11 oi:'!!^^^?/!^!!;^^-^^! 1^ Infill If ■jll. il Of IP"^'""'^'" ■ 'V ,.^. Public Document ""■►-••wl s.s4jjgst{j0| SOV DOtf ''LL FIRST ANNUAL EEPOET Commissioner of Animal Industry. 1912. For the Year ending November 30, 1912. BOSTON: WEIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post Office Square. 1913. Approved by The State Board of Publication. ®l)e ^ommontucaltt) of iMa06acl)ii6ett0. Department of Aximal Industry, Boston, Jan. 8, 1913. To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives : — In accordance with the provisions of section 4, chapter 608, Acts of 1912, which act is entitled " An Act to abolish the Cattle Bureau of the State Board of Agriculture, and to create a Department of Animal Industry," I have the honor to present to the General Court the first report of the work accomplished by the new department for the balance of the fiscal year, viz., June 16 to November 30, inclusive, and also the figures showing the work done from Dec. 1, 1911, to June 15, 1912, under the old Cattle Bureau. Before entering upon a classified review of that work, I deem it proper to introduce this initial report with a pref- atory statement of a somewhat general nature that shall serve to acquaint the members of your honorable bodies with the scope and aims of the department, the results already secured by the policy established, and the ultimate objects believed by me to be possible of attainment. On May 20, 1912, the bill establishing the Department of Animal Industry was signed by His Excellency the Gov- ernor, and on May 22, 1912, His Excellency the Governor nominated, and, under a suspension of its rules, the Honor- able Council unanimously confirmed, Fred Freeland Walker of Burlington, who for nearly two years had been Chief of the Cattle Bureau, to be commissioner of the newly estab- lished Department of Animal Industry. Eor the first time in the history of the State the animal industry was by statute distinctly recognized as a factor in the material prosperity of the Commonwealth. Eor the first time the Massachusetts department was placed on the plane established and maintained by the leading States in the Union. By the establishment of this act, which central- 4 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. ized authority and responsibility, supplemented by the ap- pointment of a commissioner who would proceed along practical rather than theoretical lines, breeders of and dealers in cattle and horses, dairymen and farmers were assured of an opportunity to conduct their legitimate business without being needlessly and unreasonably persecuted. The department is endeavoring, while rigidly enforcing the law, to exemplify the policy of " live and let live," to treat the average man as honest, to educate rather than coerce, to suggest rather than command; in short, to substitute instruction and persuasion for persecution and prosecution whenever possible. The power granted to this department in relation to en- forcing sanitary conditions in barns, stables or other build- ings wherein cattle are housed has been exercised with dis- cretion. In a large majority of cases reported, a suggestion has proved to be all that was necessary to secure correction and improvement. The response on the part of owners has been most gratifying to me, so satisfactory in fact that I feel the question of unsanitary farm buildings, where cattle are housed and milk is produced, is being rapidly solved. In my opinion there is no necessity for the several bills that are regularly presented to the Legislature year after year calling for special control of buildings where milk is pro- duced. The work of inspecting such premises is required of this department by law. The department is clothed with full and unmistakable authority to act, and is daily exercising such authority. Unsanitary conditions in all bams are under constant surveillance, and the measures referred to, if en- acted into law, would necessitate a duplication of inspectiouj all of which is in my opinion a division of responsibility, to be avoided whenever possible, and uncalled for. Having been a dairyman for many years, I speak from the vantage ground of practical experience, and I know that the milk raiser of Massachusetts has been the victim of over- inspection in the past, that he has become embittered and despondent, and in many instances has been forced out of business. The diminished herds in Massachusetts and the increased importation of milk tell the story all too well, and 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 5 should serve as arguments against increasing the burden of the producer. I believe that the policy now in operation will restore confidence, add to the wealth of the State, and improve the quality of milk, and thus contribute to the public health. To systematize the work of inspection, not only of cattle but of the buildings in which they were being housed, and to secure uniformity of methods, I caused the State to be di- vided into nine districts, for each of which an inspector is assigned from headquarters. The district agents control the work in their respective districts through the inspectors ap- pointed by local authorities, subject to approval by me. The district agents are directly responsible to this department for faithful discharge of duty. The local men, who cover the entire State, are closely and constantly supersased by the district agents, who are instructed to hold their subordinates to a strict accountability for conditions in their respective localities. These district men are almost without exception veterinarians by profession, and men of scientific equipment supplemented by wide practical experience. They are doing their duty in a most satisfactory manner. To promote a wider acquaintance with duties expected of them, and with existing conditions, and to formulate action that shall be uniform and in harmony with the policy of the department, I have from time to time called meetings of the district agents and local inspectors at central points in the several districts, for consultation, instruction and interchange of ideas. These district schools of instruction have proved most profitable, and have established an esprit de corps that is yielding returns, and must eventuate in an intelligent per- formance of duty and a betterment of conditions all over the State. The attendance at these meetings has been surpris- ingly large, the suggestions ofl:'ered by the head of the depart- ment have been received with eager appreciation, and the discussion evoked has evidenced a widespread interest, and has brought results that have more than met expectations. The department throughout is working with a unity of pur- pose that is full of cheer and encouragement. The' Department of Animal Industry, an infant of a few 6 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. months, is yet in its experimental stage, but it is, I am con- vinced, facing the sunrise. Already the beneficial results of the departmental policy are tangible. I am confident that with encouragement and support, which must follow a cam- paign of education, it will be able to work out the problem of restoring the industry it is charged to defend and protect to its old-time prestige. I look with confidence to see cattle raising in Massachusetts again become a profitable industry; and Massachusetts farm lands, enriched at low cost with fer- tilizing material, yielding bountiful harvests of garden prod- ucts and sweet-scented hay. I can see, if the present policy of friendly suggestion, backed by State authority, is followed, a plentiful supply of nutritious milk produced within State lines, and sent out from barns properly ventilated and lighted, and where the stock is comfortably and healthily housed ; and when that time comes, not through algebraic formula of the theoretical bacteriologist, but by the application of 'New Eng- land common sense, the animal industry of the State will enter upon an era of prosperity. To that end the department is working with all its energies and resources. Appended will be found comprehensive tabulated data of the daily work of the department's agents, as carefully com- piled by the assistants in the office. The figures comprise the work for the entire year, including that done by the Cattle Bureau since its last report was made and prior to the establishment of the present department. Kabies. The following table shows the prevalence of rabies during the year ending ISTov. 