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: - ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE CURATOR

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE,

PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE,

FOR

1894-95.

, CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.:
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON.
ee 1895.

;

e
2
7
Re
+
shia
P

ANNUAL REPORT:

THE CURATOR

- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE,
PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE,

1894-95.

CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.:
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON.
1895.

O

FACULTY OF THE MUSEUM.

Faculty,
CHARLES W. ELIOT, President.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Curator. GEORGE L. GOODALE.
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY, Secretary. HENRY OP. WALCOTT.

Officers.
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ .. . . . Director and Curator.
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY... . . . Sturgis-Hooper Professor of Geology.
NATHANIEL 8. SHALER. . . . . Professor of Geology.
E.G. MARK 3! i. . . + Hersey Professor of Anatomy.
WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS. . . + Professor of Physical Geography.
J. ELIOT WOLFF. ... .. . . Professor of Petrography and Mineralogy.
H. L. SMYTH. . 2s. ©) 8 2 Nene) 6) eee Serayessor ay a neg.

APPOINTED BY THE FACULTY OF THE MUSEUM.

WALTER FAXON. ..... . .. Assistant in Charge.

D..D. SLADE . es 2 pe) sistant am Osialogy,

SAMUEL GARMAN... .. . . Assistant in Herpetology and Ichthyology.
WILLIAM BREWSTER... . . . Assistant in Ornithology and Mammalogy.
ALPHEUS HYATT .... . .. . Assistant in Paleontology.

SAMUEL HENSHAW ... . . . Assistant in Entomology.

W. McM. WOODWORTH . . . . . Assistant in Charge of Vermes.
ALFRED G. MAYER... . . . Assistant in Charge of Radiates.

C. R. EASTMAN ©. 2. 00. 2 o29. 0. “Assistant ans Vertebraic Paleontology.
MISS: FM. SLACK (f 3 0 2, 2s Vara,

MAGNUS WESTERGREN)... . Ariist.

APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS.

ROBERT TRACY JACKSON. . . Instructor in Paleontology.

J. B. WOODWORTH. 2) 62a '-9,. Dol ob § Lsiraetor mm iGeology.

G. H. PARKER... so. fap nia (es Sanstmatorr Aavleny:

W. McM. WOODWORTH .. . . . Instructor in Microscopic Anatomy.

C. B. DAVENPORT . 3.030. 2) 2s. “Wnstractor-im Zosloan,

HENRY R. LINVILLE. .. . . . Assistant in the Zodlogical Laboratories.
H. S. JENNINGS ...... . . . Assistant in the Zodlogical Laboratories.
JOHN T. HAMAKER... .. . Assistant in the Zoblogical Laboratories.
By Ve NAT eae . . Assistant in the Zodlogical Laboratories.

\ ROBERT DeCOURCEY ‘WARD . .« Instructor in Meteorology.

LEON 8. GRISWOLD... . .. . Assistant in Physical Geography.

R. A. DALY 2.6 (wtp Sve Dane a sh ier a Geos

oC. L. WHITTLE. ..... . . . Assistant in the Petrographical Laboratory.
F.C. SCHRADER... .. . . . Assistant in the Geological Laboratory.

REPORT.

To THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE: —

During the past year the usual courses of instruction have been
given at the Museum in the Natural History Laboratories. Those
in Zoology were given by Professor Mark, Dr. Slade, Dr. Daven-
port, and Dr. Parker, assisted in the Laboratory work by Messrs.
H. V. Neal, H. S. Jennings, W. B. Cannon, and 8. K. Fenollosa.
Dr. W. McM. Woodworth has, as in previous years, taken charge
of the Laboratory work, and has given some lectures in the course
on Microscopical Anatomy.

Professors Whitney, Shaler, Davis, and Wolff gave courses of
instruction in Geology, Paleontology, Physical Geography, Mete-
orology, and Petrography. ‘The Assistants in these departments
were Messrs. Robert T. Jackson, J. B. Woodworth, R. E. Dodge,
L. S. Griswold, R. DeC. Ward, and C. L. Whittle. The courses
in Mining Geology and allied subjects were given by Mr. H. L.
Smyth. The valuable Library of Professor Pumpelly, which he
deposited in the Library of the Mineralogical Section, has been
accessible to the students of the Geological Department.

For the details of these courses of instruction, as well as of the
summer courses in Geology, I would refer to the accompanying
special reports of the Professors and Instructors.

The Newport Marine Laboratory has, as usual, been open to
advanced students in Zodlogy. Thirteen students spent a part of
their time in the Laboratory collecting material for their special
investigations, which they will continue and prepare for publica-
tion at the Museum. It is unfortunate that there is not in con-
stant attendance at the Laboratory some one thoroughly familiar
with the marine fauna of, our coast, who could devote more time
to the interests of the students than J am able to give.

4 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Dr. W. McM. Woodworth continued his photographic experi-
ments with great success during the past summer. Our apparatus
has been modified and greatly improved. A great part of the
time was occupied in taking photographs of some of the larger
pelagic animals.

We have to thank the late Colonel Marshall McDonald, United
States Fish Commissioner, for the facilities granted to our stu-
dents in connection with their work at the Fish Commission Sta-
tion at Wood’s Hole.

The income of the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship was used
according to the terms of the gift.

The Faculty of the Museum nominated as occupants of the
Naples Table for parts of the year 1894-95 Professor W. H.
Ritter, of the University of California, Professor Reighard, of the
University of Michigan, and Professor C. E. Nutting, of the State
University of Iowa.

It may be useful to lay before the Corporation my observations
on some of the Marine Biological Laboratories, as they may assist
in shaping the course of the University, when the time comes,
either in favor of establishing a station entirely under the control
of Harvard University, or in connection with the United States
Fish Commission, or in favor of uniting with other Universities
in maintaining a station on the principles which control the Clas-
sical Schools at Athens and Rome.

During the past winter I visited the zodlogical stations at
Naples, Trieste, Ville Franche, Marseilles, Banyuls sur Mer, and
Plymouth. With the exception of the stations at Naples and at
Plymouth, they are connected with educational institutions, hold-
ing to them much the same relations which a chemical, physical,
or other laboratory holds. These stations are either managed by a
member of the natural history staff, or under the control of a Pro-
fessor from the institution with which they are connected. The
investigations carried on at these stations are usually published in
. the serials issued by the natural history departments of their re-
spective universities. The teaching staff avail themselves of the
facilities offered by the stations to obtain fresh material throughout
the year for the use of students during term time.

The organization at Plymouth is different. It depends for its
support upon a large number of persons who are interested in the
promotion of marine investigations. It is in charge of a Director,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 5

and is managed by a Board of Trustees. The station publishes a
Bulletin giving an account of the work accomplished there.

The organization at Naples is still different. Dr. Dohrn, the en-
thusiastic founder and Director of the Station, receives the support
of a number of European governments, who pay an annual subsidy
for the use of tables at the rate of £100 a year; and in addition
he receives a grant from the German government. This enables
him to keep a permanent staff oi skilled assistants, who carry on
a zoological observatory. Their investigations are published in
Monographs and Bulletins, the cost of which is defrayed in part
from their sale, in part from the fees and subsidies paid for the
occupation of the thirty-five tables available at Naples, and in part
by the Director. The special work of the occupants of the tables
is also frequently published at the cost of the station.

A fine aquarium is maintained at Naples, to which a small
entrance fee is charged. At Marseilles, Plymouth, and Banyuls
smaller aquaria are also open to the public. At Banyuls and at
Naples small steam vessels are owned by the stations, and are em-
ployed in collecting material and in making dredging expeditions
at moderate depths. At the other stations steamers and boats are
hired when needed.

It is evident that the status of these two types of stations is
very different. In the one, the work of the University Biological
Laboratories may be said to continue under the same influences as
at-the University. In the other, governments and universities
combine to support and foster more extended investigations in
natural history than a single institution can be expected to
maintain. How far it is the province of a university to assist in
carrying on, outside of its own gates, the investigations of others
than its students, is a financial question which need not be dis-
cussed. While it is eminently proper for governments to promote
the interests of such a station as Naples, it remains to be seen
how long it will be possible to interest various universities in any
institution in the management of which they have no influence.

The stations at Banyuls and at Roscoff owe their origin and
principal support to Professor H. de Lacaze-Duthiers. The stations
receive but a small subvention from the Sorbonne, the equipment
and the greater part of the running expenses being provided by
Professor Lacaze-Duthiers and his friends. Instruction is carried
on at both his Marine Laboratories as it would be at the Sorbonne,

6 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

and he is assisted during a great part of the year by a large staff
of temporary Professors from every part of France. The results
of the investigations carried on under his supervision are pub-
lished in the “ Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale,” also founded
by Lacaze-Duthiers.

There is only a nominal fee to be paid for admission to these
Laboratories, which attract students from all parts of the world.
Similarly at Trieste, Ville Franche, and Marseilles, students are
practically admitted free of cost from Austrian, Russian, and French
Universities. Foreigners can readily gain admittance to these
Laboratories on the most liberal terms. The Marseilles Station at
Endoume has the immense advantage of being within a short dis-
tance of the University, and is in fact one of its biological labora-
tories. The work done at Trieste is published, under the auspices
of Professor Claus, in the “ Arbeiten aus dem zoologischen Institute
der Univ. Wien,” and a special appropriation is made by the city
of Marseilles for the publication of the Annals of the Laboratory.

The cost of maintaining three or four students at the Naples
Station is a serious expenditure for any university, and out of pro-
portion to the expenses incurred for them in other departments,
that cost being represented by many things in which a distant
educational institution can only have an indirect interest. The
cost of a table at Plymouth and in this country at Wood’s Hole is
very much less than at Naples.

In as far as Harvard University is concerned the annual expendi-
tures of the Newport Marine Laboratory, including those of the
steam launch and the transportation of the students to and from
Newport, if distributed among the tables in use by the students,
by myself and assistants, amount to somewhat less than the
expense for the same number of tables at tle Wood’s Hole Marine
Biological Laboratory for similar facilities. The results of the
work done at the Newport Marine Laboratory have thus far been
published in the Bulletins of the Museum.

It is true that the expense of an independent station for each
prominent University would in this country be very large, and that
an American Marine Biological Laboratory supported by the joint
contributions of the principal Universities would be in the line of
economy. But as.soon as a single institution of that sort in-
creased in size and attempted to grant facilities for more or less
elementary instruction as well as for advanced work, it would

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. il

become a cumbrous machine difficult of management. Duplication
in all directions would soon become necessary, and the advantages
of a compact and easily controlled laboratory would be lost.

Were it possible for each University to use its resources in
connection with the facilities for advanced work available at the
Laboratory of the Fish Commission at Wood’s Hole, a maximum
amount of original work might be expected. For no University
laboratory can hope to obtain the facilities accruing from the
maintenance of the fleet of small boats, steamers, and personnel
which forms a necessary part of the equipment of the Fish Com-
mission Station. Such an alliance, however, can only be formed
provided an equitable agreement, and one satisfactory to the Fish
Commission, could be made. This would enable the Universities
to foster original work only, and not to expend, as they do now,
their resources or the time of their instructors in elementary work.

The mere collecting of material for ordinary investigation at a
marine station is not expensive, but it is expensive to carry on the
continuous observations of eminent specialists, and subsequently
to publish their investigations. Such observations could well
be carried on in connection with the work of a Government Fish
Commission, and are not only germane to its investigations, but
all-important to their success. Still more expensive is it to settle
the many problems in thalassography which have arisen in conse-
quence of the more recent deep-sea explorations, — problems which
require for their solution the use of steamers thoroughly equipped
for their task. This can be most successfully accomplished either
by special explorations, or more naturally in the course of time in
connection with the problems of a Fish Commission.

The number of visitors to the Museum Exhibition Rooms con-
tinues to increase, the attendance on Sundays specially having
become most gratifying. This marked increase is no doubt
owing in part to the opening of the Botanical and Mineralogical
Museums, and in part to the fact that the Museum is open daily
nearly the whole day, and not merely at specified times during the
week. It would greatly add to the usefulness of the collection to
the public, were the Museum able to appoint guides who would at
certain times pass through the exhibition rooms and explain the
‘more interesting features of the collection to a limited number of
visitors. ‘This is accomplished to a certain extent for school chil-
dren who visit the Museum with their teachers.

8 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

We are greatly indebted to Professor Hyatt for the care he has
given to the collection of Invertebrate Fossils under his charge ;
he has spent considerable time in picking out additional Cephalo-
pods, which have been placed on exhibition with the Systematic
Collection of Mollusks. Mr. R. T. Jackson has also taken great
interest in this collection, and we owe to him the acquisition of
many interesting fossils filling gaps in our stores, as well as thanks
for the time he has spent in arranging certain parts of the collec-
tion of Fossil Invertebrates.

Mr. Brewster has, as in former years, kindly supervised the care
of the collection of Birds and Mammals.

To Mr. Faxon has fallen the general supervision of the Museum
collections, and much of the routine work of the establishment.
During the past year he has been mainly engaged in the revision
of the collection of Mollusks, and in the printing of his Monograph
on the Crustacea of the ‘* Albatross”’ Expedition of 1891.

Mr. Garman reports that the alcoholic collections of Reptiles
and Fishes are in unusually good condition, and the same is the
case with the alcoholic collections of Invertebrates.

Mr. Henshaw also states that the Entomological Collections are
in excellent condition, and that their use and that of the Entomo-
logical Library is constantly increasing.

