A A \\ titddddddddddddddddddddddlddssidsssssstpiss Midd isdidiié \ \\ AY A AQ \ SS SS WS — ~ _. Pe RE PE Ae So eS Po nn * ll ie rv be 1 ling a i« . Se Si ¥ we re ey ay yt ‘ ye ‘ey “tl Phe | he - » * ' 7 h a a! a ih nal i i y 4 ie j ib > os ea oe ie ih a m ae hia “usoqueg "Yy UIM[A Aq ydeasojoyd eB Wot ‘uapaey [RoLFo[OoZ diaMzuy oY} OF pozyuosetd SBM o[BUlOJ sty} jo Burdsyo oy} Jo eu ONQOA GNV VUdAZ LNVUSD aeons <5 a =) Sa a ——— bad i 'Fati iY wee Cah Yann, Asi Ny ‘il oy (aw: = Pe BS Se 5 ag aoe ees Se Se '—_ — [eee maven meme pre SS vA bas oes | et ce alto aed TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK AOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY LOLs NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY JANUARY, 1920 COPYRIGHT 1920, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 6558'70 jb GEST CLARK & FRITTS PRINTERS NEW YORK % CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY OFFICERS: ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND eat MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: PARK REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION PHEASANT MONOGRAPH SUBSCRIBERS REPORT OF THE PROSECUTOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM AQUARIUM LIBRARY BOOKS TREASURER’S REPORTS: Income Account Maintenance Fund Animal Fund Stokes Bird Fund Heads and Horns Fund Library Fund Aquarium Maintenance Fund Endowment Fund Endowment Income Account Cadwalader Animal Fund . Wild Life Fund . Improvement and Repair Account Carnegie Pension Fund Pension Fund Income Account . Tropical Research Fund Art Gallery Fund rH pp pp coe to” Moe Ge ec ee ee ee | ~~] -~] OorrwWwWwWNnre Oo oO CONTENTS—Continued. Publication Fund : ; Heads and Horns Building Fund Special Maintenance Fund Pheasant Avairy Fund . AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT LIST OF ACCESSIONS: Zoological Park Aquarium . DOCUMENTS: Articles of Incorporation . By-Laws INDEX 176 176 LT a VAr 178 178 179 186 192 196 204 ILLUSTRATIONS GRANT ZEBRA AND YOUNG Frontispiece LARGEST ALLIGATOR IN THE REPTILE HOUSE 38 EUROPEAN RED DEER 48 BACTRIAN CAMEL 52 MUTE SWANS ON THE BEAVER POND . 60 PyGMy HIPPOPOTAMUS ; 64 PIGEONS IN FLIGHT OVER THEIR AVIARY 76 COLUMBIAN BLACK-TAILED DEER 80 ON THE WILD-FOWL POND 90 TREE TOAD ON THE TRUNK OF AN OAK 102 ROOSEVELT DAY IN THE PARK 110 A WORKSHOP IN THE JUNGLE 114 RESEARCH STATION, KARTABO 116 THE MAZARUNI RIVER 118 BEGINNING A LONG JOURNEY . : : : 2 “ZA SIPHONING WHITEFISH FRY INTO THE SHIPPING CANS. 128 SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT OF AQUARIUM BUILDING . 1352 PROPOSED AQUARIUM PUMPING PLANT 133 GIANT GARFISH FROM LOUISIANA 135 FILTER BED 137 FIVE TYPES OF STRAINERS USED IN AQUARIUM . 137 LEAD FILTER PIPE WITH SAW CUTS. 138 HAND AIR COMPRESSOR 139 STEAM AIR COMPRESSOR 140 Board of Managers Eu-officio: fTHE MAyoOkr, of the City of New York. | THE PRESIDENT, Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. GLASS: OF 1921 LEVI P. MorTON, OGDEN MILLS, MADISON GRANT, LEWIS RUTHERFURD Morris, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, E. C. CONVERSE. FRANK K. STURGIS, GEORGE D. PRATT, GEORGE J. GOULD, T. COLEMAN DU PONT, CLASS OF 1922 PERCY R. PYNE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, FREDERIC C. WALCOTT, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, BEEKMAN WINTHROP. EMERSON MCMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, W. REDMOND Cross, GLASS OF 1923 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, EDWARD S. HARKNESS, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM B. OsGoopD FIELD, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, A. BARTON HEPBURN, GEORGE F.. BAKER, WILLIAM WoopWARD, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, EDWIN THORNE, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, PERCY A. ROCKEFELLER. New York Zonlogiral Soriety General Office, 111 Broadway, New York City President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President : Second Vice-President: MADISON GRANT. FRANK K. STURGIS. Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place. Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 111 Broadway. Exerutinve Committee MADISON GRANT, Chairman. Percy Re PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. General Officers WILLIAM T. HoRNADAY, Director, Zoological Park. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director, New York Aquarium. GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector. GEORGE A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist. C. GRANT LA FARGE, Architect. H. DE B. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer. R. L. CERERO, Bursar. Annditing Committee WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman. LISPENARD STEWART, ANTHONY R. KUSER. Pension Board WILLIAM PIERSON HAMILTON, Chairman. PERCY R. PYNE, 7'reasurer. Dr. LEWIS R. Morris, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, H. R. MITCHELL, WILLIAM WOODWARD, R. L. DITMARS. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Secretary. Editorial Comumitter HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. Officers of the Zoological Park WILLIAM T. HoRNADAY, Director and General Curator. H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles. LEE S. CRANDALL, Curator of Birds. WILLIAM BEEBE, Honorary Curator of Birds. W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER, Consulting Civil Engineer. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. ELWIN R. SANBORN, Photographer and Editor. Officers of the Aquarimm CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. W. I. DENYSE, Assistant. JAMES C. Moore, Chief Engineer. IpA M. MELLEN, Secretary. Aquarium Committer CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, THOMAS H. MORGAN, BASHFORD DEAN, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, EDMUND B. WILSON. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Society January 1, 1920 Benefactors Baker, Georce F., *Monrean, J. P., *CARNEGIE, ANDREW, RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM, Dopce, CLeveLann H. Scuirr, Jacos H., 2 ’ 3 *CaDWALADER, JOHN L., Tuompson, Mrs. Freperick F., Kuser, Cor. ANrHony R. “THORNE, SAMUEL, 3 3 , Founders in Perpetuity *Bourne, Frepericxk G., Mitts, Ocpden, *BarneEy, Cuartes T., Morton, Hon. Levi P., Carnecie, Mrs. Anprew, Georce, D. Prarr Converse, E. C., Pyne, Percy R., Drerericu, Cuartes F., Roginson, NELSON, Govu tp, Georce J., Rocxerretter, JoHN D., Harkness, Epwanp S., Joun D. Rockeretter, Jr. *Hir1, James J., *Sace, Mrs. RusseEtz, Kitcuinc, Mrs. Frank W., Scuirr, Mortimer L., *KitcHinGc, Franx W., STewart, LisPENARD, Mackay, CiarENce H., Taytor, Henry A. C., McMiiuin, Emerson, *THorneE, Miss Puorese ANNA, *Wuitney, Hon. Witi1aM C.,, Founders *ArcHBoLD, Joun D., *PayNneE, Cor. Oniver H., AVERY, SAMUEL P., PERrKINs, GEeorGE W., xe ware ARNES, JOHN S., Rainey, Pau J., Berwinpb, Epwarp J., *ScCHERMERHORN, F. Avcustrus, Burair, C, Lepyarp *Scuiey, Grant B ENS NSO J , soe 3 Brewster, Rosert S., SueparD, Mrs, Finzey J., *CuisHotm, Huey J., *SLoANE, WiILLIAM D., *CrarkK, Grorcre Crawrorp, *Sroxes, Miss CaroLiNe PHELpPs, *Donce, Witt1amM FE. Sturgis, Frank K. *GoELer, Rosert, a Trevor, Miss Emity, Huntrncton, Arcurr M., Trevor, Mrs. Jonn B., *H = a = ¥VUT yr + y UNTINGTON, C. ‘P., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, Asram, G. Nessirt, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., *OrrenpDorFER, Oswaxn, Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE Eno, Associate Founders *Baxscock, SAMUEL D., *ScHUYLER, PHILIP, *CantTerR, JAMEs C., *Scuuyter, Mrs. Pup, *Crocker, GEorGE, Srureis, Mrs. Frank K., *peERuHAM, H. Casimir, TuorneE, Epwin, DickERMAN, Watson B., TuoRNE, JoeL W.., *Jesup, Morris K., THoRNE, SAMUEL, JR., OsBorn, Pror. Henry Farrrrexp, Tirrany & Company, *RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, Tsaver, Mrs. Marcaret T., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, * DECEASED. 