aS DR a a a re gd ERS SOS PROCEEDINGS . OF THE St LINOLS eo STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION, : Ta “Txirp Awnvat Meetina, CITY OF ELGIN, ILLINOIS, DECEMBER 12,13 & 14, 1876, PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF THE ASSOCIATION. ELGIN, ILL. THE ADVOCATE POWER PRINTING AND PUBLISHING HOUSE, ~ ; 14 & 16 River Street. Rae BOSWORTH, No. 41 Chicago Street, SLGIT, e omrom@innasc sc oe to Hawthorne ct: Basives th. Dealer in and Manufacturer of DAIRY GOODS |! BOILERS, ENGINES, _ CHEESE VATS, PRESS SCREWS, CHEESE HOOPS, ETC., ETC. GEN ERAL SUPPLIES FOR. | CHEESE FACTORIES AND DAIRIES, CONSTANTLY ON HAND. | ("Send for Illustrated Circular and Price Lists. Box 18,223 MANUFACTURER OF “PAIRYGoons ais Fa Byvery aor | { | if SS | == Mn ——<——<—<——— || | = i| AND DEALER IN DAIRY SUPPLIES. Engines, Boilers, Steam Vats, Creamery Setters, Dairy Milk Vats, and All the Articles Used in Cheese factories and Creameries. THE ELGIN HEATER CHEESE VAT IMPROVED FOR 1877. WITEL EXOT W°>7 ATER, Riser WTOrR. The cheapest and best arrangement for medium sized factories or farm dairies. Milk cans of all kinds always on hand. SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LISTS. MANUFACTORY AND WAREHOUSE, CORNER RIVER AND NORTH Siner, ! Ss. STORE, Nos. 13 & 15 CHICAGO STREET, ELGIN, ILLINOIS. 4 -. a te A BILL PROHIBITING THE ADULTERATION OF MILK.\ At the meeting of the Northwestern Dairymen’s Association held in Chicago, February, 1877, Hon. 8S. Wilcox, R. P. McGlincy and H. W. Mead were appointed a committee to draft a bill to submit to the législature of Illinois, prohibiting the adulteration of milk. The committee prepared the following, which will undoubtedly become a law : ‘‘ Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented i in the General Assembly : That Section Nine of Division One of Chapter Thirty-Eight of the Criminal Code, Revised Statutes of 1874, be so changed and amended as to read and be as follows, to wit: _SxEc.9. Whoever shall, for the purpose of sale for human food, adulter- ie milk with water or any foreign substance; ' Or, whoever shall knowingly sell for human food milk adulterated with water or any foreign substance ; ' Or, whoever shall euowinely sell for human food milk from which cream » has been taken, without the purchaser thereof being informed, or knowing the fact ; Or, nese shall knowingly sell for human food milk from which what is commonly called “ strippings ” has been withheld, without the purchaser thereof being informed or knowing the fact ; Or, whoever shall knowingly sell for boner food milk fesse from a ‘diseased c»w, knowing her to be so diseased as to render her milk unwhole- some ; Or, whoever shall knowingly sell for human food milk so tainted or corrupted as to be unwholesome ; Or, whoever shall knowingly supply or bring to be manufactured into any substance for human food, to any cheese or butter factory or creamery, without all interested therein knowing or being informed of the fact, milk adulterated with water or any foreign substance, or milk from which cream has been taken, or milk from what is commonly called *‘strippings”’ has been withheld. or milk drawn from a diseased cow, knowing her to be so diseased as to injure her milk, or milk so tainted as to be unwholesome ; Or, whoever shall knowingly, with the intent to defraud, take from milk after it has been delivered to a cheese or butter factory or creamery to be manufactured into any substance for human food, for and on account of the persons supplying the milk, cream, or shall with like intent knowingly add any foreign substance to tbe milk, whereby it or the product thereof shall become unwholesome for human food, Shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each and every such misde- meanor shall be fined not less than $3 nor more than $100, or confined in the county jail not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.”’ \ ay DA Ni \ 6) } } | ’ 2 : . (y~- = ie Goo. les 7 . ws VY Pe PRESIDENT, DR. J. TEFFT, Even, Iu. {r) Se ai VICE-PRESIDENTS. Ww Pror. FRANK H. HALL, Sugar Grove, Illinois. cts Dr. J. WOODWARD, Marengo, Illinois. | C. C. BUELL, Rock Falls, Illinois. S SECRETARY, Jo M. A. ‘THOMPSON, Euain, IL. aie TREASURER, a H. W. MEAD, HExBRON, ILL. \ COUNTY TRUSTEES. ~) J. RK. MCLEAN, \ DANL. DUNHAM, KANE Co. R. P. MCGuINcY, Du PAGE Co. ~ TRA ALBRO, a E. G. KetcHum. (PereR PRATT. Li ( Hon. Jonn WENTWORTH, ( E. H. SEWARD, _, Cook Co. ~ DR. KENNICOTT, MCHENRY Co. Dr. J. WOODWARD, Ae (A. H. DALTON. lo. McD. RICHARDS. LA \ JUDGE L. W. LAWRENCE, | JOHN SMALLWOOD, BOONE Co. ~ B. CORNWELL, STEPHENSON Co.~ S. F. HENDERSON, w T. EK. MUNN, | Joun SWENZA. = ( DAvip BRuMBaAeK, (THOS. MrLsom, Flora. “EROQUOIS Co. <~W. HE. KIMBLOE, CLAY Co. - B. B. INGRAHAM, Flora. ns } W. H. MANN. emmy ~ (Gen. L. B. PARSON, Flora. JAS. HOWLAND, WHITESIDE Co. ~« ROBT. GALT, JOSHUA ANTHONY. ( A. G. MILLER, Oneida. ~§. C. Woon, Galesburg. C. J. FERRIS, Galesburg. . fi Hon. WM. PATTEN, DE KALB Co. ] DEXTER SEVERY, A. LOVELL. | ISRAEL Boks, Byron. OGLE Co. ~ JEREMIAH DAVIS, June’n. KNOx Co. ) M. BAKER, Junction. — The fourth and next annual meeting of the Association will be held at the city of Elgin, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, December 11, 12 and 18, 1877, MEMBERS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. Greg das ee lol 3 Dua | AU tee ae tS Renee Gray Waller, AN GAINS DD AC oie ocr otcns Dallas ctllete it peso, aalioleitas Bees tae eats aloe ee ee ae Dundee, THlinois. Adams, GUY soe el atee ae tere os. bens Cia Ge otaohmlaae Tene Tee ern ee gin, AVDTOg VV Oe bossa Co Site eee es <2) VERRAN cc etae ai tee ee Wayne, 7 Baltz3 (Cu as ona aca Saya dpe = Sarees eae een Chicago, iy Barclay. Bx. sicceoe sh lbeve doled wh 0/636 aeveeba, bors Sie eee Elgin, a Bar arde On Ave eee ebco alanine load ae ante eee Lisle, es Bartholomew, 1S. 16.0 se jaceeccuiss. « o-alc oben o's al Sera) ee ee Marengo, x TBAT UIC GG Case across eyo = Gucie aap bee eet Pe ey Aa Bartlett, ne PSVOV IVA. 3 a, Beagrie eedp ave ersnve hao: acevo atsne aya SY eer ate oie eee eee Elgin, se Bishop, THOMAS. cies wd duniids wtidebd 42) Ae. eee re fe IBOTES STSTaAe Sexe ikiek.)e ehh sieeeo Mievesaapaiaee wae eee ee ee Marengo, as PROTOS, Wineries ie er ale aukeie cua lavas 0 a.oun) tence ale oy cata ee eee ie a Bos worbhs: We Siiews sce es ee eal ae BOs ook a Elgin, ey BOS worthe: WiC seeiccs tele bie vegpare.cs GS Mee sited aie eae ee . a BLOWN GeO: Vas fas wee eee oaks ome aN tai aoe Be Brown, Tod: ae a2 ctqange vp yore'a' aie 0 Stee SORE RR ESE . Lake County, yy SEO WATITUG:, Dist ede.) oie eicaeee fe» m0 wie fo eles farina wo veriar ele lies ie eee Elgin, “s y ebrum backs Davis oiisee cS dpe eiae ep keld yRIR Gln) Osteen te ete Gilman, EB a Yaya, EW icishe aaa acne sine fein wise nels ea sieise Be eee eRe Princeton ie WWE CG, (Co. ae wuss oie Gah oe Ca bas Set ee ete ee See Rock Falls, - Due AarbMer VBLOSs cj. tec. 5a. nb on doe este oe aaa sient Frankfort, ie emis, Eu. Gans. waeib ie Sasa. eecueb ia aie Uae ae Sees cee Oe Elgin, a HS IEECTEG, PObED i212, ans ica si oye woe Rae Rea ie ee ee eee re ne Burton, WY Ye AURIS ols oid a Seibss ebteibigs Sie Shelia emt epee Genoa, ai Carpenter, ROME IAL. «artes secon pis eee tie ce eee ale ene eee ee tee ee Elgin, Chapman, 5. od. vies. Roms Seka eo cae Os Oe cus aol: cree een ee Oneida, he Chapman. UW 21 cei bi aersie:s ‘ageiha a wasiepme c's ec pnt: Meena a Elgin, _ @lnneieincink sls Pusjanty. ays € xi trovcial ove. cwtese lave fevetelniers, ae MSO neN Pret Peotone, gs Claus Ae ben ir nee wnerItEe ere ner LS Elgin, * CUES GeCracihc 2k .Os.'s akbebrelaventeiere Sse v0 ws ab 08's Sia AEE eee iy ti ChunchoMiy Whe. ese... 6: theo 8s doc ihe oh ally Oe Barrington, . CA Reep Os eels sais ole ae) s a a4 oe 6 lovee 0 51 6m 6 BURL MRRRETG aa on “ GOMER SHO a Bigs SOU sala nre dw Gale wie, ock:lo!dsnre ORO Gray Willow, ee OF gC esi iS WAN PE PE ON IAL 8 osc 2 Elgin, bs Conmmwelt say eine ee LM So. oop ceo we ene Boone County, ig COR TB RE EEN EGRET, POLIS ORF OF 5 CD LaY cetacean Blea ss Dav Tasos Oc ioe choos eae nw: Lies oe CE ep erect eS Elgin, a ADCO KG ged Ke) gy ery htewchauats, ec ee penery Meneerate saccade ie 0 eR ce Harmony, os BELGE, “Nicer conte dos eats ia scene © Susie wae ol 2c pede eek ra ch eae ane Gilman, fe aIMOTNOEE,. Wi eee oe cee Aone oe a2 ie os ae au rege tat et nee Sa Freeport, x Fairrington, Ce Wo SDE e BU ates cat hie oe ree Rockford, he ETS Cy P05 SUSE COU ES ian Von Oe ae Galesburg, mE Fisher, DEA si Lialahar gh iced mean ic aah PR ee Boe Carpenterville, ey MONO ED. Weis asia 2,5 5 9 aero acerca agente dare eke eines aan ok Geneva, ‘ PASO s Oe EL De ce hacia ob 0 ote Oe ables ieee OR ee Mere ale Be ee ete Udina, 5 Gammhard .: Ris Gousc. hots ceeeeee te en an Siok ee ee Ogle County, ba Gillett, BOW. csc ee ee ee »,.. Aurora, sid Gillilan, POM ts icv ees. bi clabek hes AO pL One een tae Algo fe COTO SW. oo Sao eles oo 9 gxinlerguiwle’ pas aueetn Gistereue (oRlne: eee oem Elgin, 3 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 5 TE TIL, NTEaNa11:< 18 (rd an aan a oon ee Sugar Grove, Illinois. Hammond, IDs SS Saat Aa geek EO sc) (ea ae Rv Pe ee ETA Elgin, ee Hammond, TEE AAIUG + URIBE UE Race 0) 2 20/300 2 rR oR Belvidere, ce Handy, Saml 5 Siig CR PRM oe ih la ey ne Downer’s Grove, $3 SPRAINS ANON PUN cP ec cresl Me lids; esaveh'ein eras evsupiara is avncble Little Rock, He Melermrab la Og CRN GOO. cynic eye pec ai dein cw yes elses cece ewe .... Elgin, i PME Nee MMMM ACE ina Lin a ete ee Sele oa bed a wena Oho "5 ay SERENA PMN VMTN ee oe Seen arc se src aa als gs saa yee is lotete Pianos: JEL SESS MTEL ANIA oe ree ane Oven a anna Ss age on Ain ee AO Campton, * Shaws, IDS INS. BR GS eS APSE NG ae ae a Rockford, a Huntley, JTRS SOUS ou ob uke Slates Gre Wael ely alle gee Huntley, ‘ JOEDSTM, Oe a Ss 25 Nhe Si ck een Elgin, sf Keating, LOI Se es BE eC ae OLS ee ee é ee Cee MUD eRe er a wae cig ee Dundee, 5 li OSes SIG Se Re Barrington, 2 RGIS STRONG Merete) gy hee els ia ana Gack bs, GS ai slew don ws Dundee, is TRUIO GIR CINE oe een Clintonville, ee IDAIE SS (Gian CAE Ge A eat ra Gray Wor 4 Ibmniistinig (Os TSS 3 SA ieee ire Sieh seta ic iere bt a ner ae a Se SE TE eva aus las eb ube uty Salt ee T LOE, Gta FE on Wh ae Gero er a nara eae a Elgin, c eee a edhe Sea & ala) Uecalevenesyout Sycamore, ay ERICA MC RNNNIAN (el. eels Sls, Wig sella geht Sacdln ee wd Oe args Elgin, ‘“ Medd), He Wee oe Sy rR nalts ac hee a eee Pa oe Hebron, e RANTS Oyen NO Se ie eats ya's oon. 4) 2s, ovaresec shay finsapbae.ey e's, ssestcelace, a4 Sioa yes l lora, te is GUE TENN SD EYL S SLAM a a ee a Algonquin, gt IOWA, LESS Sve Se Sa ee a en Chicago, 4 JMCOTSTRO We TEER HD, 8) 0 een eae ee ee Oe Champaran or Dy MUMMIES at aicle a) se Oleg, Mech G hole ew aes bx lane (se wtlaees Belvidere, ANITA O Sa eset a) Ali. MARI 2 LE Ee ed oe Uke CSCC OOS 0. ane ee ees EA eet AN IE cen onan a tg Hampshire, ie ee ae Palmer..... Se Mie EG, en praia Aol et oem oe aaa Rockford, a IL CHT) Od OR arenes ener ea ana a Remi arate te ne AY een et eC Elgin, y McLean, To Tai Gee aR ae Swed ial tates nian . ig ANE CeO OMI Aaa neo ect) the Wels lal anc’ ail < aies lete sien uveern' Ving me Maramour, ode BER RAN SL 3 eden ae A io past Lisle, oe JS COIN GIT 2 ESA a er ag Ga ro ied De aE, riper nl ae TA Elgin, a SO Means lem Oc: 2 esse cl hi ie'y ee Riad him edits sain alioie lea « cearekaions Genoa, 9 SOD, AVE Bes SO et Ue ae St. Charles, ae Hoge TMOU Oeil Dls eye at ane ore tN wal 2 she auatetee nc a aie b Ge Sa eas Millington, ne TED TILS NAY IUD a: UPR Mia ogre Pcl ka ic Meare nL a O C Sandwich, sf amvon, WM... 2... 4.2 rc aie 8 Sie RENE CBI CUNRE eRe ae Clintonville, ai MMTeONO OTAGO MAS iis Sia ls has tel weet Slee Bead) 016 Se = ss Gray Willow, pe JE NINELMESTIEG 3" TE) aan an eck ea IR ea AE Chicago, rr TES TIGIBIE WEG IS oT URI [3 BeBe isn a ARP Ea an Woodstock, me PHO SEUSH MOM Meese sae we eeee me lalils TNR IE ototy sia! oo naaaaele Burlin ton, mS TO, JAE NW as eres aunt ey cc Sun ld a eg ea ra igin, Resell RING ee Oe BS oe Scofield, 1D as Desa elnesiial es ths tae AN Sab) a eam ann cannes ei - Severy. Be ON ME Sie a's coy « ROME tora Leland, ‘“ Seward, BE. H....... oli, DENSI ROULEL Ae Lie aRmMEmENR | 2c LKR AN Marengo, ‘“ Shedden, DANSORG IESE Ere atten «NOR AIRF oh i on fp ERP Aa Udina, .F Shelden, Pare meee ta Ri So NM i ee Union, re Sherman, SIC Aen ee ic, See eae en OPI Se aR 2/0 Kigin, ** Shepperd, ER) Treanor eine Ay ards Ae aa, ea ROR ect FAM, ee ee SECS Misi ce.c oes oe TENT athss apadic aici AAR aap RN Nt ace ae oe Smallwood, ROUT Me Ciaran eeejalal apie vale sibicas alt Sateen Tal Freeport, ns stevens, C. V.......: TASC HES PRUNE eC 8 sy of AA Somonauk, oe Stewart, Wm. H.. Sb aie tape e ae) ee aT ta ar as eee UR Woodstock, + Stoll, ON eu cs (ie (ai tn et IMM lc Frankfort, ‘a 6 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIA'TION. AS T1 0) a1(vo7 A ROR 1 BT aeerea mi oe ei aloha ak ce MUR ae! 8 NA MV MNS fo Elgin, Illinois. Wen MELO MEN A yc Seg). Le cs aces ahem re Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Switzer, M.......... BE rie nty Nairn) rash emer oNicugre ahs iN St. Charles, Illinois. MATOWVE LH ase LEG A Lis ORR Mae en Soci ai apa etal ona Elgin, a, Mettt, Bi wAy soa Fis Fal tase ane Mel wens da, foe oe oa Nena eee Clintonville, ‘ Rett: SOSEDN 62. Luis 6s eee oo, Wie aoe ate le, nee ee Elgin, ss Merit, aor’. b OV uE ae eR soy 6. stan aloge aie ot susie oie Gen aie aa a a a aT aeapson DN oI ar ea at 3 aids Mami plait) ink «gas SUSE HEN Stee a nF % Thompson, M. FEU FB cbaitaas 4 pel tte wear) oto lnk aibataN «ean enone Se a ABhompSOme Ub. eer Oe Coed Soe a a dee dele oe mek ae Cea Fe Todd, A. W.. NLS SG lien nine te) cele aise team Ree eR eee .Flora, Ac Tutttle, OMGIOE Ge ee ea 5 eae "Sandwich, a Waldron, Wee Ts sce sata epee ene ne cits oaks eon aie ct Suhel Elgin, s Wanzer, HERE Coteau G08 Sake ks A maar Jue Biaue Vahele aa een ie SING Veo es ee Omnens nil Nak; its cay hele iy ARRAN RE Att SEAS BG St. Charles, ee Ward, SE LA eeta tS Cy. See meRL aT eae Lue oA Any S Lemont, “f Washburn, SRCLUS EAD RAR nC Mia Lanse iie s/he prec eit gait donee ere ce eee S. La Fox, “ Waterman, GE eed ei GN ene. Wills ee res Vi ee Barrington, i NVAiGelds sGeiNies tute le cei. fi). tne Nn eee Elgin, ie WLC OKs SAS Maree ach cote seh cece te seca neit eee me Rien eee ue Re VTS OIA. 5: blog nprczare witc eres ects e tela ts ek cm, wee en cae ae eet Rn aU eF ey VV ets Ong TSE Cae, CON he ee casei ion ne toeys, oie aoe ce eee Ee Flora, i heros Pap O01) Py. aiaeaweee mrreg wea eo MeneR Me Mirmeerey Ae ca a i Huntley, me Wood, Jackson.. akis Wivotecae cad’ Ma: ass ersls cap tegensuak Mee eee eke vt WW LAT CNN fses bn tescctees ta Me Repeat yo cbse «ede hte ERR na ae Elgin, af VNR US IRIN DPR Rte cas: tx osca eer rote wat oto oa aie apt eaCaRPO meta Clintonville. * W rich, \OSnOSUes, vals nan cme eke iee Se Lk ete ak meee mies La Salle County, se Wilder, ©. THe. on feta oa ns «econ oie) on ele ain eine wtere's sstoes «ed WEIS VLE aes te eee HONORARY MEMBERS. W. W. Corbett, Prairie Farmer. T. H. Glenn, Western Rural. R. P. MeGliney, EHlgin Advocate. C. 8S. Kilbourne, Cor. Chicago Times, CONSTITUTION. SECTION 1. This Association shall be known as the Illinois State Dairy- men’s Association. Src. 2. The officers of this Association shall consist of a President, one Vice-President from every county in the State represented in the dairy interest, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Sec. 3. The officers of this Association shall be elected by acclamation at the annual meeting, to be held on the second Thursday in December in each year. having been previously nominated by a committee appointed for that purpose. Sec. 4. The place and time of meeting shall be designated at each previous meeting. SEc. 5. The objects of this Association shall be the encouragement of the dairy interests of our State, with mutual improvement as relates to dairy interests in manufacturing and marketing the product of our dairies. SEC. 6. Persons may become members of this Association by the pay- ment of an annual fee of $1.00. Sec. 7. The officers of this Association shall constitute an Executive Board for the transaction of business. Src. 8. The Constitution of this Association may be altered at any regular meeting of the Association, on giving notice at the previous meeting of such intention. December 15, 1876.—The following amendment was added to the Consti- tution: ‘* That Sec. 2 be so amended as to read: The officers of this Association shall consist of a President and three Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and Treasurer. There shall also be elected, or appointed, three trustees in each county of this State represented, or that may hereafter be represented in the convention, who shall be charged with the interests of the Association in their respective counties, and whose further duty it shall be to report to the officers of the Association annually, or oftener, if required, the statistics of the dairy interests 1n their respective counties. ‘“Sxrc. 3. The officers of this Association shall be elected by ballot, no member being entitled to a vote who has not paid his initiation fee for the year. ‘Src. 9. The Association shall have full power to make such Rules and By-Laws as shall be deemed advisable.”’ PROGRAMME OF THE THIRD ANNUAL MEETING. The Executive Committee of the Illinois State Dairymen’s Association arranged the following programme for the Third Annual meeting of the Association: 1. Address of Welcome, - - - - - - By the PRESIDENT. 2. The supply and demand of dairy products, and their future markets. Hon. 8. W1ILcox, Elgin; C. H. WILDER, Wis.; H. W. MEAD, HEBRON. 3. The best plan to avoid the low prices which usually prevail for butter and cheese during the summer months. R. R. STONE, Elgin; R. W. StewArRtT, Hebron. 4, Manure. How to care for and apply it. JOHN KEATING, Elgin; C. H. LARKIN, Elgin. 5. The best method of improving and supplying the dairy; different breeds, and their adaptation to our climate. D. SEVERY, Leland; Hon. WM. PATTEN, Sandwich; GEO. E. BRown, Elgin. 6. The manufacture of skimmed cheese. Is it injurious or beneficial to the dairy interests. Hon. 8S. WiLcox, Elgin; D. E. Woop, Huntley; A. H. BARBER, Chicago. 5. Marketing dairy products. J. R. MCLEAN, Elgin; WM. H. STEWART, Woodstock. 8. The best and cheapest feed to keep up the supply of milk during the summer drought. 9 S. W. KINGSLEY, Barrington; THOS. BISHOP, Elgin. 9. Grasses. The best varieties for hay and pasture, as adapted to our climate and soils W.J. BURDICK, White Water, Wis.; C. C. BUELL, Rock Falls; S. W1iLcox, Elgin. 10. How shall we improve the dairy interest in Illinois? ISRAEL BOIES, Byron; C. C. BUELL, Rock Falls; G. P. LORD, Elgin; R. R. STon#, Elgin. 11. What are the esseniial requirements of a good dairy farm? R. W. STEWART, Hebron; C. C. BUELL, Rock Falls; M. H. THOMPSON, Elgin. 12. What is the best and most economical mode of handling milk to make butter from small dairies, from five to twenty-five cows? C. GILBERT, Marengo; S. K. BARTHOLOMEW, Marengo; Hon. 8S. WILCOX, Elgin. 13. To what extent may soiling be profitably substituted for pasturage? D. C. SCOFIELD, Elgin; W. D. HENNING, Plano. 14. Can summer butter be so handled and packed that it will retain its freshness and sweetness for winter use? N. ELDRED, Gilman; C. C. BUELL, Rock Falls; L. BOIES, Marengo. 15. Can the dairymen of Illinois profitably raise calves to supply the dairy ? I. H. WANZER, Elgin; WM. BOIES, Byron; E. H. SEWARD, Marengo. 