30, 1912 : — Dogs. Cattle. Cats. Horses. Goats. Pigs. Killed or died with rabies, . Killed by owners or died in quaran- tine, not rabid. Released from quarantine, . Animals still in quarantine, . 90 47 61 39 6 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 7 Totals 237 8 3 3 2 7 Grand total, .... 260 animals. 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 7 There has been a decrease in the number of cases of rabies from that of last year. The greater number of cases occurred again this year in the IMerrimac River valley, there being 51 cases out of a total of 100 which occurred in towns lying wholly or in part in this valley. Owing to this fact, muzzling orders were issued in Haverhill, Lawrence and Andover, where the principal outbreaks seem to have occurred, in an endeavor to prevent the further spread of the disease. A slight outbreak occurred in Swansea, having been caused by a dog which came over the line from Rhode Island. During the year Dr. Langdon Frothingham has examined the brains of 45 dogs and 1 cow, of which 29 dogs and the cow proved to be positive cases of rabies, and 14 proved to be negative. Two heads of dogs suspected of being rabid were sent in for microscopical examination, one of which was in such bad condition that no diagnosis could be made, and in the other case the diagnosis was questionable. The records show that no less than 32 persons were bitten by rabid animals, or so exposed by handling the same that it was deemed advisable to recommend the Pasteur treatment. Although the number of cases has been somewhat smaller this year than last, the seriousness of this disease should be realized, and all dogs or other animals suspected of having the disease, or of having been exposed to an animal affected with rabies, should be immediately restrained or quarantined, and notice sent at once to this department. In connection with this work the following Order 'No. 4 was issued during the year : — Order No. 4. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Animal Industry, State House, Boston, July 31, 1912. To All Persons whom it may concern: — Cattle Bureau Order No. 14 is hereby revoked. Whereas the disease known as rabies, which is a contagious dis- ease and is so recognized under the laws of this Commonwealth, prevails among dogs in certain sections of this Commonwealth, and whereas it has become necessary to adopt measures for the pre- vention of the spread of said contagious disease, Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority 8 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws and chapter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, I do hereby make the following order and regulation : — Section 1. In any city or town within the limits of this Common- wealth where, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Animal Industry, there is danger of an outbreak of rabies, if the local author- ity, after being notified of such danger and advised by the Commis- sioner of Animal Industry to order all dogs in such city or town properly and securely muzzled or restrained from running at large, under the authority given by section 158 of 'chapter 102 of the Re- vised Laws, refuses or neglects to do so for seven days after such notice, all dogs in any such city or town shall be securely muzzled or restrained from running at large for a period of three months from the date of notice to the local authority. Section 2. Dogs running at large unmuzzled contrary to the provisions of this order shall be killed. Section 3. All dogs and cats known to have been bitten by a dog known to have had rabies, after this order takes effect, shall be killed. Section 4. All persons are forbidden to tamper with or disfignire any notice posted by order of the Commissioner of Animal Industry, subject to the penalty of the law. Fred Freeland Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edward F. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. In September the following circular letter was issued for general distribution, it being similar to one previously issued by tbe Cattle Bureau : — The Commonwealth of MASSACHtrsETi s, Department of Animal Indtjstet, State House, Boston, Sept.JilS, 1912. To the Mayors and Aldermen of Cities, Selectmen of Towns, Boards of Health, Physicians, Veterinarians, Inspectors of Animals, and Others whom it may concern: — Owing to the alarming prevalence of rabies, you are hereby no- tified to strictly adhere to the following rules in dealing with sus- pected cases of this disease : — 1913.1 PUBLIC document — No. qs. 1, Dogs should not be killed. If a person has been bitten by a dog and desires to ascertain whether or not it is rabid, do not kill the dog (unless his extreme violence absolutely necessitates it), but confine him, so that he cannot possibly escape (in a box stall or room, for example). Give him food and water, and notify the Department of Animal Industry immediately. Keep confined for ten days. If during this period of time no symptoms of rabies appear in the animal, there is no danger of the one bitten having been infected; but should characteristic symptoms develop, the person bitten should begin the Pasteur pre- ventive treatment at once. On the contrary, if the dog is killed before symptoms of rabies are evident, the microscopic examination may prove negative or doubtful, and inoculations must be made to prove the existence or nonexistence of rabies. It may take several weeks or months before the result of such inoculations is known; thus much valuable time is lost, and persons bitten must remain in anxious doubt. 2. Bites. Bites of dogs or other animals suspected of being rabid should be treated as soon as possible with strong, fuming nitric acid. The best way to apply the acid is with a capillary glass pipette, which should be inserted to the bottom of all wounds. (If no pipette is at hand, use a wooden toothpick.) In case of severe wounds upon the head or face, it is weU to etherize the patient, that the acid may be ap- plied with the utmost thoroughness and care. Experiments have demonstrated that no other cauterization, not even actual cautery, is as efficacious as nitric acid. It causes no serious local injury, and should be applied even if a day has elapsed since the bite was in- flicted. 3. Destruction of Supposed Rabid Animals. Do not shoot an animal in the head with a shotgun at close range. By so doing the brain will undoubtedly be ruined, and a careful microscopic examination cannot be made. Moreover, a brain thus injured quickly putrefies, especially in warm weather, so that inocu- lations are also impossible. If an animal must be shot, it should be done with a pistol, and the bullet should enter the forward part of the brain, otherwise important regions for examination will be de- stroyed. It is better still, when possible, to shoot the dog through the heart; but where it can be done, chloroforming is preferable to shooting. 10 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. 4. Shippiistg. If a post-mortem diagnosis of an animal supposed to have been rabid is desired, out off the head, keep it cold, wrap it in cloth, pack in a box or pail with plenty of sawdust and ice, and send it to the Department of Animal Industry, State House, Boston, Mass. Ice is most essential in warm weather, and especially in cases where the skull has been fractured and the brain exposed or severely injured, as putrefaction will quickly occur, preventing inoculations should they be necessary. Sawdust, excelsior or waste should be used to prevent the leakage of blood, etc. Avoid shipping so that the head will reach Boston on a Saturday afternoon or the afternoon before a holiday, as it will not be delivered until Monday morning or the morning after the holiday, and much putrefaction will have occurred as the result of remaining so long in a warm express office. If practicable, the head should be kept at a cold-storage plant until shipped. Feed F. Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Glanders. Glanders still exists to an alarming extent in the State. Twelve hundred and ninety-two horses and mules have been reported as suspected of having glanders or farcy, including those dealt with in stable tests. Of these, 831 were killed or died, and were found to be affected with this disease; 376 were released after examination, and 41 were held for further observation. Of the 44 cases held over from last year, 10 were killed or died, and the remaining 34 were released as free from disease, making a total of 841 cases of glanders during the year. Of this number, 395 were reported from the city of Boston. The " complement-fixation " test for the detection of glan- ders has been used quite extensively during the past year, 778 samples of blood having been taken from- 682 horses. Of this number, 129 horses were killed, 6 died, 521 were released and 26 were held over for further test. This test has been found to be very efficient for the quick diagnosis of question- able cases of this disease. During the early part of the year samples of blood were 1913.1 PUBLIC DOCUMENT -^ No. 98. 11 sent for examination to the United States Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, but on account of the necessary delay in getting reports on the same, it was found more prac- ticable to have the test performed by Dr. Langdon Frothing- ham at the Harvard Medical School. By this method a posi- tive diagnosis can be obtained within twenty-four hours of the time of taking the blood sample. The use of mallein has been restricted to those cases in which the diagnosis was still doubtful, and therefore has not been used as extensively as in the past few years. The reports of rendering companies, as required by section 111 of chapter 75 of the Revised Laws, as amended by chap- ter 243 of the Acts of 1907, continue to be of much value in furnishing information of cases of glanders or farcy, which would not otherwise be brought to the attention of the depart- ment, as the following table illustrates: — Beports of Rendering Comp cmies. Number Rendbbing Companies. Number of Reports. Number of Cases. Number in Boston. Number out of Boston. outside of Boston not pre- viously reported. William S. Higgins, Saugus, 2 2 - 2 - Home Soap Company, Millbury, 2 .3 - 3 - Lowell Rendering Company, 1 1 1 - James E. McGovern, Andover, . 2 4 - 4 - Muller Brothers, Cambridge, 14 44 3 41 5 New Bedford Extractor Company, 4 4 - 4 1 New England Rendering Company, Brighton. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Com- pany, Peabody. N. Roy, Jr., Fall River, 15 2 15 40 3 22 16 24 3 22 17 6 N. Ward Company, South Boston, . 24 214 195 19 5 Whitman & Pratt Rendering Company, North Chelmsford. Worcester Rendering Company, . 1 4 2 5 ~ 2 5 2 Totals 86 344 214 130 36 Perhaps the most important feature of the provisions of chapter 608 of the Acts of 1912 Avas the transfer of authority with reference to the control of glanders and rabies in the 12 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. city of Boston to the State Department of Animal Industry, the above-mentioned diseases having been under the control of the local health department of that city since 1898. This transfer of authority materially increased the responsibility of the department. Immediately upon being installed as Commissioner of Animal Industry I realized the importance of the glanders work. I held a conference with the members of the Boston board of health and learned from them, much to my satisfac- tion, that they were willing to co-operate with the State de- partment in an effort to control contagious diseases within the city limits. I then decided that the wisest course to pur- sue was to let the matter of the detail of operation rest for the time being with the Boston board of health, they assuring me that they would continue the work on practically the same lines on which it had been conducted in the recent past. This policy was continued until a comparatively recent date, when it became apparent that the most effective work could be done by placing Boston in practically the same position with refer- ence to the department as are all the other cities and towns of the State. I have since that time conducted a very careful study of the situation, and am at this time convinced that, with the highly satisfactory diagnostic agents at the disposal of the State, together with the advanced knowledge of the control of glanders gained through the wide experience of the eminently qualified corps of veterinarians associated with the department, there will be no more extensive spread of this disease ; and that through the stimulant of a bill to compen- sate owners for horses killed on account of glanders we may reasonably look for a material decrease in the number of horses affected with glanders in this State. After a thorough study of conditions from the standpoint of glanders control, it appears that the act of 1912, creating a law that is uniform in its application, was well justified. The policy in vogue at the present time places the Department of Animal Industry'' in close touch with all cases of animal diseases in all parts of the State. In Boston the work should be particularly effective because of the fact that the men 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 13 performing the function of local inspector of animals are skilled veterinarians, trained in the work of detecting dis- eases among animals. All cases discovered by these men are immediately reported to the State department, as are those found in other cities and towns. To further expedite the control of an outbreak, an agreement has been reached be- tween the authorities of the State and the city of Boston whereby the Commissioner of Animal Industry may authorize these veterinarians to act as agents of the State department in such cases as he may wish to delegate to them. These city veterinarians for Boston are now furnished with the litera- ture issued by the Department of Animal Industry, such as orders, rules and regulations, etc. They now proceed backed by the law of the Commonwealth direct, which makes their position unchallenged from a legal standpoint; and, best of all, this united effort on the part of all authorities establishes a feeling of confidence on the part of the public. During the year the following orders, 'Nos. 1 and 2, re- lating to this branch of the work, were issued by the depart- ment : — Obder No. 1. The Commonwealth of Massachttsetts, Department of Animal Industry, State House, Boston, July 30, 1912. To All Persons whom> it may concern: — Cattle Bureau Order No, 31 is hereby revoked. Whereas the disease known as glanders and farcy, which is a con- tagious disease and is so recognized under the laws of this Common- wealth, prevails extensively among horses and mules in certain sections of this Commonwealth; and whereas it has become necessary to adopt measures for the prevention of the spread of said contagious disease, Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws and chap- ter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, I do hereby make the following order and regulation : — Section 1. Horses or mules kept in stables or upon premises in this Commonwealth may be subjected to such treatment or tests for the detection and diagnosis of glanders as the Commissioner of Animal Industry may deem necessary. Animals reacting to any such 14 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. test or treatment may be held in quarantine, and the owners are for- bidden to sell or dispose of such animals until they are released from quarantine by order of the Commissioner of Animal Industry; but said eom.missioner may give permission to use animals which do not show physical symptoms of glanders or farcy. Animals which develop physical symptoms of glanders or farcy will be killed; ani- mals ceasing to react will be released as soon as, in the opinion of said commissioner, the public safety will permit. Section 2. When an animal affected with glanders or farcy has died, or is killed by order of the Commissioner of Animal Industry, or with the consent of the owner, the stable, shed or inclosure formerly occupied by said animal shall be thoroughly disinfected in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Department of Animal Industry. Section 3. Except with the approval of the Commissioner of Animal Industry, no horses or mules shall be introduced into, sold from or in any manner removed from any stable where animals suspected of being affected with glanders or farcy are under test, or held under observation by order of said commissioner, or into or from any stable the owner or occupant of which has been notified that said stable is infected with glanders or farcy, until said com- missioner has declared said premises free from infection. Section 4. Blacksmiths shall keep their shops free from infec- tion, and, when directed by the Commissioner of Animal Industry or his authorized agent, shall disinfect said shop in accordance with the instructions of said commissioner or his agent. Section 5. In instances where, in the opinion of the Commis- sioner of Animal Industry, the circumstances require it, the proper authorities are hereby ordered to close the public watering troughs when directed to do so by said commissioner, the same to remain closed until he gives permission to reopen them. Public watering troughs in cities or towns where cases of glanders or farcy occur shall be cleansed by the proper authorities of said city or town at least once a week during the summer months. Fred Feeeland Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edward F. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. Order No. 2. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Animal Indtjstry, State House, Boston, July 31, 1912. To All Persons whom it may concern: — Whereas the disease known as glanders and farcy, which is a contagious disease and is so recognized under the laws of this Com- 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 15 monwealth, prevails extensively among horses and mules in certain sections in this Commonwealth; and whereas it has become neces- sary to adopt measures for the prevention of the spread of said contagious disease, Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws and chap- ter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, 1 do hereby make the following order and regulation : — Barns, stables, pastures, yards and all other places where horses, asses or mules are kept shall be maintained in such sanitary condi- tion as the Commissioner of Animal Industry may deem necessary to prevent the spread of contagious diseases among such animals. Fred Feeeland Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edv^ard F. Hamlin", Executive Secretary. Annual Inspection of ISTeat Cattt-e, Fakm Animals, AND Premises upon which the Former are kept. A radical change was made in the form in which the records of the annual inspection were returned to this depart- ment. In January a copy of the following circular letter was sent to each inspector of animals in the cities and towns of the State, together with blank books in which to record the results of their work : — The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Cattle Bureau of the State Board of Agriculture, Room 138, State House, Boston, Jan. 20, 1912. Directions to Inspectors of Animals, In accordance with section 17, chapter 90 of the Revised Laws, inspectors of animals are hereby directed to make a general inspec- tion of all neat cattle, sheep and swine found within the limits of their several cities and towns, such inspection to commence February 1, and to be completed on or before the fifteenth day of March, 1912. If upon examination the inspectors find such animals to be free from contagious disease, they will give the owner or person in charge thereof a certificate of health, as provided for in section 18 of the law, this certificate being taken from the book of blanks (Form No. 2) furnished for that purpose; but if an inspector has reason to suspect the presence of any contagious disease among any species 16 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. of domestic animals, he is to quarantine such animal or animals, and send duplicate copy of such quarantine to the Chief of the Cattle Bureau. Contagious diseases, under the provisions of section 28, chapter 90 of the Revised Laws, include glanders, farcy, mange, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, tuberculosis, Texas fever, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, hog cholera, rabies, anthrax or anthracoid diseases, sheep scab and actinomyco^sis. Books will also be forwarded (Form No. 1) for carrying out the provisions of sections 17 and 24 of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws. This book varies radically from that used at the last inspection. The questions asked may be answered by using a check mark, according to instructions printed at bottom of each page. Ten questions may be answered by checking the word " Yes " or " No." That is, if the answer to question is " Yes," a check mark or cross is to be made on or through the word " Yes." Four questions may be answered by cheeking the proper word in question. That is, question No. 8 reads : "Is stable clean, unclean or filthy?" J£ stable is clean, the word " clean " is to be checked or crossed ; if stable is unclean, the word " unclean " is to be checked or crossed, etc. Two questions, Nos. 9 and 16, require the answers to be written out in full; these refer to disposal of manure and to nature of improvements made in build- ings or surroundings during the past year. It is sincerely hoped that the inspection this spring will be a thor- ough one, and as the questions are more pertinent to the facts which this office requires in order to get a full understanding of the true condition of matters relating to the animal industry of Massachusetts, it is requested that the answers be carefully made. The books necessary for this inspection will be forwarded at once. Form No. 1 is to be returned to this office by prepaid express as soon as inspection is completed. Form No. 2 is not to be returned. Fred Freeland Walker, Chief of Cattle Bureau. The following table embodies a condensed report of the doings of the inspectors of animals in making the annual inspection, which complies with the requirements of section 24, chapter 90, Revised Laws : — Net Besults of Annual Inspection of Animals and Farm Premises. Number herds inspected, 31,070 Number neat cattle inspected, 233,348 Number cows inspected, ....... 166,510 Number herds kept clean and in good condition, . . . 26,374 1913. PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 17 Number sheep inspected, .Number swine inspected, Number goats inspected, Number stables inspected, . Number stables well located. Number stables well drained, Number stables well ventilated, Number stables well lighted, Number stables kept clean, . Number stables with good Avater supply. Number stables improved since last inspection. 25,236 98,836 1,316 32,669 29,733 30,628 29,504 26,865 25,188 27,707 2,068 While in a general way the work of a large per cent, of the inspectors of animals has been highlj^ satisfactory, still there is much to be desired in the way of improvement in this class of work. It can be very truthfulh^ said, however, that in proportion to the compensation received nearly all inspectors have performed their work in a creditable manner. I wish to call your attention especially to the matter of compensation received by inspectors of animals. In practi- cally every individual case the amount received is entirely inadequate for the work demanded of these officials, and there must be a radical change in the amount of compensation allowed before we can properly hope for a material improve- ment in the class of work done; and I earnestly advise that mayors and aldermen of cities and selectmen of towns provide for more adequate compensation for inspectors of animals, and that these officials be chosen with greater care in regard to their efficiency and adaptability for the work to which they are assigned. TrBEECULOSIS. The work for the eradication and control of bovine tuber- culosis can, as usual, be grouped under three heads: iirst, the examination of animals quarantined by the local inspec- tors on suspicion of being diseased, and the appraisal and condemnation of those found by the agents to be tuberculous ; second, the quarantining and testing of cattle intended for dairy or breeding purposes, brought into Massachusetts from other States to the stock yards at Brighton, Watertown or IS ANIMAL INDUSTRY [Jan. Somerville, and those brought in on permits to other points ; third, testing- cattle with tuberculin for owners who are desirous of eradicating the disease from their herds. The following figures show the number of neat cattle quar- antined by local inspectors, the number for which warrants were issued, and the disposition made of the animals : — Total number of cattle quarantined or reported for examina- tion during the year, 3 449 Massachusetts Cattle. Number released, Number condemned, killed and paid for, . Number condemned and killed, in process of settlement, ..,.,. Number permit to kill, paid for, Number permit to kill, to be paid for, . Number permit to kill, no award, . Number died in quarantine, no award, . Number in quarantine, unsettled, 549 1,758 188 160 1 231 62 5 Cattle from witliout tlie State. Number released, 5 Number released for slaughter, ... 