sponte anyechi eee beth 5a) shih Sigh) em ane si3e4 mitt resets se ei fh ae yi - bs ba H Teisipel i - h og renee aia ra aed fey toti siseateceedd Pana , : | Forty-seventh Annual Report is ik of the _ BUREAU OF AMERICAN a A RHNOLOGY / 1929-1930 'Cwar museY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON (39h .g 8 i deiah nd * vent ue Oia thee Nev bi ni : ME ‘ \ , 1 aglely ‘ee beth FORTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY TO! DHE, SEGRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1929-1930 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1932 FoR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. F ie 4 b VWAVAS HO) 1 HP ol) VHOGNS FAY Aa i a i FQ) tHE PH a si] , bryy 27 | of Lect if ibn, a = ~~ a — a LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BurEAvU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, Washington, D. C., July 15, 1930. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith the Forty- seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. With appreciation of your aid in the work under my charge, I am Very respectfully yours, M. W. STIRLING, Chief. Dr. C. G. ABBOT, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. ill rie: el MEA. E40: ANTE iE — noir’ ie veer roodgnarta weoiIaMA. 0 wal OUR et Wie 0 . ya nalentdes lt — “4 pe wilh Witmer eiiidice of ronbif 4d) ved Grolomla wnatiomA Vue on att to troqad Loon cee OEHT LOF sail habir, IW {ete nt ult ae aol : eal, Tugs ag bee Sire erie Vaan AITOL “eur sh 2 Sty wilde i Din hy a faAtis anne WW : y wi Ay y : oattrr ullerie tucks : us (a4 agin Aai7 Sup laad\ wHEGOA ALAA. Nien re CONTENTS REPORT OF THE CHIEF Page SMS ULE ALI CRLCSERT CHES ee a ea ae aa ete elt — 1 PE CIAIReSe sch Cs meee = ae ee ee 8 Piditonia UewonkssnG ypu loll es tl ors eee ee ee 11 ISAS =e ee Se ee See eae eee SS ae ae 12 Gi ca ee ee ee ee ee a ne Sena cee Sm 12 @ollectionse ss ae ee ee oe ee ee Se ae ee sae ce aes aat= 13 PRO DON ies. 6 otenesoeoos sone neon = Here R Ses aes eee na Saas eee 14 AVITSCe MANGO Seen eee eae ee ase Seana seeaee se eaa=s 14 ACCOMPANYING PAPERS Tes ANcroyonts hovel, lon ISIN \WAniGy = eee ee ee ae eae 17 Isleta, New Mexico, by Elsie Clews Parsons-_-_----_-------------------- 193 Introduction to Zuni Ceremonialism, by Ruth L. Bunzel_-------------- 467 Fun Oricing Viythsby huUthe Gags Zee a= a ee en 545 VAviin REN Teteeinay lony Leyva Ibs IeiiWey Se 611 Fivwans Kegon, Jong IWIN Is Iya ee ee oe ee 837 4 7 area ro n _ - : - ¥ bs I <4 __ a 7 ss 4 ~~. * elt it ue Wh vin -_ 7 ret ss = > - - S a bb rs oe — or) ives acai a aA =» ——<— +} p—G oo es a etre ham at al = 4 : ae poder Bun hve enlite at —P oe | - 3 iat da DA 7 > 7 £ iooht Ly 7 7 - a _ — — a aye a ae : ‘= Saba a ees ae Ze hide ; > »e PA ov PATO. Lay) a = - - —s oa i oH ee Cae ABA weed ot iia > hae Sees UNE T jverdl’ F wali anla AS ear 7 a 66. Oe Etna i MT Gl ee diene) ngs at aioe nba. oe eC ahh aa ri 1 Sensi ; Haatbll J ut eee) VeRO Sips “teoutt but 3 ats aaa e ’ 7 _ a 7 7 a > a - » » _ a ; - . er : oa the i a = a a ri i) tI ° p c a = - os aul - 7 ¥ 7 (“a ' pines : Bs , - 7 - a * : 7 Pont 7 2 , he . a REPORT OF THE CHIEF FORTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY M. W. Stiruinc, Chief The operations of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, were conducted in accordance with the act of Congress approved February 20, 1929, making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government, which act contains the following item: American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains under the direction of the Smith- sonian Institution, including necessary employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustrations, the purchase of books and periodicals, and traveling expenses, $68,800. SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES Mr. M. W. Stirling, chief, in the month of August, 1929, visited Gallup, N. Mex., whence he went to the Long H Ranch, Arizona, in order to view the archeological excava- tions being conducted there by Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., of the bureau staff. From the Long H Ranch he proceeded to Pecos, N. Mex., for the purpose of attending the Confer- ence of Southwest Archeologists, which was held at the site of the excavations being conducted by Dr. A. V. Kidder. From Pecos Mr. Stirling went to Hanover, N. H., to deliver an address before the annual meeting of the Social Science Research Council. On February 1 Mr. Stirling went to Key West, Fla., where, through the courtesy of Mr. Lee Parish, he was enabled to conduct an archeological reconnaissance of the Ten Thousand 1 2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Islands in Mr. Parish’s yacht, the Esperanza. Upon the completion of this reconnaissance a visit was made to La- cooche, Fla., where a small mound was excavated. Mr. Stirling next proceeded to Tampa Bay, where a large sand mound near Safety Harbor was excavated. Work was continued on the preparation of manuscript descriptive of the field work, and a number of short articles were prepared and published in various periodicals. Fre- quent lectures on anthropological topics were given during the year before various scientific and educational bodies. Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, conducted field work during July and August, 1929, in Mississippi and Oklahoma. He collected further ethnological material from the Missis- sippi Choctaw, and corrected notes that were obtained the year before. In Oklahoma Doctor Swanton visited most of the existing Square Grounds of the Creeks, witnessed parts of several ceremonies, and obtained descriptions of their ceremonial arrangement. The Choctaw material has been incorporated in his manuscript, Source Book for the Social and Ceremonial Customs of the Choctaw, which is ready for publication. The data Doctor Swanton collected on Creek Square Grounds will form a short paper and is ready for publication. Doctor Swanton corrected throughout the words of his Timucua dictionary, completing work begun last year; and in addition he began the work of translating them, with the help of the original Timucua-Spanish religious works in which the material is preserved. Further work was done on the map of Indian tribes, the scope of which has been ex- tended so as to cover Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies; the accompanying text has also been amplified. On June 20 Doctor Swanton left Washington to resume field work in the State of Louisiana. On July 1, 1929, Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, went to Shawnee, Okla., to continue his study of the Algonquian Tribes of that State, where he obtained a fairly representa- tive collection of Kickapoo mythology. From these studies Doctor Michelson found that his statement made 14 years ago that Kickapoo mythology, on the whole, is closest to ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 3 Fox mythology, still holds valid. It should be mentioned that Kickapoo shares with certain northern Indian tribes a number of tales which are either absent from the Fox or their knowledge is confined to but few of them. Despite some secondary changes, Kickapoo is an archaic Algonquian lan- guage. It may be added that their religious ideas and practices hold their own with great vigor. Obviously, the type of social organization is quite similar to those of the Sauk and Fox. Work among the Sauk and Shawnee was chiefly linguistic. The new data clearly show that Shawnee is further removed from Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo than sup- posed; yet it is abundantly clear that it is closer to them than to any other Algonquian languages. Only a short time was given to Cheyenne, practically nothing but linguistics being considered. The opinion given by Doctor Michelson in the Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Bureau that Cheyenne must be considered aberrant Algonquian is fully sustained. Some social customs were noted, among them male descent. Work among the Arapaho was mainly linguistic. A large part of the time in the office was spent in preparing for publication a large memoir on the Fox Wapandwiweni. -This is now in an advanced stage of preparation. He also corrected the proofs of Bulletin 95 of the bureau, which was issued during the year. On June 38, 1930, Doctor Michelson left Washington to renew his work among the Algonquian Tribes of Oklahoma. He spent at first a short time on the Cheyenne. It is now possible to formulate some of the phonetic shifts that have transformed Cheyenne from normal Algonquian. It is also clear that some of the commonest words in normal Algon- quian are lacking. He then took up work again among the Kickapoo and obtained an even larger body of myths and tales. Some new facts on their social organization were likewise obtained. Mr. John P. Harrington, ethnologist, worked during the year securing the language and much of the ethnology of the San Juan tribe of California through an aged and ill informant, Mrs. Ascensién Solérsano, at Monterey, Calif. 