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FROI
New Jersey State Museum

COMPLIMENTS OF

oe, ix. MOORS Gi,

CURATOR.

COMMISSIONERS AND CURATOR OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM, 1906.

1, C. J. Baxter. 2. H. B. Kummel

3. Prof. E. B. Voorhees, 4. Hon. Wm. J. Bradley.
5, S, K. Robbins. G. S. R. Morse, Curator.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

New Jersey State Museum

Including a list of the Specimens received

during the year

FINANCIAL REPORT

With a Report of the
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF NEW JERSEY
and a
SUEFPEEMENT TO THE “FISHES: OF NEW JERSEY.”

FULLY ILLUSTRATED

1906

TRENTON, N. J.
MacCrellish & Quigley, State Printers.

1907

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Commissioners of the New Jersey State Museum.

Srate Supt. oF Pustic Instruction, CHARLES J. BAXTER, President.
Srate GroLocist, HENRY B. KUMMEL, Secretary.
Present Strats Boarp or AcricuLture, E. B. VOORHEES.
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, WILLIAM J. BRADLEY.

SPEAKER OF THE House ofr AssrmBLy, SAMUEL K. ROBBINS.

SILAS R. MORSE, Curator.

Heads of the Several Departments of the New Jersey
State Museum.

C. J. BAXTER, State SUPERINTENDENT OF PuBLic INSTRUCTION,
Educational.

E. B. VOORHEES, Ruvcrers CoLLEce,
Agriculture.

HENRY B. KUMMEL, Srate Geotoctst,
Geology.

JOHN C. SMOCK, Ex-Srate Georocrst,
Forestry.

AUSTIN C. APGAR, State Norma ScHOOL,
Birds and Botany.

JOHN B. SMITH, Srate Entomotocist,
Entomology.

JAMES T. MORGAN, Deputy of Bureau or Lazor StTAaTIsTICs,
Manufactures.

WILLIAM H. WERNER, Taxidermist of Museum.
HERBERT M. LLOYD, Secretary oF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
Archeology.

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Letter of Transmittal.

TRENTON, N. J., November 30th, 1906.
To the Honorable Edward C. Stokes, Governor of the State of
New Jersey:
Str—I have the honor to present, for the Commissioners of
the New Jersey State Museum, the Annual Report, including
the Report of the Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey and a

Supplement to the “Fishes of New Jersey.”
SILAS R. MORSE,

Curator.

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The Curator’s Report.

Owing to the success of our last report, of 1905, which was
almost wholly devoted to the ‘Fishes of New Jersey,” we have
- concluded in the present volume to continue the “Fishes of New
Jersey” as a supplement, and take as our principal subject the
“Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey,’ prepared by the
same author, also to be fully and similarly illustrated. The
Museum Commission is pleased to know that the last report
has been very favorably received by the State officials and the
public. We have received, and are still receiving, many compli-
mentary letters. Great credit is due to Mr. Fowler for the
excellent manner in which he has presented the subject. Messrs.
MacCrellish & Quigley, printers, deserve much credit for their
painstaking efforts to make it a success.

We feel that this work will be creditable not only to the New
Jersey State Museum, but to its Commission and all connected
with it. With the completion of the present volume a complete
account of the interesting cold-blooded vertebrates, so far as our
knowledge will permit at present, is for the first time offered.
We trust, if for this alone, our work will claim a generous indul-
gence on the part of the public, and fill a long apparent want.

The Curator and the Commission now feel that their aim to
establish a first-class educational museum is beginning to be
appreciated by the State officials and the public. Although with
the work just begun they feel much has been accomplished in a
short time and with a very small outlay of money by the State.
Their purpose will still be to continue on the same lines as carried

on thus far. of
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461

(9)

10 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.
GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

The Geological collection contains specimens of nearly every-
thing of geological interest to be found in the State. They are
so arranged that they may easily be seen and studied. This is
facilitated by a card system, having been prepared during the
past year, which required much care and work. Under this
system it is easy to name or find any desired specimen.

BIRDS.

The collection of the New Jersey birds, nests and eggs is quite
complete, considering the short time since the collection was
started. It is so arranged that the specimens may easily be seen
and studied. We are making a separate exhibit of the nests and
egos, besides those used in the groups of birds.

WOODS.

The collection of woods is quite extended. The case showing
the three cuts of each specimen, transverse, radial and tangen-
tial, and so arranged in the cabinet, was invented by the Curator
of the Museum. It is very interesting and proves most satis-
factory. ‘The thin slices of wood are placed between two glasses
on sliding frames so that they may be brought into the light and
thus seen to the best advantage and greatly facilitate their study.
We have found nothing in this respect more workable. This
case was first exhibited at St. Louis in 1903, and for it the
Museum received a gold medal.

FISHES.

The collection of mounted fishes, though not complete, is one
of the best of its kind to be found, and much praise has been given
by competent judges of their value from an educational point of
view.

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 11
MAMMALS.

The collection of mammals is receiving attention. Many of
them are arranged in groups, with old and young. These groups
have additional value in instructing the public with their life-
histories to some extent. They also serve to stimulate more
interest in this group of animals. We have added during the
past year several fine groups. ‘That of the beaver is especially
noteworthy. It has the stump from which the beaver cut the
tree and the chips.

INSECTS.

We have one of the most interesting collections of insects from
New Jersey that may be found. We have added only a few
specimens the past year, but the collections are quite complete.
We have brought from the New England States examples of the
most destructive moths, those of the Gipsy and Brown-tail. The
public may be able to detect and destroy them when they make
their appearance, as seems inevitable.

MOSQUITO EXHIBIT.

Some additions have been made to the exhibit “How to get rid
of the Mosquitoes.” ‘This has been studied by many persons
from all over the country.

Nothing new has been added to the School Exhibit. In fact,
the largest part of this had to be packed away to give way for
the new addition being built to the State House, and cannot now
be seen. We do not know when we shall again be able to place it
before the public, as no provision is being made in the new
rooms for it. This is a very important part of our Museum, and
should be provided for in some way at an early day. New Jersey
has the most complete display of this kind in the United States,
as we have the work of the schools shown at the Philadelphia
Centennial Exposition in 1876, that of New Orleans in 1884-
1885, the Columbia Exposition at Chicago in 1893, the Pan-

12 REPORT OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

American Exposition at Buffalo in 1901, the South Carolina
Inter-State and West India Exposition in Charlestown 1901-
1902, and the Universal Exposition at St. Louis in 1904.

With the educational work from these expositions any one is
enabled to make comparisons and see what advancement the New
Jersey public schools have made during that time.

At the coming Ter-Centennial Exposition to be held at James-
town, Virginia, to commemorate the first English settlement,
which is to open April 26th, 1907, the Department of Public
Instruction proposes to make a Comparative Educational Ex-
hibit, using some of the work from all of the expositions in
which New Jersey has been represented. We think New Jersey
is the only State that can make such an exhibit, as she alone has
preserved. her educational material. The exhibit will show the
advancement New Jersey has made in her educational advance-
ment in the past thirty-one years.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

The geological specimens of the Museum, collected by the
State Geological Survey, were not materially increased during
the year. Under the direction of the State Geologist much has
been accomplished toward making the material more accessible
for reference. The minerals and rocks have been numbered, and
the labels entered in a permanent accession book. , Index cards
have also been prepared for many specimens. Some progress has
been made with the work on paleontological material, but it will
be some time before all the collections are properly classified.
When the work is completed there will be a list of all specimens
arranged numerically in a book, and a card-index arranged by
subjects and localities. A permanent label-number in paint has
been placed on each specimen so there is no chance of the speci-
mens becoming valueless if the label should be lost.

Three new cases were received during the year, thus replacing
the older ones which have been in use since 1876. These were
discarded by the necessity for more storage-room, which they
did not furnish. This. change of cases gave an opportunity to

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 13

change the material on exhibition, and in some instances to sub-
stitute more desirable specimens. Numerous small colored maps
of the State, showing the location of the material on exhibition,
have been placed in each case. The display of clay, which re-
ceived the Gold Medal at the St. Louis Exposition, has been in-
stalled. A series of specimens designed to illustrate the pro-
cesses of separating and concentrating the zinc ore, mined at
Franklin Furnace, has been arranged. A similar set of speci-
mens shows the successive steps in the magnetic separation of
the iron ores.

A number of cretaceous fossils were withdrawn from exhibi-
tion for preparation and study, but with the completion of the
report upon these forms, which is in preparation under the direc-
tion of the State Geologist, these specimens and many others
will be available for the Museum.

OBJECT OF THE MUSEUM.

The Commission of the State Museum is trying to make it one
of the factors in the line of education, and are in hope at no dis-
tant date to see the teachers and others of the State bring their
pupils and friends to it for study as well as pleasure.

At the present time many students are availing themselves of
the opportunity of visiting the Museum to study its many speci-
mens. ‘This is especially the case with the students of the State
schools, the schools in and near Trenton, and some from Penn-
sylvania. We feel that it would be very profitable if excursions
for the children and teachers could be taken to the State House to
visit and study the Museum with its many educational advan-
tages. No doubt arrangements can be made with the railroads
and trolleys for reasonable terms. Besides the Museum there
are many other things of interest to be seen, not only in the
State House and other State institutions in the city of Trenton,
but many historical and local features of interest.

The number of visitors has greatly increased during the last
year. From the number that have registered during the time
we have had our register opened, it is estimated that more than

14 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

15,000 have visited the Museum in the past year. ‘The number
is continually increasing, and when it becomes known that we
have so much that is interesting and attractive, the number of
visitors will probably increase. There are comparatively few
persons, even in New Jersey, that know what a fine museum the
State possesses, as we have not tried to advertise it.

WANTS OF THE MUSEUM.

We are greatly in need of more room. Ewery part of the
space in the present museum rooms is occupied, and many of
the cases are crowded with specimens. .

In order to build the new addition to the State House it was
necessary to demolish the building where the new addition was
to be erected. In the third story of this old part of the State
House was one of the rooms in which we had a part of our
educational exhibit. We were, of course, obliged to remove
it. The only place we had for storage was in the other room
containing educational exhibits. By this method it filled the
room so full that we were obliged to close it, thus locking up
nearly all of the educational exhibits. As the rooms in the new
building are for other purposes, we shall have no room for this
material. There should-surely be some provision made for them.

As the new Museum hall, finished in 1902, is full, we have
many specimens that cannot be placed on exhibition, and are
continually receiving new specimens, more room should be pro-
vided for them. The Museum Commission urgently recom-
mend that more room be at once furnished them for the Museum.
The Geological Survey are now obliged to rent room outside
for their chemical laboratory. ‘There should be room for this
in or near the Museum. This we cannot too strongly urge—the
necessity for more space.

We have added for the Geological Department three new
combination cabinets with storage space under the show cases,
which are a great improvement over the old ones. We are in
need of at least two more of the same kind.

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 15

We also need more cabinets for the other departments, but we
have no room to place them. The State House Commission has
never furnished any cabinets or other furniture for the Museum
since its establishment, but nearly all of it has been received from

“the expositions—that is cabinets and other furniture used at
these expositions have been utilized, thus saving many thousands
of dollars to the State. Nearly all of our furniture is good and
modern.

CARD SYSTEM.

During the year we have had a complete card system made of
_all the specimens in the several exhibits. This makes it an easy
matter to locate any specimen one may wish to find. It has taken
much careful study and work, but will enable great saving of
time and labor.

We have adopted for the birds, eggs and nests the numbers
used by the American Ornithologists’ Union, and numbered
them accordingly.

NEW COLLECTIONS.

Until the State Museum was established, only a few years ago,
there was no place in the State where natural history and other
specimens could be placed and exhibited, therefore many very
valuable specimens left the State and found homes in other
places.

It is the desire of the Museum Commissioners to make the
New Jersey State Museum truly a New Jersey State Museum,
where in the future our citizens may have a place to deposit such
specimens as may be of interest to our people.

The Commissioners are anxious to receive such, and extend an
invitation to all who can to make such donations to the Museum,
and due credit will be given for the same to each contributor.
Any person having specimens is invited to correspond with the
Curator of the Museum on the subject. ‘Those making donations
will be entitled to receive a copy of the annual report and other
printed matter issued by the Museum.

16 REPORT OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

SPECIMENS OF BIRDS PROCURED DURING THE YEAR.

white pelican.

peacock (male).
ring-billed gull.

black skimmer.

crested grebe.

least bittern.

winter grosbeak.

king rail (young).

clapper rail (young).
chimney swift.

house wren.

great crested fly-catcher.
ravens (male and female).
pied-billed grebes (male and female).

| On CO ee

SPECIMENS OF FISH (MOUNTED).

I weak fish.

I croaker.

1 fluke.

1 angel-fish.

Collection of brook-trout eggs (25 bottles or specimens), showing
the advancement of incubation until they are hatched. ‘This set
was prepared for the Museum by the United States Fish Com-
mission, at its fish hatchery in Leadville, Colorado, by Super-
intendent W. T. Thompson, and presented to the New Jersey
State Musuem.

A collection of shad eggs (27 bottles or specimens), showing the
advancement of incubation. This was also prepared by the
United States Fish*Commission, at Havre de Grace, Maryland,
under the supervision of J. J. Glennan. ‘They were presented to
the State Museum by the United States Fish Commission.

BIRDS, EGGS AND NESTS IN ORIGINAL SETS FROM ERNEST H. SHORT.

Eggs.
3 Caspian tern.
8 blue-winged teal.
3 Canada goose.
4 Louisiana heron.
4 little blue heron.
4 green heron.
4 black-crowned night heron.
6 king rail.
7 Virginia rail.
4 spotted sandpiper.

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 17

4 killdeer plover.

3 Wilson’s plover.

3 oyster-catcher.
black-billed cuckoo.
flicker.

whip-poor-will.

night hawk.
scissor-tailed fly-catcher.
crester fly-catcher.
Pheebe.

American crow.
red-winged blackbird.
lark sparrow.

summer tanager.

purple martin.
roughed-winged swallow.
oven-bird.

Maryland yellow-throat.
Yellow-breasted chat.
long-billed marsh wren.
russet-back thrush.
American robin.
American robin.
parasitic jaeger.

sooty tern.

stormy petrel.
double-crested cormorant.
white ibis:

least bittern.

American barn owl.
American long-eared owl.
purple martin.
mockingbird.

catbird.

house wren.

northern downy woodpecker.
red-headed woodpecker.
tree swallow.

least tern.

kittiwake gull.

gannet.

red-throated loon.
meadow lark.

cliff -swallow.

kingbird.

BhRnR DY FP WW HNh DHA NAUNNUNWW PH HHP HhONA WA AAA WA UNAANN DN HN NW

Nests.
3 and nest white-eyed vireo.
«yellow warbler.
4 “ “© magnolia warbler.
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r& REPORT OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

4 and nest chipping sparrow.
“© Baltimore oriole.
American redstart.
hooded warbler.
prairie horned lark.
red-eyed vireo.
black-throated green warbler.
nest of black-crowned night heron.
Se amlauchingre tll:
“© yed-shouldered hawk.
“© red-tailed hawk.

HR HH wD DH PB OU

Mounted Birds.
Solitary sandpiper.
Hooded warbler.
Blackburnian warbler.
Loon.

Dovekie.

Black-necked stilt.
Black-necked stilt.
Long-billed curlew.
American sparrow hawk.
Redpoll.

SPECIMENS OF MAMMALS.

os |

mounted beaver, also showing tree stump cut down by the beaver.
This shows how they work.

moose head.

caribou head.

deer head (female).

ground-hog or wood-chuck.

flying squirrels.

red squirrels (young).

white ferret.

dark ferret.

He Rh HN HHH He

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR.

Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1904.

Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1905 and 1906. National
Museum.

Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, 1904. Vols. 1 and 2. Com-
missioner of Education.

Reports of the New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station.

The Woodsmen’s Handbook.

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 19

State of New York.

Report of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, 8th and oth report, 1902-
1903.

Report of the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New York.

New York Aquatic Insects in New York. University of N. Y., 1903.

Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. December 18, 1906.

Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. - February 13, 1906.

Report on the Turtles and Lizards Found in the Vicinity of New York City.

Report on the Fishes of the Fresh and Brackish Waters in the Vicinity of
New York City.

A Catalogue of the Fishes of Bermuda, with notes on a collection made in
1905 for the Field Museum, by Tarleton Bean.

Report of the New York State Museum, 1905.

Several Reports from the Different Departments of the State.

BOOKS PURCHASED.

The Naturalist Library, 10 volumes.

North American Birds’ Eggs, by Charles K. Reed.

Color Key to North American Birds, by Charles K. Reed.

Bird Guide, Part I—Water Birds East of the Rockies, by
Charles K. Reed.

Bird Guide, Part I]—Land Birds East of the Rockies, by
Charles K. Reed.

The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by Wit-
mer Stone. (Two copies. )

1905.
Oct 31:

1905.

Nov. 14.

1900.

Feb. 13.
April 3.

10.

27.

May 15.

22.

uneees:

July Io.

£7:
an.

Aug. 28.

Oct) -4

Financial Report.

Stenographer’s services in Museum,

RS eax cet Sih Sia te $320 00
George Pine, services in Museutme eo 0) oi ck eee ve es 240 00
Adams Express Co., express charges to October 20, 1905, 19 75
August Hammer, glass, etc., furnished December 4, 1905, 9 15
W. F. Yard, for trays for Museum, March 6, 1906,...... 9 00
F. H. Lattin, skin of Peacock furnished Mar. 3, 1906,.... 5 00
U. S. Express Co., express charges from October 6, 1905,

to: March) 27. LOOG! |) ...02 i GE aioe ees 6 13
Frank Blake Webster Co., mounted specimens furnished

March26; TOGO; 34.40 ©. conan een oO Caetano 31 20
W. F. Yard, for trays furnished Geological Department

Apt SOR TOOON, Sereraysrse 6) Ske Re oy Neen 5 00
5. L. Crosby Co., mounting fish, April 12, 1906; 5. .7.2.- 29 60
Ernest H. Short, mounted specimens and eggs, May 14,

710,66) Ran A Re TE CE Pe Mae ire rela mgt SIE 34 87
D. M. Heywood, mounted beaver furnished March 2,

TOG OM ay eee are yA kc ASM AE, Na Rn tec oe 25 00
Adams, Beencess Co to, March 277 1900)... sees ecee os 12 85
New Jersey School, Church Furniture Co., for furnishing

GASCSHMCLC? pe rratsrennts foc. oiese ey cdecs Cer Sic cies Saray Rea n eieee 336 00
Eimer & Amend, glass jars furnished June 28, 1906,..... 8 64
M. Abbott Frazar Co., for mounted moose, caribou and

doe’s head, July 11, 1906, ...... Bee 85 09
Chas. K. Reed, for books furnished Mav. 4, icon Ash Sgn aN 9 00
Petry’s Eeeee fOmineight and) cagiti ean Nee eee eee 8 67
Adams Express Co.,; for éxpress charees,) 2 ja. .e.)4. ¢ 12 85
United States Express, for express charges, ............ nae?
MacCrellish & Quigley, for stationery, °:.....2..4.<..- 7) af
Henry W. Fowler, for preparing the “Fishes of N. J.,”.. 100 0O
W. F. Yard, paper boxes for Geological Department, ... 20 00
Jacobe@s Cassel; for globes) standstetes) 5-5-4225 see 28 89
Wwanah, Tel, Wicraneiny ater Syysrehonedsy yh. oocnoce cosa pes onere 50 25
United States Express Co., for express charges from

OctoberrE2.to 21-1906; »...<.S eee poke see 24 81
S. R. Morse, expenses to October 29, 1906, ............ 30 OI
posta centonOctobem. 20°51 O00;, 4-year setae eter 38 43

Sis2nil7
To this should be added the bill of the Library Bureau,
which was included in our last year’s report, but not
paid till this year by the State Treasurer, .......... $78 83
$1,600 00

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PART ILI.

THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
OF NEW JERSEY.

By HENRY W. FOWLER,

Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

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PREFACE:

Like the “Fishes of New Jersey,” published in last year’s
report of this Journal, the present work similarly deals with the
amphibians and reptiles known from within the present limits
of the state of New Jersey. Although I have no new additions
to the fauna in this department, much yet remains to be studied
concerning most of the species. But few have in any way been
examined with more than even a partial glimpse at their life
histories within the large district embraced in the state’s
boundaries. ‘Therefore, when the necessary exploration has been
conducted, comparison with other localities may aid in clearing
the way of some of our present stumbling-blocks. However, the
purpose of this work, like that of last year’s, is not so much
an attempt at further elucidation as an exposition of what is now
known of the subject from my own observations. As with the
fish-fauna, some records of rare or unusual species have been
added recently. In several cases species have been described from
within our limits, and these are all in need of examination and
elaboration. I have been fortunate in most of these instances
to be able to present further information, together with verifica-
tions, etc., which it is trusted will conduce to place the subject
in compact form for future workers.

I have followed the classification used by Dr. David Starr Jor-
dan, in his Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northern
United States, as the most satisfactory. It is based largely on
Cope’s different articles. I have only listed the generic names,
and where the few changes are made they will be noted under
their respective species. Keys are given, based largely on Dr.
Jordan’s. I have based the description of each species on a
New Jersey example, wherever possible to secure one, and in
the cases of those where less fortunate give a short diagnosis,

(25)

26. PREFACE.

with remarks. The vernaculars are compiled from different
writers who have written on New Jersey amphibians and rep-
tiles, together with such as I could gather myself. Nearly com-
plete references to each species, as credited from within our lim-
its, are given, as far as I could find up to the present time. Of
course the general nature of some of the works will indicate
the distribution of a-species without mentioning that it has
ever occurred in New Jersey. In several of these cases it is
probable that the author’s studies were at least based in part on
New Jersey material, aside from what may be mentioned. From
the fact that great activity in zoology centered about Philadelphia
formerly, it may be naturally inferred that the animals then
studied were largely known from the environs of the home local-
ity. This is especially the case with Harlan and others.

I am under great obligations to the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia for the use of its library and unexcelled col-
lection of New Jersey amphibians and reptiles. In the laboratory
of that institution all of the species represented by specimens were
drafted, besides affording additional advantages for comparison
with the fine series of specimens from other localities. The col-
lections of this institution émbrace possibly some of the most
interesting amphibians and reptiles extant. Most of the orig-
inal types described by Jacob Green are still in good condition,
and some have been included in this report. Samuel Ashmead
made collections at Beesley’s Point, most of which were studied
by the earlier naturalists. Dr. Charles C. Abbott made very
important collections about Trenton. Prof. Edward D. Cope
also made several collections at different places. Mr. Samuel
N. Rhoads made fine collections, principally in the northern part
of the state. Mr. Witmer Stone, together with Messrs, J. A. G.
Rehn, H. L. Coggins and others, made various trips to the pine-
barren and southern regions with sticcess. Finally, the writer,
during his various fishing excursions, visited many localities as
already enumerated last year, together with many others, and
has thus been enabled to gather a lot of information. Many
notes were made in the field which are included in this work,
especially those with reference to fresh or living examples.

PREFACE. a

I am indebted to the State Museum of New Jersey and its a’ te
Curator, Mr. Silas R. Morse, for assistance in facilitating tue
work of this report. ‘To Dr. Charles C. Abbott, of ‘Treiton,
for some information and assistance. To Prof. Ulric Dahlgren,
.of Princeton University, for information on the salamanders
about Princeton. ‘To Mr. Witmer Stone, for materials and
notes on examples from various localities. To Mr. Wm. J.
Fox, who has added much to the ichthyology of Sea Isle City,
for notes principally concerning the marine reptiles of that
region. To Mr. Thomas D. Keim, for much information and
assistance when in the field during our many pleasant trips. To
Mr. H. Walker Hand, of Cape May, for information and
assistance while working in that region. To Mr. David Mc-
Cadden, Mr. J. A. G. Rehn, Mr. Bartram W. Griffiths, Mr.
Chreswell J. Hunt, Mr. S. Harbert Hamilton and Mr. George Z.
Hartman, of Palermo, in Cape May County, and many others,
for information or assistance in collecting specimens,

The figures given in this report are mainly taken from those
in the second edition of Holbrook’s North American Herpe-
tology. Several have been taken from other accessible works,
or drawings of my own. ‘The text figures are from Cope’s
works on North American amphibians and reptiles.

Finally, I shall state that though errors may occur in this
work, no excuse is made in their behalf, and it is trusted that
they are few and far. It is with the hope that it will be of use
and value to those who are interested in the subject, and furnish
an impulse to a new and more complete account in the near
future.

Henry W. Fow Ler,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

NOVEMBER 17TH, 1906.

oWiratt via gga tt A te
bi Os ape ila ye yi
Bah se Preee (i
a ee at ay roe

The Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey.
BY HENRY W. FOWLER.

INTRODUCTION.

In the “Fishes of New Jersey” I have already called attention
to some salient ichthyographic features of the state, which, to.
little extent, have bearing on the distribution of the amphibia
and reptilia. As opposed to that of fishes the marine fauna is
the poorest, while the upland and fresh waters contain the rich-
est. As amphibia and reptilia are more or less restricted at all
times in their distribution, it is natural that there should be
little if any difference in the presence of species, either in cold
or warm weather. This, of course, is due to their higher organ-
ization than fishes, and especially to the fact that they are air
breathing. The pelagic forms, if the widely roving sea-turtles
may be so termed, are represented only by several species. ‘The
fauna of the salt-marsh is also very poor, and is properly repre-
sented by but a single terrapin. In the fresh marshes it is very
different, as there reptiles occur in abundance, and so on over
both dry land and inland fresh waters to the very hill-tops. Not
all of these animals are necessarily aquatic, though most are
largely so. A noticeable feature of the distribution of the upland
fauna in its costal range is seen along the edge of the Cape May
County salt-marsh. Several upland species occur there which do
not seem to be back in the intervening cedar-swamp country.
However, the writer has as yet had neither the opportunity
or data to throw much light on this interesting question of local
distribution. One thing very apparent to most anyone who
studies the amphibians and reptiles of the state is the great
variation in color which most species will show. No clear

(29)

30 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

explanation seems to be possible to me for some of the cases
met with, as they will often all occur under the same conditions.
Possibly during my extended local work in ichthyology I may
be able to find opportunity to offer more important data. As
should have been stated before, most all of the information which
I have gathered in the direction of this work was made during
the numerous fishing excursions into different parts of the
state. I have, however, at different times made some interesting
observations, and hope in the future to make others. ‘The con-
clusion of this report will then place what I have been able to
gather of the living cold-blooded vertebrate fauna of New
Jersey.

FAUNAL WORKS.

Though the earlier works on herpetology, such as those of
Beauvois, Green, Harlan and Holbrook, frequently contain
accounts of New Jersey amphibians and reptiles, their more gen-
eral nature forbids their consideration as restricted to the State.
I have, however, located all the New Jersey references under
each species where found. Most of the early papers of Cope
and others are also of more or less similar nature, and have been
treated in the same way.

CHARLES CONRAD ABBOTT.

. 1869. Catalogues of Vertebrate Animals of New Jersey. <Geology of
New Jersey, 1868. Appendix. Reptiles and Amphibians, pp. 799-805.

This is the first attempt to give an annotated account of the
amphibians and reptiles of the state. Like the other departments
embraced, it is only a list of the species, with notes on their
abundance and habits, etc., which, in most cases, were based
on the author’s own observations. The identifications were
given largely by Cope. The work is also attended with the
unfortunate uncorrected proof, as in the case of the fishes.

1882. Notes on the habits of the “Savannah Cricket Frog.” <American
Naturalist, XVI, 1882 (September), pp. 707-711.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. Mar

1884. Recent studies of the Spade-foot Toad. <L. c., XVIII, 1884 (No-
vember), pp. 1075 to 1080, figs. 3.

A good account of the development of this interesting animal.

1885. A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home. New York. D. Appleton &
Company, 1, 3 and 5 Bond street.

This contains a popular account of the amphibians and reptiles
as observed mostly near Trenton, see chapters 29-33, pp. 250-
350. In the appendix is a list of the amphibians and reptiles of
Mercer County, pp. 475-477.

1889. The Pine-tree Lizard. <Pop. Sci. Month. XXXIV, 1880, pp. 162-
171, with several figures.

A complete account of some observations on Sceloporus
undulatus, with some notes on Eumeces fasciatus,

1890. Voice of Hyla andersonii. <American Naturalist, XXIV, 1890
(February), p. 180.

SAMUEL, LOCKWOOD.

1875. The Pine Snake of New Jersey. <American Naturalist, IX, 1875
(January), pp. I-14.
— Some Habits of the Pine Snake. <L.c. (July), pp. 424-425.
1880. The Pine Snake. <L. c., XIV, 1880 (July), p. 528.
T. M. BRYAN,

1879. Large Rattlesnakes. <American Naturalist, XIII, 1879 (October),
Ds 322

Note on the occurrence of rattlesnakes near Vincentown.

JOHN FORD.

1879. The Leather Turtle. <American Naturalist, XIII, 1879 (October),
PP. 633-637.

A complete account of this animal from our shores, with
remarks,

32. REPORT (‘OF NEW JERSEY STATE) MUSEUM:

JOHN E. PETERS.

1889. Another specimen of Hyla andersonii. <American Naturalist,
XXIII, 1889 (January), p. 58.

Records an example from near May’s Landing.

JULIUS NELSON.

1890. Descriptive Catalogue of the Vertebrates of New Jersey. <Rep.
Geol. Surv., II, pt. 2, Min. Bot. Zo6l., 1890, pp. 1-824, Amphibians and Rep-
tiles, pp. 637-657.

A compiled descriptive account of each species, mostly from
Dr. Jordan’s “Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northern
United States,” without reference to definite material, and based
on quoted notes from Dr. Abbott’s work of 1869.

EDWARD DRINKER COPE.

1896. A New Species of Frog from New Jersey. <American Naturalist,
XXV, i891 (November), pp. 1017-1019.

Rana virgatipes described as new, and remarks are made on
some of the interesting amphibians and fishes of the region.

1894. Trionyches in the Delaware drainage. <American Naturalist,
XXVIII, 1894 (October), p. 880.

Note on the above. Records examples of the “‘soft-shelled
turtle’ from near Woodbury.

J. PERCY MOORE.

1893. The Eggs of Pityophis melanoleucus. <American Naturalist,
XXVII, 1893 (October), pp. 878-885, figs. 9-10, Pls. 19 to 20.

1894. Note on the Occurrence of Hyla andersonii in New Jersey. <L. c.,
XXVIII, 1894 (December), pp. 1045-1046.

1896. Lygosoma (Liolepisma) Laterale in New Jersey. <L. c, XXX,
1896 (September), pp. 752-753.

AMPHIBIANS AND-REPTILES. a

CHARLES W. JOHNSON.

1894. Trionyches in the Delaware drainage. (American Naturalist,
XXVIII, 1894 (October), p. 880.

An account of the “‘soft-shelled turtle’ taken at Paulins Kill,
at Hainesburg, Warren County.

WILLIAM L. SHERWOOD.

1895. The Salamanders Found in the Vicinity of New York City, with
Notes upon Extra Limital or Allied Species. <Abstract of Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, pp. 21-41.

This treats of the salamanders of the northeastern part of the
state.

1898. The Frogs and Toads found in the Vicinity of New York City. <L.
c., 1897-98, No. I0, pp. 9-27.

R. L. DITMARS.

1896. The Snakes Found within Fifty Miles of New York City. <Ab-
stract of Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-096, No. 8, pp. 9-27.

KUGENE SMITH.

1899. The Turtles and Lizards Found in the Vicinity of New York City.
<Abstract of Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-90, No. 11, pp. 11-36.

_WITMER STONE.

1901. Occurrence of Hyla andersonii at Clementon, N. J. <Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., t901 (June), p. 342.

This note sums up the records of the occurrence of this inter-
esting species, and gives an additional one for Clementon, based
on an example collected by Mr. H. L. Viereck, May 12th, 1901.

3 MU

34 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

1906. Notes on Reptiles and Batrachians of Pennsylvania, New Jersey
and Delaware. <American Naturalist, XL, 1906 (March), pp. 159-170.

A list, with notes, on amphibia and reptilia from the states -
mentioned above, and giving the writer's examination of New
Jersey material based on his own observations and the examples
contained in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. ‘This valuable paper contains a number of
interesting records and a verification of previous ones.

WILLIAM T. DAVIS.

1904. Hyla andersonii and Rana virgatipes at Lakehurst, New Jersey.
<American Naturalist, XXX VIII, 1904 (October), p. 893.

1905. Further Note on Hyla andersonii and Rana virgatipes in New
Jersey. <L. c.,, XXXIX, 1905 (November), pp. 795-796.

In this account Hyla andersonit is said to be abundant at Lake-
hurst.

1906. Additional Observations on Hyla andersonii and Rana virgatipes in
New Jersey. <L. c., XLI, 1906 (January), pp. 49-51.

HENRY W. FOWLER.

1905. The Sphagnum Frog of New Jersey—Rana virgatipes Cope. <Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905 (September) [issued November 2nd], pp. 662-
664, Pl. 4o.

1906. Note on Muhlenberg’s Turtle. <American Naturalist, XL, 1906
(August), p. 596.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 35

Class Amphibia.
The Amphibians.

Coracoid element of scapular arch distinct and with quadrate
bone. Limbs consist of a single proximal element, 2 propodials
(sometimes united), a carpus and tarsus, metapodials and pha-
langes. Cartilage of basis-cranii unossified usually, and sup-
ported by parasphenoid. Vertebral column consisting entirely
or in part of intercentra. Stapes present. Cerebellum small.
Mesencephalon smaller than prosencephalon or hemispheres, and
latter with ventricles on inner side of their principal mass. Heart
with 3 chambers, 2 auricles and a ventricle. On each side of
heart 3 or 4 aorta bows. Lungs always present. Gall-bladder
and urinary-bladder present. Oviducts: entirely distinct, and
opening by fontanels into abdominal cavity at a distance from
ovaries. Reproductive, renal and digestive products discharged
into a cloaca. Male without distinct intromittant organ.

Cold-blooded vertebrates, intermediate between fishes and rep-
tiles. ‘They differ from fishes chiefly in the absence of rayed fins, °
the limbs being usually developed and functional with the skeletal
elements of the limbs of reptiles, and in the reduction or absence
of the various bones of the branchial, opercular and suspensory
systems. Amphibians have a more or less complete metamor-
phosis. The young, or tadpoles, are fish-like, more or less
aquatic, and breathing by means of external gills. These differ
from the gills of fishes in standing on fleshy processes of the
branchial bones, and not on the bones themselves. The tadpole’s
tail is provided with a more or less distinct fin-like membrane,
usually disappearing with age. Later lungs develop, and in most
cases the gills disappear. Skin mostly naked and moist, used to
some extent as an organ of respiration. Reproduction by means
of eggs, which are of comparative small size and without hard
shell. They are deposited in or about the water. Rarely are
the young born alive.

Key to the orders.
a. Body elongate, with tail always distinct; hind limbs not especially en-
larged. URODELA
aa. Body short, depressed; tail disappearing with age; hind limbs much en-
larged. SALIENTIA

{

30. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY ‘STATE MUSEUM:

Order URODELA.

The Salamanders.

Body naked, subterete. Our forms always with 4 limbs. Tail
persistent. Both jaws with teeth. No external gills in normal
adult. Eggs laid in water or on land, in former case attached
singly or in small numbers to leaves of aquatic plants, and in
latter case in little concavities beneath stones or bark.

The salamanders reach their greatest development in the tem-
perate regions of the New World, and are probably of consider-
able antiquity.

Key to the families.

a. TREMATODERA. Side of neck with a spiracle or rounded opening; no eye-
lids; teeth on front or outer edges of palatines. CrYPTOBRANCHIDA
aa. PseuposaurIA. Side of neck without spiracle; eyelids present; teeth on
posterior or inner edges of palatines.
b. Series of palatine teeth in transverse or posteriorly converging series,
inserted on posterior portion of vomer.
c. Vertebree amphiccelian, or double-concave.
d. Parasphenoid, behind vomer, without teeth; tongue large,
thick, with radiating folds, its margin little free; carpus and

tarsus ossified. AMBYSTOMATIDA
dd. Parasphenoid with teeth; tongue small, largely free; carpus
and tarsus cartilaginous. PLETHODONTID AS

cc. Vertebrz opisthoccelian, or concave behind only. pDESMOGNATHID#
bb. Series of palatine teeth 2 longitudinally, diverging behind, and in-
serted on inner margin of 2 palatine processes. PLEURODELIDA

Family CRYPTOBRANCHIDA.

The Giant Salamanders.

Body robust. Limbs well developed. An orifice on each side
of neck usually persistent throughout life. Tongue covering
floor of mouth. Vomerine teeth on anterior border, very strong.
Nostrils very small. No external gills. Toes 4-5. Vertebrz
amphiccelous, without anterior double hypopophysis. ‘Tail devel-
oped. Parietal and prefrontal bones embracing frontals and
meeting above orbits. Vestibule with internal wall membranous.
No ethmoid bone. Pterygoid bone present. Carpus and tarsus
cartilaginous.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 37
Largest of the salamanders, found in eastern Asia and the
United States.
Genus CryPTroBRANCHUS Leuckart.
The Hellbenders.

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Daudin).

IPRAiEr Te

Hellbender. Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Daudin).

as REPORT ‘OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM
Hellbender.

This is the largest of our salamanders, reaching a couple of
feet in length. It may be known by the fold of skin extending
along the side of the body and its blackish color. Though very
unprepossessing, it is harmless.

This is only known to me from within the limits of the state
by the record of Dr. C. C. Abbott. It may have escaped from
aquaria, as about 1860 quite an interest was taken in aquatic
life in Philadelphia. Many animals were brought from distant
localities, and in some instances were freed in the Delaware valley.
Its admittance to our fauna is, therefore, questionable. The
specific name as spelled above is exactly like that employed by
Daudin.

Menopoma alleghaniensis Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 477.

Family AMBYSTOMATIDE.
The Blunt Nosed Salamanders.

Tongue thick. No ethmoid. Palatine bones not prolonged
over parasphenoids, bearing teeth on their posterior margins.
Orbitosphenoid separated from prootic by membranous walls.
Internal wall of vestibule osseus. Vertebrze amphiccelous, Pre-
frontals and pterygoids present. Premaxillaries fully developed.
Parasphenoid without dentigerous plates. An otoglossal carti-
lage, only 1 first epibranchial, and second basibranchial isolated.
Carpus and tarsus ossified. Toes 4-5, not webbed.

Mostly with species of large size from North America, and
possibly one from Siam. ‘They are of particular interest among
the Urodela as furnishing connecting forms between the ordinary
types of the order and those larger species supposed to be more
characteristic of former periods of the earth’s history. The single
genus Ambystoma, represented by several species, within our
limits.

Genus AmBystoMa Tschudi.
The Blunt Nosed Salamanders.

Key to the species.

a. Costal grooves usually iit,
b. Body with gray cross-shades. OPACUM
bb. Body spotted, mostly with yellowish.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 39

c. Sole with a single distinct tubercle.
d. A dorsal groove; blackish above, with a series of yellow spots
on each side. PUNCTATUM
dd. No dorsal groove; lead-colored with inferior or lateral series,
and usually a superior series of small irregular yellowish-
gray spots. CONSPERSUM
cc. Sole with 2 distinct tubercles; dark bar on side of neck. BICOLOR

aa. Costal grooves usually 12.

e. Sole with 2 distinct tubercles; brown, with yellow spots

varying. 3 TIGRINUM
ee. One or no tubercles on sole; leaden to brown, and pale
spotted or not laterally. JEFFERSONIANUM

Ambystoma opacum (Gravenhorst).

PLATE 2.

Blotched Salamander. Ambystoma opacum (Gravenhorst).

Blotched Salamander. Marbled Salamander.

Head 544; depth 914; width of head 1% in its length from
snout to gular fold; length of mouth, or gape, 17g; interorbital
space, measured from eye-sockets, 324; width of mouth 1%;
snout 3%; fore limb about 1; hind limb 5% in total length of
body; tail 13% in rest of body. Body thick, cylindrical, with
swollen appearance. Surface all rounded, smooth and convex.
Trunk nearly cylindrical, though with depressed appearance. No
dorsal furrow. Costal grooves 11, including inguinal. Pelvic

40 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

grooves obsolete. Grooves on tail rather obsolete, mostly notice-
able below anteriorly, and others fading out behind. ‘Tail thick,
somewhat oval in cross-section with bulge above, surface smooth,
convex and without any indication of keel. Base of tail nearly
cylindrical, though lower surface becoming compressed towards
tip, which is pointed. Lateral groove on tail obsolete. Head
broad, flattened or depressed below, and convex above. Profile
rather obtuse in front. Snout twice as broad as long, projecting
a little beyond mandible, and broadly convex when viewed above.
Eye a little elongate, or ellipsoid, of moderate size, elevated, and
placed near first 24 in length of head. Eyelids fleshy and well
developed. Pupil circular. Mouth broad, its profile when viewed
from below similar to that of snout as seen from above. Lips
rather firm, little developed. A slight vertical constriction behind
angle of mouth made up of 2 vertical grooves, first close to rictus
and second or posterior just in front of shoulder, and these united
by a connecting horizontal groove on side. ‘Teeth minute, uni-
serial and numerous along edges of jaws. ‘Teeth on roof of
mouth forming 3 patches transversely of a single series each,
median much larger than each small lateral patch, which is
separated from either end by a decided interval, and somewhat
double-lunate in shape, with convexities facing down throat.
Lateral patch about %4 length of median. Tongue large, broadly
ellipsoid, fleshy, largely filling mouth, and surface finely plicated.
Interior nares just before each lateral patch of teeth on roof of
mouth. Exterior nostrils near front edge of snout, inconspicu-
ous, rather small, and space between about equal to bony inter-
orbital space. Both interorbital and internasal regions rather
evenly though slightly convex. Skin perfectly smooth, under a
lens showing minute simple pores everywhere, except to some
extent on lower surface. These pits or pores apparently connected
with glands. No regular patches of more conspicuous ones on
head and parotids. Fore limb inserted at first fifth of body, and
reaches */, of space to hind limb. Digits linear, rather elongately
conical, depressed basally, and without web or margin. ‘Third
finger longest, 3 in rest of arm, first and fourth shortest and
subequal. Hind limb inserted a little nearer tip of snout than
tip of tail, and reaching % to latter. Fourth toe longest, about

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 4!

2% in rest of leg, first shortest, and fifth a trifle shorter than
second. Soles of each foot with 2 small tubercles. Vent large,
longitudinal, just after hind legs on lower surface of trunk.
Color in alcohol faded muddy-brownish generally. An obsolete
dorsal series of transverse slightly paler or grayish ill-defined
bands, and on upper surface of tail broader and tinted ochraceous.
These blotches about 10 on head and trunk and 8 on tail. They
do not descend on lower or under surface of body. A similar
patch on snout. Iris brownish. Length 3 *%/,, inches. Cotype
of Salamandra fasciata Green. New Jersey [probably near
Princeton?]. Prof. Jacob Green.

The 4 other cotypes, with same data, also examined. One has a
double or forked tail for half the length of the series of caudal
vertebrze, and all the individuals are shorter in length than that
described. Other examples which I have examined were taken
at Hammonton (Charles Liebeck), Medford (J. S. Wills), and
Beesley’s Point (Samuel Ashmead). ‘They vary considerably
in color, the Hammonton example being more narrowly and
evenly striped than the others. The general color of its body
is a livid slaty-dusky with the pale transverse streaks pale
plumbeous-gray on the trunk, and becoming more or less brown-
ish. It is also the largest example, measuring 4*/,, inches. ‘The
example collected by Mr. Wm. J. Fox, and reported from Atlantic
City by Mr. Witmer Stone, came from Dacosta in Atlantic
County. The eggs are said to be laid'in the water and hatch in
late April or early May. The young develop rapidly, though
the larvee may be found as late as the early summer. The young
are dotted or spotted with white. When about 2 inches long,
they begin to show the usual coloration. When adult they are
said to burrow in dry places, as about stones in gravely or sandy
soil. ‘They appear to hibernate late in the fall. Dr. Abbott tells
me he found an example near Trenton, but believes it to be un-
common. Prof. Dahlgren found it in a stream near Princeton.

Ambystoma opacum Hallowell, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
(2) III, 1855-58 (January, 1858), p. 351.

Amblystoma opacum Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Cope,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 54, Pls. 19-21.—Sher-

42 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

wood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 27.—Stone,
Am, Nat., XI, 1906, p. 160.

Salamandra fasciata Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I,
pt. 2, 1818, p. 350.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 329.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 95
(copied).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IIT, 1838, p. 103, Pl. 25
(from Green).—Hobrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, V, 1842, p. 71, PI. 23.

Ambystoma punctatum (Linnzus).
PLATE 3.
Spotted Salamander.

This salamander has a broad body which is swollen and de-
pressed. Dorsal groove strong. Tail about 2% in length. Cos-

Spotted Salamander. Ambystoma punctatum (Linnezus).

tal grooves usually 11, sometimes 10. Skin punctate with small
pores which exude a milky fluid. Several clusters of enlarged
pores on head. ‘Tubercles on hands and feet indistinct. Color
in life black with a series of round yellow spots on each side of
back. Length about 6 inches.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 43

Known from within the limits of the state by Dr. Abbott’s
reference, and that of Mr. Sherwood, who found it at Fort Lee.
It is said to occur under logs and stones in clearings. ‘The eggs
are laid in large masses in April. At this time the adults seek
the swamps. I have no examples.

Spotted Salamander. Ambystoma punctatum (Linneus). (Development of
young. )

44 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Amblystoma punctatum Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—
Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 21.

Ambystoma conspersum Cope.

‘ PLATE 4.

Speckled Salamander.

Body slender, and tail shorter than head and trunk together,
or about 2% in length. No dorsal groove. Costal grooves
usually 11. Skin smooth. Soles of hands and feet without
distinct tubercles. Color in life leaden, with 1 or 2 series of
small yellowish spots along sides. Size small.

Known from within our limits by Dr. Abbott’s reference. Dr.

i 5 La, I,
oe a SY

Speckled Salamander. Ambystoma conspersum Cope.

Abbott tells me that he secured a single example of this species,
the basis of his reference, in the valley of a brook between Law-
rence and Trenton. ‘This, he says, was identified by Cope. I
have no examples.

Amblystoma consperswm Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.

Ambystoma bicolor Hallowell. °
IRATE 55
Ring Necked Salamander.

Head 6; depth 9%; width of head 1% in its length from
snout to gular fold; length of mouth, or gape, 14%; interorbital
space, measured from eye-sockets, 3%; width of mouth 1%;
snout 3%; fore limb about 1; hind limb barely more than length

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 45

of head; tail 1% in rest of body. Body stout, heavy, cylindrical,
and with little swollen appearance. Surface all rounded, smooth
and convex. Trunk rather cylindrical, depressed. —Costal
grooves 12, counting inguinal. Pelvic grooves obsolete. Grooves
on tail obsolete over most of its length. Tail rather long, deep,
compressed, somewhat ellipsoid in cross-section, surface smooth,
and without keel. Middle of back with a faint longitudinal
groove, and extending from occiput to tail above. Lateral groove
on tail obsolete. Head obtuse, broad, depressed both above and
below, arid edges above only largely convex. Profile rather ob-
tuse in front. Snout with length a trifle more than twice in
width, apparently about even with closed mandible, and broadly
and evenly convex when viewed above. Eye a little elongate or
ellipsoid, of moderate size, elevated, and placed near first 2 in
length of head. Eyelids fleshy and well developed. Pupil cir-
cular. Mouth broad, and when viewed from below similarly
convex to snout as seen from above. Lips rather firm, little de-
veloped. Vertical constriction behind angle of mouth obsolete,
and next, in front of shoulder, but little developed, though hori-
zontal connecting groove more distinct than either. A series
of minute teeth along edge of each jaw, numerous and even.
Palatine teeth in apparently a long narrow single transverse
band presenting a brush-like median appearance made up of a
pair of clusters, each of which is barely a fourth longer than
either distal cluster or series. Tongue large, disciform, rounded,
not emarginate behind, fleshy, largely filling mouth, and surface
finely plicate. Interior nares just before outer portion of each
end of palatine teeth. Exterior nostrils near front edge of snout,
inconspicuous, rather small, and space between a little less than
bony interorbital space. Internasal space a little convex. Inter-
orbital space barely convex, nearly flat or level. Skin perfectly
smooth, under a lens showing minute simple pores everywhere,
though obsolete and few on lower surface. These pits or pores
apparently connected with glands. No conspicuous large super-
orbital and lateral frontal pores apparent. Fore limb inserted
at first fifth of body, and reaches about 5¢ to hind limb. Digits

46 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM:

rather linear, not especially elongate, stout, conic, hardly de-
pressed basally, and without web or outer margin. ‘Third finger
longest, 3 in rest of arm, first shortest, and fourth a little shorter
than third. Hind limb inserted much nearer tip of snout than
tip of tail, and reaching 3 to latter. Fourth toe longest, about
3 in rest of leg, fifth shortest, and second a little shorter than
third. Soles of each foot with 2 well‘marked, though small,
tubercles. Vent large, longitudinal, and just after hind legs on
lower surface of trunk. Color in alcohol dull brownish, pores
on skin producing a paler or minutely pale-spotted or dotted
appearance on upper surface of body. Lower surface of body
pale, almost uniform dull brownish-white or creamy-whitish.
At present inferior rising of yellowish on side in small obsolete
blotches, also several ill-defined yellowish spots. Parotid region
dull creamy-yellow with a slightly darker brownish transverse
band, about width of iris, from behind rictus up and over to op-
posite side. Behind this another similar paler band from each
shoulder. Limbs brownish, paler on lower surfaces, and darker
cross-bands on upper surfaces hardly distinct. Tail pale creamy-
brownish with a few rather large brownish blotches rather irreg-
ularly distributed. Iris dusky-brown. Length 5% inches. Type
of Ambystoma bicolor Hallowell. Beesley’s Point. Samuel
Ashmead.

This is the only example I have seen. Hallowell states that
its color was “blackish above, sides with yellow, tail yellow, and
back marked and spotted.”’ Cope next states “color above, olive
brown, below yellowish, olive shaded in middle.” The only
other examples known seem to be those Cope noted, one from
the above or type locality, and Alabama. ‘The latter differ a
little, however.

Ambystoma bicolor Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
POG, Mei 215.

Amblystoma bicolor Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867,
p. 178 (type).—Cope, Bull U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 66
(type).—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 160 (type).

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 47

Ambystoma tigrinum (Green).
PLATE 6.

Tiger Salamander. ‘Tiger Triton.

Head 6; depth 8% ; width of head 1% in its length from snout
to gular fold; length of mouth, or gape, 134; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 31%; width of mouth 124; fore limb
about 1; hind limb a little more than head; tail 114 in rest of
body. Body stout, rather thick, of massive appearance. Surface

akore
4 eo

Tiger Salamander. Ambystoma tigrinum (Green).

all rounded, smooth and convex. Trunk swollen, large, slightly
depressed. Costal grooves 13, counting inguinal, and about 4
or 5 well-developed pelvic grooves. Scapular groove also evident.
Grooves on tail at first more or less evident but becoming obso-
lete posteriorly. Tail rather long, subquadrate at base, its width
at that point 44 its depth, immediately becomes oval in cross-
section with bulge above, and posteriorly more or less decidedly
compressed for a good space to its tip. ‘Tail with upper and
lower surfaces more or less keeled to tip, though about terminal
third of its length sharp both above and below. ‘Tip with an

48 - REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

obtuse point seen in profile. Lateral groove on tail not evident.
Back from nape till about opposite fifth costal groove with an
obsolete median keel, and after this to tail a well-developed
median longitudinal groove. Head proportionately small, ap-
parently a little less in width than that of body, obtuse, broad,
depressed especially below, and above more evenly convex. Pro-
file a little narrowly rounded in front. Snout with length a
trifle more than twice in its width, closed mandible apparently a
little included or inferior, and broadly and rather evenly convex
when viewed from above. Eye elongate, ellipsoid, rather small,
elevated, and placed near first % in length of head. Eyelids
* fleshy, and well developed. Pupil circular. Mouth broad, and
when viewed from below similarly convex to that of snout as
seen from above. Lips rather firm, little developed. Postrictal
transverse or vertical groove obsolete, or short, connected above
in front with an oblique groove extending to eye, and posterior
transverse groove just before shoulder very pronounced and
overlapping, and lateral annectant horizontal groove rather obso-
lete. Neck decidedly constricted so that parotid region is much
swollen, wider than skull, and about equal to space between tip of
snout and first postrictal transverse groove. ‘Teeth in jaws in a
single series, minute, numerous and even. Palatine teeth in
apparently a narrow long A-shaped single transverse band,
extending nearly across to either side of upper jaw, not inter-
rupted, and angle behind extending forward till about opposite
middle of internal nares. ‘Tongue large, fleshy, disciform,
rounded, plicate, and plicated surface slightly emarginated behind.
Internal nares placed about opposite each edge of interorbital
space measured from sockets, so that space between is about
same distance. Exterior nostrils near front edge of snout, incon-
spicuous, rather small, and space between about 1274 in bony
interorbital space. Internasal and interorbital regions a little
convex, though broad. Skin smooth, when removed seen every-
where closely covered with shallow pits interspersed with granule-
like projections of glands. Pores obsolete. Fore limb inserted
at first fifth in body, reaches */, to hind limb, and moderately
stout. Digits much depressed, not especially elongated, elon-
gately triangular, or tapering from a rather broad base to

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 49

hardened and somewhat horny tips, not webbed and each with
a somewhat obsolete keel along its edge. ‘Third finger longest,
4 in rest of arm, first and fourth subequal and shortest. Hind
limb inserted much nearer tip of snout than tip of tail, reaching
nearly 3 to latter, stout, thickened and short in proportion.
Fourth toe longest, about 3 in rest of leg, first shortest, and
second and fifth about equal or shorter than third. Soles of
each foot with 2 well-marked tubercules. Vent a moderate
longitudinal slit, just after hind legs on lower surface of trunk.
Color in alcohol dull muddy-brown above, a trifle paler on sides,
and becoming dull pale creamy-brown on under or lower surface.
Back and head above, also side, which are formed of transitory
mottlings of lower surface, finely though rather sparsely spotted
with dull creamy-brownish. On tail these spots become still less
numerous and larger, and on costal region, as mentioned, they
form a mottled appearance. Mandible pale. Upper surfaces of
limbs brownish like back, similarly spotted or speckled, and lower
surface pale like belly and unspotted. Iris deep brownish.
Length 614 inches. Beesley’s Point. Dr. G. H. Horn.

Color in life blackish-brown. Upper surface of head dull
olivaceous-brown. Blotches irregularly down median dorsal line
same color on flanks, on side of tail they become paler, brighter
or a dull yellowish-olive, and on under surface of an altogether
more yellowish tint. ‘They rise on sides as a close series. Under
surface of head yellowish. Breast and median line of belly
blotched with yellowish. Feet and legs with large blotches of
yellowish. Iris slaty-dusky. Soles of feet dull brownish or
dusky. Length 75¢ inches. Mullica Township, Atlantic County.
November 14th, 1905. Stephen Milstead, Sr.

I also have other examples from Beesley’s Point (Samuel
Ashmead), and 1 without definite locality (Dr. J. E. Holbrook).
This material shows considerable variation in color, especially
with reference to the spots. They all show the pale spots larger
than in that first described, most numerous or crowded on the
sides, and varying in size. The largest example is 9% inches
long. ‘This species is of great interest on account of its meta-
morphosis, the branchiferous axalotls of Mexico if not be-

4 MU

50 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

lieved to be same are at least very closely related. ‘They have
been seen to complete their metamorphosis, and can breed while
still branchiferous, though the persistance in that stage for any
great length of time is probably due to their forced aquatic sur-
roundings. ‘They are said to complete their metamorphosis at
times in late summer and then take up terrestrial life, hiding in
holes, etc., from which they emerge frequently after rains. Cope
states that New Jersey examples are almost always more fully
developed than western ones, and suggests that it may be due
to the former district being warmer than the latter. In captivity
they have been found to feed on small frogs. Dr. Abbott tells
me he once saw a single example at Princeton along the edge of
a brook.

Salamandra tigrina Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1825, p. 116.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 328 (evidently reference).—Harlan, Med. Phys.
Res., 1835, p. 93 (copied).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838,
PelOG srl 25;

Triton tigrinus Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, V, 1842, p. 79, Pl. 26.

Ambystoma tigrinum Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1856, p. 7—Baird, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2)
III, 1855-58 (January, 1858), p. 350.

Amblystoma tigrinum Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1867, p. 179.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Nat.
Rambles, 1885, p. 477.—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,. No. 34,
1889, p. 68, Pl. 25, fig. 7—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1894-95, No. 7, p. 28.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 160.

Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green).
IBTGATE 072

Jefferson’s Salamander.

Body slender, and fore limb not reaching hind limb when
appressed. Costal grooves usually 12. Head small. Eyes far
back. Palms of hands and soles of feet with or without an in-
distinct tubercle. Color in life olive-brown or blackish, usually

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 51

with pale or bluish spots, though sometimes uniform plumbeous.
Length as much as 8 inches. Variable.

x

Jefferson’s Salamander. Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green).

Recorded by Dr. Abbott. I have no examples.
Amblystoma jeffersomanum Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.

Family PLETHODONTID&.
The Red Backed Salamanders.

Vertebrze amphiccelous, simple below. Ethmoid wanting. No
pterygoid. Carpus and tarsus cartilaginous. Vomero-palatine
bones not produced posteriorly over parasphenoid, and dentiger-
ous plates on latter. Ceratohyal undivided, articulating directly
with quadrate bone or cartilage. No otohyal. Only 1, or first
basibranchial, in adults, and second basibranchial not connected
with first: Stapes not connected with quadrate by cartilage in
adults. Vestibule with inner wall osseus.

The species of this natural and well-defined family are all,
with one exception, American, Many are of small size, some very
small, and others are handsomely colored. All are distinguished
for their power of projecting the tongue, sometimes for a dis-
tance equal to half the entire length of the animal.

52 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Key to the genera.

a, PLETHODONTIN#. ‘Tongue attached by a band extending from its central
or posterior pedicel to the anterior margin.

b. Toes 4—4. HEMIDACTYLIUM

bb. Toes 4—5. PLETHODON
aa. SPELERPIN#. ‘Tongue free all around, attached by its central pedicel only.
c. Two premaxillary bones, with fontanel. GYRINOPHILUS

cc. One premaxillary bone, with fontanel. SPELERPES

Genus Hremipactyiium Bonaparte.

The Four Toed Salamanders.

Hemidactylium scutatum Tschudi.

PLATE 8.

Four Toed Salamander. Hemidactylium scutatum Tschudi.

Four Toed Salamander.

Head 714; depth about 14%4; width of head about 13% in its
length from snout to gular fold; length of mouth, or gape, about
1°/,; interorbital space, measured from eye-sockets, about 3%;
width of mouth 124; fore limb about 1%; hind limb about 1%;
head and trunk about 1% in tail. Body rather robust, elongate,
more or less depressed below anteriorly, and rounded convexly
above. Surface all rounded, smooth and convex. Trunk not
swollen, convex above, and somewhat depressed below. Costal
grooves 13, counting axillary and inguinal, well-marked, and
more or less continued over abdomen. At an acute angle pro-
ceeding backwards from dorsal line are grooves corresponding
in number and uniting with lines directed at less acute angle from
upper ends of costal grooves. A rather obsolete longitudinal

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. Ga

keel marks upper boundry of costal grooves on each side and
outline of back. Grooves on tail conspicuous, first extending
across lower surface, only becoming obsolete towards tip, and
about 30 distinct. Longitudinal keel along side of back, only
distinct on tail above anteriorly. ‘Tail long, compressed with
constriction below so that it is oval in cross-section most of its
length, and swelling a little from base where slightly constricted
all around. Upper edge of tail with a low keel only on its ter-
minal 24, while below its entire edge furnished with a median
keel just after vent. ‘Tail with a rather slender tip, as seen in
profile. A median groove extends down back from occiput till
opposite origins of hind limbs, and at former point it bifurcates,
sending a branch to each eye. Head rather small, broad as
wide, if not a trifle wider than greatest width of body, very
obtuse, and depressed both above and below. Profile blunt and
obtuse, angle forming nearly midway in its depth. Snout with
length a trifle more than twice in its width, projecting well
beyond closed mandible, and broadly convex when viewed from
above. Eye elongate, ellipsoid, small, and placed near first third
in length of head. Eyelids fleshy and moderately developed.
Pupil circular. Mouth broad, and when viewed from below seen
to be more evenly convex than blunt profile of snout or upper
jaw. On each side of upper jaw, when seen from below, fleshy
edge bulging out. Lips firm, little developed. VPostrictal trans-
verse or vertical groove obsolete, developed as a slight bifurca-
tion at branch from lower postocular groove. Following,
another similar transverse groove crossing over lower postocular
groove and uniting at junction of upper ocular grooves at occiput.
A short space behind this still another, also crossing lower post-
ocular groove to median dorsal groove. ‘Then gular groove,
which is continued all around on sides and lower surface, and
there overlapping. Neck decidedly constricted behind so that
parotid region is much swollen, at least equal to width of skull.
Teeth in jaws in a single even series, small, and not especially
numerous. Palatine teeth minute, arranged in 2 small patches
convergent backwards, though separated. ‘Tongue moderately
large, somewhat heart-shaped or with slight emargination pos-
teriorly at end of plicated surface. Each of internal nares a little

54 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

in advance of end of outer portion of palatine patch of teeth,
and falling a little nearer each other than bony space across
interorbital width. Exterior nostrils near front edge of snout,
and a trifle closer together than bony interorbital space. Inter-
nasal space convex, and interorbital space flattened or level. Skin
beautifully granulated or corrugated, though rather smoothly
so, and not rough to touch. Pores obsolete. Fore limb inserted
at first sixth in body, reaches half way to hind limb, and rather
small. Digits rather depressed, short, of more or less similar
even width, not webbed and without keels, surfaces convex.
Third finger longest, about 6 in rest of arm, and first and fourth
subequal and very short. Hind limb inserted near first 7% in
length of body, and reaching about 5% in tail to its tip. Third
toe longest, nearly 5 in rest of leg, first shortest, and fourth much
shorter than second. Vent a longitudinal slit just after hind
legs on lower surface of tail. Color in alcohol back and upper
surface generally rather dull brown, and upper surface of head
and tail generally a little darker than that of tail, which 1s
ochraceous tinted. Lower surface of body pale creamy-white,
which color extends all way from snout to tip of tail. Snout
above, and around edges creamy-brown, dotted minutely with
dusky. ‘Top of head, back, and tail above, all with some rather
obscure scattered specks or small irregular spots of dusky. From
postocular region along each side of trunk and tail, a slightly
paler tint than general dorsal color, though annectant below a
darker color. This darker color made up of a rather regular
series of irregularly distributed dusky spots, usually 1 in or at
each costal groove. On corresponding lower edge of body, from
breast along below limbs out towards end of tail, a series of deep
dusky or blackish spots. Just above these, a narrow pale or
grayish area. Median line of belly and lower surface of head
with similarly pronounced blackish spots. Several blackish spots
from below eye back to shoulder. Upper surfaces of limbs
brownish like belly, though specked with darker, and forming
3 or 4 irregular transverse bands or bars. Under surface of limbs
creamy basally, but becoming brownish on outer portions. Iris
slaty, eyelids speckled brownish. Length 2%4 inches. Swartz-
wood Lake, Warren County. October, 1895. Samuel N.
Rhoads.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 55

Also 4 others, all smaller, with same data. ‘This little sala-
mander is found in the northern or upland portions of our state,
and is entirely terrestrial. The only examples I have seen were
those taken by Mr. S. N. Rhoads. They were found under logs.
Dr. Dahlgren tells me this species was very common in the vicin-
ity of Princeton, and that he has secured as many as 50 indi-
viduals.

Hemidactylium scutatum Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1895-96, No. 7, p. 30.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 160.

Genus PLETHODON Bonaparte.
The Slimy Salamanders.

Key to the species.

a. Form slender; vomerine teeth not extending beyond nares externally;
costal grooves 16 to 19; tail cylindrical; limbs weak; inner toes rudi-
mental; belly brown marbled; above plumbeous or with a red longi-
tudinal band. ERYTHRONOTUS

aa. Form stout; vomerine teeth extending outside of inner nares; costal
grooves 14; tail rounded; limbs short, stout; inner toes distinct; black,
usually with gray lateral blotches and smaller dorsal spots. GLUTINOSUS

Plethodon erythronotus (Green).
PLATE 9.

Red Backed Salamander. Dapple Salamander.
Gray Salamander.

(|

Red Backed Salamander. Plethodon erythronotus (Green).

Head 9%; depth 14; width of head 1% in its length from
snout to gular fold; length of mouth 14; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 5; width of mouth 134; fore limb
about 114; hind limb a trifle more than head; head and trunk
a trifle more than tail measured from just behind vent. Body

+36 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

elongate, slender and cylindrical. Surface all rounded, smooth,
and especially convex. ‘Trunk not especially swollen, though
largely cylindrical. Costal grooves 19, counting axillary and
inguinal. About 4 pelvic grooves. No scapular groove between
gular fold and axillary groove. About 36 grooves on side of
tail, most distinct towards base and obsolete towards tip.
Grooves also more or less obsolete or fading out altogether on
middle areas of back and abdomen. No keel along upper side of
body. None of grooves on tail joined to their fellows on its
lower surface. No distinct groove longitudinally on entire upper
surface or lower surface, tail being perfectly convex. Tail cylin-
drical in cross-section, only very slightly compressed towards its
tip, which is slenderly acuminate. Head rather small, broad,
depressed both above and below, its width about equal to great-
est of body, obtuse in profile and its angle forming a little low in
depth. Snout about twice as broad as long, projecting much
beyond closed mandible, and broadly convex when viewed from
above. Eye a little elongate, ellipsoid, well elevated, small, and
placed near first third in length of head. Eyelids fleshy and well
developed. Pupil circular. Mouth broad, and when viewed from
below seen to be more evenly convex than broader upper pro-
jecting edge of snout or upper jaw. Lips thin, little developed,
and firm. Postrictal transverse or vertical groove obsolete. A
similar second postrictal transverse groove between it and gular
fold, which follows. Gular groove or fold well developed, not
passing over nape, though overlapping on neck below. From
eye to shoulder a slight ridge extends back and joins all grooves
in course mentioned. Neck a little constricted, though parotid
region not quite swollen to width of skull. Teeth in jaws in a
single even series, small and not especially numerous. Palatine
teeth minute, arranged in 2 small patches convergent backwards,
though separated. ‘Tongue large, rounded, though a little longer
than deep, and with spongy plicated surface. Internal nares
would fall within bony interorbital space, and each not far from
middle of length of each band of palatine teeth. Exterior nos-
trils close along front edge of snout, and also falling within limits
of bony interorbital width. Internasal space convex, and inter-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 57,

orbital space flat or level. Skin smooth to touch, pitted with
minute pores, imbedded and most numerously developed above
over most all of its surface, though below they become obsolete.
No external pores, or if present obsolete. Fore limb inserted
about first 2/,, in body, reaches 34% to hind limb, small and
weak. Digits small, depressed, rather broad, short, with tips
rounded, and without webs or keels. Third finger longest, about
6 in rest of arm, first shortest and obsolete, and fourth a little
shorter than third. Hind limb inserted about first */, in body,
and reaching about 5% in tail to its tip. Third toe longest, about
4 in rest of leg, first shortest and obsolete, fifth a little shorter
than second, and fourth a trifle longer than second. Vent a
rather short longitudinal slit just after hind legs on lower sur-
face of tail. Color in alcohol generally faded dull muddy-brown,
entire back till level with a line drawn along each side from eye
to tip of tail paler than sides, which are soiled slightly with
darker. ‘This darker lateral color equally apparent on sides of
head, neck and tail, and though somewhat darker and more pro-
nounced on its upper area for a large part, persists below as more
or less soiled specks over most all of under regions. ‘Tail also
darker on sides and under surface, medianly paler. Limbs
darker above and paler beneath, also speckled with a slightly
darker tint. Iris slaty-brownish. Length 3% inches. Cotype
of Salamandra erythronota Green. New Jersey [probably near
_ Princeton?]. Prof. Jacob Green.

Also 11 other cotypes, among which are some cotypes of Sala-
mandra cinerea Green, with same data. These examples have all
been in alcohol for many years, and though their color has all
more or less faded some of the pattern is still evident. The very
pale-backed example may have been Green’s type of erythronota
while the darker-backed ones may more properly be referred to
cinerea. In order to determine the respective cotypes of these 2
nominal species the original diagnosis of Green is found to be very
unsatisfactory. He states under erythronota that the tail is rather
shorter than the body, and though some of the examples have it
so they are certainly similar in all other respects to those which
would be likely to be cinerea. It may also be noted in this con-

38. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

nection that erythronota has priority over cinerea by right of
sequence on the same page, and therefore is adopted here.

This little salamander is entirely terrestrial in its mode of liv-
ing, and is said never to occur in water, even in tis larval life.
The eggs are laid in a little cluster in some damp place, usually
beneath a stone. When first hatched the young have branchiz
which soon disappear, and when found in this young stage appear
quite developed. In the high dry mountains, and most always
away from streams and water, these animals live. They occur
under bark, logs, leaves and more frequently stones. I have
sometimes, though rarely, found them in open places, usually in
woodland, especially along the slopes of hills or mountains.
They are somewhat variable in color, especially the back, which
varies from a dark liver-brown to light reddish, and which may
be shaded with rose-color to yellowish. It does not appear to me
to be so abundant as the Desmognathus fusca, or dusky sala-
mander, which also ranges into the same territories. From, this
latter variable species, with which it may be confounded, I find
a good character to distinguish the latter in the whitish or light
streak sloping down posteriorly from the eye. This, Plethodon
erythronotus never has. ‘The food consists of insects and their
larve, which are captured by means of its flat projectile tongue.
I have examined a number of examples collected by Mr. S. N.
Rhoads in Sussex County during October of 1896, others from
Swartzwood Lake and Cedar Lake during October of 1895, and
Alpine in Bergen County. In the latter district it is also known
from about Ridgewood. Some very small examples have broad
heads and bright or light brick-red backs.

Color in life of adult, above livid dusky everywhere, sprinkled
with obscure grayish mottlings. An indistinct median warm
brown tinge, more reddish on pelvic region, and fading out into
greenish-gray on tail. Lower surface of head translucent brown-
ish, and rest of body grayish. Feet translucent brownish, also
tail below. Iris dusky. This example from under a log near
Kinkora, Burlington County, in October, 1906. Found abun-
dantly under logs and sticks along the banks of Kinkora Creek
and south-east of Bordentown. Many examples were com-
pletely intergrading from the red-backed to the liver-colored

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 59

forms, all about this locality, very often both under the same log.
They were not especially active and would twist in serpentine
contortions when taken in the hand. Although secreting a slime
it was not so powerful as that of Plethodon glutinosus, About
Trenton Dr, Abbott finds it in dry woods, away from water,
under stones, logs, etc. He has met with it in early spring. Mr.
S. H. Hamilton secured it near Mantua early in April of 1906.
Mr. Witmer Stone claims that in his experience that this species
and Plethodon glutinosus are nowhere equally abundant, one or
the other always predominating. I have on different occasions
found or seen several specimens, some of the present species
being positively identified, and therefore not to be confused with
Desmognathus fusca, in the same localities frequented by Ple-
thodon glutinosus. ‘This would however seem rather exceptional.

Salamandra erythronota Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
I, pt. 2, 1818, p. 356.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila.,
V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 329.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 95.—
Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p. 113, Pl. 27 (ref. infers).

Plethodon erythronotus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.

Salamandra cinerea Green, |, c—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 330.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res.,
1835, P. 95.

Plethodon cinereus Abbott, 1. c—Stone, Am. Nat., XI, 1906,
pa 160.. >

Plethodon cinereus erythronotus Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 31.

Plethodon cinereus cinereus Sherwood, 1. c.

Plethodon glutinosus (Green).
PLATE 10.

Sticky Salamander. Slimy Salamander. Blue Spotted Sala-
mander.

Head 634; depth 1314; width of head 134 in its length from
snout to gular fold; length of mouth 2; interorbital space, meas-
ured from eye-sockets, 414.; width of mouth 134; fore limb about

_60 REPORT OF NEW, JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

11/,); hind limb a trifle more than head; tail measured from just
behind vent, 1% in rest of body. Body slightly depressed,
moderately slender and cylindrical generally. Surface rounded,
smooth and convex. Trunk not swollen, rather evenly cylin-
drical. Costal grooves distinct on sides, interrupted on back
and belly, and 16 in number including 1 axillary and other at
eroin. No distinct grooves on pelvic region, and anteriorly on
sides of tail traces of rather obsolete ones. No scapular groove
between gular fold and axillary groove. No. keel along side of
body either above or below. A very shallow obsolete furrow
along median line ot back, but not on tail above or below. Tail
cylindrical, becoming somewhat cylindrico-quadrate basally and
compressed towards tip, which is slenderly acuminate with well
convex edges. Head large, broader than greatest width of body,
depressed both above and below, greatest width about posterior

Sticky Salamander. Plethodon glutinosus (Green).

edges of eyes, and obtuse in profile with its angle forming about
midway in depth. After eyes sides converging towards neck,
which has a somewhat constricted appearance as seen from above.
Snout twice as broad as long, projecting much beyond closed
mandible, and rather bluntly convex as viewed from above. Eye
a little ellipsoid, well elevated, small, and placed about first third
in head. Eyelids fleshy and well developed. Pupil circular.
Mouth broad, and when viewed from below seen to be more
evenly bent or convex than edge of upper jaw. Lips thin, hard
or firm, and upper sloping inferiorly with bevelled surface. Post-
rictal transverse groove distinct, joining postocular groove which
continues posteriorly, and unites with gular fold on side of neck.
Gular fold well developed. Parotid region not especially swollen.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 61

Teeth in jaws minute, uniserial, even and numerous. Palatine
teeth minute, arranged in 2 small convergent patches directed
backwards, though distinctly separated. Tongue large, oval,
longer than broad, fleshy, becoming thin marginally, where it is
free, and its surface densely plicated or papillose. Papillose sur-
face with its area emarginated behind. Internal nares would
fall just within bony area of interorbital space as seen from
above, and each placed just before outer extremity of each patch
of palatine teeth. External nostrils close along front edge of
snout, and placed a little outside of least bony width of inter-
orbital space. Internasal space convex, and interorbital space
flattened. Skin perfectly smooth to touch, closely lined every-
where with short perpendicular glands secreting a milky juice,
largest on upper surface of tail, and more scattered on belly.
When mucous is removed skin seen to be closely covered with
shallow pits. No large pores in patches on head. Fore limb
inserted about first ?/,, in body, reaches half way to hind limb,
and moderately developed. Digits short, depressed, broad,
rather linear, slightly swollen into knobs at end, and without
keels or disks. A short thick membrane connects basal joints
leaving 214 phalanges free of fingers, and 3 of longer toes.
Third finger longest, about 3 in rest of arm, first shortest, and
second longer than fourth. Hind limb inserted about first °/,,
in body and reaching 3 in space to tip of tail. Third toe longest,
about 4°in rest of leg, fourth but a trifle shorter, first shortest
and fifth a little shorter than second. Vent a longitudinal slit
just behind hind limbs on lower surface of trunk. Color in
alcohol livid slaty-black, upper surface and sides marked with
well-defined grayish specks, and most numerous on latter, especi-
ally below. ‘They have a silvered or glittering appearance like
torn foil. Under surface of body soiled brownish-white. Lower
surface of tail pale slaty. Feet pale brownish. Iris slaty. Length
27% inches. Swartzwood Lake, Warren County. Samuel N.
Rhoads.

Also 2 others with same data. ‘This species appears to vary
but little, though sometimes the back is apparently destitute of
spots. It is found chiefly among rocks, logs, leaves, etc., in the
upland or mountain forests. It is also entirely terrestrial in its

62 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

habits. It is remarkable for the viscous or powerful sticky secre-
tion which it exudes, and after one is taken in the hands this
is not easily cleansed. ‘The only examples which I have examined
from within our limits are those mentioned above. It may be
more abundant in the northern region of the state, and overlooked
on account of its retiring habits.

Salamandra glutinosa Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
I, pt. 1, 1818, p. 357..-Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Ve pee2, $1027, (p:°330:

Plethodon glutinosus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.—Cope,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 139, Pls. 26 & 31 fig. 6,
35 fig. 2, 40 fig. 4, 45 fig. 5, 48 fig. 14.—Sherwood, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 32.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906,
pe TOL:

Genus GyRINOPHILUS Cope.
The Purple Salamanders.
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Green).
PLATE ITI.

Purple Salamander. Porphyritic Salamander.

Costal grooves 14. Head broad. Tail rounded at base, not
finned. Color in life yellowish, flesh-colored or purplish-brown

Purple Salamander. Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Green).

above, and irregularly speckled with gray or brownish. Length
6 inches.

Although Dr. Abbott states he has met with this species about
Trenton, and that it occurs in central New Jersey, it is mere
likely to be found in the northern or mountainous regions of the
State. I have never seen any New Jersey examples. Cope states

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 63

that it is the only one of our eastern salamanders which attempts
self-defence as it snaps fiercely, but harmlessly, and throws its
body into contortions. This is not altogether true as I have seen
Plethodon glutinosus attempt to bite a little when captured in
the hand.

Gryinophilus porphyriticus Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p.
477-

Pseudotriton salmonea Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.

Genus SPELERPES Rafinesque.
The Long Tailed Salamanders.
Key to the species.

a. Vomerine teeth not continued posteriorly to parasphenoid patches, nor
exteriorly beyond nares; costal grooves 13 or I4.

b. Tail short, or about equal to rest of body. BISLINEATUS

bb. Tail long, or about 1% to twice as long as rest of body. LONGICAUDA

aa. Vomerine teeth in a continuous series posteriorly with those on

parasphenoid, and originating behind nares; costal grooves 15 or 16. RUBER

Spelerpes bislineatus (Green).
PLATE 12,

Two Lined Salamander.

Head 8; depth 17%4; width of head 13% in its length from tip
of snout to gular fold; length of mouth 2%; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 5; width of mouth 2; fore limb
about 1144; hind limb a trifle more than head; tail measured
from just behind vent about once and width of mouth in length
of head and trunk. Body somewhat depressed above and below,
slender, elongated, and otherwise more or less cylindrical with
convex edges. Surface rounded, smooth and convex. Trunk
not swollen, slender, hardly constricted either in front or behind.
Costal grooves not especially pronounced, rather obscure on upper

64 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and lower surfaces, or interrupted, and 16 in number including
I at axilla and other at groin. Grooves obsolete or absent from
pelvic region. Grooves on tail obsolete, those on front or anterior
of sides most pronounced. No scapular groove. Gular fold well
developed and sloping obliquely forward on neck below. A shal-
low median groove along middle of back. Edge of back hardly
forming a superior keel along each side of caudal. ‘Tail rather
compressed, so that transverse section would appear somewhat
ovoid, with bulge above towards base. Edge of tail along most
of its upper extent with a low keel to tip, and below a similar one
most of its distal length. Tail slender, tapering and acuminate.
Head large, broader than greatest width of body, depressed both
above and below, and greatest width just behind eye. Parotid
region hardly swollen. In profile snout obtuse, and angle forming
a little superior in depth of head. Snout twice as broad as long,

ce wt

Two Lined Salamander. Spelerpes bislineatus (Green).

projecting much beyond closed mandible, and edge decidedly blunt
in its convexity as viewed from above. Eye a little ellipsoid or
elongated, not especially elevated, rather small, and placed about
first third in length of head. Eyelids rather thin, though well de-
veloped. Pupil circular. Mouth broad, and when viewed from be-
low seen to be more evenly convex than edge of upper jaw. Lips
thin, rather hard and firm, their surfaces apparently convex. A
single series of small or minute even teeth in jaws. Palatine teeth
minute, in 2 small convergent patches directed backwards, though
separated, and not annectant with parasphenoid patches. ‘Tongue
moderately large, rather heart-shaped with posterior emargina-
tion not very deep but shallow, becoming free marginally, and
its surface finely papillose. Internal nares placed in front of
outer ends of palatine patches of teeth, and distance from one
another equal to bony interorbital space. External nostrils rather

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 65

high along front edge of snout, as far apart as bony interorbital
space. Internasal space convex, and interorbital space flat or level.
Skin smooth to touch and without evident pores or pits. Fore limb
inserted about first 7/,, in length of body, reaches 234 to origin
of hind limb, and rather small. Digits short, depressed or slightly
flattened, not webbed or keeled, and ending in little knobs which
are not disk-like. Third finger longest, about 414 in rest of arm,
first shortest, and fourth longer than second. Hind limb inserted
near first % in body and reaching 434 to tip of tail. Third hind
toe longest, about 4 in rest of leg, first shortest, and fifth a little
shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth. Vent close
behind hind limbs on lower surface of body. Color in alcohol
plain pale brownish, lower surface scarcely paler than back.
Along each side of back from behind eye a dull brownish streak,
in some places slightly interrupted. Back more or less finely
mottled or specked obscurely with brownish, which is scarcely
darker than its own general tint. Sides of tail above also tinted
with brown. Upper surfaces of limbs obscurely brownish mot-
tled, below pale like belly. Iris slaty. Length 3°/,, inches.
Cotype of Salamandra bislineata Green. New Jersey [probably
near Princeton?]. Prof. Jacob Green.

Also 3 other cotypes. Besides these I have examined a num-
ber of examples from White Pond and Swartzwood Lake
(Samuel N. Rhoads), and others from Atlantic City in 1894
(E. D. Cope). Also larvee, probably this species, taken in Morris
County (F. Canefield). Considerable variation is seen in the col-
oring of this species, some examples having the back nearly uni-
form over its pale area, save the median pale dusky streak which
is obsolete in some, and others with the entire back densely and
conspicuously punctuate. Again the punctuations will exhibit
a still more contrasted appearance as they are pale in some
examples, with blackish or dusky annectant reticulations. The
length of the tail is also seen to vary some so that the apparently
nominal species Salamandra haldemani Holbrook has been
thought by Cope to be identical. This is further suggested by
the coloration, though it may equally be referred to the Desmog-
nathus ochrophea Cope, which I believe to be a variation or stage

5 MU

-66 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

of D. fusca, From the ochrophea stage of the latter it may be
distinguished, as already pointed out by Cope, and as I have
further suggested in comparison with Plethodon erythronotus,
by the absence of a broad light dark-edged oblique streak pass-
ing down from the eye posteriorly behind gape. From both of
these salamanders bislineatus is seen to be more slender, with a
longer slender tail, and the belly yellow. ‘This species is perhaps
most always found in the upland country of the state. It is
largely aquatic in its habits and is frequently to be found about
springs, brooks or other clear cold waters, usually under wet
stones. It is only to be found, however, in the shallow waters,
and not in deep pools. Frequently one will find all stages of Des-
mognathus fusca, some with backs as red as some of Plethodon
erythronotus, and Spelerpes ruber, all in the same locality, though
S. bislineatus in my experience is usually the least abundant. Mr.
Witmer Stone states that it is rather common. In my experience
it is fairly frequent in some localities. It is very active,
scampering or wriggling away with great energy. Its meta-
morphosis is prolonged, sometimes remaining in the larval
state till nearly grown. Dr. Abbott found it about Trenton.

Salamandra bislineata Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I,
per2i TS19,“p: 352:

Salamandra bis-lineata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Ne ph 201827, pi es2.

Salamandra bilineata Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., H, 1838, p.
127, Pl. 29.—Holbrook, 1. c, Ed’ 2, V, 1842, p. 55, PI. 16.

Spelerpes bilineatus Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-5,
No. 7, p. 31.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 161.

Salamandra flavissima Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 97.

Spelerpes longicauda (Green).
PLATE 13.

Long Tailed Salamander.

Head 9%; depth 19%; width of head 17 in its length from
tip of snout to gular fold; length of mouth 2; interorbital space,

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 67

measured from eye-sockets, 5; width of mouth 17%; fore limb
a little more than head, though not quite equal to its length when
measured to posterior bifurcation of gular fold; hind limb 8 in
entire length of body; head and trunk 1% in tail, latter measured
from just after vent to tip. Body depressed both above and be-
low, especially elongated and slender. In form more or less
cylindrical, with rounded or convex edges. Trunk not swollen,
rather slender. Costal grooves 14, counting 1 at axilla and an-
other at groin. Posterior or inguinal really a bifurcation of
thirteenth groove. Grooves absent from pelvic region, and only
a few traces of obsolete ones near base of caudal along its sides.
Scapular groove really a posterior bifurcation of gular fold, and
in turn sending bifurcation to shoulder or axillary groove. Gular
fold well developed and sloping somewhat forward on neck be-
low. On back above a slight median groove from occiput to base
of tail, and lateral or costal grooves widely separated from it on

Long Tailed Salamander. Spelerpes longicauda (Green).

each side by smooth convex area of back, which is not in any
way keeled. Belly and lower surface also smooth, costal grooves
in no way encroaching. ‘Tail very long, slender, ending in a long
acuminate point, compressed, and both upper and lower edges
convex, not keeled. In transverse section tail would be more or
less entirely ellipsoid. Head large, broader than greatest width
of body, depressed both above and below, and greatest width
opposite posterior portions of eye, parotid region not swollen.
In profile obtuse, and angle forming a little superior in depth of
head. Snout broad, a little more than twice as broad as long,
projecting much beyond closed mandible, and its edge evenly con-
vex as viewed from above. Eye a little ellipsoid or elongated,
not especially elevated, rather small and placed near first third

68 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

in head. Eyelids rather thin, though well developed. Pupil cir-
cular. Mouth broad, and when viewed below its convexity a
little more constricted than that of edge of upper jaw. Lips thin,
hard and firm. Upper lip with a slight swelling on each side,
giving a broadly convex or somewhat bevelled appearance to
front view, and a concavity to lateral outline which posteriorly
becomes convex. Also a slight emargination of mandible on each
side to fit in. Each jaw with apparently a single series, or very
narrow if in more than 1, of small conspicuous uneven teeth.
Palatine teeth minute, in 2 small slightly elongated patches con-
vergent towards parasphenoid patches, though separated. Tongue
orbicular or barely longer than wide, finely papillose, and with
free edges not especially thin. Internal nares placed in front and
a little outside of outer ends of palatine patches of teeth, and dis-
tant from one another not quite width of bony interorbital space
above. External nostrils rather high along front edge of snout,
and a trifle further apart than width of bony interorbital space.
Internasal space convex, and interorbital space, like most of head
above, flattened. Skin smooth to touch. Under a lens every-
where shallow pits are seen and closely agglomerated granules,
ends of glands, which may secrete a milky juice. Pores if present
obsolete. Fore limb inserted about first ?/,; in length of body,
reaches half way to origin of hind limb, and moderately devel-
oped. Digits narrow, linear, lengthened, depressed basally and
otherwise more or less cylindrical with slight bulbs at tips which
are not disk-like. Also no webs or keels to digits. Third finger
longest, about 3% in rest of arm, first shortest, and fourth a little
shorter or subequal with second. Hind limb inserted about first
third in length of body, and reaches 5 times in space to tip of
tail. Third toe longest, 3 in rest of leg, first shortest, second
shorter than fifth, which is shorter than fourth. Soles of feet
without tubercles. Vent a short longitudinal slit close behind
insertion of hind legs. Color in alcohol pale clay-brown, lower
surface its entire extent lighter than upper. Back and sides irreg-
ularly sprinkled with clear well-defined black spots resembling
grains of rather coarse gunpowder. Along side of body they
are more thickly crowded, and along sides of tail become more

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 69

or less confluent to form more or less short vertical streaks,
mostly convex forwards. Along sides of trunk and neck, upper
series of spots longitudinally is distinctly made up of larger ones.
Median line of tail below, belly, lower surfaces of limbs, throat,
chin, snout and top of head above, immaculate. Upper surfaces
of limbs covered with many small black spots. Iris slaty, pupil
pale. Length 434 inches. This example secured in 1894, by
F,. D. Cope, at Atlantic City.

Also 2 smaller examples from White Pond in Warren County
from Samuel N. Rhoads. This species is not so plentiful as the
preceding. It is said not to be very active in its habits, occurring
mostly in rocky ground, in fissures, and caves in cliffs. It is a
species, perhaps more than any of our others to be associated
with such places.

Salamandra longicauda Green, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
I, pt 1, 1818, p. 351.—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p.
111, Pl. 26.—Holbrook, I..c., Ed. 2, V, 1842, p. 61, Pl. 19.

Salamandra longicaudata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 'V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 331.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835,
p. 96.

Spelerpes longicauda Hallowell, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila.,
(2) III, 1855-58 (January, 1858), p. 345.—Abbott, Geol. N. J.,
1868, p. 803.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 161.

Spelerpes longicaudus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila,
noone. 107 (ref. infers).

Spelerpes ruber (Daudin).
PLATE I4.

Red Salamander. Red Lizard. Red Triton. Spring Lizard.

