FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Board of Sheep Commissioners OF THE STATE OF MONTANA. 1901. CONTAINING ALSO Governor's Quarantine Proclamation of 1902, Rules for the Guidance of Deputy Sheep Inspectors, Grazing Areas on Railroads for Sheep Transported Through the State, Directions for Preparing Sheep Dips, Laws Relating to Sheep Inspection. Montana Sheep Men and Breeders Elsewhere Should Read the New Sheep Quarantine Proclamation on Page 15. Get your Rams into the State before Sept. 1st, 1902, for Dipping and 90 day Quarantine if they are to be used next December. 'INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING COMPANY, HELENA, MONTANA.' 3 0864 1006 5229 9 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Board of Sheep Commissioners OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 1901 T. C. POWER, President CORNELIUS HEDGES, Secretary HELENA, MONTANA Helena, Montana: Independent Publishing Company. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/annualreportofbo1901mont ANNUAL REPORT OF State Board of Sheep Commissioners, 1901. Helena, Montana, November 18, 1901. To His Excellency, HON. JOSEPH K. TOOLE, Governor of Montana: Dear Sir: — Herewith I have the honor to hand you the Fifth Annual Report of the State Board of Sheep Commissioners for the year ending November 30, 1901. PERSONNEL OF THE BOARD. The following commissioners appointed by your Excellency as members of the State Board of Sheep Commissioners for the term beginning March 7, 1901, have qualified by taking the prescribed oath of office: James P. Murray, Beaverhead County. R. H. Clendenin, Broadwater County. David Smethurst, Carbon County. C. B. Toole, Choteau County. Frank D. O'Neill, Custer County. William Lindsay, Dawson County. David Hilger, Fergus County. John F. Work, Gallatin County. T. C. Power, Lewis and Clarke County. S. R. Buford, Madison County. D. E. Folsom, Meagher County. David McGillvray, Rosebud County. James Vestal, Sweet Grass County. W. K. Flowerree, Teton County. L. H. Mills, Valley County. P. B. Moss, Yellowstone County. Total number, 16. The new law requiring all officials receiving appointments from 4 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT the Governor to have a commission from the Secretary of State, for which a fee of five dollars is charged, was not understood 05* many of the commissioners and quite a number felt disinclined to qualify, inasmuch as they are prohibited by law from receiv- ing any compensation other than actual expenses incurred in at- tendance on annual meetings. It would seem proper in the opin- ion of this Board if members of state boards, who receive no compensation, had been made exempt from the payment of this fee. No meeting of the new Board for organization has been held, there being no special matters of importance requiring atten- tion. The early spring months are a critical period for the flockmaster and several members of the Board asked that no meeting be held if it could be avoided. President Power being satisfied that there v/as no legal impediment, decided not to call a special meeting of the Board for the purpose of organization. This matter has therefore been deferred to the annual meeting, which will be held on Monday November i8tfi, 1901. CHANGE OF DATE IN ANNUAL MEETING. The law creating the Board of Sheep Commissioners merely re- quires that one meeting a year must be held, leaving the matter of fixing the date to the Board itself. In accordance therewith the Board by standing regulation has fixed the first Monday in December as such date. The regular date of meeting this year would have occurred December 2nd, which date would con* flict with the meeting of the National Live Stock Association, which some of the members desired to attend. Without ob- jection, therefore, President T. C. Power, decided to fix a day two weeks earlier, Nov. 18th, upon which date the annual meet- ing will be held. INSPECTORS. The former deputy sheep inspectors have in most cases con- tinued in service under the new Board, with the following new appointments : D. A. Smith of Hinsdale, was appointed Deputy Sheep In- spector for Valley County and qualified April 30, 1901. Former Inspector John F. Patterson of Choteau County re- signed on April 20th, 1901, and James F. Freeman of Chinook was STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 5 appointed by Commissioner C. B. Toole, as his successor, and qualified May n, 1901. For the new county of Rosebud, Andrew Tadsen of Forsyth, was named as inspector and took the oath of office on July 22, 1901. There are vacancies in a number of counties which it is ex- pected will be filled at the forthcoming annual meeting. ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1900. The printing of the annual report for 1900 was considerably delayed owing to tardiness in getting the statistics desired, and further by my enforced absence from the state on account of sick- ness.. The report as issued contained the new Quarantine Proclama- tion issued by the Governor, January 19, 1901 ; the new bounry law passed at the last session of the legislature ; the grazing areas where sheep being shipped through the state may be unloaded and fed, and the directions for preparing sheep dips as prepared by Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian, at the request of the Board. Each year we endeavor to embody new matters oi general in- terest to the woolgrowers of the state, and with the general dis-» tribution of these reports which the Board has adopted, they ought to be of practical value to the individual owners if read and preserved. EXPENDITURES. The warrants drawn against the Sheep Inspector and Indemn- ity Fund of the state from Nov. 30th, 1900 to date aggregate $2,307.20, divided as follows : Commissioners' expenses $ 270.95 Inspection and treatment 964.80 Stationery and incidentals 521.45 Secretary's salary 550.00 $2,307.20 To the above should be added the bills for the present month which have just gone to the State Board of Examiners for ap- proval, amounting, with one on hand and unpaid, to $210.90, con- siderably less than for the previous year. A saving of several hundred dollars was effected by the omission of an extra meet^ ing for organization of the new Board. 6 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT MEETING OF NATIONAL WOOLGROWERS' ASSOCIATION. The meeting of the National Woolgrowers' Association at Salt Lake City, January legist, 1901, was thought of sufficient importance to make an extra effort to have representatives pres- ent from Montana, and in accordance with the vote of the Board at the last annual meeting the President appointed the following woolgrowers to represent Montana in the association : John F. Work, of Bozeman ; E. E. Leech, of Dupuyer ; F. D. Cooper, of Cascade ; H. H. Nelson, of Cascade, and P. H. Poindexter, of Dil- lon. President T. C. Power made the sixth member of the dele- gation. The meeting was noteworthy for assembling the first time in its history west of the Mississippi River. The northwest was further honored by the selection of Senator Francis E. War- ren, of Wyoming as President. LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. It has often been commented on that our woolgrowers have been slow to appreciate the value of organization to accomplish the best results in matters affecting the industry. During the past year this error has been remedied in what we believe will prove a most effectual manner by the organization of two strong woolgrowers' associations, one called the Northern Montana Woolgrowers' Association, organized at Great Falls ; and the other with headquarters at Billings and called the Cen- tral Montana Woolgrowers' Association. The high character and standing of the men at the head of the new organizations be- speaks a vigorous existence for them, efficient for the