of northern Europe. While less has
been done towards State control of tuberculosis in England
and Germany than in France and some of the smaller
European countries, like Sweden, Norway, Denmark and
Belgium, it is not because the importance of the trouble is
not realized, but because the best means for undertaking the

64 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

eradication of bovine tuberculosis is being deliberated upon.
England has had a Boyal Commission on Tuberculosis
investigating this malady for several years, whose work has
been alluded to in a previous report of this Board.

At the conclusion of the International Congress in Baden-
Baden, last August, the following resolutions were adopted : —

The Prevention of Tuberculosis amongst Domestic Animals.

1. The prevention of tuberculosis in cattle is urgently needed.

2. The extinction of bovine tuberculosis on the part of the
owners (voluntary extinction) is practicable, and should be uni-
versally aimed at. It demands the slaughter of dangerous tuber-
culous beasts as soon as possible, as well as careful protection of
calves and healthy animals from infection. The voluntary extinc-
tion of bovine tuberculosis should be encouraged by the State,
through the dissemination of correct views respecting the character
of tuberculosis, respecting the modes of infection and the impor-
tance of tuberculin inoculation, and be supported by State grants.
The best means hitherto known for the prevention of tuberculosis
among domestic animals is tuberculin. Tuberculin should only be
supplied under State control. In any case it should be given to
veterinary surgeons alone.

3. A State prevention of bovine tuberculosis is thoroughly to
be recommended. If it is applied with a certain caution, it can
be carried out, and will hinder the further increase of the disease
and will gradually stop it. The prevention requires : —

(a) The obligation of the veterinary surgeon to give the legal
notice of every case of proved tuberculosis in the exercise of his
practice.

(b) The quickest possible slaughter of dangerously tuberculous
animals (particularly those animals which are affected with
mammitis, tuberculosis of the uterus and of the intestines, as well
as pulmonary tuberculosis), compensation being granted by the
State, and the prohibition of the return of buttermilk from the co-
operative dairies until it has been sterilized.

The Use of the Flesh and Milk of Tuberculous Animals.
A. Of the Flesh.
Granted that a general compulsory inspection of slaughter
animals exists before and after slaughter, the following measures
are to be prescribed, in view of dangers for the health of the
people which may be connected with the consumption of the flesh
of tuberculous animals : —

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 65

1. Those professional men who carry out meat inspection are
expected to examine the slaughtered animals, and so to give a
guarantee that every case of tuberculosis among the slaughtei'ed
animals — and in every such case the spread of the tuberculous
process — will be accounted for with certainty.

2. The most important part of the meat inspection is the sure
detection and the perfectly uninjurious removal of the organs that
have been changed by tuberculosis, together with their appendages.

3. With regard to the flesh of tuberculous animals, the parts
affected with tuberculous centres and bound by the corresponding
lymphatic glands are to be treated in the same way as the tuber-
culously altered organs. If the tuberculous alterations in the
meat are confined to the lymphatic glands situated in it, the muscle
may, after cutting out the bones, joints, vessels and lymphatic
glands and adequate dissection, be handed over, in a sterilized
condition, to be used for food. In the case of fat animals, the
melting out of the fat tissue that has been separated, with avoid-
ance of the tuberculous centres, is likewise permitted.

4. In the case of local tuberculosis and in that of general tuber-
culosis healed and limited to the organs of the cavities, the meat
may be dealt out raw, to be used as food. If the tuberculous
process in the intestines is of considerable extent, the obligation
to declare it is to be insisted upon.

5. The whole of the meat, except the melted fat, is to be with-
drawn from use as human food, if there exist marked emaciation
or the signs of very recent infection of the blood (tumor in the
spleen, and swelling of the lungs, liver, spleen or kidneys).

6. In cases where the local character of tuberculosis and the
harmlessness of the meat are doubtful (especially when there are
tuberculous caverns and incipient derangement of nutrition) , the
whole of the meat is to be sterilized before being handed over as
fit for food.

7. The sterilized meat and the melted fat is to be sold under
declaration.

B. Of the Milk.

1. The cows, goats, etc., kept for dairy purposes are to be
subjected to regular veterinary control.

2. The milk of tuberculous animals is not to be used for human
food, if the animals are emaciated or affected with tubercles in the
mammae .

3. In accordance with the mode of proceeding in the kingdoms
of Denmark and Sweden, the emaciated and tuberculous dairy
animals are to be immediately removed from the farms and destined
for slaughter, compensation being given to owners.

66 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

It will be seen by these resolutions that a system of veter-
inary sanitary police contemplates an efficient inspection of
slaughter houses. This, however, applies more to the pro-
tection of the public health than to the eradication of disease.

The laws under which this commission acted prior to May
25, 1899, provided that it should receive the returns of in-
spections of slaughtered animals from the inspectors of
animals and provisions in the different cities and towns, and
also that it furnish applications for licenses for slaughter
houses, and that a duplicate of every license granted in the
State should be on file at the office of the Board of Cattle
Commissioners. This did not seem to have much to do with
the eradication of disease, and the inspection was placed in
the hands of the local boards of health by section 20, chapter
408, Acts of 1899, as it seemed to be more of a local sani-
tary matter than one closely connected with the control of
bovine tuberculosis, and it caused a good deal of extra work
in the office of the commission, without any corresponding
benefit. What the slaughter-house inspection by the local
boards of health amounts to is a matter of conjecture.
Every week old, emaciated cows, called " canners " and
" bologna cows," are shipped to our markets for " beef," not
only from without the limits of the Commonwealth but from
towns in the dairy districts of the State. Many of these
must be diseased and unfit for human food ; yet, if the
slaughter-house inspection was properly carried out, this
contemptible business would not be as profitable as it appears
to be, and would be given up. If the Cattle Commission
seized the animals which were clearly diseased coming from
without the limits of the State, they could be killed without
appraisal or payment, and rendered as they ought to be;
yet, if this were done, it would be unfair unless similar ani-
mals coming from within the limits of Massachusetts were
also seized and killed. Such animals would, however, have
to be paid for, if they had been owned within the State for
six months prior to condemnation, from the appropriation of
the commission.

As the object of the law is to kill diseased animals whose
milk may be unhealthful or which may be a source of con-
tamination to other cattle, it seems proper to allow them to

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 51. 67

proceed to the slaughter house, if the inspection there is
properly made. Theoretically, the health of the people is
protected; practically, it is a question if the inspection
is anything more or less than a farce in many places.

There is also a section in the law relative to meat inspec-
tion requiring all calves killed for veal to be over four weeks
old ; yet, as a matter of fact, half the calves killed for food
are not more than one to two weeks old ; a number are only
a few days old, and some are no better than living abortions.
If veal from calves under four weeks old is unhealthful, the
law should be enforced ; if it is proper that human beings
should eat meat from any kind of a calf, the law should be
repealed. If the law as it stands is too strict, it should be
modified to meet the requirements of civilization, and then it
should be uniformly enforced everywhere.

At some abattoirs there is an inspector of the United
States Bureau of Animal Industry to examine beef and pork
for export to foreign countries ; he will not pass anything
that the sanitary laws of those countries consider as unfit for
food for their peoples, yet in some places what he will not
pass as fit for food is sold to our own citizens. Surely the
people of this country ought to be entitled to the same pro-
tection from the State that the United States government
guarantees to foreigners.

The present policy of the Massachusetts Board of Cattle
Commissioners follows the plan laid down in the resolutions
given above, outside of the matter of slaughter-house inspec-
tion. The methods formerly pursued by the State have been
found too extravagant and expensive. Similar measures were
tried in Belgium, and proved there to be too costly.

During the past year cows that showed marked physical
evidence of tuberculosis were condemned and killed ; a few
have been passed as fit for beef, but most of them were only
fit to be rendered. When cows can be condemned on a
physical examination, the work can be done at a less cost
than under the former system, when the agent tested cows
with tuberculin, and then reported the results to the office
and received instructions which to kill and which to release.
Under the present system, the agent examines, appraises
and kills a diseased cow all at one visit. This system seems

68 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

to work satisfactorily, and very few complaints have arisen
under it. Cows with nodulated udders have been tested
with tuberculin, as have also some doubtful cases ; if they
reacted, they were destroyed.

