toe ena hed (us Size. of allotments2=2-2225= os 93
Tests with herring milt as food Time and method of delivery---- 93
for rainbow trout—..=c.ciS-2=- 77
INTRODUCTION.
In considering the value of any branch of governmental work it is
clearly just to take cognizance of the progress made, as evidenced
by an increased volume of work, but improved methods and lower
costs of producing and distributing the output are, in the case of
fish culture, of more importance, as indicating efficiency and sus-
tained interest in the work.
For a number of years there has been no increase in the funds pro-
vided for the propagation and distribution of food fishes, and only
the very inadequate increase in compensation of faithful employees
as provided by the so-called bonus of $240 per annum. In the face
of this condition and the fact that the cost of all commodities, labor,
and railroad rates increased many fold during the period of the
World War, it is particularly gratifying to note that the bureau
maintained its fish-cultural establishment, if not intact, still at a
point of efficiency where it handled an increased volume of work
without material increase in the cost of production or distribution.
The value of modern fish culture is so generally accepted by those
having knowledge of the facts as to need no defense and is shown
by the action of many States in providing funds for such work, by
the numbers of fish-cultural plants financed by commercial interests,
and by individuals who are interested only in maintaining the fish
supply in a given locality.
The bureau’s fish-cultural division is probably more completely
organized and equipped than any similar -institution in the world.
It has been built up through a long period of years and represents
the thoughtful and painstaking effort of many persons. It has
reached a point in its history where its movement must either ad-
vance or retrograde. To longer maintain the present magnitude of
the work with the funds provided is manifestly impracticable. On
the other hand, the opportunities for its continued enlargement and
extension are restricted only by the facilities available. |
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 3
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1921, 62 per cent of the
appropriation provided by Congress for the propagation and dis-
tribution of food fishes was expended in the maintenance and develop-
ment of the commercial fisheries.2 The remaining portion of the
fund was devoted to the equally important, though less extensive,
work of producing and disseminating in the interior waters of the
country various species of trout and the so-called warm-water fishes,
including the black basses, crappies, and sunfish. The widely ex-
tended and rapidly increasing use of the automobile has opened
to tourists and sportsmen numerous trout and bass waters which
were formerly inaccessible, with the result that interior streams and
lakes in all parts of the country have been heavily overfished. Of
all fishermen concerned automobilists as a class are perhaps the
most law-abiding, but their rapidly increasing numbers and their
habit of camping near a promising body of water and fishing it for
an extended period—sometimes for several days—has constituted
a drain which it will not be easy to make good. A most serious aspect
of the situation is that it threatens the resources of waters which
have never heretofore required any appreciable effort on the part
of either Federal or State agencies to maintain. The greatest danger
in this respect lies in the Western mountain States, in New England,
and in other parts of the country which abound in natural scenic
beauty.
The situation is a grave one, and if not given proper and imme-
diate attention by the States concerned and by the Federal Govern-
ment there is imminent danger of the total depletion of fish life in
many valuable waters which have heretofore yielded an abundant
supply. The advantages of keeping the interior waters of the coun-
try well stocked with the game and food fishes adapted to them are
many and obvious. By such means a cheap and very desirable food
supply is afforded to a certain class of people who would otherwise
be unable to’ enjoy it. Vast numbers of people are inspired by the
lure of good fishing to seek the great out-of-doors, with very bene-
ficial results to their health, aside from the recreation afforded.
Certain of the State authorities who are not able to cope with the
difficulty have applied to the Bureau of Fisheries for aid, but in most
instances it could not be given, the bureau’s resources having been
already greatly overtaxed in the effort to maintain the scope of its
work along previously established lines.
The bureau’s efforts in fish culture are directed chiefly toward the
maintenance of the existing fisheries of the country and toward the
development of new and profitable sources of fish supply by extend-
ing its operations over a wider territory in fields contiguous to the
present stations. Five important functions are involved in this work,
namely, the collections of eggs from various species of fish of
economic value, the incubation of the eggs in properly equipped
hatcheries, the rearing and feeding of the young of certain species,
the rescue of stranded fishes from overflow waters in the Mississippi
Valley, and the distribution of fish and fish eggs in suitable waters.
2The expenditures involved in distributing the output of the hatcheries represents
approximately 17 per cent of the total appropriation, and 30 per cent of this amount
represents the expenditures in connection with the commercial species.
4 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Part 1—FISH PROPAGATION AND RESCUE.
Summary of Operations.
SPECIES OF FISHES HANDLED.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1921, the bureau propagated
and distributed some 48 species of fishes, as shown in the following
list. Fishes rescued from overflowed lands in the Mississippi Basin
and restored to original waters or distributed in other sections of the
United States are included.
LIST OF SPECIES HANDLED,
THE CATFISHES (SILURIDZ) :
Horned pout, bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus).
Marbled catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus marmoratus).
Mississippi catfish (Ameiurus lacustris).
Spotted catfish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).
Yellow catfish (Leptops olivaris).
THE SUCKERS (CATOSTOMIDZ) :
Mongrel buffalofish (Jctiobus urus).
Common buffalofish (Jctiobus cyprinelia).
Smallmouth buffalofish (Jetiobus bubalus).
THE CARPS (CYPRINIDA) : ~
Asiatic carp (Cyprinus carpio). ;
THE SHADS AND HERRINGS (CLUPEIDZ) :
Shad (Alosa sapidissima).
Glut herring (Pomolobus aestivalis).
Skipjack (Pomolubus chrysochloris).
THE SALMONS, TROUTS, WHITEFISHES, ETC. (SALMONID) :
Common whitefishes (Coregonus albus and C. clupeaformis).
Cisco (chiefly Leucichthys artedi).
Chinook salmon, king salmon, quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus tscha-
wytscha).
Chum salmon, dog salmon (Oncorhynchus keta).
Humpback salmon, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
Silver salmon, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus Iisutch).
Sockeye salmon, blueback salmon, redfish (Oncorhynchus nerka).
Steelhead salmon (Salmo gairdner?).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Landlocked salmon (Salmo sebago).
Rainbow trout (Salmo shasta).
Blackspotted trout, redthroat trout (Salmo lewisi).
Loch Leven trout (Salmo levenensis).
Lake trout, Mackinaw trout (Cristivomer namaycush).
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
THE GRAYLINGS (THYMALLIDZ) :
Montana grayling (Thymallus montanus).
THE SMELTS (OSMERID2) :
Smelt (Osmerus mordaz).
THE PIKES (LUCIID2) :
Little pickerel (Lucius vermiculatus).
Common pickerel (Lucius lcs).
THE SUNFISHES, BLACK BASSES, AND CRAPPIES (CENTRARCHID2:) |
Crappies (Pomozis annularis and P. sparoides).
Largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Smallmouth black bass (Micropterus dolomieu).
Rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth bass, goggle-eye (Chenobryttus gulosus).
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis pallidus).
Common sunfish (Hupomotis gibbosus).
THE PERCHES (PERCID2) :
Pike perch (Stizostedion vitreum).
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 5
THE BASSES (SERRANID2)
Striped bass, rockfish (Roccus lineatus).
White bass (Roccus chrysops).
White perch (Morone americana).
THE DRUMS (ScIAENID2):
Fresh-water drum, lake sheepshead (Aplodinotus grunniens).
THE cops (GADID2) :
Cod (Gadus callarias).
Haddock (Melanogrammus eglefinus).
Pollock (Pollachius virens).
THE FLOUNDERS (PLEURONECTID2) :
Winter flounder, American flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).
Pole flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus).
SUMMARY OF OUTPUT.
During the fiscal year 1921 the bureau’s efforts in fish propagation
and rescue of stranded fishes resulted in a gross output of 4,962,-
583,555 fish and fish eggs for distribution, 93 per cent of which was
made up of the important commercial species and 7 per cent of the
species used in stocking interior waters. Losses due to transporta-
tion amounted to 94,150, making a net product of fish and fish eggs
actually distributed of 4 ‘962, 489,405. A summary of this net output,
shown by species, is given in the following table:
SuMMARY, BY SPECIES, OF Net Output or FisH ANpD FisH Eags, FIscan
YEAR 1921.
Species. Eggs. Fry. Fingerlings. Total.
a a ee ee ee eee ciel.
SeaRNDes 3 Seek Saud. -ck 11 5- ca ache didal > abies. Jac RR SS Se ee 35, 257, 070 35, 257, 070
MOET S, 59... Sa. See et 108, 307, 000 1, 645, 835 109, 952, 835
STE ER) TR IATA PR: RE et | 106, 043, 000 3, 918, 580 109, 961, 580
TUT Le” Se a ES te ea PENRYN |) | $82,292,276 |. asceews.- 4-20! 32, 792, 275
EMER Tew Mita t os ew nae nnee pale tars 20 ecole anes 83 SID JOON 1. soot cso tone oat | 43, 815, 000
DURNCRION 3550024. epics ade 4. caayds - 0 181, 650, 000 238, 800, 000 |..........--.2-. 420, 450, 000
eR os Shs fen eed ass 186, 510, 000 $0, 800;000 bess gs 276, 310, 000
Chinook salmon. ..........-...22..-.-+- G,/780, OOO] 42. 2be 228 32, 780, 765 39, 560, 765
DUIS ATEN os an «ae Eee Px danse haere «ada 7, 000, 000 19, 436, 400 26, 436, 400
ET Mp SRS SESS Sh eS Re EAL ee Ag eens 600, 000 6, 486, 150 7, 086, 150
Sockeye salmon.............-------+-++ 350, 000 38, 778, 500 30, 434, 500 69, 563, 000
PERCRIOMELBRAINON ncn ons. scemen sds 493, 000 38, 810 2, 928, 915 3, 460, 725
Mplantoraitions) 23260130 4 Le ee 1, 387, 000 280 1, 387, 280
Laemdlocked salmon... ....% iG). soe ce ae Grayline-rs. esc ess 700, 000 |.......s2astost
Whitefish............ 422,769, 000 PAT 16; O00 | Smelts*: UH oc ecs ce ccleamswecsceictae 8, 000, 000
DISCOS wee os sadecccs|) | ASL) ADO NOUN 317, 200, 000 || Pike perch........... 416, 100, 000 508, 942, 000
Chinook salmon..... 51,793, 000 43, 829, 820 || Yellow perch........ 175, 398, 000 218, 333, 750
Chum salmon........ 15, 417, 000 28, 182, 000 || Striped bass.-....... 19, 358, 000 24, 600, 000
Humpback salmon.. B79 BOO ee Sapte 22d oy God wis WAL csdees 912, 417, 000 482,012, 000
Silver salmon........ 10,079 000 8,273, 000 |} Haddock.........-.. 406, 235, 000 635, 950, 000
Sockeye salmon...... 108, 115, 000 76,012,500 |} Pollock:=:..-.-2--.2- , 800, 000 650, 850, 000
Steelhead salmon.... 4, 006, 609 1,603, 000 || Winter flounder. ...-. 1, 805, 167, 000 | 1,980, 291, 000
Atlantic salmon. .... 797, 600 911,720 || Pole flounder.......-. wae Seles cae 19, 410, 000
Landlocked salmon. . 2,026, 800 1,063, 200
Rainbow trout. ..... 9; 631, 200 10, 994; 750 Potals:. J5.4 6, 121, 390, 009 | 5,996, 844, 870.