accomplish- ment of much good. It is expected that the woolgrowers of the state will generally ally themselves with these new organiza- tions. POISONOUS PLANTS. At the last annual meeting of our Board request was ordered to be sent to Senator Thomas H. Carter enlisting his efforts in securing the publication of an additional number of the govern- ment bulletins on Poisonous Plants prepared by Dr. E. V. Wilcox and Prof. V. K. Chestnut, of the Department of Agriculture. The matter was taken up very promptly by Senator Carter and as a result 10,000 additional copies were printed for distribution. The department very kindly offered to mail copies to our individual STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 7 sheep owners if such a list were supplied them. The list was prepared and sent and on June 12th, 1901 we were advised by Prof. Frederick V. Coville, Botanist of the Department of Agri- culture, that copies of this bulletin had been sent out to the thou- sand woolgrowers of this state. ANTIDOTES. It will be of interest to woolgrowers to know that antidotes have been discovered in several instances for the poisoning from these noxious weeds. Prof. Emil Starz of this city has prepared the antidote — ozonine, in the form of tablets, which can be car- ried in the pockets of a herder and thus a ready remedy is pro- vided. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. In making report at this time it must at best be but a partial one, awaiting the return from the sheep owners of statistical blanks, for only on these can any satisfactory report be based. There are, however, some general features worthy of comment on the results already assured. The season may be said to have been a moderately prosperous one to sheep growers. There has been very little disease among our sheep, thanks to our vigilant inspectors. The wool crop was of average quality and undoubtedly of greater amount, one local paper estimating it at thirty-five mil- lion pounds. It was generally sold at home, in strong contrast to the record of the previous year, when about one-half was consigned on com- mission. The price paid, though not much above the cost of production, and for much of it but slightly above the nominal tariff on foreign wool, was decidedly better than in 1900. The railroads prepare themselves and naturally desire to ship the wool soon after shearing and if stored at home, for which there are no adequate accommodations, it must be held over till an- other shipping season. The alternative is to sell at home at once at the best price of- fered, or to consign to eastern commission men. It is believed that the average price for the entire clip of the state was above 12 cents. The disadvantages to which our people are subjected are many, and we cannot expect to overcome them all at once. Some 8 FIFTH ANNUAL REFORlT of these face us at home. Free range is fast disappearing and the expenses of purchasing or leasing land and fencing it, are heavy. It takes exceptionally good management for the wool- grower in Montana to make a profit with wool less than 15 cents a pound. It seems as if wool could be scoured at home as is done in the middle states and thus save the freight on the dirt and grease. Certainly, as our growers are compelled to own and fence their ranges, it will be better to look more at the quality than at the quantity of the sheep raised. There is no insuperable difficulty to most sheep men to raise grain and alfalfa so that the sheep may be fattened or much in- creased in weight and fleece at home. Of course if we could manufacture our wool at home there would be an immense sav- ing. It is a source of some pride and satisfaction to record that the experiment has been made and that there is one woolen mill at Big Timber in successful operation. There is room and power in Montana for a thousand such mills. To encourage the in- troduction of such mills, the state could well afford to exempt them from taxation for a short term of years. ARGENTINE TREATY. It is reported that the proposed reciprocity treaty with Ar- gentina, which was to bring us into ruinous competition with the product of that country at a reduced rate of duty, has been given up. But these rumors may be only to divert attention and weaken opposition. We know that a lively fight is going on to reduce the duty on hides. SHODDY.. There is one enemy that we have to contend with in which we ought to have on our side universal public opinion until an adequate remedy is found and applied — that is the use of shoddy. We know that this country produces no more than half the wool that is consumed in our mills. Neither are the imports from abroad able to account for the deficiency. From whence comes the balance? The only possible answer is that it is shoddy. Woolen rags in all stages of degeneracy are gathered up, de- odorized, disinfected and run through the deviling machine to STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 9 reduce to shreds and the product mixed with some good wool, more or less, and put on the markets as all wool goods. It is an adulteration and a fraud. While it may add to the bulk, it detracts from the quality of the goods. It is not an innocent fraud like the use of cotton-seed oil and animal fat in the manu- facture of butter. Shoddy is vile, rotten stuff after all the cleansing processes to which it is subjected. If the truth about it were known, public opinion would run riot to suppress so in- famous a fraud that dares face the light of day. The general government should be moved to provide protection against this cheat. No one knows how much of such stuff is in use. Some one has reckoned it at 39,000,000 pounds. It may be twice as much. Our industry, one of the oldest and most useful in existence, is beset by secret as well as open enemies and some at home as well as abroad. Not only constant vigilance, but united- aggressive action is demanded. Are we ready to pay the price? CONCLUSION. In conclusion the Board desires to renew its expressions of thanks for the cordial co-operation and assistance rendered the sheep industry by Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian, in the matter of the detection and suppression of disease. Competent and active deputy inspectors could do much to relieve his la- bors and, so far as possible, it is the duty of our sheep commis- sioners to select such men for inspectors in the various counties. To look after the health conditions of more than 4,000,000 head of sheep valued at more than ten million dollars is no light responsibility. The best endeavors of the Board should be con- secrated to the continuance of the present favorable sanitary conditions. Very respectfully yours, CORNELIUS HEDGES, Secretary State Board of Sheep Commissioners. 10 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT £ o U . 5 ON Advance per Lb Received for Woo Consigned :^ |no 0 • • • N • O No. of Lbs. of Wool Consigned 0 . 1 : . 1 s§ On 8 ■l Ino . 1^ . N ;! i I < 1 00 On I m . : :§ : : i I Price Received for Wool per Lb 00 ; « ^ : 00 NO No. of Lbs. of Wool Sheared Since 03 O O wifl-CO ONOQNOOQ COOOOOO>NOOO>GOOftOOO & q_ 0 0 q_ 0 t-» q_ 0^00 0^ o_ 0 - of vomovo md no'oo ^^f o"wn *Aoo f*3 t>- N ON LOGO « IO 00 TlflUlf N f3^N ui On ~ 88 0. 0 o"oo OOOOOOMnOO COO C O O Q M M O 0_nO^ o__ q_ 0 m 0 ONOO" C ir) O O On 0" 5 O iono On « 00 tNO NO VON00 OOO NO N On Price Received for 0 v^jn^) • 000000 oboo i- • i> • : ; uiwx) j it j No. of Lbs. of Pelts Sold Since March i 1901 0 O OOO NO.. OOOO u->ir> • • O^ O O^CO t£ t£ . . fTindb o~no" '. ', -> 1; :1 • 2* II • O On . O N • ONO^ . N ON I • NO O ONf . -H Q 0 i ■ co f q 1 ; 00 06" in - 5 • O • O • f ! CO IO 00" No. of Lambs and Sheep Slaughtered, Sold and Shipped Out of State Since §_^8 8 O^vO^OC O »/) ON r^Ng" U- I &; 00" c xr Q00 . :nS § 1^ *2"Rn#: D . D • 00 NO no" NO^ No. Lambs Docked Since March 1, 1901. OOOONffltOO'fl . 