Since last January, Dr. C. R. Hastman has been placed in charge
of our collection of Fossil Vertebrates. Since the death of Dr.
G. A. Maack, in 1871, it had received no attention. The immense
accessions made since that time by purchase or by expeditions
were merely unpacked and laid away in trays, often in the original
wrappers. With the exception of the examination of some of the
mammalian remains by Professors Scott and Osborne, nothing of
value had been done. Dr. Eastman has now made a general revis-
ion of this collection, arranging the material systematically. We
can therefore form some idea of what our desiderata are to make
the collection, what it should be, a representative one both faunally
and systematically. A great mass of valuable material will soon
be available for exhibition, and we hope to lay aside for the Fossil
Faunal Rooms such types as properly belong on exhibition. To
give an idea of our Fossil Vertebrate collection, Dr. Eastman
has prepared a chronological list of the collections which have at
various times become the property of the Museum.

Dr. W. McM. Wordworth, who has had charge of the collection

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 9

of Worms during the greater part of the past year, has prepared a
number of exquisitely mounted specimens, which have been placed
in the Exhibition Rooms. He has devoted considerable time to
making these preparations, and to obtaining additional material
for the same purpose.

All attempts at placing any collections either in the Geographi-
cal or Geological Exhibition Rooms have been given up. One of
the rooms is now occupied by the Ornithological Department, and
in the other, which leads to the Botanical Exhibition Rooms, we
expect to place such collections as will interest both the zoologist -
and botanist.

It is hoped that the Geological and Geographical Exhibition
Rooms will eventually be arranged in the southwest corner-piece,
which is to adjoin the Mineralogical Collections, whenever the
time comes, as it soon must, when the Geological and Geograph-
ical Departments will find their quarters in that section of the
University Museum.

Mr. W. E. D. Scott succeeded, during the past year, in interest-
ing a number of gentlemen in his plans for placing on exhibition
a selected series of Birds, artistically mounted and isolated, so
that each small case should illustrate some point of interest in
ornithology. The sum of $1,690 has been expended on this ex-
hibit. A list of the gentlemen who have pecuniarily assisted Mr.
Scott is given in Appendix D.

One of the Exhibition Rooms connecting the Zodlogical with
the Botanical Department was assigned to Mr. Scott, and a short
time before Commencement the room was opened to the public.
It contained about fifty cases of exquisitely mounted birds, which
cannot fail greatly to interest the public, and will add immensely
to the value of our ornithological collection. The birds all formed
part of Mr. Scott’s collection of North American Birds, which he
has presented to the Museum. In addition to these, Mr. Scott has
also assigned to the Museum his collection of West Indian Birds.
The whole consists of over 3,000 specimens, 1,500 North American
and 1,600 West Indian Birds, and is an invaluable addition to the
Ornithological Department of the Museum. (See Appendix E.)
It is to be hoped that the exhibition of this unique collection will
interest the friends of ornithology, and lead to some sufficient
provision for the full development of Mr. Scott’s plan. This
embraces a local New England collection, a North American col-

9

10 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

lection, a Western Hemisphere collection, and ultimately a fairly
representative general collection, each of which Mr. Scott hopes
to illustrate, according to the plan pursued in the collection now
on exhibition.

The Library has received either in exchange or by gift and pur-
chase the usual number of accessions. The number of volumes is
now nearly twenty-five thousand.

A list of the publications of the Officers and Instructors of the
Museum, other than those contained in our Memoirs and Bulletins,
will be found accompanying the special reports.

For a complete List of the Publications of the Museum during
the past year | refer to Appendix A. The amount of our pub-
lications has been exceptionally large, owing to the number of
Reports of the ** Albatross”? Expedition of 1891, as well as the
Reports on my expeditions to the Bermudas and Bahamas and
Cuba on the “ Wild Duck,” forming Volume XXVI. of the Bul-
letin (282 pp. and 77 Plates). Connected with the latter we have
published as the last number of Volume XVI. of the Bulletin,
which had remained uncompleted for many years, a Report by
Professor R. T. Hill of the United States Geological Survey on
his exploration of the island of Cuba. We have also issued the
first number of the third volume of the Geological Series, Vol.
XXVIII. No. 1, The principal Reports relating to the “ Alba-
tross”? are the Memoir on the Holothurians by Professor H.
Ludwig of Bonn, containing a number of colored figures of abys-
sal Holothuroidea (183 pp. and 19 Plates), and the Memoir on the
Crustacea by Mr. Faxon, with ten colored Plates of deep-sea types |
(Vol. XVII. pp. 292, 67 Plates and 1 Chart). -In the Bulletin
have appeared the Reports of Dr. Ortman on the Schizopods, of
Dr. Bergh on the Opisthobranchs, of Dr. Giesbrecht on the Cope-
pods, of Dr. Hartlaub on the Comatule, and of Mr. Townsend
on the Birds of Cocos Island and Malpelo, and by Dr. Dall and
Mr. A. G. Mayer on some of the collections made by the ‘* Wild
Duck.”

The Corporation made the Zotlogical Department a grant of
$400 to aid in the publication of some of the contributions from
the Zodlogical Laboratory, which either have appeared in Volume
XXVII. of the Bulletin, or are in the hands of the printer.

The Memoir by Mr. Garman on the Cyprinodonts (180 pp. and
12 Plates), mentioned in the last Report, has also been published. —

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 11

These different publications comprise one volume and eleven
numbers of the Bulletin, and one volume and two numbers of the
Memoirs.

The Plates for Professors Milne-Edwards and Bouvier’s Me-
moir on the Galathoid# have been completed, and, as soon as they
have been revised by the authors their Monograph can be sent to
the printer.

The Plates to accompany Dr. Goés’s memoir on the Forami-
nifera of the “ Albatross” Expedition of 1891 are in his hands for
revision, and the text has been sent to the printer. Dr. Miuller’s.
feport on the Ostracods is in the hands of the binder.

Excellent progress is making with the Monograph of Messrs.
Wachsmuth and Springer on the Crinoidea Camerata of North
America, Over 300 pages have been cast, and 50 Plates have
been printed.

Mr. Garman is making good progress with his memoir on the
Deep-Sea Fishes of the “ Albatross” Expedition of 1891. About 20
Plates have been finished. I have myself prepared the greater
part of my Report on the Echini of the same Expedition. It will
be illustrated by at least 25 Plates, which will be taken in hand by
Mr. Westergren as soon as the Plates for the Fishes are out of his
hands. Dr. Mark reports that he has made fair progress with his
Monograph of the remarkable deep-water Cerianthoid procured by
the “ Albatross.”

I have also received the manuscript of the Report of Dr. Otto
Maas on the Acalephs of the ‘“‘ Albatross” Expedition of 1891,
to be accompanied by 15 Plates which are now in the hands of
Messrs. Werner and Winter.

Professor Goode writes me that the Report on the Deep-Sea
Fishes of the Western Atlantic by himself and Dr. Bean, which
contains the * Blake” collection of Fishes, is in the hands of the
printer,

In connection with my investigations on the Coral Reefs of the
West Indies, and of the ‘‘ Albatross” Expedition of 1891, Pro-
fessor R. T. Hill of the United States Geological Survey has with
the consent of the Director, made an extended exploration of the
Isthmus of Panama, with a view of determining as far as is practi-
cable the period at which the Isthmus of Panama was elevated,
and when the connection which once existed between the Gulf of
Panama and the Caribbean Sea ceased to exist. He was greatly

2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

assisted in this exploration from the interest taken in the subject
by Colonel Rives, the Superintendent of the Panama Railroad, to
whom, as well as to the President of the road, we are greatly in-
debted for various favors connected with his expedition. Pro-
fessor Hill made an extensive collection of rocks and of fossils,
and is now preparing a preliminary report on the results,

During the past winter I spent a couple of weeks along the
Florida Keys on a sea-going tug to re-examine them in the light of
the experience I had gained in the study of the Bahama and Cuban
reefs and of the Bermudas. A preliminary note on the results was
published in the “ American Journal of Science” from a letter
written to the late Professor J. D. Dana. I was fortunate enough
to obtain, thanks to the kind offices of Mr. Peter A. Williams of Key
West, samples taken at every 25 feet of the core of an Artesian
well driven on Key West Island from the surface to a depth of 2,000
feet. These samples have been placed for examination in the hands
of Mr. E. O. Hovey and Mr. George H. Eldridge, of the U. 8. Geo-
logical Survey, and I hope to add to my own report of this last
exploration of the Florida Keys the results obtained by Messrs.
Hovey and Eldridge. The Director of the U. 8. Geological Sur-
vey has kindly consented to have an analysis made of the samples
obtained, and Mr. Eldridge hopes to make a comparison of the
core of the Key West well with those of Lake Worth, St. Augus-
tine, and Tallahassee. It is thought that this examination may
give us accurate results regarding the thickness of the Florida
Reef, and the nature and age of the rocks upon which it rests.

In connection with the various expeditions undertaken by
the Museum, I have to thank Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. 8.
Hydrographer, and Colonel Duffield, the Superintendent of the
U. S. Coast Survey, for assistance and suggestions.

Among the collections received | may mention that of the Deep-
Sea Fishes made by the “ Blake,’’ which had been in the hands of
Professor Goode and Dr. Bean while they were preparing their
Memoir on the Deep-Sea Fish Fauna of the Western Atlantic, now
in press. Dr. Goés has also sent back the Foraminifera of the
‘« Albatross”? Expedition of 1891, and the material from the Carib-
bean Sea belonging to the Coast Survey and to the Fish Commis-
sion, which had been sent him for comparison, has been returned
to the Smithsonian (with a named collection of types) and to the
Coast Survey.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 13

We have received from the Smithsonian a series of types of
Deep-Sea Fishes collected at various times by the “‘ Albatross” ;
a collection of Fresh-water Fishes from Tennessee, Kentucky, and
Texas; also a collection of Sponges from Alaska, collected by Dr.
Dall, and identified by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe of the Canadian
Geological Survey. The National Museum has sent us a set of the
more interesting deep-sea types from the collection of Holothu-
rians returned by Dr. Ludwig.

We have as usual filled a few gaps in our collections by pur-
chases from Prof, H. A. Ward and from Rowland Ward & Co.
A small collection of Pteropods has been obtained from Mr.
Sowerby.

Thanks to the kindness of the authorities of the British
Museum, we have been able to secure a large collection of casts
representing types the originals of which we can hardly hope to
obtain. A part of this collection has been received, and we are
indebted to Dr. H. Woodward for supervising that invoice.

Messrs. Scott and Osborne have returned the Fossil Mammals
which had been lent to them.

The cast of Iguanodon obtained from the Brussels Museum has
been successfully mounted, and forms the centre-piece of the Ju-
rassic Exhibition Room.

From the Oxford Museum we have received in exchange some
casts through Professor Lankester.

From Mr. Alan Owston we have received a few Japanese desid-
erata; from Mr. Russell Johnson of Buffalo some specimens
of Kurypterus; from Dr. Beecher some interesting preparations
of Trilobites; from Mr. Appleton Sturgis a most interesting
Sponge from New Guinea; and from Mr. F. W. Townsend a valua-
ble alcoholic collection of Invertebrates from the Persian Gulf.

As will be seen from the special reports, considerable material
has been sent to different investigators, either for study or in ex-
change, and I may mention the National Museum, the British
Museum, and the Jardin des Plantes as having received from us
collections to fill some of their desiderata.

The alcoholic specimen of Pleurotomaria collected s the
‘‘ Hassler’’ has been sent to Professor EH. Bouvier of the Jardin
des Plantes for investigation.

As usual, the facilities, offered by the Museum Library and its
collections have been available to properly qualified persons under

14 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

suitable restrictions. These often seem petty to the applicants,
but are the results of our experience as necessary for the safe-
keeping of the books and of the collections.

I beg to call the attention of the Corporation to the precarious
situation of the Museum. We have been most fortunate during the
past twenty years in enlisting the support of Assistants who have
served the Museum for small salaries, or who have given their
services, from the interest they felt in its development, and on
account of the facilities for investigation afforded to them. It is
evident that, however satisfactory this may be to us at present, we
can hardly hope to depend upon this state of things as upon a
permanent organization.

The time will come when the Curator must receive an adequate
compensation, and whenever we are obliged to pay our compar-
atively small staff for their whole time such salaries as are paid
at other institutions for similar work, our salary lists will have
to be greatly increased merely to carry on the organization of the
Museum as it now exists. If the Museum is hereafter to expect
a reduction of income as great as it has suffered during the past
year, a totally different scale of expenditures must be established
if we would keep within the limits of our resources.

For the academic year 1894-95 our income has diminished fully
fifteen per cent, leaving us a sum totally inadequate for so large
an institution. We cannot hope to preserve the collections and
properly care for them with a smaller staff than we at present
employ for that purpose. We can only curtail our expenditures
by limiting our publications and the purchase of books, by with-
drawing all facilities now given for original research, and in fact
by stopping the wheels of everything which has given it its activity
in the past. Such a condition of things is greatly to be deplored ;
for it is very doubtful if the Museum could long retain the services
of skilled Assistants or of a competent Director after its scientific
usefulness was so seriously impaired by want of means.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

CAMBRIDGE, October 1, 1896.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 15

REPORT ON THE, COURSES OF INSTRUCTION IN
GEOLOGY.

Dourine the Academic year 1894-95, the following named courses
of instruction were given in the laboratories and in the field by
the instructors of the Department of Geology.

Instruction in General Geology.

1. (Geol. 4.) A whole course in Elementary Geology ; two lectures
a week by N. S. Shaler, with a third lecture and an hour for special exer-
cises by R. E. Dodge and R. A. Daly, and with required reading and
field-work. Attended by two hundred and twenty-four students.