4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Having learned the language, which has scarcely been spoken since 1850, through the circumstance that both her mother and father, who were full-blood Indians, talked it together all their lives, the mother dying at 84 years of age and the father at 82, she retained a knowledge of an extinct language and a dead culture, and lived long enough to enable Mr. Harrington to record practically all that she knew, thus filling in a great blank in California ethnology. So sick that she was scarcely able to sit up even at the beginning of the work, Mr. Harrington continued this work at her bedside until well into January, 1930, and no Indian ever showed greater fortitude than this poor soul who served the bureau up to almost her last day. The material recorded consisted of every branch of linguistic and ethnological information and contains many new and important features. Mrs. Solorsano during all the latter part of her life was recognized as a doctora. Her little home at Gilroy, Calif., was a free hospital for down-and-outs of every nationality and creed, and here the sick and ailing were treated with Indian and Spanish herb medicines and were seen through to the last with motherly care and no thought of recompense. Mr. Harrington obtained full accounts of how she treated all the various diseases, and of the herbs and other methods employed. Specimens of the herbs were obtained and iden- tified by the division of plants of the National Museum. Songs were recorded on the phonograph; and accounts of ceremonies and description of all the foods of the Indians and how they were cooked were obtained. Accounts of the witcheries of the medicine men take us back to earliest times, and are mingled with the early history of the tribe at the San Juan Mission. Many stories and anecdotes about early Indians were recorded and throw much light on the thought and the language of the times. Names of plants and animals and places were studied and identified, Dr. C. Hart Merriam generously helping in this and other sections of the work. In spite of her age and infirmities, Dona Ascensién’s mind remained remarkably clear and her memory was exceptional. No greater piece of good fortune has ever attended ethnological research of a tribe that was culturally ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 5 of the greatest importance, forming an all but lost link between the cultures of northern and southern California. After the death of Dofia Ascensién at the end of January, 1930, Mr. Harrington spent some weeks in checking up on the information in every way possible, copying from the archives at San Juan Mission, working at the Bancroft Library at Berkeley, Calif., and interviewing many individ- uals, and returned to Washington in April, since which time he has been engaged in preparing a report on the work for publication. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., archeologist, devoted the fiscal year to a number of activities. July, August, and the first part of September, 1929, were spent conducting excavations at the Long H Ranch, between St. Johns and Houck, in eastern Arizona. The work was begun in May and contin- ued through June of the preceding fiscal year, so that the investigations extending from July to the middle of Septem- ber were a continuation of work already under way. At the completion of the summer’s work the remains of three different types of houses had been uncovered. These included 18 pit houses, the vestiges of three jacal (pole and mud) structures, and a pueblo ruin with 49 rooms, and 4 kivas or circular ceremonial rooms. The pit houses were found to correspond in many respects with those dug up by Doctor Roberts in the Chaco Canyon, in northwestern New Mexico, during the summer of 1927 and described in Bulletin 92 of the Bureau of American Eth- nology. The jacal houses were found to have been quite comparable to a similar type found in southern Colorado during the field season of 1928. The latter were extensively described in Bulletin 96 of the bureau. The pueblo revealed an unusually clear-cut story of the growth and changes in a communal dwelling. The building had not been erected according to a preconceived plan but had grown by degrees through the addition of new units. It was quite evident that such additions had taken place at four different periods in the occupation of the building. Doctor Roberts returned to Washington in October. The autumn months were devoted to reading and correcting 6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY galley and page proofs for the report on the investigations of the 1928 field season. This paper is called Early Pueblo Ruins in the Piedra District, Southwestern Colorado, and is Bulletin 96 of the bureau. The winter months were devoted to working over the specimens obtained from the summer’s excavations and preparing a report on the investigations. This included the drawing of 31 text figures, consisting of 