0 x^ °~ Q ^ "t0^ lCvcl ' 06" 00 iflf?dNO\M'o' ', 00 - WX> ro Tj-00 O . O O O O 10 O OOOO 0 o_ioi>. o_oo c »MN rood* C « CO 1-1 -. No Sheep Brought Into State From Other States Since 88 O tM 30 « 000 0 . 00 t£ O • ; * rooo" : O . ^ : .000 . . • O rc O • • . N ON • • . O . . . CM . • 0 On No. of sheep on hand March 1, 1901. g O^ O CJ ^OO^ in ?f no" h - M « NO no" o oF^C^ -Eh os WW STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 11 TABLE NO 2. Showing Health Conditions and Items of General Interest Con- cerning Montana Sheep. Compiled from Reports of Sheep Commissioners for 1901. QUESTIONS SUBMITTED. 1. Give the general health and condition of flocks in your county. 2. Give the general details of any scab or other infectious dis- ease existing in your flocks during the period from March 1st, 1901 to December 31st, 1901. 3. Remarks and general information relative to the industry. ANSWERS RECEIVED. BEAVERHEAD COUNTY— Good. There were a few cases (scab) developed in the spring but it is believed to be pretty well eradicated. Out of a wool clip of 1,231,000 lbs. 742,532 were sold and the balance consigned. BROADWATER COUNTY— No disease of any kind. Sheep are in fine condition. Owners are not in favor of leasing the public domain. Wool crop was in excellent condition. CARBON COUNTY— Good. There is no infectious disease whatsoever. The general complaint is that the range is over crowded. CASCADE COUNTY— Good without exception. One com- pany report considerable loss during the summer months from poisonous weeds. CHOTEAU COUNTY— The general health of flocks in this county and their condition is as good as could be desired, owing largely, to the almost unprecedented condition of the range, and weather. No hay has been required up to the present date, Dec. 23d. In one locality near Chinook and thereabouts, there have been during the year a number of cases of scab, and unfortunately, there now exists a number of such cases, in some instances origi-* nating among herds never before having been affected, and in other cases relapsing after the band had been declared free of the disease. The Deputy Inspector has made the most strenuous efforts to control and subdue the scab, but thus far his efforts have been met with only partial success. It is claimed by many that the 12 ^IFTH ANNUAL REPORT present condition of bands referred to is largely due, or contrib- uted to, by a failure of co-operation in quarantine measures. While others claim that sheep have been released from quaran- tine at a stage when it is quite impossible to determine their en- tire freedom from disease. The concensus of opinion is that the disease has been ably and energetically handled but unfortunate conditions arose which were quite difficult to control. The peo- ple of Choteau County are now looking forward to a speedy con- trol of this matter, as Dr. Knowles, State Veterinarian, has found time, from his other arduous duties, and is now in the field with the intention of inaugurating the most approved treatment, as well as the most rigid requirements of quarantine- conditions. It is sincerely to be hoped that under these conditions, that ali parties in this locality, will afford him their entire co-operation in maintaining the most rigid discipline, and doing all in their power to subdue and eradicate this the most disastrous and ex- pensive disease known to sheep husbandry. In consideration of the above condition, and that the sheepmen of this vicinity are more thoroughly aroused to the great import- ance of the matter, I would urge that the executive officers of the State Board will continue in their efforts, rendering all possible assistance, to abbreviate the existence of this great plague. CUSTER COUNTY— Excellent. DAWSON COUNTY— No scab or other disease in the county. Range conditions are the most favorable and our sheep are in the best condition of any season for the past fifteen years. DEER LODGE COUNTY— No commissioner. There is only one band of "sheep in the county since the creation of Powell County. FERGUS COUNTY— "THE banner Sheep County of the United States." Health conditions — Splendid and range conditions excep- tional. No scab or other infectious or contagious diseases. By a comparison of previous reports issued relative to the sta- tistics furnished, it may be remarked that the season of 1901 was exceptional, as compared with the season of 1900, in that, nearly one-half of the wool grown in Fergus County during the season of 1900 was consigned to eastern commission houses, while the season of 1901 shows that very little wool was consigned. This is largely due to the fact, that from what I have been able to learn STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 13 the prices netted on the wool consigned last year, were on awhole, very unsatisfactory, and they realized on an average much less than those that sold at home. The average received, for the wool clip of 1901 of this county, is lower than last year, when com- pared with the wool that was really sold; but, I am satisfied if a comparison could be made, with amount received for wool last year, sold and consigned, that the prices realized for 1901 are better than a year ago. Notwithstanding the fact that there is a tendency to close out many of the smaller holdings in this county, owing to a rapid settlement of a portion of the sheep- grazing section, still the aggregate of sheep on hand is surpris- ingly large. It is quite evident that question No. 4 is not understood by the average woolgrower in making out the reports, and it may be due in part, to their misunderstanding, as to whether the sheep that they have sold, are shipped out of the State, or only out of the county, to be fed in some other part of the State. Quite a large number of lambs have been brought up in Fer- gus county, and are being fed on alfalfa in the vicinity of Bil-* lings. Tjiose are undoubtedly reported as sold or shipped out of the state since March 1st, 1901. However, as my method of computation is the same, it shows quite an increase in the number of sheep sold and shipped out of the county. There is a decrease in the number of sheep destroyed by wolves and coyotes during the past year, and it. is evident that the bounty law is doing much toward reducing these wild and sheep-destroying animals. FLATHEAD COUNTY— No Sheep Commissioner and but few sheep for butchering purposes. GALLATIN COUNTY— Good. GRANITE COUNTY— No disease. JEFFERSON COUNTY— No disease. LEWIS AND CLARKE COUNTY— Health conditions good. One owner reports some trouble from loco weed; another lost largely from careless herder. MADISON COUNTY— Very good. All flocks clean and healthy. MEAGHER COUNTY— Sheep are in fine condition. The scab which has been present in one company's bands for several years is believed to be stamped out. 14 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT The following are the views of individual growers on various subjects on the sheep industry: One grower says that while prices were all we could expect that the profits are smaller on account of having to own so much land, while taxes are high. Another regards the past season as discouraging; the price of wool low and light demand for. mutton and feeders. A third owner says industry is not remunerative with wool less than 16 cents, or lambs less than $2.00. A fourth party thinks the bounty on coyotes and wolves should be $7.50 apiece. "I think the business will prosper if no reduction is made in the wool tariff, but a prohibitive duty should be placed on all substitutes," says another. Another large owner says that it has been a very successful' year, all things considered, and have never known sheep to be in better condition at this time of the year (in late autumn.) MISSOULA COUNTY— No report. Has but very few sheep. PARK COUNTY— No disease of any kind reported. Pas- tures are good and