2. (Geol. 8.) A course in General Critical Geology ; two lectures a
week by J. B. Woodworth, with an additional hour for review. During
the autumn and spring ten half-day excursions were made in the field to
points in the vicinity of the University. Each student prepared a thesis
during the winter months, and a map and report upon some locality in the
neighborhood. Fourteen students took this course.

3. (Geol. 22a.) A course in Field-work and Geological Surveying,
designed to afford special training in original investigation, with work in
the library and in the preparation of geological reports, conducted by
Mr. Griswold, under the direction of N. S. Shaler, W. M. Davis, and
J. E. Wolff. Conferences were held once a week during the year. It
was attended by three students.

4. (Geol. 226.) An advanced course of research for special geological
investigation in the field and laboratory, designed for second-year students
who have already passed in the work of 22a. The work in this course is
under the personal supervision of the different instructors of the Depart-
ment. It was attended by three students.

Instruction in Petrography.

5. (Geol. 12.) A course in Petrography, by J. E. Wolff, assisted
by C. L. Whittle. T'wo lectures a week, with laboratory work, theses,
and field-work. Attended by nine students.

6. (Geol. 23.) A course in Petrographic Research, by J. E. Wolff.
Field and laboratory work. Attended by two students.

16 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Instruction in Mining Geology.

7. (Geol. 10.) A course in Mining Geology, by H. L. Smyth. Lec-
tures, laboratory and field work ; half-course three times a week, begin-
ning the first Monday in December and closing the last Friday in April.
Attended by ten students.

8. (Geol. 11.) A course in Geological Surveying, by H. L. Smyth.
Lectures, laboratory and field work, three times a week, beginning the
first Monday in December and closing the last Friday in April. Attended
by five students.

9. (Geol. 25.) A course in Mineral Veins and Metalliferous Deposits ;
their mode of occurrence, and theories of their origin; by J. D. Whitney.
Lectures once a week, with additional laboratory hours and required read-
ing and theses. Attended by four students.

Instruction in Paleontology.

10. (Geol. 14) A course in Palzxontology, by N. S. Shaler, assisted
in the laboratory by R. T. Jackson and C. R. Eastman. Three lectures
and four hours of laboratory a week, with theses. This course was at-
tended by seven students.

11. (Geol. 15.) A course in Historical Geology, designed to train
advanced students in the use of fossils in determining geological horizons,
by N.S. Shaler, assisted by R. T. Jackson and C. R. Eastman. This
course was taken by four students.

Instruction in Meteorology and Physical Geography.

12. (Geol. 1.) A half-course in Elementary Meteorology, by W. M.
Davis, assisted by R. DeC. Ward. Two or three lectures a week, with
laboratory work and recitations, second half-year. Attended by seventy
students.

13. (Geol. 2.) A half-course in Physical Geography, by W. M. Davis,
assisted by L. S. Griswold. Two or three lectures a week, with laboratory
work and recitations, first half-year. Attended by thirty-four students.

14. (Geol. 20.) A course in advanced Physical Geography, by W. M.
Davis. Conferences held once a week. Attended by six students.

15. (Geol. 21.) A course in advanced Meteorology, by W. M. Davis.
Conferences held once a week. Attended by one student.

16. (Geol. 6.) A half-course in the Physical Geography of the United
States, by W. M. Davis. Lectures, library work, and reports, second half-
year. Attended by eleven students.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 17

Instruction in Special Geology.

17. (Geol. 16.) A course in Glacial Geology, by J. B. Woodworth.
Lectures once a week, with additional hours for conferences, field and
laboratory work. Attended by four students.

18. (Geol. 27.) A course in the Pre-Cambrian Geology of North
America; with especial reference to the stratigraphy and economics of the
rocks in the original Laurentian area, and the region of the Great Lakes,
by H. L. Smyth. Three times a week. Attended by three students.

Summer Courses.

19. (Geol. S. 1.) A course in Elementary Geology, beginning July 5,
and lasting six weeks, under the direction of N. S. Shaler, by R. A. Daly.
Instruction was in the form of lectures, laboratory work, and field excur-
sions. Besides the systematic lectures by Mr. Daly, special subjects were
treated by Professors Whitney, Shaler, Nee ae and Wolff, and Mr. Wood-
worth. Attended by sixteen students.

20. (Geol. S. 2.) An advanced course in field study of the Geology
of the stratified rocks, beginning August 17, and continuing six weeks, at
Utica, N. Y., by A. P. Brigham, Professor of Geology, Colgate Univer-
sity; at Catskill, N. Y., by H. B. Ktimmel, of the New Jersey Geological
Survey; and at Meriden, Conn., by L. S. Griswold. Attended by six
students.

21. (Geol. S. 6.) A course in Physical Geography, beginning July 5,
and lasting five weeks, by W. M. Davis. Lectures, laboratory work, and
excursions. Attended by nine students.

22. (Geol. S. 8.) A course in Meteorology, beginning July 5, and
lasting four weeks, by R. DeC. Ward. Lectures and laboratory work.
Attended by one student.

18 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT OF THE STURGIS-HOOPER PROFESSOR.
OF GEOLOGY.

By Proressor J. D. WuiItNneEy.

Durine the past year (1894-95), in accordance with the plan
indicated in the Sturgis-Hooper Professor’s last Report, a course
of lectures, lasting through the year, was delivered by him. This
course was entirely devoted to the subject of the Economical
Geology of the metalliferous minerals, embracing the mode of
occurrence, origin, and classification of the metals and their
ores, and including statistics of their production throughout the
world, as also a very condensed statement of the historical de-
velopment of this branch of industry. This part of the course
of Economical Geology having been expanded to twice its former
length, it was possible to go much more fully into details than
had ever before been done. As the course is now arranged, a
student should, if properly fitted, be able to acquire during the
two years given to the whole subject of applied geology, which
necessarily embraces a considerable amount of applied chemistry,
as much knowledge as seems necessary for one not making a
specialty of either of these branches. That every geologist
should have some general idea of the nature of mining opera-
tions and of the mode of occurrence of ores seems certainly most
desirable, and that every chemist should have a corresponding
amount of knowledge of the origin and distribution of the raw
materials with which he has to do, as well as of the nature of
metallurgical operations in the large way, seems equally impor-
tant. In point of fact, however, the number of students who de-
sire to take Economical Geology, and who are fitted for this work
by previous elementary preparation, is but small, and seems to be
growing smaller. There appears to be a growing inclination to
neglect the practical side of geology and chemistry, and to take
instead subjects which are purely theoretical, and in regard to
some of which it can be said with truth that they have not yet

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 19

become settled on a sufficiently solid basis of fact to be fit sub-
jects for elementary teaching. :

To get together as complete a library as possible in the depart-
ment of Economical Geology has been, and still is, the aim and
desire of the Sturgis-Hooper Professor, and it can be said with
truth that there are but few important works in this line which
cannot be found in the libraries at the Museum. Only two very
desirable mining periodicals are wanting to complete sets. These
are, the Journal of Mining, published by the Russian Govern-
ment, and the Transactions of the North of England Institute of -
Mining Engineers. Of several of the more important older works
published in England and Germany and devoted to mining geology,
copies have been obtained, at last, after years of search. Miss
H. 8. Clark has continued, during the past year, the arrangement
and cataloguing of this material, and a beginning has been made
of classifying and cataloguing the manuscripts and pamphlets
which have been collected for the purpose of illustrating the
various topics embraced in the lectures on Economical Geology.
Many of these works are rare and important. The value of this
material is not yet thoroughly appreciated, but it will become
so in proportion as:\more thorough work is found desirable in
this department.

The Sturgis-Hooper Professor has given whatever time was
available, after the preparation of his lectures and the superin-
tendence of the work in the library, to the general topics in
geology toward which his thoughts have been turned during the
past years, the most important of which is that of historical cli-
mates, a subject which still remains involved in deep obscurity.

20 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT ON COURSES IN GENERAL GEOLOGY —
AND PALZONTOLOGY. :

By Proressor N. S. SHALER.

DurineG the past year Mr. Shaler has been compelled to devote
a large share of his time to administrative tasks connected with
scientific and academic work outside of the department, in ad-
dition to his duties as Professor of Geology. As Dean of the
Scientific School, Chairman of the Committee on the Summer
School, President of the American Geological Society, and member
of the Massachusetts Highway Commission, he has been called on
to do a considerable amount of executive labor. The result of this
is shown in the small amount of publication which he has made.
In addition to the few papers noted in the list, he has however
brought substantially to completion, with the assistance of Mr.
J. B. Woodworth and Dr. A. F. Foerste, a memoir long in hand
concerning the Narragansett Basin, which is to be published by
the U.S. Geological Survey. He has also sent in to the same
Survey a paper for the Annual Report of 1894-95, concerning
the Road Building Stones of Massachusetts. On this work he
has had the collaboration of Mr. L. W. Page. |

Mr. Dodge reports regarding the course in General Geology sub-
stantially as follows. During the past year, extensive additions
have been made to the laboratory materials for students’ use and
for reference, by gift, by personal collection, and by purchase.
Among the gifts, should be mentioned a number of stalactites,
concretions, and friable sandstone, from Prof. J. A. Merrill, of the
State Normal School, Warrensburg, Mo.; and twenty geological
maps from Dr. C. Willard Hayes, U. 8S. Geological Survey. All
specimens for students’ use have been procured in sets of fifty,
each set being numbered alike. All the collections, old and new,
have been numbered and catalogued, following the system em-
ployed by Dr. Jackson in the palzontological collections. _ While
the teaching collections have thus been placed in good condition,
large table specimens for class illustration are still needed; and

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 21

a small series of fossils especially designed for use in the elemen-
tary course would be useful in avoiding the present practice of
borrowing from the collections primarily intended for the paleon-
tological courses. A clinometer-compass was designed especially
for the use of students in their field-work ; it is now made by
Messrs. Keuffel and Esser of New York. The laboratory and
field work in the elementary course have been somewhat changed
from last year’s plan ; more attention has been given to study of
rock specimens indoors, and to the construction of field maps out-
doors. The Pondville locality of carboniferous rocks in Norfolk -
County has been included in the excursions, of which eleven were
made, the class being divided into small sections for this purpose.

Mr. Dodge gave a course in elementary geology to a class of
sixteen students in Radcliffe College; the plan of the course was
similar to that given to the Harvard College students, and this
year for the first time equivalent laboratory opportunities were
given to the two classes.

During the summers of 1894 and 1895, Mr. Dodge has acted as
assistant to Dr.C, W. Hayes in geological field-work in Tennessee.
At the close of the past year he resigned his position as Instructor
in Geology at Harvard to accept the instructorship in geography
and geology in the Teachers College, New York City.

Dr. R. T. Jackson reports substantially as follows concerning
the courses in Paleontology. The teaching collections have been
increased by various additions, and arranged throughout in a man-
ner that much facilitates their use by students. A moderate num-
ber of palzontological books and papers have been added to the
working library. The Museum library has deposited with these
collections, as a permanent loan, fifty-eight diagrams, including
fifty-six paleontogical diagrams by Zittel; these have now been
mounted on rollers. The following gifts are acknowledged. A
collection of fossils and rock specimens from Dr. T. W. Harris,
including specimens from localities not before represented, and
samples of the unfossiliferous layers of our palzozoic formations.
Some specimens needed to fill gaps have been received from the
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. Mr. B. 8. Oppenheimer gave a
small collection of fossil gums, other than amber, from localities
of economic interest. Prof. A. P. Brigham, of Colgate Univer-
sity, presented a lot of fossils from the Devonian of New York.
Gifts were also received from Prof. A. Hyatt, Dr. C. R. Eastman,

22, ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

and Messrs. R. E. Dodge, J. B. Woodworth, J. H. Sears, and F.
M. Lowe. Purchases of material include sixty species of fossils
from the coal measures of Peoria, Ill., mostly Invertebrates ; a
number of well preserved Trilobites and Brachiopods, showing
spires, hinge structure, muscular impressions, etc.

The most pressing needs of the paleontological collections in
use by the instructors are well preserved fossils showing structu-
ral details, and microscopic sections of fossils exhibiting minute
structure. Additional cases are needed for storage. Several
paleontological reports of State surveys, constantly in demand
in the laboratory, could with advantage be added to the working
library.

Dr. Jackson spent a considerable share of his time working in
the palzontological department of the Museum of Comparative
Zodlogy. During his sickness, in the autumn and early winter, he
was replaced by Dr. C. R. Hastman, who resigned a fellowship at
Yale in order to assist the department at this time of need; for
the remainder of the year Dr. Hastman was occupied on collec-
tions of fossil Vertebrates in the Museum.

During the past year, Mr. J. B. Woodworth was in charge of
the second course in General Geology (Geol. 8) and of the course
in Glacial Geology (Geol. 16). Owing to the destruction of sev-
eral of the most instructive geological exposures in the immediate
vicinity of the University by the advance of quarrying and grad-
ing, it has been necessary to visit more distant points in the ex-
cursions of Course 8. The Carboniferous rocks of the Norfolk
County Basin, at Pondville and Canton Junction, were selected
for new teaching localities. During the April recess, a voluntary
excursion — allowed to count as the equivalent of four spring
half-day excursions — was made to the Cambrian and Carbon-
iferous rocks near Attleborough, Mass.

Course 16, Glacial Geology, was given to four students for the
first time this year. It was devoted mainly to a study and exposi-
tion of the glacial deposits as they exist in this country, with par-
ticular reference to training students in the discrimination and
description of these deposits, and of attendant glacial phenomena
in the field. The University is favorably located for this kind of
investigation, and with the recent advances made in the interpre-
tation of the stratified drift deposits, almost every square mile in
Kastern Massachusetts affords opportunity for instruction. One

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 23

student examined the brick clays about Boston, and confirmed an
earlier unpublished conclusion of the instructor that they are older
than the last glacial deposits, including the drumlins, and that
they are likewise of glacial origin. Work was also done in Rhode
Island in tracing boulder moraines. The results of these investi-
gations will be embodied in forthcoming publications.