1 Number condemned and killed, no award, . 473 Number condemned and killed, no lesions found, paid for, 16 2,954 495 Total, 3.449 Of the above 495 interstate cattle, 364 were tested at Brighton, 1 of which was released for slaughter and 363 con- demned; no lesions were found in 8, for which the State has reimbursed the owners. Of the remaining 131 cattle (which were tested at other points than Brighton), 8 were found to show no lesions, for which the State has reimbursed the owners. In addition to the 3,449 head of cattle disposed of as above, 242 cattle and 66 swine have been reported bv butchers, ren- derers and boards of health as having been found tuberculous at the time of slaughter, all of which were rendered. 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 19 The policy of the Department of Animal Industry in re- gard to the handling of tuberculous cattle is not materially different from that recently adopted by the Cattle Bureau. The department's agents are instructed to keep in mind two things ; in the first place, the control;, and, so far as possible, the eradication of the disease from the herds with which they have to deal ; secondly, the increased cost of milch cows to the dairymen. They urge, and the commissioner instructs, the several local inspectors of animals to use diligence to de- tect the existence of the disease in its earlier stages, in order to prevent, so far as possible, the spread of the disease which would result from contact of well-advanced cases with healthy cattle. When this policy becomes sufficiently established by the exercise of greater diligence on the part of these local representatives, the quality of work done by the department will be materially improved. Under the second group, — the maintenance of a quaran- tine against other States to prevent the introduction of tuber- culous cattle from outside sources into Massachusetts, — the following figures show the number of animals brought in from without the State, and the disposition made of them : — Receipts of Stock at the Watertown Stock Yards, from Bee. 1, 1911, to Nov. 30, 1912. New Hampshire cattle, 7,430 Vermont cattle, . . . 4,877 Massachusetts cattle, 2,192 Sheep, 2,265 Calves, 25,194 Swine, 9,311 Eeceipts of Stock at the New England Dressed Meat and Wool Com- pany's Yards at Somerville, from Dec. 1, 1911, to Nov. 30, 1912.. Maine cattle, 538 New Hampshire cattle, 932 Vermont cattle, 6,452 Western cattle, 26,905 Canada cattle, 6,112 Sheep, 488,783 Calves, 43,922 Swine 1,205,325 20 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. Receipts of Stock at Brighton, from Dec. 1, 1911, to Nov. 30, 1912. Maine cattle, 7,068 New Hampshire cattle, 2,933 Vermont cattle, 3,529 Massacliusetts cattle, 14,370 New York cattle, 24,279 Western cattle, 29,718 Canada cattle, . . . 1,835 Sheep, 18,525 Calves, , . 52,118 Swine, . 75,179 Cattle tested, 13,699 Cattle condemned, 364 Permit to kill, 24 Released after test, ........ 13,311 The cattle upon which a tuberculin test is required are mostly milch cows to be offered for sale at the Brighton mar- ket Wednesdays, besides a few bulls and working oxen. Those animals that come to Watertown or Somerville are taken to Brighton, and all of the testing is done at the stock barn there. The special agent in charge of the quarantine stations at Brighton, Watertown and Somerville has during the past year further demonstrated his ability to successfully cope with the many and varied problems that constantly confront him. It is a well-recogTiized fact that to successfully handle the work at these quarantine stations, in accordance with the provisions of law which govern that work, requires extreme tact and diplomacy. I take great pleasure in saying that, although the work is arduous, and the conditions which con- front our representative are many times of the most trying character, the results attained are most satisfactory, both from the standpoint of the protection thereby afforded to the public health, and the degree of satisfaction felt by the drov- ers and dealers whose business it becomes our duty to regulate. In July the following order ISTo. 5 was issued by the depart- ment : — 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 21 Order No. 5. The CoMMO>rwEALTH of Massachusetts, Department- of Animal Industry, State House, Boston, July 31, 1912. To Transportation Companies, the Brighton Stock Yards Company, and All Persons whom it may concern: — Cattle Bureau Order No. 28 is hereby revoked. Whereas, the disease known as tuberculosis, which is a contagious disease and is so recognized under the laws of this Commonwealth, prevails extensively among cattle in certain sections of the United States, the District of Columbia and Canada, and whereas such localities are, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Animal Industry, infected districts; and whereas it has become necessary to adopt measures for the prevention of the spread of said contagious disease. Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws and chap- ter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, I do hereby make the following order and regulation : — Section 1. No neat cattle brought from any State or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, Canada or any other country without the limits of this Commonwealth shall be brought within the limits of this Commonwealth, except for delivery directly to the Union Stock Yards in the town of Watertown, the premises of the Brighton Stock Yards Company in Brighton, within the city of Boston, or the premises of the New England Dressed Meat and Wool Company in the city of Somerville, except upon a permit signed by the Commissioner of Animal Industry ; and no neat cattle so brought for delivery at any of said points shall be unloaded, ex- cept as provided in section 3, at any point other than the said prem- ises of the Brighton Stock Yards Company in Brighton, the Union Stock Yards in Watertown, or the premises of the New England Dressed Meat and Wool Company in Somerville. Section 2. All neat cattle brought within the limits of this Com- monwealth from any place designated in section 1 hereof, except for delivery as provided in the preceding section, must be accom- panied by a permit issued by the Commissioner of Animal Industry. Section 3. If, for any cause, any such neat cattle are received by any of your agents within the limits of this Commonwealth at any place other than the Union Stock Yards in Watertown, the premises of the Brighton Stock Yards Company in Brighton, or the premises of the New England Dressed Meat and Wool Company in Somerville, not accompanied by a permit, as provided in section 2 hereof, you will immediately notify this ofl&ce, giving the place where said animals were received for shipment, the name of the consignee and destination of said animals. You Avill not remove said animals 22 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. or permit them to be removed from the car or vehicle in which they are contained without permission from the Commissioner of Animal Industry, or one of his agents, except that if, by reason of the crowded condition of the car, or because of the long confinement of said animals within the same, or for accident or otherwise, it is deemed expedient by you or your agent to unload the same, such animal or animals may be removed by you from said car or vehicle without permission; but in such case you will notify this office, and you will not allow said animal or animals to go out of the possession of your agent or off from your premises where said animals are unloaded except upon obtaining such permission. Sectioi^ 4. All neat cattle brought within the limits of the prem- ises in Brighton, Watertown and Somerville, designated in section 1 hereof, are hereby declared to be quarantined, until released by an agent of the department. Section 5. All cattle, except those for immediate slaughter or calves under six months old, intended to be kept in the State per- manently, must be tested with tuberculin either prior to shipment or after arrival at destination. Certificates of tuberculin test made by qualified veterinarians resid- ing in other States will be accepted, provided