Reducing the limit of value from $60 to $40 has resulted
in a saving to the State. The appraisals have been very
evenly made, and the average value, $22.50 per head, is
much lower than it formerly was. The work of the local
inspectors seems to be sufficient to protect the people from
the milk of cows owned in Massachusetts which are suffi-
ciently diseased to be a danger to the public health, besides
which, the badly diseased cows are the greater sources of
danger to others.

A few herds have been tested with tuberculin and reacting
animals removed, but only where the owner has shown a
disposition to co-operate with the commission.

The reports of the inspectors show that the inspections of
previous years have resulted in a healthier condition of the
cattle, and it seems as though the work previously done
by them had resulted in a diminution of the disease ; it
certainly has, as far as the bad cases go ; whether a tuber-
culin test would show a corresponding improvement is un-
certain.

Many other States now require cattle brought into their
limits to be kept for dairy or breeding purposes to be tested
with tuberculin. Among those in New England are Maines
New Hampshire, Vermont and Rhode Island ; while, outside
of New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Illinois re-
quire it, and others will undoubtedly adopt similar require-
ments in time. The United States government also requires
that all cattle imported shall be tested with tuberculin at the
port of entry, as well as holding them in quarantine there
for ninety days ; therefore it seems only proper that Massa-
chusetts should maintain similar rules and regulations for
the protection of her owners of live stock ; yet this Board
has been hampered and impeded and imposed upon in every
possible way by avaricious cattle traders and dishonest vet-
erinarians, who disgrace what ought to be an honorable pro-
fession by making out imaginary certificates of test upon
animals that never had a drop of tuberculin under their

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 69

skins. This is one of the most perplexing problems con-
fronting the Board at the present time.

The efforts of the Cattle Commission to eradicate bovine
tuberculosis should be confined to an expense not greatly
exceeding the cost of an inspection each year, — that is,
practically an examination of dairy herds to protect the pub-
lic health, — and the cost of keeping up the quarantine work
against importing any diseased cattle. It should consist
of: —

(a) A quarantine against diseased cattle from adjoining
States, to insure a healthy supply to take the places of those
killed by the State or disposed of in other ways, remember-
ing that our bovine population changes every ten or twelve
years, and in milkmen's herds much more rapidly, — say
every four or five years.

(b) An annual inspection by the local inspectors of ani-
mals, to protect the public health and improve the sanitary
surroundings of the cattle. These badly diseased creatures
are of more danger to other cattle than slightly infected
ones, and when removed their stalls should be thoroughly
disinfected before replacing them with new purchases.

(c) If any money remains from the annual inspection, it
should be expended in testing entire herds for owners who
will agree to accept the conditions laid down by the Board.
It is useless to endeavor to free a farmer's herd from tuber-
culosis unless he will promise to co-operate with the commis-
sion. After a farmer's herd is thoroughly freed from
tuberculosis, he should receive no more assistance from the
State, but be himself compelled to maintain it in a healthy
condition. It is better for the present that the farmer shall
apply to the commission of his own volition for assistance
than that the commission should urge its attentions upon him.

Another important point for the protection of herds from
tuberculosis on farms where the calves are raised is noted in
the resolutions already quoted, and that is, the danger from
skim-milk and buttermilk from creameries. In creameries,
where the milk of a number of dairies is mixed, it is possible
to infect the calves on farms where tuberculosis does not
exist by taking home skim-milk or buttermilk to feed them,
some of which comes from herds infected with tuberculosis.

70

CATTLE COMMISSIONERS.

[Jan.

It is recommended that all such food shall be sterilized before
being fed to the calves.

In Europe, the sediment from the centrifugal separator is
considered especial ly dangerous, and it is advised, and in
some places required, that all such material shall be burned.

Working upon these lines, the Board of Cattle Commis-
sioners is of the opinion that tuberculosis among cattle can
in time be very materially diminished, at a cost to the State
not greatly exceeding the expense of a thorough annual in-
spection of the herds, including taking out and paying for
the bad cases, with the added cost of keeping up a quarantine
against diseased cattle from other States ; and believes with
Bang, who says, "In some twenty years it will be possible
to go further and take more severe measures."

Glanders.

During the past year glanders and farcy have prevailed to
an extent that must be considered serious, if not even alarm-
ing. More cases or suspected cases of this dangerous disease
have been reported to the Cattle Commission than during
any year in its history, and this calls for the co-operation of
every lover of the horse and every veterinarian in the State
in the efforts of the Board to eradicate this loathsome malady.

From Dec. 15, 1898, to Dec. 15, 1899, 614 cases of sus-
pected cases of glanders or farcy have been reported to the
commission; and of these, 543 have been destroyed as being-
infected, and 71 have been released after a careful examina-
tion, and in some cases have been continued in quarantine
for some little time for further observation, if they showed
suspicious symptoms, and not allowed to go free until it was
certain they were not infected.

The following shows the cities and towns from which cases
were reported and the number in each : —

■d

■6

Towns.

•a

3

2

Towns.

■a

a

|2

«

H

3

«

EH

Acton, .

1

1

Ashburnham,

1

2

3

Ancloyer,

1

-

1

Auburn,

1

-

1

Arlington,

8

2

10

Barre, .

—

1

1

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

71

■d

•6

Towns.

•a

03

«

Towns.

<a

rt

oj

2

w

o

H

2

«

o
Eh

Berlin, .

2

2

Millburv,

1

1

2

Beverly,

1

-

1

Milton, .

1

-

1

Billeriea,

1

-

1

Nahant, .

3

-

.3

Blandford,

_

1

1

Natick, .

1

-

1

Boston. .

159

2

161

Needham,

1

-

1

Boxborough,

1

-

1

New Bedford,

6

-

6

Boylston,

1

-

1

New Marlborough,

1

-

1

Braintree,

2

-

2

Newton,

13

1

14

Brockton,

6

2

8

North Andover, .

1

-

1

Brookline,

3

_

3

North Brookfield, .

-

1

1

Burlington,

1

_

1

Northborough,

-

1

1

Cambridge,

38

3

41

Norwood,

-

1

1

Charlton,

-

1

1

Palmer, .

1

-

1

Chelsea,

12

-

12

Peabody,

1

1

2

Chicopee,

1

1

2

Pittsfield,

1

-

1

Clinton,

10

1

11

Provincetown,

-

1

1

Danvers,

1

-

1

Quincy,

3

2

5

Dartmouth,

2

-

2

Randolph,

1

-

1

Dudley, .

1

-

1

Reading,

3

-

3

Faston, .

-

1

1

Revere, .

2-

-

2

Everett, .

4

-

4

Rochester,

1

-

1

Fall River,

10

1

11

Saugus,

3

-

3

Fitchburg,

9

3

12

Somerville, .

33

1

34

Foxborough,

-

1

1

Springfield, .

14

-

14

Gardner,

2

-

2

Sterling,

1

-

1

Gloucester,

1

-

1

Stoneham,

2

1

3

Granby,

-

1

1

Sudbury,

-

1

1

Granville,

1

-

1

Swampscott, .

1

-

1

Great Barring

jton,.

1

-

1

Swansea,

2

-

2

Haverhill,

3

_

3

Taunton,

2

-

2

Hingham,

2

2

4

Tyngsborough,

1

-

1

Holyoke,

-

1

1

Upton, .

1

-

1

Hopedale,

1

-

1

Wakefield, .

1

-

1

Hull, .

1

-

1

Waltham,

13

4

17

Ipswich,

-

2

2

Watertown, .

11

-

11

Lawrence,

2

-

2

Wellesley,

15

3

18

Leominster,

2

1

3

West Boylston,

1

-

1

Lexington,

7

-

7

Westminster,

1

1

2

Lincoln,

1

-

1

Weston,

1

-

1

Lowell, .

3

1

4

Westwood, .

1

_

1

Lunenburg,

2

-

2

Whitman,

1

_

1

Lynn, .

22

6

28

Winchester, .

1

-

1

Lynnfield,

1

-

1

Winthrop,

4

1

5

Maiden,

4

-

4

Woburn,

2

-

2

Marlborough

1

_

1

Worcester,

46

12

58

Medford,

1

-

1

Wrentham, .

1

-

1

Melrose,

6

_

6

. .

