THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Ore F4s5 1929" 30 CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 , rane: i eet Ka yet fur) r ‘) Mx" ah Nae ae tae FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 287 REPORT SERIES Vou. VIII, No. 2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE o DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1930 fy, CHICAGO, U. S. A. January, 1931 Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate XX FREDERICK H. RAWSON A Trustee of the Museum and Patron of the Museum’s Arctic Expeditions of 1926 and 1927-28 and its African Expedition of 1929-30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 287 REPORT SERIES VoL. VIII, No. 2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1930 fi NATURAL &%\ #S wistory Ai re] ells i Fe PBREE nel eenteownaecn =u i —e {Vie Rekenusecawes) | CRU Mel|eunesunenauue &, FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD 1895 , . eC] Cc AG Of re FE CuHIcAGo, U.S. A. January, 1931 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deduc- tions in computing net income under Article 251 of Regula- tion 69 relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the pro- vision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount. ay Pt Fs t Fab nett ; fe Giant nae ne Maeay Sys ky : ve A x i amy OTA p aad A “yy Naat RPS NAND bing aN ries ty ant Ais rs CONTENTS , i Page PAGALGNOMMELUSHCOS tate meni ia ioc en we ere re erehenad Alte ie il-slelfcilersts: cuavsy aiceitele' ee ahs heute ca ol eirannel gh 272 OH GETRIANGNe OlMMILLCES mtr mcieiata cnevelcraieicle Fo ete reieie ciasaral Sines bapa veuecoleralionuaneeenna 27 PRISt TOT SUI erry ena rh coins hen ee Seah UV locn, We chat coal sera ble at Guarapater wie 274 NRE CT Ley TEESE ete as a asrcho, eins tw AiG a SUntE ahalin ale 6 ci) dielei wold due aberes 277 ecturestand: Bntertalmments rare We ivelsre aia cshele ohiers ooscoigicso asstbeletetelatas apeke 302 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public Schoolvand @hildrenis i lecturesnen sore eee cise ol ersio citele aie Gua eealane 304 INEUTE OS CUG Vai@ OUTSE ey meat carare tae tokees ticle Ricic Bis eie choles dia mooie a erate 309 FECHUGEU OUTS OnPACUIIES oan ctrte upon Meets aisles SEROUS eran liy wai aie solves Aik 310 MacatonalmMleetings acces epee eia tersie ravens a ities aie, crane lrele. wars talaveval scaler 310 VTOLOMSLOAG CASULT CaM ae create VR ee aetel seal ahetar a ieteh ee uterine sea ay tlclleveye laces car sheleuset 310 DINASIONIOMPEUDITCALIONS ear eunisiepalatertore usc riberol onthe tetaies cca atab encanta or auenecere 311 PUES EE ee aia nat et hen PIC pray tre ant ter atopy Lata Sau rate ne, Bralal euvuntasersos pesca a tere 314 PETS IY FRESEAP CR fata ey Sis asia wierd Pe welalak wiciacge ee kms wala Sons 316 Ais EAE ACAI ST Ue Gatti tere chil, Aida pee Nine Ce a Ala dac wh aha 316 ES OGATI Va nent eae ern aise Laveen ait Sete Hos cree fan non N IE Fenn Ne tari bi 326 Repeat Fe ve Stun atihy ola oie ae a ane Minos ale cahahicie Sree ica Sne pena MaNSLENS 344 IGOLO DVT ee ele aee ee a ee erste eee eLEe orators oe erate 346 IN CCESSION Sse ies ERAN Rea eta cia 1s 7 SLA Lonlat sate tenshonen en ee metenilona vane tetnacns anew ai 354 PRO EHEOPOLOR Vereen ut ear aval ate oes, Cush wet Se ea os eheno UR eu Solon Gacapandheset tes eie 354 BOGAN Te RINE Re clones Mee ariotel marries ics Autores atari cubitne anes Ri 363 CG OOLOR VAR ee i a ee io io eae be darahe te. Mavens una eateots, mesons tant ms shares Weare 874 LOO LO DV PRGA Oe cee ttRL eters cy ATs aie tise Ocal gt Matos) Sete te ee a oars 378 Departmental Cataloguing, Inventorying and Labeling................. 383 installationstanduRearrane@ements:)..4 + osc c.cs cicla.« cioneie eters) s atcherenedergwnela es 387 ATEN EOP OLOGY: sister castoecteect Palettes, Cools teen One cee renters ete ope cin ala tare 387 OLE TORE) aay ahs beet Oda ed at at a Bel aE BS es TE Panett Apt PRS ha 393 OO ORY eye NS Vee eee area eren OS ahetehe re ae St sles rey ah avo. con nL eedrets eae eaatee 396 LQOLO LS TT ae UE a LEAT SEA a Lababish col orale cnc ne vets 406 Tine Ne Wie Harris: buplic! School Wy xtensionic saciis ies cite «sis ee es <)eceuele 411 ATL CSCATC lin © ASSES emer rma tit ne ey wate: Oo Make PeEIe Re ot Waelder Be tenance aed 412 DIVISION MPU DCE ALLONS rey naicrreh eee eee eee ele ects iateils chee 413 DD LvASI OTOL Ee BUIENG EA reps are rc toicys tale ree cesta suc hateeu ret eee eke: toe te eurSeaPee arahace leretats 418 DivasSlOnTOlsEVOCN CE CNOLORY yee. e cise cere tees os ale eda iadatnie tevessueiblent eoakonemt a mekanae A419 Divisions or Lhocvocraphysand Mlustraviony).o ss). - 6s ekie + asia ciel ticie oes 420 DivASlGHe Ole VICTHIOCESIMOS aos a ish Pach pero eee eee eyetiemle ra tcn ees erect 421 Attendance Statistics and Door Receipts. 0). sn odie lscn sis see as wed eon beets 422 Ei ANCA SLALCMEN US eer earn ame ota deny vc vey ie mae CNR Se sath etl mu Nae 423 PRRMAS NEE Ne SASEUNIR 0 c.g Sat age gl ly reais 5, shade vie 2m NENA SRR te i 424 eM aE AU TEIE FADE ALAOIN 082.5 ooh a, Shoe rast Saas Wiel MOA wal Denlid gl ida Woke aPSPE 451 RUMI LRU WER INSURE LF USC). Voie: Sh yecy ighayeie onic, a/neleety he kials ale’ AVaiu! wiccaiie Gb Six) o igicleteay 453 LATELY, OVE BYeTaVS BV eLHOTST ey sha ani cic 2 En Secelt ETS oc Me EOE REN CREAT el Pure m FPR eeu ates 458 ELOMOLAny a VLCMDOr Serre ieee rte crettaeer a tore cone vai anece arn eaes rate soten a euel asodai 458 AUER OTIS Neeepah ester sterol eee Tes GUE TRUN Orch ai ats) eae capalie lace Sho tatghau el sronaier puemateuat ene 459 peice mbaine NECIINeN ans Me mins or haces Aa keetd bis wale Ae wid aura etary eye 459 CONG ULOES eae creators M ee toeiup ste. te olla s) 3) Ly beacon etal nte aco Ne aint atau 460 (OGMOLATE y VUCTEDCLSM tare sys icici extersine sitions see ue Soe ons eo elet ohe eae eat etneosere 462 Eee VISTO RTA ate in ce tey tenia heme ere mate cts AO toe (okt Sn Same be Ce ivy OO e 463 Non= Resid emt Wie WICMPETS ates Gres sta clay Chao ce eats thes Wiehe leuadumbalgrecletene 466 ASSOCLALCEIVICIN DOTS ar MME icreecs he uinvoysis care sevats Gost’ echote Rraveieasre tralatotreestero 466 Non-Resident Associate: Membersic,..)s5 2). cciecs cuts ia miaiuier sis ee eletie o ees 488 SUS GUUNIM OM VETTES rik terete aia Peet ta ay tect sien. rst ofonenet os GE Mer aces Reena Uae Taree coe 488 PATITECITU pV LECTION cmt ita cota ciate Vek reve onc anle Ane biteligne cheese RRO ARO ve pake oeraloiaus 491 272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. Vill THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES JOHN BORDEN WILLIAM J. CHALMERS R. T. CRANE, JR. MARSHALL FIELD STANLEY FIELD ERNEST R. GRAHAM ALBERT W. HARRIS SAMUEL INSULL, JR. WILLIAM V. KELLEY Cyrus H. McCorMIcK WILLIAM H. MITCHELL FREDERICK H. RAWSON GEORGE A. RICHARDSON MARTIN A. RYERSON FRED W. SARGENT STEPHEN C. SIMMS JAMES SIMPSON SoLomon A. SMITH ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SILAS H. STRAWN WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR. DECEASED, 1930 CHARLES H. MARKHAM JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 273 OFFICERS STANLEY FIELD, President MARTIN A. RYERSON, First Vice-President ALBERT A. SPRAGUE, Second Vice-President JAMES SIMPSON, Third Vice-President STEPHEN C. SIMMS, Secretary SOLOMON A. SMITH, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE STANLEY FIELD ALBERT A. SPRAGUE ALBERT W. HARRIS MARSHALL FIELD WILLIAM J. CHALMERS JOHN BORDEN JAMES SIMPSON SILAS H. STRAWN FINANCE COMMITTEE ALBERT W. HARRIS JAMES SIMPSON MARTIN A. RYERSON SOLOMON A. SMITH FREDERICK H. RAWSON BUILDING COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. CHALMERS SAMUEL INSULL, JR. Cyrus H. McCormick ERNEST R. GRAHAM WILLIAM H. MITCHELL AUDITING COMMITTEE JAMES SIMPSON *CHARLES H. MARKHAM FRED W. SARGENT PENSION COMMITTEE ALBERT A. SPRAGUE WILLIAM V. KELLEY SOLOMON A. SMITH *“DECHASED 274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII LIST OF STAFF DIRECTOR STEPHEN C. SIMMS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BERTHOLD LAUFER, Curator A. L. KROEBER, Research Associate in American Archaeology ASSISTANT CURATORS ALBERT B. LEWIS, Melanesian Ethnology J. Er1c THOMPSON, Central and South American Archaeology PAUL S. MARTIN, North American Archaeology W. D. HAMBLY, African Ethnology HENRY FIELD, Physical Anthropology T. GEORGE ALLEN, Egyptian Archaeology JOHN G. PRASUHN, Modeler DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN, Acting Curator PAUL C. STANDLEY, Associate Curator of the Herbarium J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy JAMES B. McNair, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany SAMUEL J. RECORD, Research Associate in Wood Technology LLEWELYN WILLIAMS, Assistant in Wood Technology CARL NEUBERTH, Custodian of Herbarium DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY O. C. FARRINGTON, Curator HENRY W. NICHOLS, Associate Curator ELMER S. RiGes, Associate Curator of Paleontology SHARAT K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology BRYAN PATTERSON, Assistant in Paleontology DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY WILFRED H. Oscoop, Curator WILLIAM J. GERHARD, Associate Curator of Insects C. E. HELLMAYR, Associate Curator of Birds H. B. CONOVER, Associate in Ornithology ASSISTANT CURATORS *JOHN T. ZIMMER, Birds KARL P. ScHMIDT, Reptiles R. MAGOON BARNES, Birds’ Eggs ALFRED C. WEED, Fishes EDMOND N. GUERET, Vertebrate Skeletons CoLIN C. SANBORN, Assistant in Mammalogy WALTER A. WEBER, Assistant and Artist Dwicut Davis, Assistant in Osteology EMIL LILJEBLAD, Assistant in Entomology TAXIDERMISTS JULIUS FRIESSER C. J. ALBRECHT L. L. PRAY LEON L. WALTERS ARTHUR G. RUECKERT ASHLEY HINE *RESIGNED JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 275 DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION CLEVELAND P. GRANT, Acting Curator A. B. Wo.LcotTt, Assistant Curator THE LIBRARY EmILy M. WILcoxson, Librarian Mary W. BAkesr, Assistant Librarian *ELSIE LIPPINCOTT (Librarian) REGISTRAR AUDITOR HENRY F. DITZEL BENJAMIN BRIDGE CLIFFORD C. GREGG, Assistant to the Director RECORDER—IN CHARGE OF PUBLICATIONS Esig H. THOMAS PURCHASING AGENT J. L. JONES THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES MARGARET M. CORNELL, Chief FRANKLIN C. POTTER JUNE WORK MIRIAM WooD GORDON S. PEARSALL DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS H. B. HART, in charge DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS PEARLE BILINSKE, in charge DIVISION OF PRINTING U. A. DOHMEN, in charge LILLIAN A. Ross, Editor DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION C. H. CARPENTER, Photographer CARL F. GRONEMANN, Artist A. A. MILLER, Photogravurist DIVISION OF ROENTGENOLOGY ANNA REGINALDA BOLAN, in charge STAFF ARTIST CHARLES A. CORWIN SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE JOHN FE. GLYNN CHIEF ENGINEER W. H. CorRNING WILLIAM E. LAKE, Assistant Engineer *RESIGNED ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1930 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1930. In reviewing the achievements of the Museum during the past twelve months it is most gratifying to record once again not only an impressive increase in the number of visitors to the institution, but also a marked rise in the rate of increase. The total number of visitors during 1930 was 1,332,799, or 164,369 more than in 1929, which, with a record of 1,168,430, had the largest attendance of any previous year. This gain over 1929 is more than 14 per cent. The year 1930 was the fourth consecutive year in which the number of visitors has exceeded one million. How the rate of increase is rising is shown by comparing the gain of 144,803 made in 1929 over the 1928 attendance, with the 164,369 gained in 1930 over 1929. It is of interest to note that of the total number of visitors during 1930 only 160,924 paid admission. Attendance on free days totaled 1,079,367, while free admissions on pay days due to the special privileges granted Members, children, teachers, etc., numbered 92,508. Of the total number of visitors it seems safe to estimate that fully one-third were children. That the Museum is successfully fulfilling its mission, not only as a place of immense interest for casual visitors, but also as an active and important educational institution of great and increasing scope and influence is indicated by statistics (to be found elsewhere in this Report) on the work carried on through the extra-mural activities conducted by the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, and the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. Through these two units of the Museum organization, Field Museum’s benefits were extended outside the walls of the building to approxi- mately 716,000 school children. Thus, adding to this the number of persons actually coming to the Museum, the educational influence of the institution, including both inside and outside work, reached directly more than 2,048,000 individuals. In recognition of eminent services rendered to Science, the Board of Trustees in 1930 elected Mrs. E. Marshall Field and Mr. Arthur S. Vernay as Honorary Members of the Museum. 277 278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII In recognition of his eminent services to the Museum, Mr. Philip WM. Chancellor was elected as a Patron of the Museum. The By-Laws of the Museum have been amended for the purpose of adding two new classes of Members, viz.: Corresponding Members and Contributors, and abolishing the membership classification pre- viously designated as Fellow of the Museum. Details concerning the newly created classes of membership will be found in the amended By-Laws included in this Report (p. 453). Corresponding Members are chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries who render important services to the Museum. Contributors are all persons giving the Museum from $1,000 to $100,000 in money, or in material ranging in value between those amounts. Three noted foreign scholars who have rendered important services to the Museum were at once unanimously elected as Corre- sponding Members. They are: Abbé Henri Breuil, professor in the Collége de France, and the Institut de Paleontologie Humaine, Paris; Professor Sir Arthur Keith of the Royal College of Surgeons, London; and Professor Grafton Elliot-Smith of University College, London. These three scientists have rendered especially valuable assistance and advice in the preparatory work being carried on in connection with the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man and Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (devoted to physical anthropology), and they also gave counsel on the already completed group of Neanderthal Man on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall. As a permanent memorial to the persons whose gifts to the Museum place them in the newly created classification of Contribu- tors, an attractive bronze frame was installed in Stanley Field Hall near the main entrance to the building, in which has been posted a list of all persons who have made such contributions. Ninety-seven names now appear on the list in this frame, and provisions have been made for the addition of others as occasion demands. It is only just to mention that there are also thousands of other donors of money and materials in lesser amounts, whose gifts are as fully appreciated. Obviously, it would be impracticable to display a list of all these, because of space limitations. Acknowledgments of all gifts appear each year in the Annual Report of the Director of the Museum (LIST OF ACCESSIONS—p. 424). Persons who, by their gifts, ranging in value from $1,000 to $100,000, made to the Museum during 1930, became Contributors are Mrs. E. Marshall Field, Mrs. William H. Moore, Mrs. Charles JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 279 H. Schweppe, Mrs. Louise E. Thorne, Mr. Arthur 8. Vernay, Mr. L. M. Willis, and Mr. Lee Ling Yiin. The following were elected in 19380 as Life Members of the Museum: Mrs. Frank H. Armstrong, Mr. Louis E. Asher, Mr. Henry B. Babson, Mr. Thomas M. Boyd, Mr. Herman A. Brassert, Mr. Aldis J. Browne, Mr. George R. Carr, Mrs. Lewis L. Coburn, Mr. William M. Collins, Mr. George A. Cooke, Mr. Charles A. Paesch, and Mrs. A. A. Sprague II. A list of all classes of Members will be found at the end of this Report (p. 458). At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees, held in January, Mr. George A. Richardson was elected a Trustee to fill the vacancy caused by the death in 1929 of Mr. Chauncey Keep. The death of Mr. Charles H. Markham, a member of the Board of Trustees, on November 24, 1930, is regretfully recorded. Mr. Markham had been a Trustee since 1924. He was also a Patron, a Corporate Member and a Life Member. He was sixty-nine years old. In tribute to his memory the Board of Trustees adopted the following resolution: “It is with deep sorrow and the sense of a great loss that the Board of Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History does hereby record the death of its esteemed member, Charles H. Markham. Mr. Markham became a member of this Board of Trustees in March, 1924, and gave freely and loyally of his counsel and advice at all times up until his recent illness that resulted in his death. Mr. Markham, prior to his acceptance of membership on the Board of Trustees, had already become an outstanding national character in the field of industry and transportation. He was typical of the very finest type of American citizenship, and it is probably conservative to say that he possessed those higher qualities of leadership that made him one of the outstanding business executives of the period in which he lived. He not only directed the policies and managed the affairs of a great railroad system, but he took an active and sincere interest in all matters having to do with the public welfare. It may truly be said that he represented the best of modern leadership in conducting pioneer work looking to the improvement of the relations between the people and public service corporations. His kindly and sympa- thetic attitude in all matters, his direct, candid and always kindly methods in dealing with others, caused him to be highly respected and affectionately regarded by all whose privilege it was to come - within the range of his influence. He was a man of great gentleness 280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII of spirit, and broad human sympathies and deep loyalty to any cause which he espoused. These qualities were always present and never failed to manifest themselves constantly in his attitude toward this institution and his valuable services as one of its Trustees. “Therefore, be it resolved, that this resolution be made a per- manent record of the Board of Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History for the purpose of perpetuating in permanent form, as far as may be, our deep affection, high esteem, and sincere sorrow because of his passing.” An outstanding achievement of the year 1930 was the remarkable progress made in installation of new exhibits, and reinstallation of the older exhibits in many halls. The additions made to the exhibits during the year include many groups which rank among the finest in the Museum, and a great number of objects of most striking character and unusual interest. A habitat group of the rare giant panda, representing the most notable result of the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern Asia of 1928-29, was completed and placed on exhibition in William V. Kelley Hall. Two of these most unusual animals are shown in their favorite habitat. of bamboo thickets in a setting reproducing a scene at a very high altitude in the mountains of western China. One of the animals is the specimen shot by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Mr. Kermit Roosevelt, and is the only one ever shot by a white man. The other specimen was obtained by the Roosevelts from native hunters. The group is one of the most beautiful and interesting in the Museum. After several years of preparation, the first two of the series of habitat groups of marine mammals projected for Hall N on the ground floor of the Museum, have been completed and exposed to the public. The northern sea-lion (or Steller’s sea-lion) was selected to occupy the commanding central position in this hall. The group, with thirteen animals, is the largest so far installed in the Museum, and one of the most attractive. The completion of the sea-lion group was followed almost immedi- ately by a large imposing group of seven Pacific walruses in an adjoin- ing case. They are shown huddled together in characteristic attitude on Arctic ice. In the background is seen the midnight sun, repre- sented by means of a clever lighting arrangement. The whole effect produced is one of exceptional interest. The animals in this group were collected and presented by Messrs. Bruce Thorne of Chicago and George Coe Graves II of New York, asa result of the Thorne-Graves- JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 281 Field Museum Arctic Expedition of 1929, which they conducted. Messrs. Thorne and Graves also contributed funds toward the cost of preparing the group. The Museum is indebted also to Mr. Henry Graves, Jr., of New York and to Mrs. Louise E. Thorne of Chicago for substantial contributions toward the cost of preparing the group. A unique life-size group representing the Mesohippus, a species of small three-toed horse which lived in North America millions of years ago, was completed and placed on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall. So far as is known this is the first group restoration ever made of extinct mammals, represented as scientific research indicates they appeared in life, and in the surroundings amid which they lived. Six figures, including full-grown males, mares and young, modeled by Mr. Frederick Blaschke, are in the group, which is a gift from Mr. Ernest R. Graham. The scene is in the Black Hills of South Dakota where these animals are known, from fossil skeletons, to have been fairly common in their day. An acquisition of great importance was the 745-pound Paragould (Arkansas) meteorite, presented to the Museum by President Stanley Field. This is the largest single meteoric stone ever seen to fall, and is a most valuable addition to the institution’s collection of meteorites which, in point of number of falls represented, is the largest collection in the world. The Paragould meteorite has been placed on exhibition in Hall 34. An exhibit of the rare giant dragon lizard of Komodo, Dutch East Indies, was placed on view in Albert W. Harris Hall. It was prepared from one of the specimens obtained by the Chancellor— Stuart-Field Museum Expedition to the South Pacific (1929-80). This is the largest extant species of lizard, and is found only in the islands of Komodo and Flores of the Lesser Sunda group, east of Java. The exhibit is a reproduction in cellulose-acetate made by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, by the process he invented and perfected some years ago in the course of his work at the Museum, and which he has successfully applied in creating many exhibits now to be seen in the halls of the institution. He also prepared an exhibit of the giant prehensile-tailed skink of the Solomon Islands, the original specimen of which was collected by the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition of Field Museum in 1929. This is also on view in Albert W. Harris Hall. Another exhibit prepared during 1930 by this process, is a repro- duction of the rare white rhinoceros of Africa, the original specimen 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII for which was obtained several years ago by the Conover—Everard— Field Museum Expedition to Tanganyika. This is on exhibition in Hall 15. A mammoth crystal of beryl, weighing approximately 1,000 pounds, discovered in a quarry at Albany, Maine, was presented to the Museum by Mr. William J. Chalmers, and placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. To the series of American mammal habitat groups in Hall 16 was added a group of marsh deer, largest of all South American deer, in a scene typical of its environment. Five specimens, obtained several years ago by the Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, are in the group. An exhibit of unusual interest installed in Hall J is an actual-size representation of a prehistoric burial of Egypt, containing the remains of an Egyptian woman who died some time before 3500 B.c., sur- rounded by various original artifacts found in such ancient graves. This type of burial preceded the development of mummification and the periods in which elaborate tombs were built. A remarkably complete and excellent fossil skeleton of an ich- thyosaurus or fish-lizard which lived about 150,000,000 years ago, the specimen possessing the unusual feature of including in the slab of stone in which it is imbedded a clear impression of the fins and the skin, was placed on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall. Seven more of the large mural paintings of prehistoric life being prepared by Mr. Charles R. Knight, for the walls of Ernest R. Graham Hall, were completed and installed during 1930. These bring the total number now on exhibition to twenty-three, and only five more paintings remain to be executed. This notable series is a gift to the Museum from Mr. Ernest R. Graham. An extraordinary specimen of lodestone, weighing more than 400 pounds, and possessing unusual magnetic power, was placed on exhibition in Clarence Buckingham Hall. Displayed with it are various objects which illustrate its powerful magnetism. The speci- men comes from the Wasatch Mountains in Utah. Reproductions of the two most common ragweeds of the Chicago region, made in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories, were completed and placed on exhibition in the Hall of Plant Life. They are of particular interest to the public because their pollen is held responsible for the widespread affliction of hay fever. A noteworthy collection of Navaho silver jewelry was placed on exhibition in Hall 6, part of it having been recently acquired as the Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate XXII TOTEM POLE OF THE HAIDA, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS Set up in two sections on south wall of Hall 10 Total height thirty-seven feet. Presented by Edward E. Ayer, 1902 y | ; ra hain “ir E OF Nl yt | as | ta i$ JAN. 19381 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 283 result of a purchase made with the income of a fund provided by Julius Rosenwald and the late Augusta N. Rosenwald; and part of it consisting of material previously presented by the late Edward E. Ayer. A number of important additions were made to the Maya archaeological material exhibited in Hall 8. Especially interesting is a model of an ancient Maya pyramid, and casts of several notable Maya door lintels and other objects. In the same hall was also installed a model of the famous Mitla temple of the Zapotecs. Reinstallations on a large scale were carried on in the exhibition halls of the various Departments, with especially notable changes being made in the Department of Anthropology. The seventy-four cases comprising the Melanesian ethnological collections were trans- ferred from Hall 10 on the first floor to Hall A on the ground floor. The name, Joseph N. Field Hall, which was formerly applied to Hall 10, was transferred to Hall A, because of the association of the man to whom it is a memorial with the collections, he having been the Benefactor who made possible the expedition by which most of the material was obtained. This transfer locates the Melanesian col- lections where they are adjacent to closely related collections from Polynesia, Micronesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. At the same time it affords a better arrangement on the first floor, making Hall 10 available for North American collections related to the other North, and to the Central and South American collections in the halls adjoining it. Thus, the collections representing the cultures of the Eskimos and of the Indian tribes of the northwest coast were moved from Mary D. Sturges Hall to Hall 10. Because of the larger size of the latter hall, a better geographical arrangement of the exhibits has been made, and the large group cases are shown to better advan- tage. Also, for the first time since the Museum moved into the present building, it is now possible to display with these exhibits the remarkable series of some thirty large totem poles, grave posts and house posts which has been in the Museum’s possession for many years. The vacated Mary D. Sturges Hall was set aside for the North American archaeological collections, which were removed from the part of James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall they formerly occupied. These collections are now in process of enlargement, and ample room for the additional material to come is now available in the hall. The removal of archaeological material from James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall makes possible devoting that hall 284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII entirely to exhibits pertaining to the eastern Woodland Indians, and thus the installation of these collections has been improved. Rein- stallation was completed in Raymond Hall of the exhibits represent- ing the Indian tribes of the upper Mississippi valley and the Great Lakes region—the Potawatomi, Sauk, Fox, Menominee, Ojibwa and Winnebago. Also reinstalled were the exhibits illustrating the lives of the Indians of the Great Plains in Hall 5, and the Mexican and Central American archaeological and ethnological collections in Hall 8. These, and the other reinstallations in halls previously mentioned, include the revision of collections and of information given on the labels, and the substitution of the new style buff labels with black letters for the black labels with silver letters formerly used. There remains little to be done to complete the reinstallation of Hall J, devoted to Egyptian archaeology. Installation of all the new style individually lighted floor cases in this hall was completed in 1930, and, as recorded in the Annual Report for the preceding year, the majority of the built-in wall cases and other exhibits were installed in 1929. There now are but three more wall cases to be installed, one to be devoted to Coptic textiles, and two to sculptures, and it is expected that this work will be completed early in 1931. The hippopotamus exhibit, which for nearly three years was on view in Stanley Field Hall, was transferred in 1930 to Hall 15, devoted to the systematic collections of mammals. Various built-in cases in several halls which have been prepared for proposed habitat groups, were placarded with printed labels giving information as to what they would contain in the future. Structural work on the cases for large groups, eight in number, in the Hall of Prehistoric Man, was started late in the year. The exhibits in this hall, when completed, will illustrate man’s prog- ress from earliest prehistoric times down to the dawn of history, or about 10,000 B.c. This will be done by means of eight life-size groups showing early races of people and their manner of living, and by comprehensive collections of artifacts from various periods. The beginnings of family life, of art, of the domestication of animals, of agriculture and of primitive industry are among the subjects which will be illustrated. Mr. Frederick Blaschke, sculptor, has been engaged to prepare these groups. He reports that two of them are well under way. In Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall, which is to be devoted to physical anthropology, there will be exhibited twenty-seven full JAN. 19381 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 285 length life-size figures in bronze, three of which will compose a group symbolizing ‘Unity of Mankind.” The other twenty-four bronze figures will illustrate the physical characteristics of the principal living races of man, showing stature, facial and bodily differences, and other distinctive features. There will also be exhibited sixty heads and twenty-seven life-size busts of typical human beings, modeled in composition material, representing various racial strains of Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania, North, Central and South America. Other exhibits will illustrate such subjects as intentional facial and bodily deformation as practiced by various primitive tribes; physiologically abnormal types; social anthropology comprising studies of vital statistics, multiple births, influence of racial inter- marriage, growth of population, effects of epidemics and disease on population, and longevity of different races. The exhibits for this hall will be financed in part by a bequest of $50,000 left to the Museum by the late Mr. Chauncey Keep, who for fifteen years was a Trustee of the institution, and by a gift of $18,000 from Mrs. Charles H. Schweppe. Funds to cover the balance have been pledged by Mr. Marshall Field in token of his esteem for Mr. Keep, in whose honor the hall was named. The figures, busts and heads will be made by Miss Malvina Hoffman. In connection with this task she will make an extensive study of the various races, work from living models and in conformity with scientific data, and will consult with leading anthropologists throughout the world. Including parties engaged in local field work in near-by collecting grounds, the Museum had seventeen expeditions in operation during 1930. In addition to these, the Museum benefited from a private game hunting trip undertaken in Africa by Mr. Marshall Field; and from the activities of Miss Malvina Hoffman, the sculptress commissioned to prepare series of full-length life-size figures, face masks and busts illustrating the races of the world for Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall, who is making studies in Europe in connection with this work. Of the seventeen expeditions, eleven were in foreign countries, four were close to Chicago in Illinois and Indiana, and two in Colorado. Full details concerning the work performed and the personnel on all the expeditions will be found in the section of this Report under the heading EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH, beginning on page 316. The following is a brief summary of some of the most important operations: 286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPporRTS, VOL. VIII Mr. Arthur S. Vernay of New York and London was the sponsor and co-leader of a very important zoological expedition—the Vernay— Lang Kalahari Expedition for Field Museum. Associated with him in the leadership was Mr. Herbert Lang, formerly of New York. The territory in which this expedition worked was the Kalahari Desert and along the Botletle River in the British protectorate of Bechuanaland. It returned late in the year bringing collections remarkable for their size, variety and value. Its record of achieve- ment places it among the most successful expeditions ever sent to Africa. (Route of expedition shown on map facing p. 348.) The Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest began important excavations on the Lowry ruin in southwestern Colorado, and the making of archaeological collections representing Indians believed to have lived 1,500 years ago and more. The most important accomplishment during the 1930 season was the excava- tion of an ancient kiva or ceremonial chamber, and eleven other large rooms of the ruins. The expedition was financed with income from a fund established by Mr. Julius Rosenwald and the late Mrs. Augusta N. Rosenwald. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology, conducted the expedition. The Chancellor-Stuart—Field Museum Expedition to the South Pacific, which began work in 1929, returned early in 1930. It was led by Mr. Philip M. Chancellor, its sponsor, and Mr. Norton Stuart, both of Santa Barbara, California. Important acquisitions obtained by this expedition include two excellent specimens of the reticulated python of Borneo, which is the largest reptile known to science, and two specimens of the rare giant dragon lizards of Komodo. Shortly after his return from the above-mentioned expedition, Mr. Chancellor organized the Chancellor-Stuart-Field Museum Expedition to Aitutaki and departed for the Cook Islands. Aitutaki is one of the most remote and least known islands of the Pacific Ocean. The expedition remained in this field for several months. When it returned it brought some 400 fishes for the Museum collec- tions, and some 14,000 feet of motion picture film showing the life of the natives and undersea scenes. An expedition sponsored and conducted jointly by Captain Harold A. White of New York and Major John Coats of London, England, which had as its principal object the securing of the beau- tiful, rare and most elusive African antelope known as the bongo, was able to take five of these greatly desired animals. In addition to these, the first still and motion pictures of the living bongo were Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate XXIII RESTORATION OF A SIGILLARIA, A FOSSIL TREE-LIKE CLUBMOSS Reconstructed in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories for a Carboniferous forest exhibit in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) One-thirtieth natural size JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 287 made. Also secured were a fine bull eland and a baby rhinoceros, both greatly needed for a water hole group now in preparation. The expedition is continuing its hunt for other unusual animals. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting returned recently to New York from a successful zoological expedition for the Museum to Sikkim in India, and along the northern border of Tibet. The expedition was organized and financed by Mr. Cutting. He was accompanied by Mr. Herbert Stevens, of Tring, England, who has remained in the field to continue the work of the expedition. The Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Meso- potamia concluded its eighth season of archaeological excavations at Kish during the early part of 1930, and toward the end of the year began its ninth season, which is continuing into 1931. As in previous years, Field Museum’s participation in this expedition is financed by Mr. Marshall Field. Each year this expedition has succeeded in accumulating archaeological collections and data of tremendous importance. Professor Stephen Langdon continued as director of the expedition, and Mr. L. C. Watelin as field director. The Frederick H. Rawson-Field Museum Ethnological Expedi- tion to West Africa, which began work in 1929, returned to Chicago in 1930 after nearly a year in the field. Work was conducted in two regions—Angola (Portuguese West Africa) and Nigeria (British West Africa). Approximately 2,000 objects representing the tribes of these regions were collected, and a large amount of ethnological data was obtained. Mr. W. D. Hambly, Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, was leader of the expedition. The Peruvian division of the Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to the Amazon completed in 1930 its work begun the preceding year, and returned. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, was in charge. The expedition made large and important collections of woods and other botanical material in the Amazonian forests of Peru, which contain one of the world’s richest floras, and have received little attention from botanists because of their inaccessibility. Operations have been begun in southern China by a Museum expedition, sponsored by Mr. Marshall Field, the immediate object of which is to obtain specimens for use in a habitat group of the rare goat-antelope known as the takin. The expedition is led by Mr. Floyd T. Smith of Long Island, New York, who is the only white man in the party. Mr. Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology,’ who since early in the summer had been gathering material and data |\ 288 FIELD Museum OF NATURAL HIstoRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII in Europe for use in the projected new Hall of Prehistoric Man and the Hall of Physical Anthropology, completed his work late in the year. An expedition to Florissant, Colorado, in charge of Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant in Paleontology, collected a large variety of fossil insects and plants, and other paleontological material. The work of photographing type specimens of plants in European herbaria, begun in 1929, was carried on during the past year by Mr. J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy. Up to date approximately 9,000 photographs have been made, chiefly of specimens in the herbaria located in Berlin, Munich and Geneva which kindly gave splendid cooperation. Mr. Macbride will continue this work during part of 1931. The project is being carried out under a generous grant of funds provided for the Museum by the Rockefeller Foundation. Word was received from Mr. Marshall Field that he had shot, on Serengette Plains, Tanganyika Territory, British East Africa, a large male lion, a lioness, and two cubs, which he plans to present to the Museum. It is expected these will be received in the early part of 1931. They will fill a long-felt need for a habitat group of lions to be added to the exhibits in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. While the lion is perhaps the most characteristic and well-known of African animals, the Museum has up to date lacked any satis- factory typical habitat group of them to match the habitat groups of other animals, and the present specimens are arriving at a most opportune time for the creation of an exhibit of this kind. Miss Malvina Hoffman reports most satisfactory progress on the work she has been commissioned to perform for the Museum. She has spent a large part of the past year in Europe in consultation with leading anthropologists, and in independent research in connec- tion with her task of preparing the figures, busts and face masks by which the races of the world will be represented in the projected Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. Two of the figures for the hall have already been completed by Miss Hoffman. Further zoological specimens were received as a result of the Central Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural , History, in which Field Museum cooperated. Dr. Roy Chapman) Andrews is leader of the expedition. The Museum’s unprovided for operating deficit for the year 1930 was $114,898.71 after all contributions. [ / JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 289 Many benefactions, in both money and material, were received by the Museum during the year, for which expressions of thanks are herewith renewed. Acknowledgments of contributions of funds follow: As noted in the Report for 1929, the late Mr. Chauncey Keep provided in his will a legacy of $50,000 for Field Museum. This amount was received in 1930 from the estate of Mr. Keep, and will be devoted to the preparation of a memorial hall bearing his name. There was further received from the Estate of Chauncey Keep payment of $10,600, the amount due on Mr. Keep’s pledge to the Yale University Press Film Service, Inc., for remaking for Field Museum fifty-three films of the ‘‘Chronicles of America” series. The Museum now possesses forty-seven of these films. An offer was made by Mrs. Charles H. Schweppe to contribute $18,000 for a group in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. The offer was accepted, and the money will be applied to preparation of the “Unity of Man” bronze group planned for this hall. Mr. Marshall Field contributed $46,000 toward the cost of Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. A contribution of $150,000 was also received from Mr. Marshall Field, for use in meeting part of the operating expenses of the Museum during 1930. Mr. Martin A. Ryerson contributed $10,000 to the Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund. Mrs. James Nelson Raymond made a further contribution of $5,000 towards the operating expense of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. Contributions amounting to $7,819.25 were made by Mr. R. T. Crane, Jr. Of these, $2,000 was for the purchase of jade specimens, $390 for a notable brown-pink tourmaline now on exhibition in H. N. Higinbotham Hall, and the balance of $5,429.25 for the purchase of a rare specimen of rose topaz and another of black opal which will be added to the gem collections in 1931. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, in addition to financing a zoological expedition to Sikkim, India, made a contribution of $10,762.50 to cover the cost of publication of a portfolio of colored reproductions of a selected number of paintings of birds and mammals made by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes while a member of the Field Museum-— Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition in 1926-27. 290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Mrs. William H. Moore contributed $5,000 for the purchase of three exquisite pieces of jade for addition to the Museum’s collection. President Stanley Field contributed a total of $154,547.25. This amount represents six different contributions, as follows: $53,606 towards liquidation of the building fund deficit; $22,707.25 to meet the unprovided for remainder of the deficit for the year 1929; $50,000 to cover part of the operating deficit of the Museum for the year 1930; $15,600 to cover the operating expenses of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories of the Museum during 1930; $6,434 given to cancel the overdraft of the Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund income account; and $6,200 for the purchase of the remarkable Paragould meteorite, which is described elsewhere in this Report. Mr. Albert W. Harris gave $3,700 for the purchase of a new delivery truck to carry to the schools the exhibition cases circulated by the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum. Mr. William V. Kelley contributed $3,000 to meet the expense of gathering data and materials necessary for the completion of certain habitat groups of Asiatic mammals. A contribution of $50,000 was received from Mrs. E. Marshall Field to be devoted toward the operating expenses of the Museum during 1930. From the Rockefeller Foundation there was received a further grant of $5,000 for continuing the work of photographing type speci- mens of plants. Mrs. Louise E. Thorne contributed $2,000 toward the expense incurred in mounting for exhibition the walrus group now in Hall N, collected by the Thorne-Graves—Field Museum Arctic Expedition of 1929, which was sponsored and led by Messrs. Bruce Thorne and George Coe Graves II. Mr. Henry Graves, Jr., Mr. George Coe Graves II, and Mr. Bruce Thorne also each contributed $1,000 toward the preparation of this group. Mr. William J. Chalmers gave $834.85 for the purchase of speci- mens for addition to the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection in Hall 34. From the American Friends of China there was received $655, for the purchase of material for addition to the Chinese collections, details of which are given elsewhere herein. The South Park Commissioners turned over to the Museum $205,911.15 representing the amount due the Museum under the tax levy authorized for this purpose by the state legislature. Of JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 291 this amount $150,000 was used to retire the tax anticipation warrants issued by the South Park Commissioners. The balance of $55,911.15 was in cash payments made in the usual way. As in the past the Museum during 1930 was the recipient of gifts of material for the collections of the various Departments. Such gifts are deeply appreciated, not only because of the value they add to the collections, but also for the active interest which they indicate is being taken in the growth and development of the Museum by its friends. Details of the acquisitions of the year are given in the departmental sections of this Report, and in the LIST oF ACCESSIONS beginning on page 424. Among noteworthy gifts were a 745-pound stone meteorite, presented by President Stanley Field; a crystal of beryl weighing nearly 1,000 pounds, the gift of Mr. William J. Chalmers; a cut, brown-pink gem tourmaline weighing fifty-eight carats presented by Mr. R. T. Crane, Jr.; six old and valuable Navaho Indian blankets given by Mr. Burridge D. Butler of Chicago; a beautiful Pompeian glass amphora and its original bronze holder presented by Mr. L. M. Willis of Chicago; a rare old Chinese painting, a carved rhinoceros horn, a prehistoric pottery jar, a gilt bronzine, and a white porcelain jar, all from China, purchased with funds provided by the American Friends of China, Chicago; three outstanding jade objects presented by Mrs. William H. Moore of New York; five important objects of Chinese jade acquired through the generosity of Mr. R. T. Crane, Jr.; a translucent jade dish given by Mrs. George T. Smith of Chicago; a plastron of a turtle inscribed in Chinese characters of about 1500 B.c., which is of great scientific interest, presented by Mr. A. W. Bahr of New York; a Chinese metal mirror of high artistic quality given by Mrs. Charles H. Schweppe of Chicago, and two mortuary clay figures of horsewomen playing polo presented by Mr. David Weber of Chicago. In addition to the above, noteworthy collections and specimens were received as gifts from many other individuals and institutions, among whom are the following: Mr. C. F. Buhmann, Davenport, Iowa; Rev. H. A. Cotton, Warrensburg, Illinois; Dr. I. W. Drummond, New York; Mr. William B. Greenlee, Chicago; Dr. Martin Gusinde, Vienna, Austria; Haskell Museum, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago; Mr. N. M. Heeramaneck, New York; Mr. Thomas 8. Hughes, Chicago; Professor Stephen Langdon, Oxford, England; Mr. Lee Ling Yiin, Shanghai, China; Museum of Science and Industrial Arts, Chicago; Mr. Henry J. Patten, Chicago; Professor Samuel J. Record, New Haven, Connecticut; Mr. J. A. 292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Skelton, Sonsonate, Salvador; Mr. Frank von Drasek, Cicero, Illinois; Mr. Sidney Weiss, Chicago; Dr. Ralph M. Whitehead, New York; British Museum (Natural History), London; Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippine Islands; Dr. Will J. Cameron, Chicago; Miss Emily A. Clark, Chicago; Mr. Henry Field, Chicago; General Biological Supply House, Chicago; Illinois Humane Society, Chicago; Dr. A. C. Kinsey, Bloomington, Indiana; Mr. Fred Lew, Stadra, California; Lincoln Park Aquarium, Chicago; Mr. Honore Palmer, Chicago; Mr. John Wentworth, Chicago; Dr. Alfred S. Romer, Chicago; John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago; the Hon. Dilipat Singh, Singahi, Oudh, India; Professor J. K. Strecker, Waco, Texas; United States Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D.C.; Mr. H. C. Benke, Chicago; Mrs. Leonora S. Curtin, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Direccién General de Agricultura, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Mr. G. L. Fisher, Houston, Texas; Professor A. O. Garrett, Salt Lake City, Utah; Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware; Professor L. A. Kenoyer, Kalamazoo, Michigan; Mr. C. L. Lundell, Dallas, Texas; Yale University, School of Forestry, New Haven, Connecticut; Mr. Franklin Hardinge, Chicago; Mr. H. H. Nininger, Palmer Lake, Colorado; Mr. William B. Pitts, Sunnyvale, California; Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Chicago; Sullivan Machinery Company, Denver, Colorado; Estate of John Telling, Chicago; United Fruit Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Compton and Company, Chicago; Paramount News Films, Chicago; Spoor and Abhe Film Corporation, Chicago; Captain Harold A. White, New York, and United States Steel Corporation, New York. These are but a few of the many contributors. A complete list of them and their gifts appears in the LIST OF ACCESSIONS beginning on page 424, and detailed descriptions of the various gifts appear in the section of this Report under the heading ACCESSIONS, beginning on page 354. Other noteworthy additions to the collections were acquired through Museum expeditions, purchases, and through exchange with other institutions. Details of these will be found in the section of this Report relating to ACCESSIONS (p. 354), and they are listed in the List OF ACCESSIONS (p. 424). Among the most notable of these are more than 200 objects obtained on the Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest, and a collection of Navaho Indian jewelry which was purchased. A contribution of $300 was made by the Museum as an annual payment to the Institute for Research in Tropical America, located on Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, Panama. JAN. 19381 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 293 All Departments and Divisions of the Museum show satisfactory progress in their work during the year. In addition to the activities already described in the foregoing pages, much has been accomplished in such branches as improvement and enlargement of the special collections and facilities for study purposes; in cataloguing, inven- torying and labeling thousands of specimens; and in conducting scientific research into a host of subjects. As usual, there has been much public service rendered in the form of answering many inquiries made daily by persons in need of information upon a wide variety of subjects within the scope of the institution. Details of these various types of activity appear elsewhere in this Report. The annual spring and summer courses of free illustrated lectures on science and travel were given for the general public in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum, and also a series of special lectures for Members of the Museum. Response to these offerings was gratifying, as may be seen in the statement of the attendance they attracted, given on page 308. With an increased number of schools on its list to receive service, and an increase in the number of traveling exhibition cases in circula- tion, the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension carried on its work of supplementing, by visual education methods, the studies presented in the regular curriculum of the city schools. A full account of this Department’s activities appears on page 411. The varied activities of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures reached the greatest number of children on record for any year thus far in the history of this division of the Museum. As in previous years, these activities included the sending of extension lecturers with lantern slides to the schools; the presentation of spring, summer and autumn series of free motion pictures and other forms of educa- tional entertainments in the James Simpson Theatre; tours of the Museum exhibits for groups of visiting children; and other types of work which are treated at length in this Report, beginning on page 304. For adults, guide-lecture tours were continued as in past years on a schedule of two tours daily except Saturdays and Sundays. A wide variety of subjects was covered, and gratifying public interest was evinced in the opportunity presented by these tours. In addi- tion to the regular public tours of this type, special guide-lecture service for groups requesting it was made available, as has been the practice in the past. 294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Many large groups of visitors from downstate Illinois were brought to the Museum under the auspices of the Chicago Enter- tainment Committee, as a feature of its educational tours of the city. Groups included both school children and adults, and were formed in cities, towns, villages and rural districts. Kiwanis, Lions, Rotary and similar clubs and civic organizations in the various places cooperated in organizing the parties, and the railroads extended special low rates. A series of six radio lectures on exploration and the results of scientific research was given by the Director and other members of the scientific staff over broadcasting station WLS (The Prairie Farmer station). Other contacts with the public were made by means of the radio at various times during the year. The Library of the Museum, in addition to its constant service as a source of information to assist the scientific staff, also served many visitors from outside. These were largely students from universities in and about Chicago. The Library was of service also to a number of authors, editors, manufacturers’ representatives seeking data, teachers, persons engaged in scientific work, and other persons in need of information on subjects within the scope of the 92,500 books and pamphlets on its shelves. Students, persons engaged in research, and others obtained valuable service from the collections of study material maintained in the various Departments of the Museum. Such Divisions of the Museum as Public Relations, Publications, Memberships, Printing, Roentgenology, Photography, and IIlustra- tion all accomplished important work during the year, of which detailed accounts will be found in various sections of this Report. Scientific publications, popular leaflets, and other printed matter of the Museum continued to be issued on a large scale. In addition to continuing the usual series, the Museum published Flora of the Indiana Dunes, a pocket-size handbook of special value to all nature lovers in the Chicago region, and the portfolio of beautiful colored reproductions of paintings of birds and mammals by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes, member of the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition. The latter was made possible by the con- tribution, elsewhere mentioned, of Mr. C. Suydam Cutting. Great progress was made in the development of electrical and chemical treatments to remove malignant patina from ancient bronzes, under the supervision of Mr. Henry W. Nichols, Associate Curator of Geology. A publication setting forth these methods of qusIUy “YY seeyO Aq poyuleg “Weyely “yY Wseuly Jo 47D (8€ 1l@H) WeH Weyein -y youl VOINAWY HLUON JO SIVWWVW ANAOOIN UdddA dO NOLLVYOLSAY ‘ONILNIVd TVUNW AIXX ¥Id ‘IITA “IOA ‘s}Hodey JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 295 treatment, prepared by Mr. Nichols, was issued in the Museum’s Technique Series. A monthly bulletin, Field Museum News, was inaugurated at the beginning of the year. This bulletin is sent to all Members of the Museum to keep them in close touch with the activities of the institution. Many pictures of new exhibits, as well as news reports and announcements, are published in it. A more detailed account of this undertaking, as well as a summary of the general publicity obtained for the Museum in newspapers and periodicals and the advertising carried on through various media generously placed at the disposal of the Museum, will be found in this Report under the heading DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS (p. 418). Since the spring of 1930 transportation facilities for reaching the Museum have been greatly improved, due to the inauguration of bus service direct to the doors of the institution by the Chicago Motor Coach Company’s Jackson Boulevard (No. 26) line, with transfer privileges between this and all connecting lines of the company. The University of Chicago, at its convocation in December, con- ferred upon President Stanley Field an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, in recognition of the great public service he has rendered through his work and his benefactions as a Trustee, and as President of the Museum. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of the Department of Zoology, spent three months in London studying type specimens of mammals in the British Museum (Natural History) for the purpose of com- parison with specimens obtained by the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern Asia. Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator of Birds, spent several months in Europe on an ornithological research mission for Field Museum. He took with him a number of rare bird specimens collected by the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition, the Marshall Field South American Expedition, and others, for comparison with type specimens in museums of Great Britain, France, Germany and other countries. Dr. Hellmayr was awarded the great silver medal of the Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, for his meritorious work on South American birds. Mr. J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy, who has been in Europe since the beginning of the year to obtain photo- graphs of type specimens of tropical American plants under the pro- visions of the grant of funds made by the Rockefeller Foundation, 296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII was assigned as Field Museum’s representative to the section of nomenclature of the International Botanical Congress at Cambridge, England. Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, represented the Museum at the Congress’ informal conference on woods. Professor Samuel J. Record, the Museum’s Research Associate in Wood Technology, attended the Congress as the repre- sentative of Yale University, where he is Professor of Forest Products in the School of Forestry. The cordial relations existing between Field Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University were con- tinued and furthered during the year by mutually advantageous exchanges of material and by personal contacts of staff members. Dr. Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, spent several days visiting Field Museum in June, and later Dr. Glover M. Allen, Curator of Mammals of the same institution and Associate Professor of Zoology at Harvard University, came to Field Museum for conference with the zoological staff and for the selection of material for exchange. Likewise, Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles at Field Museum, went to Cambridge for research work on specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and to make preliminary arrangements for exchanges. Further cooperation between the two institutions was carried out by the collaboration of Mr. Outram Bangs, Curator of Birds of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in the preparation of a report for publication by Field Museum on the collection of birds obtained by the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition. There were few changes in the Museum staff during the year. Mr. John T. Zimmer resigned his post as Assistant Curator of Birds, to become Associate Curator of Birds at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Miss Elsie Lippincott, Librarian of the Museum for thirty-three years, resigned on account of ill health. Her resignation was accepted with regret, and with full appreciation of the long and faithful service she had rendered. The vacancy was filled by the promotion of Mrs. Emily Wilcoxson, formerly Assistant Librarian. Mrs. Mary W. Baker has been appointed Assistant Librarian. The services of Dr. T. George Allen of the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, were re-engaged through 1930 in order to continue the work necessary for the classification and labeling of Egyptian archaeological material. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 297 Mr. Milton Copulos, who was a plant modeler in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories some years ago, returned to this position in 1930. Mr. John H. Wolcott was employed as a preparator in these Laboratories. Mr. Eugene Leitham was employed as a plant mounter in the Department of Botany. Mr. Paul Nieh was employed for some months as a preparator in vertebrate paleontology. Following his departure, Mr. J. H. Quinn was employed in this position. Mr. James Mooney was employed for temporary work in the Division of Fishes during July, August and September. Mr. Dominick Villa has been employed as a skin-dresser in the Department of Zoology. Mr. Pierce Brodkorb was temporarily engaged for work in the Division of Birds during October, November and December. Mr. Herman Hinrichs, assistant in taxidermy, resigned. The title of Miss Lillian A. Ross, employed as proofreader in the Division of Printing in 1929, was changed to Editor in 1930. In the Division of Printing the working force was considerably reduced by the resignation of two compositors, one pressman, one monotype operator, and one bindery girl. Of these, it was necessary to replace only the monotype operator. The resignations, with the exception of the bindery girl, represent the workers formerly em- ployed on a temporary night shift, which, with the exception of night work on the monotype machine, has been discontinued because work in the Division has caught up to the point where the regular day shift can handle it adequately. It is gratifying to report that the Division of Printing has been able to keep pace in label printing not only with the progress of installation, but also to carry on simultaneously the reprinting of a large number of the new style labels for previously installed exhibits. Three Museum employes died during the year. Mr. Walter H. Beardsley, a preparator in the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, who had worked for the Museum more than twenty years, died suddenly on June 17. Insurance amounting to $4,000 under the Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund was paid to his widow. Mr. Charles Kuhn, sergeant of the night guard, died on January 4. At the time of his death he was the oldest in length of service of all employes of the Museum. Under the Museum Employes’ Pension Fund his widow was paid $4,000. Mr. Frank Hubacher, mailing clerk, died on June 9. His widow received $2,500 298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII under the insurance provided through the Museum Employes’ Pension Fund. The Museum’s janitors have been provided with neat washable uniforms. This has resulted in improvement of the appearance of this type of personnel wherever their work brings them into the view of Museum visitors. The James Simpson Theatre of the Museum was made available to Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge for the presentation of a Festival of Chamber Music which she sponsored, consisting of five concerts. The Chicago Geographic Society in 1930 vacated the large room on the third floor which it had used as an office for several years. This room, No. 4, is now being used for the cryptogamic herbarium and the Illinois herbarium of the Department of Botany. Proper attention was given during the year to maintenance, and many notable improvements in the physical aspects of the building and its facilities were made. A number of the more important improvements are noted in the following pages. The old benches, which for years served their purpose both in the former Jackson Park building of the Museum and in Stanley Field Hall since the occupancy of the present structure, have been replaced with fourteen especially constructed massive mahogany benches. These new benches are constructed on extremely comfort- able lines, and are very attractive in appearance. Not only do they add to the appearance of Stanley Field Hall, but they afford seating capacity for a greater number of persons. The program of painting exhibition halls which began in 1929, when fourteen halls were painted, was carried on during 1930, and at the close of the year only a few exhibition halls which have not yet been opened to the public remained to be done. Marked indeed is the betterment in the appearance of the halls which have been painted. Especially impressive is the contrast which may now be observed in Stanley Field Hall as compared with its appearance prior to the undertaking of this extremely extensive painting task. In addition to the painting of exhibition halls done under contract, the Museum’s own force of painters completed the painting of thirteen rooms, departmental offices, laboratories, shops and storage rooms on the third and ground floors, as well as the entire fourth floor and attic, and the girders in the latter place. Two hundred and twenty new glassteel electric lighting fixtures were installed. The lighting fixtures in Ernest R. Graham Hall , oe " we a © GROUP OF SOUTH AMERICAN MARSH DEER Wall of American Mammal Habitat Groups (Hall 16) JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 299 were replaced with — special indirect lighting fixture. In this hall two large cases were also wired, and experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light boxes over the free-standing cases used for some of the exhibits. New lighting fixtures were installed in Hall 19, and at the north entrance to the building. On the ground floor Hall A was rewired, and forty-six glassteel lighting fixtures installed. Subsequently this hall became Joseph N. Field Hall, following the removal into it of the Melanesian collections from Hall 10 on the first floor, which was formerly Joseph N. Field Hall. Asa safeguard for visitors to the Hall of Marine Mammals, opened during 1930 at the time of completion of the new sea-lion and walrus groups, bronze handrails of a pleasing appearance were erected on the stairs leading to the hall. Fifteen built-in cases for habitat groups of Asiatic mammals were completed in William V. Kelley Hall, and one case, approximately forty-seven feet wide, twenty feet deep, and twenty-two feet high, was constructed for an African water hole group, to be installed in the south end of Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. The first built-in case in the new Hall O on the ground floor, which is to be devoted to habitat groups of fishes and systematic fish collections, was completed in preparation for installation of the first habitat group. This case is approximately thirty-seven feet wide and fifteen feet deep. The air duct in the corridor along the cafeteria was rerouted, and the old duct was removed, as was the old pipe over it, in order to make way for this case. Twenty-four mahogany cases for the systematic collections of birds and mammals were purchased, as were one case for an exhibit of the sago palm, and one for a reproduction of a pineapple plant. In ten exhibition halls 132 windows were closed with paneling of homasote insulating board on the exterior, and gypsum board for fireproofing on the interior, the latter colored to match the walls. A contract was entered into with a window cleaning concern to wash periodically all windows. The result of such attention has been to improve decidedly the appearance of the building. The Museum’s own maintenance force will continue to carry on the cleaning of windows when conditions require it. The walls and ceilings of the two public lavatories were covered with chromite, in pleasing colors and designs. The facilities in 300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII these rooms were improved by having the nickel trimmings and fixtures chromium plated, and by replacing all the old flush valves with a more modern type of valves. In accordance with the Museum’s policy to eliminate as far as possible all fire hazards caused by wooden shelving, cabinets, etc., as well as to give better protection to material in storage and to stocks of needed supplies and equipment, seven steel and enameled cupboards were erected in the Division of Photography. By installation of 220 metal self-closing individual containers, provisions have been made for the safe and efficient filing and handling of the Museum’s increasing number of motion picture reels. These containers are assembled in rows, and each container will bear a label telling its contents and other required information. The care and supervision of these reels, as well as of all stereopticon lecture slides, has been assigned to the staff of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. Much was done in the way of providing improved storage facilities for scientific material. Twenty-four steel storage cabinets with racks and 500 trays were provided for birds and mammals. One block of three steel units fitted with racks and glass-topped drawers was provided for insects. Five blocks of twelve steel units each were installed for storing physical anthropology material. Six blocks of eight units each were added to the Herbarium. Wooden storage racks in the Division of Fishes were replaced with 4,300 square feet of enameled steel shelving. Likewise, wooden racks in eight storage rooms of the Department of Anthropology were replaced with 13,200 square feet of enameled steel shelving, thus increasing storage capacity one-third. Room 55 on the third floor was converted from a storage room for ethnological material into a light, attractive room for the use of students desiring to use the anthropological study collections. The skin storage rooms were equipped with pipe hangers. Light and motor power lines were installed for the skin treatment room. Lights were provided for the bone storage cabinets on the fourth floor. Lights were installed also over the stacks in Room 81, con- taining the office and storage space of the Division of Fishes, and Room 77, storage room of the Division of Mammals. One new leathering tub and one dusting cage have been added to the equipment of the taxidermy shop. In the skylight over Stanley Field Hall the gutter drains were changed to one and one-half inch galvanized pipe to facilitate the JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 301 drainage of water collecting there due to condensation, and fourteen fan-heating units were installed to heat the glass of the skylight to prevent condensation. To prevent any damage to the ceiling of Stanley Field Hall in case of condensation or leakage of the main skylight, the entire structural tile surfaces were given a coat of cement plaster, and two coats of waterproof paint, and all exposed steel trusses were given one coat of paint. The large skylights in the studio of the Division of Photography, and the artists’ room of the Department of Botany, were rebuilt with nonpareil bars and ribbed wired glass. Four smaller sky- lights in the taxidermy shop were likewise rebuilt. This change resulted in the elimination of dripping of water caused by conden- sation, and also produced a decided improvement in lighting con- ditions, so important for the special types of work carried on in these rooms. The tuck pointing of all exterior walls, cornices, and parapet walls, started in 1928 and carried on in 1929, was continued in 1930, and the entire exterior of the building was completed with the excep- tion of the north and south steps. Work was begun to provide protection against water seepage under the steps at the north and south entrances of the building. To protect the steel girders the tile work encasing the girders had to be removed, and as the tiles performed a structural function they had to be replaced by small I-beams. For waterproofing on the outside the marble joints were cut to a sufficient width to allow an adequate cement-mortar joint to be made, and this was capped with a mastic cap. This work was started late in October and was still in progress at the end of the year. Due to the ravages of the weather it was necessary to replace the canvas canopy leading to the west door with a new one. Settling of the ground at the west entrance of the Museum made it necessary to re-lay the cement sidewalk approach. An emergency water line was installed from the Museum’s pumps through the tunnel leading to Soldier Field. All boiler settings were repaired, and two new arches were installed over the furnaces. Steam for heating was furnished to the Shedd Aquarium, the supply being governed by weather conditions. During the winter months twenty-four hour service was maintained. Steam was also furnished to the building on Soldier Field from November 26 to December 5. 302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS GENERAL LECTURES.—The Museum’s fifty-third and fifty-fourth courses of free lectures for the public were given in the James Simpson Theatre months. on Saturday afternoons during the spring and autumn They were illustrated by motion pictures and stereopticon slides. Following are the programs of both courses: March March March March March April April Apr in April October October October October FIFTY-THIRD FREE LECTURE COURSE 1—Australian Aborigines. Captain Kilroy Harris, D.S.O., F.R.G.S., Cleveland, Ohio. 8—Bali, Borneo and Sumatra. Mr. H. C. Ostrander, Yonkers, New York. 15—Himalayan Exploration. Captain John B. Noel, London, England. 22—Afghanistan. Mr. Jackson Fleming, New York. 29—To New Guinea for Living Birds of Paradise. Mr. Lee Crandall, Curator of the New York Zoological Park. 5—Bird Enchantment. Mr. T. Walter Weiseman, Lakewood, Ohio. 12—The Wonderland of Plants. Mr. A. C. Pillsbury, Berkeley, California. 19—A Naturalist in the South Seas. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles, Field Museum; leader of the scientific section of the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition of Field Museum, 1928-29. 26—Indian Cultures of the Southwest. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology, Field Museum. FIFTY-FOURTH FREE LECTURE COURSE 4—Picturesque Japan. Mr. Horace E. Coleman, Chicago (a resident of Japan for more than twenty years). 11—Primitive Tribes of Angola, Portuguese West Africa. Mr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, Field Museum; leader of the Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa, 1929-30. 18—Botanical Collecting along the Upper Amazon. Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, Field Museum; leader of the Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to Peru, 1929-80. 25—Madagascar and Her People. Dr. Ralph Linton, Professor of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin (leader of the Marshall Field Ethnological Expedition to Madagascar for Field Museum, 1925-27). JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 303 November 1—On Horseback to the Glacial Age. Mr. Walter L. Payne, Department of Public Instruction, Bureau of Commercial Economics, Washington, D.C. November 8—Archaeological Explorations in the Maya Field and a Description of the Aztec and Maya Hieroglyphic Writings. ne Sylvanus G. Morley, Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C. November 15—Will Insects Displace Man? Mr. Brayton Eddy, Providence, Rhode Island. November 22—Siam and Indo-China. Mr. H. C. Ostrander, Yonkers, New York. November 29—With Pinchot in the South Seas. Mr. Howard Cleaves, Pinchot South Sea Expedition, 1929. The total attendance at these eighteen lectures was 22,186. In addition to the regular spring and autumn courses, the follow- ing special lectures were given for Members of Field Museum: January 12—The Rainbow Isles of the Guinea Gulf. Mr. T. Alexander Barns, London, England. January 19—Shrinkers of Human Heads. Dr. Herbert Spencer Dickey, New York. January 26—Through Southern Abyssinia. Mr. C. J. Albrecht, Department of Zoology, Field Museum; member of the Harold White—John Coats—Field Museum Expedi- tion to Southern Abyssinia. February 9—Sea Hawks. Captain C. W. R. Knight, London, England. November 16—Primitive Tribes of Angola, Portuguese West Africa. Mr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, Field Museum; leader of the Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa. (Note: Delivered by Mr. J. Eric Thompson for Mr. Hambly.) November 23—Hunting Tigers and Other Mammals in India. Mr. Arthur 8. Vernay, New York. November 30—With Pinchot in the South Seas. Mr. Howard Cleaves, Pinchot South Sea Expedition, 1929. December 7—Amazonian Jungles and Andean Trails. Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, Field Museum; leader of the Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to Peru, 1929-30. December 14—Excavation in a Prehistoric Village in Colorado. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology, Field Museum; leader of the Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest, 1930. The total attendance at these nine special lectures was 5,417. The total number of lectures for adults was twenty-seven, and the total attendance at them was 27,603. 304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES By action of the Board of Trustees of the Museum, the name of the division formerly known as the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children’s Lecture Division was changed in 1930 to that designated above. ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN.—The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation has continued to provide both lecture and entertainment programs for children. These programs have been presented in the Museum, and also outside in schools and camps. Three series of entertainments were offered during the year. As in the past, the spring and autumn courses were given on Saturdays in the James Simpson Theatre, and the summer series, offered on Thursdays during July and August, was given in the exhibition halls and in the Theatre. Following are the programs of these three series of entertainments: SPRING COURSE February 22—Washington’s Birthday. Gateway to the West.* Yorktown.* March _ 1—Across St. Gothard’s Alps. A Fossil Cycad. Making Cement. Fish and Fowls. Hunting Wild Animals in India. March 8—Glimpses of Japan. Japanese Scenery. Rice Growing and Wrestlers. Silk Industry. Boys and Girls. Old Moose Trails. March 15—The Doings of “Turp” and “Tine.” Strip Mining. 20,000 Leagues under the Sea. Among the Naskapi Indians. March 22—Transportation through the Ages. Bedouins of the Sahara. Jewels of Industry. Whistling Swans. March 29—Story of Paper and Printing. Romance of Rayon. The Rook. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 305 April 5—Persimmons in China. Magic Yellowstone. Knights of the Air. The Ant. Our Spring Birds. April 12—The Potter’s Wheel. Wizardry of Wireless. The Butterfly. Our Spring Wild Flowers. April 19—Getting Canada’s Goat. Edison, the Wizard. Lions and Other African Animals. April 26—Daniel Boone.* The Grand Canyon. Adopting a Bear Cub. *Gift to the Museum from the late Mr. Chauncey Keep. The total attendance at these ten entertainments was 15,058. AUTUMN COURSE October 4—Friend Snail. Drifting Dunes. The Silver Swimmer. Undersea Life. Nesting of the Sea Turtle. October 11—Columbus.* Lions on the Rocks. October 18—The Story of Petroleum. (Lecture illustrated with motion pictures.) Musquash, the Muskrat. October 25—Hungarian Farmers. Our Daily Bread. The Coon Hunt. November 1—In Mexico. Enamelware. The Last of the Seminoles. A Four-footed Columbus. November 8—Trees to Tribunes. The Last Stand of the Red Man. Sacred Baboons. November 15—How a Volcano Works. Active Volcano in Hawaii. Aloha Land. The Cobra and the Mongoose. Strange Animal Habits. November 22—Beautiful Corsica. A Persian Wedding. Egypt, Old and New. The Taj Mahal. November 29—The Puritans.* Peter Stuyvesant. * 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII December 6—On the Trail of the Dik Dik. The Stork. Castles of Paper. Winter Pep. *Gift to the Museum from the late Mr. Chauncey Keep. The total attendance at the ten fall entertainments was 15,020. The summer course was planned to help meet the needs of children for wholesome entertainments during the summer vacation, and consisted of special tours of the exhibition halls, and motion pictures and story-hours in the James Simpson Theatre. The programs were as follows: July 10—Tour: Animal Life of Plains and Deserts. Motion Picture: Chang. July 17—Story-hour: A Day in Japan. Tour: The Japanese Hall. July 24—Tour: The Insect Laboratory. Motion Pictures: Six-legged Friends. Cabbage Butterflies. Singing and Stinging. Honey Makers. Baby Songbirds at Mealtime. July 31—Tour: Halls Illustrating Life in the South Seas. Motion Picture: Bali, the Unknown. August 7—Story-hour: A Trip to Eskimo Land. Tour: The Eskimo Hall. August 14—Tour: Plants and Animals Used by the Pioneers. Motion Pictures: Vincennes. * The Frontier Woman.* *Gift to the Museum from the late Mr. Chauncey Keep. The total number of groups handled during this summer course was thirty-six and the attendance was 8,528. Of this number 3,198 represents the tour attendance, and 5,330 the theatre attendance. Three special programs were given during the winter: January 18—Story-hour: Bobbie Robin. Motion Pictures: The Ladybird. Peter, the Raven. January 25—Story-hour: A Trip to Banana Land. Motion Pictures: Banana Land. Cruising in the Arctic. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 307 February 12—Motion Pictures: Abraham Lincoln. My Mother. My First Jury. My Native Land. The total attendance at the special programs was 4,385. In all, twenty-nine different programs were offered free to the children of the city and suburbs during the year, and the total attendance at these programs was 42,991. That the children’s entertainments are filling a definite need is evidenced by the excellent cooperation extended to the Museum in giving publicity to these programs. Both newspapers and radio stations have helped. Many suburban papers have printed the programs, and from time to time have called attention to special features on the programs. The following were especially consistent in their efforts to further the work of the Museum in behalf of the young people of the community: the Chicago Daily News and Radio Station WMAQ; the Prairie Farmer and Station WLS; the Chicago Tribune and Station WGN; Station WCFL; the Chicago Evening American; the Chicago Daily Illustrated Times; the Chicago Herald and Examiner, and the Chicago Evening Post. Thanks for films and slides loaned for the programs are due to the United States Department of Agriculture, the Rothacker Film Corporation, the Izaak Walton League, the General Electric Com- pany, the Sinclair Refining Company, the Chicago Public Library, and the Art Institute of Chicago. Three series of Museum Stories for Children were written by members of the Raymond Foundation staff, and copies were handed to all attending the entertainments. During the summer the stories were kept at the North Door and handed to visiting children. Several schools and libraries are using the stories as natural history source material. The following list gives an idea of the variety of topics to be found in Series XIII, XIV and XV of Museum Stories for Children: Story of Limestone. Story of Mr. and Mrs. Garter Snake. Holidays and Games of Japanese Sand Dunes. Children. Sea Weeds. ee Carbon. Musquash, the Muskrat. Paper and Silk from Plants. asd of Bread. A Feathered Fisherman. ee Common Flower Friends. Totem Poles. Cats of Many Lands. Volcanoes. The Grand Canyon. The Taj Mahal. Trap Plants. Storks. 308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII A total of 45,000 copies of these stories was printed and distributed. LECTURE TOURS FOR CHILDREN.—The number of groups from public, parochial, and private schools was the largest handled since the guide-lecture service was inaugurated. Special emphasis was placed on tours which correlated with school curriculums or were of special value to children’s clubs, and Scout or church groups. The following table shows how the groups were distributed: Number of Attendance schools Tours for children of the Chicago schools Chicago public schools............. 269 11,338 Chicago parochial schools.......... 28 970 Chicago private schools............ 15 273 Tours for children of suburban schools Suburban public schools........... 181 6,559 Suburban parochial schools......... 12 620 Suburban private schools........... 20 413 Tours for special groups Childrentsiclubs?a.ciccuce cee eee 34 1,984 Otheriorganizations..-4.5- bn cee 45 3,886 Out-of-town groups................ 4 1,100 In all, 608 groups were given guide-lecture service and the attendance was 27,143. EXTENSION LECTURES.—Extension lectures were offered, as in previous years, to the public schools of the city. The subjects pre- sented in the junior and senior high schools were as follows: Field Museum and Its Work. The Romans: Their Arts and Animals of the Past. Customs. Animals of the Chicago Area. Trees of the Chicago Area. Bird Life. : : Reptiles and Insects. Wild Flowers of the Chicago Area. The Ancient Egyptians. Story of Iron and Steel. For presentation in the elementary schools the following series was offered: For Geography and History Groups—South America. North American Indians. Glimpses of Chinese Life. Native Life of the Philippines. Marcus, the Roman. Ptahhotep, the Egyptian. Migisi, the Indian Lad. Field Museum and Its Work. A Trip to Banana Land. Coffee, Chocolate and Tea. Story of Coal and Iron. Story of Cotton and Flax. Story of Silk and Wool. Food Fishes of the World. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 309 For Science and Nature Study Groups—African Animals. American Fur-bearers. Chicago Birds. Chicago Mammals. Chicago Trees. Chicago Wild Flowers. These lectures were given also before school clubs, parent-teacher associations, at conferences, and at camps. The following table gives an idea of the groups reached by Field Museum extension lecturers during the year: Number of Attendance groups In Chicago public schools........... 604 206,678 Parent-teacher associations.......... 4 845 Foreign mother groups .............. 2 165 NENOGI CLUS eee einen teil aerate eriere 8 423 Camps Algonquin and Wasepe....... 26 1,666 The total number of extension lectures presented by the staff of the Raymond Foundation was 644, and the total attendance at these was 209,777. ACCESSIONS.—The Raymond Foundation acquired during the year 576 stereopticon slides for use in the extension lectures; 22 negatives for making slides; and 125 prints for the office records, all made by the Division of Photography. It also received as gifts from the United Fruit Company, Boston, 16 additional slides for the lecture “A Trip to Banana Land,” and 26 copies of the revised version of the lecture. Compton and Company, Chicago publishers, presented as a gift a set of Compton’s Pictured Encyclopedia in ten volumes. NATURE STUDY COURSE In response to a request from the Educational Director of the Chicago Council of Boy Scouts of America, a series of talks on natural history topics was especially arranged for the scoutmasters of the city. The series consisted of five meetings. At eachea member of the Raymond staff presented a subject which would be of assistance to leaders of Scout groups, and also assisted in the conference which followed. The subjects covered were as follows: April 19—a. Geography of the Chicago Area. b. Study of Mammals. April 26—Birds of the Chicago Area. May 3—KEcology and Plant Life. May 10—Trees. May 17—Reptiles, Amphibians and Insects. The total number of these lectures and conferences was ten, and the attendance was 703. 310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VIII LECTURE TOURS FOR ADULTS As in the preceding years, the services of Museum guide-lecturers were offered, without charge, to clubs, conventions, and other organizations, and to Museum visitors in general. For the public 186 general tours and 376 tours covering specific exhibits were arranged. Printed monthly tour schedules were placed at the main entrance for distribution to visitors. Each month copies of the schedule were sent to libraries, social settlements, retail stores and to some of the railroads bringing special groups into the city. Five hundred and twenty-eight groups took advantage of the guide-lecture service during the year, with a total attendance of 8,684 individuals. EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS The use of the small lecture hall was extended to twenty-two educational and civic groups. These meetings were attended by 1,708 persons. On Armistice Day an Americanization program under the auspices of the Chicago Board of Education was held in the James Simpson Theatre. The attendance was 740. ; A series of Chamber Music Concerts, sponsored by Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, was presented in the Theatre on October 12, 13, 14,15 and16. The number of persons who attended them was 5,831. RADIO BROADCASTING Radio broadcasts by members of the Raymond Foundation staff were given in connection with the public school radio programs which are sponsored by Station WMAQ. During the year, twelve talks were presented to grades ranging from the first to the eighth. The talks given during September, October, November and December were planned to correlate with the new course of nature study being given in the elementary grades. During the summer course of entertainments, broadcasting ma- terial was prepared each week for the radio stations giving publicity to the children’s programs. TOTALS.—The total number of groups receiving instruction by means of lectures, entertainments and tours was 1,852, with an aggregate attendance of 314,276. This figure includes both the adults and the children participating in Museum educational activities. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Sik DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS The publications of the Museum, as in previous years, were generously distributed during 19380. To institutions and individuals engaged in scientific work there were sent 10,030 copies of scientific publications, 3,133 leaflets, and 2,427 miscellaneous publications. Also, 5,660 copies of the 1929 Annual Report of the Director, and 3,914 leaflets were sent to Members of Field Museum. Sales during the year totaled 1,041 scientific publications, 8,734 leaflets and 12,368 miscellaneous publications and pamphlets. Thirty-three large boxes of books were shipped to Washington, D.C., for distribution in foreign countries, through the exchange bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, to museums, research organ- izations, scientific societies and individuals from whom valuable exchange material is obtained for the Library of Field Museum. A like quantity of Museum books was sent by stamped mail to names on this institution’s domestic exchange list. The pressing need of more storage space for both the reserve and open stock of publications necessitated a readjustment of these books. Reconstruction of the racks in the vault housing this stock, numbering some 330,000 copies, provided the shelf space to hold these and many future publications. Supplementary to moving the packages of previously issued numbers from the old shelving and transferring them to the new racks, 1,010 packages of books issued in 1930 were wrapped and labeled for storage in the stock room. Two notable special publications were issued during the year. One of them is Flora of the Indiana Dunes by Donald C. Peattie, well-known writer and botanist, formerly on the staff of the United States Department of Agriculture. The book is a complete record in non-technical language of the 1,400 different kinds of plants found in the dunes area, long known as one of the richest and most interesting botanical regions in the United States. The popularity of this book during the flowering season of the year is indicated by its large sale. The second of these special publications was issued in November. It is a portfolio of accurate lithographic reproductions of paintings of birds and mammals, made by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes, noted American artist, while he was a member of the Field Museum- Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition of 1926-27. The publi- cation of these was made possible through the generosity of Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, an Honorary Member and Patron of Field Museum, 312 FIELD MuSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII who was also a member of the Abyssinian expedition. The original paintings, including 108 subjects, were purchased by Mr. Cutting after the artist’s untimely death and presented to the Museum. From this collection, thirty-two were selected for reproduction by offset lithography. Of these, twenty-eight are studies of birds and four of mammals, among them many of the finest and most character- istic species found in Abyssinia. At the time of his coronation, Field Museum presented to His Majesty the Emperor Haile Selassie I, of Ethiopia, a set of these reproductions in a handsomely bound portfolio of special design. In compliance with individual requests, the Museum sent out 110 copies of Field Museum and the Child, a pamphlet outlining the work carried on among the school children of Chicago, by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension and the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation of Field Museum. This pamphlet was given wide distribution during 1928 and 1929. As in former years, the Museum’s domestic as well as its foreign exchange list was increased by the addition of an appreciable number of names. Thirteen additions to the regular series of Field Museum publi- cations were issued, two of which were anthropological, seven botanical, three zoological and one the Annual Report of the Director for 1929. Besides these, five numbers were added to the general leaflet series, and two special publications, two memoirs, one tech- nique series item, and three guide numbers were published. Follow- ing is a detailed list of the various publications: Publication number 270.—Botanical Series, Vol. VII, No. 1. The Rubiaceae of Colombia. By Paul C. Standley. January 22,1930. 175 pages. Edition 1,000. 271.—Report Series, Vol. VIII, No. 1. Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1929. January, 1930. 265 pages, 20 photogravures. Edition 7,626. 272.—Zoological Series, Vol. XVIII, No. 1. Descriptions of Five New Indo- Chinese Birds. By Outram Bangs and Josselyn Van Tyne. April 9, 1930. 4 pages. Edition 1,010. 273.—Zoological Series, Vol. XVII, No. 6. Reptiles of the Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expedition, 1927-1928. By Karl P. Schmidt. May 10, 1930. 10 pages, 1 photogravure, 1 map and 1 zinc etching. Edition 1,048. 274.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XVII, No. 2. Ethnology of the Mayas of Southern and Central British Honduras. By J. Eric Thompson. cies 7, 1930. 191 pages, 24 photogravures and 1 map. Edition 0387. 275.—Botanical Series, Vol. IX, No.1. The Differential Analysis of Starches. By James B. McNair. June 19, 1930. 44 pages. Edition 1,074. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Sle 276.—Botanical Series, Vol. IX, No. 2. A Study of Some Characteristics of Vegetable Oils. By James B. McNair. June 19, 1980. 24 pages. Edition 1,024. 277.—Botanical Series, Vol. VIII, No. 1. Studies of American Plants—III. By Paul C. Standley. July 9, 1930. 74 pages. Edition 1,046. 278.—Botanical Series, Vol. VIII, No. 2. Spermatophytes, Mostly Peruvian —II. By J. Francis Macbride. July 9, 1980. 56 pages. Edition 1,054. 279.—Botanical Series, Vol. III, No. 3. Flora of Yucatan. By Paul C. Standley. September 11, 19380. 338 pages. Edition 1,224. 280.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XVIII, No. 2. Geophagy. By Berthold Laufer. September 26, 1930. 102 pages. Edition 1,530. 281.—Botanical Series, Vol. VIII, No. 8. Studies of American Plants—IV. By Paul C. Standley. October 22, 1930. 106 pages. Edition 1,045. 282.—Zoological Series, Vol. XVII, No. 7. Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition, 1922-1923. By John T. Zimmer. December 10, 19380. 250 pages, 1 map. Edition 1,028. LEAFLETS Anthropology, No. 29.—Tobacco and Its Use in Africa. By Berthold Laufer, Wilfrid D. Hambly and Ralph Linton. January 28, 1930. 45 pages, 6 photogravures. Edition 3,025. Botany, No. 14.—Indian Corn. By James B. McNair. February 6, 1930. 34 pages, 6 halftones, 1 cover design. Edition 4,925. Botany, No. 15.—Spices and Condiments. By James B. McNair. August 7, 19380. 64 pages, 11 zine etchings, 1 cover design. Edition 2,036. Botany, No. 16.—Fifty Common Plant Galls of the Chicago Area. By Carl F. Gronemann. September 4, 1930. 30 pages, 51 zinc etchings, 1 colored cover design. Edition 1,599. Zoology, No. 12.—The Salamanders of the Chicago Area. By Karl P. Schmidt. October 8, 1930. 16 pages, 2 photogravures, 1 zinc etching, 1 colored plate, 1 cover design. Edition 3,020. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS Anthropology, Memoirs, Vol. II, No. 2. Archaeological Explorations in Peru. Part II. The Northern Coast. By A. L. Kroeber. December, 1930. 72 pages, 17 photogravures, 3 zinc etchings, 1 map. Edition 1,515. Geology, Memoirs, Vol. I, No. 1. Studies of Fossil Mammals of South America. A Partial Skeleton of Homalodontotherium from the Santa Cruz Beds of Patagonia. By William Berryman Scott. New Carnivorous Marsupials from the Deseado Formation of Patagonia. By William J. Sinclair. June, 1930. 39 pages, 8 photogravures, 8 explanation pages. Edition 1,037. Flora of the Indiana Dunes. By Donald C. Peattie. May, 1930. 432 pages, 38 halftones. Edition 2,497. Technique Series, No. 3. Restoration of Ancient Bronzes and Cure of Malig- nant Patina. By Henry W. Nichols, with foreword by Berthold Laufer. August, 1930. 52 pages, 11 photogravures. Edition 1,040. Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals. From paintings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. November 17, 1930. A portfolio of 32 lithographs, and 4 pages of text by Wilfred H. Osgood. Edition 2,500. Anthropology, Guide, No. 6. Ethnology of Africa. By Wilfrid D. Hambly. January 28, 1930. 226 pages, 42 photogravures, 4 maps. Edition 1,216. 314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII General Guide. Thirteenth Edition. 38 pages, 1 photogravure, 3 zinc etch- ings. Edition 4,913. General Guide. Fourteenth Edition. 39 pages, 1 photogravure, 3 zinc etch- ings. Edition 9,060. Post CARDS.—The anticipated increase in picture post card sales was realized, the total number being 183,235, an increase of more than 22,000 over the 1929 sales. Further increases may be expected, as the conveniently located card stands permit easy selection of the large assortment of cards, to which are constantly being added new and interesting subjects. LIBRARY During the year there have been added 2,844 books and pamphlets to the Library, which was especially fortunate in receiving -publi- cations from many of its exchanges not represented in the previous year’s accessions. There were also a number of new exchanges arranged with societies and individuals both in this country and abroad which resulted in the acquisition of much valuable material. One of the aspirations of the Library is to complete more of the sets of important periodicals, and each year a little is accomplished in this direction. In 1930 the first fifty volumes of the Geographical Journal of the London Geographical Society were obtained, making the file complete. The early volumes of the American Fern Journal were purchased, and also some twenty of the early volumes of the Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. The Union List of Serials has proved to be an invaluable aid, and through its instrumentality opportunities are offered to complete or nearly complete various sets of periodicals. Gifts have been received that have strengthened various parts of the Library. Mr. G. A. Pfeiffer, of New York, recently presented the four volumes of:-the reprint of Nippon, by Franz von Siebold. This is an important addition to the collection of works on Japan, as it contains much regarding the early history of the country that can be obtained from no other source. Another gift of beautifully illustrated books of the art of Fusajiro Abe from Japan is a welcome addition to this same collection. It was presented by Mr. Abe himself, a resident of Sumiyoshi, near Kobe. From Georges-Marie Haardt were received La crosiére noire, Premiére traversée du Sahara en automobile, and other interesting material on Africa. Among the purchases of the year were Lindley, Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, 1830-40, and Bateman’s Second Cen- ezIs [2Nyoe Y4XIs-8uO AUOLSIN ITVUALVN JO WAASOW AIdId 40 NOISNA LX TOOHOS OLIANd SIUUVH “MN FHL Ad ODVOIHO AO STOOHOS GHL OL GANVOT ASVO AO AdAL 19Z-Z ON VoL NAmuad HAT) 0 Bp OUIAUO? CLUIpIANE® Asay aun AUWONG 248 HIM PTY MALL rpaeenony KUN Kem 290 eu) PUB siNeu 24) Ag pareynruy puM "Pe WOVESVANVD meng, (omit, Ye FAL mK SPN SIRNA A Ferd YOVESVANVD - : } » ste - . . : : ~ UJ - | - «* - we) : ETsRan : ears OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. . JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 315 tury of Orchidaceous Plants, 1867; Aiton, Hortus Kewensis, five volumes, 1810-13; Annales, Musei Botanici Lugduni Batavorum, four volumes, 1863-69; Ledebour and others, Flora Altaica, four volumes, 1829-33; Martius, Specimen Materiae Medicae Brasiliensis exhibens plantas medicinales quas in itinere per Brasiliam 1817-1820 obser- vavit, 1824; four volumes of Siren, History of Early Chinese Art; Preuss, Monumentale vorgeschichtliche Kunst; Maudslay, History of the Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz; Waldeck, Voyage pitto- resque et archéologique dans la Province de Yucatan, 1838; Obregon, History of the Sixteenth Century Explorations in Western America, translated, edited and annotated by George P. Hammond and Agapite Reye; Susemihl and Schlegel, Die Vogel Huropas, a rare work planned for an extended production but never finished; Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle; the three volumes of Pallasia and Schrank’s Fauna Boica, 1798-1803, which contains the first complete account of the zoology of southern Germany; and Ameghino, Con- tribucion al conocimento de los mamiferos fosiles de la Republica Argentina, 1889, a very rare and important work, essential for the study and identification of South American fossil mammals. The appearance of the stacks in the general Library has been much improved since the books have all been vacuum cleaned. The cleaning of the departmental libraries is being carried forward as rapidly as possible. It is a great satisfaction to find that the Library is more and more used each year, and in 1930 the number of students utilizing its facilities has shown a marked increase. It is frequently commented by visitors that certain material they need can be found nowhere else in the city. There were about 700 visitors (exclusive of members of the Museum staff) to the Library in 1930. Many of these were students from universities in and near Chicago. From publishers’ offices there have been persons desiring reference material. There were also representatives of manufacturing firms seeking material for booklets; authors doing research work; and other persons in search of various kinds of information. The Library also furnished information on a multitude of subjects to many inquirers by telephone. For many years the Library has received an increasing number of duplicate books and pamphlets from various sources. In 1929 these were brought out of storage, unpacked, and efforts were begun to distribute them to institutions where they would be of use. This work was continued in 1930. Many of the books and pamphlets 316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII were returned to the institutions from which they originally came, some were sold, and others were exchanged for desirable material. Lists have been made of part of the material, and it is hoped to accomplish still more this coming year. At different times during the year the Library has been able to lend books to other institutions, and it has in turn been favored by the courtesy of loans from other libraries. The borrowed books have been of value to Museum workers and have been greatly appreciated. The courtesy of these loans is acknowledged with gratitude. During the year there were sent to the bindery 630 books which were bound in 490 volumes. Monthly installments of author cards totaling 8,500 were received from the John Crerar Library. There were 3,334 books accessioned, and 7,178 cards written and added to the permanent catalogue. EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH ANTHROPOLOGY.