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 7
SUMMARY OF FISH-RESCUE WORK.
That part of the net output for the fiscal year 1921 derived from
the rescue of stranded fishes is shown in the following table, which
gives for each point from which the rescue work was conducted the
total number of each species salvaged, the portion of that total
restored to the original waters and the portion deliverd to appli-
cants; and for each species the total number rescued, the portion of
that total restored to the original waters, and the portion delivered
to applicants.
For a discussion of the rescue operations and suggestions for the
enlargement of their scope, see page 78.
NUMBER AND DISPOSITION OF FISH RESCUED FROM OVERFLOWED LANDS, FIscan
YEAR 1921.
Delivered to | Restored to
Station. Species. applicants. oe Total.
Bellevue, Iowa..:............ OMIA. Sooo ba cseses es Asn 150 313, 865 314, 015
SRRRS cares eich cat oe 434 138, 325 138, 759
Cg EE, ee I RO Se a 64, 390 2, 147, 350 2,211, 740
MDDS Aas. Soar sos fot cs 7, 565 4, 780, 935 4, 788, 5
Br hig Se SS SESS eee meme ST 2,295 2, 295
Largemouth black bass........ 30, 510 27, 400 57,910
Pike and pickerel. ............ 410 19, 185 19, 595
PARE POTCR 252... 12, 635 4, 980, 187 4, 992, 822
Miscdilbneotis ss Jivs3iioct. COLT ds 527, 080 527, 080
Proud. 212/;.207. 1 ED ea yeh yyy ca 164,610 | 45, 540, 335 45, 704, 945
8 * U.S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES,
NUMBER AND DISPOSITION OF FISH RESCUED FROM OVERFLOWED LANDS, Erc.—Con.
Delivered to | Restored to
Station. ies. ( rete f
tation Species applicants. pap Total
La Crosse, Wis............... Buttalonshet cet ews accemssnet 1,020 799, 510 800, 530
Carpeccce. eit tee gaan 25 2, 059, 164 2, 059, 189
CatHShUst he. OsccwceuiensHI HOS Ea EEE ¢
Berkshire, Mass.: .
Entire year....:...... Mrook trout: ........<.]-.-.-.- snide sore biel.
Hambow trout ....+-~|--<.--.-2. ?..|..-.------.--.-
Big White Salmon,
Wash.—
Entire veal. ..5....--6 Chinook salmorit=-2---|->-----'- cece
Little White Salmon,
Wash.—
Entire year........-<.|(02.2 OFe eee beeen oe 950, 000
Chumi'salman=, =. 2226). ceececessees
Rogue River, Oreg.—
Entire year...........
Salmon, Idaho—
July-September......
Upper Clackamas,
Oreg.—
Entire yearo...2..:...
Washougal, Wash.—
April-June........-..-
Willamette, Oreg.—
July-June............
Cold Springs, Ga.:
Entire year.<.:...--.-
Craig Brook, Me.:
Entire year-..25-..-..-
Duluth, Minn.: *
Pintirewear..--< 222.3
Edenton, N. C.:
Entire year. ........--
Weldon, N. C.—
April-May... oo
Erwin, Tenn.:
Entire year......-----
Fairport, lowa, and sub-
Stations:
Entire year...........
Fingerlings,
Fry. yearlings,
and adults.
EEE A NEE | 95, 000
Pen Fated 8 5 4,000
4, 362; 000
77, 400
35, 150
450, 000
5, 067, 900
Silver salmon}. =5 soe 35: PA 552 ewes | soe et oer ae 381, 900
Steelhead'salmon. .< 2)... toca. nnn ne eVeeeeees.¢ , 000
Chinook salmon......-. 2, 400;000 | 2225-2225 5.652 |-s sence ees
ass GO... sb eweoteeees|ocs+renaseeeeelee eee eeeebece|) OLyeco 7000
Steelhead salmon... ... 223, 000 BbO00! | 5.522288
Shad. 20-2 ee ee see oe cee 2347 900). cbeecees
Cathsh ooo e oe ncco cea wee es en pa eee eee 4, 120
CTAPDIC. Ste ae ana seo eee taco 9; 600; 000))|-2 2s
Glut herring: 23582 easiness 43,815,000 ||. . eens a 53, 757
Catiisit S: - :fewetesie ctl... 2055 - nets eee meee 1, 013, 826
RADIO ic x rk alee oa 3 | 2 > oe oe paige a |S eS 170, 827
PUI oe Seeman ae |> oe oe cee eees| See 420
Largemouth” bilaie K |: 3: . <5 2265. eated eng > 6, 288
bass.
Pike and)pickerel- 3 .2|).5. 5 5... cele des eee 471
BUNAR 5 pbs foe olsen lon 5 nce =o eee eee eee 80, O11
Willte Dass_2.2 osc .as|- nc s oon cel eee memes 3,176
Miscellaneous
Total.
1, 935, 500
238, 000
2, 347, 100
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921.
11
STATIONS AND SUBSTATIONS OPERATED, AND OUTPUT OF EACH, FISCAL YEAR
1921—Continued.
[Asterisk (*) denotes transfer of eggs. See table, p. 15.]
Station and period of
operation.
Gloucester, Mass.: *
TAGES YeHT. 522. = 25
Green Lake, Me.:
Entire year. ..........
Grand Lake Stream,
Me.*#—
Entire year...........
Homer, Minn.:
Entire year...........
Atchafalaya, La.—
Februar April. SE Pr
Bellevue, lowa—
July-November. ee
La Crosse, Wis.—
Entire year...........
Marquette, lowa—July-
November
Meredosia, I1].—
July-November...... 3
Species.
ea a {pole)
Flounder (winter)... ..
Brook trouts ==. 522. .:
Landlocked salmon. ..
Rainbow trout.......-
Smelt
Brook trout. ...2<<...
Landlocked salmon...
Car
Benes black bass
Pike and pickerel
Yellow perch
Miscellaneous.........
Buffalofish...........-
i eaere ai: black bass|
Pike and pickerel. ....
Buffalofish............
Largemouth black bass
Pike and pickerel
Rainbow trout
Sunfish
Yellow perch
Miscellaneous.........
URED 5 odes oo
Laremoutin black bass
Pike and pickerel. ....
| EO RS AL a
Sunfis
Hee www www,
ee
Yallow rberch RS
Miscellaneous
Fingerlings,
Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
and adults.
2 208,800,000 | 50,900,000 |............ 259, 709, 000
ROSATO OUG cen ee ad 19, 410, 000
ae: Kerrey 132, 070, 000 |.-----"-."7"] 132,070, 000
188, 940,000 | 271,886,000 |... =... 460, 820, 000
(*) 443, 160,000 |..........-- 443, 160, 000
Loe: oe 608;.050')|. .. ne 608, 050
495, 000 peed tec a Ree gin
ne BAe Sie ae 2 26, eet em S ‘
600, 000 TRON A. eee 7, 600, 000
AEM Sn eee yaa 1) RR Bee 5 47, 880
* 80,000 55, 000 79, 100 214, 100
ee OE RE] Biel pela tla 30, 165 30, 165
Rab A Wim Ue 1, 190, 360 1, 190, 360
ooh ESE ed One ae eat Lege aati Garg 10, 769, 828 10, 769, 828
i 15,959, 460 | 15, 959, 460
DESEO BSE Gee Sober ea Bement ee 19) 405 19, 405
perpoeys vis: Ga OREN ES 169, 815 169, 815
i A ere. 175, 040 175, 040
tebe taeaes Sohn Pein Monnet en me et 108, 265 108, 265
Tie eee His Rarer aEe av AD 3, 300 3, 300
Bee Seen Tee pea oa epee 11, 755, 715 11,755, 06
a Robe el PRES 6, 990
aiigss ict ca oe 4,992,822 | 4,992, 822
RaSh ant SEE Some ee 527, 080 527, 080
od ee: Saee 40,040,000 ............} 40,040, 000
(neat toe Siege | 68,267,000! 314,015 | 68, 581, O15
osha sete’ | 42, 718, 000 138, 759 42, 856, 759
BE foe ary |p watt ecole 2, 211, 740 2,211, 740
eg ae Rene pee 5 reas St 4, 788, 500 4) 788, 500
Boke Cee GN, Aa 2, 295 2, 205
Sat RR PP rie oi baleen 2 57,910 57, 910
ASS DERE Sos eens hoe, $s 19,595 ig
SE ine Beare be Sey . 9]. see as Sane 91, 200 91, 200
PE Oe Lee p ee ae CMe beb ase 800, 175 800, 175
Oe etree baer ct oot 93, 300 93, 300
Pi Hess te 54 ses hotpekac tee 37, 590 37, 590
ay daasticts cc dhemeee ieee AE 145, 300 145, 300
SERFS REP PEED tan! Peis, co fe 200
gee eEnll uionks op uwittcs!nensednaeea bey 11, 000 11, 000
7 Represents eggs fertilized and planted on spaw ning grounds,
12 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
STATIONS AND SUBSTATIONS OPERATED, AND OUTPUT OF HACH, FISCAL YEAR
1921—Continued.
[Asterisk (*) denotes transfer of eggs. See table, p. 15.]
|
, ; Fingerlings.
Station and period of Speci : ?