16. Resolved, That the display of dairy products at the American Centennial has been of great benefit to the dairy interest at large. ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. THIRD ANNUAL MEETING At EveGin, DECEMBER I2TH, 13TH AND I4TH, 1876, The third annual convention of this Association was held at Elgin, Ill., commencing December 12, and closing on the 14th. It was by far the most important convention yet held by this Association. Many new members were in attendance, some ten or twelve counties in the State being represented, extending from the State line on the north to Clay county on the south. Many able papers were read before the conven- tion. Many of the figures given in those papers which we believe to be strictly. correct, are really enormous, and only show the rapid growth of this great agricultural industry. The convention was called to order at 1:30 p.m. on Tuesday, by Dr. J. TEFFT, president of the Association, who delivered the following address, which was well received by the Asso- ciation. : : DR. TEFFT’S ADDRESS. FELLOW CITIZENS, DAIRYMEN OF ILLINOIS:—A few years ago the Illinois State Dairymen’s Association was inaugurated, the object of which was for social intercourse, enjoyment and mutual improvement of its mem- bers. For the furthering of this purpose we meet here to day, and before proceeding to further business you will please allow me, as a dairyman of Illinois and a citizen of this city, to extend to you, one and all, a hearty wel- 2 10 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. come to this hall, to this city of ours, and to the homes and hearts of all well- wishers of this great, though as yet infantile, dairy interest in this thriving State of ours. We would say again, we most cordially welcome you here amongst us, hoping and trusting as we do, that you may profit and we improve by your sojourn with us during the deliberations of this Association. The age in which we are permitted to inhabit this terrestrial globe of ours is replete with important events, and we are making rapid strides in progress and improvement. If you wish evidence of this, turn your mind’s eye back fifty or one hundred years and compare the dairy interests then with now. We need not confine ourselves to the dairy interests alone to note progress. Look, if you please, at our railways, which almost annihilate time and dis- tance as compared with former modes of travel. Take a glance at our tele- graph system, which is able to transmit thought thousands of miles across oceans ahead of time. Look, if you please, at our monitors, which vut to trembling the navies of the entire civilized world. And last, though not by any means least, behold the great Centennial exposition, which closed its session only a few days ago. Here were found the representatives, together with their products, from all, or nearly all, civilized nations of the globe. : The coming together, the mingling and commingling and change of thought with thought will, we hope and trust, serve to elevate the morals of nations, and bring about a rightful mode of settling differences other than by that barbarous custom of war, and thereby allow our monitors to be made into plowshares, and the other implements of war into milk pails, cheese-vats and cheese-presses. Less than half a century ago the red man was wont to roam over these prairies with tomahawk and scalping-knife, bedewed with the crimson gore of the newly slain victim who had chanced to struggle this way, attracted or allured by a beautiful faced country, or by a salubrious climate with a rich and fertile soil, to seek a western home, although deprived by so doing of many of the necessary and social comforts of life. It was here, in the valley of the great Father of Waters, that the western bound traveler sat himself down on a soil of virgin purity, glowing with vegetation in all its pristine beauty. Here it was that the young stalwart farmer, together with the elderly gray-headed man, commenced opening up the soil; and although scarce fifty years have elapsed, yet we are favorably known for the amount of cereals, pork, beef, butter and cheese we have raised or manufactured and put upon the various markets of the worid. Behold us then in our infaney with a large surplus product for sale in foreign markets, and tell us, if you please, what will become of our products when we grow to adult age ? The question is frequently asked, of what use are these dairy conventions ? In answer to that question allow me to say that in my judgment, to many they are of but little use; but to the inquiring, thinking mind, they are of much benefit. Subjects are here brought up of vast interest to the dairyman and agriculturist, and widely discussed. The great moving power of the human machine is thought, and whatever ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 11 stimulates us to rightful thought is of vast interest to us, no matter whether in this convention or elsewhere. Mankind, as a general thing, are prone to pass over many important subjects with far too little thought. It is much easier to tramp on in the old beaten pathway of our forefathers than to turn aside to look for a better or more improved one. Progress and improvement are the direct results of mature thought right- fully applied. The man who thinks, and keeps his thoughts hidden in the recesses of his own cranium, is of but little use as a thinker to his fellow- men generally. Mankind usually express their thoughts orally or by writing the same, and as most farmers and dairymen have not the time to spend in writing and publishing books, but can spend a day or two in convention and orally give to the public or to all who may choose to come and hear, their experience, acquired by long and careful observation of facts which have ot Nested under their own management of the farm and dairy. We are led to believe that there are many improvements in the dairy and in the management of the same since Abel, the second son of Adam, made his offering to God of milk and the first fruits of his flock, which was made in the year of the world 129, or 5251 years ago. It appears by record that God was delighted with the oblation, and we have no reason to doubt but his blessing still rests upon all honest dairymen even to this day. On motion, the amendments made to the constitution last year were now taken up and confirmed by the Association, and a committee to prepare and. report a set of by-laws, was appointed, consisting of I. H. Wanzerr, Elgin; Hon. W. PatTTEN, Sandwich; and C. J. Ferris, Galesburg. Question No. 1 of the programme, “The Supply and Demand of Dairy Products and their Future Markets,” was then taken up, and the discussion opened by Hon. 8. Wiicox, of Elgin, who said it was a difficult question to discuss—it was very difficult to asvertain the exact amount manufactured or consumed, neither could he tell the amount annually exported. He believed the demand depended a great deal, if not wholly, upon the quality. A few years ago cheese was a luxury; now it is a necessity; we must all have it, and we do not argue the price if it is only good—a good article will be used more freely than a poor one. Thereis a vast amount of poor cheese made in the northwest—no real good cheese can be found in the market, which is a lamentable fact; in the early days we had only rude and primitive apparatus, 12 ' ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. but made good cheese; now its glory has departed. The quality in a great measure decides the quantity. Wisconsin made a better article of cheese than Illinois; they do not skim as much; it commands a readier sale and brings them more money; this skimming to death diminishes the demand. Skimming the milk for butter and then working the dlue remains into stuff called cheese was a fraud, and was most certainly ruining the standard of our product. He knew the factorymen claimed there was a demand for it—that they could sell it, and could get more money out of the milk—but it was only for a short time; the re-action would certainly be serious as far as supply and demand were concerned; the supply should certainly be of a better quality. The price of butter is high enough, but the cheese is too high for the miserable stuff. The great difficulty arose from the mode in which most of the factories are run. The factory is furnished its milk by the farmer, and works it up on commission. The factoryman has but little interest in the quality or price of his goods as long as his commission is a fixed amount, and can not be affected by what his product brings. His only interest is to produce as much as he can, as his pay is by the pound. The milk should be bought at all factories; they should then take care to produce a good article—they would be compelled too, to find sale for their goods; they could then sell at will, or hold to suit the market. As it now is, the dairymen furnish the most of the capital to run the concern, and have but little to say about it. Milk should never be worked up on commission. We do not now produce one quarter of what our land is capable of producing. If we produce more with the same investment we can afford to pro- duce cheaper and make a profit. We must have a change, or many dairymen who are depending upon outside factories for a sale of their milk must go out of the business, as it certainly will not pay. No factory should make anything but a first-class product. Who would ship this miserable stuff? We might as well throw it into Boston Harbor. Our great market is our home market. We must take care of ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 18 that—make an article so good that a consumer will make a second purchase. Three-fourths of our whole country is not capable of pro- ducing their dairy products; we being more favored with those essentials