A course equivalent to Geology 8 was given to two students of
Radcliffe College.

Mr. Woodworth’s time, when not employed in teaching, has
been given to the completion of a map and report upon the Car- .
boniferous Rocks of the southeastern part of Massachusetts and
Rhode Island, in collaboration with and under the direction of
Professor Shaler, for the U. S. Geological Survey.

The following papers are in preparation as the result of in-
vestigations carried on or brought to a close during the year : —
The Stratigraphic Succession in the Rhode Island Coal Area.

On the Fracture System of Joints in Pelites.

The Glacial Sand-Plains of Narragansett Bay.

The Geology of Block Island.

Geological Field-Work.

During the past year research in general geology has been
carried on in two classes: Geology 22a, comprising students just
entering upon research work in the University, and Geology 22,
including more experienced men. In 22a the work was closely
supervised by Mr. Griswold, and the students individually were
given considerable time in field and laboratory by the instructor.
In the fall, work in the Boston Basin gave valuable results, and
one paper was published, ‘‘ The Southwestern Part of the Boston
Basin,” by Mr. J. L. Tilton, in the Proceedings of the Boston So-
ciety of Natural History. During the spring season a considerable
part of the Nashua Basin was studied, and interesting features
of structure and metamorphism determined. In Geology 226
the men followed work of their own choice with the advice of a
selected instructor. Mr. H. I. Richmond continued the work
of a previous year upon New England shore lines. Mr. C. F.
Marbut pursued work upon the geology of part of Missouri for
publication by the State Geological Survey. Mr. Marbut is now
Instructor in Geology at’ the Missouri State University, and is

24 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

also connected with the Missouri Geological Survey. Mr. Tilton
has returned to his position as Professor of Natural Science in
Simpson College, Indianola, lowa.

A trip made by Mr, Griswold through the West during the past
summer has been fruitful in the way of geographical and geologi-
cal observation. Visits were made to the Arizona plateau, in the
neighborhood of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and the San
Francisco Mountains; to the Pacific slope, with sections across
the Sierra Nevada and the Cascade ranges to the interior basins ;
to the desert regions of Idaho, Utah, and Arizona; and to the
Rocky Mountain plateau in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
During this excursion an address was made to the Teachers’ In-
stitute of Lewis and Clarke County, Montana, on Geology in a
Common School Education.

tEPORT ON COURSES IN THE SUMMER SCHOOL.

THE department has this year somewhat increased its offering of
courses which may be pursued during the summer vacation. The
ageregate attendance on these courses was thirty-two. The greater
part of the instruction was given by officers of the department, all
those in service taking some share in the work. It was, however,
as heretofore, found necessary to call on others for aid in the sec-
ond summer course in Geology. The department is indebted to
Prof. A. P. Brigham of Colgate University, and to Dr. H. B. Kum-
mel of the New Jersey Geological Survey, for instruction at Utica
and Catskill respectively.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 25

REPORTS OF SUB-COMMITTEES.

THE more formal departmental business has been carried on in
meetings that have been held on the evening of the second Tues-
day of each month, after the close of the geological conference.
The subjects thus discussed have been plans of courses for the
coming academic year, recommendations of applicants for graduate
scholarships and fellowships, and the development of the depart-
mental resources. Special consideration by sub-committees has
been given to several subjects. The field-work introduced in the
various courses has been carefully revised by Professor Shaler and
the instructors engaged in this branch of teaching, with the object
of securing for those students who give a large share of attention
to geology a systematic acquaintance with the features of our
neighborhood. A general revision has been made by Messrs.
Dodge, Jackson, and Woodworth of all the geological maps in
the various libraries and laboratories, in the hope of completing
a central collection: all the maps of this kind belonging to the
department have been arranged and catalogued, and a rough list
has been made of similar maps in the College Library. It is hoped
that a special appropriation may be made by the University Library
Council for the purchase of foreign geological maps during the
coming year, thus continuing the systematic growth of our collec-
tions in the manner already so successfully applied in the collec-
tion of foreign large-scale topographical maps. Mr, A. L. Rotch
of the Blue Hill Observatory has kindly acted with Mr. Ward in
looking over all our meteorological materials, in order to concen-
trate climatological works in the library of the Harvard College
Observatory, where a large collection of such material already
exists ; the College Library is thus relieved of a certain responsi-
bility, and enabled to extend its collection of general meteorological
publications.

The report of the sub-committee on the Gardner Collection of
Photographs, Messrs. Woodworth, Griswold, and Dodge, shows a
great improvement in the condition of the collection, and a con-
siderable increase in its size. All the photographs are now
arranged in geographical order in large folios; a list of accessions
and a systematic card catalogue are maintained. It is now pro-

posed to select those views that are most frequently used in teach-
4

26 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ing, and keep them aside from the general collection, protecting
them by adjustable covers. An exhibition of representative
general views is also contemplated, and a selection of local views
is proposed for exchange with similar collections from other insti-
tutions. Many new lantern slides have been secured; some by
purchase, as the set illustrating the Great Barrier Reef of Australia,
from the negatives of Mr. Kent, some by copying photographs in
the general collections. These slides are continually in use in our
various courses for class illustration. The negatives from which
many slides are made are preserved and catalogued, so that they
can easily be duplicated. The committee is under obligations
to Professor William Libbey, Jr., of Princeton, for prints of his
Hawaiian views and of those he obtained on the Peary Relief Ex-
pedition to Greenland in 1894; to Professor I. C. Russell, of Ann
Arbor, for the set of views in the Malaspina District of Alaska; to
Dr. C. Hart Merriam of the Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, for the privilege of copying his collection of views from
Death Valley, Cal.; to Mr. F. H. Newell, of the United States
Geological Survey, for a similar privilege with certain views illus-
trating irrigation; to Mr. Edward L. Wilson, of New York City,
for the gift of a number of views of Natal and the Azores, as well
as for assistance in procuring views from South Africa and New
Zealand. About six hundred and fifty pictures have in all been
added to the collection during the year.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 27

REPORT ON COURSES IN MINING GEOLOGY.
By Assistant Proressor H. L. Smytu.

THE courses in Mining Geology and allied subjects given by Mr.
Smyth were, by arrangement with the Department of Chemistry,
held in the Mineralogical Lecture Room of the University Museum.
The three courses began early in December, 1894, and ended in
the April recess, 1895; the open season before and after these
dates being reserved by Mr. Smyth for his own field-work and
other studies. During the April recess, a voluntary excursion
was made for the benefit of the students in the course on Mining
Geology to Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in the course of which
the nickel mine at Lancaster Gap, the iron mines at Cornwall,
several blast furnaces at Lebanon, the Bethlehem Iron Works at
South Bethlehem, the zine deposits at Franklin, and the experi-
mental magnetic concentrating plant at Ogden were visited, the
latter by the permission of Mr. Edison.

During the year the scientific library of Professor Raphael
Pumpelly was made accessible to the students in these courses, as
well as to those in the courses in Mineralogy, the Department of
Mineralogy having provided the room in which the library is
temporarily installed in the University Museum. The collection
includes upwards of three thousand bound volumes, besides nu-
merous pamphlets and maps; it is especially strong in economic
geology, metallurgy, and mineralogy.

Numerous additions have been made to the collections of mine
maps and of photographs illustrating the structural relations of
ore bodies. A number of typical specimens of ores were collected.
About one hundred thin sections were added to the series available
for study in the course on Pre-Cambrian Geology.

The most pressing need in these courses is room for the proper
storage and arrangement of geological specimens, so that they can
be conveniently examined by students. During the past year two
rooms in the basement of the University Museum were used for
these purposes ; but in the coming year the rooms will be needed
by the Department of Mineralogy and Petrography. A number of
nstruments are needed inthe course on geological surveying.

28 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT ON COURSES IN PETROGRAPHY.
By Proressor J. E. WourFr.

THE usual courses were given in Elementary Petrography
(Geol. 12) and in Advanced Petrography by Professor Wolff,
assisted by Mr. C. L. Whittle. The former course was attended
by nine students and the latter by three.

Original work was carried on by Mr. R. A. Daly in the prepa-
ration of a Monograph on Ascutney Mountain, Vermont, and in
completing some work on the Porphyritic Gneiss formation of
New Hampshire. Mr. C. F. Marbut investigated the microscopic
characters of some siliceous limestones and allied rocks.

Field work in the Archazan Highlands of New Jersey in connec-
tion with the United States Geological Survey has been carried on
by Professor Wolff in the summer, and during the winter consider-
able time was devoted to the preparation of a joint Monograph on
the Crazy Mountains, Montana, in collaboration with Mr. Walter
H. Weed.

The subjects of Mineralogy and Petrography, of which the
former has been placed under Chemistry and the latter under
Geology, were in June united to form a new department of in-
struction, named the “‘ Department of Mineralogy and Petrogra-
phy,” and placed in the Division of Natural History. This union
of two closely connected subjects will prove a great advantage
both as regards instruction and investigation and economy of
resources. The two chemical laboratories belonging to each sepa-
rately have thus been united into one in the Mineralogical Section
of the Museum, and an excellent laboratory for mineral and rock
analysis will thus result. In the same way, a joint library has
been formed by uniting the two previously separate partial libra-
ries, and the collections and apparatus will be used to better
advantage. :

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 29

REPORT ON COURSES IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

By Proressor W. M. Davis.

THE courses of instruction in charge of Professor Davis have.
been carried on in much the same manner as in previous years.
In Elementary Physical Geography, Mr. L. 8. Griswold has acted
as Assistant, while in Elementary Meteorology this duty has been
performed by Mr. R. DeC. Ward. A new half-course in the
second half-year on the Physical Geography of the United States
was offered for the first time: it was given by lectures in the
Geographical Laboratory, where maps and photographs could be
conveniently displayed. The chief subjects discussed in the ad-
vanced course in Physical Geography were the features of shore
lines, and their use as criteria of uplift and depression, this being
the subject of the thesis in preparation by Mr. Gulliver ; the physi-
cal features of Missouri, in which Mr. Marbut of the Missouri
Geological Survey introduced a number of original observations ;
the Physical Geography of New York State, by Mr. Kennedy ; the
Alleghany Plateau, by Mr. Abbe; and the Physical Geography of
Utah, by Mr. Tanner. In the advanced course in Meteorology,
Mr. Schoenfeld made what may be called a meteorological section
of Africa from north to south, from which it appears clear that the
southwest monsoon of the northern summer is well developed in
the interior of the continent for a number of degrees north of the
equator.

The chief addition to the collection of laboratory materials has
been a number of grouped sheets of the Topographical Map
of the United States ; these proved to be invaluable in the course
on the Physical Geography of our country. The laboratory has
lately been uncomfortably crowded by the necessity of storing
there a number of maps and models that have been previously
kept in the Geological Exhibition Room, on the floor below. There
is at present no adequate provision for the exhibition of these
excellent geographical illustrations.

30 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

The visit to Europe made by Professor Davis in the summer of
1894 supplied a number of photographs, taken by himself, and since
then reproduced in lantern slides ; those illustrating certain details
in the process of the migration of river divides along the margin of
the Swabian Alp in Wiirtemberg being especially useful. The
same visit served as the basis of two studies on the natural history
of rivers: one on certain rivers in England, mentioned in the list
of publications given below; the other on the Seine, the Meuse,
and the Moselle, shortly to be published in the “ Annales de Gé-
ographie”’ of Paris, and in the “‘ National Geographic Magazine ”’
of Washington. ‘The latter subject served also as the title of a
lecture before the National Geographic Society in February last.

Following a plan laid in the spring of 1894, a course of informal
lectures on “ Meteorology in the Schools” was given by Professor
Davis and Mr. Ward, to an audience of about thirty teachers se-
lected from the Cambridge Grammar Schools. This course was
originated by a committeee of the New England Meteorological
Society, in order to promote instruction in Elementary Meteo-
rology. The course was repeated by Mr. Ward to the teachers of
Hingham, Mass. Good results are believed to have followed these
efforts. A considerable measure of time was given during the
winter by Professor Davis to supervision of the physical element
in Frye’s ** Complete Geography,” lately published by Ginn & Co. ;
the share of attention allowed to Physical Geography being much
greater than is commonly the case in grammar school text-books.

For the first time in several years, Professor Davis took part in
the summer courses of instruction, offering the subject of Physical
Geography. Although the class numbered only nine, two women
and seven men, the spirit of the work was encouraging in the
highest degree. Lectures were given daily in the laboratory, fol-
lowed by various practical exercises on maps, models, books, etc.
Excursions were made to Nantasket, Newtonville, Provincetown,
and the Connecticut and Deerfield valleys, giving good opportu-
. tunity for the study of a variety of geographical forms in the field.
A brief interruption was made during the progress of the course,
in order that the instructor might give three lectures in the State
Summer School at Norwich, Connecticut.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 31

PUBLICATIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE GEOLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT SINCE THE LAST REPORT.

By N.S. Shaler: —

Report of the Work done in the Atlantic Coast Division of the U. S.
Geological Survey for the year ending June 30th, 1893. Fourteenth Annual.
Report of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Part I. pp. 194-197.
Washington, 1893.

Evidences as to Change of Level. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. V. pp.
141-166. January, 1895.