Head 6274; depth 834; width of head 134 in its length from
tip of snout to gular fold; length of mouth 2; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 414; width of mouth 124; fore limb
1%; hind limb 1; tail, measured from just behind vent, 134 in
rest of trunk with head. Body short, robust, mainly cylindrical,
though somewhat depressed above and below. Body all smooth

70 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and convex, without ridges. Body also presenting a somewhat
swollen appearance, though without marked constrictions, ex-
cept possibly a slight one at neck. Costal grooves 16, first at
axilla obsolete but it and inguinal also counted. Pelvic region
with about 4 grooves more or less distinct. About a dozen
grooves on anterior or basal sides of tail distinct, most posterior
however becoming obsolete. No scapular groove, Gular fold
well developed and sloping somewhat forward on neck below.
Costal grooves while encroaching a little on sides of back do
not extend far but leave a rather broad smooth area. Down
middle of back from between shoulders to pelvic region a longi- °
tudinal groove. Belly and lower surface smooth, costal grooves
only encroaching a little on sides, and gular fold extending all
way across neck below. ‘Trunk passes insensibly into rather
short robust tail which is nearly square or quadrate at base,

Red Salamander. Spelerpes ruber (Daudin).

though corners rounded, and becomes more and more compressed
towards rapidly attenuated pointed tip. Upper edge of tail
keeled most of its length to tip, and lower edge rounded or
convex till within about % of tip. Thus in transverse section
for nearly 24 of its length anteriorly it is ovoid with bulge
below. Head depressed, of about equal width with greatest width
of trunk, triangular almost to being cuneate, and especially so
laterally where angle of profile would form above. Greatest
width of head posterior to eye. Snout about twice as broad as
long, projecting much beyond closed mandible, and more or less
bevelled all around. Eye a little elongate, ellipsoid, directed
antero-laterally so that lines of upper eyelids would intersect
before reaching tip of snout, rather small, and placed about

~ AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. a

first third in head. FEjyelids rather thin, ball of eye itself not
much elevated. Mouth broad, gape straight, and when viewed
below its profile more evenly convex than that of upper jaw.
Lips hard and rather firm, upper with but a trifle of swelling on
each side. A single series of nearly even small teeth around
edge of each jaw. Palatine teeth in a transverse series, separated
into a right and left patch, which is annectant at their approxti-
mation at each end of parasphenoid series so as to form an
abrupt rectangle. Tongue a nearly circular disk, free, supported
on a slender pedicel like a mushroom. Internal nares minute,
placed close in front of middle of each transverse patch of pala-
tine teeth, and each giving off a well-defined narrow groove
extending out to margin of jaw externally. Distance between
internal nares a little greater than bony space between eyes.
External nostrils not very high along edge of snout and a trifle
further apart than bony interorbital space. Internasal space
convex and interorbital space flattened. Occipital region slightly
convex. Skin lustrous and perfectly smooth. No indications of
glands secreting a milky juice but skin everywhere beset with
closely-set shallow pits. A circle of pores around eye extending
anterior to those on side of head to nostrils, and more crowded.
Lower edge of mandible encircled by a single series of pores, and
2 other nearly straight series start from point of chin and diverge
backwards. Fore limb inserted near first seventh in body,
reaches 14 of space to hind limb, and rather short. Digits
feeble, rather depressed, with convex surfaces, elongately tri-
angular, and tips rounded, though not disk-like. No webs,
tubercles or keels to digits. Third finger longest, about 4 in
rest of arm, first shortest, and. fourth a little shorter than third.
Hind limb inserted nearer tip of tail than that of snout by space
equal to about length of gape. Fourth toe longest or about 41%
in rest of leg, first shortest, second and fifth subequal, and a
little shorter than third. Vent close behind insertion of hind legs
as a longitudinal slit. Color in alcohol brownish above and pale
or dull creamy-brown below. Back mottled entirely with large
‘well-defined slaty-dusky blotches or spots, some more or less
confluent, though all larger and more conspicuous than else-
where, In size they attain nearly that of eye-ball. On snout

72 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and entire upper sides of body and tail spots become very small
and inferiorly more or less punctate. Edges of jaws or lips
with some dusky or brownish cloudings. Lower surface of head
with a number of small brownish punctuations, and a very few
scattered over belly. Limbs creamy-brown like belly below, and
upper surfaces with dark spots, though smaller, like those on
back. Feet pale. Iris slaty. Length 4°/,, inches. This example
from Camden County, obtained by Charles Liebeck.

This animal is perhaps the most brilliantly colored of all our
salamanders, though varying from a nearly uniform grayish-
brown to bright orange-red. Also there is great variation in the
spots, some being large and blotched while in others they may be

Red Salamander. Spelerpes ruber (Daudin). (Variety.)

very finely punctate or altogether absent. Others have the back
with a more or less livid purple tint, and the blackish or dark
markings on the back are obscure. The young as a rule seem
to have the colors much purer, and are generally all more or less
orange. It is generally abundant though cannot be considered
quite so numerous as either Desmognathus fusca or Diemictylus
viridescens. Still on account of its more retiring habits, it may
be frequently overlooked where either of the latter would be
observed. It is usually found in the hilly or upland regions.
It is seldom seen on the ground and then only after rains, as I
have noted on a few occasions. It is, so far as I have observed, °
almost entirely aquatic, though sometimes may occur in damp
fields or woods under wet logs or stones, but is chiefly character-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. Vo

istic of springs and well-heads. The stones about some cold
woodland spring are its special delight, and it is seldom one
fails to find one or more in such places. Cope aptly states that
“here, beneath stones, it may be always found, occupying, if pos-
sible, the fissure from which the limpid water rises, and display-
ing its beautiful hues through the transparent medium with the
brilliancy of a strange exotic, rather than the pallor of a dweller
in the chilly depths and dark recesses of a cave.’ When swim-
ming they move with some activity, soon resting, and not being
so restless as some of our other species. They undulate their
tails from side to side and press the limbs to the sides of the body.
They feed largely on insects and are perfectly harmless, seldom
attempting to bite. Near Trenton Dr. Abbott says it is common
about well-heads and is associated with Spelerpes bislineatus. He
believes it is able to produce a slight peeping note though Cope
thought this impossible on account of the structure of its throat.
The usual specific denomination ruber cannot be set aside for this
animal as it is not reasonably certain that the Siren operculata
of Beauvois, which has priority, is the larval stage. Should it
prove identical, however, the species must be known as Spelerpes
operculatus (Beauvois).

Salamandra rubra Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 332.—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 123,
Piv27 (ref. infers).

Pseudotriton ruber Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.

Spelerpes ruber Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869
(May), p. 107 (ref. infers) —Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p.
477.—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 172, fig. 43,
Pls. 92 fig. 2, 29 & 30 figs. 1-5, 31 figs. 1-5, 32 figs. 1-3, 35 figs.
7-10, 40 figs. I-2, 45 fig. 6, and 48 fig. 16—Sherwood, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 30.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL,
1906, p. 162.

Spelerpes ruber ruber Cope, |. c., p. 181.

? Siren operculata Beauvois, I'r. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., IV,
£709, p. 81, Pifig. 3. 3

Salamandra maculata Green, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
I, pt. 2, 1818, p. 350.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 331.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 96.

74 REPORT, OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Salamandra subfusca Green, 1. c., p- 351.—Harlan, Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 331.—Harlan, Med.
Phys. Res., 1835, p. 96.

Salamandra rubriventris Green, 1. ¢., p. 353.—Harlan, Med.
Phys: Res.,)1835,p. 97.

Proteus neo cesariensis Green, |. ¢., p. 358.—Harlan, Med.
Phys. Res., 1835, p. 165.

Family DESMOGNATHID.

The Dusky Salamanders.

Pterygoids wanting. Otbitosphenoid separated by membrane
from prootic. Vestibule, internal wall osseous. Dentigerous
plates on parasphenoid. Ceratohyal articulating with quadrate.
Carpus and tarsus cartilaginous. Vertebre opisthoccelous.
Hyoid appartus as in Plethodontide.

A single genus with several species, mostly aquatic.

Genus DESMOGNATHUS Baird.

The Dusky Salamanders.

Desmognathus fusca (Rafinesque).

PLATE 15.

Dusky Salamander. Black Water Lizard. Yellow Salamander.
Brown Newt.

Head 7%; depth 1114; width of head 1% in its length from
tip of snout to gular fold; length of mouth 2; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 5; width of mouth 144; fore limb
1%; hind limb 1; tail, measured from just behind vent, less
than rest of body by length of snout. Body rather robust, stout,
generally cylindrical, though somewhat depressed above and
below. Edges of body all convexly rounded and smooth, with-

out ridges. Also body more or less swollen in appearance, with-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 8)

out marked constriction except behind gular fold at neck. Costal
grooves 14, counting axillary, and also an obsolete fifteenth may
be seen at groin. About 4 very obsolete pelvic grooves. About
a dozen or more grooves along side of tail, becoming obsolete
and fading out towards its tip. No scapular groove. Gular
fold very well developed, and sloping a little forward. Lat-
eral grooves not encroaching much on sides of back very
deeply, like on sides, though their courses obsoletely evident more
or less across, both above and below. Down middle of back,
from nape to tail, a median groove. Belly and lower surface

yh

Dusky Salamander. Desmognathus fusca (Rafinesque).

smooth. Gular fold extending as a slightly blunt angle across
throat. Trunk passes without constriction or swelling into
rather short robust tail which is quadrate, or nearly square at
base, though corners rounded, and becoming more compressed
towards rapidly attenuated slender tip. Upper edge of tail with
a well-developed keel most all its length, and lower surface with
a median longitudinal groove from after vent for about % its
length. In transverse section tail would be seen to be largely
ovoid, at least for greater anterior portion, and with bulge
below. Head wide, equal in width at least to greatest width of

76 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

body, swollen in appearance, depressed both above and below,
cuneate as viewed above, and surface convex. Profile rather
elongate, rounded, and angle would form about midway in its
depth. Snout large, depressed, its length about half its width,
and projecting beyond mandible when closed. Eye small, a little
long or ellipsoid, directed antero-laterally and lines of upper
eyelids convex so as not to intersect before reaching tip of snout.
Eyelids moderately developed, and rather prominent. Mouth
rather more constricted in convex profle than edge of jaw when
viewed from below. Gape slightly undulated. Lips rather hard
and firm, and edges when closed presenting a rather even convex
surface inferiorly. A single series of small, firm and more or
less even teeth in each jaw. No palatine teeth, though a
A Shaped patch of fine ones posteriorly on parasphenoid. Tongue
ovoid, moderately large, with tip directed anteriorly, surface
finely papillose, edges free and thin. Internal nares as 2 oblique
short slits anteriorly approximated, and each giving off an ex-
ternal groove towards edge of jaw. Space between internal nares
about equal to bony interorbital space. External nostrils a little
high along edge of snout, each sending down a groove to edge
of lip, and separated by a space a trifle more than that between
eyes measured over bony area. Internasal space convex, and
interorbital space flattened. Upper surface of head posterior to
eyes with swollen convex appearance. Skin all finely or minutely
pitted with minute granules, also all mixed in. Pores around eye
more or less obsolete. Fore limb inserted about first sixth in
body, reaches about a third of space to insertion of hind limb, and
rather weak. Digits rather slender, depressed, edges rounded,
not webbed, and with bulbous tips which are not disk-like. No
tubercles on hands or feet. Third finger longest, 31% in rest of
arm, first shortest, and second and fourth subequal. Hind limb
inserted a little nearer tip of snout than tip of tail, reaching
3% to tip of latter, and rather robust. Fourth toe longest, about
3 in rest of leg, first shortest, third a little shorter, fourth and
fifth shorter than third, though a trifle longer than second. Vent
a longitudinal slit on lower surface of trunk just after hind legs.
Color in alcohol deep dusky or blackish-brown, with a somewhat

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 77

olive shade. Sides similarly blackish. Lower surface, including
all of head below, belly and most of tail basally, soiled pale
brown, soilings dusky or smutty-brown, and scattered over entire
surface. In fact, greater part of tail, or outer 34 nearly, smutty-
brown entirely on under surface. Lips brownish. Interorbital
space brownish. Feet, hands and limbs dusky-brown above,
below paler and soiled like belly. Iris slaty. Length 3°/,.,
inches. Described from an example obtained along Big Timber
Creek near Clement’s Bridge, in Camden County, by Mr. J. A. G.
Rehn.

Very many others were examined from Morris County (C.
Fisher), and Trenton (Dr. C.C. Abbott). Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads
has also found it at Swartzwood Lake in Warren County. Mr.
H. L. Viereck has taken it at the above mentioned locality along
Big Timber Creek. Mr. T. D. Keim, Dr. C. C. Abbott and my-
self found it under stones in the beds of affluents to Kinkora
Creek, and southeast of Bordentown, during the past October.
The largest adult seen in the water was dull brown speckled with
darker on the back. Small larve were also seen in the water.
Very great range in color-pattern and color-variation may be
noted in this species. Young an inch long have the pale area on
the back more or less immaculate pink or pale brown. The upper-
most of the accompanying figures indicates this type. They vary
from these shades into the dusky-black adults. Also they do not
always appear to change from pinkish to brown, as some with
pink backs are found equally as large as the larger brownish
ones. The pale colors of the back are also not always immacu-
late, many being variously blotched or speckled with darker or
brownish. Very dark or blackish examples, not larger than the
largest pink or brown ones also occur, though these all show
traces to some extent of the dorsal color-patterns. Most all full-
grown examples lose every trace of the dorsal color-pattern in
the blackish of the back. Perhaps the most abundant in indi-
viduals among cold-blooded vertebrates in some localities is this
little salamander. In the upland it is found nearly everywhere
in the valleys, about and in streams, and on the comparatively
dry mountain-tops, though less numerous and more solitary

J78 REPORTION NEW JEROEYe St ATE MUSH Um

about the latter. About the headwaters of some streams they
are even more abundant, and sometimes one may there have the
opportunity of examining multitudes of living examples. So
abundant are they in some localities that as many as 4 or 5
will frequently occur under a single small stone. Where brooks
are swift, cold and sinking out of sight in some places, to appear
again in others, very favorable habitats are secured in the com-
paratively damp intercourses which are only flooded in time
of heavy rains. They prefer shallow streams which are rapid,
and not the stiller or deeper waters. The delicate larve, how-
ever, occur most everywhere, and are frequently taken in mud
and rank aquatic vegetation. The eggs are said to be connected
by an albuminous thread on emission, which soon contracts
and hardens. Then one of the sexes wraps this rosary around
the body several times, and remains in a comparatively dry spot
for protection. ‘The adult animals are among our most vigorous
and active species, soon scampering or wriggling out of sight
from an upturned stone. Then again they may remain until
probed cr touched in some way, suddenly wriggling away. They
are soon enabled to burrow in the ground, or among little stones,
crevices, etc., by means of their strong muscular development. It
is the most abundant species around Trenton, according to Dr.
Abbott, especially under stones in the water, water-logged foliage,
etc. As small and medium-sized examples greatly resemble
Plethodon erythronotus, which is rather abundant in the dry
upland woods, a good character for distinguishing the 2 species
at a glance will be found in the pale or whitish streak extending
down from the eye behind. This is present on most all examples
and may frequently be traced to some extent in the blackish
adults. It may also be distinguished from S‘pelerpes bislineatus in
the same way. I have quite recently pointed out the supposed
identity of the nominal species Desmognathus ochrophewa Cope,
and Salamandra haldemant Hoibrook, with this species. Dr.
Stejneger has, however, shown that Salamandra quadrimaculata
Holbrook is not identical, as supposed by Cope.

Salamandra fusca Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I,
pt. 2, 1818, p. 356.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 330.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 96.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 79

Desmognathus fusca Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.—Cope,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 115.—Abbott, Nat. Ram-
bles, 1885, p. 476.—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889,
p. 194, Pls. 34 figs. 5-6, 36 fig. 1, 45 fig. 7—Sherwood, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 33-—G. M. Allen, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. ‘Hist., X XIX, 1901, p. 73.—Stone, Am. Nat.,
XL, 1906, p. 162.

Desmognathus fusca fusca Cope, 1. c., p. 195, fig. 48.

? Desmognathus ocrophea Sherwood, |. c.

Family PLEURODELID.
The Newts.

No ethmoid bone. Vomero-palatine bones with separate pos-
terior processes extending over parasphenoid and having teeth
on their inner margins. Prefrontals and pterygoids present.
Parietals not embracing broad frontals. No dentigerous plates
on parasphenoid bone. An osseous postfronto-squamosal arch.
Ceratohyal free, connected with quadrate by ligament. Carpus
and tarsus osseous. Vertebrz opisthoccelous. No otoglossal
cartilage.

All of the genera are represented in the Old World, but 2
species of the genus Diemictylus occurring in North America.

Genus DigmMicryLus Rafinesque.
The Newts.
Diemictylus viridescens (Rafinesque).
PLATES 16 (aquatic form) AND 17 (red land form).

Newt. Red Eft. Red Lizard. Water Lizard. Spotted Triton.
Small Red Lizard. Yellow Bellied Lizard.
Red Evet. Water Newt.

Head 6%; depth about 10; width of head about 134 in its
length from end of snout to constriction of neck; length of mouth

80 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

or gape about 154; bony interorbital space about 4; width of
mouth 174; fore limb about 5 in head and trunk; hind limb about
5; tail about 1% in head and trunk together. Body robust,
elongated moderately, slightly depressed below anteriorly, and
rounded or constricted convexly above. Surface all rounded,
without sharp ridges, largely smoothly convex. ‘Trunk a little
swollen, depressed below, and somewhat more constricted in
convexity above. No costal grooves. A well-developed median
dorsal keel from occiput to tail, and after its root much broader
all around edge of latter, extending forward below till just after
vent. In transverse section trunk would be oval with bulge
below. No keel along each side of back. Tail greatly com-
pressed throughout, though in transverse section narrowly
ellipsoid. ‘This, however, becomes obscure gradually, posteriorly.
Head moderately large, a little broader than greatest width of

Newt. Diemictylus viridescens (Rafinesque). (Red form.)

body, depressed both below and above, though latter slightly
convex. When viewed from above profile seen as rather
evenly oval, contracting anteriorly and posteriorly, though not
distinguished from neck by abrupt contraction of latter. Upper
profile rather blunt, rounded, with angle falling about opposite
eye, or superior in depth of head. Snout about 34 as long as
broad, and projects well beyond closed mandible. Snout when
viewed from above truncate-rounded. E’ye elongate, moderately
small, and placed about first % inhead. Eyelids fleshy, rather thick
and not very distinct from rest of head, and as eyes are lateral
and not projecting upward they are nearly plane with front.
Pupil circular. Mouth. large, broad, and when viewed from
below seen to be in a little more evenly convex than blunt profile
of snout or upper jaw. Lips rather firm, and lower only partly

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 81

overlapped by posterior part of upper. No distinct lower lip
or groove. No gular groove or postrictal grooves. Parotid
region not swollen. A series of small teeth in jaws. Vomerine
or palatine teeth as a double series longitudinally, converging
anteriorly, and joining after running close together between
internal nares. In size these teeth minute like those in jaws.
Tongue small, slightly free along sides, but not at posterior and
anterior ends, and surface finely papillose. Internal nares about
as far apart as bony interorbital space, and each with an outer
groove towards edge of jaw. Exterior nostrils perhaps a trifle
closer together than interior nares, and rather high on each side
of snout in front. Internasal space convex and _interorbital
largely flattened or level. On top of head 2 ridges enclosing a
long lenticular open groove closed in front on muzzle and rather
open behind at occiput. On each side of these ridges a shallow
groove. Loreal region slightly concave. Canthus rostralis dis-
tinct. Skin roughened with numerous semitransparent horny
points on upper surface of body, and lower surface smooth. On
side of head behind eye a series backwards of 4 pits. First
near eye and last in position of first branchial fissure. In form
pits shortly linear and curved as if made by an instrument with
a. short curved edge. Distances between equal, or about same
as eye-diameter, though first much closer to eye than its own
length. Fore limb inserted about first ?/,, in body, and when
pressed back reaches 34 of space to hind limb. Digits narrowly
triangular, pointed, not swollen at tips, depressed, and with very
slight membrane between toes. Third finger longest, 3 in rest
of arm, first shortest, and fourth shorter than second. Hind limb
inserted first 3/, in body, robust, and when pressed back reaches
% to tip of tail. Third toe longest, fourth but little shorter than
third, second shorter than third, first shortest, and fifth but little
longer than first. Vent asa callosity directly after hind legs, and
region about it swollen. Color in alcohol rich pale brown above,
paler or light on lower surface, this latter also including some
of limbs. Back, tail and limbs above finely though rather sparsely
dotted with jet-black. A series of about 3 or 4 spots down
side of back, with an annectant small whitish or yellowish dot

6 MU

_82 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY. STATE MUSEUM.

of similar size. No spots on head above, a few on throat, breast
and belly. Iris slaty. Length 2°/,, inches. Described from an
example obtained at Swartzwood Lake, in Warren County, dur-
ing October of 1895, by Samuel N. Rhoads.

Also a number of smaller ones with the same data. I have
examined Green’s examples of the miniatus stage, and they may
have been taken within our limits. This is our most abundant
aquatic salamander in the upland ponds, lakes and other still
waters. In some places they occur in great numbers all about
the shallows. Again, I have found them equally abundant in
deep places. They will also frequent the vicinity of any small
carcass, such as suitable places where fishermen may throw
over the viscera, heads, fins, etc., of their catch. They do not
seem well adapted, usually, as a bait for pike, according to some
fishermen. Sometimes examples may be seen with a limb,
or portion of the tail, etc., injured, probably due to the rapacity

Newt. Diemtctylus viridescens (Rafinesque). (Aquatic form.)

of some fish. When one is fishing these animals will sometimes
nibble the worms or batt, and while not taking it, will hold fast
till lifted ashore. In some places they are so numerous as to pre-
vent one taking minnows for bait. By the ignorant they are
sometimes regarded as poisonous, and, therefore, not molested.
With a small dip-net several may be taken in a single scoop.
Occasionally they float lazily up to the surface of the water,
but usually may be seen wending their bodies slowly along, either
in Open spaces or among grass. Again, they will remain exposed,
their bodies contrasting for a long time with their surroundings.
Sometimes they will dart suddenly, rapidly undulating the broad
tail, though at any time never difficult to capture, especially as they
are not shy. They usually make no effort to secrete themselves
when first pursued, though when frequently disturbed will hide

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 83

under stones, water-logged branches, twigs and water-soaked
bark. In color, those approaching the larval form are dullest, ;
grayish on the back and light gray on the belly. The larger
and more rotund forms, probably gravid females, have the more
briliant markings, brown on the back with brilliant carmine spots,
and canary-yellow on the belly, with clearly defined dark brown
or black spots. The males have some color-markings on the back,
but are orange-yellow on the belly. Some are cinnamon-red and
flesh-colored, the mottlings not showing very distinctly. The
forms under stones near the shore are sometimes brighter red
than those taken from the moss and lichens on shore. ‘The
dark spots on the belly vary greatly in individuals, some having
them abundant and crowded, while in others they are more
sparsely distributed. They also vary in size, sometimes being
quite large, but then less numerous. All yellow-bellied exam-
ples are usually spotted with brownish or blackish. The red-
dish spots on the back are not always present, and they vary
similarly. Sometimes the markings on the tail are blotches,
and at others they are confluent into longitudinal streaks. The
latter being usually associated with the absence of crimson spots
on the back. ‘The red water-forms are usually much more shy
and agile, also more difficult to capture, while the red land-forms
are inert under the stones and moss, where the temperature is
about 50° F. Red land-forms are usually sparsely marked with
blackish points on the belly and decidedly less so than the red
water-forms. When captured they make little resistance, and
float or swim comfortably about if dropped into a vessel of water.
They feed on flies, and in fact any small insect dropped on the
surface. When seizing their prey they move slowly through
the water towards it, and suddenly snap at it. If not successful
they do not again resume operations until another opportunity
is offered, when the same performance is repeated. ‘Their method
is always slow and deliberate, and sometimes they may seize
and snap one another, apparently by mistake. If their prey is
too large they usually persist a long time till they are able to
swallow it. The fin-like tail is developed in the male during the
spring, and a ridge also extends along the middle of the back.

84 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

He may also be further distinguished by the blackish swellings
on the thighs and feet, which are very conspicuous. The male
is enabled by these means to retain his hold on the female, grasp-
ing her around the neck with his hind legs. They will remain
fastened together some hours, during which time he jerks her
about and discharges the seminal fluid. This is said to be diffused
in the water and fecundate the ova while still in the lower part
of the oviduct. Then the eggs are laid singly. They are ellipsoid
in shape, covered with a mucous or sticky coat which is attached,
usually to the middle of an immersed leaf, which is then doubled
over it by the exertions of the female. After remaining this
_ way some time they finally give birth to small larve. I have not
found the eggs, however, myself, though seen the preliminary
courting operations. The miniatus form of this animal has been
found, according to some observers, to be nothing more than a
terrestrial condition. It is claimed that when placed in confine-
ment with other salamanders, where they could resort to the
water if they wished, they remained some days hiding under °
wet moss and stones, but finally crept out at night and went into
the water. They readily devoured insects and worms. In about
3 months they are said to have lost their bright red, and in less
than a year were the usual viridescens olive. It is also claimed
for some viridescens examples 2 years old taken from ponds and
put in earth and dead wet leaves without water, that they began
to loose their green tint and assume a dingy brownish. I have
never experimented for these changes myself. The red form is
frequently seen, and in such as I have seen so far, is usually
bright colored. ‘They may be frequently seen at times, even when
not rainy, in woodland on stones, logs, bark, or leaves, etc., but
never apparently so numerous as the aquatic form. ‘The latter
has a voice, more of a harsh or grating weak little squeak,
though I have never heard the red ones utter it. I shall, how-
ever, leave the identity of the two forms to future investigation.
Dr. Abbott found it in the Delaware among Vallisneria near
Trenton, and in eel-grass, when taken in fish-nets. He has also
found it in clear grassy waters tributary to Crosswicks Creek.

Notophthalinus viridescens Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 85

Diemyctylus viridescens Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—
Cope, Bull..U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 207, Pls. 36 figs.
B40 figee5 0, 40 figs. 3-4, 42 figi3, 45 fig. 9, 49-fig. 4.-—
Sherwood, Proc, Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1894-95, No. 7, p. 35.

Diemyctylus viridescens viridescens Cope, |. c.

Notophthalmus miniatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 803.

Order SALIENTIA.
The Leaping Amphibians.

Body short, broad, and tail not present when adult. Usually
no teeth in lower jaw. Young fish-like, or as a tadpole, with
broad head, long tail, external gills and without limbs or teeth.
They feed on vegetable matter and thus have very long intestines.
By degrees they develop into the adult, which is more or less
frog-like. The adult with 4 limbs, posterior pair long, strong
and developed for leaping.

This order, comprising the frogs and toads, reaches its greatest
development in tropical America. Fossil remains occur as early
as the Jura.

Key to the families,

a. ARCIFERA. ‘Thoracic region expansive, free and divergent ends of coracoid
and precoracoid connected by 2 cartilaginous longitudinal bands, cartilage
of 1 side overlapping other.

b. Upper jaw toothless. BUFONIDA
bb. Upper jaw toothed.
c. Digits tapering, without viscid disks; a flat-edged spur at heel;

parotids present; subterranean. PELOBATIDA
cc. Digits usually dilated at tips to form viscid disks; no spur; no
parotids; mostly arboreal. HYLIDA

aa, FERMISTERNIA. ‘Thoracic region not expansive, 2 bands of cartilage
united in median mass between adjacent ends of nearly parallel coracoid
and precoracoid. RANIDA

Family BUFONIDZE.
The Toads.

Jaws toothless. Vertebrz proccelous, without ribs, sacral more
or less dilated. Fingers and toes free or webbed, and with

86 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

tips sometimes dilated into regular disks. Sternum usually a
cartilaginous plate, and sometimes ossified along its. center, or
with a well-ossified style. Pupil occasionally erect. Tongue
mostly elliptic and entire.

A rather large family represented by a singles genus within our
limits.

Genus Buro Laurenti.

The True Toads.
Bufo lentiginosus (Shaw).
PLATE 18.

Toad. Hop Toad. Common Toad.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 334 in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth 224 normal;
greatest width of body 134; width of head at posterior margins
of tympani greater than its length by horizontal diameter of
eye; snout 244; eye 3; mouth 1°/,,; interorbital space, meas-
ured from eye-sockets, 44%; fore limb 2% in head and trunk;
hind limb when outstretched greater than head and trunk by
horizontal eye-diameter. Body robust, depressed, more or less
swollen in appearance, when viewed above ovoid with bulge
at pelvic processes and then slightly constricted back. Surface
rather well depressed both above and below, only slightly con-
vex. Pelvic bones forming but a very slight obtuse angle in pro-
file along back, but little behind middle of length of head and
trunk, or about */; of space, though processes obsolete. Head
moderately small, broad and depressed, both above and below.
Snout short, bluntly convex, its length a little less than half its
width, and when viewed above rather evenly convex. Eye
rather large, a little longer than deep, its posterior margin nearly
midway between tip of snout and shoulder, or about over middle
in gape of mouth. Mouth large, gape but slightly convex in
profile, with convexity superior. Lips thin, firm or rather horny,

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 87

with upper overlapping edge of mandible when mouth closes.
Lower lip firm, though rather thick. When viewed below mouth
broadly convex, with more constricted convexity of upper jaw
projecting in front. Front of upper jaw when viewed in front
with a slight emargination medianly into which a corresponding
low process of mandible at symphysis fits, and labial edge on each
side of latter slightly and shortly emarginate. Teeth none, edge
of jaws or lips firm, and acting as a tough cutting edge. Tongue

Toad. Bufo lentiginosus (Shaw).

large, fleshy, surface finely papillose, only attached in front,
behind and sides entirely free. Internal nares more or less con-
cealed by superior buccal fold, placed a little further apart than
external nostrils, and rather large. External nostrils rather
large, a little high on front side of blunt snout, falling a little
nearer eye than emargination in middle of front of upper jaw.
Internasal space nearly level, and a little greater than bony inter-
orbital space, or about half of eye-ball. Interorbital space nar-
row over bony area, with concave surface and ridges on each side

88 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM,

separating eye-sockets. Loreal region deep, bevelled or slightly
concave on surface. ‘l'ympanum close behind orbit, also a trifle
below, a little deeper than wide, and its width about % in length
of eye. Skin pustular over entire surface, and on lower surface
of limbs and around postfemoral region forming small tubercles.
Parotids large, elongate, varying little in breadth, and width
about % their length. Fore limb inserted a little before first third
in length of head and trunk, robust, and reaches back well beyond
insertion of hind limb. Fingers 4, large, slender, not webbed,
depressed above somewhat basally, each rounded, with a tubercle
at each joint below and a pair of larger ones on palm. First and
third fingers longest and subequal, about 3 in rest of arm to
shoulder. Second finger a little shorter, and fourth shortest.
Hind limb not strong, but moderately robust, femoral region
shorter than tibial, and space between tip of fourth toe and heel
but a little greater than rest of limb measured to groin, though
about 1% when measured to vent. Fourth toe longest, others
all graduated down shorter, first shortest, and fifth a little longer
than second, or shorter than third. Hind toes all slightly webbed
at bases, membrane rather thick. Phalanges with rather well-
developed tubercles on lower surfaces at articulations. Two well-
developed tubercles on sole of hind foot, inner larger and with
blackened horny sheath. Color in alcohol blackish-brown above,
with a number of deep black maculations of various sizes ‘sepa-
rated by a pale brown median vertebral streak from interorbital
space to vent. Several creamy-brown streaks extend obliquely
back from parotid on sides. Latter and femoral region finely
mottled or speckled with creamy-brown. Below dirty creamy-
brown, breast, chin, lips and throat, finely speckled with blackish
markings, varying in size and shape. A dusky blotch below
eye separated on each side by a pale brownish streak extending
from lower front and posterior margins of eye, former down to
upper lip and latter to gape of mouth. Iris slaty. Length 5%
inches. ‘his example obtained by Messrs. J. A. G. Rehn and
Witmer Stone, near the head of the Batsto River, in Burlington
County, August 13th, 1902.

Color of adult male in life. Above olivaceous- brown, darker on
dorsal region, and becoming paler on sides. Upper surfaces of

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 89

limbs olivaceous. Excresences on back with more or less brown
tints. Several large blackish-brown blotches on back, slightly ocel-
lated narrowly with light or dull olive-yellow. Some tubercles on
‘side of head and upper surface of limbs tinted with brownish.
Upper surfaces of limbs and side of body with irregular dusky-
brown to blackish streaks, spots or blotches. Along edges of
limbs when viewed below these specks produce fine mottled
appearance. Lower surface of body chiefly dull buff, chest with
pale dusky specks here and there. Throat tinted brownish. Buff
of lower surface only extending a little upon sides, which have
an infusion of pale olivaceous. Feet brownish on soles, tubercles
on sole of fore feet pale brownish, and on that of hind feet
blackish. Tips of hind toes dusky or blackish. Tympanum
brown. Iris brownish with beautiful coppery and golden reflec-
tions. Length 534 inches.

Color of adult female in life. Above of a warm or maroon-
brown, darker on dorsal region and fading paler laterally.
Upper surfaces of limbs of usual tint of back, also with some
infusion of olivaceous, and in case of posterior largely with
dusky, even blackish. ‘Tubercles all more or less‘ brownish, of
warm or maroon tint. Several large indistinct blackish or dusky
blotches slightly ocellated with pale narrow edges on back. Sides
and upper surfaces of limbs spotted with dusky or blackish, most
distinctly on costal region. A paler diffuse brownish shade
than color of back, extending in groin towards anus, offsetting
dark color of legs above. Lower surface of body dull buff, and
this shade also on inferior surfaces of limbs. ‘Toes and soles of
fore feet brown, tips of thumbs but little darker. Soles, spurs
and tips of toes of hind feet blackish. ‘Tubercles on fore feet
brown. Throat brown. Several pale brown spots on breast. In
other respects colored more or less similar to male. Length 7%
inches.

About Trenton, according to Dr. Abbott, they do not appear
to be as common as formerly. They are abundant along the
Delaware River banks and have been heard roaring as late as the
14th of June, though in other localities I find they frequently
will continue till August and September at times. They are

go REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

among the most beneficial animals to man on account of the large
number of insects which they destroy. Although the toad has
been greatly discredited on account of its ugliness by most per-
sons, the eye of this animal, on the other hand, has been
thought from time immemorial an object of beauty. ‘The public
sentiment in the case of the toad is, perhaps, greater than that
of any other of its relatives, and it is rarely if ever killed, except
with regret. The urchin who pelts frogs will seldom molest the
toad. This, however, may not altogether be due to the supersti-
tion that handling an individual will produce warts, or the more
or less nocturnal habits of the animal, but to some appreciation of
its value as an insect-destroyer. By the middle of spring they
begin to utter their call-notes, which are kept up during most
all of our warm weather, though seldom in the daylight. The
eggs are laid in long strings and are familiar to most everyone.
By early June most of them are hatched and scores, in some
places hundreds, of the jet-black little tadpoles may be seen
mostly quiet in some shallow pool. By the end of the month
these will have changed to toads and be found far up on the hills,
skipping about mostly over the more or less clear spaces. Dur-
ing early and midsummer toads seem more noisy just after a rain
at night. Sometimes their concert is prolonged and varied by
the additional interpolated rattlings of Hyla versicolor, who will
descend to low bushes, or along fences, and join in the chorus,
probably under the incentive of the increased moisture. Usually
in April, or just as soon as they have finished their winter hiber-
nating, they repair to some shallow, quiet pool or pond. Fre-
quently many of them may be found all about in the shallower
places, as they do not swim very deep. Many such places are
more or less choked up with vegetation, etc., so that the water
is clear and still. The continual rolling call of the male toad
may be heard for quite a distance, and as he utters it, sits
mostly exposed or out of the water, though usually perfectly
quiet, except for the slight movement of his throat in pumping
air into his lungs. Suddenly his throat is greatly inflated and
the long even hoarse call is emitted. It usually lasts for about
15 or 20 seconds, stopping suddenly. Its quality is of even tona-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. gl

tion, without cresendo or decresendo effects, and at a distance
suggests something of a far-off tug-boat whistle. The throat,
or vocal vesicle, is inflated till about equal to the head in size. The
toad varies somewhat in color in individuals, appearing quite dark
in some and paler in others, though the former is always the
case when not inflated owing to the effect of light. When a
female happens to approach one of these singing males he will
immediately hop through the water several times till he suc-
ceeds in reaching her, and in doing so usually causes quite a
little commotion by splashing about. Then he jumps upon her
back to dig his thumbs in her axillaries and there remain. [
have not seen them make a call when embraced, and if one
attempts to lift the male off he will still retain his hold so that
both may be lifted up simply by securing the male. When
captured in this manner they will only produce a squeak occa-
sionally. Sometimes a number of more unfortunate males who
are unable to procure females will make a concerted move upon
one should she approach near. The female may frequently be seen
swimming beneath the water with her lord taking an easy ride.
To some extent they appear to harmonize well in color with
their surroundings. Sometimes late in summer, and even into
October, the males may be heard occasionally giving vent to
their call. Mr. S. H. Hamilton reports a normal sized jet-black
example from Beamersville, in Sussex County. It was taken
amony rocks of the eleGrite syenite class, which were weathered
very black, and possibly the individual in question is an instance
of the change in color or pigment due to the environment.
Messrs. Witmer Stone, H. L. Coggins and J. A. G. Rehn found
this species about the head of the Batsto River in rgo1, and on
their trip from Bear Swamp to the “plains” in,1902. Dr. H. A.
Pilsbry secured examples at Cape May, where I have also
observed it.

Bufo lentiginosus Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Cope,
Bull, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 277.

Bufo lentiginosus americanus Cope, |. c., p. 284.—Sherwood,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 17.—Stone, Am
Nat., XL, 1906, p. 162.

92 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

- Bufo musicus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt. 2,
1827, p. 344.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 109.

Bufo americanus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1836, p. 75, PI.
9 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, V, 1842, p. 17, Pl. 4.—
Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 805.

Family PELOBATID.
The Burrowing Toads.

Upper jaw toothed. Vertebrz mostly proccelous, without ribs,
sacral strongly dilated. Fingers and toes free or webbed, with-
out disks and simple. Sternum a cartilaginous plate or a bony
style, with cartilaginous disk. Pupil erect. Tongue rounded,
nearly entire.

A rather small family of stout toad-lke appearance and habit,
mainly nocturnal, and burrowing in the ground by means of the
spur-like heel of the hind limbs. Also the vertical cat-like pupil
is an adaptation for this habit, or peculiarity not usually exhibited
by toads which are more or less crepuscular. A single genus
within our limits.

Genus ScapuHiopus Holbrook.

The Spade Foot Toads.

Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan).*

PLATE 19.

Spade Foot Toad. Spade Foot. Hermit Toad. Hermit Spade
Foot Toad.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth, a little swollen,

* T give the following notes on an example which I received from Mr. James
A. G. Rehn, during August of 1905. As it was brought alive from Palatka,
Florida, by Mr. Rehn, I give it place only as a foot-note. Color in life deep
blackish-brown offset with dull yellowish-olive, or other such tints in form
of streaks on back, and blotches on flanks and legs. Snout more or less

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 93

about 2%; greatest width of body 124; width of head opposite
posterior margins of eyes greater than length of head by about
diameter of tympanum; snout 134; eye 2%; mouth 1%; width
of mouth 1%; interorbital space, measured from eye-sockets, 3;
fore limb about 2% in head and trunk; hind limb when out-
stretched greater than head and trunk by horizontal eye-diameter.
Body robust, depressed, and with very evident swollen appear-
ance, when viewed above slightly ovoid with bulge at pelvic
processes and then rather well constricted back. Surface rather
well-depressed both above and below, only slightly convex.
Pelvic bones scarcely forming a protuberance on dorsal profile
a trifle behind middle of length of head and trunk, or about °/,
in this space, and processes very obsolete. Head moderate,
broad, rather depressed both above and below, though upper sur-
face altogether more evenly convex. Snout short, broad, bluntly
convex, its length a little less than half its width, when viewed
above broadly and rather evenly convex, and in profile forming
an obtuse angle about opposite nostril, anterior portion of which
is nearly vertical. Eye very prominent, well elevated, a little

brownish marginally. Markings on flanks and upper surface of hind legs
most brilliant. Feet and lower surface of all limbs more or less pale trans-
lucent brownish. Fore feet a little whitish above. Upper border of elevated
eye-socket with yellowish circle and tints of same along margins of jaws.
Many of little tubercles on side with yellowish, producing a somewhat spotted
appearance. Femoral region of hind limbs duller and more brownish above
than rest of upper surface of same. Lower surface of body dull whitish,
more or less soiled or livid on lower surface of pelvic region and hind legs.
Edge of lower jaw pale or whitish. Iris and eye generally black, ring en-
circling pupil of beautiful metallic gilt-like tint, and black of iris infringing
irregularly in quarter divisions. This toad has a very peculiar habit of
attempting to dig backwards by means of the black-edged spur on the hind
foot, which it will rub rather fast and with good force against the palm if
held in the hand. By a similar process it sinks into the ground or among
grass. The eyes can be depressed considerably and give the head quite a
different appearance if the animal is annoyed. It progressed usually by short
hops or leaps, though sometimes crawled or walked slowly a few steps. In
repose the usual position is to squat flat, and if then disturbed to inflate the
flanks greatly. When held in the hand it uttered a note similar to the call
of Rana clamata, which may be said to somewhat resemble a smothered
rattle or trill of rather harsh and low tone. The throat is inflated, though
not very abnormally. This note seems to be due rather to discomfort than
anything else. In captivity I could not induce the specimen to eat.

94 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

longer than deep, and its posterior margin about midway between
tip of snout and axilla. Pupil vertical. Upper covering of eye-
ball rather tough and forming a more or less horizontal upper
boundary to iris. Greatest depth of eye about 11% in its length.
Mouth large, gape very slightly convex in profile, with convexity
superior. Rictus reaches nearly opposite front margin of tym-
panum. Lips thin, horny or firm and with upper overlapping
edge of closed mandible. Edge of upper jaw rather trenchant,
that of lower a little rounded or convex and thicker. When
viewed below mouth broadly and evenly convex, with more con-
stricted convexity of upper jaw projecting in front. Front of
upper jaw as viewed in front with a very slight median marginal
notch. No mandibular process at symphysis. Along edge of
upper jaw a cutting-edge made up of minute obsolete teeth and
this concealed by upper lip. No mandibular cutting-edge. Upper
buccal fold rather firm and moderately wide. Vomerine teeth
minute, in 2 small patches, each about half size of internal nostril,
separated for a space about equal to their own size, and placed a
little posteriorly in space .between internal nostrils. Tongue
large, fleshy, its surface minutely papillose, only attached in
front, behind and sides entirely free, rather broadly ovate and
its posterior margin with a slight median notch. Internal nares
large, a trifle further apart than external nostrils, and rather
elongated transversely. External nostrils small, a little high on
front side of snout, directed superiorly, and falling a little nearer
eye than emargination in middle of front of upper jaw. Inter-
nasal space nearly level and about 1/4 in level and rather firm
bony interorbital space. Posteriorly interorbital space rather
convex. Loreal region deep, bevelled or slightly concave on
surface. ‘I'ympanum distinct, close behind orbit, mostly below,
ellipsoid, sloping forward till its lower front margin is nearly
opposite posterior margin of eye, and its width about 1% in its
own length. Skin of back minutely tuberculous, and on flanks
slightly more coarsely. Upper surfaces of limbs scarcely
minutely tuberculous, and nearly smooth like entire under sur-
face of body. Parotids small, prominent, convex and rather
broad, Fore limb inserted a little before first third in length of
head and trunk, moderately robust, and reaches back well beyond

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 95

insertion of hind limb. Arm well developed, and. hand much
shorter than fore arm. Fingers 4, large, rather slender, de-
pressed above somewhat, especially basally where broader, and
surfaces all rounded convexly. A thickened web between bases
of fingers very narrowly. Palmar tubercles 2, one about center
of palm and other at base of first finger. Also a third obsolete
palmar tubercle external and close to median one. No distinct
tubercles on under surfaces of fingers though tips of each de-
veloped as one. ‘Third finger longest, more slender than others,
and about 3 in rest of arm to shoulder. First finger next in size,
broader. Second finger still shorter than first or a trifle longer
than fourth which is about half length of third. On inner and
upper faces of 2 inner fingers a blackish and callous thickening
of epidermis. Hind limb strong, heel of extended hind leg
reaching to posterior edge of tympanum, femoral region about
equals tibial, and space between tip of fourth toe and heel but a
little greater than rest of limb measured to groin, though about
of same length as space from outstretched heel to vent. ‘Toes
all depressed and covered with thick skin, which also forms
thick uniting web. Fourth, toe longest, and measured from base
about 3% in space to groin. Fifth or outer toe about 2% in
fourth, and connected by web extending from outer phalange to
front margin of second or subterminal phalange of fourth toe.
Other toes all graduated down from fourth t6e to first, which 1s
much .shortest, and also all united by a broad terminal web, all
united to last phalange except that of fourth toe, where unison is
subterminal. Sole of foot perfectly smooth except an elongate
horny wedge-like keel, blackish in color, with a sharp horny edge,
and placed at base of inner toe. Also a trace of same is seen on
inner edge of tip of inner toe. ‘Tips of toes rounded though:
scarcely tuberculous. Color in alcohol dull brownish above.
Head gray-brown above, as on upper surface of snout and inter-
orbital space. Edge of upper jaw broadly pale brown. From
behind each eye, very slightly convergent at first, a pale brownish
streak runs back towards coccyx where it converges. At their
convergence they form a sort of expanded pale brownish area.
Sides of trunk above deep dusky-brown obscurely mottled with
darker and paler. Lower surface of body pale brownish-white.

96 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Feet all brownish, tips of toes of hind limbs a trifle darker brown-
ish. Upper surfaces of all limbs gray-brownish, a trifle darker
than lower surfaces. Upper covering of eye deep brownish above.
Iris beautiful grayish, a dark grayish to dusky horizontal
streak across, and pupil pale. Length from tip of snout to tip of
fourth toe 53g inches. Cape May. June 28th, 1907. O. H.
Brown.

The above described is the only New Jersey example I have
examined. It was found in a big pile of soil in Cape May City
by a colored laborer, about 3 feet under the earth, and changed
color considerably after being in captivity a short time. I am
indebted to both Mr. Brown and Mr. H. Walker Hand for this
interesting specimen.

This may be distinguished chiefly by the spur on each heel.
In life it is olive-brown with a yellowish band on each side.

Spade Fgot Toad. Scaphiopus holbrooki (Harlan).

They are noted for their irregular and erratic appearance dur-
ing warm weather, their burrowing in the ground tending to their
escaping observation. About Trenton, according to Dr. Abbott,
it may appear at any time between May and September, and
erratically in abundance. They make a great noise, and as the
ege-laying varies in time, their notes may also be expected
to be heard at different times. During copulation, both animals
roar so that they may be heard at the distance of half a mile.
This roar is not like that of the common toad, Bufo, and
their vocal apparatus is not especially different during the oper-
ation. ‘They will also roar at other times, as when disturbed
or during heavy rains. In size, the largest example equalled
those of the largest of our common toad. Mr. R. C. Abbott

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 97

informs me that he heard a few during the springs of 1904 and
1906. Dr. Dahlgren tells me he secured examples near Trenton,
from the same locality where Dr. Abbott made his observations.

Scaphiopus holbrooki Abbott, Am. Nat., XVIII, 1884, p. 1075.
—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 17.

Scaphiopus holbrooku Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34,
1889, p. 208.

Scaphiopus solitarius Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., Ed. 2, IV,
1842, p. 109, Pl. 27.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—
Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Family HYLIDZE.
The Tree Toads.

Upper jaw toothed. Vertebrz proccelous, without ribs, sacral
dilated. Fingers and toes free or webbed, their tips usually more
or less with dilated disks, and bases swollen. Sternum cartilagi-
nous. Pupil usually horizontal. Tongue usually slightly nicked,
or entire. |

A large family, especially characteristic of the vast forests of
tropical America. They are remarkable for their varied and
loud voices from early spring till frost.

Key to the genera.

a. Toes not webbed, free or nearly so. PSEUDACRIS
aa. Toes webbed.
b. Finger and toe disks small; fingers not webbed. ACRIS
bb. Finger and toe disks round, conspicuous; fingers somewhat webbed.
HYLA

Genus Pseupacris Fitzinger.
The Swamp Tree Toads.
Pscudaeris triseriatus (Wied).

PLATE 20.
Swamp Tree Toad.

Body rather long, head 22% in its length measured to end of
trunk, and excluding hind legs; width 3% to 3. Vomerine teeth
7 MU

98 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

nearer each other than to nares. Tympanum rather small, 3
in eye. Upper surfaces granulated or rugose. Limbs rather
stout, tibia measuring half distance from vent to middle and
anterior border of orbit. Heel extends to orbit. Toes fringed
or margined. A single inner tarsal tubercle. Five longitudinal
bands dorsally, median broad, unites with interocular triangle,
and continued part way to end of:muzzle, giving a cruciform
figure, and lateral bands nearly straight, commencing some dis-
tance above and within tympanum. Lateral stripe complete
from end of muzzle to groim. Ground-color fawn, below pale
and immaculate. Posterior limbs with half cross-bands.

Found abundant on sides of pools and ponds in the neighbor-
hood of Gloucester, in the spring and early part of the summer.
It delights in those small and often temporary pieces of water

Swamp Tree Toad. Pseudacris triscriatus (Wied).

which are enclosed in the densest thickets of spiny Smilax and
Rubus, with scrub oaks, and surrounded by the water-loving
Cephalanthus, where no shade interrupts the full glow of sun-
light. Here they may be heard in the hottest part of the day,
accompanied with a few scattering Acres, or rarely a Hyla pick-
eringu. ‘Their retreats are not sought by Rane. As they scarcely
swim, when surprised they seek refuge in the edge of the water,
with so little movement as to render their capture no easy matter.
They commence their season early. ‘They were heard in the
swamps of the barrens and thickets of the southwestern part of
the state as early as March 2oth, when a skim of ice covered part
of the water. In other level parts of the state they were heard
later in the season. Their note resembles that of Acris in being

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 99

crepitant, and differs from the toned cry or whistle of the Hyle.
It is not so loud as the former and is deeper pitched. It may be
imitated by drawing'‘a point strongly across a coarse comb, com-
mencing at the bottom of a jar and bringing it rapidly to the
mouth, or better, by restraining the voice to the separate vibra-
tions of the vocal cords, and uttering a bar of a dozen or 20
vibrations, beginning with the mouth closed and ending it well
opened. (Cope.)

This species I have not yet determined from within the
state and know it only from the above account. It appears vari-
able, and owing to its seclusive habits and small size may be
easily overlooked. The generic name Pseudacris will replace
Chorophilus, of older usage, on account of priority,

Chorophilus triseriatus Cope, Bull, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34,
1889, p. 342.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 162.

Genus Acris Duméril and Bibron.

The Cricket Toads.

Acris gryllus crepitans (Baird).

lei Air

Cricket Frog. Savana Cricket. Savanna Cricket Frog. Peeper.
Rattler.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body to
end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 3% ; greatest
width of body 234; snout 2% in head; eye 244; mouth about
1%; width of mouth equal to space between tip of snout and
middle of tympanum; interorbital space measured from eye-
sockets 314 ; fore limb about 2 in head and trunk; head and trunk
124 in hind limb. Body depressed, both above and below, and
when viewed from above rather elongately ellipsoid, with bulge
about midway in length of combined head and trunk, constric-
tions tapering rather evenly anteriorly and posteriorly. Form
rather slender and graceful, and pelvic processes forming but

100 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

slight angle in last third of head and trunk, and hardly elevated.
Head rather small, rather narrow and convergent anteriorly,
depressed both above and below with former surface but little
elevated, though a little more convex and obtuse in front profile.
Snout rather broad, length about 34 of breadth, convex over sur-
face, and edge rather narrowly convex in front as viewed above.
Eye a little elongate, a little elevated, and placed about midway
between tip of snout and shoulder, or over last third of mouth.
Mouth large and gape nearly horizontal. Lips thin and edge of
upper more or less extending over lower all around. Lower lip
firm and scarcely developed. Viewed below mouth rather broad
posteriorly, rami converging rather widely in front in a rather
wide convex edge so that edge of snout protrudes well in front.
A series of minute teeth in upper jaw, even and more or less
concealed by lips. Vomerine teeth as 2 approximated patches

fy, = 6

Cricket Frog. Acris gryllus crepitans (Baird).

of small teeth convergent posteriorly between inner nares.
Tongue rather large, broad and slightly emarginate behind, and
convergent narrowly anteriorly where attached, sides and
posterior portion entirely free. Surface minutely papillose.
Internal nares far apart and rather large. External nostrils high
on sides of snout in front and rather close together, space between
about 24 that of internal pair. Internasal and interorbital spaces
shallowly concave. A depression at loreal region. ‘Ttympanum
small, rounded, about half of orbit, and placed behind and partly
below eye, but entirely after rictus. Skin above with rather scat-
tered pustulations or warty elevations with numerous pores open-
ing between and on them. ‘These pustules most numerous on
sides and anteriorly. Some are considerably larger and longi-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. IOI

tudinal, appearing most distinct near edges of vertebral streaks.
Lower parts more or less finely granular, except most of limbs
and breast, which aré more or less smooth. Postfemoral region
granular. A cutaneous fold across breast. Fore limbs inserted
about first 3g in head and trunk, slender, and when appressed
reaching back beyond groin to vent. Hands rather long and
well developed, about as long as fore arm. Fingers 4, slender,
rounded, not webbed, and slightly dilated at tips into very small
disks, which are convex beneath and with a nail-like groove.
Third finger longest, 2 in rest of arm, and others more or less
subequal, with second a trifle shortest. A small tubercle at each
articulation of phalanges below as 2 on first fingers (always
counting disk) and 3 on each of others. Internal and external
palmar tubercles well developed. Hind limb very long and slen-
der, tibial region longer than femoral, and when combined rest
of limb 1% in their length. Toes long, slender and with slight
terminal disks, and fourth measured to carpus 24% length of space
from its tip to heel. ‘Toes all graduated down to first, which is
shortest, and third and fifth subequal, longer than second. Webs
of toes extending to tips of phalanges, except external of middle.
Below, each toe with a tubercle at each articulation, 2 on first
and second (counting disks), 3 on third and fifth and 4 on fourth.
Internal and external carpal tubercles very small. Color in
alcohol brownish above, blotched with darker. A dark dusky
triangle between eyes and with end pointing posteriorly. Back
obscurely blotched with blackish. A large broad blackish
blotch back from eye towards groin passing just over shoulder.
Just above groin an oblique blackish blotch. Groin and femoral
region more or less tinged with yellowish. Belly whitish. Throat
yellowish-white soiled with dusky. Upper lip with some whitish
specks. Lower lip whitish with some dusky specks. Limbs
brownish like back above, and pale like belly below. Post-
femoral region yellowish with longitudinal blackish streaks
above. Upper femoral region like back, with 2 blackish blotches.
Tibial region like back, with about 3 obsolete blackish blotches.
Tarsus with several blackish blotches on its dark surface. Feet
and hands largely brownish. Length 2% inches. Rancocas

102) REPOR TP OF NEW JERSEY Site MUSE UI:

Creek, at Centerton, in Burlington County. October 14th, 1906.
T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Color in life olive-brown above, tubercles of back with more
plain brownish tints, upper surface of limbs olive-brownish, mar-
bled with darker. A larger blackish blotch from behind eye to
groin, bounded below by pale line of whitish. Upper lip and
side of lower, blackish, which color extends back to shoulder.
Upper lip with a few whitish specks. Lower lip, otherwise than
stated, whitish. A triangular dusky-black blotch between eyes,
with angle directed back, and its edge a trifle pale olive all
around. Black shade from eye continued above each side of back
to groin, then towards vent, where it joins its fellow. Groin
olive-green tinted, this shade extending half way to costal region.
Fach side of femur gamboge tinted, posteriorly bounded with
dusky extending from vent. Knee dusky, with 3 blackish blotches
on dark color of femur above. Dusky blotches on tibia above.
Ventral or anal region blackish, spotted with white. ‘Tarsus and
feet brownish, tubercles and toes dark red. Lower surface of hind
legs translucent brownish-white, with dull olivaceous tints about
femur. Lower surface of fore legs whitish, becoming trans-
lucent brownish on ulna, fingers yellowish-brown, and _ their
tips orange tinted. ips of toes of hind legs also orange tinted.
Lower surface of body creamy-white. Throat whitish, marked
with dirty yellowish. Iris brown. Length of body from tip
of snout to end of pelvis 34 of an inch. Fresh-water pond at edge
of the salt-marsh, in Cape May County, at Palermo. April 15th,
1906. George Z. Hartman, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

These little toads were found to be very abundant, though ex-
ceedingly difficult to see, on account of their small size and close
resemblance to the aquatic vegetation in which they live. Their
notes were a characteristic feature of these ponds all along the
marshes most of the time, and also in the cedar-swamps. ‘They
appear to be somewhat shy, and sink or disappear without leaving
any trace of their whereabouts. They also become silent if peeping
when one approaches the pond, Dr. Abbott finds this little toad the
earliest to speak in the spring about Trenton, though he tells me
he has not yet heard, them in the fall. Besides their rattling call a

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 103

squeaky sound was heard occasionally, though only during the
breeding-season. They were much more abundant than Hyla
pickeringti, After the eggs were laid Dr. Abbott found them to be
quiet, not making any noise till spring, when they would seem to
disappear till about the middle of July or the first of August. How-
ever they would not then resume their noise. I have heard them in
various places, more or less regularly, from spring all through
the summer, and on several occasions in Dr. Abbott’s own
meadows. It may be stated that in my experience their call ap-
pears to be variable. ‘The usual note is not heard at a great dis-
tance, and is described by one writer as exactly imitated by strik-
ing two marbles together, first slowly, then faster and faster, for a
succession of about 20 to 30 beats. Perhaps the rattling of cast-
anets would be a better suggestion. The animals live in the
grass and take enormous leaps, seldom if ever frequenting trees
or bushes. When disturbed they usually swim or leap, but rarely
sink below the surface of the water, and if scen.are easily secured.
The species varies much in color without regard to locality.
Some are very bright and others pale. Mr. H. Walker Hand
and myself found them abundant in the fresh waters, adjacent to
the salt-marshes at Cape May, in April of 1903. I have examined
many examples from the various localities already mentioned,
besides others procured by Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads from White
Pond, Swartzwood Lake, and Cedar Lake in Warren county
taken in October, 1895, Culver’s Pond in Somerset County taken
in October 1894, and Sussex County. Examples from New Jer-
sey procured by Dr. Pickering have also been examined. Octo-
ber roth, 1906, I found a number of examples near Trenton
Junction.

Acris crepitans Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854-
55 (1856), p. 59.—Abbott, Am. Nat., XVI, 1882, p. 707.—
Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Acris gryllus crepitans Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34,
1889, p. 326.—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No.
10, p. 18.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 162.

Rana gryllws Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt. 2,
1827, p. 340.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 104.

104 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Hylodes gryllus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p. 75,
Pl. 13 (eet. mers). Holbrook, cysKd; 2, TV, 1842. piram
Pl. 33.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 805.

Rana dorsalis Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 105, fig. I
[on plate opposite p. 72].

Genus Hyra, Laurent.
The True Tree Toads.

Key to the species.

a. Patches of vomerine teeth posterior to line between interior nares.

PICKERINGII

aa. Patches of vomerine teeth on a line with interior nares.
b. Phalanges of fourth toe with 3 free from web. ANDERSONII
bb. Phalanges of fourth toe with 2 free from web. VERSICOLOR

Hyla pickeringii (Holbrook).
PLATE 22!
Pickering’s Tree Toad. Peep. Peeper.

Head measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body to
end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 3 normally ;
greatest width of body 244; snout a trifle over 2 in head; eye
234; mouth about 1*/,); width of mouth about equal to length
of head; interorbital space measured from eye-sockets 2%; fore
limb about 2 in head and trunk; head and trunk about 174 in
hind limb. Body broad, depressed both above and below, and
when viewed from above of somewhat ovoid pattern, with
greatest bulge a trifle posterior to middle of length of head and
trunk. Constriction posteriorly greater than that anteriorly,
which is obtuse. Form broad above, especially anteriorly, other-
wise slender, and pelvic bones barely forming an angle at last
3g of head and trunk. Head broad, rather large, well de-
pressed both above and below, and obtuse in front. Snout
short, broad, convex both over surface and in profile as viewed

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 105

above, and its length about % its width. Eye a little elongate,
scarcely elevated in profile, and about midway between tip of
snout and shoulder, or about over last fourth of mouth. Mouth
large and gape horizontal. Lips thin, firm, upper slightly over-
lapping lower all around when mouth closes. Lower lip firm,
scarcely developed. Viewed below mouth appears broadly con-
vex with upper edge of snout well produced in front. ‘Teeth
along edge of upper jaw uniserial, even, obsolete, minute, more
or less concealed by upper lip and absent from mandible.
Vomerine teeth small, in 2 posteriorly approximated patches a
little behind median line between internal nares, and but slightly
separated. ‘Tongue large, ovoid, broad, posterior edge barely
notched, surface minutely papillose and largely free except an-
terior attachment at symphysis. Internal nares rather large and
placed equidistant to edges of bony interorbital width. External
nostrils near upper front lateral edge of snout and space between

Ax Oo ¥% ¥

Pickering’s Tree Toad. Hyla pickeringii (Holbrook).

barely more than half of interorbital space. Internasal space
shallowly concave. Interorbital space with shallow concave
median depression, and over each eye a slight convexity. Loreal
space with an oblique depression from external nostril to eye.
‘Tympanum deeper than wide, vertical diameter about 2% of hori-
zontal orbital diameter, rounded, short space behind eye, half
below, and middle about over rictus. Skin smooth, sparsely
pustular above, and under surface closely granulated over most
all portions. Pectoral region and chin sparsely granulated.
Granules on belly largest and best defined. A cutaneous fold
across breast not especially pronounced. Fore limbs inserted
about first 24 in head and trunk, rather slender, and reaching
a trifle beyond insertion of hind limbs, though not to vent.
Fingers rather long, 4, rather broadly depressed, dilated at tips
into broad disks, and that on third finger about half size of

1066 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

tympanum. No web at bases of fingers. Third finger longest,
about half rest of arm, and others all more or less subequal. Disk
on inner finger smallest. Counting disks on each lower surface
of fingers at articulations of phalanges 2 on first and second,
and 2 on each of others. A couple of small palmar tubercles.
Hind limb long, slender, femoral region a little less than tibial,
and rest of limb 114 in their combined length. Fourth toe to
tarsus */, space of heel, longest, and others all graduated down
to first which is shortest, third and fifth subequal and next in
size to fourth. A slight basal web. Disks well developed on
toes, according to size of latter. At articulations of phalanges
tubercles on lower surfaces. Counting disks 2 on first, 3 on
third and fifth, and 4 on fourth. Sole with 2 rather small
tubercles, one at base of each outer digit. Vent superior. Color
in alcohol pale brownish with a well-defined narrow lined or
Saint Andrew’s cross of dusky on back. A \“-shaped mark a
short distance behind cross on each side, with direction parallel
to posterior of cross angle. Another broad) “-shaped mark
between eyes with angle directed back. A deep brown streak
from front side of snout through eye and fading out’ at groin.
Legs barred above with transverse brownish streaks, and whole
upper parts sprinkled with dark dots. Posterior femoral region
variegated brownish, and anteriorly plain. Feet pale brownish:
Iris slaty. Length 2°/,, inches. Found about sticks on side of
hill above Kinkora, on Kinkora Creek, in Burlington County.
October 16th, 1906. Dr. C. C. Abbott, T. D. Keim and Ey Wea
Fowler.

Color of the above in life, above nearly flesh-color with a
slight tinge of coppery reflected in some lights. Cross on back
of faint gray, bifurcate behind on each side backwards. Inter-
ocular bar gray. Bar across each femur and tibia gray. Lower
surface of body translucent brownish. Throat and femoral
region dull brownish-yellow. Granulations on belly whitish.
Feet translucent brownish. A brownish streak from tip of snout
to eye, then back over tympanum, and afterwards continued to
groin as a grayish blotch.

Dr. Abbott says it is similar in habits to Acris in spring, but
becomes arboreal about Trenton in the fall and winter. Its note

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 107

is shrill, though not continuous. The vocal sac collapses suddenly
or very quickly, suddenly distends, and then collapses again as the
peep is heard. They do not appear to him to vary much in color.
The throat or vocal sac is dusky-purple in the breeding season.
During the very mild January of 1906, Dr. J. Percy Moore re-
ports them as having been heard near Woodbury, and Mr, J. A.
G. Rehn also reports that several weak notes were heard near
Staffords Forge or West Creek, Ocean County. At the same
time Dr. Abbott also noted it at Trenton. Near Sewell on April
tst, 1906, I heard a number of these toads by midday. The morn-
ing was cold at first with thin ice all about, which in a short time
had thawed in most places, so that in the hollows, which were
apparently not at all frozen during the night, some of these toads
peeped occasionally. Perhaps only several calls would be heard at
rather rare intervals, and then in a short time others growing more
numerous. The animals were in all probability only aroused
from their benumbed state by the warm action of the sun. On
the upland the action of the wind, which was blowing, made it
difficult at times to make out their cries. Though said to be
our most abundant eastern species, it is seldom found, and is in
evidence usually through its voice. Cope states, as I have ob-
served, that “after the rattling of the Acris gryllus in the marshes
and river banks in the lowlands is fairly under way, during: the
first bright days of spring, the shrill cry or whistle of this little
creature begins to enliven the colder swamps and meadows of the
hill country. Different individuals answer each other with differ-
ently toned voices of a single note. This is exceedingly shrill
and loud; the muscular force employed in expelling the air from
the lungs seems to collapse the animal’s sides till they nearly
meet, while the gular sac is distended with each expulsion to half
the size of the head and body together. They are chiefly noisy
in the end of the afternoon, but in shady situations or on dark
days may be heard through the morning and noon. When the
breeding season is over they may be still found, but with diff-
culty, among fallen leaves in low places, where their color admir-
ably adapts them for concealment, or in cellars, or on the ground
in the woods. Not till the approach of autumn do we have
evidence of their ascent into the trees. Then when the wind is

108 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

casting the first frosted leaves to the ground, a whistle, weaker
than the spring cry, is heard, repeated at intervals during the
day, from one part of the forest to another, bearing considerable
resemblance to the note of the purple finch, Carpodacus pur-
pureus, uttered as it is flying. These voices are heard during the
same season, that of the Hyla being distinguishable as slightly
coarser, or more like a squeak. Both are associated with the
weak chirp of the Dendroica coronta as it gleans its insect food
on its southern flight. These are the latest sounds of autumn,
and soon disappear before the steady advance of the ice king.”

Hylodes pickeringii Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 805.

Hyla pickeringii Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Hyla pickeringi Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98,
Norn, p19! ;

Rana ocellata Forster, Transl. Kalm’s Trav. N. Am., I, 1770,
P. 379:

Hyla andersonii Baird.*

PLATE 23.

Anderson Tree Toad.

Anderson Tree Toad. Hyla anderson Baird.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body to
end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth 4, most likely much
less in life; greatest width of body 234, and this also greatest
width of head; snout 21/,); eye 3; mouth about 11/2); width of
mouth greater than head; interorbital space, measured from
eye-sockets, 234; fore limb a little over half length of head and
trunk; head and trunk about 1% in hind limb. Body broad,

* The Proc. Nat. Sci. Assoc. Staten Is., III, 1893, p. 2, contains an erroneous
record for Clifton on Staten Island, N. Y., afterwards corrected in the same
journal by J. C. Thompson, 1893-95 (1896), p. 13.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 109

depressed both above and below, and when viewed above elon-
gately ovoid, bulge anterior, or at shoulders, and profiles gradu-
ally convergent posteriorly. Form slender, and pelvic bones
forming but slight angle near last #/; in length of head and
trunk, though processes not especially elevated. Head rather
large, broad and obtuse, depressed both above and below, with
former surface more convex and latter more or less flattened.
Snout short, broad, convex both over surface and in profile as
viewed above, its length about half its width. Eye a little
elongate, a little high, placed nearly midway between tip of snout
and shoulder, or about over first 34 in gape of mouth. Mouth
large, gape nearly horizontal, or but shghtly undulate in profile.
Lips thin, and upper overlapping edge of mandible when mouth
closes. Lower lip very firm, or hardly developed. When viewed
below mouth appears slightly more broadly convex than profile
of upper jaw, which protrudes a little in front. Teeth obso-
letely minute and apparently uniserial above, perhaps none in
mandible. Vomerine teeth minute, about %4 of eye horizontally,
in 2 oblique series convergent towards parasphenoid between
internal nares. ‘Tongue large, broad, rounded, slightly indented
posteriorly, and surface finely papillose. ‘Tongue broadly adnate
in front though sides posteriorly, and all of posterior edge, free.
Internal nares placed equidistant to edges of bony interorbital
width. External nostrils well within limits of bony interorbital
space, a little superior on front side of snout. Internasal and
interorbital spaces more or less levelled, median depression slight.
Loreal region slightly concave. ‘Tympanum rounded, a little
deeper than wide, and close behind eye above rictus, its vertical
diameter about 3% of orbit horizontally. Skin above smooth,
minutely corrugated. ‘That on limbs similar. Throat, belly and
lower femoral region areolated, or presenting a papillose appear-
ance. Apparently no keels or glandular folds. A cutaneous
fold across throat, and another across breast. Fore limbs in-
serted about first third of head and trunk, slender, and when
appressed reaching a trifle beyond groin. Fingers 4, slender,
disks small, or less than half diameter of, tympanum, barely
depressed towards their bases, and not webbed. Third finger

110 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

longest, a trifle over 2 in rest of arm, and other fingers all more
or less subequal. At each articulation of phalanges a small
tubercle. Palm with 2 rather large tubercles, outer a little larger.
Hind limb very long and slender, femoral and tibial parts equal,
though remaining portion of limb a little longer. Toes long,
slender, webbed a little basally, fourth longest, 334 in space to
heel, first shortest, second a little longer, and third and fifth
subequal, though still a little longer. Disks small. Internal
metatarsal tubercle ovoid and distinct, though none external.
Vent superior. Color in alcohol faded dull brownish above, and
whitish below. Eyes slaty. Length nearly 4 inches. In a
swamp near Jackson. Dr. Joseph Leidy.

Color of the above in life. Whole upper surface a rather deep
pea-green, paler upon sides and margin of upper lip. A narrow
band of purplish-brown commences at the external nares, passes
through eye and including tympanum, loses its lower border a
little beyond insertion of humerus. Color becomes paler upon
sides, where it is of an ashy-mulberry tint, and extends as far as
origin of femur. Anterior to this point margined below by
large irregular spots of beautiful saffron, which are continued
upon anterior and posterior faces of femur and whole under sur-
face of tibia, upon a ground of a paler shade of same color.
Upper front surface of tarsus, 3 inner toes and webs of external,
small area behind humerus and posterior surface of latter, and
lower front face of fore arm and inner finger, tinted and spotted
in same manner. Upper surfaces of femur, tibia, humerus and
fore arm same color as back, that of humerus separated from
green of jaws by an isthmus of purplish shade, and that of
tibia separated anteriorly from saffron of its lower surface by a
band of mulberry. Green of back and extremities everywhere
margined with pure white, except posteriorly on femur and tibia
and anteriorly on former, where saffron takes its place. Green
crosses rictus and forms an oval spot on each side of throat.
Borders of latter and chin tinged with mulberry. Beneath
whitish flesh-color. Exposed surfaces of anterior and posterior
extremities wheres not green of a shade intermediate between
mulberry and chocolate. (Cope. )

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. Il

Besides the above described example I have examined the one
collected at Clementon in Camden County, May 14th, 1go1, by
Mr. H. L. Viereck.. I remember having seen this in life. It was
then bright pea-green above. After having been in alcohol sev-
eral years it has changed to a plumbeous or slaty-gray color
above with paler or whitish borders to brownish of sides and
dark lateral stripes. The limbs though plumbeous above are only
so to carpus and tarsus, which are a pale brownish like entire
under surfaces of limbs. ‘Throat, breast and belly pale or whitish.
This example is about 17 inches long. Dr. Abbott tells me
that the example Peters sent to him from May’s Landing alive
uttered a sound more like a clatter, or sharp click, something like
that made by the virginia rail. The vocal vesicle resembled that
of Hyla versicolor. It appeared to take in a big breath and pro-
duced about 6 clicks as the air escaped. Mr. Peters reported
that he heard a sound which was more shrill than the one de-
scribed above, and then captured the specimen. Mr. Witmer
Stone mentions that he heard some tree toads in a swamp near
Medford whose call was different from that of any other species
with which he was acquainted, so that he was inclined to think it
was possibly that of the present form. No examples were ob-
tained. However in view of this it may be questioned if the ani-
mals were not Pseudacris or some other Hyla?

Besides the above examples this species is now known from
only-4 other recorded examples, and the type taken at Anderson,
South Carolina. These are, 1 from May’s Landing taken June Ist
1888 (Rev. J. E. Peters), 2 from Pleasant Mills June 17th 1889
(Dr. J. Percy Moore), and 1 from Lakehurst September: 5th
1905 (Mr. Wm- T. Davis). Mr. Davis recently reports it
abundant at the latter locality.

Hyla andersonu Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p.
154.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 805.—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., No. 34, 1880, pp. 365, 459, Pl. 83, fig. 1 (type figured) .—
Peters, Am. Nat., XXIII, 1889, p. 58.—Abbott, Am. Nat.,
XXIV, 1890, p. 189.—J. P. Moore, Am. Nat., XXVIII, 1894,
p. 1045.—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901, p. 342.—
Davis, Am. Nat., XX XVIII, 1904, p. 893.—Davis, 1. c., 1905,

Tia REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE) MUSEUM.

p. 795.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 163.—Dickerson, Frog
Book, 1906, p. 131, Pl. 7, figs. I1-4.—Davis, 1. c., XLI, 1906,

Pp. 49.
Hyla anderson Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98,
No. 10, p. 19 (comp. evid.).

Hyla versicolor Le Conte.
PLATE 24.

Common Tree Toad. Tree Toad.” Tree Frog.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 1n body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth 214; greatest

Common Tree Toad. Hyla versicolor Le Conte.

width of body 2; snout 21% in head; eye 244; mouth about
11/,,; width of mouth much greater than head; interorbital
space, measured from eye-sockets, 244; fore limb about % in
head and trunk; head and trunk about 144 1n hind limb. Body
broad, depressed both above and below, and when viewed from
above slightly ovoid with bulge a trifle posterior to middle of
length of head and, trunk, then constricted rather gradually pos-
teriorly. Form rather robust, and pelvic bones forming but
slight angle about first 34 in head and trunk, though processes
not especially elevated. Head large, broad, depressed both above
and below with former surface perhaps a little more convex and
obtuse in front. Snout short, very broad, convex both over sur-
face and in profile as viewed above, and its length about 2%
in its width. Eye a little elongate, high, and about midway

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 113

between tip of snout and shoulder, or about over first 34 of gape
of mouth. Mouth large, and gape nearly horizontal. Lips thin,
firm, and upper overlapping edge of mandible when mouth closes.
Lower lip very firm, scarcely developed. Viewed below mouth
broadly convex, slightly more so than upper profile of head, as
snout and upper lip protrude a little. ‘Teeth obsoletely uniserial
in upper jaw, and apparently absent from mandible. Vomerine
teeth small, in 2 small patches a little convergent posteriorly be-
tween internal nares, and patches but slightly separated. ‘Tongue
thick, large, fleshy, surface finely papillose, and slightly notched
along its posterior edge, at which region it is also free for about
half its length. Internal nares placed equidistant to edge of bony
interorbital width. External nostrils well within limits of bony
interorbital space, and a little superior on front side of snout.
Internasal and interorbital spaces more or less levelled, and me-
dian depression very shallow. Loreal region slightly concave.
Tympanum rounded, nearly circular, close behind eye above ric-
tus. Skin warty, rather coarsely tubercular with finer granula-
tions intermixed, except on loins, and anterior and posterior faces
of thighs. Lower surface with granules distinct, and well-defined,
though less conspicuous on throat, palms and neck. A prominent
and distinct fold of skin across throat, and another across breast
better developed. Fore limbs inserted about first third in head
and trunk, rather short and stout, and reaching a little beyond
groin, though not to end of trunk. Fingers 4, broad, depressed,
dilated at tips into broad disks, and that on third finger nearly
equal to tympanum in diameter. A slight web connects fingers
at base. Third finger longest, about 224 in rest of arm, and
others more or less subequal, with fourth a little shortest. Disk
on inner finger smaller than others. Hind limb rather long and |
slender, femoral and tibial regions of about equal length, and
rest of limb about a third again as long. Toes well webbed, and
with well-developed disks, those of first and second least devel-
oped. Fourth toe longest, first shortest, second next in size and
third and fourth about subequal. Vent superior. Color in alco-
hol pale brownish, with slightly deeper gray-brown blotches on
back indistinctly. Across element of each limb a pair of deeper

8 MU

114 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

brownish broad bars well defined. Upper femoral region mottled
and vermiculated whitish and deep brownish. Lower surface of
body pale brownish or creamy-brown. Limbs below, and lower
surface of feet pale. Eyes gray-brown. Length 4™% inches.
Morristown. Dr. Fisher.

Dr. Abbott says it is abundant near Trenton in warm weather.
‘They were found to have power to change color to some extent,
as an example found on a beech would turn from gray to dark
brown when placed on an oak. ‘he vocal sac when inflated is
very marked, though apparently it does not distend to the extent
of that of H. pickeringu. It collapses by a series of jerks as the
cry is gradually emitted. They usually do not begin to call much
before late April.

fiyla, versicolor Ve Contes Anni iN. Yaclye.) Nata bse
pt. 2, 1825, p. 281.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat.. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 343.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 108.—
Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1836, p. 101, Pl. 17 (ref. infers).—
Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 115, Pl. 28.—Abbott, Geol.
N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Am. Nat., XVI, 1882, p. 707.—
Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Abbott, Pop. Sci. Month.,
XXXIV, 1889, p. 165.—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34,
1889, p. 373, Pl. 64 (skeleton).—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 20.

Family RANIDZ.
The Frogs.

Upper jaw toothed. Usually vomerine teeth. Vertebre pro- .
ceelous, without ribs, processes of sacral cylindrical or very
slightly dilated. Fingers 4, and toes 5, free or webbed, and with
their tips sometimes dilated. Sternum usually well developed
and furnished with a bony style. Pupil mostly horizontal, some-
times vertical. ‘Tongue usually emarginate. Ear well developed,
- with tympanum. Liver with 3 lobes.

A large family chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere and East
Indies. Most are aquatic and similar to our common frogs. A
single genus within our limits.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. IIs

Genus Rana Linneus..
The True Frogs.

Key to the species.

a. No black ear-patch conspicuous.
b. Males with external vocal sacs.
c. A glandular fold on each side of back; legs very long, heel reach-
ing to or beyond tip of muzzle; back with 2 series of longitu-

dinal ellipsoid blackish blotches. PIPIENS
cc. No glandular fold on each side of back; legs short; back with
irregular obsolete blotches. VIRGATIPES

bb. Males without external vocal sacs.
d. No glandular fold on each side of back; size very large.
CATESBEIANA
dd. Glandular folds 2 or more on back; size moderate.
e. A glandular fold on each side of back; back spotted
irregularly or plain; tympanum of male larger than eye.

CLAMATA

ee. Glandular dorsal folds 4; back with large quadrate brown

blotches; tympanum not as large as eye. PALUSTRIS

aa. A black ear-patch conspicuous. SYLVATICA

Rana pipiens Schreber.
PLATE 25.
Leopard Frog. Shad Frog. Spring Frog.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body to
end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth 2274 normal; great-
est width of body 234; width of head, at posterior margins of
tympani equal to its length; snout 244; eye 3?/,; mouth 1'/,);
width of mouth 11/;; interorbital space, measured from eye-
sockets, 5; fore limb 144 in head and trunk; head and trunk 144
in outstretched hind leg. Body rather elongately ovoid in pro-
file as viewed above, and after bulge constriction forming evenly
back. In form rather slender, or with more or less entirely ovoid
trunk, depression both above and below slight, so that surface is
well convex. Pelvic bones forming obtuse angle in profile along
back about 34 length of trunk, though processes not especially

11 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

elevated. Head moderately small, conic, depressed below, and
less so above where slightly convex. Snout rather long, largely
convex above, its length about 24 its width, and when viewed
above with rounded truncate tip to constrictions of sides. Eye
elongate, not much elevated over upper profile, placed a little
nearer tip of snout than shoulder, or about over first 34 in gape
of mouth. Mouth large, gape a little convex in profile with con-
vexity superior. Lips thin, and most all of upper overlapping
edge of mandible when mouth closes. Lower lip very firm, or
hardly developed. When viewed below mouth rather triangular,
so that it would be isoceles, though tip broadly and convexly
rounded, with more truncated profile of snout protruding well

Leopard Frog. Rana pipiens Schreber.

beyond. ‘Teeth fine, short, firm, more or less even, and in nar-
row or single series in upper jaw. Apparently no mandibular
teeth. Vomerine teeth minute, in form of 2 small separate
patches on each side of median line, though close to one another
and between internal nares. ‘Tongue large, ovoid, with bulge
posterior, and posterior margin with a rather deep median in-
cision. Sides and posterior part of tongue all free, and its sur-
face minutely and densely papillose. Internal nares placed equi-
distant to edges of bony interorbital width. External nostrils
rather conspicuous above on sides of snout, a trifle nearer its tip
than eye, and internasal space about equal to that of bony inter-
orbital. Internasal and interorbital spaces nearly evenly level or
with but slight median depression. Loreal region slightly con-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. LIZ

cave. Tympanum rounded, close behind and partly below eye,
and a trifle shorter than horizontal diameter of same. Skin per-
fectly smooth over entire body. A number of rather large pa-
pillz around vent, most numerous and large just below. From
tip of snout on each side a glandular fleshy keel to eye, and em-
bracing nostril in its course. From behind eye this keel larger
and pale in color, and extends back to postinguinal region. In
their courses these keels will be seen slightly concurrent with
outer profile, as viewed above, and with their greatest divergence
at ovoid bulge of same. Just along edge of upper lip a pale
elevated glandular keel extends back till above axilla, and it
begins on side of tip of snout. Vocal vesicles developed. Fore
limb inserted about */; in length of head and trunk, compara-
tively large and robust, and when appressed reaches beyond 1n-
sertion of hind limb a trifle. Fingers 4, large, attenuate, not
webbed, swollen towards bases and upper surfaces only towards
latter convexly depressed a little. Third finger longest, 2% in
rest of arm, and first finger subequal. Second finger shortest,
and fourth but little longer. Large tubercle on base of hand dis-
tinct, and tubercles distinct at articulations of outer 3 phalanges
of second and fourth fingers, present only at articulation of sec-
ond phalange of first finger, and second and third articulations
of third finger. Hind limb very long, femoral region robust, and
equals tibial. Space between tip of fourth toe and heel 114 in
rest of hind limb measured to vent. Fourth toe longest, very
slender, and measured to incision of longest web, 51% in rest of
limb to vent. Web of hind limb extending on fourth toe all
space except 2 terminal phalanges. ‘Tubercles at articulations
of phalanges of fourth toe 4, 2 on fifth, 3 on third, 2 on second
and 1 on first. Fifth toe perhaps a trifle longer than third, and
others graduated down to first. Cuneate tubercle well developed
at base of first toe. Vent superior. Color in alcohol dull drab-
brown above, creamy-white below, hind limbs more deeply col-
ored, and throat and belly whiter. Back with rather elongated
black blotches, a little irregular, and also extending on sides.
Upper surface of hind limbs marked with similar colored bars
and spots, most numerous on upper femoral region. Fore limbs

118 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

blotched somewhat similarly above, though markings larger and
fewer. Feet all with some pale brownish. Glandular keels on
back whitish. Iris slaty. Length 7 inches. Near Cold Spring in
Cape May County October 7th, 1906. T.. D. Keim and H. W.
Fowler.

About Dennisville, in Cape May County, Messrs. T. D.
Keim and H. Walker Hand, and myself, observed this frog in
September of 1906. An adult example was brown above gen-
erally, in life, with here and there a greenish shade, especially
on middle of back, and becoming greenish-yellow on groin and
upper surface of legs posteriorly. Blotches on upper surface of
body blackish-brown, with pale edges, and producing a somewhat
ocellated appearance. Ridges down back coppery-cream, also
from side of snout below eye to shoulder, only paler. Lower
surface of body livid whitish, legs and feet more or less trans-
lucent. Iris coppery-brown, especially narrow ring around pupil,
upper margin light, and blackish streak from pupil below to lower
edge. Coloration otherwise as usual. ‘These animals were used
as pike-bait, when trolling.

Color of adult in life drab-olive above, with rather obscure
ellipsoid black blotches in several somewhat irregular series.
From behind each eye a pale yellowish-white streak to groin.
Also 1 on each side of head from tip of snout to axilla, and a
similar tint on tarsus. Lower surface of body white, sprinkled
_more or less with dusky around edges. Throat soiled whitish.
Feet and claws brownish, and webs same tint. ‘Tympanum
brown. Iris coppery. Fresh-water pools at edge of salt-marsh,
Palermo, Cape May County, April 15th, 1906. G. Z. Hart-
man, TI. D. Keim, and H. W. Fowler. Tadpoles of several
inches were olive above with obscure dusky spots. Caudal
peduncle olive, fin transparent diluted warm brown specked with
dusky-brown. Iris brown. Belly pale with dusky tints of pale
buff and coppery on costal and green region. ‘Throat dusky with
dull gilded and coppery tints. Sides of body coppery, clouded
with dusky or blackish. Found also abundantly in the fresh-
marsh pools at the edge of the salt-marsh. The frogs were all
in the water, and were difficult to capture, as they appeared to

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 119

be shy, quickly sinking out of sight among the aquatic vege-
tation, after the manner of the sphagnum frog. They would
usually sit more or less submerged near shore. ‘They uttered
their cries at this season, according to reports, though we did
not hear them. A large cluster of eggs was found submerged
among the vegetation. Each capsule was rather elongated or |
lozenge-shaped. During April of 1906 many frogs were croaking
in the marshes of Mantua Creek tide-water. Masses of eggs were
found on the 8th. They were probably this species, and were
laid only submerged in large clusters over and attached to a few
dead grasses. The frogs were shy and only approached with
difficulty. They immediately stopped their noise if a bird flew
over, or one approached, to sink quickly out of sight. Mr. David
McCadden found this species on the point at Ocean City, August
roth, 1906. His was a bright green example. Mr. Wm. J. Fox
has observed them in warm weather at Sea Isle City. About
Cape May they are the most abundant species on the edge of
the salt-marsh in rain-soaked places, or fresh swamps. Mr. H.
Walker Hand and myself first observed them in April of 1904,
in company with Acris gryllus crepitans, Natrix sipedon, and
— Chelopus guttatus. Most of those we saw then were dark like
the Palermo examples. During October of 1906, about the
same localities, Mr. T. D. Keim and myself saw a number of
interesting variations. I have examined a number of examples
from White Pond in Warren County taken in October of 1895
(S. N. Rhoads), Cedar Swamp Creek (EF. D. Cope), Staffords
Forge on June 2nd 1905 (P. Lorrilliere), May’s Landing in the
fall of 1892 (S. N. Rhoads), Medford to the plains in Burling-
ton County in June of r9g01 (Witmer Stone, H. L. Coggins and
J. A. G. Rehn), and Bear Swamp in Burlington County on June
r7th 1901 (W. Stone and J. A. G. Rehn). Dr. Abbott says its
notes are metallic and that he has found it and R. catesbeiana
in springs, near Trenton, in winter, where they were semi-torpid.
They can leap further than any of our other species. Color from
the dark olive or dusky examples already noted to brilliant grass-
green. Many of those observed about Millville and Manu-
muskin, and other places in the southern part of the state, are

120 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

usually more or less bright green, according to Mr. Witmer
Stone.

An example procured along Kinkora Creek, Burlington
County, was muddy-brown in life. Oval blotches on back deeper
brown. Groin bright bottle-greenish marked with dusky. Spots
on femoral region pale greenish. Under surface whitish, soiled
pale dusky on sides. Lips pale dusky, spotted with white. Be-
low, limbs whitish, soiled brownish. Feet pale brownish. Tu-
bercles whitish. ‘This is of the usual adult size. Dr. C. C. Abbott,
T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Rana pipiens Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 163.

Rana utricularius Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 337.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 102.

Rana halecina Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1836, p. 89, Pl. 13
(ref. infers ).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, 1V, 1842, p. 91, Pl. 22.—
Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885,
p. 476.

Rana virescens Cope, Am. Nat., XXV, 1891, p. Ior9.

Rana virescens virescens Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1897-98, No. 10, p. 21.

Rana virgatipes Cope.
PLATE 26.

Sphagnum Frog. Carpenter Frog.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, nearly 3 in
body to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 3% ;
greatest width of body 224; width of head at posterior margins
of tympani equals its length; snout 3; eye 244; mouth 1%;
width of mouth 1%; interorbital space, measured from eye-
sockets, 5; fore limb 2 in head and trunk; head and trunk 1%
in hind leg. Body rather elongately ellipsoid, profile as viewed
above with bulge about midway in head and trunk combined.
Form rather robust, or with more or less ellipsoid trunk, and
rather well depressed above and below, with convex surface.
Pelvic bones forming obtuse angle in profile before last third of.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 12%

length of head and trunk, though processes not especially elevated.
Head moderate, broad, well depressed above and below, though
anteriorly a little convex. Snout broad, largely convex above,
its length about half its width, and when viewed above with rather
narrowly convex profile. Eye elongate, rather large, well ele-
vated, and placed over 4/, length of gape or about first % in
space between tip of snout and shoulder. Mouth large, gape
straight and horizontal. Lips thin and upper overlapping edge
of mandible all around when mouth is closed. Lower lip rather
firm. When viewed below mouth rather elongately triangular,
and rather broadly convex at symphysis so that protruding profile
of upper jaw is seen as less convex. Symphysis of mandible with
a slight fleshy projection fitting into a corresponding depression
in front of upper jaw above, and on edge of lip along each side
of process of mandible a slight indenture. Teeth in upper jaw
fine, short, in a narrow band, better developed anteriorly, and
more or less concealed. No mandibular teeth, edge firm. Vomer-
ine teeth in 2 small closely approximated patches convergent pos-
teriorly, and placed a trifle behind line between inner nares.
Tongue large, ovoid, with bulge posterior, and posterior margin
with a deep incision. Surface finely papillose. Sides and pos-
terior part of tongue free. Internal nares placed a little further
apart than outer. External nostrils conspicuous above on side
of snout in front, much nearer its tip than eye, and internasal
spacé a little greater than bony interorbital width. Internasal
and interorbital spaces nearly evenly level. Loreal region slightly
concave. Tympanum rounded, a little longer than deep, close
behind and partly below level of eye, and its horizontal diameter
about 34 of eye-socket horizontally. Skin smooth over most of
body, back, especially sides from after tympani, and dorsal sur-
faces of femoral and tibial regions more or less granular or papil-
lose, though most coarsely so on costal region. No glandular
folds on back. <A slight keel from below external nostril back
till below tympanum. A groove, narrow and well defined, ex-
tends from posterior margin of eye back over tympanum, and
then down to posterior boundary of vocal vesicle. Vocal vesicles
large and capable of considerable inflation. Fore limb inserted

122 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

about #/, in length of head and trunk, comparatively large,
short and robust, and when appressed reaches beyond insertion
of hind limb, though not to vent. Fingers 4, large, slender,
attenuated, first more swollen at base than others, barely webbed,
and upper surfaces more or less depressed. Third finger longest,
about 2% in rest of arm, and first but a little shorter. Fourth
finger shortest, and second but little longer. A small tubercle
at each articulation of phalanges on lower or under surface.
Carpal tubercles indistinct, though inner inferior portion of first
digit with large padded area. Hind limb moderately long, rather
robust, and femoral region about equals tibial. Space between
tip of fourth toe and heel about equal to rest of leg measured to
vent. Fourth toe longest, slender, and measured to incision of
longest web, 6% in rest of limb to vent. Web of hind limb
extending on fourth toe all space, except 2 terminal phalanges.
Webs well developed on other toes leaving only terminal phal-
anges free. Tubercles at articulations of phalanges on fourth
toe 4, 3 on fifth and third, 2 on second, and 1 on first. Third and
fifth toe subequal, longer than others, except fourth, and first
shortest. Cuneate tubercle rather small, though well developed,
at base of first toe. Vent superior. Color in alcohol dull olivace-
ous-brown with slight traces of dusky or deep indistinctly defined
spots or blotches. Streaks or shades on sides of body pale brown-
ish. Lower surface of body pale creamy-brown, throat soiled
with dusky, and belly indistinctly mottled with same. Under
surface of hind limbs with coarse dusky-brown reticulations.
Feet brownish. Sides marked with dusky-brown. Iris slaty.
Length 434 inches. No. 10,762, Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. Cotype of Rana virgatipes Cope. Mare Run,
tributary of Great Ege Harbor River above May’s Landing,
Atlantic County. E. D. Cope.