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Patrons *ArnoLp, Hicks, Mayer, Aurrep G., Avucuincioss, Mrs. Hueu D., McALEENAN, JOSEPH A., Barney, JAMEs W., Morris, NEWBOLD, *Buiss, Cornetius N., *Morris, A. NEWBOLD, *Buiss, Georce T., *Morris, Mrs. A. NEwsoxp, *Bronson, Epcar BEECHER, Ossporn, Witt1AM CHURCH, Criark, Mrs. Greorce Crawrorp, *Ossorn, Mrs. Witiiam H., *CONSTABLE, FREDERICK A., PauL, JOHN J., *Cook, Henry H., *Poor, Henry W., DE LuciNGE, PRINCEss, *PyneE, Mrs. Percy R., Enret, Grorce, RoEBLING, JOHN A., *FrLower, Roswe tu P., Ryan, Tuomas F., Forp, James B., *SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., *Forp, J. Howarp, *SELIGMAN, Isaac NEwron, *GouLp, Epwin, JR., *SENFF, Cuaries H. Hamitton, WiLi1aM PIeErson, Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *HarkKNeEss, CHARLES W., *STICKNEY, JOSEPH, Harrison, GeorceE L., JR., Taytor, JaMEs B., JR., Hawkes, Mrs. McDoveatt, Tuorne, Francis B., *HavemMeEYER, Henry O., TuorneE, Henry S., *HAvVEMEYER, WILu1AM F., TuorneE, Lanpon K., *Hewirtr, Apram S., TriorneE, Mrs. SamMueEt, *Horrman, VERY Rev. E. A., TuorNeE, S. BrincKERHOFF, Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T., THORNE, Victor C., House, Epwarp J., TuorneE, W. V. S., *IsELIN, ADRIAN, *THORNE, WILLIAM, *James, D. W1111s, *Titrorp, H. M., James, NorMaAn, : *Twomsiy, H. McK., James, Dr. Water B., *Von Post, Herman C., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., *Wess, Wi1t1i1aM H., *Lewis Mrs. Georce, *Wotrr, A., Wuitney, Harry, Lite Members Avams, Epwarp Dean, BeerzBower. Geo. M., AGNEW, Cornetius R., “Bers, Mrs, @o Me, AGNeEw, GeorceE B., Bett, Gorpon Knox, AKELEY, Cari E., BeLtmMont, Aucust, ANDREWS, Constant A., Berrs, SAMUEL RossiTER, ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, Binns, WALTER, Armour, ALLISON V., Birp, CHarLes SUMNER, ARNoLD, Epwarp W. C., BisHop, Heser REGINALD, * A UCHINCLOss, Hucu D., *BLACKFORD, EUGENE G., ee vies Cs ae Pee ee ME es ALLANTINE, Ropert F., LISS, s. Ro = Barsour, THomas, *Bropeerr, Wittiam TiLpon, *Barpour, WILLIAM, *Botpt, Georce C., Baker, GeorGe F. Jr., *Bonp, Franx S., Baxer, H. Martyn, Bootrn, Witi1aAM H., *Baruypot, Mrs. P. Hack rey; Bourne, Georce G., *BarneEs, Miss Cora F., Boury, Louis J., « Barnes, J. SANFORD, *Bowpboin, GEorGE S., Barucn, Bernarp M., *Bowpoin, TEMPLE, Bates, Mrs. H. Roswett, Bowman, JoHN McE., BrEese, WILLIAM, Brab ey, J. R., * DECEASED. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT BraMan, Custer A., Breirensacnu, M. J., Brewster, Freperick F., BrinsMAvDE, CHarites Lyman, Brown, Georce McKessen, *Bruce, Miss Matinpa W., Bucu, Miss Emitry, Burpen, Henry, 2np, Burweicu, Georce W., Burr, WINTHROP, Burrace, Rear ApmirAt, Guy H., BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, Borer, Winiiam Mi, CamMMANN, GeEorGE P., © Camp, Hucu N.,, *CANFIELD, Ricuarp A., CAULDWELL, Dr. CuHartes MILBANK, Cerero, R. L., CuANLER, WINTHROP, Cuapin, CHartes M., Cuapin, CuEster W., CuisHo_tm, Hueu J., JR., *Cuurcu, E. Dwicnut, CuurcH, FrepericK E., CuurcuH, Mrs. Ne.ue E., Cuurcu, WILLarp, *Cuurcu, Witt1am ConANT, Criark, F. AMBrosE, Crark, GeorGeE C., CrLarKkson, BANYER, Crose, Epwarp B., Cor, Witi1aM R., Corrrn, CHariEs A., CouiGate, WILLIAM, Coxuier, Ropert J., *CoLtorp, Greorce W., *Coitorp, Mrs. Greorce W., Cott, SaMvUEL P., Connon, T. G., ConstaBLe, Mrs. Frepericx A., *ConyNcHaM, Wit11aM L.., *CooK, ©. -1., Coorer, Mrs. Cuartes W., *CoRNING, JOHN