70 drawings, 1 map showing the region in general and the location of the sites, and the writing of a 600-page manuscript. The latter is entitled ““The Ruins at Kiatuthlanna, Eastern Arizona,” the Zuni Indian name for the locality. Doctor Roberts assisted Mr. Neil M. Judd, of the United States National Museum, in cataloguing the collections made along the Piedra River in southwestern Colorado in the summer of 1928. Illustrated lectures on the archeology of the Southwest were delivered before a number of Washington organizations, and information on the archeology of the New World was supplied in response to many letters of inquiry. On May 12, 1930, Doctor Roberts left Washington for Denver, Colo., where one week was spent in studying new accessions in the Colorado State Museum and the City Museum of Denver. Leaving Denver, Doctor Roberts proceeded to Gallup, N. Mex., and from there to the Zufi Indian Reservation. One week was devoted to an archeological reconnaissance of the Zuni area. As a result of this a small pueblo ruin was chosen as the scene for intensive investigations, and under a permit from the Department of the Interior excavations were started. By July 1 a burial mound containing 40 interments had been investigated and 16 rooms and 2 kivas or ceremonial chambers in the pueblo had been cleared of their accumulated débris. In addition to much valuable information, 150 specimens, including pottery and other artifacts, had been secured. Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, was engaged in routine office work from July 1, 1929, to May 7, 1930, and from the latter date until the close of the fiscal year he was engaged ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 7h in field service in Canada and very briefly in New York State. Mr. Hewitt devoted much careful research among various documents to ascertain, if possible, the symbolic significance of white and purple wampum beads, respectively, and also when these are mixed in definite proportions and arrange- ment on strings or belts; but much reading of documents which might bear on the question was comparatively barren of any satisfactory results. He was led to this study because, in modern time at least, strings of wampum function and have functioned quite prominently in the public transactions of the Council of the League of the Iroquois. Wampum strings are an essential accompaniment in the use of the ritual of the Requickening Address of the Council of Condolence and Installation of the League. Mr. Hewitt also transliterated an Ottawa mythic text from the common missionary alphabet into that of the Powell phonetic system designed for the use of collaborators of the bureau. He also typed in native Mohawk text the chanted ritual, the Eulogy of the Founders of the League, as intoned by the Father Tribal Sisterhood, incorporating therein such revi- sional additions, textual and grammatic, as had been found necessary by extensive field studies. Mr. Hewitt also typed in native Onondaga text this ritual in the form in which it is intoned by the Mother Tribal Sisterhood. These two ver- sions of the eulogy differ chiefly in the introductory para- graphs and also in the terms or forms of address. Mr. Hewitt continued to represent the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, on the United States Geographic Board, and as a member also of its executive committee. On the afternoon of May 7, 1930, Mr. Hewitt left Wash- ington on field duty, returning to the bureau July 1. During this trip he visited the Grand River Reservation of the Six Nations of Indians near Brantford, Canada, the Tuscarora Reservation near Niagara Falls, N. Y., and the Onondaga Reservation near Syracuse, N. Y. Largely through his own knowledge of the several Iroquois languages, he was able to 8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY recover the hitherto lost meanings of several passages in the texts relating to the league. These recoveries now make the entire structure of the League of the Iroquois clear and consistent. During the fiscal year Dr. Francis LaFlesche, ethnologist, read the proof of his paper, The Osage Tribe: Rite of the Wa-xo-be, which will be published in the Forty-fifth Annual Report of the Bureau. At the time of Doctor LaFlesche’s retirement, December 26, 1929, he had nearly completed an Osage dictionary upon which he had been working for several years. SPECIAL RESEARCHES The music of 10 tribes of Indians has been studied during the past year by Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the bureau, in continuance of her research on this subject. These tribes are the Acoma, Menominee, Winnebago, Yuma, Cocopa, Mohave, Yaqui, Makah, Clayoquot, and