On April 23d, 1905, Mr. Thomas D. Keim and the writer,
while investigating the fauna of the Great Egg Harbor river,
obtained a number of specimens of this interesting frog, and were
fortunate enough to learn something of its habits. ‘The species
seems to have been obtained on but 2 other occasions since it
was first found by Cope in October of 1891. Mr. Witmer Stone

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 123

secured one on Shoal Branch of Wading River, near Speedwell,
June 20th, 1901, and on May 31st, 1905, Mr. Paul Lorrilliere
obtained 1 on a branch of the Batsto River near White Horse.
All the above specimens, as well as Cope’s types, are now in the
collection of the Academy, making a series of 32 examples.
Our specimens were obtained at the mouth of Mare Run, the
type locality, and we noticed no other amphibians in this vicinity.
Associated in this locality were many examples of Chrysenvys
picta and Chelopus guttatus, which were constantly bobbing about
in the sphagnum. Enneacanthus obesus, Mesogouistius chetodon,
Erimyzon sucetta oblongus and Notropis chalybeus abbotti were
also abundant. The frogs’seemed to occur exclusively in the
almost submerged masses of sphagnum which line the shores in
many places, and often extend well out in the stream. Here the
water is still and the animals rest more or less below, so that
their dull colors harmonize well with the surroundings. ‘They
were shy and sank quickly out of sight among the aquatic vege-
tation on the approach of danger. In attempting to escape they
would not jump or leap, and when caught in the dip-net moved
about in a rather slow stupefied manner. They swam for short
distances, but were usually able to find suitable shelter close at
hand. The individuals obtained by Cope and Stone did not make
any noise, but when we discovered ours the males were in full
cry, which would seem to indicate that late April was the height
of the nuptial season. The males are provided with distensible
vocal vesicles, and when about to utter their call these sacs are
inflated like little bladders till nearly spherical, and then by
degrees the air is allowed to escape. This gives the sacs the
appearance of collapsing by a series of jerks. As it is done
quickly, each jerk at an interval of a second, the result is a sort
of rapping sound. These ‘raps, or jerks, are about 5 or 6 in
number. The sound produced is peculiar in that it is difficult at
times to detect its source, and if the frog is close is quite startling.
This is due not only to the suddenness, but also to the volume of
sound. On one occasion an example which I captured had his
vocal vesicles well inflated, and though they partly collapsed as
I held him in my hand he did not utter any sound. The call bears

124 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

considerable resemblance to the noise produced by woodchoppers
cutting trees a short distance back in the forest, and it is different
from the cry of any other amphibian, so that when first heard |
suspected it was produced by this species. In life the general color
of the body is muddy-brown above. ‘The lower surface is whit-
ish, with a very diluted tint of dull yellowish in some examples.
This was especially noticeable on the lower surface of the head
and the fore feet. Side of head brownish. A pale brownish line
from behind each eye back toward hind leg, distinct at first, but
fading out gradually behind. Edge of upper jaw of same color,
though with bronzed reflections in some examples. This color
is then continued back as a line-from below tympanum to groin.
Along the flank it is a little paler and sometimes a little broader
than the streak above. It serves to separate similar tinted or
blackish-brown blotches of the lower surface from the color of the
back. Back variegated with obscure blackish blotches nearly as
large as pupil, and the same on the upper surface of the legs.
Lower surface of legs with blackish-brown variegations, which
also extend on the belly, and flanks below, though they vary
greatly. Feet dusky, membranes of hind toes with blackish
blotches. ‘T’ympanum and iris beautiful bronzed-brown, a narrow
ring of bronze encircling pupil. Considerable variation as to
color is observed in the large series of examples before me. ‘This
is striking in the color-markings of the lower surface and is to
be found in both sexes. Some examples have the dusting of
the throat more intense or dark, some nearly white, and in others
it is variegated with diffuse blotches of blackish-brown like those
on the breast. The same is true of the markings of the other
lower regions, though they do not have the dusted appearance. In
the case of 2 large females the markings on the under surface
of the hind legs are very pale. Though there is a great variation
in the extent of the dark coloring of the lower surface, the gen-
eral character of the markings is always retained. No two indi-
viduals are alike and the hind legs.sometimes differ from one
another. Two of Cope’s‘examples are a little smaller than any
of mine, though both are more or less mottled or blotched on the
belly. As this seems to be the case with all of my smaller or

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 125

medium-sized examples, I suspect it to be a character associated
with youth. The style of the coloration of the upper parts is
less variable. In somie living examples I noticed here and there
one a trifle pale, or with paler streaks, or the upper jaw more
bronzed. ‘The lower lateral streak from below the tympanum
appears to vary also, as it is either ochraceous, dull reddish,
brownish, olivaceous or whitish. Some variation may also be
noticed in the skin. Some have the dermal papille rather more
scattered than others. ‘These are usually the smaller individuals,
as the larger ones have a somewhat warty appearance. Mr. J.
A. G. Rehn informs me he heard this frog at Cedar Grove, on
the Oswego River, or the east branch of the Wading River, and
also at Speedwell, during June of 1905. A description of the
cluck of a frog, which may possibly have been this species, was
given to me by Mr. G. Z. Hartman, of Palermo, Cape May
County, who says that the frogs are common about the Cedar
Swamp Creek region. Although diligently searched for in all
suitable localities, I failed to discover any. Mr. Chreswell J.
Hunt informs me that he noted this frog while camping on the
dam of the Rancocas Creek at New Lisbon, in Burlington
County, on the night of May 15th, 1906. During all of the
evening its voice was the sound most in evidence. It was also
abundant at the dam at Brown Mills on May 16th. About the
shores at the head of these ponds were masses of sphagnum
and in these spots the frogs seemed to abound. Although un-
successful in securing specimens, he feels certain of the identity
of the species, as the croak was so different from that of any other
with which he was familiar. He also states that he did not hear
it anywhere along the Rancocas below New Lisbon, which is
well among the pines. During the past summer he heard it at
Whiting. On May 3oth, 1907, Mr. Paul Lorrilliere reports he
heard this frog at Dennisville in Cape May County. The
accompanying figures to this species show a female at
the left. The 2 middle figures are dorsal and_ ventral
views of males with distended vocal vesicles, and the right
is a more usual type of coloration of the male. It has the
vocal vesicles collapsed. In “I'he Frog Book” by Mary C. Dick-

126. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

erson the statement is made that this frog “was first discovered
by Cope, at Atlantic City,’ which is entirely erroneous as Mare
Run is some miles distant. Further, “in the summer of 1905
it was reported as very abundant near this type locality,” is also
wrong, as it was taken at the type locality by Mr. T. D. Keim
and myself. This confusion is probably due to the fact that the
type locality is in Atlantic County.

Rana virgatipes Cope, Am. Nat., XXV, 1891, p. I019.—
Davis, Am. Nat., XX XVIII, 1904, p. 893.—Fowler, Proc. Acad.
Watyoci.. Phila.,..1905;) p- 662, Pl, 40.=—Davisinl. cy, XS
1905, p. 795.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.—Dickerson,
Frog Book, 1906, p. 222, Pl. 13, fig. 3 (2 figures).—Davis, 1.
epee ely [T0755 5.49:

d

Rana catesbeiana Shaw.
IBVATE 27).

Bull Frog.
Jug-O’-Rum. Bloody Nouns. Bully.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 24% in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limb; depth about 2, appar-
ently normal; greatest width of body about 2%; width of head
at posterior margins of tympani a little greater than its length;
snout 2% ; eye 324; mouth but a trifle less than head; width of
mouth a little greater than head; interorbital space, measured
from eye-sockets, about 5; fore limb a little less than half of head
and trunk; head and trunk about 1% in hind leg. Body bulky,
robust, clumsy, rather elongately ellipsoid as viewed above with
bulge about costal region, and constriction about evenly convex
anteriorly and posteriorly. Form slightly depressed above and
below, with most all of surface more or less convex. Pelvic
bones forming an obtuse though rather abrupt angle about 34
in length of head and trunk, and processes rounded convexly, not
elevated. Head large, broad, greatly depressed both above and
below, though with former surface more or less convex. Snout,

\

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 12

NI

short, broad, convex above largely, its length about 214 in its width,
and when viewed above with end but slightly narrowed con-
vexly, though sides sloping gradually and evenly convexly back.
Eye large, elongate, slightly elevated over upper profile, placed
a little nearer tip of snout than shoulder or but a trifle behind
middle in gape of mouth. Mouth large, gape nearly straight

or but slightly undulated in profile. Lips fleshy and firm, upper

Bull Frog. Rana catesbeiana Shaw.

better developed, and closing over lower all way around. Lower
lips more firm than upper with fleshy process at symphysis fitting
in above. When viewed below mouth seen more broadly con-
vex, though slightly more constricted than edge of upper pro-
file, which protrudes well in front. Teeth small, conic, pointed,
even, uniserial and better developed anteriorly, in upper jaw.

128 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

No mandibular teeth, edges of jaw hard and firm. Vomerine
teeth small, in 2 closely approximated patches with front margins
midway between and level with middle of internal nares. Tongue
large, fleshy, thick, elongately ovoid with posterior margin
deeply notched medianly, leaving a pair of long fleshy appendages
directed down throat, and surface entirely papillose. Internal
nares large, in transverse pits, and placed a little further apart
than exterior. E,xternal nostrils rather slit-like, on outer front
of snout and midway between its tip and eye. Internasal space
a little greater than bony interorbital. Both internasal and inter-
orbital spaces flattened. Loreal region slightly depressed con-
cavely. Postero-infraorbital region depressed concavely.
_ Tympanum moderate, slightly oval, a trifle less than eye, placed
behind with lower half below eye, its anterior 24 in front of
rictus, smooth exteriorly, and more or less finely granulated
medianly. Skin more or less smooth, papillose, or somewhat
granular about lower and posterior edge of tympanum, postero-
and supero-femoral and anal regions. Supero-costal region
more or less obsoletely warty, and all about and below this
region finely wrinkled. Under surface of body perfectly smooth.
A fold of skin, bounded by a groove below, extends from can-
thus of eye back over tympanum and then curving around it
extends down behind rictus to shoulder. It then passes around
insertion of fore limb and is lost on breast. No other folds.
Fore limb inserted about first 34 in head and trunk, compara-
tively large and robust, and when appressed reaching a trifle
beyond insertion of hind limb, or falling well short of vent. Fin-
gers robust, 4, rounded, slender, not webbed, a little swollen
at bases, and upper surfaces convex. Third finger longest, about
2 in rest of arm, first but a trifle shorter, second shortest, and
fourth but a trifle longer than it. ‘Tubercle at base of first finger
small. On under surfaces of fingers at articulations of phalanges,
tubercles 3 on third and fourth, though median less developed, and
first and second each with 2,median there absent. Hind limb long,
rather robust, femoral and tibial about equal, and rest of limb
about equal to their combined length measured to vent. Fourth
toe long, slender, and when measured to base at carpus 24 to

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 129

heel. ‘Toes broadly webbed, web extending on to distal pha-
langes, and outer edge of each external with a narrow fleshy
keel. Fourth toe longest, third and fifth subequal, and next in
size, and first shortest. At each articulation of phalanges on
lower surface a tubercle, also at tip of each toe. Inner cuneate
tubercle at base of first toe well developed. Vent superior.
Color in alcohol dull muddy-brown above, back irregularly
blotched with light chestnut-brown, and blotches becoming more
or less indistinct and obsolete on top of head. Edge of upper jaw
broadly oblivaceous-gray. Tympanum brown with a slightly
dusky center. Iris pale slaty, upper eyelid brownish like back,
and lower dull creamy like belly. Upper surfaces of limbs col-
ored like back, though all blotched with dusky-brown. Sides
of body spotted indistinctly with color like belly. Lower sur-
face of body pale creamy-brownish, limbs more or less soiled
with brownish-dusky. Throat more or less soiled with same.
Feet pale brownish. Webs of toes gray-brown. Length 1234
inches. This example from Lenola. Dr. H. A. Pilsbry.
Color in life of a small example from Trenton Junction taken
in October of 1906. Generally muddy-brown above, becoming
grass-green on snout and head more or less. ‘This shade most
intense, or bright, around edges of mouth. Upper surface of all
more or less tinted olivaceous in some lights, and in others a
coppery tinge, especially around pelvic region. ‘Tympanum
grass-green. Posterior edges of both lips narrowly dusky. Iris
beautiful dark golden finely sprinkled with dusky or blackish.
Pupil black. Markings on upper surface of limbs and trunk
obscure dusky-olivaceous, not well defined, and producing a more
or less mottled appearance, or of small obscure mottled areas.
Femoral region blackish, sprinkled above with pale tint of back
and below with whitish, leaving a beautiful series of large irreg-
ular whitish blotches. Palmation of hind limb dusky-black, tu-
bercles pale. Lower surface of all of hind limbs white like ab-
domen, and sprinkled with dusky blotches or spots of more or
less irregular size which fade out on lower femoral region. Ingu-
inal region blackish with light spots, and others also extend
along in brownish of costal region. Lower surface of fore limb
Q MU

130 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

white, margined broadly posteriorly with blackish or dusky.
Throat whitish with dull or light greenish-olive cloudings pro-
ducing a soiled appearance. Fingers dusky below, tubercles pale,
with pale streak inside of each. Webs of hind legs dull olive-
gray, with longitudinal darker pencilings.

Dr. Abbott says it was formerly more abundant about Trenton,
and as they were in demand for restaurant purposes have prob-
ably been greatly diminished for that reason. They inhabit
shallow open water, ponds, pools and small lakes, among Nym-
phea and Nuphar beds, though at times they are met with in the
upland swamps. In size they generally reach about 8 inches,
when squatting. Dr. Abbott noted one of about this size which
had swallowed a water snake, Natrix sipedon, which in turn had
tried to swallow a meadow mouse. ‘The snake was about a foot
in length, and the mouse young. ‘The bull frog varies greatly in
color, some being vary dark or dusky-olive, and others light or
bright green. Many are mottled dusky. The smaller ones are
apt to be more green, but not especially variegated. Some of
those which were taken in the debris of springs during winter
were semitorpid. ‘This frog was reported by Mr. G. Z.
Tiartman to occur in the fresh-water ponds at the edge of the
salt-marsh at Palermo, in Cape May County. Occasionally it
will croak a short time in the fall as in the spring. It is
found along the Rancocas Creek at various localities. The
specific name here adopted is exactly as given originally by Shaw,
which has been amended to catesbiana by most writers.

Rana catesbiana Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Sher-
wood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 23.—Stone,
Am. Nat., XL, 1904, p. 163.

Rana pipiens Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p. 81, PI.
15 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 77, Pl. 18.
—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Am. Nat., XXIV,
1890, p. 188.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 131

Rana clamata Daudin.

PLATE 28.

Green Frog. Spring Frog. Bawling Frog. Yellow Throated
- Green Frog. Belly Bumper. Bull Frog. Bully.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 2% in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 234, ap- —
parently normal; greatest width of body about 2; width of head
at posterior margins of tympani equal to its length; snout 234;
eye 234; mouth 1%; width of mouth 1%; interorbital space,
measured from eye-sockets, 534; fore limb about half of head
~and trunk; head and trunk 1% in hind leg. Body stout, robust,

Green Frog. Rana clamata Daudin.

massive, rather elongately ellipsoid as viewed above, and greatest
width about midway in length, so that constrictions are more or
less evenly convex anteriorly and posteriorly. Form but slightly
depressed above, and that over median area which is somewhat
leveled, sides sloping rather abruptly up. Lower surface more
depressed or flattened. Pelvic processes forming an abrupt angle
about 5@ in length of head and trunk, and processes rather con-
spicuous and protruding somewhat. Head rather large, elon-
gate, well depressed both above and below, though with former
surface more or less convex on sides, sloping up rather abruptly.
Snout broad, depressed above, surface more or less convex, and
its length about 17% in its width. When viewed above profile of
snout slightly attenuated convexly in front, with sides sloping

132 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

evenly and gradually back from tip. Eye large, elongate, well
elevated in profile, placed a little nearer tip of snout than shoulder
or about over last % of gape. Mouth large, gape more or less
straight, or but slightly undulate, in profile. Lips fleshy, firm,
upper better developed and closing over lower all way around.
Lower lip more firm than upper, with slight fleshy knob at sym-
physis fitting in above. A single series of small, even and more
or less concealed teeth in edge of upper jaw. No mandibular
teeth, edges of jaw firm. Vomerine teeth minute, in 2 small
closely approximated patches, just. after level of middle of in-
ternal nares. Tongue large, fleshy, thick, elongately ovoid, bulge
posterior, posterior margin deeply notched medianly, leaving 2
well-developed fleshy appendages directed down throat, and sur-
face finely papillose, also porous. Internal nares a little further
apart than external nostrils. Internal nostrils small, on outer
front of snout and further apart than bony flattened interorbital
areas. Loreal region depressed concavely. Tympanum large,
equals eye-socket, rounded, circular, close behind with about
lower third below eye, and rictus falling about half way in its
length. About central third elevated in a shallow prominence,
and its surface barely granulated. Skin more or less finely
wrinkled or mammillated, and slight tubercles on sides. A lateral
glandular fold extends back from eye, convergent posteriorly
towards vent. This fold bifurcates over tympanum above and
passes down along its posterior edge to disappear at shoulder.
A firm elevated keel extends from below loreal region back till
below middle of tympanum. Fore limb falls near first */, in
length of head and trunk, comparatively robust, and when ap-
pressed reaches a little beyond groin, though not back to vent.
Fingers rather slender, and not much enlarged towards bases.
Third finger longest, about 2 in rest of arm, first a little shorter
than third, and second and fourth subequally much shorter. Hind
limb long, rather slender, femoral and tibial regions about equal,
and rest of limb about 1% in combined length of latter measured
to vent. Fourth toe long, slender, and when measured to carpus
24 of space to heel. Toes broadly webbed, extending on to distal
phalanges except that of fourth, and outer edge of each with a
narrow fleshy keel. Fourth toe longest, third and fifth subequal

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 133

and next in size, and first shorter. At each articulation of
phalanges on lower surface a tubercle, also at tip of each toe.
Inner cuneate tubercle at base of first toe small. Vent superior.
Color in alcohol dusky or blackish-brown above. Lower sur-
face of body dull creamy-whitish or brownish. Lower surface
of head and breast soiled brownish. Lower surfaces of limbs
soiled dusky, like breast, and upper surfaces like back. Iris
slaty. Length 6% inches. Shoal branch of the Wading River
at Speedwell, Burlington County. April 30th, 1904. Witmer
Stone and H. W. Fowler.

About Trenton, Dr. Abbott says it is the most common frog
in the tide-water meadows. It is called “belly-bumper’ some-
times, on account of the noise or splash it makes when jumping
into the water and uttering its characteristic cry of alarm. It
_is not affected by low temperature as much as our other species.
In the Indian summer many have been heard uttering their
rattling or vibrating cries, and occasionally as late as the middle
of November. ‘The only other species noted at such times is
the Hyla pickeringit. Dr. Abbott did not note variation in color
to any great extent in this species, but of the multitudes of
examples which I have examined I find it to be most variable.
It is in fact the one frog which may most easily be confused with
Rana virgatipes, or the sphagnum frog. It may be distinguished
from that species perhaps most readily by the color-pattern of
the lower surface of the hind-legs. It frequents to some extent
the same localities, though in habits differs, as it may frequently
be seen entirely out of the water, on shore, or on the banks.
Messrs. P. Lorrilliere and C. J. Hunt found a number of ex-
amples in a branch of the Batsto River, between Goose Pond
and White Horse, in Burlington County, May 31st, 1905.
The note, evidently of this species, was heard near the forks
of Cedar Swamp Creek, in Cape May County, during April of
1906. Also several were seen in the same locality. Mr. T. D.
Keim has found them along the Pensauken Creek and near
Moorestown. Many examples from Swartzwood Lake in Octo-
ber of 1895 (S. N. Rhoads), West Branch of the Wading
River at Speedwell on June 3d 1905 (Paul Lorrilliere), May’s
Landing in the spring of 1892 (S. N. Rhoads), White Pond

134 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

in October of 1895 (S. N. Rhoads), Haddonfield in June
of 1893 and September of 1894 (S. N. Rhoads), near High
Bridge in Burlington County on June roth 1901 (Witmer
Stone and J. A. G. Rehn), Bear Swamp in Burlington County
on June 17th 1901 (Witmer Stone and J. A. G. Rehn), Sussex
County (S. N. Rhoads), Clementon in Camden County on May
14th 1901 (J. A. G. Rehn), between Harris and White Horse
in Burlington County on August 13th 1902 (Witmer Stone
and J. A. G. Rehn), and Braddock’s Mills in Burlington County
in July of 1902 (Witmer Stone).

Rana clamata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt.
2, 1827, p. 336.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, pp. 101, 226.
—Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1880, p. 419, Pls. 51 figs.
2-3, 75 figs. 19-23.—Cope, Am. Nat., XXV, 1891, p. 1019.
—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 22.

Rana flaviviridis Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, pp. 103, 220.

Rana fontinalis Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p. 85, Pl.
16 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 89, Pl. 21.
—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.

Rana hariconensis Abbott, 1. c.

Rana clamitans Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Stone,
Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 163. |

Rana palustris Le Conte.
PLATE 20.

Pickerel Frog. Yellow Legs. Poison Frog. Poison Bully.
Poison Bull Frog. Zebra Frog. Tiger Frog. Marsh
Frog. Grass Frog. Yellow Leg Frog.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 3 in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 3, appar-
ently normal; greatest width of body 27%; width of head at
posterior margins of tympani a trifle greater than its length;
snout 214; eye 3; mouth about 1%; width of mouth but a trifle
less than head; interorbital space, measured from eye-sockets,
about 5; fore limb but a trifle less than head and trunk; head and
trunk about 124 in hind limb. Body depressed, rather broadly
so both above and below, elongately ovoid as viewed above with

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 135

bulge about opposite tympani, which is also greatest width of
body. Constriction posteriorly rather evenly though slightly
convex towards groin. Form rather slender with depressed
appearance. Pelvic bones form an obtuse angle about posterior
third in length of head and trunk, and processes rounded con-
vexly, not elevated. Head large, broad, greatly depressed both
above and below, though with edges of former surface more
or less convex, and sides not especially abrupt. Snout short,
broad, depressed above posteriorly, its length */, its width,
and when viewed above end rather obtusely convex. Eye large,
elongate, slightly elevated over upper profile, placed about mid-
way between tip of snout, and shoulder, or about last 7% in

Pickerel Frog. Rana palustris Le Conte.

gape of mouth. Mouth large, and nearly straight, or horizontal.
Lips fleshy and firm, upper a little better developed and closing
all around or over lower. Lower lip firmer, with slight fleshy
process at symphysis fitting in above. When viewed below mouth
a little more obtuse in profile anteriorly than edge of snout,
which protrudes well in front. Teeth in upper jaw uniserial,
small, even, a little better developed anteriorly, and more or
less concealed by lips. No mandibular teeth, edges of jaw hard
and firm. Vomerine'teeth small, in 2 small posteriorly approx-
internal nares. ‘Tongue large, fleshy, surface finely papillose,
imated and rather closely situated patches midway between

136 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

elongately ovoid with posterior margin deeply notched and each
lateral fleshy end moderately short, directed down throat. Pos-
terior half and sides of tongue all free, its attachment being at
symphysis of mandible. Internal nares large, nearly twice as
far apart as bony interorbital space, and also much further apart
than external pair. External nostrils prominent, falling a little
nearer tip of snout than eye, and on upper sides of snout. Inter-
nasal space a little greater than bony interorbital area. Both
internasal and interorbital spaces flattened. Loreal region with
a depression. “l'ympanum rounded, behind eye, separated by
space about % diameter of same horizontally, its lower half fall-
ing below level of eye, and rictus falling about midway in its
width. Width of tympanum a trifle less than its depth, its median
surface a little roughened and outer area smooth. Skin all more
or less finely punctured with minute depressions over 4 longi-
tudinal glandular ridges of back, outer of which extends down
from each eyelid above. On upper surfaces of hind limbs sim-
ilar depressions, and a few on humeral region above, and ulnar
region posteriorly. Lower surface all more or less with similar
pits, though middle of throat more or less smooth. Sides of
body and limbs largely smooth. Posterior femoral and ventral
regions rather coarsely papillose, especially former, though be-
coming smooth gradually towards knee. An obsolete groove
from canthus of eye back over tympanum above towards
shoulder, and below eye another back under tympanum in same
direction, though both these very obsolete. Fore limb inserted
first 24 in length of head and trunk, robust, when appressed
reaching insertion of hind limb, or but little posterior, and far
from vent. Fingers robust, 4, slender, cylindrical, rather
swollen at bases, especially first, and upper surfaces a trifle
depressed basally. ‘Third finger longest, slender, about 2%
in rest of arm, first next in size, or longer than fourth, and sec-
ond shortest. ‘Tubercle at base of first toe very large, 2% its
length, then a rather large median tubercle on palm, though
larger than external at base of fourth digit. Fingers with a
very slight web between bases. On under surface of each
finger a tubercle at each joint and at extremity of each, 3 on

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 137

first, 2 on second, 3 on third and 3 on fourth. Hind limb long,
slender, femoral region a trifle less than tibial with former meas-
ured to vent, and rest of limb 114 in combined length of former.
Fourth toe long, slender, and when measured to base at carpus
24 to heel. Toes broadly webbed, and web extending to all of
distal phalanges except that of fourth toe. Outer edge of
external and internal toe with a slight keel. [Fourth toe longest,
third and fifth subequal in size, and with others graduated down
to first, which is shortest. At each articulation of phalanges on
lower surface a small tubercle, also at tip of each toe. Arranged
as 2 on first and second toes, 3 on third and fifth, and 4 on
fourth. A small inner cuneate tubercle at base of first digit and
small obsolete one at base of fifth. Color in alcohol deep slaty-
gray above, sides and lower surfaces of limbs yellowish to
orange-yellow, especially on hind legs. Back with 2 median
rows of large irregular blotches, and another series at each side
on slaty-gray ground-color. On costal region below these a
series of rounded blackish blotches. ‘Tympanum in blackish
blotch extending back from eye. A blackish blotch on lore, 2 in
interorbital region, and r on snout posteriorly above. Lips
rather finely spotted with blackish, also breast, under surface of
hind legs, and post-femoral region to some extent. A pale gray-
ish streak along spotted area on side of upper lip. A black blotch
on front of shoulder, 1 at elbow, another across fore arm, and
palm -yellowish blotched with black. Hind limbs barred above
with blackish transversely, 3 over femoral region, 3 over tibial
region, 2 over tarsus, and 3 over digits. Lower surface of hind
legs mottled yellow and black. Webs of hind legs dusky-orange
mottled with darker. Iris slaty. Length 53¢ inches. Kinkora
Creek, tributary of the Delaware above Kinkora, in Burlington
County. October 16th, 1906. Found in woodland by Dr. C. C.
Abbott, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Color of the above in life, above pale brown with coppery
reflections, especially down to lateral folds on back. Blotches
on back olive-brown. Fold along upper lip pale coppery-brown.
Lower surface of body whitish, breast and chin spotted with
blackish, shoulders underneath soiled dusky, also throat. Under

138 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

surface of limbs yellowish to orange-brown, deepest on groin.
Fore limbs below soiled with dusky, above blotched with olive-
brown. Fingers pale above, translucent below, and tubercles
pale, otherwise with blackish markings. Spots on sides of body
and groin black. Femoral region speckled with blackish, trans-
verse blotches above olive-brown. On hind limbs below some
small blackish spots. Webs of hind toes translucent olive with
blackish specklings. [ympanum and iris coppery, speckled
blackish.

Dr. Abbott says it is nearly as abundant as Rana pipiens about
Trenton, and equally distributed, usually preferring the long
grass. It does not appear gregarius like R. pipiens, but is usually
more or less solitary. It takes the longest leaps of any of our
species, and occurs about most any damp grassy place if the
grass is rather long. It makes a long harsh or rather. tremulous
croak. I have examples from Bridgeton, White Pond in October
of 1895 (S. N. Rhoads), and Haddonfield on September 2d, 1894
(S. N. Rhoads).

Rana palustris Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1836, p. 93, PI.
14 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, IV, p. 95, Pl. 23.—
Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885,
p- 476.—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10,
p. 21.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 163.

Rana sylvatica Le Conte.
PLATE 30.

Wood Frog.

Head, measured to posterior edge of tympanum, 244 in body
to end of trunk, not including hind limbs; depth about 3%
apparently normal; greatest width of body 3; width of head at
posterior margins of tympani a trifle more than its length;
snout 214; eye 3; mouth 1%; width of mouth about equal to
length of head; interorbital space, measured from eye-sockets, 4;
fore limb a little over half length of head and trunk; head and
trunk 14 in hind leg. Body depressed, rather broad, and slightly

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 139

ovoid as viewed from above, with greatest width at tympani.
Constriction posteriorly slight. Form rather elongate and
slender, and depression below greater than that above where
sides are more or less abrupt, and median surface somewhat
levelled. Pelvic bones forming an obtuse or rather abrupt angle
about last 24 in length of head and trunk. Processes rounded
and not much elevated in profile. Head large, broad, greatly
depressed both above and below, though former surface more
or less convex. Snout depressed, its length 134 in its width, and
when viewed above rather convergent triangularly, tip slightly
rounded, and sides sloping evenly and convexly back to tympani.
Eye rather large, elongate, slightly elevated over profile, placed
nearly midway between shoulder and tip of snout, or about last
third in length of mouth measured from tip of snout. Mouth

Wood Frog. Rana sylvatica Le Conte.

large, gape but slightly undulate in profile. Lips fleshy and
firm, upper better developed, and closing over lower all around.
Lower lip firmer than upper, with fleshy process at symphysis
fitting in above. When viewed below mouth more broadly con-
vex than edge of upper jaw which protrudes well in front. ‘Teeth
in upper jaw hidden by lip, uniserial, small, equal, and those in
front of jaw larger than others. No mandibular teeth, edges
of jaw hard and firm. Vomerine teeth very small, in 2 small
widely-separated patches between internal nares, so that space
between each is about same. ‘Tongue large, rather thick, fleshy,
elongately ovoid with posterior margin deeply notched medianly,
leaving a pair of fleshy obtuse appendages directed down throat,
surface entirely papillose, free more than half its length behind

140 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and on sides to tip in front. Internal nares moderate, and a
little further apart than external. External nostrils high, on
sides of snout, and a little nearer eye than tip of snout. Inter-
nasal space a little greater than bony interorbital, and both
a little flattened. Loreal region somewhat concave. Tympanum
rather small, slightly ellipsoid vertically, close behind and about
half of its diameter below eye. In size equal to about 2% hori-
zontal diameter of eye, and with smooth surface. Skin of upper
and exposed portions of body and limbs more or less roughened
by minute and close-pressed tubercles, with here and there a
larger interspersed, and apparently not glandular or secretive.
Largest and most prominent tubercles on sides and posterior por-
tion of back. Posterior and inferior faces of thighs granulated
about 36 its length as well as small portion of belly and pubic
region. Sides scarcely granulated, though rather distinctly pustu-
late. Rest of body below smooth. Skin pierced by innumerable fine
pores. A fold of skin as a continuation of light stripe along
edge of upper jaw extending back just above middle of arm and
thickened behind. A rounded depressed fold begins at posterior
end of eyelid and curves a little downward to tympanum, send-
ing off a short branch along its posterior border, and then con-
tinues along side of body to insertion of hind limb. Fore limb
inserted about first */,, in head and trunk, well developed, fore
arm shorter than hand, and comparatively robust. When
appressed reaching a little beyond insertion of hind limb though
not to vent. Fingers robust, 4, rounded, slender, conic or taper-
ing from thickened bases, not webbed and upper surfaces basally
rather convex. Third finger longest, about 2 in rest of arm, first
but little shorter, second shortest, and fourth but a trifle longer
than latter. On under surfaces of fingers a tubercle well devel-
oped at each articulation, 3 on first, 2 on second, 3 on third and
2 on fourth. ‘Tubercle on palm medianly rather large and well
developed, and one at base of each outer carpals evident. Hind
limb long, slender, and tibial region a little longer than femoral
as measured to vent, and their extended length a little more
than rest of leg. Fourth toe long, slender, and when measured
to base of carpus about % to heel. Toes broadly webbed, web

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. I41

extending on to distal phalanges except that of fourth toe, and
outer edge of each external with a narrow fleshy keel. Fourth
toe longest, others graduated down to first, which is shortest,
with third and fifth subequal. At each articulation on lower
surfaces of toes a tubercle, and 1 at each extremity. Inner
cuneate tubercle at base of first toe well developed, also a small
solar tubercle medianly. Vent superior. Color in alcohol pale
gray-brown above, becoming more pale plumbeous tinted on
sides. Sides of head below eye posteriorly, including tym-
panum, and extending back to an acute angle to a termina-
tion just above insertion of arm or posterior edge of maxillary
fold, deep or rich. blackish-brown. From side of tip of snout
a blackish line to canthus of eye, and posteriorly continued along
edge of dark tympanic partly to axilla. Edges of jaws brown-
ish, lower paler, and both mottled, upper especially so anteriorly.
A whitish streak from sides of tip of snout, becoming bright
below and behind eye, extends back below dark tympanic patch
to shoulder. Anteriorly mottled with brownish of upper lip.
Lores gray. Lower surface of body yellowish-white, very
obscurely soiled on breast. A few small pale dusky specks on
side and back posteriorly. Across upper femoral region 4 gray-
brown transverse bars, and posterior faces mottled with same
color obsoletely, and. brown forming ring around vent. ‘Tibial
and carpal regions with similar transverse bars, 4 on former,
2 on latter and 2 on digital region. Lower surface of hind limbs
like belly. Fore limb of similar coloration, only bars across
upper surface pale and few. Feet and hands brownish. From
gape of mouth brownish extends down on front of shoulder. Iris
slaty. Length 43g inches. Cedar Lake. October of 1895.
Samuel N. Rhoads.

Others with same data. Besides these I have examined
examples from Medford, in Burlington County, taken May 30th,
1905 (C. J. Hunt, and others by Witmer Stone), and Cedar
Swamp Creek (EF. D. Cope). About Trenton Dr. Abbott says
it is not common in the upland. It is also found in the vicinity
of streams though always in timber or woodland. It was found
in woodland almost always in my experience, is a good jumper,

i? REPORT OR NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and while not largely aquatic, it swims well in the water. It
often occurs in cleared woods and makes long leaps with ease. It
is a beautiful animal in life, though varies much in the general
tint of its coloration, sometimes nearly gray, and again others
are found of nearly reddish-brown. In size I have not found
it to exceed the pickerel frog.

Rana sylvatica Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt. 2,
1827, 338.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, pp. 103, 221.—
Eelbroolk; IN. Am, Herp, 1836, p05, Pleas Cref: inters)m——
Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 99, Pl. 24.—Abbott, Geol. N.
J., 1868, p. 804.—Abbott, Pop. Sci. Month. XXXIV, 1880, p.
165.—Sherwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1897-98, No. 10, p. 23.
—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 163.

Class REPTILIA.
The Reptiles.

Limbs, when present, usually adapted for walking or some-
times for swimming, and embracing a single proximal element,
2 propodials, several mesopodials, metapodial and phalangeal ele-
ments. Basicranial axis ossified. Vertebral column consisting
chiefly of centra. A distinct quadrate bone, or suspensorium of
the lower jaw. Cerebral hemispheres larger than mesencephalon,
whose moieties are fully exposed above and not laterally. Cere-
bellum small. Heart with 3 chambers. Aorta derived from 2
aorta roots, which consist of 1 or 2 bows on each side. Lungs
cellular, functional. Gall-bladder, pancreas and fat-bodies pres-
ent. Reproduction viviparous or ovoviviparous. Fertilization
internal. Copulatory organs present. Embryo with amnion
and allantois, and placenta none.

Cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates usually scaly or cov-
ered with bony plates, never with feathers or hair. There is
an incomplete double circulation of the blood, the septum between
the 2 ventricles usually wanting or imperfect. ‘There is no meta-
morphosis after leaving the egg, and the eggs are large and

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 143

mostly provided with a leathery skin. ‘The skeleton is usually
firm, and the nervous system is better developed than in the
fishes and amphibians. ‘The extinct forms are numerous, and
show close relation with the earlier birds.

Key to the orders.

a. Body covered with imbficated scales; dorsal vertebree and ribs movable;
bones of skull separate; jaws with teeth; vent a cross-slit.

b. Mouth very dilatable; bones of mandible, and of head generally, united
by ligaments; limbs wanting, or represented by short spurs on sides
of vent; no shoulder-girdle; no eyelids; no tympanum. OPHIDIA

bb. Mouth not dilatable; bones of mandible united by a bony suture in
front; limbs 4, rarely wanting; shoulder-girdle present; eyelids usually
present; tympanum usually present. LACERTILIA

aa. Body short, depressed, enclosed between 2 bony or cartilaginous shields,
or carapace and plastron, from which the head, limbs and tail may be
protruded; jaws with a horny shield and no teeth; vent roundish or
longitudinal, plaited. TESTUDINATA

Order OPHIDIA.

The Serpents.

Body elongate, terete. Mouth very dilatable, bones of both
jaws and of the palato-pterygoid arch freely movable, united by
ligaments only. Quadrate bone articulated to the skull. Brain-
capsule entirely osseous. ‘Tongue forked, capable of protrusion.
No eyelids. No external ears. Limbs wanting. + Shoulder-
girdle wanting. Pelvic arch usually wanting, rarely rudimentary,
and with hinder limbs represented by small spurs on the sides
of vent. Vent a transverse slit. Copulatory organs present,
paired. Body covered with imbricated scales which are shed as
a whole and replaced at regular intervals.

The snakes may easily be distinguished from most of our other
vertebrates within the limits of the state, by the absence of limbs.

Key to the families.
a. Non-venomous; maxillary horizontal, not excavated; no deep pit between

eye and nostril; upper jaw with solid teeth only, no grooved perforated
fangs. COLUBRIDA

144 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

aa. Venomous; maxillary vertical; a deep pit on each side behind nostril
partly occupying excavated maxillary; upper jaws in front with large
erectile perforated fangs, not grooved in front. CROTALIDA

Family COLUBRID.

The Colubrine Snakes.

Tail conical, tapering. No spur-like appendages to vent. Both
jaws fully provided with teeth, which are conical and not
grooved. No poison-fangs. Facial bones movable. Prefrontal
not in contact with nasal. Transpalatine teeth present. Ptery-
goid extending to mandible, or quadrate. Supratemporal pres-
ent, attached scale-like to skull and suspending quadrate. Max-
illary horizontal, not movable perpendicularly to transpalatine.
Mandible without coronoid bone. Head covered with shields.
Belly covered with broad band-like plates, ventrally as gas-
trosteges, and sub-caudally as urosteges where they are arranged
in pairs.

A very large family of very many genera and species, dis-
tributed over most of the globe, though most abundant in warm
regions.

Key to the genera.

a. Conic head not distinct from cylindrical and rather rigid body.
CARPHOPHIOPS
aa. Head more or less distinct from body, which is not especially rigid.
b. Rostral plate not recurved or keeled. —
c. Anal plate divided.
d. Dorsal scales more or less keeled.
e. Nasal plates 2, with nostril between.
f. Loreal plate present.
g. Dorsal and lateral scales keeled; ventral plates 130

to 170.
h. Posterior teeth not the longer; scales transversely
TOMtOn2ie REGINA
hh. Posterior teeth the longer; scales transversely
23° £0 3ie NATRIX

gg. Lateral scales not keeled; keels of dorsal scales often
obscure; ventral plates 200 to 270; scales trans-
versely 25 to 29. ELAPHE

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 145

ff. Loreal plate wanting; ventral plates 125 to 130; scales
transversely I5 to I7. STORERIA
ee. Nasal plate single, pierced by nostril; loreal plate present
1. Nasal plate grooved; tail short; ventral plates
130 to 140; scales transversely 19. CLONOPHIS
ui. Nasal plate not grooved below nostril; tail
very long, about 4% of length; ventral plates
150 to 160; scales transversely 17. OPHEODRYS
dd. Dorsal scales not keeled.
j. Nasal plate single, pierced by nostril; loreal
plate present; tail long; ventral plates 125
to 140; scales transversely 15. LIOPELTIS
jj. Nasal plates 2, with nostril between; loreal
plate present; preocular plates 2.
k. Head depressed; preocular plates of
nearly equal size; ventral plates 140 to
200 or more; scales transversely 15 to 17.
DIADOPHIS
kk. Head not depressed; upper preocular
plates much the larger, lower sometimes
wanting; ventral plates I70 to 210;
scales transversely 17. BASCANION
cc. Anal plate entire.
1. Dorsal scales all or partly keeled;
head rather long.
m. Prefrontals 2 pairs, or 4 or
more; ventral plates 200 to 250;
scales transversely 25 to 35.
PITUOPHIS
mm. Prefrontals I pair; ventral plates
140 to I80; scales transversely
19 to 21. THAMNOPHIS
ll. Dorsal scales not keeled, rather
loosely imbricated; head short; ven-
tral plates 160 to 240. §LAMPROPELTIS
bb. Rostral plate produced, recurved and keeled; dorsal scales keeled;
anal plate divided; head broad and short; some of posterior teeth
enlarged; ventral plates 120 to 150; scales transversely 23 to 27.
HETERODON

I0 MU

m6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Genus CARPHOPHIOPS Gervais.
The Ground Snakes.
Carphophiops amzenus (Say).
PLATE 31.
Worm snake. Ground snake, Blind snake.

Head small, depressed, continuous with body. Snout broad,
convexly depressed, and when viewed from above broadly con-

Worm Snake. Carphophiops amenus (Say).

vex. It also projects well beyond mandible. Eye small, lateral
and about midway in length of mouth measured from tip of
upper jaw, Or over commisure of third and fourth upper labials.
Frontal plate unevenly hexagonal, shape of plumb-bob, nearly as
broad as long. Internasals angular, about a third size of pre-
frontals, which are also angular, and touch upper front margin
of eye. Parietals large, elongate. Rostral broad and well
developed. Nasal single and nostril in middle of anterior half.
Loreal large and touching front of eye. Postorbital elevated
and quadrangular. Upper labials 5, and graduated back to

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 147

last, which is largest. Inferior labials 6, third largest. ‘Tem-
poral shields well developed, 2 in vertical row behind first tem-
_poral and last upper labial. Scales smooth, dorsal in 13 trans-
verse rows and 164 to tip of tail. Outer row somewhat larger.
Gastrosteges 127 to vent. Postabdominal plates double. Tail
about 7% in length, robust and suddenly attenuated to a sharp
horny point. Body very glossy with waxed appearance. Color
in alcohol deep wax-brown above, lower surface pale immacu-
late creamy-white. Iris pale. Color when fresh above livid-
brown, and reticulations formed by each scale scarcely if at all
darker. Lower surface of body pale salmon-ochraceous, fading
whitish in spirits. Line of demarcation along side of body dis-
tinct and pronounced. Labial plates pale and, like lower surface
of head. Iris brownish. Length 12% inches. This example
taken from a fowl at Trenton, during June of 1906, by Dr. C. C.
Abbott.

In the vicinity of Trenton it was formerly abundant, usually
in woodland, according to Dr. Abbott. In 1868 his statements
that “this common little snake is well known to farmers as having
a decided predilection to dairies and cellars,’ and also “beyond
the trouble caused by their fondness of milk, however, they are
of no harm,” evidently refers more correctly to his Lampropeltis
triangula or L. doliata. ‘This is more evident as he distinctly
states that it is the ‘‘milk snake.” It is apparently rare though
possibly on account of its retiring habits among stones, logs, etc.,
may frequently be overlooked. JI have examined examples from
the above locality, others from Point Pleasant (Witmer Stone),
Beesley’s Point (Samuel Ashmead), and without definite locality
from within our limits (Mr. Tiffany).

Coluber amenus Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 118.—
Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 113, Pl. 23 (ref. infers).

Brachyorrhos amenus Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, III, 1842, p. 115,
Bie 27;

Carphophiops amena Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801.—Ab-
bott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Carphophiops amenus Cope, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898
(1900), p. 735.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No.
8, p. 12.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.

148 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Genus RecinaA Baird and Girard.

The Leather Snakes.

Regina leberis (Linnzeus).

PLATE 32.
Leather Snake. Yellow Bellied Water Snake.

Scales all keeled, about 19 in a transverse dorsal series. Gas-
trosteges 140 to 150. Postorbital plates 2. Color chestnut-

=
F

Leather Snake. Regina leberis (Linneus).

CQ

brown in life. A yellow lateral band and 3 narrow black dorsal
stripes. Belly yellow with 2 brown bands. Length 24 inches.

I have not seen any examples from within the State. Hol-
brook stated it ranges into our limits, and is followed by Dr.
Abbott, though it is possible that the latter’s Tropidonotus leberis
was an error for Thamnophis saurita. Dr. Abbott told me how-
ever that it was not common about Trenton, and is only found
occasionally. It did not appear to him to differ much in habits
from Natrix sipedon. It is said to live most of the time in the

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 149

water and only occurs on land about the banks of streams. It is
harmless in its disposition.

Coluber leberis Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 105,
Pi 20.

Tropidonotus leberis Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 49, Pl. ,
13.—?Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.—Abbott, Nat. Rambles,
1885, p. 476.

Genus NAtTRIxX Laurenti.

The Water Snakes
Natrix sipedon (Linnzus).
PLATE 33.

Water Snake. Brown Snake. Moccasin.
Water Moccasin.

Head depressed, ovoid when viewed above, tapering towards
snout, and distinct from body, or with each side swollen. Snout
depressed, its length 24 its width, and sides sloping rather
abruptly down on loreal regions. It also projects well beyond
mandible. Eye moderately small, placed over commisure of
fourth and fifth superior labial plates, and about half way in
length of mouth. Frontal plate elongated pentagonally, and
posterior angle obtuse. Internasals angular, with their conver-
gence anteriorly approximated. Prefrontals broad. Parietals
large, their convergence approximated posteriorly, forming an
obtuse angle. Superciliaries narrow, forming 1 preorbital and 2
postorbitals. Loreal plate small, with side of prefrontal imposed
above. Rostral broadly hexangular. Nasal large, nostril pierc- .
ing center. Superior labials 8, forming convex ridge, and gradu-
ally enlarged to sixth and seventh. Inferior labials 9, fourth and
fifth largest. ‘Temporal shield touches postorbitals, and followed
by 2 others. Scales on upper surface of body each with a well-
defined median keel, those on sides more obsolete, especially
lowest series. In transverse series over back 23 scales, and 112

150 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

from parietal plate to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 134 to vent. Post-
abdominal plates divided or double. Tail about 5% in length,
tapering rather robustly to tip. Color in alcohol deep dusky-
brown above, becoming paler and more brownish on sides. Gas-
trosteges waxy with whitish streaks, and cuneate markings more
or less dusky-edged. On posterior portion of body these all
more or less soiled dusky like under surface of tail. Otherwise
gastrosteges more or Jess tinted with pale chestnut. Iris pale.
Length 37 inches.

Color of above in life, upper surface deep brown, obscurely
marked with a slightly purplish sheen or bloom in some lights.

Sey.

WSs

lly AY (\)
dceNcorneans!
PSN

UP

Saat

<x

Water Snake. Natrix sipedon (Linnzus).

Brown extends on labial plates, though paler until about middle
of side on trunk, line of demarcation distinct. Lower surface
of body with a ground-color of waxy-white. About 38 transverse
lateral dull umber bands on trunk, and 18 more on side of tail.
These bands at first paler, then becoming more dusky or blackish,
and each edge with same so that those on caudal and trunk pos-
teriorly are more or less entirely diffused blackish. Sides of
body and lower surface washed with pale terra-cotta, tinted brassy
in some lights. Color below paler on thoracic region, and in-
clining to more ruddy tint posteriorly. Lower median surface
of body with a series of blotches of terra-cotta color, at first

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. I51

double or till about first third of length of snake in several irregu-
lar series, and then uniserial medianly to base of tail. These
markings all more or less chevron-shaped at first, and all edged
with dusky to blackish, or their edges mostly sprinkled with
dusky to blackish dots. On lower surface of tail colors become
more mottled. Iris dilute pale olive. Two of these snakes were
found in a fresh-water pond at the edge of the salt-marsh at
Palermo, April 15th, 1906, by G. Z. Hartman, T. D. Keim and
myself.

Abundant, and usually found along the banks of streams or
ponds where it can easily take refuge in the water. It is pug-
naceous, and if surprised or cornered, will strike wildly about,
and though feared and immediately killed by most persons its
bite is but a scratch. The adult attains on the average about a
yard in length. It is a good swimmer and may frequently be
seen Swimming in considerable bodies of water. Here it feeds
on fishes and will sometimes pursue and capture good-sized
cat fish. It also will capture frogs, mice and toads. About
Dennisville, in Cape May County, most persons seem to think
2 varieties of this snake occur, and it also is the case in some
other localities. Usually one is described as reddish with dark
blotches, and the other darker or more uniformly brown with
obscure blotches. These are, I think, largely conditions of age.
I have also observed it at Cape May about the fresh pools along
the edges of the salt-marsh. Dr. Abbott says he found 1 at Lake
Hopatcong which was between 5 and 6 feet in length, though the
maximum size about Prenton is 4 feet. ‘They feed on fish and
frogs, and travel to the uplands, especially in the spring, though
in the meadows they are the most abundant snake. When old
they appear to become duller, only brightening in color some-
what as they shed the skin. In disposition they are savage and
vicious. He also states that they have been known to bite the
teats of the cows which fact has given rise to the belief that they
have sucked them for the milk. This was known, however, only
when the cows waded in the streams in warm weather to rid
themselves of insect pests, or enjoy the refreshing cool water.
A ball of about a dozen or more was reported in the mud in

152 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

spring-water, in February, which may have been hibernating.
Many examples examined from Sea Girt in Monmouth County
’ (S. N. Rhoads), Morris County (Dr. J. C. Fisher), Woodbury,
Clement’s Bridge (J. A. G. Rehn), Salem, and Beesley’s Point
(Samuel Ashmead). The young are abundant and differ very
much from the adult in color. They are marked with distinct
bright blotches.. Persons, apparently reliable, have repeatedly in-
formed me that they have seen the young to the number of a
dozen or more quickly run into the mouth of the parent when
disturbed, or frightened. I have not as yet been able to witness
this performance.

Coluber sipedon Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt.
2, 1827, p. 351.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 114 (copied).
—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 99, Pl. 19 (ref. infers ?).

Tropidonotus sipedon Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 29,
Pl. 6.—Abbott, Nat Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Natrix dipedon Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802 (lapsus for
N. sipedon).

Natrix sipedon Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 166.

Natrix fasciata sipedon Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-
96, No. 8, p. 20.

Genus ELapHe Wagler.

The Pilot Snakes.

Elaphe obsoletus (Say).
PLATE 34.

Pilot Snake. Pilot Black Snake.

Body robust and tapering to both ends. Head small and
scarcely distinct from body, constriction at neck very slight, and
posteriorly sides little swollen in appearance. Snout obtusely con-
vex, depressed, but slightly constricted anteriorly, its length about
1% in its width, and its sides rather abruptly vertical. ‘Snout
projects well beyond mandible. Eye moderately small, about mid-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 153

way in length of mouth or over commisure between fourth and
fifth superior labials. Frontal plate pentagonal, but a trifle longer
than broad, anterior margin nearly straight, and posteriorly con-
vergence ending in a right angle. Internasals rather broad, some-
what angular, and hardly more than half size of prefrontals.
Prefrontals form a convex margin anteriorly, broad, and bending
down over side of snout to meet loreal. Parietals large, broad,

ee
RE 4
(A q

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ar

x

Se

5_L——\1 >
AJ hs

C/((ives 21)))))
ely

Pilot Snake. Elaphe obsoletus (Say).

and convergence posteriorly broad with but slight median notch.
Rostral rather large, triangular in form. Nostril large, piercing
commisure between nasals about midway in its extent. Loreal
trapezoidal, higher in front. Supraocular moderate, a little
shorter than frontal, convergent anteriorly. Preocular rather
large. Postoculars 2, subequal, and rather small. Upper labials
8, moderate, sixth and seventh largest, and eighth also large.

154 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Lower labials 12, fifth and sixth largest. ‘Temporal plates 2,
small, and followed by about 3 more series of smaller ones.
Scales all more or less smooth, median series down back slightly
keeled, and keels disappearing progressively down sides of body.
Scales in 22 series counted transversely over back, and 326 in a
longitudinal series from parietal plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges
210 to vent. Urosteges double. ‘Tail about 5 in length of body,
and rapidly tapering to a slender tip. Color in alcohol deep
umber-brown, obsoletely variegated with about 40 or more deep
brownish obscure blotches or saddles down middle of back. These
blotches very ill-defined and of more or less nebulous appearance.
On each side of this area a slightly pale streak extends longi-
tudinally, and more or less speckled or mottled obscurely with
brownish. ‘Then below this another dark area colored like middle
of back longitudinally, and also bounded below by another
slightly speckled streak. Gastrosteges at first creamy-brown, but
posteriorly and with urosteges becoming more or less obscure,
with large blotches of slaty-brown or dusky. Anteriorly on body
these markings are seen as lateral blotches extending on lateral
edges of a pair of abdominal plates, then skipping 2 or 3. As
they progress posteriorly inner slaty quadrate blotches alternate
with their inner corners, which encroach more or less posteriorly
on paler abdominal color though always leaving a median pale
streak, sometimes largely of spots. On under surface of tail pale
color vanishes altogether posteriorly. Labials, mandible and
under surface of head, creamy-brown. Iris pale slaty. Length
60 inches. Stone Harbor, Cape May County. May, 1901.
David McCadden.

This is the only adult example I have seen. Mr. McCadden
tells me he secured it unawares, as it was coiled and basking, or
napping in the sun. When seized in the hand it made consider-
able commotion, and was quite powerful in its contortions. Pos-
sibly the accounts of large black snakes credited to this region in
former times may have reference to this species rather than to
Bascanion.

A small example 1334 inches in length, taken at Dennisville
and received from Samuel Ashmead, is most likely the voung
of this species. Mr. Stone has recorded it as Calopeltis obsoletus

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 155

confinus, a form of which the type seems to have been lost, ac-
cording to Cope, and which is also without definite locality. It is
colored brownish-white generally, in alcohol, with about 44 deep
brown saddle-like blotches down the back. Along the sides a
series of similar-colored small blotches alternate, and each usually
opposite a dorsal saddle. A second series of brownish blotches
along each outer portions of gastrosteges, extending over 2 to
4 scales alternately, and more or less with a narrow median unin-
terrupted pale area entire length of body. At first these gastro-
stegeal spots pale and not very pronounced, but gradually become
deeper. ‘Top of head pale brownish-white with an antero-orbital
connecting dark brown band. A narrow dark brown band from
lower margin of eye to rictus. Head otherwise pale brownish-
white, save a few inconspicuous pale brown specks on parietal
and frontal plates. Scales on back all more or less entirely
smooth.

In Monthly Bulletin of the Pa. State Dept. Agric., IV, 1906,
on Pl. 25, Prof. H. A. Surface gives a photograph of this inter-
esting stage. ;

Calopeltis obsoletus Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96,
No. 6, p. 16.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 166.

Calopeltis obsoletus confinis Stone, |. c.

Genus Storeria Baird and Girard.

The Brown Snakes.
Key to the species.

a. Preoculars 2; postoculars 2; upper labials 5 or 6; no black spot below
eye; belly usually red. * OCCIPITO-MACULATA
aa. Preocular single; postoculars 2; upper labials 7; a dark spot below eye;
belly always whitish. DEKAYI

Sa50 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Storeria occipito-maculata (Storer).

PLATE 35.
Red Bellied Snake.

Body slender, tapering anteriorly, and cylindrical. Head a
little distinct from body, and neck somewhat constricted. Form
of head depressed, flattened more or less both above and below,
and as viewed above rather broadly convex. Snout broad, de-_
pressed above, its length about */, its width, and sides rather
abruptly vertical. Viewed above snout seen to be rather broadly
convergent with edge obtusely convex, and profile also obtuse,
projecting well beyond mandible. Eye rather large and placed
over commisure of third and fourth upper labials. Frontal
plate broadly subpentagonal, anterior margin scarcely angled,

q\ TV eels :
jee

A A we

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KYRA re

KYRA

DESO

Red Bellied Snake. Storeria occipito-maculata (Storer).

posterior obtusely angled, and sides straight with wide posterior
convergence. Internasal rather large and subangular, more
than half of prefrontals. Prefrontal rather large and broad,
and bending down a little over edge of snout to postnasal. Par-
ietals very large, broad, posteriorly convergent, and median
notch pasteriorly distinct. Rostral broadly lunate, scarcely im-
pinging on anterior edges of internasals. Nostril largely on an-
terior nasal plate at internasal commisure. Postnasal larger than
prenasal. No loreal. Supraocular elongate and rather widely
convergent anteriorly. Preoculars 2, subequal. Postoculars 2,
upper a trifle larger. Temporal long and followed by a series
of 2 smaller ones. Upper labials 6, rather elongate, and fifth
and sixth longest and largest. Lower labials 7, and fifth largest.
Pregenials longer than postgenials. Scales on back strongly

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 157

keeled, and keels extending down on sides, more or less obsolete
along lowermost series. ‘Transversely over back 15 series of
scales, and 163 counted from parietal plates to tip of tail. Gas-
trosteges 111 to vent. Tail tapering gradually to a slender point,
about 4 in entire body. Color in alcohol uniform dull olivaceous-
gray above. Sides of body along each outer portion of gastro-
steges dull plumbeous-gray, finely speckled or dotted with dusky.
Gastrosteges otherwise dull brownish-white. Along each side of
neck anteriorly a deep dusky spot on outer portions of gastro-
steges, which soon gives way posteriorly to specks in lateral
streak. Lower surface of head grayish. Just behind parietal
plates, and scales after second series of temporals, a series of
3 ill-defined creamy-white blotches over back of neck, 1 median
at occiput and another on each side not interrupting grayish
streak along side. Urosteges like belly in color, and line of de-
marcation along sides of tail very distinct. Iris pale slaty.
Length 7% inches. Bear Swamp, Burlington County. Novem-
ber Ist, 1903. Witmer Stone.

The above described example is the only one I have seen. Dr.
Abbott tells me it is common above Trenton, and was not found
about his residence, but along the rocky portions of the Assan-
pink Creek. It is entirely harmless and inoffensive, and may
usually be met with in dry woods on the ground. It is also
variable in color, the white on the neck suggesting the ring neck
snake. ~

Storeria occipitomaculata Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1895-96, No. 8, p. 22.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.

Storeria dekayi (Holbrook).
PLATE 36.

DeKay’s Brown Snake. Brown Snake. DeKay’s Snake.
Spotted Snake. Spotted Adder.

Head scarcely distinct from body or without constriction at
neck, ovoid as seen above, and sides hardly swollen posteriorly.
Snout rather obtuse, convex, its length about 1% in its width, and

158 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

sides rather abruptly vertical. When viewed above obtusely
convex with rather broad convergence. Snout obtuse in profile
and projecting well beyond mandible. Eye moderately large,
and placed over commisure of third and fourth upper labials.
Frontal plate hexagonal, broad, convergence rather broad, pos-
teriorly with straight sides, and posterior angle steeper than
anterior. Internasals rather broad and somewhat angular, much
more than half size of prefrontals. Prefrontals broad and bending
over side of snout down to postnasal. Parietals large, rather
elongate, convergence posteriorly .moderate, and median emar-
gination shallow. Rostral rather broadly crescent-shaped. Nos-
tril pierces internasal commisure which separates 2 rather large
nasals. No loreal. Supraocular narrow and long. Preocular
single and large. Postoculars rather long, 2. Upper labials 7,

a,
BND
Lie

So =

DeKay’s Brown Snake. Storeria dekayi (Holbrook).

of which seventh is largest, and fifth larger than sixth. Lower
labials 7, and fifth largest. Postgenials equal to pregenials.
First temporal largest, wedged between parietal and last 3 upper
labials, and followed by a row of 2 more. Scales on back strongly
keeled, and keels becoming obsolete or lost at lowest lateral
series, in I4 transverse series, and 185 between parietals and tip
of caudal. Gastrosteges 124 to vent. Urosteges double. Tail
about 31% in length of body, and narrowly attenuated to a sharp
tip. Body rather thick in middle and tapering towards each end.
Color in alcohol grayish-brown above, with a clay-brown longi-
tudinal median dorsal line or band margined parallel on each side
by brownish, and deep brown spots interspersed their entire
length. On each side of these dark streaks a longitudinal dorso-
lateral series of brownish spots. A deep brown shade on each

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 159

side of occiput. A blackish oblique bar crossing temporal plate
posteriorly over commisures of last or sixth and seventh labials.
A blackish blotch from lower margin of eye in commisures of
third and fourth, and fourth and fifth labials. Head above dotted
with deeper brownish than ground-color. Each of gastrosteges
_ with brownish at each end and here and there a dusky dot in
same locations. Iris slaty. Length 95@ inches. May’s Landing,
in Atlantic County. Spring of 1893. S. N. Rhoads,

Rather abundant. Most examples which I have noted were
found near towns where they do not appear to be especially dis-
turbed by the encroachments of civilization. They may be
frequently found under old tins and waste matter on old dumps.
Their ability to successfully combat such conditions is probably
due to their protective colors, small size, and reproductive powers.
The disposition of this animal is usually mild and gentle, seldom
assuming the offensive. It is entirely terrestial, and though
I have taken it about meadow or swampy land it was never
in the water, and never even on very moist ground. Dr. Abbott
says that in the vicinity of Trenton it is found in the meadows
and heavy damp pastures. It is a fine swimmer and will take to
the water when pursued, though not diving.

Tropidonotus dekayi Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.

Storeria de kayi Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Storeria dekayi Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No.
8, p. 21.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.

Genus CLoNoPHIs Cope.

The Kirtland Snakes.
Clonophis kirtlandii (Kennicott).
PLATE 37.

Kirtland’s Snake. .

Head not distinct from body, depressed, and but scarcely
swollen on sides posteriorly. Snout rather convexly depressed,
its length about + its width, and sides rather abruptly vertical.

160 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

When viewed above obtusely convex with convergence rather
broad so that entire shape is seen as elongately ovoid. Snout
also projects a little beyond mandible. Eye moderately small,
placed about midway in length of mouth, or over commisure
_ between third and fourth superior labials. Frontal plate hexa-
gonal, longer than broad and slightly convergent posteriorly. |
Internasals rather broad, somewhat angular, and a little more
than half size of prefrontals which are quadrangular and bend
down over side of -snout to loreal. Parietals large, rather
elongate, and with broad convergence posteriorly. Rostral

earerane)
DMN Hh
DAD AIATI

Kirtland’s Snake. Clonophis kirtlandi (Kennicott).

moderately broad. Nostril pierces internasal commisure, which
separates 2 nasal plates. Loreal small. Supraocular and pre-
ocular rather long, and former larger. Postoculars 2, small.
Upper labials 6, last elongated, and fourth and fifth deepest.
Inferior labials 7, fifth largest. ‘Temporal long, and 2 others
above posteriorly. Scales strongly keeled, dorsal in 19 trans-
verse rows and: 192 to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 130 to vent.
Urosteges double. ‘Tail about 474 in length of body, and nar-
rowly attenuated to sharp tip. Color in alcohol faded pale sandy-
brown, belly and under surface scarcely paler, though wax-like.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 161

Down each side about 52 distinct deep brown blotches to vent,
and a number of others continued along side of tail but apparently
fading out posteriorly. At latter edge of each of gastrosteges
a small brownish dot so that 2 well-marked series are seen when
viewed below. A deep brownish streak along side of head
includes eye in its course. Iris pale slaty-gray. Length 11%
inches. Trenton. Dr. C. C. Abbott.

The above-described example is the only one I know of though
another was seen which was not captured. It is said to be an
inoffensive harmless species, but will show self-defense. It is

ean Cased 4
yy 4 | CERETRETI: eae
Kirtland’s Snake. Clonophis kirtlandii (Kennicott).

also said to flatten itelf so that it will appear very broad and thin.
It appears to be sluggish and frequents woodland, generally under
logs.

Tropidoclonion kirtlandi Cope, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 340.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801.

Clonophis kirtlandi Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164 (from
Cope).

II MU

162° REPORT OF NEW $JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Genus OpHeoprys Fitzinger.
The Summer Snakes.
Opheodrys estivus (Linneus).
PLATE 38.

Summer Snake. Green Snake.

Head little distinct from body, though neck slightly constricted,
well depressed, elongately ovoid as seen from above, with great-
est width or bulge well posterior. ‘Temporal region scarcely
swollen. Snout broad, or about as long as broad, surface rather
levelled or flattened, and as viewed from above rather conver-

Summer Snake. Opheodrys estivus (Linneus).

gent, with tip bluntly convex in front. Sides of snout rather
steeply vertical with a depression in loreal region. Eye rather
large, placed over commisure of third and fourth labials. Frontal
plate elongately hexagonal, broad, convergent sides convex pos-
teriorly, and angle most acute posteriorly. Internasals rather
broad and large, and rostral scarcely impinging anteriorly. Pre-
frontals much larger, and like internasals with edges abruptly
bent over sides of snout. Parietals large and rather broadly con-
vergent posteriorly. Rostral broadly crescentic. Nostril pierces
front of elongated nasal plate. Loreal plate large, subtrape-
zoidal. Supraoculars elongate, narrowly triangular, and sur-
face convex. Preocular large, single, much broader above than

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 163

below. Postoculars 2, subangular, and lower smaller. Upper
labials 7, with sixth largest. Lower labials 8, with fifth largest.
Postgenials longest. "Temporal elongate, and followed by a series
of 2 scales with lower largest. Scales all well keeled over back,
and keels becoming less elevated down sides, those in about first 2
series immediately above gastrosteges smooth. About 15 series
of scales transversely over back, and 295 counted from parietal
plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 152 to vent. Urosteges double.
Tail about 124 in body, and very slender and whip-like towards
tip. Color in alcohol olive-bluish or slaty on back, and median
dorsal region darker than sides, which are more or less entirely
with bluish tints. Under surface of body creamy-white. This”
color also extending anteriorly over lower surface of head entirely
to inclusion of upper labials, and to tip of tail, though there more
or less grayish tinted. Iris dull grayish. Length 27 inches.
Braddock’s Mills in Burlington County. July 26th, 1902. Wit-
mer Stone.

Most frequently met with in the southern part of the state,
though in my experience rather scarce. It is usually confused
with Liopeltis and generally regarded as poisonous though of
course quite harmless. Its food consists largely of insects. ‘The
green snake, evidently this species, is reported from Dennisville
in Cape May County, where however it is said to be rare. Mr.
McCadden found it at Cape May Court House.

Coluber estivus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V., pt.
2, 1827, p. 357.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 121.—Hol-
brooks Nin Ane clecp, ID 1838, p. 119, ceIh 27.

Leptophis @stivus Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 17,
Pl..27.

Opheodrys estivus Cope, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 560.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 14.

Cyclophis estivus Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Cope,
Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 784.—Stone, Am. Nat.,
XL, 1906, p. 166.

164 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

‘Genus LiopELtis Fitzinger.

The Green Snakes.
Liopeltis vernalis (Harlan).
PLATE 30.

Green Snake.

Head little distinct from body, depressed, ovoid, and with tem-
poral region slightly swollen. Snout rather obtusely convex in.
front, depressed somewhat, its surface more or less convex, its
length about 34 its width, and its sides more or less abruptly ver-
tical. When viewed above convergence of snout seen as rather
broad. Snout projecting well beyond mandible. Eye moderate,
placed a little anterior in length of mouth or over commisure of

Green Snake. JLiopeltis vernalis (Harlan).

third and fourth upper labials. Frontal plate elongately hex-
agonal, anteriorly with broad convergence and posteriorly nar-
rowly so, each side slightly concave. Internasals broad, with
rostral extending in between in front so as to form an obtuse
posteriorly directed angle. Prefrontals much larger, quad-
rangular, and bending down over side of snout to loreal. Pari-
etals large and rather broadly convergent posteriorly. Rostral
moderately broad, and triangular as seen in front. Nostril
pierces. front of single elongate nasal plate. Loreal small, only
present on left side. Supraoculars rather long, not especially
convergent anteriorly. Preoculars and postoculars 2, latter a
little larger. Upper labials 7, sixth largest. Lower labials 8,
fourth largest. ‘Temporal elongate, followed by 2 others. Scales

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 165

all smooth, without keels, in 15 transverse series over back, and
174 counted from parietal plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 125
to vent. Urosteges double. Tail about 3% in length of body,
and slender, ending in a sharp tip. Color in alcohol plumbeous
above, and whitish below. Iris plumbeous. Length 11 inches.
irentoms Dr) Ci-C. Abbott.

About Trenton it has been found in the second growth of tim-
ber, though not common according to Dr. Abbott. In life it is
a beautiful animal, and is dark green above, becoming paler on
sides, and lower surface yellowish-white. In the latter respect
it may be easily identified from Opheodrys estivuws. It is per-
fectly harmless, and appears to be more of a member of the up-
land fauna.

Coluber vernalis De Kay, in Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 361.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835,
p. 124 (copied ).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 85, Pl.
Boa ber. inter ).

Liopeltis vernalis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p.
560.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 14.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906,
p. 166,

Genus DitapopHtis Baird and Girard.

The Ring Necked Snakes.
Diadophis punctatus (Linnzus).
PLATE 40.

Ring Necked Snake.

Body rather cylindrical. Head scarcely distinct from body,
depressed, flattened above, obtusely ovoid as seen from above
and with temporal region scarcely swollen. Snout depressed,
broadly and obtusely convex as seen from above in front, its
length about 114 in its width, and its sides more or less abruptly
vertical. When viewed above convergence of snout seen to be
slight, and its front projects well beyond mandible as seen in

166 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

profile. Eye rather small, placed a trifle anterior in length of
mouth or over commisure of fourth and fifth upper labials.
Frontal plate rather broadly pentagonal, constricted moderately
behind with straight sides and posterior angle much more acute
than anterior. Parietals broadly convergent posteriorly, with
median emargination. Internasals small, scarcely overlapping
edges of snout, and about half size of prefrontals. Prefrontals —
rather large and bending down over side of snout a little to
loreal. Rostral large, and rather broadly crescent-shaped. Nos-
tril pierces commisure of nasals, which are rather small, and
2 in number. Loreal rather large. Supraoculars small, rather

Ring Necked Snake. Diadophis punctatus (Linnzus).

broadly constricted anteriorly, and much shorter than frontal.
Preoculars 2, upper rather broad, and lower a little long ver-
tically. Postoculars 2, upper nearly twice size of lower. Upper
labials 8, and seventh largest. Lower labials 8, fifth largest.
Pregenials longer than postgenials. Temporal rather small,
elongate, and followed by another a little smaller. Scales all
smooth, without keels, in 15 transverse series over back, and 225
counted from parietal plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 146 to
vent. Urosteges double. ‘Tail about 4 in body, and tapering
rapidly to a slender tip. Color in alcohol pale grayish above.
Under surface creamy-brown with a deep brownish spot at each

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 167

end of gastrosteges, indistinct on side of neck at first, though
gradually becoming more pronounced. A creamy-white trans-
verse band on upper surface of head width of 2 scales, and in
front and behind a deep brownish area annectant of about equal
extent, and fading off gradually in ground-color of body. First
or anterior of these patches continued forward to include
eye, and around side and front of snout, though narrow
over rostral plate. ‘Top of head finely specked with brownish.
Commisures of about 111th and 112th gastrosteges dusky all
across. Upper labials creamy-brown like lower. Iris grayish.
Length 15 inches. Morris County. Dr. J. C. Fisher.

This harmless little snake feeds on other small reptiles, am-
phibians, insects, etc., and is frequently to be found coiled up
under stones or logs in woodland, and is sometimes met with in
forest paths. It makes no demonstrations of defence when found,
easily suffering capture.

Coluber punctatus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II, 1838, p. 115,
Pi 26— Holbrook, 1 c.; Ediv2, TI, 1842, p. 81, Pl. 18:

Diadophis punctatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801.—Ab-
bott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 13.—Stone, Am. Nat., X'L, 1906, p.
160.

Genus BASCANION Baird and Girard.

The Black Snakes.
Bascanion constrictor (Linnzeus).
PLATE 41.

Black Snake. Blue Racer. Racer. White Throated Racer.

Head slightly depressed, little distinct from body or but slightly
swollen. Snout rather convexly depressed, its length about 1%
in its width, and sides rather abruptly vertical. When viewed
above profile obtusely convex, and convergence gradual, due to
elongated ovoid head. Snout projects a little beyond mandible.
Eye moderate, rounded, placed about midway in length of mouth

168 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

or over commissure of third and fourth superior labials. Frontal
plate elongate pentagonally, anterior margin obtusely convex,
sides concave, and convergence rather narrow to rather obtuse
posterior angle. Its length a little less than that of parietals. In-
ternasals broad, about half size of prefrontals, which are bent
down over each side of snout to loreal. Parietals large, a little
longer than broad, convergence posteriorly broad, and with broad
median emargination. Rostral rather high, broad, and somewhat
wedged between internasals. Nostril pierces commisure between
nasals and internasal, at junction of all 3, and rather large. Loreal

Black Snake. Bascanion constrictor (Linnzus).

rather small, oblique, and trapezoidal. Supraocular elongately
triangular, large. Preoculars 3, uppermost largest, and lowest
very small. Postoculars small. Upper labials 7, fourth in con-
tact with lower postocular and deepest, and sixth and seventh
otherwise largest. Inferior labials 8, fifth largest. ‘Temporals in
2 series between parietal and posterior labials. Scales smooth,
enlarging on sides, thin, posterior angle moderately truncated
to form somewhat hexagonal appearance. Exposed surface of
outer row nearly as long as high. ‘Transverse series of scales
over back 16, and 248 counted from parietal plate down middle of
back to tip of tail. Gastrosteges 182 to vent. Urosteges double.
Tail about 524 in length of body, and narrowly tapering to
pointed tip. Color in alcohol black above, with waxen appearance
and below deep slaty, similarly waxen. Mandible, including alsa

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 169

first 5 inferior labials, some spots along inferior portion of upper
labials, most of rostral below, and some spots on first few gas-
trosteges, pale creamy-brown. Iris dull slaty. Length 55 inches.
Near Blairstown in Warren County. October, 1895. 5S. N.
Rhoads. Also another example, smaller, with same data.

Of frequent occurrence, to the great disturbance of nesting
birds. Easily distinguished from any of our snakes by its shining
black color as it lies about bushes more or less concealed, or darts
actively through the grass for the deceit of most imaginations
that it is very much longer than in reality. It is said to attack
man, and though sometimes it will bite, like the water snake this
is little more than a scratch. It will, however, retreat should the
pursued turn back. It may be easily tamed, and will submit to
captivity. It feeds largely on small mammals, such as mice,
shrews, etc. The constricting power according to Cope is also
not serious, except possibly to a child. Others claim that it is in
no sense a constrictor, taking its prey differently. Dr. Abbott
says it was formerly abundant about Trenton at times, but has
disappeared before the destructive mowing-machines. By most
persons it is not regarded as venomous. About Dennisville, in
Cape May County, this snake is said to occur. Some persons claim
they know 2 varieties, both of which seem to be this species. The
most common form is said to have a white throat, is slender and
will assume the defensive, while the other is said to be more
chunky and entirely harmless. It was reported to occur about
Stone Harbor and Wildwood, Cape May County, several years
ago, though few, if any, seem to have been seen lately. All these
accounts may in part be uncertain, as the pilot snake also occurs
near there.

Coluber constrictor Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 348.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 112.—
Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 75, Pl. 13 (ref. infers).—
olbrook, lc, Hd 2, TI, 1842, p. 55, PR rr.

Bascanion constricor Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.—Lock-
wood, Am. Nat., IX, 1875, p. 5.—Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885,
p. 476.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 15.
—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 166.

17a. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.
Genus Prtuoputis Holbrook.

The Pine Snakes.

Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin).
PLATE 42.

Pine Snake. Bull Snake. Carpet Snake. Horned Snake.

Head small, scarcely distinct from body, ovoid and robust
behind. In form obtusely conical, surface all strongly convex.
Snout rather broadly convex, slightly depressed medianly above,
its length about 114 in its width, and sides sloping down some-
what abruptly. When viewed above rather narrowly convergent,
ending in a rounded tip. Snout blunt in profile, and well pro-
truded beyond mandible. Eye moderately small, a little high,
and placed about midway in length of head, or over commisure
of fifth upper labial and lowest postocular. Frontal plate sub-
pentagonal, rather broad anteriorly with an emargination for
inner prefrontals, and posteriorly converging to well-marked
angle. Inner prefrontals elongated and subtriangular, or con-
vergent posteriorly. Internasals broad, rather large, and sloping
convexly over edges of snout above down to nasals. Prefrontals
rather small, elongate, sloping convexly over side of snout down
to loreal, and expanded below. Parietals large, their length about
73 of width, convergent posteriorly with a slight median notch,
and each with an accessory posterior small plate approximated.
Rostral elevated above surface of snout, narrow, surface very
convex, and reaching most of length of median internasal com-
misure. Nostril large, in commisure of nasal plates, about mid-
way in height of snout. Nasal plates large, anterior larger.
Loreal small, ovoid and horizontal. Supraocular long, superior.
Preocular large, and postoculars 3. Upper labials 8, sixth largest.
Inferior labials 13, fifth largest. TTemporals small, graduated to
lowest, which is largest, and 4 in first row. Scales of back more
or less keeled medianly, though becoming more obsolete till
smooth along sides, in 24 series across back and 270 counted from

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 171

parietal shields to end of tail. Gastrosteges 203 to vent. ‘Tail
about 7°/, in body, robust, tapering rapidly to horny tip. Color
in alcohol light yellowish-brown above, base of each scale dusky
so that outline of each is emphasized in pale color. About 34
dusky-brown or blackish saddles over back, at first obsolete and
scarcely defined till about after first half in length of body after
which they are very sharply defined against pale color of upper
surface. ‘This anterior more or less dusky uniform ground-color

CSA

—

ee

¥

.>Y

Pine Snake. Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin).

due to fact that each blotch is marked with a splash of brownish
on each side on posterior saddles, but progressing anteriorly they
become more or less yellowish-brown, and pale interspaces are
but slightly larger. Sides also in this region more or less speckled
with yellowish-brown. Below in same region on sides, and
alternating -with blotches of back, are smaller and similar-color
blotches which disappear posteriorly. Below and also alternating
are a series of jet-black blotches on each lateral portion of I to

172 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

3 gastrosteges, and alternating with as many as 6 and as few as
4 of latter. On side of tail they disappear or are merged in sad-
dles. Head dusky-brown above speckled with creamy-brown,
which is color of all of under surface. Entire lower surface of
body creamy-brown. Iris slaty. Length 55 inches. Speedwell
in Burlington County. June 2oth, 1901. Witmer Stone and
Jeary Rehn:

This snake is met with in the wild pine-woods of the southern
part part of the State. Dr. Abbott says he has not found it about
Trenton. Mr. J. A. G. Rehn found it fairly abundant about Staf-
fords Forge, Ocean County. It was reported as rather scarce
about Dennisville, in Cape May County, at times. It has been
taken at Pitman Grove. The above-described example is about
the usual adult size.

Coluber melanoleucus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
V, pt. 2, 1827, p. 359.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 122.

Pituophis melanoleucus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840,
p. 71, Pl. 12.--Holbrook, lic." Fad. 2, IV, 1842) po Pe
Lockwood, Am. Nat., IX, 1875, pp. 1, 424.—Lockwood, 1. c.,
XIV, 1880, p. 528.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 166.

Pityophis melanoleucus J. P. Moore, Am. Nat., XX VII, 1893,
p. 878 (eggs).—Cope, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p.
867.

Lampropeltis getula Abbott, Geol N. J., 1868, p. 802 (evi-
dently confused under king snake as it is also called “pine
snake’).

Genus THAMNOPHIs Fitzinger.
The Garter Snakes.
Key to the species.

a. Body slender; lateral stripe on third and fourth rows of scales. SAURITUS
aa. Body robust.

b. Lateral stripe on second and third rows of scales. SIRTALIS

bb. No stripes, 2 rows of square spots on each side. SIRTALIS ORDINATUS

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 173

Thamnophis sauritus (Linnzus).
PLATE 43.

Ribband Snake. Ribbon Snake. Garter Snake. Slender Garter
Snake. Snake.

Head little distinct from body, sides but little swollen pos-
teriorly, rather robust, and more or less depressed above, lower
surface apparently more slightly convex. Snout rather pyra-
midal, depressed or flattened above, its length about 44 its width
as viewed above, and sides rather abruptly vertical. When
viewed above elongately ovoid, with convergence rather abruptly
ending in somewhat blunt or obtusely convex anterior profile.

— —

Sa et

Ribband Snake. Thamnophis sauritus (Linneus).

Snout projects well beyond mandible. Eye moderate, imping-
ing on upper profile, and placed about midway in length of
mouth or over commisure of fourth and fifth labials. Frontal
plate elongately pentagonal, anterior margin obtusely convex, .
sides concave, and converging rather broadly to angle posteriorly.
Internasals broad, rather obtuse, and little smaller than pre-
frontals, which bend down over side of snout to loreal. Parietals
largest, elongate and converging back to an angle, with sulcus
medianly posteriorly. Rostral large, convex. Nostril piercing
commisure of nasals above at its junction with internasal. Loreal
small, trapezoidal. Supraocular large, surface distinctly convex,
and but slightly shorter than frontal. Preocular single, and 3
small subequal postoculars. Upper labials 8, sixth largest.

174 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Lower labials 9, fifth largest. A single large temporal. Scales
on back strongly keeled, dorsal in 19 transverse rows, and 276
counted down middle of back from parietal plates to tip of tail.
Gastrosteges 149 to vent. Urosteges double. Tail about 3 in
length of body, which is elongately slender, and tapering gradu-
ally in a long slender tip. Color in alcohol deep chocolate-brown
on upper surface of body, and longitudinally with 3 well-defined
creamy lines or narrow bands down back. Median beginning in
parietal angle becomes obsolete on tail posteriorly. Lateral be-
comes slaty on tail and also fades out posteriorly. Below it
along side also an annectant chocolate-brown narrow area like
general color of back, though fading out below. Under surface
of head, including all of labials, and body, varying pale or dilute
greenish to brown. ‘This color extends all way to tip of tail.
Iris pale slaty. Length 31 inches. Swartzwood Lake, Warren
County. October, 1905. Samuel N. Rhoads.

Color in life of an adult generally beautiful warm brown
above with 3 longitudinal streaks of buff down back. Pale lateral
sreaks bounded below with a line of brown, though not so dark as
back, and interspersed with small dusky spots. Below this dark
lateral streak a pale terra-cotta tint extending its whole length,
and inclining to creamy-white of lower surface. Side of head
pinkish. Iris rich warm brown. A very striking short whitish
preocular plate. Top of head plain brown, a little paler than back,
and median buff streak beginning suddenly at occiput. Brown of
head becoming pale on snout. Lower surface of head creamy-
white. Line of demarcation of colors of head abrupt, owing to
brown becoming dusky towards middle of side. ‘Taken in a small
fresh rain-pool at the eldge of the salt marsh, Palermo, Cape
May County. April 15th, 1906. G. Z. Hartman, T. D. Keim
and H. W. Fowler. .

Found frequently about streams, but apparently much less —
abundant than its close relative, the garter snake. It is more
slender than the garter snake and with the lateral stripe on the
third and fourth rows of scales, while in the latter it is on the
second and third. It is very gentle and is more aquatic than the
garter snake, easily swimming about small streams. It is largely
insectivorus. Examples are said to attain 3 feet in length, though

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 175

most I have seen were smaller. Dr. Abbott found it at Trenton
in about equal numbers in comparison with Thamnophis sirtalts,
a species which it also resembles in habits. Its food he found
consisted largely of grasshoppers, crickets, etc.

Coluber saurita Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, pt.
2, 1827, p. 352.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 115 (copied).
—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 87, Pl. 16 (ref. infers).

Leptophis sauritus Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 21.

Eutenia saurita Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Thamnophis saurita Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96,
No. 8, p. 18. .

Thamnophis sauritus Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.

Tropidonotus leberis Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.

Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnzus).
PLATE 44.

Garter Snake. Snake. Common Snake. Striped Snake.

Head somewhat distinct from body, sides a little swollen pos-
teriorly, and upper and lower surfaces more or less depressed.
Snout rather obtusely convex, sides of head broadly converging
anteriorly so that when viewed above it is ovoid. Snout more
or less flattened above, its length about 24 its width, and its sides
rather steeply vertical. It projects but a little beyond mandible.
Eye moderately large, barely touching upper profile, and placed
about midway in gape of mouth over commisure of fourth and
fifth upper labials. Frontal plate a little elongated in a pentagon,
anterior margin slightly convex, posteriorly broadly angular,
sides slightly concave, and entire area but little longer than
broad. Internasals rather broad, obtuse, and rather small. Pre-
frontals much larger than internasals, bending down over side
of snout to loreal, and broad. Parietals largest of plates, broad
in front, and narrowly constricted posteriorly where there is a
slight notch medianly. Rostral moderate, triangular in shape.
Nostril rather large, placed in commisure between 2 nasals, just
below that of internasal above. Loreal rather small. Supraocular

176 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

large, surface but slightly convex, equal to frontal in length and
converging antero-laterally to preocular, which is single and
rather large. Postoculars 3, subequal. Upper labials 8, sixth
largest. Lower labials 9, sixth largest. A single large tem-
poral meets median and upper end of lower postoculars. Scales
on back strongly keeled, in 19 transverse rows over back, and
212 counted from parietal plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges
144 to vent. Urosteges double. Tail about 4% in length of
body, which is comparatively robust. ‘Tail tapers gradually to
a slender horny tip. Color in alcohol dull olive-brown, with
grayish cast over back and upper surface generally. Down
middle of back and along each side of body, bounding pale color
of lower surface, 3 narrow pale plumbeous-green streaks or lines,

>

pees OP pay a0

Garter Snake. Thamnophis sirtalis (Linneus).

median most distinct and best defined. Pale lateral streak ex-
tends along second and third series of scales above gastrosteges.
Dark area of back spotted with warmer brown. Along first row
of scales above gastrosteges a number of deep brown small spots
placed more or less alternately about every 2 scales. Below these
at lateral part of each of gastrosteges a small deep brown spot
more or less concealed by overlapping of gastrostege following.
Sides with pale bluish-green tinge, and entire lower surface pale
brownish-green. Mandible creamy, and upper labials pale.
Length 18 inches. Morris County. Dr. J. C. Fisher.

Also 2 others with same data, one larger than that described
above and more brightly colored. It has the upper surface of the
body decidedly bluish in alcohol, the spots all more or less blackish

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 177.

and very conspicuous. Other examples from Trenton (Dr. C.
C. Abbott), and Vincentown (Col. T. W. Bryan). The latter
are very young, and are represented by many specimens. I have
observed this species at Delanco, Burlington, Trenton, Newark,
Ridgewood, Paterson, Medford and Cape May.

Color in life beautiful shining blackish on back, and upper
surface generally, with a double series of alternate jet-black
round spots down each side separated by a dilute dark greenish
median line. On each side of body below these double series of
dark spots, also a dilute greenish line from neck to vent, and then
obscurely along side of tail where very narrow. ‘This also
marked in its course with small jet-black dots. Just below this
a grayish-olivaceous dilute streak spotted finely with blackish,
spots best defined on side of neck, and afterwards smaller and
more numerous. Just below this on edge of each of gastrosteges
a jet-black spot more or less concealed by overlapping, and pro-
ducing a hemisphere. On same portion of trunk another irregu-
lar series of smaller ones. Lower surface of body otherwise
clear hyaline-greenish. Lower surface of head creamy. Head
dusky-brown above, upper edge of each labial blackish.. Iris
brownish. Length 105g inches. Found in fresh swamp along
edge of salt marsh near Cold Spring, Cape May County, Octo-
ber 7th, 1906.

The first warm days of spring are associated with this snake,
the small boy and the tin can. It is very variable, besides being
our most abundant snake, and may be looked for in most any
place. If disturbed it will assume the defensive, but usually
soon becomes quiet if captured. The young are about 6
inches in length when born, and are said to number as
many as 80. They are produced in the late summer and
early fall. I have seen a bundle of the adult snakes
early in the spring, on a warm day, which must have
numbered nearly 50, and sometimes smaller bundles of a dozen.
This habit may be attributed, perhaps, to hibernation, or possibly
several impulses. The garter snake attains a size about equal to
that of the ribband snake, but is more robust.