the test is made with tuberculin furnished or approved by State or federal government, and provided also that the certificates are approved and endorsed by the official in charge of live-stock interests in the State from which the cattle are shipped, or by his deputy. The Commissioner of Animal Industry may in his discretion re- test any or all tested cattle brought within the limits of the Com- monwealth from other States. All tests made upon cattle after arrival within the limits of the Commonwealth must be made by agents of the Department of Ani- mal Industry, with tuberculin furnished by the department. Such testing will be free of expense to citizens of Massachusetts, and at cost for other persons. Cattle brought to the quarantine stations at Watertown, Brighton and Somerville, upon which a test is required, will be held and tested by the agent of the Department of Animal Industry in charge of these stations, unless released by such agent on certificates of test approved and endorsed, as hereinbefore described. All cattle upon which a test is required, coming to points outside the limits of the quarantine stations, are to be held in quarantine at the risk and expense of the owner imtil released by order of the Commissioner of Animal Industry. Cattle returning from out-of-State pastures or boarding places, satisfactory as to sanitary conditions to the Commissioner of Animal Industry, will not be subjected to a tuberculin test if they have not been out of the State over six months, provided they bear ear tags 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 23 furnished for this pui-pose by the Massachusetts Department of Animal Industry, the numbers of which have been forwarded to the office of the department prior to the cattle being sent out of the State. Cattle being returned to Massachusetts from without the State will not be considered as returning from out-of-State pastures unless they are returned to the farm of the person who originally sent them out of the State. Cattle brought in from foreign countries, which have passed a test given by an agent of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, will be released upon arrival at destination without further test, and no certificates will be required. Animals under control of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of AgTiculture, intended for export, are not included in this order. Animals believed to be diseased will be killed. Section 6. This order shall be published by sending a copy to each inspector of animals in the Commonwealth, and by furnishing a copy to each shipper of cattle into the State upon permits issued in accordance with the provisions as stated above. Fred Freeland Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edward F. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. During the year the following order '^o. 3 was issued, printed on large placards and posted on the quarantine grounds. The purpose of this order, similar to one which has been issued in previous years, was to prevent the spread of contagion from any cattle which might be brought from districts infected with Texas fever during; the summer months. Obdeb No. 3. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Depaetment of Animal Industry, State House, Boston, July 31, 1912. To All Persons whom it may concern: — Whereas, the disease known as Texas fever, which is a contagious disease and is so recognized under the laws of this Commonwealth, prevails among cattle in some of the States and territories of the United States, and whereas animals infected with or exposed to said disease are likely to be brought upon the premises of the Butchers' Slaughtering and Melting Association at Brighton for slaughter. 24 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws and chap- ter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, I do hereby make the following order and regulation : — The premises of the Butchers' Slaughtering and Melting Associa- tion at Brighton are hereby quarantined. Neat cattle shall be brought upon them for immediate slaughter only, between the date when this order is approved and the first of November, 1912. Cattle brought upon these premises shall not be removed alive, but shall be slaugh- tered. This order shall be published by posting three or more copies upon the premises of the Butchers' Slaughtering and Melting Association at Brighton in the city of Boston. Fred Freeland Walker., Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edward F. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. Report of Cattle brought into State during the Tear to Points out- side of the Quarantine Stations. For dairy and breeding purposes, tested before shipment, . 1,759 For dairy and breeding purposes, tested after arrival, . . 3,975 For dairy and breeding purposes, awaiting test or approval, . 1 Total, 5,735 Neat cattle on which no test was required, exclusive of cattle and calves for immediate slaughter, 1,093 The cattle and calves on which no test was required, ex- clusive of animals for immediate slaughter, were as fol- lows : — Returned from out-of-State pastures, ..... 986 Calves under six months old, 94 Died before test could be made, 3 Kept in State for brief periods only, 10 Total, 1,093 The number of cattle and calves brought into the State for immediate slaughter cannot be given exactly. In round nuni- 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 25 bers there were 10,000 cattle and calves brought to the large abbatoirs and other points outside the quarantine stations, intended for immediate slaughter. JSTearly all of the total number of animals given above were brought into the State on permits issued by the head of the department, onlv 573 head having been brought in without permits, which were reported to the department by railroad agents, local inspectors or others. Of these, 55 were tested before shipment, 1 was a calf under six months old, 64 were slaughtered at once for beef, 266 were returned from pasture, and the remainder, 187 head, were tested by agents of the department. The following figures show the disposition of animals that were brought into the State to points outside the quarantine stations at Brighton, Watertown and Somerville, which failed to pass a satisfactory tuberculin test : — Condemned on first test, 72 Condemned on second test, . 64 Killed for beef on first test, subject to inspection, ... 4 Total, 140 Of the animals condemned as above, 1 is still awaiting slaughter ; 14 were found on post-mortem examination to be free from disease, and either have been or will be paid for by the State; and 121 were found on post-mortem examination to be affected with tuberculosis. Of the 4 animals killed for beef after reacting, 2 were found diseased, and on 2 no report of result has been received. There were 972 permits issued, 139 of which were not used. Eighteen permits were issued allowing cattle to be brought into the State for the purpose of exhibition; 7 were issued for returning cattle from exhibition in other States ; 14 were issued for pasturing herds in the State during the season; 6 were issued allowing cattle to be unloaded in transit through the State; and 8 were special permits to persons living near the border line of the State, allowing cattle to be kept in the State for brief periods only. 26 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. For several years, at the request of tlie United States De- partment of Commerce and Labor, a report of the receipts of all live stock at the port of Boston has been sent to Wash- ington each month. The report is made to show weekly receipts. The following table shows the receipts, by months, for the past year : — Receipts of Live Stock at Boston for Twelve Months ending Nov. 30, 1912. For Moxth endij?g — Cattle. Calves. Sheep. Swine. Horses. December, . . . . 19,361 8,058 56,320 171,566 1,983 January, 12,203 6,739 31,336 140,047 1,625 February, 7.861 7,473 33,937 126,992 1,675 March, 10,242 12,886 26,595 117,616 2,625 April, . 7,883 10,592 19,531 79,071 2,265 May, 7,633 13,327 25,706 99,448 2,255 June, 9,791 12,846 46,800 , 123,412 2,410 July, . 