sheepmen as a rule are well fixed for hay and do not fear a hard winter. POWELL COUNTY— Very good. No disease of any nature reported for past year. RAVALLI COUNTY— No report and comparatively few sheep. ROSEBUD COUNTY— No report. The number of the sheep in this county is steadily increasing. SIVER BOW COUNTY— Lost some sheep with scab of the face in June and July. Two bunches of a thousand head of ewes each have been brought into this county lately with the intention of trying the business. SWEET GRASS COUNTY— Seventeen owners report trouble from the loco weed, one owner estimating his loss at 500 head; another at 400 head. Regarding loco one owner says he has noticed that sheep run in smaller bands are less susceptible to it than in large bands. Another says, "the loco puzzles me." It affects lambs and yearlings most disastrously. Two owners report losses from lupine, reaching in one in- stance as high as 200 head. STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 15 No other disease reported. TETON COUNTY— No disease reported. VALLEY COUNTY — Two cases of scab were reported in the county in April. Both are clean. One owner reports losing five lambs from black leg. Otherwise all sheep reported healthy. YELLOWSTONE COUNTY— No report. SHEEP QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION— 1902. State of Montana, Executive Office, Helena, Montana, May 27, 1902. Whereas, Under the provisions of an act of the Legislative As- sembly of the State State of Montana, entitled : "An Act to Pro- vide for the appointment of a State Veterinary Surgeon, and to suppress and prevent dissemination of infectious diseases among domestic animals," it is made my duty, whenever I shall have good reason to believe that any disease covered by this Act has become epizootic in certain localities in other States or Territor- ies, or that conditions exist that render Rams, Ewes, Lambs, Wethers or Stock Sheep liable to convey disease, that I shall thereupon, by proclamation, schedule such localities and prohibit from them the importation of Rams, Ewes, Lambs, Wethers and Stock Sheep into this State, except under such restrictions as I, after consultation with the Veterinary- Surgeon may deem proper; and, Whereas, I have reasons to believe that conditions exist which render the class of sheep herein designated Rams, Ewes, Lambs, Wethers or Stock Sheep when brought into this state liable to convey the disease known as "Scab" and other contagious or in- fectious diseases, it is hereby ordered that all Rams, Ewes, Lambs, Wethers or Stock Sheep imported into the State of Mon- tana from any State or Territory of the United States, or For- eign Countries whatsoever, must, when shipped, be loaded at point of starting, into properly disinfected car or cars, and ship- ped in such properly disinfected car or cars into this State, where, upon arrival at the State line of Montana, or the closest available point thereto where the sheep are to be unloaded to be driven to destination in the State, and before being turned upon the public domain or upon private premises, and all Rams, Ewes, Lambs, Wethers or Stock Sheep driven into or through any por-» 16 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT tion of the State from any adjoining State or Country avoiding all quarantine yards or areas, shall be held at such point or points as may be hereinafter designated and there dipped under the supervision of the State Veterinarian through the Deputy Sheep Inspector of the County into which the sheep are to remain, and said sheep shall be dipped in some recognized and reliable dip known to be efficient in the cure^of Scab, twice, the second dip to occur within ten days, or between ten and twelve days after the first dipping. After sufficient time has elapsed from the last dipping, if in the opinion of the Deputy Sheep Inspector herein designated, or the State Veterinarian, said sheep are found free from disease, they may under proper restrictions be then con-* veyed to the range on which they are to be kept, providing that these regulations shall not in any way interfere with the ninety days' quarantine prescribed by law, if in the judgment of the Deputy Sheep Inspector or the State Veterinarian it is necessary to detain such sheep after they have been dipped. The above shall apply only to all sheep intended for detention or ownership within the State of Montana to be fed and grazed upon the pubj lie domain and private property. This proclamation must not be construed excepting as above written. The State Veterinarian or Deputy Sheep Inspectors throughout the State are hereby ordered to carry out the intent of this proclamation to the letter. This proclamation is issued pursuant to the resolutions adopt- ed at a meeting of the State Board of Sheep Commissioners at their annual meeting on December 2, 1901, which said resolutions are in words and figures as follows, to-wit : "Whereas reports have come from members of the Sheep Com- mission of the State of Montana that the quarantine regulations of the Proclamation of the Governor of Montana, issued January 19, 1901, is not being strictly complied with and is in some cases construed as giving discretionary powers to the Sheep Inspectors as to enforcing the ninety day quarantine regulations. Be it Resolved, By the Board of Sheep Commissioners of the State of Montana in convention assembled : That we request the Governor of the State of Montana to issue another proclamation explicitly commanding the Sheep Inspect- ors to rigidly enforce the provisions of said proclamation and see that every sheep brought into this State shall be dipped twice, and kept in quarantine for a period of ninety days at the State STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 17 line or at the point of destination if brought in by railroad." In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the great Seal of the State of Montana to be affixed at the City of Helena, the Capital of said State, this Twenty-Seventh day of May, A. D. One Thousand Nine Hundred and Two. (Seal) J. K. TOOLE. By the Governor : GEO. M. HAYS, Secretary of State. EXPLANATORY. In order that the foregoing sheep quarantine proclamation may be fully understood, we desire to explain that its object is to prevent the use of any than absolutely clean rams for breeding purposes in Montana. The outbreak of scab in one locality in this state is directly traceable to the importation and use of rams4 which proved to be affected with scab. Under this proclamation, issued by the Governor in accord- ance with law, it will be necessary for rams which are to be, used during the approaching breeding season in December, 1902, to be in the state 90 days prior to that time, which would make it on or about September 1st, 1902. They must not only be in the state by that time, but must be reported promptly to the deputy sheep inspector of the county of destination so as to be dipped promptly and placed in the required ninety day quarantine. Under no circumstances can they be released and used before the expiration of this period. A list of the county inspectors will be found on the last page of this pamphlet to whom imported sheep must be reported for inspection. This report will be distributed as widely as possible- to Montana sheep owners and eastern breeders so that all con- cerned may be fully advised. Further copies will be sent to anyone upon application to the secretary. To avoid trouble get your imported rams into Montana and have them dipped and inspected on or before September 1st, 1902, CORNELIUS HEDGES, Secretary. July 10, 1902. Helena, Montana. 18 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT RULES FOR THE GUIDANCE OF DEPUTY SHEEP INSPECTORS. FIRST DUTIES OF INSPECTORS. 