Coluber sirtalis Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 91, PI.
16 (ref. infers).

I2 MU

178 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM.

Tropidonotus sirtalis Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 41,
Jape

Tropidonotus dirtalis Abbott, Geof. N. J., 1868, p. 802 (lapsus
for T. sirtalis).

Eutenia sirtalis Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Thamno phis sirtalis Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96,
No. 8, p. 19.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 164.

Thamnophis sirtalis ordinatus (Linneus).

Spotted Garter Snake.
Said to differ from the above in the absence of stripes and in
having 2 rows of square spots on each side.
It is closely related to the above, apparently differing only in
coloration. I have not seen any New Jersey examples.
Thamnophis sirtalis ordinata Ditmars, |. ¢., p. 20.
Genus LAMPROPELTIS Fitzinger.

The Chain Snakes.

Key to the species.

a. Color chiefly black. GETULUS
aa. Color grayish or reddish.
b. Alternate spots entirely on scales. DOLIATUS TRIANGULUS
bb. Alternate spots largely on gastrosteges. DOLIATUS CLERICUS

Lampropeltis getulus (Linnzus).

PLATE 45.

Chain Snake. Thunder and Lightning Snake. Thunder Snake.
Wamper. King Snake. Wampum Snake.

Body robust, tapering rather more anteriorly than towards
end of tail. Head conic, little distinct, scarcely depressed, except
anteriorly, and when viewed above rather narrowly elongate so

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. - 179

that general outline would be elongate-ovoid. Snout depressed,
surface convex, its length about 24 its width, and as viewed above
rather obtusely convex in front. Eye small, midway in length
of mouth and over commisure of third and fourth upper labials.
Mouth a little undulate, and gape posteriorly superior. Upper
labials 8, mostly higher than long, and fifth largest. Lower
labials 10, and fifth largest. Rostral broadly lunate, slightly
impinging on anterior emargination of internasals. Postoculars
2, small, nearly equal, and preocular single. Loreal small.

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Chain Snake. Lampropeltis getulus (Linneus).

Supraocular moderate, narrowly convergent anteriorly. Nasals
2, nostril piercing anterior just before commisure. IJnternasals
rather broad. Prefrontals also broad, and nearly twice as large.
Frontal subpentagonal, rather narrowly convergent behind,
and broad in front with scarcely an angle. Parietals broad,
convergent posteriorly, and with a median posterior notch. Pre-
genials shorter than postgenials. Scales smooth, 21 transversely
over back and 256 counted from parietal plates to tip of tail.
Gastrosteges 105 to vent. Urosteges divided, 41 in number.

180 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Tail conic, rather robust, not especially tapering, and its length
7% in rest of body. Color in alcohol deep dusky-brown, lower
surface scarcely if any paler. About 4o creamy-white trans-
verse narrow bands or lines over back which bifurcate on flanks,
bifurcations joining a similar colored spot at gastrosteges. These
lines divide back into a series of large dark hexagons, each
line being about half length of a scale in width. Each pale or
whitish lateral blotch sends off similar colored bar on each lat-
eral portion of I or more gastrosteges. Lower surface of body
more or less speckled with whitish. Head also whitish below,
with edges of scales dark. Some few spots and bars above of
same color. Eye creamy. Length 39 inches. New Jersey. P.
Doyle and B. Badger.

Dr. Abbott says it is rare and timid about Trenton. Mr. D.
McCadden obtained it at Cape May. I have examined examples
from Bridgeton, Beesley’s Point (Samuel Ashmead), and Point
Pleasant (A. P. Brown and Witmer Stone). ‘This snake though
harmless will attack and devour other snakes, even when larger
than itself. On one occasion an example of this species and a
much larger example of Pituophis were confined in a small box
by Mr. McCadden, and when examined a short time after the
smaller king snake had succeeded in swallowing a good portion
of his larger companion. It is said that it will even devour the
venomous rattlesnake, which seems to have earned it the name of
king snake. It also takes other food such as salamanders, lizards,
frogs, toads, small birds, mammals, etc. It is said to occur usually
in moist shady places and never climbs trees or enters the water.

Coluber getulus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 63,
Plssnou (rel iniers).

Coronella getula Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, III, 1842, p.95, Pl. 21.

Lampropeltis getula Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 255.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.—Stone, Am. Nat.,
XL, 1906, p. 167.

Lampropeltis doliatus triangulus (Boie).

Differs from the next in having alternate spots entirely on the
scales.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 181

I have no New Jersey examples, and include this form on the
references to authors.

Lampropeltis triangula Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 256.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.

Lampropeltis dolatus triangulus Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.
Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 13.

Lampropeltis doliatus clericus (Baird and Girard).

[PLate 46. Lampropeltis doliatus (Linneus).]

House Snake. Milk Snake. Spotted Adder.

Body rather robust, cylindrical, and tapering more or less from
middle towards each end. Head little distinct from neck, rather
flat, and as viewed above rather narrowly and obtusely ovoid.
Snout broad, surface convex, its length about 1°/; in its width,
and as viewed above rather obtusely convex in outline, with
broad convergence. Eye small, a trifle anterior in length of
mouth, and placed over commisure of third and fourth upper
labials. Mouth a trifle undulate in profile, and posteriorly only
very slightly oblique. Frontal plate broadly subpentagonal,
scarcely angled on front edge, posteriorly broadly angled with
sides of convergence slightly and scarcely concave. Internasals
small, broad and about half size of prefrontals. Prefrontals large,
broad, and bent over a little on side to loreal. Parietals very large,
broad, widely convergent posteriorly and with a slight median
posterior notch. Supraoculars rather small, convergent slightly
in front. Postoculars 2, upper larger. One preocular, rather
deep. Loreal small, elongate. Nasals 2, anterior larger and
nostril piercing it just before internasal commisure. Rostral
large, and broadly lunate. Upper labials 7, and sixth largest.
Lower labials 9, and fifth largest. Pregenials longer than post-
genials. ‘T'emporals-in 2 series, first of 2 elongate narrow plates
and second of 3 quadrate ones. Scales on back all smooth, in
about 21 transverse series, and 265 counted from parietals to tip
of tail. Gastrosteges 194 to vent. Urosteges double, about 50

18a REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

in number. ‘ail cylindrical, tapering to a pointed tip, and about
6 in entire length of body. Color in alcohol dull brownish-white
over general ground-color, and about 47 broad saddles of pale
tawny-brown with deep black edges or borders, over back.
Alternating on sides small blotches similar in color to those on
back at first, but progressively they become more clouded with
blackish until last ones are more or less entirely black. They
are largely on gastrosteges. After middle of body on outer
portions of gastrosteges, for space alternating every 4, a series
of jet-black gastrostegeal blotches, one to each along each side

of median line. They also continue on urosteges. Ground-
color of under surface brownish-white. Iris slaty. Length 36
inches. Moorestown. Dr. A. EK. Brown.

Color in life deep brown on back or over extent of about 60
saddles which extend to vent, after which they become obsolete
on upper surface. Each of these saddles slightly edged with

dusky though as a rule rather inconspicuous and intervening
narrow areas together with sides grayish, becoming paler below.
Along each side in gray areas about 3 or sometimes more, as
they are irregular, series of warmer brownish spots than saddles.
Some also extending on each edge or sides or gastrosteges of
trunk. Lower surface of head wax-white, becoming more livid
and brownish posteriorly so that lower surface of tail is largely
uniform pale brownish. Head brownish above, sides deep gray-
ish after eye, and labials whitish with deep brown spots. Oculars
pale. Iris warm brown. Length 17 inches. This snake was
taken from another, probably Natrix, which had seized it by the
neck transversely, evidently for the purpose of swallowing. Cold
Spring, Cape May County. October 7th, 1906.

Dr. Abbott says that it resembles Lampropeltis getulus in its
timidity, though more domestic, in the vicinity of Trenton. He

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 183

relates that he saw one curl up and vibrate its tail among dead
leaves and thus produce a somewhat good imitation of the rattle-
snake. I have examined examples from Shower Hill in Cam-
den County taken May 12th 1902 (S. N. Rhoads), at Haddon-
field (Dr. G. Watson), and Trenton (Dr. C. C. Abbott), which
all appear to be clericus. Mr. Witmer Stone is of the opinion

‘

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Ne
KS

House Snake. Lampropeltis doliatus clericus (Baird and Girard).

that all the New Jersey examples he has examined are clericus.
It may be distinguished as a race from triangulus by having
the dark lateral spots more on the gastrosteges. Possibly the
latter may occur in the upland fauna. It is harmless, and a
valuable agent in the destruction of small mammals, many of

184 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

which are injurious to the agriculturist. It has earned the name
milk snake from its frequenting spring-houses, where the dairy-
man keeps his milk. Although it may take milk its occurrence in
such situations is, perhaps, more largely due to the abundance
of frogs and other animal life.

Coluber doliatus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V,
pty 2, 1627, 1p. 362:—Harlan) MedMirhys Res., 1635. pe 125:

Lampropeltis doliata Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.

Ophibolus doliatus Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.

Coluber eximius Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1840, p. 81,
Pi 04, (eis infers).

Carphophiops amena Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. Sor.

Genus HrrrRopon Latreille.

The Hog Nosed Snakes.

Heterodon platirhinos (Latreille).

PLATE 47.

Hog Nosed Snake. Hog Nose Snake. Blower. Blowing
Viper. Adder. Hissing Viper. Spotted Adder.

Head not distinct from body, depressed, and sides not swollen.
When viewed above upper surface of head producing rather even
triangular outline, lines of convergence to tip of snout nearly
straight, where slightly rounded.’ Snout depressed, surface con-
vex and its length about 34 its width. It projects far beyond
mandible, and its sides rather abruptly vertical posteriorly. Eye
rather large, and a little anterior in space between tip of snout
and last lower labial, or with fifth upper labial falling about mid-
way in its own diameter. Frontal plate elongately pentagonal,
rather broadly convex anteriorly, and converging posteriorly to
right angle. Internasals rather small, entirely separated by
azygos or postrostral, and rostal posteriorly. Prefrontals rather
large, broad, and with lateral angle extending down to loreal.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES.

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Hog Nosed Snake. Heterodon platirhinos (Latreille). (Black form.)

186 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Parietals large, very broad, and convergence posteriorly convex
with median slight posterior emargination. Rostral with outline
as viewed above spherical, surface above with median keel, lower
surface flattened, and produced posteriorly between internasals
to join azygos, which in turn is wedged back midway between
prefrontals. Apex of rostral acute, and as viewed in front its
form nearly an equilateral triangle. Azygos plate linear. Nos-
tril large and piercing large postnasal plate. Prenasal moderate.
Loreal rather small. Superciliaries rather large. Supraocular
wide as frontal, and not much narrowed anteriorly. Preoculars
3, infraoculars 2, postoculars 4, and all these of subequal size.
Labials 8 above, sixth and seventh largest, and third to sixth
in contact with suborbitals. Lower labials 11, first and fourth
largest. Temporals 3 in first row, graduated down to lowest
which is largest. Scales on back all more or less keeled, but
progressively smoother down sides till just above gastrosteges,
where they are entirely smooth on first row at least. In 25
series over back transversely, and 184 from parietal plates to tip
of tail. Gastrosteges 131 to vent. Urosteges divided, or in a
double series. Tail small, quadrangular towards base, and rap-
idly tapering to slender tip. Its length 6% in body. Color in
alcohol light brown generally, and back medianly shaded darker
brown, with about 38 transverse pale brown broad bars over
back more or less regularly. These bars color of belly, and
margined in front and behind with dusky, and at each end touch-
ing a blackish lateral blotch. At first lateral blotches very
distinct, but gradually become paler, and are absent on side of
tail. Head brownish above, its lower surface and entire lower
surface of body immaculate brownish-white. Iris slaty. Length
about 27 inches. Beesley’s Point. Samuel Ashmead. Also 9
others with same data.

Color in life dull gray-brown generally, with about 35 dusky-
olive blotches down middle of back to tip of tail. At first these
largely blackish, then olive becomes more general, and restricted
blackish forms margins to grayish-brown interspaces. These
latter then form pale blotches which are due to alternate black-
ish blotches along side, which gradually block end of each pale

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 187

spot. Below these on each side a double series of short narrow
irregular or broken blackish vertical wavy streaks. Gastrosteges
all more or less dusky-edged, and more or less alternately at each
side with large dark or blackish marks. On short tail uniform
pale brownish-white, also no lateral marks. Lower surface of
trunk grayish-white generally, and that of head creamy. A
deep brown interocular bar, and another postocular. Labials
finely peppered with brownish. Length 63¢ inches. On the rail-
road near Cold Spring, Cape May County. October 7th, 1906.

Both a brown and dark form were found on Dr. Abbott's
meadows near Trenton, though the latter was the less abundant.
Those of the dark form he saw were all adults, 2 feet or a little
over, in length. This snake is frequently reported to be venom-
ous though, of course, perfectly harmless. It will flatten and
swell out till distended several inches in width when disturbed
or alarmed. They prefer dry open fields and feed on grasshop-
pers, mice, moles, shrews, etc. Mr. Fox killed 1 about 1895
near Bridgeton. It is reported from about Dennisville, in Cape
May County, and is said to be abundant. Mr. McCadden has
observed it at Stone Harbor. I have examined a number of
examples from Bridgeton, Point Pleasant (A. P. Brown and
Witmer Stone), Cape May Point (J. B. Ives), and 1 without
definite locality (Dr. J. E. Holbrook).

FHleterodon platirhinos Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1838, p.
97, Pl. 21—Holbrook, 1..c., Ed. 2, IV, 1842, p. 67, Pl. 17.

‘Heterodon platyrrhinus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 802.

Heterodon platyrhinos Lockwood, Am. Nat., IX, 1875, p. Io.
—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 167.

Heterodon platyrhinus Abbott, Am. Nat., XVI, 1882, p. 708.
—Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn.
soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 17.—Cope, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1898 (1900), p. 761.

188 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family CROTALIDE.

The Rattle Snakes.

Body stout. Head large, flat, triangular, and on a slender
neck. Pupil elliptical, placed vertically. Maxillary vertical,
without solid teeth, but provided with long erectile poison fangs,
one on each side in front. A deep pit between eye and nostril
extending into the excavated maxillary. Scales keeled in our
species. Anal plate entire. Subcaudal plates generally undi-
vided, at least anteriorly. ‘Tail usually provided with a rattle
composed of modified horny rings.

Viviparous serpents, attaining in some cases a large size, and
renowned for their venom. All are American and comprise about
a dozen genera.

Key to the genera.

a. Tail short, without rattle, ending in a horny point. AGKISTRODON
aa. Tail with a rattle. CROTALUS

Genus AGKISTRODON Beauvois.

The Copper Head Snakes.

Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnzus).

PLATE 48.

Copper Head Snake. Copper Head. Copper Belly. Copper
Adder. Copper Viper. Copper Snake. Chunk Head.
Deaf Adder. Rattle Snake’s Mate.

Body robust, more or less ovoid in cross-section of trunk, with
bulge a little below, and tapering but little or rather abruptly both
anteriorly and posteriorly. Head small, well depressed, broad,
and as viewed from above broadly ovoid or its greatest bulge
about last 7% of its length. Snout broad, obtuse, upper surface
flat, its sides more or less steeply and slightly converging below,

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 189

and upper edge of profile as seen from above with tip of snout
rather broadly rounded. Eye a little elongate, high, about first
*/, in length of mouth. Mouth with:a long undulated gape, or
slightly double-convex as seen laterally. Rostral plate truncate
above, not extending on upper face of muzzle, lateral borders and
its lower surface concave. Upper labials 9, and third, fourth,
fifth, sixth and seventh subequally larger. Second upper labial
bounding front margin of pit, twice as high as long, and reach-
ing loreal and middle preocular above. Third upper labial trape-
zoidal. Lower labials 10, first largest, and last smallest, others
subequal more or less. Upper prefrontal larger than middle pre-
ocular, which bounds posterior margin of pit. Lower preocular
small, with another similar small scale directly in front over upper
front margin of third supralabial and forming lower posterior
boundary of pit. First infraocular largest of rest of series, includ-
ing postoculars, all of which are subequally small. Supraocular
large, extending both anterior and posterior to frontal, and its
width about 1% in its length. Prefrontal in contact in front and
much larger than internasal, which is rather elongate. Nasals
rather large, and nostril piercing most of commisure. Frontal
consisting of 5 elements, 4 of which are largely marginal. Parie-
tal plates a little smaller than prefrontals. Loreal plate, small,
trapezoidal. Symphyseal plate nearly equilaterally triangular.
Pregenials well developed, large, and postgenials in 3 or 4 series,
narrow and much shorter. Rest of upper surface of head covered
with small convex scales. Scales on back all strongly keeled, and
lateral series in contact with gastrosteges, more or less smooth,
though each with a slight median ridge or keel on posterior portion
of body. Scales in 23 transverse series over back. About 200
scales counted from occipital plates to tip of tail. Gastrosteges
about 127 to vent. Urosteges single, about 39-+8-++1 in number
to tip of tail. Tail short, robustly rounded, tapering to tip, and
about 51% in body. Color in alcohol pale mauve generally over
back and upper surface of body. Upper surface of head very
pale or light yellowish-brown, uniform, and extending also down
over sides and entire under surface of head. Entire surface of
body when examined closely found to be finely and obscurely
specked or dotted with minute points of same shade as ground

igo REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY) SDATE, MUSEUM:

color, rarely much darker. Over back about 18 transverse deep
or rich sienna hour-glass-shaped bands or blotches, expansions
below on each side, where they become gradually paler, like
general tint of back, so that their lower boundaries are not de
fined. Both anterior and posterior inner portions of dorsal
blotches becoming deeper brown or burnt-umber marginally.
Ground-color also becomes paler around edges of dorsal blotches,
increasing their distinctness. A narrow deep brown streak back
from eye till around posterior margin of both last upper and
lower labial plates, and then forward about midway in depth of
lower labials, stopping opposite pit. About 28 deep brown
blotches along gastrosteges laterally, well separated, arranged
regularly on both sides of body, each one extending about over
2 gastrostegeal scales and over 1 series above, where they are

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Copper Head Snake. Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnzus).

deepest in color, and their lower moieties, fading out in general
color of belly. Alternately between these lateral dark blotches pale
brown ones, though only distinct on throat, and also placed
further down or more inferiorly on gastrosteges. After these
become entirely ventral, gastrosteges have an obscure pale
mottled-brown appearance, general color being a paler though
similar tint to that of back. Upper surface of tail with 3 dorsal
blotches complete, lower surface immaculate, and distal half
sulphur-yellow, both above and below. Iris pale coppery, pupil
pale grayish. Length 934 inches. Round Lake in Kittahanny
Mountains, Sussex County, July 6th, 1907. B. W. Griffiths.

I have only the above example of this dangerous animal. It
is said to prefer damp places, and is rare in most localities,

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 191

Trigonocephalus contortrix Holbrook, N. Am. Herp, II, 1838,
p. 69, Pl. 14 (ref. infers) —Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, III, 1842, p.
Bo, PI. 8. |

Agkistrodon contorting Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801
(lapsus for A. contortrix).

A gkistrodon contortrix Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-
96, No. 8, p. 23.

Scytalus cupreus Rafinesque, Am. Journ. Sci. Art., I, 1819, p.
84.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 130.

Genus CrotaLus Linnzus.

The Rattle Snakes.

Crotalus horridus Linnzus.
PLATE 49.

Rattle Snake. Rattler.

Body robust, more or less ovoid in cross-section of trunk, with
bulge below, and tapering but little or rather abruptly both
anteriorly and posteriorly. Head rather small, broadly depressed,
and as viewed from above its shape broadly convex or with
greatest bulge about posterior third of its length. Snout obtuse,
broad, upper surface flattened, sides more or less steep, and upper
edge of profile as seen above convex, with but slight anterior con-
striction. Eye rather elongate, high, about first % in length
of mouth. Mouth with a long undulated gape, or double convex
as seen laterally. Rostral plate subpentagonal, and but slightly
impinging on anterior internasal margin medianly. Upper labials
14, first and fourth largest. Lower labials 15, and first largest.
Scales in 3 series between eye and upper labials. Preoculars 2,
upper larger, and lower forming posterior boundary to deep pit.
Loreals 2, small, and lower a trifle larger. A very small scale
between upper loreal and supraocular. Infraoculars 2, and post-
oculars 2. Supraocular nearly ellipsoid and large as seen from
above. A small prefrontal in contact in front, not quite as large

192 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

as internasals, which are subtriangular with broad convergence
anteriorly. Nasals rather deep, and nostril piercing most of
posterior just after commisure. Rest of upper surface of head
covered with small tuberculated scales. Scales on back all
strongly keeled, and lateral series in contact with gastrosteges
more or less smooth, though each with a slight median ridge or
keel on posterior portion of body. Scales in 22 transverse series
over back. About 220 scales counted from internasal plates to
tip of tail, and rattles g in number. Gastrosteges 171 to vent.
Urosteges single, 19 in number to rattle. Tail short, robustly
rounded, slightly tapering to rattle, and about 114% in body.
Color in alcohol light brownish below, upper surface darker or

AER?

Waistsrce
ages eae y

Rattle Snake. Crotalus horridus Linnzus.

more or less tawny. On each side of median dorsal line 2 series
of deep brownish dorsal blotches anteriorly, becoming confluent,
and as broad or broader than paler interspaces. Blotches 24 in °
number, and upper median series larger on anterior part of body.
Edges of these dark blotches all with more or less narrow traces
of blackish within their areas, and paler brownish than ground-
color without. Alternating between each of lateral dark blotches
along each side of median line of gastrosteges, regular clusters
of brownish dots over each group of 3 or 4. Under surface
of tail deep brown like dark blotches on back and all of its

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 193

upper surface. Head all more or less pale brownish, whitish
on lower sides and under surface. Iris pale slaty. ‘Teeth pale.
Length about 40 inches. Pemberton. Dr. Coleman.

Dr. Abbott says that he never saw an example near Trenton,
though late in the eighteenth century it may have been killed in
bogs turned out in the fall. About 30 years ago a stranded
individual came down the Delaware on a raft. One was killed
near Tuckerton recently, according to reports given to Mr. J. A.
G. Rehn. Mr. H. Walker Hand reports that another was killed
about 1900 in a swamp near Negocan, Cape May County, and
also another about 1898 at the headwaters of the Maurice River.

Crotalus horridus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18509,
p. 338.—Ditmars, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1895-96, No. 8, p. 24.
—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 167.

Candisona horrida Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801.

Crotalus boiquira Beauvois, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila.,
IV, 1799, Pp. 370.

Crotalus durissus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
pt. 2, 1827, p. 368.—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 132.—
Eiolbrook, N=yAm:iEerp., Hy 1838; p81, Pl. 17) (refs imifers)
—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, III, 1842, p. 9, Pl. 1.—Bryan, Am. Nat.,
AAI, 2870; p..322.

Order LACERTILIA.
The Lizards.

Limbs 4, distinct, rarely rudimental and hidden by the skin.
Shoulder-girdle developed. Feet usually with 5 digits, phalanges
normally 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, or 4. Tail usually long, often brittle, so
that it breaks by a slight blow, and this due to a thin unossified
transverse septum which traverses each vertebra. Quadrate
bone articulated:to the skull. Parts of ali- and orbito-sphenoid
regions fibro-cartilaginous. Rami of mandible united by suture.
Temporal region without or with only 1 horizontal bar. Mouth
not dilatable. Tongue free. Jaws always with teeth. Body
not shielded, usually covered with overlapping scales. Vent a
transverse slit. Copulatory organs present, paired.

I3 MU

194 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

The great majority of the numerous species inhabit the tropics
or sub-tropical regions, and the few found within our limits give
but a slight idea of this whole great group.

Key to the families.

a. Tongue covered with imbricate scale-like papillae or with oblique plice;

clavicle dilated proximally, often loop-shaped. SCINCIDAS
aa. ‘Tongue smooth or with villous papille; clavicle not dilated proximally.
IGUANIDA

Family SCINCIDZ.

The Skinks.

Body fusiform or cylindrical. Tongue moderately long, free
and feebly nicked in front, and covered with imbricate scale-
like papille. Dentition pleurodont, teeth conical, bicuspid, or
with spheroidal or compressed crowns. New teeth hollow out
bases of old ones. Pterygoid teeth present or absent. Pupil
round. Eyelids well developed. Premaxillaries 2, sometimes
incompletely separated. Nasal double. Frontal single or double.
Parietal single. Postorbital and postfrontotemporal arches com-
plete, osseous. Interorbital septum and columella-crani well
developed. Infraorbital fossa present, bounded by maxillary,
transverse bone, palatine and also often by pterygoid. Limbs
present in our genera. ‘Pectoral and pelvic arches constantly
present. Clavicle dilated and usually perforated proximally,
interclavicle cruciform. Ossified abdominal ribs absent. Toes
compressed, 5-5. Body protected by bony plates underlying
scales which are cycloid-hexagonal, rarely rhomboidal, imbricate,
arranged quincuncially. ‘These plates provided with symmetrical
tubules.

A large family with many genera and species in most parts
of the world.

Key to the genera.

a. Palatine teeth present; 2 supranasal plates; lower eye-lid scaly. EUMECES
aa. Palatine toothless; no supranasal plates; lower eye-lid with a transparent
disk. LEIOLOPISMA

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 195

Genus FumMEcEs Wiegmann,

The Blue Tailed Skinks.

Eumeces fasciatus (Linnzus).

PLATE 50.
Blue Tailed Lizard. Blue Tailed Skink. Skink. Blue Tail.
Scorpion. Five Lined Lizard.

Color blackish-olive with 5 longitudinal streaks, middle 1
forked on head, and tail usually bright blue. Old examples

OD LEP LED EF LF,
MOOT EE

Blue Tailed Lizard. Eumeces fasciatus (Linneus).

with stripes wanting or obsolete, more or less reddish-olive, and
head becoming coppery-red with age. A variable species reaching
a length of 11 inches.

I have not seen any New Jersey examples, and only know
of its occurrence by reports. Messrs. Witmer Stone and J. A. G.
Rehn say that persons residing near Jones’ Mill claim to find
it in the cedar-slab piles. It 1s probably not so rare as one
would suppose, though on account of being unfrequently seen
by naturalists may be thought so. It is very swift in its move-
ments and runs rapidly over the ground, and like the pine tree

196 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

lizard its tail breaks off very readily. Dr. Abbott tells me he
secured an example at Lake Hopatcong. When kept in captivity
it did not become tame, was savage, and would always snap if
disturbed. ‘This example was of a nearly uniform mahogany-
color, and about 8 inches long. He found that it would feed
largely on the house-fly. About Dennisville, in Cape May
County, this little lizard was reported to be abundant at times
during the summer months. It would frequently be seen running
over piles of old bark about the old saw-mills, and was said to
be very active. Sometimes they would run over the screens
of houses. Most all had bright blue tails. In this region, or
south, Dr. J. P. Moore says he has met with it.

Eumeces fasciatus Abbott, Pop. Sci. Month., XXXIV, 188o,
p. 170, fig. —.—J. Nelson, Geol. Surv. N. J., IL, Zool., 1890,
p. 642.—E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-99, No. 11, p.
18.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 168.

Scincus quinguelineatus Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
‘VI, pt. 1, 1829, p. 10 (ref. infers).—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., .
1635, Pp. 138.

Plistodon striatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 801.

Genus LkEroLopisMA Duméril and Bibron.

The Black, Banded Lizards.
Leiolopisma laterale (Say).

PLATE 5I.

Black Banded Lizard.

Body long’ and slender, somewhat quadrangular. Head and
trunk 124 in tail. Head rather depressed. Snout depressed, tip
bluntly rounded, and mandible similar. Eye lateral, elongate,
and about midway in length of head. Lower eyelid with a trans-
parent disk. Eyelids movable. Teeth minute. Interorbital space
equal to gape of mouth. Ears smaller than eye, vertical. Tongue
flattened and rather large. Scales very thin, membranous, about
30 rows around body. Frontal plate in contact in front with

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 197

rostral, and behind with vertical. Prefrontal plates small, lateral.
Nostril pierced in nasal plate, above first labial, in contact above
with internasal. Postnasal plate and 1 loreal in contact with
postfrontal. Upper labials 7. No scales on lower eyelids. Vent
rounded. Legs well developed, posterior larger and_ best
developed. When hind legs are applied twice forward they
reach half way between arm and ear, or contained 3 times in
head and body. Toes 5-5. Fifth hind toe shorter than second,
and free portion of longest toe a trifle over half of head. Of
fore legs third and fourth longest. Color when fresh in alcohol
muddy-brown above, this color on back bounded along each
side by a dusky-brown or blackish longitudinal streak from nos-

Black Banded Lizard. Letolopisma laterale (Say).

trils along sides and fading out along sides of tail. This dark
lateral streak bounded above and below, though narrowly, with
pale brownish. Side of body below dark lateral streak with
obscure dusky blotches extending from snout to tip of tail.
Upper surfaces of limbs brownish, speckled with darker, and
below whitish. ‘Toes pale brownish below, Lower surface of
body livid whitish, trunk with a somewhat greenish-blue tinge
and tail with pale brownish-white tint. Eye brownish. Length
3% inches. Near Atsion, in Burlington County, September 2d,
TOON. Mray wAINGe Rehn,

This little example is the only one I have seen. Mr. Rehn tells
me that 2 others were noted at the same time, though not
secured.

198 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Lygosoma (Liolepisma) laterale J. P. Moore, Am. Nat.,
MXX, T696hp7 52:

Liolepisma laterale Cope, Rep. U. S$. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900),
p. 622 (from Moore).—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 168.

Family IGUANID.
The Iguanas.

Teeth subequal. Pupil round. Eyelids well developed.
Tongue thick, villous, nearly or quite entirely fixed to floor of
mouth and little if at all notched in front. Teeth pleurodont,
roots anchylosed to internal side of premaxillary and maxillary
bones. Premaxillary not cut off from maxilla-palatines by max-
illaries. Splenial well developed. Meckelian groove mostly
closed. Angular little developed on inner, and much on outer
side of ramus. Coronoid produced anteriorly, not posteriorly on
outer face of ramus. Vertebre proccelous. Scales various, those
on head usually small, and latter generally with enlarged inter-
parietal scale.

A large family of many species, with various habits, in tropical
America. A single genus within our limits.

Genus SCELoporus Wiegmann.

The Pine Tree Lizards.

Sceloporus undulatus (Latreille).
PLATE 52.

Pine ‘Tree Lizard. Fence Lizard. Common Lizard. Brown
Scorpion. Swift. Pine Lizard.

Body long, depressed. Head and trunk 1% in tail. Head
depressed and rather broad. Snout depressed, and tip bluntly
rounded, mandible similar. Eye lateral, elongate, and a little
nearer ear than tip of snout. Eyelids minutely scaly, movable.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 199

Teeth minute. Interorbital space equal to gape. Ear smaller
than eye, oblique. Scales firm, not especially hard, about 68
from tip of mandible to vent, and 60 more to tip of tail. About
42 scales transversely around middle of trunk. Cephalic plates
largely smooth, especially in front and on sides of head, and
others somewhat longitudinally rugose. Frontal plates 2, 1
before the other, anterior undivided, and with still another small

Pine Tree Lizard. Sceloporus undulatus (Latreille).

anterior I so arranged as to be surrounded by 4 cephalic plates.
Supraorbital region with a crescentic series of 5 large transverse
series, and embracing a short series of 3 or 4 additional outer
and inner series of small plates in its concavity. Scales on back
and rump about equal, smaller than those near base of tail. Lat-
eral scales much smaller than dorsal. Dorsal scales angularly

200 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

pointed, well carinated, with conspicuous spines, and lateral den-
ticulations indistinct. Scales on lower surface of body smooth
and with 2 short points. Scales on inside of tibia distally and
behind vent decidedly carinated. Femoral pores 16. Legs well
developed, robust, posterior larger. When hind legs are applied
forward they reach 34 to tip of snout, and are contained 134 in
head and trunk. ‘Toes 5-5. First digit of each limb shortest,
and free portion of fourth or longest digit of hind limb equals
greatest width of head. Of fore limbs third and fourth longest.
Color in alcohol of male more or less uniform brownish, with
indistinct cloudings on back, and more distinct on tail where
annulations are somewhat evident. Lower surface of body more
or less pale or creamy-brown with some dusky specks here and
there. Jaws pale brownish. Along each side of back and sepa-
rated by about 10 rows of scales, a rather pale brown shade.
Costal region dusky, more or less specked with pale brownish of
back and with a pale median longitudinal obsolete streak. A
deep ultramarine-blue blotch on each side of throat below ear
fading into dusky-black, and this latter shade extending to.
shoulder. On each side of lower costal region a longitudinal
deep blue patch fading along lower edge into dusky-black. Iris
brownish. Length 63¢ inches. Point Pleasant. A. P. Brown
and Witmer Stone.

Another example, a female, with the same data, differs, in
alcohol, in the absence of the blue ventral patches, the body being
more or less uniform in color below. The upper surface of the
trunk is marked with about 9g deep brown somewhat zig-zag
- streaks.

This lizard, so characteristic of the pine-woods of New Jer-
sey, was found commonly during Mr. Rehn’s excursions, and
more or less regularly distributed. They were quite abundant.
at Quaker Bridge. Mr. Rehn also reports several from near
Clementon taken by Messrs. C. T. and G. M. Greene several
years ago. Mr. Hartman of Palermo, Cape May County, reports
that it is abundant in that locality. I have seen it near Medford.
Dr. Abbott tells me that it was formerly found about Trenton,
but has not been seen there for years, and is apparently rare.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 201

It is reported to occur about Dennisville, in Cape May County,
and be abundant, mostly on fences. Evidently it usually ranges
little out of the pine-barrens region. When in captivity it is said
to become tame. It feeds on insects which it captures about the
bark of trees, rocks, or on fences. It is remarkably quick and
agile in its motions, and is thus able to capture its prey with
ease. Frequently it will remain perfectly motionless for a time,
and then dart swiftly about, suddenly stopping and remaining
quiet. Should one throw a stone the lizard only moves a short
distance, though very suddenly. It don’t.appear at all afraid at
times and will permit considerable bombardment before seeking
cover, as I have noticed on several occasions when so attacked by
boys. I have examined a number of examples from Tuckerton
in October of 1893 (S. N. Rhoads), Camden and Atlantic Coun-
ties (Charles Liebeck), Point Pleasant (A. P. Brown and W.
Stone), between High Bridge and East Plains in Burlington
County on June 19th 1901 (W. Stone and J. A. G. Rehn),
between Medford to the plains in Burlington County June of
1901 (W. Stone, H. L. Coggins and J. A. G. Rehn), Quaker
Bridge in Burlington County in September of 1901 (W. Stone
and J. A. G. Rehn), Staffords Forge in Ocean County and Cedar
Grove near East Plains in Burlington County on June 2d 1905
(P. Lorrilliere), and some without definite locality obtained from
Samuel Ashmead, which may have been taken near Beesley’s
Point.

Agama undulata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pinise we
pt. 1, 1820, p. 13 (ref. infers) —Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835,
p. 140 (copied).

Tropidolepis undulatus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II, 1838,
per, Pt 8 Holbrook, hc, Ed. 2, Iiréa2."p. 73, Eig.

Sceloporus undulatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.—
Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 476.—Abbott, Pop. Sci. Month.
XXXIV, 1880, p. 162, figs. —J. P. Moore, Am. Nat., XXX,
1896, p. 752.—Cope, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), Pp.
368.—E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-1899, No. 11, p.
20.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 168.

202 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Order TESTUDINATA.

The Turtles.

Body enclosed between 2 more or less developed bony shields
which are usually covered by horny epidermal plates and some-
times by a leathery skin. Upper shield or carapace, and lower
shield or plastron, more or less united along sides. Neck and
tail only flexible parts of spinal column, and these together with
legs usually retractile within box made by shields. No teeth,
edges of jaws encased in horny sheaths usually with sharp cut-
ting edges. Eye furnished with 2 lids and a nictitating mem-
brane as in birds. ‘Tympanic membrane always present, though
sometimes hidden by skin. Respiration effected by swallowing
air. Bony part of carapace formed by dorsal and sacral verte-
bree and ribs co-ossified with a series of underlying bony plates,
usually accompanied by a marginal row. Dorsal vertebrz with
their ends flattened and immovably united by cartilage, and all
except first and last with neural spines flattened horizontally so
as to form median line of plates. On either side of this series
a single row of ossified dermal plates overlying ribs, and corre-
sponding in number to developed ribs, of which there are usually
8 pairs. No true sternum. Plastron consisting of membrane
bones, usually of g pieces, as 4 pairs and a single symmetrical
median piece. Osseous plates both above and below correspond
neither in number or position with overlying dermal plates.
Quadrate bone immovably united to cranial arches. Anal open-
ing round or longtudinal. Copulatory organ present, single.

Key to families.

a. Limbs developed as paddles, not capable of distinct movements at wrist
or ankle-joint; digits flattened, elongated, bound immovably together by
integument ; sea turtles.

b. Feet scaleless, anteriorly large; carapace elongate. DERMOCHELIDA
bb. Feet scaly; carapace heart-shaped. CHELONIID

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 203

aa. Limbs not in form of paddles, capable of movement at wrist and ankle-
joint; land and pond turtles.
c. Carapace leathery, its margin flexible; no dermal plates; toes 5-5,
claws 3-3; head small; snout pointed; body very flat. TRIONYCHID#
cc. Carapace firm, ossified; dermal plates present; claws mostly 5-4.
d. Fingers and toes spreading, not closely bound together, and
more than I joint free.

e. Tail very long and strong, crested with tubercles; plastron
narrow and small, cross-shaped, and with 9g plates beside
bridge; head large; body highest in front. CHELYDRIDA

ee. Tail short, not crested; plastron broad.

f. Lower jaw ending in long sharp point; carapace highest
behind middle, and its edge not flaring outward; plastron
with g or I1 plates. KINOSTERNIDA

ff. Lower jaw without long point at symphysis; carapace
highest about middle, and its edge flaring outward;
plastron with 12 dermal plates. EMYDIDA

Family DERMOCHELY D&.

The Leather Turtles.

Carapace with several longitudinal ridges with deep grooves
between, completely osseous, and 7 in number in adult. Plastron
incompletely osseous and with 5 keels. Body highest in front,
and widest just before bridge. Head short, high and very
broad behind. Upper jaw with 2 pits and 2 tooth-like pro-
jections. No enlarged alveolar surface, jaws simply sharp-edged.
E,xoskeleton consisting of mosaic-like juxtaposed plates. Skull
without descending processes to parietals. Vertebre and ribs
free, separated from bony exoskeleton. Plastral elements 8. No
entoplastron. Body covered with a smooth leathery skin. Head
covered with small shields. Limbs paddle-shaped, clawless, and
digits of fore limb much elongated. Hind limbs much exposed.
Phalanges without condyles.

One genus, with a single species, widely distributed in warm
seas, and among the largest of turtles.

204 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Genus DERMOCHELYs Blainville.

The Leather Turtles.
Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli).
PLATE 53.

Leather Turtle. Trunk Back. Sea Turtle.

Carapace sub-cardiform, broadest about first fourth of its
length, and evenly convergent from this point to median tip
posteriorly. Longitudinal keels distinct, 7 in number, and con-
verging evenly behind to posterior tip of carapace. Median keel
pronounced, more so than each dorso-lateral, then next below
on sides less so, and even lateral margin similarly indistinct.
Each of keels becoming more or less unevenly jagged posteriorly,
though serre so formed rounded, and more or less knob or
tubercle-like. Median 3 keels more widely separated anteriorly,
very trenchant and elevated at front of carapace. In anterior
parts of course, space between dorso-lateral and infero-dorsal
keels greater than greatest width between any of keels. Entire
surface, otherwise than noted, perfectly smooth. In profile body
apparently deepest antero-medianly, as back is apparently
depressed accidentally at this point. Lateral keels on plastron
apparently obsolete, others not seen. Head large, cylindrical
basally, and as viewed above rather elongately triangular. Sides
of head somewhat compressed, and upper surface more or less
evenly convex. Snout blunt and obtuse in profile. Eye mod-
erate, anterior. Jaws large, strong, and upper with 3 deep
notches in front. Mandible recurved in front. Edges of jaws
sharp. Nostrils near together on front of snout above. Inter-
orbital space convex. Neck short and thick, especially at base.
Skin all more or less smooth. Fore limbs long and falcate,
twice as long as hind pair, fin-like, compressed strongly and
becoming a little broader basally. Hind limbs of similar shape,
only shorter and broader, and each with a broad cutaneous flap

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. F265

along posterior edge. Tail short, extending but slightly beyond
carapace, and with a rather broad median cutaneous ridge on
outer % of its length. Color of dry specimen dull blackish.
Length about 6 feet. Delaware Bay. E.- D. Cope.

This, among the largest of all marine turtles, is said to reach
8 feet in length, and is occasionally found along our coast. Mr.
Wm. J. Fox reports a large turtle, evidently this species, cap-
tured in the pounds and exhibited in 1903 at Wildwood, Cape
May County. It was said to have weighed 1,200 pounds. Capt.
Ludlam reports one from near Stone Harbor washed ashore
about the same time. I have also examined the carapace of a

Leather Turtle. Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli). (Shell below.)

large example obtained at Asbury Park some years ago by Mr.
David McCadden.

Sphargis coriacea Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., Ed. 2, II, 1842,
p. 45, Pl. 6—Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857, p. 373.
—Ford, Am. Nat., XIII, 1879, p. 633.

Testudo coriacea Gerard, Am. Nat., XIV, 1880, p. 1209.

Dermochelys coriacea F.. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1898-99, No. 11, p. 12.—C. H. Townsend, Bull. N. Y. Zool.
Soc., April 1904, p. 143.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 168.

206 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family CHELONIID.

The Logger Head Turtles.

Carapace depressed, heart-shaped, broad, flat, highest in front,
widest near middle, and covered with bony plates. Head large,
subquadrilateral, and covered with plates. Neck bending by
sigmoid curve in vertical plane, short, thick, and incompletely
retractile. Jaws without tooth-like projections. Parietals pro-
longed downwards forming a suture with pterygoids, or separated
from latter by interposition of epipterygoid, and in contact with
squamosal, and latter also forming suture with parietal. Ptery-
goids in contact in median line, narrpw in middle. Nuchal plate
without costiform processes. Mandible with articulary concay-
ities. Outer border of tympanic cavity deeply notched. Mandi-
ble with articulatory concavities. Temple completely roofed over.
Dorsal vertebree and ribs immovably united and expanded into
bony plates forming carapace. A complete series of marginal
bones connected with ribs. Cervical vertebrz without or with
mere indications of transverse processes, short, and mostly artic-
ulated by amphiarthrosis. Centrum of last cervical articulating
with that of first dorsal. Caudal vertebrz proccelous. Plastral
bones 9. Epiplastra in contact with hypoplastra. Entoplastron
if present oval, rhomboidal or ‘T-shaped. Pelvis not anchylosed
to carapace and plastron. Limbs paddle-shaped. Phalanges
without condyles. Claws I or 2.

Among the largest marine turtles in the open seas, visiting
the shore only to deposit and bury their eggs. ‘Two genera are
represented along our coast.

Key to the genera.

a. Head broad; edge of lower jaw not serrate; scales around large median
plate on top of head 13 to 20; costal plate 5 on each side. CARETTA
aa. Head high and narrow; tomia of lower jaw serrate; scales around vertical
plate 7; costal plates 4. CHELONIA

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 207

Genus CArErra Rafinesque.

The Logger Head Turtles.
Caretta caretta (Linnzus).
PLATE 54.

Logger Head Turtle. Sea Turtle. Turtle.

Carapace of young with 3 strong keels, in adult arched or
subtectiform. Dorsal shields juxtaposed. Margin of carapace

Logger Head Turtle. Caretta carctta (Linneus). (Young.)

serrated behind in young, and of 25 to 27 shields. Intergular
shield very small or absent. Head large, with very strong hooked
jaws. Symphysis of mandible very long. Alveolar surface of

208 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

horny beak with a median ridge, of jaws without. Shields in
2 pairs anterior to azygous frontal. Limbs of young usually
with 2 claws, frequently but 1 in adult. Adult brown above,

Logger Head Turtle. Caretta caretta (Linneus). (Young.)

yellowish below, and young uniform dark brown or blackish.

(Boulenger. )
This large turtle, distinguished from our other species chiefly

-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 209

by the non-imbricated dorsal plates and 2 nails to each foot, is
apparently subject to great variation. It is said to reach 1600
pounds in weight. Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports an example taken
off Sea Isle City, in the pounds, early in July of 1905. It was
said to have weighed about 400 pounds. I saw a carapace of
this species at Stone Harbor on July 25th, 1906, which had washed
ashore sometime previously. Mr. C. H. Townsend records a
400 pound example taken in New York Bay at Belford, in Bull.
N. Y. Zool. Soc. for October of 1906. Though I have no reports
of these animals breeding within our limits a pair is said to
remain copulating for as many as 17 days at a time. They are
said to feed largely on conches, which are readily crushed by their
powerful jaws. The large sea turtles which occasionally enter
Delaware Bay are usually this species. They have been found
about the pounds off Green Creek and Dias Creek in Cape May
County. Some have been reported from there as quite large,
sometimes of several hundred pounds weight. ‘They were sold
as food by the fishermen. Off Cape May, Anglesea and Stone
Harbor, fishermen have reported them from the open sea, some-
times many miles off shore. They usually were floating along on
the surface of the waves, either asleep or quietly resting.
Chelonia caretta Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., Ed. 2, II, 1842, p.

33, Pl. 4.
Thalassochelys caretta E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,

1898-99, No. II, p. 12.
?Amyda mutica Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799.

Genus CHELONTIA Latreille.

The Green Turtles.
Chelonia mydas (Linnzus).
PLATES 55 (UPPER VIEW) AND 560 (LOWER VIEW).

Green Turtle. Sea Turtle.

Carapace feebly unicarinate in young, sometimes with slight
indication of lateral keels, and arched or subtectiform in adult.
Dorsal shields juxtaposed. Margin not or but indistinctly ser-

14 MU

210 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

rate, formed of 25 shields. Snout very short. Jaws not hooked.
Horny sheaths of upper jaw with feebly denticulated edge, and
striated inner surface of lower jaw with strongly denticulated
edge. Alveolar surface of lower jaw with 2 denticulated strong
ridges. Symphysis of mandible short. One pair of prefrontal
shields. Limbs usually with a single claw. Second digit some-
times provided with a distinct claw in young. Young dark
brown or olive above, limbs margined yellow. Yellow below
with a large dark brown spot on hand and foot. Carapace of
adult olive or brown, marbled or spotted with yellowish. (Bou-
lenger. )

This turtle is sometimes taken along our coast and is of value
as food. Though most of the examples are usually small the
Species is said to reach a weight of 1,000 pounds. I saw an
example at Anglesea during September of 1897. Mr. J. A. G.
Rehn says he has seen it at Atlantic City, and also seen them
swimming at sea at the surface of the water. It does not seem
to breed along our shores, and in fact I have not heard of the
eggs of any of our large sea turtles having been found there.
It is herbivorous. Like the logger head it is most abundant in
the tropical seas, visiting the sandy shores only to deposit its
eggs. It feeds mostly in deeper water. The cesophagus of this
turtle is lined with a number of curious long pointed light pro-
cesses directed towards the stomach, which are probably of service
in retaining its food.

Cheloma mydas Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857, p.
378.—E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-99, No. 11, p. 13.

?Aspidonectes spinifer Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799
(part).

Family TRIONYCHIDA.
The Soft Shelled Turtles.

Body flat, nearly orbicular. Carapace not completely ossified,
ribs projecting freely towards outer extremities. Carapace and
plastron without epidermal shields. Head long and pointed.
Jaws concealed under fleshy lips. Snout long, flexible, tubular
and pig-like, ending in a proboscis. Ear hidden. Head and

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 2m

neck completely retractile, latter long and bending in a sigmoid
curve in a vertical plane. Dorsal vertebre and ribs immovably
united and expanded into bony plates forming a carapace. Pari-
etals prolonged downwards, forming a suture with pterygoids
or separated from latter by interposition of epipterygoid. Ptery-
goids broad throughout, separated from each other, and basi-
sphenoid joining palatines. Mandible with articulary concavities.
Outer border of tympanic cavity notched. Cervical vertebrze
without transverse processes. Articulation between last cervical
and first dorsal vertebra by zygapophyses only. Pelvis not
anchylosed to carapace and plastron. Ejpiplastra separated from
hyoplastra by ,A-shaped entoplastron. Marginal bones’ absent
or forming an incomplete series, not connected with ribs. Feet
broadly webbed. ‘Toes long, 5-5, and claws only 3-3. Fourth
digit with 4 or more phalanges.

Fierce aquatic carnivorous voracious turtles in the rivers of
Asia, Africa and North America, constituting rather a large
family. A single genus within our limits.

Genus AsprponEcTEes Wagler.

The Soft Shelled Turtles.
Aspidonectes spinifer (Le Sueur).
RV AiR 572

Common Soft Shelled Turtle.

Carapace broadly oval as viewed above with greatest width
about last #/, of its length, entire, greatly depressed, and scarcely
carinate, edges more or less soft in comparison. Anterior margin
of carapace would form a very obtuse triangle with apex at nape
of neck. Carapace when viewed laterally with greatest depth
about third vertebral plate, and posterior descent of profile much
more gradual than anterior, which is rather abrupt. Median
vertebral keel obsolete, broadly convex, and only developed

212 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY ‘STATE ‘MUSEUM.

anteriorly. Posterior surface of carapace flattened. Lateral
carina formed by carapace, much more firm than its posterior
margin, and also jutting out well. Bridge of carapace rather
narrow. Upper surface of carapace finely prickly or roughened
to touch, and asperities few and small on outer radius. Lower
edge of carapace perfectly smooth, like entire lower surface of
body. Plastron similar to carapace anteriorly, where it is carti-
laginous and retractile. Its formation with bony part forms broad
lateral ridge, cartilaginous portion of which is greater than
osseous. Without bony bridge rest of bony plastron more or

Common Soft Shelled Turtle. Aspidonectes spinifer (Le Sueur). (Young.)

less ellipsoid, with width about 114 in its length. Length of bony
plastron about half length of carapace. Head large, elongately
oval and attenuated, more depressed below. Snout conic, pro-
duced into a cylindrical fleshy proboscis well beyond end of
mandible. Eye moderate, high and prominent. Mouth large,
horny or firm in front, and with entire jaws, lower fitting in
upper. Lips large, thick and fleshy along sides of each jaw.
Nostrils as 2 adjoining tubes at tip of produced snout, and
rounded. Interorbital space a little concave. Head and neck

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 213

moderately distensible, and wrinkled skin on neck in large thick
folds. Legs, feet, tail and exposed portions of limbs covered with
thick skin. Anterior limb with 3 large transverse scales at wrist
externally, and its posterior edge flattened into a thick tough
membrane supported by 2 outer cartilaginous digits, which have
no claws. Posteriorly membrane supported by 2 scales like those
on fore arm. Inner 3 fingers with strong claws. Hind limbs
large, soles broadly expanded with membranous margin similar
to fore limb. Claws however much more slender and with inner-
most largest. Only a single scale supports posterior membrane
of hind limb. A horny scale at keel. Tail conic, robust, de-
pressed above, laterally with fleshy keel from hind limbs con-
tinued out near its conic short pointed tip, and short in length or
passing but slightly beyond carapace. Color in alcohol dull
olivaceous-umber on carapace above, marked rather sparsely with
black-edged irregular-sized ocelli, smaller ones all external.
Plastron pale creamy or brownish-white, bony regions more or
less showing through as livid areas. Upper surface of head and
limbs colored dull slaty-gray, becoming paler and livid below to
creamy of plastron. Upper surfaces also finely speckled, reticu-
lated or vermiculated with olivaceous-slaty or dusky, or umber.
A dilute yellowish blotch along each side of head above and
behind eye margined narrowly blackish. Iris dull slaty-gray.
Length about g inches with distended snout to tip of tail.
Coopers Creek. May, 1902. Dr. H. C. Chapman.

The soft shelled turtle has been recorded from Paulins Kill
at Hainesburg in Warren County, and Woodbury, by Cope in
the American Naturalist, XXVIII, 1894, p. 889. Dr. Abbott
tells me that 2 or 3 were found as early as the late sixties. ‘They
were introduced when young and apparently to stock aquaria.
It is more a feature of the inland waters of the eastern United
States.

Aspidonectes spimfer Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799.—
Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 168.

214 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family CHELYDRIDEZ.

The Snapping Turtles.

Carapace high in front, low behind, covered with epidermal
shields, comparatively small and with serrated posterior border.
Neural plates broader than long, forming a complete series.
Pygals 1 or 2. Marginal plates 23. Plastron small, cruciform,
and with 9 plates besides very narrow bridge, and articulating
with carapace by gomphosis. Abdominal shields not meeting
on median line, separated from marginals by a series of infra-
marginals. Shell attains complete ossification but late in life.
Head and neck very large. Neck bending in a sigmoid curve in
a vertical plane, completely retractile. Jaws strongly hooked and
powerful. Chin with 1 or more pairs of small dermal appendages.
Parietals prolonged downwards, forming a suture with ptery-
goids, or separated from latter by interposition of epipterygoid.
Pterygoids narrow in middle, in contact on median line.
Nuchal plate with long costiform processes underlying marginals.
Outer border of tympanic cavity deeply notched. Mandible with
articulary concavities. Temporal region incompletely roofed
over, no parieto-squamosal arch. Squamosal widely separated
from parietal. Dorsal vertebrze and ribs immovably united and
expanded into bony plates forming carapace. A complete series
of marginal bones connected with ribs. Cervical vertebrze with-
out or with mere indications of transverse processes. Centrum
of last cervical articulating with centrum of first dorsal, second
and third opisthoccelous, fourth amphicyrtous and rest proccelous.
Caudal vertebrze mostly opisthoccelous. Epiplastra in contact.
with hyoplastra. Entoplastron, if present, oval, rhomboidal, or
T-shaped. Pelvis not anchylosed to carapace and _ plastron.
Pubic symphysis widely separated from ischial. Phalanges with
condyles. Claws 5-4, strong, outer toe clawless, and web small.
Tail long, crested above.

Large fierce and powerful turtles of great strength and voracity.
A single genus and species within our limits.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 215

Genus CHELYDRA Schweigger.
The Snapping Turtles.
Chelydra serpentina (Linnzus).
PLATE 58.

Snapping Turtle. Snapper. Logger Head. Logger Head
‘Tattle;

Carapace broad, slightly oval, as viewed above, with greatest
width about opposite fourth vertebral plate or last fourth of its

Snapping Turtle. Chelydra serpentina (Linneus). (Young.)

length. In form smaller, entire in front, and serrated behind.
First 2 vertebral plates broadly octagonal and widest of series.
Posterior margin of first vertebral plate slightly notched to re-
ceive second, others following with posterior borders slightly
concave. Second lateral plate largest. Marginal plates all small
anteriorly and narrowly elongate, but becoming broad and with
distinct angles along hind edge. Down middle of back each
median vertebral plate has an elevated osseus crest which forms

216 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

a double series of tubercles, a pair to each plate, and these situated
mostly at their posterior portions. Along each of lateral plates
a single series of tubercles. Entire upper surface of carapace
more or less entirely with bony tubercles. Posterior marginal
plates more or less striate. In profile carapace highest at second
vertebral plate, and posterior to this point margin below a more
gradual even convex curve up posteriorly than anteriorly. Mar-
ginal plates below all more or less smooth. A very small axillary
plate. Plastron cruciform without narrow bridges, ovoid in
shape with bulge anterior and posterior, and convergence de-
cidedly narrower. First pair of gular plates small and apical,
brachial triangular, and broad thoracic largest. Abdominals
triangular, and subcaudals elongate to form an isoceles triangle.
Plates on plastron all smooth and without striz. Head very
large, flattened above and broad behind, appearing rather nar-
rowly triangular as seen from above. Snout pointed and short.
Eye large, high, prominent and near end of snout. Mouth in-
ferior, with upper jaw projecting well beyond lower, and with
a notch on each side in front. Mandible fitting within upper
jaw and hooked well in front. Mouth as viewed below with
width about 114 in its length. Head and neck distensible for
a space about equal to 34 length of carapace, latter thick, and
covered both above and below with warty or tuberculated skin,
forming a fold on retracted head. Legs, feet and tail covered
with similar skin, more or less tuberculated posteriorly, and trans-
verse rows of large scales both above and below on latter. Some
large scales on outer front, or wrist, of fore limbs. Fore limbs
large, robust, and each of 5 fingers with a slender curved claw.
Hind limbs equally strong, and well developed, and 5 toes with
similar claws. ‘Tail long and slender, ending in a narrow pointed
tip, and with a median series of wedge-shaped keels along its
dorsal surface, decreasing in size posteriorly. On each side of
tail a series of tubercles above, and another below, similarly de-
creasing backwards. Behind vent about 4 of plates bifid as in
some snakes. Color in alcohol dusky-brown above. Limbs and
tail all more or less dusky-gray, paler or more grayish below,
and each finely specked or obscurely spotted with grayish-white.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 207,

Marginal plates below, and bridge, brownish. Plastron more or
less dusky-brown, with a number of whitish spots. Claws horny-

Snapping Turtle. Chelydra serpentina (Linneus).

218 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

brown. Iris dull slaty. Length 4% inches. Cedar Swamp Creek
at Petersburg, Cape May County. April 16th, 1906. T. D.
Keim and H. W. Fowler.

About Trenton this species is abundant according to Dr. Ab-
bott. The largest example which came under his notice weighed
62 pounds. ‘They feed largely upon fish, and at times apparently
under water. In Cedar Swamp Creek they are reported as
abundant, and are the object of pursuit to the farmers. Dr. J.
P. Moore reports that an example was aroused from hibernating
during the warm spell of January of 1906, and was active, near
Woodbury. Mr. G. Z. Hartman reports it abundant about
Palermo, Cape May County, during April of 1906. Abundant
about Dennisville in Cape May County. During September of
1906, large ones were observed, I of about 11 pounds weight,
and the other about 9. They are more highly prized as food by
the inhabitants than the other species. When fattened in swill
a short time they soon increase in size, and are then considered
best. In coloration they seemed to agree with those of our more
northern districts, though their shells were covered above with
a good coating of greenish moss. After fattening, the lower
surface of the body, such as the limbs, tail and neck, assumes a
more swollen appearance and a pale creamy-white tint. They
are, however, ever with a vicious or ferocious disposition, snap-
ping or fiercely biting at anything placed in their way.

Chelonura serpentina’Say, Journ. Acad. Nat: Sci. Phila., IV,
pt. 2, 1825, pp. 206, 217 (ref. infers)—Harlan, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, pt. 1, 1829, p. 31 (ref. infers ).—Holbrook,
N. Am. Herp., I'V, 1840, p. 21, Pl. 3 (ref. infers ).—Holbrook,
ic, Ed: 2, 1 1842 piieguielees:

Chelydra serpentina Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 157
(copied ).—Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857, p. 417.—
Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799.—Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885,
Pp. 475.—E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-99, No. 11, p.
15.—stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 219

Family KINOSTERNID.
The Musk ‘Turtles.

Carapace rather long and narrow, outline usually rising gradu-
ally from front to a point beyond center of shell, then abruptly
descending, and bulk of body therefore thrown backward. Mar-
gin of carapace turning downward and inward rather than out-
ward. Plastron proportionately large, covered with horny plates,
anterior pair coalescing into 1. Anterior and also sometimes pos-
terior lobe of plastron, often movable upon fixed central portion.
Shell covered with epidermal plates. Head pointed. Neck com-
pletely retractile within shell, and bending by a sigmoid curve in
a vertical plane. Eyes far forward. Jaws usually strong. Parie-
tals prolonged downwards, forming a suture with pterygoids, or
separated from latter by interposition of epipterygoid. No
parieto-squamosal arch, squamosal widely separated from parie-
tal. Pterygoids narrow in middle, in contact on median line.
Temporal region not roofed over. Mandible with articulary con-
cavities. Outer border of tympanic cavity deeply notched.
Nuchal plate reduced to costiform processes underlying mar-
ginals. A complete series of marginal bones connected with
ribs. Dorsal vertebrze and ribs immovably united and expanded
into bony plates forming carapace. Cervical vertebrae without
or with mere indications of transverse processes, and centrum of
last articulating with centrum of first dorsal. Caudal vertebra
proceelous. Plastral bones 8, entoplastron absent, and epiplastra
in contact with hyoplastra. Pubic and ischial symphyses in con-
tact, separating 2 foramens, and pelvis not anchylosed to cara-
pace and plastron. Digits with not more than 3 phalanges, which
are furnished with condyles. Limbs slender, feet short, and
claws 4 or 5.

Small turtles mostly in tropical and temperate America. Two
genera in our limits.

Key to the genera.

a. Carapace without traces of median keel in adult; head moderate; plastron
with anterior and posterior lobes nearly equal in length, both freely
movable and capable of closing shell; posterior lobe emarginate behind,
its angles rounded. KINOSTERNON

220 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

aa, Carapace more or less keeled, at least when young; head very large, with
strong jaws; plastron with its posterior lobe longer than anterior, trun-
cate behind, and its posterior angles not rounded; lobes of plastron little
movable, incapable of closing shell. TERRAPENE

Genus KINOSTERNON Spix.

The Mud Turtles.

Kinosternon pensylvanicum (Gmelin).
IPPATE SOS

Mud Turtle. Mud Digger. Musk Turtle.

Carapace slightly ovoid as viewed above, with greatest width
‘about first third in its length, or about opposite middle of second
vertebral plate. Anterior margin of carapace barely indented.
Carapace when viewed laterally with greatest depth about third
vertebral plate, and posterior descent of profile much more
strongly convex than anterior, which slopes gradually down in
front. Median vertebral keel broad, obsolete, and hardly defined.
Posterior surface of carapace abruptly vertical, and marginal
plates also all sloping down, none jutting out, though those along
anterior edge a little more obliquely inclined. Lower edge of
carapace as seen in profile posteriorly straight, and. laterally
slopes gradually up forwards, at first somewhat convex till nearly
horizontal a short space before neck. ‘Two plates forming bridge
of plastron deepest at their articulation, so that their length would
be 34 their depth. Axillary plate narrowly exposed. Inguinal
plate large and elongate. Plates of carapace smooth or with
only very obsolete traces of striz. Plastron ovoid, with a
marked constriction just behind bridge, so that greatest width
would fall near first third of its length or just before bridge.
Front of plastron convex, and each side converging back towards
bridge convexly. After constriction just posterior to bridge, each
side of plastron bulges out with a notch at junctions of femoral
and anal plates, and also a triangular one medianly at junction

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 221

of each anal. Plates on plastron all with more or less angulated
striez. Head large, heavy, depressed both above and below, and
with swollen appearance posteriorly. A marked depression on
middle of head above, and each side swollen convexly. Snout
obtusely protruding, nearly equally as long as broad, and in
profile sloping down inferiorly or towards throat. Eye moderate,
socket about 4% in head to occiput, or a little longer than snout,
lateral, and a little longer than deep. Mouth oblique, inferior,
edge of upper jaw shutting over lower all around, so that man-
dible is inferior and with convex surface. Upper jaw hooked in
front. Edges of jaws sharp and horny, and when closed gape

Mud Turtle. Kinosternon pensylvanicum (Gmelin). (Young.)

appearing with a notch in front behind hook of upper jaw, and
then convex, with bulge down. Mouth as viewed below 34 as
long as wide. When viewed above profile of head would form
a more equilateral triangle. Head and neck distensible for space
equal to 34 length of carapace, and wrinkled skin on neck form-
ing a fold on retracted head. Legs, feet and tail covered with
soft skin and some few weak scales or scale-like tubercles. Scales
perhaps best developed and strongest on soles and palms. A
few large scales at bases of fingers and toes above. No scales on
tail above. Limbs short, strong, and hind pair a trifle smaller.
Claws 5 on each front pair, and 4 on each hind pair. ‘Those on

222 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

fore limbs a little longer and stronger. ‘Tail robust, heavy, power-

ful, ending in a horny claw-like point, and moderately long.
Color in alcohol fades scarcely from olivaceous of live animal,
etc. Length 6% inches. This description from an example
taken by Mr. David McCadden at Ocean City Point, August.
19th, 1906.

Color of adult in life carapace olivaceous below, and plastron
horny-brown, with dull olive tints around sutures. Head, neck,
legs, tail and exposed skin muddy-brown, mottled paler on lower
surfaces of former. Iris brown. Fresh-water pond at edge of
tide-marsh, Palermo, Cape May County, April 15th, 1906. |

Mud Turtle. Kinosternon pensylvanicum (Gmelin). (Young.)

In this locality these turtles were very abundant, occurring all
about the swamps. ‘They were shy when in the water, though
were easily taken in a small dip-net. They swim well and make
no resistance when captured, immediately drawing within the
shell. They do not appear to me to be so odoriferous as Ter-
rapene, ‘The largest which we secured were about 6 inches from
end to end of carapace, and seem to be the maximum size for
the species. Many very small ones were found creeping about
in the long grass. Considerablé color variation is noticeable,
some examples having a nearly dusky plastron, and others a more
olivaceous or brownish carapace. ‘They associate with Chrysemys

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 228

picta and Clemmys guttata. It is said to be abundant about Den-
nisville, in Cape May County, where H. W. Hand, T. D. Keim
and myself observed it in September of 1906. Like Terrapene
it is known to the inhabitants by a variety of vernaculars, some
perhaps more expressive than elegant. Gmelin originally spelled
the specific name as adopted above.

Cistuda pensylvanica Say, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV,
pt. 2, 1825, p. 206 (ref. infers).

Cistudo pensylvanica Say, |. c., p. 216 (ref. infers).

Emys pensylvanica Harlan, Journ.:Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
pt. 1, 1829, p. 29 (ref. infers).—Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835,
p. 155 (copied).

Kinosternon pennsylvanicum Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III,
1838, p. 25, Pl. 3 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842,
p. 126, Pl. 21.—E,. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1898-99, No.
II, p. 16.—Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 179.

Thyrosternum pennsylvanicum Agassiz, Contrib, Nat. Hist.
U. S., I, 1859, p. 428.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799.

Cinosternum pennsylvanicum Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885,
DP. 475.

Genus TERRAPENE Merrem.

The Musk Turtles.

Terrapene odorata (Latreille).
PLATE 60.

Musk Turtle. Stinking Turtle.. Stink Pot. Stinky Pot. Stinky
Tiupies stinky Pond Turtles” Mud Piuctle:
Nail Turtle. Musk Tortoise.

Carapace rather evenly ovoid as viewed above, with greatest
width about last third of its length, or opposite posterior portion
of third vertebral plate. Anterior margin of carapace, also pos-
terior, evenly convex. When viewed laterally greatest height
of carapace at third vertebral plate or at point of its greatest

224 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

width, and posterior descent of profile much more steep than
more oblique anterior. Median vertebral keel rather narrow
and trenchant, carpace sloping steeply down on each side though
posterior surface not more steep than elsewhere, and marginal

Musk Turtle. Terrapene odorata (Latreille). (Young.)

plates nowhere jutting out, those just after bridge slightly more
depressed outwards than others. Lower edge of carapace as seen
in profile slopes gradually and more obliquely up from just after
bridge, and posteriorly but slightly. Posterior plate forming

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 225

bridge of plastron deep, and much larger than anterior. Plates
on carapace all more or less finely and obsoletely striate, sutures
prominent, and median keel sharp, otherwise smooth. Plastron
cruciform, much smaller than carapace or its length about 1%
in latter, and with large lateral processes of abdominal forming
bridge rather broad. Without bridges form of plastron elon-
gately-ovoid, and bulge at front of bridges greatest width or
about half its length. Gular plate small, single. Branchial plates
small, 2, and much smaller than thoracic. Abdominal largest of
all plates. Femoral subtriangular, and subcaudal quadrilateral.
Free edges of plastron notched at sutures, and an emargination
at posterior edge of subcaudals. Plates of plastron all with more
or less angulated strie. Head large, depressed both above and
below, and with swollen appearanc posteriorly so that it is elon-
gately oval as viewed above, with anterior convergence ending in
sharp-pointed snout. Eye large, high and anterior. Mouth
slightly undulated, inclined slightly posteriorly, upper jaw pro-
jecting well beyond lower, and shutting outside. Upper jaw
strong and sharp-edged, and lower equally strong and recurved
in front. Mouth as viewed below 34 long as wide. Head and
neck distensible for about */; length of carapace, forming fold
over head when retracted, and wrinkled skin on head and neck
covered with fleshy tubercles or points. Legs, feet and tail cov-
ered with soft skin.- Fore limbs with 3 large scales on carpus
above, and a number of small ones over bases of fingers. A few
scales over bases of hind toes above. ‘Tail not scaly. Fore limbs
short, rather robust, and each of 5 fingers with a short curved
claw. Hind limbs compressed at tarsus, and with 5 toes, of
which only 4 inner have claws similar to those on fingers. Tail
robust, pointed, conic, short, thick at base, and ending in a horny
point. Color in alcohol with carapace dusky-olive, scarcely
mottled with darker. Plastron soiled brownish. Head dull
blackish above, and same general ground-color extends below. A
pale or whitish streak from tip of snout above over eye and back
towards carapace. Below this a still more pronounced similar-
colored streak begins on snout below and extends back on neck
below eye. Still another equally as distinct on side of mandible,

I5 MU

_226 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. »

but not extending on neck. On wrinkled skin of neck, lines lon-
gitudinally, made up of spots on tubercles, extend to number of
about 10. Feet and legs all grayish mottled horn-color and
spotted with brownish and paler. Iris slaty. Length about 3%
inches. Mare Run, tributary of the Great Egg Harbor River,
at May’s Landing, Atlantic County, April 23rd, 1905. ‘T. D.
Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Dr. Abbott says they are common about Trenton, and are fre-
quently taken by anglers on lines though are of no value. I
found an example in a cut-off of Mantua Creek, near Mantua, in
April of 1906. Its carapace was covered entirely with moss-like
vegetation. ‘This species is said to occur about Dennisville, in
Cape May County, though I have never seen any examples from
there.

Terrapene Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amphib., 1820, p. 27, type
Terrapene boscii Merrem (= Testudo odorata Latreille) by first
species has priority over Aromochelys Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1855, p. 199, type Testudo odorata Latreille by first
species. dromochelys now generally in use must then give way
to Terrapene.

Cistuda odorata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt. 2,
1825, p. 206 (ref. infers). ?

Cistudo odorata Say, |. c., p. 216 (ref. infers).

Emys odorata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, pt. 1,
1829, p. 30 (ref. infers).—Harlan, Med Phys. Res., 1835, p.
156 (copied)..

Sternothaerus odoratus Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1838, p.
29, Pl. 4 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842, p. 133,
Pies:

zotheca odorata Abbott, Geol N. J., 1868, p. 799.

Aromochelys odorata Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 475.—
Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.—Fowler, Am. Nat., XL,
1906, p 596.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 2

bo

N

Family EMY DID.
The Pond Turtles.

Carapace ovate, broadest behind, margin with tendency to
flare outward, highest near middle and usually not strongly
convex. Plastron covering whole under surface, with 12 plates,
sometimes anterior lobe, though rarely posterior, movable on a
transverse hinge enabling animal to completely close its shell.
Shell covered with epidermal shields. Neck completely retractile
within shell, and bending by a sigmoid curve in a vertical plane.
Parietals prolonged downwards, forming suture with pterygoids,
or separated from latter by interposition of epipterygoid. Ptery-
goids narrow in middle, in contact on median line. No parieto-
squamosal arch, squamosal widely separated from parietal.
Mandible with articulary concavities. Outer border of tympanic
cavity deeply notched. Lateral temporal arch usually present.
Nuchal plate without well developed costiform processes. Dorsal
vertebree and ribs immovably united and expanded into bony
plates forming a carapace. A complete set of marginal bones,
connected with ribs. Cervical vertebree without or with mere
indications of transverse processes, and centrum of last cervical
articulating with that of first dorsal. Caudal vertebrz proccelous.
Pelvis not anchylosed to carapace and plastron. Symphyseial
branches of pubis and ischium parallel, in contact, or narrowly
separated from each other. Plastral bones 9. Epiplastra in
contact with hyoplastra. Entoplastron if present oval, rhom-
boidal, or T-shaped. Digits short or moderately elongate, with
not more than 3 phalanges, and latter with condyles. ‘Toes
broadly webbed in some, and scarcely webbed in others. Claws
4 or 5.

A large and widely distributed family. Found abont ponds,
shores of still streams and marshes, and a few strictly terrestial.
Though they take animal food they rarely capture active prey.
Most will not bite except under provocation.

_228 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Key to the genera.

a. Plastron not hinged, immovably joined to carapace.
b. Alveolar surface of jaws broad.

c. Carapace more or less keeled, scarcely depressed; upper jaw not
notched in front; alveolar surface of jaws smooth, a deep groove in
front; head covered with soft skin.

d. Lower jaw with a spoon-shaped dilatation at tip. GRAPTEMYS
dd. Lower jaw without spoon-shaped dilatation. MALACLEMYS
cc. Carapace scarcely keeled; upper jaw notched in front; alveolar
surface of upper jaw divided by a longitudinal ridge parallel to
margin; head with hard skin. : PSEUDEMYS

bb. Alveolar surface of jaws narrow.
e. Carapace depressed, never keeled; toes strong, broadly

webbed, and hind feet largest. CHRYSEMYS
ee. Carapace considerably arched; feet subequal and toes nar-
rowly webbed. cCLEMMYS

aa. Plastron with movable transverse hinge across middle; a movable car-.
tilaginous lateral suture unites carapace with plastron.
f. Body depressed; plastron emarginate behind; toes well

webbed. EMYDOIDEA
ff. Body short and high; plastron rounded or truncate
behind; toes scarcely webbed. DIDICLA

Genus GRAPTEMYS Agassiz.

The Map Turtles.
Graptemys geographicus (Le Sueur).

PLATE 61.

Map Turtle.

Carapace broad, depressed, and greatest width about */, in its
length or opposite posterior summit of third vertebral plate.
Anterior margin of carapace slightly emarginate. When viewed
laterally with greatest depth apparently opposite summit of
second vertebral plate (damaged). Median vertebral keel
evident, most distinct on last 2 vertebral plates. Marginal
plates broad at anterior part of carapace, narrow at sides and
deeply concave on upper surfaces of fourth to sixth, third and

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 229

seventh but slightly so where adjoining. Posterior marginals
broady expanded and their edges producing serrated appearance

Map Turtle. Graptemys geographicus (Le Sueur). (Young.)

with tips of each somewhat rounded. Marginals at bridge all
longer than deep and, their upper edges forming a lateral ridge to

-230 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

carapace above marginal concavity. Inguinal and axillary
plates large. Plates of carapace all more or less smooth. Plas-
tron elongate, of more or less even width, rounded convexly in
front, and rather elongately convex behind. Anterior margin
slightly emarginate medianly and posterior margin broadly
emarginate, with slight notch on each edge at femoral and anal
sutures. Plates on plastron with rather obsolete longitudinal
wide-set striz. Color of carapace when dried dull brownish, with
dull brownish reticulating lines of various pattern all.over. In-
ferior portions of marginal shields pale brownish like unicolor
plastron, only with a number of transverse brownish lines more
or less convergent around each suture from edge of shell.
Sutures of plastron dusky. Length of carapace 6 inches. Bay-
side. Witmer Stone. ;

The above described shell is the only information I have con-
cerning this species.

Graptemys geographica Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.—
Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 160.

Genus MALACLEMYs Gray.

The Salt Marsh Turtles.
Malaclemys centrata concentrica (Shaw).
[PLATE 62. Malaclemys centrata (Latreille).]

Diamond Back Terrapin. ‘Terrapin. Diamond Back. Salt
Marsh Turtle. Salt Marsh Terrapin.

Shell smooth or with concentric grooves. Greenish or dark
olive, rarely black. Plates of carapace and plastron usually with
concentric dark stripes.

I have no fresh examples. Mr. Stone records it from Cape
May (Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger), based on 2 shells, and
another from Delaware Bay, though without definite locality.
One was taken at Anglesea by Mr. Wm. J. Fox in 1896 on
the salt-marsh. Mr. George Z. Hartman, of Palermo, Cape May

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 231

County, reports it rare on the salt-marshes near there. Mr. H.
Walker Hand says it occurs on the salt-marshes about Cape May,
though does not seém to be especially abundant. About Stone
Harbor, in Cape May County, as many as a dozen are reported
to be taken most every year, though they are scarce and rather
difficult to procure. They crawl out of the creeks on the advent
of frost, and seek winter-quarters by hibernating in the black

Diamond Back Terrapin. Malaclemys centrata (Latreille). (Young.)

mud along the banks. ‘This is generally a short distance from
the water’s edge. They bury a foot or so in the mud and remain
there all winter. When spring approaches they become revived,
and move out again. They seem to prefer certain places, burying
themselves, and will continue for quite a distance up a stream
or inlet, till a favored locality is found. By means of the dis-
turbance they have caused in the mud, at the places where they

232 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE. MUSEUM.

have attempted to burrow, they may be successfully trailed.
They are eagerly sought on account of the high market prices.
Animals from the same places are found to vary in color from
rather deep slaty to very pale, and others to olivaceous or lighter.
In size, those 6 inches in length measured over the plastron
longitudinally are usual, and they are said to rarely attain 8
inches. As it is so highly prized as food persistent persecution |
seems to have more or less caused its decrease in most places.
The appended figures of the carolina diamond back show most
of the general characters of our form. ‘The differences can
best be seen only upon comparison of many individuals. Gray
originally spelled the generic name as above.

Emys centrata Say, Journ. Acad: Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt. 2,
1825, pp. 205) 211 (ref. infers) —Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., VI, pt. 1, 1820, p. 27 (ref. infers) —Harlan, Med.
Phys. (Res; 1835; peasaa(copied):

Malaclemmys centrata Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.

Emys terrapin Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II, 1838, p. 13, Pl. 2
(ref. infers ).—Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842, p. 87, Pl. 12.

Malacoclemmys palustris Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., IL,
1857, D. 437.

Malacoclemys palustris Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.

Malaclemmys palustris E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1898—99, No. II, p. 17.

Genus PSEUDEMYS Gray.

The Red Bellied Turtles.
Pseudemys rubriventris (Le Conte).
PLATE 63.
Red Bellied Terrapin. Red Bellied Turtle. Slider. Skill Pot.
Potter.

Carapace broad, ovoid as viewed above, with greatest width
about last third in its length or about opposite front of fourth
vertebral plate. Anterior margin of carapace barely indented.
Carapace when viewed laterally with greatest depth about oppo-

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 233

site suture between second and third vertebral plates, and pos-
terior and anterior descent of profile more or less similarly and
evenly convex. No median vertebral keel. Posterior surface of
carapace sloping down more gradually than anterior and mar-
ginal plates all more or less expanding out, those at bridge most
steep. Edge of carapace as seen in profile forming but a slight
angle at junction of ninth and tenth marginal plates, and from
over bridge it slopes evenly up anteriorly. ‘Two median plates
forming bridge deeper than long, and their uppermost edges
forming a well-marked lateral ridge to carapace, which also
extends a short distance further both in front and behind. In-
guinal and axillary plates large and rather broad. Plates of
carapace smooth, striz obsolete, and with a slightly corrugated
appearance. Plastron elongately ovoid, without marked con-
striction, and its greatest width falling about last fourth in its
length or opposite middle of femoral plates. Front of plastron
truncate, and then a slight emargination at junction of each
thoracic with humeral plates in convergence towards bridge. A
notch at junction of femoral and anal plates, also median junc-
tion posteriorly of pair of latter. Plates on plastron with obso-
lete angular striz. Head comparatively small, slender or
fusiform, depressed both above and beiow, and with somewhat
swollen appearance posteriorly. Upper suriace more or less level.
Snout obtusely protruding beyond mandible, nearly as long as
broad, short, and in profile sloping convexly down inferiorly
towards mandible. Eye moderately large, socket a little over
3 in head, much larger than snout, lateral and circular. Mouth
inferior, edge of upper jaw closing- over lower, emarginate ante-
riorly as viewed laterally, and when viewed in front also with a
distinct notch. Edges of jaws flattened or levelled inferiorly,
especially in front. Mandible when viewed from below rather
broadly convex, so that its length is about 34 its width. When
viewed above profile of head forms a rather even triangle. Head
and neck at least distensible for space equal to third of carapace,
and skin rather finely wrinkled on neck where it forms a fold
over retracted head. Legs, feet and tail covered with well-
developed scales, those on front of fore limbs, and region of hal-

234 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

lux of hind ones largest. Scales on palms and soles all small.
Scales not especially enlarged at bases of fingers and toes above.
Tail well scaled above. Limbs moderate, strong, and hind pair
a little larger. Claws 5 on each front pair of limbs, and 4 on
each hind pair. Those on fore limbs with median long and
slender, graduated down from third, which is longest. Hind
claws much shorter, though slender. Tail rather short, robust,
conic, and ending in a slender tip. Color when fresh in alcohol
with carapace deep blackish-brown, with very obscure slightly
paler brown shades. Lateral plates below, and bridge, dull to
somewhat pale dusky mottled with dusky-crimson to lighter
shades, and deeper shades of crimson and dilute yellowish. Plas-
tron more or less dilute brownish around margin, and both ante-
riorly and behind mottled with more or less crimson to slightly
yellowish and dusky tints. Median portion of carapace more
or less pale. Head, legs, feet and tail black, with streaks of
yellowish-white on under surface of head, tail and hind limbs.
Iris greenish with dusky. Claws blackish. Length about 11
inches. Described from an example taken near Dennisville in
Cape May County.

About Dennisville this is abundant in the fresh-water ponds or
marshes, and is valued as food. T. D. Keim, H. W. Hand and
myself observed it there in September of 1906, when the above
described example was taken. A much smaller example differed
in having the plastron and lower edge of the carapace more deeply
or brightly marked than the one described, besides appearing
with more blackish sprinkled about. They are rather shy as a
rule when handled, and retract entirely within the shell. The
only noise I have heard them make has been a slight hiss, and this
only when disturbed or frightened. About Trenton, according
to Dr. Abbott, it is abundant, and next to the snapper, the largest
species. It reaches a length of 18 inches, though is usually
smaller, about 13 inches being most frequent. In this locality
they occur in mill-ponds and creeks, though may also occur in
the river. ‘They are used as food. They were reported from
Mantua Creek, near Mantua, in April of 1906, and Mr. G., Z.
Hartman says they occur in fresh-water near Palermo. Near
Medford, on one occasion I saw a large example in the Rancocas

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 235

Creek. They have also been observed in this locality by Messrs.
Witmer Stone and David McCadden.

Emys rubriventris Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 154.—
Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II, 1838, p. 38, Pl. 6.—Holbrook, |. c.,
Bobo), 1642) mack Pl. 6.

Pseudemys rubriventris Stone, Am Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.

Ptychemys rugosa Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857,
Pp. 431.

Patychemys rugosa Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 799.

Pseudemys rugosa Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 475.

Emys serrata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt. 2,
1825, pp. 204, 208 (ref. infers).—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., VI, pt. 1, 1829, p. 28.—Harlan, Med, Phys. Res.,
POsS pia a (rch, iikers)

Genus CHRYSEMys Gray.

The Painted Turtles.
Chrysemys picta (Schneider).
PLATE 64.

Painted Terrapin. Painted Turtle. Yellow Belly. Yellow
Bellied Terrapin. Chequered Terrapin.

Carapace rather elongately ovoid as seen from above, and
margin entire save for a few slight irregular gashes on anterior
median edge and slight median notch posteriorly. Greatest
width of carapace about last */,) of its length or opposite front
of fourth vertebral plate. When viewed laterally greatest depth
of carapace about summit of second vertebral plate, and its mar-
gin slopes gradually down to front of eighth marginal plate, then
slightly up to tenth and slightly down finally to posterior por-
tion of eleventh. No median vertebral keel, and surface of
carapace evenly convex. Anterior surface of carapace a little
more steeply convex than posterior, though latter a little more
concave at postero-lateral regions than at antero-lateral. Plates
forming bridge a trifle longer than broad, and their upper edges

236 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE/MUSEUM.

forming an obsolete lateral ridge of rather short extent in front
and behind. Inguinal plate long and narrow, and axillary
smaller and broad. Plastron large, very elongate-ovoid, or its
ereatest width but a trifle over half its length, and this point
at external margins of femorals. Gulars broad, extending for-
wards opposite front edge of carapace and with uneven edge.
Humeral large. Thoracic and abdominals larger, broad, and
latter nearly twice size of former. Femoral larger then hu-
meral, and anal very broadly triangular, much larger than gulars.
Plates on both carapace and plastron entirely smooth and with-_
out striz. Head rather short, robust, depressed above and below.

Painted Terrapin. Chrysemys picta (Schneider). (Young.)

Snout short, deeper and broader than long, and obtuse. Profile
of snout not sloping back very far. Eye large, high and anterior.
Mouth curved, and upper jaw shutting outside of lower, with
median anterior notch on each side to leave a slight denticle.
Mandible slightly recurved upwards in front, and when viewed
below broadly triangular so that its length is much less than
width. Head and neck distensible for a space about % length

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 237

of carapace beyond its margin, and wrinkled skin forming a -fold
over it when retracted. Legs, feet and tail all more or less scaly,
and those on anterior faces of former largest. Scales on palms
and soles moderate, and those on bases of fingers and toes above
large, though not so large as some others. ‘Tail well scaled, 2
rows below. Fore limbs rather short and compressed. Fingers
5, and each with a rather curved slender claw. Hind limbs
rounded above, and tarsus flattened. Toes 5, though only each
of inner 4 with a long slender claw, longer than those on fingers.
Tail short, slender, tapering and rather quadrangular towards

Painted Terrapin. Chrysemys picta (Schneider). (Young.)

base. Color in alcohol with carapace blackish-brown. Along
or within each of sutures of plates dull olivaceous to brownish
streaks, broadest and most pronounced at suture of first and
second lateral, and latter and third lateral, and suture of first
and second vertebral plates. Middle of carapace with a narrow
line of dull brownish, entirely dividing shell. Each of mar-
ginal plates with yellowish of below extending over edges in a
median marginal blotch soon fading into brownish, which is
continued across plate as a transverse line. Usually 1 or more

_238 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

streaks on each side of this of brownish, very irregular, more
‘ or less broken up into bars and spots at times, and also some-
times obsolete or joined by horizontal streaks above. Edges
of marginal plates below beautifully variegated, largely with
vermilion or bright red to orange and black, lines of demarcation
all very distinct. These usually as a broad transverse black
ocellus enclosing marginal suture. A black variegated band
extends along each side of bridge close below marginal plates
at that point. Plastron otherwise uniform yellowish-brown.
Head blackish above, with several narrow yellow lines from
snout to orbit. Jaws blackish, each with several narrow longi-
tudinal lines. From behind eye 2 yellow lines extend down
side of neck, on throat 1 extends from symphysis of mandible,
and 1 on each side a little more enlarged than others. Skin on
neck and all of limbs generally black. On fore limbs about 3
broken longitudinal red lines and some red dots. Hund limbs
with several lemon-yellow streaks, 1 begins at outside of first
claw and extends to femoral plate, another extends from hallux
and to side of tail, where it is orange and continues out on base
of latter a short space. A little posterior a similar shaded line
extends along under surface of tail to its tip. On posterior sur-
face of hind limb a lemon-yellow band to base of tail above. On
upper surface of tail a little posterior 2 narrow streaks of yel-
lowish extend dorsally to tip. Claws blackish, becoming pale
towards tip. Iris slaty. Length about 9 inches. Great Egg
Harbor River at Mare Run in Atlantic County. T. D. Keim
and H. W. Fowler.

Abundant about Dennisville in the fresh ponds, and valued
as food. It attains a little greater size than Clemmys guttata
with which it usually associates. In fact it seems to be a little
more abundant. Mr. Wm. J. Fox found it common on the
marshes below Gloucester in 1895. Dr. Abbott says it is common
about Trenton, and is used as food, as in most other localities.
This was the most abundant species in Cedar Swamp Creek, and
the fresh water ponds along the salt-marsh at Palermo, Cape
May County. They are shy and usually more difficult to cap-
ture than the others. When sitting on a tussock they either

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 239

slide off into the water, or should their bodies be inclined much,
turn over backwards and then drop in with a splash. They are
beautifully marked and of elegant color, always appearing as if
freshly painted. If captured, especially the larger ones, they
squirm and attempt to get away by clawing. If placed on the
carapace they turn over by distending the neck, and struggling
with their legs. They are good swimmers and may frequently
be seen in the water with only the tip of the nose projecting.
Often they crawl out on logs or banks. Though variable in
their color-tints to some extent, they are always of the charac-
teristic pattern. Very small ones were equally abundant with
the adults.

Emys picta Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt. 2, 1825,
pp. 205, 211 (ref. infers)—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., VI, pt. 1, 1825, p. 25 (ref. infers) —Harlan, Med. Phys.
Res., 1835, p. 151 (copied).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II,
1838, p. 19, Pl. 3 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842,
Dee Seek Ly LO:

Chrysemys picta Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857,
p. 438.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.—Abbott, Nat. Ram-
bles, 1885, p. 475.—Cope, Am. Nat., XXX, 1897, p. 943.—
Sone, Ani Nat. XI, 1906, p. 160.

Genus CLEMMys Ritgen.
The Wood Tortoises.

Key to the species.

a. Carapace usually more or less keeled; upper jaw deeply notched and
arched downward.

b. Head not notably narrower below than above; a bright orange blotch

on each side of neck. MUHLENBERGII
bb. Head decidedly narrower below than above; no orange blotch on each
side of neck. INSCULPTA

aa. Carapace not keeled; edge of upper jaw nearly straight or but slightly
notched. GUTTATA

240 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Clemmys muhlenbergii (Schcepff).

PLATE 65.

Muhlenberg’s Turtle. Muhlenberg’s Terrapin. Mud Turtle.