: pecies. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
operation. andadults:
Leadville, Colo.:*
Entire year.........-- Blackspotted trout....]......-..--..: 950 {600 || ek coeccbmne 950, 500
BLOORS UDG se: oo oce se ¥500;000 4u- wasjsesnensais4 2, 706, 000 3, 206, 000
Lake trout so pec- ues cles cc. cc ccc sc|- 2 Steeeeeeees 24, 000 24, 000
Loch, Leyen Bout 6. .| 0 sac neces sacal| sao s eee 34, 000 34, 000
Rainbow trout roo. so .seeneecocee decane arene 99, 500 99, 500
Louisville, Ky.:
Entire year........... oe pela Miagkcipass).. ..oo 0. anaes 32, 000 1, 100 se eH
Fa a a Se NOE SS mt bie oa tre eS 4, 500
Shaltnon th bisakmass| ook sc csteee 146, 000 10,700 156, 700
SLM ki Nea, Seer nel AEs eee aadont er Hs S5onc5en6¢ 76, 150 76, 150
Woellow perch ois) sceslose cece sees 150000120) =yaeee 750, 000
Cairo, Il.—
July-October......... ee saa Sete Bebo dea] - sietsicwscepaideee > bale a eesee 107, ay pit pe
ET ere ae ce |: ae SEU a ep na ie ee 44,715 S
pee GING cess eObenaedd| Mabe crococoseale os. 20226 or, 800 ores on
TAD DIB see ns eee se oe ans | Sa omer 170, 800 ;
La eemanti Dlack Dass}. 22-2. sane sale ee eee 2, 600 2, 600
Pikeand pickerel 2 528\-. oo oe eee ase 4, 900 4, 900
BUMUISH ge Soc. ae nome) sonic cee eae tall ee ee ce 55, 250 55, 250
WHITE DASS co. < cccecec| toe concer anata eee meee. 800
Mammoth Spring, Ark.:
Entire year_.......... TLarzemouthiblack bass|>.---+-0c--.- ale -aeancseeeeee 1, 400 1, 400
Rogk basse cet ee |e ceesae Seen | eee oan ere 4,725 4,725
Smallmouth black bass]. ...-...-.-.-. 24, 000 2, 200 26, 200
Manchester, lowa:*
Entire year........... Brook troiit| soeisec- ese oc deoseece ose pee ereetee 466, 225 466, 225
Rainbow ETOH eee 465, 500) |n pect ee 1565, 950 = Fi
OCK WaASS 5 orac ew cpiee:s |= rocio cist eae an tel aeietoeereieteee eines ,91 P
Smalhnonth black bass|:22...... 0... cid. aogaeee eee 2, 500 2, 500
Nashua, N. H.:
Entire year........... Brooktrouts: -s.s-.- close cus ssces Soc Seaee aan 735, 600 735, 600
PIKE PCLCW. 32 enne le ltmcceteroenees LTS ROO ese ceeaeets 1, 175, 000
ainWOw trolte ce eee Noone secon toe clos eee 42, 000 42, 000
Smallmouth black bass}......-..----- SL 70 ll jane ere see 31, 700
Neosho, Mo.:* -
Entire year 3, 000 3, 000
ppie 13, 222 13, 222
Largemouth black bass|)< 2.22.02 in IU Boe 20, 175 20, 175
petal TOUlon os *1005000" |S 2 cease oes mth Hore an ra
OC. CSE AR SAR ASS Sooo oseesea) fees =e oo. ~ o 1 , 04 ,
praetenouts plack bass|--- sos. c-ctes 1, 500 A va oa aa
Se Swine crea es sie| eb a pa oes mas oo/a| ieee tse , ’
Yellow perch. < 2.5 i25.|-tececes cece | peer eemeeaeees 58
Northville, Mich.:
Entire year..._....... Brook trout 22.2622. - 5s sees see woe 321, 000 148, 225 469, 225
Rambow trot... -c\ece esac sees 42, 000 51,575 93, 575
Smallmouth black bass}........+.....[.-.----2-00-s- 31, 200 31, 200
Bay City, Mich.—
April-May ...........- Pike peten.3:-.-.2--5-
Charlevoix, Mich.+—
Entire year........... Lake trout.....:-.-..-
Steelhead salmon...... |
NWYEIPEUA oc oe cosets
Orangeburg, S. C.:
Entire year........... Srey Lek SH ace aeene] FES: Abeer
Largemouth black bass
MOCK UUSS aon homens ceaeeeeoe ine oe
feb | Rees serena] eisncutmiie cate
Put in Bay, Ohio:*
Entire year..........- OO Ee, ao dedaariad Boer acahic tdacic
PIEG DOLCM oc 5sc2)-<<2=|> cee saeen sacs
WIKIDEHAL ope tee ae
St. Johnsbury, Vt.:
Entire year...:.-..... Brook trout........-.--
TAKS TORU b cates e|sechioneceache
Landlocked salmon. ;
Steelhead ‘salidn i225. oe ose. clpmpa et ema eee
Holden, Vt.—
Entire year........... Brook trots cot encwes lessee. cee seee
TARO trl ce. cseeeeen|sccse eee.
Raitibdw touts. 2... > -|--- noe tose cc oss ee eee ee
Steelhead saliion..- 5-2) 0. epee ne|e> ope aeoeents
Swanton, Vt.*—
March-May........... PIES Perch ~~ pos. sense
Yellow perch.......---
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921.
13
STATIONS AND SUBSTATIONS OPERATED, AND OUTPUT OF EACH, FISCAL YEAR
1921—Continued.
[Asterisk (*) denotes transter of eggs.
Station and period of
operation.
San Marcos, Tex.:
Entire year. ......-...
Saratoga, Wyo.:*
Entire year..........-.
Springville, Utah:*
Entire year...........
Paris, Idaho—
March-April..........
Tupelo, Miss.:
Entire year.-.......--
White Sulphur Springs,
aie Va* aie
Entire year.......-:..
Woods Hole, Mass.:*
Entire year...........
Wytheville, Va.:*
Entire year...........
Yes Bay, Alaska:
Entire year...........
Gross output
Species.
Blackspotted trout. ...
LODE LEOMb so a2 2.
Rainbow trout........
Brook trout... ..-~-..
WED SOOG ec cece cae
Loch Leven trout.....
Rainbow trout.....-...
Blackspotted trout... .
Brovk trout... 5... 5;-
ert a eee ae ee oe
Rainbow trout........
eS el Ane
Largemouth black |
Dn a Se ae
Smallmouth black
bass.
Cod
Blonudee..jyss > a5=%% =
Brook trout.......:.;
on Bae eee
Largemouth black
ass.
Loss in ang Ie eer
Net output
1, 109, 637, 130
Eggs.
Fry.
124, 441, 000
See table, p.15.]
Fingerlings
yearlin
257, 715
5, 904
320
74, 872
eee eeceeeeee
9, 380, 500
3, 626, 264, 230 |226, 682, 195
1, 500 92, 650
EGG-COLLECTING OR AUXILIARY STATIONS.
The eggs hatched at the main stations and substations listed in
the foregoing table are in many cases obtained from auxiliary
sources, usually temporary stations occupied during the season
only or, in some instances, mere camps, which are shifted from year
to year.
S, :
and adults.
Total.
257, 715
857, 400
550
26, 400
913, 151
175
100, 625
124, 441,000
795, 355, 000
,
(3, 626, 262, 730 |226, 589, 545 |4, 962, 489, 405
In the Great Lakes and off the New England coast col-
lections are made by the bureau’s vessels or boats in favorable lo-
calities. The following stations and egg-collecting points, operative
for the periods indicated, furnished eggs of the given species for the
main hatcheries during 1921,
14
U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Eac-CoLLecTING STATIONS AND SPECIES HANDLED, FiscAL YEAR 1921.
Stations.
Period of operation.
Species handled.
April to JRNOs:. 250. the see
feadow Creek, Mont..........----.---
Yellowstone Park 5 VE Oban cea cte ees July to September. ........-.
Clear Creek. ss ewnq oweweeiecemrectisonlnore= CS ene mRAREEs ASCH ES
Columbine Creek i.- 3-22). -2.-2 <5 ee lncoee (ca Rae eee eae RA ty
Cob @reak 2p te toc ee elem GD. -< S.2eer eae ee eee
ThomD Greece. tae ane eee eee OO Eee eet ser emai
Cape Vincent, N. Y.:
Bygotts Point, ING SY aacecinaienesee sees INOVeriben oe occ ect e eee
Chaumont Bay, IN. Yje2e25¢2eeses2 cee. November and December. -.
Heseronte; Canada ..3-22 355526 5s552--|s525- ca 0 ess ees tet Ree ar
air Haven bay, N., 8 .~.- -s-<2-- eee. fee co Ko aan, Speer SP Se ey
SASS bay... 4 sccesotecee nce y
Pigeon Island, Canada
SOdNS Bay, Ne Ms. cdsrgse tb ose See
South Bay, Canada. .-................
mrony Islafid Naty ..2-s2 42532 soa. oe
Duluth, Minn.:
Boy River! Mim ...2 sss .jasete sek
STCSDUrs eMneae . . «dao tn escort
Grand) Marais® Mich. j5-<2-2.--0.05:--
Meystone, Wiehe 3. aisasaeew esse ee
esac La Bele: Mich: 2.2222 2225. sce c5,-
Manitou Island, Mich
Marquette, MAGNE. dosscetcecse:
MRanIsing, Michee ., doacosemcaticn see
Ontonagon, Mich.............-....-.--
Portage, Mich.........--- ecacesee 5 Sect BO! So. oe ee Fe one
Washington Harbor, Mich..-.-........|..... Os So Bae eect ee
Green Lake, Me.: Fish River Lake, Me..... November... -s2eece-et eas
Leadville, Colo.:
Carroll ake Golo... sas. Sosa eke October and November. - -.-
Crystaltake; Colo: j-cecer cesses | eine 00 eee eS Bch esas ce
Engelbrecht Lake, Clowes: Sete aes GOli. tk. ee eee
Evergreen Lake, Colo......-.....5....[-..:- (se aes See ote te ty Ive
Hen and Ford Lakes, Colo. ......-....|..... 0 fo ag a en BS Oe
Muserove Lake, Colossn so eee ccciee sks lee see WO aie ate oe Leen ae
Nortifield (Colo. >>.>sees]sos0- BO sess = ia te atiakins eee
Springville, Utah: Fish Lake, Utah....... October and November,
April and May.
Woods Hole, Mass.:
Onissett,, Mass. 4% 502-5 neta ogee February and March........
Weavell, Mass. 2/2 fi)" 3 TT i neal fo ng th fe
Wic ord, Wiss bea pss hs, Aas Magn. 5552p. eeaeddew an =i ae
Rainbow trout.
Blackspotted trout.
0.
Cisco, whitefish.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Yellow perch.
Lake trout.
Cisco.
Whitefish.
Lake trout.
Pike perch.
D
0.
Lake trout.
0.
Landlocked salmon.
Brook trout.
0.
Brook and Loch Leven trouts,
Lake trout, white fish.
