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CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS

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319

ig ¢4 Fietp Museum or Natura Hisrory.
PUBLICATION 202.

_ Report SERIES. VoL. V, No. 4.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR

TO THE

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

FOR THE YEAR 1918.

Cuicaco, U. S. A.

January, 1919.

Natural History Liprary

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL®HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XXXVII

Photo. by Baker Art Gallery, Columbus, Ohio.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
NATURALIST.

FieELD Museum oF NarTuraL History.
PUBLICATION 202,

REPORT SERIES. Vot. V, No. 4.

meaANUAL REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR

TO THE

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

FOR THE YEAR 1018.

Cuicaco, U. S. A.
January, I919.

CONTENTS.

Board of Trustees .
Officers and Committees .
Staff of the Museum .
Report of the Director
Maintenance .
Publications
Library ;
Cataloguing, Llpesrieley toes dau. ee ve
Accessions

Installation and Pétmmatient Dapetvedient
The N. W. Harris Public School Extension

Photography and Illustration
Printing @ Merge

Financial Statement

Attendance and Receipts

Accessions . .
Department of atirendldds
Department of Botany .
Department of Geology .
Department of Zodlogy .
Section of Photography .
The Library A

Articles of Incorporation .

Amended By-Laws

List of Honorary Members and Patrons

List of Corporate Members .

List of Life Members .

List of Annual Members .

The Sculpture of the new Museum Keates ‘

PAGB
226
227
228
229
231
231
231
233
235
241
252
253
254
255
257
258
258
259
261
264
264
264
277
279
285
286
287
289
291

226 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, VOL. V. :

THE, BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

Epwarp E. AYER. CHAUNCEY KEEP.
Watson F. Brarr. GEORGE MANIERRE.
WILLIAM J. CHALMERS. Cyrus H. McCormick.
MARSHALL FIELD. Martin A. RYERSON.
STANLEY FIELD. FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF.
FrANK W. GUNSAULUS A. A. SPRAGUE, 2nd.
Hartow N. HicInBoTHAM. WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR.

ARTHUR B. JONES.

HONORARY TRUSTEE.

OwEN F. ALDpIS.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 227

OFFICERS.

STANLEY FIELD, President.
Martin A. RYERSON, First Vice-President.
Watson F. Bratr, Second Vice-President.
FREDERICK J. V. SxrFF, Secretary.
D. C. Davies, Assistant Secretary and Auditor.
Sotomon A. Situ, Treasurer.

COMMITTEES.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
STANLEY FIE.p. MARSHALL FIELD.
Epwarp E. AYER. ARTHUR B. JONES.
WartTSoN F. Brarr. GEORGE MANIERRE.
Wiiiam J. CHALMERS. A. A. SPRAGUE, 2nd.

FINANCE COMMITTEE.
Watson F. Brarr. ARTHUR B. JONEs.
Martin A. RYERSON.
BUILDING COMMITTEE.
Wi1iiAm J. CHALMERS. Cyrus H. McCormick.
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF. A. A. SPRAGUE, 2nd.
SUB-COMMITTEE OF BUILDING COMMITTEE.

STANLEY FYE Lp. A. A. SPRAGUE, 2nd.
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF.

AUDITING COMMITTEE.

GEORGE MANIERRE. ARTHUR B. JONES.
ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE.

Epwarp E. AYER. FRANK W. GUNSAULUS.

Watson F. Brarr. GEORGE MANIERRE.

CHAUNCEY KEEP.

PENSION COMMITTEE.

ARTHUR B. JoNEs. A. A. SPRAGUE, 2nd.
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF.

228 Fretp Museum oF NaturaAt History — Reports, VoL. V. 1
,
'
}

STAFF OF THE MUSEUM.

DIRECTOR.
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF.

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY.
BeERTHOLD LAUFER, Curator.
Cuar tes L. OwEn, Assistant Curator Division of Archeology.
Fay Cooper CoLe, Assistant Curator Physical Anthropology
and Malayan Ethnology.
ALBERT B. Lewis, Assistant Curator of African and Melanesian
Ethnology.
J. AtpEN Mason, Assistant Curator of Mexican and South
American Archeology.
HELEN C. Guwnsautus, Assistant Curator of Japanese
Ethnology.

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.
CHARLES F. MILtspaucH, Curator.
B. E. DAHLGREN, Assistant Curator Economic Botany.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.

OLIVER C. FARRINGTON, Curator. H.W. Nicuots, Assistant Curator.
Eimer S. Rices, Assistant Curator of Paleontology.

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY.
CHARLES B. Cory, Curator.
WILFRED H. Oscoop, Assistant Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithology.
WILLIAM J. GERHARD, Assistant Curator Division of Entomology.
Epmonp N. GuErRET, Assistant Curator Division of Osteology.
Cart L. Huss, Assistant Curator Division of Ichthyology and
Herpetology.
R. Macoon Barnes, Assistant Curator Division of Oélogy.

THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION.
S. C. Simms, Curator.

RECORDER. ASSISTANT RECORDER.
D. C. DAvIEs. BENj. BRIDGE.
THE LIBRARY.
Etsig Lippincott, Librarian.

Emity M. Witcoxson, Assistant Librarian.
January I, 1919.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. |
1918

To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History:

I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum
for the year ending December 31, 1918.

The negotiations of the National Government to secure the new
Museum structure for hospital purposes, the contract to this end which
was entered into, the resulting increase in building operations in accord-
ance with the terms of the contract and the subsequent sudden cancella-
tion by the Government of the contract following the European armistice
had naturally a confusing and disturbing effect upon the affairs of the
Museum during the later part of the year. The preparations for the
transfer to the new building had been uhderway for sometime, but
work of this character was more actively prosecuted after the contract
with the Government had been entered into and the methods of packing
were altered in view of the expectation to store the material for several
years, or during the operation of the contract or lease. The probability
as now appears, that the transfer to the new building may take place
next year and possibly in the autumn, will require continued and
assiduous efforts in preparation for this event that will leave little else to
be done in the old building. The progress so far made and the methods
employed may be said to be satisfactory but not remarkable.

The Museum has felt the common influence of the war upon its
economic affairs and, operating upon a fixed income, has reduced its
expenditures as far as possible to the necessities of maintenance. The
high prices of fuel and of materials of every variety entering into the
every day affairs of the Institution have, except for reserves,
practically exhausted the annual receipts and left little to be
recorded in the way of new or progressive activities.

To what may be ascribed the large decrease in attendance is doubtful.
The public in some way appears to have gained the impression, which it
has not been easy to correct, that the present building has been closed or
was in a state of some confusion, because of preparations for immediate
removal to and storage of its contents in the new building, which was to
be used for three years as a Government hospital. This may be regarded
as one reason. Probably, however, the falling off in attendance has been
due very largely to the consuming interest of the public in the war and

229

230 Fretp Museum or Natura History — Reports, Vot, V.

in the circumstances reaching into every home immediately or indirectly
associated with it. People generally have not felt at sufficient ease and
unconcern to visit places of the character of the Museum for pleasure,
pastime or study. At the same time the extent of the decrease in attend-
ance, even with these allowances fully made, is still unaccountable.

President Field returned from his duties in France in September after
a year’s service. Trustee Sprague, Major of Infantry, has received his
discharge from the Army and has returned to Chicago. Trustee Marshall
Field, Captain of Artillery, is still on duty in France.

Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus, Pastor of the Central Church and President
of Armour Institute, accepted election as a member of the Board of
Trustees of the Museum, filling the vacancy caused by the death of
Honorable George E. Adams. Mr. William Wrigley, Jr., prominent
manufacturer, has been elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of Mr. Henry Field.

The general staff of the Museum saw fit to recognize the Twenty-
fifth Anniversary of the Diréctor’s appointment by presenting him with
an engrossed Appreciation signed by the entire personnel; an act which
was sincerely appreciated by its recipient.

The Assistant Curator of Economic Botany with several laboratory
assistants transferred the activities of the Mrs. Stanley Field Plant Repro-
duction section to Miami, Florida, in October, where accommodations
were secured from the United States Agricultural Department in its
laboratory there, to carry on the work of reproducing the plants of that
section; the expedition expecting to be absent six months or more. Re-
ports from Assistant Curator Dahlgren reflect a gratifying outcome of
this enterprise.

Acknowledgment is made of the contributions of funds from Mrs. T.B.
Blackstone and from Mr. Charles R. Crane, to defray the cost of a
publication in the Museum series by Curator Laufer of the Department
of Anthropology, entitled: ‘‘Sino-Iranica; Chinese Contributions to
the History of the Civilization of Ancient Iran.”

Somewhat extensive reference is made elsewhere in this report to the
Japanese painting presented to the Museum by Trustee Gunsaulus;
a most valuable gift from both an ethnologic and artistic standpoint.

The Finance Committee of the Museum authorized an arrangement
to finance the subscriptions of the employes of the Institution to the
Third and Fourth Liberty Loan bond issues, under which arrangement a
most gratifying subscription resulted, both as to individuals and the
amounts taken.

The Museum sustained a signal loss in the death of Mr. Odell Edward
Lansing, Jr., Keeper-of-the-Herbarium, Department of Botany.

:
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;
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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XXXVIII

ENLARGED LEAF AND TRAP MECHANISM OF

the trep mey serve es « special ture. r
Pushing egeinst the membranous door of the trap, which yields

“Enterged Hem metere Stentor Mien Leterete-y

AN ENLARGED ‘'FLOAT’’ OR ‘'BLADDER’’ OF THE BLADDER-WEED REPRODUCED IN GLASS AND NATURAL
COLOR.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 231

Mr. Lansing had been in the service of the Museum twenty-three years
during which his conscientious, untiring devotion to his work, and
cheerful presence, had endeared him to all his associates. He was a
diligent and discriminating collector, making his special field of labor
the Plant Life of the Chicago Basin, in Illinois and Indiana. To this he
devoted all his spare time and often his periods of vacation. He also
collected in various parts of Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and in the
Ozark region of Missouri. In 1903, on a commission from the Museum,
he made a thorough and comprehensive botanical exploration of all the
sand keys of Florida from Key West westward. His original collections
(4,563 specimens) are preserved in the herbarium of the Museum, and
duplicates in various herbaria of America and Europe.

MAINTENANCE. — The annual Budget Authorized by the Board of
Trustees provided the sum of $158,496.00 for the maintenance of the
Museum for the fiscal year. The actual amount expended was $137,-
740.00, leaving a balance within the anticipated expenses for the year
of $20,756.00. In addition to the cost of maintenance the sum of
approximately $5,000.00 was expended for collections and packing sup-
plies, that brought the total to $142,740.00.

Pustications. — During the year four publications were issued, com-
prising parts of four volumes, details of which follow:

Pub. 197.— Zoological Series, Vol. XIII, Part II, No. 1. The Birds of
the Americas. By C. B. Cory. March 1918. 315 pages, 1
colored plate. Edition 1,150.

Pub. 198.— Zoological Series, Vol. XII, No. 2. Notes on Fishes from
the Athi River in British East Africa. By Carl L. Hubbs.
January 1918. 4 pages, 3 halftones. Edition 1,000.

Pub. 199.— Botanical Series, Vol. IV, No. 1. New Speciesjof Xan-
thium and Solidago. By C. F. Millspaugh and E. F. Sherff.
April 1918. 7 pages, 6 halftones. Edition 1,000.

Pub. 200.— Report Series, Vol. V, No. 3. Annual Report of the Direc-
tor for the year 1917. January 1918. 74 pages, 11 halftones.
Edition, 2,000.

These publications were distributed to individuals and institutions
whose names appear on the Domestic mailing list. On account of the
enhanced sea risk a few copies of the Annual Report only were sent
abroad.

THE LiprarY.— The books and pamphlets accessioned during the year
were 1,484, a decrease from preceding years, but this is amply explained
by war conditions. In the interest of general economy and the desire
to codperate with the War Industries Board in the saving of paper,
publishers have issued limited editions. Periodicals and serials that

232 FieLp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Voi. V.

had been previously received as gifts or exchanges were discontinued.
Foreign exchanges were scant and irregular. The total number of
books and pamphlets in the Library is 71,020, which are distributed as
follows:

General Library f me LAGS tne | CPA Ss PAYGT Ne en
Department of Aatnspsiaeys Ait det sts cep hos A Ae RU aki he a
Denartment/of Botany i) oi ico \ nies yeu ian iiaelcie 42 Wall wt) ale
Department of Geology (73) 0 et ieee ia ie) eile ee
Department of Zoology . 00 AS

Purchases were made of Fokeeed Six Boules INNS for work in hand
in the departmental libraries. Among those received are: Crawford’s
History of the Indian Archipelago, 1820; Im Thurm’s Among the In-
dians of Guiana, 1884; Rickard’s Ruins of Mexico; Robelo’s Diccionario
de Aztequismos; Walters’ Ancient Pottery; Tutton’s Crystallography;
Pennant’s Synopsis of Quadrupeds, 1771. Through the continued
generosity of Mr. Edward E. Ayer, a handsomely bound and illustrated
copy of Lord Rothschild’s Extinct Birds, and continuations of Mat-
thews’ Birds of Australia were purchased for the Ayer Ornithological
Library. Mr. William S. McCrea donated a copy of Herrick’s Audubon
the Naturalist. Interesting additions were also received from Mr. Wil-
liam J. Chalmers, Mr. Charles L. Freer, Detroit, Mr. J. Nilsen Laurvik,
San Francisco, Mr. Elmer D. Merrill, Manila, Mr. Edward S. Morse,
Salem, Mr. James Weir, Missoula. The general activities of the Library
have continued in as earnest and energetic a manner as existing con-
ditions permitted. New work has not been undertaken during the ye
but the development of resources at hand has progressed. The steadily
rising cost of binding materials made it impractical to bind the usual
number of books, and only 227 periodicals and serials were bound during
the year. There were written and filed in the catalogues 15,612 cards.
Twelve monthly tnstallments of approximately a thousand cards each
of the John Crerar Library were received and filed. Preparatory to
moving to the new building a general weeding out has been made of
literature no longer of use in the work of the Museum. Much of this
material had been accessioned before it was definitely determined that
the scope of the Museum would be confined to natural history. For
lack of shelf-room these books have been packed in boxes for some years.
What is of exchange value was checked off the records and repacked;
all duplicate material was carefully examined and what was of im-
portance for exchange purposes was also packed. All of these forty-
eight boxes were properly labeled and stored ready for shipment. What
was fit only for waste paper was sold. In all 1,780 numbers were checked
off the records, which reduces to 71,020 the total number of books and
pamphlets in the Library.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 233

DEPARTMENTAL CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING. — During the cur-
rent year the work of cataloguing in the Department of Anthropology
has been carried on as usual, and the total number of catalogue cards
prepared amounts to 5,441. These cards are distributed over the various
divisions as follows: China, India and Philippines 47; Melanesian
Ethnology 984; North American Ethnology 594; Mexican and South
American Archeology 598; and Physical Anthropology 3,218. All these
cards have been entered in the inventory books of the Department,
which now number 38. The number of annual accessions amounts to
16, of these 11 have been entered. The total number of catalogue cards
entered from the opening of the first volume amounts to 153,111. The
photographer made 63 negatives and supplied 503 prints to the De-
partment. There were added to the label file 224 new label cards. A
total number of 2,309 labels was turned out by the printer for use in the
exhibition cases of the Department. These labels are distributed as
follows: China and Philippines 20; Melanesian Ethnology 129; and
Mexican and South American Archzology 2,160. The printer further
supplied the Department with 2,050 catalogue cards and 5,600 shipping
labels. The cataloguing of the collections secured under the auspices of
the Joseph N. Field Expedition is now completed. All together 11,390
cards are written on this collection. General case-labels have been
installed in all cases of Halls 2 and 3 and those in the East Court.
The condensation and reinstallation of the Philippine collections,
carried on during 1917, made necessary the relabeling of a large portion
of the exhibits. This was completed early in the spring by the labeling
of sixteen cases covering the Bukidnon tribes of Northern Mindanao and
the Bagobo of Davao Gulf. Labels have been written for thirty-five
’ specimens in the case of Egyptian bronzes. The general case labels for
six cases ot Egyptian archeology installed last year have been properly
placed. The Ushebti figures have been classified, and the translations
of their inscriptions made by Dr. Allen will be utilized for the prepara-
tion of the labels. The Canopic jars have also been carefully studied,
classified, and inscriptions read. Under an agreement with the Depart-
ment of Egyptology at the University of Chicago the Museum received
for some time the services of Dr. Allen for the translation of Egyptian
inscriptions in exchange for Egyptian material of the University to
be treated or repaired by the Department’s preparator. Dr. Allen’s
notes will form a useful foundation for the labels to be prepared
for this section. Since the first of June, the Assistant Curator
of Mexican and South American Archeology has concerned himself
almost entirely with the Zavaleta collection of Calchaqui archeology.
This collection consisted of 4,565 numbers; two hundred and

234 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vou. V.

seventy-one of these had already been catalogued in the Peruvian
collection, the remaining 4,294 have been numbered in 2,120 cata-
logue numbers; about four hundred of these have been catalogued
to date.