Carapace broadly ovoid, and as viewed above with greatest
width about last third of its length, or about opposite suture
of third and fourth vertebral plates. Margin of carapace entire
save for slight notches at sutures, and in front scarcely indented
medianly. When viewed laterally greatest depth of carapace
about summit of third vertebral plate, and posterior descent of
profile a little more evenly convex than anterior, which slopes
down more gradually forwards. Median vertebral keel obsolete.
Posterior surface of carapace sloping down a trifle more steeply
than anterior, and marginal plates all more or less expanding
out, those at bridge as usual most steep. Edge of carapace seen
in profile sloping down gradually behind to margin of eighth
plate, after which it is very slightly concave, and then a trifle
convex. ‘Two median plates forming bridge deeper than long,
and their uppermost edges forming a slight ridge which is also
continued both in front, and behind some distance. Inguinal
and axillary plates rather large, and inconspicuous under edge
of carapace. Plates of carapace all with concentric angulated
striz. Plastron elongately ovoid, its greatest width about 1*/,
in its length and falling about last fourth or opposite femoral
plates. Both anterior and posterior edges of plastron with a
median broad emargination. Edges of plastron scarcely notched
at sutures of plates. Gular plates rather large, and both together
form a triangle. Humeral plates a little smaller than thoracic,
which are nearly as large as abdominals. Femoral and anal
very broad and large. Plates on plastron with pronounced
strie. Head and neck rather small and short, former rather
elongate, depressed, and with broad upper surface rather evenly
convex. Posteriorly head but little swollen. Snout short,
obtuse, front surface bevelled inferiorly, and when viewed above
seen to be twice as long as broad. Eye large, rather high, and
comprising last 34 in space between tip of snout and ,rictus.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 241

Mouth rather large, inferior, edge of upper jaw closing over
lower, and when viewed in front with a distinct notch. Surfaces
of jaws a little convex. Mandible slightly turned up at sym-
physis, and when viewed from below its length about 4% of its
width. Head and neck distensible for space beyond carapace
about 7% length of latter. On neck skin rather finely wrinkled
with minute scales, and forming a fold over retracted head.
Legs, feet and tail covered with well-developed scales, those
on front of fore limbs large. Large scales also on front of
femur and posterior tibial region. Scales on palms and soles
all small. At bases of fingers and toes above scales especially
enlarged. ‘Tail well scaled, in 2 series below. Limbs moderately
strong, anterior a little larger, and with 5 well-developed slender
curved claws. Hind limbs with but 4 claws on inner toes, outer
obsolete. ‘Tail elongately conic and tapering to a slender tip.
Color in alcohol dark brownish to dusky on carapace, or with
more or less blackish tints. Each plate of plastron black with
narrow dull chestnut margins, and median suture with a broad
yellowish-brown longitudinal streak which also bifurcates more
or less and passes somewhat narrowly on most all transverse
sutures. Under surface of marginal plates of carapace blackish
with brownish sutures. Head blackish above. A short indis-
tinct yellow line extends from snout to eye. Jaws brownish.
Top of head with several yellow spots and a bright large orange
blotch on each side of head posteriorly above. Neck dark brown
above, paler below, and below brownish with dusky mottlings.
Feet dusky or blackish above, brownish below marked with pale
dusky. ‘Tail blackish. Iris brownish. Length about 4% inches.
Medford, Burlington County. May 20th, 1905. Witmer Stone.

Color of the above in life with carapace livid blackish, and
darker or paler mottlings very obscure or diffuse. Plastron
opaque blackish except narrow median streak which is pinkish,
though lamine on thorax become more or less ruddy or -pink-
ish tinted. Head and feet blackish with more or less dusky-
crimson below. A dark crimson-tinted streak extends down
dorsal region of tail. Upper surface of head with deep drab
lines, one immediately supraocular and along side of snout above.

16 MU

242° REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM,

Lower surface of head and legs with each scale marked with
more of a dull crimson spot. <A large bright orange bean-
shaped blotch on each mastoid région, extending back a little
in this example on skin of neck. Lower surface of head about
mandible with a number of brick-colored obscure specks. Jaws
horny-colored. Skin of shoulders rather bright brick-pink.
Skin of groin a little more or less reddish. Feet dirty brown
with more or less reddish tints. Claws horny-black. Iris deep
umber.

An example taken in a fresh-water pool at the edge of the
tide-marsh at Palermo, April 15th, 1906. Color of upper sur-
face of carapace burnt-dusky or blackish. ‘This tint extends
over most of the body. Lower surface, plastron, and edges
of lateral scales of carapace with more or less horny-reddish or
warm brown tints. Legs, tail and head dusky with warm
orange-brown markings. ‘Top of head spotted with bright yel-
low. Several orange spots on side of head posteriorly, one quite
large. |

Mr. B. W. Griffiths and myself secured a fine example in a
ditch near Grenloch in Gloucester County on May 19th, 1907.
It was found in a meadow-ditch of clear water. In color it was
rather brownish with rather conspicuous markings on the cara-
pace. The large blotch of orange-red on the upper side of the
neck in front was very distinct. It was of the usual size.

This turtle is mentioned from Cloister by Mr. C. H. Town-
send in Bull. N. Y. Zool. Soc. for July, 1906, p. 289. Dr. Abbott
has found it rather abundant and colonial in the meadow ditches
near Trenton. It was also aquatic in habits and similar to C.
guttata.

The first account of this species is Testudo muhlenbergu
Schceepff, Hist. Testud., 1792, p. 132, based on examples col-
lected by Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania.

Emys mulenbergit Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1,
pial) 1820; p25 (ref! mers.

Emys muhlenbergi Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 152
(copied).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., I, 1835, p. 59, Pl. 5.—
Holbrook); c.; Eid, 2) 1) 1842;7p.45;: Pla.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 243

Calemys muhlenbergu Agassiz, Contrib, Nat. Hist. U. S.,
I, 1857, p. 443.

Clemys muhlenbergu Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.

Clemmys muhlenbergii Abbott, Am. Nat., XVI, 1882, p. 707.

Chelopus muhlenbergu Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 475.

Chelopus muhlenbergi E. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y.,
1898-99, No. I1, p. 19.

Clemmys muhlenbergi Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.—
Fowler, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 596. ‘

Emys biguttata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt.
2, 1825, pp. 205, 212 (ref. infers?).

Clemmys insculpta (LeConte).

PLATE 66.

Wood ‘Tortoise. Red Belly. Rough Backed Turtle. Rough
Back. Fresh Water Terrapin.

Shell carinated and its plates marked with concentric strize and
radiating black lines. Color reddish-brown and each plate of
plastron with a black blotch.

This is an upland species and is scarce. It reaches a length
of 8 inches and is in demand as food. Dr. Abbott says it is
rare about Trenton. There is a shell in the Academy from
Woodbury. It sometimes lives in the dry woods though most
of those I have seen were along the banks of streams.

Emys insculpta Harlan, Med. Phys. Res.,* 1835, p. 152
(copied ).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., II, 1838, p. 17, Pl. 2—
Melbcookrlrc. Id. 2,0 1842, p. 93, Plt 1:

Glyptemys insculpta Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., L
1857, p. 443.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.

Chelopus insculptus Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 475.

Cleminys insculptus Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 169.

Emys scabra Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV, pt. 2,
1825, pp. 204, 210.—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV,
pi wt, 1620, Pp: Zo.

244 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Clemmys guttata (Schneider).

PiyATE, O75

Spotted Terrapin. Speckled Tortoise. Speckled Terrapin.
Spotted Tortoise. Speckled Back. Yellow Spotted
Terrapin. Pond Turtle.

Carapace broadly ovoid as viewed above, with margin entire,
and greatest width about opposite commisure of third and fourth
vertebral plates at, or a trifle before, last third in length. When
viewed laterally greatest depth of carapace about middle of its
length, and its margin sloping gradually down behind. Ne dis-
tinct medjan vertebral keel, except a median obsolete trace anteri-
orly. Posterior surface of carapace sloping down a little more
abruptly than anterior. Marginal plates all more or less expand-
ing, especially these postero-lateral, and those at bridge most
steep. Posterior profile of edge of carapace becoming: slightly
curved down. Plates forming bridge all a little longer than
broad, and their upper edges forming distinct lateral ridge which
extends somewhat forwards and backwards. Inguinal and axil-
lary plates rather large and more or less inconspicuous under
marginal plates. Plates of carapace smooth and with obsolete
strie. Plastron large, elongately ovoid, and greatest width
falling about last 7/; in its length or opposite middle of femoral
plates. Gular plates with a slight median anterior emargination.
Humerals smaller than thoracic, and abdominals largest. Fem-
orals larger than thoracic, and anals large, their posterior mar-
gins broadly incised. Plates on plastron with distinct angular
strie. Head short in comparison, rather small, depressed above
and below, and with somewhat swollen appearance posteriorly,
upper surface more or less broadly and slightly convex. Snout
short, deep, long as deep, though its breadth greater than either,
and in profile triangularly convex with lower sloping down
posteriorly to mandible. Eye large, high and anterior. Mouth
moderate, convex in profile, sloping up posteriorly, and upper
jaw shutting over mandible with a median notch anteriorly.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 245

Lower jaw strong and curved up in sharp point at symphysis.

fandible when viewed below broadly triangular with its length
1% in its width. When viewed above profile of head forms a
rather even triangle. Head and neck distensible for a space at
least % length of carapace, and skin finely granulated and
wrinkled on neck where it forms a fold over retracted head.
Legs, feet and tail covered with well-developed scales, and those
on anterior faces of limbs largest. Scales on palms and soles,
excepting hallux, small. Scales at bases of fingers and toes
above not especially enlarged. ‘Tail well scaled, in 2 series below.
Fore limbs rather short, and hind limbs rounded at thigh, and

Spotted Terrapin. ~Clemmys guttata (Schneider). (Young.)

with flattened tarsi. Fore limbs each with 5 fingers with a
single claw, median longest and slender, and of 5 toes of hind
limb only 3 inner ones clawed, median pair longest or longer
than any of others. ‘Tail slender, conic, rather long and flat-
tened below basally. Color in alcohol scarcely faded from that
of example noted below. Carapace black marked with a num-
ber of orange spots, none larger than pupil and not more than
2 or 3 on each plate. Head and neck blackish above, with a
few spots of yellowish-white. Upper jaw horny-brown, lower
more whitish. A large yellowish-white blotch above and behind
tympanum. Limbs blackish above and brownish below all more

246 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

or less with white interspersed dots, specks, reticulations or
streaks of one or other colors. Tail largely blackish below.
Plastron horny terra-cotta, also marginal plates of carapace
below. Sutures at bridge and edges of marginal plates of cara-
pace black. A broad median area of blackish down each series
of plates on carapace. Claws blackish. Eye brownish. Length
about 64 inches. Mare Run, tributary of the Great Egg Har-
bor River above May’s Landing in Atlantic County. April
23d, 1905. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. -

Near Cold Spring in Cape May County, Mr. H. W. Hand
and myself found this turtle very abundant in April of 1904.
They were found in the fresh water-soaked marshes and pools
at the edge of the salt-marshes. None were seen in the latter,
however. They seemed to prefer the short grass. A beautiful
example had the carapace black in life, spotted with bright
orange-yellow. Head and legs marked with rose-red and black.
Claws black. Jaws reddish and sides marked with longitudinal
brick-red lines. Iris brown with a longitudinal dark band. Top
of head with several dark spots. Plastron pale brownish marked
with black. Length 6 inches,

Abundant about Dennisville in Cape May County, and
sought for as food. They do not attain quite the large
size of Chrysemys picta though are equally active and
vigorous. Dr. Abbott says it is abundant about Trenton and
is used as food. Mr. §S. Harbert Hamilton found it in
Mantua Creek, near Mantua, in April of 1906. Mr. Witmer
Stone reports it about 3 miles southeast of Woodmansie in
Burlington County. About Palermo, Cape May County, George
Z. Hartman, T. D. Keim and myself found it abundant in
pools about the edge of the salt-marsh. It was, however, less
abundant than Chrysemys picta and Kinosternon pensylvanicum.
This was in April of 1906. We also found the young.

Emys guttata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, pt. 2,
1825, p. 212 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IT, 1838,
p. 25, Pl. 4 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, 1. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842, p. 81.
PSL,

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 247

Nanemys guttata Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., I, 1857,
p. 442.—Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.—Abbott, Nat. Ram-
bles, 1885, p. 475.

Clemmys gutiatus Stone, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 170.
Emys punctata Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, pt.

I, 1829, p. 25 (ref. infers). —Harlan, Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p.
I51 (copied).

Genus EmyporprEa Gray.
The Blanding Turtles.
Emydoidea blandingi (Holbrook).
PLATE 68.
Blanding’s Turtle.

Color black, usually with numerous yellowish spots above.
Plastron yellowish with black blotches. Head yellow-spotted.
Young nearly circular and black. Reaches 8. inches in length.

This is only known from within our limits by the record of
in Ce. Abbott:

Emys meleagris Abbott, Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 475.

Genus DiptcLa Rafinesque.

The Box Tortoises.
Didicla carolina (Linnzus).
PLATE 60.

Box Tortoise. Tortoise. Common Box ‘Tortoise. Turtle.
Land Turtle. Land Tortoise. Box Turtle. Common
Box ‘Turtle.

Carapace slightly ovoid as viewed above with greatest width
about last fourth in its length or opposite front portion of fourth
vertebral plate. Anterior margin of carapace a little emargin-

248 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

ated. Carapace when viewed laterally deepest at third vertebral
plate and posterior descent of profile much more evenly convex
than anterior, median keels of each vertebral plate only slightly
jutting out. Vertebral keels rather narrow and low, their sur-
faces smooth. Lower margin of carapace barely sloping down
to suture of seventh and eighth marginal plates, then turning
outward and backward to slightly descend again behind. Plates
forming bridge of plastron, along margin, with anterior much
deepest, and others graduated smaller behind. No axillary or
inguinal plates. Each plate of carapace with conspicuous con-
centric rings. Plastron a little ovoid, and its greatest width
falls about 36 of its length, or well behind the bridge. Front

Box Tortoise. Didicla carolina (Linneus). (Young.)

of plastron obtuse, each side converging back with somewhat
straight edges. Behind bridge sides of plastron more or less
undulated convexly all around, without median notch posteriorly.
Plates on plastron all with more or less obsoletely striated sur-
face. Head rather large, heavy, flattened and depressed above
and below, and scarcely swollen laterally behind each eye. Snout
truncate in profile, rounded when viewed above, convex on sur-
face, and its length about 24 its width. Eye large, socket about

.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 249

a third of head to occiput, lateral, and longer than deep. Mouth
horizontal, inferior, edge of upper jaw shutting over lower all
around so that mandible is inferior. Upper jaw hooked in front.
Edges of jaws sharp and horny and when closed gape slightly
undulated. Mouth when viewed below more of an equilateral
triangle than upper surface of head, which is somewhat of an
isoceles. Head and neck capable of being protracted half length
of carapace, and skin on neck forming fold for protractile head,
wrinkled and pustulate, or with small tubercles. Legs and feet
covered with large, scales anteriorly on former and just behind
palm, and on femoral and tarsal region of latter. Scales on
calves and bases of toes above also large. Large scales on tail
above. Limbs strong, and hind pair broadest. Claws 5 on
each front pair of limbs, and 4 on each hind pair, strong, former
short, and posterior larger, more curved and powerful. ‘Tail
conic, about equal from space between tip of snout and occiput.
*Color in life carapace jet-black, beautifully variegated and
speckled with bright ochré-yellow blotches of various patterns,
though some more or less radiating on large shields. These
markings also similar on anterior marginal plates. Sutures or
articulations of all marginal plates broadly black. Lower sur-
face of marginal plates of plastron pale horny-brown generally
and anterior half of this region finely streaked with dusky-
brown. ‘These streaks on plastron itself variable, more or less
radiated, and on 2 median pairs of plates somewhat broken into
specks or irregular spots of small size. Specks or blotches of
blackish rather than brown along lower surface of marginal
plates, and these latter also with more or less ochre tints. At
each junction of plastron laterally with bridge of carapace a dull
orange tinge. Head beautiful bright ochre with large black
reticulations. Jaws with black transverse streaks though not
present below or posteriorly. Neck duller ochre, due largely
to slightly dark lines formed in fine squamous reticulations of
skin. Blackish vermiculating or reticulating lines of upper sur-
face of head unite on throat posteriorly, though rather obscurely
defined and fading out more or less posteriorly. Skin within
cavities of shell dull chrome to brownish. Scales on limbs
largely dull orange and claws horny-brown, becoming transparent

250 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

towards tips. Skin between scales of limbs dirty yellowish-
brown. Scales on anterior portions of limbs rather brighter
than those behind, which are somewhat brownish or dirty orange.
Tail similar, only darker. Eyelids brownish. Iris carmine.
Length 53 inches, measured across carapace. Cold Spring near |
Cape May, in Cape May County. October 7th, 1906. T. D.
Keim and H. W. Fowler.

About Dennisville, in Cape May County, this species was re-
ported to be abundant in dry places, though never more than
several are met with during a single tramp. Dr. Abbott tells
me of an example which was dated and found 58 years later near
Trenton, in which locality the species is common about the up-
lands, though variable. About Palermo in Cape May County,
G. Z. Hartman and T. D. Keim found it close to the edge of
the salt-marsh in April of 1906. This example had bright carmine
eyes. I have found these animals copulating and the sexes prob-
ably remain together some time.

The generic name Didicla Rafinesque, Atlant. Journ. Fr.
Knowl., 1832, p. 64, type Testudo clausa Gmelin (==Testudo
carolina Linneus) intended and first species, is the oldest avail-
able for the box tortoise. Cistuda Fleming, Philos. Zool., II,
1822, p. 270, cannot be used as the only species mentioned is the
“box tortoise’ though his work is evidently based on Cuvier,
Régne Animal, II, 1817, p. 11, where the first species mentioned,
and thus consequently its type, is Testudo subnigra Daudin.
Cistuda would then supersede Sternotherus Bell, Zool. Journ., I,
1825, p. 305, with its type by first species Sternotherus trifasciatus
Bell, from China.

Cistuda carolina Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., III, 1835, p. 9, PI.
1 (ref. infers).—Holbrook, |. c., Ed. 2, I, 1842, p. 31, Pl. 2.

Cistudo carolina Davis, Am. Nat., XXI, 1887, p. 88.

Terrapene carolina Fowler, Am. Nat., XL, 1906, p. 596.

Cistudo virginea Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 800.

Cistudo clausa Say, Journ.. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philia., IV, pt. 2,
1825, p. 205 (ref. infers).—Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VI, pt. 1, 1829, p. 23 (ref. infers) —Harlan, Med. Phys. Res.,

1835, p. 149 (copied).

RART IIE

A Supplementary Account of the
Fishes of New Jersey.

By HENRY W. FOWLER,

Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

(251)

A Supplementary Account of the Fishes of
New Jersey.

BY HENRY W. FOWLER.

Since “The Fishes of New Jersey’ has appeared in the last
Annual Report (1905), the writer has been extending his interest
in the fish-fauna of the State. Much new material has been ex-
amined and observations recorded, all of which are included in this
account. Several species have been added to our fauna, and other
rare forms have been taken, most of which have been recorded
under the caption ‘‘ Some Unusual New Jersey Fishes” in a recent
number of Science.

As all the species included in the fauna to-day have not been
figured in my first report, those which are there omitted are now
given in this account, with four exceptions (Dasybatus cen-
troura, Tetronarce occidentalis, Roccus chrysops and Ptero-
phryne, gibba). Several species which have been overlooked
have been included. ‘The unfortunate error of commission in
the case of referring the leopard shark to Galeus is here noted.
It should have been referred to Galeocerdo Miller and Henle,
as Galeus is the correct name for the European topes. In
presenting the accompanying figures it is but fair to state that
they are taken largely from the works of Le Sueur, De Kay,
Storer, Valenciennes, Holbrook, Muller and Henle, Agassiz,
Girard, Cope, Abbott, Bean, Jordan, Evermann, Marsh, Kendall
and others. There are some few originals of my own. Details.
are given in an appended “explanation of plates.”

During the past warm weather Mr. William J. Fox has been
located at Sea Isle City, and was able to make more complete
collections of the region. He has been very successful in secur-

(253)

254 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

ing more or less complete series of the pound-net fishes. Many
persons, most of whom have already been credited with con-
ducting field excursions in my first account, and also in the
first part of the present one, have assisted and contributed for
this.

Family CARCHARIIDA.

Carcharias littoralis (Mitchill).
PLATE 70.

Sand Shark,

The head of a large example, taken at Sea Isle City during
August, was forwarded to me by Mr. Wm. J. Fox. At Cape
May, Mr. H. W. Hand informs me that on opening the stom-
ach of a large shark, evidently this species, the remains of sev-
eral small sharks which were secured a couple of hours before
were found, well macerated by the action of digestion. That
they were most likely the sharks which had been captured
before he does not doubt, as previously their tails were severed
from their bodies. All of the remains were in this condition.

Family LAMNID&.

Lamna cornubica (Gmelin).
Mackerel Shark.

Recorded by me from reports of fishermen at Sea Isle City.
Lamna cornubica Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November

gth, p. 596.
Family GALEIDA.

Cynais canis (Mitchill).
Dog Shark,

Color of an adult when fresh sandy-gray above, inclining to
whitish below and on under surface of fins. ‘Tips of dorsals and

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 255

caudal slightly dusky.. Anal, lower surface of pectorals, and
ventrals, whitish like belly. Snout pale, both above and below.
Teeth whitish. Iris glassy sandy-gray. Sea Isle City. July
1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Dog Shark. Cynats canis (Mitchill).

It was abundant at this locality during all of the past summer.
They run with the weak fish about Cape May and appear at the
same time.

Genus GALEocERDO Miller and Henle.
The Tiger Sharks.
Galeocerdo tigrinus Miller and Henle.
PVA

Leopard Shark. Spotted Shark.

This species seems to me to be comparatively rarer than most
others. Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports it from Sea Isle City during
the past summer. One of about 70 pounds weight was noted
by the fishermen August 9th, and another on the 7th of the same

256 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

month. By a lapsus I have wrongly referred this shark to
Galeus Walbaum, the correct name for the topes, in the “Fishes
of New Jersey.”

Galeocerdo tigrinus Fowler, Science, XXV, 1906, November
oth, p. 596.

Carcharhinus obscurus (Le Sueur).

PLATE 72.

Dusky Shark. Man Eater.

A large shark reported early in July was exhibited at Wild-
wood. It was about 6 feet long and may possibly have been
this species, from all accounts. ‘These large sharks will frequent
a favored locality for a long time and it is usually for this rea-
son that the fisherman will try to capture them, as they interfere
with the fishing.

\

Carcharhinus milberti (Mtiller and Henle).

PLATE 73.
Small White Shark. Shark.

1 SF

Small White Shark. Carcharhinus milberti (Miller and Henle).

THE} FISHES! OF NEW JERSEY. 257

Scoliodon terrze-novz (Richardson).
PLATE 74.

Sharp Nosed Shark.

Family CESTRACIONTID/.
Cestracion tiburo (Linnzus).
PLATE 75.

Bonnet Headed Shark.

Dr. C. C. Abbott says that a stuffed example was in the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1860 which came
from Beesley’s Point.

Cestracion zygzena (Linnzus).

PLATE 76.

Hammer Head Shark.

One at Sea Isle City, July 23d, 1906, reported by Mr. Fox.

Family RAJIDZA.

Raja erinacea Mitchill.
Hedge Hog Skate.

Head 3 in body, measured from tip of snout to base of ven-
trals behind; snout 144 in head; eye 514; width of mouth 34%;
internasal space 256; bony interorbital region 4; interspiracle
region 27%; space between anterior pair of gill-openings 1%;
space between posterior pair of gill-openings 2; space between
origins of ventrals 124; greatest width of ventral, to end of
anterior lobe, 1%; base of first dorsal 2?/;; base of second dor-
sal 3; length of disk from tip of snout to tips of anterior ven-
tral lobes less than its width by space equal to bony interorbital

17 MU

258 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

area; tail measured from point opposite posterior basal edges of
ventrals a little greater than its length. Disk broad. Head
well depressed. Snout rather firm, only tip a little flexible, and
median fontanel a little depressed. Eye about last 24 of head,
elongate, and depressed above. Canthus well depressed. Mouth
transverse below, dental edge well convex or slightly double-
convex. ‘Teeth about 32 series in upper jaw. Lips thin, upper
scarcely free, and only edges of posterior flaps fringed. Nos-
trils large, outside exposed width of mouth, and sending back
a groove to corner of mouth and curving posteriorly towards its
fellow behind this. Interorbital space broad and concave, though
more or less flattened medianly. Gill-openings rather small.
Spiracles broad, their width about half of eye. Body rough.
An elongate-lunate cluster of large recurved thorns on each ante-
rior edge of disk. On upper surface of tail 4 series of large
curved thorns, 2 series on each side though none lateral, and
but a few smaller thorns on middle of back. Supraocular and
interorbital regions with small thorns. Anterior portions of
pectorals above finely roughened, and transversely along outer
portion of each an elongated cluster. On each side of back
medianly some small thorns. A patch of recurved thorns at
posterior basal portion of pectoral. Claspers finely asperous
along external edges. Lower surface of body entirely smooth,
without prickles. Dorsals 2, at end of tail and of about equa!
size. Pectoral with anterior edge convex, then concave and
finally convex, and entire posterior margin convex. Ventrai
elongate, anteriorly with a short lobe, otherwise elongate with
long compressed claspers. Vent large, well behind origins of
ventral fins. Color in alcohol little faded to brownish from
that as noted below. Color when fresh broccoli-brown on entire
upper surface generally, mostly with small indistinctly defined
spots of sepia about size of pupil, or but few larger, and scat-
tered about at more or less regular intervals. Spots not extend-
ing on edges of pectoral and ventral fins, or in fact very near
margin of disk at any point, which is also more or less paler or
translucent. On upper surface of disk also several large or
irregular dusky nearly to clove-brown blotches. Sides of snout

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 259

pale translucent. Dorsals, caudal, ventrals and claspers above
broccoli-brown. Spines all transparent horny-color. Iris silvered
with just a trace of brownish with a narrow ring of cream-buff
encircling blackish pupil. Lower surface of body livid brownish-
white with purplish, bluish and reddish tints, and on outer edges
of pectorals some of dark tints as spots showing through trans-
parent fins. Teeth whitish. Lower surface of tail with brown-
ish tints, especially towards its tip. Length 18% inches. One
16 inches long much paler and dusky blotches absent or replaced
by brownish, though spots otherwisé more or less uniform. Sea

Isle City. April 29th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Raja ocellata (Mitchill).
Biz Spotted Skate.

It has been taken off Palermo, in Cape May County, accord-
ing to Mr. G. Z. Hartman, where it reaches some size. Mr. H.
Walker Hand reports it from Cape May, though thinks it is not
so abundant along the ocean shore as the other species. When
hooked they describe small circles after the fashion of most skates.

Raja eglanteria Lacépéde.
IPEDS Giz
Common Speckled Skate.

Mr. Geo. Z. Hartman, of Palermo, says it-is common. It
also occurs at Ocean City. Mr. Fox obtained it at Sea Isle
City during the past summer.

Raja levis Mitchill.
Barn Door Skate.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports 5 or 6 large examples nearly 5 feet
in length from Sea Isle City, March 18th, 1906. The wings are
cut off for food and used by the Italians. One small one, pos-

260 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

sibly a young female, with a very spiny tail. They were numer-
ous April 29th, 1906, some reaching a weight of ro pounds
or more, and the “saddles” being preserved by the fishermen.
Mr. G. Z. Hartman, of Palermo, reports large examples nearly
5 feet across, evidently this species,

Family NARCACIONTIDZ.
The Electric Rays.

Trunk broad and thick. ‘Tail comparatively short and thick.
A longitudinal fold along each side of tail. Snout not saw-like,
blunt and broad. Eyes small. Mouth small. Anterior or nasal
valves confluent into a quadrangular lobe. Electric organs pres-
ent, large, and composed of many hexagonal tubes between pec-
toral fins and head. Skin perfectly smooth. Usually 2 rayed
dorsal fins on tail, first over or behind ventrals. ‘Tail ends in a
rayed caudal.

Rays of moderate or large size in most warm seas, and cele-
brated for their power of giving electric shocks. They are said
to pass through first a shark-like, then a ray-like and finally a
torpedo-like stage in their development. The very young are
furnished with long external gills. A single genus on our shores.

Genus TETRONARCE Gill.

The Torpedoes.
Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer).

Torpedo. Electric Ray. Electric Skate.

Width of disk about 34) its length, very blunt or almost emargi-
nate in front. Spiracles not fringed, their edges smooth. First
dorsal more than twice size of second and inserted over middle of
ventrals. Color almost unifom black, with obscure darker spots,
on upper surface and white beneath. Length 5 feet.

Only kittown to me from an example captured on a small king-
fish line at Long Reach back of Peermont, Cape May County,

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 261

July 21st, 1907, by Mr. Wm. J. Fox. This example was mod-
erately large and escaped before it could be landed. This is the
first record of. its occurrence on our coast.

Family DASYBATID&.

Urolophus jamaicensis (Cuvier).
PLATE 78.
Round Sting Ray.
Dasybatus centroura (Mitchill).
Sting Ray.

Reported from off Palermo, as evidently this species, by Mr.
Hartman. Mr. H. W. Hand says that sting-rays, possibly this
species, are abundant in Delaware Bay, and about Green Creek,
where they are used as fertilizers. They take crab, clam or fish
bait and when taken on a line bite like a sea turtle, taking large
circles without giving in in the least, when they may be exhausted
after a time. They inflict painful wounds, the spines being
dirty or slimy also cause much inflamation, and persons have
been reported to have been injured for some time. The largest
reach about 5 feet. Dr. Abbott says that he saw a sting ray,
probably this species, taken from the coast of Belmar off the
mouth of Shark River in the late eighties.

Dasybatus hastata (DeKay).

PLATE 79.

Whip Sting Ray.

Dasybatus say (Le Sueur).
PLATE 80.

Say’s Sting Ray.

202. REPORTIOP NEW ARSE SLA TEs MUSE Uw Me

Family MYLIOBATIDZ.
Myliobatis freminvillii Le Sueur.
PLATE 81.

Stingaree,

Head 3 in body, measured from tip of snout to base of ventrals
behind; depth about 444; snout 2 in head; eye 4%; width of
mouth 214; internasal space 3; bony interorbital region 2; inter-
spiracle region 1°/,;; space between anterior pair of gill-openings |
1°/,; space between posterior pair of gill-openings 224; space
between origins of ventrals about 174; greatest width of ven-
tral 2'%%; length of ventral 124; caudal spine to its posterior
attachment 124; base of dorsal fin 4; length of disk from tip
of snout to tips of ventrals posteriorly about 134 in its greatest
width; tail, measured from point opposite posterior edges of
ventrals, 1%. Disk very broad. Head thick, depressed,
broadly convex above. Snout flexible, compressed to lateral
trenchant edge ending in a slight fleshy tubercle at top, and as
viewed from above broadly convex. Eyes large, elongate, lat-
eral, at some distance in advance of spiracles, with lower can-
thus well developed, high and about midway in length of head.
Mouth transverse below, dental edge slightly undulate or double-
concave with depression in middle. ‘Teeth broad as usual, each
median lamina very elongate. Lips thick and fleshy, upper
broadly free and with rather narrow fringed margin. Lower
lip thick, adnate, and with many plice. Nostrils large, within
width of mouth and sending back a deep groove which curves
around each side or corner of mouth though soon lost posteriorly.
Interorbital space broad, flattened, or with a rather shallow
median depression. Gill-openings rather small. Spiracles large,
lateral and deep. Body perfectly smooth. Dorsal fin small, its
edges rather evenly convex from origin which falls just behind
posterior edges of ventrals, and much longer than high. Tail
long and filamentous, cylindrical. Caudal spine longer than
space between spiracles, depressed, and each edge antrorsely ser-

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 263

rated. Pectorals broadly falcate, their tips falling about last */;
in length of disk. Ventrals rather long, free and truncate, with
rounded corners. Vent large, just after origins of ventral fins.
Color in alcohol little different from that noted in life or when
fresh. Color when fresh, back uniform dusky-brown, only imme-
diate edges of disk paler. ‘Tail all more or less dusky or brown-
ish. A single horn-colored dusky spine. Dorsal pale grayish.
Iris slaty-brown, with a brown black-edged ocellus around whit-
ish pupil. Disk below entirely milky-white with soiled effect.
Tips and under surface of each pectoral dusky. Length of body
with disk 20 inches. July 17th, 1906. Sea Isle City. Mr. Wm.
J. Fox. Another taken July 23d at the same place.

Myliobatis freminvillii Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, Novem-
ber oth, p. 596.

Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill).
PLATE 82.
Cow Nosed Ray.

Reported by Mr. Hartman from off Palermo.

Family ACIPENSERIDZ.

Acipenser sturio Linnzus.
Sturgeon.

Mr. Fox reported a few from the pounds at Sea Isle City early
in May of 1906. In the Delaware Bay they are fished for as
far south as Higby’s beach.

Family PSALLISOSTOMATID&.

Psallisostomus osseus (Linnzus).
PLATE 83.

Gar Pike.

264. REPORTION NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM:

Family ELOPIDZ.
The Tarpons.

Genus TAarpron Jordan and Evermann.

The Tarpons.
Tarpon atlanticus (Valenciennes).
PLATE 84.

Tarpon. Tarpum.
' This is now known from within the limits of the state by the
capture of 2 examples near Sandy Hook. The examples were
reported in a newspaper by Mr. C. H. Townsend, Director of
the New York Aquarium. They lived a short time in captivity.

Family CLUPEID.

Etrumeus teres (DeKay).

Round Herring.

Round Herring. Etrumeus teres (DeKay).

Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill).
Herring.

Color when fresh, bluish-slaty on back, scales themselves with
slight olivaceous tint. On back along each row of scales longi-
tudinally a brownish streak, lowest of which is not much below
level with eye. A dusky blotch at shoulder, indistinctly defined,

THE FISHES OF NEW. JERSEY. 265

and with several indistinct traces behind. Head grayish-brown
above, this color soiling mandible in front. Body all more or
less silvery-white, with beautiful burnished mercury effects.
Dorsal and caudal grayish-dusky, basally somewhat tinted dilute
olivaceous, and lower margin of lower lobe whitish. Other fins
all more or less whitish, margin of pectoral grayish above. Iris
silvered. Length 12% inches. Three examples July 18th, 1906.
Sea Isle City. Mr. Wm. J. Fox.

Mr. H. W. Hand says they are taken in the pounds and nets
about Cape May.

Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson).
Alewife.

Color in life with back olivaceous-dusky, though only su-
periorly. Upper surface of head dusky, and this color extend-
ing down on mandible, where it shades out below. A dull
greenish-dusky shoulder blotch. Scales beautifully washed with
mercury-silver, and back overshot with purplish or lilac tints.
Scales on back down for about 5 series underlaid with pale lilac
longitudinal stripes. Iris silvery, dusky above. Head below
_ eye silvery-white. Inside of gill-opening whitish, speckled with
dusky tints. Side of head with brassy reflections. Lower fins
translucent brownish, paler basally, and distal portions tinted
brownish inclining to a dull dusky. Upper edge of pectoral
dusky. Scales on base of caudal silvery. Adult. Cedar Swamp
Creek tide-water at Petersburg in Cape May County, April 16th,
1906. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. These fish run in above
the dam, and quite a number are taken in gill-nets at times.

Runs in the Tuckahoe River to Tuckahoe.

Alosa sapidissima (Wilson).

Shad.

Mr. Fox says a number have been taken in the Sea Isle City
pounds early in May of 1906. Mr. Hand says a few are taken in
the pounds, during the spring, at Cape May.

206: [REPORT OF (NEW JERSEY is TATESMUSE UM.

Clupanodon oglinum (Le Sueur).

Thread Herring.

Mr. Fox secured 2 examples during the past season.
Clupanodon oglinum Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November

gth, p. 596.

Thread Herring. Clupanodon oglinum (Le Sueur).

Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe).
Mossbunker.

Color when fresh with back generally, till level with eye, glau-
cous-blue, with slight shades of dusky and metallic tints. Side
and lower surface inclining to whitish, and everywhere entire
body more or less overshot with bright silvery-white. Upper
surface of head brownish-glaucous or olivaceous, with golden,
coppery, bronzed, brassy and other metallic tints, also these
extending well over sides. Snout and front jaws translucent
brownish, and adipose eyelid same. Iris silvery. Branchiostegal
region whitish. Inside of gill-opening shaded dark with dusky
dots. A broad median dorsal streak shaded olivaceous. Opercle
with dusky blotch in front. A blackish shoulder blotch a little

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 267

larger than pupil, and well defined. Middle of side, or costal
region, with 3 or 4 series of underlaid pale glaucous spots of
irregular size, though not any quite so large as pupil. Dorsal
and caudal dull olivaceous, edge of lower lobe of latter paler.
Pectoral, ventral and anal translucent brownish or whitish.
Length 14 inches. Sea Isle City. April 29th, 1906. Wm. J.
Fox. About 6 more also reported.

Family ENGRAULIDIDZ.

Anchovia eurystole (Swain and Meek).

Slender Anchovy.

Slender Anchovy. Anchovia eurystole (Swain and- Meek).

Anchovia brownii (Gmelin).

PLATE 85.

Broad Banded Anchovy.

Anchovia mitchilli (Valenciennes).
Sperlin.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports a single example from Sea Isle City,
July 4th, 1906. It was evidently this species and was found
among some silversides, Menidia, which had been taken for bait.

268 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Anchovia duodecim (Cope).
PLATE 86.

Long Finned Anchovy.

Family ANGUILLIDE.
Anguilla chrisypa Rafinesque.

Eel.

In Mantua creek, near Mantua, small eels were found in
abundance up to 6 inches in length. They frequent the creek and
all the cut-offs, especially the latter about tide-water, which are
more or less choked up with debris. All are more or less of the
uniform olive-color above and paler below. ‘They do not appear
in special numbers in a locality, but are evenly distributed. When
a pile of debris is hauled out on shore they immediately attempt
to retreat beneath, by poking about. April 8th, 1906. S. H.
Hamilton and H. W. Fowler. |

Small ones were found in the streams near Dennisville, in
Cape May County, during September of 1906.

Family CYPRINIDZ.*
Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque).
Puates 87 (adult) and 88 (young).

Blunt Nosed Minnow.

Semotilus bullaris Rafinesque.

Chub.

Chub. Semotilus bullaris Rafinesque. (Half-grown.)

*T find that Ophiocephalops recently proposed by me for a sub-genus of
Erythrinide is preoccupied by Hoploerythrinus Gill.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 269

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill).
PLATE 80.

Chub.

Leuciscus vandoisulus Valenciennes.

Rosy Dace.

Rosy Dace. Leuciscus vandotsulus Valenciennes.

Leuciscus margarita (Cope).

Gold Thread Shiner.

. e
Aco

ie
eteee
eet BESET ey,

Gold Thread Shiner. Leuciscus margarita (Cope).
Brama crysoleucas (Mitchill).
Roach. Roachie. Roache.

Color in life olivaceous-brown on back, with glassy effect.
Sides brassy-silvery, becoming white below. Dorsal and caudal
diluted warm olive-brown. Pectoral dilute greenish-olive, more
or less translucent. Ventral dilute orange-brown in front and on

270 REPORT/OF NEW JERSEY STATE (MUSEUM:

median portions. Anal transparent medianly, margin with iodide
tint. Iris silvered, a little dusky above with purplish and greenish
tints. Length 5 inches. Affluent of Crosswicks Creek near
Trenton. July 15th, 1906. Many smaller examples were noted
as showing same coloration, only altogether more brassy. Ex-
amples 4 inches long had the back bluish-green with more or less
silvery.

Color in life of young very dark with underlaid blackish lateral
band. Also jet-black streak on body at base of anal and extend-
ing on lower surface’ of caudal peduncle. General tint of body
deep bottle-blue, or blue-green with a beautiful metallic hue, and
in some lights overshot with silvery reflections. Belly and lower
surface but slightly paler than back, peritoneum showing through
silvery, and in fact most everywhere body has a translucent effect.
Fins translucent. Iris silvery, tinted a little dusky above. Small
cedar-stained stream from the second pond above Dennisville, in
Cape May County, during September of 1906. A number of
these small dark examples were seen, their dark coloration sug-
gesting that of Notropis chalybeus abbotti. They were difficult
to detect and capture in the dark water. Larger ones were
reported from the other pond, where they were said to- be locally
abundant, and are angled for by boys.

Color in life generally with steel-bluish-green, dark tint over
lower surface of body, including lower surface of peritoneum,
which shows silvery. Iris silvery. Back dark. Scales in lateral
line tinted with dusky dots at each tube. Fins translucent
brownish. Dorsal and caudal darker than other fins. Edges of
pectoral, ventral and anal slightly dusky. Along base of anal a
pale dusky streak. Base of caudal with dusky. Along side, after
death, a plumbeous lateral streak somewhat evident. Snout and
tip of mandible pale dusky. Length a trifle over 2 inches.
December 31st, 1906. Petersburg, Cedar Swamp Creek, Cape
May County. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. Several examples
taken. A smaller example seems to have lateral band a little
‘more evident, also streak along base of anal. These were asso-
ciated with Fundulus. :

In the tide-water of Mantua Creek Mr. S. H. Hamilton and
myself found these fish very abundant in the deeper pools. One

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 271

may angle with dough-bait on a small hook, and secure possibly
a dozen large ones in a morning’s fishing. ‘They take this bait
readily, frequently entirely nibbling it off without being captured,
as the cork bobs but little when the line is struck. They are
especially brightly colored in early April, with blue backs and red
ventrals, and average about 6 inches in length.

Mr. C. H. Townsend calls attention to Dr. Bean’s re-exami-
nation of specimens of the so-called “pearl roach” in the New
York Aquarium. Examples of this fish were described by the
latter as Abramis crysoleucas roseus. ‘They’are evidently an in-
troduced European fish, apparently of another genus. Thus my
suggestion that the variety, Brama crysoleucas versicolor
(DeKay), is the same is unfounded.

Notropis bifrenatus (Cope).
Bridled Minnow.

Frequent along the sandy shores of Mantua Creek near
Mantua. They may be taken in the shallows with a dip-net, asso-
ciated mostly with other small minnows as Notropis cornutus
and Fundulus diaphanus.

Notropis hudsonius amarus (Girard).

Gudgeon.

Gudgeon. Notropis hudsonius amarus (Girard).

272 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Notropis analostanus (Girard).
Silver Fin.

I found this minnow to be very abundant about sandy riffles
in Chestnut Branch of Mantua Creek, April Ist, 1906. Some,
quite large, were taken. Also abundant along the sand-bars or
shallow banks in Mantua Creek near Mantua with N. bifrenatus
and Fundulus diaphanus. Color in life of young pale translucent
brown, side shot with a longitudinal sheen of purple in some
lights and in others with blue-green. Fins translucent brownish.

Silver Fin. Notropis analostanus (Girard).

Peritoneum showing through abdominal walls bright silvery.
Side of head silvery. Iris silvery-white. A narrow dusky streak
from vent to caudal along lower edge of caudal peduncle. Length
about 1% inches. From the summit level of the Delaware and
Raritan canal at Trenton, October 1oth, 1906. Dr. C. C.
Abbott and H. W. Fowler.

Notropis cornutus (Mitchill).

Red Fin.

A large one taken at the second bridge at Mantua, in
Mantua Creek, by a dough-bait fisherman. Edge of caudal deep

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 273

scarlet, other fins also ruddy. E,xcrescences on snout and head
above. Length about 6 inches. Small ones taken with N. analo-
stanus, N. bifrenatus and Fundulus diaphanus, about the shallow
and often sandy or gravelly banks of the creek. Lateral band
dark lead-color and sometimes ending in a dusky spot at base
of caudal. This band extends from tip of snout, though not em-
bracing mandible, along side of head and then to caudal. Upper
surface pale olive-brown, edge of each scale becoming darker,
though those immediately over inlaid lateral band paler so as to
form a longitudinal pale streak. Iris silvery, except dusky lateral
band across horizontally. Lower surface whitish. Sides and
most of lower surface reflected silvery with metallic green, blue
or purple sheens in some lights. Fins transparent, lower whitish,

Red Fin. Notropis cornutus (Mitchi!l).

and dorsal slightly brownish, caudal diluted warm brownish.
Median dark streak down back. S$. H. Hamilton and H. W.
Fowler. April 8th, 1906.

Notropis chalybzeus (Cope).
Steel Sided Minnow.

Head 334; depth 474; D. m1, 7; A. 11, 7; scales 33 in lateral
line to base of caudal; 16 scales before dorsal; 7 scales obliquely
back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; snout 3*/; in head;
eye 27%; maxillary 3%; interorbital space 234; depressed dorsal
1; anal 144; pectoral 1%; ventral 1°/,; least depth of caudal

18 MU

274 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

peduncle 3; caudal 3*/; in head and trunk; pharyngeal teeth 2,
4-4, 2. Body robust, compressed and rather long. Lower pro-
file scarcely more convex than upper. Head rather large, robust,
compressed, and muzzle somewhat conic. Snout much broader
than long, convex. Eye large, circular and a trifle anterior.
Mouth rather small and oblique, with jaws nearly even or man-
dible scarcely protruding. Lips a little fleshy. Maxillary small,
barely reaching beyond posterior nostril or to front rim of eye.
Gill-rakers few, small and weak. Scales large, and those in
front of dorsal somewhat crowded in appearance. Lateral line
inconspicuous, with simple tubes, and complete. Origin of dor-
sal a trifle nearer base of caudal than tip of snout. Anal inserted
well behind last dorsal ray in vertical. Caudal rather long and
forked, lobes pointed. Pectoral not reaching ventral, or about
34 of space. Ventral placed well before dorsal, and not quite
reaching anal. Color in alcohol pale straw-brown, each scale
on back above pale area annectant to dark lateral band, edged
narrowly with dusky. Lateral band black, with steel blue-green
reflections, extends from muzzle including front edge of mandible
to base of caudal where it resolves in a jet-black blotch. Along
base of anal a narrow streak of dull dusky, and only extending
on lower surface of caudal peduncle a very short distance ante-
riorly. Dorsal and caudal dull straw-brown, pectoral similar
only with slight dull dusky margin above, and none of these
fins much darker than whitish ventrals and anal. Length 11°/,,
inches. Kinkora Creek near Kinkora, Burlington County. Octo-
ber 15th, 1906. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Color in life with back translucent hyaline or greenish-gray,
with edges of scales darker and vertebral column showing
through translucence distinctly brownish with metallic sheen in
some lights. Upper surface of head brownish. From snout, in-
cluding chin to base of caudal, a black streak or band wide as
pupil passes through iris and ends in a distinct black blotch at
base of caudal. In its course this band greatest in width at costal
region. When in water brownish and coppery reflections of
brain and vertebral column appear distinct, latter as a streak just
above lateral line or down middle of ‘back. A pale dusky streak

HE ISHES “OF NEW JERSE Y. 275

down back from occiput to dorsal. Peritoneum showing through
silvery-white. Lower surface of head silvery-white. Iris silvery-
white with dark band crossing. Fins transparent grayish, dor-
sal and caudal scarcely darker, edges of all pale, none dark.
Along base of anal a dusky streak more or less fading on lower
surface of caudal peduncle. Adult with same data as one de-
scribed. In young of less than an inch the black caudal spot is
very distinct and enlarged.

These little fish were found in a school of possibly 200 or
more individuals in the rather gently flowing waters of the above
creek. They all herd more or less together and usually are more
or less headed in the same direction, with the apparent purpose
of holding their own quietly against the current. They some-
times flash their sides in a similar way to the roach. They are
not especially shy, the whole school’ moving more or less by a
a concerted impulse, and many may be easily scooped out with
a dip-net in a single scoop. As they will return again and again
after being so disturbed it is an easy matter to secure most of an
entire school. I have never yet found this species except as above
described, and it usually does not appear to frequent the small
colder brooks where Rhinichthys atronasus is so abundant. They
were associated in the locality where we noted them with a few
examples of Brama crysoleucas, Notropis analostanus and young
Lepomis auritus.

Rhinichthys cataractze (Valenciennes).

Long Nosed Dace.

Long Nosed Dace. Rhinichthys cataracte (Valenciennes).

-276 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill).

Black Nosed Dace.

Black Nosed Dace. Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill).

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque).

PLATE Qo.

Horny Head.

Family CATOSTOMATIDZ.

Catostomus nigricans (Le Sueur).

PLATE OI.

Black Sucker.

Erimyzon sucetta oblongus (Mitchill).

Chub Sucker.

A fine example taken in a small cut-off of Mantua Creek just
‘above Mantua. Color when fresh olivaceous-brown above,
deepest on back, and becoming paler or whitish below. Sides and
lower surface, especially former, tinted with pale gamboge or
light olive, giving somewhat old brassy reflections. Edge of
each scale on back and sides olive or a little darker than general
coloration. Along middle of side of trunk, from opercle to base

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY, 277

of caudal, an underlaid diffuse broad dusky band marked at
intervals with diffuse vertical daubs extending.from back above
well down below. ‘These about 6 in number, first from predorsal
region, second from front of dorsal, third from base of last dorsal
rays, fourth just behind dorsal, fifth over anal, and sixth at base
of caudal. After death they appear more or less as 6 pairs of
diffuse bands. Head olivaceous above, becoming paler or tinted
gamboge on sides, and. whitish below. Dorsal radii pale brown
basally, membranes between dusky-olive till distally, when a
broad marginal band of pink-gray is formed, so that margin of
fin is only a very trifle more dusky or darker diffusely than this
color. Caudal rays largely pale brownish, membranes at base of
fin olive-dusky, especially those of lower lobe, then a broad pale

Chub Sucker. Erimyzon sucetta oblongus (Mitchill). (Young.)

olive median area more or less overshot with ruddy or pinkish to
margin where it is purplish or pinkish-dusky. Pectorals with
whitish bases, also few innermost rays, then largely deep brick-
ruddy or red, and sprinkled with neutral or dusky distally but so
as to leave a slightly submarginal paler area of ruddy to each fin,
and this is most conspicuous on its upper or outer surface. Radii
of anal, and margin broadly, ruddy-pink, membranes to base
dusky. Iris reddish-brown, especially a narrow circle around
pupil. Lips whitish. Length 734 inches. April 8th, 1906. S.
H. Hamilton and H. W. Fowler.

Tuberculated males occur in the first pond at Dennisville in
Cape May County, and as many as 30 or 40 have been taken
during a single day in gill-nets, according to reports.

bo
me
CO

REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family SILURIDZ.
Ameiurus natalis prosthistius (Cope).

PLATE 92.
Pine Barrens Cat Fish,

Mr. G. Z. Hartman says that a cat fish with white mental
barbels occurs in Cedar Swamp Creek, which is very likely this
species,

Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur).

Yellow Cat Fish.

Color in life above olivaceous, mostly very bright, fading
golden-yellow-olive on sides to whitish on under surface, and
in some lights brassy. Lower surface of head tinted coppery.
Barbels dusky, mentals slightly pale basally. Fins dusky, caudal,
pectoral and ventral paler at bases. Spines brownish. Most of
fins with more or less ruddy. Iris brownish-olive with a narrow
circle of silver adjoining pupil. Length 12 inches. Cedar
Swamp Creek at Petersburg, Cape May County. April 15th,
1906. Many examples in the tide-water all more or less green-
ish-yellow on sides. They are taken in some numbers in gill-nets.
T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Color of an adult in life deep dusky-olive, vertical fins all
dusky. Abdomen creamy. Pectoral and ventral dusky, and
barbels blackish. Iris with a narrow circle of silvery. Affluent
of Crosswicks Creek near Trenton, July 15th, 1906.

Small examples, most likely this species, were reported from
the waters about Dennisville in Cape May, County. They are
taken at night or in the evening as they rarely take the hook
during the day. The usual bait is an ordinary earth worm. Two
kinds are said to occur which are styled yellow and. white respect-
ively, which however I have not determined.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 279
Schilbeodes gyrinus (Mitchill).

Stone Cat.

Color in life olivaceous-dusky, generally. Dorsal and caudal
dark. Belly, ventral, pectoral and lower surface of head tinted
saffron-whitish, and more or less whitish in middle of belly.
Barbels pale brownish. Iris slaty. Half-grown. Affluent of
Crosswicks Creek near Trenton. July 15th, 1906.

Mr. S. H. Hamilton and myself found them very abundant
April 8th, 1906, in a small choked up cut-off of Mantua Creek
above Mantua, associated with Anguilla chrisypa and Umbra
pygmea. ‘They swim about rather slowly when in the open

sae

Stone Cat. Schilbeodes gyrinus (Mitchill).

water, with rapid contractions of the body. Color in life olive-
brown generally, dorsal fin scarcely darker than general color of
trunk. Caudal a little more so, its margin rather diffuse pale
dusky. Lateral line in a dusky streak. Iris slaty. Pectoral and
ventral pale translucent brown, ventral still paler. Abdomen,
belly and under surface of head with slight gamboge tints, especi-
ally about branchial region, bases of pectorals and ventrals.
Barbels brownish, mentals but slightly paler than upper. Largest
334 inches. Other smaller examples varied somewhat in color,
some more or less ruddy-brown tinted, and others which are very
small were more or less entirely with blackish. In alcohol they
fade out considerably.

280 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family ESOCIDA.
Esox americanus (Gmelin).

PLATE 93.
Banded, Pickerel.

Examples of nearly ro inches in length seen in Mantua Creek
above Manuta, April 8th, 1906, by Mr. S. H. Hamilton and my-
self.

Esox reticulatus (Le Sueur).
Chain Pickerel.

Color in life brownish above tinted pale olivaceous and each
scale sparkling with coppery. Sides brilliant mossy-green with

Chain Pickerel. Esox reticulatus Le Sueur. (Young.)

coppery tints, also in some lights overshot with lilac-bluish and
purplish. Sides with dusky reticulations. A broad deep dusky
bar from below eye. Upper surface of head speckled brownish.
Muzzle brownish specked with a little deeper brownish above.
Iris glassy-coppery with vertical dusky streaks and greenish tints
in front and behind. Lower fins pale warm brownish with just
a dull tint of orange, paler basally. Edge of gill-opening dull
greenish-olive. Length 18 inches apparently. Cedar Swamp
Creek at. Petersburg, Cape May County. April 16th, 1906.
T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 281

Family UMBRIDZ.
Umbra pygmeza (De Kay).

Mud Minnow.

Found in choked up cut-offs of Mantua Creek above Mantua,
April 8th, by Mr. S. H. Hamilton and myself. Mostly small in
size. One several inches long was very pale olive-brown in color,
without trace of dusky markings on back.

Found abundant in the sphagnum of running water of the
cut-offs of forks of Cedar Swamp Creek. Some were very pale.
December 31st, 1905, and April 16th, 1906. G. Z. Hartman,
T. D. Keim, and H. W. Fowler.

Melanura linu Abbott, Pop. Sci. Month., VII, 1875, p. 108.

Family PQ@ECILIIDZ.

Fundulus majalis (Walbaum).

Rock Minnow.

Abundant about the warm shallows back of Sea Isle City, July
21st, 1906. They were found in rather compact schools of about

Rock Minnow. Fundulus majalis (Walbaum). (Male.)

50 to 200. Their colors harmonize well with the sandy-bottoms
so that they are usually not so easily detected unless moving
about. They all swim together though are easily hauled out in a

282 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

seine. Many were quite large and the striped females were
especially abundant. Mr. David McCadden and myself found
them rather abundant in the surf at Stone Harbor July 25th.
They were all more or less pale sandy-brown. Mr. McCadden
found it common at Ocean City during the past August.

Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Walbaum).

Mummichog.

Taken at Ocean City, August 19th, 1906, by Mr. D. McCad-
den. Occurs abundantly in ditches on the salt-marsh at Palermo.
In Cedar Swamp Creek Mr. T. D. Keim and myself found them
above the dam at Petersburg in tide-water, April 16th, 1906. All
were small. They also occur in fresh ponds and at the edge of
the salt-marsh associated with Fundulus diaphanus, to which
these remarks will also apply, though the latter is less abundant in
the salt water.

Examples taken in Cedar Swamp Creek tide-water at Peters-
burg, December 31st, 1905, by T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler,
were darker than F. diaphanus, and with slaty-bluish sides.
Peritoneum and lower surface of head silvery. Iris pearl-color.
Streaks on side pale dusky, after death darker. Examples about
2% inches. They vary in color in the same waters, as some are
much darker and others lighter.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox noted a large school on the meadows above
Sea Isle City, March 18th, 1906. H. W. Hand, T. D. Keim
and myself found them abundant in the tide-marshes near Den-
nisville in Cape May County during September of 1906. They
were mostly small females, but few pearly-spotted males without
yellow-edged dorsals, ete.

Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur).

Taken at Ocean City, by Mr. McCadden, August roth, 1906.

Found along the shallow shores of Mantua Creek about and
under debris and running in all little inlets, cut-offs, etc., with
the incoming tide. All small and apparently non-breeding at
Mantua, April 8th, 1906. S. H. Hamilton and H. W. Fowler.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 283

‘

Color in life pale. Peritoneum showing through silvery, also
lower surface of head and iris same tint. Muzzle pale translucent
brownish. A very ‘pale dusky streak from margin of anal
along lower surface of caudal peduncle to caudal. Streak on
sides pale. December 31st, 1906. Cedar Swamp Creek at Peters-
‘burg, Cape May County. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Lucania parva (Baird).
Rain Water Fish.

A single small example was seined by Mr. Fox and myself in
Ludlam’s Bay, back of Sea Isle City, July 21st, 1906. It was

Rain Water Fish. Lucania parva (Baird).

found in the grassy shallows with Fundulus majalis, F. hetero-
clitus macrolepidotus, F. diaphanus, Cyprinodon variegatus, Op-
sanus tau, Mugil curema and Menidia menidia notata.

Lucania parva Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November goth,
p. 5906.

Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépede.
Chub.
Mr. Fox found it at Sea Isle City. I found it quite abundant

about the inlet at Cape May during October of 1906. All of
the latter had pale yellowish-white abdomens, lower portions of

284° REPORTIOFR NEW. JERSEY STATE!) MUSEUM:

pectoral, all of ventrals and anal, which turn more or less bright
salmon-pink when fresh in alcohol, and back and upper surface
turn leaden.

Color in life olivaceous-dusky above, silvery-white on sides
and lower surface, and becoming ochraceous on abdomen. Ver-
tical bars on sides dusky-olive like back, with those intervening
narrow and paler. Dorsal translucent brownish with dusky spot
obscurely at first on first rays basally, and same of median rays.
Tips of posterior rays black. Caudal dilute olivaceous-brown
with transverse black bar at base. Pectoral, ventral and anal
dull chrome-orange, and ventral brightest. Side of head brown-
ish-silvery, also most of body. Iris silvery-brown. Adult. ‘Tide-
marsh near Dennisville in Cape May County. September, 1906.
H. W. Hand, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. Found associated
with Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus and F. diaphanus.

Family MASTACCEMBELID&.

Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum).
Gar. Sword Fish.

Small examples seen in a cut-off back of Sea Isle City, July
21st, 1906, by Mr. Fox and myself may have been this species.
Mr. Fox reported a large school “in parade’ found moving
across Corson’s Inlet late in the summer, with the largest indi-
viduals ranging up to about 10 inches which were most likely this
species. Mr. McCadden reports a “sword fish,” evidently this
species from Ocean City during the past August.

Tylosurus raphidoma (Ranzani).
Big Gar.

Head 234; depth, 1714; wom) 22, 11 jvAy a 205 aes ee
V.1, 5, 1; scales about 350 in a lateral count from opposite gill-
opening to base of caudal, and about 11 more out on latter; 275

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 28:

scales before dorsal; about 20 scales between origin of dorsal
and lateral line in a vertical series; 7 scales between origin of
ventral and lateral line in a vertical series; eye 244 in postocular
region; interorbital space 17%; ventral 11/,,; first branched dor-
sal ray 1%; first branched anal ray 1%; least depth of caudal
peduncle 4; lower caudal lobe equals eye and postocular region;
pectoral 1%. Body robust, its greatest width about 1% in its
greatest depth, sides but slightly compressed and back broadly
convex. Caudal peduncle slightly depressed, a little broader than
deep, and keel along middle of its side out on base of caudal
distinct. Head broad, side flattened and constriction below
rather broad. Jaws short, subtruncate at base and rapidly taper-
ing in a slender point depressed above and below. Eye longer
than deep, high, and pupil similar. Mouth not altogether clos-
ing at bases of jaws. Maxillary nearly reaches front of pupil
and nearly concealed. Teeth in jaws knife-shaped, lower fitting
outside upper jaw when mouth closes, uniserial along edges,

Gar. Tylosurus raphidoma (Ranzani). (Young.)

rather, long, more or less equal and rather broad bands of minute
ones externally along edges of jaws. ‘Tongue rather narrowly
elongate and free. Nasal cavity moderately large, vertical, and
impinging above so that internasal space is much less than inter-
orbital. Interorbital space flattened and with a slight depres-
sion in middle. Top of head slightly depressed after interor-
bital space. Posterior margin of preopercle but slightly inclined.
Gill-opening forward to front edge of eye. Gill-rakers none.
Filaments 114 in eye horizontally. Isthmus narrowly trenchant.
Scales very small, especially above, not arranged in definite
series, and cycloid, mostly fallen at present. Base of caudal
scaly. About 15 series of scales on cheek. All of opercle and
rest of head naked. Lateral line running low, very distinct, of
large truncate scales, and posteriorly on side of caudal peduncle

286 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

forming a lateral keel. Dorsal placed about last 7/, in space
between tip of snout and base of caudal, first branched ray high-
est and others soon after rapidly graduated down with last
shortest. Anal similar, and inserted a trifle before dorsal. Cau-
dal deeply lunate, lobes falcate, and lower much longer. Pec-
toral short, broad and 42% to ventral. Ventral a little behind
last third in space between. origin of pectoral and that of anal,
and reaching 21% to latter. Vent close before anal. Color in
alcohol not much faded more or less brownish from that noted
when fresh. Clear hyaline-greenish on back when fresh. Sides.
and lower surface silvery-white. Fins transparent hyaline-dusky,
ventrals and anal paler. Iris silvery. Length 34 inches. Sea
Isle City. August of 1906- Wm. J. Fox.

A number of examples were taken by the fishermen.

Tylosurus raphidoma Fowler, Science, XXIV, November goth,

1906, p. 590.
Family HEMIRAMPHID.

Genus HEMIRAMPHUsS Cuvier.

The Balaos.

Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnzus).
Balao.
Head, measured to end of beak, 234; depth 9%; D. u, 12;

A. 1, 7; scales 56 counted from gill-opening above to base of
caudal, and 5 more on latter; 6 scales in a vertical series between

Balao. Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linneus).

origin of dorsal and lateral line; 35 scales on back medianly be-
fore dorsal; snout 3% in head measured from tip of upper jaw;
eye 4; maxillary 334; interorbital space 4% ; second dorsal ray
2%; second anal ray 3%; least depth of caudal peduncle 34%;
pectoral 114; ventral 24%; lower caudal lobe a little more than

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 287

head, 21%4 to end of beak. Body compressed with sides flattened
vertically. Edges of body all rather broadly convex. Caudal
peduncle compressed, and its least depth about %% its length.
Head broad, similar to back above, and becoming constricted
below, though edge scarcely trenchant. Snout depressed, and its
width about 1% in its length. Eye large, high, a little longer
than deep, and pupil of similar shape to orbit. Beak long,
depressed, rest of head about 24 its length measured from snout.
Maxillary well inclined, reaching 35 of space to orbit, and its
distal expansion less than vertical diameter of pupil. Teeth
rather firm and conspicuous, perhaps a little larger in -upper
jaw. ‘Tongue rather broad, and little free in front. Nasal cav-
ity large, high, close in front of eye and about as long. Inter-
orbital space flattened. Gill-rakers about 12 + 25, slender,
and longest 34 of longest fllaments which are 24 of eye hori-
zontally. Scales cycloid, mostly all fallen in alcohol, rather nar-
rowly imbricated, and in even longitudinal rows. Lateral line of
simple tubes extending along lower side, and rather conspicu-
ous. Origin of dorsal a trifle after last fourth in space between
tip of snout and base of caudal, anterior rays highest. Anal
inserted a little after origin of dorsal, though nearer base of
ventral than that of caudal, and anterior rays elevated. Caudal
widely forked, lobes pointed, and upper about 1% in lower. Pec-
toral rather long, pointed, and reaching 2% in space to origin
of ventral. Ventral inserted much nearer base of caudal than
origin of pectoral, and reaching about 2% to anal. Vent close
in front of anal. Color little faded in alcohol from that as noted
when fresh in alcohol. Pale or dull hyaline-greenish on back,
edge of each pocket dusky. Sides leaden, with line of demar-
cation separating color of upper surface distinct, and fading
out into silvery-white below over all of lower surface. Sides
and lower surface of head silvery-white. Upper surface of head
dull brownish. Beak and upper jaw dusky. Fins all more or
less transparent hyaline, ventrals and anal whitish. Iris silvery.
Dorsal and caudal tinted olivaceous, dusky above. Membranes
of caudal dusky, and upper lobe tinted more or less dull orange-
brown. Posterior edge of caudal slightly dusky. A dull olivace-
ous blotch on middle of each ventral. Length 75¢ inches. Sea
Isle City. August 21st, 1906. Wm. J. Fox. Three examples.

288. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSE WM:
Hemiramphus brasilicnsis Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, No-
vember oth, p. 596.

Euleptorhamphus velox (Poey).
PLATE 94.

Ribbon Half Beak.

Family EXOCC@TIDE.
Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill).

Double Bearded Flying Fish.

SS

=

Double Bearded Flying Fish. Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill).

Family ATHERINIDE.
Kirtlandia vagrans laciniata (Jordan and Gilbert).
PLATE 95.

Rough Scaled Silversides.

Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall.

Silversides.

Silversides. Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall.

DAE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY, 289

Menidia menidia notata (Mitchill).

Silversides.

This is abundant at times on the sandy shoals at Sea Isle City.
Mr. Fox secured many examples. It is sometimes associated
with Fundulus mayjalis, F. heteroclitus macrolepidotus and Cy-
prinodon variegatus, on the meadows back of Grassy Sound,
where I have found it. Most of these examples however are
small. H. Walker Hand, T. D. Keim and myself seined it in
Lily Lake, which is fresh-water, at Cape May Point, May 7th,
1905. ‘This is however but a few rods from the salt-water, which
in stormy weather is said to wash in. Its association with such
fresh-water fishes as Eupomotis gibbosus, Fundulus diaphanus,
Ameturus, etc., which also occur there, is interesting.

Family MUGILIDE.

Mugil curema Valenciennes.

White Mullet.

Mr. Fox and myself found it abundant in schools in the waters
back of Sea Isle City associated more or less with other small
fishes. Their usual habit of schooling in the warm sandy shal-
lows and producing quite a commotion on the surface of the
water was noticed. They readily skip over the floats of a small
seine when hauled ashore. They reach about 6 inches in length
in this locality.

Family SPHYRZENIDE.

Sphyrzena barracuda (Walbaum).

Barracuda. Sphyrena barracuda (Walbaum). (Young.)
Ig MU

290 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family GASTEROSTEID~.

Pygosteus pungitius (Linnzus).

PLATE 96.

Ten Spined Stickleback.

Gasterosteus bispinosus Walbaum.

PLATE 97.

Two Spined Stickleback.

Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill).
Three Spined Stickleback.

An example about 134 inches long from Cedar Swamp Creek,
at Petersburg, Cape May County, shows scarlet ventrals. Lateral
streak irregularly dusky from tip of snout, separated from above
by pale line. Lower surface of head and abdomen with silvery.
Upper surface of head blotched irregularly, ground-color oliva-
ceous-brown. Iris brownish. ‘I’. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.
A single example was taken at Sea Isle City by Mr. Wm. J. Fox

on June 17th, 1906. I have taken it at Cape May Point.

Family FISTULARIIDZ.

Fistularia tabacaria Linnzus.

PLATE 98.

Trumpet Fish.

Family SYNGNATHID&.

Syngnathus fuscus Storer.

Pipe Fish.

Pipe Fish. Syngnathus fuscus Storer.

Pie FISHES OR NEW JERSEY. 291

Hippocampus hudsonius DeKay.

Sea Horse.

- About Cape May it is said to be common in Delaware Bay,
and is caught in the oyster-beds according to Mr. H. W. Hand.

Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot.
PLATE 99.

White Spotted Horse Fish.

Family SCOMBRID.

Scomber scombrus Linnzus.

Mackerel.

Two examples, from off Long Branch during the early part
of 1903 according to Mr. S. R. Morse, were-19 to 20 inches in
length respectively. They showed: Head 4% and 4%; depth 5;
Den Ei eS land X11 9,.5; A. 11, Sse and mois snout
24% and 3 in head measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 6 and 8;
interorbital space 3 and 4. These are in the State Museum at
Trenton.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports that a number were taken (evidently
this species) April 29th, 1906, at Sea Isle City.

Scomber colias Gmelin.

Mackerel.

Two examples received from Sea Isle City, sent by Mr. Fox,
show spots on the side below dark color in 1 example pale, and
on another more numerous and with a mottled appearance. The
latter has the back also more vermiculated. Several others were
also received.

292 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Genus ALBACcoRA Jordan.

The Great Tunnies.

Albacora thynnus (Linnezus).

Horse Mackerel.

Flead 312 ; depth 344; D: XV—11\ 12, 8; A. 11, Il, 7; depthya:
head 1% in its length; width of head 134; mandible 2% ; first
dorsal spine 15%; first branched dorsal ray 34%; first branched
anal ray 314; upper caudal lobe 134; pectoral 124; ventral 2 7/,;
greatest width of caudal peduncle 5%2; snout 3% in head
measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 644; maxillary 234; inter-
orbital space 3. Body fusiform, robust, especially anteriorly.
Caudal peduncle greatly depressed, slender, and with a broad
keel on each side. A small keel above and below this at base of
each caudal lobe. Head large, broadly convex above, and more
or less conic. Snout a little broader than long. Eye with slight
adipose eyelid so that its exposure is deeper than long, and near
first third of head. Mouth curved, mandible projecting a little,
and maxillary reaching first 34 of eye, its distal expansion about
equal to diameter of large pupil. A series of small conic teeth
in jaws, best developed along sides of mandible. Teeth on
vomer and palatines very minute, scarcely evident. Tongue with
a keel on each side, rounded and free in front. Anterior nostril
near last third in length of snout. Posterior nostril a vertical
slit near front of eye, and about equal to vertical diameter of
pupil. Interorbital space evenly convex. Gill-rakers 10+27,
compressed, longest about half of filaments, which are equal to
snout. Pseudobranchize about equal to horizontal eye. Scales
on pectoral region forming a corselet, a little large just above
basal region of pectoral, and very narrowly imbricated. Corse-
let extending a little beyond tip of pectoral. Very minute scales
in lateral line to caudal peduncle keel, and others out on base
of caudal. Origin of spinous dorsal midway between that of
rayed dorsal and tip of mandible, graduated down from first or

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 293

longest spine, and penultimate 5 spines short and more or less
subequal. Rayed dorsal small, nearer origin of spinous fin than
base of caudal, and its upper edge emarginate. Anal similar,
and inserted just behind base of rayed dorsal. Finlets similar
above and below, and decreasing in size posteriorly. Caudal
deeply lunate, lobes pointed, and its width at tips of lobes a little
less than length of head. Origin of pectoral level with upper
edge of eye, opposite that of spinous dorsal, and its tip extending
nearly opposite base of twelfth dorsal spine.’ Ventral inserted
opposite origin of pectoral and reaching 4 of space to anal.
Color in alcohol greenish-dusky or blackish on back, in some
lights posteriorly with slaty reflections. Behind corselet towards
caudal, on back, a number of conspicuous dusky or blackish
vermiculations. Sides and lower surface with grayish-white
shades, overshot with bright mercury-like reflections. Just below
and parallel with lateral line anteriorly at end of corselet, 3 dusky
lines soon fading out behind. Base of and prepectoral region
leaden-gray. Several scattered leaden spots on side below pectoral
and corselet. Lower side of head leaden-gray with silvery re-
flections. Dorsals and caudal brownish, latter with dusky and
leaden tints. Finlets more or less slaty. Anal whitish, lobe
distally with slaty-gray. Pectoral leaden-gray. Ventral whitish.
Iris gray-white. Length 27 inches. Sea Isle City, August 23d,
1906. Wim. J. Fox. This was taken with 3 others, and the next
day 2 more were secured. It is not valued as food by the fisher-
men.

Albacora Jordan must replace Thunnus of South, as it is pre-
occupied by Thynnus Fabricius in butterflies, the latter being
apparently merely a variant spelling of the former. The horse
mackerels should, therefore, be referred to the genus Albacora of
Jordan.

Albacora thynnus Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November

oth, p. 596.

294 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Sarda sarda (Bloch).

Bonito.

Color when fresh beautiful violet on back, more or less in-
clined to blackish and with tints of greenish-blue. On side color
changes to a drab-gray. Head slightly pale with leaden tint.
Sides of body also with many metallic greenish, bluish and
purplish tints in certain lights. A pale area in adipose eyelid
behind eye and extending back towards base of pectoral. Oblique
narrow blackish lines, more or less longitudinal, sloping up back,
and deepest in color above. They are also more or less regular
and of even width. Fins all with more or less dusky, front mar-
gin of anal and most of inner ventral surface whitish. A narrow
silvery ring around pupil, eye otherwise slaty-black. Length 23
inches. One example from Sea Isle City, taken July 4th, 1906.
W. J. Fox.

It is a beautiful fish when swimming in the water, the bright
bluish of the back being very conspicuous.

Family ISTIOPHORIDE.

The Sail Fishes.

Body elongate, much compressed. Caudal peduncle with 2
fleshy crests or keels. Bones of upper jaw consolidated into a
sword, which is roundish on edges and spear-like, shorter than
Xiphiide. ‘Teeth in jaws small, persistent and granular. Gills
reticulated as in Xiphiide. Vertebre 12+ 12—24, elongate and
hour-glass shaped. Neural and hemal spines flag-like. Ribs well
developed. Air-vessel very large, sacculate, of numerous separate
divisions. Intestine short, straight. Body covered with elongate
scutes. Dorsal single, or divided into 2 contiguous portions,
first much longer than second, fin-rays distinct, and first rays
distinctly spinous. Anal divided. Last rays of dorsal and anal
suctorial. Ventrals attached to pelvic arch, each with I or 2 rays.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 295

Oceanic or pelagic fishes resembling the sword fishes, but
smaller in size. Several fossil forms have been recorded. One
genus on our shores. |

Genus IstropHorus Lacépede.

The Sail Fishes.
Istiophorus nigricans (Lacépéde).

Sail Fish.

Head, measured to tip of beak, 175; depth 934; D. XLH, 11,
Gon A> X1V,8, £; P. 1, 16; V..1, 1, 13 scales about 213 in lateral

Sail Fish. Jstiophorus nigricans (Lacépede).

line and about 13 more counted to base of caudal; about 18?
scales in a vertical series between origin of second dorsal and
lateral line; about 24 scales in a vertical series between origin of
anal and lateral line; depth of head at occiput 4% ; width of head
9%; postocular part of head 5 in rest of its length; mandible 1*/,
in head measured from its own tip; twenty-first dorsal spine 1%
in head measured from tip of beak; lower caudal lobe, measured
from its origin, 24/,; ventral 134; eye 3% in postocular region;
interorbital space 234; first dorsal ray 3'/,9; sixth anal spine
134; first anal ray 344; least depth of caudal peduncle 3%;
pectoral 114. Body long, slender, strongly compressed, and with

296 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

similar profiles tapering back from occiput, which is point of
greatest depth, to caudal peduncle. Lower half of body more or
less constricted its entire length, though edges not trenchant.
Predorsal region with edge rather narrowly convex, though with-
out median keel. Upper and lower surface of caudal peduncle
becoming rather flattened, and with a depression at origin of each
caudal lobe. Least depth of caudal peduncle about a third of its
length. Head attenuated to a long slender beak, or tip of snout,
which is equal to rest of its length if measured from tip of closed
mandible. Head strongly compressed, slightly convergent below,
and broadly convex above. Beak very slender, ending in a sharp
point, quadrangular at base, and rather depressed or flattened
slightly for greater part distally. Along each superior edge a
narrow cutaneous margin extending from above outer portion of
mandible to near tip of beak. A slight narrow series of asperities
along each edge of beak below continued back within mouth, and
about midway in their course rather obsolete. In this portion of
upper jaw they are narrow, though all triangular space anterior
to inner buccal membrane minutely asperous, asperites arranged
in small closely situated patches. Edges of mandible with
asperites in rather broad bands anteriorly and at symphysis,
though becoming more or less uniform narrow posteriorly. An-
terior interspace obsoletely similar to that of upper jaw. Eye
rather deeply ellipsoid, falling a little nearer edge of opercle
posteriorly than end of mandible, and placed a little high in head.
Maxillary small, with preorbital only covering over anterior por-
tion, well exposed, and reaching opposite posterior margin of eye.
Mandible elongately subconic, becoming slightly quadrangular
just after tip. Tongue thick and not free. Nostrils close together
or adjoining, on side of snout above, and anterior to eye for a
space about 2% in horizontal diameter of latter. Interorbital
space broadly and slightly convex. Gill-openings vertical, extend-
ing but slightly forward as a shallow median branchiostegal notch.
No rakers. Gill-filaments very numerous, large, and longest a
trifle more than eye horizontally. Branchiostegals 7. Scales
thin, along dorsal edge elongate, lanceolate, and slender, all more
or less falling. On body generally most have fallen except those

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 207

in lateral line, where they appear as rounded and cycloid, and
arranged in rather regular longitudinal series. At each caudal
lobe basally a lateral keel. A series of about a dozen scales on
cheek. Lateral line extending till opposite origins of caudal lobes,
and with a highly convex arch in front, which curves down
opposite tip of pectoral. Scales of lateral line rather small and
pointed, each with a single simple pore. Spinous dorsal very
large, of long flexible simple radii or spines, only tips of which
are slightly free, and fin joined to second dorsal by basal mem-
brane. Antero-medianly fin highest, and radii more or less regu-
larly graduated down from highest point. Origin of fin begins
far anteriorly or but a trifle behind middle of postocular region.
Second dorsal far posterior, very small, though firm, and falling
near last fifth in space between base of caudal and origin of pec-
toral. First anal with fifth ray longest, others graduated down,
and origin of fin falling a little nearer base of caudal than origin
of ventral. Second anal low, of more or less uniform height,
firm, tough, last ray longer than others and inserted about opposite
origin of second dorsal. Caudal widely forked, lobes very
slender, falcate and about equal. Pectoral short, broad and
rounded, with upper rays longest. Ventral very long, second ray
exceedingly enlarged and compressed, though falling a little short
of first anal. In alcohol color has not faded from that noted
below. Color when fresh in formalin, body slaty-plumbeous, in-
clining- to whitish on under or lower surface. Back above
blackish. Scales on body all with more or less silver-leaden
reflections. Lateral line distinctly silvery-leaden. Beak dusky
above, otherwise dark brownish. Head above with dusky. Sides
above with slaty-plumbeous tints. Sides of head leaden-
plumbeous, and lower surface and mandible below becoming
opaque silver-white. Edge of lower jaw dusky. Iris silvery.
Inside of mouth pale or whitish, anterior inner surfaces of jaws
dull dusky. Dorsals blackish, also ventrals. Anal whitish.
Caudal with grayish ground-color variegated with dusky, pale
slaty on scaly base. Spinous anal grayish-white, anterior
elongated portion dusky. Inside of gill-opening pale. Length
24 inches. Sea Isle City. August 24th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

298 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

This interesting fish is only known from our limits by the
record of the above example. It is a pelagic form of the warmer
Atlantic waters and is evidently but a straggler to our shores.
Said to reach a length of 6 feet.

Istiophorus nigricans Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November
gth, p. 596.

Family CARANGIDA.

Seriola zonata (Mitchill).

Harde Pail:

Seriola lalandi Valenciennes.

Hard) aal:

Flead 34 ; depth 31/,; D. 1, VI-l, 34, 1;.A. I-1, 22,1; scales
about 175 in lateral line to base of caudal and about a dozen
somewhat enlarged on latter; about 24 scales between origin of
spinous dorsal and lateral line in a vertical series; about 34 scales
ina vertical series between origin of spinous anal and lateral line;
mandible 2 in head; third dorsal spine 4%; first branched dorsal
ray 27/;; first branched anal ray 27%; least depth of caudal
peduncle 6; lower caudal lobe 114; pectoral 21/,; ventral 174;
snout 3 in head measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 5; max-
illary 27/,; interorbital space 31/,. Body elongate, fusiform,
well compressed, and profile similar. Head compressed and
upper profile a little more convex than lower, Snout convex over
surface, and broad as long. Eye rounded, a little anterior, high,
_ and adipose eyelid rather thick, though not encroaching much on
iris. Mouth horizontally inclined, mandible protruding a little,
and lips fleshy. Maxillary reaches first ?/; in length of iris, and
with its distal expansion nearly equal to orbit. Width of sup-
plemental maxillary about 24 of pupil, which is elongated simi-
larly to orbit. Broad bands of villiform teeth in jaws, on vomer, -
palatines and tongue. ‘Tongue rather long, rounded in front,
and free. Nostrils together, of similar size, near last third in

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. —_209

length of snout on its side, and in a slight depression. Inter-
orbital space convexly elevated. Gill-rakers 111, 3 + 12, 1, lance-
olate, and longest a little longer than longest filaments, or 1%
in eye horizontally. Small scales on body and side of head, |
about 14 series on cheek. Low basal scaly sheaths to rayed
dorsal and anal in front. Lateral line a little convex at first
or for about first 4/, its length, and forming a low obsolete keel
along side of caudal peduncle. Spinous dorsal low, graduated
down from second or longest spine, and its insertion falling about
first fourth in length of pectoral. Rayed dorsal inserted a little
nearer tip of mandible than base of caudal, and. anteriorly with
rays longest, though not forming a lobe. Rayed anal similar, and
inserted midway between origin of pectoral and base of caudal.
Anal spine small and inconspicuous. Caudal forked, and equal
lobes pointed. Pectoral short, broad, and about °/, length of
depressed ventral. Ventral about half way to origin of rayed
anal, with a deep basal groove joining its fellow posteriorly, and
extending back so that both fins are depressible within. Vent in
last third between tip of depressed ventral and origin of spinous
anal. Color in alcohol faded dull drab-brown above, and brown-
ish-white below. Fins all more or less dark brownish, and ventral
paler or whitish. Margin of rayed dorsal, upper caudal lobe,
and posterior margin of lower caudal lobe, dusky. Anal with a
broad dusky longitudinal band from middle of front rays back.
Only narrow pale edge is exposed on shorter rays and edge
broady pale on anterior. Ends of ventral rays becoming dusky.
Length 11 inches. Sea Isle City. July 5th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Color of the above when fresh olivaceous-gray above inclining
paler on sides and becoming whitish below. Sides more or less
overshot with brassy-golden tints, same also on side of head.
Dorsals and caudal grayish, edges narrowly dusky. Anal whitish
with a median longitudinal grayish band. Pectoral pale gray-
brown. Ventral rays, and especially most of inside of fin, chalky-
white, subaxillary region pinkish-orange tinted, and outer por-
tion dusky. Iris brownish with narrow pale or whitish ring
around pupil.

Another taken on the 15th of the same month was colored as
follows when fresh. Back more or less purplish-brown above

300 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

till level with eye, line of demarcation bounded by a deep amber
longitudinal band. extending from eye to caudal peduncle, most
distinct on upper costal region. Sides below and lower surface
_ amber or citron-yellowish. Cheek and thorax more or less
brassy, also opercle. Upper surface of head warm brownish,
snout and lore included. Lips pale brownish. Maxillary pos-
teriorly, and mandible below, yellowish. Iris warm orange-
brown, narrow ring of orange encircling pupil. Membranes of
spinous dorsal warm dusky, spines more pale olive-yellowish
with dusky front margins. Rayed dorsal olivaceous-brown of
more or less warm shade, submarginally warm terracotta-brown
and edge of fin dusky. Caudal pale warm brownish basally,
outer ends of each lobe grayish with submarginal band of red on
median rays of fin and fading into dilute olivaceous-yellow above
and below. Posterior margin of caudal dusky. Pectoral pink-
ish, becoming dusky along upper margin. Ventral with bases of
rays and axillary region milky-white, otherwise with more or
less orange-dusky, especially distally, and each ray and spine
yellowish. Anal yellowish-brown, base of fin pale brown with
submarginal orange tint and edge of fin pale or whitish. Lower
surface of caudal peduncle whitish. About 5 broad indistinct
transverse bands of amber-yellow on side of body, first at base of
pectoral, second at tip of pectoral, third midway between tip of
pectoral and front of anal, fourth over middle of base of anal,
fifth at posterior base of, and possibly a sixth, at base of caudal.
Peritoneum silvery. Inside of gill-opening whitish. Length
10% inches.

I examined a portion of a large example taken August 10,
1906, in the Sea Isle City pounds. It was said to have weighed
80 pounds.

Seriola lalandi Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November goth,

p. 596.
Genus ‘TRACHUROPS Gill.

The Big Eyed Scads.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 301

Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch).

PLATE 100.

Goggle Eye Scad. Goggle Eye.

Distinguished from all our other members of the family by a
deep cross-furrow at junction of shoulder-girdle with isthmus, -
within gill-opening.

This is only known within our limits from Dr. Gill’s record
of an example taken among a school of blue fish at Beesley’s
Point many years ago. This record I overlooked in the “Fishes
of New Jersey.”

Trachurops crumenophthalmus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1862, p. 432.

Genus BLEPHARIS Cuvier.

The Thread Mackerels.

Blepharis crinitus (Mitchill).

PLATE IOI.

Thread Mackerel. ‘Thread Fish.

Itesduce= depth i775 On VII—I-1, 19s) AS Mer 16,.P) i:
18; V.1, 5; about a dozen scutes developed along side of caudal
peduncle; mandible 21% in head; width of head 2%; pectoral
11/1); lower caudal lobe 1%; snout 3% in head, measured from
tip of upper jaw; eye 3'/,); maxillary 2%; interorbital space
3; least depth of caudal peduncle 6; ventral 2% in head and
trunk. Body strongly compressed, somewhat trapezoidal, nearly
equally elevated above and below to origin of rayed dorsal and
anal, at which point greatest depth of body fails. At former
point back forms a nearly right-angled triangle, and below ab-
domen forms a slightly obtuse angle at origin of anal. An-
teriorly profiles slightly convex to their summits, and posteriorly

- 302 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

upper a trifle convex in its inclination while lower is almost
straight to caudal peduncle. Edges of body slightly trenchant.
Caudal peduncle compressed, slender, and its least depth about
half its length. Head moderate, well compressed, deep, and
upper profile evenly convex from tip of snout to occiput, after
which it is straight to origin of rayed dorsal. Lower profile of
head slightly concave to ventral process close in front of base
of ventral. Snout short, long as broad and with convex sur-
face. Eye large, a trifle longer than deep, nearly midway in
depth of head, and a little anterior. Pupil a little longer than
deep. Mouth well inclined, moderate, curved a little in gape,
and mandible protruding a little. Maxillary narrow, well in-
clined, and reaching front margin of iris, distal expansion about
24 of horizontal diameter of pupil. Lips rather thin. Teeth
moderately small, conic and in rather narrow bands in jaws.
Small teeth in bands on vomer and palatines. Tongue rather
thick, flattened above, slightly minutely asperous in middle, and
free in front. Nostrils near together, close in front of eye on
side of snout, anterior simple, and posterior a deep slit vertically.
Interorbital space broadly convex, becoming trenchant gradually.
behind. Preorbital 1% in eye horizontally. Gill-opening extend-
ing forward to front margin of eye. Gill-rakers 5 + 15, lanceo-
late, and half of eye horizontally. Filaments about */, of latter.
Isthmus narrow and slightly rounded. Body apparently naked,
or with traces of minute imbedded scales on posterior portion of
trunk, about caudal peduncle and base of caudal. Lateral
line conspicuous, complete, strongly convex for first half of its
course, and posterior or straight portion with obsolete or in-
distinct scutes or bony scales forming a narrow keel along
side of caudal peduncle. Spinous dorsal low, its origin fall-
ing about posterior margin of gill-opening in vertical, spines
slender, short and second longest, others graduated more or
less down. Rayed dorsal with its origin falling well before
that of rayed anal or about opposite that of spinous anal,
and with first 7 rays elongated into slender thread-like filaments,
of which first, which is longest, is as long again as entire length
of fish. Other filaments graduated down to last which is shortest,
though second but little shorter than first. Posterior non-fila-

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 303

mentous dorsal rays subequal and short. Spinous anal of 2
small short weak spines with first about last fourth in postdorsal
region, and second a trifle longer. Rayed anal similar to soft
dorsal only filaments 3, shorter, and first branched ray about
equal to space between tip of mandible and tips of median or
shortest caudal rays. Caudal well forked, lobes slender, pointed
and equal. Pectoral a little large, upper rays longest, and reach-
ing °/,; of space to base of caudal. Ventral long, inserted a little
before origin of pectoral, reaching 3% to base of caudal, and second
branched ray longest. Vent first % in postventral region. Color
in alcohol scarcely different from example noted below with same
data, when fresh. Broad dark transverse bands distinct. Length
43% inches. Sea Isle City. August 24th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Color when fresh. Back more or less plumbeous, deepening
a little above at predorsal ridge. Head and trunk everywhere
bright metallic mercury or silvery-white, with bright reflections
of steel-bluish, bluish-green and lavender. On back above traces
of about 6 pale though fairly well-defined dull brownish vertical
or transverse bands, each a little broader than interspace, a little
darker above and fading out below. First indistinct, extends
from occiput down to opercle above. Second, very indistinct,
begins just before origin of rayed dorsal at apex of dorsal profile.
Third begins below anterior dorsal rays, fourth from median
rays, fifth from posterior rays, and all these bands most pro-
nounced. Sixth pale, placed at last rays, and on front of caudal
peduncle. Vertical fins pale brownish generally, elongated dorsal
and anal becoming black, which color extends well toward bases
of first three rays. Pectoral transparent or dilute brownish.
Ventral jet-black. Opercle with a tinge of dusky. Iris silvery-
white. Jaws translucent whitish, with a few fine dusky specks.
Length 3 inches. August 6th, 1906.