0.
Do.
Whitefish.
Do.
Do.
Whitefish, carp, pike perch.
Whitefish, pike, perch.
Brook trout.
Do.
Do.
Rainbow trout.
Do.
Do.
Do.
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 15
TRANSFERS OF EGGS.
For the convenient reference of persons interested in the results
of the frequent interchange of fish eggs between the various stations
of the bureau this table is prepared, indicating all such transfers of
eggs during the fiscal year 1921. It is the intention to include a
similar table in all future reports. :
TRANSFERS OF Eaes, FiscaLn YEAR 1921.
Species. a praetey From To— Final See lines o fry or finger
Blacksp ot t ed 50,000 | Yellowstone Park.| Birdsview, Wash. ..| Washington waters.
trout.2 25,000 |..... doy sch eS Clackamas, Oreg....} Oregon waters.
1,000,000 |..... TOE eee om Leadville, Colo...... Colorado waters.
200,000 |....- 3 Ee ae efile Saratoga, Wyo...... Wyoming waters.
Brook trout ?... 800,000 | Leadville, Colo....| Bozeman, Mont..... Two Medicine Lake and Grinnel
Creek, Glacier Park, and other
Montana waters.
350,000 | Springville, Utah.|..... CA et a Rae dies Do.
200,000 |..... (hh as Se Clackamas, Oreg....| Oregon waters.
452, 800 |..... ( ea ne Saratoga, Wyo a alae Wyoming waters.
200,000 |..... CC ie Sa as ae Spearfish, S. Dak...) South Dakota waters.
Chinook salmon 120,000 | Battle Creek, Calif.| Central station, | Pennsylvania waters.
Washington, D. Cc.
Cisee 5552-2: .: 1,000,000 | Cape Vincent,N.Y.|..... G6. 232. MSI. ves a Lake, N. Y.
i ee | 8,700,000 | Woods Hole, Mass.| Gloucester, Mass....| Atlantic Ocean.
Lake trout..... 25,000 | Charlevoix, Mich..| Leadville, Colo. ..... Twin Lakes, Colo.
25,000 |.....d0.....-.....- St. Johnsbury, Vt...| Averill Lakes and Lowell Lake,
Vt.; Silver Lake, Taylors Pond,
and Winnesquam Lake, N. H.
25,000 | Duluth, Minn..... Spearfish, S. Dak. ..| Reclamation Reservoir, S. Dak.;
‘ Big Wind River, Wyo.
Landlocked 10,000 Grand Lake | Craig Brook, Me..-..} Pleasant Lake and Toddy Pond,
salmon.? Stream, Me. Me.
25,000 |..... tees PED Se St. Johnsbury, Vt...) Lake St. Catherine, Vt.; Lake
George, N. Y.
Pike perch..... | 8,000,000 | Swanton, Vt...... | Cape Vincent, N. Y.| Lake Ontario, N. Y.
2,025,000 |..... 0... 327245 ees' Central station, | Perkiomen Creek, Lake Sheri-
Washington, D. Cc. dan, Paupack River, and
other Pennsylvania waters.
2,000, 000 |..... 1h RSS See Nashua, N. H....... Meret River and tributaries,
500,000 |..... G0 ints. 24713. Wytheville, Va.....| New River, Va.
a! 1 ge ei 24, 350,000 | Gloucester, Mass. . San Harbor, | Boothbay Harbor, Me.
e.
Rainbow trout. 250,600 | Bozeman: Meadow} Duluth, Minn....... | Clearwater River, tributary of,
Creek, Mont. Minn.
325,000 |..... OO. o> .6 28S. Manchester, lowa...| Reserved for brood stock.
250,000 |..... i ee Spearfish, $. Dak. .. Spearfish Creek and tributaries,
S. Dak.
360,000 | Manchester, lowa.| La Crosse, Wis...... | Spring Valley Creek and tribu-
taries, and other Wisspusin
waters. ae
398,991 | Neosho, Mo....... Erwin, Tenn........ Pigeon River and Nth Indian
' reek, Tenn. *
2105,000 | Saratoga: Sage | Leadville, Colo...... Platte River, ‘Rifle Creek, and
Creek, Wyo. other Colorado waters.
?100,000 | Springville: Fish | Clackamas, Oreg....' \lder Creek and Clackamas and
Lake, Utah. Molalla Rivers, Oreg.
250,000 |..... eee ee ----| Duluth, Minn. ..... French and Sucker Rivers, Minn,
225,000 |..... Ch eS Leadville, Colo...... Platte River, Rifle Creek, and
other Colorado waters.
2100, 000 |..... (BBs epee et Spearfish, S. Dak...| Bear Butte, Horse, and Castle
Creeks, 8. Dak.
350,000 | WhiteSulphur | Berkshire: Harts-| Housatonic and Westfield
Springs, W. Va. ville, Mass. Rivers, Mass.
325, 000"]..... Sl tie = o45,0 Central station, | Potomacand Beaverdam Rivers,
Washington, D.¢.| Md.
357,000 |..... rf a eae ee Northville, Mich....) Au Sable and Pere Marquette
Rivers, Mich.
350,000 |..... UOswewawonae.. St. Johnsbury, Vt...) Crescent Pond, N. Y.
*150,000 | Wytheville, Va...| Cape Vincent, N. Y.| Horseshoe Pond, Salmon Creek,
and Neversink River, N. Y.
320,000 |..... hs ae Central station , | Potomacand Beaverdam Rivers,
: Washington, D.C.) Md.
350,000 |..... bE ie a te els Green Lake, Me....- Great Brook and Beaver Pond,
e.
4 50,000 |..... Os AS Nashua, N.H....... Cold and Nashua Rivers, N. H.
3100, 000 |..... eases aad White Sulphur | Cheat and Cranberry Rivers and
Springs, W. Va. tributaries and other West
Virginia waters.
100267 ° —22——-2
16 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
TRANSFERS OF Haas, FiscaAL YEAR 1921—Continued.
Species. Number From— To— Final Pp fry or finger-
| ¥ i
Sockeye salmon! 3,000,000 | Afognak, Alaska. .| Quinault, Wash.....| Quinault Lake, Wash.
5, 000, 000 |..... Goze unseen Yes Bay, Alaska....| McDonald Lake, Alaska.
30,000 | Birdsview, Wash -.| Clackamas, Oreg-....| Columbia River, Oreg.
420,000 |..... Gres eee Craig Brook, Me...-.| Pleasant River, Me.
Stealhead Sal- 25,000 |..... dest ito Charlevoix, Mich....| Hortons Creek, Mich.
mon.
10, 000 |..... aan hd | = | | a |
ry i 5 ae
—f Vee ee eee +l+ 4+ We eee ee ell!
= H ee x [|
a + + t+ ++ + = 4 ae e E | if
5 l
s = h awh s | :
T a Wee Pe ee Se ape Po ee dt, rot + + +s
= f 74 | f [ S
| i ses iat : i te
af es coeeeall: tee
¥ 7 eT |, \eezererre Box Jo) 3o
ca A | YE et
| oT ai
ELEVATION < D SECTION A-B.
— - — 46-0" - a |
i as | mere teil
i! ‘
—i =a
| 7 i
‘4° Leu" ree 4 mee 4 \
= A 73% = a 743) re 7:34 <= 3-0
56-4 = ts = _
PLAN
Fic, 1—Plan of hatching battery in use at the Cape Vineent (N. Y.) station for the incubation of whitefish snd cisco eggs. (Designed by J. P. Snyder.)
100267°—22. (Face p. 32.)
eit
A
SOOY
Ber
+ 4
: ‘pf
:
Awe
:
se
ri?" “
ad 7
nm
-
;
b-we 4
| ; -
vt
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 33
species as the whitefish, lake trout, cisco, pike perch, and yellow
perch, they also include brook trout, rainbow trout, and smallmouth
black bass, which species are produced in limited numbers at several
of these stations.
DULUTH (MINN.) STATION.
[S. P. Wrrns, Superintendent. ]
The spawning season of the lake trout in Lake Superior fields, on
which the Duluth hatchery depends for its stock of eggs, began about
four days later than usual at nearly all points, the bulk of the eggs
being taken between October 17 and November 1, though in the
vicinity of Isle Royale, Mich., small lots were secured at intervals
from the last week in September to about the middle of November.
The run of fish was irregular and the egg collections light, the total
aggregating only 12,726,500, or little more than half the take of an
average season. On account of unseasonable weather and water con-
ditions, poor transportation facilities, and a lack of ice at some of the
more isolated fisheries, the quality of the eggs obtained was so im-
paired as to cut down the output of lake trout from this station to a
total of 6,379,500, of which 175,000 were eyed eggs, shipped on as-
signment to other hatcheries, 6,057,000 fry, and 147,500 fingerling fish.
In the course of the lake-trout spawning season 940,000 white-
fish eggs were collected in the Isle Royale field, and on January 6
this number was augmented by the receipt of 10,000,000 eyed eggs
of very good quality from the Put in Bay (Ohio) hatchery. The
combined stock yielded an output of 9,600,000 fry, all of which were
planted in good condition, in various parts of Lake Superior. The
station also distributed the product of 150,000 brook-trout eggs re-
ceived from a commercial hatchery in New England and two con-
signments of rainbow-trout eggs, aggregating in the neighborhood
of 100,000, the latter being transferred to the station from western
hatcheries of the bureau.
In cooperation with the Minnesota fisheries authorities the force
of the Duluth station established and operated two field stations for
the collection of pike-perch eggs during the spring—one on the Rat
Root River and the other on Boy River, a tributary of Leech Lake.
The bureau’s share in the proceeds of these operations amounted to
13,680,000 eggs. At Boy River the work was not altogether suc-
cessful, as more than 98 per cent of the fish taken had deposited their
eggs previous to capture. This may have been due to the unusually
low water stages that obtained in the early part of the season, the
fish not being attracted to the streams and spawning in the shallow
waters of Leech Lake.
NORTHVILLE (MICH.) STATION AND SUBSTATIONS,
[W. W. THaypr, Superintendent. ]
There was a further decrease in the number of whitefish and lake-
trout eggs secured from Lakes Michigan and Huron, two causes for
which are assigned—the State laws and inexperienced and unreliable
spawn-takers. Under the present laws fishermen are permitted to
use an unlimited number of nets alge the fishing season and are
not required to make any provision for the salvage of ripe eggs taken.
34 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
The effect of this is that so many nets are operated by the fisher-
men that they are not able to lift them at proper intervals, and the
fish taken are either dead or the quality of their eggs impaired.