In the Department of Botany the entries made number 7,754, bring-
ing the total entries to 477,490. The permanent card reference-indexes
maintained in the Department of Botany, and their composition,

are as follows:

Number of Cards
Augmented 1918 Total

Index of Botanical Species . ae MINE WR Ne sh 147,650
Index to Common names of plants ail Pig lees Ne a gAd cw em SOE 19,950
Index to Yucatan plants. . Ri CGP el Gam) vot taesdaas 160 6,362
Dodex to Bupberbieds : 1) <i oxt he fal BR ee Sai 85 4,225
Department Labels caer es Wie ty No! the teen 262 3,100
Index to Collectorsand Collections |... .. 95 9,850
Indéx tq Geographic collections.) 059.5 2 a Per 16 2,750
Indexto! Botanical Mitles (articles) V) Gai. ane ise comes 178 1,500
inmeex tO wepartinent Library,’ i066) bite) wa oak lege 137 8,800
Index to Illinois Flora 0) Fae ty Co: Rb eat Cates A elie Rae goo
Index to Hand Specimens ‘ef Weads nadine aa enue 800 800
Index to Cases Installed . . . AR eA HR its 595
Index to Photographs SOUS Se UREA AA SHLD Aaa 3 600

6,333 207,082

All accessions in the Department of Geology have been duly cata-
logued as received. The total record of catalogue entries to date is as
follows: Number of Record Books 22; Entries during 1918, 510; Total
number of entries to December 31, 1918, 140,429; Total number of cards
written 8,018. The Chalmers Crystal collection has been labeled
throughout, 166 additional labels having been provided for this purpose.
Other series for which new labels have been made are those of Quater-
nary vertebrates and about 500 miscellaneous specimens of ores and
minerals. The whole comprises a total of 745 labels which have been
printed and for the most part installed during the year. In addition 168
labels have been prepared and are ready for printing.

Owing to the small number of new accessions in the Department of
Zoology the total number of new entries in the catalogues was the small-
est in the history of the Department. The total number of regular
entries was only 185, of which 155 were in Ornithology and 30 in Mam-
malogy. In the classified card catalogues, the number of entries also
has been limited. In Ornithology about 150 new entries were made
and in Mammalogy correction and revision of about too cards were
made. New exhibition labels to complete the relabeling of the synoptic
collection of mammals were received from the printer and in part have
been installed, the remainder being held until after removal. The work
of re-identifying, re-cataloguing and re-tagging the study collections

)

\

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 235

of the Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology has proceeded through-
out the year. Most of the new material entered and some of the old
material has been supplied with tin tags, stamped in the machine pur-
chased for that purpose last year. In the Division of Osteology fifteen
skeletons were catalogued and ind®@x cards were written for the same.
Including the duplicates, 1,700 shell labels were received from the
printer. Of this number 1,381 have been installed. There were also
installed 133 labels for scorpions, tarantulas, centipedes and silkworms.

The following table shows the work performed on catalogues and
the inventorying accomplished:

Number of Total Number Total Number

Record of Entries to Entries of Cards

Books December 31,1918 During 1918 Written
Department of Anthropology. . 38 153,111 5,441 153,111
Department of Botany .. . 58 477,490 7,754 83,374
Department of Geology .. . 22 140,429 510 8,018
Department of Zoology . . . 40 101,249 789 35,713
The Library ES ote) CAV eae 14 108,360 2,640 258,972
Section of Photography .. . 20 119,138 eS ey ps vege

Accessions.— The Curator of Anthropology makes the following
observations on the painted Japanese screen of the Tosa school presented
to the Museum by Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus in commemoration of the
Director’s twenty-fifth anniversary of service: The Tosa school, so
named for the painter Tsunetaka, a governor of Tosa Province, flour-
ished in the thirteenth century, and in its artistic aspirations was anti-
Chinese, cultivating a vigorous nationalism and representing the taste
of Japanese aristocracy as developed at the court of Kyoto. The char-
acteristics of the Tosa masters were a magnificent combination of
harmonious color and remarkable skill of composition. In conformity
with their national tendencies they turned their attention toward his-
torical subjects, and as illustrators of historical incidents or court
romances and ceremonies on a grand scale they are peerless in the
pictorial annals of Japan. In the epic style of their painted narratives
they became for Japan what the rhapsodists of the Homeric poems were
for Greece. Their best work is accordingly found on screens and sliding
doors which offered the most suitable background for the expression of
their inspiring conceptions. Distinguished forms, a delicate finesse of
the brush exhibiting a decided affinity with the best miniatures of
Persia, and the illustrated missals of our middle ages, a delicate severity
of outlines, a certain conventionality of aristocratic sentiment, an
incomparable talent for minutest detail in depicting trees, flowers, and
birds, vivid, opaque and plastic coloration— these are the predominant
traits of Tosa art all of which are reflected in this screen. Art was en-

236 Frertp Musreum or Natura. History — Reports, Vou. V.

riched by these masters with a striking innovation which omitted the
roofs of the buildings, representing the interiors from a bird’s-eye view
and blending the surrounding scenery with the domestic events. This
principle is felicitously embodied in this painting which depicts three
scenes from the famous classical romance Genji Monogatari written in
A.D. 1004. The scene on the right-hand side shows the hero, Prince
Genji, engaged with his friends in a discussion of the character of women.
The scene in the upper portion of the centre illustrates Prince Genji
gazing through a hedge at a group of ladies in the building. The scene on
the left-hand side of the screen represents Genji and his friend To-no-
chujo performing a war dance before the emperor in the palace Suzaku-in,
accompanied by the orchestra below, of two reed-organs, two flutes, and
two drums. The audience is formed by the members of the court seated
in a hall on the left-hand side; the women spectators being confined to a
special box on a lower level than the men. The characterization of
the figures is exquisite, and the technical means employed to this end are
of highest quality. In the costumes of four figures the designs are em-
bossed or raised in relief in the paper, while a rich scale of pigments is set
off from a gold-speckled brown background. The whole composition is as
monumental and artistic as the treatment of details is refined, accurate,
and instructive. This painting personifies a live source of inspiration for
the study of ancient Japanese life, customs, and decorative forms, and it
is no exaggeration to say that this screen is one of the greatest Oriental
works of art which ever came to the Museum. Dr. Gunsaulus’ ingenuity
and perspicacity in the discovery of this treasure cannot be praised enough,
and he is deserving of our heart-felt gratitude for his generous presenta-
tion, as well as for the thoughtfulness and spirit in which it is made.

In the Department of Anthropology there were received as a gift
from Mr. H. W. Narjal five pieces of tapa cloth and three war clubs from
Samoa, a pair of Eskimo skin boots, and an ancient suit of chain mail
coming from Sweden, but probably manufactured in Persia. A very
interesting lot of Chinese pottery fragments was presented by Mr. E. B.
Christie who at a time was connected with the Philippine Museum of the
Bureau of Science, Manila, and discovered these bits in 1915 in ancient
burial caves of Bohol, Philippine Islands. Some of these shards have
artistic and archzological value, being as early as the time of the Sung
dynasty (tenth and eleventh centuries). There are several good ex-
amples of celadons which show that the sea-green glaze of this ware was
wrought over a porcelain body at that period, and a large series of other
glazes, particularly blue and whites. It is hoped that this material will
give occasion to a renewed and more profound study of the problem of
Chinese pottery in the Philippines, which was taken up in a pub-

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 237

lication of the Museum some years ago. A valuable museum purchase is
represented by the grave material secured from a cave on the Pecos
River, Val Verde Co., West Texas, by Mr. J. H. Hudson. The principal
object was dug up four feet underground, being the skeleton of an
Indian child in excellent state of preservation, wrapped in an antelope
skin and adorned with a necklace of shell beads of intrinsic value. In
the same cave were found a finely woven mat with very interesting
painted designs, two plain undecorated mats, several deer or antelope
skins, two smaller mats, a rabbit fur robe, and a bone awl. Besides there
is the skull of an Indian woman and some detached bones discovered
in another cave. Prominent among the year’s accessions is a rare robe,
the gift of Mr. Homer E. Sargent, which is a welcome addition to the
choice collection of blankets given by him last year. It is a blanket
made at Spuzzum, B. C., about 1863; it soon passed into the possession
of a Hudson Bay Company’s factor, in whose family it remained for
more than fifty years until it was purchased for Mr. Sargent. While this
type of blanket was formerly produced by Lower Thompson and some
of the neighboring Lower Frazer Indians of Yale, not more than six are
known to be now in existence. Through Mr. Edward E. Ayer, the
Museum purchased several articles from the rapidly vanishing Tolowa
tribe in the extreme northwestern part of California; among these being
two fine buckskin festival dresses, also a beautiful head-band worn in
the Jumping or Fall dance. A metate with muller from Mexico was
turned over to the Department as a gift from Mr. Ayer. The most im-
portant addition of this year is represented by the material received in
exchange from Mr. George G. Heye, director of the Museum of the
American Indian, New York, and making a total of seven hundred
objects. The collection covers two regions: Ecuador and the West
Indies. The majority of the material comes from the West Indies
(412 specimens): Trinidad, Carriacou, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, Santa
Lucia, Grenada, the Virgin Islands, and Cuba. It contains a large
quantity of stone axes of different shapes and of shell celts which are
available for exhibition. The balance of the West Indian material
consists of pottery fragments and sherds, entire vessels being excessively
rare from this region. A large number of the fragments contain relief
figures suitable for exhibition, but, on the whole, the collection has
greater scientific value because of its rarity. The Ecuador collection is
excellent, consisting of 288 specimens, principally entire pottery vessels
of high exhibition quality and of types not heretofore possessed by the
museum. There are also a few stone and a very few metal pieces from
this region. On the whole it is an excellent collection of almost perfect
exhibition value. Two sacred bundles from the Sauk and Fox were

238 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vot. V.

purchased through Dr. T. Michelson of the Bureau of American
Ethnology; they form a valuable addition to the sacred bundles from
other Indian tribes in the collections.

The Department of Botany received the following important addi-
tions to its herbarium during the year: The highly valuable ‘‘Centuriz
Species Blancoanz,” distributed specially by the Philippine Bureau
of Sciences, to illustrate, by topotypic plants, the species treated by
Blanco in his Flora of the Philippines, and in addition to these 374
further Philippine species; “Plante Wilsonianz,” 753 plants of China
and Japan; 457 Philippine plants from a series specially collected for the
Arnold Arboretum; the herbarium of Professor Hall, formerly State
Geologist of New York, 1,311 plants representing the Flora of Troy,
N. Y.; Earl E. Sherff, 446 plants of Illinois; Dr. Robert Ridgway, 267
plants of Illinois; C. F. Millspaugh, 117 plants of Wisconsin, and 182
North Carolina; F. C. Gates, 390 plants of Michigan; Florence Beck-
with, 85 plants of Illinois; Walter Fischer, 299 plants of Argentina;
New York Botanical Garden, 363 plants of Jamaica (Harris); A. A.
Heller, 306 plants of California and Oregon; and Ira W. Clokey, 170
plants of Colorado. On account of lack of preparatorial assistance for
poisoning and mounting specimens the additions to the herbarium fall
far below the usual annual quota. The regional distribution of fully
organized material added to the herbarium in 1918, is shown in the
following tabulation:

spose Added this _ Total in
NortH AMERICA: Year Herbarium
Assiniboia I 21
Manitoba 3 262
Ontario 3 1,670
United States:
Alabama > ae ee aoe gl ae Pare ae 8 1,468
Bseccat =i 2 ge ee at ee ee 9 8,221
iors GARR, (ape ee Pe 288 25,583
Magisleies Fetatidts,, 5) 005 5 3.45 asees te 17 33
Colorado bt gba fc Oe Wi teehee Edie a ah oe II 12,585
Connecticut Afar) Be ee ad Oe te 38 692
Cea, EES en) ae ee eee es Oe 211 4,754
ns ee ee er ee ee Ee, ek I 1,338
Diatsiet GE-Cofautiaal 6° 5.4 5) 015s ES 44 2,712
Wises 2 5 Pte eb 8 Oh pe eee 5 20,331
ee ow he ha a ep er” II 3,995
Wa ag Sok ot ark a) ep ae oe ee ee 4 3,655
AEE Pe oe Ola oe, a Ee ee eee Le 833 27,968
Sacteaey 72 a. a ate 8 ee a aa eee 102 6,943

Bawtbewhey. i656) pS spe wa BAP is 3 1,373

=—~

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 239

LOCALITY i :
United States: (continued) At ee
A ne nee ee 86 1,366
RE Nie ANE Se a 7 5,350
EE tos sie als eS aya gh 397 3,912
I Sg ce et kp eee 4 3,886
RAO Wa ert a he om I 1,295
a ee ee oe, 30 3,037
AI ee ee 36 3,722
ICME RS, ay t eoe fatale gII 7,471
Ohio a ae ee ee 7 2,070
RS ERS ee ee ee 296
EEE er eee 48 8,986
EO a ee ae ee 22 10,158
es I ee 2 602
SE a 2 59
SS 6 NS ne re 3 1,370
OS a ne ey Lae a eee Pa 10 9,888
Utah Ne Eee Diet ge 4,45 oe 3 3,301
oe Ee MA a 6 te el es 8 6 3,604
oe te eee cn. at ge 107 4,843
Washington oy Ee? Cals Me er ee te II 7,511
SE Oe ee ae ee ee ee eee 14 2,042
ES a ee 122 5,007
Bahama Islands
es ha Mia a! wd. oe kn I 444
CT tae ie Nag gate) see! Ck I 12
Rew Providence 4. . + - + + «= =; 3 2,428
West Indies:
Barbados or ee 3 346
Cuba POR RR RRN Wee ee Wa Aw! we 44 10,957
Dominica .. 7 98
NER TRS lr 2 146
ESE le eae er re ce 365 7,694
Porto Rico . ee el a a P I 4,731
Santo Domingo . I 1,323
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Costa Rica CLM Se a ee ee 4 612
Guatemala AAG Se a 2 3,083
eran ey eae el Se, 8 ue 70 31,314
Lower California rate la Cte. ioe, I 1,685
8 SE eee a a 6 6,759
Cozumel Island ns gS ee) PDN ieee 2 200
SoutH AMERICA:
Columbia I 2,431
Argentina 299 1,368
Uruguay 2 168
Venezuela I 797
EvuROPE:
a a a er I 2,459

240 Fretp Museum oF Naturat History — Reports, VoL. V.

LOCALITY
Added this Total in
AFRICA: Year Herbarium
OVI) CE COTE 15) Pal APR SAtee De AUREL F MOE arene Lt I 2
ASIA:
Poaeal]) $i Crh AEN BO ones nN Bea PUR OSE ERLE S IRL OY Bh fi 124 124
China CME NILE MT CURVE R CRN ISA Me 1 glee ee a a a 679 2,260
Japan ARE SMO TUOR LPO aS HIRD VAGUS SUT Pr aie ty Sg Myf 339
ETS Vale ale i eh MLCT ue ae atte Ros hach pee 715 11,653
Va Foyyolepallinb hl ens ee Eee erat Al OFC EM AYRINA IME VE RMA LOR 127 3,181
Illustrations, mounted as Herbarium specimens . . 45 2,236

The Department of Geology received its most important accession
during the year from Mr. William J. Chalmers, who provided ninety
additional specimens for the collection of mineral crystals. These
specimens are of high quality and interest and greatly enhance the
value of this already unique and remarkable collection. A valuable
series of minerals and gems, some of them cut, associated with the dia-
monds of the Jagersfontein, South Africa, mines, was presented by Mr.
Alexander Fay Brigham. The Great Northern Railway presented a
large painting of the Rome glacier of Glacier National Park, Montana.
Several valuable accessions were received by exchange, among which a
series of Permian reptiles from the University of Chicago was of first
importance. The series contains skulls, vertebre and other bones of the
rare, primitive forms, Eryops, Labidosaurus, Pariotichus and Dimetro-
don. The great scarcity of remains known from the Permian and the
primitive characters of these forms, make the addition of these speci-
mens to the collections a valued accession. From the Australian School
of Mines, Sydney, Australia, a number of rare Australian minerals were
secured by exchange. These specimens included chiefly opal, chromite
and different forms of tetrahedrite. By exchange with Joseph N. Prokes,
fourteen large specimens of an interesting form of calcareous tufa pro-
duced by spring deposition were obtained. By purchase, the type speci-
ment of Paolia superba, an insect of the Carboniferous period allied to
the modern locust was obtained. The specimen shows chiefly the wings
of the insect, which are about three inches in length and are preserved
with complete venation in a fossil concretion. Several large specimens
of minerals were also secured by purchase, of special importance among
them being some unusually brilliant and well-formed pyrite crystals.