J., Cory, Danie. W., *Coxe, Davies, *CranE, ZENAS, Crane, Z. MarsHatt, *CrIMMINS, JOHN D., *CuvuER,\C..C., Dana, Cuaries A., *Davis, E. W., Davis, JoHN W. A., Davis, W1t11aMm T., *pECopPreT, Enwarp J., DeERING, CHARLEs, pEHerreptra, C., DeELAFIELD, ALBERT, pEMintuHaAu, Louis Jonn, DeRuam, CHar_es, *DeRuHAM, CHARLES, De Wirt, Wi11aMm G., Dick, J. Henry, DicKerRMAN, Mrs. Watson B., Dickey, Cuartes D., Dimocx, Mrs. Henry F., Disston, Henry, JR., Dirmars, R. L., *Doncr, Grorce EGLEston, Doncer, Marcerius, Harrrey, Doetcer, Cuartes P., Dopp, Miss Grertrube, Doeicer, Perer, DoscuEeR, CHARLES, Dovucias, ARCHIBALD, JR., *DoucGias, JAMES, Draven, Mrs. HENry, Dresster, Oscar, DuBois, Miss ErnHen, DuBois, Miss Kariarine, DuBois, WititaM A., Ducmore, A. RavcLyFFe, Dunnam, Epwarp K., DunscomBe, GrorGe ELisworrit,. pu Pont, CoLEMAN, puPont, Mrs. Wo., Dwyer, THomas, *EpGar, NEWBOLD, Epce, Mrs. Cuartres Noet, *EiiioTr, SAMUEL, Exuts, W. Dixon, Ex1y, Amprose K., Emmet, C. TEMPLE, *Eno, Amos, F., Evarts, ALLAN W., Farrcnttp, Hon. Cuartes S., FearinGc, Georce R., *FIeLD, CoRTLANDT DEPEYSTER, Fretp, Wm. B. Oscoop, I'terp, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon, Fisner, Mrs. Henry J., FisHer, Ensign JoEt ELLs, FLEITMANN, Wititam Mep.icort. Furnt, Cuartes R., Forp, Henry, Foster, EXtGene G., Fraser, Miss S. Grace, *Frencu, S. Barron, Frere, Harorp, IFucuer, Howarp, Garner, R. L., Gerry, Exvsrince T., GoxtpscumMipT, S. A., Gooprince, Mrs. F. G., *GoopwIN, JAMEs J., Goutp, Grorce H., *DECEASED. 15 16 Grant, DeForest, Grant, Manpison, GrinNeELL, Grorce B., GUGGENHEIM, DANIEL, GuGGENHEIM, S. R., GunTHER, Bernarp G., GunTHER, FRANKLIN L., Gouturie, Wiriiam D., *HAGENBECK, Cart, Hacenseck, Hernnricn, Hacenseck, Lorenz, Hacern, Louis T., Hamirron, Prrrronr Morcan, Hanrpine, J. Horace, Harkness, Mrs. Enwanp S., Harkness, Mrs. S. V., Harran, Craries J., Harriman, Mrs. E. H., Harrison, ArcriBarp, Harrison, Pror. J. B., Harris, Anan C., Hart, Frank, Harvey, Ext, Haupt, Dr. Louts, Havemeyenr, F. C., Havemeyen, T. A., *Haven, Georce G., *Herarn, Georce A., *Henperson, Cuaries R., Hepsurn, A. Barron, *Hiceinson, JAMES J., Hirzt, Crarence H., His, Huen, Hirt, Mrs. Joun, Hincuman, Watter, Hircn, Mrs. Frepverick Deano “Hor, Miss Marcarer, Hor, Ricuarp M., Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Horxtns, Grorce B., Horrin, Mrs. Josep Crank, *Hounsarp, THomas H., Huntineton, H. E., Hype, Mrs. Crarence M., Hyor, James H., IseLIn, ADRIAN, JR., IsexIn, Cotumaus O. D., Ister, Paurt A., *Jacxson, THeopore F’., Jackson, Dr. Vicror H., James, ArrHur Curtiss, JENNINGS, Mrs. Oniver G., JENNINGS, Oxiver G., *Jesup, Mrs. Morris K., Jones, Mrs. Epwarp H., *Jumi1arD, Mrs. A. D., Kaun, Orro H., Kane, GRENVILLE, 3 x * * % * * x + * % * + % % NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Kane, JOHN INNEs, Kine, Grorce Gorpon, Kinney, Morris, KincGstanp, Wini1amM M., Kusset, Gustav E., Kunuarpr, W. B., LaF ance, C. Grant, Lanepon, Woopsury G., LANIER, CHARLES, Lee, Cuartes NorruamM, Lreps, Mrs. Warner M., Leuman, S. M., Lincorn, Enwarp K., Lounssery, Ben-Axt H., Lounssery, Riciarp P., Low, C. Anorrne, Low, SETH, Lypie, Davin, Lynie, Carr. Puitire M., McArin, Crartes WILiiston, McComrn, J. Scorr, McKeever, I. C., McKim, Cuartes F., McKinney, Gienn Jorn, McLane, Guy Ricitarps, McMirurn, Marion, Mackay, Donan, Macy, V. Evenir, Mapveira, Percy C., Marritanp, ALEXANDER, Matiory, Craries H., Marc, TrHerorninus M., Marxor, Dr. Francis H., Marumne, Atrrep E., MarsHatt, Louts, Maxwe tz, Roserr, Merxe.t, Hermann W.,, Metz, Herman A., Mirpanx, DuntLevy, Mirier, Dr. Georce N., Mitts, Ocpen L., Mitton, Mrs. Wo. F., Mircneitt, A. M. Post, MircuHett, Francis L., Mircuert, H. R., Mircneitt, Mason, Mitrcnerzt, Roranp G., Monet, AMBROSE, “Moore, Mrs. James Amory, Moore, Freperic