Second Annual Report of the Mass. Highway Commission. Public
Document, No. 54, January, 1895, pp. 68. (With George H. Perkins and
W. E. McClintock. )

Edited Geological Terms in the Standard Dictionary of the English
Language, Vol. II. 1895. (With Prof. W. B. Dwight and J. B.
Woodworth. )

By William M. Davis : —

Note on Croll’s Glacial Theory. Trans. Geol. Soc. of Edinburgh,
1894, Vol. VII. pp. 77-80.

Meteorology in the Schools. School Review, November, 1894, Vol. II.
pp. 529-539.

The Ancient Outlet of Lake Michigan. Pop. Sci. Mo., December,
1894, Vol. XLVI. pp. 217-229.

The Development of Certain English Rivers. Geographical Magazine
(London), February, 1895, Vol. V. pp. 127-146.

The Education of the Topographer. Science, 17 May, 1895, (New
Series,) Vol. I. pp. 546, 547.

Need of Geography in the University. Educational Review, June,
1895, Vol. X. pp. 22-41.

Current Notes in Physiography. Science, 15 February, 1895, and
following numbers.

By J. E. Wolff: —,

Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts. By Raphael Pum-
pelly, J. KE. Wolff, and T. Nelson Dale. Monograph 23 U. S. Geological
Survey, 4to, 206 pp., 23 pl. (Part IL, “ The Geology of Hoosac Moun-
tain,” by J. E. Wolff.)

32 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

By H. L. Smyth: —

The Quartzite Tongue at Republic, Michigan. Journal of Geology,
Nov.—Dec., 1894.

The Republic Trough. Chapter IV. of an article on the Marquette Iron
District, Fifteenth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey. [In
press. |

The Geological Structure of the Western End of the Vermilion Range.
| With J. R. Finlay.] Transactions of the American Institute of Mining
Engineers, Atlanta Meeting, October, 1895. [In press. ] 3

By R. DeC. Ward : —

1. Distribution of Thunderstorms over the Earth’s Surface. Bulletin
of the New England Weather Service, October, 1894.

2. Recent Foreign Studies of Thunderstorms: Russia. Am. Met. Jour.,
February, 1895, Vol. XI. pp. 364-358.

3. Recent Foreign Studies of Thunderstorms: Switzerland. Am. Met.
Jour., April, 1895, Vol. XI. pp. 435-441. ae

4, Edited the American Meteorological Journal. An _ Illustrated
Monthly devoted to Scientific Meteorology and Allied Branches of Study.
Vol. XI. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1894-95.

By L. 8. Griswold : —

Origin of the Arkansas Novaculites. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Feb-
ruary 9; 1899." - pp:

Origin of the Lower Mississippi. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., May 14,
1895. 5 pp. and Map.

By J. B. Woodworth : — :

1. Edited Geological Terms in The Standard Dictionary of the English
Language, Vol. II., 1894. (With Professors Shaler and W. B. Dwight.)

2. The Relation between Baselevelling and Organic Evolution. The
American Geologist, Vol. XIV., 1894, pp. 209-235.

3. Notices of two Papers by John H. Sears. The American Geologist,
Vol. XV., 1895, pp. 264-266.

4. April Recess Excursion. The Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, Vol.
IIL., June, 1895, pp. 538, 539.

By R. T. Jackson and T. A. Jaggar : —
Arrangement and Development of Plates in the Melonitide. Abstract.
Amer. Geol., Vol. XV. No. 4, October, 1895, pp. 239, 240.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. re

REPORT ON THE INSTRUCTION IN ZOOLOGY.

By Proressor BE. L. Marx.

AS in previous years, the number of students from each of the
various classes completing the several courses in Zodlogy is given
in tabular form.

Courses. Grad Sen Jun Soph Fr Spec Sci Total
LOGS Vv 4 8 15 25 37 5 33 127
i ete 3 ve 7 21 4 2 14 58
“ Sat | 3 5 1 0 0 13 23
iA 4 4 3 1 ] (0) 0 5 14
ee 5 3 3 1 1 0 (0) 5 13
or 6 5 4 0 0 0) 0 0 9
i RS 5 2 1 0 (0) 0) 3 Il
<< 20a 8 i 0 0 0 (0) 0 9
PAG 0) 0) 1 0 0 0 0 1
Totals . 33 3l 31 49 Al 7 73 265

During the year 1894-95 there was an increase over the pre-
ceding year in the number of students taking Zodlogy, which was
fairly evenly divided among the different courses.

Zodlogy 1 was conducted by Dr. C. B. Davenport, without ma-
terial changes from the course as given in the previous year. His
Assistants were: Chief Assistant, Mr. H. V. Neal; Sub-Assist-
ants, Messrs. 8. K. Fenollosa, J. M. Prather, and F. H. Pratt.
The limit of accommodations in laboratory work in this course has
been reached, and any further increase in numbers will have to be
met by providing a supplementary room for the excess.

Dr. G. H. Parker had charge of Zoology 2, and his Assistant
was Mr. H. 8. Jennings. The animals studied and the laboratory
methods pursued were substantially as in former years. —

Dr. Parker also conducted Zodlogy 8, as in the year 1893-94.
He was assisted in the laboratory work by Mr. W. B. Cannon.
The only considerable change in the laboratory work was an in-
crease in the time given to special-topic work from four weeks to
six weeks. In connection with this course a paper was prepared
by Dr. Parker and Mr. R. Floyd on the Preservation of Mamma-

34 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

lian Brains by Means of Formol and Alcohol, which will appear
in the “* Anatomischer Anzeiger.”’

The demand for instruction in microscopical technique exceeded
the accommodations of the room devoted to that work, so that it
was with considerable inconvenience that places — some of which
were unsuitable — were provided for most of the applicants for
Zovlogy 4. In this course Dr. W. McM. Woodworth, as usual, had
charge of the laboratory work and gave part of the lectures.

Zoology 5 was elected by all the students who took Zodlogy 4,
except in the case of a Graduate student in Botany. Dr. Wood-
worth conducted the laboratory work in this course also. His
duties were considerably greater than in previous years, owing to
the increased size of these two classes.

In Zodlogy 6, by Dr. Davenport, there were four constant at-
tendants upon the lectures, who were not regularly enrolled, and
who undertook no laboratory work. In connection with this course
the following paper, among others, was prepared: On Acclimatiza-
tion of Organisms to Poisonous Chemical Substances. By C, B.
Davenport and H. V. Neal.

It is intended to divide the subject matter of this course in the
future, so that those problems of Morphogenesis which relate to
the development of the individual (Ontogenetic Part) and those
which relate to the evolution of the race (Phylogenetic Part) shall
be treated of in alternate years. This will allow a more thorough
and exhaustive treatment of the whole field, and will be equivalent
to offering to advanced students an additional course.

Zoblogy T consisted in a course of lectures by Dr. Parker, given
in the first half-year, as previously, and covering the same ground.
It is proposed in this course, also, to divide the subject so that in
alternate years the lectures will be different. These will consist
of a general introduction to the study of the nervous system,
followed by a fuller treatment of one or more of its main di-
visions. In the introductory lectures the following topics will be
presented : —

(1) Methods for the study of the nervous system.

(2) General gtructure and functions of the nervous system.

(3) Types of sense organs and the origin of afferent impulses.

(4) Central organs and the transmission and translation of impulses.

(5) Terminal organs of efferent nerves: muscles, luminous organs,
glands, ete.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. By)

The topics for more extended consideration will not be the same
in successive years. The special topic for 1895-96 will be the
Sense Organs.

An account of the work in Zodlogy 20 ¢ is contained in the Re-
port on Osteology, by Dr. Slade.

All the students engaged on special problems (Zodlogy 20 a)
made satisfactory progress in their work, except in the case of one
Scientific School student, who was See by the condition of
his eyes to give up Zodlogy.

The degree of Doctor of Bitlosepite was conferred at the last .
Commencement upon three students in Zodlogy, two of whom now
have college positions. The degree of A. M. was conferred on four
zoological students.

The Zodlogical Club seems to have become a permanent and
valuable adjunct to the department. Its meetings are well attended,
and the interest in them does not diminish.

By a special appropriation from the Corporation of the Uni-
versity, and a generous gift from the Curator of the Museum, it
was possible to publish in the Museum Bulletin a portion of the
Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory that had not been
provided for at the end of last year. The Contributions published
since my last report are, Nos. XLII.—XLIX., as follows : —

XLII. On the Cell Lineage of the Ascidian Egg. A Preliminary
Notice. By W. E. Castle. Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. XXX. pp. 200-216.
2 Pls. October, 1894.

XLII. On the Blastodermic Vesicle of Sus scrofa domesticus. By
A. W. Weysse. Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. XXX. pp. 283-323. 4 Pls.
December, 1894.

XLIV. Spermatogenesis of Caloptenus femur-rubrum. Preliminary
Notice. By E. V. Wilcox. Anatomischer Anzeiger, Bd. X. No. 9,
pp. 303, 304, Dec. 19, 1894.

XLV. On the Introitus Vaginz of certain Muride. By Gerrit S.
Miller, Jr. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXVI. pp. 459-468,
Pl. 5. February, 1895.

XLVI. Studies in Morphogenesis. —III. On the Acclimatization of
Organisms to high Temperatures. By C. B. Davenport and W. E. Castle.
Archiv ftir Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen, Bd. II. Heft 2,
pp. 227-249. July 23, 1895.

XLVII. Spermatogenesis of Caloptenus femur-rubrum and Cicada
tibicen. By E.V. Wilcox. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., Vol. X XVII. No. 1,
pp. 1-32. 5 Pls. May, 1895.

36 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

XLVIII. On the Early Development of Limax. By C. A.
Kofoid. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XX VII. No. 2, pp.35-118. 8 Pls.
August, 1899.

XLIX. On Stichocotyle Nephropis, Cunningham. By W. S. Nicker-
son. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abth. f. Anat. u. Ontogenie, Bd. VIII.
Heft 4, pp. 447-480, Taf. 29-31. July 30, 1895.

Nos. XLIII., XLVII., and XLVIII. were presented as Theses for
the degree of Ph. D. :

Of the Contributions, Nos. L. to LVI. are either in press or ready
for the printer.

The need of a permanent fund for the publication of the Con-
tributions, set forth in my last report, is still urgent.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ah

REPORT ON OSTEOLOGY.

By DanreELt DENISON SLADE.

Durine the past year no progress has been made in additions to
the osteological collections. They remain in essentially the same .
condition as at the last report, owing to the lack of means for the
maintenance and and increase of the valuable material.

The plan proposed two years ago of making the course of Com-
parative Osteology one of research, thereby offering the highest
usefulness of the Museum to those who wished to pursue original
investigations, has been pursued during the academic year. A
few only have availed themselves of the opportunities thus liber-
ally offered, a fact which has satisfactorily proved that there was
little or no interest in the work required. In addition to this sin-
gular apathy manifested by students who must necessarily appre-
ciate and value the, knowledge so essential in their zodlogical
studies, it should be stated that during a prolonged illness in the
winter months, which prevented my attendance in the department,
certain irregularities occurred which has led the Curator of the
Museum to pass more strenuous rules, which must hereafter goy-
ern both assistants and students in all the collections. For those
fitted for the proper pursuit of their work, it is probable that
ample opportunities will still be presented in the Osteological
Department.

A. paper, ‘“ The Significance of the Jugal Arch,” originally in-
tended for publication in the Museum Bulletin, was read before
the American Philosophical Society, March 15, 1895, and pub-
lished in their Proceedings, Vol. XXXIV.

A paper, ‘“‘ Abnormal Attachment of the Atlas to the Base of
the Skull,’ published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal,
July, 1895, has been reprinted.

29

38 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT ON THE MAMMALS AND BIRDS.
By Wixit1am BREWSTER.

TuHE collection of Mammals has received the following addi-
tions during the past year: —

By purchase. A fine Burchell’s Zebra (Hquus burchellit),
mounted by Roland Ward, of London; a Wolf (Canis lupus),
from Siberia, and a Virginia Deer (Cervus virginianus), from
Moosehead Lake, Maine, mounted by J. T. Clark; and skins
of a Bear and Land Otter from Japan, furnished by Alan Owston,
of Yokohama.

By gift. From Mr. F. L. Omstead, Jr., an alcoholic specimen
of a Star-nosed Mole (Condylura cristata), obtained at Biltmore,
North Carolina; from Dr. L. C. Jones, the skin of a Black Squir-
rel (Sciurus niger), said to have been taken at Melrose, Mass.,
October 28, 1894.

Of birds the Museum has received the following : —

By gift. From Mr. Thurlow Washburn, upwards of two hun-
dred skins, chiefly from New Jersey and Colorado; from Mr.
George A. Dorsey, of the Peabody Museum, seven especially fine
and valuable skins from British Guiana; from Mr. D. F. Turnbull,
of the Lawrence Scientific School, skins of a Tanager (Rham-
phocelus), a Manikin (Pipra), and a Jacomar (Galbula) from the
island of Pedernales in the Delta of the Orinoco; from Mr. W.
E. D. Scott, eight skins from Panama, collected by Mr. Matthew
H. Simons, U. S. N.; from Mr. Walter Faxon, a mounted Black
and Yellow Warbler (Dendroica maculosa), fora Revere, Mass. ;
and a mounted Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica cerules-
cens), and a nest of the Solitary Vireo (Vireo solitarius), from
Arlington, Mass.; from Mr. R. T. Jackson, the skin of a young
Cuckoo ( Coccyzus erythropthalmus), from Swampscott, Mass.

By purchase. Thirteen skins representing twelve Aine of
Japanese birds, furnished by Alan Owston. :

Unfortunately Mr. Washburn’s collection proved on examina-
tion to be in such bad condition, owing to the ravages of moths
and other insect pests, that only twenty-six specimens, represent-
ing twenty-two species, could be retained.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 39

Still more unlucky was the fate which befell a collection of
Western birds, chiefly from Colorado and Arizona, which Mr.
George L. Toppan, of Chicago, formally presented to the Mu-
seum last April. This collection contained about one thousand
skins, and included many rare and valuable specimens; but before
it could be packed and forwarded to Cambridge it was wholly
destroyed by the burning of the storage warehouse in which it
had been temporarily placed.