Middleborough, .

3

_

3

543

71

614

Milford,

—

1

1

Of these 614 cases, 238 have called for the personal in-
vestigation of a member of the Board or one of its agents,
with the following results : —

72 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

One hundred and thirty-nine were evident cases of disease,
and were ordered killed.

Forty-eight were clearly free from disease, and were or-
dered released.

Fifty-two were doubtful cases, from which guinea pigs
were inoculated.

In 27 instances the guinea pigs developed glanders, and
the horses were destroyed.

In 25 cases the guinea pigs did not develop glanders. Of
these, 21 horses were released and 4 were killed, having de-
veloped such marked clinical evidences of glanders while
awaiting the results of the guinea-pig test as to render an-
other test unnecessary. In one instance it was necessary to
inoculate guinea pigs three times from the nasal discharge of
a horse suspected of having glanders and farcy before they
developed the disease, there not being enough germs of
glanders present in the material taken the first and second
times to infect these little animals ; yet the horse was so
suspicious that the Board did not feel that it ought to be re-
leased on the negative tests. The final results proved the
suspicion to be well founded. In one or two other cases a
second inoculation was necessary, but generally the test is
decisive on a single trial.

Two horses were killed on a mallein test, and 1 released.

One case given as negative was not reported to the Board
until the owner had disposed of it, and there is no positive
proof that it had glanders ; on the doubt, it is entered as
negative .

A case reported as positive from Great Barrington is
doubtful ; the horse died in quarantine, and there was not a
careful autopsy made upon it.

The 375 remaining cases mentioned were killed with the
owners' consent, except 159 reported from the city of Bos-
ton, where the board of health had full charge of glanders,
and 3 or 4 that died in quarantine, leaving 116 killed with
the owners' consent outside of the city, except the few which
died of the disease. Many of these were killed upon the
advice of veterinarians, and in a great number of cases were
reported to the Board as killed with the consent of the
owner.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 73

The above list of towns, being alphabetical, gives no idea
of the geographical distribution of glanders and farcy in
Massachusetts, but it can readily be seen that there are cer-
tain centres of infection ; Boston is the principal one, here
and in the surrounding cities and towns the larger number of
cases are found ; Worcester must be looked upon as another
centre, from which occasional cases are taken to the neigh-
boring towns ; Fitchburg is another, although a smaller
centre, the cases in Sterling, Leominster, Lunenburg, Ash-
burnham, Westminster and Gardner being more or less
traceable to that city ; Springfield is another small centre,
and there are a few cases met with in the south-eastern
corner of the State, in Fall River and New Bedford, and
some of the intervening country towns. Occasionally cases
occur in the cities of the Merrimac valley. Local outbreaks
are also met with ; for example, the cases occurring in Clin-
ton seem to be the result of an outbreak there in 1898, 12;
having been killed there in that year and 10 in 1899.

The cases reported from Newton and Wellesley represent
another local outbreak, nearly all of these horses having
been owned at Newton Lower Falls, on either side of the
Charles River. At this point there are two public watering
troughs, one in Newton and one on the Wellesley side of the
line, which no doubt contributed to the spread of the dis-
ease in this village.

In order to obtain as complete returns of the number of
cases of glanders and farcy occurring in this Commonwealth
as possible, July 28 the following letter was sent to the
principal Tenderers : —

Boston, July 1, 1899.

Dear Sirs : — Your attention is called to the following sections
of chapter 408 of the Acts of 1899 : —

Section 14. Whenever in any city or town the board of health or
any member or agent thereof, or any other person, except the members
of the board of cattle commissioners, who has knowledge of or has good
reason to suspect the existence of any contagious disease among any
species of domestic animals within the limits of this Commonwealth, or
that any domestic animal is affected with any such contagious disease,
whether such knowledge is obtained by personal examination or other-
wise, shall immediately give written notice thereof to the board of cattle
commissioners or any of its members, agents or inspectors, and for

74 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

failure so to do shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred
dollars : provided, however, that no such notice shall be given in the city
of Boston relating to the diseases known as glanders, farcy and rabies,
which diseases shall be cared for by the board of health of the city of
Boston.

Section 34. Every person who kills or causes to be killed, with 4:he
consent of the owner or person in possession thereof, any animal under
suspicion that the same is affected with or has been exposed to a con-
tagious disease, and who, upon the inspection of the carcass thereof,
finds or is of the opinion that the same is affected with a contagious
disease, shall notify such owner or person in possession thereof of the
existence of such disease, and shall also immediately notify the board of
cattle commissioners, its agent or inspector, of the same, and of the
place where the animal was found, the name of the owner or owners, or
person or persons in possession thereof, and of the disposal made of such
carcass. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be
subject to the same penalties as are provided in section twenty-eight of
this act.

Section 35. Contagious diseases under the provisions of this act
shall include glanders, farcy, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, tuberculosis,
Texas fever, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, hog cholera, rabies,
anthrax or anthracoid diseases, sheep scab and actinomycosis.

This applies to renderers as well as to other persons. You will,
therefore, in the future report all such cases to this Board.

Renderers within the limits of the city of Boston do not have
to report cases of glanders, farcy or rabies to this Board, but to
the Boston board of health, if said cases are found within the
city limits ; but all cases of glanders and farcy brought from
without the limits of the city of Boston to such rendering estab-
lishments must be reported to the Board of Cattle Commissioners, .
together with the names and addresses of the owners.

Per order Massachusetts Cattle Commission,

Austin Peters,

Chairman.

The rendering establishments to which letters were sent,
together with blanks for answers and stamped envelopes,
were these : —

N. "Ward Company,

Brighton Abattoir,

Parmenter. & Polsey, .

Muller Brothers, .

Swift Rendering Company,

Lowe Brothers,

Bartlett's Rendering Works,

South Boston.

Brighton.

Peabody.

North Cambridge.

Lowell.

Fitchburg.

Worcester.

1900.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51.

75

E. H. Gammon, .
Thos. Kirby,
W. H. Abbott, .
Bartlett & Holmes,
E. J. Whitman, .
Wm. Lanery,
W. C. Lawrence,
James E. McGovern,

New Bedford.

South Hadley Falls.

Holyoke.

Springfield.

Dracut.

Amesbury.

Brockton.

Lawrence.

In this way the Board has received reports from the fol-
lowing renderers, since August 1, of cases of glanders and
farcy : —

N. Ward Company, .
Brighton Abattoir,
Muller Brothers,
Parmenter & Polsey, .
J. E. McGovern, .
Lowell Rendering Company,
Lowe Brothers, .
Bartlett & Holmes,

14 reports, 53 cases.
18 reports, 60 cases.
14 reports, 32 cases.

3 reports, 3 cases.

4 reports, 3 cases.
2 reports, 1 case.

5 reports, 6 cases.
4 reports, 10 cases.

Where the reports exceed the number of cases of glanders,
it is because tuberculosis was included in them.

The total number of reports thus received is 84 since Au-
gust 1, and includes 168 horses. Thirty-four, or about 20
per cent, of these cases, were not reported through any other
channel, and would not have come to the knowledge of the
Board if it had not been for the renderers' reports. This
shows that four cases of glanders or farcy in every five have
the attention of the Cattle Commission called to them, which
is a larger proportion than the Board imagined were reported
to it, and shows that the law is fairly well complied with.
When a case that has not previously been reported is reported
to the Board by the renderer, the inspector of animals for the
city or town is immediately notified to see that the premises
from which the diseased animal came are thoroughly disin-
fected, and, if any other horses are kept there, to ascertain
if they are healthy, and inform the commission of the results
of the investigation.

The renderers' returns do not include Mr. Bartlett of
Worcester, as he reported every case in that city directly
to Commissioner Herrick, as frequently as he received them.

76 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

The cases which the Board would not otherwise have heard
of were all outside of Boston, as in Boston this work is in
the hands of the board of health. The co-operation of the
Tenderers in this work has been a valuable assistance to the
Board, and their willingness to help is highly praiseworthy ;
and, while the commission has a legal right to require these
returns, yet the cheerful readiness with which they have been
furnished is exceedingly commendable, and deserves the
heartiest thanks of the Board, which it takes this opportunity
to express.