P., Moran, Danie. FE., Morean, J. P., Morean, Mrs. J. P., JR., Mornis, Dr. Lewis Ruruerrurn, “Morris, J AMES, Newno1p, ‘THOMAS, NEWLAND, V. M., Nicirors, Mrs. Winriam GiI~Man, * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 17 Nites, J. Barron, Nixes, Miss Frorinia, Nites, Witut1am WuiTtt, Nizes, Mrs. Wittiam WuiTter, Norton, JOHN W., NuNAN, J. J. Nye, Joseru K., Ossporn, Mrs. Henry Farrrierp, Ostorn, Mrs. Wititam CrurcnH, Ossurn, Dr. Raymonp C., Patnter, Kenyon V., *Parisu, Henry, ParnisH, JAMEs C., Parsons, H. pe B., Peanopy, Cuartes A., Prrxins, Witiiam H., Perers, Mrs. THeEoporr, Peters, Samvuet T., Puetrs, Capr. JouN J., Puiurs, Dr. Jonn C., Priutuies, JOHN M., Puirps, Henry, Puiprs, Henry C., PuHorntrx, Lioyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPs, Pierce, Henry Cray, PIERREPONT, JOHN J., PrerrEPont, Rosert L., Prerrepont, Setu Low, *PincHot, J. W., *Porter, CLARENCE, *Porren, Mrs. Henry C., Porter, Witson, Prarr, Dattxas B., Pratt, H.aroxp I., Procter, A. Puimistrr, Puuirzer, Ravpw, Pyne, M. Taytor, *QuinTARD, Georce W., Raymonp, Cuartes H., Riker, SAMUEL, JR., *Ross, J. HAMPDEN, *Rosurns, Miron, Roginson, Artruur, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Rucker, WILLIAM J., Ruwnetus, Cart, “Russ, Epwarp, Rournerrvurpd, WiIntTHror, *St. JoHN, FRANK L.., Sattus, J. SANForD, Sampson, Henry, Sanzorn, E. R., *Sanps, WitiiaAm R., Sanrorp, Henry, Sanrorp, Henry, JR., SanrorD, SAMUEL S., *Sancer, FarrFreLD Osporn, Sancer, Masrer Fairrieirp Osporn, *SCHERMERHORN, J. Ecmonv, *SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, SCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Scuutey, Evanoer B., SCHWARZENBACH, Roger J. F., Seton, Ernest Tuomrson, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, “SHERMAN, WaLiiam Warts, SHEWAN, JAMEs, SHEARSON, Epwarp, Suietps, Grorce O., Stoan, Benson B., *SLOoAN, JOHN, Stoan, Marcoitm D., *SLoan, SAMUEL, SLoaAN, SAMUEL, SmMitH, James A., Souer, Le Roy, SPEYER, JAMEs, Sauier, Stuart C., Stetson, Francis Lynoe, Stewart, Wm. R., Jr, Strokes, Miss Oxrtvta E. Puetps, Srraicur, Mrs. Witrarp, Srreeter, D. D., *StTurGes, FREDERICK, Sturces, Frederick, JR., Tariron, Lesxie Jerreris, *THALMAN, Ernst, Tuayer, Mrs. Eruri, Ranporrn, THompson, Lewis S., Trzrorp, Franx, Tuompson, Wititam P., Top, Rosrrr E., Topp, Wiixuiam R., TownsEND, Dr. Crartes H., Trevor, Henry G., Trevor, JoHn B., Tritron, Craupe H., Tuck, Epwarp, UniMann, Frepericx, Vat, Tueo. N., Van Norven, Mrs. Grace T., Van ReEnssELAER, Cuanrtes A., *VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., Varnum, Mrs. James M., *Wapswortu, Masor W. Austin, WapswortH, Mrs. W. A., War, D. Everert, Warnwricut, Ricuarp T., *WaLker, Dr. Henry FreEEMAN, Wanamaker, RopMan, Warpore, Fevix M., *WaRREN, SAMUEL D., *Watson, Francis A., Watson, James S., *DECEASED 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Wess, Dr. W. SEwarp, *Wetcuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery, *WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, *Wermore, Cuaries W., Wermore, Grorce PEAxopy, Wuarton, Wii1i1am P., WuHeatton, Louis N., Wuite, JoHN JAY, JR., *WHITEHEAD, PAu, Wuitrman, Matcormm D., Wuirney, Caspar, Watney, CorNetius VANDERBILT, Wuirtney, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, Payne, Witets, Ermore A., Wittets, Howarp, WitiiaMs, CrLarK, Winc, JouHn Morcan, *Winec, JoHN D., Wixturop, BEEKMAN, *WintuHrop, Ecerron L., *Wiruers, Georce B., WoenrtsHorrer, Mrs. ANNA, Woopwarp, WILLIAM, WortHINGTON, C. C., Bouorary Members *Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Dr. J. A. ALLEN, Tue Dvuxe or Beprorp, K. G., F. R. S. Herr F. E. Braavw, *ArTHUR Erwin Brown, Dr. Frank M. Cuarman, *Dr. Daniet Griraup Ernzior, *Srm WILiL1aAM F Lower, *Dry i. 1. Elorsr Str Epmunp Loper, Bart. Dr. C. Harr Merriam, *Tne Ricgnut Hon Lorp RoruscHirp, 1d5 Jit, Se *Dr. Puiie Lutrtey ScLaTeEr, Fellows + Barzour, Tomas, Breese, WILLIAM, *BickmoreE, Pror. ALBERT S., Brarr, Dr. W. Rem, Bristor, Pror. Cuartes L.., Brooxs, Dr. Hartow, Catxkins, Pror. Gary N., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., Cranpattr, Lex S., Davenport, Dr. Cartes B., Dean, Dr. Basrrorp, Dirmars, R. L., DutcHer, WILLIAM, Grant, Mapison, Grecory, Dr. Witiiam K., GrINNELL, GeorceE B., Gupcer, Pror. E. W., Hartrey, G. Inness, Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T., Huntincton, Dr. Georce S., LancG, HeErsert, Ler, Pror. Freperic S., Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., Mac Carium, Dr. Georce A., Marruew, Dr. W. D., Mayer, Arrrep G., Merket, Hermann, W., Morcan, Pror. THomas H., Osporn, Pror. Henry FatrFieEp, Ospurn, Dr. Raymonp C., Scuvutte, Pror. H. vonW., Scorr, Dr. Greorce G., SeToN, Ernest THompson, SHELDON, CHARLEs, SrocxarpD, Dr. Cuartes R., TownsEND, Dr. Cuartes H., Sustaining Members Baxer, Georce F., Forp, James B., Hamitton, Wm. Pierson, Havemeyer, F. C., Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Hor, Ricuarp M., Hype, Mrs. CLARENCE, Morean, J. P., Scuirr, Jacos H., Stewart, LispENARD, Srureis, Frank K., Wirson, Pror. Epmunp B., *DECEASED + The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working, and scientific zoologists. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Annual Members Axszotr, Mrs. Marie M., ABEEL, JoHN H., ABERCROMBIE, Davin T., Axss-Hacen, Ernst, ACHELIs, Fritz, ACHELIs, JOHN, Apvam, Hueco S., Jr., Apams, Freperick B., Apams, Mrs. F. T., Avams, JoHN Dunsar, Avams, THatcuer M., Apams, Mrs. Warren S., Avams, Mrs. Wm. Crittenden, Aver, Miss Exrren Louise, *AGNEW, Mrs. Cornetius R., Aims, Miss Enirn M., A1TKEeN, Miss HELEN JEAN, AppricH, Mrs. James Herman, ALEXANDER, Mrs. Cuartes B., ALEXANDER, Dovuctas, ALEXANDER, FranxK D., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Appison, ALEXANDER, Mrs. Wii1iam, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. JoHN E., ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. JosepH, ALLAND, Maurice, ALLEN, Erman, ALLEN, FrebDeERIC WINTHROP, ALLIEN, FREDERICK, ALTSCHUL, C., Ams, CHartes M., Avary,; Ju. Ei; ANDERSON, ARCHIBALD J. C., AwNvERSON, Mrs. J. Scorr, AwnpeErson, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., ANDREWS, GWYNNE M.., AnsBACHER, D. A., APPLETON, Francis R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, JOHN F., ARCHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., Arcner, Mrs. Grorce A., AnEnD, F. J., Armour, Georce A,, Armour, Mrs. Herman O., ArRNoLD, Mrs. Grover C., Arr, C. W., AsHMUN, Bernarp I., ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE, Astor, VINCENT, Atwater, Ricuarp M., JR., Atwoop, KimpBatt C., AvcHINCLoss, Mrs. C. C. Auvcuincioss, Mrs. Enear S., JR., AvcHINcLoss, Mrs. Enear S., Sr., AUCHINCLOss, Hucu, AUCHINCLOss, JouN W., AUERBACH, Mrs. Josern S., Aycrice, B. Arruur, Aymar, Mrs. Jose, Bacue, Jutss S., Bacon, Greorce W., Bacon, WEeNtWwortH C., Bacon, Mrs. Roserr, Bace, Dr. Crinton, L., BaHNSEN, C., Baitey, Mrs. James M., Baxer, Mrs. Exvizasneru R. W., Baker, STEPHEN, Baker, Wo. F., Batpwin, Apert H., BaLpwin, Freperick H., Batpwin, Jared G., Jr., Batiarp, Epwarp L., BaLLarp, SUMNER, BaMBACH, CHRISTIAN, Banos, Francis S., Banks, THeopore H.,, Banwnarp, Orto T., Barpey, Henry G., Barciay, Mrs. ReGinap, Bartow, Peter TowNsEND, Barnarp, J. AvGUSTUS, Barnes, Corttannor D., Barnes, Epwarp W., BarRNEs, JAMEs, Barney, A. L., Barney, Asnupett H., Barney, Encar S., Barney, Mrs. J. StTewarrt, Barnum, Witiiam M., Barron, Georce D., BartTiett, Puizir G., Barrot, Henry G., Barton, Epwarp RirTreENHOUSE, BasKERVILLE, Mrs. JEssIE, Bates, Dr. W. H., Barrerson, JAMEs G., Bauer, Oswarp A., Bauer, R. M., Baver, WALTER, Bayarp, Louis P., BayuHa, Epwin, Bayuigs, Epmunp