of a dairy region, must supply them, and we must be careful not to let this great industry be taken from us by some other locality, whose people will profit by our mistakes. The fact is we can not find in the home grocery a single good cheese unless it is imported. We refuse to use it; itis a mockery; when new, it is fair, but when cut—that is the last of it. The future of the business he considered flattering, as there would always be a good demand fora good article. J. R. McLeEan felt aroused at the broad denunciation of skummed cheese by Judge Wilcox ; he said on the Klgin Board of Trade there certainly was a great demand for this kind of cheese. Reform, he said, was the watchword, and people had now become so reformed they really liked skimmed cheese, and were willing to pay for it. It was a fact that full cream cheese would not sell as readily as skimmed; there was only one cent per pound difference in price, and often not that in quality. The fact is the people have been so reformed they will not eat full cream cheese any longer. Dealers would not buy full cream cheese—could not keep and could not sell it; the fact is, it is hard to sell a genuine article of food. Split bean coffee, spurious tea and sanded sugars meet with ready sale; could not see how we could get along without the skimmed cheese. Dr. R. R. Stone said he thought the two gentlemen who had preceded him were extremists; he thought there was a happy medium which could be adopted and not follow either of these extremes. Had been twelve years in the cheese business. In early times he made cheese the same as he made hay or pork, and sold once a year; it was then old and tough and strong enough to do house work; but our people were used to it, and so they liked it. But as fashion changes, so does the table. The demand was now for a mild cheese, 14 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. which meant skimmed; you cannot keep full cream cheese— it becomes stringy and sharp. We receive orders for mild cheeses—we ship skimmed. ‘They fill the bill and we receive our pay, and that is the end of it; but should we ship fall cream cheese, the end would not be yet. The trouble isa large amount of cheese is made in the season when there is no demand for it; ¢. e., when fresh fruits are abundant. At. seriously affected the consumption of cheese. If none was made in winter, when it was wanted, a good price could be obtained. Skimmed cheese, in the long run, is a damage to the business; 1f you are compeiled to hold it a month or two it is not fit to eat. Itis also difficult to have a dairy in flush milk just when you want them, but if it could be so arranged as to make the milk in winter it would seem best. Did not agree with Judge Wilcox that all factorymen should buy the milk at the beginning of the whole season, for the reason that milk and its products were as liable to fluctuate in price as any other commodity, and it would seem only fair and just that the dairymen should bear a portion of the burden. The same practice is pursued inthe Northwest as that in New York and the Eastern States. There is no guess work about it; each patron knows just what the dividend is. All have an interest, but none greater than the factoryman; his repu- tation is at stake, and often times his all in property. The commission is best, and comes the nearest to exact justice. The factorymen must guarantee the product; patrons must . be made whole and pay for no blunders. The quality should always be good. We are now improving much faster in the line of butter making than cheese making, and this is the natural consequence; cheese must be made by outside factories while those with better facilities must make the butter. Our superior advantages for butter making were fully established by the Centennial exhibit of dairy products, when the West received eleven out of the fifteen prizes awarded. The West was fast surpassing the Kastindairying. Every thing seems to be in our favor. As a whole our land was better and far cheaper, and the freights are in our favor, as ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 45 it costs only one half cent per pound more to put butter into the New’ York market from Elgin than from Central New York. With cheap lands, cheap feed, and abundance of good water, it would seem that the future prospects of our dairy interest were’ good. Fresh creamery butter would at all times com- mand a good price, while old would always be a drug at low prices. All goods should be sold when ready for market. Hon. Wm. PatrrEn, Sandwich, said a great deal depended on taste, as to price; he sent some finely made colored butter to Chicago market, and received thirty-three cents for it; by request he sent some uncolored equally good, and received only twenty-three cents per pound. Heconcluded thatif one sixth per cent. used in coloring added nine cents to his profits they might have the coloring. ‘**The best plan to avoid the low prices which usually pre- vail for butter and cheese during the summer months,” was opened by Dr. Stone, who said the essential points of this question were embodied in the first. It was an important question, and if anyone could help us out of this dilemma he would confer a great blessing upon the dairymen. When milk sells for fifty cents per hundred pounds in July, anda dollar anda halt in January, something is wrong. If it were not for that reformed taste, we could hold the summer product for winter prices; but as it now is, let the dealer hold summer products for six months, and he will continue to hold them the rest of his lifetime. » Taste is the thing at last. People’ will not eat old cheese or butter. The only way out is to make more milk in winter, when everybody wants it. Would make most when demand is greatest. In Juneand July milk is always low, in January it is always high; and the butter wanted is not to be had—. ¢., good butter. Poorly fed cows in winter make poor butter. Ifa winter article is made, cows must be well cared for and well grained, or the ene will be as poor as July. Mr. Patten would! like the PSUR of some practical winter dairymar. K. G@. Ketcuum was called for, who said he had never kept 16 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. exact figures as to the net profits of a winter dairy, but was in favor of winter dairying. E. H. S—kwarp had kept a winter dairy. Thought it more profitable than a summer dairy. Milk is richer in winter, with better yield and better product. Much less cheese is used in warm weather while fruit is being used. We are certainly making a poor article of cheese when we skim grass milk. | It costs more to make milk in winter than in summer, and we get more for it and have more time to take care of it. Feed always pays. He believed it cost one-sixth more to make milk in winter than in summer. Hay must be cut for winter, while in summer the cow cuts her own hay. The manure made by a winter dairy was very valuable, while that made by a summer dairy was in a great measure lost. Prof. Hau, of Sugar Grove, said he considered it a fact that we never throw away feed if the cow is a good animal. It takes a certain amount of feed to run the machine, and all feed beyond that amount gave areturn. If the animal was worth feeding, it would seem that the winter season would yield the best profit. If butter is higher in winter, then make winter butter. He believed the same feed in winter would pay better than in summer, provided the animal was a good one and well kept. Dr. R. R. STONE thought we were destroying the cheese market. Would rather have a skimmed cheese in December than a full cream in August; it would actually be a better cheese. The fact is, in winter no really good cheese are to be found. He feared the consumption would be materially less- ened. T. S. Hunritey thought cows could be wintered cheaper than summered. It took so much land, and winter labor was much cheaper. J.R. McLean wanted to have some figures from a practical winter dairyman. , JoHN KEATING thought that neither winter nor summer was * ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 17 most profitable, but a combined summer and winter was best and most natural. Had soid to the condensing company for seven years. Thought summer milk had paid him the best. No two farms would yield alike. Some had more pasture than others. - He fed in summer during drovght. If he fed grain summer and winter it would be hard to decide as to summer and winter profit. It was a question of climate, drought, and many other local causes. J. R. McLean thought to avoid low prices we must sell our product just as soon as the market will receive it. If held it closes the market. Must sell as soon as made. D. C. Snow, McLean county, came to learn, but not to talk: put thought every one having real, practical experience, should be willing to give it. He thought to make milk during the whole year the best plan would be to have his cows come in in December. Fed meal during the whole year, often as high as a peck per cow a day. It always paid to feed good milch COWS. ; Judge WiLcox said practically to have a dairy come in just as you desired had proved a failure. No one could cal. culate with any degree of certainty as long as so many calves are lost Wefan not buy good cows to keep up our milk in winter. To fill the place of every cow sold to a butcher occa- sioned a loss of fifteen dollars, at least. It was all well in theory, but not in practice. Had lost twenty to thirty calves in one dairy of forty to fifty cows. Could make no plans with any certainty. J. SMALLWOOD, Freeport, wanted to learn. He wanted to know the exact cost of making milk in winter as compared with summer. He thought the winter dairy much the best. Would have two-thirds of his cows come in in September, and remainder in winter. Needed the sour milk in winter to feed pigs, as well as in summer; but the exact difference between the two seasons was what he wanted to know. ‘*Manure, How to Care For and Howto Apply it,” was taken up, and John Keating, of Elgin, delivered the following interesting address on the subject. 