ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SHOWING THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30 1930 ( Publication 3077 ) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1931 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Wsshington,D.C. - - - i % “ iin $2.00 (cloth) 5 (NOE noitnaitdy} Ss : ‘ S,: | 4 etTats Oating el ee . esi arte OMT TEMA i a ae, i, aoe e ‘Heb: MOTOMIEAW oo. OO ee eae ee) ae ee — ha Ae LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SUBMITTING THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1930 SMITHSONIAN INsTITUTION, Washington, December 9, 1930. Lo the Congress of the United States: In accordance with section 5593 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, I have the honor, in behalf of the Board of Regents, to submit to Congress the annual report of the operations, expendi- tures, and condition of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1930. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. G. Aspor, Secretary. It ae 6 ile Re” ee y ; tty" WO pe ae r co . | fe ay | eo WOFITILER ALOK nite Pa tHE 10. Vaan Eat ce et om a ” i. ae 4s i zat ce 4 20: maou “vives sae) Pee ie % Raves Ye to sone heeivefl arth: ty. BO4R woRDga ths FY Sia in Diseck silt to Aid we 4 ToAUt ons ‘Ons sien OSC rip bag ry a tn RY ‘abi hanced ‘wd a ra rougan’) of 3 wi solpiiend, comomblim® siete motithines bh sah Od ost 3 odd avad E Hoe i O8 : eiest - Janis. damihedo TH r ; iflainaget ¢ie\ CONTENTS Page Ete pacientes Si lps fed ad) pe, imal blink et XI ag en enenaney Trenldilies theyre — tan ener od Se Sevens Aner en oe ree eee ae ee 21 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum_---_------- 25 2. Report on the National Gallery of Art___-.-.-.-.-------- 45 3. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art___...-_-..----------- 54 4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology-_.-...------- 61 5. Report on the International Exchange Service__-_--------- 72 6. Report on the National Zoological Park____.___---------- 84 7 7. Report on the Astrophyiscal Observatory -..-.------------ 103 8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms- - - ---- 115 9. Report on the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera- eRe aerated Pe ONES tes geen ewe See ee NER SEE 123 it, ONG i: Et RIT 8S ok as ot ek Sa ee ie cm em ene 126 a NNO PT NTR LEON oS Sos ee i ete erm ie 141 . 12. List of subscribers to The James Smithson Memorial Edition, Smithsonian Scientific Series, since Nov. 15, 1929_.-__--- 147 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents__-_-.------ 149 eaines of the Board of Regents...............--.-.--..---~.+- 159 1In part governmentally supported. vi CONTENTS GENERAL APPENDIX Beyond the red in the spectrum, by H. D. Babcock. _.---_--_--------- Growth in our knowledge of the sun, by Charles E. St. John_____-_-_-_-- The modern sun eult, by:d., Wi. ovurmer 2-5 o> Vee ee ea SL eee The moon and radioactivity, .by: Vis Soeneest =. - ae es es Modern concepts in physics and their relation to chemistry, by Irving AGAVE se Sg te i Ae ree ee eo ee es Waves and corpuscles in modern physics, by Louis de Broglie___-----~-- New researches on the effect of light waves on the growth of plants, by e. S; Brackett and. Barl'S..Johnstom=- 2-22) <1.) 5 ose ee The Autogiro: Its characteristics and accomplishments, by Harold F. Pitcairn: ee ans es es oe oe are ake ei ee ey he ee ee Ten years’ gliding and soaring in Germany, by Prof. Dr. Walter Georgii- - The first rains and their geological significance, by Assar Hadding------ Weather and glaciation, by Chester A. Reeds.___---.--.-------22--=-- Wild life protection: An urgent problem, by Ernest P. Walker_-_------- The nesting habits of Wagler’s Oropendola on Barro Colorado Island, by Prank Mi Chapman. 22 2 22 20k ae ee ee a ee ee The rise of applied entomology in the United States, by L. O. Howard_- Man and insects) by ii: (©. Howard sae ee ee The use of fish poisons in South America, by Ellsworth P. Killip and Met 6S O95 rab aaa a aa A rare parasitic food plant of the Southwest, by Frank A. Thackery and M- French: Gilman: . 28) 2 yo ee ek ai a Se oe ee The mechanism of organic evolution, by Charles B. Davenport_-------- Extra chromosomes, a source of variations in the Jimson weed, by Albert Ms BTSIKES CG 2 2 isk) a ell Sf ell ee a yc ta The age of the human race in the light of geology, by Stephen Richarz_- Elements of the culture of the cireumpolar zone, by W. G. Bogoras_---- The Tell en-Nasbeh Excavations of 1929—a preliminary report, by Walliam:.PrederiesBadé:- 0522 8 wens ue Sine Se ee ee ae Recent progress in the field of Old World prehistory, by George Grant MMaeCurdy oo. pe ee ee Ancient seating furniture in the collections of the United States National Museum, by Walter Hough: 2-2) 2 52 ene ee eee Aspects of aboriginal decorative art in America based on specimens in the United States National Museum, by Herbert W. Krieger_-_---------- The acclimatization of the white race in the Tropics, by Robert De C. Jesse Walter Fewkes, by John R. Swanton and F. H. H. Roberts, jr ---- George Perkins Merrill, by Charles Schuchert_....-_------------------ LIST OF PLATES Beyond the red in the spectrum (Babcock) : ip TES Tee Gi a Se ee ee Os 5 OSE eS eee ee Knowledge of the sun (St. John): OS & Ce ee ee c(2, aes Ni ee eset ee ee Waves and corpuscles (De Broglie) : OE i OS eS ee Es Seria ee oe Re ee oe ee Light and plant growth (Brackett and Johnston) : CORE EE ks I eS eae ane oe 8 a eet Re ea The autogiro (Pitcairn) : inte se Ea Sh A Gliding in Germany (Georgii): oD NS Sh Gs SS er ee ee eee Wild life protection (Walker) : C0 ES gg EE Ee Ea a a ee es ee Paes eee ee Nesting habits of Oropendola (Chapman) : et ee ee SSE ah cas SC ee Fish poisons (Killip and Smith): yg HID 5 Sk RE 9 I i EE a 0 re CT A parasitic plant (Thackery and Gilman): eG O28 ee 2 a a Sy ee St ee Organic evolution (Davenport) : (aaa ale ater I a ene ie eae ea AR ON Eye AEE eR J Extra chromosomes (Blakeslee) : ere ec eee RR ek ee eee Age of the human race (Richarz): aa a Tn ek ee ek ee it eh le Tell en-Nasbeh excavations (Badé) : Lu, DL ge Let re ae eae ee a ERE ee eee eee es Old World prehistory (MacCurdy) : ae See Ce A 8 Se EE ee Ancient seating furniture (Hough): chy la BE SS aS a EIR ONE Oe ee ees ee epee Aboriginal decorative art (Krieger) : ST EE oy a ey DRS E Nie in Bee en ae eee See ane ee a The Holland Tunnel (Gray and Hagen): Ol lie Dye BS ee Pe te Se ee a as See Neonat SE ae ee eee es Fewkes (Swanton and Roberts): CUE i SR ler Pa OF ee Se ee A eee aN Merrill (Schuchert) : Co ge See RN Ea a RO Ee as Se ene eee er en See Se 190 346 421 518 608 609 noe i, * vi » ic RS fete +. os ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 SUBJECTS 1. Annual report of the secretary, giving an account of the opera- tions and condition of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 19380, with statistics of exchanges, etc. 2. Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, exhibiting the financial affairs of the Institution, including a state- ment of the Smithsonian fund, and receipts and expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1930, 3. Proceedings of the Board of Regents for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. 4. General appendix, comprising a selection of miscellaneous memoirs of interest to collaborators and correspondents of the Insti- tution, teachers, and others engaged in the promotion of knowledge. These memoirs relate chiefly to the calendar year 1930. HHT BAT HO CR WO qajOd TP AO THOIas LA n eh: 08 AMS OTEK TART NOY HOT AOIPTTTeT j : > Ha! a Ps u uy ‘ Ete ce a an uy : Ss. b) al a : fet ’ Oe a ai IRI AT Ss Pinos sh) 16 Steet hound \ i | as Wo Oil ty Mee lis WET Orme aly To ecb a soitesh he xddh 2 BDULTE Omi irads, “fi Te etsite BE rele ote Brie] bet Ete | Dain Baeenay bite itert mniased tio add toy C8Rt 08 cnet onthe % ¥ = “ ae ., Loe bs Pee | Gulloo oF destTolal THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1930 Presiding officer ex oficio.—Hrnserr Hoover, President of the United States. Chancellor.—CHARLES Evans Hugues, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Hegrsert Hoover, President of the United States. CHARLES CuRTIS, Vice President of the United States. CHARLES Evans Hucues, Chief Justice of the United States. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State. ANDREW W. MELLon, Secretary of the Treasury. Patrick J. Hurvtey, Secretary of War. WILLIAM D. MircHeLL, Attorney General. WALTER IF’. Brown, Postmaster General. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, Secretary of the Navy. Ray LyMANn Wrpor, Secretary of the Interior. ArtTHour M. Hyopkg, Secretary of Agriculture. Rosert P. Lamont, Secretary of Commerce. JAMES JOHN Davis, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: CHARLES Evans Hucues, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. CHARLES CuRTIS, Vice President of the United States. Reep Smoot, Member of the Senate. JoserH T. Rosprnson, Member of the Senate. CLAupE A. SwAnson, Member of the Senate. ALBERT JOHNSON, Member of the House of Representatives. R. WALtToN Moore, Member of the House of Representatives. Rosert Luce, Member of the House of Representatives. Rosert 8. Brooxines, citizen of Missouri. Irwin B. LAUGHLIN, citizen of Pennsylvania. Freperic A. DreLAno, citizen of Washington, D. C. DwicHTt W. Morrow, citizen of New Jersey. JoHN C. Merriam, citizen of Washington, D. C. Ezecutive committee—Fnreperic A. DreLANno, R. Watton Moore, JOHN C. MERRIAM. Secretary.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secretary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Chief Clerk and administrative assistant to the Secretary—Harry W. Dorsery. Treasurer and disbursing agent—NicHoLAs W. Dorsey. Editor—Wesster P. TRUE. Librarian.—WILi1AM L. Corsin. Appointment clerk.—JameEs G. TRAYLOR. Property clerk.—JAmMes H. Hit. NATIONAL MUSEUM Assistant Secretary (in charge). —ALEXANDER WETMORE. Administrative assistant to the Secretary. WILLIAM pre C. RAVENEL. Head curators.—WaAtter Houecu, LEoNHARD STEJNEGER, RAy S. BASSLER. xI XII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Curators.—PAvUL BarrscH, Ray S. BAsster, THEopoRE T. BEeLore, AUSTIN H. CLARK, FRANK W. CLARKE, FREDERICK V. Covitte, W. F. FosHAG, HERBERT FRIEDMANN, CHARLES W. GILMORE, WALTER HovucH, LELAND O. Howarp, ALES HrpuicKa, Nem M. Jupp, Herserrt W. Kriecer, FrReperick L. LewtTon, GERRIT S. Mutter, Jr., Cart W. MITMAN, CHARLES E. ResserR, WALDO L. SCHMITT, LEONHARD STEJNEGER. Associate curators—Joun M. ALDRICH, CHESTER G. GILBERT, ELLswortH P. KILLIP, WILLIAM R. Maxon, CHARLES W. RICHMOND, Davip WHITE. Chief of correspondence and docwments——HERBERT S. BRYANT. Disbursing agent.—NicnHoLas W. DorRsEY. Superintendent of buiidings and labor.—Jamers 8. GOLDSMITH. Editor —Marcus BENJAMIN. Assistant Librarian.—LeILA G. ForBEs. Photographer—ArtHurR J. OLMSTED. Property clerk.—WILLIAM A. KNOWLES. Engineer.—CiLayton R. DENMARK. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Director.—WILLIAM H. HoLtmMEs. FREER GALLERY OF ART Curator.—JOoHN EXLLERTON Loner. Associate curator.—CarL WHitine BrsHopr. Assistant curator—Grace DUNHAM GUEST. Associate.—IKATHARINE NASH RHOADES. Superintendent.—JoHN Bunpy. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief —MATTHEW W. STIRLING. Ethnologists— JOHN P. HARRINGTON, JOHN N. B. Hewitt, TRUMAN MICHELSON, JOHN R. SWANTON. Archeologist —FRANK H. H. Roperts, Jr. Editor.—STAaNLey SEARLES. Librarian.—BELua LEARY. Tllustrator.—Dr LANcry GILL. INTHRNATIONAL EXCHANGES Secretary (in charge).—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Chief clerk.—Coatres W. SHOEMAKER, NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WiLtiAM M. MANN. Assistant direcior.—ERNEST P. WALKER. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant director.—LoyatL B, ALDRICH. Research assistant.—F REpERICK E. Fowte, Jr. Associate research assistant.—WILLIAM H. Hoover. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Research associate in charge.—FREDERICK §. BRACKETT. Consulting plant physiologist—Hart S. JOHNSTON. Research assistant.—LELAND B, CLARK. REGIONAL BUREAU FOR THE UNITED STATES, INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Assistant in charge.—LEONARD C. GUNNELL. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION C. G. ABBot FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. The first 24 pages contain a summary account of the affairs of the Institution. Appendixes 1 to 11 give more detailed reports of the operations of the United States National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the International Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, the Divi- sion of Radiation and Organisms, the United States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, the Smith- sonian library, and of the publications issued under the direction of the Institution; and Appendix 12 contains a list of subscribers since November 15, 1929, to the James Smithson Memorial Edition of the Smithsonian Scientific Series. THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE YEAR Several events of unusual importance to the Institution have oc- curred during the year just passed, and its scientific work has pro- gressed in a satisfactory manner. To mention some of the high-lights of the year’s advance, Congress authorized an appropriation for the construction of the much-needed wings on the Natural History Building of the National Museum at a cost not to exceed $6,500,000. The work of the Astrophysical Observatory has shown an apparently large and important influence of small short-period solar variations on the temperature in the United States. The new Division of Radia- I Z ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 tion and Organisms has made rapid progress in the construction and equipment of laboratories for physical, chemical, and biological investigations, and has already obtained preliminary results in two highly interesting researches. Dr. R. H. Goddard, whose experi- ments in designing and building a rocket to explore the unknown upper layers of the atmosphere the Institution has aided for 12 years, brought the work to the point of practical demonstration. The late Simon Guggenheim, at Colonel Lindbergh’s suggestion, has made a large grant to complete this development under most favor- able auspices. Dr. C. U. Clark, under a grant from Ambassador Charles G. Dawes, has made important discoveries of unpublished early Spanish-American records in European archives. Four more volumes of the Smithsonian Scientific Series were practically ready to be issued at the close of the year, making eight volumes completed, and the last four are well advanced in preparation. Substantial sums have already been received by the institution as royalties on the sale of this series. The fifth and sixth awards of the Langley Gold Medal for Aerodromics were made to Charles Matthews Manly and Commander (now Admiral) Richard Evelyn Byrd. Under the auspices of the Institution and its branches many expeditions went into the field to obtain necessary data and collections. Reference to these will be found in the following reports. Many monographs and smaller papers embodying the results of original researches have been published and widely distributed throughout the world. THE ESTABLISHMENT The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of Eng- land, who, in 1826, bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without authority to administer the trust directly, and therefore constituted an “establishment ” whose statutory members are “the President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.” THE BOARD OF REGENTS The affairs of the Institution are administered by a Board of Regents whose membership consists of “the Vice President, the Chief Justice, three members of the Senate, and three Members of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3 the House of Representatives, together with six other persons other than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city of Washington and the other four shall be inhabitants of some State, but no two of them the same State.” One of the Regents is elected chancellor by the board; in the past the selection has fallen upon the Vice President or the Chief Justice; and a suitable person is chosen by the Regents as Secretary of the Institution, who is also secretary of the Board of Regents, and the executive officer directly in charge of the Institution’s activities. The only change occurring in the personnel of the board during the year was the resignation of Chief Justice Taft and his succession by Charles Evans Hughes, both as Chief Justice and as Chancellor of the Board of Regents. The roll of the Regents at the close of the fiscal year was as fol- lows: Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, chancellor; Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States; mem- bers from the Senate, Reed Smoot, Joseph T. Robinson, Claude A. Swanson; members from the House of Representatives, Albert John- son, R. Walton Moore, Robert Luce; citizen members, Robert S. Brookings, Missouri; Irwin B. Laughlin, Pennsylvania; Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; Dwight W. Morrow, New Jersey; and John C. Merriam, Washington, D. C. FINANCES The permanent investments of the Institution consist of the fol- lowing: Total endowment for general or specific purposes (exclusive ECG (Ti Ml IM ape rag ea RR lV a 8 ee ec $1, 670, 582. 40 Itemized as follows: Deposited in the Treasury of the United States, as provided Deposited in the consolidated fund: Miscellaneous securities, etc., either purchased or acquired by gift; cost or value at date acquired__________________ 578, 292. 40 Springer, Frank, fund for researches, etc. (bonds) -------_ 30, 000. 00 Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, fund for researches, ete CC OCEM: Biel ROHS ) 6 = oo Soe ents Eon ee 12, 477. 50 Younger, Helen Walcott, fund (real estate notes and stock, CE Seg ye Sip aa ee ll en ei hai ea EY Ra BIB. 49, 812. 50 ph math re pr ar oR A an eee ee 1, 670, 582. 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 The above mentioned funds of the Institution are described as follows: United States Consoli- Separate Fund Treasury |datedfund| funds Total Bacon, MirginiaiPurdy, fund 2+ 22-2 54.02 5225.- oe ee ee $65,812, 09) 02. cos 2 Fe $65, 812. 09 IB AIP lon eyu Ets MUNG sos on. wee ae oe ae een a eee eee | 2,076. 68 2, 076. 68 @anfield:Collectionsfund.: .=-<2. scl 32. - ee ee | 60, 242. 50 50, 242. 50 Casey, ‘TDoMAasais funds. 2ccecns-t—oee=. ee eee eee eee ee | 6, 416. 97 6, 416. 97 C@hamberlaindunds -.. 223 hes er ake st | Se Sl 8G B00 104 36, 990. 04 Hodgkins: (specitic), fund. - =<. --— 25-22 3— oe $100%'000) 00)|=2=-. 2 ee 100, 000. 00 Hughes, "Brice; fund <2... -s252--.-sacs oc ce ee ee ee ee 17, 942. 72 17, 942. 72 Never @athoerine, Wetland: 9 — 22 5 See eee 21, 700. 97 21, 700. 97 Pell, ‘Cormeha: Livingston; fund = £2225. -<2 43 | Se ee 3, 171. 41 3,171. 41 Poore, Lucy T. and Geo. W., fund 26,670.00 | 31,478. 61 58, 148. 61 Reid; AdGison I. funde-.—- 25-2 $e oe 11,000.00 | 12, 476.50 23, 476. 50 IRGGDUNe TUNG eee eons 2 owatonna | 158, 524. 06 | 158, 524. 06 Smithsonian unrestricted fund: AVGLU IO. soe one ate cece site oo eee aoe 14500000: 148,004. 74022 Se eee 62, 914. 74 ndowmenctaund <2 noe oe connec eee aoe cee eee pie ie) 9 i eT serena 72, 353. 49 abel fund 8-5. et ae = ee re ee 5005003 |2ea eo ee see erent 500. 00 HachenbergetunGus- 7 3-e-- 28) ke Ce a ed 5, 2856 Oly | ee a ee 5, 285. 01 Hanvltontund ete eee Sees token, ieee ee 2, 500. 00 Eo Ue | ol epee 3, 029. 41 TR abagy (tiers Eee Sa ee eS eS ee ee Cee 1588069 i. se ee 1, 588. 62 IMOdekings peneral tnd 2.08 sea een nn eee TAG CUR TO) ec ee 7): be beeen 155, 394. 24 Psrentiund ste est a FS er 727, 640. 00 1.1603; 490). pet 729, 243. 49 STV 8 Gels clk nee ald aR MEAL TS SLES 590. 00 C21SSS ee ae 1, 211.33 Sanfordifand 2 att es EN ae 1, 100. 00 G9) 52. |e oe ee 2, 269. 52 SDMNPEL prank, MUNG) se ace So ee ek ee ae ee | pee ae ee | eee ne $30, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, fund___.-.__..|-.-..-_--.-._-]_-.....-_--- 12, 477. 50 12, 477. 50 WoungEeR Helen Walcott, fumes =e se. ee eel | ne we (ee Reg eae eee 49, 812. 50 49, 812. 50 Tota. Mame aie e ns. SUPE LT ee 1, 000, 000. 00 | 578,292.40 | 92,290.00 | 1, 670, 582. 40 The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts from the following donors: Dr. W. L. Abbott, for archeological expedition to Hispaniola and other places. Mrs. Laura Welsh Casey, for further contributions to the Thomas Lincoln Casey fund for researches in Coleoptera. Mr. Childs Frick, for researches in vertebrate paleontology. Harvard University, for contribution toward purchase of meteorite. Missouri Historical Society, for further study of the language of the Osage Indians. National Academy of Sciences (through Dr. Hrdlitka), for archeological explorations in Alaska. Research Corporation, for further contributions for research in radiation. Mr. John A. Roebling, for further contributions for researches in radiation and studies in world weather records. Dr. William Schaus, for purchase of specimens of Lepidoptera. Mrs. Mary R. Swales, for expenses of publications in connection with Swales fund. Mr. Hans Wilkens, of Reading, Pa., for general endowment fund of the Institution. Freer Gallery of Art.—The invested funds of the Freer bequest are classified as follows: Court and:-erounds fund..-7220.! acon ne ae nee $592, 046. 60 Court and: grounds maintenance fund. 25.2 4 2 Be 149, 608. 46 GRIPATOR TOM ee a ra a eg ees De 602, 395. 38 3, 956, 879. 06 5, 300, 929. 50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5 The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been con- tinued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has amounted to $8,103.31. Cash balances, receipts and disbursements during the fiscal year? Pelee On Nagi une G0, 1929. oo ee $216, 994. 28 Receipts: Cash from invested endowments and from mis- cellaneous”™ sources for general use of the TEU CA RCN a 2 AR RE _ eee $74, 850. 62 Cash for increase of endowments for specific use. —_1, 029. 57 Cash gifts for increase of endowments for gen- oT a ge BB I ey RE 2 189. 10 Cash gifts, ete., for specific use (not to be in- OUST EE “ty EES Oars ee 105, 710. 88 Cash received as royalties from sales of Smith- Gamian sctentine Series *___.- 21, 833. 92 Cash gain from sale, etc., of securities (to be RPA ya eee EE a | Bee 2, 110,18 Cash income from endowments for specific use other than Freer endowment, and from miscel- PAPOUN: SOUTCES...._ 1240 Ute IROES Bes Oe 72, 078. 30 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete. (to BAUTeMYPRLed) =. ees en ee ee a 175, 357. 85 Total receipts other than Freer endowment______~~ 453, 220. 37 Cash receipts from Freer endowment—income CSL RTS OL (So) 8 OL) |), oe oe a se a $303, T80. 87 Net gain from sale, etc., of securities (to be in- LS he See ea ee eee 38, 480. 34 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete. Withee! SPOINMCRLOG ) Qe 1, 482, 644. 95 —_—_—_————- 1, 774, 906. 16 ol oo | tae a ei ere a ag ae CT ae a I ce a et aN RO 2, 445, 120. 81 Disbursements : From funds for general work of the Institu- tion— Buildings, care, repairs and alteration____ 1, 937. 05 Brupoltuce ang, . fixtures... 2 529. 17 General sdministration. +22 222 24, 154. 26 Di invy hs, cya. comme SSP ENE TES OSE bee eaters 3, 170. 37 Publications (comprising preparation, printing and distribution) -__-_-________ 13, 224. 93 1This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative charge of the Institution. ? Under resolution of the Board of Regents three-fourths of this income is credited to the permanent endowment fund of the Institution and one-fourth is made expendable for general purposes. * This includes salaries of the secretary and certain others. 28095—31 2 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Disbursements—Continued. From funds for general work of the Institu- tion—Continued. Researches and explorations______________ $19, 294. 39 International exchanges: =_- 22) 2a 4, 830. 35 $67, 140. 52 From funds for specific use other than Freer endowment : Investments made from gifts, from gain, from sales, ete. of securities and from Saying son) incomes) = 2) ee 20, 659. 95 Other expenditures, consisting largely of research work, travel, increase and care of special collections, ete., from income of endowment funds and cash gifts for | SDCCUMC AIST ie tees ne 147, 068. 31 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, eles reinvested =.= 2. S- 9 o e e es 174, 900. 30 ————————__ 342, 623. 56 From Freer endowment: Operating expenses of gallery, salaries, purchases of art objects, field expenses, OU Csi cr tts ee ie me Dl PO oh 337, 207. 13 Investments made from gain from sale, etc., of securities and from income__________ 50, 045. 48 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, le; sreinvested i a= ie Ses 1, 488, 233. 95 1, 820, 486. 56 Balance; TUDeyS0; 193 0s eee soa ee 214, 870.17 il rg) os SMa aise ies te RM EO) Se he OO 2, 445, 120. $1 Recapitulation of receipts, exclusive of Freer funds, during the year ending June 30, 1930 General uses: HoreaAcditions tomendowments2- == 2-6. eee $16, 564, 55 Reserved Mas 'sinCOme a ai otk gail allt le 80, 309. 09 —————. $96, 873. 64 Specific uses: Giftsiaceretions) to endowment. ae ees 1, 000. 00 Gifts for specific use not to be invested____________ 105, 710. 88 Cash income from endowments for addition to en- CGAY B00) 0) Mirna: Oy AR ME cel ad Sale naga ariel Bee teil ey A a A 6, 961. 38 Cash income from endowments and from other sources for conducting researches, explorations, CLG SaaS 8 esis 2 ae Re) te are ee eee 67, 316. 62 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, etc. (to bey reinvested 225 e ota tta ie ae a he en a 175, 357. 85 ——__——— 356, 346. 73 Total receipts exclusive of Freer funds_____._____-______ 453, 220. 37 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY if Statement of endowment funds Specific pur- General pur- | poses other | Freer endow- | poses than Freer ment endowment EES ROP) a a ne a a ae | $1,022, 385.75 | $626, 003. 70 | $5, 236, 054. 02 Serene from micome, girta, OCC... <--. el 1, 418. 00 8, 825.19 11, 602. 60 Increase from gain from sales, etc...........--..------------ ) 9, 531.19 885. 57 38, 442. 88 Increase from stock dividends-.-__.........--.-------------- 454. 91 1, 078. 09 14, 830. 00 Bndowment June 30, 1980... .2. 22-22 ete pers 033, 789. 85 636,792.55 | 5, 300, 929. 50 The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Gov- ernment bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal year 1930: EU GEE SSD ca pl IEP dS ces as ial A ae $36, 004. 00 ET Say LB CC or) ¢ CORRE SSR ai See SUPER ERE S eS Sea oe 21, 000. 00 DELON SERCH N Pes 2 Oe ae 51, 297. 00 EINE TRC NAITO NO EEMR ee teeter ee ee eS ee as eg 68, 800. 00 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature________________ 7, 885. 00 Pen vMCal ODSETVALOLY ot St See Sie BSA A 36, 720. 00 National Museum: a pemiLures BNC fixtures. ttf Ee Peay $33, 240. 00 Penne ond Menine es Bei ee Bae ke 90, 160. 00 Preservation of collections..28 +. eee tetenhh at 570, 084. 00 COOLS Ea 2101 nb ee ee eS a LL 2 Pe 21, 080. 00 OT a TE a ee. eee Se ringer aoe 2, 000. 00 ROR og huge I AS Ae hhh 450. 00 ————__ 717, 014. 00 PerisneGr er roor Art! ers! Wyre) Gh iek) Tees 2 PLR va SUE 34, 853. 00 nner eanlopacal, Pariel. 0) ne0$in Eft pl lw ne ee i 203, 000. 00 National Zoological Park, building for reptiles_____._.__.___________ 220, 000. 00 National Zoological Park, gates for south boundary_____________ 2, 000. 00 Settee CTitE PRICE es eae es 2 A ee 95, 000. 00 AE ES SS See Se eo ae eee rey Fay om 1, 493, 573. 