L., *Bayuis, WILLIAM, Bayne, Mrs. L. P., Reacn, WitiiaM N., Beapieston, Miss Enpitn, Beale, PHELAN, Brea, JEREMIAH, Breese, Water H., * DECEASED 19 20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY *BEEKMAN, GERARD, Bonn, StTeruen N., Beers, Mrs. E. LeGranp, Benr, Roserr, Betz, Louis V., BELL, Park E., Better, A., Beier, Witi1AM F., Bement, Epwarp, Benpb, Mrs. GEorGE, Benepicr, JAMEs H., Benepbict, LEMUEL C., Bengamin, GeorGe Powert.r, Benxarp, Harry H., Benis, H., Benxkarp, J. Puinip, Benxarpb, Mrs. Harry H., Benson, R. T.AwrENCE, *Benson, Miss Mary, *Benton, ANDREW A., Bercu, Henry, Berens, Dr. T. Passmore, Bernarp, Pierre ARNOLD, BerNHEIM, Georce B., Bernuemm, Henry J. BeERNHEIMER, Cuartes L.., Beroizueimmer, E., Bertron, S. R., BEtueEL., F. H., Bier, Mrs. Sytvan, BicgeLtow, WitiiaM S., Bices, Mrs. Hermann, M., Brisur, ABRATIAM, Bintutnes, C. K. G., Bircuatyt, Mrs. Wn. H., Brack, Mrs. Roserr C., BxLaGpEN, GEORGE, Briacpen, Mrs. Georer, Briacpen, Mrs. Junia G., Buiatir, Cartes H., Brair, J. INSLEY, Briair, Mrs. Lepyanp, BiakesLEE, Mrs. THeron J., Buss, Mrs. Warten PHuetrs, Buiss, Miss A., Biss; Mass S: Ds, Brioopvcoop, Roserr F., BLooMINGDALE, Irvine D., BioomINGpALE, Mrs. Josrrn B., *Brioss, JAMEs O., BLuMENTHAL, Hvco, BLUNDELL, E. F., Borse, Quincy Warp, Borrrcer, Miss Pauline, Boertcer, ‘THEODORE, BorssEvaIn, G. L.., Botton, Miss Evia F., Boiron, Witiiam H., Bonp, Henny R., Jr., Bonner, G. T., Boorn, Mrs. Aucusra, Bootn, A. E., Bootn, Enos S., Bong, A. E., Borianp, J. Netson, Boritann, Wiiiiam G., Bourton, Witiiam B., Bowoporn, Miss Enirn G., Bownporn, GeorcGe TEMPLE, Bowen, CLarence Wrintunop, Bowen, JAMEs, Bowne, Francis Draper, Boypen, Dwicur F., Brapitey, Arxan B. A., Brapy, Nicnoras F., Branp, Oscar J., Bremer, Avucust F., Brencie, Lawrence J., Brewster, Mrs. BensAMIN, Brewster, Georce S., Brincets, Rozerr, Briccs, James E., Brincxernorr, Arex. G., Bristot, Joun I. D., Bristow, Witit1am B., BropMERKEL, CHARLES, JR., Brokaw, Cuirrorp V., Brokaw, Mrs. Cuirrorp V., Bronson, Dr. Epwarp Bennet, Brooxs, Miss Berrua, Broucuton, Mrs. U. H., Brower, Grorce V., Brown, Mrs. Cuaries SteLre, Brown, Cuartes F., Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, Epwin H., Brown, Con. Frankiin Q., Brown, Mrs. FRANKLIN Q., Brown, Joun Barker, Brown, Ricuarp E., Brown, STEPHEN P., Brown, Mrs. Tuomas E., Brown, VERNON CARLETON, Brownine, WitiiaMm H., Brownine, J. A., Brunopice, Miss Evizasetu B., Brunswick, Mrs. EMANUEL, Bryce, Miss Mary T., Bryson, T. B., BuckMan, CLIirrorD, Buckner, Mortimer Norton, Buckner, THomas A., Bupp, Henry A., BueEcuHneR, C. Frep, BuLkLey, Epwin M., Burktey, Mrs. Enwin M., * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT BuLkiey, L. Duncan, BuLKeEy, Q., Butt, J. Enear, Burpen, James A., JR., Burven, Mrs. W. A. M., *Burcess, Enwarp B., Burieicu, Mrs. Greorce W., Burnuam, Mrs. Wo. A., Burritt, Epwarp L., Burrows, Witson A., Busk, Frep T., Butter, Artuur W., Butter, CHARLES STEWART, Burter, Miss VirGinta, Byrne, Mrs. James, Casot, F. H., Carsan, Henry A., CaHEN, Jutius P., Cann, Artuer L., CaLtket, J. Hamitton, CALLENDER, WALTER R., Catman, Henry L., CamMann, Epwanrp C., CamMMANN, Henry Loriiiann, CaMMANN, Herman H.,, Camp, Epwarp B., CAMPBELL, Donan, CanbeE, Howanrp S., CanrieLp, GrorcGe Foucer, Cannosert, A. H., Capiin, Harry, Carey, Freperickx F., CarLtton, NEwcomp, CarpENDER, WILLIAM, CarPENDER, C. L., Cartier, P. C., Cary, Mrs. CLareNce, Casr, Henry P., Case, J. Herpert, Cass, Cuarites ANDERSON, Cassarp, Witniam J., Catrucart, Miss Jennie R., Certo, Mrs. Groner, *Cuapsot, THropore J., CuHautmers, ArrHuur A., CHAMBERLAIN, WiritamM B., Cuamobers, Frank R., Cuambers, Hinary R., Cuampbers, Miss KarHertne, Cuampo.tiion, Mrs. Anpre C., CiraANLer, Rosert W., Cuapin, Miss Marta Bowen, CuHapman, Miss Fanny, CHAPMAN, Henry