1. In first inspection examine carefully for scab, foot-rot, and (aptha) sore-mouth. If unusual symptoms are shown with which you are not familiar, place sheep in close quarantine and send for State Veterinarian. GOVERNOR'S QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION TO BE OBSERVED. 2. Always carry out the provisions of the Governor's Quar- antine Proclamation for the current year. INQUIRE WHETHER SHEEP INSPECTED ARE IM- PORTED OR DOMESTIC. 3. In making inspections the Inspector must ascertain whether or not the sheep examined are domestic or imported ; if imported, from what state, territory, or foreign country the ship- ment originates. INSPECTION CHARGES PAYABLE BY OWNER. 4. If the sheep inspected are imported into the county from outside of Montana, the Inspector must collect all charges and expenses of inspection, dipping, etc., from the owner, agent, or person in charge of such sheep, as provided in Section 3038, of the Political Code. Such inspection charges are a lien upon the sheep under the law, and the failure of the owner or person in charge to report such sheep for inspection is also punishable by law. INSPECTION CHARGES PAYABLE BY THE STATE. 5. If the sheep inspected have been permanently located in Montana, the charges for the first inspection and, in case of disease, for last inspection and release from quarantine, in one season, are the only proper items' chargeable against the state fund. In such cases all other expenses, including those for dipping and supervising the dipping -of such sheep, are chargeable to the owner, agent, or person in charge of the sheep, as provided in Section 3033 of the Political Code. STATE BOARD SHEER COMMISSIONERS. 19 SHEEP MOVED FROM ONE COUNTY TO ANOTHER SHOULD HAVE CERTIFICATES. 6. Sheep going from one. county to another within the state should be accompanied with clean bills of health from the in- spector of the county in which they originate. INSPECTIONS TO BE MADE UPON RELIABLE INFOR- MATION. 7. Inspections are to be made only upon reliable information or order of the Sheep Commissioner for the county where the sheep to be inspected are located. OWNER TO PAY FOR BILL OF HEALTH ON SHEEP BE- ING SHIPPED TO OTHER STATES. 8. Bills of health issued for Montana sheep being shipped out of the state are to be given without charge to the owner if the inspector knows such sheep to be free from disease without a personal inspection. If the inspector is required to make an inspection to issue such bill of health the owner must pay for it. FEES FOR INSPECTION. 9. Inspectors will be allowed compensation at not to exceed $8.00 per day for the time necessarily employed in the perform- ance of their duties, which sum must cover all traveling and other expenses. INSPECTIONS TO BE REPORTED TO SHEEP COMMIS- SIONERS. 10. Inspectors are required to report to the Sheep Commis- sioner of the county all sheep inspected for export, the time spent in inspecting the same, and the fees received for such in- spections. HOW BILLS ARE TO BE PREPARED. 11. Bills against the Sheep Inspector and Indemnity Fund should be made out on the blank forms provided by the Board, which will be furnished by the Secretary upon application. It is required that such bills be sworn to before a Notary Public and that they have the approval of the Sheep Commissioner for the county before submission to the State Board. Bills against the state are passed upon but once in each month — the third Monday of the month. 20 FIPTIH ANNUAL REPORT DIPS TO BE USED. At a regular meeting of the Board it was ordered that in the treatment of scab no dip be allowed to be used except — - First — The tobacco-and-sulphur dip, containing not less than five one-hundredths of one per cent, of nicotine and two per cent, of flowers of sulphur, or — Second —The lime-and-sulphur dip, made with eight pounds of unslaked lime and 24 pounds of flowers of sulphur to 100 gallons of water ; the lime and sulphur should be boiled together for not less than two hours. For the extermination of ticks or other parasites except scab, flock-masters are allowed to use any effective dip. ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OPINION OF FOREGOING RULES. Helena, Montana, January 2, 1900. Cornelius Hedges, Esq., Helena , Montana: Dear Sir — Replying to your favor of the 30th ult., and return- ing herewith copy of rules for the guidance of Deputy Sheep In- spectors, I have carefully examined same and find that they are in conformity with the statutory provisions relating to the mat- ters covered. Very truly yours, C. B. NOLAN, Attorney General. RAILROAD FEEDING POINTS AND GRAZING AREAS FOR SHEEP BEING TRANSPORTED THROUGH THE STATE. ON NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD. "The Northern Pacific Railway Company is authorized to transport sheep through the states of Montana and North Da- kota, when accompanied by certificates of good health, as describ- ed herein, with permission to allow grazing outside the stock- yards at the following points and within the limits specified." PLAINS — Three miles north and south of the right of way, five miles east and west of the unloading pens and in line with the right of way. STAJTTE BOARD -SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 21 SELISH — Three miles north and south of the right of way, five miles east and west of the unloading pens and in line with the right of way. DRUMMOND— Three miles north and south of the right of way, five miles east and west of the unloading pens and in line with the right of way. ELLISTON — From Elliston east along the Northern Pacific Railroad to the Lewis and Clarke County boundary line, and ten miles north of the railroad between these two points. LIVINGSTON — Three miles north and south of the right of way. FORSYTH — Four miles north and south of the right of way, and four miles east and west of the unloading pens in line with the right of way. GLENDIVE — Two miles north and south of the right of way and five miles east from the unloading pens in line with the right of way. The grazing points in North Dakota are Belfield, Sims, Ster- ling, Medina, Mandan and Jamestown. ON GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD. BALTIC — Beginning five miles north of Cut Bank on the east line of the Blackfoot Reservation, thence east fifteen miles, thence south ten miles, thence west fifteen miles, thence north five miles to the point of beginning, with Baltic practically in the center. NASHUA — Beginning at Nashua running north ten miles up Porcupine Creek, thence west ten miles, thence south ten miles, thence east to the point of beginning. The Great Northern has yards at the following places where sheep are unloaded for feeding in the yards but with no grazing privileges outside: Butte, Boulder, Helena, Craig, Cascade, Great Falls, Fort Benton, Big Sandy, Havre, Chinook, Malta, Saco, Hinsdale, Oswego, and Culbertson. 22 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF SHEEP DIPS. Prepared by Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian. LIME-SULPHUR DIP. Take eight pounds of unslacked lime, place in a receptacle and add sufficient hot water to slack the lime and form a paste. Sift into this lime twenty-four pounds of Flowers of Sulphur and stir thoroughly. After the lime and sulphur are thoroughly mixed, place the mixture in a boiler with twenty-four to thirty gallons of boiling water, and boil the mixture for two to three hours? never less than two hours, always remembering that the longer the mixture is boiled the more sulphur will dissolve, making the ooze less caustic. A little water can be added from time to time if required. Now pour the mixture into a tub, barrel or other receptacle, placed near the dipping vat and provided with a bung-hole four or five inches from the bottom, and allow plenty of time to settle. When fully settled, draw off the clear liquid into the dipping vat and add sufficient warm water to make 100 gallons of dip. The dip should always be kept at a temperature of 115 degrees to 120 degrees, never be allowed to get below no degrees or above 122 degrees Fahrenheit. NICOTINE-SULPHUR DIP. As the preparation of Nicotine Dip from leaf tobacco, in this country is too expensive, it will be assumed that some of the pre- pared tobacco dips will be purchased. This dip should contain five one-hundredths of one per cent of nicotine to the 100 gallons 01 dip, in addition to which sixteen pounds to the 100 gallons should be used. The Flowers of Sulphur should be mixed into paste with water in a pail or barrel, then be added to the tobacco dip and thoroughly stirred. This dip as stated for the above, should be kept constantly at a temperature of from 115 degrees to 120 degrees, and never al- lowed to drop below no degrees. In dipping sheep for scab a watch should always be used in timeing them, and never allow one to leave the vat under two and one-half minutes, and three minutes before shearing. In dipping for ticks, they should be detained at least one minute in the vat. STA/TE BOARD SIHIEEP COMMISSIONERS. 