On account of the number of cases of glanders called to
the attention of the commission early in the summer, and be-
cause of the passage of the new law relating to infectious
diseases of animals, it seemed important that persons should
be informed as far as possible concerning the proper course
to pursue in case of outbreaks of this disease. The following
notice was therefore sent, about July 1 (printed in large
type), to all the postmasters in the country towns in the
State, to the chiefs of police in many of the larger places, and
to some of the inspectors of animals in towns where glanders
was specially prevalent, asking them to post it where people
would see it : —

Notice.

Attention is hereby called to the following sections of chapter
408 of the Acts of 1899 : —

Section 14. Whenever in any city or town the board of health or"
any member or agent thereof, or any other person, except the members
of the board of cattle commissioners, who has knowledge of or has good
reason to suspect the existence of any contagious disease among any
species of domestic animals within the limits of this Commonwealth, or
that any domestic animal is affected with any such contagious disease,
whether such knowledge is obtained by personal examination or other-
wise, shall immediately give written notice thereof to the board of cattle
commissioners or any of its members, agents or inspectors, and for fail-
ure so to do shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dol-
lars : provided, however, that no such notice shall be given in the city of
Boston relating to the diseases known as glanders, farcy and rabies,
which diseases shall be cared for by the board of health of the city of
Boston.

Section 15. Upon the receipt of such notice from any person the
board of cattle commissioners shall inspect or cause to be inspected by
its authorized agent any such animal or animals, and if upon such inspec-
tion said board or such inspector suspects or has reason to believe that

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 77

contagion exists, the board or inspector shall proceed according to the
provisions of sections twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five and twenty-
six of this act.

Section 34. Every person who kills or causes to be killed, with the
consent of the owner or person in possession thereof, any animal under
suspicion that the same is affected with or has been exposed to a conta-
gious disease, and who, upon the inspection of the carcass thereof, finds
or is of the opinion that the same is affected with a contagious disease,
shall notify such owner or person in possession thereof of the existence
of such disease, and shall also immediately notify the board of cattle
-commissioners, its agent or inspector, of the same, and of the place
where the animal was found, the name of the owner or owners, or per-
son or persons in possession thereof, and of the disposal made of such
carcass. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be
subject to the same penalties as are provided in section twenty-eight of
this act.

Section 35. Contagious diseases under the provisions of this act
shall include glanders, farcy, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, tuberculosis,
Texas fever, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, hog cholera, rabies,
anthrax or anthracoid diseases, sheep scab and actinomycosis.

Please post this in a conspicuous place.

Austin Peters, Chairman,
L. F. Herri ck, Secretary,
C. A. Dennen,

Board of Cattle Commissioners.

Boston, July 1, 1899.

The reports of the Massachusetts Cattle Commission for
many years have been printed in the report of the Secretary
of the State Board of Agriculture. Prior to 1878 there
seems to be no reference to glanders or farcy ; but in that
year the powers of the Cattle Commission were made to ap-
ply to horses, asses and mules affected with this disease, and
the report mentions killing a few diseased animals under the
act, and refers to the fact that the disease is not infrequent,
and that the owners kill animals of their own free will when
veterinarians inform them of its nature, and regrets that
sometimes unscrupulous owners sell or trade off these beasts.

In 1879 the Board ordered 43 glandered horses killed.

In 1880, 27.

In 1881, 40 were killed by the commission.

In 1882, 10 reported killed.

In 1883, no report.

In 1884, number not given.

78 CATTLE COMMISSIONEKS. [Jan.

In 1885, 18 killed.

In 1886, 75 killed.

In 1887, much space given to report on glanders, Dr. Win-
chester putting in minority report.

In 1888, 76 killed.

In 1889, 57 killed by Board.

In 1890, 90 cases or suspected cases, most of them killed.

In 1891, 157 cases killed either by order of the commis-
sion or reported killed with consent of owner, or double the
number in any previous year.

In 1892, 134 killed by commission or reported killed, hut
the report comments that many cases are killed privately and
not reported, to avoid publicity.

In 1893, report does not give number of cases, but men-
tions disease occurring in the towns of Attleborough, Auburn,
Boston, Brockton, Cambridge, Chelsea, Clinton, Concord,
Everett, Fall Kiver, Lawrence, Lowell, Milford, Millbury,
Natick, Quincy, Somerville, Springfield, Taunton, Westport
and Winthrop. It will be noticed that subsequent reports
show it to have prevailed in these neighborhoods ever since.
The report still complains of persons who fail to report cases
to the Board, cheap horse traders who sell infected animals,
and quack horse doctors who pretend to undertake the cure
of glanders and farcy. These obstacles are still met with,
and in all probability will continue to be for some years to
come.

In 1894, 160 animals were condemned and destroyed, as
reported to the commission.

In 1895, 206 animals condemned and killed, as reported
to the Board.

In 1896, 341 animals killed by order of the Board, or
with consent of owner.

In 1897, 402 animals killed by order of the Board, or with
consent of the owner.

In 1898, 387 animals were killed by order of the Board,
or with the consent of the owner.
In 1899, 543, as already stated.

This would show a steady and alarming increase, if it
were not for the fact that probably much of this year's in-
crease is the result of more complete returns than have ever

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 79

yet been received by the Board of Cattle Commissioners ; as
it is, the matter is sufficiently serious.

It is estimated by the Board that the average value of the
horses killed in Massachusetts during the past year was
about $78.50 per head; this means an annual loss to the
horse owners of the State of over $42,000 ; as some cases-
are not reported, it means a loss of considerably more if
.these were included.

Glanders and farcy spread in a variety of ways : public
watering troughs undoubted^ play a part in infected locali-
ties ; cohabitation of the diseased and healthy ; trading and
selling diseased horses by cheap horse traders ; and infected
animals on peddlers' and advertising wagons going around
the country also cause fresh outbreaks. Improper disin-
fection of premises, harnesses and utensils after removing
diseased animals will also perpetuate the trouble.

During the past year cases have been called to the atten-
tion of the Board of persons knowingly selling glandered
horses, with the result that a man in Worcester was fined
$50 for selling a glandered horse, on complaint of Commis-
sioner Herrick.

A man was fined $20 for selling a glandered horse in
Palmer, the case being prosecuted by the district police, at
the request of the Cattle Commission.

Two men are held for the grand jury at Salem this Janu-
ary in $300 each for selling a horse with farcy in Saugus, on
complaint of Commissioner Peters.

A complaint has been made to the district police of a
Somerville man selling the horse to one of the Saugus men
by the Commission. Complaint has also been made to the
district police of a man in Westminster for knowingly re-
moving or concealing a horse with glanders. It is hoped
the district police will be able to prepare and prove charges
against these men.

Complaint was made to the district police of a firm of
barge owners in Nahant, who sent a horse to a Boston sale
stable last summer suffering with glanders, which was sold
to a man in Stoneham, where it was killed by order of the
Board. (Nothing seems to have come of this.)

In many of these cases the difficulty is to prove that a

80 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

man knowingly sells a horse with a contagious disease ; if
there is no proof that he knows or has reasonable cause to
believe that the animal has a contagious disease, there is no
case against them.

Complaint was made to the district police last summer of
a man in Melrose who buys old horses and takes them to his
place to kill. He bought two glanderecl horses in Boston,
one from Somerville and one from Chelsea, and took them
to Melrose to slaughter. A member of the commission
visited the place one day, after hearing of these cases, and
found a shanty in the woods, and the heads, necks and
shoulders of two old horses ; the hind quarters and loins
were gone. The owner was not at home, but his man said
the remains of the two horses were sold for fertilizer. Just
why the hind quarters aud loins of a horse make better fer-
tilizer than the rest is a problem to be solved; also, what is
done with them should be known. The district police
watched the establishment for awhile, and concluded there
was no case against him. He took another reported case of
glanders there a few days ago ; but, if he maintains he did
not know the horse had glanders, there is no case against
him.

There is a man in Maiden who occasionally buys horses to
kill, in the same way. The horse taken from Somerville
to Saugus, where the two men now held for the court in
Salem sold him from one to another, was first taken to.
Maiden; but the horse killer would only give $2.50 for
him, and one of the Saugus men offered $3, and took him
home.