During the spawning season in the fiscal year 1921 there was a
good catch of fish and weather conditions were generally favorable,
but for the reasons stated the egg collections were unsatisfactory,
both as to quantity and quality. This applies to both the lake trout
and the whitefish. The egg collections amounted to 30,876,000 of
the lake trout and 12,080,000 of the whitefish, and all of them were
incubated at the Charlevoix hatchery. The loss on the former
amounted to 59 per cent and on the latter to 51 per cent. The
output of the station was augmented by the transfer of 59,120,000
whitefish eggs from the Put in Bay station and 25,000 steelhead eggs
from the Birdsview (Wash.) field, the fry from both lots entering
into the general distribution.
The pike-perch work on Saginaw Bay was fairly successful, but it
does not represent by any means the potential value of this region
as an egg-collecting field. The spawning season extended from
March 26 to April 16, during which period 284,290,000 eggs were
taken. Of this number 54,050,000 were deposited on the spawning
erounds after being fertilized and 223,200,000 were sent to the De-
troit hatchery of the Michigan Fish Commission for incubation.
The importance of the work in this field has been mentioned on sey-
eral oceasions and funds should be forthcoming to place hatchery
facilities in this field for the full development of the work.
From the Northville station there were distributed 475,000 brook-
trout fry and fingerlings, resulting from eggs purchased of commer-
cial fish-culturists, and 90,500 rainbow trout were produced from
eggs transferred from the West Virginia and Missouri stations of the
bureau. Approximately 31,200 smallmouth black bass reared from
the Northville station brood stock were also distributed, and at the
close of the year there remained in the station ponds about 75,000
bass and 2,000 rainbow-trout fry.
PUT IN BAY (OHIO) STATION.
[S. W. Downinea, Superintendent.]
Owing to quite generally favorable weather conditions in Lake
Erie and to the close cooperation of the commercial fishermen, the
whitefish work of the Put in Bay station resulted very satisfactorily,
though the spawning season was unusually late. Between November
20 and December 12 eggs to the number of 376,500,000 were collected
from fishermen operating in the various fields and placed in the Put
in Bay hatchery. Of these, 141,060,000 were secured in the vicinity
of Port Clinton, Ohio; 93,840,000 at Isle St. George; and smaller
numbers from the fisheries around Toledo, Middle Bass Island, and
Catawba Island. In the former prolific whitefish field near Monroe
Piers, Mich., no eggs whatever were obtained, as fishing operations
were brought to a close very early in the spawning season by a heavy
and protracted wind and rain storm which came on just as prepara-
tions had been completed for the penning of the partially ripe fish.
Shipments of green and eyed eggs aggregating 139,870,000 were for-
warded to various State and Federal hatcheries and 7,000,000 fer-
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 35
tilized eggs were deposited on the reefs where taken. The remaining
stock produced 167,500,000 fry, which were liberated on the spawning
grounds in the lake, care being taken to scatter them over as wide an
area as possible. The incubation period was shortened by the un-
EA mild winter, averaging only 119 days, in a mean temperature
of 382° F.
The high-water temperatures prevailing during most of the winter
brought on a run of pike perch in March, and some of the commer-
cial fishermen reaped very good returns during the latter part of
that month. No spawning fish were in evidence in March, however,
and the run throughout the entire season was characterized by the
very small number of spawners included in it. Egg-collecting oper-
ations extended from April 5 to April 24, but the number of eggs
taken was proportionately small. Despite the fact that the fisher-
men were willing and anxious to act on any suggestion with a view
to obtaining good eggs, the quality of the eggs was uniformly poor,
being about the poorest, in tact, ever noted in eggs handled at the
station. The total of 111,600,000 laid down in the hatchery yielded
only 12,600,000 fry. These were strong and active, however, and
the entire output was liberated in good condition on the spawning
grounds in the lake.
Soon after the middle of May the carp propagation work, inaugu-
rated, two seasons ago in connection with the Port Clinton fisheries,
was taken up, a small hatching battery for the purpose being set up
in one of the fish houses at that point. During the egg-collecting
period, extending from May 23 to June 11, spawn takers made daily
visits to the fishing grounds to take eggs from the ripe fish landed
in the seines, liberating at the same time the fry hatched from earlier
lots. The catch of carp was below that of a normal season, but the
egg collections were considerably larger than in either of the two
previous seasons, the total amounting to 74,325,000. From this stock
63,325,000 fry were hatched and planted on the spawning grounds
in the Portage River, between Port Clinton and Oak Harbor.
During the fall, arrangements were made with local fishermen on
Lake Erie to save all smallmouth black bass taken in their seines
- and hold them in live boxes until a sufficient number could be secured
to warrant a shipment. By this means 805 adult fish of that species
were collected during October and forwarded to various pond fish-
cultural stations of the bureau to serve as a brood stock.
CAPE VINCENT (N. Y.) STATION.
[J. P. Snyper, Superintendent. ]
During the first half of November lake-trout eggs to the number
of 549,000 were taken at points on Stony Island, N. Y., and Pigeon
Island, on the Canadian side of Lake Ontario. As is usual at that
time of the year, stormy weather was encountered and all of the
eggs were obtained during but four days of weather suitable for
fishing. Thirty-nine thousand eggs were shipped to applicants, and
of the 450,000 fry hatched from the remainder 80,000 were furnished
for stocking interior waters in the State of New York and 370,000
were returned to Lake Ontario waters. Collections of whitefish
eggs from Lake Ontario amounted to 150,200,000,
86 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
The collecting operations for both lake trout and whitefish were
conducted in American and Canadian waters under the same co-
operative agreement that was effective last season. In Canadian
waters the work was handicapped by lack of a suitable boat, making
it necessary to plant on the spawning grounds immediately after
fertilization 29,650,000 of the eggs taken at Deseronto and Big
Island. Canadian hatcheries received 30,000,000 of the eggs ob-
tained, in accordance with the terms of the agreement; 29,300,000
were turned over to hatcheries of the New York Conservation Com-
mission and 1,000,000 were diverted to the Washington exhibit.
The remainder were incubated at the Cape Vincent station and the
resulting fry planted in Lake Ontario waters. Egg collections of
cisco (lake herring) from Ontario waters totaled 317,200,000, of
which 73,200,000 were obtained in Canadian waters at Deseronto and
Bygotts Point, The fisheries authorities of Pennsylvania and New
York received 104,410,000 and 65,000,000, respectively; 17,100,000
fertilized eggs were planted on the spawning grounds, and the fry
hatched from the remainder were returned to Lake Ontario waters.
During the spring a small number of brood yellow perch were
obtained from trap nets set in the St. Lawrence River, and from the
15,000,000 eggs thus secured 11,000,000 fry were hatched and _ re-
turned to the St. Lawrence River. A consignment of 8,000,000 eyed
pike-perch eggs received from the Lake Champlain hatchery yielded
for distribution 7,970,000 fry of excellent quality, an usually high.
percentage. In addition to the commercial species enumerated
150,000 rainbow-trout eggs from the bureau’s Virginia station and
approximately 450,000 brook-trout eggs from commercial dealers
were incubated and the fry distributed to applicants in New York
State. :
A boat suited to the needs of the station was obtained by transfer
from the Navy, but because of the time consumed in making needed
repairs to motors was not available for service during the past
season. When fully equipped, this boat will add much to the pro-
ductivity of the station, being particularly valuable in connection
with the whitefish and cisco work in Canadian waters.
SWANTON (VT.) SUBSTATION.
[A. H. Dinsmorn, Superintendent. ]
The work at this point is conducted cooperatively with the State
of Vermont. During the operating season of 1921, extending from
March 2 to May 10, pike-perch eggs to the number of 112,312,500,
also 43,950,000 yellow-perch eggs, were secured for incubation. The
winter being unusually mild, the Missisquoi River was open at an
early date. Nets were set during the first part of March and hauled
at frequent intervals at the various points to anticipate the presence
of fish. The first pike perch were taken at Sandy Point March 25 and
at Campbell’s on April 4. Three trap nets were in operation at the
mouth of the river, but the results from their use would not appear
to warrant their continuance. All fish taken were immediately trans-
ferred to the inclosure for ripening, but because of low water stages,
resulting in an improper circulation of water through the inclosure,
the mortality was high, and all brood fish on hand were released on
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 37
April 20. A cold spell in April, following the warm weather of
March, caused a protracted incubation period for the pike-perch
eggs. In this connection it is interesting to note that while the egg
collections were made during the period from April 6 to 20 there
was very little difference in the dates on which any lot of eggs
reached the eyed stage or completed incubation. The eggs were of
extremely poor quality, the loss during incubation being in excess
of 77 per cent.
Collections of yellow-perch eggs were in progress from April 21 to
April 23. Of the 48,950,000 taken 12,000,000 were delivered to the
State hatchery at Burlington, Vt. The remainder were incubated
with but slight loss. Upward of 33,000,000 of the pike-perch eggs
were shipped to applicants, 14,700,000 going to hatcheries in the
State of Vermont.
PROPAGATION OF YELLOW PERCH, BRYANS POINT (MD.) STATION.
[L. G. Harron, Superintendent.]
Fish-cultural operations were undertaken at this point on March
1, the work being addressed to the propagation of the yellow perch.
Between the 3d and the 10th of March 18226 brood fish were taken.
Spawning occurred between the 10th and the 23d of March, resulting
in a total collection of 172,630,000 eggs of excellent quality. Of
these 2,600,000 were shipped to Washington, where they served as
an exhibit during incubation, the fry being used to supply appli-
cants in Virginia. The remaining eggs were incubated in the hatch-
ery, producing 158,819,450 fry, which were planted on the spawning
grounds,
MARINE FISH CULTURE.
The season’s work in this field may be considered satisfactory,
the output of eggs and fry comparing favorably with that of the
year previous. While there was a falling off of nearly 50 per cent
in the output of cod as compared with last year, this is compensated
for by satisfactory increases in the production of other species, not-
ably the haddock. The work during the past season was extended to
include the pole flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), a species
not previously propagated. This fish, locally known as the “gray
sole,” has only recently been introduced in the markets of New Eng-
land. Its existence in these waters has long been known, but pre-
vious to the use of the otter trawl in the shore fisheries it was not
generally known to fishermen. Because of its small, weak mouth
it was not taken on the trawl lines. It has since proved to be a
popular fish, commands a high price in the markets, and a fishery
of importance is being built up in connection with it.