Quileute. The first tribe given consideration was the Acoma, the work consisting in a completion of the study of records made in Washington by Philip Sanche. These records were made for the Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Thir- teen were transcribed as representative of the series. An outstanding peculiarity of these songs is a gradual raising or lowering of the pitch during a performance. In some instances the pitch was changed a semitone, in others a tone and a half, and one example contained a rise of a whole tone during one minute of singing. This was regarded as a mannerism and the song was transcribed on the pitch main- tained for the longest time. The work on Yuman and Yaqui music consisted in the retyping of almost all the text on these tribes, made necessary by the combining of individual manuscripts into a book. The analysis of each song was scrutinized and several songs previously classed as “irregular in tonality’’ were otherwise classified. The preparation for publication of a book on Menominee music has been practically completed. The manuscript contains 460 pages, with transcriptions of 140 songs, and a large number of illustrations. The material collected at Neah Bay, Wash., and submitted in the form of ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 9 13 manuscripts during previous years, has been unified under chapter headings and retyped for publication. Interesting features of these songs are the prominence of the tetrachord and the large number of songs with a compass of three or four tones. In July and August, 1929, a field trip was made to the Menominee and Winnebago in Wisconsin, the former tribe receiving the more consideration. This was the third visit to the Menominee and work was done at Keshena, Neopit, and Zoar. In June, 1930, another trip was made to the Winnebago in Wisconsin, this being the fourth visit to that tribe. Songs were recorded in the vicinity of Tomah and also near Wisconsin Rapids. One of the singers at the former locality was Paul Decora, whose home is in Nebraska. Fourteen songs were recorded by this singer and found to contain the same changes of pitch which marked the perform- ance of the Acoma singer. In some songs the pitch was steadily maintained, while in others it was gradually raised or lowered a semitone during the first rendition, the remainder of the performance being on the new pitch. John Smoke is an industrious Winnebago farmer, who retains a “water-spirit bundle” inherited from his ancestors and uses it in a ceremonial manner. He allowed Miss Dens- more to see this bundle, explained its use and benefits, and recorded two of its songs which are sung when its contents are exposed to view. A Winnebago flute player known as Frisk Cloud recorded three melodies on a flute made of metal pipe, and said ‘the love songs are words put to flute melodies.” He is also a maker of flutes and described the measurements of an instrument in terms of hand and finger widths and hand spreads. Miss Densmore purchased the instrument on which the melodies had been played. Winnebago songs and another flute performance were recorded by George Monegar, a blind man living near Wisconsin Rapids, who is considered one of the best author- ities on old customs. He also related the legend of the origin of the flute. 6066°— 32 2 10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Songs of 10 classes were recorded on this trip, with old and modern examples of one class. The recorded songs comprise those of the water-spirit bundle, hand game, and moccasin game, love songs, war songs, and a lullaby, and songs of the Green Corn, Friendship, Fortynine, and Squaw dances. At the suggestion of Senator Carl Hayden, Mr. Neil M. Judd, curator of archeology in the United States National Museum, made a brief reconnaissance in September, 1929, for the purpose of ascertaining the most practicable method of surveying, at this late date, the prehistoric canal systems of the Gila and Salt River Valleys, Ariz. Most of the ancient canals had been obliterated through agricultural practices; others were threatened with early destruction under the program of the Coolidge Dam project. Following his pre- liminary investigation, he recommended an aerial survey as the only feasible means whereby the former aboriginal canal systems could be located and mapped for permanent record. Since haste was a prime factor, in view of the extensive grading operations within the Pima Indian Reservation, the War Department generously came to the aid of the Smith- sonian Institution by providing an observation plane and personnel. Mr. Judd left Washington January 12, 1930, and