If there is no legislation to stop these irresponsible per-
sons handling diseased animals, there should be. Diseased
animals should all be sent to responsible rendering establish-
ments, and the proprietors of these plants should be required
by statute to report all such cases to the Cattle Commission.

As glanders and farcy prevail over Massachusetts, and
every city and town forms a portion of the Commonwealth,
one general law relating to contagious animal diseases should
suffice for all ; special legislation is pernicious when not
needed, and it is to be hoped that it will not be carried any
farther than it has been in regard to Boston.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 81

It is to be hoped that a rigid enforcement of the law in the
future will lead to a diminution in glanders and farcy ; but
at present it is a great source of loss to horse owners and a
danger to the community.

A number of the doubtful cases decided by the guinea pig
test were of a chronic character, that may have been spread-
ing the disease for several months, or even longer. The
killing of such animals may have an effect in lessening the
number of future cases.

Rabies.

At the time of compiling the last report upon rabies, which
carried up to Dec. 15, 1898, there were held in quarantine
by the Cattle Commission eleven dogs which had been bitten,
or were in neighborhoods where they might have been bitten,
by dogs that were rabid or suspected of being afflicted with
this disorder. Three of these animals were in Lynn, and
had been bitten by a dog supposed to be rabid. The head
of the latter was sent to the commission in October, 1898,
and rabbits were inoculated with material from his brain. At
the end of ninety days the rabbits were still healthy, and
the three quarantined canines were released Dec. 21, 1898.
The other eight still in quarantine a year ago last December
were what remained from an outbreak when twelve dogs
were quarantined in Newton in a neighborhood where there
was a case of rabies. Two of these had died of rabies, and
two had been shot by their owners as a matter of precaution
at the time of making the last report. The remaining eight
were still healthy Dec. 21, 1898, when the ninety-day period
of quarantine expired, and they were ordered released.

Just after completing the last annual report there was an
outbreak of rabies in that part of Boston known as Dor-
chester, near Milton Lower Mills. A dog was reported by
the inspector of the Boston board of health* as having had
rabies. The board of health "notified" the owners of a
number of other dogs in the vicinity to keep them in quar-
antine. One of these animals was reported to have died of

* Under special act of 1899, he now has a legal power to quarantine dogs exposed
to rabies, or horses suspected of having glanders or farcy, independently of the
Cattle Commission ; prior to that time he had to secure the co-operation of the com-
mission to quarantine animals legally.

82 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

rabies December 29. One of the dogs, whose owner was
" notified" to keep him in quarantine, was a setter, and was
taken to Grand Isle, off Osterville in the town of Barnstable,
January 4, to be used for hunting; here he was ordered
quarantined by the Cattle Commission, January 4, as the
result of a letter from the Boston inspector, and remained
there until February 17, when his owner broke quarantine
through ignorance of the law, but was not prosecuted, as he
made ample apology to the Board for the misunderstanding,
and promised to keep him under control until the three
months was up. The dog remained healthy. No further
trouble has resulted from the Boston outbreak, so far as the
commission has been informed.

There were a couple of cases of rabies in Melrose in No-
vember, 1898. One of these was a strange dog, who owned
him or where he came from not being known. He strayed
into a prayer meeting in the Baptist Church one evening, and
bit a woman on the face ; she died about a month later of
hydrophobia. Seeing an account of this case in the daily
papers the last of December was the first intimation the
Cattle Commission had of the presence of this disease in
Melrose. Upon investigation, further particulars were ob-
tained concerning this case, and it was also ascertained that
another dog owned in that town died of what was supposed
to be rabies in November. Two dogs which used to play
with the latter were ordered quarantined, as a matter of pre-
caution ; they were kept in a state of isolation until March
2, when they were released from quarantine, still healthy.
It seems that the tramp dog, which bit the woman in church,
had been noticed for a couple of days in the neighborhood.
After he bit the woman the Baptist minister held him so he
could do no further damage, and handed him over to the
police, who shut him up and then allowed him to escape ; he
then bit a boy, whereupon he was recaptured and shot. After
learning of the danger from the woman's death, the boy went
to New York and took the Pasteur preventive treatment.
The Cattle Commission does not know that the police reported
the suspected case of rabies in the dog to the Melrose board
of health ; if they did, the board of health never reported it

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 83

to the Cattle Commission, as required by law. In this in-
stance, if the animal had been secured when it was noticed
that he was a stray dog acting in a peculiar manner, he might
never have bitten any one. If after biting the woman he had
f been kept secured and the commission notified, he would not
\ have bitten the boy ; and it might have been ascertained that
the dog had rabies and had bitten a person, thus giving her
an opportunity to take the Pasteur-treatment and save her
life, if she decided to do so.

In December, 1898, an outbreak of rabies occurred in
Ipswich, but through ignorance of the law it was not reported
to the commission until Jan. 16, 1899. December 4 a dog
owned in this town acted in a peculiar manner, and was shot
December 7, after biting one or more other dogs. One of
the neighbor's dogs showed symptoms of hydrophobia De-
cember 21 and bit a dog, a horse and a cow. The cow died
of rabies January 12, and was proved to have this disease,
the head being sent to Dr. Frothingham, who inoculated
rabbits with material from her brain, with positive results.
The horse was shot by its owner, as reported to the commis-
sion January 15. The dog said to have been bitten Decem-
ber 21 was held in quarantine until March 16, and then
released, having developed no symptoms of disease. Two
more dogs were quarantined in Ipswich January 21, on ac-
count of this outbreak, but were released, still healthy, March
16, ninety days having expired without any symptoms of
disease having been noticed. March 17 a St. Bernard pup
was reported to the commission from Ipswich as having
rabies, and was ordered killed by a member of the Board, as
apparently suffering from this malady ; but a rabbit test
showed him to have been free from it.

As a result of the appearance of rabies in Ipswich, there
came near being an outbreak on the borders of Wenham and
Hamilton. A rabid dog strayed from Ipswich to the vicinity
of the Myopia Club, where he was killed after biting another
dog, which died March 19, showing symptoms of rabies.
The latter dog's head was cut off and sent to Boston for ex-
amination. The rabbits inoculated by Dr. Frothingham
gave positive results April 18. Two dogs in Hamilton and

84 CATTLE COMMISSIONEKS. [Jan.

six in Wenham were quarantined by the local inspectors as
a matter of precaution, by order of the commission, all of
which were released as healthy June 15.

The head of a cat thought to have been rabid was sent to
Dr. Frothingham from Melrose January 19, but the rabbit
test was negative.

February 7 the head of a fox terrier was sent from Swamp-
scott on suspicion of having had rabies, but the rabbit test
was negative.

April 3 a case of rabies in a dog was reported by the in-
spector of animals in Lowell, but this was not verified by the
rabbit test.

April 5 a dog was quarantined by the local inspector in
Ipswich, on suspicion, but was apparently healthy, and was
released by order of the commission April 13.

June 2 the head of a dog supposed to have been rabid was
sent to the commission from Lynn ; one rabbit and two
guinea pigs gave negative results.

August 18 a head of a dog was sent by the police depart-
ment of Gloucester, but was too much decomposed when it
arrived to be of value ; rabbits inoculated died of septicaemia.
This was a young dog recently taken to Gloucester from
Boston, and there was no reason to believe he had rabies ;
but he bit a policeman, who went to New York and took the
Pasteur treatment as a matter of safety.

August 22 the head of a dog was sent from Lynn ; inocur-
lation tests showed him to have been free from rabies.

September 20 the Worcester papers reported a case of
rabies in a dog in Oxford, stating that he had bitten a horse,
and was shot. Commissioner Herrick went to Oxford Sep-
tember 21 to investigate the matter, and learned that the
dog had been shot and buried. The grave was on the edge
of a pond and was dug at low water, a heavy rain had filled
the pond up so that it was impossible to disinter the remains ;
but the collar was saved, and from this it was learned that
the animal was owned in Worcester. The owner was seen,
and said that he had a collie pup that had been missing for
two or three days, and undoubtedly had strayed away from
home and been shot. As there are no other reports of
rabies from the neighborhood of Worcester, and as there is

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 85

no complaint that the horse has shown any signs of rabies,
it is more than probable that this was not a case of
hydrophobia.

October 24 the head of a dog was sent from Brookline ;
inoculation tests gave negative results.