Karly in the present year Mr. Scott obtained funds sufficient to
begin his artistic collection of mounted birds. Indeed, he has .
made much more than a beginning, for he has already placed
on exhibition in one of the Exhibition Rooms no less than fifty-six
cases containing about one hundred and seventy-five specimens.
These are mounted in spirited and original attitudes, for Mr.
Scott disregards the conventions of his art and models his birds
after his own ideas and impressions. Many of his subjects are
very lifelike, and the best are masterpieces. With respect to
what are technically called ‘‘ accessories”’ — that is, the branches,
stumps, rocks, etc., on or among which the birds are placed —
Mr. Scott’s taste is severely simple and hence altogether admi-
rable. It is to be hoped that nothing will occur to prevent him
from carrying out his plans for the further increase and elabora-
tion of this collection, for it can scarcely fail to become one of
the chief popular attractions of the Museum.

The Assistant in this Department has published the following
notes and papers in “ The Auk ”’: —

Notes and Song-flight of the Woodcock (Philohela minor).

Breeding of the Prairie Horned Lark (Otocoris alpestris praticola)
near Pittsfield, Mass.

Notes on the Habits of the Northern Shrike (Lantus borealis).

A remarkable Plumage of the Prairie Hen (7ympanuchus americanus).

Notes on Certain Flycatchers of the Genus Hmpidonazx.

The White Gyrfalcon in New England.

Second Occurrence of Harris’s Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula) in British
Columbia.

A Ground Nest of the Black-throated Green Warbler.

Notes on Birds observed in Trinidad (by William Brewster and Frank
M. Chapman).

A remarkable Flight of Pine Grosbeaks (Pinicola enucleator).

The Assistant has also edited a second edition of Mr. H. D.

Minot’s ** Land Birds and Game Birds of New England,” which
appeared in March, 1895.

40 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT ON THE REPTILES AND FISHES.
By SamuEL GARMAN.

ADDITIONS to the collections in these departments have been re-
ceived from Mr. Phillip Adams, Outram Bangs, Esq., Mr. Ralph
Brandreth (through the favor of Dr. Wm. M. Woodworth), Hon.
K. T. D. Chambers, William Clapp, Esq., Miss Annie EK. Cutler,
Clarence M. Dyer, Esq., Prof. H. Garman, Dr. L. C. Jones, Mr. T.
I. Potts (through the kindness of Prof. F. W. Putnam), Mr. Rob-
ert K. Smith, M. P. Thompson, Esq., Mr. Arthur R. Torrey, the
United States Fishery Commission, and the United States National
Museum. Those received from the National Museum were in
greater part rare forms or types of species secured in the investi-
gations of the United States Fishery Commission Steamer “ Alba-
tross”’; those sent by the Commissioners were mainly fishes from
inland waters collected in explorations of the Southwestern States.
The contributions of Messrs. Bangs and Potts are particularly
interesting on account of the localities represented. By purchase
a number of fine live specimens were obtained, desiderata for the
Exhibition Rooms. Professor Goode and Dr. Bean, having finished
their work on them, have returned the Blake Collections to this
Museum, with the exception of such duplicates as were retained
for the National Museum.

Certain collections belonging to the University of Iowa, gathered
by Professor C. C. Nutting, were received some time ago, to be
subjected to comparative study and publication.

The ichthyological work begun for the Museum last season, with
the drawing and engraving, has been continued to the present date.

The loss from evaporation, leakage, or breakage has been less
than in any previous report.

In addition to unsigned reviews and book notices, the following
papers, exclusive of that on the Cyprinodonts, have been published
in the Memoirs of the Museum since my last report : —

The Suspended Animation of Snakes. Nature, Jan. 17, 1895, p. 274.

Thirst Endurance in some Vertebrates. Nature, Feb. 1, 1898, p. 343.
Lobster Reproduction. Zoologischer Anzeiger, No. 467.

MUSEUM OF GOMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Al

REPORT ON THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

By Samurer HensHaw.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are due Miss C. G. Soule, Messrs. A. L. -
Babcock, Outram Bangs, 8S. A. Beach, H. K. Burrison, C. B.
Davenport, G. A. Dorsey, W. L. W. Field, J. W. Freese, H. Gar-
man, S. Garman, G. L. Goodale, Roland Hayward, G. H. Horn,
G. de N. Hough, J. G. Jack, C. W. Johnson, A. G. Mayer, A. P.
Morse, B. L. Robinson, S. H. Scudder, F. A. Sherriff, Chauncey
Smith, L. Y. Swett, Roland Thaxter, S. Watase, and H. HE. Weed,
for donations to the collection of the Department.

To Messrs. Godman and Salvin we are especially indebted for
another instalment of Central American Coleoptera. ‘The series
received includes the Buprestidz and several families of the Hete-
romera. .

The increased use of both the collections and library, noted last
year, has continued ; as many as seven persons have taken advan-
tage of the facilities of the Department in a single day, and the
average throughout the year is more than two for each day the
collection has been available.

Assistance, either by the loan of material or in other ways, has
been given Messrs. J. H. Chase, J. H. Comstock, OC. H. Fernald,
W. J. Fox, F. L. Harvey, G. de N. Hough, J. G. Jack, C. W. John-
son, A. G. MacGillivray, A. P. Morse, A. 8S. Packard, F. C. Paul-
mier, Theodore Pergande, 8S. H. Scudder, F. A. Sherriff, Roland
Thaxter, and the Biological Department of Wellesley College.

The entire collection is remarkably free from museum pests, a
result due to Miss Parker’s care. When not engaged in inspect-
ing the collection, Miss Parker’s time has been wholly employed
in remounting and labelling specimens of Microcoleoptera.

The routine work has consisted of a revisional arrangement of
(1) the Danaide, Satyride, and Morphide of the Lepidoptera
Rhopalocera; (2) the families of the Pyralidina and of the Ti-

neina of the Lepidoptera Heterocera; (38) the Dixide, Rhyphide,
6

42 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Xylophagide, Coenomyphide, Tabanide, Leptide, Midaide, Ne-
mestrinide, Bombylide, Therevide, Scenopinide, and Cyrtide of
the Diptera; and (4) the Cicindelide, Carabidx, and Coccinellide
of the Leconte collection of Coleoptera.

Numerous additions to the biological collections: of Tepe
and Coleoptera have been incorporated ; some parts of these have
been rearranged.

Long exposure in alcohol has rendered some of the labels al-
most illegible. Prof. C. L. Jackson kindly made some experiments
to restore these; he finds that by gently washing them with yellow
ammonic sulphide the legend, though not permanently restored, is
made plain enough to be copied before it fades.

The selection of the series for the African Faunal Room pro-
gresses but slowly, owing to a lack of material and the difficulty
of its determination.

A series of galls for the botanical section of the University
Museum awaits the receipt of the exhibition boxes.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 43

REPORT ON THE INVERTEBRATA (EXCLUSIVE OF
INSECTS).

By WALTER Faxon.

THERE have been received, through exchange with the United -
States National Museum, a collection of 59 species (119 specimens)
of Crustacea, 17 species (83 specimens) of Sponges, and a dupli-
cate set of the Holothurians secured during the ‘‘ Albatross ” Ex-
pedition of 1891. The Peabody Academy of Science has presented
the Museum with 22 species (45 specimens) of Crustacea, includ-
ing Cymothoids determined by Schiddte and Meinert. To Mr. C.
E. Hoyle the Museum is indebted for a small but choice collection
of land snails from Jamaica and 39 specimens of land crabs ( Ce-
nobita diogenes) brought to Cambridge alive from Jamaica; to
Dr. R. T. Jackson for a small miscellaneous lot of marine Inverte-
brata from Kastport, Me.; to Professor S. E. Meek for 3 species
(16 specimens) of Crayfishes from Arkansas and Texas, including
the rare Cambarus lancifer ; to D. F. Turnbull for a specimen of
Panulirus guttatus from the Barbados; to Professor H. L. Osborn
for specimens of Crayfishes from Fort Snelling, Minn. A small
supplementary collection of Japanese Crustacea has been got by
purchase. The Pycnogonida and Copepoda of the ‘ Albatross”
Hixpedition of 1891 have been returned by Messrs. Schimkéwitsch
and Giesbrecht, to be divided between this Museum and the United
States National Museum. An interesting Sponge from New Guinea
has been presented by Mr. Appleton Sturgis. The Foraminifera
sent to Dr. Goés for examination have been returned by him.
Material has been sent out, as gift or exchange, to the United States
National Museum, the Boston Society of Natural History, the Brit-
ish Museum, and Mr. A. F. Foerste.

A short paper on the Development of Dicranodromia ee been
published by H. Caustier in the Comptes Rendus for 1895, p. 578,
based upon material collected by the “ Blake.” A number of
Memoirs have been issued in the Museum publications (see Ap-
pendix A) based upon the collections of this department connected

44 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

with the explorations of the “ Albatross”? and the ‘“* Wild Duck.”
I have myself completed the Report on the Stalk-eyed Crustacea
of the “ Albatross ’’ Expedition of 1891, which has been issued
as Vol. XVIII. of the Memoirs, 292 pp., 67 Pl. I have also pub-
lished the following ornithological notes in the “ Auk” for 1895
(Vol. XII.) :—

The Philadelphia Vireo in Cambridge, Mass.

The Rough-winged Swallow breeding in North Adams, Berkshire
County, Mass.

Bicknell’s Thrush and the Prairie Horned Lark as Summer Residents
of Berkshire County, Mass.

The work on the Museum collections has been carried on along
the lines indicated in my last annual report.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. AD

REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE
PALZONTOLOGY.

By Cuarwes R. EASTMAN.

THE period embraced by the following report dates from the
ist of January of the present year, when the Assistant was ap-
pointed. Owing to the absence of a special custodian for this
Department, it has only been possible for a number of years past to
store the numerous accessions to the collection in trays, in prac-
tically the same condition in which the material was received, —
sometimes, indeed, without removing it from the original wrap-
pers. It was therefore necessary thoroughly to overhaul, clean,
rearrange, and distribute the contents of each tray in the collection
according to the families and genera represented.. Up to the pres-
ent time a number of the individual collections (such as the Ennis-
killen, Stock, Haeberlein, and Damon collections, etc.) had been
kept intact, one label on the outside of the tray serving to indicate
the source and general nature of the contents. These collections
were left undisturbed until the general arrangement was com-
pleted, when they too were broken up and the material distributed.
In all cases where the specimens were unmarked, care was taken
to provide new labels specifying the locality and name of the
original collection. No time was spent, however, in determining
unidentified specimens beyond families or genera, one label on the
outside of the tray sufficing as before to indicate the name of the
family or genus, and the geological horizon. Neither was any
attempt made to care for broken or oxidized specimens. But
during the coming year it is proposed to go through the whole
collection again, labelling and repairing all specimens in need
of attention. Pains will also be taken to select such materials
as may be deemed suitable to be placed on exhibition. With the
material now on hand, it will be possible to fill up the Mesozoic
Exhibition Room in such, manner as shall make it fully as inter-
esting and instructive to the general public as the much frequented

46 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Tertiary and Quaternary Exhibition Rooms. The faunal series
of the two latter rooms can be still further supplemented by the
mounting of several nearly perfect skeletons.

The size of the collection is considerable, filling nearly 1,500
trays. More detailed lists have been made out in two series for the
use of the Department; one showing the faunal series comprised
by the collection, arranged stratigraphically ; and the other show-
ing the extent to which the smaller zodlogical subdivisions are
represented. No record has been kept of the size of the various
individual collections, but it may be stated that the bulk of the
fossil Reptiles and Mammals are contained in the Garman and
Sternberg collections ; and the fossil Fishes in the same, together
with the Enniskillen, Stock, and Haeberlein collections. The last
two comprise about 60 trays each, or upwards of 3,000 specimens.
Much of the material is of great interest, and wholly undescribed.

The collection as a whole may be considered as a very repre-
sentative one. Parts of it could well be increased, especially in cer-
tain orders of Mammals. Other parts are not only extremely rich
(as, for instance, the Paleozoic Fishes, Cretaceous Reptiles, the
Proboscidea, etc.), but contain a large number of duplicates, by
means of which a profitable exchange may be carried on in the
course of time. The older portions of the collection, and most
particularly the collection of fossil Fishes, have a very great his-
toric interest. The number of type specimens is quite large, and
they are exceedingly valuable. A few of Professor Agassiz’s
types are preserved in the Old Collection, presented to the Mu-
seum in 1859. The Bronn, Boucault, de Koninck, Enniskillen,
Geinitz, and above all the Schultze Collections, contain specimens
of extraordinary interest. A list is appended, for convenience of
reference, which is intended to include the name and date of re-
ception of all the more important individual collections that have
been added to this department since the Museum was founded.
Further information in regard to them is preserved in the records
_of the Department; and scattered notes, together with lists of
minor accessions, may also be found in back numbers of the
Annual Reports of the Museum. References to the more im-
portant of these reports, and to a few additional sources of intfor-
mation, are given in the subjoined index.

According to the Annual Report of 1870 the fossil Vertebrates
then belonging to the Museum were numbered and catalogued by

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. AT

Dr. G. A. Maack, who was the Assistant at the time. Unfortu-
nately this catalogue was not found among the effects left by
Dr. Maack, and only a few sheets are extant. This is the more
to be regretted, since in many cases, where numbers take the
place of separate labels, the catalogue furnishes the only infor-
mation we have as to the locality, collector, and history of the
older specimens in the collection. In conclusion, it may be said
that there are ample materials in the collection to serve as a
basis for a number of interesting publications.