Inadequate funds have prevented the development of possibilities
for valuable work in the conservation of the large number of eggs
of the marine fishes that are annually lost in connection with
commercial fishing. Such work has now been undertaken on a
limited scale by placing spawn takers on the fishing vessels operating
in the offshore fisheries, to strip the mature eggs from the fish taken,
fertilize, and return them immediately to the water. The work is
considered of special value, since it deals with the conservation of
vast quantities of eggs of the cod and haddock which have heretofore
been annually destroyed.
88 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES,
BOOTHBAY HARBOR (ME.) STATION.
[E. E. Hawn, Superintendent. ]
Fish-cultural work at this station during the year was addressed °
to the winter flounder and the pollock and resulted in an output of
841,235,000 and 11,906,000 of the respective species. The pollock fry
were produced from eggs collected in the Gloucester fields and rep-
resent the first really successful attempt to make long-distance ship-
ments of pollock eggs. Collection of flatfish eggs was commenced
February 23 and continued to April 22. . Oct.8 to Feb. 2. -~-..5---- 49 42
Steelhead salmon.... -....) Mar. 10 to May 28.-.-.-..-.-.- 42 45
>
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 73
SPAWNING SEASONS OF FISHES HANDLED AT STATIONS, ETC.—Continued.
PACIFIC SALMON STATIONS—Continued.
Water tempera-
tures, °F.
Station. Species. Spawning season.
meen, | End of
season, | Season
Clackamas, Oreg..........- Chinook salmon..........- Sept. 19 to Nov. 15........ 56 48
Upper Clackamas. ..... Chinook salmon, spring | Aug. 25 to Sept. 24........ 59 60
run.
Little White Salmon...| Chinook salmon..........- Sept. 19 to Oct. 14......... 47 46
Chum salmon...........-- Oct. 28:to Dee. 2-.:....... 42 39
Silver salmon............-. Nov. 26 to Dec. 2.......... 41 39
Big White Salmon. .... Chinook salmon........... Sept. 19 to.Oct, 15:........ 47 47
Rogue River..........- Blackspotted trout........ Mar. 29 to May 12........-. 40 46
cake salmon, spring | Aug. 11 to Oct. 15......... 56 40
Silver salmon..........-.. Oct. 10 to Nov. 25......... 45 40
Steelhead salmon........-. Feb. 26 to May 10......... 40 46
Applegate Creek....... Chinook salmon......-.... Nov.ito/ Deer. i ...-.--- 42 40
Silver salmon............- Nov. 13to Mars t.......... 40 40
Steelhead salmon.......... Jan. 5 to May 19..........-. 37 50
eel EE VORS os boy GO sore 8. soph. - eas oe May 10 to June 2.......... 48 62
Salmon, Idaho......... “Chinook salmon, spring | Aug. 14 to Sept. 15.......-. 63 60
run.
Baird, Calif.:
Battle Creek..........-. Chinook salmon.........-.. Oct. 19 to Nov. 14........- 48 49
LOS date abl airy paid Boe cidny devon scdeus s Oct. 26 to Nov. 18.......-. 54 52
GREAT LAKES STATIONS.
Peiath, Minn: Marquette, | Lake trout...............-. Oct: 10it0 NOV. 102 2 5. col anole tel oe ee
— Mich.: Charle- |...... Ci fae ae Rp te TE BREE p. NOV. 190 2b ae oe as 48 45
Puti in "Ba , Ohio:
Catawba Island........ ACRE es ares eee Nov..19. 60 DOs ve cn cswscs 40 41
North Bass Island......|- eal S. eee SA SAE Nov. 1010.20. 2-1 0..-...2. 43 41
Port Clinton..........- ee Me She Beige ES ER LTR May 23 to June 13......... « 68 75
La: 9 Call Sa EE tS es Be eee 48 49
ate Oe Re NOVUIS 80 0 ose os nnn oes 40 41
OL Daa a eae e Spey ee Re ee Aprre to 28s 8 ore oo. ic wee 48 49
Cape Vincent, N. Y.:
vibe Point.......... SR ae eae ae cece ree Nov. 22 to Dec. 1.......... 35 32
WHnQOiE Senes a sa bee ae Nov. 100 Pa Fe) ccs 43 34
geon Island.......... Pane tou 2.2. 62. FH Nov: 3 toh. Ae 2)... 50 48
BE PLapdience River ....| Yellow perch.............. May 15 to June 15......... 46 50
- _BRYANS POINT (MD.) STATION.
Bryans Point, Md.......... RS oy) J ne ita alt SAF Del oa Mapif0 10 20- caveeee .. 3s 53 57
me en ap he at a a Apr. 22 to May 9.......... 56.5 57
MARINE STATIONS.
Boothbay Harbor, Me Mar. 10 to Apr. 22......... 36 45
Gloucester, Mass. .........- Cod ..| Jan. 15 to Apr. 29... 38 48
Jan. 22 to Apr. 25......... 36 46
May 22 to end ofsummer, i) eee aac
probably.
Nov. 15 to Jan. 21... 46 36
.-| Mar. 18 to Apr. 22. 40 46
Woods Hole, Mass......... Cod Nov. 26 to Feb. 4. 45 34
Jan. 16 to Mar. 30......... 38 43
NEW ENGLAND SALMON AND TROUT STATIONS.
Berkshire, Mass............ TFOOM Gtivaet 3 «2 en deess Oct. 21 to Nov. 10......... 44 44
Rainbow trout............ Dec. 22 to Jan. 20.......... 44 40
Craig Brook, Me............ Atlantic salmon........... Oct. 20 to Nov. 12......... 55 46
Green Lake, Me............ Landlocked salmon....... Nov. 10to Dec. 1.......... 48 37
iL eat: SE ee Apr. 20 t0 22.........----- 51 51
Grand Lake Stream....| Landlocked salmon....... Oct. 31 to Nov. 28.........- 54 36
5 a | i. See ees DORN o bb ove cle sone’ Nov. 3to Dec. 20.......... 48 47
Rainbow trout............ Nov. 3 t0 Dee 23.. ....552- 48 46
St. Johnsbury, Vt.......... be i Se oe Oat,.16 to Nov... s2..20- 54 43
| LAROTOOUU Mads deivsescees|scses Di avirw ss eid ahudueawins t 54 43
74
s
U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
SPAWNING SEASONS OF FISHES HANDLED AT STATIONS, ETC.—Continued.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN TROUT STATIONS.
SeSeeaeaeaeaeaeaeoeoeaeaoa—Oo——wae@qoo“$»@amRyqxyzwuw9WTOOOO a
Water tempera-
Station.
Species.
Bozeman, Mont.:
Meadow Creek, Mont..
ee Park, | Blackspotted trout........
yo.
Leadville, Colo............. Brookitronte..00% -2 2 dae
Saratoga, Wyo.............|.---- GOL he ete es ccn
Rainbow trout............
Loch Leven trout.........
Spearfish, S. Dak.......... Brook trout, brood stock. .
Springville, Utah:
Fish Lake. .....2....2%
Loch Leven trout, wild
fish.
Rainbow trout, brood
stock.
Spawning season.
Apr. 15 to June 10.........
June 13 to July 22.........
Oct.,10:to Deen Tet .-.e
October and November...
April and Ma
October and November. - -
Oct. 25 to Jan. 14
Oct. 16'to'Deeri2-. 2... <2.
Jan. 18 to Mar. 20.........
tures, °
Begin- |-
ning ot | nd of
season $
43 54
40 55
40 32
51 41
48 54
51 41
46 44
46 45
44 39
42 42
42 42
FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.
Manchester, Iowa.,...-...-
LCST LT fe) ce ees See
White Sulphur Springs,
W. Va.
Wytheville, Va............
Cat Dee ek aan dad aebes «nee
Largemouth black bass....
Rainbow, trout..2<..---...
Smallmouth black bass....
Punishss see a2ek Pon
Yellow perch. .............
Brook router -ooRe- 5 -c ~ se
Largemouth black bass....
Rainbow trout......------
ROCK DASS:5-Sc4n.fete- eee
Crappie
Largemouth black bass...
Rainbow trout........-..- November to February..--
ROCK DasSiscovwasbes--2>-- Apr 2) to, julyl8- |. -2-.- =
Smallmouth black bass.-.-.| Apr. 22 to June 10.-......--
S]Hi it ee Oe ees Sees May 10 to Sept. 1..-.......
Wellow perchtes-e ee ADAG CO Os pheteeines ence
Brook trout..........-.--- Nov. 15 to Dee. 13.........
Largemouth black bass....| May 1 to 25...-...---.---.-
Rainbow drgat Me 8 SE oa Nov. 11 to Jan. 31.........
FROCE DaSS sess pn se eis May 1to June 15.....-..-..
Smallmouth black bass:...| May 1't0 25.......-.....-..
Sun fishisieasinesaseewawee se May 1to June 15......----
Largemouth black bass....| Apr. 15to June 20.....-..-.-
Rainbow trout...........- Oct. 20'to, Mar... sc ..ca
Bock ase". Aye. s-besesoe Maytovuly.. ce. seee set
Smallmouth black bass....| Apr. 15 to June 20......-.-.-
Sint 2 kes oe May toJuly.i: site coe
Oct. Ato Vansls 5 oat. <5
Marvy st-toniuly lectect. cere
June lt to,Oct..20 72 -F...5-.
Apr: 15'to. June le. Stas
Ov.1 to Jan. 152. oo
May ito Sept: 1ee.c..-
Apres toned e beeebe
May 1 to Sept. te. -).- 2...
Mar. 1 to Apr: 30-2325. 2
Nov’. 260° DeC ges sp eae
May 15to Junel.......-..
Dec..22 tor Apr; 49>-).. 4. - =
May 15 to Junel..........
Apriland May.........---
Apr.'8to Jume2gpe. = 2.
POND FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.
Cold Springs, Ga.........--
MUBNTOUS IN. Cn2ss> cee c mse
Louisville, Ky........-..-.
Mammoth Spring, Ark...-.
CALISDEG AP adaettat 6 -cccae
Crappie
Sunfish
Lar poront black bass. .
GUUS ee eee ao eee
Lar; eiath black bass... Apr. 7 to 24.
BOCK, DSSS saat ssa -b abcess Apr. %4 to June 1 r
smallmouth black bass....] Apr.14to May 2...
BODES Da: Akomcle oy swag
ae perch. "PE TB OE PBOR
Rock
Largemouth black bsss.... alee. 15 to July 15
Bwnalimouth black bass....] Mar. 28 to ae A be
May 1 to June 30....
Apr. 1 to June30.
Apr.1 to July 31.
“| ta
r.20 to June 15
June 1to July 15
aes 25 to June 30
May 1 to Junel..