In the Department of Zoology the accessions of mammals and birds
during the year have been few, 12 mammals and 66 birds having been
donated, while only 18 mammals and 4 birds were purchased. Five
British fishes, representing new groups for synoptic series, were pur-
chased from the well known fish taxidermist Mr. Sherman F. Denton.
Mr. L. L. Pray presented to the Museum several small Michigan fishes

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 241

and two large fishes, a sheepshead and a muskallunge, mounted by
himself. Some additional fishes and reptiles from California, including
paratypes of two new species, were presented by Assistant Curator
Hubbs, who also collected some local cold-blooded vertebrates. By
exchange the study collection of fishes was enriched in several direc-
tions, the following list of material having been secured: 375 fishes,
amphibians and reptiles from British Honduras, comprising the collec-
tions of the late Dr. B. G. Bailey, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; 38
fluviatile fishes from Eastern Mexico, from the Museum of Zodlogy of
the University of Michigan; 33 fishes, mostly of the family Atherinide,
including the paratype of Ischnomembras gabunensis, from the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and four desirable fishes and
salamanders of Southern California, from the San Diego Society of
Natural History. The acquisitions in the Division of Entomology
during the year consisted mainly of small gifts from various donors. The
large number of insects accessioned is wholly due to the fact that it in-
cludes the collection received from Dr. William Barnes several years
ago. A brief description of Dr. Barnes’ donation was given in a former
report. Theinsects received by donation number 3,148 and by exchange 4.

INSTALLATION, REARRANGEMENT, AND PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT, PACKING FOR
REMOVAL TO New BuiLoinc.—In the Department of Anthropology installa-
tion was carried on only during the first five months of the year, fifteen
cases being installed during this period. Thirteen of these belong to
the section of Mexican and South American archzology, and comprise
two cases devoted to Central American archeology, two to Mexican
archeology, four to Mexican ethnology, and five to South American
ethnology. Labels have been printed for all of these and installed in
all but four cases. As five cases of Mexican archzology and ethnology
were installed in 1917, a total of eighteen, out of the number of seventy-
eight cases planned for Hall F in the new building, have been
completed to date. One four-foot case housing New Guinea material
was installed. In it are exhibited some fine examples of the carved
wooden drums known as garamuts and found on the north coast of the
island. These illustrate the principal variations which occur in this
region. A case containing more than eighty-five bronze vessels
collected in Egypt largely through Mr. Edward E. Ayer’s efforts, and
comprising ladles, basins, ewers, bowls, cauldrons, jugs, amphore,
vases, plates, libation pourers, pails and strainers, has been carefully
installed in conformity with the plan previously formulated. In accord-
ance with instructions issued on May 20 installation was discontinued,
and preparations were at once initiated to mobilize collections for

their future reception in the new building. Methods of packing and

242 Fietp Museum or NaturaAt History — Reports, VoL. V.

material required for this purpose were discussed at meetings with
the staff, and the suggestions brought out during these discussions
proved most helpful. This Department has adopted the principle of
packing, wherever feasible, in the cases and disturbing the material as
little as possible. Following is a summary of the material packed dur-
ing 1918 in the Department of Anthropology: 150 exhibition cases,
209 crates, 131 boxes, 1 burlap, and 1,194 carton-boxes. For the
packing of pottery and bronze the exhibition-case is regarded as
the safest receptacle: the method followed is to use two boards
of the dimensions of a shelf and to place one along the front and
the other along the back of a case against the glass and above the
floor, whereby a box-like container is insured. The objects are then
removed from the shelves, wrapped with corrugated paper, and tightly
placed on the bottom of the case; the boards prevent them from coming
in contact with the glass. Delicate pottery pieces or fragile clay figures
are first packed in carton-boxes stuffed with paper shavings. Halls
50, 51 and 56 of the East Annex were closed during the summer, and
the material displayed in the exhibition cases and a great amount of
storage material were made ready for transportation. In June orders
were somewhat modified, and instruction was given to spare exhibition-
cases and to proceed with the packing of storage-material. Efforts then
turned toward clearing up the West’Annex which for a number of years
has been the repository of several ten thousands of objects not yet pre-
pared for exhibition. These were brought to light, assembled, sorted,
and classified to be finally boxed or crated. This material embraces
collections from the Philippines, Java, India, Turkey, Egypt, New
Guinea, Mexico, and South America. Throughout this work has been
done intelligently: exchange and study collections are grouped and
packed separately, while all exhibition material is selected and so cut
out and arranged that it is in readiness for installation in the new build-
ing without delay. Exact records were kept of all cases packed and all
crates, boxes, and other packages made. As far as possible, labeling
was also continued, the labels being placed with the material to which
they belong. In the autumn the embargo on closing exhibition-halls
was raised, and accordingly Hall 17, sheltering the Hopi altars and the
Hopi home-scene, was broken up. Fifteen large cases were dismantled
and their contents packed in nine crates, nine boxes, and four standard
cases, while seven altar cases were packed in situ. The Eskimo Hall is
now undergoing the same operation, but simultaneously it is planned to
raise this interesting collection to a higher standard of exhibition. First
installed some twenty years ago, it has long since outgrown its present
system of arrangement. Collections have been secured from new

i

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XIXXX 3LV1d ‘SLYOd3Y "AYOLSIH IVYNLYN JO WNASNW Q1313

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 243

localities, while notable additions have been made to districts already
represented. It is now possible to present an adequate picture of Eskimo
life and to illustrate minor variations in the culture of the tribes, due to
contact with other peoples, environment, and similar factors. Of the
Zavaleta collection, five cases have been arranged for future exhibition.
Labels have been written for three of these and are now being printed.
One case has been completely catalogued and packed for shipment.
The archzological collection from La Plata Island was examined, ar-
ranged for installation in one case, labels written, and the material
packed. The balance of this collection, as far as it has not been sent to
the Museum of the American Indian for exchange, is likewise packed and
labeled as study material. Two cases of the Mexican section have been
packed for transportation, and the study material from the South Ameri-
can collections is packed in forty-three boxes. During the past year
the entire collection of skeletal material has been thoroughly over-
hauled, sorted, cleaned, arranged geographically, and numbered by the
assistant curator of physical anthropology. The cataloguing of it is
now complete, so that data relating to any part of the collection are
readily available. In addition to the descriptive catalogue cards, a
considerable amount of laboratory work was done on the Peruvian
material. Carton-boxes of two sizes have been provided, and the entire
collection, including the portion displayed in the exhibition-cases on
the east gallery, has been carefully packed in cartons which are num-
bered and labeled. A list of this material has been prepared in duplicate
for future reference in the moving operations. The collections of facial
masks and plaster busts of racial types are included in this lot. As
this material has been accumulating through twenty years, and an
account of its scientific value has not yet been offered, a short summary
may be of interest. The total number of crania and skeletons is approx-
imately three thousand six hundred, while casts number about two
hundred. There are four hundred and fifty specimens from South Ameri-
ca, chiefly from Peru, Bolivia, and Argentine. Among these are many
interesting examples which show deformation and trepanning. A large
collection of busts has been obtained from Mexico; also a very interesting
series of crania excavated in the vicinity of an old temple site at Tezon-
tepec. All these skulls are broken in the occipital region, and it is
supposed that they were once displayed on a pole in sacrificial cere-
monies. Artificial deformation is found in nearly all these specimens.
Prehistoric American burials are well represented by collections from
the neighborhood of Trenton, New Jersey; the Hopewell, Oregonia,
and the Warren County mounds of Ohio; as well as from various sites
in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Cliff Dweller crania and skeletons

244 Fretp Museum or Natura History — Reports, Vou. V.

amount to two hundred, while prehistoric Hopi is adequately illustrated
by more than three hundred objects. Representative collections have
been obtained from the Huron, Blackfoot, Iroquois, Pawnee, and
Sioux, while collections in smaller numbers come from Central and
Southern groups. The most complete collections from North America
relate to the Northwest Coast, those from the Haida numbering one
hundred and twenty, Kwakiutl one hundred, Nootka forty-five, Chi- .
nook sixty. Other groups are also represented. The California material,
while small in number, contains many interesting specimens, two of
which gathered by Dr. Hudson are of an exceedingly primitive type.
Oceanica (South Seas) is particularly well illustrated by six hundred and
forty skulls, many of which exhibit instructive examples of carving and
face moulding; while small types of skull deformation, trepanning, etc.,
are found; the collection also contains mortuary figures provided with
human heads and other parts of the skeleton. Malaysia and China yield
one hundred and twenty-five objects gathered in connection with the
Museum’s ethnological expeditions. Owing to the scarcity of skeletal
material from these regions in our museums the specimens are of especial
interest. The bulk of the material relative to Negroes and Whites
consists of complete skeletons, secured in the Middle West and macer-
ated at the Museum. Some one hundred and seventy-five individuals
are represented in this section. Many minor collections covering
Egypt, ancient Sardinia, and parts of Africa and Europe, are also in-
cluded in the lists. Since the organization of the section of Physical
Anthropology, considerable attention has been paid to measurements
on the living, and charts representing more than four thousand in-
dividuals are now on file. Of this number the greater part refers to the
pagan tribes of the Philippines. Various rearrangements were made
in the course of the year. In the Egyptian Hall three hanging wall cases
were emptied of their contents consisting of mummies of hawks, cats,
alligators, and other small animals; Ushebti figures, basketry and writ-
ing materials, for future re-installation in standard cases. Two cases of
small working groups and wooden burial figures were also vacated,
studied with reference to labels, and packed for transportation in a
standard case. One case of vases and mortuary jars, one of boxes and
biers, and another of canopics or viscera jars, were dismantled, the
contents studied and packed in a standard case. In the East Court,
three cases of Mexican, Venezuela and British Guiana ethnology were
stripped for immediate installation, following the elimination of study
and duplicate material. One Peabody case containing archzological
collections from Nicaragua, Bahama and Santo Domingo was released
for storage, the material being properly divided for re-installation. The

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 245

Shastan collection was removed from a standard case to storage and
will be re-installed at a later date. This change was made necessary by
the arrival of new material. Six Peabody cases formerly used for storage
purposes in Halls 68, 69 and 72, emptied of their contents in the process
of packing, were removed and stored in the basement to give floor
space for the cartons containing skeletal material in Hall 69 and the
crated Melanesian material in Hall 72. In the repair section of the
Department four hundred and forty-nine objects were restored, and
more than two hundred and fifty received treatment. There were
50,591 new numbers marked on specimens, chiefly those relating to
physical anthropology and archeological collections from Columbia,
Peru and Argentine.

In lieu of installation in the Department of Botany this year, all
effort of the staff, with the exception of herbarium installations and
the work of plant reproduction, was expended in preparation for moving
the collections to the new building. All those exhibition-cases designed
to be moved without disinstallation, and intended to be kept on exhibi-
tion until moved, have been opened, their contents and labels securely
anchored in place, and the storage locker contents packed in containers
therein. In the east and west court galleries two hollow rectangular
spaces were enclosed by these cases and within them 60 cases, secluded
from public view, were completely disinstalled and their contents
packed for shipment in the lockers beneath. In this manner more than
half of the Department cases are now ready for shipment without seri-
ously impairing the public attractiveness of the botanical display as
long as the present building may be open. The activities of the Mrs.
Stanley Field Plant Reproduction section have resulted in the production
of the following life-like studies that have either been installed in the
families to which they pertain or cased on view temporarily, awaiting
true installation: A complete Pitcher-leaf plant (Nepenthes) in full leaf,
flower and “‘ pitcher,” enlarged male and female flowers, anda “ pitcher’’in
section showing its contents of partly digested insects; a large Trumpet
Creeper vine (Bignonia) in full leaf, flower and fruit, a Catalpa flower
in section, revealing its essential organs, a long rachis of Saussage
fruits (Kigelia) with leaf above and two clusters of Candle-tree fruits
(Parmentiera) suspended from the trunk of the tree;.a complete plant
of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron) in full vernal leaf and flower, another in
autumnal maturity with colorate leaves and ripe fruit, a section of a
floral cluster enlarged to reveal the tree distinctive floral characters of
the family, a leafy twig of the Mango (Mangifera) in ripe fruit and
another of Kemanga in like condition; a large branch of Gonocaryum
in full leaf, flower and fruit, produced from material and studies secured,

246 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, VoL. V.

by the Curator, in the Botanical Gardens of Buitenzorg, Java, also an
enlargement of the peculiar fleshy flower of the species; a complete,
leafy, fruiting branch of the Sassafras, with an enlarged flower of the
Alligator-pear (Persea) also a twig of the latter in leaf and ripe fruit
and a fruit in section; summit of a Bitter-sweet vine (Celastrus) in full
leaf and ripe fruit, a small twig in full flower, and a single flower enlarged;
a large branch of Witch Hazel (Hamamelis) in full autumn leaf, flower
and fruit and a single flower enlarged; a series of enlarged flowers of
Grevillea showing the peculiar character of anthesis in the Proteacez;
cluster of three plants of Galax, growing 1m situ, in full leaf and flower
and a portion of a floral cluster, enlarged, showing buds and two flowers
in different stages of anthesis; a Passion-flower vine (Passtflora) in
full leaf, flower and fruit; a complete plant of the Fox-glove (Digttalis)
in full leaf and flower; a large flower of the Corn Poppy (Papaver) sec-
tioned to reveal its essential organs; a complete Arrow-head plant
(Sagittaria), 1m situ, in full leaf and flower; a frond of the Tuna cactus
(Opuntia) in full ripe fruit illustrating one of the cultivated varieties
now becoming prominent in the fancy fruit shops of our cities; a leafy,
flowering and fruiting branch of the Indian Mulberry (Morinda),
another peculiar fruit now and then reaching our northern markets; an
enlarged flower of the Bladder-wort (Utricularia) sectioned to reveal
its peculiar structure, an enlarged leaf of the plant with its interesting
bodies commonly known as “‘floats,”’ a single float, or bladder, highly
enlarged and opened to reveal its contents (partly digested larvae
and minute water animals) proving these “‘bladders”’ to be, in reality,
stomachs, and the plant to be carnivorous; the smaller Alge, the
Flagellate, Dinoflagellatze and Peridine, groups of micro-plants, have
been completed through the production of single individuals or several
forms in the following genera: Spirogyra, Spirulina, Nostoc, Rivularia,
Trichodesmium, Lingyba, Osctllatoria, Clathrocystis, Coccoltthophora,
Discosphera, Syncrypta, Euglena, Conocladium, Rhabdospheria, Ornitho-
ceras, Ceratium, Peridentum, Gymnodentum, Spirodenium and Cochlo-
denium. In October it was decided to transfer the laboratories and staff
to Miami, Florida, where, through the courtesy of the Bureau of Plant
Introduction of the United States Department of Agriculture, quarters
were granted this Museum in the Department Laboratory Building at
that place. All necessary appliances and apparatus were shipped forward
and the staff left in a specially equipped automobile on the roth of that

onth. On the way south studies and casts of the cotton plant were
secured. Arriving at Miami, without special incident, immediate prep-
arations were begun for the re-establishment of the work which is now
progressing as before removal. The opportunity to thus secure needed

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 247

semi-tropical representative plants is an excellent one. The Section of
Plant Reproduction will remain in Florida until April or early May.