Additions to the Collection made during the Year.

Clidastes tortor Cope. Niobrara; Western Kansas. A small mounted
specimen purchased of the collector, Mr. Charles H. Sternberg. Received
Jan. 10, 1895. Also a fairly complete skeleton of a fossil Peccary, and
a Pteranodon skull.

Pareiosaurus Baini Seeley. Karoo Formation [Trias]; South Africa.
Cast of the original in the British Museum. Purchased.

Compsognathus longipes Wagner. Lithographic slates ; Solenhofen,
Bavaria. Cast of the unique specimen preserved in the Munich Museum.

Casts of Aétosaurus and of Dodo from the Oxford Museum.

Papers published during the Year.

History of Instruction in Geology and Paleontology in German Uni-
versities. Translated from the German of Professor K. A. von Zittel.
[ Amer. Geol., Vol. XIV. pp. 179-185. ]

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattung Oxyrhina, mit besonderer Beriick-
sichtigung von Oxyrhina Mantelli, Agassiz. [Paleeontographica, Bd. X LI.
pp. 141-191.]

Elements of Paleontology. Translated and edited from the German
of Professor K. A. von Zittel. Vol. I., Part I. Protozoa to Mollusca.
(In press.)

References to the principal Published Documents relating to the Depart-
ment of Vertebrate Paleontology.

Annual Reports of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, 1859 to 1895.
In particular, the Reports on the Paleontological Department for the years
1869 to 1874, beginning with the following pages: 1869, p. 44; 1870,
p- 80; 1871, p. 29; 1872, p. 18; 1873, p. 34; 1874, p. 20.

Naturhistorische Museen in Nord-America. Von K. A. von Zittel.
[Beilage zur Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 349, Dec. 16, 1883.]

48 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Preliminary Account of the Fossil Mammals from the White River For-
mation contained in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. By W. B.
Scott and H. F. Osborn. [Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XIII., Sept., 1887. ]

Preliminary Account of the Fossil Mammals from the Loup Fork For-
mation. Part II. Carnivora and Artiodactyla, by W. B. Scott. Perisso-
dactyla, by H. F. Osborn. [Bull. M C. Z., Vol. XX., 1890. ]

Vertebrate Paleontology in some American and Canadian Museums.
By A. Smith Woodward. [Geol. Mag., Dec. III., Vol. VII., 1890.]

List of the Principal Collections of Vertebrate Fossils Belonging to the
Museum.

1852. Old Collection. Purchased by private subscription from Pro-
fessor Agassiz.

1859. Professor Agassiz Collection. Presented. Contains a number
of valuable types.

1859. Boucault Collection. Purchased. Gray Fund.

1859. Bronn Collection. <A rich collection of German Mesozoic Fos-
sils, for the most part determined by Professor Bronn. Purchased.

1859. Duval Collection. Chiefly Fishes and Mammals from the
Mesozoic and Cenozoic of France. Purchased. Gray Fund.

1861. Campiche Collection. Purchased. Gray Fund.

1861. De Koninck Collection. Purchased. ‘The entire collection of
L. G. de Koninck.

1861. Enniskillen Collection. First instalment received by exchange.

1862. Enniskillen Collection. Second instalment purchased.

1862. Imhoff Collection. Contains chiefly Invertebrates. Purchased.

1865. Gastaldi Collection. Exchange. :

1865. Michellotti and Rigacci Collection. Exchange.

1866. Leonard Collection. Fossil Footprints, Connecticut Valley.
Presented.

1868. Haast Collection. Four species of Dinornis from New Zealand.
Exchange.

1869. Shaler and Barnard Collection. Pleistocene Mammals, chiefly
Bison and Mastodon remains, from Big Bone Lick, Ky. Presented.

1870. Professor Agassiz Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Con-
necticut Valley.

1870. Allen Collection. Green River Fishes. Collected by J. A.
Allen. ;

1870. Lesquereux Collection. Mostly fossil plants, but containing
some fish and amphibian remains from the American Coal Measures.
Purchased.

1871. Lartet Collection. Fossil Mammals from France. Presented.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 49

1871. Quimby Collection. A large series of fossil Vertebrates from
the Red Crag of England.

1871. Schultze Collection. An exceedingly valuable collection of
Devonian fossils, chiefly from the Eifel District. Purchased of Dr. L. S.
Schultze.

1871. St. John Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Sub-Carboniferous
of Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri.

1871. Von Cotta Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Harz Mountains
and Bohemia. Presented.

The collections obtained from 1875 to the present time were ~
purchased by Mr. Agassiz.

1875. Boylston Hall Collection. Mastodon remains. Deposited by
Harvard College.

1875. Sladen Collection. A small but interesting series of English
Carboniferous Fishes. Exchange with W. Percy Sladen, Esq.

1878. <A collection of casts purchased from H. A. Ward.

1879. Dyer Collection. A very large collection, but consisting chiefly
of Invertebrates, from the Cincinnati Group. Purchased.

1879. Gebbard Collection. Walcott Collection. Contain mostly In-
vertebrates. Purchased.

1880. Bird Collection. Chiefly Invertebrates, but some Fishes, from
the Cretaceous of Mt. Lebanon. Purchased of Rev. Wm. Bird.

1880. First Garman Collection. Vertebrates from the Bad Lands.
Purchased.

1881. Second Garman Collection. Vertebrates from the Bad Lands.
Purchased.

1881. Day Collection. Mostly Invertebrates from the Niagara Lime-
stone of Wisconsin. Collected by Rev. F. H. Day. Purchased.

1881. First Sternberg Collection. Vertebrates from the Cretaceous
of Western Kansas. Purchased.

1881. Taylor Collection. Mostly Invertebrates from the Silurian of
New York. Purchased of Prof. G. W. Taylor.

1882. Third Garman Collection. Vertebrates from the Western
States. Purchased.

1882. Second Sternberg Collection. Vertebrates from the Permian
of Texas. Purchased.

1882. Damon Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Devonian of Scot-
land, Carboniferous Limestone of Ireland, and Cretaceous of Mt. Lebanon.
Purchased.

1882. Haeberlein Collection. A magnificent collection of Vertebrate
and Invertebrate fossils from the Lithographic Slates of Solenhofen and
Kelheim, Bavaria. First instalment received in 1882; second in March,
1883. Purchased of Ernst Haeberlein, of Pappenheim, Bavaria.

7

50 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

1882. Schary Collection. An unrivalled collection of Paleozoic fos-
sils, almost entirely Invertebrates, from Bohemia. Purchased from the
heirs of J. M. von Schary.

1882. Tracy Collection. Fishes, Reptiles, and Invertebrates from the
Cambridge Greensand. Purchased.

1883. Fearon Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Coal Measures of
East Liverpool, Ohio. Purchased from R. N. Fearon.

1883. Fourth Garman Collection. Jurassic Reptiles and Tertiary
Mammals from the Western States. Purchased. ;

1883. Stock Collection. Fossil Fishes and Amphibians from the
Carboniferous of Scotland; a large and extremely interesting collection.
Purchased of Thomas Stock, Esq., Edinburgh. First instalment received
in November, 1883 ; second, in March, 1884.

1884. Fifth Garman Collection. Fossil Vertebrates from Kansas,
Nebraska, Dakota, and Wyoming, including the secondary collections made
by H. C. Clifford, G. R. Allaman, and L. Hollywood. | Purchased. :

1885. Casts of fossil Vertebrates described by Professor O. C. Marsh.
Purchased.

1885. Terrell Collection. Fossil Fishes from the Huron Shales
[Upper Devonian] of Lorraine County, Ohio. Collected by J. Terrell,
Esq., of Oberlin, O., and described in part by Prof. J. S. Newberry.
Purchased.

1886. Rossignol Collection. A small but valuable collection of fossil
Mammals from the Phosphorites of France. Purchased.

1886. Eyerman Collection. A series of fossil Footprints from the
Trias of New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania. Purchased of J. A.
Kyerman.

1889. Fritsch Collection. A complete set of Stegocephalan casts
from the Gaskohle of Bohemia. Purchased of Professor Anton Fritsch.

1889. Ward Collection. Five mounted skeletons of Mammals from
the Pampas Formation of Argentina, forming the finest exhibit of fossil
Vertebrates in the Museum. Purchased of Prof. H. A. Ward.

1890. Springer Collection. A small but valuable collection of Creta-
ceous fossils from New Mexico. Presented. 5

1894. Cast of Jguanodon Lernissartensis Boulenger. Purchased.

A number of smaller collections, together with some whose date
of instalment is uncertain, are not enumerated in the above list.
Mention should be made of the following, however, which were
received previous to 1869, and were secured by purchase, exchange,
or donation: Carl Meyer, Hichwald, Hoernes, Michelotti, Bellardi,
Appelius, Rigacci, Roualt, Tarbé, Krantz, Geinitz, and Lyell Col-
lections. (See Annual Report for 1869, p. 32.)

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Pal

REPORT ON THE FOSSIL INVERTEBRATES.
By Aurpueus Hyatt.

THE systematic collection of Cephalopoda has been greatly en--
larged. The Assistant has picked out, labelled, and placed on
exhibition a large number of appropriate fossils.. He has also re-
vised the collections of Pectenide and Monotide, describing many
genera and species in preparation for a monograph of these groups.
This work has been finished throughout Paleozoic and Mesozoic
time, inclusive of the Jura.

The department is indebted to Dr. R. T. Jackson for a large
amount of work in labelling and arranging and otherwise improv-
ing the condition of the collections, especially the fossil Corals,
Kehinoderms, and Cephalopods.

Dr. HK. C. Beecher has presented to the Museum one of his
valuable preparations of Trinucleus concentricus, showing the eyes
as recently described by him, and also some beautiful silicious
fossils from the Trenton Limestone etched out in relief with the
aid of acid.

Thanks are due also to Mrs. W. D. Boardman for a fine series
of extremely large and interesting Hippurites from Gosau,
Austria.

Several desirable specimens of Eurypteri have been received
from Mr. Roswell Johnson of Buffalo, and also a number of fine
specimens of carboniferous and cretaceous Crinoids have been
obtained by exchange with Professor Ward of Rochester.

The following papers have been published : —

“ Remarks on the Genus Nanno, Clarke,” by Alpheus Hyatt. American
Geologist, Vol. XVI., July, 1895, pp. 12, 1 Plate. |

“Terminology proposed for Description of the Shell in Pelecypoda,”
by same. Proc. Amer. Assoc., 1895. Abstract in Am. Geol., Vol. XVI.
No. 4, pp. 252-254.

DA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT ON THE LIBRARY.

By Miss F. M. Srack.

Dourine the year ending September 1, 1895, the Library has
received 569 volumes, 1,937 parts, and 132 pamphlets.

VOLUMES. PARTS. PAMPHLETS.

(Ct ee ar re RAN oat LAO er Ch eee 7 13 69 12
Fachaneve (oo: oy jee) So ie pe a ee 771 85
Purchase. <1 * sp) ca gen pans ee 264 ‘0
A ase et ee ee 819 35
Binding Paris's; 28... ae ee 0 0
Whitney-Library § 4. Vsivty a oie 0 14 0

569 1,937 132

The number of volumes now in the Library (exclusive of
pamphlets and the Whitney Library) is 22,171. There are
15,637 pamphlets bound in 2,649 volumes, making the total
number of volumes 24,820.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 53

[A]
PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1894-95.

Of the Bulletin : —
Vol. XVI. (Geological Series, Vol. II.)
No. 15. Notes on the Geotocy of the Island of CupBa, based on a Reconnois-
sance made for ALEXANDER Acassiz. By Rh. T. Hin. pp. 45. 9 plates.

April, 1895.
[ Vol. XVI. is complete. |
Vol. XXV.

No. 8. Reports on the DrepGinG OpEerRations off the West Coast of Central
America to the GALAPAGOS, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ AnpaTross.” XIV. The Pelagic Scuizopopa. By A. OrTMANN. pp.
14. 1 Plate. September, 1894.

No. 9. Cruise of the Steam Yacht “Witp Duck” in the Bawamas, January
to April, 1898, in Charge of ALExanpEeR AGassiz. II. Notes on the
SHELLS collected. By W. H. Datu. pp. 12. 1 Plate. October, 1894.

No. 10. Reports on the DrEDGiNG OrERaTions off the West Coast of Central
America to the GAaLapaGos, ete., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ALBATROSS.” XIII. Die OpistHoBRANCHIEN. Von R. Bercu. pp. 110.
12 Plates. October, 1894.

No. 11. Cruise of the Steam Yacht “Wiip Duck” in the Banamas, January
to April, 1893, in Charge of ALExanprER Agassiz. III. An Account of
some Mrpusa obtained in the Bahamas. By A. G. Mayer. pp. 8.
3 Plates. November, 1894.

No. 12. Reports on the DREDGING OrERaTions off the West Coast of Central
America to the GaLapaGos, etec., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ ArBaTross.” XVI. Die Pelagischen CoperpopEN. Von W. GIESBRECHT.
pp. 22. 4 Plates. April, 1895.

[Vol. XXV. completed.]
Vol. XX VI. (December, 1894—April, 1895. Complete.)

No. 1. A Reconnoissance of the Banamas and of the ELevarep Reers of
CusBa in the Steam Yacht “Wiitp Duck,” January to April, 1893. By
A. Acassiz. pp. 204. 47 Plates. December, 1894.