3 18 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. JOHN KEATING’S ADDRESS. The subject of the present paper is one of the most important, perhaps the most important connected with the science and practice of agriculture. So important is it, indeed, that all experience has shown that on it, more than on any other one thing, hinges the failure or success of the agriculturist. The man who makes a large quantity of rich manure, and applies it properly, can not and will not fail of being successful. Per contra, the man who is careless on this point, who feeds his cattle poor and insufficient food, who allows his manure to be swept away by the winter’s winds, and dried up by the summer’s sun, though he may rise early and labor assiduously, is destined to failure and disappointment. Time was, and that but recently, when this subject received very little serious consideration from the majority of the farmers of [llinois. The doctrine was then taught that the fertility of our prairies was inexhaustible, and that although in the East manure was indispensable to a crop, that in the West the happy farmer was freed from this laborious and expensive necessity. That time is past, and past forever. The fertility of our State is yet unimpaired. She yet bears crops of grass and grain which may chal- lenge competition with those of any other State; and the secret of this continued fertility is, that the farmers of this State are fully awakened to the necessity of caring for their manures and properly applying them to their lands. It is impossible, in a limited article of this nature, to more than glance at the most important parts of this vast subject. How vast it is, and how much may be written on it without exhausting the subject, few realize. However, I shall not attempt to dwell on the subject in the minute and scientific manner with which Eastern agriculturists are familiar. I shall say nothing of mineral manures, or of artificial mahures, of green manuring or of sewage manuring. I shall avoid all mention of super-phos- phates and nitrates, of chlorides and sulphates, and shall confine myself to that of which I know something by actual experience; to that which I am convinced is the most important to [linois farmers, the production, care and application of barnyard manure. In the production of barnyard manure it should be the aim of every farmer to produce as muchas possible. We wanta quantity of fertilizing substances to cover our broad acres, and to make any recompense to our lands, for the abundant crops they bear us. This is one of the great difficulties with which we have to contend. Our farms are so large, and generally so insufficiently stocked, that it is impossible for most of us to produce annually anything like the quantity of manure that we so earnestly desire to use. The first thing, therefore, that we should do, is to stock our farms as heavily as the land will support, or as we can afford to buy, even if we were obliged to buy some extra grain to winter them. Having done this, we should remember that it is not alone in bulk that the value of manure consists. We should remember that quality is even more important than quantity. In order to get rich manure it is necessary that we feed our cattle nutritious and abun- dant food, and keep them in warm and comfortable barns. ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 19 The richer the food we feed the better will our manure be, and the differ- ence in value, load for load, between the droppings of half starved and poorly kept animals, and those of others who are generously fed and warmly housed, is much greater than is generaliy supposed. Corn-meal, oats and bran, with good tame hay will make, I think, the best article that it is possi- ble for us to get. I would here recommend the use of straw or cut corn- stalks for bedding; they will absorb the liquid manure which would other- wise go to waste, and which is very valuable. There is also this advantage, that where we pile our manure and use much straw that there is no danger of losing ammonia by fermentation; the acids produced from the fermenting straw will hold all the ammonia found in the heap. What we want is good manure, and the richer it is and the bigger the pile the better. The next point is to properly care for our manure, and this is a point that needs to be well dwelt upon. This indeed may be said to be our weak spot. Many of us make large quantities of rich manure, and then through care- lessness suffer it to go to waste. Fortunes have been lost in this manner, fortunes are being lost by it now; the richness that would fill our corn-cribs with grain, our barns with hay, our pockets with greenbacks, is being swept into our rivers or absorbed by the air. Our cattle should not be allowed to range all over the farm in winter.. They should be kept, when out of the barn, in a close yard where there is an abundant supply of good water, and where all the coarse feed of the farm which is not fed in the barn should be brought to them. This yard should not be exposed to running water; and the manure which will accumulate in it should at intervals be made into large piles, where it will ferment and decompose, and become fit food for plants. Manure cellars and sheds I do not speak of, because I believe that if we pile it in our yards or elsewhere where it is not exposed to water from roofs or running streams, the natural rainfall will be beneficial rather than detrimental to it, by assisting the decomposition and fermentation of the mass. , We now come to the application of manure to the soil, and here indeed we have a diversity of opinions. Some recommend to apply it in winter, others in spring, others again in autumn. Some would plow under green manure, others would top-dress grass lands with it, when well rotted. Those who advocate the hauling and spreading of green manure on grass lands during the winter, argue that the surface of the land is protected from sud den changes during the winter, and the first thaw carries the manure to the roots, where it causes a vigorous growth early in the spring. If the ground is plowed for a spring crop, it is also benefited by having the manure ready to be absorbed by the soil as soon as the ground thaws; the seed, as soon as it sprouts. finds what it needs close at hand. They also argue that it is cheaper to haul it during the winter, when work is slack, and that by this course we escape the waste of manure in the yards. In answer to this it is said that in thawing manure upon frozen land much of itis carried off in spring by rains, particularly if there be much fall to the land. In hauling out green manure it is certain we haul out u great quantity of water—some estimate it as high as eighty per cent.—which is a 20 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. waste of labor. I will simply say that from my own experience, which is limited, and from what I read of the experience of others, Iam decidedly in favor of piling manure until it is thoroughly decomposed, and then of applying it as top-dressing to meadow land as soon as possible after haying. In applying it at this time it will promote a vigorous growth of after math, which is valuable both for food for cattle and as a protection to the meadow in winter. Plants will not take up manure until it is decomposed. If applied in a fresh state to the soil, it must decompose in the soil before it is of any use to the plants. This takes a long time, especially in clayey land. Manure acts quicker for being fermented before being applied to the land. If you apply it to the land and it is not taken up the first year by the plants, the ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash, enter into combination with certain ingredients in the soil, become nearly insoluble, and it takes time to get them back. It is objected to top-dressing that there is a waste by evaporation; but the experiences of many years have shown that in top-dressing meadow land with well rotted manure, that there is no waste of anything but water, of which all barnyard manure contains a great deal. Again, it is said to give the grass a rank taste; but if itis well spread and thoroughly harrowed in, as it should be, this taste will be found not to exist. Another advantage of applying it in a well decomposed condition is, that it is reduced nearly one-half in bulk, we ao not need to haul so much water, and at the same time its plant food is rendered more soluble. John Johnson, of New York, whois a very high authority in such matters, says in the New York Agriculturist, that he has ‘‘ found by actual trial, that one load of well rotted manure applied as top-dressing to grass land in the autumn, and the land plowed up and planted to corn in the spring, is worth as much as three loads of fresh manure plowed under. ’ EK. H. S—Ewarp, Marengo, related some experiments made with various fertilizers by the Kishwaukee Club, of Marengo, Illinois. These experiments constituted several varieties of manures: barnyard, green and decomposed, plaster, salt, bone-dust, and ashes, put upon equal amounts of ground, with varied results, the test crop being corn, with the vield produced greatly in favor of salt as a fertilizer, the salt cost- ing but four dollars per acre, while the barnyard manure cost eight dollars. . Hon. Wm. Patrren said such experiments were of real importance, and afforded great satisfaction. Too much guess work had been indulged in by the farmer. He should