In the Department of Geology about one hundred and twenty-five
specimens were added to the Chalmers Crystal collection and the whole
series re-installed, the additions making it necessary to move part of the
collection to another case. The specimens are all mounted in correct
crystallographic positions on individual mahogany stands and have
separate individual labels. In the arrangement of the collection as
exhibited, specimens illustrating the six crystallographic groups are
first shown in order and subsequent to these, specimens of twin crystals,
crystal groupings, crystal inclusions, crystal distortions, etc. The work
begun last year of repolishing and re-etching the sections of iron mete-
orites, has been continued, thirty-six specimens having been thus treated
during the year. These specimens have been re-installed as fast as
the work upon them has been completed. Several relief maps that had
been exhibited in the Court were removed and packed, while others
were re-installed. The large painting of a Montana glacier presented by
the Great Northern Railway was installed in this court in connection
with large specimens showing glaciated surfaces. A model of the Natural
Bridge of Virginia, based on the accurate survey and studies in the
field made by the Assistant Curator last year, has been executed by the
Assistant Curator and also placed on exhibition in the West Court. The
model is five feet six inches long, three feet three inches wide, and two
feet ten inches high, thus being of a size which is as large as will fit into
the ordinary type of case. The scale is ten feet to the inch. This scale,
without producing a model of unwieldy size, is large enough to show
minor details distinctly. In this model an attempt has been made to
simulate nature as closely as possible and to avoid the conventionalized
and generalized systems of representation frequently employed in
geological modeling. Also the vertical and horizontal scales are the
same, thus avoiding the distortion which is also frequently employed
in geological models. The model represents a length of 660 feet of the
gorge of Cedar Creek in Rockbridge County, Virginia, with the well-
known Natural Bridge of limestone spanning it at an elevation of 215
feet above the water. The stream bed and the vertical cliffs are of lime-
stone, with coatings of bright-colored clays. The higher levels and the
more sloping portions of the cafion walls are densely wooded. The basis
of the model is reinforced concrete. The limestone surfaces and cliffs
are modeled, the concrete mixtures at the surface being varied to meet
the changing requirements of the rock texture. The strongly colored
surfaces of the limestone have been reproduced in the model by perma-
nent pigments which have been introduced into the pores of the con-

248 Firtp Museum or NaAturAL History — Reports, VOL. V.

crete, thus avoiding a painted effect. Some carved pebbles were em-
ployed to represent individual rock features. The wooded portions of
the model contain over 1000 miniature trees. The most prominent
geological feature illustrated by this model is the formation of a natural
bridge by the collapse of the roof of a cave, leaving only a fragment in
the form of a bridge. The cafion of Cedar Creek marks the position of
the former cave and traces of the latest falling of the roof appear as large
limestone boulders in the creek immediately above and below the
bridge. The geological reason for the location of the bridge in its
present position is indicated by the appearance of the rock on the west
wall of the gorge, which shows distinctly at the bridge the axis of a
syncline where the beds of limestone lie level and also tend to be less
broken than elsewhere. Other characteristic cave features illustrated
by the model are light-colored stagmalitic deposits on the wall under
the bridge and two vertical pits, one above and one below the bridge.
The skeleton of the Irish Deer in Hall 36, having been found to be
undergoing injury on account of imperfect mounting, was in part
disarticulated and the supporting framework reconstructed. The up-
right rods were lengthened, reinforced and attached to the base in such
a manner as to give arigid support. Some fractures in the skeleton were
repaired and a few missing parts restored. In remounting, also, the
posture of the body was improved. Considerable progress has been
made also towards mounting a skeleton of Megacerops. This is an
Oligocene titanothere collected in South Dakota by the Museum ex-
pedition of 1898. While the greater part of the skeleton was obtained,
restoration of some components was found necessary. Most of these
it was possible to model from corresponding parts of the same individual,
but in some cases comparative studies of related animals were used
as a basis for modeling. It is intended to display the skeleton in
three-quarters relief on a combined base and background, these
reproducing so far as possible the matrix from which the specimen
was taken.

In addition to the attention given to preparation and installation of
new material, a large amount of time has been occupied in packing in
preparation for removal to the new building. For the most part the
collections packed have not been of exhibited material, it being deemed
desirable to allow this to remain exhibited as long as possible. The study
and stored collections have therefore been those which have been chiefly
boxed. This work has so far progressed as now to include the vertebrate
paleontological collections which have been stored in the basement of
the taxidermy building, and the entire study collections of vertebrate
and invertebrate fossils, ores and other economic specimens, lithological

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JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 249

specimens and some apparatus. Careful records of the contents of each
box have been made and each box has been marked in such a way as to
secure its identification for unpacking and delivery at its appropriate
destination in the new building. The record of the material packed
during the year is as follows: Invertebrate fossils, 87 boxes; large field
specimens of vertebrate fossils, 58 boxes; smaller vertebrate fossils,
48 boxes; lithology specimens, 27 boxes; ores, 67 boxes; apparatus and
miscellaneous, 22 boxes and 22 barrels; relief maps, 10 boxes, making
a total of 331 barrels and boxes.

In the Department of Zoology the work of the year has been largely
directed to matters looking toward removal to new quarters. This has
involved some rearrangement of specimens, some elimination of un-
desirable material, considerable planning and estimating and actual
packing. The usual care in preventing damage to specimens from insects
has been exercised. The skin dresser has been occupied chiefly in
preparing skins of large mammals which have been in the possession of
the Museum for a number of years but which, owing to pressure of
other work, have remained in the raw state. These were found in good
condition. Recently obtained skins, principally from South America,
also were dressed for permanent preservation or for mounting. Plans
for moving specimens of mammals and birds have been made by which
the majority of such specimens will be packed in the storage cases where
they are now kept and thus they may remain accessible until shortly
before the actual time of moving. Considerable progress has been made
in packing other material. In Taxidermy, a large number of casts and
material for preparing bird and mammal groups has been boxed or
crated and similar material not required for immediate use, including
field equipment, etc., has also been packed. The collection of leg bones
of large mammals reserved for mounting has been reassorted, relabeled,
and packed after the elimination of duplicate or unnecessary specimens.
Revision of the synoptic exhibit of mammals has continued and a
number of specimens have been provided with new bases, while a few
others have been set aside for remounting. A large mounted elephant
seal was discarded. A group of the common Ruffed Grouse or “part-
ridge” of the Northeastern United States was installed, completing a
four-section case of local bird groups. It shows a pair of old birds and
their nest under a log, the old female just leaving her eggs in fright at
a raccoon which is approaching. A painted background shows a scene
from the Forest of Arden near Joliet, Illinois, and the foreground shows
an attractive reproduction of characteristic shrubs and smaller plants.
The following four groups are now included in this, the latest of the

-four-section bird cases: Winter Bird of Lake Michigan; Bird Life of

250 Fretp Museum or NaturAL History — Reports, Vot. V.

Fox Lake; Winter Bird Life of Northern Illinois, and Ruffed Grouse in
its Summer Home. The several animals for the group of American Bison
provided through the generosity of Mr. Arthur B. Jones and mentioned
in a former report, were mounted during the year; but owing to the
large size of the group and the difficulty of obtaining a proper case for
it, the final installation was postponed until after removal to the new
building. Therefore the animals, mounted on movable bases, have been
temporarily placed on exhibition without background or accessories in a
large case in the Rotunda of the Museum. Additions to the synoptic
exhibition of mammals have been few, the most important being a large
male specimen of the extraordinary baboon known as the Mandrill.
Work has progressed on accessory material for projected groups of
large mammals, especially that of the Olympic Elk, for which the painted
background and the specimens of the animals have been in hand for
some time. The exhibition work of the Division of Ichthyology and
Herpetology was almost wholly of a preparatory character, it being
considered unwise to install new material prior to the time of moving.
Three snakes (two rattle-snakes and one fox snake), mounted on sanded
bases, were the only specimens placed on exhibition during the year. A
few fishes already on exhibition were remounted for more effective dis-
play. All of the sixty food and game fishes of the Mississippi River,
obtained by a Museum Expedition in 1917, were mounted. After con-
siderable planning and experimenting, a type of habitat group for small
fishes was developed which promises gratifying results. A sample
group which has been prepared shows an excellent sub-aquatic effect, an
improvement on groups previously prepared. This group is installed in
one of the rectangular glass jars originally designed for the display of
fishes in fluid, a practice which has proved by experience in both this
Museum and elsewhere to be unsuccessful. By using the type of habitat
group mentioned above, seventy-two of the more important of the
smaller local fishes can attractively be displayed in their proper en-
vironmental setting, in the two twelve-foot cases now utilized for the
unsatisfactory exhibition of fishes in fluid. In addition to the actual
work outlined above, the whole fish exhibit plans for the new Museum
have received further consideration. The number of cases to be used,
and to a large degree the detailed contents of each case, have been de-
cided upon. The replacing of the old bottles of varied sorts now used in
the collection of the Division with a more uniform and more economical
type of specimen jar has been continued. The supply of such jars pur-
chased in 1917 having been largely absorbed in the collection, a new
order for 97 dozen jars of appropriate sizes was placed and filled. The
most noteworthy work to which the Division of Entomology was de-

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DrREcTOR. 251

voted during the first five months of the year was the completing of an
exhibit of scorpions and centipedes and the making of a sample habitat
group of insects. Some time also was spent on a group that will represent.
the well-known and injurious tomato worm in its usual surroundings.
The scorpion and centipede exhibit consists of a series of special tablet
mounts, of which 29 contain different species of scorpions; 2 show harm-
less but much feared whip-tailed scorpions, 3 the agile solpugids, the
nature of which has been the subject of much controversy, 11 illustrate
some of the giant spiders including the tarantulas and trap-door spiders,
and 14 tablets contain examples of the larger and hence more poisonous
centipedes. This series of specimens with their labels occupies seven of
the twelve panels in one of the new A-cases. As an experiment as to
what might be done in the way of making groups of insects with accessor-
ies to represent natural surroundings, there was prepared a sample case
containing the most conspicuous and characteristic insects found in the
sand dune region. The group was regarded as a step in the right direc-
tion and a case was ordered capable of accommodating two groups and
a space for illustrated labels. In addition to the above mentioned groups,
the silkworm exhibit was also completed by supplementing photographs
illustrating the industry in Japan and by the installation of suitable
descriptive labels. The Barnes-Poling collection of moths was taken
from the unsafe boxes in which it was received several years ago and
transferred to insect-proof drawers. As a result of this work these insects
are now arranged systematically in safe, glass-topped drawers and the
storage or shipping boxes have been returned to the donors of the col-
lection. Considerable preliminary work was essential before the insects
in the laboratory could be actually packed for moving. This was espec-
ially true of the large number of specimens that were simply lying loose
in shallow trays. As they could not be safely moved in this condition,
they were relaxed and then placed between layers of cotton in small
boxes. Every specimen in the Strecker collection were next examined in
order to ascertain whether its pin was held securely, and, as a precau-
tionary measure, all of the large butterflies and moths were secured by
pins so as to prevent them from turning. The other pinned material
was treated in a similar manner, but for the insects packed in papers and
in small boxes different protective measures were adopted. A limited
number of the loose specimens were pinned and labeled, because they
could be more safely shipped in that condition. In order that the cases
containing insects could be put in proper place in the new building, it
was quite evident that they should be numbered before any attempt
was made to pack the exhibits. This work was promptly given attention
and all of the cases are now numbered so as to correspond with the

252 Fretp Museum oF NatTurat History — Reports, Vot. V.

numbered space assigned to them on the floor plans of the exhibition-
halls. Little was done toward completing the re-installation of the shell
exhibit. Fifteen skeletons that were stored in Taxidermy were turned
over to the Division of Osteology. These were prepared, catalogued and
index cards written for the same. Eighty-seven skulls were cleaned for
the Division of Mammalogy. Three skeletons were cleaned for the
collection of Comparative Osteology. Since the middle of May the
entire time of the Assistant Curator has been devoted to packing
skulls and skeletons for moving. During that time fifty-three boxes and
crates of large skulls and skeletons were packed. Six drawers of the
storage cabinet were packed with small ligamentary skeletons.

THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
— At the close of the year there were 588 cases available for circulation
among the public schools of Chicago. It is very gratifying to be able
to report that despite a reduction in the number of the staff, owing to
the enlistment of two of its members in the United States Army and the
resignation of another, fifty-four cases were installed during the year.
It was necessary to alter hanging and increase storage facilities for cases
in order to accommodate 250 new cases. It may be said, and with some
pride, that the type of case originally adopted by this Department
continues to meet the many demands made upon it. The schedule
prepared at the beginning of the year for the delivery of cases to public
schools during the scholastic year was maintained, except for a period
of several days during the early part of January, when deep snow pre-
vented delivery of casestoschools. In connection with civic activities
held on the Municipal Pier during the summer, a loan of cases from this
Department was requested. During the first part of July twelve cases
were sent to the pier in compliance with this request. After these cases
had been on exhibition but a few days, the Superintendent of the pier,
in a communication, expressed his and the public’s appreciation of
“the very interesting and highly educational exhibits” and adding
“‘these exhibits are studied with great interest by young and old, and
many enthusiastic statements are made concerning them. They are a
real attraction to the pier and I am writing you for the purpose of
asking you to supplement the present exhibit.’”? In compliance with
this later request, twelve cases were sent. The twenty-four cases were
on exhibition in a large, well-lighted hall, in which were also exhibited
paintings and sculptures. A request was granted to the Twenty-sixth
Ward Woman’s Civic League for several cases to be exhibited in the
field house in Welles Park for the purpose of illustrating a lecture on
the extension work of the Museum. The Curator of the Children’s
Museum of Brooklyn stated in a communication received early in the

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XL

POSTERIOR HALF OF A SKELETON OF THE RARE OLIGOCENE AQUATIC RHINOCEROS,
METAMYNODON.

Collected in South Dakota by Museum Expedition of 1905.

’
JAN., 1919. | ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 253

year, that their Museum was raising by popular subscription a sum of
money to be expended in extending the Museum in the public schools
of that city, and requested the loan of a typical case of this Department
together with the motion picture film showing methods of storing, de-
livering cases, etc., which was shown at the Panama-Pacific International
Exposition as a part of this Department’s exhibit there. In making this
request the Curator stated: ‘‘The N. W. Harris Public School Exten-
sion has set a glorious example for the whole land and an example
which I hope we will be able to follow with success. It would help us
out immensely and be of great assistance in educating the people up to
the meaning of loan collections, and it would have much to do with
the success of our campaign.’”’ A case and the motion picture film were
sent as requested. After using them for several weeks for the purpose
desired, an extension of the time of the loan of the case was asked.
In support of this request it was stated, ‘‘The case and motion picture
film were being used quite effectively, and that people here seem to be
delighted with the conception of such a loan, and the comments are
uniformly enthusiastic.’”” Requests for information concerning con-
struction of cases, methods of installing, distributing and loaning them
have been received from various institutions.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLustRATION.— The following is a tabulation of the
work performed in this Section during the year:
Number of
614x8%
Number of eno ieee ee

Numberof Number’ Lantern Developed in making
Negatives of Prints Slides for Expe- large

made made made dition Negatives

i Os SESS eee Ce I2 213
9 63 503 ty ms 4
Le aS 41 98 sh - 4
OE eo II 49 He 2
SRE AP 10 29
Prarcm Pextension «0... 8s 24 25 a 10
SA ae M4 70 I
OES - 95 32

8 OSRGSS Ea Se SRE a 161 1,082 33 10 4
Total number of Catalogue entries during I918 . . . «© «© «© «© 1,290
Total number of Catalogue entries to December 31,1918 . . . « « 119,138
Peralmimisen OF RECO BOOKS. |) es. is ee Vee ae a has 20

254 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vou. V.

Printinc.— The number of labels and other impressions made by the
Section of Printing during the year is as follows:

Exhibition Other
Labels Impressions

Anthropology AN SNAPE rene Ma ee EN 2,341 8,210
ENCE I IS a PT Ca ae hate he Lie Teale 2,167 10,140
Geology ea ee ey Ot ORE Te EL MAR Sev 2,529 7,000
ZOOOIYY oat ee ia kb hand Gr ares Bee rc. aie heal tet Lea Se 1,902 6,700
KSOHERAL IE Sie aa) ear ears hee WM Sil etna ie Uae aa 22,400
Parary 4 ot 4s on Ps Mise ae he Pad ae gic, Pee grea Seine 1,900
Harris Extension BACT REA RII CRAG ie KL cae 551 150

Herewith are also submitted financial statements, list of accessions,
names of members, etc.
FREDERICK J. V. SxrrF, Director.

‘

Pee RG

—

JAN., 1919.

Cash in Treasurer’s hands December 31, 1917:
General Fund i it ee
Picture Post Card Fund
Endowment Sinking Fund

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.

January 1, 1918, to December 31, 1918.

RECEIPTS

Petty Cash on hand December 31, 1917
Dues of Annual Members. . P
Admissions and Check Rooms

South Park Commissioners

Interest on Investments and Bank Balances
Field Endowment Income . ,

Field Endowment Sinking Fund. . .
Field Endowment Sinking Fund Income
New Building Moving and Furnishing Fund
Picture Post Cards—Sales hee

Mrs. Stanley Field Plant Renroduction Pond
Arthur B. Jones Buffalo Group Fund

Joseph N. Field South Pacific Islands Fund
Sundry Funds—Investments Interest

Sundry Receipts

Donations—special .
Homer E. Sargent
Charles R. Crane .

Edward E, Ayer

. $2,417.05
275-25
243.83 $ 2,936.13

. $ 250.00
500.00
50.00

255

739-95
810.00
3,721.05
15,000.00
9,505.17
131,500.00
4,676.26
1,477.87
23,885.00
595 - 42
8,490.00
138.59
648.00
5,198.91
357-18

800.00

$210,479.53

256 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vot. V.

DISBURSEMENTS

Salaries
Guard Service
Janitor Service .
Fire Protection .
Heat and Light .
Repairs and Alterations:
Wages—Carpenters, Painters and Roofers .