54 53
54 54
54 54
54 55
53 53
54 54
54 55
54 54
54 54
50 50
50 50
50 60
50 50
57 57
57 58
57 57
57 58
57 58
57 58
57 57
53 50
64 73
53 49
67 75
64 73
67 75
60 60
54 54
60 60
60 60
60 60
64 80
61 80
64 72
61 72
64 80
74 80
60 64
64 76
60 61
68 85
58 58
59 60
67 64
=
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 75
SPAWNING SEASONS OF FISHES HANDLED AT STATIONS, ETC.—Continued.
’
POND FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS—Continued.
Water tempera-
tures, °F.
Stations. Species. Spawning season. Be
2egin | End of
niet season.
Orangeburg, §. C........... Ort 1 Tee i ea ig Apr. 25 to June 30.22. -.-- 74 78
ae 2 bas iy ee Bie Apr. 10 to June 30.......-.. 70 78
s outh black bass....| Mar. 15 to June l.......... 63 76
SIPS ess Vast ae tak Dito s o0. o 3. -5,.= 68 7
San Marcos, Tex..........-. Crappids iis. A Le a5: March through June, |.......-..|-.--------
mainly.
Largemouth black bass....| Whole year, but mainly |..........|....--.---
March through May.
RSMAS oon ot 5 ies cas soe Wihole vent. .J28-o5..s0.2 ie Pees a sec [easneae te
Dapelo, Miss 66.6 wen. ose CADIS once wewtn vee « comin Apr. 5 to- May: 202.5 ....4.- 68 77
rok et black bass...-| Mar. 15 to Junel.......-... 69 82
Pojytici cl Bae ee op A Apr. 14 to June 20......... 63 8
Fish Food Used at Fish-Cultural Stations.
AMOUNT AND COST OF FISH FOOD USED.
The ideal condition sought by all fish-culturists is a water area
so arranged that a natural food supply is available when needed, but
from our present knowledge the ideal is impossible of attainment in
most cases and artificial feeding must be resorted to. In the rearing
of fish under artificial environment, therefore, the problem of a sat-
isfactory food supply at a reasonably low cost is ever present.
The following table gives for the fiscal year 1921 the number of
pounds and the cost per pound of artificial fish food used at the
various fish-cultural stations during the fiscal year 1921;
PoUNDS AND Cost PER PouND or FisH Foop Usep, Fiscau Year 1921,
PACIFIC SALMON STATIONS. is
F 7 Canned Frozen salmon
Station. Salted salmon. dalnriont eggs. Beef liver.
Giaseksiiceke ren Pig Lbs. Cost. Lbs. | Cost. Lbs. Cost.
1 EP, S -- - e UO, CR RSS, SS | oa oh ered o> Pod <@ | enbinidaie el eee alles ot dope
Yes Ba A ARRAS 558d Sp Sindee sn aie 600 FOB cee ade] Soe 35 in| ae oo ~/asnllm Saeed: |e eon iere | ae eee
Baker Lake and substations, Wash...| 1,215 GODT WSeweencs| ose ecules ese. sce] ea ee ones 114 $0.15
Quinault, Wash. .........s see. LESS Chee ts ees ee oe eee RC a) pe 54 Ors 2
Clackamas, Oreg., and substations. ..| 43,200 | [03 | 9,000 | $0.001 | 9,440'| $0.04 °]72222772)22727777
Baird, Calif., and substations... .. OOO | becca Oliar | Saeen ss ul Sew. foeligtapt cols. Sepp 880 11
UIA.) . 0200 205 a wh Sera 9,000 |........ | 9,440 |. 22.2204 904 | Bie
Station. Beefspleen. | Pork liver. Milk. ws
Lbs. Cost Lbs. Cost. | Gals. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost.
Pay RIOR eo uene sat asic rnatelabceeieubde os 4 avesus<|<0sseeraleespeteeetas aa'de
MRR IQR 8 4 Akh no xnniatdes an 2laato tere IRE he ed Mey dal easy gdh sight weit Saale sv aawe s
Baker Lake and substations, Wash ..| 2, 886 $0; 06st lea’. 3. >is 176: | $0) 26" |. eta dteat ye.
MPU VF BERL 5 Seo sinia asaeed slave ade |oe sao oe £260 |" $0500). b eeceslenns Bo ie Os a en ees
Clackamas, Oreg., and substations. ...| 10,395 A eee MP be erat een. esr (o eR LEI Cheese
Baird, Calif., and substations. .......|........ daa poe Pedimeb'd ds |- «=n od labibel spinal este aback 760 | 20.03
ie
76
PouNDS AND Cost PER PoUND
Ws
BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
or FisH Foop Usep, FiscaL YEAR 1921—Continued.
NEW ENGLAND SALMON AND TROUT STATIONS.
Station. Beefliver. | Beefhearts.| Beefspleen.| Sheep liver. | Pork liver. | Fishotine.
Berkshire trout hatch- | Lbs. | Cost.| Lbs. | Cost.| Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost.
ery, MasS.....:....--- TeS8GF SIS [5 scee desde. 4,100 |$0.05 | 372 |$0.05 | 347 [$0.07 |......|.....-
Craig Brook, Me......-.. 192 ot Pes Se Bee Be ec Pence eased seetars|semcsajrcteGe-|[of 0 sioo. 2. -
Green Lake, Me......... 352 SION SR aoale Wace: sees le oie 80 | .07 170: |, 0% |22eame| ees
INGSHASIN, bloc oo eee 1, 263 08')]' 225° 1$005" | 225 cc} ses. 1,337 | ..04% | 512°) 06" |aescalee cee
St. Johnsbury, Vt......- Cc, fe Asia eee bee ONE Bima an erie Herta) Sect haem Mcciconc 57 | $0.09
Hl Lo) 2 WES ee 3, 8924 |....-. AN Ys Re 4100 | Secon nD 3} Yl Mage a Se if OZOM ie cma Of |.aaese
ROCKY MOUNTAIN TROUT STATIONS.
Station. Beefliver. | Beefhearts. | Beefspleen. | Sheep liver. | Wheat chop.
Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost.
Bozeman, Mont............... 92640" $0: 09. 9|=-# ho. .c] Bete s en's como eceeeea| emcee 2 Smim oatel) ae sicte sl eee
Leadville; Colo:- sso s:csseesse: 32) 2124-1 2; 711 (SOs08t |. wos af ecenealoa kes Sec cecs eee eee
Spearfish, S. Dak............. DPT) 2 wal) LS ASO) I Mienhd oO ere eee eerie 2,680 1$0. O74 |-.5----|op--eeo
Springville, Utah. 245242 4,234] .07 | 1,018 | .07 | 1,770 | $0.05 | 8,064] .06 | 4,000 | $0.034
Baratopa, Wiy0--s-cerrcc ro eos BS 90 | 6S [mess cafagemnctte lens acme seesere 204, ee esces| aoe
Totals: ..23-¢-ceeeeer | ER Re Aa a 5000, |scive c 17 70r nate We 579' lene ssae 4; 000)|-oaeeee
COMBINED TROUT AND POND FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.
Station. Beef liver. Beef hearts. Sheep liver. Sheep hearts.
re
| Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost..| Lbs. | Cost.
MEE Wilts WOU cc ccc. ciccc ct cece eeetee erence iad ets 2,896 | $0. 0: 6, 431°) '$0:062 oes elo eee
Manchester, jlowa-ct¢> 7-420. Ab. dens. 2h0)4- eo dadg 2, 637 - 064 | 13, 697 J0BK TSF ECE Bate
Naosho, Mz o.....< 235s snap seeee oeels eo Pare 385 - 064 | 10, 919 404 |pes se... a| pepe
White Sulphur Springs, W. Va... 74 | $0.09} 2,903 a 21, 3874 . 04 8,275 | $0. 044
WV PET OVINLOR V8 = 25 -Ccpae BoceSes e eee et ede on 2, 705 - 08: 6, (06 C5) opp: 2 ato pepe
Motal:-...2.4.{/ 20 2xneyet Tanck tsa re 11,526 |.....--. 59/3164 |. !2-2.-¢ 8) 275 aseesede
Station. Ny rd Meatein. Azotine. Shorts
s
Lbs. Cost. | Lbs. Cost. | Lbs Cost. Lbs. Cost.
Mar witl, HON. 0s n25- oop cece teeta cts oe 96 h i z .
Manchester; lows: 2-2-2. o.-52e-trse-|eo- -oneelo-et geen
Neosho; M02. 35 oss a8 De cae Sea Sele cee cae lasin boca
White Sulphur Springs, W. Va......- 96 A
WEN GNOVINO SING 5. 2-2. os tpg ce ee eee | Ee Reas| eo ten <2 keke eer esses 250 | $0. 073 | 5, 825 - 034
POUR 5 cts 6. eee Seo dees | LOD, Jacies Sates ral PS Sea 200 | eeectons 15; 3254 Dene e.
POND FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.?2
Station. Beef liver. Beef hearts. Fresh fish. Fishotine. Shorts.
Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost. | Lbs. | Cost.
Cold Springs, Ga..:. 2:2 ol se ee 2853 |$0. 08} |5,154 |$0. 164 400 |$0. 094 400 | $0.04
Wdextton, N.C. toss cec. stewie 564 || $0.20") .ccgeetlaowers » 2694 154
MOaisville sh Key. ewww ascn dd (Saves Sp cae 289 AD a epee ocala
Mammoth. Spring, Ark........]......-|-..---- ASB eee 2 | 22s | ete Wn:e [etm
Ordneebure Bs C.2- 0. io cee ae eel Bae 971 (iL) a eeaetece ls Sere eerie fy
Wupelo, Miss 2223532545. 2ssssa A sass | hae dea 1, 908 TS PS tN GEG | Sst yd ee
Wothl:..:..:) 2 He. AS 56} | eran) 3, 900% |....2.- '5, 4234
1 Beefliver and hearts combined.
2 No artificial foods used at the San
Marcos (Tex.) station.
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES, 1921. 77
FOOD FOR BASS.
One of the principal problems encountered at most of the pond
fish-cultural stations pertains to a suitable food supply for both
young and adult bass. At the Cold Springs (Ga.) station fresh
mullet was for a number of years the staple food for the bass, but
this material has not given entire satisfactiony.and recently the price
has been prohibitive. Beef hearts and groupers have been tried, but
the fish show some reluctance in accepting either of these materials.
More recently pork hearts have been tried with very satisfactory
results.
TESTS WITH HERRING MILT AS FOOD FOR RAINBOW TROUT.