—During the year four expeditions were operating in the interest of the Department of Anthropology. This summer the Museum again took up research among the ancient Pueblo Indians by organizing an archaeological expedition to the southwest under the leadership of Assistant Curator Paul 8S. Martin, who left Chicago by motor car on June 13 and returned in October. The actual length of time spent in the field amounted to fourteen weeks. The expedition was financed from a fund donated by Julius Rosenwald and the late Augusta N. Rosenwald. The southwestern corner of Colorado, which was chosen as the field of operations, is a region rich in prehistory, and is probably the place of origin for much of the southwest prehistoric culture. It was a center which extended its influence to other communities. Consequently this area is extremely important and offers great possibilities to the researcher. The ruin explored by Dr. Martin is known as the Lowry ruin. It is a large, stone-covered mound approximately 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and twenty-five feet high. The problems involved were to investigate a large site in an area where no work had previously been done; to excavate a large ceremonial chamber unique for that region and unusual in superficial appearance; and to correlate the results of this work with the cultures of other near-by areas. All of this, however, could not be accomplished during one season. In fact, ee a a Be en ~~) see ee eee eee JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Lt excavations must be continued for at least three seasons to complete this task satisfactorily. Before any excavation on the mound was undertaken, a two-mile road was cut, a cistern was dug and cemented, a 500-foot mine railroad was installed, and trenches with an aggregate length of 350 feet were made. Then the excavations proper began. In all, eleven secular or living rooms and one kiva or ceremonial chamber were completely excavated. These rooms were on an average twenty by ten feet in area, and from twelve to fourteen feet deep. Twelve kitchen-midden burial grounds were thoroughly explored, and twenty- six graves were found in them. In all, about 1,500 tons of débris were removed. The site of the Lowry ruin was apparently a favorite one, for, while digging exploratory trenches, evidence was found of three or four occupations. A near-by spring perhaps explains why this spot was so well liked. After the main walls of the ruin had been located, it was decided to expose first a kiva. A kiva is a circular, underground chamber in which religious performances were held. It was also used as a men’s clubhouse. The excavation of this unit was very satisfactory because it brought to light interesting, extraordinary architectural features. It was found that this kiva rested on an earlier or older kiva. In addition to this, some unique fresco paintings were found on the walls of both upper and lower kivas. This fact is remarkable because such perishable decorations are rarely preserved in a room which is exposed to the elements, and because such designs are generally confined to pottery decoration. The dwelling rooms which were excavated varied in interest, although two are outstanding. One was filled solidly with about 3,000 cubic feet of wood ash. It is estimated that more than 7,000 tons of wood must have been consumed to produce this amount of ash. Mixed with the ash were many pieces of broken pottery. By taking samples of these potsherds from different levels, it was possible to obtain stratigraphic evidence of the cultures which had flourished on this site. Evidently this room for many generations served as a place for dumping refuse. One half of a bowl was found in it, while the other portion was dug out of a trench more than 200 feet away. Another room is particularly interesting because its ceramic stratigraphy bears out that of the first-mentioned room, and likewise because both ceramic series are perfectly supported by the archi- 318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII tectural stratigraphy of the second room. Sufficient data were thus obtained to warrant the conclusion that there were four occupations of this site, and that many years may have elapsed between each. On the floor of the second room were found fourteen pieces of pottery, just as they had been left by the last inhabitants. Judging from this evidence, the history of the Lowry ruin may date back 1,500 to 2,000 years. At the close of the season’s work, eight to ten inches of soil were left on top of the walls. This dirt-capping will shed the rains of the winter and thus temporarily protect the masonry, which is held together only with mud mortar. In 1931, however, it will be im- perative to cover the tops of these unprotected walls with cement for purposes of preservation. Photographs were taken whenever pos- sible, and 1,500 feet of motion picture film were exposed. The Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition con- tinued its operations at Kish, its eighth consecutive season, from November 23, 1929, to March 18, 1930. Mr. L. C. Watelin again acted as director of excavations and was assisted by his son, Mr. René Watelin, and by Mr. I. Martel. The general supervision of the expedition’s activities, as in previous years, was in the hands of Professor Stephen Langdon of Oxford University. The principal object of the work during this season was to determine through the opening of a certain trench the homogeneity of the population of Kish in the depth of the Tell; to expose the surface down to the plain level through other trenches, in order to gain access in the future to the lower levels; and to reach by means of soundings virgin soil on a larger stretch of territory. Mr. Watelin’s efforts were concentrated on the section west of the Tell, which two trenches had laid bare down to the level of the plain. From this level he sank a deep shaft in order to be certain that there was a correspondence between the strata of this part of the Tell and the strata excavated during the previous year in another trench. As in the latter, the excavations brought to light, beneath plain level, constructions belonging to an epoch which is not far from the reign of Sargon I, but during which the use of plano-convex bricks was abandoned. Whenever this type of brick was found, it was in every case a secondary use of such brick, which was clearly demonstrated by the vault of a water conduit. The constructions overlay a stratum of earth of indeterminate character. A certain number of sections composed of broken, baked bricks rested directly on the floor stratum which was again found Se als Se Te oe ay SS ae ee Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate X XVII SELON EEE LES BA CASE OF PAINTED PLASTER REPRODUCTIONS OF EGYPTIAN STATUARY (Hall J) Showing method of installation JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 319 equally distributed at a depth of two and one-half meters below the level of the plain. No form of pottery vase found in the lower strata appeared in the upper levels; no cylinder seal found in the lower levels appeared above. Flint implements appeared above and below; those below were always so closely connected with human habitations that they can be considered as 7m situ. Not a single polished type was found below the flood stratum. The tablets found beneath the flood stratum are archaic, but do not show pictographic signs. From the flood stratum, the excavations penetrated through a layer of earth mixed with ashes and pottery. Without any apparent evidence, down to a depth of from three to five and one-half meters, the beds of ashes and of pottery are more regular, and the habitats which they indicate are somewhat regularly distributed. At this level some constructions appeared, and a tomb was found. As one trench yielded at its northern end and at plain level some interesting objects, Mr. Watelin decided to sink a similar deep trench into the northern part of the Tell. The workmen uncovered in the northern trench a part of a monument which extends over a portion still unexcavated. The new trench disclosed also several tombs with jars of the same type as those found in Cemetery A, as related in previous Reports. These perhaps can be dated at about 3000 B.c. This work was pushed forward to a depth of two meters. It should be pointed out that in this section of the territory the slope of the Tell comes down to the level of the plain, and that for this reason there is little earth at this point above the level of the plain. Con- sequently inscriptions dated from the period of Hammurabi were found there, and such turned up also at two or three meters of depth below the highest point of the surface of the Tell. In fact, the same quantity of earth covered the tablets in both cases. In January the excavations reached a depth of two meters beneath water level, and, by means of an efficient hydraulic method, the stratum containing polychrome pottery has yielded a large number of fragments of beautiful painted vases precisely like those previously discovered at Jemdet Nasr. Another kind of pottery is coated all over with a red engobe. In connection with this pottery were found low supports of terra cotta, a decorated cylinder of white paste, a long bead of paste, and a few stone beads. The flint tools found there are of microlithic shape and were made where found. The use of bitumen was known, and certain univalve shells were coated with this substance for an unknown purpose. 320 FrELD MusreuM OF NATURAL HIsTtoRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII As usual the strata on the surface of the Tell proved fruitful only to a small extent. Nevertheless they furnished this season several heads of alabaster statuettes, a terra cotta plaque, and a plaque of engraved schist; also a head of lapis lazuli,, which was secured for Field Museum. Further, inscriptions in stone and three or four hundred tablets or fragments of such from different periods, weapons of metal, as well as objects and statuettes of baked clay were dis- covered. The results of the soundings, in the opinion of Mr. Watelin, are of capital importance for tracing the origin of civilization, as will be demonstrated in subsequent technical studies. Mr. Watelin holds that the civilization reached at Kish, despite some superficial analogies which it may present with other sites, certainly is the oldest of the civilizations of Chaldea and of Elam. In the plain near the Tell Bandar, Mr. Watelin excavated a collective Parthian tomb constructed of bricks. He recovered from it a score of crania and several long bones. A large jar found in this tomb harbored the remains of eight skeletons. The ninth season of work at Kish was begun on November 15, 1930, and is continuing into 1931. Mr. Watelin reports that he will use part of his time this season to continue his search for large tombs, and that he already has discovered two in cutting the ground toward the great Ziggurat. The Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa, under the leadership of Mr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, arrived at Lagos, Nigeria, early in October, 1929. This part of the expeditionary work in West Africa followed closely upon the investigation carried out in Angola earlier in the year and described in last year’s Report. Starting from Lagos a journey of five thousand miles was made, the greater portion of it in a motor truck. Mr. T. C. Bramley, of Lagos, was placed in charge of motor transport over the long and difficult routes. In the early stages of the journey flooded roads made progress tedious, but the expedition was rewarded by excellent opportunities for collecting at Ibadan, Iseyin, Ilorin, and Bida. The last-named town is particularly interesting because of its brass work and glass making. Sokoto in the far northwest of Nigeria, and the great emporium of Kano, provided opportunities for observing typical native crafts. At Kano the collections were augmented by products of the silversmiths, leather workers, basket makers, potters, and weavers. Subjects for photography were many and varied, as the season was the busiest of the year. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR aed From Kano the expedition worked northward to Zinder, thence westward through Maradi and Tessowa to Tahua on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. Although the culture of this French Niger territory is not rich, the material gathered is valuable because the region has been but little visited by collectors. On returning to Kano preparations were made for a long eastward journey to the shore of Lake Chad. After making a halt at Potiskum and Maiduguri the motor transport was abandoned in favor of horse transport; this was necessary on account of the sandy roads in the immediate vicinity of Lake Chad. At the small village of Baya Seyarum on the west side of Lake Chad the Buduma people were studied. Collections relating to their lake trade and fishing were made, while their physical types, their methods of fighting behind large wooden shields, and their mode of navigation, formed attractive subjects for motion picture work. On the return journey to Lagos a visit was made to the Angas pagan tribes in the high plateau near Pankshin. The material collected in this region is particularly instructive, as many of the objects are of advanced technique. From the Bauchi Plateau the expedition proceeded to the river Benue, where a crossing was made at Ibi. Contact with the Munshi country added many interesting objects and photographs to the collections. The return from the Munshi country to Lagos was made by way of Onitsha, center of the Ibo country, Benin, and Ife. At Benin was secured a series of objects illustrating the processes of brass casting. At Ife, where sacred groves abound, data on a con- siderable amount of legend and photographs of sacred objects added to the scientific results of the expedition. Records of the Umbundu language and of drum music were taken on the dictaphone. Four thousand feet of motion pictures bearing on native crafts, games, and ceremonies in Angola and Nigeria were made. The still pictures are about 700 in number. Assistant Curator Henry Field left Chicago early in June to obtain additional material and data for Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall in which the racial divisions of mankind will be represented, and for the Hall of Prehistoric Man. He proceeded to England and shortly afterwards to Paris where plans were discussed with Miss Malvina Hoffman, the sculptress commissioned to prepare exhibits in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall, and Abbé Henri Breuil, Professor at the Collége de France. After a trip to the Dordogne and Pyrenean region of France where he purchased many specimens for the Hall of Prehistoric Man, Mr. Field visited the important museums 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII and private collections in central Europe during the months of September and October. In view of the plan to have Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall ready during the early part of 1933 it was necessary to assist Miss Hoffman in obtaining models and data on the selected racial types to be modeled. At the same time skeletal material, charts, casts, and photographs for exhibition had to be obtained. It also seemed desirable to secure a series of racial type photographs to form the basis of a study collection. Every effort was made to insure the scientific accuracy of Miss Hoffman’s work. The cooperation of a number of eminent anthro- pologists was invited to give Miss Hoffman advice on special problems. Among these are Professor Sir Arthur Keith, Dr. A. C. Haddon, and Mr. L. H. Dudley Buxton in England; Dr. P. Rivet and Mr. Lester in Paris; Professor Theodor Mollison in Munich; Professor Josef Weninger and Dr. Viktor Lebzelter in Vienna; Professor Eugen Fischer in Berlin; and Baron Dr. Egon Freiherr von Hickstedt in Breslau. Photographs of racial types were selected from the collec- tions of the British Museum, the Musée du Congo Belge at Tervueren in Belgium, the ethnological museums in Munich, Dresden, and Berlin, and the anthropological institutes of Berlin, Munich, Prague, and Vienna. In central Europe a series of excellent photographs and casts was obtained through the courtesy of Professor Josef Weninger of the Vienna Anthropological Institute. This series includes many central-Asiatic and Russian physical types, and since it consists mainly of unpublished material, Professor Weninger’s cooperation with Field Museum is the more appreciated. Among others who have generously assisted the project are Mr. Georges-Marie Haardt, leader of the Citroén Trans-Sahara Expedi- tion; Dr. M. Kuesters of the ethnographical museum in Munich; and Mr. Arthur S. Vernay of the Vernay—Lang Kalahari Expedition of Field Museum, who obtained an excellent series of photographs of Kalahari Bushmen for the Museum. A large number of books and pamphlets were purchased for the Museum anthropological library. The proposed plan for a hall dealing with the physical characters of living peoples of the world was welcomed enthusiastically among scientists in Europe, and the members of the anthropological institu- tions rendered every possible assistance. For the purpose of rounding out collections for, the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man it was necessary to acquire,a large series of JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 323 objects ranging from the oldest stone age down to the iron age. Assistant Curator Field while in England made arrangements with Mr. J. Reid Moir to take charge of excavations at Ipswich, which were expected to yield implements from the earliest period of human workmanship. Work progressed very favorably during the summer, and Mr. Moir obtained an excellent series of artifacts of Pliocene man from below the Red Crag. During July and August Mr. Field, the Abbé Breuil and Mr. Harper Kelley visited the Dordogne and Toulouse region where Mr. Field purchased specimens selected from a number of local collections. The most important collection obtained in Europe was the property of Mr. Eugéne Viot, Chateau-Colligny, Loiret, France. Mr. Viot had spent more than forty years in gather- ing these objects, which were all carefully determined according to their places of origin. Among these are many beautiful exhibition specimens including prehistoric engravings on bone, as well as many paleolithic, neolithic, bronze, and iron age objects. In central Europe additional material was secured. Franz Roubal, Vienna artist, was commissioned to undertake a series of drawings of the more important Pleistocene fauna contemporaneous with pre- historic man in western Europe. Arrangements were made with Professor Absolon of the Moravske Zemske Museum in Briinn, Czechoslovakia, to obtain a small kitchen midden from Predmost in Moravia. This will include bones from mammoths and other Pleistocene fauna, and will be of considerable scientific and exhibition interest. Dr. Henri Martin, discoverer of the La Quina and Le Roc pre- historic stations, rendered constant assistance to Mr. Field. Mr. Amedée Forestier, well-known artist in London, through the courtesy of Mr. Bruce Ingram, editor of the Illustrated London News, was commissioned by the Museum to make a series of drawings depicting life in prehistoric times. Unfortunately, Mr. Forestier died suddenly in November before four of the sketches were entirely completed. During December the collections purchased in France were sorted, labeled, and packed with the kind assistance of the Abbé Breuil and Mr. Harper Kelley, of Paris, who very kindly turned over his labora- tory to Mr. Field for a period of three weeks. This opportunity is taken to express the Museum’s appreciation of the kind assistance rendered by the Abbé Breuil and by both Mr. and Mrs. Harper Kelley. 324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII The specimens and collections of books and pamphlets were packed and shipped through Marshall Field and Company’s offices in London, Paris and Vienna, which rendered every possible assistance. Dr. Alfred L. Kroeber, professor of anthropology in the University of California, and Research Associate in American Archaeology in Field Museum, completed a manuscript entitled Archaeological Explorations in Peru. Part II: The Northern Coast. This has been published in the Memoir Series as No. 2 of Volume II, and is illus- trated by eighteen plates and three text-figures. This memoir presents the results of Dr. Kroeber’s work in northern Peru during the Marshall Field Expedition to Peru in 1926. Assistant Curator Albert B. Lewis completed the manuscript of a popular handbook, The Ethnology of Melanesia, which will serve as a useful guide to the Melanesian collections in Joseph N. Field Hall. Another publication of his, entitled Carved and Painted Designs from New Guinea, consisting of fifty-two plates, is being printed now as No. 5 of the Design Series, and may be expected off the press early in the coming year. Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson completed the report on the archaeological results of the First and Second Marshall Field Expedi- tions to British Honduras. This will be a companion publication to the monograph on the ethnology of the Mayas of central and southern British Honduras, which deals with the ethnological results of the two expeditions, and was published during the year. The archaeological report gives a detailed account of the contents of graves and votive caches in so far as they aid in the outlining of time and cultural periods in this part of the Maya area. Until a few years ago archaeological work in the Maya field was very wide in scope, and as a result somewhat superficial. The broad outlines of Maya history having been reconstructed, it now remains to fill in the small details to complete the picture. The development of styles of arts and crafts, particularly pottery, holds out the greatest hope for the reconstruction of Maya daily life, and Mr. Thompson’s publication will cover one small portion of the whole Maya field. It is now in press, and should be available early in 1931. Mr. Thompson has also made progress with a monograph on the domestication and taming of animals in Mexico and the Maya area. Commencing with the domestication of the dog for ritualistic and culinary purposes, the scope of the monograph has been so extended as to embrace a large number of animals, birds, and species of bees. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 325 Assistant Curator Hambly has been engaged in preparing for publication his researches into the ethnology of the Ovimbundu of Angola. His report includes chapters on hunting, fishing, agriculture, and several important industries such as the work of blacksmiths, wood carvers, and basket makers, as well as on social organization, methods of education, religious beliefs, and magical practices. The wax records of songs and drum music taken by him in the field have been electrotyped in the Psychological Institute of the University of Berlin, and thus are made permanent. Mr. Hambly has also pre- pared a publication entitled Serpent Worship in Africa, which is now in press. This is a subject around which there has been considerable controversy and confusion. This monograph contains a detailed discussion of the many types of belief and ritual which center around the serpent in Africa. Arguments are advanced in favor of a theory that the various beliefs associated with the serpent have arisen through observation of its anatomical characteristics and habits. The python worship of Africa has many unique features. A map has been prepared to indicate the distribution and probable lines of diffusion of beliefs and customs relating to serpent worship. Assistant Curator Field has made good progress on preparing for publication a report giving the results of his expedition into the North Arabian Desert. Curator Berthold Laufer prepared the manuscript of a study devoted to the domestication of the cormorant in China and Japan, an interesting problem, which has never before been investigated on the basis of Chinese and Japanese sources. This monograph will form one of a series dealing with animal domestications in Asia. His monograph, Geophagy, issued by the Museum in 1980, although a strictly technical study, was made the subject of a lengthy editorial in the New York Times of October 1, 1930. In this publication the Chinese types purchased by Dr. Laufer at Shanghai in 1923 have been used for the first time. This font of type is now properly arranged in two cabinets especially constructed for the purpose. The Curator also contributed seven articles to Field Museum News. Altogether seventeen articles were prepared by members of the staff of the Department of Anthropology for this bulletin, in addition to smaller items for which information was furnished. As usual, heavy demands were made upon the time of the staff by correspondents, scholars, and other visitors calling for information, or asking for determination of material. Such requests are of almost daily occurrence. 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII BoTany.—The Peruvian division of the Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to the Amazon, which commenced operations in 1929, was brought to a conclusion at the beginning of May, 1930, with the return of Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant in Wood Technology, after spending twelve months in northeastern Peru searching for material to increase the study series of the Department. Mr. Williams left Chicago at the beginning of March, 1929, for Para, the Brazilian port at the mouth of the Amazon River. After a stay of a few days in that city he proceeded by steamer for 2,300 miles along the Amazon to Iquitos, the largest town in Peru on the eastern side of the Andes, where he established his headquarters. This town on the upper Amazon, some two hundred miles within the border of Peru, is situated in the heart of a tropical forest, and it proved to be most satisfactory as a base. Thanks to arrangements made by the State Department of the United States, and by the British Consul at Iquitos, formalities at the port were reduced to a minimum. In connection with Mr. Williams’ stay in Iquitos the Museum acknowledges with appreciation the cooperation and valu- able advice given him by several American and European concerns established there, and especially to Kahn Compania for their interest and assistance. Mr. Williams spent the first few days collecting in the neighbor- hood of Iquitos, and gradually worked farther.afield. Then with native aids he proceeded by canoes up the Itaya River, a small affluent of the Amazon, making collections on the way. After a stay of two weeks in that locality, which resulted in the collection of several hundred specimens, he devoted his attention to the forest around the estuary of the Nanay River which has its confluence with the Amazon a short distance below Iquitos. During their stay in that region Mr. Williams and his aids were accommodated in a house placed at their disposal by the Astoria Manufacturing and Importing Company of Long Island City, New York, which main- tains a saw mill at this point. After two weeks of daily collecting in various directions it was decided to move to higher regions of the Nanay River. Accompanied by a guide with sufficient knowledge of the forest, and porters to handle the canoes, Mr. Williams jour- neyed for five days until a suitable spot for botanizing was reached. He then traveled through the forest in the direction of the Tigre River, an affluent of the Marafion. During the several weeks spent here, living in hastily erected huts, he succeeded in making a collec- tion of several hundred specimens of woods and herbarium material, ield Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate XXVIII RESTORATIONS OF FOSSIL TREE FERNS Reconstructed in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories and forming part of a Carboniferous forest exhibit in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) en OF THE : eerety UNIVERSITY OF ILLIMOIS : fete JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR a2 including the most common palms, resins and fibers. One character- istic feature about the forest in this region is the magnificent scale of everything in size, variety and beauty. The number of woods is extraordinary, although only a few of the most important ones are used locally in the woodworking industries. The exploitation of timber of the Peruvian Amazon for export is of comparatively recent inception and at present is confined to mahogany and Spanish cedar, especially the former. At the conclusion of the work in the upper Nanay area a visit was paid to Pebas, a small Yahua Indian village on the left bank of the Amazon below the estuary of the Napo River. The trip yielded highly satisfactory results. A great deal of information was obtained concerning various herbs, shrubs, and resins, some of which possess poisonous or narcotic properties. Much was learned of the uses made of these by the Indians for hunting, fishing or for treating ailments. Thus far the party had collected in the forest along the north bank of the Amazon River. The next trips were conducted from a village situated on the bank of a stream on the south side and flowing parallel with the Amazon. When rubber was the controlling factor in the Peruvian Amazon region this large village, Caballo-cocha, formed an important center, but in the last decade its importance has waned. Several trips were made during the stay of sixteen days, principally in the direction of the Javary River. This is possibly the most unhealthy region in the Amazon basin, notorious for epidemics of beri-beri, yellow fever and malaria. Thanks to the assistance and hospitality of Sefior Jorge Giles, the manager of the largest sugar cane plantation in Loreto, at La Victoria on the border between Peru and Brazil, the party was able to make extensive trips through the dense forest extending northward towards the Putumayo River. The Putumayo is one of the largest tributaries of the upper Amazon, having its source in Colombia. In places the forest traversed was almost impenetrable. After spending several months traveling in canoes along the Peruvian Amazon, and its tributaries and streams, for two hundred miles below Iquitos, and on foot in the forest between that town and the eastern frontier line that separates Peru and the neighboring republics of Brazil and Colombia, the party returned to Iquitos to pack and ship the material collected. Before undertaking the next prolonged journey a short trip was made up the Itaya River to Paraiso and San Antonio where excellent collecting ground was found in the forest along the stream. 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII For the next six months Mr. Williams continued exploring and collecting in the forests that extend up to the highlands forming ramifications of the eastern Andean range. Leaving Iquitos in October he proceeded by a small river steamer to Yurimaguas, a town on the left bank of the Huallaga River, about five days’ journey above the place of departure. Collecting in this region proved very fruitful. One of the most successful trips made from the base was that in the direction of Balsapuerto, a village at the foot of a high range of mountains that extends between the rivers Marafion and Huallaga. For the successful results attained in this region the Museum is indebted to Sefior Enrique Pardo, at whose “finca,”’ Fortaleza, Mr. Williams received generous hospitality. Another locality where very satisfactory collecting conditions were found was a clearing made through the forest for a proposed railroad from Yurimaguas to the Pacific coast. One of the most difficult problems which confronts a botanist in a dense forest is that of securing adequate herbarium specimens of tall trees and high climb- ing vines. To cut a huge tree requires much time, and very fre- quently the tree hits the ground with such force that little of foliage, fruit or flowers is left on the branches. Often the crown falls upon some other tree which in turn has to be felled, or is caught high up in the air by twining coils of woody vines. A place where the forest is being cleared is therefore always advantageous in avoiding many of these difficulties. Along this right of way it was a fairly easy matter to obtain good specimens even of large trees. Among those cut by the expedition was one mahogany tree 180 feet in height. Through the assistance of Sefior Miguel Acosta, of Yurimaguas, porters were secured to carry the equipment, weighing several hundred pounds. A long journey, often in heavy downpours, was begun on foot over rocky and at times muddy paths. After six days of trudging through mud, fording streams, making treacherous ascents and descents, the Museum party arrived at Tarapoto. This town was made famous by the English botanist, Richard Spruce, who collected there seventy-five years ago. It lies in a plain which has the form of a vast natural amphitheater, encircled by ranges of mountains. The greater part of the plain has been denuded of its forest, except along the banks of the streams. In the vicinity of the town the soil is loose sand covered chiefly with coarse grasses, shrubs, and low, scattered trees of secondary growth. The general character of the vegetation is intermediate between that of the Peruvian lowlands and the Andean highlands. eS eo —r JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 329 In order to reach good botanizing ground one has to go to the high ridges which are densely clothed with primeval forest. During the month’s stay at Tarapoto a trip was made to the top of “Cerro Pelado,’’ whose summit is bare of trees—hence the name meaning “bald hill.” Along this range Mr. Williams made an extensive collection of valuable specimens, including the quinine tree (cascarilla). In the vicinity he also collected specimens in a forest along the banks of the Huallaga River, as far as the estuary of the Mayo, a small river. Proceeding up the Mayo as far as Juan Guerra, a small Indian village, he collected in the forest extending towards the Sisa River. Returning by way of Morales, a village famed in northeastern Peru for its fine quality of tobacco, samples of the chief products of that area, such as cotton, cane sugar, tobacco, and coffee, were assembled for the Museum’s economic collection. When the work in the vicinity of Tarapoto was completed the party moved to Lamas, a village seventeen miles north. Indian porters were the only available means of transporting the collections over the difficult paths in this region. Three days were spent in the vicinity of Lamas before continuing the journey to Tabalosis on the far side of the deep valley of the Mayo, several miles from Lamas. The following day’s journey was a long and tedious one, through rocky, heavily wooded gorges with rugged cliffs and descents and over several streams. In the afternoon of the second day,after leaving Lamas, the members of the party reached San Roque at the base of a round, barren hill, known as Campana, which is surrounded by forest. The altitude at the summit of the hill is about 5,500 feet and that of the village which lies at its base is about 3,800 feet. A stay of two weeks at San Roque proved to be highly profitable. Many trips were made to the summit of the hill and through the forest westward in the direction of Moyobamba, about fifty miles away, where Andrew Mathews, the English botanist, collected almost one hundred years ago. After a short stay at this place, Mr. Williams continued his journey westward to Chachapoyas. In places the trail was like a deep, narrow ditch through which the mules carrying the equipment could barely force their way. Only experienced mountain mules could make such rough, precipitous ascents and go down such steep declivities. At times the path was strewn with fallen trees and straggling vines. At Bagazan, an uninhabited spot at the foot of a tall mountain, known as Pishco-huayuna, the Amazonian forest 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII comes to an abrupt termination, 2,800 miles from the Atlantic seaboard. Chachapoyas, the capital of the Department of Amazonas, is located near the foot of a lofty range in the midst of a fertile region. The principal objective of the visit to this territory was to secure specimens of a species of walnut known to exist in remote regions of the northern parts of northeastern Peru. Numerous representative specimens of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees growing in the locality were also assembled. On completion of this work the Museum party retraced its steps to San Roque, an eight-day journey. With all the material pre- served and packed, the expedition proceeded in a southeasterly direction through the forest to Shapaja, about seventy miles away, on the Huallaga River. At this place a raft was constructed of twenty trunks of ‘‘topa” (a species of balsa, the lightest wood known to exist). These were held together by five shorter pieces tied transversely with vines. This raft had to carry all the equipment, specimens and men. After negotiating whirlpools and rapids, the party reached Yurimaguas where all the material had to be redried, repacked and loaded aboard a steamer for transport to Iquitos, where all the specimens, numbering several thousand items, were assembled and packed for shipment to the Museum. In addition to the large amount of herbarium material assembled, 22,500 specimens, representing 8,200 field numbers, the expedition brought back a large collection of woods and some fifty other eco- nomic specimens. The total number of various products collected while in the field during 1929 and part of 1930 amounted to 2,154 specimens, which augment to a considerable extent the large series of tropical woods in the Museum files. This comprehensive repre- sentation is of singular importance as it is the first collection of authentic wood specimens of the Amazon headwaters ever brought together. Up till now the woods from that region of Peru had been entirely unrepresented in any scientific institution of the United States or Europe. The samples are of unusual value as each is accompanied by corresponding herbarium material without which it is not possible, in the case of new or imperfectly known species, to determine with certainty the identity of wood specimens. Mr. Hermann C. Benke, of Chicago, one of the most constant friends of the Museum’s Department of Botany and always a generous contributor to its collections of North American plants, went farther afield in 1930 than usual in his search for desirable material. azIs [21njVu YQUeAeS-oU0 Ynoqy “spunod GP), ‘FYsIOM PPA Aepaeys JO ED sesuvyIy ‘pmnoseieg ye ‘Og6T ‘LT Arenigqay [ea (v8 1I®H) GALIYOULAN ANOLS a ~ ta a ee ee ei ey Sg, SS Pin ots Be tied JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ook He made a circle trip of some 4,000 miles to the southeast, crossing the Ohio River at Evansville, Indiana, going through Kentucky and Tennessee to the foothills of the Appalachians, and thence descending over Alabama to the coastal plain of the gulf about Pensacola, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama. From there on botanical exploration was conducted on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, westward and southward all the way to the Rio Grande, and beyond into Mexico. The greater part of the time was devoted to this section of the tour, zigzagging back and forth along the coast, not more than fifty miles inland at any point. The return was made by a great detour over Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois, crossing the Mississippi River at Quincy, Illinois. Transportation was by rail, bus, auto and afoot. Numerous stops were made on the way, especially on the southern Texas coast, wherever new or unusual botanical material or data were expected. River courses and their tributaries were at times followed, particularly the Mississippi below New Orleans as far toward its delta as flood conditions would permit, and the Rio Grande about Brownsville, Texas. The trip yielded many notes on botanical observations and several hundred herbarium specimens with duplicates. Some special material in Cactaceae and Palmaceae was secured and sent to the Museum’s Department of Botany. No herbarium specimens were taken without a definite purpose in view. Only those were collected that are rare or unusual, that gave promise of uncovering a new species or variety. In the fall short trips were made by Mr. Benke into the Valparaiso- LaPorte (Indiana) region and the dune region about Michigan City, Indiana. Mr. William F. C. Grams of Desplaines, Illinois, accompanied him. The Fox River valley was revisited in the region from Trout Park Preserve (Elgin, Illinois) northward to the Fox Lake district. The unusually dry season had not affected this territory to any considerable degree. Indeed, when the drought was at its height in the Mississippi valley, in late summer, this was about the only “green spot’”’ on the map of Illinois. These trips yielded a few notes and herbarium specimens. In the Report for 1929 an account was given of the initiation of activities under the Rockefeller Foundation Fund for Photo- graphing Type Specimens of Plants. This work, planned by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Acting Curator of the Department of Botany, and 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII financed jointly by the Rockefeller Foundation Fund and Field Museum, was begun at the Botanical Garden and Museum, Berlin- Dahlem, in August, 1929, by Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride, and has been continued there and elsewhere until the present time. For more than a year the work was carried on at Berlin-Dahlem, where it received the most cordial support of the Director, Dr. Ludwig Diels, of the Assistant Director, Dr. Robert Pilger, and of the curators of the various sections of the herbarium. For the exceptional favors granted to Mr. Macbride in the execution of the photographic work, Field Museum expresses its most sincere appreci- ation to the director and staff of the Botanical Museum of Berlin- Dahlem. In all, nearly 9,000 type specimens of plants, chiefly those of South America, have been photographed, the number including all the types in several of the largest families of plants. The herba- rium at Berlin-Dahlem offers unequaled opportunities for obtaining photographs of tropical American plants. Being the institution at which the greatest amount of systematic work is done, it possesses an extraordinary number of type specimens, the result of the work of the competent and very active staff. The importance and extent of the herbarium scarcely can be appreciated by one who never has visited it. Its vast collections cover the flora of the whole world, and are international rather than merely national in scope. In thus developing and maintaining them, the German government renders a service of inestimable value to botanical science throughout the world. Several weeks were spent also at the Botanical Museum of Munich, where Mr. Macbride received the most friendly cooperation from Professor Carl von Goebel, Dr. Hermann Ross, and Professor Karl Suessenguth. The Munich Museum possesses the herbarium assembled by Martius, father of Brazilian botany, and many types in that collection were photographed. Special attention was devoted also to the plants of the family Sapindaceae, since the Munich her- barium contains many of the types in that group described by its monographer, Dr. Ludwig Radlkofer, who died only three years ago. Later Mr. Macbride proceeded to Geneva, where he was engaged in work at the end of 1930. Through the kindness of the Director, Dr. J. I. Briquet, he has been enabled to photograph many of the types in the famous herbarium of the Botanical Garden maintained by the city of Geneva, and in the unique DeCandolle Herbarium, in the custody of the same institution. Dr. Briquet very generously JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 333 supplied the services of an assistant to aid in the photographic work. The herbarium of the Botanical Garden is one of the most celebrated in the world, being particularly valuable because of the great number of types that it contains as the result of the work of many of the very earliest botanists. Its organization speaks volumes for the ability of its director and staff. Mr. Macbride extended his work also to the rich herbarium of the University of Geneva, where he was welcomed by Dr. Robert Chodat, the well-known monographer of the family Polygalaceae. The university collections, which contain a vast amount of historical material, are noteworthy for the close association that has been developed there between economic and purely scientific material. Dr. Chodat generously placed at Mr. Macbride’s disposal the use of the photographic laboratories of the department of botany of the university, thus greatly facilitating the progress of his work. Field Museum already has received 5,166 negatives of type specimens which are in the Berlin herbarium. Prints have been made from them by the Division of Photography of the Museum and placed on standard sheets in the Herbarium. The photographs have been made with great care, and their superior quality has been commented on by all who have seen them. Details of the leaves and even of the flowers are shown almost as well as in ordinary herbarium specimens, and the photographs, especially when accom- panied by fragments of leaves and flowers, are almost as satisfactory for study purposes as the type specimens themselves, which could be consulted only by visiting at great expense the European herbaria in which they are deposited. The value to an herbarium of such prints scarcely can be esti- mated. It can be appreciated only by botanists themselves, who have been obliged to spend hours in studying vague Latin descrip- tions, comparing them with specimens at hand, detail by detail, and trying to guess whether the description really referred to the same species as the specimen under study. With the type photo- graphs before one, usually it is possible to settle the matter at a glance. When these photographs, which will be supplied by Field Museum at the bare cost of making the prints, are available in the principal herbaria of the United States, systematic work will be facilitated immeasurably in respect to tropical American plants. In the autumn of 1930 the Museum called the attention of the principal herbaria of the United States to the possibility of obtaining these prints. Two complete sets were ordered, and negotiations are 334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII under way for the purchase of sets by other institutions. During the year, 1,387 prints of the type negatives were supplied to the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, me first institution to order a complete set of them. As proof of the increasing scientific activity of the Department of Botany as well as of the use being made of the Museum Herbarium and other collections, it is gratifying to be able to cite some of the numerous papers published during the year that have been based wholly or in part on its collections. Most of the papers concerned were prepared by members of the staff, but several others were written by outside botanists who had visited the Museum in order to consult the collections or had borrowed specimens for use in their studies. One of the most important botanical publications issued by the Museum during the year was Flora of the Indiana Dunes by Donald C. Peattie, a pocket-size handbook of 432 pages, with a map and thirty-eight halftone illustrations. It contains brief descriptions of all the ferns and flowering plants known from the sand dune region of the Indiana shore of Lake Michigan, and from the adjacent valley of the Calumet River. The Flora of the Indiana Dunes is the only descriptive manual devoted to the Chicago region. It supplies a long-needed manual for distinguishing the many species of plants composing the rich flora of the sand dunes. It will be a useful hand- book for many of the nature students who visit the dunes each year in increasing numbers. Since so many of the species growing in the dunes are widespread in the upper Mississippi valley, the volume will be found almost equally useful in most parts of Illinois, Wis- consin, and Michigan. Professor Samuel J. Record and Mr. Henry Kuylen published in No. 28 of Tropical Woods an account of “‘Santa Marta Valley, Colombia.” The article, of fifteen pages, records the observations made by Professor Record during a visit to Santa Marta in January, 1930, and includes an annotated list of the trees of the region. A set of the specimens collected, upon which the tree records are based, is in the Herbarium of Field Museum, and the specimens were determined by Associate Curator Paul C. Standley. In 1930 Mr. Standley published fifteen papers based wholly or partly upon Museum collections. One of these was a Flora of Yucatan, consisting of 336 pages, published as No. 3 of Volume III of the Botanical Series. This work lists all of the species known to exist in the Yucatan Peninsula, a limestone region, geologically and floristically distinct from the rest of Mexico. It is based almost ae JAN. 19381 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 335 wholly upon the Museum collections of Yucatan plants, the largest that exist in any herbarium of the world. The Flora of Yucatan brings to a close the Museum’s botanical work upon the flora of that region, initiated many years ago by the late Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, former Curator of the Department of Botany, who was chiefly respon- sible for assembling the material on which the report is based. Before his death he had published numerous papers upon Yucatan plants, and his data were used freely in the report issued this year. Mr. Standley published as No. 1 of Volume VII of the Botanical Series a paper of 175 pages, The Rubiaceae of Colombia. This enumer- ates eighty genera and several hundred species of plants of the coffee family that exist in Colombia. He published, further, as Nos. 1 and 3 of Volume VIII of the same series, Studies of American Plants— III and IV. ‘These papers, of seventy-three and 104 pages re- spectively, describe a large number of new plants, chiefly from South and Central America, found among the collections obtained by Museum expeditions or received for determination from other insti- tutions and from private individuals. Mr. Standley published in Volume XI of the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum a contribution of thirty-two pages enumerating “The Woody Plants of Siguatepeque, Honduras,” based upon his field work of 1927-28; and in the same serial appeared another paper by him, entitled ““Three New Plants from Yucatan.” In the Journal there was published also his ““A Second Supplement to the Flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama,” a list of eleven pages based upon Field Museum collections. In Rhodora Mr. Standley published a brief paper, ““New Forms and Varieties of Indiana Plants.”’ In the various numbers of Tropical Woods distributed during the year, he published the following papers: ‘“‘Notes on Mexican Trees;’” “‘A Second List of the Trees of Honduras;” “Sickingia Klugei, a Tree of Panama and Venezuela;’’ ““A New Tree from Colombia;’’ ““A New Inga from British Hon- duras.””’ The paper upon Honduran trees, covering thirty-three pages, enumerated all the trees known from the Republic of Hon- duras, and was based upon specimens in the Museum Herbarium. In association with Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States National Museum, Mr. Standley published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington a paper of twelve pages devoted to the “‘Ferns of the Republic of Salvador.”’ Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride published as Volume VIII, No. 2, of the Botanical Series a paper of fifty-four pages 336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. Vill entitled Spermatophytes, Mostly Peruvian—II. In this there are described many new species of Peruvian plants obtained by the two Marshall Field Botanical Expeditions to Peru. Descriptions of several of the new species that appear in the paper were furnished by members of the staff of the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem. Mr. Macbride published, also, in No. 24 of Tropical Woods a paper entitled ‘‘South American Viburnums Incorrectly Described as New Species of Cornus.” No detailed search has been made through current botanical journals for papers, based wholly or in part upon material in the Museum Herbarium, published by botanists of other institutions. A substantial number of such papers has been published, but there need be mentioned here only a few of them. In Rhodora there appeared an illustrated article by Mr. Hermann C. Benke entitled “Aster amethystinus an Obvious Hybrid.” This deals with the status of one of the rarest autumn asters of the Chicago region. Dr. Reinhard Knuth of the Berlin Museum published in the Repertorium specierum novarum:a paper with the title ‘“Geraniaceae novae.”’ In this appear descriptions of six new species of Peruvian geraniums, whose types are in the Herbarium of Field Museum. Under the authorship of Mr. E. P. Killip, of the United States National Museum, there appeared in the Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences a paper with the title ‘‘Ten New Species of Passiflora, Mainly from Colombia and Peru.’ Two of the Peruvian passion-flowers named were described from Field Museum type specimens. Two of the three papers by Assistant Curator James B. McNair mentioned in the Annual Report of 1929 (p. 69) were published by the Museum in 1930. They are: The Differential Analysis of Starches, Botanical Series Volume IX, No. 1; and A Study of Some Charac- teristics of Vegetable Oils, Botanical Series Volume IX, No. 2. The third, on gums, tannins and resins, was printed in the American Journal of Botany, March issue. In addition three other articles written by him have recently been printed. One of these, which appeared in the American Journal of Botany, is entitled ““The Taxo- nomic and Climatic Distribution of Oil and Starch in Seeds in Relation to the Physical and Chemical Properties of Both Substances.” The others are Indian Corn and Spices and Condiments, published as Field Museum Botany Leaflets, Nos. 14 and 15 respectively. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 337 The Indian corn leaflet outlines the origin, geographic distribu- tion and varieties of this plant, its use by the American Indian, and modern industrial and experimental products obtained from it. It contains a number of full-page illustrations. The other leaflet contains descriptions of the various spices included in the case of spices and condiments in the economic exhibits of the Department, as well as some others, and information concerning their source, history, composition, and uses, illustrations of important spice plants and a map of the spice-producing regions of the Old World with the ancient trade and caravan routes. A list of the economic materials comprising various kinds of corn, basketry materials, food products, etc., identified for the Southwest Museum by Mr. McNair appeared in Southwest Museum Paper No. 4. Archaeological Expeditions in Southern Nevada. Report of the First Sessions Expedition 1929. June 1930. Members of the Department staff contributed a number of articles to Field Museum News. The card indexes compiled by Mr. McNair on various subjects mentioned in the Annual Report of 1929 (pp. 69 and 125) have been continued. Additions have been made to his index of economic plants that yield oils, fats, and waxes. New lists of alkaloids and arrow and fish poisons are being compiled by him, as well as a large quantity of manuscript notes on starches, resins, and wood distillation products. During the year the 600 specimens of resins and gums of the Museum collection were sorted and classified by Mr. McNair in preparation for the exhibits, and in this connection he has prepared for publication a paper dealing with essential oils and resins. The resources of the staff of the Herbarium have been taxed by the volume of material received during 1930. Its labeling, mounting, and distribution into the Herbarium have required constant attention, but the work has been kept up to date, except for the mounting of specimens. More than 9,000 specimens of plants, chiefly from tropical America, have been submitted to the Museum for determination by institutions or individuals. Some lots have consisted of only one or two specimens, not infrequently brought to the Herbarium by their collectors, but others have contained hundreds of specimens that demanded detailed study before they could benamed. Although part of the specimens had to be returned to the institutions forward- ing them, many others were retained for the Museum collections, 338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII and in this manner some of the most valuable of the year’s accessions were obtained. A considerable proportion of the collections sub- mitted consisted of plants of the family Rubiaceae, in the study of which Associate Curator Standley has been engaged for the past two years. Plants were received for identification from every section of the United States, from Massachusetts to Florida, and westward to New Mexico, California, Washington, and Alaska. Among the more distant regions from which material was sent for naming were Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Union of Socialistic Soviet Repub- lics, Denmark, Hawaii, Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Hon- duras, Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Cuba. As stated above, much of the material thus examined consisted of tropical American Rubiaceae, especially from South America. This was directly helpful in Mr. Standley’s studies of the family Rubiaceae, and much of it will be cited in papers now in press or in preparation. One of the most interesting and difficult collections thus studied was formed by the Rubiaceae, Moraceae, and Vochysiaceae collected by Mr. G. H. H. Tate of the American Museum of Natural History during his recent exploration of Mount Duida, Venezuela. This isolated mountain in southern Venezuela resembles in floristic features Mount Roraima, Venezuela, which is famous for the local species restricted to its slopes. Roraima, however, has been visited several times by collectors, and its plants are fairly well known. Mount Duida never had been visited by a botanist, and conditions there approached those visioned sometimes by botanists, who have dreams of discovering a spot whose every plant is a new species. Although the Mount Duida plants studied by Mr. Standley showed obvious affinities with species known from Roraima, practically all were undescribed and there were two plants that represented new genera with exceptionally well-marked distinguishing characters. Manu- script covering the families mentioned has been submitted to Dr. H. A. Gleason of the New York Botanical Garden, who is preparing a complete report upon Mr. Tate’s plant collection. One of the most interesting of the other collections studied consisted of 511 specimens of Rubiaceae collected in Parana, Brazil, by Per Dusén, and forwarded on loan by Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson of the Royal Museum of Stockholm. The specimens were so prepared that it was a delight to study them. They included complete material JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 339 of several species unknown to science, and material of many more that are exceedingly rare in herbaria. From the Botanical Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, there were received two shipments of Rubiaceae, comprising 1,321 specimens, most of which already have been determined and returned. This collection included recent accumulations of unnamed specimens belonging to this family, and since the Berlin garden has such a wide range of correspondents, the material, although all American, represented a surprisingly large number of collectors and regions. Its determina- tion brought to light a substantial number of new species, as well as material attesting extensions of range for others already described. The United States National Museum, through Dr. William R. Maxon and Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, likewise submitted on loan 547 sheets of tropical Rubiaceae, which afforded numerous novelties and many new geographic records. From the Jardin Botanique Principal of Leningrad there were received on loan 419 sheets of the same family. These proved to be of exceptional interest because so many of the specimens were obtained by early collectors, one of those represented being Aublet, who published in 1775 the first account of the plants of French Guiana. The New York Botanical Garden forwarded on loan sixty-four sheets of Bolivian Rubiaceae, which were determined and returned. The sending contained several types of species described from Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby and not represented in other herbaria. These were of great value in completing an enumeration of the Bolivian Rubiaceae which is now in press. For study by Dr. Ear] E. Sherff there were lent to Field Museum by various European herbaria 840 specimens, chiefly of the genera Coreopsis and Cosmos and other related groups of the Compositae, with which Dr. Sherff has been engaged lately. This material was received from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem, the Museum of Natural History of Paris, and the Botanical Institute of the University of Florence, Italy. During 1930 Associate Curator Standley devoted a great deal of time to study of the South American plants of the coffee family, or Rubiaceae, a group whose principal representatives in South America are the species of Cinchona, from which quinine is obtained. The work was based in part upon a large series of sheets received on loan from other institutions, but chiefly upon the great numbers of specimens now in the Museum Herbarium. The results were 340 F1eLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REpoRTS, VOL. VIII particularly interesting in the case of the Rubiaceae collected in Peru by Messrs. Llewelyn Williams, Ellsworth P. Killip and A. C. Smith, and G. Klug. Their collections from the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes, where little plant collecting had been done pre- viously, yielded a surprising number of new or otherwise noteworthy species. There was issued at the beginning of the year an enumeration by Mr. Standley of The Rubiaceae of Colombia, and similar accounts of the same family as represented in Ecuador and Bolivia are now in press. A report has been prepared upon the Venezuelan Rubiaceae, but it awaits the appearance of a report upon the plants of Mount Duida, so that the numerous new species discovered there may be listed in the full enumeration. Mr. Standley finished his report upon the plants of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, based upon his own collections as represented in the Museum Herbarium, and this is to be issued in January, 1931, as Volume X of the Botanical Series under the title Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras. It will consist of 418 pages, and will contain sixty-eight photogravure plates illustrating some of the prominent plants of the region.. The volume is based upon explora- tion along the northern coast of Honduras, carried out by the author in the winter of 1927-28, and it lists and describes briefly in more or less popular language all the plants collected in the area. Also prepared by Mr. Standley were two papers describing miscel- laneous new plants of various groups, chiefly Central and South American, and these were issued during the year by the Museum. The latter papers were based primarily upon current collections received by the Museum for determination. Some of the most notable of the plants described were from the collections made in British Honduras by Mr. William A. Schipp. During the year Mr. Standley completed an account of the sedges or Cyperaceae of Central America, and this is now in process of publication. He prepared a descriptive list of the Nyctaginaceae or four o’clock family as represented in Peru, for the forthcoming Flora of Peru. At the same time he elaborated an account of the family as it is represented in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, and the resulting paper is now ready for publication. This particular study was aided by the loan of Andine material from the United States National Museum. Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride completed manuscript for a large part of his Flora of Peru, and prepared preliminary treat- JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 341 ments for the majority of the remaining families. The manuscript for the earlier families of the usual sequence is practically ready for publication, and it is expected that it will be sent to the printer early in 1931. Flora of Peru, based on the collections of several Marshall Field Expeditions, will constitute a publication immediately useful to all persons interested in South American plants. As in previous years, Mr. Hermann C. Benke of Chicago has devoted a substantial amount of time to determining Museum material, especially plants of the Chicago region, and particularly asters and other difficult groups with which he is well acquainted. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, while continuing monographic studies of the genera Bidens, Cosmos, and Coreopsis, likewise has added materially to the value of the Museum collections by his critical annotations of these groups. The staff of the Herbarium prepared for distribution a large quantity of duplicate material that had accumulated from current collections. During the year 20,789 duplicates, chiefly herbarium specimens, were distributed from the Department of Botany. These were principally South American, mainly from the Williams, Mac- bride, and Weberbauer collections, and of exceptionally high quality. There were distributed, also, further sets of the Gaumer plants of Yucatan. The duplicates were sent to most of the important herbaria of the United States and Europe. Several desirable sets of plants have already been received in return for them, and others are expected later. It is through such exchanges that much of the most desirable herbarium material is received by Field Museum. An especially important sending made to the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem consisted of fragments of type specimens of Field Museum Her- barium, and of selected duplicates representing rare species of the American flora. Loans of mounted herbarium specimens from the Department in 1930 amounted to 8,557 sheets. The greater part of these, 5,600 sheets, were sent to Berlin-Dahlem for study and determination by Assistant Curator Macbride. The remaining 2,957 sheets were lent for study or determination to a large number of institutions and individuals in the United States and Europe. Among the more extensive of such loans were 566 specimens of mints or Labiatae, to Dr. Carl Epling, University of California at Los Angeles, who is preparing for publication accounts of the groups represented. To the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, there 342 FreLD Museum or NATURAL Hisrory—REports, Vou. VIII were lent 733 sheets of the genera T'radescantia and Mentzelia, to be used in preparing monographs on those groups; also 375 specimens of Frasera, Lycitum, and Menodora, for the same purpose. To the United States National Museum there were submitted on loan 255 specimens, chiefly of South American plants, for study by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip. The New York Botanical Garden received on loan 262 sheets, chiefly of South American plants, to be used in monographic studies by members of the staff. To the Gray Her- barium there were lent 154 specimens of bromeliads, for the conven- ience of Mr. Lyman B. Smith in preparing an account of the group as it is represented in Peru. To Professor Oakes Ames, Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 345 specimens of Peruvian orchids were lent for the same purpose. Loans of herbarium specimens by the Museum, although they often require a large amount of clerical work for their preparation, usually result to the great advantage of the Herbarium, because of the critical determinations obtained from those who study the specimens. As in former years, the Museum has received greatly appreciated assistance from botanists of the United States and Europe in the determination of plants, especially those collected by Museum expeditions. Usually it has been possible to submit duplicate speci- mens, to be retained by the cooperators to repay in part the labor of making such determinations. . The woody plants gathered by Mr. Herbert Stevens of the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern Asia were submitted to Dr. Alfred Rehder of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, who with gratifying promptness supplied a list of determinations for them. He described in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum a new rose, Rosa Stevensii, collected by the expedition. Among others who have rendered substantial aid in the deter- mination of material should be mentioned the following: Mr. Edwin B. Bartram, Bushkill, Pennsylvania, who determined various send- ings of mosses from current collections; Dr. William Trelease, Urbana, Illinois, who named several lots of plants of the Piperaceae or pepper family; Professor Oakes Ames, of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, who determined miscellaneous orchid material, and is preparing an account of the orchids for the Flora of Peru; Dr. B. L. Robinson, Dr. Ivan M. Johnston, and Mr. Lyman B. Smith of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, who have determined speci- JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 343 mens of the groups in which they are especially interested; Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States National Museum, who has determined many ferns, especially those of Peru; Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, of the same museum, who has determined South American specimens of the passion-flowers, Urticaceae, Boraginaceae, and other groups, particularly those obtained by museum expeditions; Dr. S. F. Blake, of the United States Department of Agriculture, who has identified Compositae; Dr. A. S. Hitchcock and Mrs. Agnes Chase, also of the Department of Agriculture, who have named the grass collections; Dr. H. A. Gleason, of the New York Botanical Garden, who has named many of the melastomes collected by recent expeditions to Peru; Dr. C. L. Shear and Mr. John Stevenson of the United States Department of Agriculture, who have supplied names for difficult specimens of fungi; Dr. C. W. Dodge of the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard University, who has determined tropical American lichens. Assistant Curator Macbride has been assisted materially by the members of the staff of the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem in the determination of Peruvian plants, and this assistance is deeply appreciated by the Museum. The critical identifications made by those members of the staff who are engaged in systematic work for the Pflanzenreich, the great monograph of the plants of the world being issued by the Berlin Museum, will give the Peruvian specimens an added value for citation purposes in the Flora of Peru. As usual, the Department has been consulted freely by persons desiring information upon botanical matters. Telephone calls from business houses and individuals often bring strange requests for the most heterogeneous information, which is desired for practical appli- cation. The assistance of the Librarian of the Department, Miss Edith M. Vincent, has been invoked repeatedly by artists preparing illustrations for encyclopedias or for advertising folders. Specimens of local plants and of plant material often are brought to the Her- barium by their collectors in order to obtain names or information concerning them. Much time has been required, also, to answer requests for information received by mail, covering almost all branches of botanical science. The Department has been called upon frequently for aid in botanical matters by other Departments of the Museum. The staff of the Herbarium has enjoyed visits from a large number of botanists of the United States and foreign countries. Some have spent only a few hours in the Museum, while passing through Chicago, 344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII but others have devoted a longer period to study of the rapidly expanding collections of the Herbarium. GEOLOGY.—An expedition to Florissant, Colorado, was conducted by Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant in Paleontology. The collecting grounds at this locality occupy the bed of an ancient lake, five miles long and one mile wide, about the shores of which grew, in Miocene times, a varied flora and insect fauna. The flora included all grada- tions from delicate flowering plants to giant sequoias. Active vol- canoes in the vicinity from time to time cast showers of ashes in and about the lake. In the fine-grained muds thus produced, the delicate remains of plants and insects of the period were remarkably well preserved. For collecting purposes, excavations were made by Mr. Patterson at seven different stations in order to obtain as com- prehensive a collection as possible. Acknowledgments are due Mr. Singer, owner of the Singer Ranch, and Mr. George Gotham, manager of the ranch, for permission to excavate on that property, and for much other assistance. Results obtained from the different stations varied considerably in amount, but as a result of the collecting a large and typical series of the fossil insects and plants of the region was secured. The fossil insects collected included flies, true bugs, bees, beetles, ants, crane flies, a perfect butterfly wing and a spider. Among plant remains, a flower of a member of the Convolvulaceae family is of special interest as an example of the preservation of so delicate an object. It belongs to a genus at present restricted to the East Indies. Other plant remains secured were leaves or other parts of poplars, maples, elms, sequoias, and many other trees. Petrified wood of some of the great sequoia trees was also acquired. A feather of a bird contemporaneous with the insects was another interesting object secured. A total of 570 specimens was obtained. A field trip to the coal mines at Braidwood, Illinois, was made by the entire staff of the paleontological division and 126 specimens of fossil plants were obtained. ‘The fossils which were collected occurred chiefly in concretions and represent plants of the orders of Filicales, Equisetales and Lycopodiales. Some of the concretions were sufficiently large to yield specimens nearly a foot in length. A field trip to Terre Haute, Indiana, made by Assistant Patterson netted thirty-five specimens of fossil plants. These specimens were chiefly obtained from the Moore mine, near Terre Haute, Indiana, where they occur in shale. Especially fine specimens of Spheno- phyllum and Calamocladus were collected and proved of service in JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 345 making reconstructions for the Carboniferous forest group in Ernest R. Graham Hall. Field trips by Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy and Assistant Patterson to a section of the Sag Canal, Illinois, yielded twenty-two specimens of fossil worms and three specimens of graptolites. Two publications of major importance have been issued during the year. The first of these is Volume I, No. 1, of. the Geological Memoirs of the Museum, entitled Studies of Fossil Mammals of South America. The authors are Professors William B. Scott and William J. Sinclair of Princeton University. This memoir is the first to be published giving the results of studies of the vertebrate fossils collected by the Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to Patagonia. Professor Scott describes in this memoir a partial skeleton of the little known fossil mammal, Homalodontotherium. Professor Sinclair treats of some fossil marsupials obtained by the expedition. The memoir comprises thirty-nine pages and eight full-page plates. The second publication issued during the year forms No. 3 of the Museum Technique Series. It is entitled Restoration of Ancient Bronzes and Cure of Malignant Patina. Associate Curator Henry W. Nichols is the author and Curator Berthold Laufer of the Department of Anthropology furnishes a foreword. This publication gives the results of several years’ experience of the author in the restoration of ancient bronzes, and describes in full the use of the Fink process, by employment of which remarkably successful results have been obtained. The publication comprises fifty pages and ten full-page plates. A publication describing a marsupial saber-tooth fossil animal from the Pliocene of South America has been prepared in manuscript by Associate Curator Elmer S. Riggs. He also completed manuscript for a guide leaflet on the evolution of the horse and carried on studies of fossil mammals from the Colpodon and Pyrotherium beds of Argentina. Studies of the Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land, fossils and of the drift fossils of Labrador and Baffin Land, all of which were collected by the Second Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum (1927), were continued during the year by Assistant Curator Roy. He completed the descriptions of all the brachiopods in the Frobisher Bay collection, and nearly all the trilobites. Photographs to accom- pany the descriptions have also been made. It is expected that at 346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII least forty new species will be found in the collection as a whole. Fifteen have already been discovered among the brachiopods. Studies of an unusual Silurian worm collected at Blue Island, Illinois, with the cooperation of the University of Chicago, were made by Mr. Roy and the results of his studies are nearly ready for publication. All the members of the scientific staff of the Department have contributed articles to Field Museum News during the year. Such articles include a brief history of the Museum, and matter descriptive of Museum exhibits, expeditions and other features. A total of twenty-three such articles prepared by members of the Department were published during the year. Copy was also prepared for the geological sections of new editions of the Museum Manual and Museum Guide. The Curator and Associate Curator, as members of the committees appointed by the National Research Council to plan geological and mining exhibits for the Century of Progress Exposition, attended several meetings of the committees and made written reports to their several chairmen. The Curator addressed the Chicago Women’s Aid on the ‘‘Activities of Field Museum.” Assistant Curator Roy addressed the Geological Club of the University of Chicago on the “Paleozoic Fauna of the Arctic.” Answering of inquiries of correspondents and visitors continued to occupy much of the time of members of the staff during the year. Information was furnished to 563 correspondents and seventy-two visitors. Identification of minerals and fossils for schools and indi- viduals continues to be an important part of this service. ZOOLOGY.—Six important zoological expeditions were in the field in 1930. Two of these, the Vernay—Lang Kalahari Expedition for Field Museum, and the Second Chancellor-Stuart-Field Museum Expedition (to Aitutaki, Cook Islands), completed their work in 1930, but at the close of the year much of the material collected by them was stillin transit. The First Chancellor-Stuart—Field Museum Expedition (to the South Pacific), which began operations in 1929, returned early in 1930, but, as most of its work was accomplished in 1929, the detailed account of its activities will be found in the Report for that year. Three other expeditions, the Harold White-John Coats Central African Expedition, the Suydam Cutting Expedition to Sikkim, and the Marshall Field Expedition to China were in various stages as GIANT PANDA William V. Kelley Hall of Asiatic Mammals. William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition Background by Charles A. Corwin Taxidermy by Julius Friesser. About one-seventeenth natural size JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 347 this is written, the first drawing its work to a close, the second well under way, and the last just getting to its field of operation. Several private expeditions have reported the collecting of zoo- logical material for Field Museum. Notable is that of Mr. Marshall Field, who obtained several lions for the Museum while on a pleasure trip to Africa. These will be used in a habitat group which has been much desired. Report has been received also from Mr. James E. Baum, Jr., to the effect that he has obtained specimens of large mammals for presentation to the Museum during his personally organized expedition to Persia. Foremost of zoological expeditions during the year was the Vernay—Lang Kalahari Expedition for Field Museum. This was organized, financed, and participated in by Mr. Arthur 8. Vernay, well known for his work in India and elsewhere. The plans of Mr. Vernay were carried out on a large scale and, although Field Museum was the principal beneficiary, material was also collected for the British Museum (Natural History), London, the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, and the American Museum of Natural History, New York. © Mr. Herbert Lang was placed in charge of general management and preparation, his large previous experience in Africa making him especially qualified for this position. Further technical personnel was obtained through cooperation with the Transvaal Museum and the following members of its staff became associated with the expedi- tion: Mr. Austin Roberts, ornithologist; Mr. G. van Son, entomol- ogist and botanist; Mr. V. Fitzsimmons, herpetologist; and Mr. G. Noome, taxidermist. Dr. A. W. Rogers, Director of the Union Geological Survey of South Africa, accompanied the expedition as geologist and contributed much to its success. Mr. Vernay himself completed the field party, and gave his especial attention to large mammals. The complete organization for continuous work consisted of fourteen white men and sixteen natives. The expedition received the cordial cooperation of the officials of the countries traversed, without whose assistance it could not have carried out its work. Lord Athlone, Governor General of South Africa, extended important aid and good will and took much interest in the expedition. Captain The Honorable B. E. H. Clifford, Im- perial Secretary for British South Africa, not only provided numerous indispensable facilities for passage through the country, but also gave invaluable advice in practical matters based on his personal knowledge of conditions gained on his own expedition of 1928. The Resident Commissioner of Bechuanaland, Colonel Rey, gave all 348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII possible assistance. The many courtesies accorded were deeply appreciated by Mr. Vernay and are most gratefully acknowledged by Field Museum. The expedition depended largely upon motor transport, using five one and one-half ton trucks and one six-cylinder passenger car. Much difficulty having been experienced by previous expeditions through scarcity of water and through the frequent puncturing of tires, special precautions were taken to overcome these obstacles. Water tanks were carried on the running boards of all cars, and to one tank on each the radiator was connected to a device by which steam from the radiator was condensed and conserved. This resulted in a running loss of water amounting to no more than 2 per cent. The tires used were the heavy-duty type with special air-container tubes. These covered 5,800 miles, much of it over trackless ground, without a single puncture, a record which seems almost miraculous. Mr. Vernay sailed from Southampton, England, to Cape Town early in February and went thence to Kroonstadt, arriving March 1. Here a brief preliminary trip was made to the region about twenty miles northeast of Kroonstadt in the Orange Free State. This was for the special purpose of obtaining specimens of the blesbok and black wildebeest, species which are now becoming rare and confined to this area. Excellent specimens of both were secured, as well as a few examples of the springbok. Mr. Vernay then went to Pretoria, and thence to Mafeking, where he proceeded by rail to Gaberones, in southeastern Bechuanaland, which was the base of the main expedition. At Gaberones motors and other equipment had been assembled, and with everything in readiness the entire party immediately set out March 18, going northwest into the Kalahari Desert at Mole- polole and then continuing in a diagonal traverse through the center of the desert to the vicinity of Ghanzi. Leaving the Ghanzi district and the main Kalahari, they worked northward to Lake Ngami which was found to be wholly dry. The next main point was Maun, west of the Botletle River, where conditions were still very dry, but collecting was carried on continuously. Farther north it was expected to work up through swamps by boats, but lack of water prevented this, so a trip was made with porters up the Kudumane River until water was found thirty-five miles from its mouth. Hunting was carried on here for some time, and also in the vicinity of the Mababe Flats. off c Vi/SAGOHY V8 92 of ore NOILIGGdXT LUASAC IUVHVIVH ONVI-AVNUGA AM GASUMAVUL NOIDA AO dVW «+S 2VOYNTEV9 '° “e, J7O7OST ION . HHH SOC OL 7 / ey SSS SSIIYVINNOG eoreee FT LMOY NO/LIGFIXA Q 3aISA NNaS‘® CINWIVNVWNHOAd | evzweno | INV T vINONNIZVUN Vi S=GiOF JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 349 At this point Mr. Vernay proceeded at once to Livingstone, leaving the expedition to work slowly from the Mababe Flats to Kazungula. Here a road was cut south for hunting around Great Makakari where valuable material was obtained. On September 7, the expedition came out to Livingstone and brought its field work toa close. The broad appreciation of all the possibilities of the expedition for museum purposes shown by Mr. Vernay in planning and organizing it, and his wise choice of personnel, brought well-deserved results. A difficult region was traversed without mishap, and a collection was made which, considering the time spent, is the equal of or superior to any other ever brought out of Africa. Preliminary classification and enumeration of specimens before shipment indi- cates long series of practically all the large mammals of South Africa, including the following: giraffe, blesbok, springbok, eland, sassaby, steinbok, lechwe, reedbuck, sable antelope, Burchell’s zebra, kudu, puku, roan, lion, leopard, brown hyena, wild dog, and aardvark. Of mammals in general, there are 800 specimens of some ninety species; of birds, 1,500 specimens of about 350 species; of reptiles, 2,500 specimens; of fishes, 500 specimens; of lower invertebrates, 1,000 specimens; of insects, 25,000; and of plants, a large collection as yet not recorded by number. A further important result is a complete and detailed photographic record of the expedition which for quality of production and choice of subjects has rarely, if ever, been equaled. Finally, as a result of this expedition, Field Museum comes into possession of a remarkably fine specimen of the giant sable antelope of Angola. This was obtained through arrangements made by Mr. Vernay with Mr. Allan Chapman, and with the Portuguese Colonial Office and the Governor General of Loanda, to whom grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to take the specimen. The horns of this specimen measure five feet two and one-half inches in length, and it is therefore among the finest of the few examples of this rare antelope preserved for museum purposes. The Chancellor-Stuart-Field Museum Expedition to Aitutaki, Cook Islands, sponsored and led by Mr. Philip M. Chancellor of Santa Barbara, California, sailed from San Francisco June 11. Mr. Chancellor, accompanied by Mr. Norton Stuart, proceeded to Rara- tonga, Cook Islands, and thence by trading schooner to Aitutaki Island, arriving in July. Their object was the collection of the highly colored and greatly varied fishes of the coral reefs, and the photog- _ raphy of reef life in general. They returned in December, bringing 350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII approximately 400 fishes among which are very peculiar types suitable for reproduction and exhibition in the Museum’s new Hall of Fishes, now under construction. In addition to this valuable ichthyological collection, the expedition produced some 14,000 feet of motion picture film, partly of undersea scenes taken with a diving bell and special cameras, and partly of various interesting subjects illustrating native life on the island. The Harold White-John Coats African Expedition of 1930, led by Captain Harold A. White of New York and Major John Coats of London, England, had as its principal object the securing of certain especially rare and desirable African mammals. It also supple- mented the results of the Abyssinian expedition of 1929, likewise conducted by Captain White and Major Coats. Captain White and Major Coats reached Nairobi by airplane early in September and arranged a special hunt for the beautiful but most elusive antelope known as the bongo, a species never obtained by any of the Museum’s previous African expeditions. This hunt was made in the Aberdare Mountains in dense humid forests at an elevation of 10,000 feet. After very hard hunting, fortune favored them and they were rewarded with success almost beyond expectations. The following quoted from a letter received from Captain White indicates what took place: “After one week of hunting twelve hours a day in that terrible forest, an old native tracker brought us into the heart of the bamboo forest where we discovered an old salt lick that his father had told him about and which had been lost to the younger generation. Here, early one morning, we saw a herd of over thirty bongo just entering the forest, and we picked our female and young yearling out of this group. Several days later, after waiting all night at this lick in terrible cold and rain, we shot a large bull just coming down to drink. This animal is a beauty and has a very fine horn measure- ment of over thirty inches. Later on, we secured another herd bull, making in all four fine large animals and one small young one.” The bongo is unquestionably one of the most difficult to secure of the large mammals of Africa, and Captain White and Major Coats are to be congratulated on their success. Besides the speci- mens, they had the rare good fortune, doubtless unique, to obtain clear and distinct moving pictures of the live animals in their forest habitat. Captain White and Major Coats continued hunting in other selected localities and obtained a very fine bull eland and a small Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VIII, Plate XX XI LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF A MUCUNA, A LIANA FROM THE FOREST ON THE BANKS OF THE TAPAJOZ RIVER, BRAZIL Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) Collected by the Marshall Field Amazon Expedition, 1929, and reproduced in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories One-fourth natural size JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 351 baby rhinoceros, both of which were needed for use in the large water hole group for which they collected the principal animals in 1929. At last reports, they were expecting to get specimens of Hunter’s antelope, a scarce and localized species not at present represented in Field Museum. The Suydam Cutting Expedition to Sikkim was organized and sponsored by Mr.. C. Suydam Cutting of New York, well known traveler and sportsman, and companion of Messrs. Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt on their recent expeditions for Field Museum. Mr. Cutting spent the summer and early fall of 1980 in the highlands of Sikkim and neighboring parts of Tibet. Associated with him was Mr. Herbert Stevens of Tring, England, who devoted himself to general collecting from fixed camps of smaller mammals, birds, and reptiles, while Mr. Cutting moved about engaged in photography and big game hunting. Under date of October 3, Mr. Cutting wrote from the field, reporting that he had obtained three specimens of the Tibetan Argali sheep (Ov1s ammon hodgsoni). These were taken in Sikkim near the Tibetan border at an altitude of 17,800 feet. Mr. Cutting returned to New York in December, leaving Mr. Stevens to continue detailed work. Specimens from this expedition will not be received until 1931. The Marshall Field Expedition to China was just reaching its first field of operation near the close of the year. This expedition is con- ducted by Mr. Floyd T. Smith, who will be accompanied by a corps of trained native Chinese collectors and who will work in cooperation with Chinese scientific societies. Mr. Smith sailed from the United States in July, and after reaching Shanghai, spent some weeks in establishing relations with Chinese officials and in accumulating and perfecting equipment. On November 29, Mr. Smith, with five Chinese assistants, started up the Yangtze River with the intention of continuing to Suifu and thence up the Min River to Chiatingfu, where it was planned to establish a headquarters for preliminary work. Among immediate objects is that of obtaining a series of specimens and complete material for a habitat group of the peculiar goat antelope known as the takin. Later, detailed general collecting is planned for the district of Mouping, in the province of Szechwan, to obtain typical examples of the many animals discovered there by the French missionary Armand David. Subsequent work will be carried on in southern provinces, especially the province of Kweichow. Field Museum is much indebted to the Chinese Ministry of Education and to the Academia Sinica of Nanking, through Dr. 352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII T. H. Chien and Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei, for their courteous reception of Mr. Smith and their broad-minded appreciation of the objects of his work. Curator Wilfred H. Osgood was absent during the spring months, engaged in research at the British Museum (Natural History) in London. This work was especially in connection with the classi- fication of mammals obtained by the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition in China and Indo-China. Certain unidentified mammals from other expeditions were also studied and notes made for use in the preparation of publications previously undertaken. A further result was the acquisition of a share of a large unstudied collection of mammals from French Indo-China which was submitted to Dr. Osgood for determination by the joint action of the British Museum and the French naturalist, M. Jean Delacour, whose expedition made the collection. Associate Curator C. E. Hellmayr also spent several months abroad, mainly in London, but also in various continental cities where he examined historic specimens of birds and carried on research in which all matters of uncertainty were settled for the completion of his forthcoming work, The Birds of Chile. He also made important studies for use in continuation of the series of books issuing under the title Birds of the Americas. Dr. Hellmayr published in Alauda, a French ornithological periodical, a paper entitled “Louis Bose, Ornithologue Oublié,” and in Novitates Zoologicae a short paper entitled “On Two Unde- scribed Neotropical Birds.” Colin C. Sanborn, Assistant in Mammalogy, completed a study of the large collection of South Sea bats made by the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition. While at work on this, he received further collections from the same region submitted by the Museum of Com- parative Zoology of Harvard University and the American Museum of Natural History, the last of these being the extensive series obtained by the Whitney South Sea Expedition. He has, therefore, prepared a combined report on all three collections. Mr. Sanborn published in American Museum Novitates, No. 435, a paper entitled “Two New Fruit Bats Collected by the Whitney South Sea Expedition,” and in the Journal of Mammalogy (Vol. XI, pp. 61-68) one on “Distribution and Habits of the Three-banded Armadillo (Tolypeutes).” JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 353 Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt continued research on the local fauna during 1930, to complete the series of descriptive leaflets dealing with the amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago area. A Museum leaflet by Mr. Schmidt on The Salamanders of the Chicago Area, illustrated with three black and white plates and one colored plate, was finished and published early in the year. The manuscript for a leaflet on the turtles, the third of the series, was completed by Mr. Schmidt. He also finished a study of the small but unusually interesting collection of reptiles secured in north Arabia by Mr. Henry Field in the course of the Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expeditions of 1927-28. The results of this study were issued in the Museum’s Zoological Series of publica- tions. Further progress was made in the study and identification of the collections of reptiles made by the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition and the William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Expedition. Mr. Schmidt published (jointly with Mr. Charles E. Burt) a paper entitled “Description of Emoia sanfordi, a New Lizard from the Islands of the Western Pacific” in American Museum Novitates, No. 486. Healso contributed an ‘‘Essay on the Zoogeography of the Pacific Islands,’’ which appeared in Jungle Islands, the book on the Crane Pacific Expedition published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons. An important report on the Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition, 1922-1923, by Assistant Curator John T. Zimmer, was published. Included are the descriptions of six new birds discovered by this expedition, others having been named in several preliminary papers. The report covers 247 pages and forms a valuable contri- bution to knowledge of the birds of South America. A special publication was issued November 17, 1930, under the title Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals. This was in the form of a portfolio of colored lithographic reproductions of paintings made by Louis Agassiz Fuertes while a member of the Field Museum— Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition of 1926-27. Included are four studies of mammals and twenty-eight of birds, among which are many of the finest and most characteristic species of Abyssinia. A brief descriptive text accompanies the plates. The publication of this portfolio was made possible by a generous donation from Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, who was also a member of the expedition on which the original paintings were made. These paintings, 108 in number, were purchased by Mr. Cutting after the artist’s untimely death and presented to the Museum. From this collection, thirty-two of the finest have been selected and reproduced by offset lithography. 354 FIELD MuseUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REportTS, VOL. VIII A large number of articles were contributed to Field Museum News by members of the Department staff. The following list indicates the various expeditions and other field work conducted during 1930 for all Departments of the Museum: LOCALITY COLLECTORS MATERIAL KisH, MESOPOTAMIA....L. C. Watelin Archaeological collections (Eighth season) René Watelin I. Martel NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA. W. D. Hambly Ethnological collections COLORADO ee scene cee Paul S. Martin Archaeological collections MUROPECO fo noe ee Henry Field Anthropological collections PERU CES ee oatie we Llewelyn Williams Botanical collections BUUROPES 6202 pee et J. Francis Macbride Photographs of botanical type specimens COLORADO: oy. =: aici these Bryan Patterson Paleontological collections ILLINOIS. ....-.---+--- Elmer S. Riggs Paleontological collections (Braidwood) and assistants INDIANA: 50/29 Saver NrsNas Oa ale vis wee a> © 4 MGeaL Ver TeUbered TOL COPYTIONG yo cai lee se wie clec ess vsle vs wn eeec crete 35 earre EPANSPATENCICR LOWER. oo a bial wieidie vc eis meas ets wawle senda. 1 MareantH paren NEM NTIS DERLGISL, sy oss Sapo Se eee a a ohn 2 188 seams as 2 ale wan es i (CATLES ROTO ED ES Aa aE OS Oa SNR NO ee eee a 6 SHR IMMIESTOTOTAV CUR Hee Miter tee Cat ane sheer e aya ctereesi ayes oh eee vase ok Sapeietot 2 NAS Cell ANGOUS LCI S ese ts oa Rice ete nie sii ane Shes sacar wiih Syaystay crolsiess 30 Ertl erent rte ht: ee ep aeeee thtet anata ls Ft la sod rave ta oe RuSlapeia i wa 1,372 DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS The number of names on the membership rolls of the Museum for 1930 shows a slight increase over that registered in 1929. Follow- ing is a classified list of the total number of memberships: ES TIC PACEODS see Tt ee Se Sra EGG) o race Do SR RIER REN Soop alah ates 8 17 EIST UL EERUIETS 85, os SOs Loh aici. ery vie Se we ceases A ies ware Niele 21 RAEN ODA ee tere Pa ON ete. Gea eee scale GUA AAI Den cu S eeara sie a data 31 Serres MEE RA CNEDETE 5, 305 5 Walaw.ss, d cheeealaions waters epee dar sayelsio-nibheleve 3 MESFACEUEDIDECAL Ste eee eee eee ee tate aie Ghabe tebe brad etic Sue euch cravlonlonelsy aliava ie 97 eR RTE NAOT 5608 Soa. a stay ech as a aie SE ciao eiedieiem cde. e 50 MTR S NCTE SU te ene Ey eI ic poietic ehenepstiacneeN ae) dicia Sh stend ale vekone Gusts 356 Non hesidentilite Members. yo... Sisclas scarce seveto even) oteiers 2 celene sete whate NRE CHATTER CI CES eee nen ys oh eter le ear cals aapaue nore elevates wens pes 2,296 Won-hesident ‘Associave Members s< .).c.s.ccae site em aise eleis et aieerete SUES ed UTED Ud VUOTIA DOTS ony 8s cts ose avcpate ves chek sl Sicceiov atone sea sraiee a ehede tae at aalewane a 251 ACTTAUI ALM VIETINIO CYS Soe ee acne oyster Ac, wr hack Seat ob ok ate erotic Tava, arate oh charctets 2,911 POtAl RI ETAGETAHIDE hase te eis Sele gisibts 5s 0 dip Nin dln ole wiesds.e 6,041 The names of all Members on the rolls as of December 31, 1930, will be found elsewhere in this Report. CAFETERIA The cafeteria served refreshments to 101,271 persons during 1930, an increase of 4,766 over the number in 1929. The cafeteria is not oper- ated by the Museum, but is under the management of a concessionaire. In the pages which follow are submitted the Museum’s financial statements, lists of accessions, names of Members, et cetera. STEPHEN C. Simms, Director. 422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FROM JANUARY 1, 1930, TO DECEMBER 31, 1930 Totalvattendance sn ci eno. eile LiL eA Onene Ul Mia aan eae Paidbattendances i676 kee ee a BN a ee 160,924 Free admissions on pay days: RST DLoLs\elrs, . AAMAS Mere Re RM ey AEDS Ra Lets Aoi A Alara id 13,221 School!childrent:!) 232 3, oe Sees Ree eee eter 75,744 iter: Vol atc) ¢< eee PMA aE AEN ER IE 5 SI ANS ee el ait a atl in 1,808 Members” s.3 6 se. sie cies ho Woke GO LR Ee ere 1,735 Admissions on free days: Thursdays (62)... oo et eels See en oe teeter ener 176,716 Saturdays (BA) 26 622 otk nis ea eh Gee Ae oi eee pee 334,823 Sundays 52)" cee tic aiseve cites mes ey cen 567,828 Highest attendance on any day (August 17, 1930)............ 23,414 Lowest attendance on any day (March 25, 1930)............. 6 Highest paid attendance (September 1, 1930)................ 6,281 Average daily admissions (365 days)...........-..-.--2+55- 3,651 Average paid admissions (209 days).................-+-.--- 770 Number of guides sold: ccs ccs 35 ic ell Sten tne = ee ere 11,721 Number of articles checked). tuisonoccca decmeeee veo e 19,190 Number of picture post cards sold............-.--2ss0s0e0- 183,235 Sales of publications, leaflets, handbooks, portfolios and photo- SAPS 2 o.2 isis Acels 6. View ajo Rawheioe Pies iota eee ae he Eee $4,914.72 1,332,799 azis [enjoe YAXts-du0, AMOLSIN TVUOALVN AO WOASAW ATI tO NOISNALXH TOOHOS OITANd SINUVH “MN FHL AG OOVOIHO AO STOOHOS GHL OL GANVOT ASVO AO AdAL 48v7 JOHS Cam #14) U} poem poo ade puri yo lone > mio) a AULA PPRTDOD w § # ‘ou Swooy = Wala patp. cpm tuee' So PUB}, PHP amLIe CUR 40) VEY KJOOU) POO PaNy FOP YwU 40) ‘se Myo asoyy sa Auswus vy Ay FY Ho PE ALL endow sang. on pees ashes Rh HAO Aomnonad Burne my tome te | Poem my 11 4 A04y em LUC) HOY BOA} HI) JO POON DLL smug pONNUN) OnLy UF RAWAL pU9 wag 2% s4lo Jo 34d YO018 Vg spun opp QUOT AG HY JES yo BpUnOd J yd) ayWUF —————— mms peony eee ose sede jo Sh des yo woot en dm dnste yo tones © pur \daate and po se i 3 334 s § 5 . z 5 pew sue seine ol pow daats odour tio woos) 9043 29h AY mening odo ans, ot at SANe LOY, TOON SHU "PAK HAY Ly POTRRAIUE TOL aZe dong) 20) OH, PANEL, Ah AEN UE IT LORY 3341 J1dVW YVSNS ce PI, Fe YF ES SH A Gorm w0sy MAD OLY HY SARUIO Ler "Tom Atty “pe Aah 20) Coe PELL. mY 3941 JIdVW YVONS Kas amen, f9 em: em EN) Fe INA SY mw 4 aRins 08 arabe odes FRO OF EMOP BM 1 me MU mye anne nae pe ew rae avs Nav es 7 IX 92Id ‘IITA “IOA ‘s}10day A1OYSIPT [VINJVN JO Vanasny PlelT 4: Ae oe JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1930 Endowment Fund income................ $194,921.37 Less: Transferred to Reserve against Security Investments — all PUMG Bs cote tots atose aks aie 10,000.00 $184,921.37 Income from funds held under annuity agreements..... 41,001.02 Life Membership Fund income......................- 14,181.74 Associate Membership Fund income.................. 12,592.44 South paris Commissioners. «so joy. < s!s.0 sos flelelecs a ose =i 55,911.15 Annual and Sustaining memberships.................. 24,700.00 NATISSICITIS 1G ee Eee MeN ere okie chs pa ae eee a Bese ILS 40,220.50 Rae MOMMA 33, ca i uteseret ana groves als swear aime eracale pores 14,077.88 Contributions for general purposes..................-- 250,000.00 Contributions for special purposes (expended per contra) 107,394.99 Special funds: Part expended this year for purposes created (in- CURE FCT CORTE oa pes cl ats o b siaiiaie cieteseteccrerese 40,321.00 Expenditures: COUSCHONE ee See eso elonie:« aie avontarncioe $138,156.90 MIMOPMIGIONIS 2 2hg Lega shat statd «ate el res iallw ial @ osie eu bvone’s 30,814.47 Furniture and fixtures, equipment, etc............. 54,572.58 Blast Penrogucuion:. 