Material used—Lumber, Paint, Oils and Glass

Packing Supplies
Furniture and Fixtures
The Library:

Books and Periodicals

Binding .

Sundries

Collections Purchased .

Installation Supplies

Publications . :

Picture Post Cards

Sections of Photography and Brintine-Sdrplies

General Expense Account:
Freight, Expressage and Teaming BAR
Stationery, Postage and Telephone. . .
Liability Insurance 3
Sundries

Mrs. Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Fund
Stanley Field Ornithology Fund .

William J. Chalmers Crystal Fund

Arthur B. Jones Buffalo Group Fund

Life Memberships Fund—Investments
Endowment Sinking Fund—Investments

New Building Moving and Furnishing Baad eevestnents

Sundry Funds—Investments .

Employers Liberty Loan Bonds

In Treasurer’s hands, December 31, 1918:
General Fund...
Picture Post Cards Bid
Endowment Sinking Fund

Petty Cash on hand, December 31, 1918

. $8,784.08

335.62

$554.53
320.67

57-90

. $1,288.49

551.33
670.81
1,020.20

. $3,103.19

42.32
347-96

$74,945.04
11,347.66
6,528.80
4,177.96
22,487.19

9,119.70

2,000.27
512.00

933.10

1,243.82
2,229.94

3,530.83

7,781.80
15.00
165.30
28.59
1,800.00
6,050.00
27,995.00
17,560.00
3,035.00

3,493.47

739-95

$210,479.53

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 257

ATTENDANCE AND RECEIPTS FROM JANUARY 1, 1918, TO

DECEMBER 31, 1918.

ATTENDANCE
Paid Attendance:
Adults
Children
Free Admission on Pay Dave:
School Children :
Students
Teachers
Members . :
Officers’ Families
Press
Special

Admissions on Free Days:
Saturdays . ‘
Sundays

*Total Attendance .
Highest Attendance on any one ena (Aement 18, 1918)

Highest Paid Attendance on any one day (July 4, 3

Average Daily Admissions (350 days)
Average Paid Attendance (259 days)

RECEIPTS

Articles checked—9,291 at 5 cents each
Admissions SAM eth del

*Museum closed fifteen days during the year.

12,530

1,240 13,770
7;790
3,154
545
of
tt

2 ;

643 12,205
28,035

103,021 131,056

157,041

5,692

372

448

53

$ 464.55

3,256.50

$3,721.05

258 Fretp Museum oF NAturAL History — Reports, Vot. V.

ACCESSIONS.

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY.

AYER, EDWARD E., Chicago.
1 Mexican metate with muller — Monterey, California (gift).
CHRISTIE, EMERSON B., Washington, D. C.
Pottery and porcelain fragments from caves — Bohol, Philippine Islands
(gift).
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Purchases:
1 bone awl, 2 coarse mats, I decorated mat, 5 detached bones, 2 dressed
antelope hides, 1 rabbit-fur blanket, 1 skeleton of child with shell necklace,
1 skull of woman, 5 wooden implements — Cave in Val Verde County,
Texas.
2 Tolowa buckskin dresses, 1 Tolowa feather head-dress, 1 Tolowa stone
dish, 1 Yurok feather head-dress — California.
2 sacred bundles of the Sauk and Fox — Tama, Iowa.
JOSEPH N. FIELD SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS FUND.
4 trophy skulls — British New Guinea (gift).
GUNSAULUS, FRANK W., Chicago.
Painted screen of the Tosa School, 13th century — Japan (gift).
HAMILTON, THEODORE, Cleveland, Ohio.
Necklace of boar’s tusks — Impur, Naga Hills, Assam, India (exchange).
HARVEY, CHARLES A., Chicago.
Archaeological material — Marblehead, Adams County, Illinois (gift).
HOEFELD, NORMAN A., Chicago.
Collection of ethnological objects, chiefly from the Ute — Colorado (gift).
MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN, New York City.
342 pottery fragments, 29 shell implements, 110 stone implements — West
Indies (exchange).
gi clay figures, 13 specimens bronze, carved stone and bead necklace,
123 pottery vessels, 41 spindle-whorls, 20 stone implements — Ecuador
(exchange).
NARJAL, H. W., Chicago.
1 pair Eskimo skin boots, I suit chain mail — Alaska and Sweden (gift).
5 pieces tapa cloth, 3 war clubs, shell and seed ornaments, miscellaneous
objects — Samoa, South Sea (gift).
PARSONS, ELSIE CLEWS, New York City.
8 prayer sticks — Zufii, New Mexico (gift).
SARGENT, HOMER E., Pasadena, California.
1 blanket with colored designs of Lower Thompson Indians, B. C. — Spuz-
zum, British Columbia (gift).

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WATSON, J. A., Chicago.
Miscellaneous textiles from northern Mexico, Liberia, and Canary Islands

(gift).
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

AMERICAN CUTLERY COMPANY, Chicago.
8 specimens woods used for handles for cutlery — various localities (gift).
AMES BOTANICAL LABORATORY, North Easton, Massachusetts.
8 herbarium specimens — Philippine Islands (exchange).
BUREAU OF SCIENCES, Manila, Philippine Islands.
374 herbarium specimens—various localities (exchange).
Centuria 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, “Species Blancoanae’’ — Philippine
Islands (exchange).
BECKWITH, MISS FLORENCE, Rochester, New York.
89 herbarium specimens — Illinois, Indiana and Kansas (gift).
BRAINERD, EZRA, Middlebury, Vermont.
2 herbarium specimens — Vermont (gift).
BROADWAY, W.E., Tobago, British West Indies.
3 herbarium specimens — Barbadoes (gift).
BUSH, BENJAMIN F., Courtney, Missouri.
4 herbarium specimens — Missouri (gift).
CLOKEY, IRA W., Denver, Colorado.
177 herbarium specimens — Colorado and Wyoming (exchange).
COLTON, MRS. THERON, Chicago.
13 herbarium specimens — Illinois and Indiana (gift).
DEAM, CHARLES C., Bluffton, Indiana.
20 herbarium specimens — Indiana (gift).
EVANS, ALEXANDER W., New Haven, Connecticut.
35 herbarium specimens — Mexico (gift).
FARRINGTON, O.C., Chicago.
2 specimens sphagnum moss — Maine (gift).
FLYNN, MRS. NELLIE F., Burlington, Vermont.
12 herbarium specimens — Vermont (gift).
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Collated by C. F. Millspaugh:
7 herbarium specimens — Chicago.
Transfer from Department of Anthropology:
I specimen lace bark — Jamaica.
Transfer from Department of Geology:
1 fossil cryptozodn — Saratoga, New York.
Transfer from Section of Photography:
7 photographs of types — herbarium.
Purchases:
753 herbarium specimens — China and Japan.
457 herbarium specimens — Philippine Islands.
299 herbarium specimens — Argentina.
306 herbarium specimens — California and Oregon.
Mrs. Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratory:
Reproduction in glass and wax of pitcher-leaf plant, sectioned leaf, enlarged
flowers; Sausage-tree fruits; Candle-tree fruits.

260 Fretp Museum or Natura History — Reports, Vot. V.

Reproductions of Poison Ivy plant in leaf, flower and fruit; poison ivy
enlarged flowers; Mango fruits and leaves; Kemang fruit and leaves.

12 reproductions in glass of species of Flagellatae and Peridineae.

Models in glass of Nostoc, Rivularia, Trichodesmium, Spirulina, Sporogyra.

Reproductions of Gonocaryum pyriforme, branch flower and fruit, and
enlarged flowers.

Reproductions of Branch of Sassafras; enlarged flower and fruit of alligator
pear and its fruit in section; Micro. plants of Lingbya, Oscillatoria, and
Clathrocystis.

Reproductions of plant, flowers and enlarged flowers of Bitter-sweet.

Living plants of Calycanthus, Galax; fruits and seeds of Calycanthus;
flowers in formalin, of Calycanthus, Galax, Diospyros.

Reproductions in glass and wax of Galax plant and flowers; Grevillea flowers;
Witch-hazel branch and flower; Catalpa flower.

Reproductions of Trumpet-creeper vine; Catalpa flower; Indian Mulberry
Fruit; Passion-flower vine; Fox-glove plant; Poppy flower; Arrow-head
plant; Tuna Cactus fruits; Bladder-wort enlarged leaf and enlarged float.

GATES, FRANK C., Carthage, Illinois.

390 herbarium specimens — Michigan (exchange).
GRAY HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1 photograph of Vellozo’s plate 25, Xanthium brasilicum (exchange).
JEPSON, WILLIS L., Berkeley, California.

1 herbarium specimen — California (gift).
JOHNSON, ARTHUR E., Chicago.

68 herbarium specimens — Illinois (gift).
LANSING, O. E., Jr., Chicago.

2 fruits and seeds of Staphylea — Jackson Park, Chicago (gift).
LAUFER, BERTHOLD, Chicago.

I specimen dried opium — Hankow, China (gift).
LEWIS, A. B., Chicago.

I specimen of fungus — Jackson Park, Chicago (gift).
MATRACIA, A., San José, California.

1 ripe fruiting frond of Tuna cactus — his cultivation (gift).
MILLSPAUGH, CHARLES F., Chicago. ‘

183 herbarium specimens — North Carolina and Illinois (gift).

118 herbarium specimens — Wisconsin and Illinois (gift).

1 photograph of type of Xanthium canadense — London (gift).

1 photograph of type of Xanthium echinatum Mur. in herbarium de
Candolle, Geneva — Italy (gift).

1 photograph of co-type of Xanthium oviforme in herbarium British
Museum, London — Washington (gif‘).

MILLSPAUGH, CLARA MITCHELL, Chicago.
11 herbarium specimens — North Carolina (gift).
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, New York City.

217 herbarium specimens — various localities (exchange).

44 herbarium specimens — Jamaica (exchange).

148 herbarium specimens — Jamaica and Inagua Island (exchange).

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM, Albany, New York. :

1 photograph of ‘‘ Cryptozodn Ledge’’ — Lester Park, Saratoga, New York
(gift).

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 261

POPE, MRS. FREDERIQUE EUGENIA, Racine, Wisconsin.
1 photograph of Linnaea boralis in situ — Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin (gift).
1 herbarium specimen — Beach, Illinois (gift).
RIDGWAY, ROBERT, Olney, Illinois.
I photograph of Tacoma radicans — Richmond County, Illinois (gift).
267 herbarium specimens — Illinois and Indiana (gift).
SEELEY, MR., Asheville, North Carolina.
2 specimens wool, dyed with walnut bark and hickory bark — Asheville,
North Carolina (gift).
SHERFF, EARL E., Chicago.
188 herbarium specimens — various localities (gift).
1 herbarium specimen — Nukahiva Island (gift).
2 descriptions of species — Library (gift).
281 herbarium specimens — various localities (gift).
10 herbarium specimens — Illinois (gift).
SHULL, CHARLES A., Lawrence, Kansas.
4 type specimens of Xanthium — Kansas (gift).
STONE, FRANK B., Chicago.
I specimen fungus — Chicago (gift).
TUNDUZ, ADOLF, San José, Costa Rica.
3 herbarium specimens—Costa Rica (gift).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D. C.
Division of Plants:
246 herbarium specimens — various localities (exchange).
19 photographs of types — Herbarium (exchange).
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago.
Department of Botany:
2 herbarium specimens, type — China (gift).
Department of Geology:
1311 specimens, Herbarium of William Hall (gift).
WHERRY, EDGAR T., Washington, D. C.
3 herbarium specimens — West Virginia (gift).
WILSON & COMPANY, LABORATORIES, Chicago.
15 palm products — Brazil (gift).

‘ DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.

AMERICAN MANGANESE COMPANY, Chicago.
I specimen manganese ore — Laramie, Wyoming (gift).
AUSTRALIAN MINING MUSEUM, Sydney, New South Wales.
II specimens minerals — Australia (exchange).
AXEL, CHARLES O., Chicago.
I specimen gold-silver ore — Platoro, Colorado (gift).
BAILEY, E. S., Chicago.
2 specimens radium ore — Wyoming (gift).
BRIGHAM, ALEXANDER FAY, New York City.
33 specimens gem and other minerals associated with the diamond — Jagers-
fontein, South Africa (gift).

262 Firtp Museum or Natura History — Reports, Vot. V.

CHALMERS, W. J., Chicago.
42 specimens crystals — various localities (gift).
26 specimens crystals — various localities (gift).
21 specimens crystals — various localities (gift).
COOPER, E. R., Rochester, New York.
I specimen volcanic ash — Yukon Crossing, Alaska (gift).
FARGO, L. W., Chicago. :
I specimen titaniferous iron ore — Cook County, Minnesota (gift).
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Collected by B. E. Dahlgren:
83 specimens fossils and ores — Huntsville, Alabama.
Collected by H. W. Nichols:
I specimen Niagara Limestone — Clarendon Avenue, Chicago.
Purchases:
3 mineral specimens — Utah.
Type specimen of Paolia superba — Mazon Creek, Illinois.
FISHER, MRS. H. &., Chicago.
15 specimens minerals and fossils — various localities (gift).
GALLAGHER, J. F., Chicago.
I specimen chalk, Scotia, Nebraska (gift).
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY, Chicago.
I painting of Rome Glacier — Montana (gift).
HAM, FLOYD, Twin Falls, Idaho.
I specimen soda niter — Malheur County, Oregon (gift).
HARRIS, B. E., Chicago.
I specimen quartzite breccia — Arkansas (gift).
HUBBS, CARL L., San Diego, California.
9 specimens ores and minerals — California (gift).
KANST, EDWIN A., Chicago.
I specimen black earth, Chicago, (gift).
NICHOLS, CARRIE R., Waltham, Massachusetts.

7 specimens fossil shells — Canal near West Palm Beach, Florida (gift).

OSGOOD, S. W., Chicago.

2 specimens synthetic graphite — South Chicago (gift).
PATENT VULCANITE ROOFING COMPANY, Chicago.

5 specimens crushed rock for roofing — various localities (gift).
PAYSON, C. H., Watseka, Illinois.

I specimen volcanic tuff — Pocatello, Idaho (gift).
PROKES, JOSEPH N., Jackson, Minnesota.

14 specimens calcareous tufa — Jackson, Minnesota (exchange).
SCHOLZ, CARL, Chicago.

Photograph of fossil tree — Alderson, Oklahoma (gift).
TUNNELL, G. G., Jr., Evanson, Illinois.

II specimens minerals and rocks — California, Arizona and Mew Mexico

(gift).
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago.
‘Skull of Permian reptile — Brush Creek, Texas (exchange).
24 specimens of Permian reptiles — Texas (exchange).

|
|
|

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XLII

FIGURE OF WOMAN FROM CENTRAL TIBET, IN FESTIVE ATTIRE.
COMPLETE WITH JEWELRY.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 263

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY.

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
33 Atherine and Cyprinoid fishes — various localities (exchange).
ALLEN, MRS. HARRY, Rockford, Illinois.
2 sponges — Florida (gift).
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, New York City.
2 bees — New Jersey and Long Island (exchange).
BARNES, WILLIAM, Decatur, Illinois.
2950 moths — Canada, United States and Mexico (gift).
BLATCHLEY, W. S., Indianapolis, Indiana.
1 beetle — Dunedin, Florida (gift).
COALE, HENRY K., Highland Park, Illinois.
2 jays — Amami Oshima, Loo Choo Islands (gift).
COE COLLEGE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
375 fishes, amphibians and reptiles — British Honduras (exchange).
COVERT, A. B., Hannibal, Missouri.
1 silver-haired bat — South Haven, Michigan (gift).
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Purchases:
2 odd skulls, 11 South American mammals with skulls — French Guiana,
South America.
5 glacier bears — skins and skulls — Yakutat, Alaska.
5 mounted fishes — England.
5 small mammals — South America.
3 thick-billed parrots — Paradise, Arizona.
2 waterbugs — Rio Blanco at Orizaba, Mexico.
Transfer from Department of Anthropology:
1 crocodile skull — New Guinea.
STANLEY FIELD ORNITHOLOGY FUND.
I passenger pigeon (gift).
FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago.
2 beetles — Chicago (gift).
GERHARD, WILLIAM J., Chicago.
1 tree frog — Illinois (gift).
GUERET, MRS. E. N., Chicago.
1 bug — Dawson County, Montana (gift).
GUNTHER, F. E., La Crosse, Wisconsin.
1 extra large sheepshead — Lake Pepin (gift).
HUBBS, CARL L., Chicago.
7 Atherinoid fishes — southern and lower California (gift).
133 dragonflies, grasshoppers, moths, flies, bees, wasps and parasites — Cali-
fornia (gift).
7 reptiles and amphibians — California (gift).
2 snakes — Pacific Beach, California (gift).
11 toads — Indiana (gift).
4 turtles — northern Indiana (gift).
15 water bugs — California (gift).
KEEDY, H. W., Chicago.
2 fresh-water fishes — Florida (gift).