7,448 8,135 35,461 107,230 1,487 August, 10,543 9,799 54,435 81,081 1.565 September, 12,693 11,315 59,074 83,255 2,299 October, 15,197 9,723 50,248 59,659 1,636 November, 18,315 10,341 70,130 100,438 1,818 Totals, 139,170 121,234 509,573 1,289,815 23,643 The third division of the work consists in testing herds with tuberculin for owners who desire it, and is known as voluntary request work. There has been quite an increased interest shown in this branch of the work during the past year. Such owners as have petitioned the department for the testing of their herds by the State have been accorded this privilege where conditions seemed to justify it. 11 persons made voluntary requests to have their herds tested : 11 herds were tested, comprising . . 273 cattle Released, . 173 Permit to kill, paid for, . 23 Permit to kill, to be paid for, . . 17 Permit to kill, no award, . . 60 273 cattle 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 27 Hog Cholera. The prevalence of hog cholera has increased to a consider- able extent during the year. At the close of the year there was apparently no section of the State in which the disease has not made its appearance with more or less disastrous results. Sixty-five herds of swine, comprising 1,534 head, were reported to the department and investigated by its agents, of which nmnber 674 head died with the disease. This number is in all probability far short of the total number of herds in which the disease actually occurred, owing to failure on the part of owners to bring outbreaks of the disease to the attention of this department. Unfortunately, medicinal treatment for this disease is known to be a failure, therefore the department can only advise the use of seru.m sold by commercial laboratories. In several cases where this serum has been applied we have re- ceived reports of its efficiency, but in other cases its use ap- pears to have been productive of no good results. This un- doubtedly is due to the fact that the hogs were probably infected with the disease at the time of the administration of the serum, and in such cases the serum is worthless, as it is only a preventive agent and not a curative one. At the present time the department is considering the advisability of establishing its own serum plant, with the idea of dis- pensing the serum at a minimum cost to owners. Several outbreaks of disease have been reported to the department as hog cholera which upon investigation proved to be due to the feeding of frozen swill, unsanitary surround- ings, or to be some other disease, such as tuberculosis, pneu- monia, etc. MiscELLAWEors Diseases. The Department of Animal Industry is called upon during the year to deal with other diseases of a contagious nature, in addition to rabies, glanders, bovine tuberculosis and hog cholera. Among them are actinomycosis, mange, sympto- 28 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. matic anthrax or blackleg, anthrax, Texas fever, and tuber- culosis in other animals than cattle. Twelve cases of actinomycosis have been reported; 9 of these animals were slaughtered, and 3 were found not to have this disease. There has been a decrease in the number of animals re- ported as suffering from mange, although it now occurs to quite an extent in some localities. Forty-four places where the disease was supposed to exist were reported, 6 of which were found to be free from it. At the remaining 38 places 170 head of cattle and 10 horses were found to be affected. The application of a mixture of engine oil, phenol, kero- sene and sulphur has apparently proved most efficacious in treating this trouble, and has been recommended, with ex- cellent results, to owners of diseased animals. The protective inoculation of young cattle where sympto- matic anthrax or blackleg has occurred has been continued where owners requested, and has been done under the direc- tion of Dr. James B. Paige of the Amherst Agricultural College, with the assistance of his brother, Dr. Henry E. Paige, an agent of this department. Reports have been re- ceived from 73 owners, and 481 head of cattle have been inoculated. Outbreaks of anthrax have been reported at 12 farms, at 8 of which it was found upon investigation not to have oc- curred; at the 4 remaining farms, 10 sheep and 124 head of cattle were inoculated. In May an outbreak of disease in a herd of cows at West Boylston was reported to this department, which upon thor- ough investigation was found to be undoubtedly caused by forage poison, and was not of a contagious nature. In addition to the above diseases outbreaks have been re- ported from various sections of the State from time to time, which upon investigation have proven to be foot-rot, dis- temper, food poisoning, etc., diseases not recognized under the law as contagious. 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 29 Barn Inspection. I have earlier in this report referred to the provision of law which authorizes the Department of Animal Industry to supervise and regulate the conditions under which cattle are housed in this State. In July the following order 'No. 6 was issued, it being substantially the same as an order pre- viously issued by the Cattle Bureau : — Ordeb No. 6. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department or Animal Industry, State House, Boston, July 31, 1912. To All Persons whom it may concern: — Cattle Bureau Order No. 30 is hereby revoked. Whereas, the disease known as tuberculosis, which is a contagious disease and is so recognized under the laws of this Commonwealth, prevails extensively among cattle in certain sections of this Com- monwealth, and whereas it has become necessary to adopt measures for the prevention of the spread of said contagious disease, Now, therefore, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions of chapter 90 of the Revised Laws, chap- ter 381 of the Acts of 1911, and chapter 608 of the Acts of 1912, and all acts in amendment thereof and addition thereto, and all other authority me hereto enabling, I do hereby make the following order and regulation : — Section 1. Owners or tenants of barns, stables, pastures, yards and other places where neat cattle, other ruminants or swine are kept are required to provide, to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Animal Industry or his duly authorized agents, as follows : — Proper ventilation. Proper space for stabling, Sufficient light. Proper drainage. Proper disinfection of premises, Wholesome water supply and proper distribution of same to cattle, Proper disposal of excrement, and General cleanliness. Section 2. This order shall be published by sending a copy to each inspector of animals in the Commomvealth, and by general dis- tribution to farmers and cattle owners. Feed Freeland Walker, Commissioner of Animal Industry. Approved in Council, July 31, 1912. Edward F. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. 30 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. I wish to explain at greater length at this time the action and benefit of the above order and law by authority of which it was issued. As has been said, the State is divided into nine districts, presided over by so-called district agents, whose duties com- prise not only the supervision of barn inspection, but the con- trol of outbreaks of contagious diseases among animals in their several sections, the testing of interstate cattle, and at- tention to all matters of this nature pertaining to the depart- ment. These agents are employed on salaries, and give their whole time to the carrying on of the work. Following is a list of these agents, together with the various territories over which they have charge : — Dr. M. L. Miner has the extreme northwestern territory; Dr. E. L. Hannon the southwestern district; Dr. J. H. Roberts has the south central district ; Dr. Henry E. Paige the north central district; Dr. C. H. Paquin the central dis- trict; Dr. G. W. Bickell the northeastern district; Dr. H. W. Peirce the central eastern district ; Dr. E. P. Sturges the southeastern district ; and Mr. Frank C. Marion the extreme southeastern or Cape district. The Commonwealth is to be congratulated upon the char- acter of the men who have been secured to act as district agents, they being specially fitted by training and experience to perform the work assigned them. That work requires the exercise of extreme care and discretion in order to obtain the best results with minimum opposition on the part of the o^vners of property. I deem it pertinent at this time to describe in some detail the technique of the work done in order to carry out the provisions of chapter 381 of the Acts of 1911. Each to^vn and city of the Commonwealth is officially represented by an inspector of animals (in some places there