November 13 the head of a bull terrier was sent from
Swampscott, supposed to have been rabid ; inoculation tests
at date of writing negative. Two pigs bitten by him are
still in quarantine.

November 27 the head of an ownerless dog was sent from
Salem by the board of health, having been shot by a police-
man, on suspicion of having rabies ; results of inoculating
rabbits are still negative.

From this report it will be seen that there has not been a
positive case of rabies reported to the Massachusetts Cattle
Commission since last March, — at least, not a case has been
reported since then that has been proved to have been rabies.
The few suspected cases since have been negative, so far as
this Board has been able to ascertain.

In Lynn two and three years ago cases of rabies among
dogs were frequent, and there had not been a time for a
number of years when an occasional outbreak did not occur.
Many dogs and some people were bitten, entailing quite an
expense upon the latter for the Pasteur preventive treatment,
which they had to go to New York to receive ; and the loss of
at least one life, — that of a police officer who did not real-
ize the danger from the bite of a stray dog until too late.

There has not been a positive case of rabies in Lynn, so far
as is known, since July, 1898 ; in the contiguous town of
Swampscott there has not been a positive case since June of
the same year; and in Salem, which adjoins Swampscott,
there has not been a positive case, so far as this Board is
aware, since February, 1898. This result seems to have
been attained by the co-operation of the boards of health and
inspectors of animals with the Cattle Commissioners, the
efforts of the local authorities being especially commendable
in Lynn and Swampscott. It shows what can be done if
the matter is taken hold of in earnest. In these places sus-
picious cases have been at once reported to the Cattle Com-
mission, and the heads of the do^s which have died or been

86 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

killed have been sent to the laboratory, in order to decide
whether the suspected animal was or was not rabid. Ex-
posed dogs have been quarantined for ninety days, and there
has been a vigorous attempt to enforce the dog-license law,
resulting in the destruction of ownerless and stray dogs. In
Lynn and Swampscott a dog-muzzling order was also adopted
during a portion of the spring and summer of 1898.

The quarantine regulations carried out in other localities
where rabies has appeared seem to have had the desired
effect of checking the spread of the disease. As there has
not been a positive case reported since last March (unless
the one in Lowell in April is considered positive : this was
not verified) , it is to be hoped that this dangerous disorder
is under control, and that it may be kept so. In order to do
this, the dog-license law should be thoroughly enforced in
every city and town, so that every dog will have a respon-
sible owner interested in its welfare, and that this will
lead to the annual destruction of all ownerless or valueless
dogs.

When a case of suspected rabies does occur, it should be
at once reported to the Cattle Commission, and the dog iso-
lated ; or, if it dies, the head should at once be sent, in as
fresh and clean a condition as possible, to the Board for ex-
amination. If a person is bitten, the result can be ascer-
tained in time to inform any one whether the case is positive
and it is necessary to take the Pasteur preventive treatment,
or whether there is no danger, if the fresh head is sent at
once and in good condition.

The bungling methods of police authorities in many cities
and towns is very reprehensible, where dogs are shot and
called mad without reporting the cases to the Cattle Commis-
sion, as required by law, which would take pains to ascertain
whether the case is rabies or not, and, if it proves to be so,
will order the adoption of necessary precautions ; or, on the
other hand, the police sometimes allow a strange, peculiar-
acting dog to go at large without any interference on their
part until it has done some actual damage. The case already
cited as occurring in Melrose is a good example of the kind,
where the carelessness and ignorance of the law and their
duties on the part of the police led to serious results.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 87

As has been stated in a previous report, when possible it
is desirable to chloroform a dog suspected of rabies, as a
bullet tears the brain to pieces and infects it with septic
germs, so that it is often unfit to use for inoculating experi-
mental animals for diagnostic purposes. As dogs may have
brain troubles causing symptoms resembling rabies, it is not
scientific to shoot a peculiar-acting dog and call him mad,
without, if possible, verifying the diagnosis with a rabbit
test, which settles the question beyond all doubt.

Texas Fever.

There have been no cases of Texas fever in Massachusetts
during 1899, but the commission is always on the alert to
prevent any outbreaks during the summer months.

Early in the summer the attention of the board was called
to the fact that cattle were being unloaded from cars from
infected districts at the Brighton Abattoir, at a point where
it has always been customary to unload them for immediate
slaughter ; but, instead of killing them from the pens into
which they were unloaded, as in previous years, they were
driven down a lane back of the pens to another yard. The
following placard was immediately posted upon the street
along which the cattle were driven and in the pens in which
they were yarded : —

Notice.

Attention is hereby called to the following sections of chapter
408 of the Acts of 1899 : —

Section 35. Contagious diseases under the provisions of this act
shall include glanders, farcy, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, tuberculosis,
Texas fever, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, hog cholera, rabies,
anthrax or anthracoid diseases, sheep scab and actinomycosis.

Section 36. Any person who fails to comply with a regulation made
or an order given by the Board of Cattle Commissioners or by any of its
members in the discharge of its or his duty, shall be punished by a fine
not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding
one year.

Section 38. No Texan, Mexican, Cherokee, Indian or other cattle,
which the cattle commissioners decide may spread contagious disease,
shall be driven contrary to any order of the board of cattle commission-
ers, on the streets of any city, town or village, or on any road in this
Commonwealth, or outside the stock yards connected with any railroad
in this Commonwealth.

88 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Section 39. In all stock yards within this Commonwealth said
Texan, Mexican, Cherokee or other Indian cattle, which the cattle com-
missioners decide may spread contagious disease, shall be kept in dif-
ferent pens from those in which other cattle are kept.

Section 40. Any person or persons violating the provisions of the
two preceding sections shall be punished by a fine of not less than
twenty nor more than one hundred dollars.

As these pens and this street are being used for cattle from dis-
tricts infected with Texas fever, the Massachusetts Cattle Com-
missioners forbid the bringing of any neat cattle upon these
premises except those intended for immediate slaughter.

Austin Peters, Chairman,
L. F. Herrick, Secretary /
C. A. Dennen,

Board of Cattle Commissioners.
Boston, June 26, 1899.

Not long after posting this notice a man with three young
cattle, a two-year-old bull, a two-year-old heifer and a year-
ling heifer, two of which were in a wagon, had the wagon
break down near one of the pens used for the quarantined
cattle, and he drove them into it while he took the wagon to
be repaired. When he returned for the cattle his attention
was called to the order on the fence, and he had to have them
killed and take their beef value. This is all the trouble the
commission has had over Texas fever the last year.

Many interesting experiments are being tried at" the agri-
cultural experiment stations in Texas, Missouri and Louisiana*
in connection with the communication of Texas fever, and
immunizing northern cattle of improved breeds when taken
to points in the south for the purpose of improving the native
stock ; but in Massachusetts the main object in connection
with this disease seems to be, for the present at least, to
prevent its introduction during the summer months.

Symptomatic Anthrax.

An outbreak of symptomatic anthrax occurred in the

northern part of Ashburnham in February and early in

March. It was reported to the commission by Dr. O. F.

Lord of Fitchburg, February 28, who wrote as follows: —

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 51. 89

Gentlemen : — I learned from a reliable source that there are
four cases of anthrax or black leg in the herd of John Wright of
Ashburnham. As this is an adjoining town of Fitchburg, and
cattle are liable to come here, I thought I would notify you, so
you might act accordingly and isolate the herd, etc.

Dr. Lord's letter was duly acknowledged, and at the same
time Mr. J. L. Clark, one of the inspectors of animals in
Ashburnham, was written to, to investigate the matter more
fully and inform the commission of the result. March 8 the
following letter was received from the other inspector : —

Ashburnham, Mass.

Dear Sirs : — Mr. J. L. Clark handed me your letter of March
1, and I have been over to Mr. John A. Wright's and examined
the heifer which died last night. The head and neck were swollen,
and the tongue was swollen, and looked as if on the side of the
tongue there had been blisters which had burst, discharging their
contents and leaving a deep sore. The tongue looks very much
inflamed and the cheek under the skin looks black.