264 Firetrp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vor, V.

KWIAT, ALEXANDER, Chicago.
I cicada — Palos Park, Illinois (gift).
LILJEBLAD, E., Chicago.
13 ant-lions, bugs, beetles, and velvet-ants — northern Indiana and northern
Illinois (gift).
3 salamanders and lizards — Illinois (gift).
NARJAL, H. W., Chicago.
1 snake skin — San José, Costa Rica (gift).
NOLAN, MRS. M. C., Chicago.
54 mounted birds, 10 mounted mammals—Pennsylvania and Kansas (eift).
ODELL, C. L., Chicago.
1 dobson (male) — Geneva, Illinois (gift).
PRAY, LEON L., Chicago.
8 bird-lice — Illinois (gift).
10 fishes — Michigan (gift).
8 frogs and toads — Michigan (gift).
RAMSDEN, CHARLES T., Guantanamo, Cuba.
12 birds — Cuba (gift).
SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, San Diego, California.
4 fishes and salamanders — southern California (exchange).
WALTERS, LEON L., Chicago.
6 catfishes — Chicago Ridge, Illinois (gift).
WEISS, HARRY B., New Brunswick, New Jersey.
3 beetles — Summit and Riverton, New Jersey (gift).
WILLIAMSON, E. B., Bluffton, Indiana.
1 albino red squirrel — Bluffton, Indiana (gift).
WOLCOTT, A. B., Chicago.
20 sawflies — Chicago (gift).

SECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Made by Section:
1290 negatives and prints of Museum specimens.

THE LIBRARY.
BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND SERIALS
(ACCESSIONS ARE BY EXCHANGE UNLESS OTHERWISE DESIGNATED.)

AFRICA
Durban Museum
East Africa and ened Natural Risto oui: Neitobi
Geological Society, Johannesburg eft da ntaens
Rhodesia Scientific Association, Bulawayo .
Royal Society, Cape Town
South African Association for Ab Enocettye a aan Cae “Powis!
South African Museum, Cape Town .

ARGENTINA
Academia de Ciencias, Cordoba . . BT ge eT AE Oc een ie
Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Buenos Rites i me ME Re Rie cn

Ns Se & NS ND

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 265

AUSTRALIA
Austalian Museum, Sydney
Australian Ornithologists’ Union, Metbouras A
Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney .
Department of Agriculture, Adelaide
Department of Agriculture, Sydney .
Department of Fisheries, Sydney
Department of Mines, Sydney .
Field Naturalists’ Club, Melbourne
Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift) .
Geological Survey, Perth
Government of the Commonwealth, Melboarme
Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney .
National Herbarium, Melbourne. .
Public Library, Museum and Art Coatee: Hilcinarte
Public Library, Museums and National Gallery of Victoria, Mulsaeons
Queensland Department of Mines, Brisbane nee
Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney
Royal Society of Queensland, Brisbane .
Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart .
Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne . .
South Australia Ornithological Society, Adelaide
Tasmania Department of Agriculture, Hobart .
Technical Museum, Sydney
Victoria Department of Agriculture, hiaitoninde
Western Australia Geological Survey, Perth.

BRAZIL
Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 4
Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Votertiasia: Pinhero
Instituto Agronomico de Estado, Sao Paulo
Instituto Archeologico e Geographico Pernambucano, acife

BRITISH GUIANA
Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Demerara

CANADA
British Columbia Bureau of Mines
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa .
Department of Agriculture, Victoria . :
Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa
Department of Mines, Ottawa :
Department of Mines, Victoria
Department of the Interior, Geological Scivey. Ottawa
Horticultural Societies of Ontario, Toronto . ‘
McGill University, Montreal .
WHAISGEE. GF auCaAtION: “DOrOnto. 5.) ye fhe We Le pS hei
Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec
Numismatics and Antiquarian Society, Meitten!
Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club, Ottawa
Provincial Museum, Victoria . ‘
Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto .
Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa

RNA DN RS RB DN DD SPD SH SR RWW ND FPN FH SH

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266 Fretp Museum oF Naturat History — Reports, VoL. V.

CEYLON
Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya
CHILE
Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago de Chile
CHINA
Botanical and Forestry Department, Hong-Kong .
Royal Asiatic Society, North China Branch, Shanghai

DENMARK
Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenhagen : :
Société Royale des Antiquités du Nord, Comeniasee ;

FIJI ISLANDS
Fijian Society, Suva, Fiji Islands (gift) .
FRANCE
Académie des Sciences, Paris . ‘
L’Ecole Langues Orientales Vivantes, Pate’
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
La Nature; Paris ~. . c
Société de Géographie, et
Société de Géographie, Toulouse
Société Nationale d’Agriculture, Sictonete et ree maces
Société Zoologique, Paris tS be
GREAT BRITAIN
Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London .
Ashmolean Natural History Society of Oxfordshire, Oxford
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society

Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society, Brighton -

Bristol Museum and Art Gallery . ;

British Association for the Advancement of Sas Titan:

British Museum (Natural History), London

Cambridge Philosophical Society .

Cambridge University Library

Cardiff Naturalists’ Society .

Dove Marine Laboratory, Callecsbabs Noptkdiabetland oe te

Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society,
Dumfries . . Sis WEAF at ot, diy idee etc aig) gre

Fisheries Board, Rdinbureh

Geographical Society, London

Great Britain Geological Survey, Eauion

Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London ‘

Imperial College of Science and Technology, Fai ?

Japan Society of London : ;

Lancashire Sea Fisheries Eamets! Tavcecee

Linnean Society, London

Liverpool Biological Society . .

Manchester Literary and Bhai shical Sodiour

Manchester Museum .

Marine Biological Atoe:saan e the United Kingdom, Plymouth

National Museum of Wales, Cardiff . . : : a a

Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh . .« 2. 9. « « »s =» « =

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.
JAN., I9IQ. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
Royal Colonial Institute, London
Royal Geographical Society, London
Royal Society, London ay Rhee
Royal Society of Arts, London
Royal Society of Edinburgh
Tring Zoological Museum .
INDIA
Anthropological Society, Bombay
Archeological Survey, Calcutta
Archeological Survey, Lahore
Botanical Survey, Calcutta ;
Department of Agriculture, Madras .
Department of Agriculture, Pusa
Geological Survey, Calcutta
Government Museum, Madras es
Hyderabad Archeological Society (gift) .
National Indian Association, Calcutta (gift)
Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch, Singapore
Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta aah te
Superintendent of Government Printing
ITALY
Accademia Giornia di Scienze Naturali, Catania
Instituto Botanico Dell’Universita de Pavia
Instituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara.
Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milan .
Societa Romana di Antropologia, Rome
JAPAN
Bureau of Productive Industry Formosa Government, Taihoku .
Geological Survey, Tokyo. . ;
Imperial University of Tokyo, College of Apriotliale :
Imperial University of Tokyo, College of Science
Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai . ;
Tokyo Botanical Society F
JAVA
Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Batavia
Department of Agriculture, Buitenzorg .
Department van Landbouw, Buitenzorg
Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg
KOREA
Government-General Chosen, Seoul .
MEXICO
Director General de Estadistica, Mexico
Instituto Geologico, Mexico :
Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘ Antonio Alzate,” Sian :
Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica, Mexics

NETHERLANDS

Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefonde r-vindelijke Wijsbegeerte, Rotterdam

K. Bibliotheek, Hague .

267

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268 Fretp Museum or NaturaAt History — Reports, Vou. V.

K. Instituut voor de Taal, Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie,
’s Gravenhage ’ ;

K. Nederlandsch Wardiledennaie Cedbbbsetie) pene ene ;

Rijks Ethnographisch Museum, Leiden . SHUN

Rijks Museum van Natuurlijks Histoire, Leiden

NEW ZEALAND

Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington 2

Department of Agriculture, Wellington . Keele: Oe

Department of Mines, Wellington 00) 000) 0/0
4
2

Nee N

Geological Survey, Wellington
New Zealand Institute, Wellington

NORWAY
Bergens Museum . . Bal Na lec, sap Olaleh mith thet ia i
Physiografishe Forening, Ghneisniq:| wT ee le tah ia heath ee
Tromso Miiseuma ii i ee el UN NE ar

PERU
Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas, Lima
Sociedad Geografica, Lima

PORTUGAL
Academia das Sciencias, Lisbon
Instituto D’Anatomie, Lisbon
Société Portugaise de Science Naturelle, eho

SPAIN
Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid . . PROMI M ee 8
Sociedad Espafiola de Historia Natural, Madatd oie lve 6 al ad ae

SWEDEN
K. Biblioteket, Stockholm .
Svenska Sallskapet for Antropologi nen eceecah Stackhola

SWITZERLAND
Botanic Garden, Ziirich
Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Conca
Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel
Ostschweizerische Geograph.—Comme rc. Gerlicchase St. Callen
Société Botanique de Genéve, Geneva :
Société de Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle, Geters ;
Société des Sciences Naturelles, Fribourg
Société Neuchateloise de Géographie
Société Zoologique de Genéve, Geneva

WEST INDIES
Agricultural Experiment Station, Porto Rico
Biblioteca Nacional, Havana . ABR
Department of Agriculture, Bitpedia
Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbadoed
Jamaica Institute, Kingston
Trinidad and Tobago Department of pubes, Port of ‘eyes
Universidad de la Habana, Havana . EE Neon t/a

Baker, R. T., Sydney, N. S. W. ,
Best, Elsdon, Wellington, New Zealand (gift)

— N nw Ne

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JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

Carpenter, G. H., Dublin, Ireland

Chodat, R., Geneva, Switzerland (gift) .

Costantin, M. hg wate, Prance (pitty). 6 308

Debenedetti, Salvador, Buenos Aires, Brazil eft)

Despoll, Giuseppe, Malta . : é

Dunod, H., Paris, France .

Gleerup, C. W. K., Lund, Sweden

Lambe, Lawrence, Ottawa, Canada (gift)

Larrea, C. M., Quito, Ecuador (gift)

Lehmann, Netsche R., Buenos Aires, Brazil

Maiden, J. H., Sydney, N.S. W. a

Marshall, Sir John, Calcutta, India (gift) :

Rosenburg, G. A., Copenhagen, Denmark (gift)

Steensby, H. P., Copenhagen, Denmark (gift) .
ALABAMA

Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn

ARIZONA
Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson

CALIFORNIA
Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley .
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Cooper Ornithological Club, Hollywood .
Fish and Game Commission, San Francisco , ,
Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford Paivendiy ;
Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art
Pioneer Western Lumberman, Sacramento . rh ¢ Ser
Pomona College, Claremont ,
State Board of Forestry, Sacramento
State Mining Bureau, Sacramento
University of California, Berkeley
COLORADO
Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins
Bureau of Mines, Denver . Pa Paes
Colorado College, Colorado Sorings
Colorado Museum of Natural History, Biaiven’
State Geological Survey, Boulder

CONNECTICUT
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven .
American Oriental Society, New Haven . ‘
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Poa :
Hartford Public Library
Hartford Public Museum .
Meriden Bird Club (gift) Ue en ow aa tea
Wesleyan University, New Haven ..... .
Yale University, New Haven

FLORIDA
Florida Geological Survey, Tallahassee .

GEORGIA
etlomcal Survey, Atlanta 60. (6S es ee

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Ke)

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270 Fretp Museum or Natura History — Reports, VoL. V.

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu .
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu . P
Board of Commissions of Agriculture and Forestry, Haagtesis
Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu .
Honolulu Historical Society,

IDAHO
Mining Industry, Boise
University of Idaho, Moscow .

ILLINOIS
Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana
Art Institute of Chicago :
Chicago Academy of Sciences .
Chicago Historical Society
Chicago Library Club (gift)
Chicago Public Library .
Engineering and Cement World, ee (gift)
Hardwood Record, Chicago (gift) Z
John Crerar Library, Chicago
Lake Forest College
Lewis Institute, Chicago
Newberry Library, Chicago :
Northwestern University, Evanston . e
Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago .
State Academy of Science, Springfield
State Board of Agriculture, Springfield .
State Historical Library, Springfield . :
State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana .
Sweet, Wallach and Company, eae sae
University of Chicago . ‘
University of Illinois, Urbana

INDIANA
Department of Geology and Natural History, ee
Indiana Academy of Science, wrap Sane
Purdue University, Lafayette . :
State Entomologist, Indianapolis (gift) .
Studebaker Corporation, South Bend vidi
University of Notre Dame g

IOWA
Academy of Sciences, Des Moines
Geological Survey, Des Moines
Iowa State College, Ames . ;
Iowa State Horticultural Society, ‘Ties Mesias ;
State Highway Commission, Des Moines
University of Iowa, Iowa City ..

KANSAS
Academy of Science, Topeka .
Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhatean
State Board of Agriculture, Topeka .

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XLI/

HABITAT GROUP
RUFFED GROUSE (‘‘PARTRIDGE’’) Bonasa umbellus (LINN.)

A nesting pair disturbed by a Raccoon.

. .

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DrrReEcTor. 271

State Geological Survey, Lawrence . . Oe oat baa ee Cae Ee

University of Kansas, Geological Survey, SAE) eS Sa tee eee ee
KENTUCKY

Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington. . . . ... ...2

Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington (gift) . . . . . ... .2
LOUISIANA

Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge . ..... =. =. 2

Department of Conservation, New Orleans (gift) . . . . ... .2

rn mrracnee s N Se oye ee OR ee
MAINE

Bowdoin College, Brunswick . UMN Aa pate et ey hy R54, ca aay ee

mreneraronet, Weurvile 5 of wk ge eb ae

ET EMR of Pk yee 8 os te a ee
MARYLAND

Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park .
Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore
Geological Survey, Baltimore .

Johns Hopkins University, Bunhacts
Maryland Institute, Baltimore

State Board of Forestry, Baltimore

MASSACHUSETTS

Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst .
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston
American Antiquarian Society, Boston
Amherst College
Archzological Institute of Aenadins, Boston’
Boston Museum of Fine Arts
Boston Public Library .
Clark University, Worcester
Essex Institute, Salem .
Harvard Museum of Ganianative Zoblogy, Camibridee
Harvard University, Gray Herbarium, Cambridge
Horticultural Society, Boston .
New Bedford Free Public Library
Peabody Institute ‘
Peabody Museum, Cusbeidee

__ Peabody Museum, Salem .
Salem Public Library
Springfield City Library Wari’. :
Springfield Natural History Museum
Tufts College, Boston . oes
Williams College, Witicmstawn
Worcester County Horticultural Gite. Wee
Worcester Free Public Library eats Lc.

~ MICHIGAN
Academy of Sciences, Ann Arbor. . .
Agricultural Experiment Station, heeded Coli,
Art and Museum Commissioners, Grand Rapids
Department of Parks and Boulevards, Detroit .

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272 FreLp Museum oF NaturaL History — Reports, Vot. V.
fd

Detroit Museum of Art ;

Game, Fish and Forest Commission, ionsne (gift)
Geological and Biological Survey, Lansing .
Grand Rapids Public Library .

Michigan College of Mines, Hobelten

National Educational Association of the United Bintees pins avtee 4

Parke Davis and Company, Detroit (gift)

State Board of Agriculture, Lansing . ;

State Board of Library Commissions, Tanne i

State Library, Lansing u

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ,
MINNESOTA

Academy of Sciences, Minneapolis

Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul

Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
MISSISSIPPI

Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College
MISSOURI

Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia

Bureau of Geology and Mines, Jefferson City

City Art Museum, St. Louis 5

Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

St. Louis Academy of Sciences

St. Louis Natural History Museum Aeron (gift)

St. Louis Public Library PUMA MOS DAG)

St. Louis University :

University of Missouri, Cuiematea

Washington University, St. Louis

NEBRASKA
Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln
Game and Fish Commission, Lincoln (gift) .
Public Library, Omaha :
University of Nebraska, Lincoln .
NEVADA
Agricultural Experiment Station, Carson City .
State University, Reno BANS AN Ted hath
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Meriden Bird Club (gift)
NEW JERSEY
Department of Conservation and Development, Trenton .
Geological Survey, Trenton
Horticultural Society, Trenton

New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Meeuan tec! Treaban (gift)

Newark Museum Association .

Princeton University

Rutgers College, New Hedaswick)

State Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton
State Museum, Trenton I ee

ee ee ee)

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JAN., I9I9. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 273

NEW YORK
Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva . 3
American Geographical Society, New York City 3
American Hellenic Society, New York City (gift) . I
American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York City 2
20

American Museum of Natural History, New York City
Brooklyn Botanic Garden . AAR,

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and EES

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching eit)
Columbia University, New York City

Conservation Commission, Albany (gift)

Cornell University, Ithaca ‘

Forest and Stream Publishing Comweny, New York City:
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

New York Academy of Sciences, New York City

New York Botanical Garden, New York City .