It did not seem to be known to the fishermen. The generic
name Blepharis Cuvier must replace Alectis of Rafinesque, which
I had adopted previously, as the latter is a substitute for Gallus
of Lacépéde, which is preoccupied in birds. Lacépéde’s Gallus,
however, is congeneric with Selene Lacépéde, as its type by
tautonomy is Zeus gallus Linnzus. Cuvier’s name is not pre-
occupied in zoology, though in botany it had previously been used,

-304 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and therefore is perfectly valid. It is, however, based on the
East Indian Zeus ciliaris of Bloch, a species which I have not
seen. My error in its rejection was due to the statements of
authors that it was preoccupied.

Blepharichthys crinitus Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, Novem-
ber oth, p. 596.

Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill).

Moon Fish.

Head 3; depth 134; DD, Vill-loer, 1; Al diet 18. 1 -eseales
about 184 according to tubes, counted in lateral line to base of
caudal; width of head 3 in its length, measured from space be-
tween tip of mandible and upper posterior margin of gill-open-
ing; mandible 23/,; first dorsal ray 3; first anal ray 5; caudal
14%; pectoral 1'/,;; snout 2% in head, measured between tip
of upper jaw and posterior margin of gill-opening above; eye
4%; maxillary 224; interorbital space 424; least depth of
caudal peduncle 7. Body greatly compressed, deep, of oblong
appearance, and with greatest depth at spinous dorsal. Upper
profile abrupt in front and elevated till over eye, after which
slightly inclined convexly to. origin of rayed dorsal, and from
there rather convex down to slender caudal peduncle. Lower
profile rather evenly convex from tip of mandible back to origin
of rayed anal and then very slightly convex up to caudal peduncle.
Edges of body trenchant. Caudal peduncle small, compressed,
and its least depth about half its length. Head deep, compressed,
and anterior profile slightly concave in front of eye. Snout
narrowly compressed and its width a trifle less than half its
length. Eye circular, a trifle posterior, and about midway in
depth of head. Mouth obliquely inclined, rather small, and com-
pressed, mandible protruding. Maxillary not quite reaching op-
posite front margin of eye, and its distal expansion 11% in latter.
Teeth minute, and in narrow bands in jaws. No vomerine or
palatine teeth. Tongue narrow, slender, tip a little obtuse and
free. Nostrils as 2 short vertical slits close together, and upper
a little higher or about opposite upper part of iris. Interorbital

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 305

space convexly trenchant. Preorbital broad, thin, edge largely
overlapping maxillary above. Margin of preopercle forming a
very obtuse angle. Gill-rakers 6 + 26, 1, lanceolate, a trifle longer
than filaments or about % of eye. Scales minute, more or less
evident on posterior portion of body, and imbedded. Curved
part of lateral line a trifle less than straight part, scales in its
course rather large, and forming slight keel along side of caudal
peduncle. Second erect dorsal spine longest, short, and others
all very short. Rayed dorsal inserted midway between tip of
snout and base of caudal, and rays graduated down from first
branched. Rayed anal similar, and inserted about opposite ori-
gin of former. Caudal widely forked, lobes pointed. Pectoral
long, falcate, and reaching half way to base of caudal. Ventral
small, and inserted opposite origin of pectoral. Color in alcohol
more or less pale brownish-white with brassy-silvery reflections,
and back dull purplish-brown. Fins pale brownish, upper part
of rayed dorsal lobe dusky, also outer portions of caudal lobes.
Iris brassy. Length 7 inches. Sea Isle City. July, 1906. Wm.
erox.

Color when fresh of another example beautiful silvery-white
with brilliant though faint tints of purplish, azure, lavender and
golden reflected everywhere on trunk and head. Interorbital
space whitish. Front or median edge of jaws dusky, and head
otherwise all more or less silvery-whitish. Iris bright silvery-
white. Inside of gill-opening whitish. Small dorsal spines
grayish-dusky. Rayed dorsal dilute olivaceous-brown, margin,
especially of lobe, rather broadly dull dusky. Upper surface of
caudal peduncle dull olivaceous. Caudal dilute greenish-yellow,
posterior margin inclining to dusky, and lower edge of lower
lobe paler than that of upper. Anal grayish-white, transparent.
Pectoral and ventral dilute transparent whitish. Length 61%4
inches. .

This was first observed by Mr. Fox during the summer of
1905, though no examples were then secured. During the sum-
mer of the past year he found quite a number.

Vomer setapinms Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November
oth, p. 596.

20 MU

306 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Selene vomer (Linnzus).

Moon Fish.

Color when fresh bright silvery with beautiful iridescent bluish
and purplish reflections. About 7 vertical brownish bands, first
from occiput down to upper edge of eye and continued below
toward end of maxillary, second from base of long filamentous
dorsal spines down toward opercle, third between second and
fourth which latter begins at elongated dorsal spines and extends
to anal spines, fifth at beginning of straight part of lateral line,
sixth at tip of pectoral, and seventh at last dorsal ray. ‘There
is probably another at base of caudal. Spinous dorsal filaments
and entire ventral jet-black. Rayed dorsal and anal with long
lobes slightly olivaceous medianly and their edges anteriorly
and above largely dusky, rest of fin transparent whitish. Caudal
largely pale and transparent grayish, upper edge slightly darker,
and middle of each lobe basally somewhat light olive-green.
Pectoral transparent whitish. Iris silvery. Length 3% inches.
Palermo, Cape May County. October roth, 1906. G. Z. Hart-
man.

Trachinotus falcatus (Linnzus).

Round Pampano.

Round Pampano. Trachinotus falcatus (Linneus). (Young.)

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 307

Trachinotus carolinus (Linnzus).
Pampano.

Mr. Fox obtained it at Sea Isle City. Mr. McCadden and my-
self found it abundant in the surf at Stone Harbor, July 25th,
1906. ‘They were of the usual bright silvery coloration, with
yellowish on the fins.

Family POMATOMID.

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnzus).
Blue Fish.

Said to enter the Tuckahoe as far as tide-water.

Family RACHYCENTRIDE.

Rachycentron canadus (Linnzus).

Crab Eater.

Crab Eater. Rachycentron canadus (Linneus). (Young.)

Family STROMATEIDE.

Poronotus triacanthus (Peck).

Butter Fish.

Color when fresh bright shining plumbeous-silvery generally,
with a sort of dusted or shaded gray tint on back, and becoming
somewhat brownish on head above. Body most everywhere with
more or less pale gray dustings. Body also with beautiful green-

308 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

ish and lavender metallic reflections. Dorsal and caudal pale
brownish-gray, latter more gray. Anal silvery along base, and
becoming pale brownish-gray marginally. Pectoral dull gray,
margin above at base slightly dusky. Iris silvery. Lips pale
brownish. Inside of gill-opening dusted dusky above, otherwise
whitish. Length 12 inches. Sea Isle City. June 17th, 1906.
Wm. J. Fox.

After death the colors fade to more or less brassy on the sides,
back becoming more plumbeous or leaden-gray and the belly °
whitish. This example is the largest I ever saw, and was noted
by the fishermen as apparently unusual.

I follow Dr. Jordan in referring the Centrolophide and No-
meide to the present family.

Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitchill).

Black Rudder Fish,

Head 314; depth 2%: D: VIL, 1, 20, 1;;As ILI, 2.16 sseales
about go in lateral line to base of caudal and about 10 more large
ones on latter; 14 scales in a vertical series between origin of
spinous dorsal and lateral line; 26 scales in a vertical series
between origin of spinous anal and lateral line; snout 3% in head
measured from its own tip; eye 5%; mandible 2%; maxillary
2°/,9; interorbital space 234; second branched dorsal ray 134;
second branched anal ray about 2; caudal 144; least depth of
caudal peduncle 3; pectoral 3; ventral 134. Body compressed,
and becoming somewhat trenchant towards edges. Head deep,
compressed, and obtuse or bluntly convex in front. Snout short,
its length about 114 in its width, obliquely vertical in front, and
forming a broad obtuse angle or protrusion about midway in its
length above to interorbital space. Eye about midway in depth
of head, near first third of its length. Adipose eyelid rather
narrow. Mouth well inclined, and jaws even. Maxillary ex-
posed, narrow, and reaching a trifle beyond front edge of eye,
its distal expansion about 2% in orbit. A single series of small
uniform teeth in each jaw. No teeth on vomer and palatines.
Tongue smooth, rather large, rounded and free. Nostrils mid-

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 309

way on side of snout, near together, and posterior a short ver-
tical slit. Interorbital space elevated convexly. Margin of pre-
opercle rather weakly spinescent, and expanding at lower corner.
Gill-opening forward midway in loreal region. Gill-rakers 5-17,
slender, lanceolate, and longest 1% in eye. Gill-filaments almost
equal eye. Isthmus bevelled in front. Scales cycloid, in some-
what undulated longitudinal series, and becoming small and
crowded on edges of body. Pectoral naked, and other fins all
more or less entirely covered with minute crowded scales. Head
naked, and more or less entirely covered with mucous pores,
whole appearance finely corrugated or rugose, though smooth to
touch. Spinous dorsal inserted midway between middle of eye
and tip of last spine, all spines small, weak and graduated down
from about fourth, which is longest. Rayed dorsal inserted
nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, and graduated down from
front of fin, which is highest at first branched rays. Spinous
anal inserted about midway between posterior margin of eye
and base of caudal, and spines graduated to third which is longest.
Rayed anal similar to rayed dorsal. Caudal broad, and deeply
emarginate. Pectoral broad, and upper rays longest, reaching
44 to vent. Ventral inserted below bases of lowermost pectoral
rays, and reaching 44 to vent. Ventral spine about */, length
of fin. Color in alcohol blackish-brown, scales with dusky
reticulated appearance, and all of fins blackish. Iris slaty.
Length 1134 inches. Sea Isle City. July 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Color of above when fresh, livid blackish-slaty with somewhat
slaty-olivaceous tinge. Back, upper surface of head and caudal
peduncle, everywhere finely speckled with blackish or dusky,
these specks rather fine and indistinct. Lower side of body and
abdomen dull soiled dusky-gray with very dilute blue-green tinge.
Head all more or less dusky, especially lips and jaws. Fins all
blackish, perhaps color most intense distally, and membranes
with livid slaty tinge. Radii of ventral, and spine, slightly
creamy. Iris bright colored, a broad circle of bright orange
around pupil in life, and an outer circle to this silvery. Inside
of gill-opening with dusky.

310 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Three others were taken by Mr. Fox at the same locality during
the past summer. During the summer of 1900 Mr. David Mc-
Cadden reported about 6 examples taken from a floating soap-
box at Stone Harbor. ‘The box had evidently floated some time
and was partly filled with water, the fish probably having gained
entrance through one of the spaces made by the removal of a part
of the lid. Mr. McCadden further informs me that this fish has
been reported from about wrecks, floating logs, boxes, etc., at
the same place.

Palinurichthys perciformis Fowler, Science, XXV, 1906, No-
vember 9th, p. 596.

Family APHREDODERIDZA.

Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams).

Pirate Perches

Color when fresh deep rich dusky-brown, center of each scale
more brownish than margin. Side scarcely paler than back.
Head colored on upper surface like back, and also well down
on its sides. Lower surface of head, belly and abdomen more
or less buff-white. Lower side of head and abdomen with dusky-
brown specks extending below into pale color of these parts,
especially latter, which is nearly completely specked. Lips brown-
ish. Iris pale brownish. Dorsal neutral dusky-black, becoming
pale or grayish, with a narrow pale sub-basal longitudinal band,
and base itself narrowly black. Caudal blackish, its upper and. pos-
terior margins narrowly whitish, fin becoming paler neutral tint
basally. Anal with narrow dusky base, then a duffuse pale
yellowish-buff tint becoming merged into blackish distal portion
of fin, transition marked by neutral shades. Pectoral dull olive
or yellow-buff, distally blackish or dusky, and basally with a
brownish blotch. Ventral buffy-yellow, becoming somewhat
neutral distally, and sprinkled with a few brownish or pale dusky
specks. Length 43 inches. In a cut-off of Mantua Creek, above
Mantua. April 8th, 1906. §S. H. Hamilton and H. W. Fowler.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 311

Family MICROPTERID/A.
Acantharchus pomotis (Baird).

Mud Sun Fish.

Color in life deep olive generally, sides brassy-golden shaded
with paler areas, especially on cheek and opercle. Lines on trunk
and sides of head deeper olive than ground-color. Opercular
spot black. Lower surface of head paler than upper surface.
Dorsals, anal and caudal dusky-olive, and base of caudal more
dusky than broad pale submargin, edge but slightly dusky. Dor-
sals also olivaceous, and. rayed fin with a longitudinal dusky bar.
Rayed anal similar, only dark bar begins on spinous fin. Pectoral
transparent or dilute saffron-olive. Ventral transparent, front
edge white, and first ray dusky-olive. Iris with olivaceous-brown
encircling pupil, around which is a paler and lighter ring. Length
5 inches. Affluent of Crosswicks Creek, near Trenton. July 15th,
1906. Dr. C. C. Abbott, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Color in life generally dark dull olivaceous-brown, inclining to
more paler olivaceous on lower surface of head and abdomen.
Body marked with 5 longitudinal dusky-olive streaks. Upper-
most of these close to base of dorsal, next just above lateral line
inclusive to just below lateral line broader, and fifth extending
from infraorbital to axil of pectoral and back where it joins upper.
Below this, lowest extending from articular bone just below base
of pectoral and then continued to base of anal, but not on caudal
peduncle. Bars on head distinct, especially postocular and 1
from infraorbital. Opercular blotch a little smaller than orbit,
with posterior golden-olive margin. Fins dusky, soft dorsal
paler. Pectoral and ventral dusky, paler than unpaired fins,
though base of former darker. Anterior margin of ventral slaty,
base of fin and innermost ray pale. Lower margin of anal slaty.
Iris olive, ring around pupil slightly dusky. Length about 5%
inches. Forks of Cedar Swamp Creek, Cape May County. De-
cember 31st, 1905. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. Young
much darker, with golden reflections on opercle and chest, side

312 REPORT OF NEW JERSBY STATE MUSEUM.

with about 4 broad indistinctly defined longitudinal bands. Color
very dark, otherwise similar to adult. Margin of ventral paler
in examples 3 inches long.

Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook).

Blue Spotted Sun Fish.

Color in life muddy-brown speckled with brilliant gilded spots,
with azure and blue-green reflections. These spots extending on
bases of caudal and dorsal, and on head, though not on predorsal
region. Iris, rayed dorsal and anal wine-color, and same tint on
caudal basally, though margin dusky. Pectoral translucent with
diluted olive. Ventral pale, spine and first ray dusky with its
tip slaty and first 2 rays dusky wine-color. After death colors
become darker, more of a deep greenish-olive, and abdomen
remains pale. Opercle with black blotch, smaller than pupil, and
margined above and below with gilt-like spots. Affluent of
Crosswicks Creek, near Trenton. July 15th, 1906. Dr. C. C.
Abbott, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Enneacanthus obesus (Girard).

PLATE 102.
Banded Spotted Sun Fish.

Small spotted sunfish, most likely this species, and the last,
are reported to occur in the small cedar-stained affluents and
ponds about Dennisville in Cape May County.

Lepomis phenax (Jordan).

Deceptive Sun Fish.

There are about 15 scales between lateral line and origin of
spinous anal, counted obliquely forward.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 313

Lepomis auritus (Linnzeus).
Long Eared Sun Fish.

Color in life olive-brown above, center of each scale darker,
and edges shot with metallic greenish in some lights. Head more
or less translucent brownish, several blue-green streaks before
eye, and I running up close below. Fins translucent dusky,
margin of rayed dorsal pale grayish-white. Sides of body also
tinged grayish with saffron tints of abdomen extending up to
lateral line. Breast gamboge. Some of scales on belly and pre-
ventral region tinted vermilion. Opercular flap black, with a
slight blue-green line above and below. Iris dusky-brown.
Lower surface of head translucent brownish, tinted dull gam-
boge in some lights. Pectoral and caudal with olivaceous tints.
Margin of ventral in front and behind grayish-white. Length
about 6 inches. ‘Taken on salt-clam in the Rancocas Creek at
Centerton, Burlington County, October 14th, 1906, where they
are abundant. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.

Eupomotis gibbosus (Linnzus).
Sun Fish. Common Sun Fish.

Color in life with upper surface olivaceous-dusky, and vertical
fins with more or less of same tints. ach scale on back with a
vertical dusky bar, and pale ones extending below level of eye.
Belly golden or coppery-amber. Several dusky azure-green
streaks radiate from eye, turning to coppery-amber. Iris brown-
ish. Jaws translucent brownish. <A black blotch on opercle
equals eye, with bright scarlet margin posteriorly, pinkish-purple
anteriorly below, and olive-purple above. Inside of gill-opening
pale translucent coppery. A dusky blackish-streak between each
dorsal and caudal ray basally, and parallel with rays. Anal
dusky-gamboge. Caudal mottled basally, and with a coppery
tint. Pectoral dilute amber-brown. Ventral same, bright basally,

314 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

and membrane with a few dusky spots. Spine and edge of first
ventral ray tinted pinkish. Adult. Cedar Swamp Creek tide-
water at Petersburg, Cape May County. April 16th, 1906. T.
D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. ‘These fish were abundant, and
many large examples are taken by the gill-net fishermen. They
all agree in their apparent uniformity of color. Color in life of
young altogether more bluish than Delaware River specimens.
Back pale olive-brown, vertical bands not very distinct. Side of
head brownish-emerald and blue. Muzzle translucent brownish.
Iris with pearly reflections. Peritoneum showing through cop-
pery-white. Trunk with more purplish reflections. Opercular
spot very narrowly blackish. Fins pale translucent. Ventrals
most so. Dorsai spines a trifle dusky. Length 2 inches. Upper
tide-water of Cedar Swamp Creek, at Petersburg. December
31st, 1905. T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. We found little
examples abundant in the bayous of the creek.

A medium-sized example was taken in Mantua Creek, above
Mantua, April 8th, 1906, by S$. H. Hamilton and myself. It is
said to be abundant in the streams about Dennisville, in Cape
May County. Small examples were taken there in September.

Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi (Storer).

Tessellated Darter.

Found in some numbers about sand riffles of Chestnut Branch
of Mantua Creek, April Ist, 1906. They were adult, but with-
out evidence of breeding-dress, and were associated with No-
tropis analostanus.

Family SERRANIDA.
Roccus lineatus (Bloch).

Rock. Striped Bass.

In a recent issue of Forest and Stream, Mr. L. Huht reports
7 examples of from 2 to 4 pounds in weight taken at Shark River

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. Bre

Inlet on November 9th. They were taken on blood-worm bait,
which appears rather unusual for this time of year.

Large examples are sometimes taken in the Delaware below
Trenton, off Delanco, Riverton and Burlington.

Labrax lineatus Gill, An. Rep. Smiths Inst., 1856, p. 255.

Morone americana (Gmelin).

White Perch.

Iead 234; depthiz14~ 1X, 1, 12,1; AgU, 9; 1; scales}47. in
lateral line to base of caudal, and 6 more on latter; 7 scales in
vertical series between origin of spinous dorsal and lateral line;
IO scales in a vertical series between origin of spinous anal and
lateral line; mandible 2% in head; fourth dorsal spine 1% ; first
dorsal ray 2; third anal spine 2%; first anal ray 2; least depth
of caudal peduncle 234; upper caudal lobe 114; pectoral 134;
ventral 124; snout 4 in head measured from tip of upper jaw;
eye 44%; maxillary 3. Body compressed, rather deep, back
elevated, and greatest depth at origin of spinous dorsal, Head
compressed, profiles more or less similar, and above upper be-
comes strongly convex after occiput. Snout conic, and its length
36 its width. Eye rounded, near first third in head. Mouth
oblique, and mandible protruding a little. Lips fleshy. Teeth
fine, in narrow bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines.
Tongue with a narrow band of fine teeth on each side, rounded
in front and free. Maxillary reaches first third of eye or a
little behind front rim of pupil, and its distal expansion 2 in orbit.
Nostrils placed in last third of length of snout. Interorbital
space convex and broad. Ridge of opercle salient. Margin of
preopercle finely serrate, and serre rather sparse. Opercular
spines 2, lower larger and posterior. Gill-rakers 8 + 12, lance-
olate, equal filaments or about 2 in iris. Scales large, finely
ctenoid, and in series parallel with lateral line above its course,
below in horizontal series. Small scales on bases of fins. Scales
in 8 series on cheek. Tubes simple in lateral line, which is con-
current with dorsal profile. Origin of spinous dorsal about
midway between front rim of pupil and origin of rayed dorsal.
Second and third anal spines subequal, and first 214 in second.
Rayed anal with anterior rays longest. Caudal emarginate, and

316. REPORTIOB NEW JERSEY STATE (MUSEUM:

upper lobe longer. Pectoral 114 in space to spinous anal. Ven-
tral inserted behind base of pectoral, reaching 114 in space to
origin of spinous anal. Vent nearer anal than tip of ventral.
Color in alcohol largely with silvery reflections, back dull olivace-
ous, fading paler below, and under surface becoming whitish.
Fins brownish, pectoral and ventral paler. Iris slaty. Length
8 inches. Cedar Swamp Creek in tide-water at Petersburg, Cape
May County. April 16th, 1906. T. D. Keim and H. W.
Fowler.

Color of the above in life largely dull olivaceous-brown
above, inclining to dusky over most all of upper surface. Belly
and abdomen silvery-white. Sides of head with brassy, and this
shade very slightly extending over whole of trunk above. Iris
brassy. Inside of gill-opening whitish with coppery reflections.
Opercle tinted green. Mandible pale purplish, tinted with pale
dusky spots, jaws otherwise pale translucent whitish. Dorsal
and caudal olivaceous-brownish. Anal pale. Pectoral brown-
ish, tinted warm basally, and upper edge a little dusky.

This fish is taken about Cape May, Tuckahoe and other places
in some numbers at times. At Petersburg they were usually
found in gill-nets. Mr. G. Z. Hartman reports 1 from off
Palermo, Cape May County, of about 2% pounds weight.
Many varieties are known by their colors, and several of each are
usually taken in one haul, according to some fishermen.

Centropristis striatus (Linnzus).

Black Sea Bass. Centropristis striatus (Linneus). (Young.)

Black Sea Bass.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 317

Eudulus auriga (Cuvier).

PLATE 103.

Coachman.

Family LUTIANID.
Lutianus griseus (Linnzus).
PLATE 104.

Gray Snapper. Snapper.

Mr. G. Z. Hartman reports 1 from a pound near Palermo,

Cape May County, weighing a little over 2 pounds, during the
fall of 1902.

Family HE MULID.

Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnzus).

Speckled Red Mouth.

Speckled Red Mouth. Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linneus). (Young.)

Head 3; depth 24/,; D. XII, 16, 1; A. III, 13, 1; scales about
60 in lateral line to base of caudal, and about 20? more on latter;
12 scales in a vertical series between origin of spinous dorsal and
lateral line; 20 scales in a vertical series between origin of spinous
anal and lateral line; snout 2% in head; eye 4; maxillary 3%;

318 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

interorbital space 41% ; fourth dorsal spine 2% ; fourth dorsal ray
2%; second anal spine 3%; third anal ray 244; upper caudal
lobe 1%; least depth of caudal peduncle 3; pectoral 1% ; ventral
1%. Body compressed, predorsal region with median keel and
other edges rounded. Profiles similar, back not elevated, and
greatest depth falling about base of fifth dorsal spine. Caudal
peduncle compressed, a trifle longer than deep. Head compressed,
and profiles similar, or upper a little more inclined than lower.
Snout a trifle longer than broad. Eye a trifle longer than deep,
rounded, high, and about midway in head. Mouth small, terminal
and a little inclined. Jaws about even, when closed. Maxillary
small, well concealed above by preorbital, reaching front nostril,
and its expansion equals vertical diameter of pupil, which is a
little less than horizontal. Lips rather thin. Rami of mandible
not elevated in jaws. Teeth in jaws minute, in narrow bands.
No vomerine, palatine or lingual teeth. Tongue small, rather far
back, short, rounded, fleshy and free. Nostrils separated, and
close to front of eye. Entire margin of preopercle with weak and
rather sparse serre. Edges of subopercle, interopercle, opercle
and preorbital entire. Gill-opening extends forwards opposite
posterior margin of pupil. Gill-rakers 8-++12, lanceolate, weak,
and longest about 4 of filaments, which are about same of orbit
horizontally. Isthmus rather broad and rounded. Scales mod-
erately small, largest on costal region, and above lateral line in
oblique series sloping to bases of dorsals. On caudal peduncle,
both above and below in horizontal series similar to those on costal
region and abdomen generally. Head, except lips and maxillary,
more or less completely covered with small scales, in about 17
series on cheek. Suprascapula covered with small scales. Dorsals
and anals without scales, except narrow basal sheaths extending
nearly their entire lengths. Greater portion of caudal, except
posterior margin, covered with fine scales. Pectoral scaly at base.
Ventral with’ a pointed scaly axillary keel 3% in appressed fin.
Scales on chest and prepectoral region minute. Lateral line of
simple tubes concurrent with dorsal profile and extending well out
on caudal basally. Origin of spinous dorsal failing about midway
in vertical between tip of snout and base of last spine, spines

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 319

slender, graduated down from fourth, which is longest, and mar-
ein of fin apparently entire. Rayed dorsal inserted a little nearer
origin of spinous fin than base of caudal, anterior rays a little
higher and margin of fin rounded. Spinous anal inserted about
midway between origin of pectoral and base of caudal, spines
slender and second barely shorter than third. Rayed anal similar
to rayed dorsal. Caudal emarginate and apparently upper lobe a
little longer. Pectoral inserted opposite origin of dorsal, and
reaching 34 to spinous anal. Ventral inserted behind origin of
pectoral and reaching 34’ of space to spinous anal. Vent midway
between tip of ventral and origin of spinous anal. Color in life
beautiful dark steel lavender-brown on back and upper suface gen-
erally, this color fading into pale lavender-gray on sides, cheek,
opercle, and a large extent of lateral region. Under surface of
head with dilute lavender tints. Chest and breast whitish,
bounded just above with a dilute greenish-olive tinge extending
from below pectoral over an area to lower lobe of caudal basally,
and all more or less finely punctate with dusky dots, or with soiled
appearance. This shade of dark color more intense on back with
same effect. Top of head dusky. Beautiful gilded orange streaks
longitudinally, none wider than pupil, distributed over trunk
above, and on sides and same region of head. These are rather
irregular, sometimes vermiculated, and are slightly inclined up
posteriorly from front of lateral line on back anteriorly, though
postetiorly they simply cross over. Here they are also more nar-
row, following well in courses of scales and running into a line ex-
tending from occiput along back close and concurrent with dorsal
profile. Just above another almost at profile line, and both extend
back to caudal peduncle. On costal region lines all broken up into
small gilded dots. On side of caudal peduncle lines resolve them-
selves into 5 bands and extend out more or less broken on base
of caudal. Spinous dorsal beautiful dilute dusky or lavender-
gray, marked with a number of large blotches of gilded-brownish,
most distinct and more or less serial along base of fin. Edge of
spinous dorsal not especially dark, though broadly darker than
rest. Rayed dorsal, caudal and anal beautiful deep greenish-
olive, becoming diluted grayish-dusky marginally. Outer portion

320 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

of rayed dorsal from a point sloping down from tip of first ray,
till nearly to bottom of last, broadly dusky-olivaceous, and this
area well and sharply defined, leaving a narrow pale base. Rayed
dorsal rather numerously spotted with gilded-brown, spots more
or less equal and most conspicuous at base of fin. Caudal and
anal brighter green at basal regions. Edge of spinous anal also
dusky, though base pale. Pectoral pale translucent grayish,
mostly of uniform tint. Ventral grayish around edges of fins, be-
coming dull yellowish in middle, and whitish basally. When
appressed front edge whitish, and outer portion slightly dusky.
Iris silvery-white, with a bright vermilion speck on upper outer
edge. Jaws and lips translucent grayish. Inside of mouth pale
orange-red. Length 5 inches. Palermo, Cape May County.
October roth, 1906.

This is the only New Jersey example I have seen. It was sent
to me by Mr. G. Z. Hartman.

Orthopristis chrysopterus Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, No-.
vember oth, p. 596.

Family SPARIDZ.
Lagodon rhomboides (Linnzus).

Sailor’s Choice.

This is known to me from an example taken about a wreck
near Cape May some years ago, and reported by Mr. H. W.
Hand,

Lagodon rhomboides Fowler, Science XXIV, 1906, November

oth, p. 590.
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum).
Sheep’s Head.

At Palermo in Cape May County, Mr. G. Z. Hartman says
this is a common fish, the season being between May and October

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 321

in warm weather, though they run best from the last of August

till the middle of September. ‘The bait used is hermit-crab, razor-

clam or ordinary clam, and spotted, sand and fiddler crabs.
Sargis ovis Norris, Am. Angler, 1868, p. 279, fig.

Sheep’s Head. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum). (Young.)

Family GERRIDZ.
Eucinostomus gula (Cuvier).

PLATE 105.

Mogarrita.

Family SCIANIDZ.

Cynoscion regalis (Schneider).

Weak Fish.

At Sea Isle City a number were taken daily at times in July,
according to Mr. Fox. About Cape May many are caught in the

2I MU

322 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

sound, and during the past season they have been especially
abundant. They have been reported from the Tuckahoe River
as far as tide water.

? SS) .. .
>. i .
f v

Weak Fish. Cynoscion regalis (Schneider). (Young.)

Bairdiella chrysura (Lacépéde).

Silver Perch. White Perch.

Head. 2% ; depth.3% 3D. XI, 1, 27,1; A.) 9, 1; :scalesiga im
lateral line to base of caudal and 5 more on latter; tubes 54 in
lateral line to base of caudal and 5 more on latter; 8 scales in a
vertical series between origin of spinous dorsal and lateral line;
10 scales in a vertical series between origin of spinous anal and
lateral line; snout 4 in head; eye 4%; maxillary 2%4; inter-
orbital space 41%; fourth dorsal spine 134; fourth dorsal ray 2;
second anal spine 2'/,,; first anal ray 1°/,); least depth of caudal
peduncle 234; caudal, measured to tips of median rays, 1%;
pectoral 134; ventral 114. Body elongate, compressed, back a
little elevated, greatest depth at origin of spinous fin, and upper
profile a little more convex than lower. Head compressed, and
upper profile a little concave from snout to occiput. Snout con-
vex both in profile and over surface, and its length 11% in its
breadth. Eye rounded, near first third in head. Mouth oblique,
and jaws about even. Maxillary oblique, its upper moiety con-
cealed by preorbital, reaching middle of orbit, and its distal
expanded extremity 1% in orbit. Teeth small, upper biserial,
with outer series a little enlarged, curved and rather sparse, and
mandibular a little large, uniserial. No other teeth. Tongue

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 323

broad, rounded, and free. Nostrils close together in front of
eye, posterior larger. Preopercular angle rather salient, with
spine directed down, and posterior margin serrated, serre in-
creasing in size towards angle. Obsolete opercular spines 2.
Margin of suprascapula entire. Gill-rakers 11-++15, 1, lance-
olate, and longest a little longer than filaments or 134 in eye.
Scales ctenoid, largest on side and opercle, above lateral line at
first in series sloping obliquely up towards base of spinous dorsal,
and after this point in series longitudinally parallel. Below
lateral line scales in horizontal series, posteriorly parallel with its
course. Series of small scales 1 or 2 along bases of rayed dorsal
and anal, conspicuous. Base of caudal finely scaled. About 13

Silver Perch. Bairdiella chrysura (Lacépéde). (Young.)

series of scales on cheek. Lateral line of simple tubes, a little
convex at first, then sloping down to middle of side of caudal
peduncle, and continued out on base of caudal. Spinous dorsal
inserted about midway between posterior nostrils and origin of
rayed dorsal, and graduated down from fourth or longest spine,
fifth subequal, and last spines short. Rayed dorsal inserted mid-
way between posterior margin of preopercle and base of caudal,
and rays graduated down from first which is highest. Spinous
anal inserted nearly midway between tip of pectoral and base
of caudal, second spine much longer, and slender. Rayed anal
graduated down from first ray, which is longest. Caudal broad,
with upper and median rays longest so that posterior edges are

324 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

concave, convex and then concave. Pectoral slender, upper rays
longest, and reaching not quite half way to spinous anal, Ven-
tral inserted behind base of pectoral, reaches half way to spinous
anal, and spine 124 in fin. Vent close in front of spinous anal.
Color in alcohol scarcely faded from that as noted below. Color
when fresh generally dull lavender-grayish on back and upper
surface, sides and lower surface becoming dull whitish. Entire
body with a more or less bright silvery sheen. Upper surface in
some lights reflecting brownish. Jaws more or less silvery,
upper brownish, and lips specked with dull dusky. Iris bright
silvery. Spinous dorsal grayish-dusky, a little paler basally, and
spines burnished with silvery. Rayed dorsal and caudal dull
brownish-gray. Anal and ventral pale yellowish, becoming
whitish towards ends. Pectoral translucent pale brownish, paler
below. Inside of gill-opening silvery, speckled with brownish
above. Length 8% inches. Sea Isle City. Wm. J. Fox.

Mr. Fox saw several young about 4 inches long, September
30th, 1906, also a number of small examples of Pogonias, in the
thoroughfare at Sea Isle City. This fish takes the hook with a
rush and is considered a desirable game-fish,

Bairdiella chrysura Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November

oth, p. 596.
Scizenops ocellatus (Linnzus).

Channel Bass.

Mr. Fox says that 5 were taken at Townsend’s Inlet, July
15th, 1906. ‘The dark spot at the base of the tail varies some-
what, according to the fishermen.

Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépéde.
Cape May Goody.
Liostomus obliquus Norris, Am. Angler, 1869, p. 290. fig.

Genus Micropocon Cuvier.

The Croakers.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 325

Micropogon undulatus (Linnzus).

PLATE 106.
Croaker,

Distinguished from the next chiefly by several small barbels
along the sides of the lower jaw.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox found this fish abundant off Sea Isle City,
during the summer of 1906. ‘This fish I have also noted at Stone
Harbor, Cape May, Anglesea, Grassy Sound, Avalon, Ocean
City, Atlantic City and Barnegat Pier. It reaches a length of 1
foot and is a good food-fish. In the “Fishes of New Jersey’ I
overlooked this species. At present I have no New Jersey ex-
amples.

Micropogon undulatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 811.

Menticirrhus saxatilis (Schneider).

King Fish.

xe.

King Fish. Menticirrhus saxatilis (Schneider). (Young.)

Mr. S. R. Morse showed me an example in the State Museum,
at Trenton, 15°/,, inches in length. It was taken off Long
Branch according to him, during the early part of 1903. Eye

326 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

2% in snout and first dorsal spine reaching a little beyond origin
of dorsal radii. Very young abundant in the surf at Stone Har-
bor, July 25th, 1906.

Umbrina nebulosa Norris, Am. Angler, 1869, p. 286, fig.

Pogonias cromis (Linnzus).

Banded Drum. Black Drum.

Elead 3% ;) depth 2345, 1D. X lease; A. Tl, 6% ‘scalesismeam
lateral line to base of caudal and 5 more on latter; 6 scales in a
vertical series between origin of rayed dorsal and lateral line in a
vertical series; 12 scales in a vertical series between origin of
spinous anal and lateral line; snout 3% in head; eye 4% ; max-
illary 3; interorbital space 4%; second dorsal spine 17%; first
dorsal ray 2% ; second anal spine 134; first anal ray 134; caudal
1144; least depth of caudal peduncle 224; pectoral 11%; ventral
1%. Body compressed, deep, back elevated so that upper profile
is ovoid with greatest bulge at origin of dorsal. Predorsal region
keeled, belly and chest flattened. Caudal peduncle compressed,
and its length about 44 its least depth. Head compressed, ‘and
upper profile steeper than lower, and evenly convex to origin of
spinous dorsal. Snout as broad as long, obtuse, projecting be-
yond edge of upper jaw. Eye not high, a little longer than deep,
and near first third in head. Mouth little inclined, inferior, both
jaws inferior, and lower a little posterior to upper. Maxillary
well concealed above, reaching front margin of pupil, and its
expansion about half of eye horizontally. Lips a little fleshy.
Small short cirri, about 15 in number, along inner margin of
mandible externally. Exposed inferior surface of mandible
largely porous. Rather broad bands of fine teeth in jaws.
Tongue large, thick, rounded and little free. Nostrils close in
front of eye, posterior much larger. Interorbital space broad,
and nearly perfectly flat. Margins of preorbital and preopercle
entire. Gill-opening forward to anterior margin of pupil. Gill-
rakers 5 + 13, short, pointed, and longest about half of filaments,
which are about 24 of eye horizontally. Isthmus a little broad
and convex. Scales roughly ctenoid, largest on middle of sides
of body, and parallel with lateral line above its course. Below
lateral line scales in series also parallel with its course. Lower

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 327

costal series of scales convergent with upper series over vent.
Lateral line in course parallel with dorsal profile. No scales on
dorsals and anals, except along bases, where they are small. Base
of caudal covered with small scales. Very small scales on chest
and breast. Head more or less scaly, except lips, mandible and
maxillary. About 12 series of scales on cheek. Lateral line
of more or less simple continuous tubes, and till over vent
slightly arborescent. Spinous dorsal inserted midway between
tip of snout and origin of rayed fin in vertical, spines graduated
down from second which is longest, to ninth, and first shortest. —
Rayed dorsal preceded by a spine a little shorter than eighth,
though longer than ninth and tenth, and rays a little higher ante-
riorly with straight margin. Spinous anal inserted much nearer
base of caudal than that of ventral, first spine very short, and
second greatly enlarged and a little undulate. Depressed anal
reaching 34 to base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Pectoral with
upper rays longest, pointed and reaching about 74 to spinous
anal. Ventral inserted behind pectoral, reaches 34 to spinous
anal, and spine */, of fin. Vent a little nearer origin of spinous
anal than tip of appressed ventral. Color when fresh steel lav-
ender-gray generally, dark shade due to rather soiled effect of
minute dusky dots or points which also extend well down to -
lower side of body. Head dusky above, its sides, like most of
that of trunk, bright silvery in some lights. Under surface of
head, chest, abdomen and caudal peduncle, plain whitish. Broad
transverse bands 6. First from occiput down upper side of head,
second from just before spinous dorsal, third begins about base
of fourth dorsal spine, fourth from bases of last few dorsal
spines and first few dorsal rays, fifth from middle of base of rayed
dorsal, and sixth saddled over caudal peduncle. On back these
bands darker and extending up on bases of dorsals. Vertical
fins dusky-gray, marginally darker. Pectoral brownish, and pale
basally, becoming grayish on outer portion. Ventral largely
dusky on outer portion, then grayish, and basally whitish. Lips
grayish, and white. Iris dull orange, soiled blackish above and
below. Length 6% inches. Palermo, Cape May County. Octo-
ber r1th, 1906. G. Z. Hartman.

Mr. Hartman had also reported their occurrence to me
previously. On one occasion as many as a hundred or more

328 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

small ones were taken at one time. In October of 1905 5 or 6
were taken. Their flesh was very good as food. ‘They occur in
the thoroughfare. Mr. Fox reported several young examples
from Ludlam’s thoroughfare, Sea Isle City, September 3oth,
1906.

Family LABRIDZE.

Tautoga onitis (Linnezus).
Black Fish. Sea Tog.

Mr. G. Z. Hartman, of Palermo, says in his experience they
only bite in winter as a rule during a warm day.

Black Fish. Tantoga onitis (Linneus). (Young.)

Family ILARCHIDE.

Chzetodipterus faber (Broussonet).
Angel Fish. Spade Fish. Irish Sheep’s Head.

Color when fresh leaden-gray generally, margin of each scale
of slightly darker tint. Body, especially above, glossed with
metallic dilute greenish, purplish and bluish tints. Trunk with
5 indistinct transverse or vertical bands of darker shade than
body-color, first at occipital region down to base of pectoral very
broad, second midway between first and front of dorsal and nar-
rower, third from front of dorsal to front of anal, fourth from
midway between bases of rayed dorsal and anal, and fifth on
caudal peduncle posteriorly. Lower half of body more or less
tinted with dull creamy-white, and on abdomen below becom-
ing more or less opaque. Gray color of upper regions descends
to level with lower incision of gill-opening, so that line of demar-
cation slopes up abruptly till about level with lower base of

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 329

pectoral. A gray-brown streak narrowly a little inclined back
from axil of ventral posteriorly, and fading out below second
transverse dark band. Snout a little dusky above. Lips pale
creamy-gray. Iris pale brassy. Vertical fins grayish-dusky on
outer portions, basally pale with metallic gray. Pectoral dilute
grayish, broad margin pale, also sub-bassally some with base itself
darker. Ventral creamy at base and on inner rays, spine and
distally dusky to blackish. Edge of gill-opening, next to opercle,
silvery-gray. Inside gill-opening same. Length 15 inches.
Three examples, this the smallest, taken at Sea Isle City. July
Tie. coo. Wine J. Fox.

Family CHAXTODONTIDA.,

Chzetodon ocellatus Bloch.

Ocellated Butterfly Fish.

FED

Baga tabs

FS 2S
“"

sae <r,
: one
cS ~

SS
NS

Ocellated Butterfly Fish. Chetodon ocellatus Bloch.

330 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Cheetodon striatus Linnzus.

PLATE 107.
Streaked Butterfly Fish.

Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnzus).

Black Angel Fish.

On July 1st, 1906, Mr. Wm. J. Fox reported 3 large examples
of this species taken by the fishermen of Sea Isle City. Several
others have been taken during the season, possibly in all a half-
dozen. As the fishermen prize them for food, usually making
them into a sort of chowder, they seldom come into the markets.
They also believe they are as abundant as the spade fish, Chetod-
ipterus. j

Pomacanthus arcuatus Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, Novem-
ber othe 500.

Angelichthys ciliaris (Linnzus).

PLATE 108.

Blue Angel Fish. Angel Fish.

Family TEUTHIDID.
The Surgeon Fishes.
Genus Trutruis Linnzus.

The Doctor Fishes.

Teuthis hepatus Linnzus.
PLATE 100.
As the first species mentioned by Linnzeus for this genus is

the present one, it must be retained in place of Harpurus, pub-
lished in 1788.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 331

Family BALISTIDA.

Balistes carolinensis Gmelin.
Trigger Fish.

Head 3; depth 1%; D. III—-11, 22; A. 11, 22, 1; scales about 55
counted from upper edge of gill-opening to base of caudal, and
5 more on latter; 35 scales in transverse series between origin of
rayed dorsal and that of anal; snout 1% in head; eye 574; max-
illary 5; interorbital space 3% ; first dorsal spine 2*/;); second
branched dorsal ray 144; first branched anal ray 1°/;9; least
depth of caudal peduncle 4; lower caudal lobe 14; pectoral 2%.
Body compressed, deep, rather ellipsoid, with similar convex pro-
files, and greatest depth falling about pubic process. Edges of
body rounded. Head large, compressed, lower profile a little
more convex than upper, which is slightly depressed before eye.
Eye rounded, a trifle longer than deep, high. Mouth small,
almost horizontal. Lips fleshy, teeth uniserial, large, and an-
terior pair in each jaw largest, others all graduated back as
smaller with notched edges. Interorbital space highly and evenly
convex.. An oblique groove extending down from front of eye,
and above this a slight parallel depression containing nostrils,
which are close together, similar, and posterior about half an
eye-diameter in front of eye. Gill-opening a slightly oblique
vertical slit equal to about 1% eye-diameters, placed well behind
orbit, and its lower edge before and below origin of pectoral.
Scales all rough, largest and forming horizontal oblique series
just below pectoral. About 25 scales between maxillary and gill-
opening. Small scales along bases of rayed vertical fins. Lateral
line inconspicuous, crooked and undulating. It extends from
eye back convexly, ascending close to interdorsal space, then
bends suddenly down nearly opposite antero-median basal region
of anal to ascend again after forming a V-shaped angle and con-
tinue along middle of side of caudal peduncle. After interdorsal
region tubes exceptionally obsolete. Spinous dorsal with its
origin close behind eye, first spine largest, robust, and anterior
face asperous, others graduated down. Rayed anal graduated

332 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

down from first and second branched rays which are highest part
of fin, and its origin a little nearer anterior nostril than base of
caudal. Rayed anal inserted behind origin of rayed dorsal, which
it resembles, or about midway between front of eye and base of
caudal. Caudal broad, emarginate, and upper and lower rays
ending in slightly produced points. Pectoral rounded, upper
rays longest. Pubic process robust, movable, spinescent, and
followed by about 8 short more or less imbedded spines. Vent
large, close in front of anal. Color in alcohol faded more brown-
ish than noted below. Color when fresh in formalin smutty-
brown generally, fading into a dully brownish-white on lower
surface, and interstices between scales all more or less livid or
with a plumbeous tinge, above median line as progressing dor-
sally becoming more deeper or dull bluish colored, and as pro-
gressing ventrally becoming more pale or plumbeous-white.
Spinous dorsal pale brown spotted or vermiculated with pale
blue. Rayed dorsal, anal and caudal vermiculated and spotted
with azure-blue inclining more or less to french-blue and cobalt-
blue tints on darker or deep parts of fins, such as anterior portion
of former and outer or broad marginal portions of two latter.
These fins all with more or less dusky tints on outer portions,
ground-color somewhat olivaceous-brownish. In fact entire back
with more or less deep azure tints reflected here and there. Pec-
toral brownish tinted with pale bluish basally. Base of pectoral
with brownish blotches marked by pale reticulating bluish lines.
Lips brownish, upper a little dark, and lower pale translucent.
A bright narrow milky-white line across chin from lower corners
of mouth. Iris glassy-silvery with éxposed ball above blackish
and bluish. Length 11 inches. Sea Isle City. August 30th,
1906. Wm. J. Fox. Also 2 others taken the same day in the
pounds with several large examples of V omer setapimmts.

Balistes carolinensis Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November
oth, p. 596.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY.

ioe)
Oo
On

Family MONACANTHID.

Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnzus).
File Fish.

Plerd, 342: dept.) D. Tl-33);\Aeaaenout 1/, in head:
eye 37%; interorbital space 3%; first dorsal spine 114; sixth
dorsal ray 15% ; sixth anal ray 2% ; least depth of caudal peduncle
234; caudal 1; pectoral 2. Body orbicular, greatly compressed,
and its greatest width about 4% in its greatest depth which is at
origin of rayed dorsal. Lower profile evenly convex from be-
low mandible to end of pubic process. Upper profile forming
an anterior obtuse angle at origin of spinous dorsal, angle at
origin of spinous dorsal and another higher at origin of rayed
dorsal. Profile along bases of rayed dorsal and anal a little con-
vex and rapidly descending posteriorly to constricted caudal
peduncle. Edges of body more or less rounded. Caudal peduncle
well compressed and as long as deep. Head long, with well inclined
anterior profile which is undulated so that snout is convex. Width
of snout about 1% in its length. Eye circular, high, and falling
just before gill-opening. Mouth small. Jaws even and teeth
large, increasing anteriorly, and their edges notched. Lips
fleshy. Nostrils small, separated, and close to eye in front on
each side of snout. Interorbital space convex with occipital keel
rising abruptly behind. Gill-opening obiiquely before base of
pectoral above, distant from its upper point space equal to eye,
and its length about same. Body finely roughened, tubercles
larger on head and about pubic flap, very fine on caudal peduncle
and fin-rays. Spinous dorsal inserted about over last % of eye,
first spine robust, more or less straight and with about 6 large
antrorse spines along each side. Second dorsal spine small and
concealed in membrane. Rayed dorsal falls nearer base of caudal
than tip of snout and antero-median rays highest. Anal falling
a little behind origin of rayed dorsal, and postero-median rays ,
longest. Caudal long, with robust rays, and rounded. Origin
of pectoral a little above in middle of depth of body, and falling

334 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

a little nearer origin of anal than tip of snout. Appressed ventral
134 in space to origin of anal. Pubic process small and movable,
flap behind asperous, but not produced. Vent close in front of
anal. Color when fresh sepia-brown generally, and more or less
uniformly. Here and there on sides paler blotches. Lips pale
brownish and teeth whitish. Iris dull brownish-yellow. Dorsal,
anal and caudal pale or hyaline greenish-brown. Caudal with
2 obscure broad ill-defined transverse bands. Pectoral whitish.
Length 5 inches. Palermo, Cape May County. October roth,
Woe.) C.. Z.. (Hartman,

Also another with same data. Neither have first dorsal ray
filamentous.

Stephanolepis hispidus Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, Novem-
ber oth, p. 596.

Alutera schoepfii (Walbaum).

Leather Jacket.

Color when fresh, back gray-brown with more or less soiled
effect, and blotched or spotted rather indistinctly with soiled or
gilded ochraceous-golden. ‘These spots all more or less smaller
than pupil, and not extending below gill-opening in any definite
form as color all below is more or less entirely golden-ochraceous.
Iris dull glassy-olivaceous, more pale or whitish about pupil.
Vertical fins pale gray-brown, paler basally on dorsal and anal.
Pectoral pale grayish-white, radii distally scarcely brownish.
Ventral margin of body pale and more or less whitish. Lips
whitish, and chin with a plumbeous shade in front. Upper an-
terior surface of head more or less pale with a dark brownish
speckled streak extending forward from front ’of eye above.
Length 16 inches. Sea Isle City. June 24th, 1906. Wm. J.
Fox. Another about same size was altogether more uniform
gray-brown with very indistinct gilded spots,on back, and lower ~
surface without golden shade. Mr. Wm. J. Fox found this fish
abundant about Sea Isle City during the summer of 1906, and
many examples were taken in the deep-sea pounds. He also
noted it in the summer of 1905 at this locality.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 335

I have received 3 small examples, the largest of which is 10%
inches, from Palermo, Cape May County, collected by Mr. G.
Z. Hartman, October roth, 1906. They are interesting as show-
ing the comparatively long caudal, and in the longest is 2*/, in
the head and trunk. They were the usual sandy color when
fresh, and spotted or blotched more or less with dull gilt-chrome
over most of the side. .

Alutera schepfi Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November goth,

Pp. 590.
Family OSTRACIIDE.

Lactophrys trigonus (Linneeus) i

Trunk Fish.

Trunk Fish. Lactophrys ‘trigonus (Linnzus).

336 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family TETRODONTID.

Spheroides maculatus (Schneider).
Puffer.

A few were obtained at Sea Isle City during the past summer
by Mr. Wm. J. Fox.

Family DIODONTIDZA.
Trichodiodon pilosus (Mitchill).

Hairy Box Fish.

SSS
Hairy Box Fish. Trichodiodon pilosus (Mitchill).

Family MOLIDE.

Mola mola (Linnzus).

Head Fish. Cow Fish.

Mr. Fox reports 3 taken in the pounds at Sea Isle City during
this season, one in June and the others late in July. One was
reported early in July from Wildwood.

Family COTTIDEA.
Uranidea gracilis (Heckel).
PLATE IIO.

Miller’s Thumb. Star Gazer.

I have since examined many examples from neighboring locali-
ties and believe them all to be this species.

? Cottus meridionalis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865,
p. 82.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY.

iS)
ww
N

Myoxocephalus zeneus (Mitchill).

Sculpin.

Sculpin. Myorocephalus eneus (Mitchill).

Family TRIGLIDZE.

Prionotus evolans strigatus (Cuvier).
Flier.

Color when fresh faded gray-brown above and opaque-white
below. Sides of head and body with orange and ruddy tints,
former especially bright around lips. Ventrals and anal pinkish.
Caudal. gray with saffron or yellowish tint, margin milky-
plumbeous posteriorly. Spinous dorsal “ eray-brown, blackish
blotch along edge near tips of third to fifth spines. Rayed dorsal
gray-orange. Pectoral dusky gray-brown, with various shades
of ruddy-brown and olivaceous and fine cross-lines of deep brown.
Specks and dots on fins and body inclining from deep brown to
more or less warm tints. Iris golden-brown. Length 1134
inches. Sea Isle City. July rst, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Family GOBIIDZA.
Gobiosoma bosci (Lacépéde).

PLATE IIT.

Naked Goby.
22 MU

338 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM,

Family ECHENEIDIDE.
Echeneis alba-cauda Mitchill.

Leech.

Mr. G. Z. Hartman of Palermo, in Cape May County, reports
it to usually occur on most all sharks of any size. Mr. Fox ob-
tained it at Sea Isle City during the past summer.

Echeneis alba-cauda Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, Novem-
ber 9th, p. 596.

Remora remora (Linnzus).

PEATE IT2.

Remora.

Family PLEURONECTID.

Lophopsetta maculata (Mitchill).
Window Pane. Day Light.

Color when fresh, sinistral side dull olivaceous-drab, marked
with deeper brown or umber spots all over trunk and on fins,
where, however, they ‘become enlarged, elongated and altogether
more dark or blackish. Dark spots on trunk apparently smaller
along median axis of body. In addition to this sinistral side all
finely specked with dull white in between larger dark spots, and
these pale spots also extend out on vertical fins where they do
not, however, become enlarged. Anterior free rays of dorsal
pale. Pectoral transparent brownish, radii spotted with brown-
ish and specked whitish. On dextral side translucent whitish,
pectoral same only transparent, and vertical fins becoming more
or less grayish towards margins, with dark spots of sinistral
side showing through more or less distinctly. Iris specked deep
brownish-olive, narrow ring around pupil golden. Length 7%
inches. Sea Isle City. July 15th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 330

Etropus microstomus (Gill).

PLATE 113.
Little Flounder.

Head 444; depth 214; D. 83; A..65; RP. .9; V- 6; scales
about 40 in lateral line counted from head to base of caudal and
3 more on latter; 12 scales in a vertical series between thirty-
third dorsal ray and lateral line; 16 scales between ninth anal
ray and lateral line in a vertical series; mandible 244 in head;
thirtieth dorsal ray 214; twenty-first anal ray 144; caudal 1;
pectoral 1%; ventral 1°/,,; snout 5 in head measured from tip
of upper jaw; eye 4%; maxillary 324; least depth of caudal
peduncle 134. Body strongly compressed, ovoid, with bulge
anterior or about first third in total length, and upper profile a
little more evenly convex than lower, which has lower margin
straight after bulge. Caudal peduncle broad, and strongly com-
pressed. Head well compressed, much deeper than long, edges
more or less trenchant and upper with a notch just before eye.
Snout a little broader than long, surface somewhat convex. Eyes
sinistral, a little elongate, and lower anterior to upper about first
sixth of its length. Mouth small, obliquely vertical, and with
gape a little curved up in profile. Mandible well protruding.
Lips fleshy, though not very thick. Maxillary curved, its pos-
terior margin encroaching on lower anterior margin of eye, and
its distal expansion about a third of horizontal diameter of latter.
Teeth small, in small bands, and close together in jaws, those
in front a little enlarged. Nasal area rhombic, and nostrils sepa-
rated and about level with bony interorbital keel, which separates
eyes. Dextral nostrils close to indenture of upper profile and simi-
larly separated. Lower edge of preopercle entire. Gill-opening
extending forward about opposite posterior margin of upper pupil.
Gill-rakers about 5 short weak tubercles and much shorter than
filaments, which are about 2 of upper eye horizontally. Isthmus
narrow, surface presenting a narrow flattened triangle. Shoul-
der-girdle encroaches in isthmian tavity as deep trenchant or
rudder-like process with slightly produced point. Scales on left

340 REPORT OF:-NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

side of body large, with slightly roughened edges, more or less
smooth over surface, at base of each in exposed sockets a num-
ber of small ones of irregular size, all more or less with obtusely
triangular edges, and disposed in series parallel with lateral line.
Scales on left side anterior to its greatest depth all smaller than
elsewhere. Scales on cheek in about, 14 series and all of head
covered with more or less small scales, except lips and internasal
area. Scales on right side with edges more rounded, with small
scales about their bases though not especially reduced on anterior
half of body. Scales on head large, mostly without small scales
at bases, and about 8 series on cheek. Base of caudal with small
scales. Lateral line very slightly convex at first till about oppo-
site end of pectoral, then perfectly straight to base of caudal.
Dorsal begins opposite space between dextral pair of nostrils,
rises to its greatest height about greatest depth of body, and
slopes very gradually down to last rays which are graduated
shorter more abruptly. Anal begins about opposite origin of
pectoral, rises for about % its length, or just after greatest depth
of body, and then graduated like dorsal. Anterior rays of both
dorsal and anal with distal portions largely free, membranes
gradually encroaching on fins to their greatest height after
which tips are not free. Caudal rather broadly rounded. Right
pectoral short, a trifle more than half of head, and upper rays
longest. Left pectoral similar, only larger. Ventrals separate,
right a little anterior and larger, and when appressed reaching
base of third anal ray. Vent forming a pore just after base of
right ventral on right side. Color in alcohol on right side brown-
ish-white, vertical fins grayish, and a little deeper basally. Pec-
toral whitish. Left side gray-brown, with a warm shade, and
minutely mottled or speckled with grayish and pale dusky.
Lateral line in a slightly more brownish streak than general
body-color. Fins all grayish-brown, deeper basally, and all
mottled obscurely with shades of same but darker. Iris slaty.
Length 4°/,, inches. Ocean City. | |

I am indebted to the United States National Museum for the
opportunity of examining this example. It is now in the col-
lection of the Academy.

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 341

Paral ichthys dentatus (Linnzus).

Summer Flounder.

Abundant at Sea Isle City during the past summer. According
to Mr. Wm. J. Fox as many as a hundred have been taken on
lines during a single day.

Limanda ferruginea (Storer).

Mud Dab. Hooked Snout Flounder.

This has been taken at Cape May according to Mr. H. W.
Hand. |

Limanda ferruginea Fowler, Science, XXIV, 1906, November
oth, p. 596.

Family ASTROSCOPIDZ.

Astroscopus guttatus (Abbott).

PLATE 114.
Northern Star Gazer. Spotted Star Gazer.

My example from Atlantic City, described in last year’s report
as Astroscopus y-grecum, after a comparison with an example
from Florida, I find to be undoubtedly the present species. At
that time I had not any other material available for comparison,
and concluded the Atlantic City example must be distinct. It,
however, appears to be nothing more than the adult of the present
species. Therefore, the statement in my description that the
“naked space between forks of Y on top of head long and narrow,
but shorter than vertical limb of Y,” is erroneous. I have also
just examined a young example, taken at Beesley’s Point many
years ago by Samuel Ashmead. ‘Thus so far but a single species
may be said to occur on our coasts.

342 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Upsilonphorus anoplos Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 817.
Astroscopus y-grecum Fowler, An. Rep. N. J. State. Mus.,

1905 (1906), p. 399.

Northern Star Gazer. Astroscopus guttatus (Abbott). (Young.)

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 343

Family BLENNIIDZ:.*

Blennius fucorum Valenciennes.

Blenny.

Blenny. Blennius fucorum Valenciennes.

Hypleurochilus geminatus (Wood).
1PAU GHD “inane

Shell Blenny.

Family BATRACHOIDIDE.

Opsanus tau (Linneus).

PLATE I16.

Toad Fish.

Toad Fish. Opsanus tau (Linneus). (Young.)

Mr. Wm. J. Fox found a young example in an oyster shell at
Sea Isle City, June 24th, 1906.

*I recently wrongly referred, as a new genus, Congrammus to this family.
It is identical with Dactyloscopus and therefore a member of the related
family Dactyloscopide.

344. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family GADIDZE.
Pollachius virens (Linnzus).

PANE Iz
Pollock.

Capt. Mark Castro reported, in March of 1906, that quite a
number were taken off Atlantic City, sometimies 4 or 5 being
brought in during 1 day.

Mir. Frank Hartman, of Palermo, Cape May County, states
that he has taken small Pollock in the inlets in cold weather.

Mr. Wm. J. Fox reports 1 of about 15 pounds in weight, taken
on a line with surf-clam bait at Sea Isle City early in the past
December. ‘They were also reported to have been taken in the
pounds occasionally.

Gadus callarias Linnzus.
Cod! Cod Fish:

Flead 3345 depth 4545.1), TO 16-1, 14); A. 110/17 —te eae
scales about 180 counted along lateral line to base of caudal; 20
scales between origin of first dorsal and lateral line in a vertical
series; 48 scales in a vertical series between origin of first anal
and lateral line; snout 234 in head; eye 544; maxillary 2% ; inter-
orbital space 4; second branched ray of first dorsal 2% ; first
branched ray of second dorsal 2% ; second branched ray of third
dorsal 2% ; first branched ray of first anal 23% ; first branched ray
of second anal 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 5% ; caudal 234 ;
pectoral 1°/,,; ventral 2'/,). Body elongate, slender, compressed,
and greatest depth about middle of base of first dorsal. Head
compressed, rather conic, and profiles more or less similar. Snout
conic, surface convex, protruding well beyond jaws, and a little
longer than broad. Eye rounded, a little high, and a trifle
anterior. Mouth nearly horizontal, and upper jaw anterior to
lower in front. Maxillary a little oblique, extending beyond

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 345

front rim of eye, though not to pupil, and its distal expansion
about 134 in eye. Lips fleshy. A series of short sharp conic
teeth in jaws and on vomer. ‘Tongue broad, rounded in front,
and free. Nostrils near together, anterior with a cutaneous flap,
and placed near last third in length on side of snout. Interorbital
space broadly and slightly convex. A single mandibular barbel
a trifle less than eye. Gill-rakers 2+17, 1, lanceolate, and longest
about */, of longest filaments, which are about 1% in eye. Scales
small, cycloid, in longitudinal series, largest on posterior portion
of trunk, and only minute ones extending on bases of fins. Head
covered more or less with minute scales, muzzle naked to nostrils.
Lateral line high at first, then median to base of caudal, and with
rather small wide-set tubes. Origin of first dorsal midway be-
tween tip of snout and last third in base of second dorsal, and
antero-median rays highest. Second dorsal inserted a little
nearer base of last ray of third dorsal than anterior nostril, and
anterior rays highest. Third dorsal inserted nearer origin of
second dorsal than base of caudal, and anterior rays highest.
First anal inserted midway between mental barbel and base of
caudal, or a trifle behind origin of second dorsal, and anterior rays
longest. Second anal inserted a trifle behind origin of third dorsal
or about midway between origin of first anal and base of caudal,
also anterior rays highest. Caudal small, emarginate, and trun-
cate when expanded. Pectoral with upper rays longest, 1% to
first anal. Ventral inserted well before origin of pectoral and a
trifle over half way to first anal, with second ray longest. Color
in alcohol faded brownish, paler below. Length 20 inches. Sea
Isle City. March 2nd, 1906. W. J. Fox.

Color when fresh olive-brown above generally, though median
line of back hardly more umber or deep brown. Lower surface
of body from level with mouth, base of pectoral and middle of
side of caudal peduncle, opaque milky-white, in some lights with
the slightest livid gray-green tints, and its surface also here and
there dusted imperceptably with very pale gray or leaden dots.
This also true of sides of head, below. Head more or less uni-
form brownish above with olive tints, only occiput spotted finely.
These spots small and crowded, begin just behind eye, extend up

346 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

on occiput, and are then distributed in varying size over most all
of upper surface of body. On back superiorly and medianly
they are smaller, although as they progress down laterally become
more enlarged, and of rather blotched appearance. In color
superior spots deep olive-brown, though becoming more yellowish
towards middle of side where they are of beautiful shades, mostly
golden or gilded-brown. Flanks all more or less overshot with
leaden shades, and course of lateral line in a narrow leaden strip,
though wider and most pronounced posteriorly or after vent.
Dorsals and caudal deep olive-brown, and thick bases of each of
former or more or less livid, with bright golden-brown spots
indistinctly defined and so distributed to form oblique streaks,
not so much inclined as fin rays when erected. Similar markings
on caudal more nebulous. Anals with leaden-white bases and
becoming gradually though broadly dusky-olive marginally.
Edges of anals anteriorly pale. Pectoral golden-brown, paler
below, leaden basally externally, and axilla pale olive with a
leaden-brown spot above at origin. Ventral pale brownish-
white distally, below dusted with pale olive. Lips pale trans-
lucent fleshy-brown, lower almost white. Iris pearly-white with
brownish and greenish shades. Inside of gill-opening with shell-
like whitish tints. Margins of dorsals and caudal more in con-
trast than those of anals as they are darker. Length 21 inches.
pea Isle City... | Wim, J) .Fox,

Reported as abundant off these shores, while the haddock
was rare. ‘The above described. is about as small as they run,
and are regarded by the fishermen as small-sized examples.
When opened all were found to contain remains of small beach
crabs, some of the shells of which measured a little over 2 inches.
Mir. Fox reports it from off Sea Isle City, March 18th, 1906, and
getting rather less frequent though some were still caught.

Melanogrammus ezeglefinus (Linnzeus).

Haddock.

Head 3%; depth 334; D. 16-21-21; A. 26-20; scales 158
counted along lateral line just above its course to base of cau-
dal; 18 scales in a vertical series between origin of second dor-

THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 347

sal and lateral line; about 42 scales in a vertical series between
origin of first anal and lateral line; width of head 2% in its
length; depth of head over middle of eye 2; snout 234);
eye 5; maxillary 27g; interorbital space 4; second ray of first
dorsal 144; second ray of second dorsal 2%; third ray of third
dorsal 274; seventh ray of first anal 24; fourth ray of second
anal 3; least depth of candal peduncle 5%; caudal 19/,,; pec-
toral 14%; ventral 2%. Body robust, well compressed, heavy
forward, and elongately ovoid. Caudal peduncle compressed,
edges depressed above and below. Head robust, with more or
less swollen appearance. Snout about as long as broad, with
slight depression about nostrils, and protruding in front. Eye
rounded, large, high and a little anterior in head. Mouth mod-
erate, transversely inferior, and upper jaw protruding a little
in front of lower. Maxillary more or less concealed, reaching
front of eye. Bands of small teeth in jaws, also on vomer.
Tongue thick, fleshy and a little free in front. Nostrils a little
nearer eye than tip of snout, close together, anterior with a
small cutaneous flap, and posterior larger. Occiput resolving
into a median convex osseous keel. Gill-rakers 3 + 21, lanceo-
late, short, and largest about half of largest filaments, which are
about 34 of eye. Scales more or less imbedded, cycloid and thin.
Scales on head all minute, absent from muzzle, and those on
opercle very small. Scales on predorsal region and back above
to third dorsal all very small and of crowded appearance. Small
scales on base of caudal, otherwise fins naked. Lateral line con-
spicuous and more or less concurrent with dorsal profile. First
dorsal inserted opposite origin of pectoral, and rays graduated
down from second which is longest. Second dorsal inserted a
trifle before tip of pectoral, its base longest of dorsal fins, and
graduated down from third ray which is longest. Third dorsal
inserted nearer origin of second dorsal than base of caudal, and
rays graduated down from fourth which is largest. First anal
inserted opposite origin of second dorsal, though fin much larger,
and graduated down from about sixth ray which is longest.
Second anal inserted a trifle after origin of third dorsal, and of
about similar size. Caudal broad, with posterior edge emargin-
ated. Pectoral pointed, reaches a trifle beyond origin of first

348 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

anal, and upper rays longest. Ventrals inserted a little before
origin of pectoral, second ray prolonged into a filamentous tip,
and reaching about */, of space to origin of first anal. Vent
large, close in front of first anal. Color when fresh deep olivace-
ous-umber on back and upper surface, edge of each scale some-
what shaded deeper. Below lateral line sides paler and becoming
still paler below or whitish. All these regions soiled with dull
umber tints. Dorsals and caudals dull or pale translucent brown-
ish, former all becoming livid brownish-white basally. Anals
white becoming soiled grayish on outer portions. Pectoral dull
grayish-brown, livid or pale on under side or lower side. Ventral
whitish, dotted with dull brownish. Lateral line deep blackish- -
brown. A deep umber-brown blotch a trifle larger than orbit
over middle of length of pectoral. Iris silvered whitish. Length
_ 27%4 inches. Sea Isle City. December 5th, 1906. Wm. J. Fox.

Mr. Fox reports that they are occasionally taken by the line
fishermen at Sea Isle City during cold weather.

Family LOPHIIDZ.

Lophius piscatorius Linneus.

Angler.

Abundant during early spring off Holly Beach. When cap-
tured and held up by the tail they sometimes will allow large quan-
tities of fish, which they have swallowed, to slip out.

Family ANTENNARIID-.
Pterophryne histrio (Linnzus).

PLATE 118.

Mouse Fish.

APPENDIX.

INTRODUCED SPECIES.

Family SILURIDZ.

Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque).

Spotted Cat Fish.

Spotted Cat Fish. Jctalurus punctatus (Rafinesque).

Ameiurus lacustris (Walbaum).

‘

Lake Cat Fish.

Lake Cat Fish. Ameiurus lacustris (Walbaum).
(349)

350 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Family SALMONIDE.
Salmo fario Linnzus.

PLATE I1Q.

Brown Trout.

Salvelinus alpinus (Linneus).
PLATE 120.

Saibling.

Family ESOCIDA.
Esox masquinongy (Mitchill).

IPG Ni) WATE.

Muskallunge.

Family MICROPTERID.

Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque.

PLATE 122,

Crappie.

Glossary of Technical Terms Relative to Amphibians
and Reptiles.

Abdomen. Belly.

Abdominal cavity. Chamber of the celome containing the viscera.

Abdominal shield. Posterior, or larger, of large shields on plastron joining
bridge in most turtles.

Abdominal vein. Vein extending from the pelvic veins to the liver.

Abducent nerves. Sixth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the external rectus
muscle of the eye.

Abductor. A muscle that draws away from the middle of the body.

Accessory nerves. Eleventh pair of cranial nerves, supplying muscles of the
shoulder.

Acetabulum. Surface for articulation of hind limb on pelvic-girdle.

Acrodont. Teeth fixed by their bases to summit ridge of the jaw.

Adductor. A muscle that draws towards the middle of the body.

Adrenal bodies. A gland on the ventral surface of each kidney.

Afferent. Conducing inward. Said of arteries, which convey aérated blood.

Alisphenoid. A small bone on the front side wall of the brain-case.

Alveola. Teeth-sockets.

' Alvelolar surface. Part of turtle’s jaw, where alveola develop in other
reptiles.

Ampluarthrosis. A joint in which bony surfaces are united by intervening
fibrous or fibrocartilaginous substance, so as to permit of slight move- ’
ment, as in the vertebre.

Amphicelian. Double-concave, usually referring to vertebre.

Ampulla. A dilation at the end of the semi-circular canal.

Anal. With reference to the anus or vent.

Anal plate. Plate just in front of vent in serpents, usually divided by a
median suture.

Anal shield. Posterior pair of shields or plates on plastron of turtles.

Anchylosed. Firmly grown together.

Angular. A small bone on back end of lower jaw.

Angulo-splenial. Membrane bone along inner face of mandible.

Annulus tympanicus. Ring of cartilage supporting tympanum.

Anteorbital plate. Preorbital plate. Preocular plate. Developed as 1 or

2 plates in front of eye in serpents, and its longest diameter usually
vertical.

Antrorse. ‘Turned forward.
Anus. Vent. External opening of intestine.

Aqueous humor. A watery fluid filling the anterior chamber of the eye.
Arboreal. Dwelling in trees.

(351)

352 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Archinephric duct. ‘Tube connecting the embryonic pronephros with the
cloaca,

Articular. Bone of lower jaw supporting dentary.

Articulate. Jointed.

Astragalus. Inner tarsal bone.

Atlas. First vertebra.

Atrophy. Non-development.

Attenuate. Wong and slender, as if drawn out.

Auditory capsules. Posterior region of skull on each side of the brain-case.

Auditory nerves. Eighth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the organ of
hearing.

Auricle. A chamber of heart.

Autogenous, Self-produced, as skeletal parts developed from ossification
centers.

Autostylic. Having the mandibular suspensorium suspended by the quadrate.

Axis. The second vertebra.

Azygous. Occurring singly.

Basioccipital. A lower median hind bone of the skull which attaches the
atlas.

Basis cranii. ‘The basioccipital, basisphenoid and presphenoid together at the
base of the skull.

Basisphenoid. Bone in front of basioccipital forming the floor of the skull.

Beak. Any bill-like structure.

Biceps. A double-headed muscle.

Bicolor. ‘Two-colored.

Bicuspid. With 2 points.

Brachial veins. Veins carrying the blood from the fore limb to the sinous
venosus,

Branchie. The gills or respiratory organs of most salamanders and young
amphibians.

Bridge. Junction of the carapace, at the sides, with the plastron, in turtles.

Buccal. Relating to the mouth.

Bulbus aorte. A ramification of the conus arteriosus.

Caducous. Soon falling off.

Cecal. Of blind sack-like form.

Cecum. Blind sack-like appendage connected with alimentary canal at pos-
terior end of stomach.

Calcaneum. Outer tarsal bone.

Calcar. Spur on inner hind edge of foot.

Canines. Any conical teeth in jaws longer or larger than the others.

Capitular. In form of a small round body like the head of a rib.

Carapace. Upper shell of a turtle, usually composed of bony plates covered
with horny scales.

Cardiac vein. Vein from the heart to the abdominal vein.

Cardiform teeth. Coarse and sharp teeth, like wool cards.

Carinate. Keeled, usually with reference to a ridge along median line.

Carotid artery. A division of the carotid trunk.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 353

Carotid trunk. Ramification anteriorly of the bulbus aortz.

Carpals. Wrist-bones.

Carpus. The wrist.

Caudal fin. Fin at or on the tail.

Cavernous. Containing cavities, either empty or filled with mucous.

Centralia. Middle row of carpal and tarsal bones.

Centrum. Body of a vertebra.

Ceratohyal. Median segment of the hyoid cornu.

Cerebellum. The epencephalon. Anteriorly part of and derived from hind
brain.

Cervical. With reference to the neck.

Cervical vertebre. Vertebra or vertebre of the neck.

Chiasma. Crossing of the optic nerve fibers.

Chin. Space at front of lower jaw.

Choana. An opening into a funnel-like cavity, like one between nasal pas-
sages and pharynx.

Choroid. The second coat of the eye lining the sclerotic.

Choroid plexus. Thickened vascular regions of the pia mater in contact with
the thin epithelial roofs of the diencephalon.

Ciliary muscle. Unstriped muscular fibres of the ciliary processes.

Ciliary processes. Radiating folds at anterior or outer portion of the choroid,
where joining the iris.

Cirrt, Fringes.

Clavicle. Collar-bone, or lower anterior part of shoulder-girdle, not entering
arm-socket.

Cleithrum. A bone on each side of interclavicle.

Cloaca. Opening of ailimentary, urinary and genital canals.

Cochlea. A posterior blind pouch of the sacculus.

Columella. Cartilage bone attached to the stapes.

Commisure. Line between two plates or scales.

Compressed. Flattened laterally.

Condyle,. Articulating surface of a bone.

“Conus arteriosus. Main ramification of the heart below, or a fourth chamber
of the heart in front of the ventricle.

Coracoid. Cartilage or bone on ventral side forming part of arm-socket.

Cornea. A transparent membrane on the outer or exposed portion of the
eye replacing the sclerotic.

Cornua. Slender rods of the hyhoid apparatus.

Corpora striata. Floor of fore brain.

Cortex. A thin superficial layer of gray matter in the hemispheres and cere-

bellum.
Costal folds. Plications or grooves showing position of coste, or ribs, in
salamanders.

Costal plates. Immovable ribs forming greater portion of the roof of the
carapace in turtles.

Costal shields. A series of about four plates or shields along side of carapace
between the vertebral and marginals, in turtles.

Costiform. Rib-like.

Cranial. Relating to the skull.

23 MU

354 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Criste acustice. Sensory cells produced into hair-like processes in the organ
of hearing.

Crura cerebri. ‘The thickened ventral wall of the mid-brain in the form of two
longitudinal bands.

Cuneate. Wedge-shaped.

Cutaneous artery. A division of the pulmo-cutaneous trunk to the skin.

Deciduous. Falling off, or temporary.

Dentary. Principal bone in front of lower jaw usually bearing teeth.

Dentate. With tooth-like notches.

Depressed. Flattened vertically.

Depressor. A muscle that lowers.

Depth. Usually vertical diameter of body.

Dermal, Relating to the skin.

Diacele. ‘Third ventricle of the brain.

Diaphanous. ‘Translucent.

Diaphragm. Muscular septum between thorax and abdomen.

Diapophysis. ‘Transverse process of a vertebra.

Diencephalon. WPosterior portion of the fore brain.

Digitigrade. Walking on toes.

Distal. Remote from point of attachment.

Distalia. ‘Third row of carpal and tarsal bones.

Dorsal. Relating to the back.

Dorsal aorta. Formed by the systemic trunks curving around and above the
gullet, and uniting.

Duodenum. First portion of the intestine.

Dura mater. Tough membrane lining the cerebro-spinal cavity.

Ecdysis. Casting and renewal of the outer layers of the horny epidermis in
reptiles.

Ectopterygoid. Pterygoid bone.

Efferent. Conducing outward. Said of veins as they carry out non-aérated
blue blood.

Elevator. A muscle that raises.

Emarginate. Slightly forked or notched.

Endolymph. A fluid filling the organ of hearing.

Endolymphatic duct. A narrow tube from the inner face of the sacculus.

Endoskeleton. Skeleton proper, or inner bony frame-work of the body.

Enteron. Alimentary canal.

Entoplastron. Median anterior bony plate of the plastron behind the epipastra
and in front of the hypoplastra, in turtles.

Epencephalon. Cerebellum.

Ependyme. Purely non-nervous epithelial layer as that of the floor of the
medulla oblongata.

Epicale. Cerebellar ventricle of the brain.

Epicoracoid. Bones or cartilages connecting coracoid and precoracoid ven-
trally.

Epidermis. Outer or epithelial layer of the skin.

Epignathous. Upper jaw hooked over tip of lower.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 355

Epiotic. A bone on side skull, forming roof of each auditory capsule.

Epiphysis, The original narrow hollow outgrowth of the pineal apparatus.

Epiplastra. First pair of median bones of the plastron, in turtles.

Epipterygoid. A slender rod of bone extending down nearly vertically from
prootic to pterygoid, in some lizards.

Episternum. Bony rod passing from anterior ends of united epicoracoids.

Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected.

Ethmoid. A median bone in front of skull.

Eustachian tubes. Short tube connecting the mouth and tympanic cavity.

Exoccipitals. ‘Two bones in the back of the skull, one on each side of the
foramen magnum.

Exoskeleton. Outer skeleton, or such hard parts on the surface of the body
as scutes, scales, etc.

Exserted. Projecting beyond the general level.

Extensor. A muscle that straightens.

Extensores dorsi. Wongitudinal or oblique band-like muscles along the back.

Extralimital. Beyond the limits.

Facial. Relating to the face.

Facial nerves. Seventh pair of cranial nerves, supplying the palatine, by
mandibular and opthalmic nerves.

Falcate. Sickle-shaped.

Falciform. Curved like a sickle.

Fauna. Animals inhabiting any region considered collectively.

Femoral. Relating to the femur, or proximal bone of the hind limb.

Femoral pores. A series of pores on inferior femoral region in most lizards.

Femoral shields. A pair of shields just before the anal pair on the plastron
of turtles.

Femoral veins. Veins carrying blood from front of hind leg, which rami-
fies into the renal portal veins and the pelvic veins.

Femur. ‘Thigh bone of the hind limb.

Fenestra-ovalis, An aperture of the prootic.

Fibula. Smaller outer bone of hind limb.

Filament. A slender thread-like structure.

Filiform. 'Thread-form.

Flexor. A muscle that bends.

Fontanel. An unossified space on top of head covered with membrane.

Foramen. A hole or opening.

Foramen of Monro. A narrow passage connecting the paracoele and diacoele.

Forehead. Frontal curve of head.

Forficate. Scissors-like.

Fosse. Usually grooves in which the nostrils open.

Fossorial. Adapted for digging.

Frontal bone. Front bone on top of head, usually paired.

Frontal plate. Usually a single large scaly plate on top of head between eyes,
on some serpents.

_Frontoparietal plates. A pair of scaly plates, behind the frontal, in lizards.

Fusiform. Spindle-shaped, or tapering at both ends.

356 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE: MUSEUM.

Gall-bladder. A membraneous sac for temporary retention of the bile at lower
edge of the liver.

Ganglion. A nerve center.

Gape. Opening of mouth.

Gastrocnemius. Muscle in the calf of the leg.

Gental plates. Usually two pairs, anterior and posterior, between mandibular
labials, in serpents,

Gills. Organs for breathing air in water. Branchiz.

Glabrous, Smooth.

Glenoid cavity. Surface for articulation of fore-limb on shoulder-girdle.

Glomerulus. A bunch of looped capillaries formed by the breaking up of
each minute afferent artery from the renal arteries.

Glossohyal. ‘Tongue-bone.

Glossopharyngeal nerves. Ninth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the
pharynx.

Glottis. Narrow slit-like communication between the mouth and the lungs.

Gonads. Reproductive organs.

Graduated. Progressing or decreasing in length, usually with reference to
spines or rays in series.

Granulate. Finely roughened.

Gular. Relating to upper foreneck.

Gular shields. Usually the first pair of shields on the plastron of turtles.

Gullet. Csophagus, or the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the
stomach.

Hemal arch. Bony arch formed from lower part of the centrum.

Hallux. ‘The large toe.

Height. Vertical diameter.

Hepatic portal vein. Vein carrying blood from the stomach, intestine, spleen
and pancreas to the abdominal vein.

Humeral shields. The second pair of shields on the plastron of turtles, or
those just before the bridge.

Humerus. The proximal bone of the fore limb.

Hyoid. Relating to the tongue.

Hyoid apparatus. Series of bones inside lower jaw supporting the tongue.

Hyomandibular. A bone by which the posterior end of the suspensorium
articulates with the skull; the supporting element of the suspensorium,
mandible, hyoid and opercular bones.

Hyoplastra. First pair of large median bones of plastron, forming front of
the bridge, in turtles.

Hypercoracoid. Upper of two bones attached to the clavicle.

Hypocoracoid. Tower of two bones attached to clavicle behind.

Hypoglossal nerves. ‘Twelfth pair of cranial nerves, supplying muscles of the
tongue and certain neck muscles.

Hypophysis. Pituitary body.

Hypoplastra. Second pair of large median bones of plastron, forming hind
part of bridge.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 357

Ilium. Anterior dorsal pelvic bone.

Imbricate. Overlapping.

Imperforate. Not pierced through.

Inarticulate. Not jointed.

Incisors. Front cutting teeth.

Infralabial plates. Under scaly labial plates, or those below mandibular
labials, in lizards.

Inframarginal shields. ‘The first and last shields of the bridge, on the plastron
of turtles.

Infraoral. Below mouth.

Infundibulum. A funnel-like prolongation from the floor of the diencephalon.

Inscriptiones tendinee. ‘Transverse bands of fibrous tissue traversing at in-
tervals the extensores dorsi and rectus abdominis muscles.

Interclavicle. A median ventral membrane bone connected on each side with
clavicle, extending backwards ventral to sternum.

Interfrontonasal plate. A scaly plate in lizards, between the internasals and
prefrontals.

Intergular shield. Usually the first, a single shield, at the front of the plas-
tron of turtles.

Intermedium. Carpal bone between end of ulna and radius, and tarsal bone
between end of tibia and fibula.

Internasal plates. A pair of scaly plates behind the rostral and between the
nasals, in lizards and snakes.

Interorbital. Between eyes.

Interparietal plates. A narrow scaly plate separating the parietals in lizards.

Interposition. Placed between.

Iris. A circular pigmented membrane placed behind the cornea and presenting
the characteristic color of the eye.

Ischium. Posterior dorsal pelvic bone.

Iter. Aqueduct of Sylvius, or median portion of the mesoccele.

Jacobson’s organ. An offshoot from the olfactory organ, opening into the
mouth.

Jugal. A bone of the zygomatic arch. Malar bone.

Jugular. Relating to the lower throat.

Jugular veins. Veins on the sides of the head carrying the blood to the pre-
caval vein.

Keeled. Furnished with a ridge along the median line.
Kidney. A massive gland of deep red color, secreting the urine.

Labials. Plates along each lip in serpents.

Lachrymal. Preorbital bone.

Lacustrine. Living in lakes.

Lamelle, Plate-like processes.

Lamina. Plate. Bony roof of the neural canal.

Lamina terminalis. Thin front wall of the diencephalon.

Larva, An immature form which must undergo change of appearance before
becoming adult.

-358 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Laterally. Sidewise. .

Lens. Concentric layers of fibres in close contact with and immediately behind
the iris.

Linea alba. A longitudinal band of tendon uniting right and left rectus
muscles.

Lingual artery. A division of the carotid trunk.

Liver. A large organ of the alimentary canal near the thorax secreting the
digestive juice or bile.

Loreal plate. Scaly plate just before eye in lizards, and in same place, though
with preoculars between, in snakes,

Lunate. Form of new moon or crescent-shaped.

Lymph. Fluid contained within the lymph-vessels, as blood without red cor-
puscles.

Lymph hearts. Two pairs of muscular dilatations in the course of certain
vessels pumping lymph.into the viens, one beneath the supra-scapule
and the other beside the posterior end of the urostyle.

Macule acustice. Sensory cells produced into hair-like processes in the
organ of hearing.

Malpighian capsule. Blind or globular dilatation of each urinary capsule.

Mandible. Lower jaw.

Marginal plates. Bony plates along the edges of the costal plates in turtles.

Maxilla. Upper jaw.

Maxillary. Bone in each side of upper jaw following maxillary.

Meckel’s cartilage. ‘The core of the mandible.

Medula oblongata. Metencephalon.

Medullary groove. A dorsal groove of the embryo, which unites and encloses
a tube, to form the nervous system.

Membranous labyrinth. The auditory organ.

Mental plate. First plate at tip of mandible in lizards.

Mento-meckelian. Distal end of mandibular cartilage.

Mesencephalon. Mid-brain.

Mesentery. Folds of the peritoneum supporting the stomach, intestine, liver,
pancreas, spleen, etc.

Mesethmoid. Ethmoid.

Mesocele. Mid-ventricle of the brain.

Mesonephros. The mid-kidney.

Mesoplastron. Bone on side of plastron between hyo- and hypoplastron, in
fossil turtles.

Metacarpus. The hand, without the fingers. The metacarpals.

Metacele. Fourth ventricle of the brain.

Metamorphosis. A change from one form to another.

Metanephric duct. A diverticulum given off from the posterior end of the
Wolffian duct and connecting with the metanephros.

Metanephros. The hind or permanent kidney.

Metatarsus. ‘The foot, without the toes. Metatarsals.

Metencephalon. Medulla oblongata, or posterior derivation of the hind brain.

Minimus. Fifth digit of each limb.

Muciferous. Producing or containing mucous.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 350

Mullerian duct. A longitudinal division of the archinephric duct opening into
the ccelome near the vanishing pronephros.

Musculo-cutaneous veins. . Veins carrying the blood from the skin and muscles
on the side and back, and part of the head, to the brachial veins.

Nape. Neck above, next to the occiput.

Nares. Nostrils.

Nasal bone. Pair of bones of the nose in front of the frontals.

Nasal plates. Scaly plate, or plates, in which the nostril is placed, or placed
between, in lizards and snakes.

Neural arch.’ Bony arch formed from upper part of the centrum.

Neural plates. Flattened neural spines forming median bony framework of
the carapace in turtles.

Neural spine. Uppermost spine of a vertebra.

Nictitating membrane, Third.or inner eyelid.

Notocord. A cellular cord, preceding the vertebral column, in the embryo.

Nuchal shield. The most anterior of the median marginal shields on the cara-
pace of turtles.

Obliquus externus. A layer of oblique muscular fibres extending from the
vertebral column to the recti.

Occipital. Relating to the occiput.

Occipital plates. A pair of narrow plates behind the parietals in lizards and
serpents.

Occiput. Back of head above.

Ocellate. Eye-like, usually roundish. with a lighter or darker border.

Oculomotor nerves. ‘Third pair of cranial nerves, supplying muscles of the
eyes.

Oid. Like, as a suffix, such as.

Olfactory capsules. Front region of skull on each side of the brain-case.

Olfactory nerves. First pair of cranial nerves, supplying the organ of smell.

Omosternum. Plate of cartilage at end of episternum.

Opisthocelian. Concave behind only, usually referring to ball-and-socket-
jointed vertebre.

Opisthotic. Bone of skull to which lower limb of post-temporal usually
articulates.

Optic lobes. Paired oval swellings from the dorsal wall of the mid-brain.

Optic nerves. Second pair of cranial nerves, supplying the organ of sight.

Optic thalmi. ‘The thickened sides forming paired masses to the diencephalon.

Optocele. Ventricle of the optic lobe.

Ora serrata. A very delicate membrane over the ciliary processes and the
posterior face of the iris.

Orbicular. Nearly circular.

Orbit. Eye-socket. ;

Orbitosphenoids. Paired bones at presphenoid, forming side walls to the inter-
orbital regions.

_Osteology. Study of bones.

Otic process. A proximal fork of the suspensorium fusing with the auditory
region of the cranium:

Oviparous. Producing eggs developed after exclusion from the body.

360 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Ovoviviparous. Producing eggs hatched before exclusion from the body.
Ovum. Egg.

Palate. Roof of mouth.

Palatines. A pair of membrane bones on roof of mouth, one on each side
of vomer.

Pallium. Roog of the fore brain.

Palustrine. Living in swamps.

Pancreas, An irregular gland, usually surrounding the bile-duct, into which
it pours its secretion.

Papilla. A small fleshy projection.

Paracele. A cavity in each cerebral hemisphere.

Paradiapophyses. Rudimentary transverse processes on vertebre of turtles.

Paraphysis. An outgrowth of the roof of the fore brain developed in front
of the epiphysis in the hinder region of the prosencephalon.

Parapineal eye. A second eye-like body or diverticulum of the epiphysis.

Parasphenoid. Bone on roof of mouth following vomer.

Parencephala, Cerebral hemispheres.

Parietal. Bone on side of head above.

Parietal plates. In snakes, usually pair of large scaly plates behind the
frontal. In lizards, separated from the frontal by the front parietals.

Parotid. A gland or swelling behind eye in toads.

Pectinate. ‘Toothed like a comb.

Pectoral. Relating to the breast.