2.? NEW BOUNTY LAW. Approved and in effect March 2, 1901. Bill for An Act to Amend Section 3070 and Section 3076 Ar- ticle 8, Chapter 5, Title 7, Part 3, of the Political Code as Amend- ed by the Act Approved February 27th, 1899, Relating to the Payment of Bounty on Wild Animals. Be it Enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mon- tana : Section 1. That Section 3070 of Article 8, Chapter 5, Title 7, Part 3, of the Political Code as amended by the Act approved February 27th, 1899, be amended so as to read as follows : Section 3070. There shall be paid out of the fund in this act hereafter created for the killing of the following named animals hereafter killed in the State of Montana the following bounties'. For each grown wolf five dollars. For each grown coyote five dollars. For each wolf or coyote pup five dollars. For each mountain lion seven dollars. Section 2. That Section 3076, Article 8, Chapter 5, Title 7, Part 3 of the Political Code be amended to read as follows: Section 3076. It shall be the duty of the board of county com- missioners of each county in this State at the time of makings the levy of the annual tax to levy a special tax of three mills on the dollar upon the assessed valuation of all cattle, horses, mules,, asses, and sheep in their respective counties which tax shall be collected as other taxes upon like propery and when so collected shall be paid into the State bounty fund aforesaid, which fund shall be preserved inviolate for the payment of bounties herein above provided for and any county commissioner who shall' refuse or interfere to prevent the levy of the tax aforesaid shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment in the county jail not exceding three months or by both such fine or inmprisonment. Section 3. All Acts or parts of Acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Section 4. This Act shall take effect and be in full force from and after its passage and approval. 24 'FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT Section 3030. Section 3031. Section 3032. Section 3033. Section 3034. Section 3035. Section 3036. Section 3037. Section 3038. Section 3039. Section 3040. Section 3041. Section 3042. Section 3043. Section 3044. Section 3045. Section 3046. LAWS RELATING TO SHEEP INSPECTION— POLITI- CAL CODE OF MONTANA. ARTICLE VI. Deputy Veterinary Surgeon — Sheep Inspector — Disease. Deputy Inspector. Residence and oath. Duties of. Same. Quarantine by Governor. As to other states. Quarantined sheep, how cared for. Scabby sheep not to be moved. Inspection of sheep from other states. Deputy I n sp ec t o r ' s e ompe nsatio n . Form of bill and vouchers. Deputy Inspector to keep bock. Penalty for violation >of chapter. Penalty for bringing- diseased sheep into state. Report of Deputy Inspector. Additional inspector appointed. Levy of tax for the Sheep Inspector and Indemnity Fund. Section 3030. The state veterinary surgeon, upon the request of the president or secretary of any organized wool growers' asso- ciation in any county in the* state, or of any three sheep owners in any county, must appoint a capable person as deputy inspector in such county, who holds his office during the pleasure of the veterinary surgeon, and must perform the duties hereinafter de- scribed. (Under act approved March 5, 1897, Inspectors are appointed by the Sheep Commissioners and confirmed by the Board.) Section 3031. The deputy inspector must be a resident of the county for which he is appointed. He must, before entering upon the duties of his office, take the constitutional oath of office. Section 3032. The deputy inspector must inspect all sheep within his county of which he may receive notice, as provided in the next section, and in case he finds the same are not diseased, he must make and issue a certificate stating such fact. But if the sheep are diseased, or have been herded upon the range or in corrals which have within the past ninety days previous thereto been used or occupied by any diseased or infected sheep, the regu- lations for their quarantine, holding and keeping must at once be made by such deputy. Each deputy inspector so appointed must personally supervise the dipping of every band of scabby sheep within his county, and appoint the date for each and every dip- STATE BOARD SIHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 2& ping; he has the right to determine and superintend the propor- tion and mixture of materials, and must cause all sheep quaran- tined to be distinctly marked. Section 3033. Upon receipt of information, in writing, of any of the facts mentioned in the preceding section, the deputy in- spector must immediately cause the diseased sheep, and all sheep running in the same flock with them, to be examined, and if found so diseased, to be quarantined and held within a certain limit or place, to be defined by him, and such sheep must be held in quar- antine until the owner,' or person in charge, has eradicated such scab or infectious disease. The expense of feeding, holding, dipping, marking and taking care of all sheep quarantined under the provisions of this article must be paid by the owner, agent, or person in charge of such sheep. Section 3034. Whenever the governor, by proclamation, quar- antines sheep for inspection, as provided in the next section, any sheep brought into Montana, the deputy inspector of the county in which such sheep may come, must immediately inspect the same, and if he finds that they are infected with scab, or any other infectious disease, he must cause the same to be held with- in a certain limit or place in his said county, to be defined by him, until such disease has been eradicated, as provided in the next preceding section. Section 3035. Whenever the governor has reason to believe that any disease mentioned in this article has become epidemic in certain localities in any other state or territory, or that condi- tions exist that render sheep likely to convey disease, he must thereupon by proclamation, designate such localities and prohibit the importation from them of any sheep into this state, except under such restrictions as he, after consultation with the veteri- nary surgeon, may deem proper. Any person, who, after publi- cation of such proclamation, knowingly receives in charge any such sheep from any of the prohibited districts and transports or conveys the same to and within the limits of any of the coun- ties of this state, is punishable as provided in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code, and is liable for all damages that may be sustained by any person by reason of the importation of such prohibited sheep. Section 3036. Upon issuing such proclamation the owners or persons in charge of any sheep being shipped into Montana, against which quarantine has been declared, must forthwith noti- ■26 