proceeded to Phoenix, Ariz., by way of Tucson and Sacaton. Unfavorable flying conditions served to delay inauguration of the survey. Ground haze in the early morning and smoke in the afternoon obscured the ground except for a 2-hour period at midday. Lieut. Edwin Bob- zien, pilot, and Sergt. R. A. Stockwell, photographer, both from Crissy Field, the Presidio, San Francisco, pursued their assigned tasks as rapidly as possible. They made approxi- mately 700 exposures, of which half were vertical photo- graphs taken from an altitude of 10,000 feet. These have since been assembled into mosaic maps. As was anticipated, the aerial survey disclosed numerous prehistoric canals not visible from the ground. With the mosaic maps in hand these ancient canals must now be examined individually and their locations identified with reference to near-by section lines. This task properly should be done during the late autumn or winter months and within the next few years. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 11 Without the personal interest of Senator Hayden and the cooperation of the War Department, the Smithsonian In- stitution would have found it impossible to undertake the aerial survey above mentioned. In late November, 1929, and again in early May, 1930, Mr. Judd made brief visits to Charlottesville, Va., there to advise with Mr. D. I. Bushnell, jr., in those investigations of near-by Indian village sites which he is pursuing in behalf of the bureau. EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS The editing of the publications of the bureau was con- tinued through the year by Mr. Stanley Searles, editor, assisted by Mrs. Frances 8. Nichols, editorial assistant. The status of the publications is presented in the following summary: PUBLICATIONS ISSUED Bulletin 88. Myths and Tales of the Southeastern Indians (Swan- ton). x+275 pp. Bulletin 90. Papago Music (Densmore). xx+229 pp. 19 pls. 4 figs. Bulletin 91. Additional Studies of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians (Roth). xviit+110 pp. 34 pls. 90 figs. Bulletin 93. Pawnee Music (Densmore). xviii+ 129 pp. 8 pls. Bulletin 95. Contributions to Fox Ethnology—II (Michelson). vlu+183 pp. 1 fig. List of Publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 50 pp. PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS Forty-fifth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus (Teit, edited by Boas); Tattooing and Face and Body Painting of the Thompson Indians, British Columbia (Teit, edited by Boas); The Ethnobotany of the Thomp- son Indians of British Columbia (Steedman); The Osage Tribe: Rite of the Wa-xo-be (La Flesche). Forty-sixth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: Anthropological Survey in Alaska (Hrdlicka); Report to the Hon. Isaac S. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, on the Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri (Denig, edited by Hewitt). Bulletin 94. Tobacco among the Karuk Indians of California (Har- rington). Bulletin 96. Early Pueblo Ruins in the Piedra District, Southwestern Colorado (Roberts). 12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS The distribution of the publications of the bureau has been continued under the charge of Miss Helen Munroe, assisted by Miss Emma B. Powers. Publications distributed were as follows: Report volumes-andiseparates25_- 72_32--2 25 22 ee 3, 938 Bulle tinsvamddsep sire: es = se ey ene () OD, Contributions to North American Ethnology_____________- 40 Marscellancousipublications== 295 == ss sees sa ee 648 AR ortall ae ass Se et aye Spa ieee es Be 2 eee AP Soph RE ESS 24, 868 As compared with the fiscal year ended June 30, 1929, there was an increase of 4,756 publications distributed, due in part to the large number of separates from the Handbook of American Indians sent to Camp Fire Girls. After revision, the mailing list now stands at 1,627. ILLUSTRATIONS Following is a summary of work accomplished in the illus- tration branch of the bureau under the supervision of Mr. DeLancey Gill, illustrator: Photographs retouched, lettered, and otherwise made ready fOTVeN era yan Gel Ost ac MS Se oe Vas eee See 1, 638 Drawings prepared, including maps, charts, ete____________ 32 nensiversesprooisicritlelzed same = ys ee ee 742 Printed editions of colored plates examined at Goy ernment JPrabatnraves (Oyanes). 28 oe 31, 500 Correspondence attended to (letters). ____________________ 210 Photographs selected and catalogued for pune publishers__ 314 Photo-laboratory work by Dr. A. J. Olmsted, National Mu- seum, in cooperation with the Bureau of American Eth- nology: IN OO AIGL VCS at toe ep Ri oy rel nd Se ae Ses 84 Na 01 fc) aa ee