Pectoralis. ‘The principal muscle of the chest.

Pectoral shields. Usually first pair of large shields on the carapace of turtles,
or those joining with the front of the bridge.

Pedicie. Upper lateral process of centrum. A proximal fork of the suspen-
sorium fusing with the trabecular region of the cranium.

Pelvic girdle. Bones supporting hind limbs.

Pelvic vein. Vein extending from the femoral vein to the abdominal vein.

Pelvis. Bones to which hind limbs are attached.

Pentadactyle. Five-toed.

Perforate. Pierced through.

Pericardium. Cavity in which the heart is placed.

Peritoneum. Membrane lining abdominal cavity.

Phalanges. Bones of the fingers and toes.

Pharynx. Posterior, or branchial cavity, of the head.

Pia mater. A delicate membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.

Pigment. Coloring matter.

Pineal apparatus. A peculiar adjunct to the roof of the diencephalon.

Pineal body. Usually the epiphysis represented as a gland-like structure,
connected with the roof of the diencephalon by a hollow or solid stalk.
In other words, a small ganglion in the brain, a rudiment of an optic
lobe connected with a third or median eye.

Pineal eye. ‘The eye-like body or diverticulum of the epiphysis. Pineal
body.

Pituitary body. A pouch formed in roof of the buccal cavity of the embryo,
the pituitary diverticulum, growing upwards loses its connection with

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 361

the mouth and becomes attached to the ventral surface of the brain.
The dilated end of this diverticulum and the end of the infundibulum
form the gland-like pituitary body.

Planta. Sole of foot.

Plantigrade. Walking on the soles of the feet.

Plastron. Lower shell of a turtle.

Pleurodont. ‘Teeth fixed by their bases to lateral surface of ridge of jaw.

Plicate. Folded so as to show transverse folds or wrinkles.

Plumbeous. Lead-colored or dull bluish-gray.

Pollex. ‘Thumb.

Post-caval vein. A large dorsal vein connecting the hepatic veins with the
renal veins.

Postfrontal plates. Parietal plates, on serpents.

Postmental plate. Second scaly plate at end of mandible in lizards.

Postocular plate. One or two scaly shields behind eye, in serpents.

Postorbital: Behind eye. Postocular.

Postorbital plates. Postoculars. One or more scaly plates behind the eye,
before the temporals, in snakes.

Post-temporal plates. One or more scaly shields, comprising third row, be-
hind eye.

Preanal plates. A single or divided scaly plate, before the vent in lizards
and snakes,

Precaval veins. Ramifications of the sinous venosus which ramify into the
jugular and brachial veins.

Precoracoid. Portion of coracoid more or less separated from rest.

Prefrontal plates. A pair of plates just before the frontal, in lizards and
snakes.

Preloreal plate. First of scaly loreal plates, in lizards.

Premaxillary. Front bone of the upper jaw.

Preocular. Before eye.

Preocular plates. Preorbital plates.

Preorbital plates, Preoculars. One or more scaly plates before the eye, in
serpents.

Presphenoid. A median continuation forwards of the basisphenoid.

Procelian. Concave in front only.

Projectile. Capable of being thrust forward.

Pronephros. ‘The fore kidney, usually deciduous.

Prootic. Bone forming front side of brain-case.

Prosencephalon. Anterior portion of the fore brain.

Prosocele. Fore ventricle of the brain.

Protractile. Capable of being drawn forward.

Proximal. Nearest.

Pierotic. Bone at side process back on skull.

Pterygoids. Bones on roof of mouth behind palatines.

Pubic bones. Lower pelvic bones.

Pulmo cutaneous trunk. Outer or posterior ramification of the bulbous aorte.

Pulmonary. Relating to lungs.

Pulmonary artery. A division of the pulmo-cutaneous trunk to the lung.

362 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Pulmonary veins. Veins carrying purified blood from the lungs to the left
auricle.

Pupil. A slit-like perforation in the middle of the iris.

Pygal plate. Posterior neural plate of a turtle’s carapace.

Quadrate. Bone of suspensorium to which mandible is hinged.

Quadratojugal. Posterior bone of upper jaw, behind maxillary, and con-
necting with quadrate.

Quincunx. Set of 5 arranged ::-:

Radiale. Carpal bone at end of radius.

Radius, Outer smaller bone of fore limb.

Ranoid. Frog-like, ete.

Ray. Cartilaginous rod supportiing membrane of a fin.

Rectum. Last portion of the intestine.

Rectus abdominis. A paired ventral band of muscles.

Recurved. Curved upward.

Renal portal vems. Veins extending from the femoral veins to the kidneys.

Reticulate. Marked like a network.

Retina. The delicate transparent innermost membrane lining the choroid.

Retractile. Capable of being drawh in.

Retrorse. ‘Turned backward.

Rhinencephalon. ‘The olfactory lobe, a prolongation of each hemisphhere of
the brain.

Rhinocele. ‘The olfactory ventricle.

Rictal. Relating to the rictus.

Rictus. Corner or gape of mouth.

Rostral. Relating to the snout.

Rostral plate. Scaly plate at tip of snout in front, in lizards and snakes.

Rudimentary. Undeveloped.

Rugose. Rough with wrinkles.

Sacculus. Ventral compartment of the organ of hearing.

Sacral. Relating to the sacrum.

Sacral vertebre. Vertebre of the tail.

Scapula. Shoulder-blade.

Scapular arch. Shoulder-girdle.

Schneiderian membrane. ‘The olfactory mucous membrane.

Sciatic vein. A vein extending from the back of the hind leg to the renal
portal vein.

Sclerotic. The optic capsule.

Scute. External bony or horny plate.

Semicircular canals. ‘Tubes, usually three, in the dorsal compartment of the
organ of hearing.

Septum. A thin partition.

Septum auricularum. Partition separating the auricles.

Serrate. Notched like a saw.

Sessile. Without a stem.

Setaceous. Bristly.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 363

Setiform. Bristle-like.

Shaft. Stiff axis.

Shoulder-girdle. Bony ‘girdle back of head forming attachment to front
limbs.

Sigmoid. Curved like the letter S.

Sinus venosus. Main ramification of the heart above.

Spatulate. Spoon-shaped.

Sphenethmoid. Bone at front of auditory capsule.

Sphenoid. Basal bone of skull.

Sphenotic. Side bone of skull.

Spine. A sharp projecting point.

Spiracles, Openings in head and neck as in some amphibians.

Spleen. A small red globular body.

Squamosal. Bone supporting the suspensorium.

Stapes. A nodule of cartilage in the fenestra ovalis.

Stellate. Star-like, or with radiating ridges.

Sternum. Bone passing back from the epicoracoids.

Striate. Striped or streaked.

Sub. Part, less than, not quite, under, somewhat, etc.

Subcaudal. Under the tail.

Suborbital. Below the eye.

Subulate. Awl-shaped.

Suffrago, Heel joint, that of tibia and tarsus.

Superciliary, Relating to above the eyebrow.

Superciliary plates. A series of small scaly plates, over the eyes of lizards.

Supracaudal shields. Vast pair of median marginal shields on the carapace of
turtles.

Supraoccipital. Bone forming upper back roof to skull.

Supraocular plates. Scaly plates on each side of frontal over the eyes of
lizards and snakes. Sometimes called superciliary plates.

Supraoral, Above the mouth.

Supraorbital. Above the eye.

Supraorbital plates. Supraocular plates, or those above the eye.

Suprascapula. Bone above scapula.

Suspensorium. Posterior region of the palato-quadrate bone.

Suspensory ligament. Attachment of the lens to the ciliary processes.

Suture. Line of union of two bones.

Symphyseal plate. Scaly plate at tip of the mandible in serpents.

Symphysis. Point of junction of two parts, of lower jaw as tip of chin.

Synonym, A different name with the same or similar meaning.

Synonymy. <A collection of different names for the same group, species or
thing.

Systemic trunk, Aortic arch. Ramification medianly of the bulbous aorte.

Tail. Part of body posterior to vent.
Tarsals. Ankle-bones.

Tarsus, Ankle-bones collectively.
Temporal. Relating to the temples.

364. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Temporal shields, One or more plates on side of head in some snakes just
after the postorbitals.

Tendon. Strong fibrous tissue serving to fix a muscle to the bones upon which
it acts.

Terete. Cylindrical and tapering.

Terminal. At the end.

Tesséllated. Marked with little checks or squares, like mosaic work.

Thoracic. Relating to the chest.

Thymus glands. Small paired organs behind and below the tympanic mem-
brane in the pharynx.

Thyroid glands. Small paired organs lying below the floor of the mouth, in
in front of the glottis, in the pharynx.

Tibia. Skin bone, or inner bone between the heel and the knee.

Transverse process. Vateral process of the neural canal.

Trenchant. Compressed to a sharp edge.

Trigeminal nerves. Fifth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the ophthalmic,
mandibular, maxillary and gustatory nerves.

Trochlear nerves. Fourth pair of cranial nerves, supplying only the superior
oblique muscle of the eye.

Truncate. Abrupt, as if cut off square.

Tubercle. A small excresence like a pimple.

Tympanum, Ear-drum, external in some amphibians.

Type. (Of the genus.) A species on which a genus is based.

Type. (Of the species.) A particular specimen on which the original specific
description was based.

Type locality. ‘The particular place or locality where the type specimen was
found.

Typicai.. Of a structure most usual in a given group.

Ulna. Inner bone of forearm.

Ulnare. Carpal bone at end of ulna.

Ultimate. Last or farthest.

Uncinate. A flattened curved cartilage to each rib posteriorly in lizards.

Unguiculate. Furnished with claws.

Unicolor. Of a single color.

Urinary bladder, A dilatation of the ureter serving as a receptacle for the
urine.

Urinary tubules. Convoluted substances forming the kidney.

Urosteges. Plates on lower surface of tail in serpents. Post-ventral plates.

Urostyle. Slender bony rod in pelvic-girdle following vertebre.

Utriculus. An irregular chamber in the dorsal compartment of the organ
of hearing.

Vagus nerves. Pneumogastric or tenth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the
cardiac, gastric, lateral, pulmonary and laryngeal nerves.

Vasa defferentia. ‘'Tubles connecting the testes with the Wolffian bodies
through which the reproductive products are discharged.

Vent. Anus.

Ventral. Relating to the abdomen.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 365

Ventral aorta. A large thick-walled elastic blood-vessel originating in the

bulbous aorte. .
Ventral plates. Gastrosteges. A row of shields along belly between throat
and vent.

Ventricle. One of the thick-walled chambers of the heart.

Ventricles. Brain chambers.

Versatile. Capable of being turned either way.

Vertebra. One of the spinal column bones.

Vertebral shields. Median series of shields on the carapace of turtles.

Vertical. Up and down.

Vertical plate. Frontal plate on top of head in lizards and snakes.

Vesical vein. Vein from the urinary bladder to the abdominal vein.

Vestibule. ‘Tht utriculus and sacculus when spoken of together. \

Villiform. Usually of slender crowded teeth in velvety bands.

Viscous. Slimy.

Vitreous humor. A gelatinous substance filling the posterior chamber of
the eye.

Viviparous. Bringing forth living young.

Vocal vesicle. A loose fold of skin at angle of the mouth in some male
frogs. This can be inflated at will to a spherical form during croak-
ing. In the toads the throat simply swells out and retracts as the
croaking is emitted.

Vomer. Paired or single bone on roof of mouth in front.

Web. Membrane connecting digits,
W oliian body. ‘The mesonephros, or permanent kidney.

Xiphiplastra. Last pair of large median bones forming plastron.
Xiphisternum. Cartilaginous plate at tip of sternum.

Zygapophyses. Points of bone affording more or less definite articulation to
the vertebre.

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Index to

Technical Names.

A

PaG’

abbotti, Notropis chalybeus,.......... 123

Abramis crysoleucas roseus,........... 271

Acantharchus POMOtiS,, ;..2/\- sielepsle ers «v- gir

PNGIDCUSEEIGEO sie apeiciel ars sie vee ce vayenctia ehone os Ove 263

PNCINOUSCTASEUTION to:c le: 2,+1015, arsvabere eeckehorate me 263

NCURSES Me Tera cies! syelevepet ma emene 97, 99

GEV MUS megs ty seorerese ie raiacenctsfave 103, 107

gryllus crepitans,...99, 100, 103, 119

zeglefinus, Melanogrammus,............ 346

zneus, Myxoxocephalus, ............. 337

EESbivddSee GOMIDELS vactarste le « Setcieipecuaiete eici« 163

Cyclophistecss vcr ac ecnticnocieveres 163

WFepto plas e totrcrieysepsusienaereuis 163

Opheodnysy 35 -et-veaeus sce 162, 163

PNET CELLU AEA om sree « cv) ous) eHeraa 6csle lest 3 201

PNAS EEOC OTs Kevatete eels ckanewhenencinte e8ea/lase 188

COMtOnbUI Ss racers IQI

Contortrix,, ees - 16S. 5Oo. 101

alba-cattda,, E}CHENeISy cic c «ele ess ee 338

PIDAGOLA amealepere al ele riiorstain is cieierar crests 2O2s) 208

EH YASS (ajc) ete speist sailstcss bst2O25, 203

alleganiensis, Cryptobranchus,......... 37

alleghaniensis, Menopoma, ........... 38
INIBOS. 5.6 oo DEO COU GOCE an TOore 303°

PAT OSA) SADIGISSIMMAs <6.) sais ieuc ese ae 46.0 4040 265

APIS se SALVELUMUS 4 scr cisievereis evelere eleneiene 350

AMliiterae schoephis Mtetiscse cst ccche.s-e.3 334, 335

amzna, Carphophiops, ..... wEeiavecckel nee 184

Ames, Brachworrhosy «ci. ace. +> -- 147

CarpHophiopsy .s-eeenaea 146, 147

Coluber ta serie eo wees os 147

ENT DUVSEOMas DIGOLOLY sei aelentisin eisie systese 46

COUSPETSUMs we ciee vei ec elers 44

jeffersonianum, .......... 51

OiiENe bial om Here Haasontoce 41

(DekeCaibbo Sloss OOOO OEIC 44

Wbeag bebe) Gee panos Gbtice 5 50

Ambystoma, ...... SHIRA ere PRES Silo 38

l(a} (oh aeDOeD eo OU dae 39, 44, 46

CONSPELSum, oo lacie sere -39, 44

jeffersonianum,...... 305) 505) 55

ODAGCUIMA teteriereterenerae ns -38, 39, 41

PUMCEARUO mi < elal «lane 39, 42, 43

intaptel thal Aang on cates 39, 47, 50

AmipyStOmati dees: ces. stchercyteyetersreeiters © 36, 38

SASITELUINUISS: <0) ete etafo: nisi visveiol chevobe tere Lah ects ai: 2890

TACuStriShy s\occaasecte tre ee: 349

natalis prosthistius,......... 278

TICDULIOSUSH sororerisictert eres ie . 278

PAGE
AMErICan a NIOLOME seaiete ties © yar 315
AMeTICATINS . 1b ULOsmeeyecni se) eee non 92
Bufo lentiginosus, ....... QI
SOX yp ssacnstece buss (tha ee Sree 280
amocna, |\Carphopbhiopsss-. coherence 147
Amiphibia,. a. ec reece eer 35
Amyda. mitttica amore iar ete ete 209
analostanus, Notropis,....272, 273, 275, 314
Anchovia, DLowsligeeinaaee eee 267
duodecimien meter pices 268
eurystole}s seer oer ae 267
mitchilly cpap etek isc 267
andersond, (clylas) sc seier serrate eee 112
andersonil, Hivlasx.sceeee: 34, 104, 108, III
Anselichthiys iciliatis wre =a aera 330
PAmotillay chrisyipayw arctic rare 268
anoplos, Wpsilonphorus; scene eee 342
annilaris ss OmOxis.= ae ee ec eere 350
PATICENTIATILOES sore nye eee Re 348
‘Apeltes quadracus)s 2.2 eee eeeeneeee 290
Anhredodénids) ic civ ee ie ee 310
Aphredoderus sayanuss eis ocieeeen: 310
Archosargus probatocephalus, ......... 320
Arciferay 25 Saieysytss cakeietete S chlohsbenetet actors 85
aSCiatis- sO Macant it Smee eee 330
Aromochely sy, ay.crei-tter tence aera 226
Odoratay sarinacomciisieuceee 226
ASPIdOneEctess yore creates ieee ere relerenene 211
Spinifer,...210,, 20b, 212. 213
AStrOoSCOpi Gaertn. chert ey aan eieterete 341
Astroscopusieuttatusy ijn cie ce sels cereals 341
Ve O Le Cumann te 341, 342
Atherinids dia fic Sesiesatotecets accob eter: 288
ablanticussmlanponhere emer eeiaa cia ae 264
atra; ‘Carettarececacmeritetteuaia «ater 200
Chelotitay.2 Weseecchebe roc) areterentere 209
atromaculatus,. Semotilus, ............ 269
atronasus) hiniehbiysgi ni -isipeitern 275
Elbbelyb AD PIGHSINES, Goanacandecncouoc code 317
aUritus, Wyepomisy pec seiecnteresisere ie 275
B
Bairdiellanchinysuray. seein oe 322, 323, 324
Balistesweatolimensisarsmi ccs. 331, 332
Balistidassratcns siictoeerciteets eee aces as 331
barracudaresphyrcenawr nites ssn 0 sete 289
IBASGantonaermemtsaiae seo ate oie cave 145, 167
CONSEMCLOL 15). 2-1-1 167, 168, 169

v

368 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAG
iBatrachoididae i cee meine ace 343
berydlina) cerea; (Mienidia)) s).20- asece: 288
bicolor; eAmblystomay irises chet srereate te 46
HAmbyStomlarsecc. (acs creve 39, 44, 46
bifrenatus,, Notropis,... $2. J< 271, 272.9273
DigtttataeH my Some coe ate 243
bis-lineatas ssalamand ras) 2.1 scl creel 66
bislineatanssdlamandtanm. ei sere ene 65, 66
bislineatus, Spelerpes,....63, 64, 66, 73, 78
bispinosus, Gasterosteus, ............+. 290
blandinei se mydoidea, 2 cis. sclera eine 247
IBikahebliial 8 aa an acta icc mou h cnko Dict snten 343
Blenniissiucortimy essere sever ele eyeolats 343
Blepharichthys) erinitiss Gece hs cece. cle 304
IBIS ORIES Deny occ Boe Sb Ok miodaae 301, 303
CHINIEIS: UH eto oe 301
boiguira, \Crotalus; fesse shebenet ne 193
Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi,........... 314
DOnAsuiSweRhinOpteras wre maletierirrrt 263
DOSCH We GOD1OSOMa, ye pete ie cee ei eicieiciene 337
boscis Werrapenes spices ae see Auer 226
Brachyorrhos améents) nce iss eee air 147
IBTAMAMerYSOLEUCASh Wei letasitete(s atts 269, 275
WETSICOlOn. mie 271
brasiliensis, Hemiramphus,........ 286, 288
Brevoortiamtyranmusy tls: crer tate teereteve 266
brown, Anchoviascceeincoee ieee om oe 267
BULL OSS eicceieree Ri wee eos etetehe Rie enssa ein ote 85
AMErICANUS;- < ccc, eevee ieleicte rete 92
lenticinOSUS; cues eels steele 85, 87, 91
AMEerICATIUS ee er-lelolot QI
TMMUSICUS fra noo ate ePerorere oO he mipisista ote 92
Birhowidse). ec ae a hekteray che rotate ei cette 85
bDillaniss Semotilusa pm. iets aera letter 268
Cc
Calemys muhlenbereti; A .1- mete sys 243
Callanias Gadus seer cee Greiner 344
Galllopeltisy eit vente Seaieyeiseie aie cieiere 144, 152
ObsOletusM rere eect TS2 58
GONMIUS; oeleiclese eke 154
Calopeltis tobsoletus; feicecmerr oe vectnret 155
canadus, sRachycentrontes..-)ci trie 307
Canis wGynais. acim Meeisrta silo tens 254, 255
Caran eid ees areven taco cisisucneletiove: oferta 208
Carcharhinus mailbertiypyrscietriere sere 256
ODSCMEUSMreexe icieleeehenetarts 256
Carchariasmittoralissme rite ert 254
Carchariide’ tarentosoac eee ear iciek: erence 254
Carettawi.rciswiewmicrceis sestietonete 206, 207, 219
AEs Mo G po dogo oon OS dO GC coc ehax)
(KAHL, “Gatnoocogjcuvodddd 207, 208
Caretta, Canetiannets -tselrereatolr]eeuohers 207, 208
Cheloniahina secre cellars 209
Mestudoh ere roe eee eee 209
Mhalassocheliyisas mie cireeleletciaaae 209
GarolimassCistttday ye sc ee lelleri-lelelett 0250
(Cena, Souodbaoobadoovonde 250
Widiclanwetsrreienic clos sitter e A ioe
Mernapemenmtel-telistiernes airs eis 250
Siecle soganauacopaocpeoe ~ 250

PAGE

carolinensis) “Balistes; © se seiner 331, 332
carolinus,\drachinotus, jms eet 307
Carphophiops.. =. cine eee ieee 144, 146
AINE Tsyhstersis nueva terenees . 184

AMIZEMUS S| eee erence yeteteie yer 146, 147

amcenal eae ceisler Sete . 147

Gagpodacus punpureuss be eeeeoeee te - 108
Catanacte; Rhinichthiys: 7 einer 275
Gatesbeiana,) Raray caer /-)-)e er LL5 aro w ey
Gatesbianay IRania,!\siac cyeaiecuan cei eiee 130
Catostomatidae, ac tiej.0.0 2 acuehsiecie eee 5 270
CatOstomus! nigricans sel. see eee 276
Gaudisona horriday . 2s: eset eee 193
centrata concentrica, Malaclemys,...... 230
imiyssgetia iia a tbesiaelant neoprene 232
Malaclemmiyss 2)... 22. -rc ere 232
Matlaclemyss :ic24 since 230, 231
Centrolophidae weariness cieetrae eee 308
Centropristis! Stratus eda. crises cee 316
centroura,’ Dasybatus, shee 253, 261
Cestracion’ tiburos Ae. n ec setee oleeiaere 257
ZY LNs! ac bye tie scoters ee 257
Cestraciontiday ct. 5 nivatelstrs spre cite 257
Chetodiptentis tabers jee erie eerie 328
Chetodon jocellatuss meets dee 3290
Sterabss i lat: Sele -d when eet 330

chetodon, Mesogonistius, .....:.:..:. 123
Chetodontide; vt. oe Soca teta meee 329
chalybeus abbotti, Notropis,....... 123, 270
NOtrOpIS, Nanterre orto 273

CGheloniay os cece cyvelersie Gees ot eZOO OG eNO)
ALTO crapet crs (ave auehckalecalie taker orate 209

(Osh eH MS ooh OOM DROS woo 209

MYGASH eidicistoecss tae LO
Chelonitde,, 25. sas. 20s). Ane eeO Se OO
Chelonura Serpentina, <><. -trern 218
Chelopus; sco. isc iene = see 2 ONS Ome

PuUttatus jc SLEQ, 2s eeaae

239, 242, 244, 245

AHSCULpP TUS) Wesley aterm 239, 243
“mihlenbergi-ws..c)sicutertetesterere 243
muhlenbergii,....... 239, 240, 243
(nish phosscooduueadoeuouesoodben 215
SEDpemtia)ja cre tener 215, 217, 218
Olivahaktidees aga gadesnsaugomopeoctee, ZLu!
@horophulaste eerie reir sntierretenr 99
nkoakyRoSy Goaggoodeesaao! 99

chrisypay Amouillan @eretierelerketlteltekers 268
(Ginseng, aooosoooosonsepoc0oh6 228, 235

PICLA, leas 23,9 22s one

236, 237, 239, 246

Chrysops, Roecus, 26. ctr ne~ fi) oiler 0 2Se}
chrysopterus, Orthopristis, .........-. 317
chrysura, Bairdiella, .........322, 323, 324
ciliaris, Angelichthys, ...........-.-. 330
DEUS bsisicie) svete oryetely 304

cinerea, Salamandra, .......... 57, 58, 59
cinereus cinereus, Plethodon,........ 59
erythronotus, Plethodon,.... 59
Bkenaveyaleso, Aneesodaosdoatds 59
Plethodon cinereus, ......-- 59

INDEX TO TECHNICAL NAMES. 369

PAGE PAGE

Cinosternum pennsylvanicum, tus 223) (Cottiaiemertdionalisy |. tc ceietecieteeric oe 336
COREE, sot cogccoontenonr sos cOOeneo 250 crepitans, Acris gryllus,..99, 100, 103, 119
Canola swacretsyjsreuerers seeeeeees a58\ ctinitus; Blepharichthys; <...c0asscse 304
OU GHA LEM tet telcrcietarcrers ailere)e)sie\e< 226 Ble ariss | wi snata pate terenalettee 301
PETSVIVANICAy occ ciels + = oles - 223 (cromisyphoconiasani. «cer ascie de telecine 326
WistudoGarOlitiays cece se were ora == 250, ' \Crotalidssyy cyeyspyes veiecc's ol stehensiromere ys 144, 188
Clausa, seeeeee eres sees cree 250; -\Crotalusk (invacmetesticicie a cicleletrercloree 188, 191
Gékise Logodcocodcanpeunauener DOtquinay «ces. Sido anInO ROC 193
pensylvanica, .............. 223 GHETSEGS | eeedgage’ sends \.. 193
Veet, Shadwqoadoncneuuooe 250 oOLriduss wicetresecte I9I, 192, 193
Clamata RADA elele ee winse =e = 115, 131, 134 | crumenophthalmus, Trachurops, ...... 301
clamitans, Rana, .......---+++++++++ n34y | \Cryptobranchideueneneeeeeee aeeene 36
clausa, Cistudo, .......----.-.-20+5- 250) .Cryptobranichismmseaeenaee eerie 37
Sects of s) scents cis cPsetebeisteistelets 250 alleganiensis, ....... 37
(Clarmrawes "Se Os bbb cou Uo po caida 242 Crysoleticas) pb taniaae eee 269, 275
guttata, ..... 1s ee eee ee eee eee 223. ~+crysoleucas roseus, Abramis,.......... 271
guttatus, oe. . sees eee eeeees 247 versicolor, Brama,........ 271
insculptus, ........+++-++++- ZARia) IClipreus) | Scytaliiswmsneerate eee IgI
muhlenbergi, .............-- Zag icurema, i Mugileg eee ee ani 283, 280
muhlenbergii, ......-.+..++- 243) \Cyclophis stivusserte tener coer 163
Clemys muhlenbergii, ............... 243), \Cynais ‘caniss oo scicuaetrrdeneite ake 254; 255
Clonophis, ......+.seeeeeeeeeeees WAS mtso)) (Cynoscion regalissea seen eee 321
kirtlandi, ............-++- 161 Cyprinodon variegatus,............283, 289
kirtlandii, ........ LO LOO Lot Cy pselurtis LUuLcatts amettseneet seers 288
Clupanodone Oplintaims) (jel ssc cl--le!=ial 266
(ClhipeGkss Sees egaudsoausasemnods sles 204 D
ColiaSs) SCOMPEL. | uelelcicicieiste: si<iarsicisiai-lsclei> 291
QalTSO ERAS Soode08 bee dooocusoNS 163 Dactyloscopide, ..................... 343
TEAST SE Beevers costes, ¢ cis eve eistoinee 147 Dactyloscopus:, csc cseceea isin 343
CONSERICLORS eovrrg ten os tsleyerahs 169 Dasybatidaes, aizjc10) a ovevoleustevelonhe etereer serene 261
oliatusse giactecee: cms eee eis 184 Dasybatus) centrottay cnet er eiel tel 253, 261
MERAMUS TS Se iersrore eres ceteris ote 184 Whastatag, (Sersrecsters cere oo a stayere 3 261
SEU HSN pint srerercie aleve s al-vold cuocevens 180 SAY, cece ec csceneneeececes 261
Meberis im etevecteisterssoravescreracisiakecs 149 dekayi, Storeria, ....... 155, 157, 158, 159
MelANOLEMCUS sy sic.cee seers seers 172 alr Opid ODO EUS emerttektel tater 159
obsoletus confinus, ........-- 155 Dendroicay coronatasy es) teeierseieleieeree reel 108
DUNCLALUS) Menor oe es tastes 167 dentatus, ParalichthySics-jssieielsiasisisy-s 341
SATA Te ee oe ee oe ines 175 Dermochelidas) ec. lacie vere 202, 203
SIDER ONE ee ee nie 152 Dermochelyshy sctenreteveriaverare aval etm teyeteyeia)s 204
Sirtalign) salts sale seuss cee eee 177 : COMACEA gested eletiaererats 204, 205
WEEN alis mmm sentence terres close steis 165 Desmopmathides,. <cjetecetee ence) ov cies ee vere 36, 74
COlIDTIGeS, secs wuiceeas ecieee ease ee 143, 144 Desmognathus, ............-.+--sseee 74
concentrica, Malaclemys centrata,..... 230 EUSCAy ae eee 58, 59, 66,
confinus, Callopeltis obsoletus,........ 154 72, 74, 755 79
Coluber obsoletus, ......... 155 PUSCAN TUSCAsMaleteleley-teiars 79
\CommiennnmiCy | ssigomotoguecus ogo dOUne 343 OCHLrOpHAay. «1/1576 = 65, 66, 78
conspersum, Amblystoma, ............ 44 OCLOPMceay aetstoletely-teteleiet= 79
AIM YSEOMAS, fers <<\sle ele on 390, 44 Diadophisy eictes a/cietoteoieie, sustererst musts; 145, 165
constrictor, Bascanion, ...... 167, 168, 169 punctatus,......... 165, 166, 167
Coluber; 72-7.) ecane SOLE 169 diaphanus, Fundulus,....271, 272, 273,
contorting, Agkistrodon, ............ IQI 282, 283, 284, 289
contortrix, Agkistrodon, ..... 188, 190, 191 IDSGHBE. pes gaesonobandendLeA 228, 247, 250
Trigonocephalus, ......... 191 Gitgkhey Sooudosasdmnchohe 247, 248
coriacea, Dermochelys, ........... 204, 205 Diemichylus, Wives ccs eictaeicieeisisincie cuvsrs: > 79
Spharcish sonia ctececece e's 205 STULL ALUIS semelesetereistere eckeneee 82, 84
PREStUCdOse entulccetuterretctoreree ce eete's 235 viridescens,..... 72, 79, 80, 82
Corntibica, Mamma, tsrecectssiiciceis sce « « 254 Diemyctylus’ viridescens, ©. ......-..-.-.- 85
cornutus, Notropis, .......... 271, 272, 273 viridescens viridescens,.. 85
LoLonata, Wendroicase rec ce nieie siciee siiele 108 UD Fleet cuits, Coed Hic eine ORO One oT ao ee 336
Coronellatcetwlasu tect citer sieisie.c.51o joy abjyeiley, INE ek oy a5 oo boncmudonoopoode 152
Cottidze; fii hs Vee ARE tel ae ee 336 dirtalis, Tropidonotus, ............... 178

370 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE

doliata, Iuampropeltisyyaiieisreieieielss er 184, 147
doliatus clericus, Lampropeltis,....178,

181, 182, 183

doliatus; (|Colubert ie ceric anhinniner = tire 184
Pampropeltisem: eee ee eo 181
@phibolusiy sae moc ce ereccheete 184

doliatus triangulus, Lampropeltis,..178,

180, 181

dorsalich ianasyeetrievut cere tetera teyceee 104

GuodectnipAnchovaaweeiiereiteytleetstel= crate 268

dusissuss Crotalusaa-tiiers\isicvets cleterersie iors 193

E

Behenerdideiccnniciss: ete esac ns 338

Beheneistalba-cauday 2-2 -ere ate 338

eplantentay sRagatiscs ~ tciecinte avers oe az ele 259

opidces tte tete tote arasate at tutetnveie Sete siecs acciece 264

Hmydidey fees sie saines wi eeewie 202, 227

Bmiydoideas witsae cco ele selsis 2205) 247.

landings Ses aacsitsuvsue terete: ors te 247
Bimysmbigiitcatcs eeekett-tete eteter ctr eieteerters = 243
CENLETATA Me siclercishelclotatetselisie tape aerole 232
SREUACEMIEY, Let. hee O.olo cmito coco edie 246
MeO Gaocaaasticsdbaccoades 243
miGleyankh oo0 coos soon cde Uo 247
Paolaleallfamessl, GocioooodgooDOAso8 a 242
mUlenbercaiey sacrsccamisiiseyetelenehete 242
OGOLALAN Meine mctttcrentislisnenstehereysfedstene 226
PEMSYLV AT Case lol eteteteteteletoetertereratls 223

MCE, sou ool oerousooosdoco ab 239

ebaKe NAN Gaon oodoOD AU Od olomoc 247
Alkan, Gdeaodssocooussc05 235
SCAD EA we eit stele vote istokeieietssemtels 243
Saarieie Aooidioadedod Upoogo Sao ac 235
Kanmiiie Kogan de socagcadocsso0 232
idsaeareyblixeliceer) Gs on acidonudddaqvedoo6T 267
Enneacanthus gloriosus, ..........--. 312
ODESUS) Marneamoanrooe WR spe

Erimyzon sucetta oblongus,...123, 276, 277

Shee, IVER So obe cooauaduoUp ODOmS 257

By thrid cep eereryetletisieilataietenecrekertens 268

erythronota, Salamandra,........ 57.58, 50

erythronotus, Plethodon,..55, 58, 59, 66, 78

Plethodon cinereus,..... 59

FSSOCIG es ge hctercherss- ts ee cakes eteietsistesals 280, 350

IDGCSS hates, Bogocdbooupnoooocac 280

rERaonoRens | SGaconoseou0e 6400 350
TELICIILAE Sse ed Meet cheno oneiere 280

HM ELOPUSAIMICLOSLOMIUS .ieetopel-tnlcveleleletaleterete 339

Fe EEUMeEUSHLELES| ceuteleriersiets eveievetctersaerercte 264

EicinOStOmUuS# ell as eiicislcielsicleteeeiel-laiele 321

Budulustaunioase mic eter tei eters 317

Euleptorhamphus velox, .............. 288

IBIMECES i tavacclte lsiate lencverotetens eatery: 194, 195
PASCLaAtUS i<istalseor sere 31, 195, 196

Eupomotis gibbosus, .........-..- 289, 313

EUEYSLOLE pVATICHOVIAS) sc sles wlsfslole ere) acre iels 267

ID chesaey Ceyeimirein) Geoacoooyo acme ato e 175
SUT EALISS: mesa cvs-oisus w iosstogs uote eter - 178

PAGE

evolans strigatus, Prionotus,.......... 337
eximius, Coluber: «beeen eee 184
KOC OETA \s:'s'e'a%s's'o slereletettlesieeeie ec ames . 288

Ss

taper Chetodipterdsa wicca 328
fatcatus: rachinotusses-heeeo eee 306.
fanionnsalmo;,. Sete hereon eee seine 350
fasciatas i Salamandtan as oe eee Peers VAS
fasciatassipedon,, Natrixy aeaceceeeceiee 152
fasciatus) Humeces, «sacs. one: 31, 195, 196
MErMISEGT Ta, aiecev= eietels sieisieis eee eee 85
fernucinea, Wimanday 1-1) sel see 341
Mistularia stabacanta,, (cea lace eres 290.
erstularitdees:. ay yeeceiscionrac ei aera arene 290
flavissima,, salamandray <<. 5-5-1 seco 66
avivinidis, “Ranayere cect sce ae eee 134
fontinalis,, URaniaye ieee eer eae 134.
freminvillii, Myliobatis, .........262, 263
fucorum,, Blenniuss gs. oe 343.
ManGdtlus,. h.citasteccore os erect: orton cee 270
diaphanus, 271, 272, 273, 282,

283, 284, 280.
heteroclitus macrolepidotus, 282,
283, 284, 280.

majalis, ..«281, 283, 289
furcatus; Cypselunusy acces. scree 288
fusca, Desmognathus,....58, 59, 66, 72,
TES. Sy GX
Desmognathus fusca,.......... 79
Salamandraseyacrecctrtaieiierinte 78
fusca fusca, Desmognathus,.......... 79
PUSCUS ONTO NALS peers oe ie eto 290
G
Gadidees \sy.) cc aise eu ecu ciqnoeeneeme 344.
Gadusticallarias,: Ssea.cenien aie 344
Galéidaes te. daasers oe ce ai ee pede Sus a eee 254
Galeocerdo, A. ssoner en Sen eee 253, 255
TIGTINUSS hs. sihis. cota wisverene 226, 255
Gales: hens c;oeteim eee ieciocteeeee 253, 255
Gallusey wk scsice eclelepaet chet elie 303
gallus: “Zeus; us cers says. s ere ieee meee 303,
Gasterosteida:,\) vpesinaec tele eeteionpetoete 290
Gasterosteus bispinosus, ............. 290.
geminatus, Hypleurochilus, .......... 343.
geographica, Graptemys, 3..2--.- "1 230
geographicus, Graptemys, ........228, 229.
Gerridaess fog sicies ate) o\cjcistefelsis el ageh caterers 321
getula, (Coronellays i.c-ns ee eee 180
Wampropeltiss fs -inieiee 172, 180
getulus, Coluberigegnc-a-etitie cena 180
ampropeltissa re -teirieiiee 178, 179:
gibba, Pterophryne, (o/s oie sie detenahe stele 253
gibbosus, Eupomotis,| ...-.:..).-!s% 289, 313
gloriosus, Hnoneacanthtts, y: sei iseleleiet-t< 312
elutinosa, .calamandrase -rieiepeeieieletle 62

glutinosus, Plethodon,....55, 59, 60, 62, 63
Glyptemys insculpta,) (testers eiheiaie 243
Gobiidee sr! (.-c-<cisipicsiens olovoieratete eel nievelevetale 337

PAGE
Gopiasom AM DOSCI mayo yorcieteheleielerei= = cfalclere!s 337
BGACUIS wWnani eds. -/qardelaaldicielelesle iol elst- 336
Grapteniysmmae ei yaciselete.s syaehacisia s 228

ECE TApMICALT miles aieyaelelerel="s 230
geographicus, ........ 228, 22
mekebe ILGENEG. Boobco éeoobCouo nos 317
RTVALISSHeOAIGEISN uiarerele levels ithatareuale las elele 103, 107
lehiGwey | @sacossocoocensood 104
Rati aerate versheraheistanenstaiateis shaver 0 60Ve 103
gryllus crepitans, Acris,..99, 100, 103, 119
Space ME ICINOSLOMMS 14 elataelciatstets et s| «1512 « 321
Rithtatas Clemmys, <i). s cietelsseleielele-s.<le sis 22
PBT Ve eyes cvelee siavevcies /avelatumenetel oe 246
MRESEUCOs Pretelsysinists fats stolarcictarcans s 242
BuULtatas,) ASELOSCOPUS,) w< « «10 eesierie = «101 341
Chelopus,..... II9, 123, 238, 239,

242, 244, 245.
lemma ss ies levcocutacitoteiiescete 247
Gyritrop lus ey a erisyctveucie oc sie aieicherels 52, 62
POLPMY RIGIGUSH F.4/e ieee 62
Byrinus:; Schilbeodes, s.:....0.0...00-% 279

H

leerital iG ces 1s oteteleretetcce sels e Baresi scepter & susne 317
aldemani,, Salamandtass ee cise «0 65, 78
Hele CIN Ane RATIA,# tote lahahatseta Yotalerel stare) ei ei siere 120
HaATICONCHSISY WRATIAs hele cte/-telere sisie)s) «) sisie 134
PER AEIUITUS em scrapes cis tt cicienierclerseiet cles 330
astatas ee Wasy Dabs. aisle cise sterols -) ee 261
lgicraaitaye nd biibssy eS Goes G OOOCIOmIO Ie Oconto 52
SOU EIS Treen atevetere. Rae 55
Memiramphidees «hats aciecs othe eeisie ciciesis 286
EVetertiactrimitiSaps t-yatetetatelsimiansielavaver oleeenersie’ at 286
brasiliensis, .......286, 288
HEALS mee MbIiGey th ycleveiels ae) st elet set slave ee 330

heteroclitus macrolepidotus, Fundulus, 282,
283, 284, 289.

EVELETOG OTe tr eteerstaletey aie ors ouellal ate ecey or 145, 184
. platirhinos, ......184, 185, 187
pitas, ooompoacdenos 187
DlatyGhinasyy aes) eiese/s1e ls 16 187
Dlaby LEB WAIS ss vteteie)e aiolels)-/si< 187
Hippocampus hudsonius, ............ 291
PUNCCMALIS we otercvectesetel<tee 291
hispidus, Stephanolepis, .......... 333, 334
piistrion “eterophryne,) 2 cissasicjetie «ia. 348
holbrooki, Seaphiopus; ssi ccrsi-' «1-2 + 97
holbrookii, Scaphiopus,.......... 92, 96, 97
VG Let Vib ULIMIT Sumi overofevalia) alicieleiniatavehacelaia) orale 268
HOU a GC AtdtSOLase jaioinelche a ierelel alsy eielal/= 193
liGsroathey (Comb haemeoeoone. I9I, 192, 193
hudsonius amarus, Notropis,.......... 271
hudsonius, Hippocampus, ............. 291
Hybopsis kentuckiensis, .............. 276
isGlevomosaco ones Coe rosnoe 97, 104, 108, 111
ATICELSOM sake ialersray Warcererte rate) ofl al « 112
ANGETSOMI yp 2m) <1as oe 34, 104, 108, 111
mld anh Cagacors nt sUeaUC nee 108
pickeringii,...103, 104, 105, 108,
T4s0i33
versicolor,..... 90, 104, III, II2, 114

371
PAGE
ale) sgoSeoD COCO. Co maO MOR baOIbS OOG0 UG 99
Elavil ae ciretchekcbate esters s¥erateve lar? 0xa)eicverter ssc) 85, 97
Ebvlodesmonnyllitspa eter steele) atela\slelela ec) clere 104
PIGK EGIL OTI sy tekes ols toyave tore cievoeverel cre 108
Hypleurochilus geminatus, ........... 343
{
Tetalumus Mp eMGAatiSy vs slelelsrereleteieis)+ 1) da)0 349
Tguanides,) sernceha Coca SRE 194, 198
MU EVTa We S66 G00 Hoonoom Db OD OOOO Oe DIOS 328
insculptay WEY SMe wlelchetelsbevels wis} neice tora «sre 243
Gly ptemiysnereterte celsietchs ie) -ini<1° 243
insculptus» |\Chelopussecerss\- yi 1 239, 243
(Qeiwrarncg, ioddoosoonocooond 243
Lsttophoridcearesteretteletetetelateteretesetertateie1 sie) 204
MifoyJoloyubC non aaconcondoooUnbns DOGdr 295
HISTICANG waerareeeieter seers 295, 298
J
jamaicensis, Wrolophushiese-t ete. eles 261
jeffersonianum, Amblystoma, ......... 51
Ambystoma,......39, 50, 51
K
kentuckiensis, Hybopsis, ............. 276
Gh Kerala G6. sadoodepaconc coc 203, 219
iGeoproasloysBeBuAaOneDdooo don 219, 220, 242
pennsylvanicum, ......... 223
pensylvanicum,..220, 221,
222, 246
Kirtlandia vagrans laciniata,.......... 288
lartlandreClonophisoe terse ctstevsrera yi tere tales 161
Tropidoclonionye nieces «lee 161
kirtlandii, Clonophis,......... 159, 160, 161
, E
abraxmlineattsis mieraeia cer tetera oe 315
ILAlGhe So boddecoocnbaodssoodaendcd 328
Wacertiliaymemuretecsisteietetctotelspetetetelo terns 143, 193
WactophnysS rie OnuS ss siesta ceteiistsbatiaictet 335
TACHSEDISs PATENTS US smataaeleteteteh tel) lsretctste 349
IESMGS IRENE Goocecatonceeboadoo GoD aL 259
Jeagodonsinbombordeshmas acieeis-1ar-tsret-ltels 320
Jalandig Seciola yu etetcrelstltesiaatelttcet 298, 300
Wamitial (COG DICasmetactelelaiaetetaalet-tel al eel-ke 254
Tammnidcesiaerecscicissocisstckave ctetelcteneteucralaekons 254
Lamipropeleissma-tirratisieietasiaictetctachots 145, 178
doliataye eerie 147, 184
GOliatus, cveejsctese a ates sete 181
doliatus clericus,.....178,
181, 182, 183
doliatus triangulus,...178,
180, 181
metilay: rayee sal cteve< 5: s0x0 172, 180
GHC, FREE peeooeeo 178, 179
Brlatyettlctey ereyeisicse <1 Fi 0 147, 181
laterale, Leiolopisma, ............ w06, 197
IL ADIGE ONE, OgdasgooRUenDsonoe 198
Lygosoma (Liolepisma),...... 198

372, REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE
leberis, i Coltber iis ravictelpcieiel-sesiteloreeie nL LO
Regina, eet cto ttevele tials aiovccetevelerets 148
Tropidonotus,........ 148, 149, 175
IFAM ie lh, Sasconh aoe doeddobe 194, 196
laterale; iiss. bipielete LQG, 197
FFELOSCONIUS | XANEMUTLS ote lol /=) slels\el=isiale oy 324
lentiginosus americanus, Bufo,........ QI
lentiginoSus)) (BUEOs cl. vie creiclsls 01 sje 86, 87, 91
Lepomis auritus, ...... Scenes 275
Wee: BodooodaDd0AG0N Br 2s ons
TP EpPtopuis geeStivts wwemyarere silat oiaictekele creel 163
SELERSTRERS || oo S aot Ooo BOLO AD 175
Meuciscusimarcanitayeec eee sicmics 269
Weralocolhiey quaneonosogode.o 269
amanda erriucineas vccjele ale) elecleleta siete 341
IME Ata Oa amlancd ran eceeieteteriele iernietsiare 66
aegis ILelyeas GeoacgooacoddKcGoogns 315
PROCCUS tea crstenoyislivecvouelvetaclevers 314
WI OlEpismia Wlaterale, ercretelerrelelshelste taretelels 198
ILO, sooppoumoooUGUeoCUC 145, 163, 164
Wemaribics Sooodaconetaac 164, 165
MAOstomiUsmODITGIS; mueriei islet terete 324
cilworabey, (Carers, Gyo ocobcossaodec 254
longicauda, Salamandra, ..........++- 69
Spelerpes,....... 63, 66, 67, 69
longicaudata, Salamandra, ............ 69
longicaudus, Spelerpes, ...........+- 69
Wophiideyeencees isin ees Bic csevteroterne 348
TLophius piscatorius, © 5...00+.-0-+» + 348
Lophopsetta maculata, ..........-+.-- 338
Tei Cartamparid, dete lclercistenslotekstketokeafois clel=1= 283
No bi ariidastwmeciaiciene oleielelsieieistatereteter siete veroint= 317
Tutianus griseus, ...--..-scccerscsene 317
Lygosoma (Liolepisma) laterale,....... 198
M
maculata, Lophopsetta, .........-...6. 338
Salamanca sercteiersisterssisiersye 73
maculatus, Spheroides, ..\...........- 336
Majalis, sEHGUIISs | ecrerciesie ci 281, 283, 289
Malaclemmys centrata, ..........-+-- 232
RIKER GEKh Kieoopadato 6 or 232
Malaclemys.) iy. ciss -iciecielsitiniel> <1a12 20,0250
CENMETAtA yy ele wien eres-vers 230, 231
centrata concentrica,..... 230
Malacoclemmys palustris, ..........-. 232
Malacoclemys palustris, ............-- 232
margarita, JeuciSCus; <j.cieiel «+= mle 269
Marinus, LylOSUTUS,. 6 ee eel 284, 285
INAS WINONS ) LVSOX ym lon jee! aye) «lel setelele ral 350
Miastaccembelidzey sre ecicilele cll «laters eislejel 284
mediocris, Pemolobus, .............+- 264
Melanogrammus eglefinus, .......... 346
MEATOCLISS PLOMOLODUS, weyeleisteletierslorerels 264
Pituophis,...... £70; L711, 9172
PAY OD IIS, ui eiretaieesellohetatarel: 172
TNELEACTIO NMED S Wek raia heleteisraloiaeieiciovenoters 247
Menidia beryllina- cerea, ............ 288
rantevahdabtel saOnehIE boo oatdod 283, 289
menidia notata, Menidia, ........ 283, 289

PAGE
Menopoma alleghaniensis,............ 38
Menticirchus: saxatilis;. - scan 325
meridionalis;. <Cottt1s; jij: cate cielcis cleleralele 336
Mesogonistius chetodon,; ........2..- 123
Micropogons; \ej-.si1sieeis oie eens 324
und alatusy)) sector 325
Macropteridce yl. vaemknn aan “.3I1, 350
microstomus;,, -EtrOpuss | sisi lacie 339
milberti,. Carcharbinitsse 1 «cl weteremtelete 256
MiUnIabus, Diemictylussirtae eleteleie cre 82, 84
Notophthalmusy ac. sc )ecietere 85
maitchilla,, PAnchovia, vst sicsiiersteestersteletorne 267
IMIDIER ite Rene Hen OC OOerOG OO o.0,010.c 336
WO ay WVU Ol a's trevor sine) si Wile jove'telaas ete reveneneraitetens 336
Miolid a: « « = « svevere eile Ria aioieata oualelen eho aero 336
Monacanthidaet) = typicie ara cee cre areteiaietere 333
Miorone ‘americana, wesiyercs steele eee 315
MingallWcuremia, i emiineieiesisieisnerlerciien 283, 289
Mar oilidaes), dive) dapciotonserate = ie ete wield toerereete 289
muhlenbergi, Chelopus, ............+. 243
GClemmiy sy racwteitersvers-verete 243
muhlenbergii, Calemys, ............ seeds
Chelopus, ..... 239, 240, 243
Glemmiys;) sis pi-lcarreeks 243
(ClemiySiiier-revereceretsteleteatets 243
ES MLYS5) iota seca: ehetot sholey Materers 242
MESEUGO!) wreraxctte leet eucreteners 242
mitilenbergit we my Si vellecieieeaereelikelerere 242
MUSICUS; BULO,. c\<jere)cisle simiersis owe Re eens 92
binibhekery, wahehioe Son anoaedonunabso cc 209
my das; iCheloniay vo cnyeleseteyeiesisse siete 209, 210
ANESTUGOsmiversterefetsinis let ol-eleteleneaets 210
Whois SoGag0geaderoddacceodas 262
Myliobatis freminvillii, .......... 262, 263
Miyoxocephaliis pceneuSs) 1.1) esiaspetetetiotenen: 337
N

INAMIEIN YS? oreistereiele wtelereleteletsisrerereietetonens state 247
Nancactontida iS) cries mijerveeeeeier ets 260
natalis posthistius, Ameiurus, ....... 278
INatrix,” Sitatie a citete sie tin ere cts erie 144, 149
Gipedon, Wwelavcveyeracectreroierctetotee 152
fasciatawsiped On, eters 152
Sipedon, i... 119, 130, 148, 149,

150, 152. :
nebulosas Wimbarinayens erect ieleeiterceiets 326
AEbuUlOsussy AMES rere relel-relepeleteteleters 278
meo cesariensis, Proteus, ............ 74
TMipticanis 9 CatOStOuIsS, wlcleiietetteleteteretetere 276
WStOphosisy;i) Ger)aj-te velar 295, 298
nigrum olmstedi, Boleosoma,.......... 314
INOMeL de iets steele elect leiers neice tenetale eters 308
notatus; Pimephales) .\-/.- ci. ese ieee 268
Notophthalmus miniatus, ............ 85
VITIGESCENS,) eielemmacier. 84
Notropis analostanus, ...272, 273, 275, 314
bifrenatus, OGD aoe Aly VA err
Chaly baetsiiciercrere tretapereroreielelere 273
chalybeus abbotti, ...... 123, 270
Cho} moh bunts | Si cggace 27 Ly 2721273
hudsonius amarus, ......... 271

INDEX TO TECHNICAL NAMES.

PAGE
Nuphar, Spe avetters athe States old 6! 6.4.0 ae 130
UNivanip heat ccjer-caialsieisiaietel= s ais/avmv isos oss 130
Oo
obesus, Enneacanthus, ........... 123, 312
ODIIGUUS;, IOSEOMUS Mote ei eisinleisicleisisie.s:6 324
oblongus, Erimyzon sucetta,........... 123
obseuxus, Carcharhinus, osciciccsciies ec 256
obsoletus;, ‘Calopeltis,,, @.ciecibondacalss St das
obsoletus confinus, Callopeltis,......... 154
Colubersat = cterc.cceces 155
occidentalis, Tetronarce, .......... 253, 260
occipito-maculata, Storeria, ....... 155, 156
MCellalay RA Ay. ees oss a.0che Shesbaabere sroseis 259
WR ANTAL seis, ahah sievs cua aeetokee eisiole cee 108
ocellatis: (Chetodon,, 3.6... 0060+ -h rset 329
SClenOPS a sas: le reo OSes 324
ochrophea, Desmognathus,....... 65, 66, 78
ocrophea, Desmognathus, ............ 79
odorata, Aromochelys, ...:......:00s) 0.6 226
OISEU Ga matersciacs cleyesenses ioe eereienee 226
ISTH Opals « cishere sis raw misceissers:' 7226
PIN Scien ce aborts Saisie voloicte sho 6 226
Ozothecase sa steusie lagers ope se score a 226
Hhercapenes: creche 2235 224
MMESCIRG Ont Asvaisheeuske Gis sn etervanw eres 226
adoratuss Sternotnerus,, a. e+ 2c. cce ose 226
oglinum, Clupanodon, .......:......0. 266
Gianingy ARyE Gla: oy ABM aoeG Oa EEO ere 328
opacum, Ambystoma,............ 38, 39, 41
GPELCHlatawmOIreNe, cor sess crs rate re ence aieis 5 FS
operculatus, Spelerpes, ......22.2.000 73
A) PHEOU LY Sstecte elstore reset tae cuss yolersi=levae 145, 162
SEVIS yarennets atic 162, 163, 165
Oppibolus doliatusis-cysio.c:oicieieis e015 «yoresaie 184
WO DE aa tosis clon cnciavelauetetensney'sare' svoisrereseuels SEAS
@pbiocephalops;: ayia cise sisie «yee lero isis aitre 268
@psanusetay calararrsiveern sere crease 283, 343
ordinata, Thamnophis sirtalis,......... 178
ordinatus, Thamnophis sirtalis,....172, 178
Orthopristis chrysopterus, ........... A RG:
Osseusssesallisostomus., 2s. viens s) a = 6 263
OStracitd aerate rec cclerercitsenerticisteveveretans svchereiors 335
OVAS COAL RUS, Aoiea.cieioioinia ofrvatesacouars, oieicvo 321
@Zothecaladoratay) “erst: eis cles ctoyace (se nie 226
P
Palinurichthys perciformis, ...... 308, 310
palustris, Malaclemmys, .............. 232
Malacoclemmys, ............ 232
Malacoclemiysiii cc -\s)stsiclel slate 232
ee hoedion aac II5, 134, 135, 138
Paralichthys dentatus; iveoa-c ee ees cae 341
Parva, Lucamlay vo veaiaeltnicttoeioe eakele ale 7 283
Patychemys rugosa, 22cs)2)s6s. 26 00 ce 235
Pelobattdae. sae selelaie siete Mletsesieieiel='s sree 85, 92
pennsylvanicum, Cinosternum, ........ 223
Kinosternon, ....... 223
Thryosternum, ...... 223
pensylvanica, Cistuda, .:../.5......0. 223

PAGE
pensylvanica, Cistudo, ......... Sieuaiet ose 223
TVS) e's os, sists s lsh aterseeretane 223
pensylvanicum, Kinosternon,..220, 221,
222, 246
perciformis, Palinurichthys,....... 308, 310
phenax se epomiisse ssjcicse erecslele ics. 5's evcieteions 312
pickermpiyebiularmc weit sles ae ese cers 108
pickeringii, Hyla,....... 103, 104, 105,
108, I14, 133
EVI OM ES a retesetsuasa)'s setae sions 108
picta, Chrysemys,....... T2e50 223.0235"
236, 237, 239, 246
BEV Shoe sisi watered intense Gio 'ay's aus esavecs 239
pilosus;) Urichadiodoty sete s\-.se ale cleinns 336
Pimephales@notabussmererieineiin eerie 268
pipiens, Rana,...... II5, 116, 120, 130, 138
piscatorius; Lopiiustereieierciiietieceres 348
PItUOPlis) si. te ae rererpersaeterereleraere 145, 170, 180
melanoleticus;.....+-070, I71, 172
Pityophis melanoleucus, .............. 172
platirrhinos, Heterodon,...... 184, 185, 187
platyrhinos, Heterodon;, =... «111-10 187
platyrhinus, Heterodon, ............ oe LOT,
platyrrhinus, Heterodon, ............-. 187
Plethodon,, «..5 s.-1s:srere stebieveterere otatere cremate Se Is
CITEEUSs, +5, vnos oelte aetetetaete a 59
cinereus cinereus, ........- 59
cinereus erythronotus, ..... 59

erythronotus,..55, 58, 59, 66, 78
glutinosus,.....55, 59, 60, 62, 63

Plethodontidzynciacclesstererterersiters Clon tue, bt
Plath odomtintce ye cca erences teeta eet ey 52
Plevirodelidey 1.1. .c.. cic siepictetseraeetetverciets 36, 79
WPleuronectsdas,, crstenctstalatebeseters eieketerea eel ala 338
IPMistodonmstriatuSys cess crereieieieretcteiaieietote 196
Peecilitdats \ vis oF osteterta one ae.ccctelorenteretore.« 281
IPO SOMA CA iA crave: alsher tocetopNeterste aleket evel! ots 324
CLOMIS) : Sai-tparepoievareba ave elets ere\s\'5 326
PollachiusyirerSs estes cleleteleleeisioterstetere ec 344
Pomacanthus; apcadatus) wails cleiclolotele ol 330
Pomatomidaes Nercrorctatavel uoiatereienactotete eiele ae 307
Pomolobus: Medivoecis np ecteicisceleteleioleiel als 264
pseudoharengus, .......... 265

pomotis, Acanthatchus), <).-..1.. 00 sle.-- 311
IPOMOXIS AMMULATISS Walelelciels csisteteve wletetelete 350
Poronotus ttriatanthwsy -ciclelei 2 e)selere «le 307
porphyriticus, Gyrinophilus, .......... 62
Prionotus evolans strigatus,........... 337
probatocephalus, Archosargus, ........ 320
Proteus neo cesariensis, ............. 74
Psallisostomatidce’y forerralctatanieteys s olereletoree 263
Psallisostomus osseus, ............4-- 263
Pseudacrisse ect micmivicieorivt erierre 97, 99, III
triseriatus,) «sce ee «ss 97, 98
Pseudemiyss) cit ises > covsina cre cate ata. 228, 232
TUDCIVENELIS, feajesiciciclss © 232, 235

PAPMOSA SMa eye raieieree i ejsic =ietsiel ele 235
pseudoharengus, Pomolobus, ........ 265
IPSetdosatinrascattc meee ie ces diet e tbctae 36
Pseudotritonmubers sree tie es cicle cleus 73
Salmotieay ottsveirsiora che loleierere 63

374 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE
Pterophryneygibpa ates eens 253
Ihistrig, yt es. ihe sere 348
Ptychemys srusosas sce onesie creole 235
PUNCebatay eo miys sector sieve iets voictereeeters cece aie 247
Mestudaye viaccess ooh ee 242
punctatum, Amblystoma, ............. 44
Ambystoma,-- veces 39, 42, 43
punctatus Colubers ae tees eee 167
Diadophis,.........165, 166, 167
Metalurarss, (jsicvee sc oe eyereierce ole 349
punctulatus, Hippocampus, ........... 291
PUNSIUS) PVSOStEUS, .. ciacie a 's.o se tve oe 290
puLrpuTreus;|Carpodacus.s weit ees lee 108
Pye Me mM Dia tteeletsie ieee evs aioe 281
BV SOStCUS PUN CILIUIS, meer tels aici neisieeiseeie ete 290
Q
Guadracus, Apeltes, Ssmicistosisiseae cee 290
quadrimaculata, Salamandra, ......... 78
quinquelineatus, Scincus, ............ 196
R
Machycentrrde, )e.,Nerstelerslekve eerstereleneters 307
Rachycentronuicanadiusren. 1 siete etnies 307
Raid evlanitehiay es vets tire elec rons 259
ELTINACEA,® sijerctesouh clever yale @relonenese 257
TAVIS Sit teeta Rersiet ate oie 259
OGEllatay craterersttert terrae ei er-e ole 259
TREN N(Gr oy Bathe GARB O co.oo Gig Ook emp 257
IkE(E a doascacasodnucHooododnHEaces II5
CateSbeianasiiritsttirer TH Se Oey,
Catesbiaglas, ws siacciwlcine cute iste msi nks 130
Slamatasedecr me eeiceiier is II5, 131, 134
claritin wecye gorecevelew fol totes ietenecesetons 134
GOrSalisty, cvshecverevexcustersyepovonscarchatonene 104
MAMIVEGLGISS. | aeveuepsjacousyodeveleuioehake ole 134
FOMEMALISS, . Giskescae eyereteielee eieonsel ne 134
eryllasy cto title Ge iniens cus atatete ye relte mer eke 103
Halecina. Weressacictestcheraricmietecieeiet 120
LEbn (sore ch Laaoucanaoddaacs 134
Ocellatay yee ciayesstiseiee sin ee emioereie 108
DPalustriSy-alewlesvelels LLG Sa, 135. 038
pipiens,...... II5, 116, 120, 130, 138
Sylvaticasdteaiecsdece 105, 238, 130; 142
Wtrictlarius,), «seesaw <clelenels 120
WAITESCENS, Wicdivib ais ce aisiousta rola eie iozerete 120
virescens virescens, ...+...... 120
virgatipes, 32, 115, 120, 122, 126, 133
aT asso ate aves sis pe tone a uoteeneds eyeteienss, anevers 85, 114
raphidoma, Tylosurus, «<.cce.+- > 284, 286
Hegalis u@ynmOSciOns a silaiieleist eicieteiteete 321
REGINA, | Wiha Sibig tie whois law. sadipisrgiesevane chars 144, 148
leberis; .. cictctemiehetattareibteychesecarete 148
ALEMOLA HEMOLAS! :'sceve-<leinaesesevelersaeverseele 338
memonay, Remora; “sclsaqieesieitee «oss olen 338
Rey tal tag isie tec theyalistlatea cose, = MoROnpe tes, erare ketal 142
Pail Ene JOOP A aces uel ago oo eae 280
Rhinichthy,SipatnOnasus, vsjpeletsieciesen 27/5 o76
Cataractes) Mrisiniec ste letetevarcte 275
Rhinopteraybonmasus, i). cielo stots sl 263

PAGE
rhomboides, Warodons, cheese eee 320
Roccusmehrysopsyie. ase eee eee 253
Mineatus;.) isos crite seers 314
DUPE AE SCUdotritonyn emeeeeinee eee 73
Spelerpes,....63, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73
spelerpes ruber) sss ean 73
ruber ruber, Spelerpes; eer eekeoe sees 73
TUbra,e Salamarnd Taser ee eee eee 73
GUubriventris, Mmysy. oe sense eee 235
Pseudemys arene 232, 235
salamandra,, Sos eee eee 74
rileosay,. batychemiyss ss cei eee 235
Pseudemiysiwi.)\e, <5 eee 235
Ptychemiys;ainaccceviccaeeee eee 235

Ss
Salamandra, bis-lineatay 2.2 -cones ene 66
bislineatas (fe cae ciaenee 65, 66
CINereas Eiioesk oer 574) 5on050
erythronota, ernie 575/58, 59
fasciatay- cisisaccehe ere 41, 42
flavyissima, <<)... seme 66
FUSCA; * cietaeleveusteleeine ctoniens 78
Palbisbsoeehs Sygagonadocdcs. 62
haldemanty acces eres 65, 78
longicaudas cictccciineeeice 69
lonvicaidatay sence eee 69
lineata, (5:\.cisrs ceweveccerets 66
miaculatays ./ctesveirse eeeoere 73
quadrimaculatas i citeieie 78
Pubrary ihe wie s eieeieieceeetoetar 73
TUDLIVEMELIS, © vye/cisis oteveneerere 74
Subfuscay <n ceran eee 74
TIS AY A secs a sha'ateranesenerlerenae 50
Saliéntias\ ss. cutscene 35, 85
Salmo tario., \cayeces cetera 350
Salmonea.. seseudotriton «ease eeeee 63
Salmontdee.2 7 Quc.csistoevee an eee eee 55u
Salvelinus sal pints: ests cie ie eee eee 350
Sapidissimia,. -AloSasarcnie since cone 265
Sarda Gsanda-vase een icele aca 204
Satda:s ‘Sarday. "crv dsasinte ne cee eee 294
AT LIS OVISS \.sesimeiciieielese stecirete niet 32
saunita, (Coluber, aide cee acer eeenniee 175
Dey yebe- We eth RO SOIC aai0.2 175
sham nophisss itera 148, 175
Sauritus,) Weptophisne re ricmientaciicmecee 175
Thamnophis, ...... L732), hss
saxatilis, Menticirrhus, .............. 325
sayanus, Aphredoderus, ....:.......- 310
say, JDasybatisS; psloccum an eae eee 261
Scabra,. EmyS:1.% Sen Oaseuceo enero 243
Scaphiopus® | \ajapscahecs aleve selec comveue eke 92
holbrookt,) sj nrcccyeomieieiseioe uOy.
holbrookityy cscrlererey 92, 96, 97
Solutanin1S wu eervsaaeietertet make 07
Sceloporus; | ¢siiccsirsulnevertecertena ernest are 198
undulatus,...31, 198, 199, 201
Schilbeodesi-eyninuisi cedese seine et 279

INDEX

PAGE
Gdae nie: ANGEES ES Se onoosneOoBe 334, 335
SGESUER dor.6 20 oo LC DOM Oe eS MOG n 321

SISOS MOGCEM ApS ss calcietetera acdie'so.ale\oyelys 32
Sfobeyeibes ” magiagicigue 65.0 DO COCO ee 194
Scincus quinquelineatus, ............. 196
Scoliodon) terr2-nOVZ,y) ose s\<n<0 ele esos 257
NICOM Pers COLA Waievelere averrecehelstaveiare «telat 291
Reoyelyabt,, Gnoac cae -5 OOD OEoE 291
SCOmPrde, y erasers lero aol pol eprete tote a teuacnceve 291
Scombrus, Scomber,. << «si stersleceelesiele ose 291
Bearproides, “Mestudo; orc eteelesinibiccleverere 242
Scutatum, Hemidactylium, ......... 52, 55
SEV LALIS) CUPS) i-a.o%t+.atecisiehaners Basie cavers IQI
SIGS SoG NED OOD REDD Obra >on deacene 303
WON MOCO BUODMOOS OC OG OOO OOS 306
Semotilus atromaculatus, ............ 269
ju ECE CH oces ctacoagcecee 268
S@abihy WaleiGlh eosaoperasococdjocdad 298, 300
Z.GIALAP Mo cisteyalstat sp oval atetetereseta: erate 298
serpentina, Chelonura, ............... 218
Ghely drat; «citi 2U5. 2175) 218
Serratay. EymyS) | s,s, 0 0:2) «5; a6)5)a.ceveragera le sv/e6 235
setapinnis, Vomer, .......... 304, 305, 332
Sila ei ees ew wisiacn sie sass Giaialevetwrslsrae,« 278, 349
sipedon, Coluber, ........ pen rah chara’ sts joe 152
Natrix,...119, 130, 148, 149, 150,

T5265

INatrime FaSclatare rciecraciee eclers 152
AMTOPIGOMOLUS) cielo. (2 steler=.s ocsisi6 152
ITEM MOPELClatasmsil-yareieialeiaciereicis els) sterete 73
sirtalis, Coluber, ..... s slerslere sie sin ore eter 177
EEO 1a hess aisle taletorseecateents,eyakeloters 178
Thamnophis,....172, 175, 176, 178
eLrOpIGONOtUSss yartelsievcra aia sjcioverets 178
sirtalis ordinata, Thamnophis,......... 178
sirtalis ordinatus, Thamnophis,....172, 178
SOMEALINIS | OCAPMIOPUSs) 2\-J< leis civics jaateisl<)« 97
Sparide, sistoutistatene les ace) see\lererole\talste isle valet 320
Sages Gendanascocsseonbeocucaad Bes Ge

bislineatus,....63, 64, 66, 73, 78
longicauda,........63, 66, 67, 69

ikefakee(SEMeGhEG,, ploqodas noooooidd 69
Operculatusy ciate cicisiciste cle cise 73

exe Le Coarar 63, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73

TaolaYoe Sabduee eommepopeocadgdon 73
Syeisyneree., enAmcane pocMecsooeUOUod UO 52
WSPHAEPISs COLIACEAN /<laic cis cic) cicielsleis) elele<'s 205
Spheroides maculatus, .............-. 336
Splyrashan PATTACUGA,) -)<|a)cle1e «\« ole sfeis}=te 289
Shrlagemencks; Sheen pucosodooncDoOpuodad 289
spinifer, Aspidonectes,...210, 211, 212, 213
Stephanolepis hispidus, ........... 333, 334
termotiacrtsw sociacis. sy crelelate sieterarsterelals 250
OUOLAEUS weer teiaie ores cliverers 226

EnitaSciatwGen ceieicie cate oie 250

SEOLETI Aci opsidhc tejaferayeisro oxelarelekere«rclerele 145, 155
Gekayile trols c sispte TS5, D57e 158; 259
occipito-maculata, ........ 155, 156

striatus, Centropristisn .(jejsesys ole cl «1 = 316
Chaetodonyy fore ciscics esicee «0.0. 329

LG ors Gainolacsodad DOPBEOOr 106

TO TECHNICAL NAMES. 3

PAGE
SET ONTALCLC ce ga} <j srcteleielcl’s (oie 'eis ie via oustefaverelne 307
ShurIO MP ACIDEMSC Lam wicleiectetsieisictetsele-ese-0re 263
Supiuscasmoalaiiatidra,y . .). a0 o aernelslalete 74
SubuilerageestudOuw veya sielspeleicicc ss otelaete 250
sucetta oblongus, Erimyzon,..123, 276, 277
Syilvabicasmn ania epsva cis) o) ois) - II5, 138, 139, 142
Syneriathidconmiayetsrars/qaveie rs cis c)-\ sjarcreve «sloze 290
SyMenach ws USCS) crsystels) ale jeistsic/eiloicrw iets 290
T
tabacaria, me Bispitlaticyaeysclers let ccevareiale e 290
Tarpon seycseryenteractaebtnarcievelets olerciere!</lsie 264
atlanticus eet ese ee 264
tat; .O psanus ts acpi edter ole teistevereterey 343
Tautogay Onitis pela teins ae eee 328
teres, Btrameussacs tiie uae seas 264
terre-nove, Scoliodon, .............. 257
Terrapenes, Sisicjsimyerioetetstsreret=i- 220, 223, 226
BOSCII;} /</< seiere ied he isiss,s)-sencie's 220
CAaLOlistasmmerrdeeche ey there cree 250
OdOratavec epee eee auecd.
terrapin), Eymiysmuajre seit eit eestor 232
Lestudinata;, cirertocitaeios eter SNe 143 202
Mestidon CaLettasaisl-rsi-laetampvatetloteraeraees 209
CanOlinia;. vo/dne steveveverce arnt cteelere 250
Clausa;) Stace seve osionactackereaels 250
COTIACEA,§ Merelosshsssteceveuedses stroked eed 235
Suttatas ccc eect eee 242
muhlenbercite sya eer 242
MyGasy. Viger spetece «etter 210
GWoratay ocrtsrseracierleras oars 226
punctata, Bordo douaoopEaU oO 242
SCOMPIOIG ES, Weta eelecs tote eet sl oats 242
SUDNISTA, leaps: Haetecstene wracer stam 250
TNetrodontides, sis cisrisioms seus cir wig exe 336
Tetronarce;. cise cs resets ocinet a cretsices 260
occidentalish wajerere-)-terte 253, 260
Tewthididay vcisretecrcctraciee eteietsrea cereucievers 330
"Petathisie sacverete cc ctey shel ahoreretcr stances exovctereusaese 330
lWGPRIEED Sendigaanodesouncd spn 330
‘TMhalassochelysaumsteavereverilarrcktaeitts t= 209
CALCECAs melstaielotels(crenetenararars 209
Dhamnophicuessie-iisciaie citer ae 145, 172
Satitibayawe ete sroseieeretae 148, 175
Giithelatey locopane 172. 1735 075
Sirtalish) ssc L 72 C7 oom ee
sirtalis ordinata, ........ 178
sirtalis ordinatus, ....172, 178
Thryosternum pennsylvanicum,........ 223
Mss, ssesghsooeosonosccer woogie 293
thynnuss Albacore ctreiciat-lelese <= oie ¢ 292, 293
falaeors, (OGRA CuoadooonnbacdCoce 257
terinag oalamiand ray cteleleierclelsicisisle) ela « le 50
tigrinum, Amblystoma, .............. 50
Nmap yStOmMas) (sce .</- 01415 39, 47, 50
tISEINUSH GAleQCeLdOs siiclec.«e:c0 «els 226, 255
SR ELECT We rate te ths cle) cies sisife:s otaveheeote 50
Wrachinotus Carolus, <0 «+ +e clsiee =< 307
HENIGCIATEE Bod@ieom poo oeobec 306

376 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE
PEFACHULO PSs Mu ietjelele caterer etter terior 300
crumenophthalmus, ....... 301
Premataderas. .ccicreiete see erate Gtotee oiehotete 36
triacanithus. | EHOLonotusy jwise acces 307
triangula, Lampropeltis, .......... 147, 181
triangulus, Lampropeltis doliatus,..... 178,
180, 181.
Trichodiodon. pilosus,” <,\ecinsses overs siete 336
trifasciatus, Sternothwerus, s...0.-... + 250
Trigonocephalus contortrix, ......... IQI
ELIGONUS-) eL-ACLOPHTLYS, ® «/aieie'eies/ele eiere crete 335
Trinny chides wessciste ccatvevercieieickeipercie 203, 210
thriseriatus, | Chorophilusiece cei -eelrelate 99
IPseudacnisy. crciceckr ona 97, 98
Mrtton CIO TITS) y (isos oi cisrttert oetvelelel si eke 50
Mropidoclonion kirtlandi, “21. 22.15. 161
Tropidolepis undulatus, ........-.... 201
M@ropidonotus dekayi, sc - aewectes sls 159
Gittalis Mei Reese. 178
leberiss) watever 148, 149, 175
SIPE MOM Ase foregetelekeis: are ci'e 152
Sirtalistay ckecmetalorciesers 178
Dylosurus) amarinus;) voce sie seiclsieele| 284
Taphidormay Weare iverseeleter 284, 286
EYHANNUS, «LEV OOK ay helene late ls lieve eietelele 226
U
Wimbraspygmicea ster siecias aici steisteteteke roots 281
Wirnbrid se yaarar ter iste cietoeeisde oistelere otere/istoue 281
Wmbrinay nebulosasy sei-h aceeietee oer 326
tnidulatas cAgamiay (cts cee esters 1 201
undulatus; Micropogon) cies oe 325
Sceloporus,...31, 198, 199, 201
Teopidolepiss wiseeresriies le 201
Upsilonphorus anoplos, .............- 342
Wranideamenaciliss. <jhicser-taeeieiocicers 336
(Wirodelas Gast castes cine ste Gale 25 36sIgo
Urolophus jamaicensis, .............. 261
litricwlariusyaikana,, tac abiemtetsris sere 120

Vv

PAGE

vagrans laciniata, Kirtlandia,......... 288
WiallliSmeria, p22 o/s foiensveroneretete A OG0, S08 84
Wandolswlusy« HyeuciScussm eit elle eientete 269
variegatus, Cyprinodon, .......... 283, 2890
velox, Euleptorhamphus, ............ 288
vernalis; (Coluber. 52 stencis ieee emiciee 165
TAO pel es Chan ctetraic cles teleye 164, 165
versicolor, Hyla, ....90, 104, III, 112, 114
virens,, Pollachius; dc. ice «tiers cele lene 344
\pinenecrtt REER® aoladboodonn0dh obaicd 120
Rana virescens, 22. ee 120

virescens virescens, Rana, ........... 120

virgatipes, Rana, 32, 115, 120, 122, 126, 133

virginea,- Cistudo, (tsrt/c.'05 scene cree 250

viridescens, Diemictylus,....72, 79, 80, 82,
84, 85.

Diemyctylus- viridescens,. 85

Notophthalmus, ......... 84

viridescens viridescens, Diemyctylus,.. 85

Vomer setapinnis, ........... 304, 305 332
MOIMIET,| (SEIEME)) so/aratsterstevelatstoy aracce einleieiors 306
x
xanthurus: Delostomus, <2 ......-0.s¥. 324
>. Ghihh on onqaasospae car aodote Condsic 204
Nf
y-grecum, Astroscopus, .........- 341, 342
zZ
EUS) CUTATIS) | Me lolaretetrisioy se uclatol a fonet onelteketerete 304

cailiG 2heoucuunsvogecoNb eo 303
ZONAtA,| LSCLIOlAs maple alee le frevtereetatene 298

zygena, Cestracion,

Index to Common Names.

A.
PAGE

PAA ET. Leisiavess.ececveloreisi s avstoiensiavem teenies 184

AUdErs | COPPers | asys.5 se cigars. 188
DCA Eesha cn svovbioveieceteista sald wtobeuelterare 188
Snotteds. sins emisccoe arte 157, 181, 184

PALE WEEE SS Wavaiaies. 05 les a) sycaGiaiors fore) a Side wisi ereres 265

PAGINA PU DLA TIS ce a casa) =) «i ainau iia atc) eipPeneeeyat ae 35

BMP HIDAaTS I CADING), Fsis.suienalaa sls een 85

anchovy. road banded, scsi. ejteialelele 267

Wone finned), c/-iscteyetere stele’ 268
Slender: sis si ctodcie.Gnbeee : 267

PATI GersOmm tree! COAG) sfxc.accvc-copteiilewic 108

AXEL SIG Ag CU OIRO OTTO crc 328, 330

BOCES PACKS :, (a,.y< cjsyare vsltite ovatetotores 330

IB GS. J sarecexetouaranesaconeurdatemte 330

BAST ET | iste ibieva ie) a)aiausiieyissa,icu's nah pt atatehevsetate «. 348

B.

Packer) tam ONG sy cei picisc cle croc sisierevarc «ies 230
ROU G ey ae cterstersierey onto si.cis el ene olstaue 243
MDSUSEA RC arcye ent oho oelerak cheese elie eevee te 204

IEA MMrer Mune tafereteis ate eters core sins a nercare 286

BalaoSis sess Mle loharerereveiels. 3,0, sverelsterersiis tere a 286

AMM rG TAM velareversis)sucve stale ay sisi ares a 326

DICKETEN ys se esievevetsloveraconsnsratersiane 280
Spotted! este fish), icewvere 2 c's,0.61 312

BAG COOLRSkates wis science cicietsivcierem ice 259

BR AeRACH Ca NNRA Saiereiclelo tele: syeiclelo eis. craters ete ale 289

ASS ACK S@ab erica aleneverdiersbatcvciere. 6.019 a1 316
Channels) seinccteciee caer « 324
ETIpeda cisyerincinetavarerelsteteerace wei! s 314

FARO LT ORs. ate leysvaisicletelsle chaps siereisi si sie! 131

BELIVA DUM PEL wate ciels =. sracars sro aap seis) sce! 131

ellyamiCoppery -\</sleciccesevs reve) cers eierteaamiees 188
RG CL etaee eyes tercverereteh hate srevevevensie avernie 243
BVielLO ws teleratos slcisiei eoke feist tse) or steers 235

BI SMEVECINSCACS ale cislcieis ere) cvashiele)s! su<)era.56 300

SEihy Vactin gd econo onGonco mone maoac 284
SPOLtCU MESIAL Es (eva e\ ere: everaus “seek crsiciere 259

DAC Speckled jueveresta ice secu ee eciee mine 244

Black War eelee ish. <\cve araisy erevshatsrsveravorsiepete 330
band enmielizard;, cjeicracrere Daca aaa 196
handed lizards, ose siccemine ce 196, 197
LE ore ole cyarstel ory sfarereesistat cvarene 326
FISH Pe pare re sieve. cos efalichaterchons¥avavarste 328
MOSEC MACG uy aictan cecil te over aiots 276
Rudder ® fishy 2c ecryshsserepoutetsterses 308
SEaMDASSH Balavere +) aie stays avaicls etosaere 316
SAK ey Shere ales bicve suacers tatererot 167, 168
SMAKES Hy ete ye atcia i ciehohedavosetereveretoene 167
SUCKED iiieia nc cteorcletobstorarstonstecteisicrs 276
WALCr A NIZATs nowt aiclaicicieiejc cers) 6 74

black snake, Pilot,
Blanding’s turtle,
turtles,

Blenny;.3. sicvejsteiei cetotetabotetavenalerstat rks veretaetes
blenny, Shell,
Blind, snake). ccs cnvecrttertne oon oer a
Blue angel fish,
fish,
TACEL), . s.s:sherav erarata eve eee athaieecceiae
spotted sun fish,
tail. 56 a. cemeslery eee eee
tailed lizards,
skinks,
Bloody? nouns; t.. sasneteoo eee
Blotched salamander,
IBLOWIOT,, «sie ters soils teveicein te @iepe itera Ton tena
BOWIE CVAPER:, , oicic ares oheterareree etetereisleuarets
Blunt nosed minnow,
salamanders,

ee ey

Ce a eC ee a)

IBONItOS,. <.cisj<:210,0-3%5,e a cis cxsietehelotensvenarebolenarers
Bonnet headed shark,
Box tortoise,
turtle,
box fish, Hairy,
tortoises COmmMOn la sieaieiecieeie cies
Bridled minnow, ..... bi avelalcle elevsraie iste %
Broad banded anchovy, ...... See ztsteteye
eT bora mcenoace sence eee eens
scorpion,
Snakengertsiere nels dieisiatevoncreiereiene 149,
snakes,

trout,

Bull frog,
snake,
bull frog, Poison,
Bully,
bulky) Powsonserse a -laietehoo Sb re teheiecane’Bpeisae
bumper, Belly,
Burrowing toads,
Butter fish,
butterfly fish, Ocellated, ............ 3
Streaked,

rd

ee

ee ee)

i

ey

er

Cc.

Cape May goody,
Carpenters Enos een etercteelatlaiapeteisletaiciate se
Carpeb) Snakenmetsters(seicisidisle clereinints 1 ARC
cat fish, Lake,
PimespartedSensr mini slels)s/o15' See
Spottedsi eich sicicvacsies elsccls oles
Wl sadoosababaesoos sists
cat, Stone,

ec

ey

(377)

378 REPORT

PAGE

Ghainpickerely ee cee ae 280

chee) Sounagepebove seca cs 178, 179

Giada Mouse andune sopandDoes 178

Ghannell Ubassy cyl eeetegreenst ee eat 324

Chequered terrapin, .......----+++-+++ 235

choice, Sailor’s, ...---+-+-+s----seeees 320

(Chis; ? se caooescdavunoubpoacec 268, 269, 283

ROHS | Gasdadnaoadn Tl sD COLON Lay

G@hunk Whead!) Seis ae ieee lseiol eras 188

Coachman: yeesiercieee cect ie senor 317

Cod selene pa ee years ote tatscotiehe se teastekete ts 344

AIS Hea eee ceionsiesaiseievaieselen ten dcher= phere 344

Colubrine snakes, .....-.-2-26--++-02- 144

Common box tortoise, ..--.----++++-- 247

lizards, anor eeeeeiee lari 198

Snake ce racine skkstetal: 175

soft shelled turtle, ......211, 212

speckled skate, ...-----++-+- 259

SohapssG te woo ona ob mace 7.40 313

Worle RMGgemaaadodLoodocusacoc 86

tree COAG site ciel efelenei elec teler 112

Copper adder, ...------2--+ essere 188

Prelliyah verve cree lexatalatetebeletstehe ta iare ere 188

Wench! SSosaddwosostnSeaodoa4 188

head snake, .......:--.--- 188, 190

Chico Ug ooo 05500 DUO CIO r 188

VAPENs| p elelelslere eheletelat-tatenslehelelene« 188

Cow Ashe neve emsrciein atelier terminus enero 336

nosed ray, .---ccersseeeceereees 263

Grableater, Goseee oc = lewas as tlele ins 307

Crappie, . 2.01 ee sien oem ere rnmeee cee” 350

Wicket frost) secretes sree 99, 100

only Wen coo co oonoenT CoCo 99

cricket frog, Savanna, ...-----+-+++-++> 99

cricket, Savana, ..---eeesee eee eee eee 99

Croaker eek cee niinelelsslsaieie dec ye trey 325

Groakerss 4.0 ccvas see ee helilsinetterel = 324
D.

dab, Mud, .....22525 22 tet serdececeee 341

dace, Black nosed, ..-+--+++-++-+-++++- 276

Tong nosed, ..--+--++eeeeeree: 275

INGEN A Baoooonoo aSDbel oOo po7009 269

Dapple salamander, ...---+-+-++-+++- 55

darter, Tessellated, ..-..---++++-++++> 314

Day light, .....-- Sa ROTO Od OG 338

Deaf adder, ..2---csverseeesseeeeeee 188

Deceptive sun fish, ...-++-++--+++0+> 312

De Kay’s brown snake, ....------ 157, 158

snake,’ sole escent 157

Diamond back, ....0--eeeeeeeeeseeees 230

terrapin, ...-.---: 230, 231

digger, Mud, .....----see-eeeeneeee: 220

Doctor fisher, ...-----+sseeeetsecee: 330

Dog shark, .....----:+22-:2000> 254, 255

Double bearded flying fish,...-.------ 288

drum, Banded, ....-----+-+--2e0s0'" 326

IDEs Rei asa o ae bicie clic cctrd 326

Dusky salamander, ...-.---+++++++> 74, 75

salamanders, .--------:+:7¢¢"* 74

Sharlene lorie ole yenie serie teeta 256

OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

E.
PAGE
Erin (Ory moocebopscusagcscoudGs5° 307
Wikysuderoion su ddou.and bee bo0 00cCC 256
IDO WB teoedod Seb budomenctaooob080 268
EAE MRE ia jilsyalesatevoreye/e/o heh levee) sletenniekerozage 79
IDiXcipetey seks peoodoon doco guaS OOD SOo 260
TAY Sy). aieioleie one olaletaelols) -Tehet-betorele 260
Sates c/eic ate eserere loleeietateleledatclane 260
European topes, -.------++eeeeeeeeee 253
VEE TUREG, eyaiere)s) 0)e «\eiaimie)+)= lsfovel= mbslieners 79
eye, Goggle, ......-seeeeee cere r ees 301

Er
Bence: lizards crete oo} veiw eel oie tolerenenain 198
Puile) fishy aeyer-yctetetere e)= obeinrel>erelel~vels lela eter= 333
fin, Silver, 22. .c..eee dees cee e eset eee 272
fish, Angel, .....----sseeseeeeees 328, 330
Banded spotted sun, ...---+--+++ 312
Bl acken) Socvovsicrees « teratene ete! aieinietsnan 328
Black angel, ...-.-+-e+eseeerees 330
Black rudder, ....----eeseeeees 308
Wiieh. Lego spd ooooUpog dou Con ECO 307
Blue angel, .....-++-eeeeeeeees 330
Blue spotted sun, .....-+--++--> 312
leyetgies, Goode claire letcvacactaketerner tetene 307
Cod. ie eeiectlielety-eke enka 344
Common sun, .....-.0++++s-00s 313
Cows. Gitciise cts let ie) ker ei 336
Deceptive sun, ...-+++--+++++ee> 312
DOCEOD eo ieyeres<olntelnt=tanete l= iepel rennin 330
Double bearded flying, ...------ 288
Biles) ieee: celeieets -/ ell eete rena 333
Hairy box, ...-.---.-+eeesseee> 336
Dead sys eyes ccieiele !siaclareht-a tiers 336
th Geen oeeoodedcoDodpE Sunt diodc 325
Wake. (Cateycs)cictslelare eteleisin elastic 349
Long eared sun, .....--+-+--+++> 313
Moogien sacle oie ietnceieiet til sine 304, 306
IMIOUSE) | a e:a.s 1s) elo ate (eles) =keken menial 348
Mid) SUny | ee ereis = + nel =i sonegereia 311
Ocellated butterfly, ......---+-- 329
Pine barrens cat, ....--+-:+-- Se eS
Pipes) os sisieierelelelocclels che ents ene eaer al 290
Rain water, «</sicss co smucsueunys 283
Red gi vata 'aysroysiorersisteyekeney eeasceiage 272, 273
cir esomedanpaodoooolcaccagoo oC 205
oEGts isdonbesdeoeoqado sos sso 328
Spotted cat, ...-.222++2e2scee0 349
Streaked butterfly, ......-.--+++ 330
Satay sie mole eietono\easie (oumtsr=ieredtLopteRetens 313
Sword, sic cls oe Gsic ere isfprerieernt 284
Thread sa ssisecicceeocieleiis thats thn 301
Aor Vs MERA Ayitscarcdo oo AO0Cd tc 5.02 343
Triggers sjelmvelSelee= enero er 331
Trumpet, ...-02e-es-encensens 290
MT rimless (oi clete) ois el elehaleteletshonone ye eh leisiel= 335
Wreak!) = sieiic ete elelerelefololaie ph eekkete 321
Vellow . Cats. ie sleterslelee elec) .=i-usielale 278
fishes, Sail, ....-++-+-+eseeeeees 294, 295
Gureeonsh = siacisciicem tae 330

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES.