know exactly the results of his labors. He had thought to draw green manure to the field the best plan. It always gave a ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 21 good crop the second year. Did not think it best to let manure lie in yard over sumimer. EK. H. SEwarp, in regard to the experiment, maintained that exact accounts had been Kept, and corn weighed. Prof. Hatt wanted to know if manure lost by evaporation. JOHN KEATING se that exaggerated. Thought it lost nothing. Wm. PATTEN Housnt manure piled in large piles would heat and burn out its value as a, fertilizer. Mr. Krearine said horse manure should not be maled: as it would heat and become worthless. | ; S. N. Wrient had had much experience with manures. Mineral manures acted as stimulants, and when once used must be kept up. It was like a man under the influence of liquor. When its strength was spent the land would run down. Barnyard manure was best. He piled his manure and spread on grass land. Had good results from fresh manure. J.R. McLran would put out manure when green. For top- dressing he preferred fine marure, but for deep culture, green, plowed in. K. G. Keronum thought what would apply to one farm would not to another. He took out his manure direct to the field, with as much water as possible. Thought this the best plan. Wm. PATTEN thought drainage had much to do with the product. He had three miles of tile; it was the best manure he had ever used. His land was clay subsoil. Tiling was the best investment a farmer could make. It costs about one dollar per foot, when down. On motion, a committee on finance was now appointed, consisting of J. R. McLean, KE. H. Sewarp, and B. Cox. Af.- ter voting to continue the last question to-morrow, the con- vention adjourned to meet at 9 a. m. 22 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. WEDNESDAY, 9 A. M. Convention called to order, when Question No. 4 was taken up and discussed. Hon. Wm. PaTTEN wished to hear from some one having experience with liquid manures. Dr. J. Woopwarp, of Marengo, said he was a learner, and wanted to get facts. He added dressing and deposited in a plank box; let freeze and spread it upon the land in the spring. Did not approve of keeping manure in yard during summer—it will evaporate and lose much of its strength. Top-dressing was the best plan; even corn land should be top-dressed; it does not interfere with cultivation. C. GILBERT, Union, said to draw out in spring was best. Did not like to top-dress for corn; it expended its strength in the sun; plowed shallow for corn. Liquid manure can only be saved by piling, unless great expense is incurred; it is best to draw out in winter. Hon. Wo. PaTrren drew out as fast as made; planted three courses of corn to each coat of manure; to draw out as made was the best plan to save the liquid manure. In summer milked in stable, and the urine was wasted; would like to know its value; could cisterns be used to collect it, and then pump it out? itis strong, and must be a powerful fertilizer; thought some kind of bedding might be used as an absorbent. Dr. WoopWaARD gave experiments made by Kishwaukee Club with various fertilizers, used upon three acres of land. Had taken old corn land, split the rows, put in liquid manure, and harrowed crosswise; drilled in the corn, and received fifteen tons of cured corn-fodder per acre, much of it growing thirteen feet high. One team could haul sixteen loads per day a distance of 360 rods. To use eight loads per acre, this plan, is better than sixteen loads per acre scattered upon the surface. Raised the best corn by this plan he ever raised; ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 23 it was clean and easy to cultivate; it cannot ee always plants in drills; uses horse planters. H. W. Meap had always plowed deep to avoid evaporation. Would always plow all the land; did not like the furrow plow; it washed more than ordinary plowing, especially or rolling land. C. H. Larkin was called for. Had not matured any thoughts upon the supject. It was certain that all plant food must be made acceptable to the plants, or it wonld do them no good —in fact, would not be received by them; and it must be applied so that the plants can easily obtain it. He, like many others, was running in the old rut. Barnyard manure should be housed; had experimented; housed manure was the best; all its properties could be saved in no other way, especially to use for small grains; for grass lands it is best to take to the field as fast as made. But few farmers had the means to properly protect and care for manure. Multch- ing direct seemed to produce the best results; climatic changes had much to do with our grasses; grass roots were sensitive, and took up fertilizers readily. | IsRAEL BorEs had changed his views in regard to manures; had always supposed fine manure best for corn—had made a mistake; should have been on grass land; he now believed to draw direct from the stable to the land the best plan; it leached and wasted if allowed to remain in the yard. He now saved his liquid manure, using a cistern; could dip or pump it; his gutters descended to cistern. August and Sep- tember was the best time to apply manure. D. BrumpBack, Gilman, thought manure from well fed cows much superior to that of poorly fed cattle; it was to pigs as cooked feed. Would like to hear from those of more expe- rience. D. C. ScoFIELD thought it an important question. We, as farmers, want a great deal of manure. Lime mixed with barnyard manure would ruin the whole pile, by heating; used to burn all the straw. Had seen a handful of straw put in each hill of corn, and the result was ten days earlier corn 24 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. and better crop. One load of leached ashes on our land is worth four loads of common manure; night soil is still more valuable; in New York it is a great commodity; ail farmers near large cities buy it to mix with common manure. C. H. LARKIN was glad to hear of the use of lime as a fer- tilizer; would like the facts and reasons; why lime put in common manure piles would rnin the whole. D. C. ScoFIELD—it burns itself to death; was not worth drawing to field. C. H. Larkin still wanted the facts and the reasons. To travel the same old road every year was a slow way to improve. Had used muck manure; it compared favorably with other manures; the immediate result was good; did not think it lasted as long; but owing to its convenient location in many places 1ts claims should not be ignored by the farmer. D. C. ScorikLp had used muck; his mode was to put in large piles, and when rotten was applied to orchard; it lasted well; was a natural food for plants; was in favor of muck; it was purely vegetable; had used it for onions, which grew four times the usual size. THos. 8. HunTLEY thought to take out green manure was a great saving; it gathers nitre, which is beneficial to plants; all its properties are saved; it was certainly best to draw out fresh; in the Kast they manure in the hill; could raise ten bushels more corn per acre by this plan than to scatter broad- cast. THos. BisHoPp thought to let rot in heaps was best; drew all his poor hay and straw into yard; August and September was the time to put upon the land; always tried to make all he could; to draw in heaps in field when help was cheap was - economy. i T. Huntriey had put manure in furrows when plowed; was a good plan; also plowed in straw; might not be good in dry season. C. H. Larkin had put fresh straw from machine on grass ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 1 Q5 land with good results; tasted well. Wanted to Know the scientific reason for the use of lime on our soils. THos. BisHop thought frozen manure in winter could not be handled to advantage. Dr. Woopwarp had used plaster mixed with one-sixth lime; produced best wheat; as to applying with common manure, it drove off a large amount of water, thus burning the whole to death; if lime is used it should be slacked. Prof. Haut said it was a fact that lands differed greatly in their elements to produce plant life; as to which of the many fertilizers was best for all soils, it was hard to tell; lime mixed with other manures tends to liberate ammonia, which is good for plants; lime of itself is not good, but as an agent, is useful. E. H. S—EwarpD thought our soils by cultivation had exhaust- ed the alkali left by the prairie fires of an early day, and that want must be supplied before we can again raise good wheat. Prof. HaLL promised to make practical experiments on corn, and find out ‘‘the one thing needful.” Mr. Hunriey said at Salt Lake, where the soil abounded in alkali, and beans would not grow, all crops were good. Dr. 8. M. SLADE put upon six acres of land 800 bushels of ashes, one half leached and the remainder unleached; could not perceive any difference as to fruit; had also tried lime from gas works which had been used for purifying; result, seventy- five bushels of corn per acre. Could detect little difference between the various fertilizers. C. H. Larkin wanted to know if the alkali had not prevent- ed ruin to soil, etc. Dr. Suave could not tell all the results of applying alkali. D. C. ScoFieLD had had great experience with ashes; could not arrive at the exact difference between leached and un- leacbed; was surprised to know that there was 400 bushels of old ashes in the town; would advise all to use them; he believed them to be the surest and quickest fertilizer used. 4 26 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. S. M. SLADE said a certain piece of land enriched by the use of ashes thirty years ago, plainly showed the results to- nay; in that locality they were bought by the ship-load— ree cents for leached and eiSht cents for unleached. | Dr. TreFrtT said to know