105.) a stase s/s ssa s os 3/2 afd = 15,395.50 Pensions, group insurance premiums, etc........... 16,371.95 Research TeNOWSHIP 2.5 < o5 faves ce wa hele terciste alse s (elle, sus 850.00 TIGPALDINENLALCXDENSES 6 ices 5.0 wie hacia ees es 98,014.89 General operating expenses..................0055 496,922.21 Annuities on contingent gifts: .<.........0..9-.-.- 38,997.03 Added to principal of annuity endowments........ 2,003.99 Interest on loans and tax anticipation warrants.... 8,121.28 Remaining excess of expenditures over income and receipts......... 423 $785,322.09 $900,220.80 $114,898.71 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1930 Interest:and dividends on investments)... 2.0.6 sk ee occ cele eee RD a Mee AMLTUIAT SUNDA TAee eee ee Nighi ct a i vc, wc) 0,6 9, ap ¢. folio. am ¢ fe Oe Balance sMecemipetrel se boaU crac wil cieetoistacchn rehavelenelarstauetcveiets. sieve $21,405.28 19,889.85 $1,515.43 424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII LIST OF ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CHINA, Chicago. 5 objects: 1 painting on silk repre- senting a cockfight, twelfth cen- tury; 1 rhinoceros horn carved with animals, fifteenth century; 1 painted neolithic vase, 1 deco- rated porcelain jar, 1 gilt bronze figure of rhinoceros—China (gift). BAHR, A. W., New York. 4 objects: 1 decorated jade ring, late Chou period; 1 notched disk, 1 small ox-head of steatite, Han period; 1 plastron of turtle in- scribed and used for divination, Shang dynasty, about 1500 B.c.— China (gift). BOOMER, DR. P. C., Chicago. . 2 tiles: 1 blue-glazed roofing tile, 1 fragmentary yellow-glazed tile disk—Peiping, China (gift). BRAUCHER, MRS. ERNEST N., River Forest, Illinois. 8 objects: 7 flint arrowheads and spearheads, 1 iron arrowhead— Illinois (gift). BUHMANN, C. F., Davenport, Iowa. 2 short swords in carved bone sheaths —Japan (gift). BUTLER, BURRIDGE D., Chicago. 6 old decorated woolen blankets— Navaho and Hopi, New Mexico (gift). COTTON, REV. H. A., Warrensburg, Illinois. 40 objects: chair, baskets, sandals, clubs, and tools—Ovimbundu, Angola, Africa (gift). CRANE, R. T., JR., Chicago. 5 jade objects: 1 decorated white jade ax, 1 inscribed jade slab from a jade book, 3 archaic jade carv- ings of deer, dragon, and ox— China (gift). DOHMEN, U. A., Chicago. 2 flint arrowheads—Serrano and Paiute, southern California (gift). DREYFUS, MOISE, Chicago. 1 blanket—Navaho, New Mexico (gift). DRUMMOND, DR. I. W., New York. 1 steatite symbol of Earth—China (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia (Marshall Field Fund): About 1,200 objects: 47 skulls, skeletal material, 60 complete pots, pottery sherds, clay figurines, flints, shell, bone and metal objects, stone door posts—Kish, Mesopotamia. Collected by W. D. Hambly, leader of Frederick H. Rawson—Field Mu- seum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa: 1,549 ethnological objects—Ovim- bundu, Angola;and Yoruba, Nupe, Hausa, Budama, Munshi, Beni— Nigeria. Collected by Llewelyn Williams, leader of Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to the Amazon (Peruvian Division): 15 miscellaneous ethnological objects —Yahuas, Campas, and Kokama, pee Andes, Amazon and Ucayali, eru. Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin, leader of Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest (Julius and Augusta Rosenwald Fund): About 200 objects: pottery, bone, wood, and stone implements— Lowry ruin, Colorado. Collected by Arthur S. Vernay Vernay—Lang Kalahari Expedi- tion of Field Museum: 28 ethnological objects: bows, quivers with arrows, ostrich eggs, ostrich- eggshell necklaces, head-dresses, belts, apron, string-bag, and a skull—Bushmen, South Africa. Purchases: 5 framed oil paintings representing prehistoric scenes of Europe by Charles R. Knight—Dordogne, France; Neuchatel, Switzerland, from Henry Field. JAN. 1931 1 east of bison—Tuc d’Audoubert, Ariége, France, from Count Bégouen. 2 stone axes—New South Wales, Australia, from J. W. Woodhead, collector. 68 objects: silver jewelry and tools of silversmith, 1 pair of bellows, 30 tools and 1 mold—Navaho, New Mexico, from H. Schweizer, collector (Julius and Augusta Rosenwald Fund). 1 model of Maya temple Sub EVII— Uaxactun, Peten, Guatemala. About 24 objects: prehistoric mummy of young adult male from burial cave with mat, cord blanket, and 4 pottery sherds, fragmentary child’s body and 7 detached parts of bodies—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico. GREENLEE, WILLIAM B., Chicago. 4 objects: 1 ivory opium pipe— China; 1 gilded Buddha image— Siam; 1 knife—Nepal; 1 pottery lamp—Italy (gift). GUSINDE, DR. MARTIN, Vienna, Austria. 1 plaster cast of the skull of a native of Tierra del Fuego, South America (exchange). HASKELL MUSEUM, ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, University of Chicago. 14 predynastic pottery jars—Pre- dynastic, Egypt (deposit). HEERAMANECK, N. M., New York. 6 cast brass figures—Borneo (gift). HESS, PROFESSOR J. J., Ziirich, Switzerland. 1 inscribed metal coin—Arabs, El- Hasa, central Arabia (gift). HEUERMANN, MISS MAGDA, Oak Park, Illinois. 1 pottery cup from prehistoric tumu- lus, bronze period—Province of Brandenburg, Prussia (gift). HUGHES, THOMAS &., Chicago. 2 black-red figure craters—Paestum, Lucania, southern Italy (gift). KRIEGER, E. B., Hubbard Woods, Illinois. 1 copper spearhead—Hubbard Woods, Illinois (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 425 LANGDON, PROFESSOR STEPHEN, Oxford, England. 1 reproduction of a clay head of a Sumerian—Kish, Irak (gift). LEE LING YUN, Shanghai, in mem- ory of his father, Lee Wan Ching. 1 gilt bronze statuette of a standing Buddha, Ming period (1368-1643) —China (gift). LINTON, DR. RALPH, Madison, Wis- consin. 1 jade arrowhead—Tlingit or Haida, Northwest Coast, North America (exchange). MOORE, MRS. WILLIAM H., New York. 3 jade objects: 1 green jade brush- holder, 1 yellow jade twin vase, 1 black jade dish, K‘ien-lung period (1736—95)—China (gift). MOSS, MYER H., Chicago. 1 rug—Navaho, New Mexico (gift). MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND IN- DUSTRIAL ARTS, Chicago. 1 model of one of Queen Hatshepsut’s boats—Egypt (gift). PATTEN, HENRY J., Chicago. 6 Babylonian clay tablets—Baby- lonia, Mesopotamia (gift). PEET, FRED N., Chicago. 1 decorated birch-bark vessel— junction of Current and Squaw Rivers, Ontario, Canada (gift). PITTMAN, MISS LIDA A., Mount Pleasant, Iowa. 1 gilded brass bracelet inlaid with cat’s-eye—India; 1 shell bead neck- lace—Prehistoric Indian, Iowa (gift). RECORD, PROFESSOR SAMUEL J., New Haven, Connecticut. 1 stone ax-head—Santa Marta, Co- lombia, South America (gift). SCHNEIDER, I. 8., Chicago. 2 iron objects: 1 spear and 1 crescent- shaped ax—North Africa (gift). SCHWEPPE, MRS. CHARLES, Chicago. 1 decorated metal mirror, T‘ang period (A.D. 618-—906)—China (gift). 426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII SEED, WILLIAM H., Chicago. 1 bone scraper— Waukegan, Illinois (gift). SKELTON, J. A., Sonsonate, Salvador, Central America. 1 stone figure—Chorotega, Nica- ragua; 1 carved stone ring—Pre- Columbian, EF] Salvador, Central America (gift). SMITH, MRS. GEORGE T., Chicago. 1 white jade dish in shape of lotus leaf—China; 1 jade carving of a recumbent lion-like monster de- vouring two snakes, Tang period (A.D. 618-906)—China (gift). VERBOIS, REV. RAFAEL, Baguio, Philippine Islands. 1 small clay tablet with image of Vajrapani—Tibet (gift). VON DRASEK, FRANK, Cicero, Illinois. 17 arrowheads and spearheads of chalcedony, jasper, and flint— Lake Catherine, Magnet Cove, Arkansas; 16 flint arrowheads and spearheads—Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift). WEBER, DAVID, Chicago. 2 mortuary clay figures of horse- women engaged in a polo match, T‘ang period (A.D. 618-906)— China (gift). WEISS, SIDNEY, Chicago. 1 alabaster model of Taj Mahal— India (gift). WHITEHEAD, DR. RALPH M., New York. 6 objects: 3 ear ornaments of beetle wings and toucan feathers, 1 cot- ton bag, 1 bark-cloth shirt, 1 comb—Aguaruna Indians (sub- tribe of Jivaros), Amazon Region, #* Brazil (gift). WILLIS, L. M., Chicago. 1 glass amphora set in bronze tripod stand—Pompeii, Italy (gift). - YOUNG, J. W., Chicago. 2 prehistoric coiled cooking pots— Chaco Canyon, Arizona (gift). DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AELLEN, PROFESSOR P., Basel, Switzerland. 102 specimens of plants (exchange). ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. 298 specimens of plants (exchange). BAILEY, DANA K., New York. 4 specimens of plants (gift). BAILEY, PROFESSOR L. H., Ithaca, New York. 5 photographs and specimens of plants from Venezuela (gift). BEBB, HERBERT, Chicago. 2 specimens of plants from Indiana (gift). BENKE, H. C., Chicago. 992 specimens of plants from the United States (gift). BISHOP MUSEUM, BERNICE P., Honolulu, Hawaii. 1 specimen of pia tubers; 2 herbarium specimens (gift). BLETSCH, W. E., Highland Park, Illinois. 34 specimens of North American woods (gift). BOGUSCH, E. R., Pullman, Wash- ington. 78 specimens of plants from western United States (gift). BOTANICAL GARDEN AND MUSEUM, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. 4,137 specimens of plants, chiefly from South America (exchange). BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), London, England. 137 specimens of plants from South America (exchange). BRUCE, E. L., COMPANY, Memphis, Tennessee. 2 red gum boards for exhibition (gift). CALDERON, DR. SALVADOR, San Salvador, Salvador. 40 specimens of plants; 2 wood samples (gift). JAN. 1931 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF eames San Francisco, Cali- ornia. 654 specimens of plants (exchange). CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D.C. 238 specimens of plants (exchange). ‘CHAMBERLAIN, PROFESSOR C. J., Chicago. 4 specimens of cycad seeds (gift). CHANEY, DR. RALPH W., Berkeley, California. 1 specimen of plant from Panama (gift). CHATEAU, REV. FATHER I., Mis- sion, Texas. 3 specimens of plants; 1 wood speci- men (gift). COOPER, PROFESSOR WILLIAM S., Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1 specimen of plant from Alaska (gift). CORNELL UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, Ithaca, New York. 445 specimens of plants from New ’ York (exchange). CORY, V. L., Sonora, Texas. 3 specimens of plants (gift). CURTIN, MRS. LEONORA &., Santa Fe, New Mexico. 144 specimens of plants (gift). DEAM, C. C., Bluffton, Indiana. 2 specimens of plants (gift). DEGENER, PROFESSOR OTTO, Honolulu, Hawaii. 14 specimens of plants (gift). DIRECCION GENERAL DE AGRI- CULTURA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. 133 specimens of plants (gift). EYERDAM, WALTER J., Seattle, Washington. 68 specimens of plants from Kam- chatka (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren (Marshall Field Botanical Expedi- tion to the Amazon, 1929): 304 economic specimens from Brazil. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 427 Collected by Llewelyn Williams (Marshall Field Botanical Expedi- tion to the Amazon, 1929-30, Peruvian Division): 13,000 herbarium specimens; 2,016 wood specimens; 73 economic spec- imens, from Peru. Collected by Dr. O. C. Farrington (Marshall Field Brazilian Expedi- tion, 1922-23): 3 economic specimens from Brazil. Collected by J. Eric Thompson (Second Marshall Field Archaeological Ex- pedition to British Honduras): 30 specimens of plants from British Honduras. Collected by Dr. A. W. Herre (Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedi- tion of Field Museum): 283 specimens of plants from the Pacific Islands. Rockefeller Foundation Fund for Photographing Type Specimens: 5,166 negatives of type specimens of the Berlin Herbarium; 32 photo- graphic prints. Transferred from the Department of Anthropology: 17 economic specimens. Transferred from the Division of Photography: 5,847 photographic prints. Purchases: 162 specimens of Porto Rican woods, collected by Justo D. Barea. 24 specimens of seeds collected in Trinidad by W. E. Broadway. 100 specimens of Argentine plants collected by Dr. Arturo Donat. 263 specimens of Kamchatka plants collected by Walter J. Eyerdam. 77 specimens of plants collected in Uruguay by Dr. Guillermo Herter. 100 specimens of plants collected in Paraguay by Pedro Jorgensen. 1,460 specimens of Peruvian plants collected by G. Klug. 278 specimens of plants collected in British Honduras by C. L. Lundell. 475 specimens of Venezuelan plants collected by Henri Pittier and W. Gehriger. 224 specimens of Venezuelan plants collected by José Saer d’Héquert. 720 specimens of Peruvian plants collected by Carlos O. Schunke. 428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII 235 specimens of Brazilian plants collected by E. H. Snethlage. 288 specimens of plants from the Dominican Republic, collected by E. J. Valeur. 1,686 specimens of Peruvian plants, collected by Dr. August Weber- bauer. 300 specimens of plants collected in Chile by Dr. K. Behn. 100 specimens of plants collected in Argentina by Erik Ammann. 510 specimens of Brazilian plants collected by Per Dusén. 5 economic specimens. FISHER, G. L., Houston, Texas. 193 specimens of plants from Texas (gift). FREYNUTH, MRS. W. C., River Forest, Illinois. 1 specimen of a plant (gift). GARRETT, PROFESSOR A. O., Salt Lake City, Utah. 158 specimens of plants; 19 packets of seeds (gift). GRAHAM, EDWARD H., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 13 specimens of plants from British Guiana and West Indies (gift). GRAMS, WILLIAM F. C., Des Plaines, Illinois. 34 specimens of plants (gift). GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 69 specimens of plants, chiefly from Brazil (exchange). GRISCOM, LUDLOW, ‘Cambridge, Massachusetts. 192 specimens of plants from New- foundland (exchange). GRONEMANN, CARL F., Elgin, Illinois. 3 specimens of plants (gift). GROSSKURTH, CHARLES, Long Island City, New York. 1 white pine board for exhibit (gift). GUTHRIE, JOHN BLAIR, Chicago. 1 specimen of cotton plant (gift). HARRIS, MRS. B., Evanston, Illinois. 1 specimen of fungus (gift). HAYNIE, MISS NELLIE V., Oak Park, Illinois. 1 specimen of peanut walnuts from Indiana (gift). HELLMAYR, DR. C. E., Chicago. 4 specimens of orchids (gift). HERCULES POWDER COMPANY, Wilmington, Delaware. 31 samples of wood distillation prod- ucts; 1 framed picture; 9 photo- graphs (gift). HUTCHINSON, MRS. FRANCES, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. 1 specimen of plant (gift). IOWA STATE COLLEGE, Ames, Iowa. 14 samples of corn products (gift). IVORY COAST, WEST AFRICA, FOREST SERVICE. 2 wood specimens of African mahog- any; 5 herbarium specimens (gift). JARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITEN- ZORG, Buitenzorg, Java. 8 economic specimens (gift). JARDIN BOTANIQUE PRINCIPAL, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. 397 specimens of plants from Colom- bia and Mexico (exchange). JOHANSEN, DR. HOLGER, La Lima, Honduras. 4 specimens of plants (gift). JOHNSTON, DR. JOHN R., Boston, Massachusetts. 1 plant specimen (gift). KAUFFMANN, EMILIO, Para, Brazil. 4 specimens of plants (gift). KENOYER, PROFESSOR L. A., Kalamazoo, Michigan. 190 specimens of plants (gift). KLUG, G., Iquitos, Peru. 32 specimens of plants (gift). LANCETILLA EXPERIMENT STA- TION, Tela, Honduras. 7 photographic prints (gift). LANKESTER, C. H., Cartago, Costa Rica. 3 specimens of plants (gift). JAN. 1931 LINDQUIST, RUDOLPH, Winnetka, Tllinois. 1 plant specimen (gift). LONGLEY, PROFESSOR W. H., Baltimore, Maryland. 1 plant specimen from Florida (gift). LUNDELL, C. L., Dallas, Texas. 156 specimens of plants from British Honduras and Texas (gift). McLAUGHLIN BROTHERS AND COMPANY, Chicago. 8 economic specimens (gift). MARTINEZ, PROFESSOR MAXI- MINO, Mexico City, Mexico. 1 photograph of cypress tree (gift). MELL, C. D., New York. 91 specimens of plants from Mexico (gift). MEXIA, MRS. YNES, Berkeley, Cali- fornia. 1 plant specimen from Mexico (gift). MILLAR, JOHN R., Chicago. 2 economic specimens (gift). MILLER, T. O., Evanston, Illinois. 1 plant specimen (gift). NEW YORK BOTANICALGARDEN, Bronx Park, New York. 4 specimens of plants (exchange). OREGON STATE FLAX INDUS- TRY, Salem, Oregon. 6 economic specimens (gift). ORTIZ, FABIAN, Guatemala City, Guatemala. 1 plant specimen (gift). PENROD, JURDEN AND CLARK COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. 82 veneers of woods (gift). PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS AND WATERS, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 2 boards of pitch pine for exhibition (gift). PROBST, DR. RUDOLF, Langendorf bei Solothurn, Switzerland. 8 specimens of plants (gift). PUBLIC MUSEUM, Milwaukee, Wis- consin. 536 specimens of plants from Wis- consin (exchange). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 429 PURPUS, DR. C. A., Zacuapam, Mexico. 13 specimens of plants (gift). RICHMOND, MISS EMMA, Lodi, Wisconsin. 6 specimens of plants (gift). RIGG, PROFESSOR GEORGE B., Seattle, Washington. 3 specimens of plants (gift). RIKSMUSEETS BOTANISKA AFDELNING, Stockholm, Sweden. 618 specimens of plants, chiefly from Cuba (exchange). ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, England. 22 specimens of plants from South America (exchange). RUTH, PROFESSOR ALBERT, Fort Worth, Texas. 24 specimens of plants; 17 packets of seeds (gift). SALO, O. J., Red Lodge, Montana. 1 sample of alder wood (gift). SCHIPP, WILLIAM A., British Honduras. 311 specimens of plants (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Chicago. 16 specimens of plants from New York and Wisconsin (gift). SHERFF, DR. EARL E., Chicago. 28 specimens of plants (gift). SIMMONS, MRS. E. C., Valdez, Alaska. 3 specimens of plants (gift). SLATER, MRS. H. D., El Paso, Texas. 2 specimens of plants from New Mexico (gift). SMITH, F. W., Sinaloa, Mexico. 2 packets of seeds (gift). STANDLEY, MRS. FLORENCE A., Fort Myers, Florida. 1 plant specimen; 3 packets of seeds (gift). STANDLEY, PAUL C., Chicago. 124 specimens of plants fromiIndiana and Illinois (gift). STOKES, W. E., Gainesville, Florida. 1 plant specimen (gift). 430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VoL. VIII UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, Wash- ington, D.C. 1 plant specimen (exchange). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF MYCOLOGY AND DIS- OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE LC eeitt SURVEY, Washington, 12 specimens of fungi from Central America (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D.C. 4,014 specimens of plants; 144 photo- graphs of plants (exchange). UNIVERSITETETS BOTANISKE MUSEUM, Copenhagen, Den- mark. 593 specimens of plants from Mexico and Central America (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, Berkeley, California. 1,112 specimens of plants (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BO- TANICAL GARDENS AND. ARBORETUM, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 116 specimens of plants from Hon- duras (exchange). DEPARTMENT ACKERMAN, CHARLESN., Chicago. 1 Pleistocene bird bone—Grass Lake, Illinois (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York. Cast of pine cone, Araucarites obscu- rum (exchange); section of silici- fied cone of Araucarites obscurum Wieland. Type—Como Bluff, Wyoming (exchange). APPEL, JACK, Chicago. 6 specimens fossil worms—Sag Canal, Illinois (gift). BAREMAN, K. S., Chicago. 1 specimen chert concretion—South- eastern Utah (gift). BLASCHKE, FREDERICK, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York. Cave breccia containing imbedded artifacts of Neanderthal Man— Le Moustier, France (gift). UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, DE- PARTMENT OF BOTANY, Madison, Wisconsin. 327 specimens of plants (exchange). UPHOF, DR. J. C. TH., Winter Park, Florida. 2 specimens of plants (gift). VAN CLEEF, PAUL, Chicago. 1 porcelain cup for gathering rubber latex (gift). VAN SEVEREN, DR. ANDRES, Livingston, Guatemala. 1 plant specimen (gift). WEED, A. C., Chicago. 1 plant specimen (gift). WITTE MEMORIAL MUSEUM, San Antonio, Texas. 1 plant specimen (gift). YALE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, New Haven, Con- necticut. 501 specimens of plants; 2 photo- graphs; 8 wood specimens (gift). ZETEK, JAMES, Ancon, Canal Zone. 6 specimens of plants (gift). OF GEOLOGY BRADY, L. F., Flagstaff, Arizona. 2 specimens Winona meteorite— Winona, Arizona (exchange). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 1 specimen cinnabar—near Phoenix, Arizona (gift); 4 specimens twin cerussite crystals—Sierra County, New Mexico (gift); 6 specimens crystallized gold—Placer County, California (gift); 9 specimens chrysocolla, turquois and other minerals—Arizona (gift); 29 spec- imens crystallized minerals—vari- ous localities (gift); beryl crystal weighing 950 pounds—Albany, Maine (gift). CHAMPION PORCELAIN COM- PANY, Detroit, Michigan. Crystallized andalusite in quartz— Mocalno, Mono County, Califor- nia (gift). ss JAN. 1931 CLARK, CHARLES B., Glen Ellyn, Illinois. 5 specimens Mexican onyx; 2 speci- mens calcareous tufa; 3 speci- mens glauconite—Vernon County, Wisconsin (gift). COFFMAN, FERN; FOSTER, VERA; LETL, FRANK H.; LETL, PAUL C.; and PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago. 37 specimens fossil plants—Braid- wood, Illinois (gift). CRANE, R. T., JR., Chicago. 1 cut tourmaline—Ceylon (gift). EGGERS, HERMAN C., Germany. 5 photographs showing geological features in the Atacama Desert— Chile (gift). ESPENSHADE, EDWARD, Chicago. 6 specimens fossil worms—Sag Canal, Illinois (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by the Braidwood, Illinois, Expedition: 126 specimens fossil plants—Braid- wood, Illinois. Collected by the Florissant, Colorado, Expedition: 396 specimens fossil plants—Floris- sant, Colorado. 141 specimens fossil insects and spiders—Florissant, Colorado. 24 specimens fossil mollusks and ostracods—Florissant, Colorado. 1 specimen bird feather—Florissant, Colorado. 8 specimens rocks and minerals— Florissant, Colorado. Collected by the George Bedford Ex- pedition, 1928: Skulls and paddle bones of Mosasaur —Russell Springs, Kansas. Slab of Miocene rhinoceroses—Agate Springs, Nebraska. 5 skulls of Diceratherium—Agate Springs, Nebraska. Collected by the Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expedition, 1928: 6 specimens sand—North Arabian Desert. 151 specimens flint and associated rocks—North Arabian Desert. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 431 Collected by the Marshall Field Pale- ontological Expedition to Argen- tina, 1924: 1 specimen natrolite—Argentina, South America. Collected by the Marshall Field Botan- ical Expedition to the Amazon, 1929-30: 4 specimens spheroidal (?) lava— west slope of the Andes, Peru. 5 specimens fossil pelecypods—Tara- poto, Province of San Martin, Peru. 8 specimens fossil cephalopods— Tarapoto, Province of San Martin, Peru. 2 specimens fossil gastropods—Tara- poto, Province of San Martin, eru. 1 specimen fossil starfish—Tarapoto, Province of San Martin, Peru. Collected by the Sag Canal, Illinois, Expedition: 22 specimens fossil worms—Sag Canal, Blue Island, Illinois. 3 specimens graptolites—Sag Canal, Blue Island, Illinois. Collected by the Terre Haute, Indiana, Expedition: 35 specimens fossil plants—Terre Haute, Indiana. Purchases: 1 specimen sodalite—Canada. 6 specimens rocks—Canada. 45 specimens fossil plants and fish— Canada. 1 specimen aberrant bivalve—Todos Santos Bay, Baja, California. 50 specimens wind-carved pebbles— Southwest Africa. 5 specimens wind-carved pebbles— New Zealand. 2 specimens banded sandstone— Australia. 1 specimen orbicular diabase— Canada. 1 specimen lodestone—Wasatch Mountains, Utah. Section of iron meteorite—Chihua- hua, Mexico. Section of iron meteorite—Durango, Mexico. 3 slabs of fossil phytosaur teeth— Tucumcari, New Mexico. 1 fossil mammoth tooth—Troy, Texas. 432 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII Cast of skull of paleolithic child— La Gerniere, France. Skull of Protitanotheriwum—Ouray, Utah. 1 fossil gastropod preserved in pyrite —wWright, Iowa. 58 specimens trilobites—Clear Lake, Utah. Skeleton of fossil ichthyosaur show- ing epidermis—Holzmaden, Ger- many (exchange and purchase). FIELD, STANLEY, Chicago. Stone meteorite weighing 745 pounds —Paragould, Arkansas (gift). FULLER, ROBERT, St. Paul, Minnesota. 1 specimen opalized wood—Pied- mont, South Dakota (gift). GEM SHOP, THE, Wolf Creek, Montana. 3 moss agates, cut and polished— Terry, Montana (gift). GENERAL INSULATING AND MANUFACTURING COM- PANY, Alexandria, Indiana. { 2 specimens rock wool; 1 specimen rock wool cement—Alexandria, Indiana (gift). GRIFFITH, SCOTT, Chicago. 6 specimens fossil worms—Sag Canal, Illinois (gift). HARDINGE, FRANKLIN, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil tree root—Pennsyl- vania (gift); 1 specimen fossil coral— Wales (gift). HUGHES, FRANK, Ingleside, Ilinois. 1 specimen compound siliceous con- cretion—Colorado (gift). JOHNSON, JOHN O., Marseilles, Tllinois. Limonite concretion in matrix—Mar- seilles, Illinois (gift). JOHNSTON, J. W., Chicago, and ROACH, H. S., Silver City, New Mexico. 24 specimens siliceous concretions— Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico (gift). KEISER, W. G., Quartzite, Arizona. Series of specimens showing petri- faction of wood—Quartsite, Ari- zona (gift). KENT, C. A., Evanston, Illinois. 5 specimens colored sands—Mc- Gregor, Iowa (gift). KNUDSON, S. O., Chicago. 1 specimen concretion—Mississippi (gift). LAMON, D. E., Three Lakes, Wis- consin. 1 crystal of muscovite enclosing quartz—northern Wisconsin (gift). LAUFER, DR. BERTHOLD, Chicago. 1 specimen edible clay—Arizona (gift). LEE, RALPH, Chicago. 1 siderite concretion—near Cincin- nati, Ohio (gift). LETL, PAUL C., Chicago. 11 specimens fossil worms; 6 speci- mens graptolites—Sag Canal, Blue Island, Illinois (gift). LOREY, ALICE, Chicago. 2 cabochon cut agates; 1 specimen copper—Keeweenaw County, Michigan (gift). MILLER, A. M., Asheville, Carolina. 1 specimen cyanite—Asheville, North Carolina (gift). MOSS, MYER H.., Chicago. Weathered boulder—near Baldwin, Michigan’ (gift). McKINLEY, WILLIAM C., Peoria, Illinois. 2 specimens calcareous tufa—Jack- son, Minnesota (gift). NICHOLSON, VICTOR, Chicago. 5 specimens asphalt—various locali- ties (gift); 4 specimens sand— various localities (gift). NININGER, H. H., Palmer Lake, Colorado. Etched section of Huizopa meteorite —Huizopa, Chihuahua, Mexico (exchange). NOVAK, THOMAS, Chicago. 1 specimen limonite concretion— Ellis Lake, Michigan (gift). PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago. 7 specimens fossil worms—Sag Canal, Blue Island, Illinois (gift); 1 spec- imen concretion containing sphal- erite—Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift); 1 specimen septaria— Mazon Creek, Illinois (gift). JAN. 1931 PITTS, WILLIAM B., Sunnyvale, California. 1 specimen petrified cactus—Adam- ana, Arizona (gift); 1 specimen stalactitic formation on petrified wood—Adamana, Arizona (gift); 10 specimens polished oolitic and orbicular jasper—Santa Clara County, California (gift); 2 speci- mens black calcareous oolite— Saratoga Springs, California (gift). PRICE, G. E., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil gum containing egg- shell—East Indies (gift). RADEFF, DR. I., Dixon, Illinois. 1 specimen orthoceras showing si- phuncle—Dixon, Illinois (gift). REID, JOHN T., Lovelock, Nevada. 2 specimens thinolite—Lovelock and Granite Point, Pershing County, Nevada (gift). RIGGS, E. S., Chicago. 34 negatives of views in Yellowstone Park (gift). SALO, O. J., Red Lodge, Montana. 2 specimens fossil plants; 3 speci- mens fossil! mollusks; 2 specimens fossil coprolites—Red Lodge, Mon- tana (gift). SCHURG, HERMAN L., Chicago. 4 specimens showing pressure struc- ture in sandstone—Arkansas (gift); 1 specimen chert concretion —Missouri (gift). SIMMS, STEPHEN C., Chicago. 2 photographs of Meteor Crater, Arizona (gift); 1 specimen con- cretion—Arizona (gift). SMITH, WALTER H., Galesburg, Illinois. 7 specimens fossil mollusks—Gales- burg, Illinois; 1 specimen fossil tracks—Grand Canyon, Arizona; 36 specimens fossil plants—Gales- burg, Illinois (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Indiana), Chicago. 13 specimens grease (gift). SULLIVAN MACHINERY COM- PANY, Denver, Colorado. 1 granite core 10 feet in length— Colorado (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 433 TELLING, JOHN, ESTATE OF, Chicago. 56 specimens native copper and asso- ciated minerals—Lake Superior, Michigan (gift). TRAIN, PERCY, Lower Rochester, Nevada. 2 specimens glass colored by sun- light—Arizona (gift). UNIVERSAL-ATLAS CEMENT COMPANY, Chicago. 6 specimens illustrating the manu- facture of portland cement—Buff- ington, Indiana (gift). VELASCO, M. L., Iquitos, Peru. 17 specimens fossil pelecypods; 18 specimens fossil cephalopods; 1 specimen fossil gastropod— Province of Loreto, Peru (gift). VON DRASEK, FRANK, Cicero, Illinois. 33 specimens minerals—Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift); 2 speci- mens concretions—Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift); 1 specimen sand —Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift); 9 specimens minerals—Murfrees- boro, Arkansas (gift); 1 specimen rock—Murfreesboro, Arkansas (gift); 22 cabochon cut amethysts, quartzes, agates and schorlomite —Murfreesboro, Arkansas, and Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift); group of quartz crystals—Nor- man, Arkansas (gift). WALLSCHLAEGER, THEODORE, Chicago. 11 specimens fossil worms, Sag Canal, Blue Island, Illinois (gift). WHALEN, THADDEUS, Spokane, Washington. 18 specimens fossil plants—Spokane, Washington (exchange). WILKING, K.Z.,Owensboro,Kentucky. 6 specimens petroleum—Kentucky (gift); 4 specimens oil sands— Kentucky (gift). WILLIAMS, PAULINE L., Chicago. 1 sand picture; 1 specimen banded sandstone— McGregor, Iowa (gift). WRIGHT, WILLIAM M., Burbank, California. 1 specimen fossil peleceypod—Cali- fornia (gift). 434 FreLp Muspum oF NATURAL HistoRY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York. 1 lizard—Solomon Islands (ex- change); 2 birdskins—South Pa- cific Ocean (exchange). AMRINE, MISS ROBERTA, Syca- more, Illinois. 1 rough-legged hawk—Sycamore, Illinois (gift). BAILEY, H. H., Miami, Florida. 22 birdskins—North America (ex- change). BARNES, R. MAGOON, Lacon, Illinois. 2 moths—Lacon, Illinois (exchange). BOGERT, CHARLES M., San Diego, California. 1 lizard—San Diego County, Cali- fornia (gift). BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), London, England. 5 mammal skins and skulls and 3. skeletons—Paraguay (gift). BULLOCK, DILLMAN 6&., Chile. 1 pigeon, 25 lizards, 9 frogs—Angol, Chile (gift). BUNKER, CHARLES, Lawrence, Kansas. 1 bog lemming skeleton—Douglas County, Kansas (gift). BUREAU OF SCIENCE, Manila, Philippine Islands. 3 crocodiles—Mindoro, Ie Islands (gift). BURGENI, KARMA H. DE, Paris, Angol, France. 19 shells—San Martinho, Portugal (gift). BURT, CHARLES E., Waxahachie, Texas. 1 lizard, 5 frogs—Nebraska (gift). CAMERON, DR. WILL J., Chicago. 3 lizards—Namib Desert, Africa (gift). CARLSON, R., Chicago. 1 spider—Chicago (gift). CHEN, DR. K. K., Indiana. 7 green toads—Europe (gift); 6 Chinese toads—China (gift). CLARK, MISS EMILY A., Chicago. 1 lizard—Nigeria (gift). CLEGG, W. G., Delamere, England. 3 red grouse—Yorkshire, England (gift). COALE, MRS. HENRY K., Chicago. 8 mammal skins and 7 skulls—La Puerta Valley, California (gift). CONANT, ROGER, Toledo, Ohio. 11 snakes—Toledo, Ohio (gift); 1 snake—Monroe County, Michigan (gift). CONOVER, H. B., Chicago. 1 red-legged partridge skeleton— Austria (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago. 1 yaguarundi Bin Bah Brazil (gift). DOYLE, J. E., Winkelman, Arizona. 2 beetles—Winkelman, Arizona, (gift). DUNKLEBERGER, OTIS, Misha- waka, Indiana. 1 silvery lamprey—St. Joseph River, Indiana (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago. 1 Indian python—India (gift); 11 reptiles—Irak (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Indianapolis, Collected by Philip M. Chancellor and Norton Stuart (Chancellor—-Stuart-— Field Museum Expedition to the South Pacific): 3 mammal skins and skulls, 23 birds, 2 boxes plant accessories, 1 box of casts, 1 lot of python eggs, 55 rep- tiles, 437 fishes, 5 squids, 21 crus- taceans—Singapore, Sumatra, Java, etc. Collected by Dr. Bourret, F. J. De- fosse, Jean Delacour, M.S. Hsuen, Willoughby Lowe, Dr. R. L. Crook, Herbert Stevens (William V. Kelley—Roosevelts Asiatic Expe- dition): JAN. 1931 7 mammal! skins and skulls, 2,176 birds, 162 reptiles—French Indo- China, Yunnan, Szechwan. Collected by W. D. Hambly (Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Ethno- logical Expedition to West Africa): 77 reptiles, Angola, Africa. Collected by Ashley Hine and John Moyer: 79 birds, 4 eggs, 1 nest—Momence, Illinois. Collected by G. C. Hixon: 2 mammals—TIllinois. Collected by John W. Moyer: 7 birds—lIllinois. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedition of American Museum of Natural History with Field Museum co- operating: 153 mammals, 143 skulls—China. Collected by Bruce Thorne (Thorne— Graves—Field Museum Arctic Ex- pedition): 2 polar bear skulls—Arctic Ocean. Collected by Walter A. Weber: 2 birds—lIllinois. Collected by Llewelyn Williams (Marshall Field Botanical Expedi- tion to the Amazon): 4 bat skulls, 27 reptiles, 7 inverte- brates—Loreto, Peru. Purchases: 100 small mammal skins and skulls— Abyssinia. 2 turtles—Arkansas. 3 fruit bats—Australia and Borneo. 88 birds—Bolivia. 27 mammals, 314 birds, 32 reptiles— Santa Catharina, Brazil. 23 birds—British Guiana. 3 toads—California. 7 rattlesnakes—Connecticut. 88 birds—Costa Rica. 1 hawk—Egypt. 2 reptiles—Florida and California. 2 coral snakes—Eureka, Florida. 86 birds—Indo-China. 151 reptiles—Korea. 1 snake—Louisiana. 6 mammal skins and skeletons— Madagascar. 30 long-horned sculpins—Massachu- setts. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 435 8 reptiles—Mississippiand Louisiana. 15 mammal skins, 5 separate skulls— New South Wales. 5,908 birds—North America, South America, Japan, etc. 73 birds—North America, Costa Rica. 1 Steller’s sea-lion—Oregon. 834 birds—Queensland, New South Wales, New Guinea, etc. 23 reptiles—various localities. 102 reptiles—West Australia. FINGULIN, JOE A., Chicago. 1 sea urchin—Beaufort, North Caro- lina (gift). FRANZEN, A. J., Chicago. 1 brown trout, 8 bird lice—Illinois and Wisconsin (gift). GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, Chicago. 2 eels—Florida (gift); 8 reptiles— Brazil (gift); 35 reptiles—various localities (gift); 7 bugs—Idaho (gift). GRAVE, B. H., Greencastle, Indiana. 5 salamanders—Greencastle, Indi- ana (gift). GREEN, MORRIS M., Ardmore, Pennsylvania. 1 lemming mouse—New Jersey (ex- change). HARRIS, N. W., PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION OF FIELD MU- SEUM, Chicago. 4 Lapland longspurs—lIllinois (gift). HAMBLY, W. D., Chicago. 23 butterflies—Sierra Leone (gift). HOGLE, H. C., Watervliet, Michigan. 1 star-nosed mole—Van Buren County, Michigan (gift). HULL, CLEMENT, Oak Park, Illinois. 11 snakes—River Forest Preserve, Illinois (gift). ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY, Chicago. 25 western box turtles—Chicago (gift). JENKINS, SIDNEY H., Chicago. 1 bird—Chicago (gift). 436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII JOHNSTON, MISS GRACE E., Chicago. 1 weaver bird—Australia (gift). KELLEY, JOHN M.., Chicago. 5 salamanders—Adams, New York (gift). KINSEY, DR. A. C., Bloomington, Indiana. 188 gall insects, 407 insect galls— Europe and North America (gift). LAYBOURNE, E. G., Chicago. 1 Blanding’s turtle—De Motte, Indiana (gift). LEWIS, FRED, Stadra, California. 1 black rhinoceros skin—Tanganyika (gift). LILJEBLAD, EMIL, Chicago. 79 beetles—Washington and Cali- fornia (gift). LINCOLN PARK AQUARIUM, Chicago. 1 frog—Africa (gift). LYON, DR. M. W., South Bend, Indiana. 3 rodents and 1 skull—Indiana (gift); 1 tiger salamander—South Bend, Indiana (gift). MARSHALL, BYRON C., Imboden, Arkansas. 15 reptiles—various localities (gift). MOONEY, JAMES J., Deerfield, Illi- nois. 1 mammal skin and skull—Honduras (exchange); 11 reptiles—lIllinois (gift). MORRISSON, REEVES, Chicago. 1 starfish—Florida (gift). MOSELEY, PROFESSOR E. L., Bowl- ing Green, Ohio. 1 least weasel—Ohio (gift). MOYER, JOHN W., Chicago. 1 Hungarian partridge—Barrington, Illinois (gift). MUELLER, ADOLPH, Chicago. 1 night hawk—Chicago (gift). MUSEO DE LA PLATA, La Plata, Argentina. 29 snakes—Argentina (exchange). MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 5 mammals, 3 birds—Africa and Asia (exchange); 6 bats—Solomon Islands (exchange); 202 mammals —various localities (exchange); 1 deep-sea fish (exchange). NEVILLE, RUSSELL T., Kewanee, Illinois. 1 salamander larva, 5 sculpins— Leasburg, Missouri (gift). OSINGER, F. D., Chicago. 1 bat—Chicago (gift). PALMER, HONORE, and WENT- WORTH, JOHN, Chicago. 3 mammal skins with skulls, 6 in- complete skins without skulls, 40 mammal scalps and skulls, 6 mam- mal scalps without skulls—Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Terri- tory (gift). PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago. 160 insects—Colorado (gift). PERKINS, R. MARLIN, St. Louis, Missouri. 2 snakes—Honduras (gift); 1 snake —Panama (gift). PLATH, KARL, Chicago. 1 Mexican black-headed oriole (gift). REYNOLDS, ALBERT E., Green- castle, Indiana. 2 salamanders—Indiana (gift). ROBERTS, C. E., Evanston, Illinois. 1 abnormal snapping turtle—Charles City, Iowa (gift). ROMER, DR. ALFRED &., Chicago. 43 reptiles—Cape Colony, South Africa (gift). RUECKERT, ARTHUR G., Chicago. 1 hawk owl—Chicago (gift); 25 ticks —Haywood, Wisconsin (gift). RUSSELL, HENRY B., Chicago. 1 spider—Chicago (gift). RYDELL, CHARLES, San Francisco, California. 2 gaur oxen, skins, skulls, and leg bones—Indo-China (gift). SALGUES, DR. R., Brignoles, Var, France. 2 gall insects, 21 insect galls— Brignoles, France (gift). JAN. 1981 SANBORN, COLIN C., Highwood, Illinois. 1 least weasel skull—Lake County, Illinois (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Homewood, Illinois. 3 mammal skins and skulls—Cali- fornia (exchange); 30 reptiles— Idaho (gift); 5 beetles—Miiller, Indiana (gift). SPENCER, DON A., Chicago. 1 beaver skull—Porter County, Indiana (gift). SHEDD, JOHN G., AQUARIUM, Chicago. 1 green turtle, 19 fishes—Key West, Florida (gift); 1 black drum fish— New Jersey (gift); 27 fishes—vari- ous localities (gift). SINGH, DILIPAT, Singahi, India. 1 Indian sloth bear skin, skull, and skeleton—Kheri District, India (gift). STRECKER, PROFESSOR J. K., Waco, Texas. 224 shells—southern United States (gift). TAYLOR, EDWARD H., Lawrence, Kansas. 19 reptiles and batrachians— Lawrence, Kansas (gift). TUTHILL, MRS. BEULAH LOGAN, Lakeside, Michigan. 1 fruit pigeon—Caroline Islands (gift). Oudh, UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES, Washington, D.C. 1 American sole—Beaufort, North Carolina (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 437 UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, Iowa City, Iowa. 1 Steller’s sea-lion—La Push, Washington (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, Norman, Oklahoma. 8 turtles—Oklahoma (gift). VAN CLEAVE, DR. H. J., Urbana, Illinois. 1 turtle—Tennessee (gift). WEBER, MISS CAROLYNE, Chicago. 1 Indigo bunting—Chicago (gift). WEBER, WALTER A., Evanston, Illinois. 1 meadow lark—Evanston (gift); 10 bird-lice—Morton Grove, Illinois (gift). WEIL, MAURICE, Chicago. 1 glass snake—Sand Dunes, Indiana (gift). WELD, DR. LEWIS H., East Falls Church, Virginia. 15 gall insects, 16 insect galls— Arizona (gift). WESTCOTT, CHARLES, Springfield, Massachusetts. 1 bat, 3 newts— Massachusetts (gift). WILLIAMSON, E. B., Bluffton, Indiana. 3 damselflies—Colombia (gift). WOEHFEFS, HAROLD B., Chicago. 1 Cooper’s hawk—Chicago (gift). WONDER, FRANK C., Chicago. 22 ticks—Tanganyika Territory (gift). ZIMMER, JOHN T., New York. 2 Gray’s bats—British New Guinea (gift). RAYMOND FOUNDATION FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. From Division of Photography: 576 slides for extension lectures; 22 negatives for extension lectures; 125 prints for files. UNITED FRUIT COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts. 16 slides for the lecture “‘A Trip to Banana Land,” and 26 copies of the revised version of the lecture (gift). COMPTON AND COMPANY, Chicago. 1 set (10 volumes) of Compton’s Pictured Encyclopedia (gift). PARAMOUNT NEWS FILMS, Chicago. 1 motion picture reel ‘‘Washing the Elephants” (gift). 438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII SPOOR AND ABHE FILM COR- PORATION, Chicago. 2 motion picture reels, ‘““Enamel- ware’; 3 reels, ““Trees to Tribunes”’ (gift). CAPTAIN HAROLD A. WHITE, New York. 1 motion picture reel, “Lions on the Rocks” (gift). UNITED STATES STEEL COR- PORATION, New York. Partial motion picture “Cement”’ (gift). reel on DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY BEYER, PROFESSOR O. H., Manila, Philippine Islands. 95 photographs of pottery from burial caves of the Philippines (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Made by Division of Photography: 26,225 prints, 3,015 negatives, 2,111 lantern slides, 272 enlarge- ments, and 83 transparent labels. Developed for expeditions: 529 nega- tives. Made by C. Suydam Cutting: 4,000 feet of motion picture film taken in western China. Made by B. E. Dahlgren: 56 negatives of landscapes and general views in northern Brazil. Made by W. D. Hambly: 230 nega- tives of natives, landscapes and general views in West Africa. Made by Paul S. Martin: 59 negatives of landscapes and general views in the southwestern part of Colorado. Made by Elmer S. Riggs: 8 negatives of skeleton in process’ of mount- ing; 58 negatives of general views in the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone Park, and Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. LIBRARY LIST OF DONORS AND EXCHANGES (Accessions are by exchange, unless otherwise designated) FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AFRICA: Durban Museum, Durban. East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society, Pretoria. Geological Society, Johannesburg. Institut d’Egypte, Cairo. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. eg be Society of South Africa, Cape ) wn. Salammbo-Station Océanographique, Tunis. ; Scientific Association of Rhodesia, Bulawayo. Société d’Histoire Naturelle de ]’Af- rique du Nord, Algiers. Société de Géographie d’Alger, Algiers. Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat. South African Association for the Advancement of Science, Cape Town. South African Museum, Cape Town. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Uneaer of Stellenbosch, Stellen- osch. ARGENTINA: Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires. Museo de La Plata, La Plata. Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Ornitolégica del Plata, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Physis, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de Tucum4n, Tucuman. AUSTRALIA: Australian Museum, Sydney. Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney. Commonwealth of Australia, Mel- bourne. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne. Department of Agriculture, Adelaide. Department of Agriculture, Brisbane. Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. JAN. 1931 Department of Agriculture of Western Australia, Perth. Department of Fisheries, Sydney. Department of Mines, Brisbane. Department of Mines, Sydney. Field Naturalists’ Club, Melbourne. Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift). Geological Survey of Western Aus- tralia, Perth. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Melbourne University, Melbourne. Ornithological Society of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Royal Geographical Society of Aus- tralasia, Brisbane. Royal Society of Queensland, Bris- ane. Royal Society of South Australia, delaide. Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart. Royal Society of Victoria, Mel- bourne. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Technological Museum, Sydney. AUSTRIA: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. Anthropos Administration, Vienna. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Graz. Universitat, Vienna. Zoologisches Institut, Graz. BELGIUM: prec Royale de Belgique, Brus- sels. Académie Royale des Sciences, Brussels. Bulletin Agricole du Congo, Brussels. Institut Botanique Léo Errera, Brussels. Jardin Botanique de |’Etat, Brussels. Musée du Congo Belge, Tervueren. Musée Royal d’Histoire de Belgique, Brussels. Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire, Brussels. Nederlandsch Phytopathologische (Plantenziekten) Vereenigen, Ghent. Société Belge de Géologie, Brussels. Société de Botanique, Brussels. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 439 Société Ornithologique de la Bel- gique, Brussels. Université de Louvain. BRAZIL: Academia Brasileira des Sciencias, Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Instituto Archeologico Geographico, Pernambuco. Instituto de Butantun, Sao Paulo. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Jardin Botanico, Rio de Janeiro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro. Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio e Obras Publicas, Sao Paulo. Servico Geologico e Mineralogico, Rio de Janeiro. BRITISH GUIANA: Board of Agriculture, Georgetown. BRITISH WEST INDIES: Department of Agriculture, Bridge- town, Barbados. Department of Agriculture, Jamaica, Kingston. Trinidad and Tobago Department of Agriculture, Port of Spain, Trinidad. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. CANADA: Art, Historical and Scientific Asso- ciation, Vancouver, British Columbia. Canadian Mining Journal, Garden- vale, Quebec. Department of Agriculture of Nova Scotia, Halifax. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Agriculture, Victoria, British Columbia. Department of Mines, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Mines, Toronto, Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario. Geological Survey, Ottawa, Ontario. National Museum, Ottawa, Ontario. Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec, Quebec. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia. Provincial Museum, Toronto, Ontario. 440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REPORTS, Vou. VIII Provincial Museum, Victoria, Brit- ish Columbia. Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto, Ontario. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Société de Quebec, Quebec. Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Géographie, CEYLON: Colombo Museum, Colombo. Department of Agriculture, Colombo. CHILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. Museo Nacional, Santiago. Revista Chilena de Historia y Geo- grafia, Santiago. CHINA: Botanical and Forestry Department, Hong Kong. China National Research Institute, Shanghai. Geological Society, Peiping. Geological Survey, Peiping. Hong Kong Naturalist, Hong Kong. Kwangtung and Kwangsi Geological Survey, Canton. Metropolitan Library, Peiping. Royal Asiatic Society of North China, Shanghai. Science Society of China, Shanghai. University of Nanking, Nanking. Yenching University, Peiping. COLOMBIA: Ministerio de Industrias, Bogota. Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota. CUBA: Academia Nacional de Artes y Letras, Havana. Asociacién de Dependientes del Comercio de la Habana, Havana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Académie Tchéque des Sciences, Prague. Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich- Medizinischer Verein fiir Béhmen “‘Lotos,’”’ Prague. Narodniho Musea, Prague. Societas Entomologicae Cechoslo- viniae, Prague. DENMARK: Botaniske Have, Copenhagen. Dansk Botanisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Danske Geografiske Selskab, Copen- hagen. Dansk Geologisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenhagen. Dansk Ornithologisk Forening, Copenhagen. Kommisonen for Ledelsen af de Geologiske og Geografiske Un- dersggelser i Grgnland, Copen- hagen. Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen. Université, Copenhagen. EAST INDIES: Sarawak Museum, Sarawak, Borneo. ECUADOR: Academia Nacional de Quito. FEDERATED MALAY STATES: Federated Malay States Museums, Kuala Lumpur. Malayan Agricultural Society, Kuala Lumpur. Historia, Raffles Museum and Library, Singa- pore. Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, Singapore. FIJI ISLANDS: Department of Agriculture, Suva. FINLAND: Finska Minnesforening, Helsingfors. Suomen Museo, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Académie des Sciences, Paris. Ecole d’Anthropologie, Paris. Institut de Zoologie de l’Université, Montpellier. Musée Guimet, Paris. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Mar- seilles. Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Rouen. Muséum National d’Histoire Natu- relle, Paris. Nature, Paris. Société d’Histoire Naturelle d’Ardennes, Ardennes. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Toulouse. Société de Géographie, Paris. Société des Américanistes, Paris. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 44] Société des Etudes des Sciences Naturelles, Rheims. Société des Etudes Scientifiques, Angers. Société des Sciences Naturelles, La Rochelle. Société Linéenne, Bordeaux. Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, Paris. Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France, Paris. Société Scientifique du Bourbonnais et du Centre de France, Moulins. Université-Faculté des Sciences, Marseilles. GERMANY: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hei- delberg. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leip- zig. Bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Munich. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Munich. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Bran- denburg, Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Gesell- schaft, Berlin. Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthro- pologie, Ethnologie und Urge- schichte, Berlin. Deutsche Morgenlindische Gesell- schaft, Leipzig. Deutscher Seefischerei Verein, Berlin. Geographische Gesellschaft, Ham- urg. Geographische Gesellschaft, Han- over. Geographische Gesellschaft, Munich. Georg-August-Universitat, Gottingen. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft zur Beférderung Gesamten Naturwissenschaften, Marburg. Hamburgische Universitat, Hamburg. Hessische Ludwigs-Universitit, Giessen. Mineralogisch-Geologisches Museum, Dresden. Museum fiir Natur- und Heimat- kunde, Magdeburg. Museum fiir Tierkunde und Vdélker- kunde, Dresden. Museum fiir Vélkerkunde, Berlin. Museum fiir Vélkerkunde, Hamburg. Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde, Wiesbaden. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frei- burg. Netarorelends Gesellschaft, Gor- itz. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Nur- emberg. Naturhistorischer Verein, Colmar. Naturhistorischer Verein der Preus- sischen Rheinlande und West- falens, Bonn. Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, “Tsis,’”’ Dresden. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Augsburg. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bremen. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel. Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bay- ern, Munich. Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Vater- land, Breslau. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfort on the Main. Société Géologique du Nord, Darm- stadt. Stadtisches Vélker Museum, Frank- fort on the Main. Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar. Universitaits Bibliothek, Heidelberg. Universitats Bibliothek, Munich. Universitaéts Bibliothek, Tubingen. Verein fiir Vaterlandische Natur- kunde, Wiirttemberg. Verein fiir Volkskunde, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg. GREAT BRITAIN: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Ashmolean Natural History Society, Oxford. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society, Birming- ham. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society, Brighton. Bristol Museum, Bristol. British Library of Political Science, London. British Museum, London. British Museum (Natural History), London. Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge. Cambridge University, Cambridge. Croydon Natural History and Scien- tific Society, Croydon. Dove Marine Laboratory, Culler- coats. Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History Society, Dumfries. Fisheries Board, Edinburgh. Geological Survey of England and Wales, London. Geological Survey of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Geologists’ Association, London. Hull Museum, Hull. Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. Japan Society of London, London. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Liverpool. Leicester Museum, Art Gallery and Library, Leicester. Linnean Society, London. eaxerponk Biological Society, Liver- pool. Manchester Literary and Philosoph- ical Society, Manchester. Manchester Museum, Manchester. Marine Biological Association, Ply- mouth. Museum and Art Gallery, Sheffield. National Indian Association, London. National Library, Cardiff. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Natural History Society of Nor- thumberland, Durham and New- castle-on-Tyne, Newcastle-upon- yne. Naturalists’ Field Club, Belfast. Naturalists’ Society, Cardiff. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Lon- don. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Royal Colonial Institute, London. Royal Geographical Society, London. Royal Horticultural Society, London. Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. Royal Society, London. Royal Society of Arts, London. Royal Society of Edinburgh, Edin- burgh. School of Oriental Studies, London. South London Entomological and Natural History Society, London. Southeastern Agricultural College, ye. Tring Zoological Museum, Tring. Nicierie and Albert Museum, Lon- on. 442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Wellcome Research Laboratories, London. Zoological Society, London. GUATEMALA: Sociedad de Geogr&fia é Historia, Guatemala City. HUNGARY: Musée National e Hongrois, Buda- pest. INDIA: Anthropological Society, Bombay. Archaeological Survey, Calcutta. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna. Department of Agriculture, Bombay. Department of Agriculture, Madras. Geological, Mining and Metallurgi- cal Society of India, Calcutta. Geological Survey, Calcutta. Government of India, Calcutta. Government Museum, Madras. Indian Botanical Society, Calcutta. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Mining and Geological Institute of India, Calcutta. Prince of Wales Museum of West India, Bombay. Royal Asiatic Society, Ceylon Branch, Colombo. Ryojun College of Engineering, Ryo- jun. University of Calcutta, Calcutta. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. IRELAND: National Museum, Dublin. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Royal Society, Dublin. University of Dublin, Dublin. ITALY: Istituto di Botanico, Pavia. Istituto Superiore Agrario, Portici. R. Accademia d’Italia, Rome. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Turin. R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, Rome. R. Societa Geografica Italiana, Rome. R. Ufficio Geologico d’Italia, Rome. Societa dei Naturalisti, Naples. Societa Reale dei Napoli, Naples. JAPAN: Anthropological Society of Tokyo, Tokyo. Department of Agriculture of For- mosa. Imperial Academy of Tokyo, Tokyo. JAN. 1931 Imperial Geological Survey, Tokyo. Imperial Household Museums, Tokyo. Imperial University, Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agri- culture, Kyoto. Imperiai University, College of Sciences, Kyoto. Miyazaki College of Agriculture and Forestry, Miyazaki. National Research Council, Tokyo. Ornithological Society, Tokyo. Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. Tokyo Botanical Society, Tokyo. Tokyo-Koko-Gakkwai, Tokyo. Tottori Agricultural College, Tottori. JAVA: Anthropological Laboratory of Java, Bandoeng. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kun- sten en Wetenschappen, Batavia. Department of Agriculture, Buiten- zorg. ce eng Bureau, Weltevre- en. Instituut, Weltevreden. Jardin Botanique, Weltevreden. K. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Weltevreden. MEXICO: Direccion General de Estadistica, Mexico City. Instituto de Biologia, Mexico City. Instituto de Biologico, Mexico City. Instituto Geologico de Mexico, Mex- ico City. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Etnologia, Mexico City. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, Mexico City. Secretaria de Educacion Publica, Mexico City. Secretaria de Educacion Publica. Direccién de Arqueologia, Mexico City. Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘Antonio Alzate,’”’ Mexico City. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadista, Mexico City. Sociedad Forestal de Mexico, Mexico ity. Sociedad Mexicana Geografica y Estadistica, Mexico City. NETHERLANDS: Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wet- enschappen, Haarlem. Kolonial Institute, Amsterdam. K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 443 K. Instituut voor de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, The Hague. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Ge- nootschap, Amsterdam. Landbouwhoogerschool, Wagen- ingen. Leiden Museum, Leiden. Museum voor Land-en Volkenkunde en Maritiem Museum “Prinz Hen- drik,”’ Rotterdam. Nederlandsche Dierkunde Vereenig- ing, Helder. Nederlandsch Vogelkundigen Club, Leiden. Rijks Ethnographisch Museum, Lei- en. Rijks Geologisch-Mineralogisches Museum, Leiden. Rijks Herbarium, Leiden. Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke His- torie, Leiden. Rijks Universiteit, Groningen. Rijks Universiteit, Leiden. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington. Canterbury College, Christchurch. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Cawthorn Institute, Nelson. Department of Agriculture, Welling- ton. Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Wellington. Department of Scientific and Indus- trial Research, Wellington. Dominion Museum, Wellington. New Zealand Institute, Wellington. NORWAY: Bergen Museum, Bergen. Norges Geologiske Unders¢gkelse, Oslo. Norges Svalbad og Ishav Under- sékelse, Oslo. Norsk Geologisk Forening, Oslo. Norske Videnskapsakademi, Oslo. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenska- berne, Oslo. Zoologiske Museum, Oslo. PANAMA: Gorgas Memorial Institute for Trop- ical Medicine, Panama City. PERU: Universidad, Cuzco. POLAND: Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Arts, Cracow. 444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Musei Polonici Historiae Naturali, Warsaw. : Musei Zoologici Polonici, Warsaw. Polska Akademja Umiejetnosci, Cra- cow. Société Botanique de Pologne, War- saw. PORTO RICO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Porto Rico, Rio Piedras. PORTUGAL: Sociedade Portuguesa de Sciencias Naturais, Lisbon. Universidade de Coimbra, Museu Zoologico, Coimbra. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon. ROUMANIA: Université de Jassy, Jassy. SPAIN: Institucié Catalana d’Historia Na- tural, Barcelona. Junta para Amplicacién de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid. gree de Ciencias Naturales, Ma- rid. R. Accademia de Ciencias, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Antropologia, Etnografia y Prehistoria, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Historia Na- tural, Madrid. SWEDEN: Generalslaben Litografiska Anstalt, Stockholm. Geologiska Institutet, Stockholm. Géoteborgs Botanika Tradgrad, Géte- org. Goéteborgs Museum, Gdteborg. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. K. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Sam- halle, Géteborg. K. Vitterhets, Historie och Antik- vitets Akademien, Stockholm. Lunds Universitet, Lund. Osasiatiska Samlingarna, Stockholm. SWITZERLAND: Botanisches Museum, Ziirich. Geographisch-Ethnographische Ge- sellschaft, Ziirich. Musei Zoologie e Anatomie, Geneva. Museo’ Civico di Storia Naturale, Geneva. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Bern. paper laaaecT Gesellschaft, Zii- rich. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Schweizerische Entomologische Ge- sellschaft, Bern. Schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir Volkskunde, Basel. Société Botanique, Geneva. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. Société Helvétique des Sciences Na- turelles, Aarau. Société Neuchateloise de Géographie, Neuchatel. Société Zoologique, Geneva. Stadtbibliothek, Bern. Universitat, Bern. UNION OF SOCIALISTIC SOVIET REPUBLICS: Abhasian Scientific Society, Suchum. Académie des Sciences, Leningrad. Musée Géologique de Minéralogie Pierre le Grand, Leningrad. Revue Zoologique Russe, Leningrad. Russian Zoological Journal, Moscow. Société des Naturalistes, Leningrad. Société des Naturalistes, Voronej. Société Ouralienne d’Amis des Sciences Naturelles, Ekaterinberg. Université de l’Asie Centrale, Tash- kent. Université Tartu, Tartu. Wissenschaftliche Muresinstitut, Moscow. Zoological Museum, Moscow. URUGUAY: Instituto de Geologia y Perforaciones, Montevideo. Museo de Historia Natural, Monte- video. VENEZUELA: Cultura Venezolana, Caracas. DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS ALABAMA: Geological Survey, University. ARIZONA: Arizona Museum, Phoenix. Arizona State Museum, «University Station, Tucson. ARKANSAS: Arkansas Geological Survey, Little Rock (gift). CALIFORNIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley. JAN. 1931 Balboa Park Museum, San Diego. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Cooper Ornithological Club, Holly- wood. County Free Library, Los Angeles git). Department of Agriculture, Sacra- mento. Fish and Game Commission, Sacra- mento. Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles. Natural History Museum, San Diego. Pomona College, Claremont. Santa Barbara Museum, Santa Bar- bara. Scripps Institution of Biological Re- search, La Jolla. Society of Natural History, San Diego. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Stanford University, Palo Alto. State Mining Bureau, Sacramento. Tuna Club, Avalon (gift). University of California, Berkeley. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Zoological Society, San Diego. COLORADO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins. Bureau of Mines, Denver. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Colorado Scientific Society, Denver. Denver Art Museum, Denver (gift). Museum of Natural History, Denver. State Historical and Natural History Society, Denver. CONNECTICUT: Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. Hartford Public Library, Hartford. Osborn Botanical Laboratory, New Haven. State Geological and Natural His- tory Survey, Hartford. Yale University, New Haven. FLORIDA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville (gift). Bailey Museum and Library of Na- tural History, Miami (gift). State Geological Survey, Tallahassee. apna of Florida, Gainesville ift). ; ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 445 HAWAII: Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu (gift). aa ead Historical Society, Hono- ulu. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Honolulu. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. ILLINOIS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana. Art Institute of Chicago. Avicultural Society of America, Chi- cago. Board of Education, Chicago. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chi- cago. Chicago Historical Society, Chieago (gift). Chicago Public Library, Chicago. Division of Natural History Survey, Urbana. Forestry Service, Urbana. Geographic Society, Chicago. Hardwood Record, Chicago. Humanitas Publishing Company, Chicago (gift). Inland Printer, Chicago (gift). Izaak Walton League of Ameriea, Chicago (gift). John Crerar Library, Chicago. Morton Arboretum, Lisle. Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago. Newberry Library, Chicago. Oologist, Lacon (gift). Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago. Sen a of Agriculture, Spring- e State Geological Survey, Springfield. State Historical Library, Springfield. State Water Survey, Urbana. University of Chicago. University of Illinois, Urbana. INDIANA: Academy of Sciences, Indianapolis. Agricultural Experiment Station, Indianapolis. Butler University, Indianapolis. Indiana Department of Conserva- tion, Indianapolis. Indiana University, Bloomington. John Herron Art Institute, Indian- apolis. 446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII Purdue University, Lafayette. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame. IOWA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames. Historical, Memorial and Art De- partment, Des Moines. Iowa Academy of Science, Des Moines. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines. Iowa Horticultural Society, Des Moines. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, Ames. University of Iowa, Iowa City. KANSAS: Academy of Science, Topeka. Agricultural Experiment Station, Lawrence (gift). State Board of Agriculture, Law- rence. ; State Historical Society, Topeka. University of Kansas, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Kentucky Academy of Science, Lex- ington. Kentucky Geological Survey, Frank- rt fort. Kentucky University, Lexington. LOUISIANA: Department of Conservation, Baton Rouge. Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans (gift). Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans (gift). MAINE: Bowdoin College, Brunswick. Mount Desert Region, Biological Survey, Bar Harbor (gift). Portland Society of Natural His- tory, Portland. MARYLAND: Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more. Maryland Institute, Baltimore. Maryland State Board of Forestry, Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester. Boston Public Library, Boston. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston. Clark University, Worcester. Essex Institute, Salem. Harvard College, Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge. Harvard University, Arnold Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain. Harvard University, Department Mines and Petrography, Cam- bridge. Harvard University, Gray Herba- rium, Cambridge. Horticultural Society, Boston. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New Bedford Public Library, New Bedford. Peabody Institute, Salem. Peabody Museum, Cambridge. Smith College, Northampton. Springfield City Library Association, Springfield. Williams College, Williamstown. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester. MICHIGAN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit. Grand Rapids Public Library, Grand Rapids. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, Ann Arbor. Michigan College of Mines, Hough- ton. Public Library, Menominee (gift). State Board of Agriculture, Lansing. Edward K. Warren Foundation, Three Oaks. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minn- eapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. University of Minnesota, Minne- apolis. MISSISSIPPI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Mississippi Plant Board, Agricul- tural College. JAN. 1931 MISSOURI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia. City Art Museum, St. Louis. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. Missouri Historical Society, Colum- ia. St. Louis Public Library, St. Louis. Silica Products Company, Kansas City (gift). University of Missouri, School of Mines, Rolla. Washington University, St. Louis. MONTANA: State University, Bozeman. NEBRASKA: State University, Lincoln. NEVADA: Nevada University, Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Carson City. NEW JERSEY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton. Department of Agriculture, Trenton (gift). Newark Museums Association, New- ark. Princeton University, Princeton. NEW MEXICO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Santa Fe. Historical Society, Santa Fe. New Mexico Museum, Santa Fe. NEW YORK: Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. American Academy of Rome, New York. American Geographical Society, New York. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York. American Polish Chamber of Com- merce, New York (gift). Bingham Oceanographic Collection, New York (gift). ns bre eee Institute, Yonkers (gift). Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo. Columbia University, New York. Cornell University, Ithaca. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 447 Garden Club of America, New York gift). Italy-American Society, New York (gift). Japan Society, New York (gift). Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Motion Picture Producers and Dis- tributors of America, New York (gift). Municipal Museum, Rochester. Museum of the American Indian, New York. National Sculpture Society, New York (gift). New York Academy of Sciences, New York. New York Botanical Garden, New York. New York Historical Society, New York. New York State Library, Albany. Oil and Fat Industries, New York (gift). Pratt Institute, New York. Public Library, New York. Rochester Academy of Science, Rochester. Soap, New York (gift). Spanish Tourist Information Office, New York (gift). Spice Mill, New York (gift). State College of Forestry, Syracuse. State Museum, Albany. Staten Island Institution of Arts and Sciences, New York. Stone Publishing Company, New York (gift). Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company, New York (gift). Union College, Schenectady. poe ihe Company, New York gut). University of the State of New York, Albany. Vanderbilt Marine Museum, New York (gift). Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Yonkers Museum of Science and Art, Yonkers (gift). Zoological Society, New York. NORTH CAROLINA: Duke University, Durham. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill. NORTH DAKOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University (gift). State Historical Society, Bismarck. University of North Dakota, Uni- versity. 448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII OHIO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster. Cincinnati Museums Association, Cincinnati. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleve- land. Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory, Cleveland. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland. Denison University, Granville. Geological Survey, Columbus. Junior Society of Natural Sciences, Cincinnati (gift). Oberlin College, Oberlin. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus. Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. Ohio State Museum, Columbus. Ohio State University, Columbus. Wilson Ornithological Club, Oberlin. OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma Academy of Sciences, Nor- man. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Nor- man. University of Oklahoma, Norman. OREGON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis. University of Oregon, Eugene. PENNSYLVANIA: Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. Agricultural Experiment Station, Harrisburg. American Philosophical Society, Phil- adelphia. Antivenin Institute of America, Philadelphia. Armstrong Cork Company, Lan- caster (gift). Board of Fish Commissioners, Harris- burg (gift). ; Bureau of Topographical and Geo- logical Survey, Harrisburg. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Commercial Museum, Philadelphia. Department of Agriculture, Harris- burg. Department of Forests and Waters, Harrisburg. Dropsie College, Philadelphia. Engineers’ Society of Western Penn- sylvania, Pittsburgh. Erie Public Museum, Erie. Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia. Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh. University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. University of Pennsylvania, Mu- seum, Philadelphia. Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Bureau of Education, Manila. Bureau of Forestry, Manila. Bureau of Science, Manila. Department of Agriculture and Na- tural Resources, Manila. RHODE ISLAND: Roger Williams Park Museum, Prov- idence. SOUTH DAKOTA: State School of Mines, Rapid City. TENNESSEE: Agricultural Experiment Station, Nashville. TEXAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Baylor University, Waco. Conservation of Wild Life, Austin (gift). San Antonio Museums Association, San Antonio. Scientific Society, San Antonio. University of Texas, Austin. UTAH: Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan. VERMONT: Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington. VIRGINIA: State Forester, Richmond. State Library, Richmond. University of Virginia, Charlottes- ville. WASHINGTON (State of): Agricultural Experiment Station, Seattle. Mountaineer Club, Seattle. Pacific Northwest Bird and Mammal Society, Seattle. Washington University, Seattle. Washington University, Historical Society, Seattle. JAN. 1931 WASHINGTON, D.C.: American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. American Association of Museums. American Mining Congress. Archaeological Institute of America. Carnegie Institution of Washington (gift). Library of Congress. National Academy of Science. National Parks Bulletin. National Research Council. Pan-American Union. Science Service. Smithsonian Institution. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 449 WISCONSIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison. Beloit College, Beloit. Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Madison. Logan Museum, Beloit. Public Museum of Milwaukee, Mil- waukee. State Horticultural Society, Madi- son. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Washington Park Zoological Society, Tropical Plant Research Foundation. Milwaukee. United States Government. Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Sciences United States National Museum. and Letters, Madison. .. 4, -;- WEST VIRGINIA: Wisconsin f Archaeological - Society Bee ie aca of Agriculture, Madison. arleston. : West Virginia University, Morgan- WYOMING: town. State Geologist, Cheyenne. INDIVIDUALS (Accessions are by gift unless otherwise designated) Abe, Fusajiro, Sumiyoshi, near Kobe, Japan. Adams, J., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Ames, Oakes, Cambridge, Massachu- setts. Babcock, Louis L., Buffalo, New York. Baerg, W. J., Columbus, Ohio. Bailey, Liberty Hyde, Ithaca, New York (exchange). M. Baranoff, Belgrade, Jugoslavia. Bassler, R. S., Washington, D.C. Beaux, Oscar de, Geneva, Switzerland (exchange). Benke, H. C., Chicago. Benton, Mabel M., Chicago. Berlioz, J., Paris, France (exchange). Berry, S. Stillman, Redlands, California. st H. O., Manila, Philippine Is- la Borodin, Nichols, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Buchanan, Francis, Patna, India. Chauvet, Stéphen, Paris, France. Citroén, André, Detroit, Michigan. Clark, Herbert C., Panama City, Pan- ama. Cockerell, T. D. A., Boulder, Colorado. Collins, Charles, Evanston, Illinois. Compton, F. E.,and Company, Chicago. Cook, Harold cm Agate, Colorado. Cornell, Margaret M., Chicago. Coze, Paul, Paris, France. Dahlgren, B. E., Chicago. Ditzel, Henry F., Chicago. Domin, Karel, Prague. Duncan, George, Washington, D.C. Dunod, H., Paris, France. Evans, Alexander W., New Haven, Connecticut. Fabiani, Ramiro, Palermo, Sicily. Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit, Michigan. Fernald, Mey das ‘Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Field, Henry, Chicago. Field, Stanley, Chicago. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, Germany. Frédl, Friedrich, Briinn, Austria. Gates, F. C., Manhattan, Kansas. Gee, N. Gist, Peiping, China. Gerhard, William J., Chicago. Gladwin, Harold §S., Pasadena, Cali- fornia. Green, Morris M., Ardmore, Pennsyl- vania Gregg, Clifford C., Park Ridge, Illinois. Gregory, William K., New York. Gunder, J. D., Pasadena, California. Gusinde, Martin, Mdédling, Vienna, ay Austria. Haardt, Georges-Marie, Paris, France. Hatt, Robert T., New York (exchange). Heim, Albert, Ziirich, Switzerland (exchange). 450 FimLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Hendry, G. W., Berkeley, California. Herrera, F. L., Cuzco, Peru. Imbelloni, José, Parana, Argentina. Jones, Marcus E., Claremont, Cali- fornia (exchange). Judd, Neil M., Washington, D.C. (ex- change). Karutz, Richard, Stuttgart, Germany. Kroeber, A. L., Berkeley, California (exchange). Lahille, F., Buenos Aires, Argentina. Laufer, Dr. Berthold, Chicago. Lewis, Dr. Albert B., Chicago. Loth, E., Warsaw, Poland. Love, Charles A., Aurora, Illinois. MacCurdy, George, New Haven, Con- necticut (exchange). McNair, James B., Chicago. Mauro, Francesco, Milan, Italy. Mertens, Robert, Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Meylan, O., Mies, Bohemia. Mogensen, "Johan, Copenhagen, Den- mark. Moodie, Roy L., Santa Monica, Cali- fornia. Morse, Albert P., Salem, Massachusetts. Motohashi, Heiichoro, "Tottori, Japan. Mottaz, Charles, Geneva, Switzerland. Mullerried, Federico, Mexico. Nelson, E. W., and Goldman, E. A., Washington, D.C. Nordenskiéld, Erland, G6teborg. North, Robert C., New York. Olbrechts, F., Brussels, Belgium. Osborn, Dr. Henry Fairfield, New York. Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H., Chicago. Pammel, Louis H., Ames, Iowa (ex- change). Parodi, Lorenzo R., Buenos Aires, Ar- gentina. Peters, James L., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts (exchange). Pettazzoni, R., Rome, Italy. Pfeiffer, C. A., New York. Pittier, Henry, Caracas, Venezuela (ex- change). Porter, Carlos E., Santiago, Chile (ex- change). Potter, Frank C., Chicago. Psota, Frank J., Chicago. Ravn, O. E., Copenhagen, Denmark. Reed, W. M., New York. Riggs, Elmer S., Chicago. Rivet, Paul, Paris, France (exchange). Rosch, Siegfried, Leipzig, Germany. St. John, Harold, Seattle, Washington. Sanborn, Colin C., Chicago. Sanchez y Roig, Mario, Havana, Cuba. Sarkar, Benoy Kumar, Munich, Ger- many. Schinz, Hans, Ziirich, Switzerland (ex- change). Schlaginhaufen, Otto, Ziirich, Switzer- land (exchange). Schmidt, Karl P., Chicago. Sherff, Earl E., Chicago. Simms, Stephen C., Chicago. Spencer, L. J., London, England. Standley, Paul C., Chicago. Sternberg, C. M., McKittrick, Cali- fornia. Stevens, H., London, England. Stiles, C. Wardell, Washington, D.C. Strand, Embrik, Riga, U.S.S.R. Strausbaugh, P. D., Morgantown, West Virginia. Streeter, Lafayette P., Avalon, Cali- fornia. Tanaka, Shigeho, Tokyo, Japan (ex- change). teat Carlos C., Chapultepec, Mex- Thana J. Eric, Chicago. Vignati, Milciades A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ward, F. Kingdon, Clifton Hill, Aus- tralia. Weber, Walter A., Chicago, Illinois (exchange). bites, Harold O., Hamilton, New ork. Whittard, W. F., London, ehcrany Williams, Llewelyn, Chicag Wilson, H. V., Chapel Hil, North Carolina. Zammarano, V. T., Rome, Italy. Zimmer, John T., New York. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 451 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State To ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A.D. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac- cordance with the provisions of “An Act Concerning Corporations,” approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [SEAL] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, SECRETARY OF STATE: SIR: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled “An Act Concerning Corporations,’ approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the ‘“COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO.” 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dis- semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illus- trating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of FIFTEEN (15) TRUSTEES, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. 452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. STATE OF ILLINOIS \ ss. Cook COUNTY I, G. R. MITCHELL, a NoTARY PUBLIC in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [SEAL] NotTARY PUBLIC, CooK COUNTY, ILL. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A eertificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 453 AMENDED BY-LAWS JANUARY 1930 ARTICLE I MEMBERS SECTION 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. SECTION 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. SECTION 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. SECTION 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- _ vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. SECTION 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. SECTION 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. SECTION 7. Any person contributing to the Museum the sum of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. SECTION 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting member and members of family, including non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and entertainments under the auspices 454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. SECTION 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such mem- ber shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. SECTION 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member to a card of admission for the member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located. SECTION 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. SECTION 8. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES SECTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 455 Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or specia!, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS SECTION 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-Presi- dent shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. SECTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. SECTION 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpo- ration except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon -warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. SECTION 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. SECTION 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of “The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum” fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice- Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- 456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each under the charge of a Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. SECTION 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual! Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII AUDITOR SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive. SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice- Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. SECTION 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regular elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board oi Trustees to act in place of the absentee. SECTION 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 457 SECTION 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. SECTION 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expenditures stated are authorized. SECTION 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac- counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi- vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. SECTION 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX NOMINATING COMMITTEE SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Commit- tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three mem- bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X SECTION 1. Whenever the word “Museum” is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. SECTION 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII FOUNDER * MARSHALL FIELD BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum *AYER, EDWARD E. BUCKINGHAM, Miss Karte S. CRANE, CORNELIUS CRANE, R. T., JR. *FIELD, JOSEPH N. FIELD, MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. HARRIS, ALBERT W. *HARRIS, NORMAN W. *HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. *PULLMAN, GEORGE M. RAYMOND, Mrs. ANNA LCJUISE *RAYMOND, JAMES NELSON SIMPSON, JAMES *STURGES, Mrs. Mary D. HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science AYER, Mrs. EDWARD E. BREASTED, PROFESSOR JAMES H. CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, R. T., JR. CUTTING, C. SuYDAM FIELD, Mrs. E. MARSHALL FIELD, MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. Harris, ALBERT W. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. *DECBEASED Lupwic, H. R. H. Gustar ADOLF, CROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN McCormick, STANLEY RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE ROSENWALD, JULIUS RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, HOMER FE. SIMPSON, JAMES SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. VERNAY, ARTHUR S. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 459 PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum ARMOUR, ALLISON V. BORLAND, MRs. JOHN JAY CHADBOURNE, Mrs. EMILY CRANE CHANCELLOR, PHILIP M. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. COATS, JOHN COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CUMMINGS, Mrs. ROBERT F. CUTTING, C. SUYDAM Day, LEE GARNETT ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. FIELD, Mrs. E. MARSHALL FIELD, Mrs. STANLEY INSULL, SAMUEL KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R. KUNZ, GEORGE F. LANGDON, PROFESSOR STEPHEN Moors, Mrs. WILLIAM H. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PROBST, EDWARD RAWSON, FREDERICK H. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE SARGENT, HOMER E. SMITH, Mrs. GEORGE T. STRAWN, SILAS H. STRONG, WALTER A. VERNAY, ARTHUR S. WHITE, HAROLD A. WHITE, HOWARD J. DECEASED, 1930 FAUNTHORPE, J. C. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum BREUIL, ABBE HENRI ELLIOT-SMITH, PROFESSOR GRAFTON KEITH, PROFESSOR SIR ARTHUR 460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII CONTRIBUTORS Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials $75,000 to $100,000 CHANCELLOR, PHILIP M. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. $50,000 to $75,000 FIELD, Mrs. E. MARSHALL *KEEP, CHAUNCEY *ROSENWALD, Mrs. AuGustTa N. RYERSON, MARTIN A. $25,000 to $50,000 *BLACKSTONE, Mrs. TIMOTHY B.” CoATs, JOHN CRANE, CHARLES R. FIELD, Mrs. STANLEY *JONES, ARTHUR B. *PORTER, GEORGE F. ROSENWALD, JULIUS VERNAY, ARTHUR S. WHITE, HAROLD A. $10,000 to $25,000 ARMOUR, ALLISON V. *ARMOUR, P. D. CHADBOURNE, Mrs. EMILY CRANE CONOVER, BOARDMAN *CUMMINGS, R. F. CUTTING, C. SUYDAM EVERARD, R. T. *GUNSAULUS, Dr. F. W. INSULL, SAMUEL McCormick, Cyrus (ESTATE) McCormick, STANLEY *MITCHELL, JOHN J. *DECEASED *REESE, LEWIS RosB, Mrs. GEORGE W. ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, THE SMITH, Mrs. GEORGE T. STRONG, WALTER WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. $5,000 to $10,000 *ADAMS, GEORGE E. *ADAMS, MILWARD *BARTLETT, A. C. BISHOP, HEBER (ESTATE) BORLAND, Mrs. JOHN JAY CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. *CRANE, R. T. *DOANB, J. W. *FULLER, WILLIAM A. GRAVES, GEORGE Cog, II HARRIS, HAYDEN B. HARRIS, NORMAN DWIGHT *HARRIS, Mrs. NORMAN W. *HUTCHINSON, C. L. *KEITH, EDSON LANGTRY, J. C. MAcLEAN, Mrs. M. HApDon Moore, Mrs. WILLIAM H. *PBARSONS, D. K. *PORTER, 1. Hi. *REAM, NORMAN B. REVELL, ALEXANDER H. SARGENT, HOMER E. *SPRAGUE, A. A. STRAWN, SILAS H. THORNE, BRUCE *TREE, LAMBERT JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR $1,000 to $5,000 AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CHINA AYER, Mrs. EDWARD E. BARRETT, SAMUEL E. _ *BLAIR, WATSON F. BoRDEN, JOHN CHALMERS, Mrs. WILLIAM J. CRANE, Mrs. R. T., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. R. F. DOERING, O. C. FIELD, HENRY GRAVES, HENRY, JR. GUNSAULUS, Miss HELEN *HIBBARD, W. G. HIGGINSON, Mrs. CHARLES M. *HILL, JAMES J. HuGHES, THOMAS S. *JACKSON, HUNTINGTON W. JAMES, S. L. *DECEASED LEE LING YUN *MANIERRE, GEORGE McCormick, Cyrus H. McCormick, Mrs, Cyrus *OGDEN, MRS. FRANCES FE. PALMER, POTTER PATTEN, HENRY J. RAUCHFUSS, CHARLES F. REYNOLDS, EARLE H. RYERSON, Mrs. MARTIN A. SCHWAB, MARTIN C. SCHWEPPE, Mrs. CHARLES SHAW, WILLIAM W. *SMITH, BYRON L. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A.., II THOMPSON, E. H. THORNE, Mrs. LOUISE E. *VONFRANTZIUS, FRITZ WILLIs, L. M. 461 462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII CORPORATE MEMBERS ARMOUR, ALLISON V. BORDEN, JOHN BORLAND, MRs. JOHN JAY BYRAM, HARRY E. CHADBOURNE, Mrs. EMILY CRANE CHALMERS, W. J. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C. CHERRIE, GEORGE K. COATS, JOHN COLLINS, ALFRED M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN CRANE, R. T., JR. CUMMINGS, Mrs. ROBERT F. CUTTING, C. SUYDAM Day, LEE GARNETT ELLSWORTH, DUNCAN S. FIELD, Mrs. E. MARSHALL FIELD, MARSHALL FIELD, STANLEY FIELD, Mrs. STANLEY GRAHAM, ERNEST R. Harris, ALBERT W. INSULL, SAMUEL KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW KNIGHT, CHARLES R. KUNZ, GEORGE F. LANGDON, PROFESSOR STEPHEN McCormick, Cyrus H. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. Moore, Mrs. WILLIAM H. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PROBST, EDWARD RAWSON, FREDERICK H. RICHARDSON, GEORGE A. ROOSEVELT, KERMIT ROOSEVELT, THEODORE RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, HOMER E. SIMMS, STEPHEN C. SIMPSON, JAMES SMITH, Mrs. GEORGE T. SMITH, SOLOMON A. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. STRAWN, SILAS H. STRONG, WALTER A. VERNAY, ARTHUR S. WHITE, HAROLD A. WHITE, HowArRD J. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. DECEASED, 1930 EASTMAN, SIDNEY C. FAUNTHORPE, J. C. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 463 LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum ABBOTT, JOHN JAY ABBOTT, ROBERT S. ADLER, Max ALpDIS, ARTHUR T. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM A. ALLERTON, ROBERT H. AMES, JAMES C. AMES, KNOWLTON L. ARMOUR, ALLISON V. ARMouR, A. WATSON ARMOUR, LESTER ASHER, LOUIS E. AUSTRIAN, ALFRED S. AVERY, SEWELL L. BABCOCK, FREDERICK R. BABSON, HENRY B. BACON, EDWARD RICHARDSON, JR. BANKS, ALEXANDER F. BARRETT, Mrs. A. D. BARRETT, ROBERT L. BARTLETT, MISS FLORENCE DIBELL BASSFORD, LOWELL C. Baur, Mrs. JACOB BENDIX, VINCENT BENSABOTT, R. BERMINGHAM, EDWARD J. BILLINGS, C. K. G. BILLINGS, DR. FRANK BLAINE, Mrs. EMMONS BLAIR, CHAUNCEY B. Buair, HENRY A. Buiarr, Mrs. WATSON F. Buock, L. E. Biock, PHILIP D. Booty, W. VERNON BORDEN, JOHN BORDEN, Mrs. WALLER BoRLAND, CHAUNCEY B. BoypD, THOMAS M. BRASSERT, HERMAN A. BREWSTER, WALTER 8. BROWN, CHARLES EDWARD BROWNE, ALDIS J. BUCHANAN, D. W. Bupp, BRITTON I. BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J. BURNHAM, JOHN Burt, WILLIAM G. BUTLER, JULIUS W. BUTLER, RuSH C. ByRAM, Harry E. CARPENTER, AUGUSTUS A. CARPENTER, Mrs. HUBBARD CARR, GEORGE R. CARR, ROBERT F. CARTON, L. A. CASALIS, Mrs. MAURICE CHALMERS, WILLIAM J. CHALMERS, Mrs. WILLIAM J. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, WAYNE CLARK, EUGENE B. CLAY, JOHN CLEGG, Mrs. HENRY G. CLEGG, WILLIAM G. CLEGG, Mrs. WILLIAM G. CLOW, WILLIAM F. CoBuRN, Mrs. Lewis L. COLLINS, WILLIAM M. CONOVER, BOARDMAN COOKE, GEORGE A. CoRLEY, F. D. COWLES, ALFRED CRAMER, CORWITH CRAMER, E. W. CRAMER, Mrs. KATHARINE S. CRANE, CHARLES R. CRANE, R. T., JR. CROSSETT, EDWARD C. CROSSLEY, LADY JOSEPHINE CROSSLEY, SIR KENNETH CROWELL, H. P. CUDAHY, EDWARD A. CUDAHY, EDWARD A., JR. CUDAHY, JOSEPH M. CUMMINGS, D. Mark CUNNINGHAM, FRANK S. CUNNINGHAM, JAMES D. CUSHING, CHARLES G. CUTTEN, ARTHUR W. DAU: DAVIES, Mrs. D. C. DAWES, CHARLES G. DAWES, HENRY M. DAWES, RUFUS C. Day, ALBERT M. DECKER, ALFRED DELANO, FREDERIC A. Dick, ALBERT BLAKE DIERSSEN, FERDINAND W. DIXON, GEORGE W. DIxon, Homer L. DONNELLEY, THOMAS EB. 464 FrsLp MuseuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII DOUGLAS, JAMES H. DOYLE, EDWARD J. DRAKE, JOHN B. DRAKE, TRACY C. DREYFUS, MOISE Eckuakt, B. A. ECKSTEIN, LOUIS EDMUNDS, PHILIP 8. EVERITT, GEORGE B. EWING, CHARLES HULL FARNUM, HENRY W. Farr, MISS SHIRLEY FARRINGTON, DR. OLIVER C. FARWELL, ARTHUR L. FARWELL, FRANCIS C. FARWELL, JOHN V. FARWELL, WALTER Fay, C.N. FELT, Dorr E. FENTON, HOWARD W. FENTRESS, CALVIN FERGUSON, Louis A. FERNALD, CHARLES Ferry, Mrs. ABBY FARWELL FIELD, JOSEPH NAsH, II FIELD, MARSHALL FIELD, NORMAN FIELD, Mrs. NORMAN FIELD, STANLEY FIELD, Mrs. STANLEY FLEMING, JOHN C. FLORSHEIM, MILTON S. ForRGAN, DAVID R. FYFFE, COLIN C. H. GARDNER, PAUL E. GARDNER, ROBERT A. Gartz, A. F., JR. Gary, Mrs. JOHN W. GETZ, GEORGE F. GILBERT, HUNTLY H. GLESSNER, JOHN J. GLORE, CHARLES F. GODDARD, LEROY A. GoopMAN, WILLIAM O. Goopricu, A. W. GOODSPEED, CHARLES B. GOowING, J. PARKER GRAHAM, ERNEST R. GRIFFITHS, JOHN GRISCOM, CLEMENT A. Hack, FREDERICK C. HAMILL, ALFRED E. HAMILL, Mrs. ERNEST A. HARRIS, ALBERT W. HARRIS, NORMAN W. HASKELL, FREDERICK T. HASTINGS, SAMUEL M. HAYES, WILLIAM F. HECHT, FRANK A., JR. HIBBARD, FRANK | Hickox, Mrs. CHARLES V. Hii, Louis W. HINDE, THOMAS W. HINKLEY, JAMES OTIS Hippacu, Louis A. HIXon, FRANK P. HopkKINS, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. LANDON HuGHES, THOMAS S. HURLEY, EDWARD N. HUTCHINS, JAMES C. INSULL, MARTIN J. INSULL, SAMUEL INSULL, SAMUEL, JR. JARNAGIN, WILLIAM N. JELKE, JOHN F. JELKE, JOHN F., JR. JOHNSON, Mrs. ELIZABETH AYER JOINER, THEODORE E. JONES, Mrs. ARTHUR B. JONES, MIss GWETHALYN KELLEY, Mrs. DAPHNE FIELD KELLEY, RUSSELL P. KELLEY, WILLIAM V. KELLY; Dok: Kinston, WILLIAM H. KING, CHARLES GARFIELD KING, FRANCIS KING, JAMES G. KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFFE KNICKERBOCKER, CHARLES K. KUPPENHEIMER, LOUIS B. LAMONT, ROBERT P. LEGGE, ALEXANDER LEHMANN, E. J. LEONARD, CLIFFORD M. LEOPOLD, Mrs. HAROLD E. Levy, Mrs. DAVID M. LOGAN, SPENCER H. LorD, JOHN B. LOWDEN, FRANK O. LYTTON, GEORGE LYTTON, HENRY C. JAN. 19381 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR MAcDOWELL, CHARLES H. MACLEISH, JOHN E. MACVEAGH, EAMES MACVEAGH, FRANKLIN MADLENER, Mrs. ALBERT F. MARK, CLAYTON MARSHALL, BENJAMIN H. MASON, WILLIAM S. McCormick, Cyrus H. McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus, JR. McCormick, Mrs. EDITH ROCKEFELLER McCormick, HAROLD F. McCorRMICkK, STANLEY McCurtTcHEON, JOHN T. McGANN, Mrs. ROBERT G. McILVAINE, WILLIAM B. McINNERNEY, THOMAS H. McKINLAY, JOHN McKINLOCK, GEORGE A. MCLAUGHLIN, FREDERIC McLAUGHLIN, GEORGE D. McLENNAN, D. R. McLENNAN, HuGH McNULTY, T. J. MEYER, CARL MEYNE, GERHARDT F. MITCHELL, WILLIAM H. Moore, EDWARD S. Morse, CHARLES H., JR. MORTON, JOY Morton, MARK MUNROE, CHARLES A. MurRpPHY, WALTER P. NEWELL, A. B. NIKOLAS, G. J. NOEL, JOSEPH R. O’BRIEN, JOHN J. OrmMSsBY, DR. OLIVER S. Orr, ROBERT M. PAESCH, CHARLES A. PALMER, HONORE PALMER, POTTER PATTEN, HENRY J. PATTEN, Mrs. JAMES A. PATTERSON, JOSEPH M. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PAYSON, GEORGE S. PEABODY, AUGUSTUS S. PEABODY, STUYVESANT PERKINS, HERBERT F. Pick, ALBERT PIEZ, CHARLES PIKE, CHARLES B. PIKE, EUGENE R. POPPENHUSEN, CONRAD H. PORTER, FRANK W. PORTER, GILBERT FE. PorRTER, H. H. RAWSON, FREDERICK H. RAYMOND, Mrs. JAMES NELSON REA, Mrs. ROBERT L. REVELL, ALEXANDER H. REYNOLDS, ARTHUR REYNOLDS, PARLE H. REYNOLDS, GEORGE M. RILEY, HARRISON B. RIPLEY, ROBERT H. ROBINSON, THEODORE W. Rosson, Miss ALICE RODMAN, MRS. KATHERINE FIELD RODMAN, THOMAS CLIFFORD ROSENWALD, JULIUS ROSENWALD, WILLIAM RUNNELLS, CLIVE RUSSELL, EDMUND A. RUSSELL, EDWARD P. RYERSON, Mrs. CARRIE H. RYERSON, EDWARD L., JR. RYERSON, MARTIN A. SARGENT, FRED W. SCHWEPPE, CHARLES H. SCOTT, FRANK HAMLINE ScoTT, GEORGE E. Scott, HAROLD N. Scott, JOHN W. SEABURY, CHARLES W. SHAFFER, JOHN C. SHIRK, JOSEPH H. SIMPSON, JAMES SIMPSON, WILLIAM B. SMITH, ALEXANDER SMITH, SOLOMON A. SPALDING, KEITH SPALDING, VAUGHAN C. SPRAGUE, ALBERT A. SPRAGUE, Mrs. A. A., II STERN, Mrs. ALFRED K. STEVENS, CHARLES A. STEVENS, EUGENE M. STEWART, ROBERT W. STIRTON, ROBERT C. STOREY, W. B. STuaRT, H. L. STUART, JOHN 466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisToRY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII STUART, R. DOUGLAS STRAWN, SILAS H. STUDEBAKER, CLEMENT, JR. STURGES, GEORGE Sunny, B. E. SwIFT, CHARLES H. SWIFT, EDWARD F. Swirt, G. F., JR. SwirTt, HAROLD H. SwIirT, Louis F. THORNE, CHARLES H. THORNE, ROBERT J. TRAYLOR, MELVIN A. TREE, RONALD L. F. TYSON, RUSSELL UIBLEIN, EDGAR J. UNDERWOOD, MORGAN P. VALENTINE, LOUIS L. VEATCH, GEORGE L. VILES, LAWRENCE M. CHANDLER, REUBEN G. CLINCH, R. FLoyD DEWOLF, WALLACE L. GarTZ, A. F., SR. JONES, THOMAS D. KELLER, THEODORE C. WANNER, HARRY C. WARD, P. C. WARNER, EZRA JOSEPH WEBER, DAVID WELCH, Mrs. EDWIN P. WELLING, JOHN P. WHEELER, CHARLES P. WHITE, F. EDSON WHITNEY, Mrs. JULIA L. WICKWIRE, Mrs. EDWARD L. WIEBOLDT, WILLIAM A. WILLARD, ALONZO J. WILLITS, WARD W. WILSON, JOHN P., JR. WILSON, OLIVER T. WILSON, THOMAS E. WILSON, WALTER H. WINSTON, GARRARD B. WINTER, WALLACE C. WOOLLEY, CLARENCE M. WRIGLEY, PHILIP K. WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR. YATES, DAVID M. DECEASED, 1930 LINN, W. R. MARKHAM, CHARLES H. MINER, WILLIAM H. SOPER, JAMES P. WETMORE, FRANK O. NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum Cop_Ley, IRA CLIFF LANDON, MRs. JESSIE SPALDING DAVIS, LIVINGSTON ROSENWALD, LESSING J. ELLIS, RALPH, JR. STERN, Mrs. EpGArR B. VERNAY, ARTHUR S. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum ABBOTT, Guy H. ABBOTT, W. R. ABBOTT, WILLIAM L. ABRAMS, PROFESSOR DUFF A. AARON, CHARLES AARON, ELy M. ABBOTT, DONALD P., JR. ABBOTT, GORDON C. JAN. 1931 ACKERMAN, CHARLES N. ADAMICK, GUSTAV H. ADAMS, BENJAMIN STEARNS ADAMS, MRS. FRANCES SPROGLE ADAMS, JOHN Q. ADAMS, JOSEPH ADAMS, Mrs. SAMUEL ADAmMs, Mrs. S. H. ADAMS, WILLIAM C. Apcock, Mrs. BESSIE ADDLEMAN, SAMUEL W. ADLER, DAVID ADLER, Mrs. Max AFFLECK, BENJAMIN F. AHLSCHLAGER, WALTER W. ALBEE, Mrs. Harry W. ALLBRIGHT, WILLIAM B. ALLEN, Mrs. FRED G. ALLENSWORTH, A. P. ALLING, Mrs. C. A. ALLING, CHARLES ALLING, Mrs. VANWAGENEN ALMES, Dr. HERMAN E. ALSCHULER, ALFRED S. ALSIP, CHARLES H. ALTER, HARRY ANDERSON, ARTHUR ANDREEN, OTTO C. ANDREWS, ALFRED B. ANDREWS, Mrs. E. C. ANDREWS, MILTON H. ANSTISS, GEORGE P. APPELT, MRS. JESSIE E. ARMBRUST, JOHN T. ARMBRUSTER, C. A. ARMOUR, PHILIP D. ARMSTRONG, ARTHUR W. ARMSTRONG, EDWARD E. ARN, W. G. ARNOLD, WILLIAM G. ARTINGSTALL, SAMUEL G., JR. ASCHER, FRED ASHBY, W. B. ASHCRAFT, RAYMOND M. ASHENHURST, HAROLD S. ATWATER, WALTER HULL AURELIUS, Mrs. Marcus A. AUSTIN, HENRY W. AUSTIN, DR. MARGARET HOWARD AVERY, MISS CLARA BAACKES, Mrs. FRANK BABSON, FRED K. Bacu, JULIUS H. BACHMANN, DR. HARROLD A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BADGER, SHREVE COWLES BArER, MERVIN K. BAER, WALTER S. BAGGALEY, WILLIAM BLAIR BAGGE, CHRISTIAN U. BAILEY, Mrs. EDWARD W. BAIRD, Harry K. BAKER, Mrs. ALFRED L. BAKER, FRANK H. BALDWIN, VINCENT CuRTIS BALDWIN, WILLIAM W. BALGEMANN, OTTO W. BALKIN, LOUIS BALL, Dr. FRED E. BALL, Mrs. Rosert G. BALL, SIDNEY Y. BALLARD, THOMAS L. BALLENBERG, ADOLPH G. BARBER, PHIL C. BARBOUR, Harry A. BARBOUR, JAMES J. BARLEY, Miss MATILDA A. BARNES, CECIL BARNES, Mrs. CHARLES OSBORNE BARNES, JAMES M. BARNES, MIss MURIEL BARNETT, OTTO R. BARNHART, Mrs. A. M. BARNHART, MRS. CLARE S. BARNHART, MIss GRACIA M. F. BARNUM, HARRY Barr, Mrs. ALFRED H. BARTELME, JOHN H. BARTHOLOMAE, Mrs. EMMA BARTHOLOMAY, F. H. BARTHOLOMAY, HENRY BARTHOLOMAY, Mrs. WILLIAM, JR BARTLETT, FREDERIC C. BAss, JOHN F. Bass, Mrs. PERKINS BASTIAN, CHARLES L. BATEMAN, Fioyp L. BatTss, Mrs. A. M. BATES, JOSEPH A. Battry, Poi: BAuER, A. Baum, Mrs. JAMES BauM, MERVYN BAUSCH, WILLIAM C. BEACH, Miss Bgss K. Bracuy, Mrs. P. A. BEACOM, HAROLD BEAR, ALVIN L. BEATTY, H. W. BECK, HERBERT 468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII BECKER, BENJAMIN F. BECKER, BENJAMIN V. BECKER, FREDERICK G. BECKER, Hi: BECKER, JAMES H. BECKER, LEON V. BECKER, LOUIS Beur, Mrs. EDITH BEIDLER, FRANCIS, II BELDEN, JOSEPH C. BELL, Mrs. LAIRD BELL, LIONEL A. BELLINGHAUSEN, Miss C. BENDER, C. J. BENJAMIN, JACK A. BENNER, HARRY BENSINGER, BENJAMIN E. BENSON, JOHN BENTLEY, ARTHUR BENTON, Miss MABEL M. BEREND, GEORGE F. BERKOWITZ, Dr. J. G. BERNDT, DR. GEORGE W. BERRYMAN, JOHN B. BERSBACH, ELMER S. BERTSCHINGER, DR. C. F. Bersty, Mrs. C. H. BEVAN, DR. ARTHUR DEAN BIcHL, THOMAS A. BIDWELL, CHARLES W. BIEN, Dr. J. F. BIGLER, Mrs. ALBERT J. BILLOW, ELMER E. BILLOW, MIss VIRGINIA BIRD, GEORGE H. Birk, Miss AMELIA Birk, EDWARD J. Birk, FRANK J. BIRKENSTEIN, GEORGE BIRKHOLZ, HANS E. BisHop, HOWARD P. : BisHop, Mrs. MARTHA V. BISTOoR, JAMES E. BITTEL, Mrs. FRANK J. BrxsBy, EDWARD RANDALL BLACK, Dr. ARTHUR D. BLACKMAN, NATHAN L. BLAIR, EDWARD T. Buiair, Mrs. M. BARBOUR BLAKE, TIFFANY BLATCHFORD, CARTER BLATCHFORD, DR. FRANK WICKS BLAYNEY, THOMAS C. BLESSING, DR. ROBERT BLETSCH, WILLIAM E. BLISH, SYLVESTER BLock, EMANUEL J. BLOME, RUDOLPH S. Buioom, Mrs. LEOPOLD BLUFORD, Mrs. DAVID BLuM, DAVID Buium, Harry H. BLUNT, J. E.., JR. BOAL, AYRES BopMAN, Mrs. LUTHER BOERICKE, Mrs. ANNA BouN, Mrs. BERTHA BOWLBY BOLTEN, PAUL H. BOLTER, JOSEPH C. BONDY, BERTHOLD BooMER, DR. PAUL C. Boorn, WILLIAM C. BooTH, ALFRED V. BootH, GEORGE E. BoreG, GEORGE W. BORLAND, MRS. BRUCE Born, Moses BoscH, CHARLES Boscu, Mrs. HENRY BoTH, WILLIAM C. Botts, GRAEME G. Bousa, Dr. B. BowEn, Mrs. LouIssE DEKOVEN BOWES, WILLIAM R. Bowery, Mrs. CHARLES F. BOWMAN, JOHNSTON A. BoyYACK, HARRY BoyDEN, Miss ELLEN WEBB BOYDEN, Miss ROSALIE 8. BoyYnTON, Mrs. C. T. BOYNTON, F. P. BRACH, Mrs. F. V. BRADLEY, Mrs. A. BALLARD BRADLEY, CHARLES E. BRADLEY, Mrs. NATALIE BLAIR HIGINBOTHAM BRAINERD, Mrs. ARTHUR T. BRAMBLE, DELHI G. C. BRAND, Mrs EDWIN L., JR. BRAND, Mrs. RUDOLF BRANDES, A. G. BRANDT, CHARLES H. BRANSFIELD, JOHN J. BRAUER, MRS. PAUL BRECKINRIDGE, PROFESSOR S. P. BREMER, HARRY A. BREMNER, Mrs. DAVID F. BRENDECKE, MIss JUNE BRENNWASSER, S. M. BREWER, Mrs. ANGELINE L. JAN. 1931 BRIDGE, GEORGE S. Briccs, Mrs. GERTRUDE BRIGHAM, Miss F. M. BRISTOL, JAMES T. Brock, A. J. BRODRIBB, LAWRENCE C. BROOME, THORNHILL Brown, A. W. BROWN, BENJAMIN R. BROWN, CHARLES A. BROWN, CHRISTY BROWN, DR. EDWARD M. BROWN, GEORGE D. Brown, Mrs. GEORGE DEWES Brown, Mrs. HENRY TEMPLE BROWN, JOHN T. BROWN, SCOTT BRUCKNER, WILLIAM T. BRUGMAN, JOHN J. BRUNDAGE, AVERY BRUNSWICK, LARRY BRYANT, JOHN J., JR. Buck, Guy R. Buck, Mrs. LILLIAN B. Buck, NELSON LEROY BUCKLIN, Mrs. VAIL R. BUDLONG, JOSEPH J. BUEHLER, CARL BUEHLER, H. L. BUETTNER, WALTER J. BUFFINGTON, Mrs. M. A. BUHMANN, GILBERT G. BULLOCK, CARL C. BULLOCK, Mrs. JAMES E. BUNGE, Mrs. ALBERT J. BURGESS, CHARLES F. BURGWEGER, Mrs. META DEWES BURKE, Mrs. LAWRENCE N. BURKHOLDER, Dr. J. F. BURNHAM, Mrs. E. Burns, Mrs. RANDALL W. Burrows, Mrs. W. F. Burry, Mrs. WILLIAM Burtcu, ALMON BurTON, MRS. ERNEST D. BusH, DAVID D. Busu, Mrs. LIONEL EB. Busu, Mrs. WILLIAM H. ButTLer, Mrs. HERMON B. BUTLER, JOHN BuTLER, J. FRED BUTLER, PAUL Butz, HERBERT R. Butz, ROBERT O. Butz, THEODORE C. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 469 Butzow, Mrs. ROBERT C. BUZZELL, EDGAR A. BYFIELD, DR. ALBERT H. BYRNE, Miss MARGARET H. CABLE, J. E. CAHN, Dr. ALVIN R. CAHN, BERTRAM J. CAHN, Morton D. CALDWELL, C. D. CALDWELL, Mrs. F. C. CALDWELL, J. T. CAMERON, Dr. DAN U. CAMERON, JOHN M. CAMERON, WILL J. Camp, Mrs. ARTHUR ROYCE CAMPBELL, DELWIN M. CAMPBELL, HERBERT J. CANBY, CALEB H., Jr. CAPES, LAWRENCE R. Capps, Dr. JOSEPH A. CARNEY, WILLIAM Roy CARON, O. J. CARPENTER, Mrs. BENJAMIN CARPENTER, FREDERIC IvES CARPENTER, Mrs. GEORGE A. CARPENTER, GEORGE S. CARPENTER, HUBBARD CARPENTER, MIss ROSALIE 8. CARPENTER, W. W. S. CARQUEVILLE, Mrs. A. R. CarRR, Mrs. CLYDE M. CARR, WALTER S. CARROLL, JOHN A. CARRY, J. C. CARTER, Mrs. ARMISTEAD B. CARTON, ALFRED T. Cary, Dr. HUGENE CASE, ELMER G. Casry, Mrs. JAMEs J. CASSELBERRY, Mrs. WILLIAM EVANS, SR. CASSELS, EDWIN H. CASTLE, ALFRED C. CATES, DUDLEY CERNOCH, FRANK CHADWICK, CHARLES H. CHAMBERLIN, GEORGE W. CHAPIN, Henry K. CHAPIN, HOMER C. CHAPPELL, Mrs. CHARLES H. CHASE, FRANK D. CHEEVER, Mrs. ARLINE V. CHENEY, Dr. HENRY W. CHISHOLM, GEORGE D. 470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII CHISLETT, Dr. H. R. CHRITTON, GEORGE A. CHURAN, CHARLES A. CLARK, AINSWORTH W. CLARK, Miss ALICE KEEP CLARK, CHARLES V. CLARK, Miss DorotHy S. CLARK, EDWIN H. CLARK, DR. PETER S. CLARKE, CHARLES F. CLARKE, FRED L. CLARKE, HARLEY L. CLARKE, HENRY CuAs, Miss Mary LOUISE CLEMEN, DR. RUDOLF A. CLEVELAND, PAUL W. CLIFFORD, F. J. CLOUGH, WILLIAM H. CiLow, Mrs. Harry B. CLow, WILLIAM E.., JR. COHEN, GEORGE B. CoHEN, Mrs. L. LEWIS COLBURN, FREDERICK S. CoLBy, Mrs. GEORGE E. COLDREN, CLIFTON C. COLEMAN, DR. GEORGE H. COLEMAN, LORING W., JR. COLEMAN, WILLIAM OGDEN COLIANNI, PAUL V. CouLuis, HARRY J. CoLvIN, Mrs. W. H., Sr. COLWELL, CLYDE C. ComBES, Mrs. Dora F. CoMPTON, D. M. COMPTON, FRANK E. CONDON, MRs. JAMES G. CONGER, MISS CORNELIA CONNELL, P. G. CONNERS, HARRY CONNOR, Mrs. CLARA A. Connor, F. H. Cook, Miss ALIcE B. Cook, Mrs. DAVID §., JR. Cook, Mrs. WALLACE L. COOKE, CHARLES E. COOKE, MISS FLORA CooKE, LESLIE L. COOLIDGE, MIss ALICE COOLIDGE, E. C. CooMBs, JAMES F. Coon_leEy, J. S. COONLEY, JOHN STUART, JR. COONLEY, PRENTISS L. COOPER, SAMUEL COPLAND, DAVID CORBETT, Mrs. WILLIAM J. COREY, CHESTER CORMACK, CHARLES V. CORNELL, JOHN E. COSFORD, THOMAS H. COSTON, JAMES E. COUNSELMAN, MRs. JENNIE E. COURVOISIER, DR. EARL A. COWDERY, EDWARD G. Cox, Mrs. Howarp M. Cox, JAMES A. Cox, JAMES C. Cox, Mrs. RENSSELAER W. CRANE, CHARLES R. CREGO, Mrs. Dominica §8. CRERAR, MRs. JOHN CRILLY, EDGAR CROMER, CLARENCE FE. CROMWELL, GEORGE O. CROMWELL, MISS JULIETTE CLARA Cross, HENRY H. CROWDER, DR. THOMAS R. CUBBINS, DR. WILLIAM R. CUDAHY, EDWARD I. CULBERTSON, DR. CAREY CUNNINGHAM, Mrs. HOWARD J. CUNNINGHAM, JOHN T. CURRAN, HARRY R. CurRTIS, AUGUSTUS D. CuRTIS, Mrs. CHARLES S. CurTIS, Miss FRANCES H. CURTIS, JOHN F. L. CUSACK, HAROLD CUSHING, JOHN F. CUSHMAN, A. W. CUTLER, HENRY E. CUTTING, CHARLES S. DAHLBERG, BROR G. DAILY, RICHARD DAKIN, DR. FRANK C. DAMMANN, J. F. D’ ANCONA, EDWARD N. DANFORTH, DR. WILLIAM C. DANIELS, H. L. DANTZIG, LEONARD P. DARROW, WILLIAM W. DASHIELL, C. R. DAVEY, Mrs. BRUCE C. DAVID, DR. VERNON C. DAVIDONIS, DR. ALEXANDER L. DAVIDSON, Miss Mary E. DAVIES, MARSHALL DAVIES, WARREN T. DAVIs, ABEL JAN. 1931 Davis, ARTHUR Davis, C. S. DAVIS, DR. CARL DAVIS, FRANK S. DAVIS, FRED M. DAVIS, JAMES DAvis, Dr. NATHAN S., IIT DAVIS, RALPH DAWES, E. L. Day, Mrs. WINFIELD S. DEACRES, CLYDE H. DEAGAN, JOHN C., SR. DEAHL, URIAH 8. DECKER, CHARLES QO. DeCosta, LEwIs M. DEDARDEL, CARL O. DEE, THOMAS J. DEERY, THOMAS A., JR. DEGOLYER, ROBERT S. DEKOVEN, Mrs. JOHN DELANG, THEODORE O. DELEE, DR. JOSEPH B. DEMING, EVERETT G. DEMPSTER, Mrs. C. W. DENEEN, Mrs. CHARLES S. DENMAN, Mrs. Burt J. DENNEHRY, T. C. DENNIS, CHARLES H. DENT, GEORGE C. DEUTSCH, JOSEPH DeEuTSCcH, Mrs. Percy L. DEUTSCH, SAMUEL DEVRIES, DAVID DEVRIES, PETER DEWES, RUDOLPH PETER DEWEY, ALBERT B., SR. DEWEY, Mrs. ALBERT B., SR. Dick, ALBERT B., JR. Dick, ELMER J. Dick, Mrs. HoMEr T. DickEY, Roy DICKINSON, F. R. DICKINSON, ROBERT B. DICKINSON, Mrs. W. F. DIESTEL, Mrs. HERMAN DIKEMAN, AARON BUTLER DILLON, MIss HESTER MAY Dimick, MIss ELIZABETH Drxon, ALAN C. Dixon, HoMER L. DIXON, WILLIAM WARREN DOBSON, GEORGE Doctor, ISIDOR DopcE, Mrs. PAUL C. DOERING, OTTO C. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DOERR, WILLIAM P., SR. DoeEtTscH, Miss ANNA DOLE, ARTHUR, SR. DONAHUE, WILLIAM J. DONKER, Mrs. WILLIAM DONLON, Mps. S. E. DONNELLEY, MIss NAOMI DONNELLEY, Mrs. R. R. DONNELLEY, Mrs. THORNE DONNELLY, FRANK DONOHUE, EDGAR T. Douc.tass, W. A. DREISKE, GEORGE J. DRUMMOND, JAMES J. DRYDEN, MRS. GEORGE B. DUDLEY, LAURENCE H. DUGAN, ALPHONSO G. DULANY, GEORGE W., JR. DuLsky, Mrs. SAMUEL DUNER, DR. CLARENCE S. DUNHAM, JOHN H. DuNHAM, Miss Lucy BELLE DUNLOP, Mrs. SIMPSON DuPpEE, Mrs. F. KENNETT DURAND, SCOTT S. DURBIN, FLETCHER M. Dux, JOSEPH G. DyYcHE, WILLIAM A. EASTERBERG, C. J. EASTMAN, Mrs. GEORGE H. EASTMAN, R. M. EBELING, FREDERIC O. ECKHART, PERCY B. ECKSTEIN, H. G. Eppy, Mrs. ARTHUR J. Eppy, GEORGE A. Eppy, THOMAS H. EDMONDS, HARRY C. EDWARDS, Miss EDITH E. EGAN, W. B. EHRMAN, EDWIN H. EIGER, OSCAR S. EISELEN, FREDERICK CARL EISENDRATH, EDWIN W. EISENDRATH, ROBERT M. EISENDRATH, Mrs. WILLIAM N. EISENSCHIML, Mrs. OTTO EITEL, MAx ELcock, EDWARD G. ELENBOGEN, HERMAN ELLBOGEN, ALBERT L. ELLIOTT, DR. CHARLES A. ELLIOTT, FRANK R. ELLiIs, HOWARD A471 472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Ey, Mrs. C. MorsE FISCHEL, FREDERIC A. ENGEL, E. J. FIsH, ISAAC ENGELHARD, BENJAMIN M. FISHBEIN, Dr. MORRIS ENGWALL, JOHN F. FISHER, Mrs. EDWARD METCALF EPSTEIN, Max FISHER, GEORGE P. ERDMANN, Mrs. C. PARDEE FISHER, HON. Harry M. ERICSON, MRS. CHESTER F. FITZPATRICK, MRS. JOHN A. ERICSON, MELVIN B. FLAVIN, EDWIN F., Sr. ERICSSON, CLARENCE FLESCH, EUGENE W. P. ERICSSON, H. FLEXNER, WASHINGTON ERICSSON, WALTER H. FLORIAN, Mrs. PAuL A., JR. ERNST, Mrs. LEO FLORSHEIM, IRVING S. ERSKINE, ALBERT DEWOLF FLosporF, Mrs. G. E. ETTEN, HENRY C. FoLEy, REV. WILLIAM M. EUSTICE, ALFRED L. FOLONIE, Mrs. RoBERT J. EvAns, Mrs. ALBERT THOMAS Fousom, Mrs. RICHARD S. Evans, Mrs. DAvID Foot, PETER EVANS, DAviD J. FOREMAN, Mrs. E. G. EVANS, HON. EVAN A. FOREMAN, EDWIN G., JR. EWELL, C. D. FOREMAN, HAROLD EF. EWEN, WILLIAM R. T. FOREMAN, HENRY G. FOREMAN, OSCAR G. FABIAN, FRANCIS G. FORESMAN, Mrs. W. COATES FABRY, HERMAN FORGAN, JAMES B., JR. FAckKT, Mrs. GEORGE P. FORGAN, ROBERT D. Fape|r, A. L. FORMAN, CHARLES FAGET, JAMES EB. - FORSTALL, JAMES J. FAHERTY, ROGER FORTUNE, MISS JOANNA FAHRENWALD, FRANK A. FOSTER, STEPHEN A. FAHRNEY, EMpRY H. Foster, VOLNEY FAITHORN, WALTER FE. Foster, Mrs. WILLIAM C. FALK, Miss AMY Fow.LeErR, MIss ELIZABETH FALK, LESTER L. Fox, CHARLES FE. FARNHAM, Mrs. Harry J. Fox, JACOB LOGAN FARR, NEWTON CAMP Fox, Dr. PAUL C. FARRELL, Mrs. B. J. FRANK, Dr. IRA FARRELL, REV. THOMAS F. FRANK, Mrs. JOSEPH K. FAULKNER, CHARLES J., JR. FRANKENSTEIN, RUDOLPH FAULKNER, MISS ELIZABETH FRANKENSTEIN, W. B. FAUROT, HENRY, SR. FRANKENTHAL, DR. LESTER E., JR. FAUROT, HENRY, JR. FRANKLIN, M. E. Fay, Miss AGNgEs M. FREEDMAN, Dr. I. VAL FECKE, MRS. FRANK J. FREEMAN, CHARLES Y. FEIGENHEIMER, HERMAN - FREEMAN, WALTER W. FEIWELL, Morris E. FREER, ARCHIBALD E. FELIX, BENJAMIN B. FRENIER, A. B. FELLowS, W. K. FREUDENTHAL, G. S. FELTMAN, CHARLES H. FREUND, CHARLES E. FERGUS, ROBERT C. FREUND, I. H. FERGUSON, WILLIAM H. FREY, CHARLES DANIEL FERNALD, ROBERT W. FREYN, HENRY J. FETZER, WADE FRIDSTEIN, MEYER FILEK, AUGUST FRIEDLANDER, JACOB FINLEY, MAx H. ; FRIEDLICH, Mrs. HERBERT FINN, JOSEPH M. FRIEDMAN, Mrs. Isaac K. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FRIEDMAN, OSCAR J. FRIESTEDT, ARTHUR A. FRISBIE, CHAUNCEY O. Frost, Mrs. CHARLES FULLER, Mrs. CHARLES FULLER, Mrs. GREETA PATTERSON FULLER, JUDSON M. FULLER, LEROY W. FURRY, WILLIAM 8. Furst, EDUARD A. GABATHULER, MISS JUANITA GABRIEL, CHARLES GAERTNER, WILLIAM GALE, G. WHITTIER GALE, HENRY G. GALL, CHARLES H. GALL, Harry T. GALLAGHER, VINCENT G. GALLUP, ROCKWELL GALT, Mrs. A. T. GALVIN, Wm. A. GANN, DAVID B. GANSBERGEN, Mrs. F. H. GARARD, Euzy A. GARCIA, JOSE GARDEN, HucH M. G. GARDNER, ADDISON L., SR. GARDNER, ADDISON L., JR. GARDNER, HENRY A. GARDNER, Mrs. JAMES P. GARNER, Harry J. GARRISON, Dr. LESTER E. GARY, FRED ELBERT GATELY, RALPH M. GATES, PHILETUS W. GATZERT, AUGUST GAWNE, MIss CLARA J. Gay, Rev. A. ROYAL GAYLORD, DUANE W. GEHL, Dr. WILLIAM H. GEHRMANN, FELIX GEORGE, Mrs. ALBERT B. GEORGE, FRED W. GERNGROSS, Mrs. LEo GERRITY, THOMAS GERTS, WALTER S. GETZOFF, E. B. GHEEN, Miss MARIAN H. GIBBONS, JOHN W. GIBBS, DR. JOHN PHILLIP GIELOW, WALTER C. GIFFERT, Mrs. WILLIAM GILBERT, MISS CLARA C. GILCHRIST, Mrs. JouHN F. GILCHRIST, Mrs. WILLIAM ALBERT GILES, CARL C. GILLMAN, MorRIs GILLSON, Louts K. GILMER, Dr. THOMAS L. GINTHER, MIss MINNIE C. GIRARD, Mrs. ANNA GLAESCHER, MRS. G. W. GLASGow, H. A. GLASNER, RUDOLPH W. GLENN, Mrs. J. M. GODEHN, PAUL M. GOEDKE, CHARLES F. GOEHST, Mrs. JoHN HENRY GoEs, Mrs. ARTHUR A. GOLDEN, Dr. Isaac J. K. GOLDENBERG, SIDNEY D. GOLDFINE, Dr. ASCHER H. C. GOLDSTINE, Dr. MARK T. GOLDY, WALTER I. GOODEN, G. E. GOODKIND, Dr. MAURICE L. GOODMAN, BENEDICT K. GOODMAN, Mrs. HERBERT E. GOODMAN, MIss JEAN ELLEN GOODMAN, W. J. GOODMAN, WILLIAM E. GoopRow, WILLIAM GOODSPEED, Mrs. WILBUR F. GOODWIN, Hon. CLARENCE NORTON GOODWIN, GEORGE S. GORDON, Mrs. RoBERT D. GORHAM, SIDNEY SMITH GORMAN, GEORGE FE. GORRELL, Mrs. WARREN GOTTFRIED, C. M. GOTTSCHALK, GUSTAV H. GRADLE, Dr. Harry S. GRADY, DR. GROVER Q. GRAF, ROBERT J. GRAFF, OSCAR G. GRAHAM, DOUGLAS GRAHAM, E. V. GRAMM, Mrs. HELEN GRANGER, ALFRED GRANT, ALEXANDER R. GRANT, JOHN G. GRAVES, HOWARD B. GRAY, Rev. JAMES M. GREEN, J. B. GREEN, Dr. RAPHAEL B. GREEN, ROBERT D. GREEN, ZOLA C. GREENBERG, ANDREW H. GREENBURG, Dr. IRA E. 474. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REpoRTS, VOL. VIII GREENE, CARL D. GREENEBAUM, JAMES E. GREENEBAUM, M. E. GREENEBAUM, M. E., JR. GREENLEE, JAMES A. GREENMAN, MRs. EARL C. GREGORY, CLIFFORD V. GREGORY, STEPHEN S&., JR. GREGORY, TAPPAN GREGSON, WILLIAM L. GREY, CHARLES F. GREY, DR. DOROTHY GREY, HOWARD G. GRIFFENHAGEN, Mrs. EDWIN O. GRIFFITH, ENOCH L. GRIFFITH, MELVIN L. GRIFFITH, Mrs. WILLIAM GRIFFITHS, GEORGE W. GRIMM, WALTER H. GRISWOLD, HAROLD T. GRIZZARD, JAMES A. GRONKOWSKI, REV. C. I. Gross, Mrs. EMILY Gross, HENRY R. GROSSMAN, FRANK I. GROTENHUIS, Mrs. WILLIAM J. GROTOWSKI, Dr. LEON GRULEE, Lowry K. GRUNOW, MRs. WILLIAM C. GUENZEL, LOUIS GUEST, WARD E. GULBRANSEN, AXEL G. GULICK, JOHN H. GUNDLACH, ERNEST T. GUNTHORP, WALTER J. GWINN, WILLIAM R. Haas, MAURICE HAAS, Dr. RAOUL HADLEY, Mrs. EDWIN M. HAGEN, Mrs. DAISE HAGEN, FRED J. HAGENS, DR. GARRETT J. HAGGARD, JOHN D. HAGNER, FRED L. HAIGHT, GEORGE I. IH ATRS Mee. HAJICEK, RUDOLPH F. HALDEMAN, WALTER S. HALE, Mrs. SAMUEL HALE, WILLIAM B. HALL, DAVID W. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, Mrs. J. B. HALLMANN, AUGUST F. HALLMANN, HERMAN F. HALPERIN, AARON HAMILL, CHARLES H. HAMILL, Mrs. ERNEST A. HAMILL, ROBERT W. HAMILTON, THOMAS B. HAMLIN, PAUL D. HAMM, EDWARD F. HAMMERSCHMIDT, Mrs. GEORGE F. HAmMmITT, Miss FRANCES M. HAMMOND, THOMAS 8S. HAND, GEORGE W. HANLEY, HENRY L. HANSEN, Mrs. CARL HANSEN, JACOB W. HARBISON, L. C. HARDER, JOHN H. HARDIE, GEORGE F. HARDIN, JOHN H. HARDING, G. F. HARDING, JOHN COWDEN HARDING, RICHARD T. HARDINGE, FRANKLIN Harker, H. L. HARMS, JOHN V. D. HARPER, ALFRED C. HARRIS, DAVID J. HARRIS, GORDON L. Harris, H. B. Harris, Miss MARTHA E. Hart, Mrs. HERBERT L. Hart, WILLIAM N. HARTSHORN, KENNETH L. HARTWELL, FRED G. HARTWIG, OTTO J. HARVEY, HILLMAN H. HARVEY, RICHARD M. Harwoop, THOMAS W. HASKELL, Mrs. GEORGE E. HAUGAN, CHARLES M. HAUvGAN, Oscar H. HAVENS, SAMUEL M. HAYES, CHARLES M. HAYES, HAROLD C. Hayes, Miss MAry E. HAYNIE, Miss RACHEL W. Hays, Mrs. ARTHUR A. HAZLETT, DR. WILLIAM H. HEALY, Mrs. MARQUETTE A. HEANEY, Dr. N. SPROAT HEATON, Harry E. HEATON, HERMAN C. HEBERLEIN, Miss AMANDA F. HECK, JOHN HECKENDORF, R. A. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HEDBERG, HENRY E. HEIDKE, HERMAN L. HEIMAN, MARCUS HEINE, Mrs. ALBERT HEINEMAN, OSCAR HEINZELMAN, KARL HEINZEN, Mrs. CARL HELDMAIER, MISS MARIE HELFRICH, J. HOWARD HELLER, ALBERT ‘ HELLER, Mrs. WALTER E. HELLMAN, GEORGE A. HELLYER, WALTER HEMMENS, Mrs. WALTER P. HENDERSON, THOMAS B. G. HENKEL, FREDERICK W. HENLEY, EUGENE H. HENNINGS, Mrs. ABRAHAM J. HENRY, OTTO HENSHAW, Mrs. RAYMOND S. HERRICK, Miss LOUISE HERRICK, W. D. HERRON, JAMES C. HERRON, Mrs. OLLIE L. HERSHEY, J. CLARENCE HERTZ, MRS. FRED HERWIG, GEORGE HERWIG, WILLIAM D., JR. Hess, Mrs. CHARLES WILBUR HEuN, ARTHUR HEVERLY, EARL L. HEYWoRTH, Mrs. JAMES O. HIBBARD, Mrs. ANGUs S. HIBBARD, Mrs. W. G. HIGGINS, JOHN HIGGINS, JOHN W. HIGINBOTHAM, HARLOW D. HIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. HILDEBRAND, EUGENE, JR. HILDEBRAND, GRANT M. HILL, Mrs. LYSANDER HILL, WILLIAM E. HILLBRECHT, HERBERT E. HILLE, Dr. HERMANN HIuuis, DR. DAVID S. Himrop, Mrs. FRANK W. HINDMAN, BISCOE HINMAN, Mrs. ESTELLE §. HINRICHS, HENRY, JR. HINSBERG, STANLEY K. HINTON, E. W. HIRD, FREDERICK H. HirscH, Henry H. HirscuH, JACOB H. Hiscox, MORTON HISTED, J. ROLAND H1xon, ROBERT HOELSCHER, HERMAN M. HOFFMAN, GLEN T. HOFFMANN, Miss CAROLINE DICKINSON HOFFMANN, EDWARD HEMPSTEAD HOGAN, FRANK HOGAN, ROBERT E. HotmeErR, WILLIAM V. HOLDEN, EDWARD A. HOLLAND, DR. WILLIAM E. HOo.uuis, HENRY L. HOLLISTER, FRANCIS H. HOLMES, MISS HARRIET F. HOLMES, WILLIAM N. Hout, Miss ELLEN HomMAN, Miss BLossomM L. HONNOLD, DR. FRED C. Honsik, Mrs. JAMES M. Hoover, F. E. HOOVER, FRANK K. Hoover, Mrs. FRED W. Hoover, H. EARL HOOVER, Ray P. Hope, ALFRED S. HOPKINS, FARLEY HopkKINs, Mrs. JAMES M. HOPKINS, JOHN L. HoRAN, DENNIS A. HORCHER, WILLIAM W. HORNER, Dr. DAVID A. HorRNER, Mrs. MAURICE L., JR. Horst, Curt A. HorTON, GEORGE T. HorTON, HIRAM T. HorToN, HORACE B. HosBEIN, Louis H. HOSMER, PHILIP HOTTINGER, ADOLPH HowaArD, HAROLD A. HOWARD, WILLIS G. Howe, CHARLES ARTHUR Howe, CLINTON W. Howe, WARREN D. Howe, WILLIAM G. HOWELL, ALBERT S8. HOWELL, WILLIAM HoweEs, FRANK W. Howssg, RICHARD HoyNngE, FRANK G. HoyNE, THOMAS TEMPLE Hoyt, FREDERICK T. Hoyt, Mrs. PHELPS B. Huser, Dr. HARRY LEE Hupson, Mrs. H. NEWTON 476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII HupDSON, WALTER L. HUuDSON, WILLIAM E. Huey, Mrs. ARTHUR S. Hurr, THOMAS D. HUGHES, JOHN E. HUGHES, JOHN W. HULBERT, MRS. CHARLES PRATT HULBERT, Mrs. MILAN H. HULTGEN, DR. JACOB F. HuME, JOHN T. HUNCKE, HERBERT S. HUNCKE, OSWALD W. HUNTER, SAMUEL M. Hupp, N. L. HURLEY, EDWARD N., JR. Huston, W. L. HusTOoN, WARD T. HUSZAGH, RALPH D. HuszaGH, R. LERoy HUTCHINSON, FOYE P. HUTCHINSON, JOHN W. HUTCHINSON, SAMUEL S. HYNES, REv. J. A. IcKES, RAYMOND IDELMAN, BERNARD ILG, ROBERT A. INLANDER, SAMUEL IRONS, DR. ERNEST E. IsHAM, HENRY P. IVES, CLIFFORD E. JACKSON, ALLAN JACKSON, ARCHER L. JACKSON, ARTHUR S. JACKSON, W. J. JACOBI, MISS EMILY JACOBS, HYMAN A. JACOBS, JULIUS JACOBS, LOUIS G. JACOBS, SIEGFRIED T. JACOBSON, RAPHAEL JAEGER, GEORGE J., JR. JAFFE, DR. RICHARD HERMAN JAFFRAY, Mrs. DAVID S., JR. JAMES, EDWARD P. JAMES, WILLIAM R. JAMESON, CLARENCE W. JANUSCH, FRED W. JARCHOW, CHARLES C. JARRATT, MRS. WALTER J. JEFFERIES, F. L. JEFFERY, Mrs. THOMAS B. JENKINS, MRs. JOHN E. JENKINSON, Mrs. ARTHUR GILBERT JENKS, R. WILLIAM SHIPPEN JENNINGS, ODE D. JERGER, WILBUR JOSEPH JETZINGER, DAVID JIRKA, DR. FRANK J. JIRKA, DR. ROBERT JOHN, DR. FINDLEY D. JOHNSON, ALBERT M. JOHNSON, ALFRED JOHNSON, ALVIN O. JOHNSON, ARTHUR L. JOHNSON, Mrs. HARLEY ALDEN JOHNSON, JOSEPH F. JOHNSON, NELS E. JOHNSON, OLAF B. JOHNSON, Mrs. O. W. JOHNSON, PHILIP C. JOHNSON, ULYSSES G. JOHNSTON, ARTHUR C. JOHNSTON, EDWARD R. JOHNSTON, Mrs. HUBERT MCBEAN JOHNSTON, Mrs. M. L. JOHNSTONE, DR. A. RALPH JOHNSTONE, GEORGE A. JOHNSTONE, Dr. Mary M. S. JONES, ALBERT G. JONES, FRED B. JONES, G. H. JONES, JAMES B. JONES, DR. MARGARET M. JONES, MELVIN JONES, WARREN G. JOSEPH, LouIs L. Joy, Guy A. JOYCE, DAVID G. JOYCE, JOSEPH JUDAH, NOBLE BRANDON JUDAH, Mrs. NOBLE BRANDON JUERGENS, H. PAUL JUERGENS, WILLIAM F. JULIEN, VICTOR R. JUNKUNC, STEPHEN KAERCHER, A. W. KAHN, GUS KAHN, J. KESNER Kaun, LOUIS KAINE, JAMES B. KALACINSKI, Mrs. FELIX KANE, JEROME M. KAPLAN, NATHAN D. KARPEN, ADOLPH KASPAR, OTTO Katz, Mrs. SIDNEY L. KAUFFMAN, Mrs. R. K. JAN. 1931 KAUFFMANN, ALFRED KAVANAGH, MAURICE F. KEEHN, GEORGE W. KEEHN, Mrs. THEODORE C. L. KEENE, Mrs. JOSEPH KEENEY, A. F. KEHL, ROBERT JOSEPH KBITH, STANLEY KELLOGG, JOHN L. KELLOGG, Mrs. M. G. KELLY, EDWARD T. KELLY, JAMES J. Kemp, Mrs. E. M. KEMPNER, HARRY B. KEMPNER, STAN KENDRICK, JOHN F. KENNEDY, MIss LEONORE KENNELLY, MARTIN H. KENT, Dr. O. B. KEOGH, GORDON E. KERN, TRUDE KESNER, JACOB L. KILBOURNE, L. B. KILE, Miss JESSIE J. KIMBARK, Mrs. EUGENE UNDERWOOD KIMBARK, JOHN R. KING, JOSEPH H. KINGMAN, Mrs. ARTHUR G. KINNEY, Mrs. MINNIE B. KINSEY, FRANK KINTZEL, RICHARD Kipp, CARL P. KIRCHER, REV. JULIUS KIRCHHEIMER, MAX KIRKLAND, Mrs. WEYMOUTH KITTREDGE, R. J. KITZELMAN, OTTO KLEE, NATHAN KLEIN, HENRY A. KLEIN, Mrs. SAMUEL KLEIST, Mrs. HARRY KLEPPINGER, WILLIAM H., JR. KLEUTGEN, Dr. ARTHUR C. KLINE, SOL KLINETOP, Mrs. CHARLES W. KuInkK, A. F. Knox, Harry S. KNUTSON, G. H. Kocu, PAuL W. Kocus, Mrs. ROBERT T. Kou, Mrs. CAROLINE L. KOHLER, ERIC L. KOHLSAAT, EDWARD C. Komiss, DAVID S. KONSBERG, ALVIN V. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AT7 Kopr, WILLIAM P. KOSsoBUD, WILLIAM F. KOTAL, JOHN A. KoTIN, GEORGE N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. KOVAC, STEFAN KRABER, MRS. FREDERICKA KRrarFt, C. H. KRAFT, JAMES L. KRAFT, NORMAN KRALOVEC, EmMIL G. KRALOVEC, Mrs. OTTO J. KRAMER, LEROY KRAUS, PETER J. KRAUSE, JOHN J. KRETSCHMER, DR. HERMAN L. KRETZINGER, GEORGE W., JR. KRITCHEVSKY, DR. WOLFF KROEHL, HOWARD KROHMER, WILLIAM F. Kroprr, C. G. Krost, Dr. GERARD N. KRUEGER, LEOPOLD A. KRUTCKOFF, CHARLES KUEBN, A. L. Kuu, Mrs. EDWIN J., JR. KUHL, HARRY J. KUHN, FREDERICK KuBN, Dr. HEDWIG S. KUNSTADTER, A. KURTZON, MORRIS Lacey, Miss EpitH M. LACKOWSKI, FRANK E. LAFLIN, Mrs. LOUIS E. LAFLIN, LOUIS E., JR. LAGUSKE, Mrs. CHESTER LAMPERT, Mrs. LYDIA LAMPERT, WILSON W. LAMSON, W. A. LANAHAN, Mrs. M. J. LANDRY, ALVAR A. LANE, F. HOWARD LANE, Ray E. LANE, WALLACE R. LANG, EDWARD J. LaAnc, Mrs. W. J. LANGE, Mrs. AUGUST LANGENBACH, MRs. ALICE R. LANGHORNE, GEORGE TAYLOE LANGLAND, JAMES LANGWORTHY, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN LANSINGER, Mrs. JOHN M. LARIMER, HowaArbp S. LARSON, Bror O. 478 FIELD MusEUM oF NATURAL HIsToRY—REPoRTS, VOL. VIII LASKER, ALBERT D. Lau, MAx LAUREN, NEWTON B. LAURITZEN, C. M. LAUTER, MRS. VERA LAUTMANN, HERBERT M. LAVEZZORIO, Mrs. J. B. LAWLESS, DR. THEODORE K. LAWRENCE, W. J. Lawson, A. J. LAWSON, Mrs. IVER N. LAWTON, FRANK W. LAYLANDER, O. J. LEAHY, THOMAS F. LEARNED, EDWIN J. LEAVELL, JAMES R. LEAVITT, Mrs. WELLINGTON LEBENSOHN, DR. MAYER H. LEBOLT, JOHN MICHAEL LEDERER, DR. FRANCIS L. LEFENS, Miss KATHERINE J. LEFENS, WALTER C. LEHMANN, Miss AuaustTA E. LEICHENKO, PETER M. LEISTNER, OSCAR LELAND, Miss ALICE J. LEMoov, A. R. LENZ, J. MAYO LEONARD, ARTHUR G. LEONARD, ARTHUR T. LEOPOLD, FOREMAN N. LESLIE, JOHN H. LETTS, Mrs. FRANK C. LEVAN, REv. THOMAS F. LEVERONE, LOUIS E. LEVINSON, Mrs. SALMON O. LEVITAN, BENJAMIN LEVITETZ, NATHAN Levy, ALEXANDER M. Levy, ARTHUR G. LEWIS, DAVID R. Lewy, Dr. ALFRED LIBBY, Mrs. C. P. LIEBMAN, A. J. LILLIE, FRANK R. LINDAHL, Mrs. EDWARD J. LINDEN, JOHN A. LINDENBERG, ALBERT LINDHEIMER, B. F. LINDHOLM, CHARLES V. LINDLEY, Mrs. ARTHUR F. LINDQUIST, J. E. LINGLE, BOWMAN C. LINTON, BEN B. LIPMAN, ROBERT R. Liss, SAMUEL LITTLER, Harry E., JR. LIVINGSTON, JULIAN M. LIVINGSTON, Mrs. MILTON L. LLEWELLYN, PAUL LLEWELLYN, MRs. S. J. LLOYD, EDWARD W. LLOYD, WILLIAM Bross LOBDELL, Mrs. EDWIN L. Lockwoop, W. 8. LOEB, HAMILTON M. LOEB, JACOB M. LoEB, LEo A. LOESCH, FRANK J. LOEWENBERG, I. 8. LOEWENBERG, M. L. LOEWENSTEIN, SIDNEY LOEWENTHAL, RICHARD J. LOGAN, JOHN I. Lonc, Mrs. JOSEPH B. LONG, WILLIAM E. LorRD, ARTHUR R. LorpD, Mrs. RUSSELL Loucks, CHARLES O. LOUDERBACK, WILLIAM J., JR. LovuER, ALBERT S. LOVE, CHASE W. LOVELL, WILLIAM H. LOVGREN, CARL LOWNIK, DR. FELIX J. Lucas, Mrs. ROBERT M. LucEY, PATRICK J. LUDINGTON, NELSON J. LUDOLPH, WILBUR M. LUEDER, ARTHUR C. LuEHR, DR. EDWARD LUFKIN, WALLACE W. LurRIA, HERBERT A. Lurin, H. J. LUSTGARTEN, SAMUEL LUTTER, HENRY J., SR. Lypon, Mrs. WILLIAM A. LYFORD, Harry B. LYFORD, WILL H. LYMAN, THOMAS T. LYNCH, WILLIAM JOSEPH LYNNE, Mrs. ARCHIBALD LYON, CHARLES H. Lyon, FRANK R. Lyon, Mrs. THOMAS R. Maass, J. EDWARD MABEE, Mrs. MELBOURNE MACCARDLE, H. B. MacDoucat., Mrs. T. W. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR MACKEY, FRANK J. MACKINSON, DR. JOHN C. MACLELLAN, K. F. MAGAN, MISS JANE A. MAGEE, HENRY W. MAGILL, HENRY P. MAGILL, ROBERT M. MAGNUS, ALBERT, JR. Maenus, Aucust C. MacGNus, EDWARD Macwire, Mrs. Mary F. MAHER, Mrs. D. W. MAIN, WALTER D. MALONE, WILLIAM H. MANASTER, HARRY MANDEL, Mrs. AARON W. MANDEL, Mrs. BABETTE F. MANDEL, EDWIN F. MANDEL, MRS. FREDERICK MANDL, SIDNEY MANIERRE, FRANCIS E. MANIERRE, LOUIS MANN, ALBERT C. MANN, JOHN P. MANNHEIMER, Mrs. MORTON MANSON, DAVID MANSURE, EDMUND L. MARHOEFER, EDWARD H. Mark, ANSON Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Marks, ARNOLD K. Marauis, A. N. MARRIOTT, ABRAHAM R. Mars, G. C. Marsu, A. FLETCHER Mars, JOHN P. MarsH, Mrs. MARSHALL 8. MartTIN, Mrs. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, SAMUEL H. MarRTIN, W. B. MARTIN, WELLS MARX, FREDERICK Z. MARZLUFF, FRANK W. MARZOLA, LEO A. MASON, WILLARD J. MaASsSEB, B. A. MASSEY, PETER J. MATHESIUS, Mrs. WALTHER MATSON, J. EDWARD MATTER, MRs. JOHN MATTHIESSEN, FRANK MATTHIESSEN, Mrs. PECK- Matz, Mrs. RUDOLPH MAURAN, CHARLES S. MAURER, DR. SIEGFRIED MAXWELL, LLOYD R. MAYER, Mrs. DAvID Mayer, Isaac H. MAYER, THEODORE S. McAULEY, JOHN E. McBIrRNEY, Mrs. Hues J. McBripDE, Mrs. WALTER J. McCartTHy, EDMOND J. McCarTHY, JOSEPH W. MCCLELLAN, Dr. JoHN H. McCuuer, W. B. McCuun, JoHn M. McCorp, DOWNER McCorMACK, PROFESSOR H. McCormick, Mrs. ALEXANDER A. McCormick, Mrs. CHAUNCEY McCormick, Howarp H. McCormick, L. HAMILTON McCormick, LEANDER J. McCormick, RoBEerT H., JR. McCoy, HERBERT N. McCRACKEN, MIss WILLIETTA McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCreapy, Mrs. E. W. McDouGA., Mrs. JAMEs B. McDouaa., Mrs. RoBERT McDOouGALL, Mrs. ARTHUR R. McERLEAN, CHARLES V. McGraw, Max McGurn, MATHEW S. McHueu, Mrs. GROVER McINTOsH, ARTHUR T. McInTosH, Mrs. WALTER G. McIver, DANA T. McKay, JAMES M. McKEEVER, BUEL McKINNEY, Mrs. HAYES McLaury, WALKER G. McLENNAN, Mrs. JoHN A. McMILLAN, JOHN McMILLAN, W. B. McMILLAN, WILLIAM M. McNamara, LOUIS G. MCNULTY, JOSEPH D. McQuarRrig, Mrs. FANNIE MEDSKER, DR. ORA L. MEHRING, GEORGE MELCHIONE, JOSEPH MELENDY, Dr. R. A. MELNICK, LEOPOLD B. MERRILL, HENRY S. MERRILL, JAMES S. MERRILL, WILLIAM W. MERZ, EDWARD E. METz, Dr. A. R. 480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Mbyer, Mrs. A. H. MEYER, ABRAHAM MEYER, ABRAHAM W. MEYER, ALBERT MEYER, E. F. MEYER, OSCAR MEYER, SAM R. MEYER, WILLIAM MEYERCORD, G. R. MICKELBERRY, MRS. CHARLES M. MipowIicz, C. E. MILHENING, FRANK MILHENING, JOSEPH MILLER, CHARLES B. MILLER, Mrs. CLAYTON W. MILLER, Mrs. DARIUS Miter, Mrs. F. H. MILLER, HYMAN MILLER, JOHN S., JR. MILLER, Dr. JOSEPH L. MILLER, Oscar C. MILLER, WALTER E. MILLER, Mrs. WALTER H. MILLER, WILLIAM E. MILLER, WILLIAM 8. MILs, ALLEN G. MILLS, JOHN, SR. MIneR, Dr. CARL Miner, H. J. MITCHELL, CHARLES D. MITCHELL, JOHN J. MITCHELL, MRS. JOHN J. MITCHELL, LEEDS MITCHELL, OLIVER Mock, Dr. Harry EDGAR MODERWELL, C. M. MOELLER, REV. HERMAN H. MOoENG, Mrs. EDwarp D. Morratt, Mrs. ELIZABETH M. Mour, ALBERT Mour, WILLIAM J. Mo.Luoy, DAvip J. Mo.tz, Mrs. ALICE MONHEIMER, HENRY I... MONROE, WILLIAM S. MONTGOMERY, Dr. ALBERT H. Moopy, Mrs. WILLIAM VAUGHN Moors, C. B. Moore, PHILIP WYATT Moos, JOSEPH B. MoRAN, BRIAN T. Moran, Miss MARGARET MORAND, SIMON J. More, ROLAND R. Morey, CHARLES W. Morr, F. WILLIAM MoRGAN, ALDEN K. MorGAN, Mrs. KENDRICK FE. MorRRILL, NAHUM Morris, EDWARD H. Morris, F. C. Morris, Mrs. SEYMOUR MORRISON, Mrs. CHARLES E. MorRISON, Mrs. HARRY MorRRISON, JAMES C. MorRISsoNn, MATTHEW A. MORRISSON, JAMES W. Morse, Mrs. CHARLES J. Morsk, LELAND R. Morss, Mrs. MILTON Morsk, ROBERT H. MORTENSON, Mrs. JACOB MORTON, STERLING MORTON, WILLIAM MorRIS Mosgs, HowArp A. Moss, JEROME A. Mouat, ANDREW Mowry, Louis C. MupcgE, Mrs. JOHN B. MUEHLSTEIN, Mrs. CHARLES MUELLER, A. M. MUELLER, J. HERBERT MUELLER, PAUL H. MULFORD, Miss MELINDA JANE MULHOLAND, WILLIAM H. MURPHY, JOHN P. V. MURPHY, ROBERT E. MUSSELMAN, DR. GEORGE H. NABER, HENRY G. NADLER, DR. WALTER H. NASH, CHARLES J. NASON, ALBERT J. NATHAN, CLAUDE NAUGLE, Mrs. ARCHIBALD NEELY, MIss CARRIE BLAIR NEFF, NETTELTON NEHLS, ARTHUR L. NELLEGAR, Mrs. JAy C. NELSON, CHARLES G. NELSON, DONALD M. NELSON, EDWARD A. NELSON, FRANK G. NELSON, MURRY NELSON, NILs A. NELSON, N. J. NELSON, Mrs. OLIVER R. NELSON, VICTOR W. NEU, CLARENCE L. NEUFFER, PAUL A. JAN. 1931 NEWHALL, R. FRANK NICHOLS, GEORGE P. NICHOLS, Mrs. GEORGE R. NICHOLS, Mrs. GEORGE R., JR. NICHOLS, J. C. NICHOLS, S. F. NICHOLS, WARREN NICHOLSON, THOMAS G. NOBLE, ORLANDO NOELLE, JOSEPH B. NOLLAU, Miss EMMA NOONAN, EDWARD J. NORCROSS, FREDERIC F. Norris, Mrs. LESTER Norris, Mrs. WILLIAM W. NorTon, Mrs. O. W. Norton, R. H. NOVAK, CHARLES J. Noyes, ALLAN S. Noyes, Davin A. Noyes, Mrs. May WELLS NusBAUM, MRs. CARL B. NYMAN, DR. JOHN EGBERT OBERFELDER, HERBERT M. OBERFELDER, WALTER S. O’BRIEN, FRANK J. O’BRIEN, Mrs. WILLIAM VINCENT, JR. ODELL, WILLIAM R. O’DONNELL, Miss ROSE Orr, MRS. CLIFFORD OFFIELD, JAMES R. OGLESBEE, NATHAN H. O’KEEFE, Mrs. DENNIS D. OxucoTT, Mrs. HENRY G. OLDEFEST, EDWARD G. OLIVER, F. S. OLIVER, GENE G. OLIVER, Mrs. PAUL OLSEN, GUSTAF Omo, Don L. OPPENHEIMER, ALFRED OPPENHEIMER, Mrs. HARRY D. OPPENHEIMER, JULIUS ORNDOFF, DR. BENJAMIN H. O’RouRKE, ALBERT Orr, Mrs. ROBERT C. ORTHAL, A. J. ORTMAYER, DR. MARIE OSBORN, THEODORE L. OSTROM, CHARLES S. Ostrom, Mrs. JAMES AUGUSTUS Otis, Miss EMmILy H. OTIS, J. SANFORD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OTIS, JOSEPH E. OTIS, JOSEPH EDWARD, JR. Otis, Lucius J. OTIS, R. C. OTIS, RAYMOND OTIs, STUART H. OTIS, MRS. XAVIER L. OUSKA, JOHN A. PAASCHE, JENS A. Pack, J. MADISON PACKARD, DR. ROLio K. PAEPCKE, MRS. ELIZABETH J. PAEPCKE, WALTER P. PAGE, Mrs. WILLIAM R. PAGE-WoOoD, GERALD PAGIN, Mrs. FRANK S. PALMER, PERCIVAL B. Pam, MISS CARRIE PARDRIDGE, ALBERT J. PARDRIDGE, MRs. E. W. Park, R. E. PARKER, FRANK B. PARKER, NORMAN S. PARKER, DR. RALPH W. PARKER, TROY L. PARKS, C. R. PASCHEN, Mrs. ANNETTE A. PASCHEN, Mrs. HENRY PATRICK, MISS CATHERINE PATRICK, Dr. HucuH T. PAULING, EDWARD G. PEABODY, Mrs. FRANCIS S. PEABODY, Howarp B. PEABODY, MIss SUSAN W. PEACOCK, ROBERT E. PEACOCK, WALTER C. PEARSE, LANGDON PEARSON, F. W. PEARSON, GEORGE ALBERT, JR. PEET, Mrs. BELLE G. PEET, FRED N. PEIRCE, ALBERT FE. PELLEY, JOHN J. PELTIER, M. F. PENDELL, CHARLES W. PERCY, DR. NELSON MORTIMER PERKINS, A. T. PERKINS, Mrs. HERBERT F. PERRY, DR. ETHEL B. PERRY, I. NEWTON PETER, WILLIAM F. PETERKIN, DANIEL PETERS, HARRY A. PETERSEN, DR. WILLIAM F, 481 482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VIII PETERSON, ALBERT PETERSON, ALEXANDER B. PETERSON, AXEL A. PETERSON, JURGEN PETRU, E. J. PFLAUM, A. J. PFLOCK, DR. JOHN J. PHELPS, Mrs. W. L. PHEMISTER, DR. D. B. PHILLIP, PETER PHILLIPS, HERBERT MORROW PICHER, MRS. OLIVER S. Pick, ALBERT, JR. Pick, GEORGE PIERCE, J. NORMAN PIERCE, PAUL PINTER, Mrs. ISABELLE SEGERSTEN PIOTROWSKI, NICHOLAS L. PIrRIE, Mrs. JOHN T. PitcHEeR, Mrs. HENRY L. PLapPp, Miss Doris A. PLATT, HENRY RUSSELL PLATT, Mrs. ROBERT S. PLUNKETT, WILLIAM H. PoDELL, Mrs. BEATRICE HAYES PoLk, Mrs. STELLA F. PoLLock, Dr. Harry L. Pomeroy, Mrs. FRANK W. Ponp, IrvinG K. Poot, MARVIN B. Poot, Mrs. W. CLoyD Poo.Le, Mrs. FREDERICK ARTHUR POOLE, GEORGE A. PooLe, Mrs. RALPH H. Poor, FRED A. Poor, Mrs. FRED A. Pope, FRANK Pope, HENRY, SR. Pore, HERBERT POPPENHAGEN, HENRY PorTER, Mrs. FRANK 8. PorTER, HENRY H., JR. PORTER, JAMES F. PORTERFIELD, Mrs. JOHN F. PosT, FREDERICK, JR. Post, GORDON W. Post, Mrs. PHILIP SIDNEY POTTENGER, WILLIAM A. POWELL, Mrs. AMBROSE V. POWELL, ISAAC N. PRAHL, FREDERICK A. PRATT, Mrs. WILLIAM E. PRIMLEY, WALTER S. PRINCE, LEONARD M. PRUSSING, Mrs. GEORGE C. Psota, Dr. FRANK J. PULVER, HuGo PURCELL, JOSEPH D. PusgEy, Dr. WILLIAM ALLEN PuTNAM, Miss MABEL C. QUIGLEY, WILLIAM J. QUINLAN, DR. WILLIAM W. RaDAvU, HuGo RADFORD, Mrs. W.A., JR. RarFr, Mrs. ARTHUR RAFTREE, Miss JULIA M. RANDALL, CHARLES P. RANDALL, REV. EDWIN J. RANDALL, IRVING RANDLE, Guy D. RANDLE, HANSON F. RASCHKE, Dr. E. H. RASMUSSEN, GEORGE Ray, HAt S. RAYMOND, Mrs. Howarp D. Razim, A. J. REACH, BENJAMIN REDINGTON, F. B. REDINGTON, Mrs. W. H. REED, Mrs. KERSEY COATES REED, Norris H. REED, Mrs. PHILIP L. REEVE, Mrs. EARL REEVE, FREDERICK E. REGENSTEINER, THEODORE REGNERY, WILLIAM H. REHM, FRANK A. REHM, WILLIAM H. ReEIcH, Miss ANNIE REICHMANN, ALEXANDER F. REID, Mrs. BRYAN REITER, JOSEPH J. RENSHAW, Mrs. CHARLES RENWICK, EDWARD A. Rew, Mrs. IRWIN REYNOLDS, Mrs. J. J. Rick, ARTHUR L. RIcE, GEORGE L. RIcE, LAWRENCE A. RIcH, EDWARD P. RICHARDS, J. DEFOREST RICHARDSON, Guy A. RICHTER, Mrs. ADELYN W. RICHTER, BRUNO RICKCORDS, FRANCIS 8. RICKETTS, C. LINDSAY RIDDLE, HERBERT H. RIDGEWAY, E. RIDGWAY, WILLIAM JAN. 1931 RIEMENSCHNEIDER, Mrs. J. H. Rigs, Dr. EMIL RIESER, Mrs. HERMAN RIETZ, ELMER W. RIETZ, WALTER H. RIGNEY, WILLIAM T. RINALDO, PHILIP S. RINDER, E. W. RING, Miss Mary E. RIPSTRA, J. HENRI RITTENHOUSE, CHARLES J. RoacH, CHARLES ROBERTS, CLARK T. ROBERTS, JOHN M. ROBERTS, S. M. ROBERTS, Mrs. WARREN R. ROBERTS, WILLIAM MUNSELL ROBINSON, Mrs. MILTON E., Sr. Rosson, Mrs. SARAH C. RocHE, Miss EMILY ROCKWELL, HAROLD H. RODERICK, SOLOMON P. RopceErs, Dr. DAVID C. RODMAN, THOMAS CLIFFORD ROEHLING, C. E. ROEHLING, Mrs. OTTO G. ROEHM, GEORGE R. RoGeErsS, Miss ANNIE T. ROGERS, BERNARD F. RoGErs, DR. CAssIusS C. ROGERS, JOSEPH E. ROLOSON, ROBERT M. Romer, Miss DAGMAR E. ROMPEL, Mrs. WALTER Root, JOHN W. Rossen, M. R. ROSENBAUM, MRs. EDWIN S. ROSENFIELD, MRS. MAURICE ROSENFIELD, WILLIAM M. ROSENTHAL, JAMES ROSENTHAL, LESSING Ross, CHARLES S. Ross, ROBERT C. Ross, Mrs. ROBERT E. Ross, THOMPSON Ross, WALTER 8. Rotu, AARON RotH, Mrs. MARGIT HOCHSINGER ROTHACKER, WATTERSON R. ROTHSCHILD, GEORGE WILLIAM ROTHSCHILD, MAURICE L. ROTHSCHILD, MELVILLE N. ROWE, EDGAR C. ROZELLE, Mrs. EMMA RUBEL, DR. MAURICE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR RUBENS, Mrs. CHARLES RUBOVITS, TOBY RUCKELHAUSEN, Mrs. HENRY RUECKHEIM, F. W. RUECKHEIM, Miss LILLIAN RUEL, JOHN G. RUSHTON, JOSEPH A. RUSSELL, DR. J. W. RUSSELL, PAUL S. RUTLEDGE, GEORGE E. RYERSON, JOSEPH T. SACKLEY, Mrs. JAMES A. SAGE, W. OTIS SALISBURY, Mrs. WARREN M. SALMON, Mrs. E. D. SAMMONS, WHEELER SANDIDGE, MIss DAISY SARDESON, ORVILLE A. SARGENT, CHESTER F’. SARGENT, JOHN R. W. SARGENT, RALPH SAUER, WILLIAM A. SAUTER, FRED J. SAUTER, LEONARD J. SAWYER, DR. ALVAH L. SCHACHT, JOHN H. SCHAFFER, Dr. DAVID N. SCHAFFNER, MRs. JOSEPH SCHAFFNER, ROBERT C. SCHEIDENHELM, EDWARD L. SCHERMERHORN, W. I. SCHEUNEMANN, ROBERT G. SCHLAKE, WILLIAM SCHMIDT, DR. CHARLES L. SCHMIDT, Mrs. MINNA SCHMITZ, Dr. HENRY SCHMITZ, NICHOLAS J. SCHMUTZ, Mrs. ANNA SCHNEIDER, F. P. SCHNERING, OTTO Y. SCHNUR, RUTH A. SCHRAM, Harry S. SCHREINER, S. SCHROEDER, DR. GEORGE H. SCHUKRAFT, WILLIAM SCHULMAN, A. S. SCHULZE, Mrs. MATHILDE SCHULZE, WILLIAM SCHUPP, PHILIP C. SCHUYLER, Mrs. DANIEL J., JR. SCHWANKE, ARTHUR SCHWARTZ, CHARLES K. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES P. SCHWARZ, HERBERT 483 484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII SCHWARZHAUPT, EMIL SCLANDERS, Mrs. ALEXANDER Scott, FRANK H. Scott, ROBERT L. SCOVILLE, C. B. Scu.L.y, Mrs. D. B., SR. SEAMAN, GEORGE M. SEAMES, Mrs. CHARLES O. SEARS, J. ALDEN SEARS, RICHARD W., JR. SEAVER, A. E. SEAVERNS, GEORGE A. SEE, Dr. AGNES CHESTER SEEBERGER, Miss Dora A. SEEBURG, JUSTUS P. SEIP, EMIL G. SEIPP, CLARENCE T. SEIPP, EDWIN A. SEIPP, WILLIAM C. SELLO, GEORGE W. SENCENBAUGH, Mrs. G. W. SENG, FRANK J. SENG, J. T. SENG, V. J. SENNE, JOHN A. SHAFFER, CARROLL SHAFFER, CHARLES B. SHAMBAUGH, DR. GEORGE E. SHANESY, RALPH D. SHANNON, ANGUS R. SHAPIRO, MEYER SHARPE, N. M. SHAW, ALFRED P. SHaw, Mrs. HowArpD SHAW, THEODORE A. SHEEHY, EDWARD SHELDON, JAMES M. SHELTON, Dr. W. EUGENE SHEPHERD, MRs. EDITH P. SHERIDAN, ALBERT D. SHIELDS, JAMES CULVER SHILLESTAD, JOHN N. SHIRE, MosEs E. SHOAN, NELS SHOCKEY, Mrs. WILLIS G. SHOREY, CLYDE E. SHoup, A. D. SHuMWAY, Mrs. EDWARD DEWITT SHUMWAY, P. R. SHUTZ, ALBERT E. SIGMAN, LEON SILANDER, A. I. SILBERMAN, CHARLES SILBERMAN, DAVID B. SILBERMAN, HUBERT S. SILLS, CLARENCE W. SILVERTHORNE, GEO. M. SIMOND, ROBERT E. SIMONDS, J. P. SIMONDS, O. C. SIMONEK, Dr. B. K. SINCERE, BENJAMIN SINCLAIR, DR. J. FRANK SINDEN, HENRY P. SINGER, Mrs. MortTIMER H. SITZER, Dr. L. GRACE POWELL SMITH, Mrs. C. R. SMITH, Mrs. EMERY J. SMITH, MRS. FRANK S. SMITH, FRANKLIN P. SMITH, HAROLD BYRON SMITH, JENS SMITH, JESSE E. SMITH, Mrs. KATHERINE WALKER SMITH, SAMUEL K. SMITH, SIDNEY SMITH, Mrs. THEODORE WHITE SMITH, WALTER BOURNE SMITH, WALTER BYRON SMITH, Mrs. WILLIAM A. SMITH, Z. EROL SMULLAN, ALEXANDER SNow, EpGAR M. SNOW, FRED A. SOCRATES, NICHOLAS SoLEM, DR. GEORGE O. SOMERVILLE, ROBERT SONNENSCHEIN, EDWARD SONNENSCHEIN, HuGo SONNENSCHEIN, DR. ROBERT SONNEVELD, JACOB SoPER, HENRY M. SOPKIN, Mrs. SETIA H. SORAVIA, JOSEPH SORENSEN, JAMES SPIEGEL, Mrs. MAE O. SPINDLER, OSCAR SPITZ, JOEL SPITZ, LEO SPITZGLASS, Mrs. LEONARD M. SPOHN, JOHN F. Spoor, MRs. JOHN A. SPRAGUE, DR. JOHN P. SPRINGER, MRS. SAMUEL SQUIRES, JOHN G. STALEY, Miss Mary B. STANTON, EDGAR STANTON, Dr. E. M., Sr. STANTON, HENRY T. STARRELS, JOEL JAN. 1931 STEFFENS, RALPH SUTHERLAND STEFFEY, DAVID R. STEIN, BENJAMIN F. STEIN, DR. IRVING STEIN, L. MONTEFIORE STEIN, SAMUEL M. STENSON, FRANK R. STEPHENS, W. C. STERBA, DR. JOSEPH V. STERN, ALFRED WHITAL STERN, DAVID B. STERN, FELIX STERN, MAURICE S. STERN, OscaR D. STEVENS, DELMAR A. STEVENS, EDWARD J. STEVENS, ELMER T. STEVENS, HAROLD L. STEVENS, JAMES W. STEVENS, Mrs. JAMES W. STEVENS, R. G. STEVENS, RAYMOND W. STEVENSON, Dr. ALEXANDER F. STEVENSON, E. STEWART, Miss AGNES N. STEWART, MISS EGLANTINE DAISY STEWART, JAMES S. STEWART, MISS MERCEDES GRAEME STIBOLT, Mrs. CARL B. STIRLING, Miss DOROTHY STONE, MRS. JACOB S. STRANDBERG, ERIK P., SR. STRAUS, DAVID STRAUS, MARTIN L. STRAUS, MELVIN L. STRAUS, S. J. T. STRAUSS, Dr. ALFRED A. STRAUSS, HENRY X. STRAUSS, JOHN L. STREET, Mrs. CHARLES A. STROBEL, CHARLES L. STROMBERG, CHARLES J. STRONG, EDMUND H. STRONG, WALTER A. StrRoTzZ, HAROLD C. STRUBY, Mrs. WALTER V. STULIK, DR. CHARLES STURGES, HOLLISTER STURGES, SOLOMON STURTEVANT, HENRY D. SuEKOFF, Louts A. SULLIVAN, Hon. JOHN J. SULZBERGER, FRANK L. SUMNER, STEPHEN C. SUTCLIFFE, Mrs. GARY ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 485 SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM SwAN, Oscar H. SWANSON, JOSEPH E. SWARTCHILD, EDWARD G. SWARTCHILD, WILLIAM G. SWENSON, §. P. O. SWIFT, ALDEN B. SWIFT, EDWARD F., JR. SyYKES, Mrs. WILFRED TAFT, JOHN H. TARRANT, ROBERT TATGE, Mrs. GUSTAVUS J. TAYLOR, CHARLES C. TAYLOR, GEORGE HALLECK TAYLOR, J. H. TEMPLETON, STUART J. TEMPLETON, MRs. W. TEMPLETON, WALTER L. TENNEY, HORACE KENT TERRY, Foss BELL TETER, LUCIUS THATCHER, E\VERETT A. THEOBALD, DR. JOHN J. THOMAS, EDWARD H. THOMAS, EMMET A. THOMAS, FRANK W. THOMAS, Mrs. Harry L. THOMAS, DR. WILLIAM A. THOMPSON, ARTHUR H. THOMPSON, CHARLES FE. THOMPSON, CHARLES F. THOMPSON, EDWARD F. THOMPSON, DR. GEORGE F. THOMPSON, Mrs. JOHN R. THOMPSON, JOHN R., JR. THOMPSON, Mrs. LEVERETT THORNE, HALLETT W. THORNE, JAMES W. THORNTON, CHARLES 8. THORNTON, DR. FRANCIS E. THORP, HARRY W. THRESHER, C. J. THULIN, F. A. TIGHE, Mrs. B. G. TILDEN, AVERILL TILDEN, LOUIS EDWARD TILT, CHARLES A. TOBIAS, CLAYTON H. TORBET, A. W. TOUCHSTONE, JOHN HENRY TOWLE, LEROY C. TOWLER, KENNETH F. TOWNE, Mrs. ARTHUR F. TOWNE, Mrs. JOHN D. G. 486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII TRAINER, J. MILTON TRAYLOR, Mrs. DorotTuy J. TREDWELL, JOHN TRENCH, MRS. DANIEL G. TRIPP, CHESTER D. TROMBLY, DR. F. F. TROWBRIDGE, RAYMOND W. TRUDE, Mrs. MArK W. TURNER, ALFRED M. TURNER, DR. B. S. TURNER, MRS. CHARLTON A. TURNER, TRACY L. TUTHILL, Mrs. WILLIAM H. TUTTLE, F. B. TUTTLE, HENRY EMERSON TUTTLE, Mrs. HENRY N. TYLER, ALBERT S. TYLER, ORSON K. TYRRELL, Mrs. PERCY UHLMANN, FRED ULLMAN, Mrs. N. J. UPuHAM, MRS. FREDERIC VALENTINE, JOSEPH L. VALENTINE, Mrs. May L. VALENTINE, PATRICK A. VANCLEEF, Mrs. NOAH VANCLEEF, PAUL VANDEVENTER, CHRISTOPHER VANNESS, GARDINER B. VANSCHAICK, GERARD VANZWOLL, HENRY B. VAUGHAN, LEONARD H. VAWTER, WILLIAM A., II VEEDER, Mrs. HENRY VEEDER, Miss JESSIE VEHE, Dr. K. L. VEHON, MorrIs VEHON, WILLIAM H. VIAL, CHARLES H. VIAL, Miss Mary M. VICKERY, Miss MABEL S. VicToR, MRs. JESSIE K. VIERLING, LOUIS VINCENT, Mrs. WILLIAM WATKINS Vo.icas, Dr. JOHN N. VoLkK, Mrs. JOHN H. VoNCo.LpiTz, Dr. G. THOMSEN- VoONGLAHN, Mrs. AUGUST VOORHEES, Mrs. CONDIT VOPICKA, CHARLES J. WAGNER, FRITZ, JR. WAGNER, Dr. G. W. WAGNER, JOHN E. WAGNER, Mrs. Mary G. WALGREEN, Mrs. CHARLES R. WALKER, JAMES WALKER, MRS. PAUL WALKER, WILLIAM E. WALLACE, R. Y. WALLACE, WALTER F. WALLER, E. C. WALLER, H. P. WALLER, J. ALEXANDER WALLER, MRS. JAMES B. WALLER, JAMES B., JR. WALLERICH, GEORGE W. WALLOVICK, J. H. WANNER, Mrs. HENRY J. WARD, EDWARD J. E. WARD, Mrs. N. C. Ware, Mrs. LYMAN WARFIELD, EDWIN A. WARREN, ALLYN D. WARREN, J. LATHAM WARREN, PAUL C. WARREN, WALTER G. WARWICK, W. E. WASHBURNE, CLARKE WASHBURNE, HEMPSTEAD, JR. WASHINGTON, LAURENCE W. WASSELL, JOSEPH WATERMAN, Dr. A. H. Watts, Harry C. WAuvD, E. P. WAYMAN, CHARLES A. G. WEAN, FRANK L. WEAVER, CHARLES A. WEBB, GEORGE D. WEBB, Mrs. THOMAS J. WEBER, BERNARD F. WEBER, FRANK C. WEBSTER, ARTHUR L. WEBSTER, Miss HELEN R. WEBSTER, DR. RALPH W. WEDELSTAEDT, H. A. WEIL, ISIDOR WEIL, MARTIN WEILER, RUDOLPH WEINSTEIN, Dr. M. L. WEINZELBAUM, LOUIS L. WEISBROD, BENJAMIN H. WEIss, Mrs. MORTON WEISSENBACH, Mrs. MINNA K. WEISSKOPF, MAURICE J. WEIsskopr, Dr. Max A. WELLS, ARTHUR G. WELLS, ARTHUR H. WELLS, Harry L. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR WELLS, JOHN E. WELLS, PRESTON A. WELLS, THOMAS E. WELLS, Mrs. THOMAS E. WENDELL, BARRETT, JR. WENTWORTH, Mrs. Mosss J. WERMUTH, WILLIAM C. WERNER, FRANK A. WEsT, J. Roy WEsT, Miss Mary SYLVIA WESTERFELD, SIMON WESTRICH, Miss T. C. WETTEN, ALBERT H. WETTLING, LOUIS E. WEYMER, EARL M. WHEALAN, EMMETT WHEELER, GEORGE A. WHEELER, LEO W. WHEELER, LESLIE WHEELER, Mrs. ROBERT C. WHINERY, CHARLES C. WHITE, HAROLD F. WHITE, Mrs. JAMES C. WHITE, JAMES E. WHITE, JOSEPH J. WHITE, RICHARD T. WHITE, ROBERT WHITEHOUSE, Howarp D. WHITING, Mrs. ADELE H. WHITING, J. H. WHITLOCK, WILLIAM A. WIBORG, FRANK B. WIDDICOMBE, Mrs. R. A. WIELAND, CHARLES J. WIELAND, Mrs. GEORGE C. WILDER, HAROLD, JR. WILDER, JOHN FE. WILDER, Mrs. JOHN E. WILDER, Mrs. T. E., Sr. WILKINS, GEORGE LESTER WILKINSON, MRs. GEORGE L. WILKINSON, JOHN C. WILLETTS, GEORGE M. WILLEY, Mrs. CHARLES B. WILLIAMS, Miss ANNA P. WILLIAMS, Dr. A. WILBERFORCE WILLIAMS, HARRY L. WILLIAMS, J. M. WILLIAMS, LUCIAN M. WILLIAMSON, GEORGE H. WILLIS, PAUL, JR. WILLIS, THOMAS H. WILMsS, HERMAN P. Witson, Mrs. E. CRANE WItson, HARRY BERTRAM WILSON, Mrs. JOHN R. WILSON, Miss LILLIAN M. WILSON, MorRRIS KARL WILSON, Mrs. ROBERT CONOVER WINANS, FRANK F. WInpsor, H. H., JR. WINSTON, HAMPDEN WINSTON, JAMES H. WINTER, [RVING WITHERS, ALLEN L. WOJTALEWICZ, REV. FRANCIS M. WOoLgEY, Dr. Harry P. WoLF, Mrs. ALBERT H. WoLrF, Henry M. Wo Lr, WALTER B. Wotrr, Louis Woop, Mrs. GERTRUDE D. Woop, Mrs. HAROLD F. Woop, JOHN G. Woop, JOHN H. Woop, ROBERT E. Woop, WILLIAM G. WOODMANSEE, FAY WooDRUFF, GEORGE Woops, WEIGHTSTILL Woopwarp, C. H. WORCESTER, Mrs. CHARLES H. Work, ROBERT WoRMSER, LEO F. WortTH, Miss HELEN E. WortTuy, Mrs. S. W. WRENN, Mrs. EVERTS WRIGHT, WARREN WRIGLEY, Mrs. CHARLES W. WUNDERLE, H. O. WYETH, Harry B. YEGGE, C. FRED YERKES, RICHARD W. YONDORF, JOHN DAVID YONDORF, MILTON S. YONDORF, MILTON S., JR. YOUNG, GEORGE W. YOUNG, HuGuH E. ZABEL, Max W. ZAPEL, ELMER ZEISLER, MRS. ERWIN P. ZERLER, CHARLES F. ZEUCH, DR. Lucius H. ZIEBARTH, CHARLES A. ZIMMER, MRS. RUDOLPH E. ZIMMERMAN, HERBERT P. ZIMMERMAN, LOUIS W. ZORK, DAVID ZULFER, P. M. 488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REeEports, VOL. VIII BAUMGARTEN, C. BENTLEY, CYRUS Buiss, Miss AMELIA M. BRENNAN, BERNARD G. BusBy, LEONARD A. CLEARY, JOHN J., JR. COLEMAN, ADELBERT E. COLEMAN, SEYMOUR CRAGG, GEORGE L. DAVIS, JAMES C. DEWES, EDWIN P. FAHRNEY, EZRA C. FELTON, S. M. FERGUSON, CHARLES W. GOODMAN, MILTON F. Goss, CHARLES O. HENDERSON, DR. ELMER BE. DECEASED, 1930 JOHNSEN, CHARLES MILLARD, FRANK H. O’ CALLAGHAN, EDWARD Pam, Hon. Huco PARKER, WOODRUFF J. READE, WILLIAM A. ROBERTSON, WILLIAM SCHOELLKOPF, HENRY SHARP, WILLIAM N. STEIN, WILLIAM D. THOMPSON, DAVID P. THOMPSON, THOMAS W. WINTERS, LEANDER LEROY WINTERBOTHAM, JOHN H. NON-RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum PHILLIPS, MONTAGU AUSTIN SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum ABBOTT, STANLEY N. ABRAHAMSON, HENRY M. ALDRICH, Mrs. GEORGE CAPRON Ausip, Mrs. CHARLES H. ALTON, CAROL W. ARMSTRONG, MRS. JULIAN ATLASS, H. LESLIE BarotuHy, Dr. A. M. BARRY, EDWARD C. BAUMRUCKER, CHARLES F. BEACH, E. CHANDLER BECKER, Mrs. A. G. BELDING, Mrs. H. H., Jr. BERNSTEIN, FRED BINGA, JESSE BLACKBURN, OLIVER A. BLAIR, WOLCOTT BLATCHFORD, Mrs. PAUL BLOMGREN, Dr. WALTER L. BLUTHARDT, EDWIN BopE, WILLIAM F. BOETTCHER, ARTHUR H. BOHASSECK, CHARLES Boxum, Norris H. Boynton, A. J. BRENZA, Miss MARY Briaes, J. H. BRYAN, BENJAMIN B., JR. BURGSTRESER, NEWTON BURKE, WEBSTER H. BUTLER, BURRIDGE D. BUTLER, DR. CRAIG D. Cary, Dr. FRANK CHALLENGER, Mrs. AGNES CHANDLER, HENRY P. CHANNON, HARRY JAN. 1931 CHAPMAN, ARTHUR E. CHAPMAN, Mrs. Doris L. CHURCHILL, E. F. CLARK, LINCOLN R. CLINCH, DUNCAN L. COGSWELL, ELMER R. COHEN, LOUIS CoYLeE, C. H. CRAIGIB, A. M. CRATTY, Mrs. JOSIAH CUNEO, JOHN F. CurTIs, AUSTIN GUTHRIE, JR. CURTIS, BENJAMIN J. DANZ, CHARLES A. DaucHy, Mrs. SAMUEL DEGEN, DAVID DELEMON, H. R. DENKEWALTER, W. E. DesIsSLEs, Mrs. CARRIE L. DICKEY, WILLIAM E. DICKINSON, AUGUSTUS E. DICKINSON, THEODORE DICKINSON, Mrs. W. WOODBRIDGE Doncg, O. V. DOERING, WALTER C. DOUGLASS, KINGMAN DOWDLE, JOHN J. DUNCAN, ALBERT G. DUNER, JOSEPH A. DUNHAM, ROBERT J. DUNN, SAMUEL O. DvoraAk, B. F. Eppy, Mrs. AUGUSTUS W. EDWARDS, KENNETH P. EISENSTAEDT, HARRY EISENSTEIN, SOL ELTING, HOWARD EVANS, JOHN W. FELSENTHAL, EDWARD GEORGE FETCHER, EDWIN S. FINNERUD, DR. CLARK W. FISHER, WALTER L. Fix, FREDERICK W. FLETCHER, Mrs. R. V. FOLLANSBEE, MITCHELL D. ForGAN, Mrs. J. RUSSELL ForsyTH, Mrs. HOLMES Foster, Mrs. CHARLES K. FRENCH, DUDLEY K. FRIESTEDT, Mrs. HERMAN F. GALLAGHER, Mrs. M. F. GEAR, H. B. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GIFFORD, MRS. FREDERICK C. GLASER, EDWARD L. GOLDSMITH, BERNARD H. GoopE, Mrs. ROWLAND T. GOODER, SETH MACDONALD GORDON, LESLIE 8. GRANGER, MRS. EVERETT J. GRANT, JAMES D. GREENE, HENRY E. GREENLEE, Mrs. WILLIAM BROOKS HAMMOND, Mrs. GARDINER HAMMOND, LUTHER S., JR. Harpy, Miss MARJORIE Harris, Miss LILLIAN HARRISON, MRS. FREDERICK J. Hart, Mrs. HARRY HARTMANN, A. O. HAYSLETT, ARTHUR J. HENRY, HUNTINGTON B. HERRICK, CHARLES E. HILL, Mrs. RUSSELL D. HINES, CHARLES M. HINTzZ, JOHN C. Hopckins, Mrs. W. L. HouMAN, Dr. E. H. HOLLINGSWORTH, R. G. HOLMES, GEORGE J. Houston, Mrs. THOMAS J. Howarp, Mrs. ELMER A. Howarb, P. S. HUBBARD, GEORGE W. HUNTER, ROBERT H. INGALLS, Mrs. FREDERICK A. INGEMAN, LYLE S. ISAACS, CHARLES W., JR. JENKINS, DAviID F. D. JOHNSON, CHESTER H. JOHNSON, ISAAC HORTON KAISER, MRS. SIDNEY KARPEN, MICHAEL KAVANAGH, CLARENCE H. KELKER, RUDOLPH F., JR. KEMPER, DR. MALCOLM KENDALL, MRS. VIRGINIA H. KLEINPELL, Dr. HENRY H. KLENK, PAUL T. Kwnopr, A. J. Kocus, AUGUST Kopp, GUSTAVE KORTZEBORN, JACOB E. KRAUS, SAMUEL 489 490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VIII LACHANCE, Mrs. LEANDER H. LADENSON, N. T. LATHROP, Mrs. BRYAN LEE, Mrs. JOHN H. S. LEIGHT, ALBERT FE. LEWIS, Mrs. EDWARD LITTLE, Mrs. E. H. LLEWELLYN, Mrs. JOHN T. LoeEB, Mrs. A. H. LOEWENTHAL, MRs. JULIUS W. LuDwIG, J. LEO MaAcLeiIsH, Mrs. ANDREW MALLINSON, EDWIN MANLEY, JOHN A. MARCUS, MAURICE S. MAUTNER, LEO A. MAYkER, Oscar F., Sr. McMEnenmy, L. T. McVoy, JOHN M. MERRELL, JOHN H. MERTENS, CYRIL P. Mites, Mrs. ETHEL EDMUNDS MILLER, Mrs. OLIVE BEAUPRE MINOTTO, Mrs. JAMES MITCHELL, GEORGE F. MOELING, Mrs. WALTER G. Mour, EDWARD Morst, Mrs. 8. E. MONAGHAN, THOMAS H. MoreEY, WALTER W. MULLIGAN, GEORGE F. NEBEL, HERMAN C. NEILSON, Mrs. FRANCIS NEWHOUSE, KARL NOBLE, SAMUEL R. Noyes, A. H. ODELL, WILLIAM R., JR. O’ LEARY, JOHN W. OLSEN, Mrs. CLARENCE ° ORR, THOMAS C. PACKER, CHARLES SWASEY PARDRIDGE, Mrs. FREDERICK C. PARKER, Dr. GASTON C. PARMELEE, Dr. A. H. PARTRIDGE, LLOYD C. PECK, Dr. DAvip B. PENNINGTON, LESTER E. PETER, E. E. PETERSON, ARTHUR J. PETERSON, Mrs. BrerRTHA I. POLE, JAMES S. PooLe, Miss Lois \ PORTMAN, Mrs. EDWARD C. PREBIS, EDWARD J. PRENTICE, JOHN K. Press, Mrs. JACOB H. PucKEy, F. W. PURDY, SPARROW E. RANDLE, Mrs. CHARLES H. RANEY, MRs. R. J. RANKIN, MISS JESSIE H. RATHJE, WILLIAM J. RAYNER, ARNOLD P. REA, Dr. ALBERTINE L. RELLIHEN, EDWIN G. RicH, ELMER RICHARDS, Marcus D. RICHARDSON, GEORGE A. ROBBINS, HENRY S. ROBBINS, PERcy A. ROBERTS, SHEPARD M. RORRISON, JAMES ROSENTHAL, BENJAMIN J. ROSENTHAL, KURT ROTHSCHILD, JUSTIN RoutTH, GEORGE D., JR. RYERSON, DONALD M. SAMPSELL, MARSHALL E. SARGENT, Mrs. GEORGE H. SCHOLL, DR. WILLIAM M. SCRIBNER, GILBERT SEELEN, MARK B. SEGGERMAN, Mrs. RICHARD SHAW, ANDREW H. SHAW, E. R. SHORT, Miss SHIRLEY JANE SIMPSON, C. G. SKOOGLUND, DAVID SLADE, Mrs. ROBERT SMITH, CHARLES S. B., SR. SPERLING, SAMUEL SPIELMANN, Oscar P. STEARNS, Mrs. RICHARD I. STEBBINS, FRED J. STEVENSON, Mrs. ROBERT STOCKTON, EUGENE M. SUDLER, CARROLL H., JR. SUTTON, HAROLD I. SWIECINSKI, WALTER TENINGA, CORNELIUS THOMPSON, Mrs. CHARLES M. THOMPSON, FRED L. THORNE, Mrs. VIRGINIA HUBBELL TILDEN, Mrs. EDWARD TITZEL, Dr. W. R. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 491 TRAMMELL, NILES WARREN, C. Roy TRUDE, Hon. DANIEL P. WATSON, Miss MINA M. TUCKER, S. A. WEIS, S. W. TUTTLE, F. B. WELTER, JOHN N. WERTH, A. HERMAN WHITE, SANFORD B. WHITE, SELDEN FREEMAN WHITING, LAWRENCE H. WIENHOEBER, GEORGE V. WIENHOEBER, WILLIAM H. Woop, Kay, JR. WRIGHT, H. K. VAIL, CARLTON M. VEHON, SIMON HENRY VIGNES, Miss LAURA ALICE WALKER, SAMUEL J. Ware, Mrs. CHARLES W. WARNER, JOHN ELIOT DECEASED, 1930 HANSON, Mrs. BURTON HILL, SAMUEL B. ROESSLER, CARL C., SR. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum AAGAARD, WALTER S., JR. ABBOTT, EDWIN H. ABBOTT, ERNEST V. ABBOTT, MRS. KATHERINE M. ABELLS, H. D. ABEGG, EUGENE ABNEY, M. D. ABORN, E. A. ABRAHAMSON, JOHN ABRAHAMSON, MRS. PAUL ABRAMS, HYMAN B. Ast, Hueco A. F. ABT, Dr. Isaac A. ABT, Mrs. J. J. ACKERT, Mrs. CHARLES H. ADAIR, HuGH G. ADAMS, C. E. B. ADAMS, CYRUS H.., JR. ApAmMSs, Mrs. DAvip T. ADAMS, HARVEY M. ADAMS, Mrs. HENrRy T. ApDAmMs, HuGH R. ADAMS, J. KIRK ADAMS, Miss M. JOICE ApAmMs, Miss NELLIE MALINA ADAMS, SAMUEL P. ADDAMS, MIss JANE ADLER, DR. HERMAN M. O. AGAR, Mrs. WILLIAM GRANT Acar, W. S., SR. AHNFELT, JOHN AILES, ADRIAN S. AISHTON, RICHARD A. ALBERS, DR. EDGAR H. ALDEN, W. T. ALDRICH, FREDERICK C. ALESHIRE, Mrs. O. E. ALESSIO, FRANK ALEXANDER, HARRY T. ALLAIS, ARTHUR L. ALLEN, Dr. A. V. ALLEN, AMOS G. ALLEN, C. D. ALLEN, EDWIN D. ALLEN, Harry W. ALLEN, Mrs. J. W. ALLEN, JOHN D. ALLEN, O. T. ALRUTZ, DR. LouIs F. ALSAKER, Mrs. ALFRED ALSCHULER, HON. SAMUEL ALT, GEORGE E. ALTHEIMER, BEN J. ALTMAN, ROBERT M. ALVAREZ, DR. WALTER C. AMBERG, J. WARD AMBERG, MIss ETHEL M. AMBERG, Miss Mary AGNES ANDERSON, Mrs. A. S. ANDERSON, Mrs. A. W. ANDERSON, ADOLPH ANDERSON, B. G. 492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REportTs, VOL. VIII ANDERSON, BROOKE ANDERSON, DAVID G. ANDERSON, Mrs. HARRY ANHEISER, HuGo ANOFF, ISADOR S. ANTHONY, CHARLES FE. ANTHONY, JOSEPH R. ANTONOW, SAMUEL L. ARBUCKLE, MRs. G. S. ARDEN, PERCY H. ARENS, DR. ROBERT A. ARMS, HERBERT C. ARMSTRONG, Mrs. H. W. ARNOLD, FRANCIS M. ARNOLD, Mrs. Hueco F. ARNOLD, MARSHALL ARNTZEN, B. E. ARTHUR, MISS MINNIE J. ASHBURNER, Mrs. HELEN F. ASHBY, D. E. ASHCRAFT, EDWIN M., JR. ASHLEY, NOBLE W. ATKEISSON, Dr. J. E. H. ATKINS, PAUL M. ATKINSON, Mrs. A. L. C. ATKINSON, CHARLES T. ATKINSON, Roy R. ATLASS, Mrs. FRANK ATWELL, W. C. ATWOOD, FRED G. AUBLE, WILSON C. AUSTIN, E. F. AUSTIN, M. B. AUSTIN, WILLIAM B. AXELSON, CHARLES F. Babs, W. E. BABCOCK, F. M. BABCOCK, ORVILLE E. Bascock, WILLIAM H. BACHRACH, I. BAcon, ASA Bacon, Dr. C. 5S. BADENOCH, DAVID A. Barr, Mrs. ARTHUR A. Bacsy, Mrs. C. B. BAILEY, Dr. G. T. BaIrD, Mrs. CLAY Barrstow, Mrs. ARTHUR Baker, C. M. BAKER, CLAUDE M. BAKER, EDWARD L. BAKER, G. W. BAKER, JAMES CHILDS BALABAN, MAX BALCH, HOWARD K. BALDERSTON, MRS. STEPHEN V. BALL, JOHN BALLARD, Mrs. CHARLES M. BALLARD, Mrs. E. S. BANGS, WILLIAM B. BANKARD, E. HOOVER, JR. BANNING, SAMUEL W. BANNISTER, Mrs. A. H. BARBER, MRs. F. L. BARD, RALPH A. Barb, Mrs. Roy E. BARGER, Mrs. WALTER C. BARNES, WILLIAM H. BARRETT, Miss ADELA BARRETT, M. J. P. BARRY, MRS. RUPERT J. BARTELLS, Dr. HENRY W. F. BarTH, LEWIS L. BARTHOLOMAY, HERMAN BARTHOLOMAY, WILLIAM, JR. BARTHOLOMEW, Mrs. F. H. BARTLETT, CHARLES C. BARTLETT, Mrs. FREDERICK H. BARTLETT, R. D. BARTON, Mrs. ENos M. BARTON, S. G. Bascom, F. T. BATES, Mrs, Harry C. BAUM, JAMES E. Baum, Mrs. JAMES E. BAUMANN, Mrs. F. O. BAUMGARDEN, NATHAN W. BAXTER, JOHN E. BAYLOR, Dr. FRANK W. BEACH, CALVIN B. BEAN, EDWARD H. BEATTY, Mrs. R. J. Beck, Dr. JOSEPH C. BECKER, Mrs. HERBERT W. BECKER, LOTHAR BECKER, LOUIS L. BEDA, PAUL W. BEDE, Howarp H. BEER, FRED A. BEESON, Mrs. F. C. BEHRENS, GEORGE A. BEIDLER, AUGUSTUS F. Betrus, MorrRIs BEIN, MAURICE L. BEIRNES, Mrs. ALVIN E. BELDING, DR. C. R. BELL, GEORGE IRVING BELL, HAYDEN N. BELLows, Mrs. L. E. H. JAN. 1931 BENARIO, Mrs. Gus BENDELARI, ARTHUR E. BENDER, Mrs. CHARLES BENGTSEN, H. O. BENNET, WILLIAM §. BENNETT, E. H. BENNETT, Mrs. HAROLD D. BENNETT, Mrs. IRA F. BENNETT, Mrs. WILLIAM H. K. BENNINGTON, HAROLD BENOIST, Mrs. WILLIAM F. BENSON, Mrs. T. R. BENT, Mrs. M. H. BENTLEY, RICHARD BERENS, Mrs. H. Bere, Dr. O. H. BERG, SIGARD E. BERGBOM, Mrs. M. 8. BERGER, Miss MARIE S. E. BereH, Ross F. BERGREN, FE. L. BERGSTROM, O. BERKEY, MRS. PETER BERLINER, EMANUEL F. BERNARD, PETER J. BERNHARD, RAYMOND S. BERNSTEIN, AARON D. BERNSTEIN, GOTTFRIED D. BERNSTEIN, Mrs. JACK Berry, V. D. BESTEL, OLIVER A. BETTMAN, DR. RALPH B. BIDDLE, ROBERT C. BIDWELL, Mrs. EDITH D. BIGANE, Mrs. JOHN EDWARD BILSKY, SAMUEL BINGHAM, 8. H. BINKLEY, Mrs. L. G. Binks, Mrs. Harry D. BirpD, Miss FRANCES BIRD, HERBERT J. BIRKENSTEIN, LOUIS BIRKHOFF, MIss GERTRUDE BISBEE, W. G. BisHop, Mrs. ALICE M. BIsHoP, Mrs. HowARD F. BISSELL, ARTHUR BIXxBy, CHARLES R. BLACK, ALFRED B. BLACK, Mrs. HERBERT G. BLACK, Dr. R. E. BLACK, Mrs. T. S. BLACKWOOD, Mrs. A. E. Buair, Mrs. Henry A. BLAKE, Mrs. F. B. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BLAKELEY, JOHN M. BLATCHFORD, N. H., JR. BLAZON, JOHN J. BLESSING, LEWIS G. Buiss, CHARLES F. BLITZSTEN, DR. N. LIONEL Biock, Mrs. JOSEPH B. Buock, Dr. Louis H. Buock!, Mrs. FRED W. BLOMQUIST, ALFRED Buoop, L. A. BLOOMFIELD, Mrs. LEONARD BLUE, JOHN BuuM, Henry S. Boss, DWIGHT S. BODINSON, FREDERICK P. BoGERT, Mrs. GEORGE G. BOHNING, Dr. ANNE Bouues, Mrs. C. E. Bout, M. C. BOLTON, JOHN F. Bong, A. R. BONNER, FRANCIS A. Boone, ARTHUR BOONE, CHARLES LEVERITT Boot, Dr. G. W. Bootu, Mrs. GEORGE Bootu, Mrs. K. A. Booz, Norton A. Boozer, Mrs. RALPH C. BORCHERDING, E. P. BORCHERDT, Mrs. H. A. BORLAND, CARL A. BorMAN, T. A. BORN, EDGAR R. BorscuH, Mrs. MARY BOTHMAN, DR. L. BotTtTHor, Mrs. W. BOUGHTON, FRANK M. BOURLAND, MRS. NORMAN T.. BOURNIQUE, ALVAR L. BouRQUE, DR. N. ODEON Bowe, AUGUSTINE J. BOWEN, JOSEPH T., JR. BowWES, FREDERICK M. Bowes, WILLIAM R. BOWMAN, JAY Boyp, Mrs. E. B. Boyp, JOSEPH K. BRACHVOGEL, MRS. CHRISTIANA BRADBURY, Mrs. F. C. BRADDOCK, Mrs. Louis J. BRADFORD, FREDERICK H. BRADLEY, FRED J. BRADLEY, HERBERT E. 493 494. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII BRANDENBURG, Mrs. O. H. BRANDT, FREDERIC T. BRANIGAR, Mrs. W. W. BRANT, MELBURN BRAUCHER, Mrs. ERNEST N. Braupy, Mrs. Louis C. BRAUER, MRS. CASPAR BRAUN, ARTHUR J. BRECKENRIDGE, KARL S. BREED, FREDERICK 8S. BREEN, J. W. BREMNER, DR. DAVID K. BRENNAN, MRS. GEORGE E. BRENNEMANN, DR. JOSEPH BRENNER, Mrs. Louis N. BREWER, EDWARD H. BREWER, HARRY F. BREWERTON, WILLIAM A. BREWSTER, WILLIAM E. BREYER, Mrs. THEODOR Briaes, A. G. BRIGHAM, Dr. L. WARD BRIMSTIN, W. E. BRIN, HARRY L. BRINEY, Mrs. H. C. BRINGOLF, Mrs. FLoyp A. BRINSON, Mrs. EARL W. BRISCOE, GEORGE L. BRISTER, MRS. C. J. Brock, Mrs. FRANK P. BRoptT, IRWIN W. BROOKE, FRED L. BROOKS, ROBERT E. L. BROOME, JOHN SPOOR Broome, Mrs. THORNHILL BROOMELL, CHESTER C. BROUGHAM, DR. EDWARD J. BROUILLETT, DR. R. J. BROWER, JULE F. Brown, ALvIA K. Brown, Dr. CALVIN E. BROWN, CHARLES W. BROWN, CHARLES W. Brown, MIss CLARA M. BROWN, EDWARD EAGLE Brown, Miss ELEANOR M. BROWN, Miss ELLA W. BROWN, GEORGE A. BROWN, GERARD S. Brown, H. A. Brown, J.'D. BROWN, JAMES HARL BROWN, ROBERT B. BROWN, WILBUR M. BROWNE, THEODORE C. BROWNING, Mrs. LUELLA A. BRUCKER, DR. EDWARD A. BRUCKER, DR. MATTHEW W. BRUGGE, Mrs. CAROLINE BRUMBACK, Mrs. A. H. BRUMLEY, DANIEL JOSEPH BRUNER, HENRY P. BRUNKER, A. R. BRUNT, J. P. BRYANT, DONALD R. BRYANT, Mrs. EDWARD F. BRYANT, JOHN M. BryYcE, T. JERROLD BUCHANAN, Mrs. GORDON BUCHBINDER, Dr. J. R. BUCHEN, Mrs. WALTHER BUCHHOLZ, ERIC BUCKINGHAM, MRs. JOHN BUCKINGHAM, TRACY W. BUCKLEY, Mrs. WARREN BUCKNER, MRs. JOHN L., JR. BUDDEKE, I. W. BUEHLER, Mrs. ERNEST BUELL, Mrs. CHARLES C. BUHLIG, PAUL BuHLIG, Miss ROSE BUKER, J. E. BULL, GORDON W. BULLARD, SELLAR BULLEN, Mrs. F. F. BUNCK, EDWARD C. BUNGE, AUGUST. H., SR. BUNKER, CHARLES C. Bunwn, B. H. BUNNELL, JOHN A. BunTE, Mrs. THEODORE W. BUNTING, Guy J. Burcu, Mrs. W. E. Burcu, R. L. BurRDICK, DR. ALFRED S. BURKE, EDWARD H. BURKHARDT, CHARLES FE. BurRKITT, Mrs. BEULAH E. BuRNET, Mrs. W. A. BuRNHAM, D. H. BURNHAM, HUBERT Burns, Miss ETHEL R. Burns, Mrs. J. 8S. BuRNS, JOHN J. Burritt, D. F. Burrows, Miss Louisa L. BursIk, Miss EMILiE G. BurTON, MIss CLARIBEL BURTON, FRED A. BuscH, FRANCIS X. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 495 BUSWELL, Mrs. HENRY LEE BuTLER, Mrs. RUSSELL E. Butt, FRANK HASTMAN BUTTNER, WILLIAM C. Butts, O. W. BuUXBAUM, MORRIS BYERSDORF, SIDNEY R. BYFIELD, ERNEST L. BYFIELD, Mrs. HERBERT A. BYFIELD, Miss LILLIAN R. CABLE, ARTHUR G. CAHILL, WILLIAM A. CAHN, BENJAMIN R. CAIN, G. R. CALDWELL, Mrs. ASA J. CALDWELL, H. WARE CALDWELL, LOUIS G. CALLAHAN, Mrs. A. F. CALVIN, DR. JOSEPH K. CAMERON, OSSIAN CAMMACK, HERBERT M. Camp, BENJAMIN B. CAMP, CURTIS B. Camp, J. BEIDLER CAMPBELL, ARGYLE CAMPBELL, DONALD A. CAMPBELL, MRS. JOHN G. CAMPBELL, MRs. R. D. CAMPBELL, ROBERT W. CAMPE, FRANK O. CANAVAN, J. NEWELL CAPODICE, J. J. CAPPER, JOHN S. CARLIN, LEO J. CARLSON, MIss BEATA M. CARLSON, MRs. CARL T. CARMAN, S. 8. CARNAHAN, Mrs. GLEN C. CARPENTER, HAROLD B. CARPENTER, JOHN ALDEN Carr, H. C. Carr, DR. JAMES G. CARRINGTON, EDMUND CARROLL, M. V. CARTEAUX, LEON L. CARTER, ALLAN J. CARTER, C. B. CARTER, Mrs. L. D. Cary, DR. WILLIAM CASAVANT, GUSTAV A. CASEY; Jiekt. CASSADAY, Mrs. THOMAS G. CASSELS, G. J. CASSIDY, WILLIAM J. CASTENHOLZ, W. B. CASTLE, C. S. CASTLE, Mrs. CHARLES S. CASTLE, SYDNEY CASTRUCCIO, GUISEPPE CASWELL, Mrs. A. B. CAUGHLIN, Mrs. F. P. CAVANAGH, Harry L. CAVENEE, Mrs. C. M. CERVENKA, JOHN A. CHADWICK, MRS. GRIFFITH CHALMERS, Mrs. J. Y. CHAMBERLIN, Mrs. ADELE R. CHAMBERS, Mrs. HELEN S. CHANDLER, C. F. CHANDLER, CHARLES H. CHANDLER, FRANK R. CHANDLER, DR. FREMONT A. CHANDLER, GEORGE M. CHAPIN, RUFUS F. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM GERARD CHASE, Mrs. EDWARD G. CHASE, Miss FLORENCE CHASE, Mrs. LEONA CHASE, Roy W. CHASE, SAMUEL T. CHASE, Mrs. WILLIAM H. CHAVIS, DR. SAMUEL W. CHESSMAN, L. W. CHILDS, Mrs. FRED B. CHILDS, KENT C. CHILDS, Mrs. R. W. CHILDS, THERON W. CHRISTENSEN, HENRY C. CHRISTIANSEN, Dr. HENRY CHRISTOPHER, MRS. CARL J. CHRISsTy, Mrs. F. V. CHURCHILL, RICHARD S. CLANCY, WILLIAM L. CLANEY, Miss M. T. CLARE, HERBERT O. CLARK, Mrs. ARTHUR M. CLARK, C. P. CLARK, JAMES D. CLARK, Miss Maun F. CLARK, Mrs. RALPH E. CLARK, ROBERT H. CLARK, WILLIAM JEROME CLARKE, BROADUS J. CLARKE, Mrs. FRED A. CLARKE, Mrs. HEnry S., JR. CLAUSSEN, EDMUND J. CLAYPOOL, GLEN F. CLAYTON, FREDERICK W. CLEARY, CHARLES H. 496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII CLEARY, JOHN J. CLEMENT, Mrs. ALLAN M. CLEMENTS, MISS ELLEN N. CLEMENTS, REV. ROBERT CLEVELAND, Mrs. A. F. CLIFFORD, THOMAS R. CLITHERO, W. S. CuizBE, Mrs. F. O. CLONEY, T. W. CLOYES, WILLIAM E. CLUFF, EDWIN E. COALE, GEORGE M. CoOBURN, ALONZO J. CoBURN, E. WARNER COCHRAN, J. L. CocHRAN, Mrs. J. L. COCHRAN, MIss NELLIE COCHRANE, Mrs. A. B. COCHRANE, A. K. O. CocHRANE, Mrs. RoBERT M. Cor, FRANK GALT CoFFIN, Mrs. FRED Y. CoFFIN, FRED Y., SR. CoFFIN, PERCY B. CoFFrMAN, A. B. CouHEN, A. E. CoHEN, ARCHIE H. COHEN, IRVING LESLIE COHEN, IRWIN CoHuIEN, HENRY CoHN, CHARLES COHN, SAMUEL A. Coun, Mrs. SAMUEL J. COLBURN, WARREN E. CoLE, LAWRENCE A. COLEMAN, ALGERNON COLEMAN, B. R. COLEMAN, CLARENCE L. COLEMAN, HAMILTON CoLuins, ARTHUR B. CoLLins, ARTHUR W. CoLLins, BERYL B. COLLINS, CHARLES W. CouLINs, CHILTON C. COLLINS, GEORGE R. CoLuIns, Dr. LORIN C. CoLuIns, Dr. RuFus G. COLNON, PHILIP ConpiT, Mrs. J. 8. ConpDon, Mrs. JOHN CONDON, THOMAS J. ConcrER, Mrs. WILLIAM PEREZ ConkEY, H. P. Connor, Mrs. FREDERICK T. CONOVER, HARVEY CoNoOvVER, Mrs. LUTHER W. CONRAN, MRS. WALTER A. Conroy, Mrs. ESTHER F. CONSOER, ARTHUR W. CoNSOER, Miss META CONVERSE, EARL M. CONVERSE, WILLIAM A. COOBAN, FRANK G. Cook, Miss EDITH S. Cook, Dr. FRANCES H. Cook, J. B. Cook, Louis T. Cook, SIDNEY A. CooKE, Mrs. GEORGE J. Coon, ROBERT E. Cooper, Miss ADELAIDE CooPER, CHARLES H. COOPER, FREDERICK A. Cooper, Mrs. Henry N. CoopPER, R., JR. COPELAND, T. A. CopPpPrEL, Mrs. CHARLES H. CORBIN, Mrs. DANA CORBIN, Mrs. F. N. CorBoy, Miss C. M. CoRBOY, WILLIAM J. CorE, Mrs. J. D. CorEy, Miss W. JENNETTE CORNELIUS, J. F. CORNELL, DR. EDWARD L. CoRNET, Mrs. A. L. CoORPER, ERWIN_ CORRIGAN, JAMES Corry, Mrs. ADELINE M. CoRSANT, Mrs. CHARLES KING CorwIn, Dr. ARTHUR M. COSTELLO, THOMAS J. COTTELL, Miss LOUISA CourRSON, Harry C. COURTNEY, MISS MARTHA A. Cox, ARTHUR M. CozzENS, Mrs. FREDERICK B. CRADDOCK, J. F. CraliG, H. W. CRAMER, Mrs. AMBROSE CRAMER, Mrs. S. B. CRAWFORD, ADAM W. CRAWFORD, Mrs. WARREN CREBER, Mrs. WALTER H. CREED, DANIEL A. CREEDON, Mrs. CLARA W. CREGO, FRANK A. CRELLIN, Miss Mary F. CRILE, Mrs. DENNIS W. CRONKHITE, ALBION C. JAN. 1931 Crooks, Mrs. H. D. CROpP, CARL CrosBy, Mrs. FREDERICK W. CrosBy, Miss SAMUELLA Cross, GEORGE B. Crow, W. R. CROWDER, J. L. CROWE, Miss Eva B. CROWELL, DR. BOWMAN CORNING CROWELL, Lucius A. CULLEN, DR. GEORGE CuLLEY, Mrs. A. B. CUNEO, FRANK CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT M. CURRAN, PETER A. DAHLQUIST, C. M. DAHNEL, Mrs. E. R. DAICHES, ELI DALEY, Harry C. DALLAS, C. DONALD DALLSTREAM, ANDREW J. DALTON, ERNEST E. Daty, Dr. T. A. DALZIEL, DAVISON DAMMANN, EDWARD C. D’Anconé, A. E. DANIELS, JAMES E. DANIELSON, Mrs. A. E. DANIELSON, FRED V. DANKOWSKI, I. F. DARLING, Dr. U. G. DATE, MRs. S. S. DaucHy, Miss BARBARA DAUGHADAY, C. COLTON DAVID, SIDNEY S. DavIDson, Lucius H. DAVIDSON, MORTON §. DAVIES, P. W. DAVIES, WILLIAM B. Davis, A. M. Davis, ALEXANDER M. Davis, Dr. AMY REAMS DAVIS, BRODE B. DAVIS, CHARLES E. Davis, Mrs. CHARLES P. Davis, DON Davis, E. E. Davis, Mrs. F. BEN Davis, Mrs. GEORGE A. Davis, Dr. H. I. Davis, Dr. LOYAL Davis, Mrs. NEWTON E. DAVIS, PAUL H. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 497 DAVIS, W. HARRY DAVIS, WARREN T. DAWES, NEIL B. DAWSON, WILLIAM L. Day, CLYDE L. Day, Mrs. Lewis J. DEAN, WILLIAM D. DEANE, RUTHVEN DEANS, Mrs. HERBERT G. P. DEBERARD, MISS GRACE DEBogR, Mrs. Kuaas C. Dess, Louis H. DECKER, Mrs. HALFoRD H. DECKER, HIRAM E. DEE, MRs. WILLIAM FE. DEERY, MISS HELEN C. DEFREES, Mrs. DONALD DEFREES, MRS. JOSEPH H. DEFREES, Miss Mary L. DEGENER, AUGUST W. DEGENHARDT, DR. EDGAR DEHNING, MRs. C. H. DEIMEL, MRS. JEROME L. DEININGER, Mrs. D. M. DELAMARTER, MRS. ERIC DELOACH, Dr. R. J. H. DELONG, F. T. DELSON, Louis J. DEMAREB, H. S. DEMONT, CARL DEMUTH, MRs. ELIZABETH S. DENEEN, ROBERT J. DENISTON, Mrs. ALBERT J., JR. DENNIS, WILLARD P. DEPEYSTER, FREDERIC A. DERING, MRs. EDITH S. DESAUTY, SYDNEY D’ESPOSITO, J. DEUTSCHMANN, RUDOLPH DEVANEY, MISS Marin A. DEVRIES, GEORGE DEWOLF, MRs. JOHN E., Sr. DEWSON, Mrs. JOHN R. Dick, Miss F. Louisa DIENER, GEORGE W. DIENSTAG, Mrs. BENNO DIGNAN, FRANK W. DILLBAHNER, FRANK DINGLE, Mrs. FLORENCE THOMAS DIxon, Mrs. WESLEY M. DOERING, Mrs. EDMUND J., JR. DOLESE, Mrs. JOHN DOLESE, Miss MARIE DONAHEY, Mrs. WILLIAM DONNELLEY, THORNE 498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTORY—REports, Vou. VIII DORNEY, REV. MAURICE A. Dors, GEORGE B. Doscu, HENRY C. Doust, Mrs. T. E. DOWLING, T. F. DOYLE, EDWARD V. DoyLe, LEO J. DRELL, Mrs. J. B. DRENNAN, JOHN G. Drew, Miss E. L. DREW, Mrs. LESLIE A. DREWS, WILLIAM F. DREZMAL, MAX A. DRIELSMA, I. J. DRINKWALTER, Miss KATE E. DRYDEN, Mrs. GEORGE B. DRYMALSKI, PAUL DUDLEY, W. W. Durry, Mrs. Mary E. DUNBAUGH, GEORGE J. DUNBAUGH, HARRY J. DUNCAN, W. 8. DuNHAM, Mrs. W. H. DuNLAP, Mrs. T. M. DUNN, EDWARD J. DUNNING, N. Max DUPEEB, EUGENE H. DURFEE, CARLISLE DURHAM, RAYMOND E. DURLAND, Miss ETHEL GRACE Durr, Mrs. HERBERT A. EASTHOPE, JOSEPH EATON, Mrs. MARQUIS EBELING, Mrs. GEORGE EBERLE, WILLIAM C. EcKART, Mrs. ROBERT P. ECKSTORM, Mrs. PAUL EDMONDS, MISS NORA EHRLICH, M. J. EHRMAN, WALTER E. EHRMANN, Dr. FRED J. E. © EICHSTAEDT, DR. J. J. EISENDRATH, Miss Esa B. EISENDRATH, JOSEPH L. EITEL, EMIL ELAM, Mrs. FRANK HARRIS ELEY, NING ELIcH, Mrs. HERMAN ELIEL, Mrs. THERESA G. ELKINGTON, CHARLES S. ELLBOGEN, Mrs. Max ELLERT, ARNOLD M. ELLICSON, S. ADELBERT, SR. ELLINSON, Mrs. WILLIAM J. ELLIOT, Mrs. FRANK M. ELLIOTT, Dr. A. R. ELLIOTT, Mrs. E. N. ELLIOTT, FRANCKE C. ELLIOTT, Mrs. O. EARL ELLIOTT, Mrs. R. H. ELLIS, FRANK I. ELMER, Miss LULU SHEPARD ELMSLIE, GEORGE G. ELTING, VICTOR EMERY, WILLIAM H. EMIG, HOWARD A. ENGELHART, FRANK C. EMERY, Mrs. FRED A. ENGLAND, EDWARD L. ENGLANDER, Mrs. MARCELITE ENGLE, Mrs. WALTER ENGLISH, JOHN J. ENGSTROM, HAROLD EPSTEIN, ALBERT K. ERD, ARTHUR A. ERICKSON, Mrs. ALFRED O. ERICKSON, Mrs. E. T. ERICKSON, ELMER ERICKSON, H. E. ERICKSON, HUBBARD H. ERIKSON, MRs. G. F. ERLEY, WALTER ERWIN, Mrs. CHARLES R. ERZINGER, Mrs. MINNIE C. ESCHNER, LEROY Esponr, F. H. | ESMOND, JOHN W. ESPENSHADE, Mrs. E. B. EsTEs, C. E. ETTELSON, Mrs. SAMUEL A. EULASS, ELMER A. Evans, Miss ANNA B. EvANs, Miss BERTHA K. EVANS, ELIOT H. EVANS, FLOYD BUTLER EVANS, Mrs. TIMOTHY WALLACE EVERETT, EDWARD W. EwInG, Mrs. HucH W. Fauus, Dr. 8. H. FALTYSEK, E. J. FANI, FATHER CHARLES FANNING, C. G. FANTUS, Dr. BERNARD FARLEY, Mrs. JOHN W. FARNSWORTH, G. J. FARQUHARSON, WILLIAM J. FARRELL, WILLIAM W. FARWELL, ALBERT D. JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 499 FARWELL, EDWARD P. FARWELL, STANLEY P. FAULKNER, DR. LOUIS FAVORITE, Mrs. ISABEL C. FELL, A. L. FELL, Miss FRANCES FELSENTHAL, HERMAN FENN, Dr. G. K. FENTON, J. R. FERGUSON, Mrs. W. J. FERRER, Mrs. LORRAINE L. FERRIER, Miss MARY FERRIS, L. G. FERRIS, MISS SARAH L. FETTERS, JUDSON H. FETZER, WADE, JR. FETZER, WILLIAM R. FIELD, FORREST WHIPPLE FIELD, HEMAN H. FIELD, HENRY FIELD, Mrs. J. A. FIELD, Mrs. WENTWORTH G. FIELDHOUSE, CLARENCE B. Fiery, E. IRVING FINDLEY, DR. EPHRAIM K. FINIGAN, THOMAS FINK, Mrs. ARTHUR G. FINK, R. A. FISCHER, ARTHUR FISCHER, CHARLES H. FISCHER, MrS. CHARLES W. FISCHRUPP, GEORGE FisH, IRVING D. FISHER, Mrs. HOWARD A. FISHER, MRS. VORIES FISHER, Mrs. WALTER E. FISKE, KENNETH B. FiItcH, THOMAS FITZMORRIS, CHARLES C. FITZPATRICK, Miss ANNA FE. FITZPATRICK, Mrs. H. P. FITZPATRICK, JAMES R. FITZPATRICK, MRs. T. F. FLAHERTY, MRs. EARL V. FLAHERTY, JOSEPH F. FLANIGAN, ARTHUR H. FLEISCHHAUER, HERBERT FLEMING, Miss ADA M. FLEMING, EDWARD J. FLEMING, Mrs. JOSEPH B. FLINN, MRs. F. B. FLINN, JAMES M. FLOCKEN, Mrs. F. A. FLOREEN, Mrs. ADOLPH R. FLOYD, PAUL E. FLYNN, MAURICE J. FOCKLER, L. H. FoLEy, Mrs. JOHN BURTON FouLsoM, Mrs. WILLIAM R. Foutz, F. C. FORBES, LESTER H. ForcH, Mrs. JOHN L., JR. FORD, Mrs. CHARLES E. FORD, JAMES S. FORD, Mrs. NORMAN J. Forp, Mrs. T. A. FORDYCE, Mrs. R. L. FOREMAN, Mrs. ALFRED K. FOREMAN, DR. OLIVER C. FORREST, GEORGE D. FORREST, MAULSBY FORRESTER, Mrs. W. W. FORSTER, J. G. FORTELKA, DR. FRANK L. FORTUNE, JOHN L. FospuraG, H. A. Fospick, K. I. Foster, Mrs. A. H. Foster, Mrs. GERTRUDE L. FOUCEK, CHARLES G. FOWLER, G. F. Fox, HARVEY Foy, JOHN J. FRAIZER, Mrs. LAWRENCE FRAME, C. L. FRANCIS, Mrs. Daisy G. FRANK, Mrs. ARTHUR A. FRANK, DAVID FRANK, JOHN M. FRANK, SAMUEL I. FRANKE, DR. META E. FRANKLIN, ABRAHAM M. FRANKLIN, EGINGTON FRASER, ANGUS FRASER, N. D. FRAZEE, SEWARD C. FREDERICK, MRS. CLARENCE L. FREDERICK, R. L. FREEHOF, DR. SOLOMON B. FREEMAN, Mrs. ERNEST H. FREEMAN, VICTOR E. FREITAG, F. J. FRENCH, Mrs. Harry P. FRENCH, Mrs. L. B. FREUND, ERWIN O. FRIED, HARRY N. FRIEDBERG, Mrs. STANTON FRIEDER, EDWARD N. FRIEDMAN, I. S. FRIEDRICHS, Mrs. EDITH E. 500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—-REPORTS, VOL. VIII FRIEND, Mrs. ALEXANDER FRIEND, OSCAR F. FRIEND, Mrs. R. O. FRISBIE, Mrs. IDA D. Frisk, Miss AUDA FROEBE, MISS EDITH FROEHLING, ARTHUR F. FRYMARK, AUGUST A. Fucik, E. J. FULLER, Mrs. EUGENE W. FULLER, DR. GEORGE DAMON FULLER, Mrs. J. G. FuLMER, Mrs. 8. Guy FuLTON, Mrs. FRANK M. Funk, Mrs. C. 8. Funk, G. W. FUNKHAUSER, LEONARD K. GABEL, WALTER H. GABRIEL, FRANK J. GAITHER, OTHO 8S. GALE, ABRAM GALE, FREDERICK A. GALLAGHER, Mrs. F. H. GALLAGHER, MRS. GEORGE F. GALLAGHER, Dr. WILLIAM J. GALLAUER, C. GALLOWAY, DR. CHARLES E. GALLOWAY, WILLIAM MARSHALL GALVIN, JOSEPH X. GAMBLE, JAMES A. GANO, DAVID R. GANS, DANIEL GARLICK, R. C. GARNER, F. J. GARRISON, BERNARD C. GARTSIDE, JOHN L. GARVEY, Mrs. W. H. GARWOOD, VICTOR E. Gary, Dr. I. CLARK GATES, PHILIP R. GATHMAN, ARTHUR E. GAUL, H. J. GAYLORD, Miss ANNA E. GEBHARDT, ERNEST A. Geer, Mrs. IRA J. Geum, Mrs. F. E. Gers, Miss MARGUERITE F. GEIGER, Dr. A. H. GENTZEL, EMIL A. GEORGE, CALVIN M. GERAGHTY, Mrs. THOMAS F. GERDING, R. W. GERE, Mrs. ALBERT H. GERINGER, CHARLES M. GERTZ, RUDOLPH V. GERVAIS, Mrs. W. B. GETSCHOW, GEORGE M. GETTELMAN, MRS. SIDNEY H. GIBBS, Mrs. WALTER M. GIBBS, WILLIAM J. GIBSON, CARL L. GIBSON, CLINTON E. GIBSON, Mrs. IRENE M. GIBSON, DR. STANLEY GIBSON, Mrs. WILL A., JR. GIELOW, WALTER C. GIELSDORF, MIss HELEN P. GIESSEL, Mrs. HENRY GILBERT, ALLAN T. GILBERT, Mrs. GEORGE A. GILBERT, Miss HELEN R. GILBERT, Mrs. N. C. GILBERT, Mrs. T. G. GILCHRIST, MISS HARRIET F. GILES, Miss A. H. GILes, Mrs. I. K. GILES, DR. ROSCOE GILKES, WILLIAM H. GILL, ADOLPH GILL, Dr. JOHN GRANVILLE GILL, WALLACE GILLANDERS, KENNETH GILLELAND, P. H. GILLET, HARRY O. GILLETTE, Mrs. ELLEN D. GILLETTE, HOWARD F. GILPIN, GARTH G. GINDELE, Mrs. C. W. GLADER, FRANK J. GLADISH, REV. W. L. GLASS, J. R. GLASS, WILLIAM Q. GLICK, EMANUEL M. GLIDDEN, Mrs. H. L. GLOVER, Mrs. MANSON GLYNN, Mrs. JOHN E. GoBLE, Mrs. E. R. GODDARD, Mrs. CONVERS GOELITZ, Mrs. HARRY, JR. Goetz, Mrs. ISABELLE R. GOLDFIELD, Dr. B. GOLDING, GUSTAV GOLDMAN, Mrs. Louis GOLDMAN, Mrs. M. GOLDSMITH, HENRY M. GOLDSMITH, M. A. GOLDSMITH, MOSES GOLDSTEIN, BENJAMIN F. Goop, Mrs. JAMES W. JAN. 1931 Goop, Macy §8. GOODKIND, Mrs. A. L. GORDON, Mrs. HAROLD J. GORDON, Dr. L. E. GorE, Mrs. EDWARD E. GORHAM, MiSs KATHRYN C. GORMAN, Mrs. MERVYN J. GOTTSCHALK, Mrs. CHARLES H. GOUGET, WILLIAM T. GOULD, GEORGE W. GOVEN, EDOUARD T. GRAHAM, Mrs. C. DARWIN GRAHAM, MISS MARGARET H. GRAMM, DR. CARL T. GRANSTROM, P. M. GRAPPERHAUS, FRED W. GRAUER, MILTON H. GRAVER, Mrs. H. 8. GRAVER, PHILIP S. GRAVES, Mrs. B. C. GRAVES, Mrs. GEORGE E. GRAVES, Mrs. W. T. GRAWOLS, Mrs. G. L. GRAY, Dr. HORACE GRAY, Mrs. WILLIAM S. GRAYDON, CHARLES E. GREAR, W. S. GREEN, ALBERT L. GREEN, MRS. GEORGE H. GREEN, WALTER H. GREENBURG, I. G. GREENEBAUM, Mrs. ESTHER GREENGARD, MAx GREENLEAF, Mrs. WILLIAM H. GREGG, ROBERT D. GREGORY, Mrs. ROBERT B. GREGORY, Mrs. SETH W. GREIN, JOSEPH GREINER, CLARENCE A. GRENDESKE, MRS. JOSEPH A. GREY, NEWTON F. GRIDLEY, Mrs. B. F. GRIESEL, EDWARD T. GRIESSER, Mrs. HANS RICHARD GRIEST, Mrs. MARIANNA L. GRIFFIN, BENNETT GRIFFIN, NICHOLAS M. GRIFFIN, THOMAS D. GRIFFITH, Mrs. CARROLL L. GRIFFITH, Mrs. JOHN L. GRIMMER, Dr. A. H. GRINKER, DR. Roy R. GRINNELL, FLINT GRINNELL, ROBERT L. GRISWOLD, Roy C. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 501 GROEBE, LOUIS G. GROENWALD, FLORIAN A. GROSFIELD, MME. BERTHA M. GROSSMAN, Mrs. I. A. GROTNES, Miss ALICE GRUENFELD, ADOLPH J. GRUMBINE, Miss EF. EVALYN GRUNWALD, Mrs. EMI. G. GRUSE, Mrs. FRANK A. GRUT, Harry N. GUDEMAN, DR. EDWARD GUETTLER, H. W. GUHL, Mrs. OTTo H. GUILLIAMS, JOHN R. GUINAN, JAMES J. GULLBORG, JOHN S. GUNDERSON, MRS. GEORGE O. GUNGGOLL, MRs. G. A. GUNKEL, GEORGE P. GUNNAR, Mrs. H. P. GUNNERMAN, Mrs. Louis H. GUNTHER, SAMUEL L. GURLEY, Miss HELEN K. GUSFIELD, JULIEN J. GUSTAFSON, Mrs. ANDREW GUTHRIE, Miss Mary G. Haas, ADOLPH R. HAAS, GEORGE H. J. HAAS, SAMUEL L. HACHMEISTER, HERMAN Hack, Miss HELEN V. HACKETT, HORATIO B. HADLOCK, GERALD B. HAEDTLER, MARTIN C. HAERTHER, Dr. A. G. HAERTHER, WILLIAM W. HaAGEY, J. F. HAGGARD, GODFREY HAINES, Miss TINA MAE HAJEK, HENRY F. HALAS, ANDREW G. HALEY, Dr. C. O. HAuuL, Mrs. ALBERT L. HALL, ARTHUR B. HALL, EDWARD B. HALL, GEORGE C. HALL, HENRY C. HALL, J. RUSSELL HALL, Mrs. J. 8S. HALL, Louis W. HALL, ROBERT W. HALLENBECK, Mrs. C. W. HALSTED, Mrs. A. E. HALSTED, Miss A. W. 502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPpoRTS, VOL. VIII HALVERSTADT, Mrs. ROMAINE M. HAMBLETON, C. J. HAMILTON, ALEX K. HAMILTON, MRS. CHESTER F. HAMILTON, EDGAR L. HAMILTON, HuGo A. HAMILTON, J. R. HAMILTON, Mrs. NELLIE Y. HAMILTON, ROBERT J. HAMILTON, MRs. SCOTT R. HAMLINE, MRs. JOHN H. HammMatTT, Mrs. W. P. HAMMEL, GEORGE E. HAMMER, THOMAS H. HAMMILL, MIss EDITH K. HAMMOND, Mrs. I. L. HAMMOND, Roy E. HAMMOND, MISS VIOLET F. HAMMOND, WILLIAM J. HANCOCK, FRANK A. HANECY, MRS. SARAH B. HANEY, Mps. S. C. HANKINS, HARRY HANLEY, FREDERICK R. HANSEN, Miss ALMA C. HANSEN, EDWARD C. HANSEN, LESLIE M. HANSKAT, Mrs. Rosse HANSON, AUGUST E. HANSON, Harry E. HANSON, HARRY S. HANSON, MARTIN J. HARBISON, ROBERT B. HARDER, Miss LOUISE HARDESTY, PAUL L. HARDING, MRs. CHARLES F. HARDING, PATRICK J. HARDWICKE, HARRY Harpy, HENRY G. HARMON, HUBERT P. HARMON, JOHN H. HARPER, JAMES H. HARPER, Miss NELLIE M. HARRIES, Mrs. GEORGE H. HARRIGAN, E. J. HARRIMAN, FRANK B., SR. Harris, Mrs. ABRAHAM HARRIS, EWART HARRIS, FRANK F. Harris, W. H. HARRIS, WALLACE R. HARRIS, WILLIAM L. HARRISON, Miss ANNIE L. HARRISON, EDWARD R. HARRISON, Dr. EDWIN M. HARRISON, Harry P. HARRISON, JAMES D. HARROLD, JAMES P. HaARSHAW, Myron T. HARSHBARGER, Miss DEMA E. Hart, Mrs. G. H. HarT, HARRY M. HART, HENRY D. Hart, Louis E. Hart, Max A. HART, PERCIVAL G. HART, Mrs. WALTER H. HARTIGAN, Mrs. A. F. HARTIGAN, CLARE HARTMANN, Mrs. Emit F. HARTMANN, HENRY, SR. HARTMANN, Mrs. Huco HARVEY, BYRON S. HARVEY, HAROLD B. HARVEY, Dr. ROBERT H. HARVEY, W. S., JR. HARWOOD, FREDERICK HASKELL, L. A. HASKINS, RAYMOND G. HASKINS, MRs. VIRGINIA W. HASLER, Mrs. EDWARD L. HASTINGS, EDMUND A. HATMAKER, Mrs. JANE K. HATTREM, HAROLD HAUGAN, JEVNE HAvuptT, WILLIAM W. HAUSER, J.C. _ HAUSLER, MRs. M., JR. HAWKES, Mrs. BENJAMIN C. HAWKINS, F. P. HAWKINS, J. C. HAWKINSON, DR. OSCAR HAWLEY, CLARENCE E. HAWTHORNE, V. R. HAYNES, Mrs. J. R. HAYNES, RALPH B. HaytT, WILLIAM H. Haywoop, Mrs. WILLIAM HAZARD, MISS CAROLYN R. HEALY, JOHN J. HEATH, A. G. HEATH, ALBERT HEATH, WILLIAM A. HEBEL, Hon. OSCAR HEBERLING, RUSSELL L. HECKEL, EDMUND P. HECKLER, Mrs. ANDREW F. HeEcTorR, DR. WILLIAM S. HEDMAN, JOHN A. HEG, ERNEST, SR. JAN. 1931 HEGBERG, R. O. HEIDE, BERNARD H. HEIFETZ, SAMUEL HEINEKE, CARL HEINEMAN, MRs. P. G. HEINEMANN, JOHN B. HELEBRANDT, LOUIS HELENORE, JOHN C. HELLER, BRUNO F. HENDERSON, B. E. HENDERSON, Mrs. BURTON WATERS HENDERSON, Mrs. C. K. HENDERSON, CHARLES C. HENKLBE, I. S. HENNING, WILLIAM C. HENRICKSON, MAGNUS HENRY, C. DUFF HENRY, CLAUDE D. Henry, Mrs. R. M. HENSCHEN, HENRY S. HENSCHIEN, H. PETER HENSEL, HERMAN E. HEPFNER, Mrs. FRANK HERB, HARRY HERBERT, Mrs. WILLIAM H. HERBST, Mrs. ROBERT H. HERDLISKA, Mrs. F. I. HERRING, GARNER HERRIOTT, IRVING HERTEL, Huco S. HERTZ, Mrs. JOHN D. HERTZBERG, EDWARD HERZMAN, Dr. Morris H. HEss, EDWARD J. Hess, Mrs. J. H. Hess, JOHN L. Hess, Mrs. MILTON Hess, Sou H. HESSERT, GUSTAV HESSERT, Mrs. WILLIAM HESSLER, JOHN B. HETTRICK, WILLIAM J. HEUBACH, Mrs. LYDIA Hey, Dr. A. HEYMANN, EMANUEL H. HEYMANN, L. H. HEYWOOD, OLIVER C. HIBBARD, ANGUS S. HIBBEN, Mrs. M. B. HIBBERT, Miss BERTHA HIBLER, Mrs. JOHN HENRY HICKLIN, JOHN W. HICKOK, FRANK M. Hicks, Mrs. Exvis L. Hicks, Mrs. W. T. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 503 HIGH, SHIRLEY T. HIGHLEY, Miss Lye A. HILL, DUKE Hii, Mrs. E. M. HILL, Mrs. FRANK L. HILL, FREDERICK Hii, Miss MeEpDA A. HILLIARD, Mrs. WILLIAM HILLIKER, Miss RAY HILLMAN, EDWARD HILLS, CHARLES W., SR. HILLYER, DWIGHT E. HILTON, HENRY H. HINDS, GEORGE T. HINKLE, Ross O. HINMAN, Mrs. Curtis M. HIRSCHBERG, Dr. ABRAM Hirsh, Morris HENRY HitcH, Mrs. Rurus M. HITCHCOCK, R. M. Hits, Harry A. HOADLEY, Mrs. ARTHUR G. Hoac, Mrs. JUNIUS C. Hocu, Mrs. WILLIAM Hocus, Mrs. EDMonp S. HOCHSTADTER, G. HODEL, GEORGE Hopcs, THOMAS P. HOEFER, ERNEST HogFT, Mrs. ADOLPH R. HOELLEN, JOHN J. Horr, C. W. HOFFMAN, Mrs. ERNST H. HOINVILLE, C. H. HOLABIRD, JOHN A. HOLDEN, C. R. HOLDEN, HALB, JR. HOLgE, PERRY L. HOLLAND, SAMUEL H. HOLLENBACH, CHARLES H. HOLLISTER, FRANCIS H. HO.LLoway, Harry C. HOLLOWAY, OWEN B. HOuuy, W. H. HOLM, GOTTFRIED HOLM, WALTER T. HOLMAN, ALFRED J. HOLMAN, EDWARD HOLMEAD, ALFRED HouLMES, Dr. BAYARD HOLMES, JAMES C. HOLMES, THOMAS J. HOLMES, WILLIAM HOLRAN, Mrs. JOHN RAYMOND Hout, Mrs. ARTHUR E. 504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII Hout, JAMES A. Hott, MCPHERSON Houzer, F. L. HOLZWORTH, CHRISTOPHER FE. HOoNorRE, Mrs. LOCkKwooD Hoop, GEORGE A. Hooace, Dr. Lupwie F. HoovER, GEORGE W. HOPKINS, ALVAH §S. Horn, Mrs. J. M. HORNER, WALTER A. HORNSTEIN, LEON HORNUNG, JOSEPH J. HORTON, RALPH HORWEEN, ISADORE HORWICH, PHILIP HOSFORD, WILLIAM R. HOSKINS, Mrs. E. L. HOSTETTER, G. L. HOUGHTELING, JAMES L. Houser, Mrs. AGNES RICKS HOWARD, Mrs. O. McG. HOWARD, DR. RICHARD H. HOWARD, WILLIAM H. HowWE, EDWARD G. Howe, IRWIN M. Hoyt, C. E. Hoyt, N. LANDON, JR. Hoyt, WILLIAM M., II HRYNIEWIECKI, DR. STEFAN HUARD, WILLIAM G. HUBACHEK, FRANK BROOKES HUBBARD, E. J. HUBBARD, JOHN M. HUBBARD, MRS. WILLIAM SILLERS HUBBELL, MISS GRACE HUBBELL, WILLIAM J. HuEsBscH, Mrs. HELEN M. HUETTMANN, FRED HUFFAKER, Mrs. O’BANNON L. Hurty, Mrs. F. P. HUGHES, GEORGE E. HUGHES, HUBERT EARL HuGHEs, P. A. HuGHES, REV. RICHARD D. HUGHES, W. V. HULL, IRVING W. HULL, Mrs. JOSEPH C. HULL, ROBERT W. HUuttTin, N. H. HuMAN, MICHAEL G. HuMISTON, DR. CHARLES E. HUNT, JARVIS, JR. Hunt, W. PRESCOTT, JR. Hurp, Mrs. F. A. HurRpD, Harry B. Hurp, Max H. HURLEY, FRANK J. Hurst, Mrs. WAYNE LLoyp HURWITH, Howarp K. Hurwitz, Morris J. Husak, Mrs. L. MILTON Husar, FRANK HUSMANN, MRs. THEODORE F. HUSTED, Mrs. JOHN C. HuszaGH, Mrs. HAROLD D. HUTCHINSON, Mrs. C. L. HUTCHISON, MIsSs JEAN HutTTEL, Mrs. A. N. HUXLEY, HENRY M. HYDE, CHARLES W. Hyman, R. F. HyYMErs, Mrs. EDWARD HYNDMAN, Mrs. A. H. HYNES, DIBRELL IcELY, LAWRENCE B. INDERRIEDEN, Miss L. E. INGRAHAM, Mrs. LORING INGRAM, HAROLD S. INGRAM, MRS. JOHN INNES, Mrs. FREDERICK L. ’ TRALSON, Mrs. MosEs IRWIN, A. CHARLES IRWIN, AMoRY T. IRWIN, GORDON C. IRWIN, Mrs. G. HOWARD IRWIN, Miss RuTH M. Isaacs, Hon. MARTIN J. IsAACS, MICHAEL H. IVERSON, HARRY J. JACKSON, HOWARD K. JACKSON, Mrs. PLEDA H. JACKSON, W. H. JACKSON, WILLIAM F. JACOBI, HARRY JACOBS, E. G. JACOBS, HARVEY F. JACOBS, NATE JACOBS, WALTER H. JACOBS, WHIPPLE JACOBSON, EGBERT G. JACOBSON, HARRY JAEGER, EDWARD W. JAEGERMANN, WILLIAM A. JAFFE, BENJAMIN E. JAICKS, Mrs. STANLEY H. JAMES, HENRY D. JAMES, Mrs. RALPH H. JAN. 1931 JAMES, R. E. JAMES, DR. R. L. JAMIESON, NORMAN R. JAMPOLIS, Mrs. MARK JANATA, LouIS J. JANDA, RUDOLPH JANE, WILLIAM T. JANENSCH, Mrs. E. JANIS, FRANK H. JANNOTTA, FRANK S. JANNOTTA, J. E. JARCHOW, Mrs. C. EB. JAREMA, ALEXANDER L. JARRETT, R. H., Sr. JARVIS, WILLIAM B., SR. JAYCOX, Mrs. MILDRED E. JEFFERSON, MRS. EpITH H. JENKINS, NEWTON JENKINS, SIDNEY H. JENKINS, WILLIAM E. JENKS, Mrs. VirGIL A. JENNINGS, Mrs. C. A. JENNINGS, Mrs. Rosa V. JENSEN, CARL F. JENSEN, HAROLD P. JENSIK, RAYMOND C. JERNBERG, C. EDGAR JERNBERG, CARL L. JESSUP, THEODORE JEWELL, Miss HELEN M. JEWETT, Mrs. GEORGE C. JIRSA, DR. OTTO J. JOERN, WANDA M. JOHNSON, Mrs. ALICE N. JOHNSON, B. W. JOHNSON, C. EDWARD JOHNSON, Mrs. CLARENCE A. JOHNSON, EVAN JOHNSON, MRs. E. G. JOHNSON, MRs. FRANCIS THEODORE JOHNSON, HARRY T. JOHNSON, Mrs. HERBERT S. JOHNSON, Mrs. J. J. JOHNSON, Mrs. LORENA M. JOHNSON, M. JOHNSON, MARTIN A. JOHNSON, Mrs. W. B. JOHNSON, DR. WALTER W. JOHNSON, WILLIAM FE. JOHNSTON, Mrs. FRED H. JOHNSTON, IRA B. JOHNSTON, ROBERT M. JOHNSTON, W. ROBERT JOHNSTONE, Mrs. BRUCE JONES, ASHLEY OLIVER, SR. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR JONES, Mrs. C. A. JONES, D. C. JONES, GEORGE R. JONES, HOMER D., JR. JONES, Mrs. Howarp A. JONES, HOWARD E. A. JONES, DR. Jay G. JONES, J. HARRY, SR. JONES, JOHN H. JONES, Mrs. JOHN SUTPHIN JONES, OWEN BARTON JONES, Mrs. ROSWELL N. JONES, VICTOR H. JONES, WALTER CLYDE, JR. JORDAN, MIss IRENE C. JORGESON, CHARLES M. JOSEPH, A. G. JOSEPH, W. S. JOY, JAMES A. JOYCE, MARVIN BERNARD JOYCE, THOMAS F. JUDD, CECIL W. JUDD, HARRY L. JUDD, Mrs. ROBERT AUGUSTINE JUDSON, CLAY JUDSON, RAYMOND T. JUERGENS, Miss ANNA JUNKER, RICHARD A. KAEMPFER, FRED KAERICHER, Mrs. GROVER D. KAHLKE, DR. CHARLES E. KAHN, ALBERT Kaun, Mrs. Louis KAHN, SIDNEY H. KAMPMEYER, AUGUST Kampp, J. P. KANAVEL, DR. ALLEN B. KANIES, Mrs. WILLIAM F. KANN, Max M. KANNALLY, M. V. KANTER, DR. AARON E. KANTER, Miss ADELE KARNES, GEORGE KARPEN, 8. KARSTROM, J. O. KASPAR, MRS. EUGENE W. Kass, PETER Katz, Mrs. S. KAUFMAN, D. W. KAUFMAN, DR. GUSTAV L. KAYE, JOSEPH M. KEEFER, KARL F. KEENE, WILLIAM J. KEGEL, Mrs. A. H. 505 506 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII KEIG, MARSHALL E. KEIM, MELVILLE KELLEY, HARPER KELLEY, Mrs. HARPER KELLOGG, Miss Bess KELLOGG, JAMES G. KELLOGG, MRS. SARAH A. KELLY, EDMUND P. KELLY, Mrs. GEORGE KELLY, Mrs. GEORGE V. KELLY, JOSEPH J. KELLY, Miss Mary A. Kemp, PHILIP G. KeEmMPER, Miss HILDA M. KENDRICK, W. S. KENNEDY, RALPH KENNEDY, Mrs. ROBERT E. KENNEDY, Mrs. WILLIAM J. KENNY, Dr. HENRY RANDAL KENT, HENRY R. KENYON, MRS. E. F. KEPLINGER, W. A. KEPPNER, H. W. KERN, DR. MAXIMILIAN KERNOTT, MRS. JOHN E. Kerr, A. W. Kerr, Mrs. ALEXANDER M. KERSEY, GLEN B. KERSTING, Mrs. A. H. KERWIN, EDWARD M. KESLER, EDWARD C. KETCHAM, MRS. CHARLES FE. KIBLER, Mrs. HAROLD R. KIEHL, Miss A. L. KILBERT, Mrs. ROBERT KILCOURSE, Miss MARJORIE V. KILMER, Mrs. CHARLES KIMBALL, ERNEST M. KIMBALL, GEORGE D. KIMBALL, T. WELLER KIMBELL, CHARLES REA KINDSVOGEL, W. G. KING, FRANK O. Kine, Mrs. GRACE G. KING, Hoyt KING, JOHN ANDREWS KING, JOSEPH M. Kine, Mrs. NELORA S. KInG, Mrs. ROCKWELL Kine, Mrs. W. H. KING, WILLIAM HENRY, JR. KINGSLEY, R. C. KINN, Mrs. STELLA R. KINSELLA, Mrs. WILLIAM P. KINSEY, ROBERT S. KIPER, HENRY KIPLINGER, WALTER M. KIRCHER, Mrs. J. G. Kirk, Harry I. Kirn, Mrs. Ray O. KITCHELL, HOWELL W. KITTLEMAN, EARLE B. KIxMILueR, Mrs. WILLIAM KAAS, Mrs. HENRY KLEIN, ADDIE KLEIN, ARTHUR F. KLEIN, Mrs. A. 8. KLEIN, Dr. DAVID KLEIN, FRED W. KLEIN, MICHAEL B. KLEIN, PETER KLEINMAN, ALEXANDER KLEINSCHMIDT, EDWARD KLEMANN, MRs. C. J. KLENHA, JOSEPH Z. KLENHA, Mrs. JOSEPH Z. KLEPPINGER, MRS. F. S. KLINE, Louts A. KLINE, WILLIAM S. KiLotz, EDWARD C. KNECHT, Mrs. TOLBERT L. KNIGHT, CHARLES S. ' KNIGHT, NEWELL C. KNIGHT, Mrs. OrRay T. KNOBBE, JOHN W. KoBIck, HENRY G. Kocu, Mrs. FRED C. KocuH, PAUL W. ° Kocu, DR. SUMNER KOCHALE, MISS CLARA M. KOEHLER, H. A. KOENIG, FRED A. KOENIG, Mrs. F. WILLIAM KOENIG, GEORGE W. KOENIG, Mrs. S. W. KOEPKE, Mrs. ALBERT C. KogEPKE, E. E. KOHLER, G. A. E. KOHN, MRS. FRANCES J. KOHN, OSCAR KOHOUT, JOSEPH, JR. Kour, ARTHUR G. KOLLAR, DR. JOHN A. KOLSTAD, ODIN T. KOMAREK, A. W. KOooLisH, Mrs. MICHAEL KOoptTik, ERNEST A. KORDENAT, DR. RALPH A. KOVOLOFF, DAN KOWALSKI, AUGUST J. JAN. 1981 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 507 KOZICZYNSKI, Dr. LUCIAN KRAFFT, WALTER A. KRAFT, DR. Oscar H. KRAMER, CLETUS F. KRAUSMAN, ARTHUR KREBS, CHARLES E. KREIN, EDWARD N. KREMER, C. E. KremM, Mrs. ELMER W. KRENSKY, A. MorRRIS KRETZMANN, Miss Mary C. KREUSCHER, DR. PHILIP H. KREUZINGER, GEORGE W. KRIETE, FRANK L. Kristy, Mrs. GEORGE A. KROENER, Mrs. C. O. KROTZSCH, MISS OPHELIA KRUEGER, O. W. KUEHN, MISS KATHERINE KUEHN, OSWALD L. KuH, Dr. SIDNEY KUHNEN, Mrs. GEORGE H. KuUNKA, BERNARD J. KUNSTADTER, SIGMUND KUNSTMANN, Mrs. JOHN O. KUPPENHEIMER, MRs. J. KURRIE, Mrs. H. R. KurRTZ, GEORGE R. KussMAN, A. C. LacH, Louis M. LACKNER, FRANCIS A. Lapp, C. M. LAEMMLE, Mrs. Louis LAFEAN, W. L. LAFLIN, CHARLES W. LAIRD, ROBERT S. LAKE, EDWARD LAKE, Mrs. R. C. LAMB, FRANK J. LAMONT, JOHN A. LAMPERT, WILSON W. LANDAU, HAROLD LANDER, Mrs. LULU PAYTON LANDMAN, L. W. LANE, Mrs. EBEN LANE, Mrs. JOHN F. LANE, STEVEN M. LANGDON, BUBL A. LANGE, A. G. LANGERT, ABRAHAM M. LANGHORNE, REv. F. PAUL LANGHORST, Mrs. HENRY F. LANIUS, JAMES C. LANSING, A. J. LANSINGER, Mrs. JOHN M. LAPHAM, F. H. LARIMER, ROBERT S. LARKIN, WILLIAM J. LARSEN, GUSTAVE R. LARSON, SIMON P. LASCH, CHARLES F. LATHAM, CARL RAY LATHROP, FREDERICK A. Lau, Mrs. JOHN ARNOLD LAUDER, ROBERT FE. LAUFER, Mrs. BERTHOLD LAUTERBACH, Mrs. JULIUS G. LAVENDER, Mrs. JOHN M. LAVIDGE, ARTHUR W. LAVIN, Mrs. D. J. Law, M. A. LAWRENCE, B. E. LAWRENCE, MIss ELMA V. LAWRENCE, VICTOR E. LAWSON, LOWELL A. LAWTON, SAMUEL T. LAZARUS, W. H. LAZERSON, ABRAHAM LEACH, GEORGE T. LEAL, Miss RoskE B. LEATHERS, Mrs. G. M. LEeDuc, Mrs. A. LEE, ANDREW LEE, EDWARD T. LEE, ERNEST E. LEE, J. OWEN LEE, Mrs. JOSEPH EDGAR LEE, Mrs. W. GEORGE LEECH, Miss ALICE LEES, WILLIAM LEETE, ROBERT 8. LEFFEL, P. C. LEIGH, EDWARD B. LEIGHT, EDWARD A. LEMAN, Mrs. W. T. LEMON, HARVEY B. LENFESTEY, Mrs. J. R. LENNOX, EDWIN LENZ, Mrs. GEORGE LESAGE, REv. JOHN J. LESLIE, JOHN WOODWORTH LESMAN, Mrs. GEORGE H. LESSER, SOL LESTER, ALBERT G. LEVETT, Dr. JOHN LEVEY, CLARENCE J. LEVIN, I. ARCHER LEVIN, LOUIS LEVINE, WILLIAM 508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII LEVINKIND, MORRIS LEVINSON, DAVID LEVINSON, SALMON O. LEVIS, JOHN M. LEVITT, GEORGE G. Levy, Mrs. ARTHUR K. Levy, Harry H. Levy, Mrs. SAMUEL LEWALD, W. B. LEWIN, MIss ESTELLA Lewis, A. A. LEwIs, Mrs. CHARLES REA LEWIS, Miss Eva Lewis, Mrs. Harry G. LEwis, J. HENRY Lewis, Mrs. R. H. LEwIs, MISS SARA LEwIs, Mrs. WALKER O. L’ HOMMEDIEU, ARTHUR LICHTENSTEIN, WALTER Lipov, Mrs. SAMUEL J. LIEBENTHAL, MRS. JOHN HENRY LIEBERTHAL, DR. EUGENE P. LINDLEY, Mrs. FRED W. LINDSTROM, ADOLPH LINK, Mrs. ROBERT LINKMAN, LouIS B. LINN, Mrs. JAMES WEBER LINN, Mrs. W. Scott LIPKIN, MAURICE S. LIPMAN, ABRAHAM LIPPERT, ALOYSIUS C. LIPPMAN, Mrs. HELEN M. LipsEY, WILLIAM J. LIsT, PAULUS LISTER, HAROLD R. LITSINGER, Mrs. EDWARD R. LITTLE, CHARLES G. LIVINGSTON, Mrs. K. J. LLEWELLYN, ARTHUR J. Luoyp, A. E. LiLoyp, Mrs. GRACE CHAPMAN LOBDELL, Harry H. LODGE, FRED 8. Lors, ARTHUR A. LOEB, Mrs. ESTELLE T. Logs, Dr. LuDwic M. Logs, Mrs. MICHAEL S. LOEBL, JERROLD LOEHR, KARL C. LOEHWING, Marx LOESCH, CHARLES F. LogEsmrR, LouIS LOEWENHERZ, EMANUEL LOGAN, FRANK G. LOGAN, FREDERIC D. LOGAN, Mrs. JOHN A. LONDON, HARRY LONDON, LIONEL LORENZ, Mrs. GEORGE W. LORENZEN, A. F. LORENZEN, H. Louny, Mrs. E. LOWENBACH, Mrs. WILLIAM L. LOWENTHAL, LEO B. Lowry, Mrs. NELSON H. Lowy, RUDOLPH Lozier, Mrs. H. G. Lucas, Dr. A. L. LUEBBERT, WILLIAM C. Lusk, Ross C. Lust, Mrs. H. C. LUSTIG, MAURICE Lutz, Mrs. EDWARD F. LuTzow, FRED H. LYDSTON, Mrs. G. FRANK LYMAN, Mrs. H. C. LyNcH, Miss VIOLA MARION LyncH, Mrs. V. REGES LYON, WILLIAM I. MacARTHUR, FRED V. MACcCLANE, Mrs. J. H. MACDONALD, E. K. MacDONALD, Mrs. J. P. MACFADDEN, WILLIAM MACFARLAND, LANNING MACFARLANE, WILBERT E. MacGILh, Mrs. WILLIAM V. MacGreEGor, Mrs. DAVID JOHN MacHarc, MALCOLM MACKELLAR, DR. JOHN D. MACKENZIE, MRs. G. S. MACLEAN, Mrs. M. H. MaAcLeEop, Dr. S. B. MacMAHOon, Mrs. CORNELIUS C. MAcMuRRAY, JAMES FE. MACNEILLE, Mrs. C. T. MAcoms, J. DENAVARRE Mappock, Miss ALIcE E. MapsEN, Mrs. T. E. MAEBLE, J. L. MAEHLER, ARTHUR E. MAGNUS, PHILIP H. MAHER, MRs. PHILIP B. Manon, Mrs. Mary T. Mair, ROBERT MAISEL, GEORGE MAJARAKIS, JAMES MALEy, THOMAS E. JAN. 1931 MALKOV, DAVID S. MALTMAN, MIss ELIZABETH FE. MALTMAN, JAMES MANASSE, EDWIN H. MANASTER, HENRY MANEGOLD, FRANK MANEGOLD, Mrs. FRANK W. MANHEIMER, ARTHUR E. MANIERRE, JOHN T. MANN, Mrs. C. HAMMOND Mann, Mrs. Louis P. MANSFIELD, ALFRED W. MARKHAM, H. I. Marks, ALEXANDER MARKS, ARNOLD K. Marks, ELLIS MARKS, EMANUEL MARKUS, JOSEPH FE. MARLING, MRS. FRANK, JR. MARSH, CHARLES L. MARSH, GEORGE E. MarsH, JOHN MCWILLIAMS MARSHALL, G. E. MARSHALL, RAPHAEL P. MarsTON, Mrs. T. B. MartTIN, Miss BEss B. MartTIN, Mrs. C. E. MARTIN, EDWARD MARTIN, Mrs. EMIL MartTIN, Mrs. GLEN E. MarTIN, MELLEN C. MarTIN, Mrs. WALTER G. ManrrtTIN, Z. E. MARWIG, EDWARD R. Mason, Mrs. GEORGE H. MASSENA, Roy MASTERS, HARDIN W. MASTIN, Mrs. W. H. MATCHETT, MRS. JAMES C. MATHER, ORIAN A. MATHEWS, ALBERT MATHEWS, MISS JESSIE MATHEWS, MRs. SHAILER MATHISON, Howarp C. Matson, H. M. Matson, Mrs. J. EDWARD MATTESON, Mrs. DEForRREST A. MATTHEWS, FRANCIS E. MATTHIES, Dr. MABEL M. MATUSHEK, H. A. Matz, Miss RutH H. MAuvRER, Mrs. JOHN 8. MAUTNER, MRS. VILMA MAXWELL, Mrs. EDWARD E. May, Mrs. GEORGE T., JR. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR May, SOL MAYER, ADOLPH A. C. MAYER, CLARENCE MAYER, Mrs. DAVID, JR. MAYER, FRANK MAYER, Mrs. JOSEPH MAYLAND, DR. WALTER C. McALEAR, JAMES McALLISTER, M. HALL McArTHUR, DR. LEWIS L. McARTHUuR, Mrs. S. W. McCaunpy, JAMES B. McCa.u, Mrs. ROBERT L. McCALL, S. T. McCann, D. McCarTHy, GEORGE H. McCLAIN, Dr. HARRIS W. McCLELLAND, Mrs. E. B. McCLuRE, DONALD McCLuRE, D. T. McCome, Mrs. JAMES J. McCoNNELL, G. MALCOLM McCONNELL, JOHN L. McCOoNNELL, JOHN W. McCormMac, DAVID, SR. McCorMACK, J. W. McCormick, ALISTER H. McCormick, Miss ELIZABETH D. McCoy, CHARLES S. McCoy, W. E. McCrREIGHT, Harry A. McDONALD, Mrs. FRANK W. McDoNnaALD, L. McDONALD, W. B. McDONNELL, Mrs. MICHAEL McDouGAL, DAVID B. McDouGALL, Mrs. C. R. McDouGALL, Mrs. EDWARD G. McDowE Lt, Miss Mary E. McELHONE, MRs. FRED McFADDEN, EVERETT R. McFARLAND, Mrs. ELLIS McGarry, JOHN A. McGinty, Miss ALIcE L. McGoueu, S. P. McGRATH, GEORGE E. McGRATH, THOMAS S. McGREGOR, JAMES P. McGuINN, EDWARD B. McGuire, Simms D. McGuire, DR. WALTER GEORGE McHEnry, ROLAND McIntTosH, Mrs. RoBertT L. McKay, Dr. N. B. McKEnNnNA, Mrs. JAMES J. 509 510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII McKIBBIN, Mrs. GEORGE B. McKINNEY, Mrs. JAMES McKINNEY, W. O. McKNIGHT, WILLIAM M. McLAUGHLIN, A. G. MCLAUGHLIN, DANIEL F. MCLAUGHLIN, FRANK L. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES H. McLAUGHLIN, DR. JOHN W. McLaury, Mrs. C. W. McManus, J. P. McMurray, Mrs. GEORGE NEWTON McNABB, PETER M. McNarr, FRANK McNAIR, FRANKLIN C. McNAMARA, ROBERT C. McNAMEEB, PETER F. McNBIL, Mrs. ALBERT G. McNERNY, MATHEW F. McPHERSON, DONALD F. McQuaip, E. J. MCSURELY, Mrs. WILLIAM H. MCWILLIAMS, E. S. MEACHAM, Miss KATHLEEN MeEap, E. ALLEN MEapD, Mrs. OLIve M. MEAD, WILLIAM H. MEADE, Mrs. MARTHA MEARDON, Mrs. SARAH MECHEM, J. C. MEEK, MISS MARGARET E. MEEKER, ARTHUR MEEKER, MRS. GEORGE W. MEGAwW, LLOYD F. MEGOWAN, LEWIS E. MEHLHOpP, F. W. MEIGS, JAMES B. MEINERS, Mrs. J. C. MEINHARDT, HARRY MELAVEN, J. G. MELLANDER, PAUL C. MELLEN, Miss MARTHA JANE MELLON, MISS FRANCES A. MENGDEN, MRs. F. W. MENGE, Dr. FREDERICK MENTEN, THOMAS H. MENTZER, J. P. MERCER, Dr. AUGUST W. MEREDITH, DAvis D. MEREDITH, O. F. MERRICK, Mrs. CLINTON MERRIFIELD, FRED MERRILL, MRs. J. J. MERRIMAN, Mrs. WILLIs L. MESSENGER, DON E. METCOFF, Dr. SAMUEL METTLER, Mrs. L. HARRISON METZGER, MRS. GEORGE B. METZGER, MRS. J. FRED MEYER, CHARLES Z. MEYER, DANIEL A. MEYER, HOWARD F. MEYER, DR. SAMUEL J. MICHAEL, Mrs. HERMAN MIDDLETON, Mrs. J. A. MIDDLETON, Miss May E. MIKTYN, Mrs. ANTHONY I. MILCHRIST, FRANK T. MILEHAM, Miss IRENE MILLARD, Mrs. E. L. MILLER, CHARLES J. MILLER, Mrs. EDMUND T. MILLER, EDWARD L. MILLER, HENRY G. MILLER, MRs. JAMES A. MILLER, M. GLEN MILLER, MAXWELL P. MILLER, PAUL MILLER, RICHARD O. MILLER, R. T. MILLETT, A. A. _ MILLIGAN, S. K. MILLIKEN, Mrs. KATE MILLS, Mrs. EpwIn S. MILLSApPS, J. H. MILNER, CHARLES T. MINER, FRED G.. MINK, DWIGHT L. MINSK, Dr. Louis D. MiscuH, Mrs. Harry N. MISKELLA, WILLIAM J. MITCHELL, ABRAHAM MITCHELL, CLARENCE B. MITCHELL, ERNEST I. MITCHELL, Mrs. FREDERICK R. MITCHELL, MRS. GEORGE R. MITCHELL, DR. JAMES HERBERT MITCHELL, Mrs. O. L. MIZEN, FREDERICK KIMBALL MODENE, OSCAR F. Mok, Mrs. CHESTER CHARLES MOESSEL, PROFESSOR JULIUS MOLDENHAUER, DR. WILLIAM J. MO.LTER, Mrs. W. H. Monaco, Dr. DoNAT F. MoncHow, MIss HELEN C. MONIGHAN, MRs. J. MOoNnNILAW, DR. WILLIAM J. MonrogE, Mrs. H. L. MONTAGUE, O. O. JAN. 1931 MOoNTER, Mrs. CHARLES G. MONTGOMERY, FREDERICK D. MONTGOMERY, Mrs. F. H. MoNnTGOMERY, Mrs. H. M.S. MONTGOMERY, JOHN R. MOooneEY, WILLIAM H. Moore, Mrs. A. CLARKE Moors, Mrs. AGNES C. Moore, Mrs. ARTHUR W. Moore, Dr. BEVERIDGE H. Moore, Dr. FRANK D. Moore, FREDERICK W. Moors, JAMES H. Moors, Dr. JOSIAH J. Moore, Mrs. J. W. Moore, Miss M. ELEANOR Moore, NATHAN G. Moore, NorTH Moore, Oscar L. Moors, PAUL Moore, Mrs. S. W. Moore, Mrs. W. V. Moore, Dr. WILLIS MOoRELLE, Mrs. LELA C. Morr, Mrs. PAwut F. Morcan, Mrs. F. W. MORGENTHAU, MRs. SIDNEY L. MORONEY, JOHN J. Morris, IRA NELSON Morris, Dr. ROBERT W. Morrison, Mrs. C. R. MorRISON, THEODORE S. Morse, CLEVELAND Morton, Dr. EDWARD C. MossrR, PAUL MosgEs, ERNEST C. MOovuLtTon, Dr. EUGENE A. MOULTON, WILLIAM A. Mowry, ROBERT D. _ Moyer, Miss MABEL M. MOYLAN, JOHN N. MupDGE, BURTON MUELLER, DR. E. W. MULFORD, FRANK B. MULLALY, REV. EDWARD J. MULLEN, TIMOTHY F. MULLIKEN, A. H. Murrey, E. T. R. Murpny, Miss C. MurpuHy, Miss CATHERINE M. MURPHY, J. P. Murpny, Mrs. J. R. MurRAY, ROBERT H. MUSGRAVE, DR. GEORGE J. MyYErs, EDWIN F. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Nabors, A. G. NACHTRIEB, CHARLES G. NADEAU, Mrs. Oscar E. NADLER, CHARLES NAESS, SIGURD E. NAFFzZ, Dr. E. F. NAFFz, Mrs. Louis E. NANCE, WILLIS D. NASH, PATRICK A. NATH, BERNARD NATHANSON, MAURICE J. NAu, OTTO F. NAYLOR, MIss MARJORIE VIRGINIA NEAL, THOMAS C. NEAL, Mrs. W. B. NEELY, Mrs. Luoyp F. NEFF, W. A. NEIDLINGER, ROBERT J. NEISE, GEORGE N. NELLIS, Mrs. FRANK E., JR. NELSON, ALVIN E. NELSON, Miss Amy L. NELSON, BYRON NELSON, CHARLES M. NELSON, HAROLD F. NELSON, DR. OLE C. NELSON, PETER B. NELSON, ROLAND B. NELSON, Mrs. WILLIAM D. NELSON, WILLIAM H. NEMIRO, Dr. A. F. NENNEMAN, WILLIAM T. NERGARD, EDWIN J. NETSCH, Mrs. WALTER A. NEUBERGER, CARL A. NEVINS, JOHN C. NEWBERRY, Miss Mary L. NEWBORG, Miss FRANCES NEWBURGER, J. M. NEWCOMB, Mrs. B. V. NEWMAN, Mrs. H. H. NEWMAN, Mrs. JACOB NEWTON, DONALD W. NIBLACK, Mrs. WILLIAM C. NICHOLS, Dr. H. NICHOLS, Mrs. LESLIE H. NICHOLSON, MRS. FRANK G. NICHOLSON, Mrs. JOHN A. NICKELSON, S. T. NICKERSON, J. F. NICKEY, D. E. Niesz, HoMER E. NILES, W. A. NIMMONS, GEORGE C. NOBLE, F. H. 511 512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—REports, VOL. VIII NORDHOLZ, DR. WILLIAM C. NoRMAN, DAN NorRIs, EBEN H. NorRIS, Mrs. WILLIAM S. NORTHAM, MARTIN KENT NorTHROP, MRS. GEORGE N. NORTHRUP, LORRY R. NortHEIs, Mrs. J. F. NOURSE, FREDERICK W. Novak, Dr. FRANK J., JR. NOVOTNY, EDWARD F. Nowak, MAXWELL M. NOYES, ERNEST H. Noyes, Mrs. JOHN HicH NUGENT, DR. O. B. NUTTING, C. G. NUYTTENS, ALFRED A. NYE, Mrs. JAMES W. Nye, Mrs. WILLIAM J. OBER, WOODBURY S. O’BRIEN, GEORGE W. O’BRIEN, M. J. O’BRIEN, QUIN O’BRIEN, WILBUR J. O’CALLAGHAN, HENRY O’CONNELL, WILLIAM L. ODELL, Mrs. JAMES A. O’DONNELL, Mrs. SIMON O”’ DONOVAN, DANIEL J. OFNER, JARVIS OLESON, Mrs. J. P. OLESON, DR. RICHARD BARTLETT OLIPHANT, MELVILLE J. OLIVER, ROYSTON OLMSTEAD, MRS. G. G. OLMSTEAD, RALPH W. OLSEN, Mrs. ARTHUR O. OLSEN, OLAF C. 8. OLSEN, Mrs. SIGURD OLSEN, Mrs. WALTER A. QPDYKE, Mrs. RUSSELL H. O’ REILLY, FRANK HuGH OrpDoN, Dr. H. J. OrmMSBY, Mrs. FRANK E. OrmsBy, Miss KATHRYN L. Orr, Mrs. WILLIAM GEORGE D. ORRELL, Mrs. Mary E. ORRICO, JOSEPH R. Oscoop, Harry B. OSSENDORFF, Dr. K. W. OSTERLING, ALBIN O. OSTERMANN, Mrs. R. M. OstoTT, Mrs. Murray M. O’SULLIVAN, Miss MINNIE O’TOOoLE, Mrs. BARTHOLOMEW OTT, JOHN NASH OTTE, E. C. OTTE, Huco E. OTTER, WILLIAM OUTCAULT, Mrs. RICHARD F., JR. PABST, F. PACKMAN, CLARENCE E. PACZYNSKI, Mrs. Louis J. PADDOCK, DR. CHARLES E. PAIN, Mrs. JOHN T. PALMER, PROFESSOR CLAUDE IRWIN PALMER, GEORGE B. PALMER, J. M. PALMER, P. B., JR. PALMER, ROBERT F. PANDALEON, CosTA A. PARDEE, Dr. L. C. PARKER, AUSTIN H. PARKER, CLIFFORD PARKER, MRs. F. W. PARKER, GEORGE S. PARKER, LESLIE M. ParRKS, J. W. PARKS, O. J. PARMLY, Mrs. SAMUEL P. ‘ PARSONS, FERDINAND H. PARSONS, W. E., Passow, Mrs. Louts A. Patcu, Mrs. G. M. PATCH, Mrs. W. PATEK, EDWARD J. PATERSON, MORTON L. PATTERSON, Mrs. Harry C. PATTERSON, Mrs. H. H. PATTERSON, MRS. WALLACE PATTISON, WILLIAM J. PATTON, DR. FRED P. PATTON, WALTER I. PAULEY, CLARENCE O. PAVEY, WILLIAM B. PAWLEY, Mrs. ERNEST C. PEACE, CHARLES FE. PEACOCK, CHARLES D. PEARL, ALLEN S. PECK, MRs. CHARLES G. PECK, Mrs. JAMES O. PECK, ROBERT G. PEDERSEN, A. R. PENCE, E. M. PENCIK, MILES F. PENNINGTON, Mrs. RoBErT B. PENROSE, GEORGE PENTECOST, LEWIS J. JAN. 1931 PEPPLE, Mrs. ELOIse D. PERING, CHARLES H. PERKINS, Mrs. GEORGE P. PERKINS, Mrs. Harry F. PERRY, Mrs. LESLIE L. PERRYMAN, Mrs. HATTIE S. PESCHERET, Mrs. LEON R. PETERS, G. M. PETERSEN, Mrs. C. PETERSEN, Miss DorRIs PETERSEN, Mrs. Juuius A. PETERSON, Dr. A. B. PETERSON, Dr. A. E. PETERSON, Mrs. ANNA J. PETERSON, CHARLES S. PETERSON, J. E. PETERSON, LEONARD PETERSON, PERCIVAL C. PETRAKIS, Mrs. MARK E. PEYRAUD, Mrs. FRANK C. PFAELZER, Mrs. LAWRENCE W. PFEIFFER, MRS. JACOB PFLAGER, CHARLES W. PHALEN, W. J. PHELAN, Miss ANNA E. PHELAN, CHARLES PHELPS, Cassius H. PHELPS, Mrs. EDWARD J. PHELPS, ERASTUS R. PHELPS, Mrs. LOUISE DEKOVEN PHILLIPS, FLOYD M. PHILLIPS, Mrs. HERBERT E. PHILLIPS, HOWARD C. PICKARD, Mrs. W. A. PICKEL, WILLIAM PICKELL, J. RALPH PICKRELL, HARVEY PrierRcE, Mrs. C. E. PIERCE, Miss Eva J. PIERCE, RALPH 8. PIETSCH, Mrs. CHARLES F. PIETSCH, WALTER G. PIGALL, Mrs. JOSEPH S. PINYERD, CARL A. PIOWATY, Mrs. CARL Piper, Mrs. ADOLPH H. PISTER, REV. JACOB PITZNER, ALWIN FREDERICK PLAcg, F. E. PLAMONDON, ALFRED D. PLATH, KARL PLATTENBURG, 8. R. PLETCHER, T. M. PLIMPTON, Mrs. NATHAN C. PLUMLEY, HAROLD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 513 PoaGE, R. C. PoIsEL, Miss MARY POEEAKY Code POLLENZ, HENRY POMEROY, MRS. CHRISTINE POND, GEORGE F. Pork, Mrs. G. J. Pops, S. AUSTIN Popp, Mrs. LEE W. PORIKOS, GEORGE S. PORONTO, HALSEY E. PorTgER, Mrs. LEE W. PORTERFIELD, R. H. PorRTIS, DR. BERNARD Portis, Dr. SIDNEY A. Post, DR. WILBER E. PoTTER, Dr. HOLuis FE. POWELL, MRS. CHARLES L. POWELL, Mrs. JOHN H. POWELL, Mrs. LAWRENCE H. POWELL, W. H. POWELL, Mrs. WILLIAM H. PoyYER, Mrs. STEPHEN A. PRATT, MRS. E. C. PREBIS, Mrs. JOHN A. PREBLE, Mrs. A. C. PRENTICE, OLIVER J. PreEus, Mrs. J. A. O. Prick, Mrs. MINNIE S. PRICE, Mrs. THOMAS J. PRIDE, MRS. RICHARD PRINCE, REV. HERBERT W. PRINDLE, JAMES H. PRINDLE, M. L. PRINGLE, MRS. GEORGE W. PRINGLE, Mrs. JAMES FE. PROESCH, Mrs. L. C. PRONGER, HERMAN F. PROSSER, H. G. PROSSER, Mrs. JOHN A. PROTHEROE, DANIEL PRUYN, Mrs. WILLIAM H.., JR. PRYOR, MAURICE G. Pryor, Miss SHIRLEY K. Pryor, WILLIS S. PULVER, ALBERT G. PULVER, HENRI PIERRE PURCELL, Dr. F. A. PUTNAM, C. PUTNAM, CHARLES F. PUTNAM, RUFUS W. PUTTKAMMER, Mrs. E. PYNCHON, MRs. CHARLES E. PyotTt, Mrs. D. A. PYTEREK, REV. PETER H. 514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorRY—REPporRtS, VOL. VIII QUACKENBUSH, SAMUEL H. QUINN, Davip H. QUINN, EDWARD J. RABE, VICTOR H. RABER, FRANKLIN RAGSDALE, LEE E. RALEIGH, JAMES F. RALSTON, HARRIS P. RamIs, LEON LIPMAN RAMSEY, Mrs. GEORGE T. RANDALL, C. M. RANDICK, Miss SARA A. RANNEY, Mrs. GEORGE A. RANSTEAD, MERRITT M. RAPAPORT, MorRRIS W. Rapp, Leo E. Rapp, Mrs. Mary G. RASMUSSEN, FRANK RATHJE, Mrs. FRED C. RATHJE, MRS. JOSEPHINE L. Ray, Harry K. RAYMER, GEORGE L. RAYMOND, C. E. RAYMOND, CLIFFORD S. RAYMOND, EDWARDS FREDERIC READ, Mrs. J. J. REDMAN, STERLING L. REDPATH, JAMES B. REEBIE, Mrs. ARTHUR W. REED, Mrs. JOHN W. REED, RuFus M. REED, WALTER S. REED, WILLIAM P. REED, Mrs. WILLIAM P. REEDER, R. R., JR. REESE, Miss CATHERINE E. REEVES, Mrs. HENRY REFFELT, Miss F. A. REGENSBURG, JAMES REHM, MIss EMILY REHM, HENRY J. REID, HUGH REID, P. GORDON REIN, LESTER E. REINECK, Miss EDNA M. REINHARDT, Mrs. HENRY L. REISS, PAUL ReITz, Miss CARRIE E. Remy, Mrs. WILLIAM RENSHAW, Mrs. WILLIAM F., Sr. REQUA, WILLIAM B. Reuss, Mrs. Henry H. REYNOLDS, MISS FLORENCE E. REYNOLDS, GEORGE H. REYNOLDS, HAROLD F. REYNOLDS, Mrs. HENRY J. REYNOLDS, Miss MARION J. REYNOLDS, MIss VERA REx, W. H. RHOADES, Mrs. ELMER LAMONT RHODES, Mrs. CAREY W. RHODES, Mrs. J. H. RHODES, W. E. RIBBACK, Mrs. N. Rice, Mrs. CHARLES R. RIcge, OTTO M. Rice, Mrs. W. W. RICH, KENNETH F. RICHARDS, GEORGE D. RICHARDSON, Mrs. ADDIE R. RICHARDSON, GRANVILLE W. RICHARDSON, HENRY R. Rick, Miss FLORENCE RIDDIFORD, Miss EMILY J. RIDER, Mrs. W. B. RIEDER, W. F. RIEL, G. A. Ries, Mrs. LESTER S. RIETVELD, S. J. RIGALI, Mrs. L. R. Riges, Mrs. ELMER S. ' RIGHEIMER, Miss Lucy F. RILEY, Miss Mary A. RIPLEY, Mrs. ALLEN B. RIPLEY, Mrs. E. P. RITCHIE, Mrs. ROBERT Roacu, Mrs. Epwarp A. ROADIFER, W. H. ROANE, WARREN ROBBINS, LAWRENCE B. ROBERTS, FRANCIS R. ROBERTS, JESSE E. ROBERTS, MIss NELLIE E. ROBERTS, SETH B. ROBINSON, Mrs. A. F. ROBINSON, CHARLES R. ROBINSON, Miss NELLIE ROBINSON, R. V. ROBINSON, S. O. L. ROBSON, Mrs. OSCAR ROCKWELL, THEODORE G. ROCKWOOD, FREDERICK T. RODEN, CARL B. Roprick, Mrs. Isaac RoE, Miss CAROL F. ROEFER, HENRY A. RoGers, Dr. DANIEL W. Rocers, Mrs. H. L. RoceErs, J. W. JAN. 1931 ROLFES, GERALD A. ROLLAND, FREDERICK GEORGE ROLLO, EGBERT ROLNICK, Dr. Harry C. ROODHOUSE, BENJAMIN T. ROONEY, HON. JOHN J. RopER, F. E. RosBoro, O. A. Ross, E. E. Rose, Mrs. THOMAS ROSENBACH, Mrs. MorrIs ROSENBAUM, JULIUS ROSENBERG, BERNHARD ROSENFELD, M. J. ROSENFELS, IRWIN S. ROSENFIELD, Morris 8. ROsENOW, MILTON C. ROSENSTEIN, JOSEPH ROSENTHAL, NATHAN H. ROSENTHAL, MRS. RALPH J. ROSENTHAL, MRS. SAMUEL ROSENTHAL, Mrs. W. L. Ross, Dr. L. J. Ross, SAMUEL M. RotH, ARTHUR J. RotH, HENRY RotH, Mrs. LESTER ROTHSCHILD, Mrs. LOuIsS G. ROTHSTEIN, Dr. THOR ROUNTREE, LINGARD T. ROWE, CHARLES B. ROWELL, Dr. L. W. ROWLES, E. W. A. Row Ley, Mrs. JAMES F. Roy, Mrs. ERVIN L. Rup, Mrs. ANTHONY RupDOoLPH, Miss BERTHA RUETTINGER, J. C. RUGGLES, DR. WILLIAM L. RUMMLER, EUGENE A. RUNZEL, W. L., SR. RuPERT, Mrs. F. B. RUPPRECHT, BERT A. RUSSELL, Mrs. THOMAS CHARLES RutH, Miss THYRA J. RUTHERFORD, M. D. RYAN, Henry B. RYAN, Miss MARGARET E. Rycrort, Mrs. HERBERT E. SABATH, ISIDOR SACHS, PAUL J. SACHS, PHILIP:G. SACKLEY, Mrs. JOHN B. SALINGER, HARRY ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SALK, Mrs. JACOB SALSMAN, Mrs. ALICE K. SALTZSTEIN, FELIX C. SALZMAN, MAX J. SAMPSON, H. J. SAMUELS, Mrs. LEo S. SANDERS, Mrs. L. L. SANFORD, THOMAS F. SANDS, Mrs. FRANCES B. SANDS, Mrs. HENRY SANTSCHI, Mrs. E. SAPLITZKY, Miss BESSIE M. SAUERMAN, JOHN A. SAUNDERS, PERCY G. SAWYER, Miss ANNA GRACE SAWYER, Dr. C. F. SAWYER, MRS. PERCY SAXMANN, DR. HARRIET E. SAYERS, Mrs. A. J. SAYRE, DR. LOREN D. SCHAAR, BERNARD E. ScCHAD, MRs. G. F. SCHAFER, O. J. SCHAFFNER, Mrs. ALBERT SCHAFFNER, ARTHUR B. SCHAFFNER, HERBERT T. SCHANTZ, O. M. SCHAUS, CARL J. SCHELLENBERG, MISS META SCHENCK, MRs. R. F. SCHENKEL, Mrs. H. A. SCHERER, ANDREW SCHERMERHORN, RICHARD A. SCHIEWE, ROBERT A. SCHIFF, SYDNEY K. SCHIMMEL, PHILIP W. SCHMIDT, ADOLPH SCHMIDT, ARTHUR C. E. ScHMIDT, Mrs. OTTo G. SCHMIDT, Dr. OTTO L. SCHMIDT, RICHARD FE. SCHMIDT, THEODORE SCHNEIDER, BENJAMIN B. SCHNEIDER, C. A. SCHNEIDER, GEORGE A. SCHNIGLAU, CHARLES H. SCHOELLKOPF, Mrs. E. C. SCHOENBRUN, LEO SCHOENFELD, Mrs. R. A. SCHOEPFLE, Mrs. MARTIN SCHOLL, DAVID H. SCHRADER, MISS HARRIET N. SCHRADZKI, H. R. SCHRAMKA, MRS. FRANK J. SCHREINER, MRS. CHARLES A. 515 516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII SCHREINER, Mrs. FRANCIS LOUIS SCHROEDER, AUGUST F. SCHROEDER, Dr. Mary G. SCHROEDER, P. A. SCHROLL, W. H. SCHUELER, ROBERT SCHULZE, PAUL ScHUMANN, Mrs. F. E. ScHuTTse, Mrs. I. W. ScHWAB, Dr. LESLIE W. ScHWAB, MARTIN C. ScHWARTZ, Loults 8. SCHWARTZ, DR. OTTO SCHWARZ, AUGUST SCHWARZ, Dr. LEIGH E. SCHWEITZER, E. O. SCHWEITZER, RICHARD J. SCHWEIZER, CARL SCOFIELD, TIMOTHY J. Scott, GERALD R. Scott, GEORGE H. Scott, DR. WALTER DILL ScuDDER, Mrs. LAWRENCE W. ScuLLY, MISS FLORENCE E. SEARLE, Dr. C. HOWARD SEATON, G. LELAND SEAVERNS, LouIs C. SEBELIEN, A. E. SEED, Miss ETHEL W. SEEHAUSEN, GILBERT B. SEFTON, MRS. JOHN SEIBOLD, ARTHUR B. SEIDSCHER, JACOB SEIFER, Mrs. N. SEIFERT, Mrs. EMMA SEIFERT, Mrs. WILLIAM B. SEIP, FRED SELIG, Mrs. JOSEPH J. SELLERS, Mrs. O. R. SELLING, HAROLD N. SELOVER, Miss JULIA M. SELZ, EMANUEL SEuz, Mrs. J. HARRY SENEAR, Dr. F. E. SENIOR, Mrs. JOHN L. SERGEANT, WALTER E. SETHNESS, CHARLES O. SEUBOLD, Dr. F. H. SEXTON, Mrs. THOMAS G. SEYMOUR, FRED P. Seymour, H. W. SHAFFER, Mrs. NORMAN P. SHANAHAN, DAVID E. SHANAHAN, Mrs. F. H. SHANESY, Mrs. RALPH D. SHIBLEY, A. E. SHANKS, OSCAR SHANNON, NBIL J. SHAPIRO, DR. HYMAN B. SHAPIRO, J. F. SHARP, Mrs. W. L. SHATTUCK, CHARLES H. SHAW, HENRY P. SHAw, Mrs. Henry P. SHAW, JOSEPH J. SHAW, Mrs. Mosss M. SHaw, Mrs. WALTER A. SHAY, JOHN B. SHEAHAN, MIss MARIE SHEARMAN, C. E. SHEDD, CHARLES FE. SHEPARD, Guy C. SHEPARD, STUART G. SHEPHERD, Mrs. CLAUDE H. SHERBAHN, JACOB M. SHERIDAN, L. J. SHERIFFS, WALTER A. SHERMAN, EDWIN SHERMAN, Mrs. FRANCIS C., SR. SHERMAN, H. C. SHERMAN, LoulIs A. SHERMAN, Mrs. ROBERT T. SHIPLEY, Mrs. LIONEL H. SHIPMAN, GEORGE E. SHIPPEY, MRS. CHARLES W. SHIVERICK, Mrs. A. F. SHONTS, MISS BEATRICE M. SHORT, FLoypD T. SHORT, J. R. SHORTALL, Mrs. JOHN G. SHORTALL, JOHN L. SHOWALTER, Miss ANNA B. SHRAMEK, Mrs. JAMES F. SHUMAN, JOHN R. SHURTLEFF, Miss L. H. SIEGENTHALER, MRS. JACOB L. SIERSMA, Mrs. ALBERT P. SIEVERS, WILLIAM H. SILBER, CLARENCE J. SILBERMAN, Mrs. J. D. SILLANI, Mrs. MABEL W. SILVERBERG, WILLIAM SILVERMAN, EDWIN SILVERMAN, JOSEPH SIMMONDS, DR. WALTER E. SIMMONS, PARKE E. SIMON, FELIX D. Srmmonps, Mrs. HARoLp B. Smuons, Mrs. GEorGE H. SIMONSON, ROGER A., JR. : | JAN. 1931 SIMPSON, Mrs. MAry EDITH SIMPSON, WALTER H. SINDELAR, JOSEPH C. SINDING, JOHN W. SINGLETON, Mrs. CHARLES J. SINGLETON, MIss ELIZABETH SIPPEL, Mrs. CORNELIUS SIQUELAND, T. A. StRAGUSA, Mrs. Ross D. Sisk, Mrs. Mary A. SISSON, MRs. VINTON E. SKALA, JOSEPH SKALA, RUDOLPH J. SKEEN, DAWSON H. SKILLMAN, MRS. FREDERIC B. SKINNER, JAMES G. Sxoc, Mrs. Lupvic SLADE, ALFRED SLADE, JOHN C. SLATEN, Mrs. FREDERICK A. SLEEPER, MRS. OLIVE C. SLEIGHT, Miss BARBARA H. SLINGLUFF, WILLIAM H. SLOAN, F. A. SLocum, Mrs. M. E. SMALE, MIss BESSIE T. SMALL, MISS JEAN SMEETH, Mrs. EDWIN E. SMEETH, Mrs. FAITH BEYE SMITH, Mrs. A. P. SMITH, Mrs. EDWARD E. SMITH, EDWARD PAGE SMITH, Mrs. EDWIN SMITH, DR. EDWIN M. SMITH, Dr. F. J. SMITH, FREDERICK W. SMITH, GILBERT M. SMITH, GLEN E. SMITH, Mrs. HAROLD M. SMITH, HENRY T. SMITH, Dr. HERMAN SMITH, HERMON DUNLAP SMITH, JESSE L. SMITH, DR. JOSEPH A. SMITH, LEATHAM D. SMITH, Miss MARY ROZET SMITH, PAISHE B. SMITH, SIDNEY H. SMITH, Mrs. WILFRED M. SMITH, WILLIAM D. SMITH, Mrs. WILLIAM T. SNITJER, Mrs. AGNES R. Snow, Mrs. SYDNEY B. SOARES, PROFESSOR THEODORE Gy SoBEY, Mrs. JOSEPH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Ray SOCATCH, Miss ANNA SOEST, WALTER H. SOLLITT, RALPH T. SOLOMON, Mrs. Lewis J. SOMERS, ROGER W. SOMERVILLE, Dr. C. W. SOMMERS, WERNER H. SonG, A. F. SONTAG, EDWARD A. SopPmER, Mrs. J. P., Jr. SOPER, THOMAS SORBER, Miss Mary E. SORENSEN, Mrs. Axx S. SORENSON, RALPH Z. SORLEY, DR. MILFoRD S. SPADES, M. H. SPARROW, Mrs. W. W. K. SPEED, DR. KELLOGG SPEER, HENRY D. SPENCER, MRS. FRANK BE. SPERRY, Mrs. DONALD D. SPEYER, Mrs. GEORGE W. SPIEGEL, PHILIP SPIESMAN, Dr. M. G. SPINDLER, MRs. R. W. SPOHR, FRANK M. SPRY, GEORGE SPURGEON, H. F. STAAR, RUDOLPH STAFFORD, CHARLES W. STALLWOOD, S. C. STANGLE, Mrs. Mary W. STANIEWICZ, JOSEPH V. STANTON, C.N. STARR, DR. PAUL STAUFFER, MRS. GRACE HAUSER STEARNS, FRED STEELE, LEO M. STEFFENSEN, SIGURD STEIN, Mrs. ADOLPH STEIN, DR. OTTO J. STEIN, Mrs. S. SIDNEY STEINBERG, SAMUEL E.. STEINFELDT, Dr. C. R. STEINSON, HENRY G. STENSON, MIss JANE A. STERLING, DOUGLAS T. STERN, Mrs. HERBERT L. STERN, JACOB §S. STERNBERG, MORRIS STEVENS, MRs. CLYDE G. STEVENS, DAvip H. STEVENS, ERNEST STEVENS, Mrs. JESSIE L. STEVENSON, ELLIOTT 518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VoL. VIII STEVENSON, JAMES C. STEVENSON, JAMES R. D. STEWART, MRS. PRITCHARD STEWART, S. CHANDLER STEWART, WILLIAM STIFLER, Mrs. J. M. STIGER, CHARLES W. Stites, Mrs. R. B. STILLE, ERNEST T. STOBBE, PAUL D. STOCKDALE, Dr. ALLEN A. StockTon, A. C. STOCKTON, Mrs. JOHN THAW STOCKTON, MIss JOSEPHINE STOEHR, KURT STOELTING, C. H. STOFFT, EDMOND B. Stokes, Miss MARGUERITS STOLL, Mrs. ANNIE G. STOLP, G. E. StoLz, Mrs. LEON STOLZENBACH, Miss EMMA W. STORKAN, Mrs. JAMES STovER, Mrs. JAMES D. STOVER, Mrs. RUSSELL STRATEN, Dr. HUBERT J. STRAUS, ELI M. Strauss, Mrs. LEE J. STRAWBRIDGE, Mrs. CHARLES H. STRAWN, TAYLOR STREET, C. R. STRIBLEN, HARRY STRIGL, F. C. STRINGER, JOHN T. Strom, ARTHUR B. STRONG, GORDON STRONG, Dr. L. WILLIS STUART, ALEXANDER STUART, CHARLES W. STUBBS, J. S. STUBENRAUCH, WILLIAM F. STUMES, CHARLES B. STURLA, Harry L. STURMAN, M. ROBERT STURTEVANT, Roy E. SUBLETTE, Mrs. Oscar H. SUFFERN, EDWARD EH. SULLIVAN, FRANK R. SULLIVAN, GREY SULLIVAN, MICHAEL J. Summy, CLAYTON F. SUNDELL, ERNEST W. SUNDLOF, F. W. SUTCLIFFE, ELBERT GARY SUTCLIFFE, MISS SARAH E. SUTTER, Mrs. HARRY SUTTON, J. J. SUTTON, JOHN M. SWANSON, Mrs. BERTHA SWANSON, FRANK E. SWEARINGEN, HENRY CURTIS SWEET, DONALD H. Swirt, Mrs. ALDEN B. SwiFt, T. PHILIP SYPE, GEORGE Tabs, H. B. TAFT, ROBERT H. TALBOT, Mrs. EUGENE S., JR. TANKERSLEY, J. N. TASH, J. DONALD TATGE, Mrs. PAUL W. TAYLOR, ARTHUR HE. TAYLOR, Mrs. DANIEL TAYLOR, Mrs. EUGENE S. TAYLOR, FRANK F. TAYLOR, GRAHAM TAYLOR, L. S. TAYLOR, M. B. TAYLOR, Mrs. O. L. TEAGLE, E. W. - TECKEMEYER, A. O. TEGTMEYER, ERNEST F. TELFER, THOMAS A. TELLER, GEORGE L. TENNANT, COLIN MCK., Sr. TENNEY, HENRY F. TERPNING, B. E. TERRY, DR. C. Roy TERRY, Mrs. SCHUYLER B. THACHER, Mrs. F. B. THAL, MIss ELSIE THARALDSEN, Mrs. H. I. THAYER, HARRY W. THEOBALD, DR. WALTER H. THEURER, LOUIS F. Tuom, HENRY C. THOMAS, CHARLES F. THOMAS, REV. GEORGE H. Tuomas, Mrs. HENRY BASCOM THOMAS, RICHARD H., JR. THOMAS, Roy K. THOMAS, DR. WALTER N. THOMASON, S. E. THOMLINSON, Miss Eva M. THOMPSON, Mrs. ADA R. THOMPSON, LAVERN W. THOMPSON, MIss MAUDE THOMPSON, DR. ORION K. THOMSON, HERBERT B. — Se JAN. 1931 THORPE, Mrs. A. H. THORSNESS, LIONEL G. THROOP, GEORGE ENOS TIBBITS, Mrs. GEORGE F’. TIEDEBOHL, EDWARD R. TIEKEN, DR. THEODORE Tiers, Louis P. TIFFEN, HERBERT TIGHE, ALBERT D. TIMBERLAKE, Mrs. THOMAS M. Titus, Mrs. EDGAR V. TOBIN, Mrs. SAMUEL Topp, A. TopT, EDWARD GEORGE TomaJAN, Mrs. D. K. TONK, PERCY A. TooHBY, ELMER TooLe, Mrs. THEODORE T. TOWNER, FRANK H. TOWNER, H. C. TOWNSEND, Mrs. K. A. Tracy, ATLEE H. TRAER, CHARLES S. TRAMEL, FORSYTH TRAXLER, DR. ABIGAIL TRIGGS, CHARLES W. TROTZKEY, ELIAS L. TROUP, PAUL V. Trow, Mrs. WILLIAM H., JR. TROXEL, Mrs. THOMAS G. Troy, Leo J. TRuC, WALTER TRUDE, Mrs. A. S. TRUDE, Mrs. GEORGE A. TRUMAN, PERCIVAL H. TRUMBULL, MISS FLORENCE TRUMBULL, ROBERT F. TUBERGEN, DR. BENJAMIN F. TURNER, GEORGE TURNER, MRS. GEORGE T. TURNER, MARSHALL S. TuskaA, Mrs. ALICE TUTTLE, CHARLES TUTTLE, W. F. TWYMAN, ROBERT J. TYE, FRANK E. TYLER, ALFRED C. TYRRELL, FRANK J. UHLIR, JOSEPH Z. UnRic, Mrs. EMMA ULLERY, Mrs. C. E. ULLMAN, Mrs. ALBERT I. UPHAM, ROBERT P. URHEIM, Dr. O. J. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 519 UTLEY, GEORGE B. UTTER, ARTHUR J. VaIL, Mrs. G. B. VAILL, Mrs. J. H. VALENTINE, Miss MARGARET G. VANBUREN, Mrs. MILDRED VANCE, WALTER N. VANDELLEN, Dr. R. L. VANDENBERGH, MRS. PETER J. VANDEURSEN, JOHN S. VANDOREN, Mrs. W. H. VANHOOSEN, DR. BERTHA VANSCHAICK, Mrs. ETHEL R. VANSICKLE, K. L. VANWINKELE, JAMES Z. VARTY, LEO G. VAUGHAN, Mrs. G. M. VAUGHAN, ROGER T. VAUGHN, A. M. VENARD, Mrs. GEORGE C. VENNING, FRANK L. VENT, Miss DOROTHEA E. VERNIA, Mrs. EDWARD P. VETTERLIET, Miss ANNA S. Victor, Mrs. FELIX VICTOR, JOHN H. Viuas, Mrs. GEORGE B. VINTON, Mrs. GERTRUDE J. VLASAK, JOSEPH C. VOIGHT, JOHN P. VOLK, CARL B. VOLK, PAUL VOLTZ, DANIEL W. VOORHEES, JAMES M. VOORHEES, Mrs. L. P. VosE, Mrs. FREDERICK P. VOSE, WALTER 8. VOSHARDT, Mrs. H. F. WAALKES, MIss FLORA WADSWORTH, CHARLES WaADSWoRTH, Miss HELEN C. WAGNER, Miss CoLETTA M. WAGNER, EDWIN L. WAGNER, ERWIN WAGNER, H. D. WAGNER, MISS MABEL M. WAGNER, RICHARD WAITE, Miss MURIEL W. WALBERT, A. J. WALcoTT, Mrs. R. S. WALDECK, HERMAN WALDRON, JOHN C. WALDSCHMIDT, WILLIAM E. 520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. VIII WALDSCHMIDT, WILLIAM K. WALKER, BARTON F. WALKER, JAMES R. WALKER, DR. JAMES W. WALLNER, Dr. JOHN S. WALSH, MISS MARY WALTON, DR. B. C. WALTON, LYMAN A. WARD, B. E. WARD, Miss HARRIOT WARFIELD, Mrs. W.S. WARNER, Mrs. DAvID A. WARNER, Mrs. W. H. WARREN, Mrs. E. K. WARREN, Mrs. FRANK WARREN, WILLIAM G. WASHBURN, Dr. JAMES MURRAY WASHBURN, JOHN R. WaSkow, MRS. RICHARD G. WATERS, R. T. WATERSTRAAT, GEORGE B. WATKINS, FRANK A. WATKINS, FREDERICK A. WATKINS, JESSE M. WATSON, Mrs. HATHAWAY WATSON, Mrs. J. K. WATSON, VERNON S. WATSON, WILLIAM R. WATTERSON, Mrs. W. H. WAUGH, WILLIAM FRANCIS WAXMAN, Isaac D. WEAKLY, F. B. WEARY, EDWIN F. WEAVER, MRS. KATHERINE P. WEAVER, Miss PEARL L. WEBER, NORTON H. WEBSTER, CHARLES R. WEBSTER, EDGAR CONVERSE WEBSTER, Mrs. F. N. WEBSTER, TOWNER K., JR. WEDDELL, JOHN WEED, C. FRED WEGG, DONALD R. WEIL, C. H. WEIL, Mrs. Cari H. WEIL, Mrs. JULIUS E. WEIL, MRS. VICTOR WEINTROUB, BENJAMIN WEISBACH, JOHN G. WEISL, E. L. WEIss, Mrs. A. J. WEISSBRENNER, Dr. R. F. WELCH, Dr. JOHN T. WELLES, Mrs. DONALD P. WELLES, Mrs. EDWARD KENNETH WELLS, Mrs. Eva THORNTON WELLS, Howarp I. WENDELL, FRED WENDELL, MIss JOSEPHINE A. WENGLER, Miss ELLA E. WENTWORTH, JOHN WERELIUS, Mrs. AXEL WERNECKE, MISS BERTHA L. WERNER, RICHARD B. WEscoTT, Dr. Cassius D. WESSEL, Mrs. LEWIS WEST, FREDERICK T. WEsT, Dr. G. N. WEST, THOMAS H. WESTBROOK, Mrs. E. S. WESTON, CHARLES V. WESTPHAL, Miss Mary E. WHATLEY, S. T. WHEDON, MISS FRANCES E. WHEELER, Mrs. H. E. WHEELER, LESLIE M. WHEELER, SEYMOUR WHETZEL, Dr. F. F. WHISE, DR. MELCHIOR WuiTs, Miss BerRTHA M. WHITE, EMANUEL H. . WHITE, GEORGE H. WHITE, Miss LAuRA G. WHITE, W. J. WHITEFORD, MISS ELIZABETH A. WHITEHORN, Mrs. ARTHUR A. WHITING, ROBERT: B. WHITLOCK, S. J. WHITMAN, Miss CELIA M. WHITNEY, CHARLES P. WHITWELL, J. E. WICKLAND, ALGOT A. WICKS, JAMES E. WIELAND, Mrs. AGNES WIELAND, HAROLD G. WIENHOEBER, MIss EDNA C. WIERSMA, ASA WIGENT, MISS ZELLA WILBUR, FRED T. WILBy, Mrs. ARTHUR C. WILCE, GEORGE C. WILD, A. CLEMENT WILD, PAYSON S. WILD, RICHARD WILDER, Mrs. LOREN WILDER, PAUL WILDER, DR. RUSSELL M. WILEY, EDWARD N. WILHELM, FRANK EDWARD WILKEN, Mrs. THEODORE JAN. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR WILKEY, FRED S. WILKINS, Miss RuTH WILKINSON, Mrs. GEORGE D. WILLARD, GUY WILLETT, ALBERT V. WILLETT, HOWARD L. WILLIAMS, CHAUNCEY V. WILLIAMS, CLIFFORD H. WILLIAMS, Dr. E. B. WILLIAMS, Miss GWENDOLYN WILLIAMS, HARVEY S. WILuIAMs, Miss IRENE WILLIAMS, KENNETH WILLIAMS, LUCIAN E. WILLIAMS, LYNN A. WILLIAMS, Dr. T. J. WILLIAMSON, D. WILLMAN, PHILIP E. WILLS, VANLEER WILSON, ARTHUR R. Witson, Miss CAROLYN WILSON, Mrs. CHRISTOPHER J. WILson, E. L. WILSON, GEORGE LANDIS WILtson, Mrs. JOEL R. WILson, Lucius E. WILSON, PERCIVAL C. WILSON, Mrs. PERCY WItson, R. F. WILSON, Mrs. RoBERT E. Witson, Mrs. SYLVESTER E. WILSON, WILLIAM G. WILSON, WILLIAM R. WILSON, REV. WILLIS RAY WINDES, Mrs. FRANK A. WINpDsorR, Miss Mary L. WING, JOHN E. WINTERBOTHAM, Mrs. JOHN R., JR. WINTERS, Mrs. L. D. WISE, Mrs. HAROLD WITKOWSKY, JAMES WIVEL, Mrs. HERBERT W. WoLBACH, MURRAY WOoLcotTtT, CARL F. Wo.r, Miss PRUDENCE ANDERSON, RT. REV. C. P. BAKER, JAMES R. BANGS, WILLIAM D. Barstow, Dr. RHODA PIKE Brown, J. RICE Brown, W. GRAY BUCKINGHAM, JOHN WOLFE, WILLIAM C. WoLFF, CHRISTIAN J. Wo.rr, GEORGE F. Woop, DONALD Woop, MILTON G. Woopcock, Mrs. L. T. Wooprurr, Miss FLORENCE Wooprurr, M. P. Woops EDWARD G. Woops, FRED W. WoopDWARD, ROBERT M. WoopwortTH, Mrs. C. B. WoopyatTt, Dr. ROLLIN TURNER Woot, ISRAEL W. WorkKMAN, Mrs. DEAN M. Wray, Mrs. JAMES G. Wricut, Miss Dorothy A. WRIGHT, H. C. WRIGHT, Dr. JAMES A. WRIGHT, WILLIAM V. D. WRISLEY, GEORGE A. WYMAN, CHARLES H. YARROS, Dr. RACHELLE S. YATES, GEORGE A. YAVITZ, JOSEPH T. YEAKEL, DR. WILLIAM K. YEOMANS, CHARLES YOUNG, JAMES W. Younc, Mrs. JOHN M. YOUNGBERG, ARTHUR C. YOUNGLOVE, JAMES C. YUENGER, H. T. ZANDER, Mrs. I. M. ZANE, JOHN MAXCcyY ZEITZ, ANDREW R. ZENOS, REV. ANDREW C. ZIFF, PETER ZIMMERMAN, IRVING ZIMMERMAN, RALPH W. ZIMMERMANN, Mrs. P. T. ZOLLA, ABNER M. ZorRN, Mrs. LERoy J. ZUCKER, W. J. DECEASED, 1930 CAIN, CHARLES N. CLAVEY, F. D. Cookson, J. E. DAVIE, GEORGE F. Dix, HERBERT DOLESE, PETER Evuis, Mrs. J. W. 522 FreLpD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. VIII ForcH, JOHN L., JR. Forp, Mrs. CHARLES GRANT, LUKE Harvey, Mrs. C. E. HEINZ, L. HERMAN Hoac, Dr. JuNIusS C. Howpom, Hon. JESSE HOPKINS, WILLARD F. JOHNSTONE, BALFOUR KANTROW, LEO S. KLINE, R. R. KORHUMEL, JOSEPH N. KREBS, C. F. KUDERLING, Mrs. Mary B. LEE, Mrs. WILLIAM LOTKO, JOSEPH LYMAN, MRs. JAMES McCarty, CHARLES H. OSBORN, CLARK D. OWSLEY, HEATON PEACOCK, CHARLES A. SAYRE, ROCKWELL ScHWARTZ, G. A. SKINNER, Miss FREDERIKA SOMERVILLE, THOMAS A. SPENSLEY, H. GEORGE SULZBERGER, S. L. THOMSON, GEORGE W. UPDIKE, FRED P. VEATCH, BYRON E. WAHL, ALBERT WILLIAMS, Mrs. LAWRENCE Wors Ley, A. A. 1 THE [Preny or JUN 7 - 1934 UNIVER S) ry ae ‘SLINOIS THE 3 0112 047779977