00 MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST AWARD OF LANGLEY MEDAL TO CHARLES MATTHEWS MANLY AND TO COMMANDER RICHARD EVELYN BYRD, UNITED STATES NAVY The fifth and sixth awards of the Langley Gold Medal for Aero- dromics to Charles Matthews Manly (posthumously) and to Com- mander (now Admiral) Richard Evelyn Byrd, United States Navy, were made at the Annual Meeting of the Board of Regents of the Institution on December 12, 1929. The medal had been hitherto awarded four times, to Wilbur and Orville Wright, to Glenn H. Curtiss, to Gustave Eiffel, and to Charles A. Lindbergh. The award 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 to Mr. Manly was made in recognition of his pioneer contributions to the development of the airplane engine, and that to Commander Byrd for his pioneer flights over the North and South Poles, his non- stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, and the scientific discoveries associated with these flights. The posthumous award to Mr. Manly will be presented through the person of his son. Commander Byrd was notified of the award to him by radiogram to Little America, Antarctica. The actual presentation of the two gold medals had not been made at the close of the year. ADDITIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY BUILDING OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM An event of capital importance to the future of the Smithsonian and the National Museum occurred on June 19, 1930, when Congress passed the following bill: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Smithsonian Institution is hereby authorized to extend the Natural History Building of the United States National Museum by additions on the east and west ends thereof, in accordance with plans to be approved by the Commission of Fine Arts, and to engage, if neces- sary, architectural and inspection services, without regard to the restrictions of existing law governing such services. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated a sum not exceeding $6,500,000 for this purpose. The present Natural History Building has for years been over- crowded, both as to exhibition halls and to laboratories and storage rooms. The additions authorized by Congress, which will approxi- mately double the present floor space, will not only permit of a more satisfactory arrangement of exhibits for the benefit of the more than one million visitors every year, but also will provide additional facili- ties for the growing research work of the Museum staff. The bill quoted above is only an authorization and does not carry an actual appropriation. Plans have not yet been prepared, but in general the additions will conform in style and general arrangement with the present structure. RESEARCHES IN EUROPEAN ARCHIVES Karly in 1929 Ambassador Charles G. Dawes provided the Institu- tion with a fund for the purpose of conducting researches among Kuropean archives in search of documents relating to the early history and ethnology of middle America. In April, 1929, Dr. C. U. Clark was appointed by the Smithsonian to conduct this mission, and early in October Doctor Clark began his work in Europe, Since that REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 8) time he has studied diligently at several of the principal archives containing early American material and has discovered a consider- able number of valuable early manuscripts hitherto unpublished. In addition to the titles listed below Doctor Clark has excerpted many hundreds of pages of interesting ethnological material relating to the Americas from manuscripts which were not of special interest in their complete form, such as reports, letters, etc. ‘The manuscripts copied and prepared for publication are as follows: Vatican Library.—Reginus Lat. 1608. Contains four leaves containing a Nahuatl vocabulary and Nahuatl sentences for priests learning the language. Twelve typewritten pages. Vatican Library— Codex Barberini. Latinus 241. Written in Latin 1552 by Indian trained by Franciscans. Illustrated by 185 aquarelles in color repre- senting plants and flowers. Sixty-three folios 6 by 8%. Saville, Archivos Nacional—Guatemala No. 45. Maya-Aztec manuscript, being the village record book of San Juan Amatitlan, Guatemala 1559-1562. Written partially in the Pokoman dialect of Maya. Over 300 entries in Maya, in addition to a quantity of Aztec material. Archivos Nacional.—Saville, Guatemala 128. Account of the official assess- ment of 1548-1550 for the Indian Pueblos of Guatemala, Nicaragua, Yucatan, and Comayagua. This gives an accurate census of Yucatan. Four hundred folios; 54 typewritten pages. Indian census of 1549. Made under direction of Diaz de Castillo. Biblioteca de Catalunya, Barcelona—Vocabulary of Tahitian language, 1774. Eight and one-half pages of two columns; 80 words to a page. Three and one-half pages of information derived from the Tahitians. Three pages of a list of 100 questions to be put to natives. Vatican Library.—Barberini Lat. 3584. “Compendos y Descripcion de la Indias Ocodentales.”’ Fray Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, 1629. A voluminous compendium of information concerning the natives of South America, Central America, and the West Indies. Regarded by experts as of extraordinary value. Madrid. Biblioteca Nacional 19267.—“Anlagoya’s letter from Cali,” 1540. Forty-three typewritten pages. An official description of the native tribes of Colombia, ROCKET EXPERIMENTS OF DR. R. H. GODDARD For the past 12 years the Institution has supported by annual grants the researches of Dr. R. H. Goddard, of Clark University, on the development of a rocket to explore the upper atmosphere. In 1916 Doctor Goddard presented to the Institution such a convincing mathematical demonstration of the theory that a self-propelling rocket could be sent to the limit of the earth’s atmosphere, and even beyond, that Doctor Walcott, then Secretary of the Smithsonian, after consultation with a committee of experts, agreed to support the investigation. The work progressed so favorably that the Institu- tion has continued its support until the present time, 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 The highest level of the air which can now be studied is about 20 miles up, reached by sounding balloons, but these balloons often drift as much as 150 miles from their starting point, and their recovery is slow and uncertain. A rocket, on the other hand, would go straight up to any desired height and provided with a parachute would return in a short time at or very near its starting point. With suitable automatic apparatus, such a rocket could bring back samples of the upper air for chemical analysis, measure the temperature and pressure of the higher atmosphere, expose spectographs above the ozone layer where the ultra-violet spectrum of the sun could be observed, and record the condition of the atmosphere from 5,000 feet upward in the interests of aviation. In short, a whole new field of investigation would be opened up—the unknown upper saa of the earth’s atmosphere. This investigation was pioneering in character; little was avail- able as a guide. After much experimenting with a rocket equipped with a ere for feeding small charges of high explosive, Doctor Goddard turned finally to the scheme of a steady combustion of hydrocarbon in liquid oxygen. After further modifying the design of the rocket itself to adapt it to the use of this new means of propulsion, Doctor Goddard was ready at the close of the fiscal year for an actual field trial of the device. It may be said that on July 17, 1929, a trial of the liquid-pro- pelled rocket was made at Worcester, Mass., the device functioning satisfactorily as regards the flow of liquid, the ascent of the rocket, and its rapid motion in air. The trial rocket was guided only by vanes on its rear end, and these proved inefficient, the rocket describing a high arch and returning to the ground instead of making a vertical flight. Doctor Goddard has already designed automatic stabilizers, however, and these together with the neces- sary automatic recording devices are seemingly all that is needed to insure a successful, practical flight of the rocket to the higher layers of the atmosphere and its return with the first records of an unknown region. The apparently assured success of Doctor Goddard’s experiments has drawn support from a source better equipped financially to provide it than the Smithsonian. The late Simon Guggenheim at Colonel Lindbergh’s suggestion made a large grant of funds and set up an advisory committee of which the secretary, Doctor Abbot, isamember. Doctor Goddard’s experiments are now going on under these auspices in New Mexico. It is a pleasure to record here that the Smithsonian has again been able to support during its more or less uncertain pioneering stages an investigation of great promise for the increase of knowledge. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ll LOW TEMPERATURE RESEARCHES The Smithsonian has made two small grants during the year to Prof. Dr. W. H. Keesom, director of the Cyrogenic Laboratory at Leiden, in aid of his important researches on the properties of matter at very low temperatures. Two investigations were in progress by Doctor Keesom, with the aid of his collaborators, namely, the measurement of the specific heat of gases at very low tempera- tures, and the measurement of the thermomolecular pressure differ- ences at very low temperatures. In connection with the first, it seemed desirable to obtain measure- ments on the specific heat of helium gas at the temperatures obtain- able with liquid helium. Such a measurement had already been made by Meissner in Berlin, who found the specific heat of helium gas at a temperature of 5.5° K. (approximately —450° F.) and a pressure of 0.75 atmosphere to be about 65 per cent of the normal value, and ascribed this result to quantum effects. There is reason to doubt, however, whether quantum effects can be demonstrated in such a way because of the influence of intermolecular forces on specific heat. To investigate this matter, Doctor Keesom and his assistants elaborated a method of measuring the velocity of propaga- tion of sound at these very low temperatures and at pressures smaller than 1 atmosphere. From this velocity, the specific heat may be derived. Measurements of this velocity have already been made with great accuracy at the temperatures of liquid oxygen and of liquid hydro- gen, and preliminary measurements have been made of the velocity of sound in helium gas at the temperature of liquid helium, but further developments in the method must be made for this last investigation. Doctor Keesom’s second research relates to the investigation of the thermomolecular pressure differences between the bulb of the helium thermometer and the manometer used in the measurement of the lowest temperatures obtainable. In his latest measurements the temperature recorded was 0.89° K. (approximately, =458° F.). Ex- act measurements of these pressure differences have now been made at the temperatures of boiling oxygen and of boiling hydrogen; measurements at the temperatures obtainable with liquid helium will follow. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS The report of the director on the first year’s work of this new and important branch of the Smithsonian’s investigations in physical science shows remarkably rapid progress. The construction of labo- ratories and their equipment has been particularly difficult because 12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 of the borderline character of the researches; it was necessary to provide for physical, chemical, and biological fields of investigation. In spite of the constant construction and equipment problems, actual research work was started, and two experiments, the one on photo- tropism, the other on infra-red absorption of pure chemicals, were carried to interesting preliminary results. Offices for the division were provided by remodelling the hitherto unused flag tower of the Smithsonian Building, and space in the basement previously used for storage was reconstructed into a mod- ern physical, chemical, and biological laboratory. A small group of highly trained specialists has been assembled to carry on the inves- tigations, and these men work in close cooperation with the Smith- sonian Astrophysical Observatory, the Fixed Nitrogen Laboratory of the Agricultural Department, the University of Maryland, and the Research Corporation of New York. The chief aim of the division is to build up a strong spectro- photometric laboratory, whose staff of physicists and technicians will work in cooperation with men of biological training. The re- searches to be undertaken fall into two classes: (1) Direct investiga- tion upon living organisms, and (2) fundamental molecular struc- ture and photochemical investigations related to the biological problems. In connection with the first, an experiment was made to determine the amount of bending of plants towards light of var- ious wave lengths. Briefly, the experiment showed that red or infra- red light produced no effect; that yellow light produced a small but measurable bending; that green light was 1,000 times more effective than yellow; and that blue hight was 30 times more effective than green, or 30,000 times more effective than yellow. These results are so interesting that preparations are under way for a more elaborate experiment. Under the second heading above, no work could be undertaken ° at the Smithsonian because of lack of funds and shop equipment. Some progress was made, however, in the preparation of equipment, and through the cooperation of the Fixed Nitrogen Laboratory, Mr. Liddell of its staff continued an investigation begun there by Doctor Brackett before his appointment by the Smithsonian. This project, which was completed as far as the equipment permitted, involved the study of the near infra-red absorption spectra of the halogen deviations of benzene. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Expeditions in the field are essential to the Smithsonian’s work in anthropology, biology, geology, and astrophysics. Twenty-eight major expeditions went out during the year to widely scattered regions, bringing back necessary information and valuable speci- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13 mens. The Institution bore the entire expense of a few of these expeditions. For the cost of the others, in part at least, it is indebted to friends of the Smithsonian or to other institutions equally interested in the proposed work. The regions visited by the year’s field expeditions included China, Alaska, Canada, the West Indies, South America, Africa, Europe, the Philippines, and Siam, as well as 13 localities in the United States. I may mention especially Assistant Secretary Dr. A. Wetmore’s bird collecting expedition in Spain, Dr. Paul Bartsch’s explorations for mollusks in the West Indies under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Travelling Scholarship; anthropological studies in Alaska by Dr. AleS Hrdlitka and Mr. Henry B. Collins, jr.; an extended botanical exploring trip in Amazonian Peru and Brazil, by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip; and three separate expeditions to the island of Santo Domingo, namely, Mr. E. C. Leonard’s botanical exploration of northwestern Haiti, Mr. Herbert W. Krieger’s archeo- logical work in the Dominican Republic, and Mr. Arthur J. Poole’s explorations in Haitian caves. Brief accounts of all of these expeditions, fully illustrated, appeared in “Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1929,” Smithsonian Publication No. 3060, and notices of some of them will be found in the reports of certain of the bureaus under the Institution’s direction, appended hereto. COOPERATIVE ETHNOLOGICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS In 1928 Congress authorized the appropriation of $20,000 for cooperative ethnological and archeological investigations in the several States. The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution was designated to approve the investigations proposed, and if found desirable, to allot from the money appropriated a sum equal to that raised for the purpose by any State educational institution, or scientific organization in the United States. He was named also to direct the work and to divide the results thereof. Fifteen allot- ments for approved investigations have been made during the year, as follows: Allotments from the fund for cooperative ethnological and archeological investi- gations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930 1929 Nov. 6. University of Nebraska, for an archeological survey of the Missouri, Platte, and Republican River Valleys in Nebraska, $1,000. 1930 Jan. 17. University of Chicago, for continuation of an archeological survey of Illinois, $1,000. Mar. 17. Logan Museum, for archeological researches in Mandan villages, $1,000. Mar. 17. University of Kentucky, for archeological researches in eastern and and western Kentucky, $500, 14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Mar. 21. University of California, for work among the Paviotso and Modoc in northeastern California, $250. Mar. 21. University of California, for further work on Yokuts shamanism, $150. Mar. 21. University of California, for a study of Yuki groups, $150. Mar. 21. University of California, to continue and if possible complete work on northwestern California basketry, $150. Mar. 21. University of California, for work on the Tolowa, a little known group of Athabascans in the extreme northwestern corner of Cali- fornia, $125. Mar. 21. University of California, to continue work on the Northern Wintun, $100. Mar. 21. San Diego Museum, for an archeological investigation of Los Angeles and Orange counties, $800. Mar. 25. University of Illinois, for archeological investigation in the vicinity of Utica, Ill., $1,000. April 4. University of Denver and Museum of Natural History of Denver, for an archeological survey of eastern Colorado, $1,500. May 27. Phillips Academy, for an archeological survey of Merrimack Valley, $1,000. June 13. Indiana Historical Bureau, to continue archeological survey of Indiana, $1,000. The above list, with that given in my last annual report, will serve to indicate the widespread interest aroused through this coopera- tive project for the study and preservation of the Indian material and data in the various States. PUBLICATIONS The publications of the Institution are issued in 11 distinct series, which total approximately 10,000 pages a year. ‘The Institution proper publishes three of the series, namely, Smithsonian Annual Re- ports, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, and Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections; the other series are issued by the bureaus under Smithsonian direction. The Contributions to Knowledge, in quarto, which for many years was the best known of all of the series, has in recent years been suspended because the higher costs of print- ing made it impracticable to issue monographs in the more expen- sive quarto form. The Institution expects however to resume the Contributions when more resources become available. A total of 95 volumes and pamphlets appeared during the year, and 168,163 copies of Smithsonian publications were distributed, including 19,575 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Miscel- laneous Collections, 29,886 volumes and separates of the Smithso- nian Annual Reports, 4,598 Smithsonian special publications, 87,323 publications of the National Museum and 24,868 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology. ‘Titles and authors and other in- formation regarding the year’s publications are given in the report of the editor, appendix 11, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 15 The Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress con- tained the usual General Appendix made up of articles in semipopular style to present the progress in nearly all branches of science during the year. These reports continue in wide demand, and many letters are received expressing appreciation of the Institution’s efforts to give the nontechnical reader an authentic survey of the yearly advance along the scientific front. SMITHSONIAN SCIENTIFIC SERIES As stated in my last report, the Institution decided in 1928 to issue a popular, profusely illustrated series of 12 volumes relating to the several branches of science coming within the scope of its activities, with the expectation that through the sale of this series, increased resources might become available for the furtherance of its scientific work. The sale of the books, known as the Smith- sonian Scientific Series, is entirely in the hands of the New York publishers, the Smithsonian’s part being only that of author. Volumes one to four appeared in 1929, as follows: 1. The Smithsonian Institution, by Webster Prentiss True. 2. The Sun and the Welfare of Man, by Charles Greeley Abbot. 3. Minerals from Earth and Sky. Part I, The Story of Meteorites, by George P. Merrill; Part II, Gems and Gem Minerals, by William F.. Foshag. 4. The North American Indians. An account of the American Indians north of Mexico, compiled from the original sources, by Rose A. Palmer. Volumes five to eight were still in press at the close of the fiscal year, but were expected to be received from the printer very soon thereafter. They are as follows: 5. Insects: Their Ways and Means of Living, by R. E. Snodgrass. 6. Wild Animals in and out of the Zoo, by William M. Mann. 7. Man from the Farthest Past, by C. W. Bishop, C. G. Abbot, and A. Hrdlitka. 8. Cold-Blooded Vertebrates, by C. W. Gilmore, D. M. Cochran, and 8. F. Hildebrand. The remaining four volumes are in press or in an advanced state of preparation, and will be issued during the coming year. LIBRARY The Smithsonian library is composed of 10 divisional and 36 sec- tional libraries. The divisional libraries include the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress, which is the Institution’s main library, the office library, the Langley Aeronautical Library, and the seven libraries of the bureaus under administrative direction of the Institution, the largest of which is the National Museum library. This last includes the 36 sectional libraries, which are the working units kept in the various divisions of the Museum. The whole library numbers over 800,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. The year’s accessions totaled 14,277 items, of which 7,979 were volumes and 6,298 were pamphlets and charts. 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 An important change during the year was the removal of the Langley Aeronautical Library from the Smithsonian Building to the Library of Congress, where although still remaining a unit of the Smithsonian library, it will be more centrally available to the stu- dent. Many gifts were received during the year, among which may be mentioned a collection of 1,400 volumes on various subjects from Mr. James Townsend Russell, jr.; 150 volumes and 1,000 periodicals chiefly on aeronautics from the National Aeronautic Association; and 58 volumes on Japanese history and literature from the Histori- ographical Institute, Tokyo. Further progress was made on the union catalogue, but this large task will require many years for completion unless additional assist- ants are provided. The congested condition of the Museum library was relieved for the time being by the installation of 400 feet of new shelving. The librarian notes that although two additional assistants are provided for in the coming year, six more are needed to enable the library to render the desired service to the work of the Institution. GOVERNMENTALLY SUPPORTED BRANCHES NATIONAL MUSEUM The event of the year for the Museum was the passage of the Smoot-Elliott bill authorizing an appropriation for the extension of the Natural History Building by the construction of wings at the east and west ends at a cost of $6,500,000. These additions, which will follow the style and general arrangement of the present building, will relieve the greatly overcrowded condition of the offices and exhibition halls, and also will permit of normal expansion of the national collections which are the foundation for researches in pure science and consequently for their application to the welfare of mankind. The appropriations for the maintenance of the Museum for the year totaled $762,514, an increase of $14,490, of which $9,500 pro- vided for salaries of five additional positions, namely an assistant curator of mollusks, an additional clerk in the administrative office, and three sergeants of the watch. These additions to the personnel were of great benefit to the Museum’s work, but several offices are still undermanned, both as to scientific and clerical workers. Additions to the collections during the year totaled 410,815 speci- mens, the majority coming to the department of biology. Material sent in for expert examination and report numbered 1,306 lots, and gifts of duplicate material to schools totaled 11,474 specimens. Ex- changes to the number of 12,649 specimens were sent out, and 33,208 were loaned to scientific workers outside of Washington. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 17 Large collections of material representing the Indian and Eskimo tribes of Alaska came to the department of anthropology through the field work there by Dr. AleS Hrdlitka and Mr. Henry B. Col- lins, jr. There may also be mentioned an ethnological collection from Nigeria and the gold and ivory coasts of Africa, from Mr. C. C. Roberts; prayer stones and other objects of a religious nature from Tibet, presented by Mr. Charles §. Isham; and ethnological material from the Dominican Republic collected by Mr. H. W. Krieger. Among the great amount of material received by the department of biology there stand out extensive collections given by the Na- tional Geographic Society, including birds and plants brought from western China by Dr. Joseph F. Rock and insects and plants from northern Brazil collected by Mr. E. G. Holt; further general natural history collections made in China by the Rev. D. C. Graham; bi- ological material from Siam from Dr. Hugh M. Smith; and a very complete series of birds’ eggs from Mr. A. C. Bent. The most important single object received by the department of geology was the great flawless crystal ball 127 inches in diameter presented by Mrs. Worcester Reed Warner as a memorial to her husband. Through the income of the Roebling fund and of the Frances Lea Chamberlain fund, a considerable number of fine min- eral specimens and gem stones were added to the collections. Through the field work of Resser, Gilmore, Gidley, and others of the Museum staff, large and valuable collections of fossils have been added. Many interesting accessions came to the arts and industries de- partment, prominent among them being the gift by Mr. Rudolph Rickemeyer of a large series of examples of his own work in pic- torial photography, together with a library of works on photography. Mr. Eickemeyer has provided in his will a fund for the care of the collection. The division of history received among other historical material five pieces of china used in the White House by President James Madison, presented by Miss Mary M. McGuire, and a gown worn by Mrs. Calvin Coolidge presented for the costume collection by Mrs. Coolidge. A large number of field expeditions went out under the direction of members of the Museum staff, financed chiefly by the private income of the Smithsonian Institution or through the aid of inter- ested friends and patrons. These expeditions are described briefly in the report of the National Museum, Appendix 1. The lecture rooms and auditorium of the Museum were used by Government and other agencies for hearings, meetings, and lectures to the number of 135. Visitors to the Museum totalled 1,894,989 for the year. Sixteen volumes and 35 pamphlets were published, and 87,323 copies of Museum publications were distributed. 