exactly how to apply ashes we .nust know exactly all the constituent elements of the soil, and this can only be obtained by chemical analysis. Henry SHERMAN had destroyed foul strip by fire, and had seen good results from the ashes left, by an increase of crops on the lands so burned; believed in ashes. Hon. Wm. PatTEN thought that ashes, as a fertilizer, took first rank; come to this conclusion by planting crops upon land which had been run over by fire. Farmers were too apt to continue year after year in the same old way; we must try experiments and obtain information from actual experience; had learned much at this convention; it was evident that what was good for one farm was not good for all farms; we must sift the chaff from the wheat, holding fast to the good. Topic No. 5. ‘*The best method of improving and supply- sug the dairy. Different breeds, and their adaptation to our climate.” Hon. Wm. PatrEen opened the discussion of this question by saying he had devoted a great deal of time and money to improving his dairy; considered the selection of a bull as important; had bred and used the short-born stock with sat- isfactory results. There was great difference in the short-horn families as to the milking qualities; often had to “‘ weed out” several each year to secure the best. Several years since he introduced the Holstein blood into his herd; could plainly see the effects yet by their excellence as milkers; only bred from the same strain about five years; thought Holsteins, as milkers, stood in the first rank; also was partial to milking families of short-horns. Some bulls would, if used for many years, destroy the milking qualities of your herd. K. H. Szwarp, Marengo, thought the old Durham stock -rould not, as a race, be called good milkers. The Kentucky ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 25 stock, of Clay importation, were poor milkers; they were a beef family; the “mahogany red” are perhaps the best. Dairymen should also have an eye to the beef qualities, or they would lose much; large c@ws do not consume any more feed than small ones. Had no experience with Ayrshires; Alderneys gave a small flow, but rich in cream and butter: but as a class we look more to quantity than to quality; would not recommend the same class of cattle to all farms. C. GILBERT, Union, thought this question had been fully discussed in the Northwestern Association. He cared not for breed; it was a mere matter of selection; all breeds pro- duce some good milkers. As to Durhams, calves three months old sell for eighteen to twenty dollars; same with Holsteins: can find just as good cows among native stock as among thorough breds. D. C. ScorizeLtp thought the Bates blood of short-horns the best; should come in at two years old, and learned to bc — milkers young: should come in at flush of grass to make large udders; of this family, nine out of ten come in at two years old, in which case one is worth as much as two to come in older; would select calves from best bulls as well as best cows; had bred one half blood Durhams; were one-third larger and worth more money; calves should be well fed from beginning to maturity; full as much depends upon the male as the female. Prof. Hatt. The cow machine requires a certain amount of feed to keep it in operation, even though it accomplish ne work in the production of milk or meat. Any portion of food that may be consumed and digested beyond this amount, ' is what gives to the farmer his profit. But the cow that con- verts a large portion of this surplus food into fat, will nol have so much left to put into the milk pail. This is jus: what the short-horn cow does; consequently this cow cau never excel as a dairy cow. If she should excel in this direc- tion she would not be a first-class short-horn. Those wit: whom this valuable breed is a favorite, laugh at the Jerseys. They can see no beauty in a cow unless she be loaded wit.: 28 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. fat. They would not have one of the ‘‘scrawny Jerseys” in their herd. But, my dear sirs, the Jersey makes herself *‘scrawny” by putting a large proportion of the food given -her into the milk pail, insteatt of upon her back. ‘Therefore she is a better dairy cow. Not only does the Jersey cow do this, but she converts a wonderfully large proportion of her food into cream globules. Therefore she is exactly adapted to the butter dairy. ‘‘ But,” says my friend who breeds short- horns, ‘‘ what is your cow worth when you are through milk-. ing her?” The question is unimportant to the butter dairy- man. If I can find a cow that, upon the same amount of feed, will make annually fifty pounds of butter more than the average will make, and if I milk her ten years, I will have 500 pounds of butter, worth $125, to compensate for the differ- ence in the value of the carcass, which will not be more than fifteen or twenty dollars. ‘‘* But,” says one, ‘‘ will the Jersey cow do this?” I believe she will. It must be borne in mind that the short-horn machine is much larger, as a rule, than the Jersey machine; consequently much more food will be required to overcome its friction, and much more food will be consumed in a given time. Hence we do injustice to the Jer- seys if we compare the product of a 700 pound Jersey with the product of a 1,500 pound short-horn. Now, not having been appointed to discuss this question, Iam not prepared to present figures; but any comparison instituted between these two breeds should regard the food consumed and not the number of animals. Again, not only is the quantity of the product of the little Jerseys remarkable, but in quality it is superior to the butter product of the ‘beef breeds.” With the same feed and the same care, Jersey butter made in January will be several shades better color than the prod- uct of the short-horns or natives. In August, with the same treatment, Jersey butter will be much firmer than butter made from the milk of other breeds. The average Jersey cow will give milk more days in the year than the average cow ef any other breed. A cow in my herd gave us five pounds and three ounces of butter during four days in July, 1875. Five weeks ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 29 from that time she dropped a calf which she had carried nine months and two weeks. From the milk of Oceana (herd | book No. 4389), we made one-half pound of butter per day two weeks before she dropped*her calf in May, 1875. The calf (a pull) readily sold for twenty-five dollars when three days old. From these figures, and others which I have made from time to time, and from comparisons instituted between the breeds, I am led to this conclusion: We want the short- horns for beef, but for the butter dairy give us the “‘ scrawny little Jersey,” that puts her surplus feed into the milk pail, and not upon her back. On motion of J. R. McLEAN the election of officers was made a special order for half past two o’clock this p. m. On motion, adjourned to meet at 1:30 o’clock this p. m. WEDNESDAY, 1 P. M. Convention called to order as per adjournment. On motion, Wm. Parten, C. C. BUELL and THos. HuNTLEY were made a committee to recommend suitable persons to act as trustees in the several counties represented, and to report to-morrow. E. H. Srwarp spoke further as to breeds for the dairy; by a test at Marengo the short-horns took the premium. Prof. Hatt thought the experiment had not been carried far enough; he had made an exact test in his case , The Jer- sey was much ahead; had large cream globules which rise easy. Dr. TeFrr said he believed the globules of Jersey milk varied more than any other breed; to make an exact test of milk, all the circumstances must be known—time of churning, Cbs). |, No. 7—‘‘ Marketing Dairv Products,” was now taken up and opened by J. R. McLEan, secretary of the Elgin Board of Trade, who gave many interesting statements as regards the 30 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. sale and management of dairy products. Hesaid to a few men in Elgin belongs the credit of building up the dairy interest to its present importance, and establishing the Elgin Board of Trade. It was evident that the board system was the only true one. To sell the vast amcunt of cheese produced in the Northwest by the old plan occasioned a great loss in shrink- age, and poor pay; five per cent., at least, was lost in weights. The saving by the board plan was of itself a nice dividend to patrons. Many attempts had been made to break down the Elgin board, but had so far ended in more firmly estab- lishing it. The only expense to members being two dollars per annum, to make this great saving. Mr. McLEan here gave the following figures as the transactions of the Elgin Dairy Board of Trade, since its organization: 1872." "Lotal’sales butter and ‘cheese. ....s.... 2.7. .0.- eee $ 81,000 00 1873. ‘* boxes cheese, 40,629—1,726,316 tbs; butter, 62,061 tbs. 219,177 53 1874. x a ~ 65,025—2,955,202 ** 5 136,426 ** 368,528 58 1875. ee a ch 87 '405—8, 970,786 ‘ ee 226,175 ‘* 496,220 04 1876. ne 3 ‘© 127,856—5,177,730 ‘* Ae 829,267 ** 767,640 68 From the above figures it will appear that the transactions of the board are nearly ten times larger than the first year; no other evidence is needed to convince any farmer or dairy- man in which direction his interest can be best cared for. On motion of M. H. THompson, the members of the press present were made honorary members of the Association. The report of H. W. Mrap, treasurer, was read, received, and filed; it showed $42.25 in the treasury, with no bills to pay. The special order for 2:30 p. m., the election of officers, was now taken up. The chair venom J. R. McLEAN and E. H. SEWARD as tellers. A ballot was taken for president, which resulted in declar- ing Dr. Trrrr unanimously elected. The selection of three vice-presidents was now in order, when, on motion, the secretary was instructed to cast the entire vote of the Asscciation for Prof. F. H. Haun, Dr. J. W ooDWARD, and C. C. BUELL, who were declared unanimous- ly elected. ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 31 On motion, IspaEL Borrs was instructed to cast the entire vote for M. H. Tompson for secretary, and he was declared elected. On motion, C. C. Burt cast the entire vote for H. W. Mrap for treasurer, and he was declared elected. The following county trustees were elected, whose duty it is to gather dairy statistics in their respective counties, and collect such other information as may be of use to the Asso- ciation: Kane county—J. R. MCLEAN, R. P. MoGuinoy, E. G. KercHum. Cook ‘ —Hon. JOHN WENTWORTH, Dr. KENNICOTT, A. H. DALTON. Boone county—Judge L. W. LAWRENCE, B. CORNWELL, T. E. Munn. Troquois ‘“* —DAvip BRuMBACK, W. E. KIMBLOE, W. H. MANN. De Kalb ‘* —Hon. WM. PATTEN, DEXTER SEVERY, A. LOVELL. Ogle ““ —IsRAEL Bores, Byron; JEREMIAH DaAvis, Junction; Wm. BAKER, Junction. DuPage county—DAN’L DUNHAM,.[RA ALBRO, PETER PRATT. McHenry ‘“ —E.H.SEWARD, Dr. J. WOODWARD, T. McD. RICHARDS. Stephenson ‘© —Joun SMALLWOOD, S. F. HENDERSON, JOHN SWENZA. Clay county—THos. Witson; B. B. INGRAHAM, Gen. L. B. Parson, Flora. Whiteside county—J As. HOWLAND, ROBT. GALT, JOSHUA ANTHONY. Knox county—A. G. Mr~uER, Oneida; 8. C. Woop, C. J. FERRIS, Galesburg. Topic No. 10—‘‘ How can we improve the dairy interests of Illinois ?”’—was now taken up, when IsrRaEL Boiss, of Byron, read the following paper: MR. BOLES’ PAPER. How can we improve the dairy interest of the State of Illinois? First, by making it pay better—better cows, better care, and last but not least, better manufacturers. All the cows. of the Northwest only average about 3,000 pounds of milk each. This does not pay. There is not a think- ing, figuring man in the State who would-go into dairying if he thought he could do no better. There are men who do far better. How do they do it? First, by selection of cows; next, by care; anything that is worth doing at all is worth doing well. It costs, in the ordinary way of keeping a cow, twenty-five to twenty-seven dollars per year; will 3,000 pounds of milk pay this bill? Forty-two dollars and a half will keep a cow first-class a year, and that cow, if a good one, 32 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCLATION. will yield you six to eight thousand pounds of milk. The sooner a poor cow —I mean a poor milker—is converted into beef, the better for the owner. No man can afford to milk a poor milker; no man should be satisfied with a less average of his entire dairy, than an average of 7,000 of good milk. Far better to have an average of 10,000 pounds. This last point will never be reached without great care and the choicest food, and no poor milkers. The manufacture of milk here is a great waste. Three-fourths, and per- haps more, of the milk of the State of Illinois is manufactured on a percent- age. This, in my opinion. is all wrong for the producer. Every manufac- turer should buy his milk at a given price, and then if he does his business poorly it is his own loss, not the producer’s. It now takes in the State of Tllinois nearly eleven pounds of milk to make a pound of cured cheese; and twenty-seven to twenty-eight pounds of milk to a pound of butter. Part of this is chargeable to the producer, but a large part is chargeable to the man- ufacturer. Nine pounds of milk ought to make one pound of cured cheese, and twenty-three pounds one pound of choice butter. Now figure the dif- ference in the net proceeds of one cow, and you will be astonished. It will make over ten dollars per cow, or $10,000,000 on 1,000,000 cows. I have not a doubt that the dairymen of the State of [llinois lose by bad management of their cows and the bad inanagement of the manufacturers, $5,000,000 every year. Thus now, if our associations can suggest, and the dairymen improve by their suggestions so that one-half the above sum be saved, we are amply paid for all our time and effort. C. C. Burt had no figures; he coincided in the main with Mr. Bores; he thought it might be possible to make a pound of butter from twenty-three pounds of milk. The cows in the Northwest, as a whole, are ‘‘scalawags;” they are not what they ought to be; breeds have much to do with it; must look to improved methods of manufacturing; in New York the factory system was carried on with poor apparatus and no conveniences; if poor in that old State what must ours be in a new State? Many improvements car yet be made in buildings, apparatus, and breeds of cows, all of which will tend to improve our interests. No. 8—‘‘ The best and cheapest feed to keep up the supply of milk during the summer drought,” was called for, and 8. W. KINGSLEY said he believed sowed or drilled corn or Hun- garian grass the best article of food to Keep up the milk dur- ing a dry time; this was the cheapest and most convenient for the farmer to resort to; he fed bran and meal all summer; ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 33 believed feed fed to good cows never thrown away; if green feed can not be had in season, grain was the only substitute he knew of; wouid always feed well. « T. BisHoP said it was some time since a drought; there are many ways to make milk in a dry time; could not make it rain or make the grass grow. When milk is at four to six cents per gallon, it makes but little difference whether the flow is kept up or not; many farmers kept too much stock for their pastures. There were two sets of men in this con- vention to please; supply and demand was the great thing after all; must make the product scarce; we make too much —four to eight cents per gallon for milk! must not keep forty cows with only pasture for twenty; do not take to factory; it takes one-fourth of the whole to have it worked up; it costs no more to run a factory than a farm; we must lose one-fourth of all our milk on this factory plan; commission business in in the cheese business was a bad business. Our milkmen’s wives, like blacksmiths’ horses, go poorly shod; milkmen use no milk in the family, they are too poor; all must be sold; the men work from 4a.m to9p.m.; no class of men work harder op poorer pay. The fact is, the product must be made scarcer; must buy less scalawag cows; we are no better off than when we had no cows. S.N. Wricut thought the question of feed was important; his bread and butter came from his cows; did not think it a good plan to pasture meadows; must not turn on pasture too soon in spring; wait till there is plenty of grass, so as to Keep cows from roaming around the lots. C. C. BurELL did not think Mr. BisHop’s argument good practical economy; the object could not be accomplished by making the product scarce, but by making it better, and by raising it cheaper; one will grow rich while another will grow poor, by merely producing cheaper. If we are to make our product scarce, we had better quit at once. We must make dairy products plenty, and learn to produce them cheaper; if we can produce cheaper than other places using higher- priced lands, then we will always have the advantage. 5 34 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. Hon. Wm. Patten thought it the true plan to make a good article as cheaply as possible; it was like a railroad; it would create its own demand. Could not endorse the theory advanced by Mr. BisHop; to cheapen production is the true plan. : D. C. SCOFIELD said that when the first dairy club was formed at Elgin some dairymen refused to tell what they knew about dairying, for fear some one would learn something. Then our region was not known for its dairy business; one wagon load would flood the market; now we ship by the ton and by the car load, all over the world, at prices which the early dairymen never dreamed of IsRAEL Borks thought winter dairies did not feel the summer drought as much as summer dairies, fed on grass; give the cows all the good feed you can. No. 14. ‘“‘Can summer butter be so handled and packed that it will retain its freshness and sweetness for winter use 2” C. C. BuELt read the following paper upon this question, and also gave his experience as to using brine in packing butter in summer, C. C. BUELL’S PAPER. é Can summer butter be so handled and packed that it will retain its freshness and sweetness for winter use ? If an affirmative answer to this question means that butter can be kept through summer and autumn retaining its sweetness and freshness so as not readily to be distinguished from fresh, sweet butter, we can notattempt to maintain it. We have never seen any such and should lack the first and and most essential argument in the case. Moreover, if we understand the accepted theories as to what gives the butter the peculiar aroma and deli- ciousness of the best made fresh butter, we should not expect on general principles they could be retained—at least only in a very slight degree. We shall have to leave to our associates, therefore, the task of maintaining the affirmative in this sense if they desire so to do. Whether butter can be thus preserved so as to be good, sweet, old butter, without rancidity or bad flavor, is another question, which we believe can be answered in the affirmative, and we propose to discuss it under three heads, viz. :—as to the place of storage, the package, and the contents. 1. As to the place of storage : The first requirement is that it must be a cool place. dunes s o0sst ab ee $2 00 Five copies, ‘“ is oa a OP IT, oy ae ee i 7 50 Address, S. L. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher, ELGIN, ILL. —_—— Printing for Dairymen, Factorymen and Dealers.a specialty. Numerous Cuts and Illustrations adapted to the business. ‘