Mr. Wright informs me that this makes four that he has lost,
and they all seemed different. One's shoulder was swollen, an-
other's hind legs were swollen, and the other was swollen on the
back. He told me that he had removed them from the rest of the
herd as soon as he found that they were sick. I could not see any
symptoms of gloss- anthrax, blain, black tongue or black leg. I do
not think the disease is caused by exposure or impoverished keep-
ing, for Mr. Wright is a good feeder, and I fail to find any peculiar
odor or atmospheric conditions favored by filth or poor ventilation.
Mr. Wright keeps his barn clean and in good order. I think it
will require your assistance to stop the disease from spreading. I
asked him to leave the heifer where she now is until you can send
a veterinarian to examine her.

Yours truly, C. W. Whitney,

Second Inspector.

After receiving this letter the chairman of the Board ar-
ranged with Dr. Langdon Frothingham to visit the farm
with him March 11. Mr. Whitney met them at the South
Ashburnham station with a sleigh, and with one of the
selectmen drove to Mr. Wright's. The dead heifer referred
to was found in an old hen house, where it had been saved

90 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

for examination. The carcass presented the appearance de-
scribed in Mr. Whitney's letter ; the principal lesion seemed
to be a swelling under the skin of the neck and into adjoin-
ing muscles. Specimens from the neck were removed by
Dr. Frothingham for microscopic examination, who reported
March 14 that the heifer died of symptomatic anthrax.

At the time of the visit of the chairman of the Board and
Dr. Frothingham the other cattle were examined. There
were ten or a dozen cows, a few yearlings and two-year-olds
left, but all seemed healthy, and the temperatures were taken
and none were found to be feverish.

This is a disease peculiar to young cattle, and none of the
mature ones showed symptoms of sickness at any time.

After receiving Dr. Frothingham's report, Mr. Wright
was written to, as follows : —

Boston, March 14, 1899.
Mr. John Wright, Ashbmwham, Mass.

Dear Sir : — Dr. Frothingham informs me that your young
cattle have died of symptomatic anthrax, which is caused by a
spore-producing bacterium. These spores are little seeds in the
germ that produce the disease, and if they get into the system of
another young animal through a cut or scratch it is likely to cause
the trouble to appear in that one. As these spores are very
small and easily spread around, and retain their life for some
time, Dr. Frothingham recommends that you be very particular
about disinfecting the stable where the sick cattle were, also that
there is danger of its spreading through dragging a dead animal,
along the ground ; and that it would be well, if you have not
already done so, to carefully burn the dead animals and sprinkle
chloride of lime along the ground where their carcasses may have
been drawn, also put chloride of lime in the hen house where the
carcass lay that we saw Saturday, or else soak the ground in the
hen house thoroughly with a solution of corrosive sublimate, one
to one thousand parts, and also avoid having the young cattle
go where the carcasses of the dead ones have been dragged over
the ground.

It is not unlikely that, last season having been an unusually wet
one, these germs grew and produced spores which got on some of
the hay which has been cut on low-lying, swampy ground, and
that they have retained their life until the hay was fed this winter.
Of course this is not certain, but a mere suggestion. If there
should be any hay that you are at all suspicious of, as having

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 91

come from swampy ground, perhaps it would be better to burn it
than to feed it to young stock. I hope, however, that you will
not have any more trouble, but think it would be better to take
every precaution possible.

Also avoid taking an animal that is dead along near a brook
which may flow down to a neighbor's farm, as the disease might
be spread in this way to his land.

Yours truly, Austin Peters,

Chairman.

As nothing more has been reported to the commission
concerning this outbreak, it is believed that there were no
more cases.

The Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington prepares
an attenuated virus for protective inoculation for sympto-
matic anthrax or "black leg" in cattle, as does also the
Pasteur Company of Chicago. If any farmer should have
trouble from this disease during the coming year, and will
report the matter at once to the commission, the Board will
obtain a supply of the material for the protective inoculation,
and furnish the services of a veterinarian to see that the
work is properly done. In order to be of value, the out-
break of the disease should be reported immediately, to
allow time to furnish the protective treatment to susceptible
animals before there is an opportunity for them to develop
the malady in a fatal form.

Actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis was added to the list of diseases to be con-
sidered contagious by the last legislature. Under the law
the Cattle Commission has the power to kill animals suffer-
ing from this disease without appraisal or payment. It does
not seem necessary in all cases to order such animals de-
stroyed ; but in advanced cases, where the animal is ema-
ciated and evidently suffering from the diseased condition
of the jaw bone, not only as a result of the pain, but the
inability to eat, also, it seems only an act of humanity to
kill such a creature and forbid the sale of the flesh.

In some cases actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw" may be
associated with tuberculosis in the same animal. Occasion-
ally it is found in the udder, and when located in this organ

92 CATTLE COMMISSIONEES. [Jan.

it causes a nodulated state of the diseased quarter or quar-
ters that presents clinically a condition that it is impossible
to tell from tuberculosis of the mammary gland, the udder
in either case having a hard, nodulated feeling, such as
would be expected to be present in tuberculosis of this
organ. Until the nodules of actinomycosis break and dis-
charge their contents through the milk ducts, there is prob-
ably no danger from the use of the milk from such cows j
after they do, the milk should be looked upon as unsuitable
for human food until more is known about this disease.

Two cases of this character have had the attention of the
Board called to them during the past year. One, a cow at
Salisbury, was killed upon a physical diagnosis of tuberculosis
of the udder ; on post-mortem no lesions were found except
in the udder, and when examined microscopically were
found to be those of actinomycosis. The other occurred in
Arlington. The cow was tested with tuberculin because of
a nodulated udder, and reacted, and when she was killed the
mediastinal glands were tuberculous, and the udder was ap-
parently so to the naked eye ; but when it was subjected to
a microscopic examination the nodules were found to be
actinomycosis, the reaction to tuberculin resulting from the
tuberculous condition of the mediastinal glands, and not be-
cause of the nodulated condition of the udder. Guinea pigs
inoculated with milk from this cow in November, before she
was killed, have as yet developed no evidences of disease of.
any kind.

Four cows have been quarantined by the local inspectors
as having actinomycosis or " lumpy jaw." One in Barn-
stable was killed and found to have tuberculosis associated
with the other malady. Another animal in Attleborough
was killed because she had actinomycosis in an advanced
form. Two other cases, one in Northfield and the other in
Williamstown, were released. The agent of the Board who
examined the Northfield cow reported that the trouble was
due to a diseased tooth ; the other one was but slightly dis-
eased and her owner was given an opportunity to fatten her,
as the public good did not seem to require the immediate
slaughter of the animal.

The most interesting cases of this malady are those where

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 93

it occurs in the udder; but, considering the great infre-
quency of this disease in man, it does not seem probable
that milk can be a source through which it is communicated.

Infectious Mammitis.
Early in June the following letter was received from a
farmer in Tyngsborough, who had a similar trouble in the
summer of 1898 : —

Tyngsborough, Mass., June 10, 1899.
Cattle Commissioners, Boston.

I lost three cows last summer with some disorder of the bag ;

at present I have four that are taken the same way. I can't find

any one that knows anything about it. I would like some one

to come and see about it. Please come to-day. I have only nine

cows in all, and feel quite discouraged.

Respectfully, Paul Kellett.

The matter was referred to Dr. J. M. Parker, asking him
to act as an agent of the Board of Cattle Commissioners, and
he submitted the following report : —

Haverhill, June 12, 1899.

My Dear Doctor : — I went to-day to Paul Kelley's, Tyngs-
borough, and found he lived at Dunstable, about three miles from
Tyngsborough. He has nine cows in all ; four were in the barn.
No. 1 is a Holstein ; she comes in September 1, and has been
giving six or seven quarts of milk. She became sick June 9.
Her temperature is normal, 101|° ; breathing slightly hurried ;
lame and stiff behind, so that she has difficulty in getting up ;
appetite poor ; salivates a good deal. The right hind quarter of
the udder is slightly swollen and red in color ; milk secretion
almost entirely suspended ; and from the affected quarter there is
a flow of watery fluid, containing floculi of lymph.

Cow in stall No. 3 is also Holstein ; comes in September 15 ;
has been giving about six quarts of milk ; has fair appetite ; tem-
perature 103° ; udder red, swollen, hard and sensitive ; milk
secretion practically stopped ; two hind quarters secrete watery
fluid ; taken sick about June 7.