PAGE

flounder, Hooked snout, ............. 341

PTET Comm Aris ey coheed oaKiehlatekets) os 339

Cine, Bobo sso uaoeroee 341

flying fish, Double bearded, .......... 288

Homie Spl, euowsou cdces eco Lone ne onee 92

Hour stoed) Salamander) son sdecdeces. « 52

Salamandersypemrcicrelstcle cic sere 52

Presb waters terrapins, ateleleriel-ie)s =<.) «\- 243

ingopy) LEK pd bale, Serpgieoe boo Ub eo Dado more 131

Issel A GoboombacHD.eoas 126, 127, 131

Carpentens, 7 sacra covcrave¥s ciclo sate 120

Gricketay xcirercietersne a vests 99, 100

(Cie COT ABO RO CORSO RID hchers bin Caen 134

REG STI ure cio cyersiorelersleiesiatonre Rites) © 131

Weopards, | 127.yei<isiis ste sists ietevorstets II5, 116

WarShiy » elevates verch sci sere tlsces le eiacets yous 134

Pickerelgy clei eie cicisisterecc’e s wiere 134, 135

POISOM gsi s\'cie) sr avsie corals, cay ths sucks 134

IP GiSOte DU scieteiaiaiercvevorcl st ove ae) sis 134

Savanna crickets, ssa qse/icterotire © « 99

Sad ed ra parcavets nieve tora uetele Gieledarnere 115

SSPHAGMIMS — oisiaisie sists mers wretorsl eens 120

SP LUI ay hss, sracieistcieieimis oatoer A ahs nani |Lieyae

PES BODS ficheicileie tis cSecielsateeoeier ws 134

PET EC narra rctolsse Noten 6) atals alates lofe epivorein, Sue 112

Gio) SS eae mcr heel ete es IIS

MWVOOG so rarciccaicsetoieratsicus: erate 138, 139

WiellowMlee si rasisih.ireiekeie wee oes 134

* Yellow throated green, ......... 131

Bera cle steph etna ao dvoracsucle eons 134

TERS) ORIbes CICIO OSU OSI Cite ree Ae G 114
G.

(CATES A GIGI OOO CIEE IEE EeEn Aare Ines 284, 285

DE Est 8 oe aie a aren s,0 ele marat ave citer savant ane 263

PELE TA RESTO eiwtny wc) st sla of ayes eis eeleis aleve ve a aob oaks 284

Garter Snake), a 'sjciercanee a 173, 175, 176

SHAKES sarah ctsrctei eset ahare aeteelorebiarete 172

garter snake, Slenders (2.2.0...) se cess 173

Spotted ys saversreticweitintawe.e 178

BAZCL MCAT Ss aie aiaraisiaravenstoveraaisioes = ahold. 336

GicutasSalamandersiy aver teiisreen eras arse c 36

BODY UNAM! 525.45 ctorstolereteerdrorstaaoee o's 337

GOrmIEMEVES ser cilehra sie cm elaine 301

SCAM Fe eyatarec6. 3 6.5: siays so atc 301

Gold tthread wshineriics.cleensiceecie ce 269

moodyan Cane, (Mays « oyersajs vais o revertieine 324

ERED. SEROTEC a ar 134

Crayasalamander, sno cies eee ee 55

BUAH PER) eievsls eis nare\sttaterste chet Nees 317

Greatytim nies y, yeslsstaver 2 nein oes 292

Greene hrogie ie) <tanserscorcteyador aeons 131

SHAKE; tea sien ness ¥iaarctome erate ee 162, 164

SMakesye(+, craieicia cielele wreretaetehe mevaieis 164

furtle sais sattoahorteherceene 209

GUBtLES SF selec asatestercrencte Rae cele 209

green frog, Yellow throated, ........ 131

Groundinsnakenn yo ccneereiceealelere: s 146

SNAKES keie, tosecce |e /a.3/ dra fehevey to. oe 146

Gud genni. sais sitacite cla oeine Sie care ee 271

H.
PAGE
Plad dock tectewistacrs © sicieisisis cic oe eo cerertees 346
EVAtEVMDO Ket GUplea el cre, oersicietrereraictetererelete 336
altmbeakey RAMON oc ails sis cienel she cles © crete 288
Elamimermeteader Sitchin. sts 2 srctele ic acters 257
Hardt! tarliesptsrrevercrcrersi Myf cones cr bib ove Rete 298
heady @hunlsmrenecccsies wocecntete 188
(Cyst A cicihdd daca iamres 188
TORI Mamemiatete tells “als gise: cs cig snetel seuss 276
TGORLEDR Mohieret chess hie visig ccis eiatere 215
SheeprS mma teenies cols iter elas 320
Head ‘fishy trarrasreictersisinccte te ste veer oere 336
Hedge hog iskatensemntaesieisi sionststeteleis'e 257
Hellbendér) > yee eto coreaee ara 6 37, 38
Hellbenders) (hasten eee eee sik 37
Hlerrinés "3. (Goes eee to noe aias 264
herring,» Rotunda svi teel aerate 264
Thread yy sreteva atte cies cieteisiaes 266
Hermit spade! foot toads) s..-s-)---1 92
toads sree aeee eee eas « 92
Iissing vipers nis sare eet renter 184
Hog’ nose’ snakes aqaccesaneseeen eee 184
Hop nosed) snalcesmei seieeieie seats 184, 185
Snakesyercierterteciteicereacirs 184
Hooked) snout) founder,’ s.-46 eee 341
ELOp toads. 2 iiectoctetcrcccelsete steve ereletotera ec 86
Horned) ‘snake; sc esccasceces eaties: E70
iorny “heady? scones cteeiniottete tenia sere 276
Horse mackerel, ..)cisulicteterele. ces eens 292
NOTSE;..'SEaj ais orocelo'e cearererstererwalateretetrsicte 291
Flouse: stake: <istasterstoretrerne 181, 182, 183

I.

MU ALATLAS., ie lelexetevererokenevalstnlaretareeeteiveLswereratels 198
Irish sheep's heads) clcccracta-icros ete) 328
J.
jacket, eather sce scirenie e eeteasts reels 334
Jefferson’s salamander, ............ 50, 51
A ibtetobs gets hod india taciotS cin orca eke OMLo oc Oo 126
K.

UChr GS ooqpapopocucasoauddhoeoon 325

SNAKE crete eleze) o/svcetaetovetonevers alah ec 178
Kartlandisnakesmarycrsiteciectrae 159, 160, 161
SNAKES)! o.o:ci5.c/syeic/eleiet sveleiers cavers 159

ji

Land tortoise, ........ Eaisie dete eh arose 's 247
Wake: cat/tfishty chro crs <:1s1e 84 01 sodcoeogd 349
Teaping amphibians asters cr cisieteis <lei\e = 85
Teather jackets, <icteiers/srerersteraterctanssorets' oo 334
snake, Se ata Bock Oe ASreeane 148

StIAKES} F cicieresstovcetasnd as omesieae 148

PUGt Les e/a loys cis shores sss: 33 0ohctore of 204

CITELES wala tere clelsteveroiel ses 4-203, 204

The eCH iy rersestotatele cictel veleicicvatene sava,ciststars etals 338
legs Wellowiwtccsiedctsinels xciraicvalsiciccies 134

380° REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE
Beopard) frogs ites ereteterar evs taras:sishevshe re 115, 116
Shige ater iatevetetes cscvors wreremtals 253, 255
Dighes! Daly y iere neve cals oh vie vals terete our tsiottilere 338
dined Wizard ebiven ceo accion ne 195
Wittle Mom ers Maye cs, Vs yo,is'oteysratesnmaereaser 339
Ve IZAT AS: mperrmencrsyeirere eat erstocciereryetatemataeyene volts 193
lizards; Black banded, «2 2. 0s20..6 196, 197
Biwertailed:| Caaueces aspkas etek 195
Pine stree;. csc ane hanes Ohio 178
lizard Black sbandedsmemyerscyiieriersieiieler 196
Black “waters, isc .eie ae steve sheteel's 74
Commons ecacentenn aieet 198
SGTICE Void ahisctetelfosions Wass comtlos aimee 198
Ve Mlin ed uererratetey-vene em) omcidereiels 195
Anes ile tereieveis aie eases eis eucloutogenoee 198
PANES tL us sc Bin sese speevets Beets 198, 199
TRE Sa bicker etiesetsvanecets oiteus miscatts ope 69, 79
Smiallieredsy jateeercecstacmes Saeretal sts 79
Spring, Giidickite usin cine cota 690
Wiatterin syecrasicvesnaiace mrteiecebe les tenets 79
Wellowsibellied aerate 79
WOR sere Head, tee cyocie stele ctyomisieinersioeeae 215
ELITE es wale coe is 207, 208, 215
tartles voted ceeickse iene eicisrets 206
Wong eared Sime tisk eels |-eel torent ue tales 313
Sshohalsta, EhekhoOniawy cogqgandcouaduod 268
mosedudace, lanier ees mits 275
tailed salamander, .....:..... 66, 67
tailed salamanders, .+...--....: 63

M.
Mackerel, ........ acento wa heseueretete Ke 20r
SHACKS MPP pe tetcsetoesthevoretenete 254
Mackerel fEVOLSe, ie sistema ene cnet cl eters 292
mackerels: Dhread success cesicieterssiietarere 301
Mian ie@ateriv. a sieierseveletelionerterenetocieiensanteters 256
Mapitintlenrcta-tiseiestrres silicide 2 O42 20
Marbled salamander, ..............-. 39
Marsh iro peeincicereterete cis ievcieteeoietreieiets 134
Tabb ata (ol IKARIA ODEO POGO OO OO 230
mMarshuterrapinwiSaltames cect tneer 230
tortoise, (Salts sacs <ieceeiste miele 230)
tirtle Salta icctee melee ete teens 230
Mate: Rattle Snakes Mietiolleietisioe sisi 188
INGE? Snakes -fcis ty cist nisi come auetahees ape te ocie ae 181
NHS Bethel Gonaapocmoocouendos ss . 336
minnow, Blunt nosed, -%.. 2.2...) sc. 268
Iie ooowodooennaddoodaU 271
MGI faverararetelchcteeroustslekensrsbetceaete 281
1 {o() MnO seamaOr ano code 281
Steel, sided: (sc araarcelerinterartencbete 273
IMO CCASI Ty eieteeceisieusheietvse ethene ia teres ie Ee 149
MOCCASITI VV ALCL /s sloeieiaieleleremaisiere tare 149
IMojannitary cece rice ieenter- star mieeretetexe 321
Mioometishiucterersciniscreatetaneeeuernmrate 304, 306
Miossbunker mech ciricicicrreocteetisert 266

WITT Gals, ur ocioeaclodoq eared ogeoG a0 kos 348

PAGE
Mat di Gas, Feviasie,es0vs)s5,4 tncaupices ousrone eas oteloustaiene 341
GIS BEL, a eleyslevayassyehneatatehelee ereiseere 220
TILDTITLO WY 5, wis sso ats one eeUetnete raion catere 281
Git we ooonoadcavoescones 20s 3II
turtle,.....2..220;, 220, 222,, 22350240
ELT CLES: * co sysqs\ sytrerersbetebaustehencheeeeieres 220
Muhlenberg’s terrapin, ............... 240
turtle; csacecaisysetis eenerene rene 240
rope fey Witty yao ooodmannomcdoococdoS 289
Mimmichogey arcu cassie aretiatiel soins . 282
Marskatlian ees! ores io.cs,ehcicue ovareeteneeetel te avers 350
WG iWon Hooasooadoucdoonousnne 223
Hey Wanconeoossegues 220, 223, 224
RebUKO AoondaoenooReo yoo Ba ae
N.
INGER Hepat. “Roan oolodamooguscososD0cC 22
Naked se O bys) cetstcielelevelele neta sucheledeietatetal= 337
ING wite piste ater reveversueiarctateroimenetererstorate 79, 80, 82
HIE wits) SLO WIy, | el c)eforelslelereiorevelelegelataieale 74
Waters: o arctersresereleretanersioteleeteteranete 79
NGA AD dope Ob ObHU Ol aBoTOOdaMt mo boc 79
INorfherni Stat (aztec eiers octane 341, 342
ROWS lOO Gyan ie etelleleloyelatvele SAR ee . 126
oO.
Ocellated butterfly fish, ...........-- 329
P.
Pamtedmtenrapin, eisieie sein 235, 236, 237
bbq iNelgaagdodopoDdogdUsoo OS 235
IPAMpPanOos Weyissianisies etc lole [eletre arr es 307
pampanios | ROUT, ee islalalalekeralas teralsnede 301
DATE, | WWATLGCOW) elevnielaciele) lela eieiaral- tenets 338
IREEDau felelo ceils etetere ateruiyersa cart telnet ine 104
IPEEPEDN) caisieiclclsfcteiel= «/e/elal ciplolstsnatetenetane 99, 104
perch, Pirates (joie epeyielai=lolyeteleletatatenele 310
Silvier,) srucros a ttiercacterestete 3223) 323
Wisse “Goononoousydoqa0o0¢ 315, 322
pickerel, Banded, ............--++---> 280
Chang | ie ekeieicatee eins 280
Piekerels Eros ces ciepi cise tacit 134, 135
Pickering’s tree toad, .........+.. 104, 105
pikes | Gatos oasis aielecine ore eiaednetokertaane 263
Pilot black snakes ere -relesisteke etnies 152
Snake eae ciicre erenerheve shetetes 152, 153
Gopi oneeunbonanga don nase8bo 152
Pine» barrens Cat fShy. ei ctsclalesonteneter= 278
IbvAke oma aoitdannbapieoocHoa50 8 198
Shaker ects cree clei one 170, I71
STUARES HYP oe ela teue ote eiehoides tone tickonemeneele 170
treemlizatd earlier eee 198, 199
tree, lizards esata sinister eketsrs ie 198
Ibis” Sindagodondadecce oOo ca daotS 290
Pirate percha, «sy ciis 4 toa ee eieee etl: 310
Poison bully tropa yee ieee ate eraser 134
DENK MHaHooooogdeemacoaU ad 6K 134
limo Baa becpe oo OnosqGOUCDU SC 134

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES.

PAGE
POMOC Ae ctorete eins eyctarbieveiersveceaiek sist sis co « 344
PONCABCIEREL ES ticle rfotonaiaie orese o.cielestlele ere 244
EUEELES We est ateleletatetolctetalelonttcccte:c.e'e «0 227
pond) turtley Qtimlky.) Gre. cee ects + seats 223
Porphyritic, salamanders) <5. 5205000 - 62
POU AS KM naierctheseieae ease cece ae cvs 232
Stila aaqvcvasrctisies ceanele cocaereie es 6 223
EIT haclarcreleee a clowiore tui cielaieiecre-s 223
OEUOIOS Loversteterenate sichafalossi's fers eueteetiicier e's» 232
ATER Tomer noretctetstclattatore ciettrtesiana ae cin ecs 336
Punplemsalamandersy ks so oacce cece ero « 62
Salamanders, a ieeciioeeate oreo « 62

R.
RACE LUM ia: olay) srcrn sisisie oie (ove, oc) oie verona ietels 167
PACCEMEESUIL Otic c lavcveisiuie,a clovavete ahersignca eve 167
Wihite throated,, cackarcle-cr sje tolore 167
RAI WALCE SASL 5.500165 ew) v1.6 e10)0)5 suse 85 283
IRAEEIGIAME Tencrorereishavtaioie ee arses Siete, «sree 99, I91
PAP tem STAKE ; cys cvercvevavacsve. cceiaterslsuecs IQI, 192
SHAKCSs pachatstcvencvesieksterererstsvey eis 188, 191
Snakes matey. hciniesoins os siole 188
AVAMCCOW TOSECS! (eae e.s-c ele:-eitecieo waraislexe's 263
IB Satch! So eaS on Osco ais POE EE 260
vera or Stiri oui secrsts trayabercresnetc a rceiaie 261
SAV IS RSLUMG Se soy stctarsie'e erateroroielovevsteysie 261
SLU ap ters; ciclo jeveiereis aisle cise aus: sierer es aieve 261
WiFarie SEIT? © stcorsistacieieacciesereiomioue.o 261
AV SME EGEDIC. telays ctelescici aisicete ie aie ofa eres 260
Red backed salamander, ........... Gite, HG
backedsalamanders, acesaccseicee 51
Welliediisnakes ges). = srcivsteraiesete cia ssers 156
Delliedm@ terrapins, ccc ave ovecie ete 232
bellied) turtlesty: «scsiecnc ose ae 232
Dellredinturtlestury ek cis.coscme'e cae 232
Guys Waray opstc cxepeceere Wiehe svaiels Fisveie cree 243
OU peerciars oc lsicrte mis co ercisinee sie elas e 79
sug saeco diduclotiooncoroeuns Pr cay At)
SRI Meal aierefeha tea! mereteretchece) eyereeaie ate 272, 273
NIZA Gem vayo,a76ys,. cre arate; everorarehevs: 8vs.0.014 69, 79
Salamander: os teccc oe -eteieers 69, 70, 72
EILEOLIN aera ave fotenoverere olevaioveiaje ein eke. a3 69
sedemouthe speckled: sciiciy se eeiccst e.° « 317
PREMIO ANE seta rchalejeisiciavarcia\ save /cheveraere a ciel oie 338
REDE ES e yet varsrczejereiacetiiscareveeicieres «sieves 142
Reap bani Gwstiakcen varercttiek. crciccc.c ee ote oreis 173
Ribbon) Half *beale sce seetere nee ccajee se 288
SHAKEN st oratert cialis ctete usererevers sais 173
Ring necked salamander, ............ 44
SUA; Vaiss sxcis sietereys 165, 166
Sree ach oe aietors comin 165
ROACH Me etrce aicincvercaiiaickejctsl aie cictotmee 269
IRGACH GIES pptsieralrsielsieimialcictela s/elclees visi ser 269
ROACHIES Yers o/eateienie sti sveiaratere Grave teate sere 269
ROCK Fat Pcrstevvicle aihaik ceils ete ee alee eretebereta 314
MINNOW; Serteiele ciclere ae crete sie 281
ROSY aces isc cetec sieislave cia sie erototolttele «e 269
ROU gh backii# ira civaverscierevechciser siete e 243
backed’ ‘turtle, sccece cose «6 243
scaled silversides, ........... 288

PAGE

ROUNd HHEGEIN G68 we iclere cieceieievsis cre olelevere ele 264

AID AMO pa evaval's tohei'ofe occ cl elalereterer 306

SEMI O MMTV EN Wie fole evele)iete eve ove tays/ers 261

TuddersAshae Blacks. aie hls ok elvoelone oe 308
Ss.

Saiblingeovvectuoiersctiove cists ore «ic oko 350

Sail Lisle mererssterrereeteie sister eierei e's a.sc.e-e's 295

TS MES tee ereamteerelesisialatats:creisisie 2045 (205)

Sailors) (choiceyeseieiieete veces clea eeiccis.« 320

salamander; Blotcheds) eu. cle cece + 39

Bluerspotteds /ciesic.cae eae 59

Dapplery recy stereye|cisvsissssveys.o.8 55

Duskeysurctrcrsteiacieis ec sis: ae 74, 75

BOursitOed a cajeteetae isles oie.2 52

Graven meeereeon a Ace reie td 55

Jieersoniss jaceumcmctss: SO, 5

Wong, tailed cy... eeioe 66, 67

Mar bleds Scstre.e: taevnersieree 39

Porphyrities. mucatese sei cteieies 62

Purples. ohiowrstacosetaria kt 62

REG, Ways erator iiceracrsters Goye yOu 72

Reds backeds mn cwiaen acre 55

Ring ynecked ye cmceca- ent 44

Speckled wana werreeer nee 44

Spotted, 2sc/ejetterertecte 42, 43

Sticky? © goeencentecmoeine 59

Digger,” \ ister aierescteere eesteaste 47

Two linédne nccmaeccuictns 63

Viellow;, “sceseveecnmmiero re 74

Salamanders; 3. sss wcrtaeenie sven cioeieate 36

Blunt noseds sari cee 38

Dusky 3; Maaracearrs watchs 74

Hour! toed seeyereteciectte de 52

Giant) 2 Ne aete see re ere 36

Wong talledsestasseec ee. 63

INGEN! coocosandolbboony 62

Red! backed) Ste cmeoesie. SI

Shiny; ssistat assoc 55, 59

Salt «marsh terrapin, seeker ee en rioe 230

tontoise.s | ee Ratna. -< 230

CUES W aroterete sreyeiaieteioreheter et aus 230

Sand) sharketir5) 15) sts creel tots iere s sterevatetcie: 254

Savana. cricketisascneee nn ose note 99

Savanna) Crickepytroray acieimslectete enters 99

Say 7S) Stingerayen tartan siside eens 261

scad,: Goggle Zeyel) stk ste ee eerie eee 301

scads, Bigy eyed) (5.5 %54%.se004 00 oor 300

SCOLPIONS x chrae sieteyerd dctictet ldste crete eee 195

Scorpion, “Brows y.nh onetime 198

Sculpin,. scales i daadecoe eee etek 337

sea’ bass): Blacker .2acesrince tet teehee 316

Sea. horse, seacnsceic see veces oie ens 291

LORS, Wa wicheynre) pieieiescveveserscerecevereterereters 328

turtles tip teesctitos Marcie niee os s0ehea 204, 207

sea horse; White spotted, ...000..0....- 291

Serpents) Vacca seek cies wenran coe acute 143

Shader <ivartotea Vaya ane ance o aera ere 265

Frog eee a eisis i sineetslel caters ce biate. » 115

382 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE

shark, Bonnet headed, .........0...- 257
Dogs Mee ecltriece’s newnateiteres4, $255

Dy iskey, 3 Wveperse) oF siais, sucerave sor ayorseters © 256
Hammerhead! |<, sstather- aetatch obeys 257
IFGOpALdes sate cise alent ets 255
Mackerel, iss ste anc s)sveueineerncres 254

GernG OPS SRS BR Aas on Rake 254
harp M1OSed,. - ic metas tse efor aie Zoe,

Small piwhites.\. cetscvetersiere o etene 256
Spotted: nrscrscicoe yaar sheen 255
DVitTtE ES: oss breccia siaiers Glee CAE wei taroress 256
Sharks salt er y's sieve crsisvsisevspeietsuetee ees eiefevs 255
Slrarpenosed ‘Shatki soi sieris <tscjerolecios «ie 257
SHEED ISHLEAGS sepisiocace trscisce ister tacts 320
sheep’swiead, Urishy, i 4-.a eee selec san ere 328
Shell Ublemmy;, sh. < esschcvsate ts eis) nys ee reaiencte 343
Shiner mGold thread, use sccclecien er ere 269
Silver shinsei) cree arerenieirets alegre ae 272
PEC crrciorinjessys seus eravoinre teleks 322, 323
Srlversrd esi ce trsjenic theserctors eo eacbebremeermterers 288
silversides, Rough scaled, ............ 288
skaterBarnadoor, 1). charter caecracniier 259
IBISISPOtte ds. ve vepsters e-etets eyo eon 259
Common speckled) j5-)..c0c ee 259
IECERICS Mitedsvevecsis, ors tera cuslestt ereie ae 260
edge SHON os sanyo neyerns see serere veces 257

SEM sp Otay poreqe ose) sieasohe whe sherote overage ove de telsre ve 232
Sletrakee s easte steisiesonscucssie ees eloetate heer ioleie 195
Skink. sBliaeutadleds: gertarisicisaciouenets srocterste 195
Skinless iy Wacievers te lhensvcoser acetone ate cae de wiser 194
skinks, Bluewtailed: ascetic oie 194, 195
Stender sanchoviyes see cie oascieisein eos 267
CALLErMSHAKE, Daterd-petsiele ste sleleis ie 173

iit Ea oats orcas omaodo On 232
Slimy, Salamanders). riser deleies eeiete 55, 59
Smell sed! Wizard, ae aisileciyer ee clerks 79
wihttewshatikks @.)aamseucseussiaiere os reetere 256
Snake yi. ever sjaisicicjsets sie hades clap 173, 175
Snake, "Blacks ) 2 (i. sidieiei wicks ofeusieratsicns 167, 168
123 b6a\c LOIS ISAO Ge OS a tO COC 146
BLOW 5 exec m otoiave epetucpeyouen ein es 149, 157

22 GILES Baeieninainccmaad secre Sab oc 170
Carpet, siscisyeise lawl s sgdslepetera orebeter 170
Chain Woe cmwecmioee oeeceit ere 178, 179
Commons. a. secretion score ete 175
GCopperii ss ac acsmcer ceioeiaceers 188
Copper theads. Geacs sce wise 188, 190

De Kay Ss hi lteieierer sncndne tas 157, 158
Garter, \- ccclencn ee sstare 173, (275; 170
Green cameos enlsecoenieee ete 162, 164
Ground se vonis reais nieces ine eons 146

1a Koya slol(a4 deeoesceepomgisgob Sido 184

Hog eioseds escent rie ernie 184, 185
Plorned: uss snes anne eerie 170
ROUSE, ic aye aaeeustons ote roiele 181, 182, 183

LG hs A BAO ecra cica ors bits BOG 178
leGimdewatebl es aed c04 5 Gots 159, 160, 161

WG EAtH ET, oUdcveectslere eaeeieere oeiemtele 148

a ib cee PN eR See Eee CReybictg aencrc 181

Ete a agaaaacsas nono nmd Gos 152, 153

PAGE

Snake, sbilot; blacker eee ee 152
1 at La eR RISES ATS C 170, 171
REECE. Hee.) nee eee I9I, 192

Red thellied os... ied acgse nee 156
Ribband., no acetates 173

S310) fos IID Oerockncet nou. boo 173

Ring necked ses eee 165, 166
Slender’ garter. Tens. soe oe eee 173
Spotted; § 6.0%. assy ae ge aeons 157
Spotted: garter... oe eee 178
tripe) _ ..dicic sj ales aerator teres 175
SUMMEF ou sos ee EEE 162
Thunders, 2.2 ici .4 cates Soe 178
Thunder and lightning,........ 178
Wreaterty 2 heii. toes se eusetemere 149, 150
Wramiptimiy oir 32). cise soe eee 179
Worms SiO neces se Soe 146
Yellow bellied water, .......... 148
snakes, Black;, | ci/sosptinsces see ete eerie 167
BE OWM5) . csiere sets ig whee ars oho ere eene 155
Chainer ic ad letes aceite eae 178
Colubrines ii. sevice mers eve 144
Garters Vetn ce ware copieexer meee 172
Greeny? Jsniss esis ane ele eee 164
Ground oi hoacs koa neeee 146

Hlog nosed) fist cw «cts cicie oeleiene 184
Wairtlands: caper csiarcictenieeriere 159
Weather: | <s.aeciccielet estes ener 148

Plot, fe retajecrisvoci els cicietoteiorsg token tere 152

1G See IEG OCOD OS QOD SOHO U AOonOc 170
Rattler Wescterctetereie-cvessversestoctenere 188, I9I

Ring necked sis cict<yeciete teres 165
Summer, ci. Golo. cee meee 162
Water vsciitisicicnvs oem eiiere 149
Swapper; bess clelers o:cue/oiew lene Byotersustoe tec Semen
Snapper, (Grays. to sieiss, sleds sislepseakers copes 317
Snapping mbuintlesy wu -ira-ceaetateriiee 215, 217
tUntles,, 9 a)<)c< dain = sure eter eA eS

soft shelled turtle, Common,......211, 212
Soft Shelled turtles, <(5i--s/-lem =< - yee Osmeee
Spade Thishy i auc 1 cctetens «suse vache copter 328
FOOEM Mel ieiceis eyous cee cele creer 92
FOOtMLOAT) i Gis c.eeycnatcrenomerevee 92, 96

spade. foot toad, lenmit, Gone 92
Speckled "back, ...s-52ceaamecermmeenae 244
red) mouth, «s%/s.0<.ciejeusetiesis 317
Salamander se-geel eee 44

terrapins, Uspiraseresi<teeyeete 244

tOTtoise, - . «hese cares 244

speckled skate, Common, .........:.. 259
Spelt aac. sruevecs te averse ae eres 267
Sphaecmumifroen cite cies 120
Spotted "addenss..se see oer 157, 181, 184
Goiawicibe GecnuoonncoosccacKc 349

garter (Snakes) acini 178
Salamanders .- see ier 42, 43

SHAT IS va faco storage renetenetate eters 255

Smakcese jatetesetsveratele eictete olatsieretenels 157

Star PAZ, case ste: aleve fou sls wives se 341
Unley, Oooudan connote ale 25

PAGE

MI POLLECNCOLEOISC ap faicraitiole Sieiatevalahals sol eds 244

UtACOI stele egsteyseiave usage siehcleles 79

spotted skate, Big, ............ i Sire 259

LOTLOISE MONG Wa: (aicin sie le wisieie se 244

PLING EROG cre cise sicus-s oe leicmiaae « Mis, SL

ATARI ee ACR a are oie se cetor ac 69

NOE ATM AZ SLA ycterays eevee elersiet talacp om sessions 336

Northern: caacceec es. 341, 342

SPOLEE Mw inneiscie eye erties was 341

Steelmsideds minnows sce. cele. seis 273

Stickleback, ‘Tien ispined, ..<-..0s.0.0 a0 /oe 290

hee. spimed,) sick dilsicle 290

eworspinediy ae erieeetore 290

Stick yasalamanden, tases eee so 59

BS HUNT ret OC reiaey ey sPoloveyeucsie telcos pelbcueiestah ts 262

(SOUGTS" DERIASS epiroto oe Gace neLacioisc sect 261

SHIN OMraAY ROUNG Sel scjrs-c's sere «eriaelthe, oe 261

SayiSnestia tee certo s 261

AWD tp starsat copies sheet aia vee 261

Sintslichatte Wthad (iy | a Soe ORES cc cece 223

SURI MED) Obetealai che 2. iase: ae 5) Slovo s GHA fe sna he 223

Hive OMG, EaTtless 's « . saccve cilerenistee ae 223

BOS Agadenodupn poo oe deco cae 22

EILTCI OS ays in tine chete on eeiome ER y 223

Sronmeeicat sie, tes eareat., Gees Are eae 279

streaked butterfly, fishy sacs» ascii cls 330

WEIDER MASS Eyre shoe ee ERT ane 314

SAG 3 esters: se cess are eetehae SOE 175

RSESTTSXES OTOL srci'ey, 3c) oo Rss lis es HS es 263

SUCCES ACen ope aicie tuaciscx sera rons cee 276

(Clr Cone eone ree Cate 276, 277

PUM EEO er: ser, cls cic eie ete oe 341

CTNGS Gacorcereneiee heichoey PNET a 162

SNAKES eo cisctevtie rs cadens evecolaies siete 162

SPITIME LS Ae teyy axor oe Saves accaetare ina Schnee 313

sun fish, Banded spotted, ............ 312

Bley SpoOttedsey... <ro,s\sletesne-cusvees 312

Goninon titer yh asee ea ccac 313

Deceptive, es Mer eeneryerast Maleate, sia 312

Bonprearedve rte cry rie ee 313

AAS. revere tsislotctencrt a aici othe e 311

SIL PPOMETISHESY © cre ssl ions ae ana wie 330

DWAMPRLFEEMEOAM: aia eeindaccistie ees ss 97, 98

ELECH OATS) Wares cere sie etereetre rh cuss 97

Sis | Odeo Se GU DOe ar OHO eG ae Sane 198

SOL eM Sl waar faictencte gs cit sieve avecalenen uate: 284
Ae

Pas loeee ES teem rie tac) rao oheh acs ce cookie Rirevavevens 195

Vay Wayarcne! ote to Nove & a wrareracnyel Sula erues 208

PEACH Origa yous eta ccum ar eveicve: to Stanofeleiate: etek 264

SP ATMOS sy hecses dares Ap aie o's Tree ecarele hols 264

Lien shay eeaee CocMe nD meine ocr cee 264

Ten spined stickleback, ............. 290

PREGTAp It 1h ees dotae nc cla OS skys ak eee 230

Lenrapit, 9 Chequercd a) ass ncackton mass 235

Diamond! hacks... 3 e230; 23

Hires) watersa.c cee e ince “243

Muhienberors:accteteretsclaeiacits 240

Painted: Boecissaeiclss 235, 236, 237

PAGE

terrapin, “Red bellied.) +. 725252... faesee 232
DALEAMALSIH as 1. ala ote lcuhe eae 230
SPECKLEMES vor iatnrs sara Aeere ool 244

Spottedsy ra.) snrstaretes i= cee eAde 245

Yellow bellied} «....00.2250.. 235

Yellow spotted) 10. 405044 22. 244
Tessellateds turtlesianmsasadcessee ens 314
Thread: fishy <sceurs sasananactenetoat eee. 301
SETI Spy a oausheret artes histatins 266
mackerel « yy estates nett 301
mackerel yy Wisiciscicn t.-1e een ace 301

thumb;- Millerssaenuceats cee ae. nes ae 336
Three spined stickleback, ............ 290
Thunder and lightning snake, ........ 178
Snake,» \ nv snchacta er eas re 178

higer frogs. cca eeeegeee eee eee tee 134
salamanders 4a eta ae end 47
sharks; \ctéaceeon eerie thee: 255
tPItOMS: «c/s ae ert eh ae eee 47

OAS esis Lots ested ote eee 86, 87
toad; Anderson’ tree) Ye sc saeco ee 108
Common iva aes. ee 86
Common ttreest Sinks eee. 112
FRermity.: sacys te eas cele te ete re 92
Hermit spade. foot,. ). acne sees 92

PT ODs i ays: a chennee as oer aoe cee 86
Pickeriny’s: trees «a. eee 104, 105
Spadev foot): kaso 3 oe eee 92, 96
SWAMP; * vier, <5. vic cee 97, 98

S Wamp tree. «..ieeee ane 97, 98

ET FESS ( hi mioysnaire wys:ece ra eee eter 112
Moadgtish Jeicc swims Seieete renee 343
MOadS Ao wiow ets wae also CO OR ee 85
toads:, Burrowing. + bo. okeoe eee 92
Cricketey ve ian 00 canoe oie 99
Swamp trée,.. .c\z Sesto. enolase 97

TCE pie oiai $4 20015. Gore as ee 97

Erueig, sisGcrsc.< aera eee aes 86

Trué treesy sicccmahe coon see 104

fOP) GSea) 2) distaste sort ae Ee here 328
topes, »Huropeati, |<. aneaescieeienae: 253
Morpedo}, . syacaeciepesve ocak See ee 260
fRorped oes: ieuicteccre hentia canes 260
TLOTtOISE, _,Sderaereine o neces ts otro ae 247
tortoise, Boxy were se 5O
Commons) boxs, acthacciese ce 247

Land epee picts aioeer tae iee 247

Muske te)s2 cists anticathel tie ens 223
Salt@imarshsn scemccrctee orice 230
Speckledin |. svat Siid hooevcers 244
Spotted’, os.tactsvem sroveuy sererist are 244

Woodie Aeatsboss ncterateaier euatatate 243
tortoises, Wioodge see ce eeaeecie ce 239
Tree, £rO gas stays, opottte Aenea atria aehers 112
toad) Mevacresmiccen scaler tae caers 112
toads) Me taGccen we sities etaeme dele 97

tree’, lizard Pinte accents 198, 199
treet lizardswmbiness staler evcish el ss)o-sie.ces 6 198
tree toad) “Andersongie seieireteecs « sie she 108
Common aeeise saanee. 112
Bickerine7Ss serasea en esis 104, 105

384 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

PAGE

tree toads, Swamp, ....---+-e-eeeeees 97
“abe N Seidioin coo Dono adoo aOuo 104

Trigger fish, ....-.2++-seeeeceeceeees 331
triton, Red, ...csssee- esse eeeeecees 69
Spotted, ..<2cccccsesesneees 79

“Miege Gnouoe buon.de OOo oH OUGT 47

trout, Brown, ..--eeeees seer ee tereee 350
rte eEEOGS,prctersiove ete isi seine one een iserils 115
LOAUS A fersrsateisjeresrsrecs eters 86

tree toads, ...-.--eeeeereereees 104
Trumpet fish, ...-.++++eseeeeeeerees 290
TT reariled DaGCKs . oo.ei sie eiesereie) olsier st tekeeier et 204
tunnies, Great, ...----++seeeceeeereee 292
Abartley asset Es dtay sr Waite auetcte mele ietotn eye 207, 247
turtle, Blanding’s, ...----+-++ereses 247
Boxe nies eete sect sere 247
Common soft shelled,..... Print, 2A

Greens jcc ce) jeisveinin ple elsieyesis 200
Weathers) jicteuciitiveiacheincies 204

Logger head,.....----207, 208, 215

Map; sie ccle ee vee si eleniticlai= 228, 229

Marsh, «.--..+-s0sc2esersere 230

Wikbls Pp Boo'o gan 220, 221, 222, 223, 240
Muhlenberg’s, «----+--++seeeees 240

Wiese. cauaqunuCDO GUS 220, 223, 224

INEHE Ssoodcsecdopucu coon 1 oe 223
Painted, ....-.seece eres rerees 235

Ponds frogs ances line 244

Red bellied, ....-.--+-+eeeee> 232

Rough backed, .----+-+-++++2:: 243

Salt marsh, ....----+-+++e++:> 230

Sirsa oactino vcascnu dongs 204, 207
Snapping, .--+-++++++eee 215, 217
Stinking, .....-seecsseeeeeeee 223

Stinky, ..--e+eeeceeseeeetcee? 223

Stinky pond, ...----+ereerees 223
MPurtles, se. ececssesscoeoserssesseees 202
turtles, Blanding, ...--++e-seeereseees 247
Greens) Seicaici eval crnwlelnteri 200
Teather, ..---e-eeeeeeeees 203, 204
Logger head, .-.--+-+++++: 206, 207

Map. ciclo ct nec) near 228

Wiktiely "aaisaeodod douciadI00.0.0.9Dc 220

Mitashk,y carta aictoielet voles rel ernst 219, 223

Poms) oleciare leer ol minte) alors olere 227
Redsibellieds) aceiac cette tren ao
Snapping, --+-+essss seers 214, 215

Soft shelled, ....---------210, 211

PAGE
Two lined salamander, ...........---- 63
spined stickleback, ..........+-.-- 290

Vv.
viper, Blowing, ...-----++e+eeeseeees 184
(COppers cele wielevelerc its seerendereners 188
LSS IN os ceressiele sel olorereleh- paler lecrerans 184

Ww.
Wamper, ...-cseeseccsececresseecare 178
Wampum snake, ....---+-++e+eeeeseee 178
water lizard, Black, .......----+-- 196, 197
Water lizard, ....-.-..seececce reese 79
MOCCASIN, 6 e+ « «jel e mele moe eles 149
NEW, 22 occ cece cece ecescece 79
Snakes sircislele sieves seers) nereiele 149, 150
STAKES HE eteierae etoicieto = mist leleleReletaens 149
water snake, Yellow bellied,.....-..--- 148
Wrealk (fishy, | d/s's;cle <iore« enolsi«)-yaletolohoheetentiete 321
Whip sting ray, ----+++--+++ereeteee 261
White mullet, .....----+-++ssseceees 289
perch, ......-- scence ene 315,322
Sharks Sie ocjerete cies 14 ere siateienen si 256
spotted sea horse, ..----++++: 291
throated racer, ---+++++++++++? 167
white shark, Small, ...--+---++--++-+s 256
Window. pane, .-.--ess sree eereetttes 338
Wood frog, .....02+2-s00e ses 138, 139
tortoise, «-s-ss+ssseese estes 243
tortoiSeS, ---+e-scsesee reo 239
Worm snake, .-..c+se-+sees seiner nee 146

Y
Yellow bellied lizard, ..---+++++++++ 79
terrapin, ----++s.---"° 235
water snake, ...-.--+-:- 148
Dellivay ieee otelele se iiolerielnleliesneloe 235
Cat fish, ces c oer cies oiniesmeiers 278
leg frog, ...-++- sees eee ore 134
VOBS,) cers claiaicle clev=rnie oleyeyaiercror=neane 134
salamander, ..---+++-+ereeees on 4
spotted terrapin, -.--+-+-++++++: 244
throated green frog, .--------- 131

Zs
Tebra {OS «-+0+- ceric eee reese 134

Explanation of Figures.

The references to authors refer to the following works, otherwise the
figures may be located by means of the appended references.

De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes.
_ Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass.

Miiller and Henle, Syst. Besch. Plagiost.

Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., VII, 1887.

Goode, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Animals.

Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of N. and Mid. Am. in Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus. No. 47.

Holbrook, N. Am. Herpetology, second edition.

Cope, Batrachia of N. Am. in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 34.

Cope, Croc. Liz. Snakes N. Am. in Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1808.

Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., II.

Petromyzon marinus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 49, from Goode (Pl. 251).

Carcharias littoralis.
Pl. 70 in Rep. 1906, from Storer (Pl. 36, fig. 1).
Alopias vuipes.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 53, from Goode (PI. 250).
Isurus dekayi.
Pl. r in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 6, fig. 21).

Lamna cornubica.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 56, from Goode (PI. 249).
Cetorhinus maximus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 57, from Goode (PI. 249 copied).
Cynais canis.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 255, from Storer (PI. 31, figs. 2-2a).
Galeocerdo tigrinus.

Pl. 71 in Rep. 1906, from Miiller and Henle (opposite p. 60).

Carcharhinus obscurus.

Pl. 72 in Rep. 1906, from Le Sueur (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, pt [,
1818, p. 223, Pl. —).

25 MU (385)

-386 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY SPATE MUSEUM:

Carcharhinus milberti.
Pl. 73 in Rep. 1906, from Miller and Henle (opposite p. 39).
Figs. in Rep. 1900, p. 256, teeth, from Muller and Henle.
Scoliodon terrae-novee.

Pl. 74 in Rep. 1906, original, from example described on p. 63, Rep. 1905.

Cestracion tiburo.

Pl. 75 in Rep. 1906, original, from example in Bonaparte Coll. from Italy.

Cestracion zygzena.
Pl. 76 in Rep. 1906, from Storer (PI. 38, fig. 3).

Squalus acanthias,

Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 67, from Goode (PI. 250).

Lower fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 67, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 7, fig. 24a).
Pristis pectinatus.

Figs. in Rep. 1905, p. 69, from Goode (PI. 248).

Raja erinacea.

Pl. 2 in Rep. 1905 from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 9g, fig. 29).

Raja ocellata.
Pl. 3 in Rep. 1905 from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 10, fig. 30).

Raja eglanteria.

Pl. 77 in Rep. 1906 from Le Sueur (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1824,
Des dl JER Se ;
Raja levis.

Pl. 4 in Rep. 1905 from Goode (PI. 246).
[Tetronarce occidentalis not fizured.]

Urolophus jamaicensis.
Pl. 78 in Rep. 1906 from Muller and Henle (PI. 55).
[Dasybatus centroura not figured. ]
Dasybatus hastata.
Pl. 79 in Rep. 1906 from Storer (PI. 39, fig. 3).

Dasybatus say.

Pl. 80 in Rep. 1906 from Le Sueur (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, pt. I,
sentypa Lele )))b

Myliobatis freminvillii.

Pl. 81 in Rep. 1906, original, from examples taken at Sea Isle City in
summer of 1906 by W. J. Fox.

Rhinoptera bonasus.

Pl. 82 in Rep. 1906 from Le Sueur (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, pt. I,
rete lA)

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 38

N

Manta birostris.

Pl. 5 in Rep. 1905 from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 18, fig. 39).

Acipenser sturio.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p.. 85, from Goode (Pl. 243).

Acipenser brevirostrum.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 86, from Goode (PI. 243).

Psallisostomus osseus.
Pl. 83 in Rep. 1906 from Agassiz (Poiss. Foss).

Tarpon atlanticus.
Pl. 84 in Rep. 1906 from Goode (PI. 217b).

Elops saurus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 91, from Goode (Pl. 218, uppermost figure).

Etrumeus teres.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 264, from De Kay (PI. 40, fig. 128).

Clupea harengus..
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 93, from Goode (Pl. 204).

Pomolobus mediocris.

Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 94, male, from Goode (PI. 216a).
Lower fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 94, female, from Goode (PI. 216b).

Pomolobus pseudoharengus.
Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 96, male, from Goode (PI. 207).
Lower .-fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 96, female, from Goode (PI. 208).
Pomolobus cyanonoton.
Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 98, male, from Goode (PI. 209).
Lower fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 98, female, from Goode (PI. 210).
Alosa sapidissima.
Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 100, male, from Goode (PI. 212).
Lower fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 100, female, from Goode (PI. 213).
Clupanodon oglinum.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 266, from De Kay (PI. 41, fig. 132).

Brevoortia tyrannus.
Pl. 6 in Rep. 1905 from Goode (PI. 205).

Dorosoma cepedianum.
Pl. 7 in Rep. 1905 from Goode (PI. 2174).

388. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Anchovia eurystole.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 267, from Bean (PI. 1, fig. 1).

Anchovia brownii.

Pl. 85 in Rep. 1906, original, from examples described in Rep. 1905, p. 1009.

Anchovia mitchilli.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 110, from Goode (PI. 218).

Anchovia duodecim.

Pl. 86 in Rep. 1906, original, from type.

Salvelinus fontinalis.

Pl. 8 in Rep. 1905 from Goode (Pl. 192).

Osmerus mordax.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 115, from Goode (PI. 199).

Synodus foetens.
Pl. 9 in Rep. 1905 from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 88, fig. 236).

Anguilla chrisypa.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 119, from Goode (PI. 239).

Leptocephalus conger.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 122, from Goode (PI. 240).

Gymnothorax ocellatus.

Pl. 10 in Rep. 1905, original, from example described on p. 124.

Hybognathus nuchalis regius.

Frontispiece in Rep. 1905, original, from an example taken in the Neshaminy
Creek, near Hulmeville, Bucks Co., Pa., in Sep. of 1903, by T. D. Keim and
H. W. Fowler.

Pimephales notatus.

Pl. 87 in Rep. 1906, adult, original, from the Susquehanna River at York
Furnace, York County, Pa., in May of 1906, taken by Witmer Stone.
Pl. 88 in Rep. 1906, young, original, secured with the above.

Semotilus bullaris.

Upper fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 131, original. An unusual variation of young
with 8 branched anal rays, takenin the Pennypack Creek of the Delaware
basin, near Holmesburg, Phila. Co., by H. W. Fowler.

Lower fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 131, from Goode (Pl. 228).

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 268, young, from Storer (Pl. 22, fig. 2).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 380

Semotilus atromaculatus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 133, young, original, taken in the Pennypack Creek, of
the Delaware basin, near Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa., by H. W. Fowler.
Pl. 89 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 228).

Leuciscus vandoisulus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 269, from Cope (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila.,
POU 1869, Pip 13; fie: 2):

Leuciscus margarita.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 269, from Cope (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., XIII,

iifsterey, AEN sh Matters an)
Brama crysoleucas.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 136, young, original, taken in the Pennypack Creek at
Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 137, from Goode (PI. 227).

[Brama crysoleucas versicolor not figured.]

Notropis bifrenatus.

Pl. 1z in Rep. 1905, original, from an example taken in the Pennypack
Creek, of the Delaware basin, at Holmesburg, Phila. Co, Pa, by H. W.
Fowler.

Notropis procne.

Pl. 12 in Rep. 1905, original, from an example taken in the Pennypack
Creek, of the Delaware basin, at Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa. by H. W.
Fowler.

Notropis hudsonius amarus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 271, from Cope (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XIII,
1869, Pl. 12, fig. 3).

Notropis analostanus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 272, from Cope (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XIII,
rite!6;0), Teil, ami, slay s)))e

Notropis cornutus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 273, from Storer (PI. 21, fig. 3).

Notropis chalybzeus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 145, original (from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904,
Pl. 17, lower figure).
Notropis chalybzeus abbotti.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 147, original (from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904,
Pl. 17, upper figure).

Notropis photogenis amoenus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 148, young, original, from an example taken in the
Neshaminy Creek, near Hulmeville, Bucks Co., Pa., in Sept. 1904, by T. D.
Keim and H. W. Fowler.

390 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Rhinichthys cataracte.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 275, from Storer (Pl. 22, fig. 1).

Rhinichthys atronasus.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 276, from Storer (Pl. 21, fig. 4).

Hybopsis kentuckiensis.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 153, from Goode (PI. 229).

Pl. 90 in Rep. 1906, young, original, from an example taken in the Susque-
hanna River at York Furnace, York Co., Pa. in May of 1906, by H. W.
Fowler.

Exoglossum maxillingua.

Pl. 13 in Rep. 1905, original, from an example taken in the Red Clay Creek
near Mendenhall, in the Brandywine drainage of the Delaware basin, Chester
Co., Pa., on April 15th, 1904, by Alfred Satterthwait and H. W. Fowler.

Catostomus commersonnii.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 156, young, original, from young example taken in the
Pennypack Creek at Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa., by H. W. Fowler.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 157, from Goode (Pl. 223).

Catostomus nigricans.

Pl. ot in Rep. 1906, original, from example described on p. 158, Rep. 1905.

Ermiyzon sucetta oblongus.
Fig. above in Rep. 1905, p. 160, young, original, from an example taken in
the Pennypack Creek at Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa., by H. W. Fowler.
Fig. below in Rep. 1905, p. 160, adult, from Goode (PI. 220).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 277, young, from Bean (PI. 1, fig. 20).
Moxostoma macrolepidotum.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 163, from Goode (Pl. 222a).

Felichthys marinus.

Pl. 14 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 235).
Ameiurus catus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 167, from Goode (Pl. 232).
Ameiurus natalis prosthistius.
Pl. 92 in Rep. 1906, originals, from type described on p. 167 in Rep. 1905.
Ameiurus nebulosus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 169, from Goode (Pl. 233).

Schilbeodes gyrinus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 270, original from example taken in the Pennypack
Creek at Holmesburg, Phila. Co., Pa., by H. W. Fowler.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 301

Schilbeodes insignis.
Pl. 15 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 28, fig. 66).

Esox americanus.
Pl. 33 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ich. S& C., Pl. “27” [28] figs. 2).

Esox reticulatus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 179, from Goode (PI. 183).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 280, young, from Bean (PI. 1, fig. 17).

Umbra pygmeza.

Pl. 16 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan & Evermann (PI. 99, fig. 268).
Fundulus majalis.

Fig. of young in Rep. 1905, p. 185, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 101.
fig. 271b).

Fig. of female in Rep. 1905, p. 187, from Goode (Pl. 185).

Fig. of male in Rep. 1906, p. 281, original, from Sea Isle City, July atst,
1906, by W. J. Fox and H. W. Fowler.

Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus.

Pl. 17 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (Pl. 102, fig. 273).

Fundulus diaphanus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, male, p. 194, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 103, fig.

275).
Fig. in Rep. 1905, female, p. 195, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 103, fig.

2754).
, Zygonectes lucie.

Pl. 18 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 107, fig. 286).

Lucania parva.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 283, from Bean (PI. 2, fig. 18).

Cyprinodon variegatus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 199, male, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 111, fig. 206).
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 200, young, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 112, fig.
206a ).
Tylosurus marinus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 204, from Goode (Pl. 181).

Tylosurus raphidoma.
Pl. 19 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 116, fig. 308).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 285, young, from Bean (Pl. 2, fig. 15).
Scombresox saurus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 207, from Goode (Pl. 181).

392 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Hyporhamphus unifasciatus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 208, from Goode (Pl. 182).

Hemiramphus brasiliensis.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 286, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 117, fig. 313).

Euleptorhamphus velox.

Pl. 94 in Rep. 1906, original, from example described in Rep. 1905, ‘p. 209.

[Cypselurus californicus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 211, not Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque), from
Goode (Pl. 182).]

Cypselurus furcatus.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 288, from Le Sueur (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I,
pe L weé20, Pl. 4, he? 1).
Kirtlandia vagrans laciniata.

Pl. 95 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example collected at Ocean City, Cape
May County, Aug. 30th, 1905, by P. Lorrilliere, D. McCadden and H. W.
Fowler.

Menidia beryllina cerea.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 288, from Kendall (Rep. U. S. F. Com., 1901 (1902),
p. 261, fig. —).
Menidia menidia notata.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 216, from Goode (Pl. 180).

Mugil cephalus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 218, from Goode (PI. 179).

Mugil curema.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 220, from Goode (Pl. 179).

Sphyrzena barracuda.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 222, from Goode (PI. 178).

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 280, young, from Bean (PI. 2, fig. 14).
Sphyrzena borealis.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 222, from Goode (PI. 178).

Pygosteus pungitius.
Pl. 06 in Rep. 1906, original, from example described in Rep. 1905, p. 224.

Gasterosteus bispinosus.
Pl. 97 in Rep. 1906, original, from example described in Rep. 1905, p. 225.

Apeltes quadracus.
Pl. 20 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 120, fig. 322).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 393

Fistularia tabacaria.
Pl. 98 in Rep. 1906, from Storer (PI. 25, fig. 1).

Syngnathus fuscus.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 290, from Storer (Pl. 33, fig. 3).

Hippocampus hudsonius.

Pl. 21 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 121, fig. 327).

Hippocampus punctulatus.

Pl. 99 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example taken at Key West, Fla., by
E. Bates.

Scomber scombrus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 238, from Goode (PI. gt).

Scomber colids.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 239, from Goode (PI. 91).

Pelamys alieterata.

Pl. 22 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 134, fig. 366).

Albacora thynnus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 241, from Goode (PI. 96).
Sarda sarda.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 242, from Goode (PI. 92).
Scomberomorus maculatus.
Fig. in, Rep. 1905, p. 244, from Goode (PI. 93).
Scomberomorus regalis.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 246, from Goode (PI. 94).
Istiophorus nigricans.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 295, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 137, fig. 376).
Trichiurus lepturus.
Pl. 23 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 114).
Xiphias gladius.
Figs. in Rep. 1905, p. 249, from Goode (PI. 115).
Naucrates ductor.

Pl. 24 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 107).

Seriola zonata.
Pl. 25 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 139, fig. 381).

304 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Seriola lalandi.

Pl. 26 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 140, fig. 382).

Trachurops crumenophthalmus.
Pl. 100 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 100).

'Decapterus punctatus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 254, from Goode (PI. 102).

Caranx hippos.
Pl. 27 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 99).

Caranx crysos.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 256, from Jordan and Evermann (Pl. 142, fig. 388).

Caranx latus.

Pl. 28 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 142, fig. 389).

Blepharis crinitus.
Pl. 101 in Rep. 1906, from De Kay (PI. 25, fig. 76).

Vomer setapinnis.

Pl. 29 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 97).

Selene vomer.

Pl. 30 in Rep. 1905, young, from Jordan and Evermann (PI: 144, fig. 303).
Pl. 31 in Rep. 1905, adult, from Goode (Pl. 98).
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 260, adult, from Goode (PI. 98).

Chloroscombrus chrysurus.
Pl. 32 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 145, fig. 304).

Trachinotus falcatus.

Pl. 33 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 105).

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 306, young, from Bean (PI. 3, fig. 5).
Trachinotus carolinus.

Pl. 34 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 104).

Pomatomus saltatrix.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 266, from Goode (PI. 174).

Rachycentron canadus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 268, from Goode( Pl. 174).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 307, young, from Bean (PI. 2, fig. L3)s
Seserinus paru.

Pl. 35 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 110).

-

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Poronotus triacanthus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 270, from Goode (Pl. 111).

Palinurichthys perciformis.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 272, from Goode (Pl. 111).

Coryphzena hippurus.

Figs. in Rep. 1905, p. 273, from Goode (PI. 10g).

PI.

P

P

iB

i

iE

P

PL

Pr.

PL

Pi

—

1.

1;

1,

1.

1.

ik

—

—

—

—

36 in Rep.

37 in Rep.

38 in Rep.

39 in Rep.

40 in Rep.

. 41 in Rep.

42 in Rep.

43 in Rep.

44 in Rep.

45 in Rep.

46 in Rep.

47 in Rep.

Aphredoderus sayanus.
1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 122, fig. 331).

Acantharchus pomotis.

1905, from Goode (PI. 150).

Enneacanthus gloriosus.

1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 158, fig. 122).

Enneacanthus obesus.

Mesogonistius cheetodon.

1905, from Goode (PI. 161).

Lepomis phenax.

1905, original, from the type of Apomotis phenax Jordan.

Lepomis auritus.

1905, from Goode (PI. 154).

Lepomis palladus.
1905, from Goode (PI. 155).

Eupomotis gibbosus.
1905, from Goode (PI. 153).

Perca flavescens.
1905, from Goode (PI. 168).

Percina caprodes.

1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 165, fig. 436).

Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi.

1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 171, fig. 451).

Boleichthys fusiformis erochrous.

1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 177, fig. 469).

395

. 102 in Rep. 1906, original, from pool at head of Egg Harbor River.
. Cope.

396 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Roccus lineatus.
Pl. 48 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 170).

Morone americana.
Pl. 49 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 173).

Epinephelus morio.
Pl. 50 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 164).

Centropristis striatus.

Pl. 51 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 162).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 316, young, from Bean (PI. 3, fig. 12).

‘

Eudulus auriga.
Pl. 103 in Rep. 1906, from Cuvier (Hist. Nat. Poiss., Atlas I, Pl. 52).

Pseudopriacanthus altus.
Pl. 52 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 195, fig. 512).

Lobotes surinamensis.

Pl. 53 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 175).

Lutianus griseus.

Pl. 104 in Rep. 1906, from Evermann and Marsh (Bull. U. S. F. C., 1809
(1900)3 (BIE 17),

Lutianus blackfordii.
Pl. 54 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 141).

Hzemulon plumieri.

Pl. 55 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 144).

Anisotremus virginicus.

Pl. 56 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 209, fig. 539).

Orthopristis chrysopterus.
Pl. 57 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 146).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 317, young, from Bean (PI. 3, fig. 11).
Stenotomus chrysops.
Pl. 58 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 133) -

Lagodon rhomboides.
Pl. 59 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 138).

Archosargus probatocephalus.
Pl. 60 in Rep. 1905, adult, from Goode (PI. 131).

Pl. 61 in Rep. 1905, young, from Goode (Pl. 130).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 321, young, from Bean (PI. 3, fig. 10).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 397

Eucinostomus gula.

Pl. 105 in Rep. 1906, from Girard (U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Ich., 1859, Pl.
Q, fig. 10). :
Mullus auritus.

Pl. 62 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 132, fig. 360).

Cynoscion regalis.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 330, from Goode (Pl. 120, lower fig.).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 322, young, from Bean (PI. 2, fig. 6).

Cynoscion nebulosus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 331, from Goode (PI. 120, upper fig.).

ra

Bairdiella chrysura.

Pl. 63 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI.. 126).

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 323, young, from Bean (PI. 1, fig. 9).
Scizenops ocellatus.

Pl. 64 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 125).

Leiostomus xanthurus.
Pl. 65 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 124).

Micropogon undulatus.
Pl. 106 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 128).

Menticirrhus americanus.
Pl. 66 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 127b).

Menticirrhus saxatilis.
Pl. 67 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 1274).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 325, young, from Bean (Pls. 2-3, figs. 7-8).
Pogonias cromis.

Figs. in Rep. 1905, p. 338, from Goode (Pls. 121 and 122).

Lopholatilus chamzleonticeps.
Pl. 68 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 177).

Tautogolabrus adspersus.
Pl. 69 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 86).

Tautoga onitis.

Pl. 70 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 85).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 328, young, from Bean (PI. 3, fig. 3).

Cheetodipterus faber.
Pl. 71 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 176).

398 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Chzetodon ocellatus.
Pl. 72 in Rep. 1905, from Bean (Pl. 1, fig. 4).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 320, from Bean (PI. 1, fig. 4).

Chezetodon striatus.

Pl. 108 in Rep.. 1906, from Evermann and Marsh (Bull. U. S. F. C., 1899
(1900), Pl. 34).

Pomacanthus arcuatus.
Pl. 73 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 251).

Angelichthys ciliaris.

Pl. 107 in Rep. 1906 from Evermann and Marsh (Bull. U. S. F. C., 1899
(1900), Pl. 37).

Teuthis hepatus.
Pl. 109 in Rep. 1906, from Cuvner (Hist. Nat. Poiss., Pl. 288).

Balistes carolinensis.
Pl. 74 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 38).

Stephanolepis hispidus.
Pl. 75 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 259, fig. 635).

Alutera schoepfii.

Pl. 76 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 260, fig. 636).

Lactophrys trigonus.

Figs. in Rep 1906, p. 335, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 263, fig. 641,
641a).

Lagocephalus lzvigatus.
® ~
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 362, from Goode (PI. 36, lower fig.).

Spheroides maculatus..

Pl. 77 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 264, fig. 645).

Trichodiodon pilosus.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 336, from Mitchill (Trans. Lit. Philos. Soc. N. Y., I,
TSrss el 6,0hen A).
Chilomycterus schoepfi.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 367, from Goode (Pl. 36, upper fig.)

Mola mola.
Pl. 78 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 35).

Sebastes marinus.
“Pl. 79 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 75).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 399

Uranidea gracilis.

Pl. 110 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example taken at Douglassville,
Berks County, Pa. §S. N. Rhoads.

Myoxocephalus zeneus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 337, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 295, fig. 716,
716a).
Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus.

Pl. 80 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 73, lower fig.). P

Hemitripterus americanus.

Pl. 81 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 74a).

Aspidophoroides monopterygius.
Figs. in Rep. 1905, p. 377, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 312, figs. 756,

756a).
Cyclopterus lumpus.

Pl. 82 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 70).

Prionotus carolinus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 381, from Goode (PI. 71, upper fig.).

Prionotus evolans strigatus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 382, from Goode (PI. 71, lower fig.).

Cephalacanthus volitans.
Pl. 83 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 323, fig. 778).

Gobiosoma bosci.
Pl. 111 in Rep. 1906, original, taken from Merganser eS killed in
Chesapeake Bay. D. McCadden.
Echeneis alba-cauda.
Pl. 84 in Rep. 1905 from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 329, fig. 796).

Remora remora.

Pl. 112 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example from Italy.

Lophopsetta maculata.
Pl. 85 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 382, fig. 938).

Etropus microstomus.
Pl. 113 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example presented by the U. S. Nat.
Mus. obtained at Ocean City.
Hippoglossus hippoglossus.
Pl, 86 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 54).

400 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Paralichthys dentatus.
Pl. 87 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 42).

Limanda ferruginea.
Pl. 88 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 49).

Pseudopleuronectes americanus.

Pl. 89 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 44).

Achirus fasciatus.
Pl. 90 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 41).

Astroscopus guttatus.
Pl. 91 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 60, lower fig.).
Pl. 114 in Rep. 1906, from Abbott (Proc. Acad Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, Pl. 7).
Upper fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 342, from Abbott (1. c.).
Two lower figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 342, young, from Bean (PI. 1, figs. 1-2).
Blennius fucorum.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 343, from Valenciennes (Hist. Nat. Poiss., Pl. 324,

lower fig.).
Hypleurochilus geminatus.

Pl. 115 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example found in oyster shell from
Chincoteague, Va., by Dr. C. C. Abbott.
Pholis gunnellus.
Pl. 92 in Rep. 1905, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 342, fig. 832).

Anarhichas lupus.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 405, from Goode (PI. 69, upper fig.).
Zoarces anguillaris.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 407, from Goode (PI. 67, upper fig.).
Rissola marginata.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 408, from Goode (Pl. 66, upper fig.).

Ammodytes americanus.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 410, from Goode (PI. 66, middle fig.).

Opsanus tau.
Pl. 116 in Rep. 1906, adult, from Storer (Pl. 10, fig..2).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 343, young, from Storer (Pl. 10, fig. 1).
Pollachius virens.

Pl. 117 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 60, upper fig.).

Microgadus tomcod.
Pl. 93 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 58b).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Gadus callarias.
Pl. 94 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 58a).

Melanogrammus eeglefinus.
Pl. 95 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 59a).

Lota maculosa.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 417, from Goode (PI. 61, lower fig.).

Phycis regius.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 418, from Goode (PI. 68, upper fig.).

Phycis tenuis.
Fig. in Rep.. 1905, p. 420, from Goode (PI. 62, lower fig.).

Phycis chuss.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 420, from Goode (Pl. 62, upper fig.).

Brosme brosme.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 422, from Goode (PI. 61, upper fig.).

Merluccius bilinearis.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 423, from Goode (PI. 65, lower fig.).

Lophius piscatorius.
Pl. 96 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 60).

Pterophryne histrio.
Pl. 118 in Rep. 1906, from Storer (Pl. 18).

Cyprinus carpio.
Pl. 97 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 230).

Carassius auratus.
Pl. 98 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 231).

Ictalurus punctatus.

Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 349, from Jordan and Evermann (PI. 25, fig. 58).

Ameiurus lacustris.
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 349, from De Kay (PI. 52, fig. 170).

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha.
Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 432, from Goode (PI. 186, lower fig.).

Salmo salar.

Fig. in Rep. 1905, p. 433, from Goode (PI. 186, upper fig.).

26 MU

401

402 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM,

Salmo fario.

Pl. 119 in Rep. 1906, from Agassiz (Poiss. Eur. Central., 1830, Pl. 3).

Salvelinus alpinus.

Pl. 120 in Rep. 1906, from Smitt (Hist. Scand. Fish. Ed. 2, 1895, Pl. 38,

figs. I-2).

Esox masquinongy.

Pl. 121 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 184, lower fig.).

Pi.

—

Pl.

—

Pomoxis annularis.

122 in Rep. 1906, from Goode (PI. 160).

Pomoxis sparoides.

99 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 159).

Ambloplites rupestris.

Pl. 100 in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 149).

Micropterus dolomieu.

Pl. tot in Rep. 1905, from Goode (PI. 148).

Pl. 102 in R

Pl: 103 in

Micropterus salmoides.
ep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 147).

[Stizostedion canadense.

Rep. 1905, from Goode (Pl. 169, upper figure.) Wrongly

identified as Stizostedion vitreum].

Pl. 1 in Rep
Figs. in Rep

PAZ rinelvep:
Figs. in Rep.

Plessinekep:
Figs. in Rep.

Pl. 4 in Rep.
Figs. in Rep.

Pi Seineiveps

[Roccus chrysops not figured. ]
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis.
1906, from Harlan (Med. Phys. Res., 1835, opposite p. 177).
. 1906, p. 37, from Cope (p. 39, fig. 5).
Ambystoma opacum.
1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2,.V, 1842, Pl. 23).
1906, p. 39, from Cope (p. 55, fig. 8).
Ambystoma punctatum.
1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 22).
1906, pp. 42 and 43, from Cope (p. 60, fig. 9 and PI. 18).
Ambystoma conspersum.
1906, original, from type.
1906, p. 44, from Cope (p. 62, fig. Io).
Ambystoma bicolor.

1906, original, from type.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 403

Ambystoma tigrinum.

Pl. 6 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 26).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 47, from Cope (p. 68, fig. 12).

Ambystoma jeffersonianum.

Pl. 7 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Eid. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 14).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 51, from Cope (p. 91, fig. 15).

Hemidactylium scutatum.

Pl. 8 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example obtained at Swartzwood Lake,
Warren County. S. N. Rhoads.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 52, from Cope (p. 131, fig. 29).

Plethodon erythronotus.

Pl. 9 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example obtained at Kinkora Creek,
Burlington County, by Dr. C. C. Abbott, T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 55, from Cope (p. 136, fig. 30).

Plethodon glutinosus.

Pl. 10 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 10).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 60, from Cope (p. 141, fig. 31).

Gyrinophilus porphyriticus.

Pl. 11 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 28).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 62, from Cope (p. 156, fig. 37).

Spelerpes bislineatus.

Pl. 12 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 16).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 64, from Cope (p. 166, fig. 40).

Spelerpes longicauda.

Pl. 13 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 19).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 67, from Cope (169, fig. 41).

Spelerpes ruber.
Pl. 14 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example obtained at Bacon Hill, Cecil
County, Md., February th, 1907, by A. H. Grosh and H. W. Fowler.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 70, from Cope (p. 174, fig. 43).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 72, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 319).

Desmognathus fusca. F
Pl. 15 in Rep. 1906, original, from examples obtained at Gold, Potter
County, Pa., June of 1906, by T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler. (Published
previously in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, Pl. 13).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 75, from Cope (p. 195, fig. 48).

404 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Diemictylus viridescens.

Pl. 16 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 25).
Pl. 17 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 17).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 80, from Cope (p. 210, fig. 53).

Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 82, from Cope (p. 208, fig. 52).

[Bufo lentiginosus.

Pl. 18 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, V, 1842, Pl. 4).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 87, from Cope (p. 285, fig. 70).]

Scaphiopus holbrookii.

Pl. 19 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 27).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 96, from Cope (p. 300, fig. 74).

Pseudacris triseriatus.

Pl. 20 in Rep. 1906, from Baird (U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., II, pt. 2, 1859,
TEAR Gi, sukeas, vIn Gy hovel, (0)
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 98, from Cope (p. 343, fig. 87).

Acris gryllus crepitans.

Pl. 21 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 33).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 100, from Cope (p. 326, fig. 82).

Hyla pickeringii.

Pl. 22 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example obtained at Palermo, Cape
May County, April 15th, 1906, by G. Z. Hartman, T.-D. Keim and H. W.
Fowler.

Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 105, from Cope (p. 354, fig. 88).

Hyla andersonii.
Pl. 23 in Rep. 1906, from Cope (PI. 74, fig. 1).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 108, from Cope (p. 366, fig. 91).

Hyla versicolor.
Pl. 24 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 28).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 112, from Cope (p.375, fig. 95).

Rana pipiens.

Pl. 25 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 22).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 116, from Cope (p. 402, fig. 100).

Rana virgatipes.

Pl. 26 in Rep. 1906, original, from examples obtained at Mare Run, Atlantic
County, by T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler, April 23d, 1905. (Published
previously in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, Pl. 40).

Rana catesbeiana.

Pl. 27 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 18).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 127, from Cope (p. 424, fig. 108).

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 405

Rana clamata.

Pl. 28 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 21).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 131, from Cope (p. 421, fig. 107).

Rana palustris.

Pl. 29 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 95).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 135, from Cope (p. 407, fig. 102).

Rana sylvatica.

Pl. 30 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 24).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 139, from Cope (p. 450, fig. 115).

Carphophiops amezenus.

Pl. 31 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 27).
Figs. in Rep 1906, p. 146, from Cope (p. 736, fig. 151).

Regina leberis.

Pl. 32 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 13).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 148, from Cope (p. 994, fig. 265).

Natrix sipedon.

Pl. 33 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 6).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 150, from Cope (p. 970, fig. 251).

Elaphe obsoletus.

- Pl. 34 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 19).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 154, from Cope (p. 845, fig. 104).

Storeria occipito-maculata.
Pl. 35 in Rep. 1906, from Jan (Icon. Ophid., II, livr. 30, Oct. 1868, Pl. 1,

fie) |.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 156, from Cope (p. 1004, fig. 269).

Storeria dekayi.

Pl. 36 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 14).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 158, from Cope (p. 1001, fig. 268).

Clonophis kirtlandii.
Pl. 37 in Rep. 1906, from Jan (Icon Ophid., II, livr. 30, Oct., 1868, Pl. 1,
ee 2).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 160, from Cope (p. 996, fig. 266).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 161, from Jan (1. c.).

Opheodrys estivus.

Pl. 38 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 3).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 162, from Cope (p. 785, fig. 170).

406 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Liopeltis vernalis.
‘Pl. 39 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 17).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 164, from Cope (p. 782, fig. 169).
Diadophis punctatus.
Pl. 40 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 18).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 166, from Cope (p. 751, fig. 162).
Bascanion constrictor.
Pl. 41 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 9).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 168, from Cope (p. 791, fig. 171).
Pituophis melanoleucus.
Pl. 42 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 1).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 171, from Cope (p. 868, fig. 203).
Thamnophis sauritus.
Pl. 43 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 4).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 173, from Cope (p. 102, fig. 276).
Thamnophis sirtalis.
Pl. 44 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 11).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 176, from Cope (p. 1069, fig. 300).
Lampropeltis getulus.
Pl. 45 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 21).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 179, from Cope (p. 914, fig. 227).
[Lampropeltis doliatus.
Pl. 46 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 15)].

Lampropeltis doliatus clericus.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, pp. 182, 183, from Cope (p. 888, fig. 212 and PI. 32, fig. 2).

Heterodon platirhinos.

Pl. 47 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, IV, 1842, Pl. 17).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 185, from Cope (p. 764, fig. 165, and p. 762, fig. 165).

Agkistrodon contortrix.
Pl. 48 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 8).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 190, from Cope (p. 1136, fig. 326).
Crotalus horridus.
Pl. 49 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, III, 1842, Pl. 1).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 192, from Cope (p. 1186, fig. 342).
Eumeces fasciatus.

Pl. 50 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 18).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 195, from Cope (p. 634, fig. 125).

EXPLANATION (OF FIGURES) 407

Liolopisma laterale.
Pl. 51 in Rep. 1906, ofiginal, from an example taken at Atsion in Burlington
County, N. J., September 2d, 1901, by J. A. G. Rehn.
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 197, from Cope (p. 323, fig. 123).

Sceloporus undulatus.

Pl. 52 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 9). .
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 199, from Cope (p. 372, fig. 58).

Dermochelys coriaceus.

Pl. 53 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 6).
Fig. in Rep. 1906, p. 205, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 6).

Caretta caretta.

Pl. 54 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 4).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 208, from Agassiz (Pl. 6, figs. 13-16).

Chelonia mydas.

Pl. 55 in Rep. 1906, from Sowerby and Lear (Tort. Ter. Turt., 1872, Pl. 59).
PI. 56 in Rep. 1906, from Sowerby and Lear (1. c., Pl. 60).

Aspidonectes spinifer.

Pl. 57 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, II, 1842, Pl. 1).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 212, from Agassiz (Pl. 6, figs. 1 and 2).

Chelydra serpentina.

Pl. 58 in Rep. 1906 from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 23).
Figs, in Rep. 1906, pp. 215, 217, from Agassiz (Pl. 4, figs. 13-16; Pl. 5 figs.
18-19).

: Kinosternon pensylvanicum.
Pl. 59 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 21).

Figs. in Rep. 1906, pp. 221, 222, from Agassiz (Pl. 4, figs. 7-12; Pl. 5, figs.
16-17.

Terrapene odorata.
Pl. 60 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 22).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 224, from Agassiz (Pl. 4, 1-6).

Graptemys geographica.
ae
Pl. 61 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 14).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 229, from Agassiz (Pl. 2, figs. 7-9).
[Malaclemys centrata.
Pl. 62 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 12).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 231, from Agassiz (PI. 1, figs. 10 and 12).]
Pseudemys rubriventris.
Pl. 63 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 6).

408 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM.

Chrysemys picta.
Pl. 64 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 10).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, pp. 236, 237, from Agassiz (PI. 1, figs. 1-5).

Clemmys muhlenbergii.
Pl. 65 in Rep. 1906, original, from an example taken at Medford, Burlington
County, N. J., May 20th, 1905, by Witmer Stone.

Clemmys insculpta.

Pl. 66 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 13).

Clemmys guttata.
Pl. 67 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 11).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 245, from Agassiz (PI. 1, figs. 7-9).
Emydoidea blandingi.
Pl. 68 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 3).

Didicla carolina.

Pl. 69 in Rep. 1906, from Holbrook (Ed. 2, I, 1842, Pl. 2).
Figs. in Rep. 1906, p. 248, from Agassiz (PI. 4, figs. 17-19).

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ie
: rh ie
‘
i ie z
an
e
’ a8 f
i Yo?
t- re
i
5
he
. i-
' -
F x
, ie ae
i
7
“4 at
}
‘
ft
on Pe
Yee), ,
y a -
4
yee
= p
Zs ray
ir
’
a =
: ao
* My
Ww,
ee “
te seat
¢ iy
?
Ku
é
} i
Le Pe
uv 4 t
i ,

“
‘
Foy
ry
al ie
el OE
S

TPNYOSL winzeynos winijAzOepiway "YSAQNVWVIVS G3O0OL ynNOS

oti

ye as

8 HLW1d

PLATE 9.

RED BACKED SALAMANDER. Plethodon erythronotus (Green).

‘(WeeIp)) snsouljnj|h uopoyywid "YAQGNVWVWVI1IVS AMOILS

Roe ¢

5
Ob FE Sats 0

‘Ol ULV Id

“(mear)) snoikudsod snjiydouuwk “YaaNVWNVIVS 3tdund

aneeusies

TE ULV Id

ate
cay
iS

‘(usery) snzesuljsiq sedusjedg “YAGNVNVIVS GANIT OML

‘GL ALV Id

“(a90.r)) epneo|Buo] sedusjadg “YaqNVNVIVS G3TIVL 9NO7

“SL ALV Id

PLATE 14.

RED SALAMANDER. Spelerpes ruber (Daudin).

PLATE 15.

DUSKY SALAMANDER. Desmognathus fusca (Rafinesque).

oa

Wy
bs

(ULIoy oenby) -(onbsougey) susosepi4ia snjAyo1waig ‘LMAN

‘OT ALV Id

(‘WIOF puR, poy) ‘(onbsouyey) SusdsapiuiA snjApOIWIIG “LMAN

10 HLVWId

TOAD. Bufo lentiginosus (Shaw).

PLATE 19.

SPADE FOOT TOAD. Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan).

PLATE 20.

Pseudacris triseriatus (Wied).

SWAMP TREE TOAD.

PLATE 21.

CRICKET TOAD. Acris .gryllus crepitans (Baird).

“CTOOI[OH) | Gursaxoid e|AH ‘qvOl ASL SONINSNOId

66 HLV Id

PLATE 23.

ANDERSON TREE TOAD. Hyla andersonii Baird.

PLATE 24.

COMMON TREE TOAD. Hyla versicolor Le Conte.

PLATE 25.

LEOPARD FROG. Rana pipiens Schreber.

‘odo9 sodizeBiia euey “SOUS WOANDWHdS

‘96 ULV Id

PLATE 27.

BULL FROG. Rana catesbeiana Shaw.

PLATE 28.

GREEN FROG. Rana clamata Daudin.

PICKEREL FROG. Rana palustris Le Conte.

PLATE 30.

WOOD FROG. Rana sylvatica Le Conte.

PLATE 31.

WORM SNAKE. Carphophiops amzenus (Say).

‘(sna@uury) siweqe; eulBey “3y4WNS YSHLVaTq

PLATE

Co
Co

WATER SNAKE. Natrix sipedon (Linnzus).

PLATE 3

PILOT SNAKE. Elaphe obsoletus (Say).

RED BELLIED SNAKE. Storeria occipito-maculata (Storer).

SMe

me

at

i ai
> ‘ \y C 4 ; i ‘
. “ E ‘ £
. ; £
~ ; | A, . a ‘
d y i ; ; . i t <= 7
bagi a Dy. : 5 4 : yn
1 : ’ a ee : : > a
iy ( m 7 5 miek = - Te .
‘ ‘ y “ 3 . vs “
sb - o Ton “ Ki J
. A ‘
“ re 7 4 wiry .
ms Pi ‘fete ‘, 4 . e | ‘. s _ . ol

DE KAY’S BROWN

PLATE

SNAKE. Storeria dekayi (Holbrook).

ee)

a
a

“(jooluuey) 1 puelziy s1ydouo|d "3MVNS S.GNV1ILYI™M

LE ALVW Id

PLATE 38.

SUMMER SNAKE. Opheodrys zstivus (Linneus).

PLATE 39.

GREEN SNAKE. Liopeltis vernalis (Harlan).

PLATE 40.

RING NECKED SNAKE. Diadophis punctatus (Linnzeus).

PLATE 41.

BLACK SNAKE. Bascanion constrictor (Linneus).

PLATE 42.

PINE SNAKE. Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin).

PLATE 43.

RIBBAND SNAKE. Thamnophis sauritus (Linnzus).

PLATE 44,

GARTER SNAKE. Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnezus).

ei

oe

lavele

‘(sneuuUry) snjnzeb syjedoudwey “3yMWNS NIWHO

M1
Br

“Sh ULV Id

PLATE 46.

Se is

aes

Pd

0

“<

{

——_ Si

Lampropeltis doliatus (Linnzus).

HOUSE SNAKE.

PLATE 47.

HOG NOSED SNAKE. Heterodon platirhinos (Latreille).

PLATE 48.

COPPER HEAD SNAKE. Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnzus).

PLATE 49.

RATTLE SNAKE. Crotalus horridus Linnzus.

PLATE

BLUE TAILED LIZARD. Eumeces fasciatus (Linnzus).

50.

ee

PLATE 51.

ez
“a
‘ake |
y = ee == =
a
Sip ne ae Ss Se Se remere
— = meee G
J >
y)
«tt Zz ql
Hh Li

BLACK BANDED LIZARD. Leiolopisma laterale (Say).

PLATE 52.

Pll

RAIS
de, SLED >
LROLMA EES

PINE TREE LIZARD. Sceloporus undulatus (Latreille).

Pata
aie on Be.
ia

At 5 ie
te Pak
ef Boi

& f
a a A,
wats vi

‘(TTjopue

A) bB239e1409 sXkjayoowueg ‘“ATLYNL YAHLV]AT

6S. ALVWId

PLATE 54.

LOGGER HEAD TURTLE. Caretta caretta (Linneus).

(MOTA 1oddy) ‘(sneuury) sepXw BIUOl2UD "“ATLYNL N3aYD

‘SS ALVWId

PLATE 56.

(Lower view.)

GREEN TURTLE. Chelonia mydas (Linnezus).

PLATE 57.

COMMON SOFT SHELLED TURTLE. Aspidonectes spinifer (Le Sueur).

PLATE 58.

SNAPPING TURTLE. Chelydra serpentina (Linnzus).

PLATE 59.

MUD TURTLE. Kinosternon pensylvanicum (Gmelin).

RUC are oy
ee ANS Ne

PLATE 60.

MUSK TURTLE. Terrapene odorata (Latreille).

Ty sk aod Ne

oe NRT eae
Ps Bais -
oi
“ al
i
7
= f
[7 L i¢
‘
P j
.
ibs
ow
: =| v ;
, a
et
faltyax (
. ,
. :
a os
x i os
ae
‘
i
h
:
;
:
me
) is Aes
= 5
‘ ai
i : .
» : Fi ’ * 734 5 7
a ae 7

. a a
> m4
d = Wiens ae ane
+ 7 Pn € i Aaete eae \.

leu 46 Ay, ae +e is
I i re ten aban 9,
1 J 4 ' q , ee LP Py re 7

“od

PLATE 61.

MAP TURTLE. Graptemys geographicus (Le Sueur).

PLATE 62.

DIAMOND BACK TERRAPIN. Malaclemys centrata (Latreille).

~ te 7 AT a
, Len ya i)
~, + a he bs
w q

. ?
f
5 si
oy . a . ,
3 ‘
fi
4 ‘a
— ea? th
9 ; i
a, '
tl
- r'
7 ’
1
+ ¢
£
y
=
4

.
‘
s
is
Ve -
-
oni
te * :
i
A
AMG
a f
: {
‘4
1
‘
1
4
' ;
‘+ ps 4
, :
*
: '
J i i
. - >. Ww
j }
‘> ' zh
:
|

PLATE 68.

RED BELLIED TERRAPIN. Pseudemys rubriventris (Le Conte).

PLATE 64.

PAINTED TERRAPIN. Chrysemys picta

(Schneider).

MUHLENBERG’S TURTLE. Chelopus muhlenbergii (Schcepff).

PLATE 66.

WOOD TORTOISE. Chelopus insculptus (Le Conte).

A rlga ey

Phinda

rs tena ik
Lab

PLATE 67.

SPOTTED TERRAPIN. Chelopus guttatus (Schneider).

PLATE 68.

chet 4 wll.

BLANDING’S TURTLE. Emydoidea blandingi (Holbrook).

a Ete dee SH de
ee A ee
2 *

>

PLATE 69.

Didicla carolina (Linnzus).

BOX TORTOISE.

“CITEUSYUNT) Stye4oz] SeIeyYdeD “MYVHS GNVWS

0L ULV Id

‘e[UeH Pues JOTINI Snussb1y opssooajey =“WYWHS GYWdO3T

TL ALVId

“(aneng ay) Snunosqo snulysaeyaeg "“MUWHS AMSNG

‘GL ULV Id

“(8[USH Pur JOTINIW) I4eq|!wW snulyseyoues “MYVHS ALIHM TIVNS

‘tL ALV Id

ee

erat

Rae pe
ws fom

“(WOSPIBYSTY) SAoU-se149} UOPOllOOS “WYVWHS GASON dHVWHS

~L ALVId

“(SN@UULT) Oung!}; uolse43seg «=“-yYYWHS Q3q0V4SH LANNOg

SSE a oe

ie. ee

‘SL ULV Id

‘(sneeuuly) euseBAz uolseujseg "MHWHS GV3SH YSWWVH

91 ULV Id

‘opedgoey elsojuejbe efey “giyys G31N494adS NOWWOO

LL WLW Id

ROUND

STING RAY.

PLATE

Urolophus jamaicensis (Cuvier).

78.

PLATE 79.

WHIP STING RAY. Dasybatus hastata (De Kay).

PLATE 80.

Oa IN OB TREN

Sr o-rmendemneronerenvernntrnenenns

Dasybatus say (Le Sueur).

SAY’S STING RAY.

PLATE 81.

Le Sueur.

Myliobatis freminv

STINGAREE.

“(IIMOUIW) Snseuog euazdouryy Rs, "AVY GASON MOO

“(sne@uuly) Snesso snwojsosijiesq “AMIid YV9

"€8 ALWId

PLATE 84.

Tarpon atlanticus (Valenciennes).

TARPON.

Ae
ie op.

“(UI[eTTH) IUMO’g elAoYyoUY "AAOHONV G3QGNVE avouag

‘$8 ALVId

PLATE 86.

LONG FINNED ANCHOVY. Anchovia duodecim (Cope).

CMPV) “(onbsouyey) snzej0u sajeydawiq “MONNIW G3SON LNAT¢

OCA GE pe

ro

\

q
WNAL
Fe ass oe hee

rye x ;
> ( \WOUR Rass
AS ACA C8
al

Cee",

f oe

{
AA
ww.

18 ALV Id

(‘3un0o x )

‘(onbsouyey) snzejzou sojeydewig “MONNIIN GASON LNAI

88 HLVId

abe
a Byte

PLATE 89.

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill).

CHUB.

(UMOIS-J[VH) "(onbsouyry) sisuaiyonzuey% sisdoqgkyH ‘qvaH ANYHOH

i
Too

06 ULV Id

PLATE 91.

| i

ir }
6 Mi
a {Tk

| ie i AUT Hf
a
Hy Np

Hf

f LH
alan
TS a LD
ida te f

Hi)
Wy

i

Catostomus nigricans (Le Sueur).

BLACK SUCKER,

‘(odoO) sniysiyysoud sijezeu snunjowy “HSI4d LVO SNAYYVE ANId

66 ULV Id

PLATE 93.

Esox americanus (Gmelin).

BANDED PICKEREL.

"(A00d) xX
O|9A sn
ydwueuyuoydajng
“A~vag
AITVH
Nogdl
ts

AE pS
Gh kash ies é

76 ALV Id

‘Q410qIID pue vepsio¢) ezyeruioe; sueaBea elpueliy

‘SSACISHYSATIS G31vos HSNOY

‘$6 ULV'Id

‘(Sn@uuyy) snigiGund snaysobXq “MOVER IMOILS GANIdS NAL

‘96 ULV Id

‘CameqieA\) snsousdsiq snajsousjseQ “MOVESIMOILS GANIdS OML

‘L6 WHLVId

‘sne@uuyy eBleoeqey elweinysi4 “HSI4 LAdAAYL

‘86 GLV'Id

PLATE 99.

WHITE SPOTTED SEA HORSE. Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot.

‘(yoold) snuyjeyzyydousaunus sdounyoeuy “GvOS HARB 319909

‘00T ULV Id

“CIPO UIN) «Snylul4o stueydesg “TSYSMOVW GVSYHL

‘TOT ALW Id

“(paeiry) snseqo snyzyueseauug “HSISA NNS GALLOdS GAQNVa
)

“GOL ULV Id

PLATE 103.

COACHMAN. Dules auriga Cuvier.

‘(sneuury) snesi6 snuei3nq “YaddWNS AVYD

‘POL ALV Id

“(f9TAND) BjnB snwojzsourong “VLIYYVPOW

we
Lait
= zat

SOT HALV'Id

PLATE 106.

Micropogon undulatus (Linnzus).

CROAKER.

PLATE 107.

STREAKED BUTTERFLY FISH. Chztodon striatus Linnzus.

“SOL

aLV Id

“(sneuury) siweyls sAyzyojaBuy “HSi4 TA9NV ana

Th
eat
aren
OK
CHUL
CEECCE
COE
‘a COLLEES
CER LCCIANA

iS ; ya ‘EA ‘

LRA AP
iy

‘

Af
M
i pis

aK
AE

‘Sn@uuyy snyedey siyynat “HSi4d YOLOOG

‘60T ALV'Id

"(Te90H) siloe4B eepiuein "gWNHL S.YaTTIW

‘OTT ALVWId

ao.

MSS -. cael Zz

“(opedgoe'y) 19s0q ewosoiqoy ‘AGOS GAYVN

TIT ALWId ;

“(SN@UULT) Buowad eEYOWaY “"WYHOWSY

GILL ULV Id

PLATE 113.

LITTLE FLOUNDER. Etropus microstomus (Gill).

“(oqqdy) sn}ey3nB sndossojsy ‘yazv5O UV_Ls NYSHLYON

PIL ALV Id

‘(POOM) snzeulwab snjiysounajdhy ‘ANN318 773HS

$Il HLVId

Bae me

Serr ~

‘(sn@uury) ne} snuesdg “HSI4 GVOL

‘OTT ALVId

“(SN@UULT) SUdIIA snIYyoR|}og "y90110d

‘UIT ALV Id

‘(Sn@UUTT) O143s1y euxaydosarg ‘HSI4d ASNOW

“STT ULWId

PLATE 119.

Salmo fario Linnzus.

BROWN TROUT.

“(sn@uury) snuidje snurjaajes y/ * ‘ONITGIVS

‘0GT

(TUEqOUT) ABuoulnbsew xosy "ZONNITIVYNSNW

Pose:

Tene

‘Tel ULV Id

PLATE 122.

Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque.

CRAPPIE.,

4 * a
PE es ey, 1,
Wenuchee
PON eG it. a Fie,
ay eae iy fe

Cir,

r vad >
¥: ue) ye vay

oR:
vie it
vie

ae
ory -
<n
een

ry AG: }
J = y

“

OE ue tek Ne Ms
Lis MRE P|
Aes te)

a1 re iN

, " a
vi f

we
4

RY
rN

4

TM
Be ere

A A
5 WHSE 02572

t