New York Historical Society, New York City .

Pratt Institute Free Library, Brooklyn .

Public Library, New York City

Rochester Academy of Sciences

State College of Forestry, Syracuse

State Library, Albany .

State Museum, Albany ;
Staten Island Association of Arts sat Selene, Nex ew York City F
Stone Publishing Company, New York City its
Syracuse University . oe te Kt

Zoological Society, New York City

NORTH CAROLINA
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill .
Geological and Economic Survey, Raleigh

OHIO
Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster
Cincinnati Museum Association
Cleveland Art Museum.
Cleveland Public Library .
Geological Survey, Columbus .
Lloyd Library, Cincinnati .
Marietta College
Oberlin College. . .
State Archzological and Historical Saabs Calupbas:
State University, Columbus Bie Pe) LENE Reraet I es
University of Cincinnati .
Wilson Ornithological Club, Obedin::

OKLAHOMA

POOLE PRA WENT, TTS ia ay ele) ele ee eh eg es
OREGON

PILE EITERBEE eSQOPE (ety No) carey ie sea tel Nhe) Mads eRe) fe Pehl ae ache ae

PENNSYLVANIA
American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. . . . . © »« « « 4

iS)

Ne DNDN COR HR He HH N HR BW NOW HF HOW

mn w&

He NY CO eH HH SW ND & & DH

274 Fretp Museum or Natura. History — Reports, Vot. V.

American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia

American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia

Association of Engineering Societies, Philadelphia .

Bryn Mawr College he

Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh.

Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh .

Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh ‘ .

Engineers’ Society of Western ES, Pittsburgh :

Franklin Institute, Philadelphia A

Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia

Pennsylvania Museum and School of Traduca Art, Philadeipger

Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences . ‘

Philadelphia Commercial Museum

State Department of Agriculture, Barhiee

Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Bureau of Education, Manila .

Department of Agriculture, Manila .

Department of Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Realy

Department of Interior, Bureau of Science, Manila

Department of Public Instruction, Manila .
RHODE ISLAND

Roger Williams Park Museum, Providence’... . °.' 2” 2)
SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston Museum .)07 0 00 8 OR ad a me,
SOUTH DAKOTA

Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings. . 9 . .°... . 2 ane

Geological Survey, Vermillion °° 2.0... 8
TENNESSEE

Department of Game and Fish, Nashville (gift) . . . . . =. . . =F

State Geological Survey, Nashville Bp pila or 3 aii hs
TEXAS

Scientific Society; San Antonio §.. 6 6s ale” eu 0 be) ee
UTAH

Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan . .. : « .t4 «tis eee
VERMONT

State Forester, Burlington: 90.) oy). fii eh ee
VIRGINIA

State Library, Richmond 2 1.6 92) 7 alle ein Ve ee See
WASHINGTON

State Geological Survey, Kagan wy ta koe bets le SNeultngt? A eg

State Library, Seattle . . . wh teh ie IE RUE

State University, Seattle
WASHINGTON, D. C.

American Academy in'Rome > is. $V e430 Sa ee

American Mining Congress

NOS SS S&S & NS DYDD DS Se

Ny CM eH N

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 275

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (gift)

National Academy of Sciences Ry er ey Sea: IC es
National Education Association (gift) aw ge ice ge GR SR eile ERED RA ER w oN Sa e genece
Pemantsenprannic poctetys se Se ae!) WN 2
National Zoological Park a hab | Aa? BRA ene aeons I
MameereeaCeteAt LITT SY gee Po SS. fel ES OMe alae SRE A ea
er MiMtes sQWerImeny = 2 os a es Lar Ge

WEST VIRGINIA
Agricultural Experiment Station, Morgantown .

WISCONSIN
Academy of Sciences, Madison .
Agricultural Experiment Station, MiaAioon :
Archzological Society, Milwaukee
Beloit College . . ;
Geological and Natural isi Barvey: Matias ;
Natural History Society, Madison
State Historical Society, Madison
State Horticultural Society, Madison
University of Wisconsin, Madison

WYOMING
Agricultural Experiment Station, Laramie

Ayer, Edward E., (gift)

Barnes, William, Decatur, Illinois . :
Beckwith, Florence, Rochester, New York (gift)
Burkholder, Walter H., Ithaca, New York (gift)
Casey, Thomas L., Washington, D. C. (gift)
Chalmers, William J., Chicago (gift)

Cockerell, T. D. A., Boulder, Colorado

Cole, Fay-Cooper, Chicago. . :
Cook, Melville T., New Brdaswick, New fanney
Evans, Herbert H., Norfolk, Virginia (gift)
Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit, Michigan .

Fernald, M. L., Cambridge, Massachusetts
Ford, W. E., New Haven, Connecticut (gift).
Freer, Charles L., Detroit, Michigan Baa
Gerhard, W. J., Chicago. .

Hall, Ivan C., Berkeley, Cobferaa: (gift) eal
Holland, W. J., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 57m ‘
Hubbs, Carl L., Chicago aNd ‘
Kendall, W. C., Washington, D. c.

Knotts, A. F., Gary, Indiana (gift)

Laufer, Berthold, Chicago ;

Laurvik, J. Nilsen, San Francisco, California (ett
Liljeblad, Emil, Chicago ; as) & 4
McCrea, William S., Chicago it)

Mason, J. Alden, Chicago

Massey, L. M., Ithaca, New Vick :

Merrill, Elmer D., Manila, Philippine iande
Millspaugh, C. F., Chicago. . . . - -

co]
N N &# eH ® NSD Nv

_

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°

276 Fre~tp Museum or Natura. History — Reports, Vor. V..

Moore, Clarence S., Philadelphia

Morse, Edward S., Salem, Massachusetts
Osgood, W. H., Chicago ‘
Owen, CLs, Chicago: ei ag eee Ha IT hai
Payser, W.'A., Philadelphia) Oe ee
Penrose, R. A. F., Jr., Philadelphia ’ ‘
Randall, T. A. and Company, Indianapolis, Tdiene
Redfield, Casper L., Chicago (gift) 4
Sargent, C. S., Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
Sawyer, W. H., Jr., Lewiston, Maine (gift)

Schaff, Wilfred H., Philadelphia (gift)

Starr, Frederick, Chicaty

Weir, James R., Missoula, Weankdia (gift) ‘
Whitehouse, F. C., Red Deer, Alta, Canada (gift)

=

p
NON

sa Ne & SN Se

WwW

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XLIV

A TRUMPET-VINE REPRODUCED IN GLASS AND WAX.

A characteristic plant of the Bignonta Family. This reproduction is
natural size and five feet high.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 277

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.

STATE OF ILLINOIS.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

WILtiAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State.

To ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING:

Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the
office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A. D. 1893, for the
organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac-
cordance with the provisions of ‘‘An Act Concerning Corporations,” approved
April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy
of which certificate is hereto attached.

Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of
Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify
that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized
Corporation under the laws of this State.

In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great
Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Inde-
pendence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth.

W. H. HINRICHSEN,
[SEAL.] Secretary of State.

TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN,
SECRETARY OF STATE:
Srr:

We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a corporation
under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled ‘‘An Act Con-
cerning Corporations,” approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof;
and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit:

1. The name of such corporation is the ““COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF
CHICAGO.”

2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemination
of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Arche-
ology, Science and History.

3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of
FIFTEEN (15) TRUSTEES, five of whom are to be elected every year.

4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the
first year of its corporate existence:

Ed. E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles
L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch,

278 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Revorts, Vot. V.

James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black
and Frank W. Gunsaulus.

5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and
State of Illinois.

(Signed),

George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert
McMurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer Bucking-
ham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat,
George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G.
Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan,
L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F.
Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen
F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler,
John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy
Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R.
Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker,
George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale,
Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman
Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D.
Armour.

STATE OF ILLINOIS
ss.
Cook CouNTY

I, G. R. MitcHELL, a Notary Pus ic in and for said County, do hereby certify
that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged
severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for
the uses and purposes therein set forth.

Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893.

G. R. MITCHELL,

{[SEAL.] Notary Pustic, Cook County, ILL.

CHANGE OF NAME.

Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the
25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26,
1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois.

CHANGE OF NAME.

Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the
8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM
was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to
this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for
Illinois.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 279

AMENDED BY-LAWS.

(JUNE 12, 1916.)

ARTICLE I.

MEMBERS,

SECTION I. Members shall be of five classes, Annual Members, Corporate
Members, Life Members, Patrons and Honorary Members.

Sec. 2. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are Selected from
time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an
annual fee of ten dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election,
and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. The failure of any person
to make such initiatory payment and such annual payments within said time shall,
at the option of the Board of Trustees, be sufficient grounds for the forfeiture of an
annual membership.

This said annual membership shall entitle the member to:

First.— Free admittance for the member and family, to the Museum on any day.

Second.— Ten tickets every year, admitting the bearer to the Museum on pay
days.

Third.— A copy of all publications of the Museum when requested.

Fourth.— Invitations to all special exhibits, receptions, lectures, or other
functions which may be given at the Museum.

SEc. 3. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the
articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to
time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recommendation
of the Executive Committee; provided, that such persons named in the articles of
incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and
persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their
election, pay into the treasury the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) or more. The
failure of any person to make such payment within said time, shall, at the option of
the Board of Trustees, be ground for forfeiture of his corporate membership. Cor-
porate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be
exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at
the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees
is held.

Sec. 4. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of five hundred dollars
($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a
Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues.

Src. 5. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the
Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent service to

280 Fretp Museum or NaturAL History — Reports, Vou. V.

the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election
as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members.

Sec. 6. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons
who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination
of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues.

ARTICLE II.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

SECTION I. The Board of Trustees shall consist of fifteen members. The
respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall hereafter be
elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled
at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee
made at a preceding regular meeting, by a majority vote of the members of the
Board present.

Sec. 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the second Monday of
each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall
be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees
shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the
Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meetings may be ad-
journed by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next
regular meeting.

SEc. 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding
meetings, shall be given by the Secretary.

ARTICLE III.
HONORARY TRUSTEES

SEcTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed
for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change
of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity
shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present
at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary
Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular
or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in
the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote.

ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS.

SECTION I. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second
Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be
chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting
being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, and the Second
Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees.
The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the second Monday of January
of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting.

Sec. 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are
elecied and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 281

Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies
in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting.

Sec. 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their
respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated
from time to time by the Board of Trustees.

ARTICLE V.
THE TREASURER.

SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corporation,
except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants
drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or
inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance
Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned
by one of the Vice-Presidents. But no warrants shall be issued, except in conformity
with a regularly prepared voucher, giving the name of the payee and stating the
occasion for the expenditure, and verified and approved as hereinafter prescribed.
It shall be no part of the duties of the Treasurer to see that the warrants have been
issued in conformity with such vouchers.

Sec. 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the corporation
shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated
by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and prin-
cipal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except
as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any
or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers,
namely: The President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or
one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum.

Sec. 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties,
as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees.

Sec. 4. All vouchers executed for the payment of liabilities incurred in the
administration of the Museum, shall be verified by the Auditor, and approved for
payment by the Director, and the Chairman of the Administration Committee.
All vouchers executed for expenditures for the construction or reconstruction of the
Museum building, or buildings, shall be verified by the Auditor and approved for
payment by the Chairman of the Building Committee. All vouchers executed in
connection with the investments of the Corporation, or, in any way having to do
with the endowment funds of the Corporation, shall be verified by the Auditor and
approved for payment by the Chairman of the Finance Committee.

Src. 5. The Harris Trust and Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Custodian of
“The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum” fund. The Bank
shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and counter-
signed by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may
be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability
of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents. But no war-
rant shall be issued, except in conformity with a regularly prepared voucher, giving
the name of the payee and stating the occasion for the expenditure, and verified and
approved by the Auditof, the Director and Chairman of the Administration Com-
mittee. It shall be no part of the duties of the said Custodian to see that the war-
rants have been issued in conformity with such vouchers.

282 Fietp Museum or Natura History — Reports, Vou. V.

ARTICLE VI.
THE DIRECTOR.

SECTION I. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who
shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have immediate
charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the
institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Committees.
The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or
its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force.

Src. 2. There shall be four scientific departments of the Museum — Anthro-
pology, Botany, Geology and Zoology, each under the charge of a Curator, subject
to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be appointed by the Board
upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of
the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific departments shall be appointed
and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the
respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove
all other employees of the Museum.

Sec. 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting,
recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual
Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work of the
Museum for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet
form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in
such number as the board may direct.

ARTICLE VII.

AUDITOR.

SECTION I. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office
during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting
forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum,
and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be
required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all vouchers for the
expenditure of the money of the corporation.

ARTICLE VIII.
COMMITTEES.

SECTION I. There shall be six Committees as follows: Finance, Building,
Auditing, Pension, Administration and Executive.

Sec. 2. The Finance, Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of
three members, and the Building and Administration Committees shall each consist
of five members. All members of these five Committees shall be elected by ballot
by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until
their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Com-
mittees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order
in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member
named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third
named, Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order
in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman.

Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board,
the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee,

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 283

the Chairman of the Administration Committee, the Chairman-of the Auditing Com-
mittee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and two other members of the
Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting.

Sec. 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Committee;
three members shall constitute a quorum of the Administration Committee, and in
all other standing Committees, two members shall constitute a quorum. In the
event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly
elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Committee, then the
Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any member of
the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee.

Sec. 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endow-
ment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real
estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and re-
invest funds, subject to the approval of the Board.

Sec. 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the construc-
tion, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum
purposes.

Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time
as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he mav be requested to do by three
members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration
of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings
of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare
and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts trom
all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures
which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption
of the Budget by the Board, the respective Committees shall be considered as
authorized to make the expenditures detailed therein. No increase in the expendi-
tures under any items of the Budget shall be made, except by authority of the Board
of Trustees, but the Executive Committee shall have authority, in cases of emer-
gency, to expend a further total sum not exceeding two thousand dollars in any one
month.

Sec. 8. The Administration Committee shall have general supervision of the
affairs of the Museum. The Committee shall hold one meeting each month with
the Director at the Museum within a week preceding each Monthly Meeting of the
Board of Trustees.

Sec.9. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac-
counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall
cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi-
vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm
to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall
have taken place.

SEc. 10. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes
as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the
Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall besubject
to the approval of the Board of Trustees.

SEc. 11. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceed-
ings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board.

SEc. 12. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and
Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Committee may
be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board.

284 Fretp Museum or Natura History — Reports, VoL. V.

ARTICLE IX.
NOMINATING COMMITTEE.

SECTION I. At the November meeting of the Board, each year a Nominating
Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations
for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Administra-
tion Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for two
members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted
at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting
in January. /

ARTICLE X.

SECTION I. Whenever the word ‘“‘Museum”’ is employed in the By-Laws of
the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an
Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study
collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all
appurtenances of the Institution, and the workings, researches, installations, ex-
penditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all
scientific and maintenance activities.

Sec. 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board
of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amend-
ment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 285

HONORARY MEMBERS.

EDWARD E. AYER CHARLES B. CORY
MRS. TIMOTHY B. BLACKSTONE HARLOW N. HIGINBOTHAM
STANLEY McCORMICK

PATRONS.
ALLISON V. ARMOUR GEORGE MANIERRE
EDWARD B. BUTLER CHARLES H. MARKHAM
ALBERT M. COLLINS JOHN S. MILLER
LEE GARNETT DAY JOHN BARTON PAYNE
ERNEST R. GRAHAM HOMER E. SARGENT
FRANK W. GUNSAULUS FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF
CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON WILLARD A. SMITH

VERNON SHAW KENNEDY

286 Fre~tp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vor. V.

CORPORATE MEMBERS.

ALDIS, OWEN F.
ARMOUR, ALLISON V.
AYER, EDWARD E.

BARTLETT, A C.
BLAIR, WATSON F.
BUTLER, EDWARD B.

CHALMERS, W. J.

CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C.

COLLINS, ALBERT M.
CRANE, RICHARD T.

DAY, LEE GARNETT

EASTMAN, SIDNEY C.
ELLSWORTH, JAMES W.

FIELD, MARSHALL
FIELD, STANLEY

GAGE, LYMAN J.
GETTY,HENRY H. °
GRAHAM, ERNEST R.
GUNSAULUS, FRANK W.
GUNTHER, C. F.

HIGINBOTHAM, H. N.
HUTCHINSON, CHARLES L.

JONES, ARTHUR B.

KEEP, CHAUNCEY
KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW
KOHLSAAT, HERMAN H.

McCORMICK, CYRUS H.
MARKHAM, CHARLES H.
MANIERRE, GEORGE
MILLER, JOHN S.
MITCHELL, JOHN J.