are two or more), whose duty it is, whenever ordered by the Commissioner of Animal Industry, and at least annually, to make an inspection of all live stock in their respective towns, and of the buildings in which the same are housed, and return a report of their doings to the department. These original 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 31 reports are on file at this office. On receipt of said reports they are carefully gone over by clerks in the office, and snch places as are reported as being in an unsatisfactory condition are recorded and assigned to the district agent within whose territory they lie. That district agent in turn makes an in- spection of the property referred to, supplementing by his own report that of the local inspector. Suggestions are made by this agent to the owner, and instructions given as to the most desirable way of correcting the objectionable features. In short, the district agent's duty is primarily one of educa- tion rather than coercion, and an eifort is made to acquaint the local representative with the conditions found and the recommendations made by the district agent. If this local inspector is of the right sort, he assumes a lively interest in the carrying out, on the part of the owner, of the suggestions made. In fact, in many instances it has not been necessary for the district agent to visit an establishment a second time, because of the fact that the local representative has been able to secure the putting into effect the recommendations and suggestions made by the agent on his first visit. When he is unable to do so, however, the district agent again visits the place in question within a comparatively short time, and makes a second inspection. If the owner fails to appreciate the seriousness of the situation, or declines to recognize the authority under which the inspection is made, the matter is referred to the head of this department, who then takes the siibject up with the owner direct from headquarters. Although this department is clothed with unquestioned and unlimited power to prosecute all cases brought to its attention where conditions in farm buildings are not up to a satisfactorily high standard from a sanitary standpoint, the necessary reforms have been secured in every instance with- out its being necessary to bring the offending party before the bar of justice. There is much to be desired in the way of inspection of farm buildings. However, I am sure that the policy in vogue will eventually lead to an elimination of unfavorable criti- cism on the part of the citizens of this State relative to con- 32 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. ditions of farm buildings within our borders. I am equally sure that this policy will, if allowed to continue, permanently silence criticism on the part of producers relative to the interference of State and local authorities with the conduct of their business. In connection with this phase of the situation, it seems highly important that the Legislature in its wisdom should clearly define the duties of existing boards and commissions relative to the control of sanitary conditions in farm build- ings. There is at present in operation, to a limited extent, a certain form of duplication of inspection of said buildings. This duplication of effort results only in a confusion in the minds of cattle owners as to what board or department is proceeding under statutory authority in the conduct of its duties, in so far as they relate to the regulation of the business of these owners. I therefore respectfully suggest that the present Legisla- ture more definitely localize, if possible, the responsibility in regard to this work, and enact a provision which shall eliminate from the field any and all agents except those au- thorized by law to carry on this work. When this has been done the responsibility for existing conditions can be defi- nitely placed, and if there is criticism to be made, that criticism cannot be met by the reply that the effort of the department against which it is made has been defeated by interference on the part of another department or board. In submitting the following table I beg the indulgence of the Legislature to the extent that they recognize that this department and the laws under which it is at present oper- ating are but in their infancy. I can confidently aflSrm, however, that we are faced in the right direction, and will predict that, with a continuance of the authority now vested in the department, it will be able, unassisted, to solve the many problems embodied in the multitude of bills that an- nually come before the Legislature, which, if enacted, would only confuse and complicate the situation. 1913.1 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 33 Meport of District Agents on Barn Inspection for Year ending Nov. 30, 1912. 1 a o a a d o d 6 60 ■3 (1, a (2 1 i 1 IS tJ d a W M ^ w Ph' O H fe g W 0 w ITJ fe "5 Q a s Q p U p p ^ Stables reported as unsat- isfactory. Stables visited, 920 808 899 722 2,381 1,757 1,052 884 852 761 2,761 2,070 450 428 1,317 1,135 1,264 594 11,896 9,159 Stables not yet inspected, 112 177 624 168 91 691 22 182 670 2,737 Stables visited once, all 582 486 853 538 506 679 223 866 208 4,941 necessary improve- ments made. Stables visited more than 65 2 260 27 2 297 142 19 20 834 once, all necessary im- provements made. Stables visited once, not 92 231 500 302 252 942 12 248 361 2,940 all necessary improve- ments made. Stables visited more than 69 3 144 17 1 152 51 2 5 444 pnce, not all necessary improvements made. Financial Statement. At the close of the last fiscal year, Nov. 80, 1911, there was on hand, as per the twentieth semiannual report : — Balance of appropriation for salaries and expenses for 1911, . . . $367 IS Balance of appropriation for general work of the Bureau for 1911, . . 29,171 26 Appropriation for salaries and expenses of 1912, chapter 376, Acts of 1912, . $8,000 00 Appropriation for general work of the Bureau, chapter 344, Acts of 1912, . 105,000 00 Additional appropriation to cover in- crease in salary of the head of the de- partment, 779 16 $29,538 44 113,779 16 Total to be accounted for, $143,317 60 34 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. [Jan. Expended during the year : — For 205 head of cattle condemned and killed during the year 1911, paid for in 1912, For 1,706 head of cattle condemned and killed during the year. For killing and burial, quarantine claims and arbitration expenses, . For services of agents (exclusive of glanders work), accounts of 1911 and 1912, For expenses of agents (exclusive of glanders work), accounts of 1911 and 1912, For expenses of quarantine stations, For expenses of glanders work, includ ing services and expenses of agents laboratory work and killing and burial, For laboratory expenses (exclusive of glanders work), .... For implements, ear tags, thermometers, etc., For salary of the head of the depart ment, ...... For salary of clerk. For salaries of assistant clerks and stenographers, .... For office expenses, printing, postage, stationery, etc., account of 1911, For offlee expenses, printing, postage stationery, etc., account of 1912, For expenses of the head of the de- partment, Total expenditures, .... Balance from all accounts, Nov. 30, 1912, Total as above, .... $4,759 02 46,861 90 190 47 $20,400 36 8,573 18 6,335 34 $51,811 39 6,338 52 679 45 407 89 2,579 14 1,074 20 2,357 70 27 79 2,070 34 360 59 51,204 50 . $103,015 89 . 40,301 71 $143,317 60 1913.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 98. 35 This balance is made up from the following items : — Balance of appropriation for salaries and expenses, 1911, $339 39 Balance of appropriation for salaries and expenses, 1912, 337 19 Balance of appropriation for general work of the Bureau, 1911, 23,656 93 Balance of appropriation for general work of the de- partment, available for unsettled accounts of 1912, . 15,968 20 $40,301 71 The average price paid for condemned cattle for the year was $2Y.01. There has been received during the year from the sale of hides and carcasses of condemned animals, sale of ear tags, testing cattle for nonresident owners, etc., $5,343.99. Claims for 188 head of cattle condemned and killed as tuberculous during the year remain unsettled, to be paid for on proof of claims, the appraised value of which amounts to $4,5Y8.T5. Respectfully submitted, FEED FREELAND WALKER, Commissioner of Animal Industry.