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART The leading event of the year was the exhibition in the gallery of the 78 American paintings purchased during the last 10 years from the Ranger fund, which are subject to consideration as additions to the gallery’s permanent collections as provided in the Ranger be- quest. The paintings were lent for the exhibition by the institu- tions to which they were assigned by the National Academy of De- sign. The exhibition was opened on December 10, 1929, with a reception by the Secretary and Regents of the Institution, the Director of the National Gallery, and the members of the National Gallery of Art Commission; the National Academy of Design was repre- sented by six of its officials. Besides the exhibition of Ranger paintings, four special exhibits were held during the year, namely, sculpture of Edgardo Simone, portraits by Edwin B. Child, paintings, sculptures, etc., by contem- porary Hungarian artists, and paintings by American Negro artists. FREER GALLERY OF ART* Additions to the collections by purchase during the year include examples of early Egyptian bookbinding; Chinese bronzes; Chinese jade objects; Persian and Egyptian manuscripts; Persian, Indian, Chinese, and Egyptian paintings; Chinese porcelain bowls; Chinese pottery; South Indian bronze sculpture; Chinese silver objects; and Chinese silver-gilt objects. Curatorial work included the documentary study of inscriptions on new purchases as well as those on objects already in the collection. Expert opinion was given to other institutions and individuals re- garding 834 objects and 185 photographs of objects sent in for examination. With the expert aid of Dr. A. K. Coomaraswamy, a large group of paintings in the Near Eastern section, purchased in 1907 from Col. H. B. Hanna, has undergone complete revision and reclassification. The year’s total attendance was 120,651; of these 1,349 visited the offices for general information or for study purposes. Sixteen groups were given docent service in the exhibition galleries, and 10 classes were given instruction in the study room. ‘Two lectures were given in the auditorium: “ The Caves of the Thousand Buddhas,” by Sir Aurel Stein; and “ Indian Sculpture: Intention and Develop- ment,” by Dr. A. K. Coomaraswamy. The field expedition was able, in spite of disturbed conditions, to make interesting investigations at the site of the Liang dynasty (A. D. 502-556) tombs, near Nanking, China. 4The Government’s expense in connection with the Freer Gallery of Art consists mainly in the care of the building and certain other custodial matters. Other expenses are paid from the Freer endowment funds. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The work of the bureau covered the usual wide range of ethnologi- cal and archeological investigations on many Indian tribes and sites of the United States. The chief, Mr. M. W. Stirling, made an archeological reconnaissance of the Ten Thousand Islands, Fla., and excavated mounds at Lacooche and at Safety Harbor, Fla. He de- livered lectures before numerous scientific and educational bodies. Dr. John R. Swanton continued his field work on the Choctaw of Mississippi and the Creeks of Oklahoma, and began the work of translating the words of his Timucua dictionary. Dr. Truman Michelson studied the Algonquian tribes of Oklahoma, and Mr. John P. Harrington obtained much of the language and ethnology of the San Juan Tribe of California through an aged informant. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., conducted extensive archeological ex- cavations at the Long H Ranch, in eastern Arizona, revealing 18 pit houses, 3 jacal, pole, and mud structures, and a pueblo ruin con- taining 49 rooms and 4 kivas. Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt continued his studies of the Iroquois Indians of Canada and New York State, and Dr. Francis LaF lesche nearly completed his Osage dictionary before his retirement on December 26, 1929. Miss Frances Densmore studied the music of 10 tribes—the Acoma, Menominee, Winnebago, Yuma, Cocopa, Mohave, Yagui, Makah, Clayoquot, and Quilente. Five bulletins and a list of publications of the bureau were issued during the year, and a total of 24,868 copies of bureau publications were distributed. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE The Exchange Service handled during the year a total of 694,665 packages of governmental, scientific, and literary publications, which represented a total weight of 708,094 pounds. This constitutes an increase of 12 per cent in number of packages, and 14 per cent in weight over the previous year. The material handled by the Exchange Service includes publica- tions received from this country for transmission to foreign coun- tries, and also those sent from abroad for distribution to addresses in this country. They are classified as parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and miscellaneous scientific and literary publications. The parliamentary and departmental documents in- clude all matter published by Congress and by the Government de- partments, bureaus, and commissions. ‘These constitute the bulk of the publications handled by the Exchange Service, 74 per cent of the work of the office being conducted in behalf of the United States governmental establishments. The miscellaneous scientific and literary publications are received for distribution chiefly from learned societies, educational institutions, scientific organizations, and museums. 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Animals added to the collection during the year numbered 759, while 974 were removed through death, exchange, and return of ani- mals, the collection standing at 1,996 at the close of the year. Owing to lack of further housing facilities, it has been necessary to choose very carefully in making additions to the collection, with the result. that the park now contains a great many rarities, including a number of species not shown in any other American zoo. The total attendance at the park was estimated at 2,525,141, about the same as in the preceding year. This total included 28,814 stu- dents from 465 different schools. The value of the park as an educa- tional institution, quite apart from its recreational value, is coming to be more and more recognized. Here may be seen visitors of all ages and all degrees of learning, from the young child to the veteran research worker and the advanced medical man, each of whom can learn something of value concerning animals and animal life. Construction of the new reptile house authorized by Congress was started in March, 1930. The best modern ideas as to the exhibi- tion of reptiles will be incorporated in the building, which will per- mit the National Zoo to show for the first time an adequate representation of these interesting creatures. The next most ur- gently needed building is one for small mammals, with which also would be exhibited the great apes; these latter are at present shown in inadequate cages where comparatively few people can see them at a time. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY The central station at Washington and the three observing sta- tions on Mount Montezuma, Chile; Table Mountain, Calif.; and Mount Brukkaros, South West Africa, have continued the exact measurement of the intensity of the radiation of the sun as it is at mean solar distance outside the earth’s atmosphere. The values from Mount Montezuma have continued to be satisfactory and are cabled to Washington each day; the values from Table Mountain are found to be influenced by the haziness or humidity of the atmosphere, and a new method of reduction to allow for these effects was being developed at the close of the year, preliminary trials of which give promising results. Reduction of Mount Brukkaros observations is being postponed until this method is further tested for Table Mountain. It has recently been discovered that a variation of large percentage exists in the quantity of ozone at high levels above Table Mountain. In order to make ozone corrections to solar constant values obtained there from the year 1925 on, it became necessary to devise a method REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21 of computing the correction from the daily solar constant observa- tions themselves, and this was successfully accomplished during the year. The most important feature of the year’s work was the discovery of an apparently considerable influence of short-period solar variation on the temperature of the United States. The variations as recorded through six consecutive years at Mount Montezuma were compared with temperature changes in Washington, Williston, and Yuma, selecting for the purpose sequences of ascending and descending solar radiation values occupying about four days per sequence. Cor- responding to the average change of 0.8 per cent in the sun, there appear to be temperature changes of the order of 5° F. in Washing- ton. The sign of the correlation changes in a very interesting way during the year. Although this relation is complicated, it offers promise for weather forecasting nearly a week in advance. These are tentative results. It is proposed to study barometric pressures as well as temperatures, and to extend the investigation to other parts of the United States and of the world. INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Since the suspension of publication of the International Catalogue because of the inability of European countries to bear their share of its financial support following the World War, the United States bureau has made it a policy to spend only as much of the annual congressional appropriation as is needed to keep the organization alive pending the resumption of publication. The report of the assistant in charge, Appendix 9, quotes from an article in Science by Dr. E. C. Richardson, who presents a strong ease for the importance of revivifying the International Catalogue. His conclusions, in brief, are that the catalogue is an indispensable tool for research workers; that an organization which, if scrapped, would require a $3,000,000 endowment to build up again, is ready and waiting to resume the work of the catalogue when a very modest fund is made available to it; and that in the catalogue the research trust endowments wil] find an organization that can give the greatest bibliographical service to research for the least outlay of funds. NECROLOGY WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT William Howard Taft, Chief Justice of the United States and Chancellor of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, died in Washington on March 8, 1930. Of a man so prominently before the American public for so many years, it seems unnecessary here to present more than a very brief outline of his career. * 28095—31——3 ye) ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Born in Cincinnati in 1857, Taft graduated from Yale University in 1878. He took the law course, and after a short period as law reporter for a newspaper, his public career began. In turn assistant prosecuting attorney, collector of internal revenue of the first dis- trict of Ohio, and assistant county solicitor of Hamilton County, he was next appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Cincinnati, and in 1890, Solicitor General of the United States. For eight years beginning 1892 he was United States circuit judge for the sixth judicial district, and in 1901, President McKinley appointed him civil governor of the Philippine Islands. In 1908 came his election as President of the United States, and after the completion of his term, there followed a few years of private life. In 1921 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, from which position he had been forced by ill health to resign only a short time before his death. Through his many high offices, Mr. Taft had been connected with the Institution for many years, serving as a member of the Insti- tution and its presiding officer, ex officio, and as Chancellor of its Board of Regents. GEORGE PERKINS MERRILL George Perkins Merrill, head curator of geology, died suddenly in Auburn, Me., on August 15, 1929. Doctor Merrill was born in Auburn on May 31, 1854, and was graduated from the University of Maine with the degree of B. S. in 1879. He pursued advanced studies at Wesleyan and Johns Hopkins Universities which later resulted in the degrees of M. S. and Ph. D. from his alma mater. In 1893 he became professor of geology at Columbian, later George Washington University, continuing his lectures until 1916, and was given the honorary degree of Sc. D. in 1917. Doctor Merrill’s connection with the National Museum began with the organization of 1880. He served in various capacities in the geological division until 1897, when, under a reorganization, he was appointed head curator of the department of geology, which position he held until his death. The growth of the department from a com- paratively few specimens, resulting chiefly from the United States Land Office and other early Government surveys, to its present position among the notable geological collections of the world, is largely due to Doctor Merrill’s ability as an executive and his devo- tion and loyalty to the Institution. He was preeminently a museum man and an artist in methods of display, as can be attested by the harmonious arrangement of the exhibition halls under his charge. Doctor Merrill early became interested in building stones and was regarded as the leading expert on this subject, his opinion being REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 93 sought in connection with such important structures as the Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Cathedral, and many other public build- ings. His treatise on “ Stones for Building and Decoration ” ran to three editions. Again, his researches on rock weathering and soil formation led an eminent authority to say: “ The greatest work on the genesis of soils we owe to Merrill.” A publication on “ Non-Metallic Min- erals—Their Occurrence and Uses ” further illustrates his versatility in geological research. Later, the collection of meteorites in the Museum became the object of special interest, his researches on these celestial bodies, resulting in no less than 60 papers, receiving recognition by the presentation of the J. Lawrence Smith medal! of the National Academy of Sciences. “The Story of Meteorites,” written in popular style, appeared as part 1 of volume 3 of the Smithsonian Scientific Series—* Minerals from Earth and Sky.” Among the most interesting and valuable of his many contribu- tions is his historical work on geological subjects. His “ contribu- tions to a History of American Geology,” published in 1904 as part of the report of the Smithsonian Institution, was, in 1924, expanded into “ The First One Hundred Years of American Geology.” He also compiled a “ History of American State Geological and Natural History Surveys,” issued as Bulletin 109 of the National Museum. A paper for the Museum’s archives, practically completed just before Doctor Merrill left on his vacation from which he never re- turned, is “An Historical Account of the Department of Geology in the U. S. National Museum ”—most timely in its preparation since no other could have been so well qualified to prepare such a record. ARTHUR BENONI BAKER Arthur Benoni Baker, assistant director of the National Zoological Park, died in Washington February 8, 1930. Mr. Baker was born at Otisco, New York, in 1858, and as a young man worked in Ward’s natural science establishment. At that time Ward’s, though a com- mercial institution, served as a training school for numerous young men who afterwards attained distinction in scientific work. With Mr. Baker were such men as Carl Akeley and William Morton Wheeler. Later Mr. Baker spent eight years fossil hunting in Kansas, and then in November, 1890, accepted a position in the National Zoologi- cal Park, where he served continuously until his death, except for a period of six months when he was on furlough and in charge of the Boston Zoological Garden. In 1909 he made a trip to Nairobi, East Africa, and brought home a collection of animals that had been presented to the Zoo by Sir 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Donald MacMillan through Theodore Roosevelt. On the trip out he made a hurried inspection of many zoological gardens in Europe and much of the information he gained there was used in the develop- ment of the National Zoological Park. Another expedition was to Porto Rico, where in company with other Smithsonian scientists he made valuable natural history collections. It is largely due to the knowledge and devotion of Mr. Baker that the Zoological Park has attained its present position. His knowl- edge of zoos in general was profound; of the National Zoological Park, complete. He retained in his remarkable memory an almost unbelievable mass of detail. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Asgor, Secretary. APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi- tion and operations of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930: The total appropriations for the maintenance of the National Mu- seum for this period amounted to $762,514, an increase of $14,490 over the appropriations for the year 1929. Of this amount $9,500 pro- vided salaries for five additional positions on the staff, namely, an assistant curator of mollusks, an additional clerk in the administra- tive office, and three sergeants of the watch. This assistance in per- sonnel has very definite value in the administration of the various units concerned and brings added efficiency to the organization as a whole. A small sum of the increase indicated provided efliciency promo- tions for a number of trained mechanics who had not been cared for properly when other classes of employees had been promoted previously. There was a further increase to provide for the con- struction of a gallery to give additional space for study collections in the vertebrate paleontological laboratory, where crowding had become serious. The construction for this is of the same general type as that used for a similar gallery in the National Herbarium. The second deficiency bill for 1930 contained an item of $3,500 under repairs and alterations of buildings, available in the fiscal years 1930 and 1931, for the remodelling of a comfort room in the Arts and Industries Building. As this bill became law on July 3, 1930, after the close of the fiscal year here under report, these funds accordingly will be used in the fiscal year 1931, and a state- ment on them will be made in the report for that year. Growth in personnel in the National Museum has progressed reasonably, but further additions are required in a number of the administrative units before the staff can be considered properly de- veloped to enable it to function as it should. There are several major groups of animals where systematic workers of high type are needed as curators to carry on necessary research that the Museum may be able to assist the public who desire information concerning the creatures in question. Additional assistance in the scientific grades is also required in some of the major groups where the volume 26 26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 of work is beyond the capacity of the present staff to handle en- tirely adequately. Clerical assistance also is at a minimum, and there remain a considerable number of offices in which stenographic and clerical help is not at present available. Naturally this detracts from the efficiency of these offices since scientific workers who should be occupied otherwise are through necessity compelled to devote con- siderable time to routine work of a clerical nature. It is impera- tive that regular additions be made to our personnel to assist in these necessary functions. Further assistance is required in the shops, on the guard force, and in the labor force since it is at present neces- sary annually to obtain temporary workers in the groups concerned. The employment of temporary services, particularly where specialized work is concerned, is of doubtful expediency since necessarily part of the time is occupied in training, and there is more liability to error than with workers on a permanent basis. Exploration and field work under the National Museum are financed largely by the Smithsonian Institution through its private income, and by friends who supply funds for various projects of particular interest. Existing appropriations for the National Mu- seum are so largely taken up with routine expenditures that there is little available that may be used for research in the field. Further money should come from our appropriations for these ends. Interest of the general public in scientific matters, particularly of the type that comes within the scope of the National Museum, is plainly evident through the demand that comes for popular exposi- tion in scientific subjects. So far as the National Museum is con- cerned this interest is shown by the nearly 2,000,000 visitors who come annually to its halls. These persons, together with the many others who have an interest in such things, are among those who contribute to national income in the form of taxes. With their interest in these matters in mind it seems entirely logical that a part of their con- tributions should be devoted to furthering the development of the Museum which serves them in such various ways. ADDITIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY BUILDING The Congress gave definite consideration during the year to the question of additional housing for the collections of the National Museum, with the result that the Smoot-Elliott bill authorizing the extension of the Natural History Building through wings at the east and west ends at a cost of $6,500,000 was passed without a dis- senting vote. The bill was approved by the President on June 19, 1930. Under this authorization it is planned to add to the present build- ing so that it will extend from Ninth to Twelfth Streets on the same REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ys width of base. In general it is contemplated that the style of the present structure will be duplicated, with the ground and third floor occupied by offices and laboratories, and the two intermediate floors devoted to exhibits. Present plans contemplate a request for funds for the preparation of definite architect’s designs in the urgent defi- ciency bill for 1931. The friendly consideration given to the import- ant matter of the authorization for this work by the congressional committees involved has been deeply appreciated by the Institution. The construction planned will provide adequately for housing needs for the natural history collections. Following this, careful consideration should be given to proper space for the arts and indus- tries series. The present building occupied by these collections, the old National Museum built in 1881, is now antiquated in design and unfitted for modern needs in museum exhibition. It should be re- placed by a new structure that will provide ample halls for the show- ing of the important and valuable exhibits of the type mentioned. The historical collections of the Nation, of interest and attraction to every patriotic American, at present are also in the old building. These collections, which are steadily growing with the accession of irreplaceable specimens, should be housed in a separate structure where such objects as the Star-Spangled Banner and the memorabilia of many famous men may be fittingly and attractively displayed. COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections of the National Museum during the fiscal year have reached the total of 410,815 separate specimens, the greater part of these coming as in previous years to the depart- ment of biology. The additions, while not quite equal to those of last year, are of comparable value and importance to those of the last few years. Large donations have come from a number of sources, the museum as a governmental institution being recognized as a permanent organization in which valuable material will receive the care and attention that insure long preservation. The growing recognition of the National Museum as a repository of this kind is highly gratifying. Materials of various kinds sent in for examina- tion and report during the year amounted to 1,306 lots, including many thousands of separate specimens. Gifts of duplicate materials made to schools and other educational institutions included 11,474 specimens, while in exchange with other scientific organizations and individuals there were sent out 12,649 specimens, these being dupli- cates for which return was made to the Museum collections. Loans to scientific workers outside of Washington included 338,208 speci- mens, many of which were of considerable value. Following is a digest of the more important accessions for the year in the various departments and divisions of the Museum: 28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Anthropology.—Collections from Alaska again are of major im- portance among the accessions in this department. Among these there are two principal lots of material that have come in part through the assistance of the Smithsonian Institution. Doctor Hrdlicka in travel down the Yukon River obtained rich collections representing Indian and Eskimoan tribes, and in addition obtained valuable sets of ivory implements from the Bering Sea area. Henry B. Collins, jr., in further field work on St. Lawrence Island and sites on the coast of Bering Sea and Kotzebue Sound secured a collection containing many ivory and other implements that are of great value in supplementing his collections of last year. Further there was obtained by purchase a series of specimens from Point Hope representing various phases of Eskimoan culture. The entire lot represents a selection of western Eskimoan artifacts from the earliest times, still further increasing the value of our excellent series of this kind. A further collection from Nigeria and the Gold and Ivory coasts of Africa presented by C. C. Roberts has supplemented previous gifts of a similar nature from the same source, until now we have for the first time adequate representation of the Haussa, Fulah, and Yoruba tribes. The Department of Agriculture, through Dr. E. W. Brandes of the Bureau of Plant Industry, transferred excellent collections of stone axes, decorated human heads, and other objects from New Guinea. Collections from Tibet were presented by Charles S. Isham, of New York, including prayer stones and other objects of a religious nature, as well as materials of personal adornment. Further collec- tions have come from China through the efforts of the Rev. D. C. Graham, of Szechwan. In American archeology there came three decorated limestone blocks from the Maya Temple of Chace Mool, deposited by the Republic of Mexico through its Secretaria de Educacion. Valuable specimens were obtained from the excavations in Colorado of Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, jr., of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and from field work by H. W. Krieger, of the National Museum, in the Dominican Republic, funds for this project having been fur- nished by Dr. W. L. Abbott. . Through the Bruce Hughes fund there were acquired artifacts of Sumerian and Babylonian origin for exhibition with other materials from the Old World. Liology.