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT fy the deputy inspector of the county into which such sheep first come, of such arrival, and such owner or person in charge must not allow any sheep so quarantined to pass over or upon any public highway, or upon the ranges occupied by other sheep, or within five miles of any corral in which sheep are usually cor- ralled until such sheep have first been inspected, and any person failing to comply with the provisions of this section is punish- able as provided in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code, and is liable for all damages sustained by any person by reason of the failure to comply with the provisions of this section. Section 3037. In no case must any scabby sheep be allowed to be removed from one point to another within any county, or from one county to another, or any sheep that have within one year been scabby, without a written certificate from the deputy inspector. Such sheep may be transferred and removed with the written consent of all the sheep owners or managers along the route, and in the vicinty of the proposed location, except tnose mentioned in the preceding section. Any person violating the provisions of this section is punishable as prescribed in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code. Section 3038. Upon the arrival of any sheep into this state from any other country, state or territory, the owner or agent in charge must immediately report to the deputy inspector of the county in which such sheep first come for inspection, and sucn deputy must immediately inspect the same. If the owner or agent fails to report for inspection, the person so offending is punishable as provided in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code. The expense of such inspection must be borne by the owner, and is a lien upon the sheep, which may be sold to satisfy the lien, as provided by law. Section 3039. The deputy inspector in each county receives for his services, while necessarily employed in inspection, not ex- ceeding eight dollars per day, which includes all traveling ex- penses, of whatever kind and nature, incurred in going to and from the places where such inspection is had. When a deputy veterinary surgeon, as provided in Section 3018 of this code, is permanently located in a county, it is his duty to perform the duties imposed in this article upon deputy inspectors, and for his services receives the same compensation as the deputy in- spector, which must be paid in the same manner. Section 3040. Whenever any deputy inspector files in the STATE BOARD SIHIEEP COMMISSIONERS. 27 office of the state auditor proper vouchers, duly approved by the veterinary surgeon, setting forth : 1. The name in full of such deputy inspector. 2. The kind and nature of the services rendered. 3. The particular locality where the work was done. 4. The time when and the length of time employed. 5. The number of sheep inspected and the name of the owner or person in charge. 6. The diseases treated, and the number treated for each dis- ease, and the length of time of such treatment and the result. 7. The amount claimed and the value of such services. The state auditor must audit the same, and if found correct, draw a warrant in favor of such deputy inspector, payable out of any moneys in the "sheep inspector and indemnity fund." Section 3041. Every deputy appointed under the provisions of this article, must keep a book, to be known as the "Inspection Record," in which he must enter and record all his official acts and proceedings. Such record must particularly show the name of the owner of every flock of sheep inspected, when the same was inspected, and the number in each flock, the result of such inspection, the names of the persons to whom certificates have been granted, and when, and all orders and directions made in relation to any matters herein designated. Section 3042. Any person who fails to comply with or disregards any order or directions made by any deputy inspector under the provisions of this article, is punishable as provided in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code. Section 3043. It is unlawful for any person to bring into the state any sheep infected with scab or any other contagious dis- ease. Every person so offending is punishable as provided in Chapter II, Title XV, Part I, of the Penal Code. Section 3044. Every deputy inspector must, on or before the first day of August each year, report to the state veterinary sur- geon in writing, showing from his inspection record particularly the matters therein contained since his last report, and the vet- erinary surgeon must embody the information thus given in his report to the governor. Section 3045. The veterinary surgeon, if necessary, may ap- point more than one deputy inspector in a county, and may define the particular part of a county in which a deputy is to perform his duties, and any deputy appointed under the provisions of this 28 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT article who, under and by virtue of the powers conferred upon him by reason of such appointment, oppresses, wrongs or in- jures any person, is punishable as provided in Section 301 of the Penal Code. Section 3046. The board of county commissioners at the time of the annual levy of taxes must levy a special tax not exceeding one-half of one mill on the dollar, or so much thereof as is neces- sary on the assessed value of all sheep in the county, and the money collected from such tax constitutes the "sheep inspector and indemnity fund." Such tax must be collected in the same manner as other taxes and paid into the state treasury, as other taxes are. The money in the "sheep inspector and indemnity fund" must be used in the payment of the salaries and expenses of the deputy sheep inspector as provided in this article and all other expenses arising thereunder except the salary of the state veterinary surgeon. All other salaries and expenses must not be a charge against the state. ARTICLE VII. Rams, He-Goats and Diseased Animals Not to Run at Large. Section 3060/ Rams and he-goats not to run at large. Section 3061. Penalty. Section 3062. Liability to civil damages Section 3063. Diseased animals not to run at large. Section 3060. It is unlawful for any owner or person having the management or control of any ram or he-goat to permit the same to run at large between the first day of August and the first day of December of each year. Section 3061. Any person violating the provisions of this ar- ticle is guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof must be punished as provided in Section 1164 of the Penal Code. Section 3062. Any person damaged by rams or he-goats run- ning at large during the time mentioned in the first section of this article, may recover in a civil action any damages sustained there- by. Section 3063. It is unlawful for the owner or for any person having in charge any horse, mule, ass, sheep or cattle affected with any contagious disease to allow such diseased animal to run on any range, or within any enclosure where such animals may come in contact with any other animal not so diseased. All animals so affected with contagious disease must be at once re- moved by the owner thereof, or the person in charge of the same, STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 29 to some secure inside enclosure, where contact with other ani- mals by reaching over or through the fence of said enclosure will be impossible, or must be strictly herded six miles away from any farm or from any other stock running at large or being herded. Every person who knowingly neglects or refuses to remove or to so inclose or herd away from farms or other stock such diseased animals affected with contagious disease, after having received notice of their diseased condition, is punishable as provided in Section 700 of the Penal Code, and is liable for damages to the party injured. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF SHEEP LAWS. Penal Code of Montana. FOR SELLING DISEASED ANIMALS. Section 700. Any person who shall knowingly sell or offer for sale or use, or expose, or who shall cause or procure to be sold or offered for sale, or used, or exposed, any horse, mule, or other animal having the disease known as glanders, farcy, or any contagious disease, or violates any of the provisions of Sec- tion 3063 of the Political Code, is guilty of a misdemeanor. * PENALTY FOR ALLOWING RAMS TO RUN AT LARGE. Section 1164. Every p'erson who owns, controls, or has the custody of any ram or he-goat, and allows the same to run at large between the first day of August and the first day of Decern- ber of each year, is punishable by a fine not exceeding twenty dol- lars. FOR REMOVING DISEASED SHEEP. Section 1169. Every person who removes from one point to another in any of the counties of this state, or from one county to another, any scabby sheep, or any sheep that have been scabby within one year, without the written certificate of the sheep in- spector, or the written consent of all the sheep owners or man- agers along the route, and in the vicinity of the proposed location, is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. This section does not apply to scabby sheep imported into this state and against which quarantine has been declared. FOR BRINGING DISEASED SHEEP INTO THE STATE. Section 1170. Every person who brings into this state sheep infected with scab or other infectious disease or any horses, mules, asses or cattle infected with any contagious disease, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. 30 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT FOR DISREGARDING ORDERS OF VETERINARIAN OR INSPECTOR. Section 1171. Every person who fails to comply with or dis- regards any lawful order or direction made by the state veteri- nary surgeon, or deputy, or deputy sheep inspector, under the pro- visions of the Political Code, concerning scab or other contagious diseases among sheep, or to prevent the spread of disease among cattle, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. FOR RECEIVING SHEEP FROM QUARANTINED STATES. Section 1172. Every person who, after the publication of the proclamation of the governor of this state prohibiting the impor- tation of diseased sheep into this state, knowingly receives any such sheep from any of the prohibited districts, or transports the same within the limits of the state, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. FOR FAILURE TO REPORT SHEEP FOR INSPECTION. Section 1173. Every person in charge of sheep being shipped into this state, against which quarantine has been declared, as specified in the last preceding section, and fails to notify the dep- uty inspector of the county in which such sheep are brought, or allows any such sheep to pass over or mpon any public highway, or upon the ranges occupied by other sheep, or within five miles of any corral in which sheep are regularly corralled, before such sheep are inspected as provided by law, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. FOR FAILURE TO BRAND SHEEP IN TRANSIT. Section 1178. Every person who owns or has charge of any horses, cattle or sheep which are driven into or through any part of this state, and fails to plainly brand or mark the animals so driven, so that such animals may be readily distinguished from other animals, is punishable by a fine not exceeding three hun- dred dollars. ONE UNIFORM BRAND REQUIRED. Section 1179. All droves of horses, mules, cattle or sheep which may hereafter be driven from any other state or territory of the United States or any foreign country, into or through any county or counties of this state, shall be plainly branded or marked with one uniform brand or mark. STATE BOARD SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 31 Section .1181. All such sheep shall be marked distinctly with such mark or device as may be sufficient to distinguish the same readily, should they become intermixed or mingled with other flocks of sheep in this state. FOR DRIVING SHEEP FROM THEIR CUSTOMARY RANGE. Section 1187. Every person who willfully drives or causes to be driven any cattle, horses, mules, sheep, or swine from their customary range without the permission of the owner thereof is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding ninety days, or by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or both. FOR USING UNAUTHORIZED BRANDS. Section 1189. Every person save only an owner, and he only when branding on his own premises and in the presence of two responsible citizens, who marks or brands any calf or cattle that are running at large between the first day of December and the tenth day of May of the next ensuing year; and every person who shall at any time brand or cause to be branded or marked any horse, mule, cattle or head of cattle, sheep, swine, or other animal, one year old or older, with any piece of metal or imple- ment, other than a branding iron, which branding iron shall be- of the same design as the brand or mark owned by the party using it ; or who shall so mark or brand, or cause to be marked or branded any of the animals aforesaid with any piece or pieces of iron called "running irons," such as bars, rings, half or quarter circles, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not exceeding six months, or by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or both. FOR ALLOWING DISEASED SHEEP TO RUN AT LARGE Section 1193. It is unlawful for any person having in charge any horse, mule, ass, sheep, hog, or cattle, affected with a conta- gious disease, to allow such animal to run on any range or to De within an enclosure where they may come in contact with any other animal not so diseased. All animals so affected must be immediately removed to an inside inclosure secure from other animals, or must be herded six miles away from any farm or ranch or from any other stock running at large or being herded. Every person who neglects or refuses to remove, or inclose, or herd as aforesaid, such diseased animals, is guilty of a misde- meanor and liable in damages to the party injured. 32 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT STATE BOARD OF SHEEP COMMISSIONERS. 1901-1903. County. Commissioner. Posit Office Addresses. Beaverhead. B road water Cascade James P Murray R H Clendenin David Smethurst J B Long Dillon. To wnsend. Red Lodge. Great Falls. Gold Butte. Miles City. Glendive. Choteau C B Tool'e* Custer L^aW'Son Frank D O'Neill "William Lindsay Fergus David Hilger L g w^isto'w n . John F. Work Bozeman. »Jef f erson Lewis and Clarke T C Power S. R. Buford Helena. Virginia City. White Sul. Springs. Meagher D. E. Folsom Park S. O'N. C. Bnady Myersburg. Deer Lodge. Powell William Williams Teton W. K. Flowerree Sabra. Silver Bow. Eig Timber. Lowry. Saco'. Billings. L. H. Mills P. B. Moss DEPUTY SHEEP INSPECTORS. County. Beaverhead Broadwater Carbon . . Cascade Choteau Custer Dawson. ... Fergus Gallatin — Granite Madison . . . Meagher Missoula . . Park Rosebud — Silver Bow . Sweet Grass Teton Valley L E. Thomas C. W. Cook Frank L. Clark H H. Nelson D. A. Smith Dan H. Bowman ... Joel G leas on David Hilger John F. Woirk Alex. Wight L. S. Briggs C. W. Cook : Dr. G. T. McCulloiugh J. W. Van Dor en — Andrew Tadsen Dr. J. D. McGregor . Charles McDonald ... E. Rose D. A. Smith Post Office Address. Dillon. Unity. Red Lodge. Cascade. Hinsdale, Valley Co. Knowlton. Glendive. Lewistown. Bozeman. Stone. Ennis. Unity. Missoula. Livingston. Forsyth. Butte, 106 S. Main St. Melville. Cut Bank. Plinsdale. No inspectors have been appointed for Deer Lodge, Flathead, Jefferson and Lewis and Clarke counties. Vacancies exist at present in counties of Powell, Ravalli and Yellowstone.