During the past year the bureau has purchased several cases of
canned herring milt for the purpose of testing its value as a food for
young rainbow trout. It has been tried at several hatcheries, and
while the results of the tests made in comparison with other foods in
more general use are not necessarily conclusive they seem to indicate
that canned herring milt when used alone is not a satisfactory
article of diet for young trout, though when used in combination
with a meat product it may perhaps be considered a desirable article
for the fish-culturists to keep on hand as an emergency food. It has
the advantage of being easily prepared, does not “ smoke ” or discolor
the water, and will keep for a long period.
A noticeable feature in connection with this experiment is that
for a short period—ranging from 10 to 17 days—the fish receiving
herring milt exclusively appeared to thrive equally as well as those
receiving a meat diet and the mortality was not greater, but beyond
that time the death rate increased so rapidly that in most cases the
experiments were discontinued, as it appeared that none of the fish
would survive under the treatment. A change to the usual foods ap-
pears to have restored normal conditions among the fish.
The tabulated statement of the results of these tests in feeding
may be of interest. Rainbow trout were involved exclusively, and
in each instance the fish had not previously received artificial] food.
RESULTS oF TESTS WITH HerrRING Mitt As Foop rork RAINnBow TrRovT.
ERWIN (TENN.) STATION.
{Test continued for 16 days—-2,500 fish per trough.]
Weight per 1,000 fish—
i Loss per
Trough yar 1,000 fish
num- Food used. At be- | ay pe Gained | ‘4 uring
> ginning of of test during test.
test. ¢ test.
Ounces. | Ounces. | Ounces. | Per cent.
Agi obp> pret hheartsvicsiy. 23th): ship. Bod sa cried. wo Plo 6 8
Wired | Canmed herring mitt eee 6 | 7 1 214
78 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
RESULTS OF TESTS WITH HERRING Mitr As Foop ror RAINBow Trout—Contd.
NEOSHO (MO.) STATION,
[Test continued for 30 days—2,000 fish per trough.]
Weight per 1,000 fish.
Trough So I a eS or
fey cigiaety OuE At be- || Atend Gained during
; ginning 0 uring est.
test, | Of test. | “tos
Ounces. | Ounces. | Ounces, | P er cent.
ieee ome Canned herring milt 3 days, beef hearts 3 days, alter-
aay SIE SEEN SAPS She Bh SA hepa i 6 124 64 ly
a aa Canned herring milt 3 days, sheep liver 3 days, alter-
midtelpye (22 CLE fe - Soi Ese Mw «Riaftle aide at, SADE 6 114 54 5s
Siasace Beet Heart « Jone ce ncierianae 100
Missouri:
Buffalofish 8, 395
(Cha See pang sosice 19, 684
(atfish=sa2seceee se 269, 638
Crappie. 22--5--6-s- sees 130, 570
DTU Foto ta ene etait Sea
Largemouth black bass... .-.--- 21, 361
Pik@ perch ese sen eeeee r= eres 470
Rainbow trout. ........--------- 59, 329
Rock bass..-..--...------------- 4,125
Smallmouth black bass. -..------ 2, 260
SURDUISDL 56 pot neais ain efetel ele ieee 51, 680
Wb DSS! : ae ee eR el
= fa) EE Le
2
é
B
=
3
=
>
Landlocked salmon............-
Largemouth black bass... .-.....
RARO VOROR 5 whee co. eee
Mami OW thoub. 25.02 cs. ses woes
3
=
5
&
8
g
A a eee
North Carolina:
Sa er ra eae
Ls yg Se ES Senne ae meee
Glut
Car
Roc
Ohio:
rok BONG 255. ee. eats.
po, ere sae
Roe
Number. State and species.
Ohio—Continued.
7,400 Yell
600 low perch? 27°27. 2oaceses ee
400 || Oklahoma:
4,040 | Oxtiish Se he
*1,000, 000 | Crappie. foie... ce
71, 050, 000 || Largemouth black bass.......-.
2 300 Rainbow trout’....2.2..~2..22cee
100 Rock bass: -.ccesuscicicnscecte
Gunfight: 6 5 eeee fee ee
+73, 500 Wiellow Werch. 22-2... Sere
492° 000 || Oregon:
3’ 600 lack-spotted trout..........---
3,755 Brook trout..-:-..<.. . othe
900 Chinook salmon.............----
1,400
Lae Rainbow trout... cede
peice
NOMBAPTIGN.. . 55... cs nannesetee
*10, 000 Steelhead salmon...........-....
1446, 000 || Pen nsylvania:
42,000 Brook Outs < 2002554. ose eee
100
7,200 Carpe ee) op ee ee eee
*121, 210,000 Cattigbe Doe a2 eA eee
789, 800,000 Chinon BALMONS 226 5. eae
750 C1500. ss ae 2s a
*1, 510,000 CHAO e.2-. et
7456, 000 MAKe Trott o¢- 2: asc Sates
5, 550 Landlocked salmon.............
*125, 000 Largemouth black bass.......-..
4,000 1p i a a ee
12, 490 Rainbow trout. . 2:52.25. 2-8 i.
*525, 000 Rock: Dass.2ee 555). cbh ctr anes
$10,495, 800 Smallmouth black bass.........
*10, Steelhead salmon..............-.
765, 100 cl ya eae a eae See
1,900 VCD oe aa a
*199, 000 MONOUN PACH: fo, 20 5. 2g
2,500 {| Rhode Island:
#59, 300, 000 PITOGNG LOUIE a= S226 oc ne = bho oe bn
741, 100, 000 Flounder (winter)...............
+13, 700, 000 Largemouth black bass.........-
3,700 Smallmouth black bass..........
South Carolina:
253, 500 MEPREIDIO Soo. cu Wate trae oan
Largemouth black bass..........
$43, 815, 000 inainbow trout. ---...2o2s.cca82
75, 500 PASE ron. bi oh cen un See ce AN
102, 580 |} South Dakota:
453, 100 TS TOORMGE OI Gen sited oe cco nts ogee
11, 200 CACIAN. nos teas Sees
715, 756, 000 ROLE = 2c terns Born eee
1,635 Loch Leven trout...............
20, 184, 000 TAKS thOMtdiss 13 ce eee
27,520 Largemouth black bass..........
Bambow trout... .<¢-s-ccaensore
5 Sash: (532-2 Ss eee
300 || Tennessee:
500 PATGOK WOU bss.» vuic De wn ahd See
6,380 CE RES Ae ee
400 SEDO <5 Sees sa sore ee eee
Largemouth black bass
, Baeinbow trout: ...wicoces soe eoe ne
$63,325, 000
6,375 ESCM ISB. tebe a= 4 tttn matin oo
1, 800 Salih out black bass...
14, 380 BTR PER NS nic cote ans ae cle Pe
$12,600, 000 Yellow perches .2i 142g 234...
410,000 || Texas:
600 Prd Seed tie pn te aa eee
6,300} . | Crappie....-...:.-.---+-: a4.
10, 570 tar emouti black bass.
*30, 640,000 Roe 608 29444; %p-hoee
67,500,000, _ Stina. | oo veenamereh soos
{
Number.
E
*
—
PVE BSwp
SSS55 SESSEUEE SS
2
—
mons
~
Rese Hee,
SSSSSSRSES8
~
_
Sa
3
i—)
74, 872
86
U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
SUMMARY, By SPECIES, OF DISTRIBUTION oF FISH AND Hees, Erc.—Continued.
[Asterisk (*) denotes eggs; dagger (t+), fry; all others are fingerlings or yearlings.]
UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES—Continued.
State and species.
Utah:
Blackspotted trout..........-.--
IBTOOK tht 2 an Seno eee
DIN HLL Wie Ba a ee ee I ie
TARO ONG <2 02. seeedeseseees
RAIN DOWIELOUL- == 555 cnn sae caace
Whitefish .........ssulgeatel sts
Vermont:
STOOK WOU tip 55.secsaccesssateed
ake troutss2-ssic2ccsssscct ees
Landlocked salmon..........---
Pekpiperen === -25.2252+cshs eee
Ban bow tlOul... -<--- css. - -teges
Steelhead salmon..........-.----
Wellow perch..-....-<+-= 42st hes
Virginia:
POOL Wb cc os nieeanee=sis.o-ae
Largemouth black bass... ....--- {
HEIKO DOLCN is i. cctcctceccsees sean
ain DOWAPEOUE St csccaxccewcstiat
Weock DaSS-=<=<-<. -ac.c--.'ce eee
Rainbow trout....:.:-.-22.-14.-
Pilver salmon. oS. .cccdieteeeee oe
oH
Country and species.
Canada: !
Blackspotted trout........-.-.--
MAINIbOW{TTOUU..2 sees 28 ceen te ae
WEnILenah. 55 cw. oo ceccrteen cote
Number. State and species. Number.
ate Washington—Continued. ai
, 8, 000,
188, 300 Sockeye salmon...--.-.--------- ' 3) 457, 000
2, 250 * 49, 000
*50, 000 Steelhead salmon..-_...--...--.- + 15, 000
161, 000 1, 603, 550
7100, 000 || West Virginia:
Brook trout...2..-.------.-aeeees 212,815
+591, 400 Oni as ERE Re ASR See SReS Sheer 8,100
89, 200 Crappie. t s-mrise deoen -ec oc ee 2, 700
sae nah Largemouth black bass......--- t uA op
Aire Rainbow trout: :2:- 22a nesses 181) 100
#20, 000 ROCK. PASS'=2 +c - 222155 2eeeeeee eee 0 175
6, 12, 000
#14, 700, 000 Smallmouth black bass... .----- 50
+13, 150, 000 Sunfish. ..--.------+---+-+----+- 3, 400
7 200 CHOW DeLGhe wana. ss eeee ne eee 800
*25, 000 || Wisconsin: 000
6, 320 + 103
#12. 000. 000 Brook trout.....----------+--+-- 655, 355
600. Buffalofish.<-t. 2. ese. Jett Sas 799, 520
+2, 600, 000 ,
(6: (a Ces ee eee eS | 2, 009, 104
118, 350 CRTC OR: HeR PRESS re eS amen m= Kote 18, 580, 500
ee Crappie. (eck secxrccececuscemeewe 14, 470, 840
1,300 Drum 11} 960
160/000 Jel aes: anda t 512’ 000
+15, 000 » ake TOU. <2. _ " jam % .
beahdesinmihatsandeded
: holsstagataen eee rie ner nah ether yeni ss
septate sn rchane negate epenateiope chek Ane oe