—In the department of biology there were secured exten- sive collections as a gift of the National Geographic Society, includ- ing particularly birds and plants collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 29 in western China, and birds, insects, and plants obtained by E. G. Holt in northern Brazil. Other excellent collections came from the Hon. Gifford Pinchot as the result of a cruise to the Caribbean and Pacific Islands on the yacht Mary Pinchot. A notable collection obtained through the cooperation of the Navy Department was secured by Dr. H. C. Kellers, United States Navy, on the Island of Panay, in the Philippines, during service as medical officer to the Naval Solar Eclipse Expedition. Doctor Bartsch, traveling under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Travelling Scholarship, obtained large series of mollusks in the West Indies, which add remarkably to our collections from that region. Dr. G. A. MacCallum, of Baltimore, presented his entire collection of helminthological material, including many type specimens. Collections forwarded by the Rev. D. C. Graham from western China include many things of great value, particularly among mam- mals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects. There may be mentioned especially three skins of the giant Panda. Further excellent collections from Siam were received from Dr. Hugh M. Smith, long an honorary associate of the Institution. A. C. Bent, a collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution, depos- ited in the division of birds his collection of North American birds’ eggs, a most excellent and complete series. From the Minneapolis Public Library there were obtained more than 1,500 bird skins from the Philippines comprising the Menage collection. The Smith- sonian-Parish expedition to Haiti obtained excellent series of birds, reptiles, and other materials. Under the Swales fund, through money left by the late Bradshaw H. Swales, there were secured 34 skins of birds new to the Museum. The Victorias Milling Co. of Manila presented a considerable number of insects collected by Dr. W. Dwight Pierce. For the division of mollusks there were purchased series of land shells from Jamaica and Haiti through the Chamberlain fund. Through a botanical expedition to Peru and Upper Brazil under E. P. Killip there were acquired more than 27,000 specimens of plants. Geology.—In the department of geology the single accession of greatest importance during the year was the crystal ball presented to the National Museum by Mrs. Worcester Reed Warner as a memorial to her husband, long a friend to the Smithsonian Institu- tion. This ball of flawless crystal 127 inches in diameter, weighing 10634 pounds, is believed to be the largest perfect sphere of its kind in existence. It is one of the most striking objects found in the Museum halls. Through the income of the Roebling fund there have been secured 23 species of minerals not previously represented in our collections, 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 together with a considerable number of exceptionally fine specimens of other kinds. Among them there may be mentioned a topaz crystal weighing over 7 pounds, sets of tourmaline crystals, and a cut yellow sapphire of 25.8 carats. Through the Frances Lea Chamberlain fund there were secured blue and yellow diamonds, a Brazilian emerald, and carvings of jade, tourmaline, coral, amber, carnelian and lapis-lazuli. Valuable specimens of ores and stones have come from several sources. Numerous type specimens have been accessioned in the division of stratigraphic paleontology, particularly fossil plants described by Prof. E. W. Berry. Further fossil plants from the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona, collected and described by Dr. David White, have been presented by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. A collection of several hundred fossils from English localities secured by Mr. B. B. Bancroft has come as a deposit from the Smith- sonian Institution. Other valuable specimens secured in field work by Dr. Resser have included more than 1,200 Cambrian forms. Eight articulated skeletons of the fossil horse Mesohippus bairdi from the Oligocene of Nebraska were purchased. Large series of excellent fossil horse skulls have come also from the field work of Dr. Gidley in Idaho. Valuable material collected by Mr. C, W. Gilmore in the San Juan Basin, N. Mex., has come to the fossil reptile collection through work financed by the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Remington Kellogg and N. H. Boss collecting in Alabama and Mississippi under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington secured a valuable specimen of zeuglodont, together with other material. There may be mentioned also a complete skull and other bones of a large whalebone whale collected by Dr. Kellog at Governors Run, Md. Arts and industries —The gift of the Rudolph Eickemeyer col- lection of photographs and books to the section of photography con- stituted one of the most important accessions to this department, as it includes not only an excellent series of pictorial photographs but also a library of books dealing with this subject, and a series of medals and awards made to Mr. Eickemeyer for the excellence of his work. The gift is further accompanied by an item in the will of Mr. Eickemeyer through which $15,000 is designated as a fund to be used in connection with this collection. The collection of Edward Goodrich Acheson memorabilia, record- ing the researches of this worker, presented by the Acheson Oildag Co., has given important historical material, as has also a collection a o REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 31 of drawings and documents and other things relating to the indus- trial development of the steam boiler presented by the Babcock and Wilcox Co., of New York City, through its President, A. G. Pratt. A series of 21 airplane propellers was presented by the American Propeller Co. The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey trans- ferred 26 specimens of early surveying and navigation instruments, including examples 50 to 75 years old. The family of Leander James McCormick through Robert Hall McCormick presented eight models of labor-saving farm machinery invented and constructed between 1829 and 1835 by Robert Mc- Cormick, of Walnut Grove, Va. These include early types of the McCormick reaper. Many specimens of scientific value added to the study collections of woods include a series of 598 woods from various parts of the world. To the division of graphic arts there came 1,210 prints as a gift from J. Townsend Russell, jr., including the work of many im- portant engravers. The Eastman Kodak Cot presented a ee of items to the section of photographic apparatus. History.—Silverware formerly owned by Thomas McKean, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, presented by Mrs. Frances T. Redwood, and five pieces of chinaware used in the White House by President James Madison, presented by Miss Mary M. McGuire, are among the important accessions in this division. To the costumes collection there came a rose chiffon velvet gown worn by Mrs. Coolidge, on the occasion of the last formal reception in the White House during the administration of her husband, Presi- dent Calvin Coolidge. The gown was presented to the Museum by Mrs. Coolidge. An item of importance added to the military collections was a set of uniforms and accessories of the type worn during the World War and subsequently by officers and enlisted men of the Turkish Army. This material was presented by the Government of Turkey through Ahmet Mouhtar Bey, Turkish Ambassador to the United States. A considerable series of specimens came as a deposit to the numis- matic collections from the American Numismatic Association, in- cluding recent coinages of many countries. The Bureau of the Mint of the Treasury Department transferred a number of ancient and modern coins of importance. The philatelic collection received a large number of specimen stamps from the Post Office Department, as well as a special collec- tion of Chinese stamps presented by the Hon. Liu Shu-fan, Director General of Posts of China. 32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Researches in the field have been carried on as usual by various members of the scientific staff of the Museum, principally by means of funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution through its pri- vate income, with assistance in some instances in the form of con- tributions from friends of the organization who have been interested in different projects. Certain investigations have been financed also under some of the specific funds of the Smithsonian. For some expeditions small allotments have been made from the annual ap- propriations, but these constituted only a small part of the total expenditure for field work, by far the greater portion having come from other sources. An additional appropriation that could be used for field researches is a definite need of the National Museum, and would be of great assistance in promoting its work. A brief account of field work for the present year follows: During the months of December and January, Henry B. Collins, jr., assistant curator in the division of ethnology, conducted field work in Mississippi, the investigations being carried on in cooper- ation with the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, that organization being represented by Messrs. Moreau B. Cham- bers and James A. Ford. The most important result was the finding in Yazoo County of an ancient Indian village site in which the complete floor plan of a large house site was traced by means of the postholes. The structure was round, 60 feet in diameter, and was probably a council house somewhat similar to those described by early explorers in the Creek and Cherokee regions. The open- ing of the fiscal year in July found Mr. Collins in the field excavat- ing at old Eskimo sites on St. Lawrence Island in Bering Sea, and along the coast of Kotzebue Sound in western Alaska. His work included a reconnaissance of the western Alaskan coast from Norton Sound to Point Hope. Actual excavations were carried on at Cape Kialegak on St. Lawrence, Cape Denbigh, Imaruk Basin, and Point Hope, resulting in a large archeological collection. Work on St. Lawrence Island was begun again in June, 1930, with most impor- tant results as indicated by preliminary reports from the field. The National Museum is deeply indebted to the Revenue Cutter Service for its active cooperation in these investigations through trans- portation provided on its vessels to points otherwise inaccessible. Field work in the Dominican Republic was continued by Herbert W. Krieger, curator in the division of ethnology, who began archeological and historical studies in that area in 1928. Mr. Krie- ger’s investigations were made possible by the assistance of Dr. W. L. Abbott, whose interest in the island is of long standing and whose REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 33 first visit to Santo Domingo was in 1883. Investigations during the current year included a reconnaissance of the mountainous inte- rior of the provinces of La Vega, and of Azua, and actual excava- tions at former Indian village sites in the valley of Constanza and on the Caribbean coast at Andres, on the Bay of Andres, 25 miles east of the capital city of Santo Domingo. There was no noteworthy distinction between the artifacts recovered from middens at Con- stanza and at Andres except for the lack of marine products such as bones of fish and turtles, and shells of mollusks in the middens of the central mountains. Shell deposits on the Caribbean coast resemble those found in caves in the province of Samand, and also those in- cluded in the kitchen middens of Monte Cristi Province. Middens throughout the Dominican Republic yield typically Arawakan objects of great variety, ranging from the petaloid polished stone celt, dec- orated pottery with incised and punctate designs, and molded figurine heads of post-archaic type, to the beveled celt of Strombus gigas, shallow undecorated earthenware bowls, crude beads of shell with hour-glass-shape perforation, and other artifacts that in Cuba have been designated as products of the “Ciboney.” Frontal-occipital deformation of skulls from cemeteries, fragments of stone collars, and well-known types of Arawak zemis supply additional evidence of the thorough penetration of the island by the Arawak and con- versely tend to stress the lack of cultural stratigraphy or evidence of the previous occupancy of the island by pre-Arawak tribes. From May 15 to September 23, 1929, N. M. Judd, curator of Amer- ican archeology, was in Arizona supervising the Third Beam Expedi- tion of the National Geographic Society. As a result of these inves- tigations, Dr. A. E. Douglass, of the University of Arizona, was able to complete his tree-ring chronology by establishing a single series of annual growth rings in pine trees, extending from the year 1929 back to 700 A. D. Thus, with over 1,200 years represented, some 40 pre-Spanish Pueblo villages of the Southwest have been correlated with our own calendar—certainly the most outstanding contribution to American archeology in the past quarter century. Following his researches for the National Geographic Society, the curator, at the suggestion of Senator Carl Hayden, visited the Gila and Salt River valleys, Ariz., to examine remaining vestiges of a former network of prehistoric canals and to determine the most feas- ible means of preserving a permanent record of them. On behalf of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Mr. Judd returned to Ari- zona in mid-January to cooperate with Lieut. Edwin B. Bobzien and Sergt. R. A. Stockwell, of the Army photographic personnel, in an aerial survey of the major prehistoric canal systems bordering both the Gila and Salt Rivers. The mosaic photographic maps made from 84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 the air resulting from this survey, though not yet completely studied, indicate results of importance. Doctor Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropology, during the summer of 1929 made his second expedition to Alaska. The work of the present season covered the Yukon from White Horse to Fort Yukon as a reconnoissance, and from Fort Yukon downward con- tinued as an intensive exploration in abandoned and partly washed- away village sites, resulting in valuable collections of skeletal remains and archeological implements. Physical measurements were made on several hundred living natives, some of them the last represent- atives of their tribes, and facial casts and hundreds of photographs were taken. Dr. Paul Bartsch, through the Walter Rathbone Bacon Travelling Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution, continued this season the exploration of West Indian Islands for the study of their terres- trial molluscan fauna, a work begun last year. He left Norfolk, Va., in June, 1929, for Porto Rico, where at San Juan a schooner, the Guillermito, was chartered. Doctor Bartsch was accompanied by Dr. Wiliam W. Hoffman and his assistant, J. Oliver, who were en- gaged in other biological studies. The work began in Porto Rico and then continued to Culebra and St. Thomas. On July 14 the party visited the island of St. John and on the 15th St. Croix. Stops were next made at Tortola, San Martin, Anguilla, San Bartholo- mew, St. Eustatius, St. Cristopher, Nevis, Montserrat, and Grande Terre. On July 31 they had reached Guadeloupe, and August 1 and 2 were on the Saints. They next visited Maria Galante and Domin- ica, and August 7 and 8 were at Martinique. This was followed by exploration of Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, and on August 17 of the Grenadine islets. The expedition arrived at Grenada on August 25 and remained there until the 28th. September 1 to 4 were spent on Trinidad. Margarita Island, off the Venezuelan coast was visited September 7 and 8, followed by stops at Orchilla, E1 Roque, Bonaire, Curacao, and Aruba. On September 24 the party arrived once more at San Juan, Porto Rico. In addition to a rich harvest of molhisks, this expedition as a by-product secured numerous specimens of ani- mals of many groups as detailed elsewhere in this report. Rev. David C. Graham, long a cooperator in the field work of the Smithsonian, in the summer of 1929 made a collecting expedi- tion to the Mupin district in Szechwan, the type locality of many of the species discovered by the Abbé Armand David. Doctor Graham started from his headquarters at Suifu on June 15 and reached Mupin 11 days later. He made collections at several localities in the district with good results, obtaining numerous specimens of mammals, among them three flat skins of the “ giant panda,” birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and insects. He returned in August to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35 Suifu, characterizing the trip as a successful reconnoissance. A number of forms in the different groups enumerated are new to the Museum, and the entire collection is of great importance. Through the cooperation of Mr. Lee Parish, of ‘Tulsa, Okla., there was organized in the late winter the Parish-Smithsonian expedition to Haiti, on which Mr. Parish, and Mr. and Mrs. 8. W. Parish were accompanied by Mr. W. M. Perrygo of the taxidermy staff. The party sailed from Miami, Fla., on February 15, on the yacht L’sper- anza, passing along the north coast of Cuba, where stops for col- lecting were made at Gebara, Moa Key, the mainland opposite Moa, and Port Tanamo. In Haiti visits were made to Gonave and Petit Gonave Islands, both north and south sides of the southern penin- sula, Lle-’-Vache off the south coast, and Navassa Island. Mr. Per- rygo returned by steamer from Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on May 28, arriving in New York June 2. The specimens brought back include 35 mammals, about 600 birds, 206 reptiles, 281 fish, marine inverte- brates, and echinoderms, as well as some live animals for the National Zoological Park. The material is of importance and will give much information of value concerning the area covered. The Museum has also had the valued cooperation of the Hon. Gifford Pinchot in the Pinchot South Sea Expedition which sailed from Brooklyn, N. Y., on March 30, 1929, in the auxiliary yacht. Mary Pinchot. The party consisted of the Hon. Gifford Pinchot, Mrs. Pinchot, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and Dr. A. K. Fisher of the Biological Survey, De- partment of Agriculture, who through cooperation of the survey was detailed to make collections for the National Museum. No stops were made until Key West was reached on April 7, when four days were spent at this interesting place. A short stop was made at Habana, whence the expedition proceeded to Grand Cayman Island, On April 16 and 17 a collection of birds and other zoological speci- mens was made there, and the party then continued to Swan, Old Providence, and St. Andrews Islands. A hummingbird new to science was taken on the island of St. Andrews. Cristobal, in the Canal Zone, was reached on April 29 and on account of engine trouble the expedition was detained for the following month in the Canal Zone. On June 1 the Mary Pinchot left Balboa for Cocos Island, where several days were spent collecting specimens. They continued to the Galapagos Islands on June 11. The first stop was made at Tower Island, followed by visits to Indefatigable, Seymour, Charles, Hood, Chatham, Barrington, Albemarle, Narborough, and a number of smaller islands. Considerable collections of birds and other zoological material were obtained by August 26, when the party continued westward. At Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, the flightless cormorant and penguin were found. From the Galapagos 36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Islands the expedition proceeded 3,100 miles to the Marquesas Is- lands, where they visited Hiva-oa, Fatu-Hiva, Uahuka, Nukahiva, and later Eiao, one of the islands of the northern group. From this point the voyage continued to the Tuamotu Islands. Fruit pigeons, robber crabs and other crustaceans, corals, and shells were collected. ‘The cruise was ended at Papeete, Tahiti; because of the lateness of the season the party returned by steamer to San Francisco, arriving there on October 25, 1929. The Mary Pinchot was taken back to Savannah, Ga., by the officers and crew. Through the untiring energy of Mr. Pinchot and of Doctor Fisher, who represented the Museum on the expedition, large and valuable collections including porpoises, bats, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects, and other animals have come to the Museum as noted elsewhere in this report, numerous forms being new to our collections. The explorations of Dr. Hugh M. Smith in Siam were continued throughout the year. Among other journeys he made a trip to the mountains of northern and northeastern Siam, where little zoological collecting has been done before. As in previous years a number of species new to science have been obtained. In May, 1930, Doctor Wetmore made a short collecting trip princi- pally for birds in the mountains of northern Spain, where he ob- tained a number of forms new to the Museum collections. His work was carried out principally from Puente de los Fierros, Busdongo, and Riafio. Dr. Joseph F. Rock continued work, under the auspices of the National Geographic Society, in the semi-independent kingdom of Muli, in southwestern Szechwan, China, and also visited the Minya- konka Mountains. He made important collections of birds and plants, the specimens coming to the National Museum as a gift from the National Geographic Society. Mr. Ernest G. Holt, traveling under the auspices of the National Geographic Society, accompanied a boundary survey party along the Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier, returning to this country with a valuable collection of birds, reptiles, plants, and other material which was presented to the National Museum by the National Geo- graphic Society. Dr. H. C. Kellers, United States Navy, who through cooperation of the Navy Department was attached as surgeon to the Solar Eclipse Expedition to the island of Panay, P. I., returned with large zoologi- eal collections, principally of reptiles, fishes, and marine inverte- brates, which are of great scientific value. Dr. J. M. Aldrich was in Europe at the beginning of the fiscal year examining types of species of flies in the British Museum. In July he proceeded to Bergen, Norway, and after a brief collecting excur- sion there continued to Sweden, where he spent a successful season REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37 collecting at Are. During this work he ascended the Areskutan, a mountain 5,000 feet high, where Zetterstedt, 100 years before, had made important entomological collections. Doctor Aldrich left Washington on May 15, 1930, for a collecting trip to the high altitudes of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and north- ern California, a journey on which he was absent at the end of the fiscal year. Mr. H. H. Shamel, of the division of mammals, was detailed for about three weeks in May, 1930, to collect natural history specimens in southwestern Missouri and eastern Kansas. ‘Twenty days were spent in Barry and McDonald Counties, Mo., and a few days in Montgomery and Harvey Counties, Kans. The collection obtained included 65 mammals, 399 fishes, 34 birds, and between 100 and 125 reptiles, invertebrates, and insects, as well as three living mammals for the National Zoological Park. ‘The black-tailed jack rabbit obtained in Barry County, Mo., was of interest as it is said to have been in this region for only about 20 years, though previously re- corded for Missouri from Vernon County. E. D. Reid, of the division of fishes, was detailed from March 20 to April 12, 1930, to make collections of fresh-water animals in the highlands of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. He secured a fine lot of amphibians. E. P. Killip, associate curator of plants, accompanied by Mr. Albert C. Smith and Mr. W. J. Dennis, made an extended journey to eastern Peru and Amazonian Brazil, remaining in the field from April 9, 1929, to November 15, 1929. The expedition, under the Smithsonian Institution, made general botanical collections and in- vestigated especially the various plants used as fish poisons. The New York Botanical Garden cooperated in the project by allowing Mr. Smith, a member of the Garden staff, leave of absence for the work. Nearly 27,000 specimens were collected, and such studies as have been made to date show that a large number of novelties were obtained. Many species have never before been brought back to American herbaria. Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, custodian of the grass herbarium, spent the months from July to October, 1929, in South and East Africa, col- lecting and studying grasses. He visited Cape Colony, Transvaal, Portuguese East Africa, Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Kenya, and Uganda, obtaining a large number of specimens. He was an officially invited guest of the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in South Africa. Mrs. Agnes Chase, of the grass herbarium, made an expedition to Brazil during the months October to May, visiting the States of Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, Sao Paulo, and 28095—31——4 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Mattogrosso. More than 2,500 collection numbers were obtained, with an average of five specimens to each number. For four months of the last fiscal year and extending into the early part of this, Dr. W. F. Foshag was engaged in field work in the borax regions of California, Nevada, and Oregon, collecting under the Roebling fund of the Smithsonian Institution with the collaboration of the Harvard Mineralogical Museum. The purposes of the expedition were to study the mineralogy and geology of the borax deposits, with particular regard to their origin, and to obtain for the Museum a comprehensive collection of typical minerals and ores. It was thought desirable to undertake the work at this time since changes in the borax industry have rendered obsolete many of the most interesting of the deposits. Some very fine exhibition speci- mens, a comprehensive series illustrating the geology and mineralogy of the deposits, and much duplicate material resulted. In the latter part of April Doctor Foshag was detailed to examine some mineral localities in North Carolina. Through the courtesy of Messrs. Burnham 8. Colburn and Will Colburn of Biltmore Forest, he was enabled to visit Spruce Pine, Balsam Gap, Mason’s Mountain, Webster, and Statesville, and to collect rare uranium and other minerals. In order to carry out an expressed wish of the late Dr. Frank Springer, Dr. R. 8S. Bassler visited Europe for the purpose of making casts of various type specimens of crinoids preserved in foreign museums. His chief object was to obtain facsimiles of the specimens described by Barrande, which, with many other mementoes of that famous paleontologist, are preserved in the National Museum at Prague, Bohemia, this having been the scene of his greatest work. Under most pleasant conditions and with the hearty cooperation of the authorities at the museum, this work was carried to a successful conclusion. Doctor Bassler was also enabled to visit other European museums and various collecting fields. At the museums the paleon- tological collections were studied and personal contact established with the authorities; the time at the collecting fields was devoted mainly to a study of the stratigraphy, in order to secure data for the furtherance of work on our collections. Late in the year, Doctor Bassler, accompanied by Dr. Ferdinand Canu, made brief field trips in New England and along the Atlantic coast in furtherance of their studies on Bryozoa. Dr. C. E. Resser continued researches on the Cambrian of the Rocky Mountain region under the Smithsonian Institution. For a portion of the time he was accompanied by Dr. L. J. Moraes of the Brazilian Geological Survey, who was interested in similar problems. Doctor Resser’s chosen field was in Montana, with a stop in the Yellowstone National Park to examine certain peculiar REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 39 structures caused by algal deposits. Camp was next established on the Bridger Range in Montana, where a restudy of the stratigraphy proved it to be much more complicated than was previously supposed. Thence a moye westward and northwestward led into the, Blackfoot country where the pre-Cambrian and Cambrian rocks were examined. Following this various ranges in southwestern Montana were visited, and the last part of the season was spent in the Teton Mountains in extending the studies of the previous season. Small collections were made, the expedition being devoted mainly to field observations. The field expedition under the Smithsonian in charge of Mr. C. W. Gilmore covered certain badland areas extending from Kimbetoh northward to Farmington in the San Juan Basin, N. Mex. Although the surface indications gave every promise of yielding rich returns, it was found that the majority of the leads consisted of single bones. Individual skeletons had evidently been widely scattered before in- terment, and only occasionally were portions of skeletons found to- gether, which fact, however, did not prevent the collecting of ma- terial of much scientific interest, as several news species appear to be represented and some known forms are new to the fauna. The col- lection, as a whole, is a decided contribution to the meagerly known faunas of the area. The expedition under the Smithsonian by Dr. J. W. Gidley to the Snake River Valley, Idaho, inaugurated toward the end of the last fiscal year, was attended with unusual success—so much so, in fact, that a second expedition to the same region is now in progress. Well preserved remains of a rare extinct species of horse comprise the most important part of the collection, while gravel deposits in the vicinity yielded a large species of bison, a giant muskox, camel, horse, and other extinct animals of the Pleistocene period. Later in the year Doctor Gidley continued his researches dealing with the problem of the association of early man with the extinct mammalian fauna in Florida, the work being financed by contribu- tions from Mr. Childs Frick and by the Smithsonian. Worth-while data and material were obtained, though the expedition was greatly hindered by excessive rains which rendered it impossible to work out some of the most promising localities. Under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Dr. Remington Kellogg, assisted by Mr. Norman Boss, was occupied for a month in exploration of the Eocene (Jackson) deposits in Alabama and Mississippi for zeuglodont remains. The resulting small collec- tion of these comparatively rare fossils was presented to the Museum. Messrs. Kellogg and Boss also made one trip of three days to the near-by Miocene localities along Chesapeake Bay to collect cetacean remains, 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 In August members of the Maryland Geological Survey brought to the Museum’s attention the discovery of a large whalebone whale skull located in Miocene deposits in the vicinity of Governors Run, Md. Dr. Remington Kellogg, with the assistance of Mr. A. J. Poole and members of the Maryland Survey staff, were successful in collect- ing it, the specimen being one of the first of this type discovered. Late in the fiscal year Mr. C. W. Gilmore was detailed to head an expedition into the Eocene of the Bridger Basin in southwestern Wyoming, and Dr. J. W. Gidley returned to the scene of his 1929 collections in Idaho. As both expeditions will continue well into next year, detailed accounts will go over until the next annual report. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT The usual routine repairs have kept the buildings of the National Museum in proper condition. At.the beginning of the year the work of safeguarding the dome of the Natural History Building had just been finished. Before opening the rotunda to the public the walls were steam-cleaned, the plastered surfaces repainted, and the floor repolished. ‘The rotunda was opened finally on October 23, 1929, after having been closed to visitors for nearly two years. Walls and ceilings in the north entrance to the Natural History Building, as well as various exhibition, office, and laboratory rooms, were repainted. The roadways on the east and west sides of the buildings were closed by gates to prevent their use as thoroughfares by unauthorized vehicles; this step was taken because of several acci- dents that had taken place there. With the assistance of the office of Public Buildings and Public Parks, a steel gallery was erected in the storage rooms of the division of vertebrate paleontology to provide additional space for the storing of fossils. In the Arts and Industries Building the fountain in the center rotunda was removed because in recent months several visitors intent on other matters had stumbled over the coping and fallen into the water. Roofs and exterior woodwork were repainted, and various rooms and offices were redecorated. Work in enlarging the women’s rest room was begun, a special item of $3,500 toward this project being included in the second deficiency act approved after the close of the year. The power plant was in operation from September 27, 1929, to May 28, 1930. The consumption of coal was 8,502 tons, an amount in excess of that burned during the previous fiscal year. The aver- age cost was $5.65 per ton. The Steamboat Inspection Service examined the boilers during the year and made certain suggestions as to their condition. The elevators have been regularly inspected by the District of Columbia inspector. The total electric current produced amounted to 655,253 kilowatt-hours, manufactured at a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 41 cost of 1.78 cents per kilowatt-hour, including interest on the plant, depreciation, repairs, and material. The amount of electric current produced represents an increase of approximately 6,500 kilowatt- hours over that of last year, and the plant is now operating at its maximum capacity. As demands for electric current increase stead- ily it will be necessary during the coming fiscal year to purchase a limited amount from the local company during the winter season, in addition to the regular purchase made during the summer season when the Museum plant is not in operation. The ice plant manufactured 435.5 tons of ice at the average cost of $1.71 per ton; this cost represents a definite reduction over that for the previous year. During the year 7 exhibition cases and bases, 308 pieces of storage, laboratory, and other furniture, and 2,224 drawers of various kinds were added, the greater part of these being manufactured in our shops. MEETINGS AND RECEPTIONS The lecture rooms and auditorium of the National Museum were used during the present year for 135 meetings covering the usual wide range of activities. Government agencies that utilized these facilities for hearings, meetings, lectures, and other special occa- sions included the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, the Forest Service, the Graduate School, Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration, the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agri- culture, and the United States Public Health Service. The Graduate School and the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture arranged a series of addresses during the year on various matters concerned with their work. Scientific societies that met regularly in the auditorium or small lecture room included the Vivarium So- ciety, the Entomological Society of Washington, the Society for Philosophical Inquiry, the Anthropological Society of Washington, and the Helminthological Society of Washington. Meetings were held also by the Washington Academy of Sciences, the Wild Flower Preservation Society, the Potomac Garden Club, the Twentieth Century Club and Federation of Women’s Clubs, the Washington Society of Engineers, and the Washington Glider Club. The Na- tional Association of Retired Federal Employees held regular meet- ings through the year, as did groups of high schools for special addresses. On December 26 Dr. Heinrich Reis of Cornell University, retiring president of the Geological Society of America, delivered an address in the auditorium. A series of special meetings was held by the Anthropological Society for lectures by Dr. Fay-Cooper Cole on 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 January 7, on January 21 by Dr. AleS’ Hrdlitka, on February 4 by Dr. Clark Wissler, on February 18 by Dr. Herbert J. Spinden, and on March 4 by Mr. Neil M. Judd. On January 14 Dr. Hrdlitka delivered an address on Organic Evolution before the Washington Academy of Sciences, and on February 20, Prof. E. W. Berry of Johns Hopkins University spoke before the same organization on the Origin and Evolution of Plants. On April 16 Dr. Charles B. Davenport of the Carnegie Institution of Washington lectured on the Mechanism of Organic Evolution. The Food Standards Committee of the Food, Drug, and Insecti- cide Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, held a public hearing on April 80 in room 48. On January 15 the Mary- land-Virginia Farmers’ Marketing Association held a business meet- ing in the auditorium. The seventh National and fifth Interna- tional Oratorical Contest for the Evening Star area was held in the auditorium on May 8, with J. Loren Freund of Gonzaga Col- lege, Miss Virginia Carr, of Oakton High School, Va., and Miss Frances Gertrude McKim, St. Mary’s Seminary, St. Mary’s City, Md., as speakers. On May 27 the sixth annual National Spelling Bee was held in the auditorium. From June 18 to 20 the United States Public Health Service held a conference with State and Territorial health officers in room 43. Addresses were made by Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior, Surg. Gen. H. S. Cumming, and others. From June 18 to 24 the meeting rooms were used by the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture for confer- ences in connection with the 4-H Club camp. A memorial meeting was held August 16 to commemorate the service to science of the late Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology of the United States National Museum. On the evening of December 10 the formal opening of the exhibi- tion of paintings purchased under the Henry Ward Ranger bequest was held in the National Gallery of Art from 9 to 11. The District of Columbia section of the Woman’s Auxiliary to the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers arranged a recep- tion in the National Gallery rooms on December 26 for ladies in attendance at the meetings of the Geological Society of America. MISCELLANEOUS The exhibition halls of the National Museum were open during the year on week days from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. and with the excep- tion of the aircraft building were open Sunday afternoons from 1.30 to 4.30; all museum buildings remained closed on December 24 and 25, in accordance with presidential order, and were closed also on New Year’s Day. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43 The flags on the Smithsonian and Museum buildings were placed at half mast on November 19, 1929, out of respect to the late James Wilson Good, Secretary of War. They were flown at half mast from March 9 to April 7, 1930, out of respect to ex-President William Howard Taft, associated for many years with the Smithsonian Institution as a member of the Institution, presiding officer ex officio, Regent, and Chancellor. On November 13 the flag pole on the Smithsonian building was found to be in a dangerous condition and was removed so that no flag was flown on that building until April 10, 1930, when a new pole was put in place on the north tower. Visitors to the Museum during the year totaled 1,894,989, a de- crease of approximately 35,000 from the record of the preceding year. This decrease apparently reflected changed economic con- ditions in the country. Attendance in the several buildings of the National Museum was recorded as follows: Smithsonian Institution, 282,482; Arts and Industries, 863,479; Natural History, 625,326; Aircraft, 123,700. The average daily attendance for week days was 5,125, and for Sundays 10,317. The increase in the Sunday average of nearly 4,000 persons per day is a certain indication of the need for opening the exhibits to the public on Sunday afternoons. During the year the Museum published 16 separate volumes and 35 miscellaneous papers, while the distribution of literature amounted to 87,323 copies of its various books and pamphlets. Ad- ditions to the Museum library included 2,317 volumes and 668 pamphlets, obtained partly by exchange, partly by donation, and partly by purchase. The library of the National Museum as separate from that of the Smithsonian Institution proper now contains 76,879 volumes and 108,297 pamphlets. Much work was done in arranging the catalogues of these collections. The Museum has 36 sectional libraries in connection with its various divisions, each containing the particular books relating to the work involved. These are in addition to the main libraries that house the works of general reference. On October 1, 1929, Dr. R. S. Bassler was made head curator of the department of geology. Dr. Charles E. Resser was designated on December 1 curator of stratigraphic paleontology. Dr. W. F. Foshag was made curator of the division of mineralogy and pet- rology on September 1, and in addition was given charge of the work of the division of physical and chemical geology. Mr. Edward P. Henderson was appointed on November 16 assistant curator in the division last mentioned. Dr. Charles W. Richmond, long associate curator in the division of birds, was given the title of curator on July 1. On September 16 at Dr. Richmond’s own request he again became associate curator 44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 and Dr. Herbert Friedmann was appointed curator. The division of ethnology was reorganized during the year, with resulting change in status for H. W. Krieger, curator, and H. B. Collins, jr., assistant curator. Julian S. Warmbath was appointed taxidermist on Octo- ber 1. Wm. H. Egberts was given the title of chief preparator of the department of anthropology, and Norman H. Boss that of chief preparator in vertebrate paleontology. Miss Leila G. Forbes was appointed assistant librarian to succeed Miss Isabel L. Towner, who resigned on September 7. Miss Gertrude L. Woodin succeeded Miss Ethel A. L. Lacy, chief of the accessions department, who severed her connection with the Museum on September 15. On July 1 Mrs. Florence L. Grock was appointed principal accounting and auditing assistant. Michael Cahillane, Clarence R. Kyte, and William H. Smith were appointed sergeants July 1. On August 16 Mr. Cahil- lane was advanced to heutenant, and Wm. H. Vanneman was made sergeant on September 1. Three employees left the service through the operation of the retirement act—Edgar W. Hanvey, cabinet-maker, after a service of nearly 32 years; A. C. Dufresne, lieutenant of the watch, after 18 years on the guard force; and Carl A. Ohlson after nearly 18 years’ service as watchman. The Museum lost through death during the year seven of its active workers and one member of its honorary scientific staff. Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology, died August 15, 1929. Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes, collaborator in ethnol- ogy, died on May 31, 1930. Other losses by death included Miss Ava L. Bennett, clerk stenographer, on November 11, 1929; Robert M. Campbell, bricklayer and plasterer, July 14, 1929; Ira W. Johnson, oiler, October 26, 1929; William L. Brawner, watchman, August 25, 1929; Walter J. Ferguson, watchman, October 8, 1929; and Mrs. Alberta Buchanan, charwoman, May 13, 1930. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the opera- tions of the National Gallery of Art for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. THE GALLERY COMMISSION The ninth annual meeting of the gallery commission was held in the Regents’ room of the Institution at 10.15 a. m., December 10, 1929, the members present being as follows: Mr. Gari Melchers, chairman; and Messrs. Herbert Adams, Charles L. Borie, jr., James KE. Fraser, J. H. Gest, Frank J. Mather, jr., Charles Moore, James Parmelee, E. W. Redfield, E. C. Tarbell, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, ex-officio. Due to the absence of Dr. W. H. Holmes, secretary of the com- mission, Mr. James G. Taylor was requested to act as temporary secretary. The minutes of the previous annual meeting were read and ap- proved, followed by the reading and approval of the secretary’s report on the activities of the gallery for the year. A number of the matters mentioned in this report were discussed very fully and with reference to the Langhorne collection, the fol- lowing resolution was adopted: Resolved, That Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Langhorne be invited to loan to the National Gallery of Art their collection of paintings as a temporary exhibition, preferably at a time convenient to them as well as to the commission. Doctor Abbot explained the steps taken in regard to the offer of Mr. John Gellatly and its acceptance, stating that through an act of Congress funds would be provided for the maintenance of the collection during the next four years. He added that special cards of admission to the collection in New York had been prepared and that he would be glad to supply the members of the commission with them. After discussion, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved, That a committee consisting of Doctor Abbot and Mr. Melchers be appointed to prepare a formal acknowledgment of appreciation and thanks to Mr. Gellatly for his generous gift. 45 46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 The acknowledgment duly prepared and forwarded is as follows: JANUARY 6, 1930. DeEAR Mr. GELLATLY: At the annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Commission, held at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., on the 10th day of December, 1929, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the deep and appreciative thanks of this commission be, and they hereby are, extended to Mr. John Gellatly, of New York City, for his generous action in donating to the National Gallery of Art the fine and valu- able art collection which, during a long term of years, he has assembled with so much pains and care, and with such rare discrimination and artistic taste. Resolved, That this collection constitutes an important addition to the Na- tional Gallery of Art; that it will for all time to come be an outstanding feature of this Institution; and that it represents a great national asset in the development of the art of our country. Resolved, That these resolutions be spread in full upon the minutes of this meeting, as a lasting tribute to the generosity of the donor, and that a copy thereof be transmitted to Mr. Gellatly with assurance of the warm regard and sincere appreciation of the members of the National Gallery of Art Commis- sion, and with their cordial good wishes for his future health and happiness. Sincerely yours. (Signed) CHARLES G. ABBOT, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. (Signed) GARI MELCHERS, Chairman, National Gallery of Art Comnvission. Mr. JOHN GELLATLY, New York City. The Ranger exhibit was very fully discussed. It was the sense of the meeting that members of the commission should make their inspection of the exhibit entirely as individuals and that each member should give his personal expression of opinion in regard to the selections proper to be added to the National Gal- lery. It was also decided that these votes should be regarded as strictly confidential. The following resolution was adopted: Resolved, That the commission extend to the Council of the National Acad- emy of Design an invitation as a body to view the Ranger exhibit. Mr. Moore brought up the matter, which had been referred to pre- viously, of providing a fund for the encouragement and support of young artists until they had “ arrived.” He had not been successful in getting one of the large philanthropical organizations to arrange for this as yet, but he was glad to say that such provision had been incorporated in the will of a public-spirited citizen to become oper- ative upon his death. EVENTS OF THE YEAR Among the more noteworthy events of the year was the assemblage in Washington and exhibition in the gallery of the group of paintings purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design in REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47 accordance with provisions of the Henry Ward Ranger bequest. This bequest provides for the purchase from year to year of paint- ings by American artists which shall be assigned to art institutions throughout the country, the National Gallery being given the privi- lege of selecting from these purchases such examples as may be re- garded as desirable additions to the national collections. ‘There is thus established in perpetuity a procedure which should prove of prime importance in preserving a representative series of American paintings continuing from year to year and period to period, an historical measure not heretofore undertaken by any nation. Purchases under the Ranger bequest began in 1920, and in 1930, 78 examples had been secured and distributed. The assemblage of these in Washington, December 10, 1929, was arranged to enable the gallery commission to inspect the works and make tentative selections for the national collection. Final steps on acceptance can not be taken, however, until within the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the artist’s death in each case. It has been suggested that acceptance of paintings by living painters be regarded as tentative acceptances only so that any work chosen may be returned to the recipient institution whence it came when a superior work by the same artist becomes available. The addition of a single Ranger bequest work per year to the gallery would certainly not seem excessive, and at this rate in 100 years the gallery would be enriched by the ownership of 100 of the most masterly American works of the century. Two distinct points of view may be held regarding acceptances of paintings by the gallery. First, that there should be included only recognized Old World masterpieces with possibly occasional and rare outstanding examples of American work of corresponding art value, and second that the National Gallery should first of all take this opportunity to build up an unbroken series of American works of the first order. In the opinion of the director the authorities of the American National Gallery looking to the far future should not be content with accumulations of the art of the past, representing closed chapters of the history of art. As a great people we should have an assured art future, a future worthy of systematic record and repre- sentation. A million Old World masterpieces installed in great American buildings will not make an American National Gallery, and in his view a commission or other official body concerned in the estab- lishment of a national art collection should recognize the distinction 48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 between the history of the world art of the past and the story of art in America to be revealed as the centuries and millenniums pass. The essential concept of an American National Gallery is the assemblage of an adequate number of the best available products of the American brush (or chisel) from period to period and this is exactly what the Ranger bequest aims to do. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS HELD IN THE GALLERY The special exhibitions held in the gallery during the fiscal year formed no small part of its activities and are as follows: THH HENRY WARD RANGER EXHIBITION The exhibition of paintings purchased to date by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the Henry Ward Ranger fund, was opened on the evening of December 10, 1929, with a reception by the Secretary and Regents of the Institution, the director of the gallery, and the members of the National Gallery of Art Com- mission. ‘The National Academy of Design was represented by Mr. Charles P. Curran, corresponding secretary; Mr. Albert P. Lucas, assistant corresponding secretary; Mr. Henry Prellwitz, treasurer; and Messrs. Charles S. Chapman, Ernest L. Ipsen, and Carl Run- gius, of the council of the academy. The exhibit closed on January 31, 1980. All of the paintings, 78 in number, are by outstanding contempo- rary American artists and, as stated above, under the terms of Mr. Ranger’s will the National Gallery has the privilege of claiming any of them which it deems desirable for the national collections within the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the artist’s death, and ending 15 years after his death. In the meantime the pictures are assigned by the Council of the National Academy of Design to institutions which maintain a free art gallery. These institutions lent the pictures for the present exhibition, in which for the first time the Ranger fund pictures have been assembled in one place. Pay- ment of expenses of transportation and insurance was made pos- sible through a grant of $1,000 voted by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This grant was procured through the endeavors of Mr. Gari Melchers, chairman of the National Gallery of Art Com- mission. Members of the National Gallery Commission submitted, confiden- tially, their votes as to the paintings exhibited which were suitable for permanent exhibition by the gallery. This vote is preserved for the information of those who in future will be charged with selecting pictures from the Ranger collections. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49 SCULPTURE BY EDGARDO SIMONE An exhibition of 54 works of sculpture in plaster, bronze, and marble, by Signor Edgardo Simone, of Italy, was shown from Feb- ruary 8 to March 9, 1930, and included busts of S. E. Duce Benito Mussolini, the Rt. Hon. Sir Esme Howard, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Gen. John J. Pershing, the Hon. George W. Wickersham, and others. Cards announcing the opening of the exhibit were issued by the gallery. PORTRAITS BY EDWIN B. CHILD An exhibition of 36 portraits in oil, by Edwin B. Child, of Dorset, Vt., of celebrities in the American educational and scientific worlds, was shown from February 15 to April 7, 1930. Cards announcing the exhibit were issued by the gallery. PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, ETC., BY CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN ARTISTS An exhibition of paintings in oil, water-color, and pastel; sculpture in wood, bronze, and marble; etchings; and works of applied arts including metal work, etc., goldsmith’s work, church plate, and tex- tiles, by contemporary Hungarian artists, assembled by the Hun- garian National Council of Fine Art, was shown under the patronage of Count Liszl6 Széchenyi, minister from Hungary, and under the auspices of the American Federation of Arts and the American-Hun- garian Foundation from April 23 to May 31, 1930. The exhibition was opened with a private view on April 23, invitations being issued by the regents and secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. An illustrated catalogue of 25 pages was furnished by the federation. PAINTINGS BY AMEKICAN NEGRO ARTISTS An exhibition of paintings by American Negro artists, assembled under the auspices of the Harmon Foundation of New York and shown under the patronage of the committee on race relations of the Washington Federation of Churches, was held in the foyer of the Museum from May 30 to June 8, 1930. Cards announcing the open- ing of the exhibit were issued by the National Museum, the gallery being charged with the task of addressing and mailing the cards, installing the exhibit, and with the unpacking, packing, and shipping. ART WORKS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR Accessions of art works by the Smithsonian Institution, subject to transfer to the National Gallery on approval of the advisory com- mittee of the National Gallery of Art Commission, are as follows: 50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 An oil painting, In the Studio, by A. Tamburini, Florence, received from Mme. Annita Gaburri, to be labeled “ Presented in memory of Mrs. Ada Byron Gaburri by her granddaughter, Soldi Matier Wilcox.” (Deposit.) A beautiful example of enamel work in the form of a watch by Moulinié & Legandory, Geneva, Switzerland; bequeathed to the Institution by Miss Charlotte Arnold H. Bryson, late of Wilming- ton, Delaware. (Deposit.) Original plaster models of busts of prominent American person- ages made by Moses Wainer Dykaar during the last decade as follows; presented by the sculptor with the understanding that they be available to him when needed. It is also understood that the Institution shall not make copies of these without Mr. Dykaar’s permission : Dr. Charles D. Walcott. Alexander Graham Bell. Hon. Robert L. Owen. Hudson Maxim. Hon. Thomas R. Marshall. Justice Wendell P. Stafford. Hon. Champ Clark. Adm. George Collier Remey. Samuel Gompers. William Henry Holmes. Hon. Nicholas Longworth. Hon. Charles Curtis. Mrs. Nicholas Longworth. Calvin Coolidge. Gen. George Owen Squier. Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. Edwin Markham. Hon. Carter Glass. LOANS ACCEPTED BY THE GALLERY A painting by an old master, attributed to Bartolommeo Schidone (1560-1616) representing the Madonna and Child; lent by Mme. Bronislava De Brissac Hulitar, of New York City, through Hon. Carroll L. Beedy, M. C. A Madonna, by Giovanni Battista Salvi (1605), the property of Mrs. Charles J. Fox of Tientsin, China; lent through Miss Genevieve B. Wimsatt, of Washington, D. C. The Italian masterpiece, the Immaculate Conception with the Mirror, by Murillo; withdrawn by the owner on June 24, 1929; was again lent by Mr. DeWitt V. Hutchings of Riverside, Calif., March 22, 1930. Minerva, an original oil painting of the sixteenth century—relic of the Spanish Conquest of Central American as described by the owner; lent by Miss May Warner, Washington, D. C. Four portraits: Admiral Holdup Stevens, 2d, by Robert Hinckley, Mrs. Thomas Holdup Stevens, 2d, by an artist unknown, Mrs. John Bliss (sister of Mrs. Stevens) by an artist unknown, and Hon. Eben Sage of Middletown, Conn., by Chester Harding; lent by Mrs. Frederick C. Hicks, Washington, D. C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5l Bust in bronze by Joseph Anthony Atchison, of Dr. John Wesley Hill, chancellor of Lincoln Memorial University, Cumberland Gap, Tenn.; lent by Joseph Anthony Atchison, Washington, D. C. Five paintings : Head of Christ attributed to Giorgione, Holy Fam- ily and St. John by M. Albertinelli, Baptism of Christ by G. B. Tiepolo, the Doctor’s Visit by Jan Steen, and Italian Landscape by Richard Wilson; lent by Mrs. Marshall Langhorne, Washington, D. C., June 16, 1930. Portrait bust in marble by Moses Wainer Dykaar of Hon. Nich- olas Longworth, Speaker of the House of Representatives; lent by the sculptor. A water-color painting of dogwood blossoms by Elizabeth Muhl- hofer, of Washington, D. C.; lent by the artist. DISTRIBUTIONS Three paintings: Madonna and Child by Alonzo Cano, Madonna by Carlo Dulci, and Saint with Book by Giuseppe Ribera (Spag- noletto) ; withdrawn by the owners, Mr. and Mrs. Maxim Karolik, of Washington, D. C. The Old Mill, a painting attributed to Hobbema, lent by Mrs. Mary F. C. Goldsborough; withdrawn by the executor of Mrs. Goldsborough’s estate, Edmund K. Goldsborough, Washington, D. C. Bust in bronze of Hon. Wade H. Cooper by Joseph Anthony Atch- ison, lent by the sculptor; withdrawn by Mr. Atchison. The portrait by Gambardella of Mrs. Charles Eames, lent yearly by Mrs. Alistair Gordon Cumming was withdrawn for the winter by Mrs. Cumming. Four paintings: Baptism of Christ by G. B. Tiepolo, Christ in the Temple by G. B. Tiepolo, Head of Christ attributed to Giorgi- oni, and Portrait of Henry, Prince of Wales (or Prince Charlie) by C. Janssens van Ceulen; withdrawn by Mrs. Marshall Langhorne in the autumn of 1929. LOANS RETURNED TO THE GALLERY The painting by Alexander Wyant entitled The Flume, Opales- cent River, Adirondacks, one of two from the William T. Evans col- lection lent to the White House on request of Mrs. Herbert Hoover in May, 1929, has been returned to its former place in the gallery. THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND PURCHASES The paintings purchased during the year by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, which are under certain conditions prospec- 52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 tive additions to the National Gallery collections, are as follows, including the names of the Institutions to which they have been assigned : Title Artist Date of purchase Assignment 77. Near Monterey -_---- Arthur Hill Gilbert, | December, 1929_| Springville High School Art As- A. N. A. (elect). sociation, Springville, Utah. 78. Margery and Little | Edmund C. Tarbell, |_---- (0 (Gee a eae | The Grand Rapids Public Library, Edmund. 1 AN eae Grand Rapids, Mich. 79. Gold Mining, Crip- | Ernest Lawson, N. A---| April, 1930__-__- Charleston Public Library Board ple Creek. (Charleston, West Virginia, Art Association). 80. Big Starbuck---_-_- Roy Mason, A. N. A. |_---- dole Reading Public Museum and Art (elect). Gallery, Reading, Pa. The paintings purchased during former years and unassigned at the close of the last fiscal year (1929) have been subsequently assigned as follows: 68. Mile. Maria Safanoff, by Irving R. Wiles, N. A.; to Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. 71. The Harvest Moon. by Charles Melville Dewey, N. A.; to the Fine Arts Society of San Diego, San Diego, Calif. 76. Fishing Fleet, by Malcolm Humphreys; to Davenport Municipal Art Gallery, Davenport, Iowa. COPYING PAINTINGS While the gallery has no facilities for the accommodation for artists desiring to copy works of art in its collections, permission is given in special cases. During the present fiscal year two artists, both of Washington, D. C., were permitted to copy portraits in the Harriet Lane Johnston collection: Mrs. Charles H. L. Johnston (Birdie Abbott Johnston) copied the portrait of Lady Hammond by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Miss Angelica Frances Small copied the portrait of Miss Kirkpatrick by George Romney. LIBRARY The gallery library continued to increase by gift, purchase, and subscription in volumes, pamphlets, periodicals, etc., Mr. J. Town- send Russell, jr., being the principal benefactor of the year. PUBLICATIONS HoLMES, W. H. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1929. Appendix 2, report of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1929, pp. 1-9. Lopez, J. . Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1929. Appendix 3, report of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 380, 1929, pp. 10-16, EE EE es REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53 Catalogue of an exhibition of paintings by contemporary American artists purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the Henry Ward Ranger fund in accordance with the provision of the Ranger bequest dated January 21, 1914. On view in the National Gallery, Natural History Building, United States National Museum, December 10, 1929, to January 31, 1980. United States Government Printing Oflice, Washington: 1929. Exhibit of Sculptures by Edgardo Simone, National Gallery of Art, United . States National Museum, February 8 to 28, 1930, inclusive. Leaflet of 3 pp. privately printed. Catalogue of a group of portraits in oil by Edwin B. Child on view in the National Gallery of Art in the United States National Museum, February 15 to March 30, 1930. Leaflet of 4 pp., privately printed. Catalogue of an Exhibition of Paintings, Sculpture, and Works of Applied Arts by Contemporary Hungarian Artists shown under the auspices of the American Federation of Arts and the American-Hungarian Foundation. Ex- hibited at The National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, April 23- May 31, 1930. Washington, D. C. (Pp. 1-25; 16 plates, privately printed.) Catalogue of an Exhibition of Paintings by American Negro Artists at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. May 30—June 8, 1930. Price 25 cents. (Pp. 1-15; 9 illustrations on 6 plates. Washington, privately printed.) Respectfully submitted. W. H. Hotmes, Director. Dr. C. G. Aszor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 28095—31——_5, APPENDIX 3 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit the tenth annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1930: THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows: BOOKBINDING 30.46. Egyptian, fourteenth century. Dark brown leather on pasteboard, lined with chestnut brown leather. Decoration in blind and gold tooling. 30.47. Egyptian, fourteenth century. Dark brown leather on pasteboard, lined with lighter brown leather. Decoration in blind and gold tooling. BRONZE 30.26. Chinese, fifth century B. C. A ceremonial wine jar of the type yi, with a bail handle. 30.37. Chinese, period of the Sui dynasty (A. D. 589-618). A mirror, with the back decorated with six panels containing galloping animals in relief. The addition of red and green color to the central medallion is unusual. 30.38. Chinese, eighth to ninth century. T‘ang period. A mirror with a scal- loped edge. The back is decorated with floral designs in relief. 20.45. Chinese, seventh to tenth century. T‘ang period. A mirror with a fes- tooned rim. The back is covered by a sheet of gold, decorated with an embossed scroll design containing flowers and birds. 30.54. Chinese, eleventh century, B. C. Early Chou period. A ceremonial ves- sel, of the type fang i. White bronze patinated with azurite, malachite, and cuprite. Inscriptions inside of the cover and the body of the vessel, JADE Chinese, Han period (206 B. C.—A. D. 220). A group of objects from a single burial, as follows: 80.27. A necklace made of four strands of gold wire, braided, to which are attached four carved pendants and six cylindrical beads of white jade. 80.28-80.29. Two combs of white jade, with a formal carved ornament at the top. 30.30. A hair ornament (?) of carved white jade, somewhat altered by burial. 30.81. A peach-shaped cup on a low foot, of greenish-white jade, with cream- colored areas of alteration. A delicate engraved pattern is on the outside of the cup. 30.43. A figure of a dancer, a detached ornament, carved in white jade. 54 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55 MANUSCRIPTS 80.1. Persian, thirteenth to fourteenth century. A ms. copy of the Shah Ndmah, with leaves detached from the binding, containing 42 minia- tures, 29.25-47, 30.2-20. (See under Painting.) 30.23— Egyptian, eighth to ninth century. Two parchment leaves from a 30.24 Koran, written in Kijie script on both sides in bluck and red with ad- ditions of gold. 30.55. Egyptian, fourteenth century. Mamlik period. OE — REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63 short time on the Cheyenne. It is now possible to formulate some of the phonetic shifts that have transformed Cheyenne from normal Algonquian. It is also clear that some of the commonest words in normal Algonquian are lacking. He then took up work again among the Kickapoo and obtained an even larger body of myths and tales. Some new facts on their social organization were likewise obtained. Mr. John P. Harrington, ethnologist, worked during the year se- curing the language and much of the ethnology of the San Juan tribe of California through an aged and ill informant, Mrs. Ascen- sién Soldérsano, at Monterey, Calif. Having learned the language which has scarcely been spoken since 1850, through the circumstance that both her mother and father, who were fullblooded Indians, talked it together all their lives, the mother dying at 84 years of age and the father at 82, she retained a knowledge of an extinct language and a dead culture, and lived long enough to enable Mr. Harrington to record practically all that she knew, thus filling in a great blank in California ethnology. So sick that she was scarcely able to sit up even at the beginning of the work, Mr. Harrington continued this work at her bedside until well into January, 1930, and no Indian ever showed greater fortitude than this poor soul who served the bureau up to almost her last day. The material recorded consisted of every branch of linguistic and ethnological information and con- tains many new and important features. Mrs. Solorsano during all the latter part of her life was recog- nized as a doctora. Her little home at Gilroy, Calif., was a free hospital for down-and-outs of every nationality and creed, and here the sick and ailing were treated with Indian and Spanish herb medi- cines and were seen through to the last with motherly care and no thought of recompense. Mr. Harrington obtained full accounts of how she treated all the various diseases, and of the herbs and other methods employed. Specimens of the herbs were obtained and identified by the division of plants of the National Museum. Songs were obtained on the phonograph, and accounts of cere- monies, and description of all the foods of the Indians and how they were cooked were obtained. Accounts of the witcheries of the medicine men take us back to earliest times, and are mingled with the early history of the tribe at the San Juan Mission. Many stories and anecdotes about early Indians were recorded and throw much light on the thought and the language of the times. Names of plants and animals and places were studied and identified, Dr. C. Hart Merriam generously helping in this and other sections of the work. In spite of her age and infirmities Dona Ascensi6n’s mind remained remarkably clear and her memory was exceptional. No greater piece of good fortune has ever attended ethnological re- search of a tribe that was culturally of the greatest importance, 64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 forming an all but lost link between the cultures of northern and southern California. After the death of Dona Ascensién at the end of January, 1930, Mr. Harrington spent some weeks in checking up on the information in every way possible, copying from the archives at San Juan Mission, working at the Bancroft Library at Berkeley, Calif., and interview- ing many individuals, and returned to Washington in April, since which time he has been engaged in preparing a report on the work for publication. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., archeologist, devoted the fiscal year to a number of activities. July, August, and the first part of September, 1929, were spent conducting excavations at the Long H Ranch, between St. John’s and Houck, in eastern Arizona. The work was begun in May and continued through June of the preceding fiscal year so that the investigations extending from July to the middle of September were a continuation of work already under way. At the completion of the summer’s work the remains of three different types of houses had been uncovered. These included 18 pit houses, the vestiges of three jacal, pole and mud structures, and a pueblo ruin with 49 rooms, and 4 kivas or circular ceremonial rooms. The pit houses were found to correspond in many respects with those dug up by Doctor Roberts in the Chaco Canyon, in north- western New Mexico, during the summer of 1927 and described in Bulletin 92 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The jacal houses were found to have been quite comparable to a similar type found in southern Colorado during the field season of 1928. The latter were extensively described in Bulletin 96 of the bureau. The pueblo revealed an unusually clear cut story of the growth and changes in a communal dwelling. The building had not been erected ac- cording to a preconceived plan but had grown by degrees through the addition of new units. It was quite evident that such additions had taken place at four different periods in the occupation of the building. Doctor Roberts returned to Washington in October. The autumn months were devoted to reading and correcting galley and page proofs for the report on the investigations of the 1928 field season. This paper is called “ Early Pueblo Ruins in the Piedra District, Southwestern Colorado,” and is Bulletin 96 of the bureau. The winter months were devoted to working over the specimens obtained from the summer’s excavations and preparing a report on the investigations. This included the drawing of 31 text figures, consisting of 70 drawings, 1 map showing the region in general and the location of the sites, and the writing of a 600-page manu- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65 script. The latter is called “The Ruins at Kiatuthlanna,” the Zuni Indian name for the locality. Doctor Roberts assisted Mr. Neil M. Judd of the United States National Museum in cataloguing the collections made along the Piedra River in southwestern Colorado in the summer of 1928. Illustrated lectures on the archeology of the Southwest were deliv- ered before a number of Washington organizations, and information on the archeology of the New World was supplied in response to many letters of inquiry. On May 12, 1930, Doctor Roberts left Washington for Denver, Colo., where one week was spent in studying new accessions in the Colorado State Museum and the City Museum of Denver. Leaving Denver, Doctor Roberts proceeded to Gallup, N. Mex., and from there to the Zuni Indian Reservation. One week was devoted to an archeological reconnaissance of the Zuni area. As a result of this a small pueblo ruin was chosen as the scene for inten- sive investigations, and under a permit from the Department of the Interior excavations were started. By July 1 a burial mound containing 40 interments had been investigated and 16 rooms and 2 kivas or ceremonial chambers in the pueblo had been cleared of their accumulated débris. In addition to much valuable information, 150 specimens, including pottery and other art facts, had been secured. Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, was engaged in routine office work from July 1, 1929, to May 7, 1930, and from the latter date until the close of the fiscal year he was engaged in field service in Canada and very briefiy in New York State. Mr. Hewitt devoted much careful research among various docu- ments to ascertain, if possible, the symbolic significance of white and purple wampum beads, respectively, and also when these are mixed in definite proportions and arrangement on strings or belts; but much reading of documents which might bear on the question was comparatively barren of any satisfactory results. He was led to this study because, in modern time at least, strings of wampum function and have functioned quite prominently in the public trans- actions of the Council of the League of the Iroquois. Wampum strings are an essential accompaniment in the use of the ritual of the Requickening Address of the Council of Condolence and Instal- lation of the League. Mr. Hewitt also transliterated an Ottawa mythic text from the common missionary alphabet into that of the Powell phonetic system designed for the use of collaborators of the bureau. He also typed in native Mohawk text the chanted ritual, the Eulogy of the Founders of the League, as intoned by the Father 66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Tribal Sisterhood, incorporating therein such revisional additions, textual and grammatic, as had been found necessary by extensive field studies. Mr. Hewitt also typed in native Onondaga text this ritual in the form in which it is intoned by the Mother Tribal Sister- hood; these two versions of the eulogy differ chiefly in the introduc- tory paragraphs and also in the terms or forms of address. Mr. Hewitt continued to represent the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, on the United States Geographic Board, and as a member also of its executive committee. On the afternoon of May 7, 1930, Mr. Hewitt left Washington on field duty, returning to the bureau July 1. During this trip he visited the Grand River Reservation of the Six Nations of In- dians near Brantford, Canada, the Tuscarora Reservation near Ni- agara Falls, N. Y., and the Onondaga Reservation near Syracuse, N. Y. Largely through his own knowledge of the several Iroquois languages, he was able to recover the hitherto lost meanings of sev- eral passages in the texts relating to the league. These recoveries now make the entire structure of the League of the Iroquois clear and consistent. During the fiscal year Dr. Francis LaF lesche, ethnologist, read the proof of his paper “The Osage Tribe: Rite of the Wa-xo-be,” which will be published in the forty-fifth annual report of the bureau. At the time of Doctor LaF lesche’s retirement, December 26, 1929, he had nearly completed an Osage dictionary upon which he had been working for several years. SPECIAL RESEARCHES The music of 10 tribes of Indians has been studied during the past year by Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the bureau, in continuance of her research on this subject. These tribes are the Acoma, Menominee, Winnebago, Yuma, Cocopa, Mohave, Yaqui, Makah, Clayoquot, and Quileute. The first tribe given considera- tion was the Acoma, the work consisting in a completion of the study of records made in Washington by Philip Sanche. These | records were made for the chief of the Bureau of American Eth- nology. Thirteen were transcribed as representative of the series. An outstanding peculiarity of these songs is a gradual raising or lowering of the pitch during a performance. In some instances the pitch was changed a semitone, in others a tone and a half, and one example contained a rise of a whole tone during one minute of singing. This was regarded as a mannerism and. the song was transcribed on the pitch maintained for the longest time. The work on Yuman and Yaqui music consisted in the retyping of almost all the text on these tribes, made necessary by the combining Se SC REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 67 of individual manuscripts into a book. The analysis of each song was Scrutinized and several songs previously classed as “irregular in tonality” were otherwise classified. The preparation for publi- cation of a book on Menominee music has been practically com- pleted. The manuscript contains 460 pages, with transcriptions of 140 songs, and a large number of illustrations. The material col- lected at Neah Bay, Wash., and submitted in the form of 13 manu- seripts during previous years, has been unified under chapter headings and retyped for publication. Interesting features of these songs are the prominence of the tetrachord and the large number of songs with a compass of three or four tones. In July and August, 1929, a field trip was made to the Menominee and Winnebago in Wisconsin, the former tribe receiving the more consideration. This was the third visit to the Menominee and work was done at Keshena, Neopit, and Zoar. In June, 1930, another trip was made to the Winnebago in Wisconsin, this being the fourth visit to that tribe. Songs were recorded in the vicinity of Tomah and also near Wisconsin Rapids. One of the singers at the former locality was Paul Decora, whose home is in Nebraska. Fourteen songs were recorded by this singer and found to contain the same changes of pitch which marked the performance of the Acoma singer. In some songs the pitch was steadily maintained, while in others it was gradually raised or lowered a semitone during the first rendition, the remainder of the performance being on the new pitch. John Smoke is an industrious Winnebago farmer, who retains a “water-spirit bundle” inherited from his ancestors and uses it in a ceremonial manner. He allowed Miss Densmore to see this bundle, explained its use and benefits, and recorded two of its songs which are sung when its contents are exposed to view. A Winnebago flute player known as Frisk Cloud recorded three melodies on a flute made of metal pipe, and said “the love songs are words put to flute melodies.” He is also a maker of flutes and described the measure- ments of an instrument in terms of hand and finger widths and hand spreads. Miss Densmore purchased the instrument on which the melodies had been played. Winnebago songs and another flute performance were recorded by George Monegar, a blind man living near Wisconsin Rapids, who is considered one of the best’ authorities on old customs. He also related the legend of the origin of the flute. Songs of 10 classes were recorded on this trip, with old and mod- ern examples of one class. The recorded songs comprise those of the water-spirit bundle, hand game, and moccasin game, love songs, war songs, and a lullaby, and songs of the Green Corn, Friendship, Fortynine, and Squaw dances. 68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 At the suggestion of Senator Carl Hayden, Mr. Neil M. Judd, curator of archeology in the United States National Museum, made a brief reconnaissance in September, 1929, for the purpose of ascer- taining the most practicable method of surveying, at this late date, the prehistoric canal systems of the Gila and Salt River Valleys, Ariz. Most of the ancient canals had been obliterated through agri- cultural practices; others were threatened with early destruction under the program of the Coolidge Dam project. Following his preliminary investigation, he recommended an aerial survey as the only feasible means whereby the former aboriginal canal systems could be located and mapped for permanent record. Since haste was a prime factor, in view of the extensive grading operations within the Pima Indian Reservation, the War Depart- ment generously came to the aid of the Smithsonian Institution by providing an observation plane and personnel. Mr. Judd left Wash- ington January 12, 1930, and proceeded to Phoenix, Ariz., by way of Tucson and Sacaton. Unfavorable flying conditions served to delay inauguration of the survey. Ground haze in the early morn- ing and smoke in the afternoon obscured the ground except for a 2-hour period at mid-day. Lieut. Edwin Bobzien, pilot, and Sergt. R. A. Stockwell, photographer, both from Crissy Field, the Presidio, San Francisco, pursued their assigned tasks as rapidly as possible. They made approximately 700 exposures, of which half were vertical photographs taken from an altitude of 10,000 feet. These have since been assembled into mosaic maps. As was anticipated, the aerial survey disclosed numerous prehistoric canals not visible from the ground. With the mosaic maps in hand these ancient canals must now be examined individually and their locations identified with reference to nearby section lines. This task properly should be done during the late autumn or winter months and within the next few years. Without the personal interest of Senator Hayden and the cooper- ation of the War Department, the Smithsonian Institution would have found it impossible to undertake the aerial survey above mentioned. In late November, 1929, and again in early May, 1930, Mr. Judd made brief visits to Charlottesville, Va., there to advise with Mr. J). I. Bushnell, jr., in those investigations of nearby Indian village sites he is pursuing in behalf of the bureau. EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS The editing of the publications of the bureau was continued through the year by Mr. Stanley Searles, editor, assisted by Mrs. Trances S. Nichols, editorial assistant. The status of the publica- tions is presented in the following summary. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69 PUBLICATIONS ISSUED Bulletin 88. Myths and Tales of the Southeastern Indians. (Swanton). x+275 pp. Bulletin 90. Papago Music (Densmore). xx+229 pp. 19 pls. 4 figs. Bulletin 91. Additional Studies of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians (Roth). xvii+110 pp. 34 pls. 90 figs. Bulletin 93. Pawnee Music (Densmore). xviii+129 pp. 8 pls. Bulletin 95. Contributions to Fox Ethnology—II (Michelson). vii+183 pp. 1 fig. List of Publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 50 pp. PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS Forty-fifth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus (Teit, edited by Boas); Tattooing and Face and Body Painting of the Thompson Indians, British Columbia (Teit, edited by Boas) ; The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia (Steedman) ; The Osage Tribe: Rite of the Wa-x6-be (La Flesche). Forty-sixth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: Anthropological Survey in Alaska (Hrdlicka); Report to the Hon. Isaac §S. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, on the Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri (Denig, edited by Hewitt). Bulletin 94. Tobacco among the Karuk Indians of California (Harrington). Bulletin 96. Early Pueblo Ruins in the Piedra District, Southwestern Colo- rado (Roberts). DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS The distribution of the publications of the bureau has been con- tinued under the charge of Miss Helen Munroe, assisted by Miss Emma B. Powers. Publications distributed were as follows: een ONMMMES "ON WSCDANALES 22k ly rte Ute e te a he ek 3, 938 ES SAT akg Toor hy t.ho ee ne ee eer eee me Comma a ee 20, 242 Contributions to North American Ethnology________-___________________ 40 SPCUNE “HHOMCHUOHS etre ae ne et ee ee a ee ee 648 ee eh it ee as i) eel te Ao 24, 868 As compared with the fiscal year ended June 80, 1929, there was an increase of 4,756 publications distributed, due in part to the large number of separates from the Handbook of American Indians sent to Camp Fire Girls. After revision, the mailing list now stands at 1,627. ILLUSTRATIONS Following is a summary of work accomplished in the illustration branch of the bureau under the supervision of Mr. DeLancey Gill, illustrator : Photographs’ retouched, lettered, and otherwise made ready for Ts ha tare a teneitclacrans 5 ee eh a aN ae I Ce AY ae aE a a Sale 1, 688 Drawings prepared, including maps, charts, ete__._..-._____ 32 I LS ene ee 742 28095—31——_-6 70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Printed editions of colored plates examined at Government Printing 0:11 (ls a eran caer eee! Seiwa See oe set Or Ty eens. 31, 500 @orrespondence, attended to .(letters)i<2 2-2 = sacar ee 210 Photographs selected and catalogued for private publishers____________ 314 Photo-laboratory work by Dr. A. J. Olmsted, National Museum, in cooperation with the Bureau of American Ethnology: Negatives. 252.4 2S ais Se a is a 2 eee ot Sh ee 84 rintsis23 > use 2. bas ae se oe ee ees a ee a ee 253 Ihantern: Slides... <8. 445... a ae eee eee ee 23 LIBRARY The reference library has continued under the care of Miss Ella Leary, librarian, assisted by Mr. Thomas Blackwell. The library consists of 29,071 volumes, about 16,527 pamphlets, and several thousand unbound periodicals. During the year 559 books were accessioned, of which 109 were acquired by purchase and 450 by gift and exchange; also 150 pamphlets, and 4,106 serials, chiefly the publications of learned societies, were received and re- corded, of which 110 were obtained by purchase, the remainder being received through exchange. The catalogue was increased by the addition of 3,420 cards. Volumes to the number of 210 were collated and prepared for binding. Numerous loans were made to libraries in Washington, and a considerable amount of reference work was done in the usual course of the library’s service to investigators and stu- dents, both those in the Smithsonian Institution and others. The purchase of books and periodicals for the library has been restricted to such as relate to the bureau’s researches, Many volumes received by the library not pertaining to anthro- pology were transferred to the library of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. During the year the cataloguing has been carried on as new accessions were acquired and good progress was made in cataloguing ethnologic and related articles in the earlier serials. The number of books borrowed from the Library of Congress for the use of the staff of the bureau in prosecuting their researches was about 150. COLLECTIONS Accession No, 107862. Archaic black and white bowl collected by Doctor Fewkes from Far View House, Mesa Verde, in 1921, and fragment of ancient Zufi pottery from Canyon del Muerto, Ariz., collected by Dr. W. H. Spinks. (2 specimens.) 107866. Blackberrying basket made by Mrs. Ascensién Solérsano, a San Juan Indian, and collected by J. P. Harrington in 1929. (1 specimen.) 109074 Flint hammerstone presented to the bureau by J. D. Howard; cast of an engraved bone gorget sent by HE. M. Graves; and a Chinese basket. (8 specimens.) Oe SS REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 71 Accession No. 109788. Smoking pipe or cigarette made of anis by the San Juan Indians, San Benito County, Calif., and collected by J. P. Harrington. (1 specimen.) 110111. Cast of a “ cogged” stone from the ranch of Mrs. Newland of Hunting- ton Beach, Los Angeles, Calif., and presented to the bureau by S. C, Evans. (1 specimen.) 1101138. Decorated elk-skin pouch made by Fritz Hanson, a Karuk Indian of Somesbar, Siskiyou Co., Calif., and purchased from him by the bureau. (1 specimen.) 110319. Archeological material collected in 1928 by Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., from early Pueblo ruins in the Piedra District, Archuleta Co., south- west Colorado. (477 specimens.) PROPERTY Office equipment was purchased to the amount of $64.78. MISCELLANEOUS The correspondence and other clerical work of the office has been conducted by Miss May S. Clark, clerk to the chief, assisted by Mr. Anthony W. Wilding, clerk. Miss Mae W. Tucker, stenog- rapher, was engaged in completing the catalogue of phonograph records of Indian music, copying manuscripts for Doctor Swanton and in assisting Mr. Hewitt in his work as custodian of manuscripts and phonograph records. Mrs. Frances §. Nichols assisted the editor. During the course of the year information was furnished by mem- bers of the staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the North American Indian peoples, both past and present, and the Mexican peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods to the south. Various specimens sent to the bureau were identified and data on them furnished for their owners. Personnel—Dr. Francis LaF lesche retired as ethnologist of the bureau December 26, 1929. Respectfully submitted. M. W. Sriruine, Chief. 'Dr. C. G. Aspor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 5 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Sir: 1 have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For the support of the system of International Exchanges Con- gress appropriated $51,297, an increase of $942 over the amount granted for the preceding year. This extra amount was requested to cover the added cost for freight due to the increase in the weight of shipments sent abroad. The repayments from governmental and other establishments aggregated $5,050.30, making the total resources available for carrying on the Exchange Service during 1930, $56,347.30. The total number of packages received both from domestic and foreign sources for distribution through the service was 694,665, an increase over the previous year of 74,180, or about 12 per cent. The weight of these packages was 708,094 pounds, a gain of 86,721 pounds, or nearly 14 per cent. These increases are quite out of the ordinary, especially when it is considered that the gain in packages during the preceding year was one of the largest in the history of the service. The publications sent and received by the Exchange Service are classified as parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and miscellaneous scientific and literary publications. The term “ Par- liamentary documents,” as here used, refers to publications set aside by law for exchange with foreign governments, and includes not only documents printed by order of either House of Congress, but those issued by any department, bureau, or commission of the Government not of a confidential nature. The returns for these publications are deposited in the Library of Congress. The term “Departmental documents” embraces all of the publications de- livered at the Institution from the various Government departments, bureaus, or commissions, for distribution to correspondents abroad from whom they desire to obtain similar publications in exchange. The “ Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications” are re- ceived chiefly from learned societies, universities, colleges, scientific organizations, and museums. The number and weight of packages coming under these different headings are as follows: 72 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 73 Packages Weight Sent |Received| Sent | Received Pounds | Pounds United States parliamentary documents sent abroad __.-...-.-- FROG} S83 ULL. ue ib Ry 1h Pees BSE Publications received in return for parliamentary documents_..|........-- rg Sl aaa 35, 597 United States departmental documents sent abroad_----......- 106) QN7 ti 3" 185, 906 *125.-20... Publications received in return for departmental documents__..|-..--..--- i ee 25, 065 Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad...) 127,166 |.......--- ye 1 ares ee Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from abroad for distribution in the United States_.......--........|---------- SE) td (is eee 109, 319 meter res quoter yb yeeh cs yi civ rt ds Sh crt 622,916 | 71,749 | 538,113 | 169, 981 OO a PRE SEES ae Tes ends Pee torch eee eee 694, 665 708, 094 It will be seen from the foregoing table that 74 per cent of the work of the office has been conducted in behalf of the United States governmental establishments. There were shipped abroad during the year 3,235 boxes, being an increase of 412 (14.6 per cent) over the number for the preceding 12 months. This is the largest number of boxes forwarded abroad through the service in one year. These boxes measured a total of 17,034 cubic feet. Seven hundred and eighty-five of the boxes con- tained full sets of United States official documents for authorized depositories and the remainder (2,450) were filled with departmental and other publications for depositories of partial sets and for miscel- laneous correspondents. The number of boxes sent to each country is given below: Consignments of exchanges forwarded to foreign countries Country pool | Country Number | be] i 74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 In addition to the packages forwarded abroad in boxes, 67,945— an increase over last year of 7,089—were sent to their destinations direct by mail. About one-third of these packages contained copies of the daily issue of the Congressional Record, which, under treaty stipulations and by authority of Congress, are mailed directly to the depositories immediately upon publication. The remainder of the packages were partly for remote places which could not be reached through existing agencies and partly for countries for which the accumulations were so small at the scheduled forwarding dates that it was more economical to send them by mail than by freight. Almost since the establishment of the Smithsonian system of ex- changes in 1850, consignments received from abroad have, at the request of the Institution, been addressed in care of the collector of customs at the port of New York, consignments so addressed being admitted duty free and without examination. Up to July 1, 1923, an official of the United States customhouse attended to the entry and transmission to Washington of shipments arriving at the port of New York for the Smithsonian Institution. On that date the coordinator of the second area assumed charge of the handling of all shipments for the Institution, both incoming and outgoing. How- ever, as the foreign agencies had for so many years been accustomed to addressing boxes to the Institution in care of the Collector of Customs, no change in that regard was made until shortly before the close of the current fiscal year, when the various foreign exchange bureaus were requested to address all future shipments to the Insti- tution as follows: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C. Care Coordinator, Second Area, Customhouse, New York City, U. S. A. During the year nine boxes of exchanges from Germany were de- stroyed when the steamship MMtinchen sunk while unloading at her pier in New York, the sinking of the vessel having been caused by an explosion which resulted in a fire. These boxes contained publica- tions for distribution to various addresses in the United States and German patent specifications for the United States Patent Office, Boston Public Library, Chicago Public Library, and St. Louis Pub- lic Library. An effort is being made to obtain duplicate copies of the lost publications. As an example of the use made of the facilities of the International Exchange Service other than in transporting packages, reference is made to a request from Adelbert College Library, Cleveland, Ohio, for information concerning the Bulletin of Works published by the Station of Aquiculture and Fisheries of Castiglione, a communica- tion regarding the matter addressed to the station itself by the ~ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 75 library not having received attention. Full information was obtained by this office through the French Exchange Bureau, and in the library’s letter of acknowledgment to the Institution it is stated that “the information, which had been impossible for us to obtain, is just what we need.” FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS A convention for the international exchange of official documents and scientific and literary publications was concluded at Brussels March 15, 1886, between the United States and certain other coun- tries. In accordance with the terms of that convention and under authority of resolutions of Congress setting apart a certain number of documents for exchange with foreign governments, there now are sent regularly to depositories abroad 62 full sets of United States official publications and 47 partial sets, an increase of four sets dur- ing the year. China, Assam, Bihar and Orissa, Central Provinces, and the Punjab were added to the list of those countries receiving partial sets, and the set sent to Lourengo Marquez was discontinued. The depository in Austria has been changed from the Bundesamt fiir Statistik to the Bundeskanzleramt, Herrengasse 23, Vienna I; the one in Bolivia from the Ministerio de Colonizacién y Agricultura to the Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz; the one in Hesse, Germany, from the Landesbibliothek, Darmstadt, to the Universitiits-Bibliothek, Giessen; and the one in Honduras from the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores to the Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales, Tegucigalpa. A complete list of the foreign depositories of governmental doc- uments is given below: DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS ARGENTINA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Buenos Aires. Buenos Arres: Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata. (Depository of the Province of Buenos Aires.) AUSTRALIA: Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. New Soutn WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane. SoutH AvustTrRAnIA: Parliamentary Library, Adelaide. TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart. VicrortA: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. AusTRIA: Bundeskanzleramt, Herrengasse 23, Vienna I. BerctumM: Bibliothéque Royale, Brussels. Brazit: Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. MANITOBA: Provincial Library, Winnipeg. Ontario: Legislative Library, Toronto. Quesec: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec, Quebec. 76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 CHILE: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Santiago. CHINA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nanking. CotomsiIA: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. Costa Rica: Oficina de Depdésito y Canje International de Publicaciones, San José. CusA: Secretaria de Hstado (Asuntos Generales y Canje Internacional), Habana. CZECHOSLAYVAKIA: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague. DENMARK: Kongelige Bibliotheket, Copenhagen. Eeypt: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. HstTonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval). FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. Paris: Préfecture de la Seine. GERMANY: Reichstauschstelle im Reichsministerium des Innern, Berlin C 2. BADEN: Universitats-Bibliothek, Freiburg. (Depository of the State of Baden. ) BAvAkIA: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. PrussiIA: Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7. Saxony: Sichsische Landesbibliothek, Dresden—N. 6. WURTEMBERG: Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart. GREAT BRITAIN: ENGLAND: British Museum, London. Guascow: City Librarian, Mitchell Library, Glasgow. Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository of the London County Council.) GREECE: Shipments temporarily suspended. HuncAary: Hungarian House of Delegates, Budapest. InpIA: Imperial Library, Calcutta. IrtsH FREE STATE: National Library of Ireland, Dublin. Iraty: Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Rome. JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo. Latvia: Bibliothéque d’Etat, Riga. Mexico: Biblioteca Nacional, Mexico, D. F. NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague. New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. NorRTHERN IRELAND: Ministry of Finance, Belfast. Norway: Universitets-Bibliotek, Oslo. (Depository of the Government of Norway.) Prru: Biblioteca Nacional, Lima. PoLAND: Bibliothéque du Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw. PortuGAL: Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. RuMANIA: Academia Romanaé, Bucharest. Russta: Shipments temporarily suspended. Spain: Servicio del Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Cuerpo Faculta- tivo de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arquedélogos, Madrid. SWEDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. SwITzERLAND: Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. SWITZERLAND: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva. TURKEY: Ministére de l’Instruction Publique, Angora. UNIon or SoutH Arrica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. Urvueuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. YuGosLAviA: Ministére de Education, Belgrade. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 77 DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS AUSTRIA: VIENNA: Wiener Magistrat. Boutv1a: Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz. BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Directoria Geral de Estatistica em Minas, Bello Hori- zonte, Minas Geraes. Rio pe JANeErRO: Bibliotheca da Assemblea Legislativa do Estado, Nictheroy. British GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara. BULGARIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Sofia. CANADA: ALBertaA! Provincial Library, Edmonton. BritisH CotumsBiA: Legislative Library, Victoria. New Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton. Nova Scorra: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax. PrINcE EpwarpD Istanp: Legislative Library, Charlottetown. SASKATCHEWAN: Government Library, Regina. Cryton: Colonial Secretary’s Office (Record Department of the Library), Colombo. Curna: National Library, Peiping. Danzie: Stadtbibliothek, Free City of Danzig. DoMINICAN Repusric: Biblioteca del Senado, Santo Domingo. Ecvapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsingfors. FRANCE: ALSACE-LORAINE: Bibliothéque Universitaire et Régionale de Strasbourg, Strasbourg. GERMANY: BreMEN: SenatSkommission fiir Reichs- und Auswiirtige Angelegenheiten, HameBure: Senatskommission fiir Reichs- und Auswiirtige Angelegenheiten. Hesse: Universitiits-Bibliothek, Giessen. Lipeck: President of the Senate. THURINGIA: Rothenberg-Bibliothek, Landesuniversitiit, Jena. GUATAMALA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de la Reptblica de Guate- mala. Harri: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port au Prince. Honpvuras: Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales, Tegucigalpa. IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik. INDIA: Assam: General and Judicial Department, Shillong. Braar and Orissa: Revenue Department, Patna. Bompay: Undersecretary to the Government of Bombay, General Depart- ment, Bombay. BurMA: Secretary to the Government of Burma, Education Department, Rangoon. CENTRAL Provinces: General Administration Department, Nagpur. Mapras: Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, Public Department, Madras. Punsas: Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab, Lahore. UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OupH: University of Allahabad, Allahabad. JAMAICA: Colonial Secretary, Kingston. LipertA: Department of State, Monrovia. 78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 LITHUANIA: Ministére des Affaires Ntrangéres, Kaunas (KKovno). Matta: Minister for the Treasury, Valetta. NEWFOUNDLAND: Colonial Secretary, St. Johns. NICARAGUA: Superintendente de Archivos Nacionales, Managua. PANAMA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama. PARAGUAY: Seccién Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Estrella, 563, Asunci6én. SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, San Salvador. Siam: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. SrrRAITs SETTLEMENTS: Colonial Secretary, Singapore. INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL In 1909 Congress, in order to more fully carry into effect the provisions of the exchange convention concluded at Brussels in 1886, passed a resolution setting aside a certain number of copies of the daily issue of the Congressional Record for exchange, through the Smithsonian Institution, with such foreign governments as may agree to send to the United States current copies of their parliamen- tary record or like publication, the returns to be deposited in the Library of Congress. Since the passage of that resolution many countries have entered into this exchange, 102 copies of the Record now being sent abroad, one new depository—Colonial Secretary, Belize, British Honduras—having been added during the year. The depositories of the Record in San José, Costa Rica; Port-au- Prince, Haiti; and Belgrade, Yugoslavia, have been discontinued and the following have been added: “A Federacao,” Porto Alegre, Brazil; Ufficio degli Studi Legislativi, Rome, Italy; Library of the Persian Parliament, Teheran, Persia. The depository in Madrid, Spain has been changed to Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional. A complete list of the States taking part in this immediate ex- change, together with the names of the establishments to whom the Record is mailed, is given below: DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ARGENTINA : Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Buenos Aires. Camara de Diputados, Oficina de Informaci6n Parlamentaria, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires: Biblioteca del Senado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata. AUSTRALIA : Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. New South Wales: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney. Queensland: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane. Western Australia: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. AustTRIA: Bibliothek des Nationalrates, Vienna I. BELGIUM: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Représentants, Brussels. Bottvia: Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 79 BRAZIL: Bibliotheca do Congresso Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Amazonas: Archivo, Bibliotheca e Imprensa Publica, Manfos. Bahia: Governador do Estado de Bahia, Sio0 Salvador. Espirito Santo: Presidencia do Hstado do Espirito Santo, Victoria. Rio Grande do Sul: “A Federacio,” Porto Alegre. Sergipe: Director da Imprensa Official, Aracaju. Sio Paulo: Diario Official do Wstado de Sic Paulo, Sic Paulo. British Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize. CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa. Cuina: National Library, Pei Hai, Peking. CuBA: Biblioteca de la Cimara de Representantes, Habana. Biblioteca del Senado, Habana. CzeCHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague. Danza: Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DENMARK: Rigsdagens Bureau, Copenhagen. DoMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca del Senado, Santo Domingo. Durcn East Inpres: Volksraad yon Nederlandsch-Indié, Batavia, Java. Eeyret: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval). FRANCE: Chambre des Députés, Service de l’Information Parlementaire Etrangére, Paris. Bibliothéque du Sénat, au Palais du Luxembourg, Paris. GERMANY: Deutsche Reichstags-Bibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7. Anhalt: Anhaltische Landesbiicherei, Dessau. Baden: Universitits-Bibliothek, Heidelberg. Braunschweig: Bibliothek des Braunschweigischen Staatsministeriums. Braunschweig. Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Staatsministerium, Schwerin. Mecklenburg-Strelitz: Finanzdepartement des Staatsministeriums, Neu- strelitz. Oldenburg: Oldenburgisches Staatsministerium, Oldenburg i. O. Prussia: Bibliothek des Abgeordnetenhauses, Prinz-Albrechtstrasse 5, Berlin, S. W. 11. Schaumburg-Lippe: Schaumburg-Lippische Landesregierung, Biicheburg. GrIspRALTAR: Gibraltar Garrison Library Committee, Gibraltar. Great Brirarn: Library of the Foreign Office, London. Greece: Library of Parliament, Athens. GUATEMALA: Archivo General del Gobierno, Guatemala, HonpurkAs: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa. Huneary: Bibliothek des Abgeordnetenhauses, Budapest. InprA: Legislative Department, Simla. ITALY: Biblioteca della Camera dei Deputati, Rome. Biblioteca del Senato del Regno, Rome. Ufficio degli Studi Legislativi, Santo del Regno, Rome. 80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Iraq: Chamber of Deputies, Baghdad, Iraq (Mesopotamia). IrnisH Free Srate: Dail Hireann, Dublin. LatviA: Library of the Saeima, Riga. LiBERIA: Department of State, Monrovia. Mexico: Secretaria de la Camara de Diputados, Mexico, D. F. Aguascalientes: Gobernador del Estado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Campeche: Gobernador del Estado de Campeche, Campeche. Chihuahua: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Chiapas: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez. Coahuila: Periédico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno, Saltillo. Colima: Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima. Durango: Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Durango, Durango. Guanajuato: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato. Guerrero: Gobernador del Estado de Guerrero, Chilpancingo. Jalisco: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara. Lower California: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali, B. C., Mexico. Mexico: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca, Mexico. Michoacin: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan, Morelia. Morelos: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca. Nayarit: Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic. Nuevo Leon: Biblioteca del Estado, Monterey. Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca. Puebla: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Zaragoza. Queretaro: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seecién de Archivo, Queretaro. San Luis Potosi: Congreso del Estado, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa: Gobernador del Estado de Sinaloa, Culiacan. Sonora: Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo. Tabasco: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién 38a, Ramo de Prensa, Villahermosa. Tamaulipas: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria. Tlaxcala: Secretaria de Gobierno del Estado, Tlaxcala. VERA Cruz: Gobernador del Estado de Vera Cruz, Departamento de Gobernaci6én y Justicia, Jalapa. : Yucatan: Gobernador del Estado de Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatan. New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. Norway: Storthingets Bibliothek, Oslo. PrrstA: Library of the Persian Parliament, Téhéran. Peru: Cimara de Diputados, Congreso Nacional, Lima. PoLAND: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw. PORTUGAL: Biblioteca do Congresso da Republica, Lisbon. RUMANIA: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Députés, Bucharest. Ministére des Affaires Htrangéres, Bucharest. SPAIN: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Madrid. Barcelona: Biblioteca de la Comisi6n Permanente Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona. SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque de )’Assemblée Fédérale Suisse, Berne. Library of the League of Nations, Geneva. REPORT Of THE SECRETARY 81 Syria: Minist@ére des Finances de Ja République Libanaise, Service du Matériel, Beirut. Governor of the State of Alaouites, Lattaquié. Turkey: Turkish Grand National Assembly, Angora. Union oF SoutH AFRICA: Library of Parliament, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. Urueuay: Biblioteca de la Camara de Representantes, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Cimara de Diputados, Congreso Nacional, Caracas. FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES Following is a list of bureaus or agencies abroad through which the distribution of exchanges is effected. Most of those agencies forward consignments to the Smithsonian Institution for distribution in the United States. LIST OF EXCHANGE AGENCIES ALGERIA, via France. ANGOLA, via Portugal. ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Calle Cérdoba 931, Buenos Aires. Austria: Internationale Austauschstelle, Bundeskanzleramt, Herrengasse 23, Vienna I. AZORES, via Portugal. Betoium: Service Belge de Echanges Internationaux, Rue des Longs-Chariots, 46, Brussels. BorrviA: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, La Paz. Brazi_: Servicio de Permutacdes Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. British CoLtonres: Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. BritIsH GUIANA: Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Georgetown. British Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize. Butearia: Institutions Scientifiques de S. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia. CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain. Cuite: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Academia Sinica, 205 Avenue du Roi Albert, Shanghai. CoLtomsBiA; Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje International de Publicaciones, San José. CzecHosLovakia: Service Tchécoslovaque des Nchanges Internationaux, Biblio- théque de l’'Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79. Danzic: Amt fiir den Internationalen Schriftenaustausch der Freien Stadt Danzig, Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DenMArK: Service Danois des Eichanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. Dvutcu GutAnaA: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo. Ecvapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Quito. 82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 EKeypt: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Esronia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval). FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Helsingfors. France: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle, Paris. GERMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universitiitstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 3, and 4 Arthur St., New Oxford St., London W. C. 2. GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens. GREENLAND, via Denmark. GUATEMALA: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala. Harti: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations EXxtérieures, Port-au-Prince. HonpuraAs: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa. Houneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Budapest, IV. ICELAND, via Denmark. Tnpra: Superintendent of Stationery, Bombay. Iraty: R. Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero della Pubblica Istru- zione, Rome. JAMAICA: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston. JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo. JAVA, via Netherlands. Korea: Government General, Seoul. Latvia: Service des changes Internationaux, Bibliothéque d’Etat de Lettonie, Riga. LiperIA: Bureau of Exchanges, Department of State, Monrovia. LITHUANIA: Sent by mail. LovuRgenco Marquez, via Portugal. LUXEMBURG, via Belgium. MAapDAGASCAR, via France. MADEIRA, via Portugal. MOZAMBIQUE, Via Portugal. NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Library, The Hague. NEw SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. NEW ZEALAND: Dominion Museum, Wellington. NICARAGUA: Ministrio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de l'Université Royale, Oslo. PALESTINE: Hebrew University Library, Jerusalem. PANAMA: Sent by mail. PARAGUAY: Seccién Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Estrella 563, Asuncion. Peru: Oficina de Reparto, Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Fomento, Lima. Potanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque du Minls- tere des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw. PoRTUGAL: Seccao de Trocas Internaciones, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre- tary’s Department, Brisbane, RUMANIA: Bureau des Nehanges Internationaux, Institut Météorologique Cen- tral, Bucharest. Russta: Academy of Sciences, Leningrad. SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 83 S1am: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. South AusTRALIA: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Govern- ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide. Sparn: Servicio del Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Cuerpo Faculta- tivo de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arqueélogos, Madrid. Sumatra, via Netherlands. SWEDEN: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm. SwirTzERLAND: Service Suisse des Hchanges Internationaux, Biblioth@que Cen- trale Fédérale, Berne. Syria: American University of Beirut. TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart. 3 TrinipaAD: Royal Victoria Institute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain. Tunis, via France. TuRKEY: Robert College, Constantinople. Union or Sours Arrica: Government Printing Works, Pretoria, Transvaal. Uruaeuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. VicrorrA: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. Yucostavia: Minist@re des Affaires Ftrangéres, Belgrade. Mrs. Lucy C. Boehmer, who was retired in March last after hay- ing served for 34 years in the International Exchange Service, died July 2, 1930. She was the widow of George H. Boehmer, formerly chief clerk of the Exchange Service. Respectfully submitted. C. W. SHorMAKER, Chief Clerk, International Exchange Service. Dr. Cuarues G. Apsor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 6 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the oper- ations of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: The regular appropriation made by Congress for the maintenance of the park was $203,000, an increase of $7,450 over 1929. In addi- tion an appropriation of $220,000 was provided for the construction of a reptile house. The completion of this building has been made possible by the addition of $28,000 to the regular 1931 appropria- tion. The first deficiency act provided $2,000 for the construction of a gate to close at night a new road leading into the south portion of the park by Rock Creek. On February 8, 1930, the Zoo suffered a severe loss in the death of Mr. A. B. Baker, who for more than 39 years had been assistant di- rector. To Mr. Baker’s great loyalty as well as his profound knowl- edge of zoological park management is due to a large extent the de- velopment of the National Zoological Park. His death takes away not only a good friend but a most valued official. He was succeeded by Mr. Ernest P. Walker, formerly senior biologist of the Biological Survey, who had recently been engaged in the game and bird reservation work conducted by that bureau. ACCESSIONS Gifts——The collection this year has been greatly benefited by gifts, some of them of rare and unusual specimens obtained on ex- peditions. Dr. Paul Bartsch brought home with him from South America and the West Indies 6 iguanas, 10 South American tortoises, and 50 hermit crabs. Mr. Fred Carnochan, of New York, returned from East Africa with a rare white-thighed colobus, a Schwineforth chimpanzee, and a Killimbira guenon. This last was obtained from M. de Frey- gang of Urundi, and is the first of its kind to be exhibited in the United States. Mr. Stephen Haweis brought from Dominica four giant toads and half a dozen large edible frogs of this island, locally called “ moun- tain chickens.” 84 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85 Dr. H. C. Kellers, United States Navy, who accompanied the astronomical expedition to the Philippines, returned with a large shipment of snakes, lizards, birds, and small mammals. Mr. W. M. Perrygo of the United States National Museum, on an expedition to Haiti, secured a large collection, of which six rhinoceros iguanas and two Haitian boas were the most interesting to the Zoo, though some of the small snakes that he collected may prove to be new species. Hon. Gifford Pinchot, who cruised the Pacific on a notable expedi- tion, brought home with him for the National Zoological Park a specimen of the almost extinct Duncan Island tortoise, a Hood Island tortoise, four Albemarle tortoises, and three land iguanas, all from the Galapagos. These are very important additions and make the collection of giant tortoises one of the finest. Through Theodore Roosevelt, jr., Harold S. Coolidge, jr., and Ralph Wheeler, of the Kelly-Roosevelt expedition, were presented a trio of white-faced gibbons, father, mother, and child, all magnifi- cent specimens; a rare Bay Bamboo rat; a sun bear; a Himalayan bear; as well as several smaller specimens. Mr. Foster H. Benjamin of the United States Department of Agri- culture, who has been engaged in field work in connection with the extermination of the fruit fly in Florida, has kept a constant lookout for reptiles, and through him there has been obtained a notable collection of Florida species, including many desirable specimens. Mr. O. Hallson, Bethel, Alaska, through the Alaska Game Com- mission and the United States Biological Survey, sent three pairs of the rare Emperor goose, and Mr. E. R. Kalmbach of the United States Biological Survey secured on a western trip a collection of 31 assorted birds, including 5 Caspian terns. : The United Fruit Co., through Mr. Samuel Kress of Costa Rica, has continued its interest and presented a fine pair of Costa Rican deer, a collared peccary, and an Imperial boa. Through the Walter P. Chrysler fund was purchased a specimen of the very rare saddle-bill stork of West Africa, one of the most striking of living birds. This bird was captured by the Viennese explorer Weidholz, and was acclimatized in Vienna and afterwards in Nice. DONORS Mr. Eugene L. Abbott, Washington, D. C., alligator. Mr. H. W. Armentrout, Washington, D. C., 6 opossums. Dr. Paul Bartsch, National Museum, Washington, D. C., 6 iguanas, 10 tortoises, 50 hermit crabs. Mr. Frank Bastiani, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot. Mr. D. F. Beale, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant. 28095—31——-7 86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Mr. Foster H. Benjamin, Orlando, Fla., through United States Department of Agriculture, American ‘ chameleon,” 4 gopher tortoises, 2 chicken turtles, 4 Florida box turtles, 5 soft-shell turtles, Osceola snapping turtle, 2 pine snakes, worm lizard, indigo snake, 9 tree frogs, oak toad, 4 toads. Mr. John L, Billman, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Mr. J. 8. C. Boswell, Alexandria, Va., 2 copperheads, king snake, water snake. Mrs. Anne I. Boyd, Washington, D. C., yellow-shouldered parrot. Messrs. L. A. Branchaud, Havre de Grace, Md., and H. ©. Oberholser, through United States Biological Survey, whistling swan. Mr. John S. Burrows, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. Mrs. C. J. Caithness, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet. Mr. F. G. Carnochan, New York City, white-thighed colobus, chimpanzee. Mr. W. Chavous, Washington, D. C., black snake. Mr. Charles M. Clark, Washington, D. C., canary. Mr. Walter P. Chrysler, Detroit, Mich., saddle-bill stork, 2 viscachas, bell bird. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell Church, jr., Seattle, Wash., 2 Sitka bears. Mrs. D. M. Cole, Beloit, Wis., 3 flying squirrels. Miss Jean Craighead, Chevy Chase, Md., turkey vulture. Miss Mary Daly, Washington, D. C., gray fox. Mr. A. H. Davis, Palmyra, Va., Cuban parrot. Mr. Talbot Denmead, Washington, D. C., call duck. Mrs. HE. N. Dingley, Washington, D. C., red fox. Mr. J. H. Dobbins, Washington, D. C., 2 woodchucks. Mrs. Mary Dowling, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk. Major Albert F. Drake, Ashton, Md., goat. Mrs. Herbert Elmore, Washington, D. C., coyote. Mr. EH. T. Hvans, through United States Department of Agriculture, soft- shell turtle. Miss Harriet A. Fellows, Washington, D. C., 2 painted turtles. Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., water snake, boa. M. de Freygang, Usambura, Urundi, Africa (through F. G. Carnochan) Kil- limbira guenon. Mr. A. L. Goolsbe, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. Mr. W. A. Graves, Richmond, Va., raccoon. Mr. Walter Greene, Washington, D. C., titi monkey. Gude Bros., Washington, D. C., 3 alligators. Mr. O. Hallson, through Alaska Game Commission and United States Bio- logical Survey, Bethel, Alaska, 6 Emperor geese. Mr. Rodney Hart, Washington, D. C., flying squirrel. Mr. R. Hartshorn, Washington, D. C., copperhead. Mr. Stephen Haweis, Dominica, British West Indies, 4 giant toads, T Domini- can frogs. Mr. C. L. Head, Washington, D. C., 2 canaries. Mr. Rush L. Holland, Washington, D. C., yellow-fronted parrot. Mrs. Mary Hosick, Washington, D. C., double yellow-headed parrot. Mr. Philip R. Hough, Hast Falls Church, Va., 4 box turtles, wood tortoise, common snapping turtle. Mr. A. B. Howell, Baltimore, Md., Emperor boa. Mr. J. A. Hyslop, jr., Silver Spring, Md., 2 copperheads, fence lizard, blue racer, black snake, 2 hog-nosed snakes. Dr. H. H. T. Jackson, United States Biological Survey. 3 musk turtles, 10 ornate turtles. Capt. John N. Johnson, Fort George G. Meade, Md., hog-nosed snake. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 87 Mr. BE. R. Kalmbach, United States Biological Survey, 3 California gulls, 7 ring-billed gulls, 5 caspian terns, 5 shovellers, 7 coots, 7 green-winged teals. Dr. H. C. Kellers, United States Navy, 7 regal pythons, 2 Philippine water dragons, 4 Philippine monitors, 3 Philippine macaques, common jungle fowl, Malay Brahminy kite, 13 tangalunga and Philippine palm-civets, 12 bleeding- heart doves, 16 green-winged doves. Mr. M. A. Kendall, Holtville, Calif., 2 tricolor ground snakes. Mr. Jack Knauer, Washington, D. C., 11 opossums, Mr. E. H. Kreh, Frederick, Md., copperhead. Mr. Samuel Kress, through the United Fruit Co., Costa Rican deer, collared pececury, imperial boa. Mr. C. D. Langdon, Washington, D. C., raccoon. Mrs. F. S. Long, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot. Mr. John L. Magnus, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant. Mrs. McCormick-Goodhart, Hyattsville, Md., 2 cockatiels. Mr. E. B. McLean, Friendship, D. C., 2 black mallards, call duck. Mr. R. F. McMahon, Washington, D. C., 2 barn owls. Mr. Bob McPherson, Johnny Jones Carnival, murine opossum. Mr. F. Miller, Washington, D. C., garter snake. Mr. Walter L. Mitchell, East Falls Church, Va., black Carolina vulture. Mr. O. J. Murie, Jackson, Wyo., through United States Biological Survey, 7 Rocky Mountain jays, long crested jay. Mr. M. E. Musgrave, Phoenix, Ariz., through United States Biological Survey, red racer. Mr. Wilfred Nerlich, Washington, D. C., ferret. Mr. BE. 8S. Newman, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant. Mr. Harry Norment, Washington, D. C., double yellow-headed parrot. Dr. A. Obele, Washington, D. C., 2 alligators. Miss Frances Owen, Chevy Chase, D. C., 2 sereech owls. Mr. R. G. Paine, Washington, D. C., black snake. Mrs. P. B. Parke, Chevy Chase, Md., 2 goldfinches. Mr. W. M. Perrygo, National Museum, 6 green vine snakes, 3 Haitian boas, 2 garter snakes, 2 turtles, 6 rhinoceros iguanas, West Indian crocodile, West Indian tree duck, bobwhite, white-winged dove, West Indian dove, ground dove, red-shouldered hawk. Mr. W. B. Pierce, Washington, D. C., alligator. Hon. Gifford Pinchot, Washington, D. C., Duncan Island tortoise, Hood Island tortoise, 3 Galapagos iguanas, 4 Albemarle tortoises. Mr. Lincoln Potter, Washington, D. C., 2 turkey vultures. Mr. and Mrs. 8S. H. Rathbun, Washington, D. C., yellow and blue macaw. Mrs. Mary Roberts Rinehart, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. Mr. W. H. Rogers, Liverpool, England, 2 New Guinea brown pigeons. Messrs. Theodore Roosevelt, jr., Harold 8. Coolidge, jr., and Ralph Wheeler (Kelly-Roosevelt expedition), 3 white-cheeked gibbons, 2 pig-tailed monkeys, 3 rhesus monkeys, sun bear, Himalayan bear, Bay bamboo rat. Mr. C. M. Rose, Wheeling, W. V., yellow-shouldered parrot. Mr. Walter Deane Rose, Washington, D. C., 3 horned lizards. Mr. H. H. Rudolph, Washington, D. C., 2 ring-necked pheasants. San Diego Zoological Society, San Diego, Calif., 2 rat kangaroos. Mr. Helmar C. Schmidt, Fastport, Md., American crow. Mr. A. P. Scott, Isle of Wight Co., Va., bald eagle. Mr, P. E. Siggers, Washington, D. C., 100 white mice. Mr. H. H. Shamel, Washington, D. C., woodchuck, 2 muskrats. 88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 Mr. Raymond C. Shannon, National Museum, Washington, D. C., douroucouli, squirrel monkey, yaguarundi. Mr. Robert Shosteck, Washington, D. C., pine skink. Mr, P. W. Shufeldt, Belize, British Honduras, Baird’s tapir. Mr. G. T. Smallwood, Chevy Chase, D. C., Marine turtle. Mr. Donald Smith, Chevy Chase, Md., common snapping turtle. Commander Kirby Smith, United States Navy, 2 green-rumped parrotlets, Venezuelan parrot, 2 blue-winged paroquets. Mrs. J. L. Stafford, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot. Mrs. M. Stallsmith, Kensington, Md., orange-fronted parrot. Mr. F. W. Steele, Charleston, W. Va., 6 opossums. Mr. Clifton Stone, Washington, D. C., 4 horned lizards. Mr. W. R. Tayloe, Fredericksburg, Va., plains wolf. Mr. Oliver Taylor, Washington, D. C., 2 alligators. Dr. J. P. Thomas, Miami, Ila., Philippine macaque. Misses Helen and Emily Thour, Washi ngton, D. C., 2 alligators. Mrs. Tolson, Washington, D. C., yellow-fronted parrot. Mr. F. M. Uhler, through United Stat es Biological Survey, weasel. Mrs. Walsh, Washington, D. C., opossum. Mrs. Martha I. Weaver, Washington, D. C., African gray parrot. Mrs. Charles M. Weeks, Chevy Chase, Md., white-throated capuchin. Mr. G. T. Wells, Gaithersburg, Md., barn owl. Mrs. Wm. Werntz, Annapolis, Md., orange-crowned parrot. Mrs. Whitehorne, Washington, D. C., cedar wax-wing. Mr. C. E. Whittington, United States Department of Agriculture, chicken turtle. Mr. Orme Wilson, Washington, D. C., ¢ apuchin. Mrs. Works, Washington, D. C., grass parrakeet. Mrs. George M. Wright, Washington, D. C., double yellow-headed parrot. Births.—There were 56 mammals born and 5 birds hatched in the Park during the year. These include the following: Mammals | Scientific name Common name am: ATNMGtragis lOLVide== cao e eee eae eee oe AQUGAG 2onecan cose cae aeec ae ee eee ene Axis ards eee ae re eee ere ee Amisidesretsen-=s0~-=2 nebo tan a see een ne Bison: Dison 23—— = sete hee os a a oe a American) DISQMS . we csn eco oases ee = BUD aMISIDUDALISe 2 tence te oe e eee ee ee eee indian pubalose ses see. ee ee Canis ilatrans. 2:22 pe eek kk ee hee. eet Coyotetec o.28) 2 tenet oe ee Cervus duvaucelii Cervus elaphus PARA GAMA eee ene oe ee Equus przewalskii Felis leo Genetta dongalana neumanni Glaucomys volans Hippopotamus amphibius Lama glama Macaca fuscata Ovis europaeus Phacochoerus aethiopicus Poephagus grunniens Procyon lotor Sika nippon Lion Neumann’s genet Flying squirrel Hippopotamus | Llama Japanese monkey Coatimundi IM oudlon {58 28 soo Soa 82 Pe eee CON RR RE WR NE RNWND HE WOR Robe eee REPORT OF THE SECRETARY S9 Birds Scientific name Common name Branta canadensis occidentalis...............---.-.-- W DLCS-CROGMG ONES. ne conccucccanecos - Pellecanus erythrorhynchos_.......--.--------------- American white pelican.......--.--------- Purchases and exchanges—Among the most important purchases during the year were a pair of maccaroni penguins, four pairs of birds of paradise (Wilson’s, Magnificent, King, and 12-wired), a golden headed mynah, a pair of spectacled owls, and a pair of European eagle owls, the last two being from the estate of Spedan Lewis, the noted English aviculturist; and an imperial parrot se- cured in Dominica through Mr. Stephan Haweis. A pigmy hippopotamus was bought as a mate to the one already in the collection, and a male Molucca deer was also bought for the same purpose. The zoo purchased a pair of sea lions to replace those that died last year; a pair of jaguars, which have been lacking in our collection; and a black jaguar. The last is the third of its kind to come to the United States, and is an exceedingly rare and beautiful specimen. Important animals received in exchange during the year were a pair of Molucca deer, and two pairs of axis deer, three keas, and a rare wallaroo. REMOVALS The most serious loss to the collection was that of old Mom, the female hippopotamus, who had been at the Park for 19 years, and during that time had given birth to seven young, five of which were raised. Causes of death—When it has been thought that determination of the cause of death of certain animals might be useful, the specimens have been submitted to the Pathological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry for examination. The following list shows the results of the autopsies: MAMMALS Carnivora: Hemorrhagic septicemia, 1; chronic pneumonia, 1. Pinnipedia: Gastritis, 1. Primates: Intestinal parasites, 1. Ungulata: Gastroenteritis, 3; pneumonia, 1; internal hemorrhage, 1; bilateral hemorrhagic impact of the adrenals, 1; no cause found, 1. Rodentia: No cause found, 1. 90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 BIRDS Anseriformes: Enteritis, 2; no cause found, 1. Gruiformes: No cause found, 1. Psittaciformes: Tuberculosis, 1. Passeriformes: Enteritis, 1; no cause found, 1. REPTILES Chelonia: Intestinal ulceration, 1. ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1930 Mammals Scientific name Common name ee MARSUPIALIA Caloprymnus campestris RatKANParOO. . <-o202— ea 2 Didelphisivirginiana=s-& pt yw Se eae Opossum. 38222 Be ee ee Sa 21 Macropus robustus____---_-- Wallaroo or Huro__-_-----__ 1 Macropus rufus_-_---_------- Great red kangaroo______-__- 1 Phascoloniys mitehelli- 25-22 2252 _ eS eee NWViODIDAD.. ene aoe see eee eee ee 1 CARNIVORA Acinonyx fubstus: 2 FuS PASS os se 1 Arctictis binturong 1 Bassariscus astutus 1 Canisidingpys 22s ee 1 CaNISNAEEAN Set meee eee eae ere 8 Canislatrans os. aot ssi ens Liat Albinoicovote 22a. 2 ae eee 1 @anisimesonielas’. G55 Siitryiits oma are Black-backed jackal? 212 fvtiees Jie Perey 1 @arismupids see oe ee es ee ne ee Pains wolt-. aos FCs eee ear eee oe ere 11 Crocuta crocuta germinans. 222.2 )s ee ha East African spotted hyena___.--..-..2.-.--_.L- 1 Melsicapeusispindela so ee er ee ee WAST HAUTICAT SOGVelL cc ee eee 2 Helisicaracalinibies =e mais Lav reisas gE ee ‘Abyssinian lynx:...._--.._-. 22 aes pee 1 Melisiconcolor aztecas ss a2 oe oe ee ee Mexicans puma. 3 a ee 3 MeliSi6o0s Sete eee. ee ST eee LOTS Se eee SOC Pe Oe ee ne eee 8 Nels OnGa see at aE ee eee RRL ene See ee eS eee 2 Melisioncas 6:5 0-6 Teta A Ni Se ee Black japan: 2070 26-74 ee ee Ee eer ee 1 Helisipardalis brasiliensis. _.-..2-._ 2.22222 Brazilian ocelot 1 Felis pardalis griffithii____- Bl Ocelot: la /3 es _ 1 Felis pardalis var____..__-- WO Calo btiwe Aaee Sake anes renee ae Benne es See 1 Pelisspandus 690-2) wot at Ait eek ta) eopard s:Avrican:c< -_ 231227 BAe eee BE 5 BG UISTGEE Whe ee ee eet ep ee ke en, Saree SSCSTE 42) La no ae Be, “Papin Sesh oles NOE LN Depiee amt co 1 BOlisttignibas si =-- So Jats PE ee bee et Bengalitiger. m2. ie. ot arid Jaden 1 Helis tigris lONPIpLIS--.. ee eee Manchurian tiger=e - nee re ee 1 Gennetta dongalana neumanni_____.__--__-____- INGUIN SONU tee eee ee eee aera 4 Ganloiuscws esa eee eee Oe ae IV OUVORITIG 1. LE 2) Pee Te RLS Fie ent anaes aren 2 Holaretos malayanus){.!2) Sek Ed Le Sun ‘beard. #2 oe. FUER a ee Te ye oe ee 2 IGLDOStESUCMNOMINON. Cac se nee eee en eee Heyptlal MOnLOOSGL— 22a 2 eco ee eee 1 Hygena ibrunneaa of). fe Bae a ot Brow h-hy ends 2 $< 37: - Se: A ae 5 eee 2 ITS CHNGdONSIS/ VAPAY ea once oo ee ee ee ee IBIORIG ATOGLEY sn. oon a ee eee ee 1 Riym x, Dalle ygee t= ok 4 Fh yo ee Dee ee Bac Su Baileyis lynx: 2-2 4 0 pee ee ee 1 EXC RTA CH 2 Senin oe we eral o eee Spe as eye 1 Bynes. ek aoe 2 Mellivora capensis 1 VEG ENGI S ru PRA ase ee ee 3 MaUSpela unos: so-so a a Ree ey 1 Mustela noveboracensis 1 IN ASTAI SD tie we ak ns ee ah ns i eee ee Gostintundi, silky-brown: 222 eS 1 INSISTS S pine 2S so ea a oe NES SE Costimundit dark brows soe eee eee 1 AN SUI MATICAL tah key eee Coatings pray es seer = ee eee een 5 Peradoxurus philippensis## (Veo, Seow Philippine palii-clyv6ta n=) eek: ee ree 7 PO TOS HHS VIS oe oe ee at ee Kinkajou 22. 22ers 6 IBFOCVONICANCrIVOLUS.. 22 22-2o Grab-Gatingraccoone sae ete ee ne 2 Brocyouuotor: 22950 8 ee eee Raccoon {= se 2ieeet eee tenant seep 19 IBROvelesiCnista pUSae oan ee a ] Taxideaitaxuss. S25 Bees See ds, 2 TAG TAND ATO BNO srt cere ae aah ee Ty 1 Thalarctos maritimus______- 3 Urocyon cinereoargenteus _-- 4 (UTSHSia Men Canus 2.8. ae a eo aeeeee 5 Ursus americanus cinnamoneus 2 TSS apachOte oases se ooo eee seace acne eee Apache! grizzly