No. 2. A Visit to the BERmMupas in March, 1894. By A. Agassiz. pp. 78.
30 Plates. April, 1895.

54 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Vol. XX VII.

No. 1. SpermMatToGeNgEsIs of CaLoptEenus femur-rubrum and CrcaDa tibicen.
By E. V. Witcox. pp. 34. 5 Plates. May, 1895.

No. 2. On the Early DeveLopment of Limax. By C. A. Kororp. PP. 86.
8 Plates. August, 1895.

No. 8. Reports on the Drepeine OPERATIONS off the Wrst Coast of Gant
America to the GAavapaGos, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ ALBATROSS.” XVII. Brrps from Cocos and Matrero Isitanps, with
Notes on PETRELS obtained at Sea. By C. H. TownsEenp. pp. 8. 2 col-
ored Plates. July, 1895. |

No. 4. Reports on the Drepeine Oprrations off the Wrst Coast of Central
America to the GALAPAGOS, etc., by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ALBATROSS,” XVIII. Die Comarutipen. Von C. Harryaus. pp. 24.
4 Plates. August, 1895.

[Vol. XX VII. to be continued. |
Vol. XXVIII. (Geological Series, Vol. III.)
No. 1. Fossit Sponees of the Flint Nodules in the Lower Cretaceous of
Texas. By J. A. MERRILL. pp. 26. 1 Plate. July, 1895.
[ Vol. XXVIII. to be continued. |
Of the Memoirs : —
Vol. XVII.

No. 3. Reports on an Exproration off the Wusr Coasts of Mexico, CENTRAL
and Sourn America and off the GaLaraGcos IsLanps, in Charge of ALEx-
ANDER AGassiz, by the U. 8. Fish Commission Steamer “ ALBATROSS,” etc.
XII. The Hotornuuriorea. By H. Lupwia. pp. 183. 19 Plates. October,
1894.

[ Vol. XVII. is completed. |
Vol. XVIII. contains : —

Reports on an ExpLoratTion off the West Coasts of Mexico, Centra and
Soutn America, and off the Gatapagos IsLAnps, in Charge of ALEXAN-
pER AGassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commisson Steamer “ ALBATROSS,” etc.
XV. The Crustacea. By Wattrrer Faxon. pp. 292. 67 Plates, 1 Chart.
April, 1895. ;

Vol. XIX.
No. 1. The Cyprrnoponts. By §.Garman. pp. 180. 12 Plates. July, 1895.
[ Vol. XIX. to be continued.]

Ou

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 5

[B]

Tue Faculty of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy will receive
applications from candidates desiring to occupy the table at the Naples
Zodlogical Station, which has been placed at its disposal from October —
1, 1895.

The applicant must be (or have been recently) a student or instructor at
some American University, preferably a person who has taken the degree
of Ph. D. or S. D.; he must have published some creditable original in-
vestigation, and should be recommended as an able investigator by the
Professor under whom he has studied.

Applicants will please forward to the undersigned their recommenda-
tions, and a statement of their qualifications, and of the subject to which
they hope to devote themselves.

In order that the Faculty may make the most satisfactory disposi-
tion of the table during the whole year, the applicants are requested to
state the length of time they desire to remain at Naples, and also the
earliest and latest dates within which they can avail themselves of the
appointment.

The Faculty will, at suitable intervals, nominate to the Corporation
of Harvard College for approval the incumbent or incumbents for the
year 1895-96. ‘

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ,

Director.

56 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

[C]

INVESTED FUNDS OF THE MUSEUM.

In THE Hanps or THE TREASURER OF HARVARD COoLuEGeE, Sept. 1, 1894.

Sturgis-Hooper Bund . ..00. 30 se mm re ow) py fees sh val ecumrena aC) CDCI
Gray Bund’ 5"... 3 a aig hel, At aa ace maa Re vermin oor 1) UC} Ji
Agassiz Memorial Read 7 Wheat turn. Re ey ey Mn ee em pe eH ia ME
Teachers and Pupils Fund . . . . id COST I ber See aeeaes 7,594.01
Permanent Fund! |...) + )peol ee ee ae a +l beech ul eee eo ce eee
Humbolt Fund .. . a Salt OT ER i es a el deter 7,740.66
Virginia Barret Gibbs Fund Nee ates amr er sae ONE ee arty he a 5,000.00

$585,737.11

The payments on account of the Museum are made by the Bursar of Harvard
College, on vouchers approved by the Curator. The accounts are annually exam-
ined by a committee of the Overseers. ‘The only funds the income of which is
restricted, the Gray and the Humboldt Funds, are annually charged in an analysis
of the accounts with vouchers to the payment of which the income is applicable.

The income of the Gray Fund can be applied to the purchase and maintenance
of collections, but not for salaries.

The income of the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund, of the value of $250,
is assigned annually, with the approval of the Faculty of the Museum, at the recom-
mendation of the Professors of Zoology and of Comparative Anatomy in Harvard
University, “in supporting or assisting to support one or more students who have
shown decided talents in Zoology, and preferably in the direction of Marine
Zoology.”

The income of the Humboldt Fund (about $400) can be applied for the benefit of
one or more students of Natural History, either at the Museum, the Newport
Marine Laboratory, the United States Fish Seats a Station at Wood’s Hole,
or elsewhere.

Applications for the tables reserved for advanced Students at the Newport
Marine Laboratory, and for the tables at the Wood’s Hole Station, should.be made
to the Director of the Museum before the Ist of May. Applicants should state their
qualifications, and indicate the course of study they intend to pursue.

See Appendix B of this Report for the conditions upon which the table at the
Naples Zodlogical Station is assigned.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 57

[D]

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION MOUNTED
BY W. E. D. SCOTT.

OmAmMest2d yan erent us sk pay eLOOr | VW Minot i. hae por ale 5. * LOO
Charles C. Beaman: . . . . - 100 Geot Mixtert eee es he 3 100
NWense I elOwsr a cceme Mat eos ure FOO) te Heo Miliken ints ee eo 3 HOO
Weele Drvanten tue tureies! ue tOO. i richard Morgane. aes. (0 0 4! 2. OL:
Walter G. Chase... . .. . 3800 GeowAciNickersome tes fala M0 50
NVM OLbeSuwure at tee ae eats OO) NAGE CO GISR ete hu ate tte, Seok cealaen se LO
PaOnhcnno ue etter of ams 4a OOo Dr MO Peters, oro at sew tes te bO
Ceo,Ay Goddard’e a o2 oy 2 OU Dudley ln Pickman 2.0%. 100
Joel Goldthwait=. 2%. 4s. 500 Mrs. W.D. Pickman .... . 100
PAC PELSTHEMAWAYs © Wat an een ls erent a Oe Ss DA WiaeReN ts noe itp st te 8 20
Dee ruPOINsGN see aimee ye, Jay ay ly tO. ty ChasaiGy) Wieldin sss etch! fete Sel: OO
ie CGO pete vee ret los a). Me OOM EO: Net WWelGhe algeria isan me mrt So we BO
Ay Aer WaAWEONCClicr tats cd hel eo OO Aten Ge a) (rg Pp een thin ce ep heee O
Samuel C. Lawrence ig Bare tin |) Ds ai) 302) 0 aaa a Ne lice eile ams Pat adeam eg (0)
Aucustus Lowell. . 2... . = . 100 AORTIC pa tia Pa eed hoy Beant 2, Sones

LE]

For and in consideration of one dollar to me in hand paid, and other
good and valuable considerations, the receipt of which is hereby acknowl-
edged, I have this day sold and conveyed to Alexander Agassiz, Esq., of
Cambridge, Massachusetts, all the skins and mounted birds collected by
me, and now in four cases in the Museum building, being in the aggregate
about threé’ thousand (3,000) specimens in all, and being the residue of
birds collected by me ; the last and highest catalogue number in my cata-
logue being No. 138,105. ‘This bill of sale embraces all birds collected by
me or in my collection on this first day of April, 1895, and remaining un-
disposed of at that date, and more particularly described in my catalogue

below the number 138,105.
W. E. D. SCOTT.

In the presence of
WALTER FAXON.

APRIL 1, 1895.

, Soy f
« 7 oy VE! PR Ao
. P “ig wa :

The following Publications of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy
are in preparation : —

Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations in 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, in Charge of ALEX-

ANDER AGASSIZ, by the U. 8. Coast Survey Steamer “ Blake, »? as follows: —

A. MILNE-EDWARDS. Crustacea of the “ Blake.”’

KE. EHLERS. The Annelids of the ‘‘ Blake.”’

G. B. GCODE and IT. BEAN. Deep-Sea Fishes of the East Coast of the United States.
“Blake” and ‘‘Albatross’’ Collections published in connection with the National Museum.

C. HARTLAUB. The Comatule of the ‘‘ Blake,” with 15 Plates.

A. E. VERRILL. ‘The Alcyonaria of the “ Blake.”

Illustrations of North American MARINE INVERTEBRATES, from Drawings by BuRK-
HARDT, SONREL, and A. AGASSIZ, prepared under the Direction of L. AGASSIZ.

Selections from EMBRYOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, compiled by A. AGASSIZ, W. FAXON,
and BE. L. MAr« (discontinued for the present).

A. AGASSIZ. The Acalephs of the East Coast of the United States.
£6 On Dactylometra quinquecirra Agass.
ss On the Florida Keys. With Notes by O. E. HovEy and W. H. ELDRIDGE.
AGASSIZ and WHITMAN. Pelagic Fishes. Part II., with 14 Plates.
LOUIS CABOT. Immature State of the Odonata, Part LV.
BE. L. MARK. Studies on Lepidosteus, continued.
OS. On Arachnactis.
M. E. WADSWORTH. Lithological Studies. Part IT.
J: D. WHITNEY, Origin and Mode of Occurrence of Iron and its Ores.
: Nomenclature and Classification of Ore Deposits.
R. T. HILL. Notes on the Geology of the Isthmus of Panama.
CHARLES’ WACHSMUTH and FRANK SPRINGER. The North
Crinoidea Camerata. With an Atlas of 83 Plates.

Contributions from the ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, in charge of Professor E. L. MARK,
as follows: —

W. WHITNEY. The Histology of Thyone.
T. G. LEE. The Suprarenals in Amphibia,

Contributions from the GEOLOGICAL LABORATORY, in charge of Professor N.S. SHALER.
Contributions from the PETROGRAPHICAL LABORATORY,
ELIor WOLFF.

Studies from the NEWPORT MARINE LABORATORY, communicated by ALEXANDER
AGASSIZ.
A. AGASSIZ and W. McM. WOODWORTH. Some Variations in the Giannis Eucope.

American Fossil

in charge of Professor J.

Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer
“ Albatross,” Lieutenant Commander Z. L. TANNER, U.S. N., Commanding, in charge of
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, as follows: —

R, VON LENDENFELD.
rescent Organs of Fishes.

A. bse ia tae The Pelagic Fauna.
oe The Echini.

The Phospho-

ce The Panamic Deep-Sea Fauna.

J. E. BENEDICT. The Annelids.
K. BRANDT. The Sagitte.

"3 The Thalassicole.
C. CHUN. The Siphonophores.

2 The Eyes of Deep-Sea Crustacea.

W. H. DALL. The Mollusks.

C. B. DAVENPORT. The Bryozoa.
S. GARMAN. The Fishes.

A. GOES. The Foraminifera.

H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds and Isopods,

W. A. HERDMAN. The Ascidians.

S. J. HICKSON. The Antipathids.
W. E. HOYLE.. The Cephalopods.

G. VON KOCH. The Deep-Sea Corals.
C. A. KOFOID. Solenogaster.

Cc. F. LUTKEN. The Ophiuride.

O. MAAS. The Acalephs.

EK. L. MARK. The Actinarians.

JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens.

ROBERT RIDGWAY. The Alcoholic Birds. —

P. SCHIEMENZ. Pteropods and Heteropods..

W. PERCY SLADEN. The Starfishes.

L. STEJNEGER. The Reptiles.

THEO. STUDER. The Alcyona ‘ans.

M. P. A. TRAUTSTEDT. ec Salpide and
Doliolide.

E. P. VAN DUZEE. The Halobatide.

H. B. WARD. The Sipunculids.

H., V. WILSON. The Sponges.

W. McM. WOODWORTH. pe Planarians.

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

There have been published of the Butuetins Vols. I. to XXVLI.;
of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XVIII.

Vols. XXVII., XXVIIL., and XXXL. of the Butzerin, and Vols.
XI. and XIX. of the Memorrs are now in course of publication.

The BuLtetin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of
original work by the Professors and Assistants of the Museum, of
investigations carried on by students and others in the different
Laboratories of Natural History, and of work by specialists based
upon the Museum Collections.

The following publications are in preparation : —

Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations from 1877 to 1880, in charge of
Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer “ Blake,” Lieut.
Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U.S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N.,
Commanding.

Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission
Steamer “ Albatross,” Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Com-
manding, in charge of Alexander Agassiz.

Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory, in charge of Professor E. L.
Mark.

Contributions from the Geological Laboratory, in charge of Professor N. S.
Shaler.

Contributions from the Petrographical Laboratory, in charge of Professor
J. Eliot Wolff.

Studies from the Newport Marine Laboratory, communicated by Alexander

Agassiz.

Subscriptions for the publications of the Museum will be received
on the following terms : —

For the BuLietin, $5.00 per volume, payable in advance.
For the Memorrs, $8.00 6 “6 be

These publications are issued in numbers at irregular inter-
vals; one volume of the Bulletin (8vo) and half a volume of the
Memoirs (4to) usually appear annually. Each number of the Bul-
letin and of the Memoirs is also sold separately. <A price list of
the publications of the Museum will be sent on application to the

Director of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Director.

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