Cow in stall No. 5, Holstein, comes in about the end of Sep-
tember ; has been giving eight or nine quarts ; gives no milk ;
udder swollen, tender and red ; from two hind quarters secretes
watery fluid; temperature, 101°; breathing hurried, about 48;
eating fairly well ; taken sick about June 8.

94 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Cow in stall No. 8, temperature, 102° ; breathing fast ; scour-
ing ; very lame behind ; both hind limbs swollen ; not much appe-
tite ; had been giving about six or seven quarts of milk ; both hind
quarters of udder swollen, red and tender ; secreting watery fluid.

In all the udder seems to be the centre of infection. Last
summer he had three affected in the same way as these ; there
was finally gangrene and sloughing of parts. He describes the
tissue of the udder as being black. I called it "infective masti-
tis." I instructed him to cleanse and disinfect his barn, to give
his cows a dose of salts, and advised him to feed light; prescribed
peroxide of hydrogen for injection in the udder, with external
applications of belladonna and camphor ointment. I also advised
separation of the well cows from those affected.

If you care to have Frothingham examine milk, I will send you
sample. No sores on udder.

Yours truly, John M. Parker.

Swine Diseases.

There was very little complaint of diseases among swine
during 1899. The outbreak at Lanesborough, spoken of at
the time of writing the last report, was investigated by Com-
missioner O'Connell. There were 17 animals quarantined,
with three owners; one owner had 1, one 10 and another 8
swine. The single pig died before January 22, the other
sick ones were recovering and were released January 24.

January 17, 3 swine were quarantined in West Newbury
as having hog cholera. Commissioner Parker investigated
this outbreak, and learned that 3 pigs had previously died ;
he killed 1 of the quarantined animals and ordered the other

2 killed.

March 1, a case of hog cholera was reported in a pig that
died at Hard wick. The nature of the disease was discovered
on post-mortem by Dr. Switzer, and specimens sent Dr.
Frothingham for examination were lesions of hog cholera.

March 1, 5 swine were quarantined by the inspector of
Fall River on suspicion of having tuberculosis, but inves-
tigation by a member of the Board found 2 pigs sick and

3 healthy. These pigs were fed city swill, and either had
hog cholera or swine plague. They were released from
quarantine April 26.

May 30, 53 swine were quarantined in Lowell as having
hog cholera; they were visited by an agent of the Board

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 95

twice, and the changing of food and surroundings showed an
improvement, and they were released June 28.

October 13, the inspector of North Adams quarantined 17
pigs as having hog cholera ; an agent of the Board found
them suffering from an infectious fever of some kind ; 14
young pigs died, 3 old ones recovered and were released
from quarantine November 27.

October 9, the inspector of Shelburne reported a case of
hog cholera in a pig that died, but there seems to have been
no further outbreak in this connection.

November 13, 2 swine were quarantined by the inspector
of Swampscott because they were bitten by a dog suspected
of having rabies ; these have already been mentioned in the
portion of the report relating to rabies.

December 9 , the inspector of Beverly quarantined 26 swine,
on suspicion of having hog cholera. This outbreak was in-
vestigated by an agent of the Board, and a pig killed and
sent to Dr. Frothingham on post-mortem presented the ap-
pearance of hog cholera. Another pig that was sick was
killed by a neighbor's dog. The rest seemed to be recover-
ing, December 28, as a result of changing their food from
city swill to grain, putting them in new pens, and separating
the diseased from the healthy. They were released Decem-
ber 29.

Another outbreak among a herd of 23 head in Colrain is
still in charge of an agent of the Board. This case is evi-
dently traceable to feeding swill from hotels.
t It will be seen from what has been stated that the course
pursued in these outbreaks is to quarantine the swine, for-
bidding the owner to sell or buy any until his premises are
again free from disease, and advising a change of food, or
boiling the swill, new pens, and separating the sick from the
healthy. This seems to be about all that there is to do at
present, and the results appear to be fairly satisfactory.

Swine diseases do not seem to be as important in Massa-
chusetts, where the animals are kept in small lots and closely
confined, as they are in the west, where pigs run in adjoin-
ing pastures in large herds, and sick pigs on a stream pollute
the water supply and lead to the infection of those lower
down the water course. In some sections of the west, such

96 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

as Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, swine diseases
are very important, and cause losses of hundreds of thou-
sands of dollars annually.

The Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States
Department of Agriculture is experimenting at the present
time in an attempt to produce a serum for the protective
inoculation of swine with hog cholera and swine plague,
and trials made with the serums so far produced seem to
have been quite successful; but so far the production
of these serums has been rather expensive, and more re-
searches will be required before arriving at an established
basis.

Dr. A. T. Peters, of the Nebraska Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, is working to produce an attenuated germ of
hog cholera to use for a preventive inoculation, but his re-
sults are not yet definite.

A cause of confusion with the contagious swine diseases
that are commonly spoken of as ' ' hog cholera " is that there
are two distinct infectious diseases of swine ; either may be
met with, especially in the east. One is hog cholera, the
other swine plague ; an outbreak may be one disease alone,
or the two diseases may be associated in the same pig. In
using a preventive virus or serum, it will first be necessary
when the disease appears to decide which has to be dealt
with, or whether both are present. Many times this cannot
be positively decided upon unless the germs are isolated and
cultivated, in order to see whether the organisms of one or
the other or of both diseases are present.

Hog cholera is more a specific disease of the pig than
swine -plague ; the former is confined to swine alone, while
the latter seems to be more of an infectious pneumonia due
to a germ found in putrifying swill, and may be communi-
cated to sheep and lambs, calves and perhaps horses.

If the Board were in a position to do more for the farmer
in helping him to prevent or limit outbreaks of contagious
disease among swine, it is possible more reports would be
received relating to them ; as it is, it would appear that
these diseases have not prevailed to any very alarming ex-
tent during the past year.

1900.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 51. 97

As has been said in previous reports, tuberculosis is not
an infrequent disease among swine raised in Massachusetts,
and is most frequently met with in pigs kept in cellars under
cow barns on farms where tuberculosis exists in the cattle.
It is not a source of great loss, as pigs are usually so young
when killed that the lesions are not extensive, and it is only
occasionally that one is condemned as unfit for food at the
time of slaughter.

Other Diseases.

In addition to the diseases mentioned above, the commis-
sion has been called upon twice to investigate what were
thought to be outbreaks of contagious disease, but which
proved not to be.

June 12 a telephone message was received from the select-
men of Southborough that some of the cows in a herd were
sick, and that poisoning was suspected ; that an officer of the
district police was investigating the matter, but they thought
the Cattle Commission should investigate it also. The chair-
man and secretary immediately went to Southborough, and
saw a herd of some 60 cows. Several had been sick and 1
had died, but the sick were improving. Samples of milk
from a sick cow, taken by the commission and examined by
Dr. Chas. Harrington of Boston, were found not to contain
poison. Vomitus from a sick cow, taken by the State police
and analyzed in Worcester, contained no common poison.
As the summer was very dry and the pastures bare, it is
probable the cows taken sick had eaten some weed or shrub
that poisoned them, although what the plant was has not
been determined.

Another case of poisoning reported to Mr. Herrick and
investigated for him by C. A. Fenner occurred in Sutton, in
July. Sunday, July 16, between four and five o'clock in the
afternoon, 4 horses were turned out to grass on the grounds
about the house, and all remained out until about nine o'clock,
when 3 of the horses were put in the stable, 1 remaining out
all night. Monday, July 17, about ten o'clock in the morn-
ing, 1 of the horses was noticed to be badly bloated, and
discharging a white substance from the mouth and nostrils.
The other 3 horses were found to be in the same condition,

98 CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. [Jan. 1900.

and 1 died on the afternoon of the same day. The remain-
ing 3 have so far recovered as to he able to do light work.
No evidence of any contagious disease has been discovered.
It is the opinion of Mr. Marsh that the horses were poisoned
in the stable during the night of July 16. He believes that
strychnine was put in the mangers, and that the horses ate
it with their grain in the morning.

Respectfully submitted,

AUSTIN PETERS, Chairman,
LEANDER F. HERRICK, Secretary,
CHARLES A. DENNEN,

Board of Cattle Commissioners.