PAYNE, JOHN BARTON
PECK, FERD W.
PORTER, GEORGE F.

RYERSON, MARTIN A.

SARGENT, HOMER E.
SKIFF, FREDERICK J. V.
SMITH, WILLARD A.
SPRAGUE, A. A., 2ND
STONE, MELVILLE E.

WRIGLEY, WILLIAM, JR.

DECEASED, 1918.
CLARK, JOHN M.

JAN., 1919.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

LIFE MEMBERS.

ALDIS, OWEN F.
ALLEN, BENJAMIN

BAKER, MISS ISABELLE
BANKS, ALEXANDER F.
BARRELL, FINLEY
BARRETT, MRS. A. D.
BARRETT, ROBERT L.
BARTLETT, A. C.
BASSFORD, LOWELL C.
BEALE, WILLIAM G.
BILLINGS, FRANK

BLACKSTONE, MRS. TIMOTHY B.

BLAINE, MRS. EMMONS
BLAIR, HENRY A.

BLAIR, WATSON F.
BOOTH, W. VERNON
BOYNTON, C. T.
BREWSTER, WALTER S.
BROWN, WILLIAM L.
BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J.
BUTLER, EDWARD B.
BYLLESBY, H. M.

CARR, CLYDE M.
CARRY, EDWARD F.
CARTON, L. A.
CHALMERS, WILLIAM J.
CLAY, JOHN

COBE, IRA M.

CRAMER, CORWITH
CRANE, CHARLES RICHARD
CRANE, RICHARD T.
CUDAHY, JOSEPH M.
CUMMINGS, D. MARK

DAU, J. J.

DAWES, CHARLES G.
DAY, ALBERT M.
DEERING, CHARLES
DEERING, JAMES
DELANO, FREDERIC A.
DICK, ALBERT BLAKE

DONNELLEY, REUBEN H.
DONNELLEY, THOMAS E.
DRAKE, TRACY C.

ECKHART, B. A.

FAIR, ROBERT M.
FARWELL, WALTER
FAY, C. N.

FIELD, MARSHALL
FIELD, STANLEY
FORSYTH, ROBERT
FULLER, WILLIAM A.

GARTZ, A. F.

GARY, JOHN W.
GRISCOM, CLEMENT A.
GROMMES, JOHN B.

HAMILL, ERNEST A.
HILL, LOUIS W.
HOROWITZ, L. J.
HOXIE, MRS. JOHN R.
HUGHITT, MARVIN
HULBURD, CHARLES H.
HUTCHINSON, C. L.

INSULL, SAMUEL

287

JOHNSON, MRS. ELIZABETH AYER

JOHNSON, FRANK S.
JONES, ARTHUR B.

KEEP, CHAUNCEY

KELLEY, WILLIAM V.
KING, FRANCIS

KING, JAMES G.

KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFFE

LAMONT, ROBERT P.
LAWSON, VICTOR
LOGAN, SPENCER H,

288 Fretp Museum oF NAturAL History — Reports, VoL. V.

McCORMICK, MRS.
McCORMICK, CYRUS H.
McCORMICK, HAROLD F.
McELWEE, ROBERT H.
McLENNAN, D. R.
MacVEAGH, FRANKLIN
MARK, CLAYTON
MASON, WILLIAM 6&.
MITCHELL, J. J.
MUNROE, CHARLES A.

NEWELL, A. B.

ORR, ROBERT M.

PAM, MAX

PATTEN, HENRY J.
PIKE, EUGENE S.
PORTER, GEORGE F.
PORTER, H. H.

RAWSON, FREDERICK H.
REAM, MRS. CAROLINE P.
REVELL, ALEXANDER H.
REYNOLDS, GEORGE M.

ROBINSON, THEODORE W.
ROSENWALD, JULIUS
RUNNELLS, JOHN S.
RUSSELL, EDMUND A.
RUSSELL, EDWARD P.
RYERSON, MRS. CARRIE H.
RYERSON, EDWARD L.
RYERSON, MARTIN A.

SHEDD, JOHN G.
SIMPSON, JAMES
SMITH, ORSON
SPOOR, JOHN A.
SPRAGUE, A. A., 2ND
STOUT, FRANK D.
STURGES, GEORGE
SWIFT, CHARLES H.
SWIFT, EDWARD F.
SWIFT, LOUIS F.

THORNE, CHARLES H.
THORNE, ROBERT J.

WILLARD, ALONZO J.
WILSON, WALTER H.

DECEASED, 1918,

STILLWELL, HOMER A.
THORNE, GEORGE R.

JAN., I9QIQ.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

ANNUAL MEMBERS.

ADAMS, CYRUS H.
ADAMS, MILWARD
ALLERTON, ROBERT H.
ARMOUR, GEORGE A.

BAILEY, EDWARD P.
BECKER, A. G.
BILLINGS, C. K. G.
BOAL, CHARLES T.
BURLEY, CLARENCE A.

COMSTOCK, WILLIAM C.

COONLEY-WARD, MRS. L. A.

CUMMINGS, E. A.
CURTIS, D. H.

EISENDRATH, W. N.

FORGAN, JAMES B.
FRANK, HENRY L.
FULLER, O. F.
FURST, CONRAD

GLESSNER, J. J.
GOODRICH, A. W.
GORDON, EDWARD K.
GREY, CHARLES F.
GURLEY, W. W.

HARRIS, JOHN F.
HASKELL, FREDERICK T.
HIBBARD, WILLIAM G., Jr.
HITCHCOCK, R. M.

HOLT, GEORGE H.

JENKINS, GEORGE H.
JONES, J. S.

KEITH, W. SCOTT
KIMBALL, EUGENE S.

LAMB, FRANK H.
LINCOLN, ROBERT T.
LINN, W. R.

LOGAN, F. G.

LORD, J. B.

LOWDEN, FRANK 0.
LYTTON, HENRY C.

McCREA, W. S.
McWILLIAMS, LAFAYETTE
MacFARLAND, HENRY J.
MAGEE, HENRY W.
MANSURE, E. L.

MAYER, LEVY

MEYER, MRS. M. A.
MOORE, N. G.

MULLIKEN, A. H.

NATHAN, ADOLPH
NOLAN, JOHN H.
NORTON, O. W.

PALMER, PERCIVAL B.
PARKER, FRANCIS W.

PEARSON, EUGENE H.
PINKERTON, W. A.

RIPLEY, E. P.
ROSENBAUM, JOSEPH
ROSENFELD MRS. MAURICE

SCHMIDT, DR. O. L.
SCHWARTZ, G. A.
SEIPP, MRS. C.
SHORTALL, JOHN L.
SKINNER, THE MISSES
SOPER, JAMES P.
SOUTHWELL, H. E.

SPENCE, MRS. ELIZABETH E.

STOCKTON, JOHN T.
STUART, ROBERT

289

290 Fretp Museum or NaAturAt History — Reports, Vot. V.

UIHLEIN, EDWARD G. WALLER, EDWARD C.
WHITEHEAD, W. M.

WACKER, CHARLES H. WILSON, MRS. E. C.

WALKER, JAMES R. WILSON, M. H.

WALKER, WILLIAM B.

DECEASED.

HARRIS, GEORGE B.
HOPKINS, JOHN P.
KIMBALL, MRS. MARK
LAY, A. TRACY
WHITE, A. STAMFORD

JAN., I919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 291

Reproduced by permission of the ‘‘Architectural Record”

HENRY HERING’S SCULPTURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY IN CHICAGO

By CHARLES OVER CORNELIVS

Conceived in the mind of a public-spirited citizen, and made possible
of realization by his generosity, the Field Museum of Natural History
in Chicago stands as a memorial to Marshall Field, its founder, and
constitutes one of the chief architectural glories of the city. This great
museum is destined to house extensive collections associated with the
natural sciences and will function as an immense educational concord-
ance. Easy of access from all parts of the city, overlooking the great
open space of Grant Park to the north, and visible in its white majesty
from far out upon the nearby lake, its site is unrivaled as a dignified and
appropriate setting. The design has called forth a sustained architectural
study with all that this implies, and the architects, Graham, Anderson,
Probst and White, have given to the country a masterpiece in monu-
mental building of a distinction and dignity commensurate with its
purpose and origin.

The monumental sculptures created in conjunction with such a
building form an essential element in its design. Their position, while not
necessarily structural, is in a vital spot of the organism, esthetically
considered, and the individual works themselves thus assume a responsi-
bility for the success of the whole work altogether out of proportion to
their size, since in them is the final focusing of the attention of the
spectator.

The larger part of the exterior sculptural decoration of the building
has been concentrated about the central motif of the north fagade — the
great Ionic portico with its flanking bays. In these two bays caryatid
porches rest upon the basement course and aboveare horizontal panels of
low relief. Against the attic of the portico are eight figures of colossal
size, which complete the sculptural decoration here. On the south
facade the caryatid porches are repeated and above the mare horizontal
panels similar to those facing the north. The interior sculpture consists
of four figures surmounting engaged columns at either end of the central
hall. This, then, summarizes the decorative sculpture — the caryatids
and the four relief panels, the eight attic and the four interior figures.

For the sculptural embellishment the architects commissioned one

292. Fietp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vou. V.

sculptor to execute the whole of this decoration — perhaps the second
timeon record that so extensive a task has been entrusted to the hands of
one American sculptor. Henry Hering has utilized the opportunity
presented him to create a group of architectural sculptures which is
unsurpassed in America today. Throughout the work he has kept con-
sciously before him the purposes for which each piece was designed, both
as regards its subject and its placing upon the building, with the result
that he has achieved a superlative consistency in the whole work, at the
same time infusing into each figure the utmost individuality and dis-
tinction.

In the treatment of the caryatid figures there is observable a greater
conventionality and a less definite expression of personality than in any
others of the group. Here an actual structural problem had to be met
and a nice transition from the strong foundation course was desirable.
There are two types of caryatids which are to be duplicated, and while
they are very similar in mass and movement, in detail they are absolutely
individual. The inspiration is frankly Ionian and their dignity is as
unquestionable as is their structural quality.

Above each caryatid porch the horizontal panel in relief represents
one of the four main departments of the Museum — Anthropology,
Zoology, Botany and Geology. The treatment here is very decorative,
and by the use of one flying figure in each panel the same scale as that
adopted in the other figures has been preserved while admitting the
introduction of a definitely horizontal sense into the whole panel, con-
trasting effectively with the repeated verticals of the other figures and of
the surrounding architecture. Interesting color is given by the wings,
the drapery treatment and the floating ribbon which bears the name of
the department symbolized in the figure. The length of the panel has
also allowed of the introduction of vertical bands of exquisite decoration,
each different in detail, though similar in general tone. The iconography
of the four panels is exceptionally pleasing and the choice of symbols for
each has brought into play the originality and discrimination of the
sculptor.

The choice of subject for the attic figures exemplifies the generalization
appropriate to the decoration of such a building. The four central
figures above the columns represent the elements: Fire, Earth, Air and
Water; the four flanking figures typify the four points of the compass:
North, South, East and West. With this choice of subject comes the
necessity of giving to the figures, each so general in its conception,
definite and essential qualities and certain attributes which will differ-
entiate each from the other and at the same time preserve the unity of
the scheme. Of the attributes given to the figures their selection has

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 203

been so apt and their display so nice that no discussion need be entered
into to add to their clarity.

The subtlety of so large a group fairly escapes expression in words.
A broad balance has been obtained for the whole by reversing the poses
of the two end figures and the similarity in the poses of the four centre-
most figures. The light and shade have been studied for their effect in
diffused light, and calculation had to be made for the position sixty-five
feet above the spectator. In the placing of the figures in relation to the
surrounding space, as in fact throughout most of the architecture of the
building, the Greek rhythm of 1:2 has been observed.

While in the sculptor’s treatment of the group there is this rhythm,
this subtle balance and calculation of light and shade, there is withal a
very correct uniformity. The decoration about the heads has a certain
general similarity in its suggestion of a nimbus, but how infinitely varied
in its detail and individual in its application! In all the figures the law of
frontality is strictly observed; a knee may be bent or the head inclined,
but the frontal line remains straight. The dress, although partaking more
of the quality of costume than of drapery, shows in its treatment a
reasoned use of the latter tendency with the Dorian chiton as a point of
departure. The architectonic quality is also observable here in the
insistent verticals of the folds with their suggested evolution from a
columnar form. The details of costume are infinitely varied, and upon
repeated examination the figures reveal great fertility of invention and
richness of detail.

Much of the finest characterization has been reserved for the heads, in
which the varied treatment of the eyes and mouth, the most expressive
parts of the face, epitomizes the calmness or passion, the mysticism or
nobility associated with each generality which the marble strives to
present. The sculpturesque form in which the hair is cast in the figures of
the ‘Four Points of the Compass” is particularly fine, and this interest-
ing conventionality serves to give strength to the neck, a point which may
also be remarked with reference to the caryatid figures.

The four interior figures are placed in the great central hall of the
museum. This immense room, three hundred feet long and lighted from
above, is entered from either end through a large arch. Each of the
arches is flanked by tall engaged columns, with entablature decoratively
used, and upon each stands a symbolic figure. The symbolism of these
figures makes a subjective application of the building’s use and suggests
the various activities whose inspiration will lie within its walls; Natural
Science and the Dissemination of Knowledge flanking one archway,
Record and Research the other.

These figures appear first at a great distance and are placed where

294 Fretp Museum or Naturat History — Reports, Vot. V.

they will be seen under a comparatively steady light from above. Their
position is of no structural importance and their purpose is a purely
decorative one. All of which facts contribute to the difference in treat-
ment from the strictly architectural figures of the attic. The composition
here is more varied and the feeling more personal.

The whole group is characterized by the eminent dignity and restraint
which run throughout all of Mr. Herings’ work — a dignity unfettered
by academic formule nor yet disturbed by a factitious realism. In the
sane mind of the trained sculptor these two extremes of classicism and
realism have been fused into an expressive whole under the spell of his
own individual approach. In this particular problem there was opportu-
nity for a variety of treatment into which has been breathed much of the
spirit of ancient Greece.

There are many who will concur in the opinion that the art of sculp-
ture has reached and always will reach the broadest expression of its
purpose when conceived and carried out with relation to architecture
which it may be designed toenhance. Of the greatest sculpture which has
come down to us from the past, by far the larger part is permeated by
qualities suggested, if not imposed, by the architectural design of which
it formed an essential part. When the art began to be employed upon
works not destined as absolute units in an architectural scheme, it is yet
the presence of definite architectonic qualities which contribute largely
to the high essence of the creation. The presence of such qualities may
not in itself be of predominant importance, but with their removal comes
an immediate tendency toward a less dignified conception, a realism,
natural perchance, and by reason of its very naturalness a thing to be
controlled and disciplined.

The time is not yet ripe when we may judge the relative position of the
architectural sculpture of today, and particularly that of America, where
traditions in art are most conspicuous by their absence, and where such
various traditions as have been carried over into the new world from the
old are being simultaneously followed in the works of various individuals.
American sculpture has sprung from the headsand handsofa fewscattered
individuals almost in its present growth, for what is a century and a
half in the development of an art from the first dawn of its heralding in a
new land? Thelargest opportunity for the development of such American
sculpture must lie in the category of monumental work for public or
semi-public possession.

In such work there must be a greater generalization, since its im-
pression is made upon a myriad different minds and must in each call
forth some answering response, and it is just such an opportunity as this
which is presented in the Field Museum.

JAN., 1919. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 295

In his appreciation of this opportunity, Mr. Hering has created a
distinguished group of sculptures of an inspiration sustained not only in
the broad, general conception of the work, but throughout the infinite
variety of the detail, a group which can only be recognized as one of the
most important contributions to American sculpture.

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XLV

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CARYATID—FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE XLVI

CARYATID—FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

REPORTS, PLATE XLVII

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

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CHICAGO.

ANTHROPOLOGY—LOW RELIEF PANEL FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

REPORTS, PLATE XLVIII

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY—LOW RELIEF PANEL FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, CHICAGO.

ulptor.

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Henry Hering,

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

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ZOOLOGY—LOW RELIEF PANEL FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOR

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LI

FIRE—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

REPORTS, PLATE LII

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

-ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL

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HISTORY, CHICAGO.

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LIII

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AIR—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LIV

WATER—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LV

NORTH—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LVI

SOUTH—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LVII

EAST— ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LVIII

WEST—ATTIC FIGURE FOR FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LIX

SCIENCE—FIGURE IN CENTRAL HALL OF FIELD MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LX

DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE— FIGURE IN CENTRAL
HALL OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LXI

RESEARCH—FIGURE IN CENTRAL HALL OF FIELD
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. REPORTS, PLATE LXIl

RECORD — FIGURE IN CENTRAL HALL OF FIELD MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY, CHICAGO.

Henry Hering, Sculptor.
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