Oris, CHAPMAN, JOHN Jay, Cuartes, Howarp W., Cuaves, Jose Epwanrp, Cueney, Georce L., CHENEY, Louis R., 21 Cueney, Mrs. Knigur Dexter, Jr., CHENEY, Miss Mary, Cuitp, Mrs. Lewis P., Cuitps, Eversiey, Critps, STARLING W., *CuILps, WiLi1AmM H., CuisHo_tmM, Mrs. Hucu J., Sr, Croate, Josepu K., Cunistiancy, Grorce A. C.,, Cuuss, Percy, CuurcH, AUSTIN, Cuovrcn, Cuartes 'T., CuouncaH, KE. D., Jr., Cuourcn, Georce H., CuurcuH, F. S., Cuvurcnu, Louis P., CLAFLIN, JOHN, Crancy, JoHNn Evans, Coxpps A. (P., Crark, Cuas. Hopkins, Crank, Crartes Martin, *Crark, D. Crawrorp, Crark, Epwarp H., Crark, Mrs. Epwarp Harpy, Criark, Miss E. Maser, Crark, Herserr L., Crark, J. Francis Atoysius, Crark, Mrs. Jonn C.,, Crark, JoHN W., Criark, W. A.,, CriarxeE, E. A. S., CxiarkeE, Lewis L., Criarke, THomas SHIELDs, Criarke, THomas B., Crarke, Wittiam H., Ciemens, Dr. James B., Crews, Mrs. James B., Crypr, Witi1am P., Cocuran, Mrs. Girrorp A., Cocuran, G. D., Cocurane, A. W. S., Cocxcrort, Miss E. V., Cocxran, Mrs. W. Bourke, Cor, Cuartes A., Corrin, Francis A., Corrixn, Wriiriam Epwarp, Corrin, Mrs. Srureis, Conen, JAMEs P., Corsurn, Axrsert E., Corspy, Howarp A., Cote, Epwarp F., Cote, Mrs. RurFus, CoLiGate, GILBERT, Coxuier, Mrs. R. J., Cotitns, CLARENCE LyMan, Coxtt, Harris D., Cort, Ricwanrp C., * DECEASED 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Corvin, Wit1i1AM S., Conpoy, Martin, Conxurn, Roranp R., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., Cone, Freperick H., ConHEIM, HERMANN, ConxKuincG, Paut B., ConNELL, HERBERT STANLEY, Content, Harry, Converse, Miss Mary E., Conway. Mrs. Maup At11s, ConyNncHaM, JoHN N., Coox, Mrs. Cuartes T., Coombe, 'T. Gorton, Cooper, THEODORE, Coorrer, Mrs. M. LeBrun, Corsetr, Mrs. Henry L,, Corsin, AUSTIN, CorreELL, WiLnt1aM WALLACE, Corires, Howarp, CorneEti, Miss Emity LErrerts, GCornine; (‘C2 Rs Coster, Miss Syivia DEG., Cowpin, WINTHROP, Crane, Mrs. Jonatuan H., Craic, Dr. Burvertre P., Cravatu, Mrs. Pau D., Crawrorpb, Rosert L., CrawrorD, WILLIAM, CrimMins, Cyrit, Crimomins, Miss, CrimMins, THOMAs, Crocker, Rosert S., Crocker, WiiuiAm T., CroMweL., James W., CroMWwELL, LINCOLN, Crossy, MAunsELL S., Cross, Greorce D., Cross, W. Repmonp, CrossteEy, G. REGINALD, CuNnNINGHAM, W. DEL.., Curtet, H., Currey, J. B., Curtis, F. K., CusuMaANn, Cuartes V. B., Currer, Rauex L.., CuTtinc, R. Futon, Curtrinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp, Currinc, Hreywarp, Cuyrer, Miss Eveanor veG., DapmMuN, GeEorGE E., DaiLey, GRANVILLE F., DawueTT, Freperic A., Daze, Mrs. F. Y., Dana, Pavt, Davenport, Mrs. Ira, Davince, Witi1Am H., Davies, Mrs. Frepertck M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, Davies, JULIEN TAPPAN, Davis, Davin T., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, Howranp, Davis, Morcan, Davis, W. J., Davison, CLARENCE B., Davison, Miss Exia H., Davison, Miss Anice M., Davison, Mrs. Henry P., Day, Miss Laura V., Deane, W. B., pez CiairmMont, Dr. A., Dr Forest, Henry W., DeForest, Roserr W., Decener, J. F., DeGorcourta, A. V., pe Herepia, Mrs. Carros M., DeLaFIELD, Epwanrp C., DewaFrieLtD, Freperick P., DeLaFIELD, Lewis I.., DreLano, EUGENE, Deano, Warren, Dextano, Moreau, Detanoy, WituiaM C., DELAUGIER- VILLARS, COUNTESS, pE Lone, Mrs. Grorcr B., Demine, L. C., Devew, Mrs. Cuauncry M., peERuam, Mrs. H. Casimir, Dery, D. Grorce, Desparpv, Water D., Dr Tywnro, Ienacto, Devereux, Watrter B., DrVinne, T. B., Dryo, Roser E., Dick, Mrs. Farrman Rocenrs, DEZALDO, FREREDICK, Dickerson, E. N., Dickey, Mrs. Cuartes D., Dickinson, JOHN W., Dickinson, Mrs. L. M., Dickinson, Mrs. Joun M., Diecut, Georce H., Jr., Dienst, A. P., Dixe, Oscar D., Ditton, W. B., DitwortH, Jos. R., Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B., Dixon, THeopore P., Doper, CLEVELAND E., Donee, Francis P., Doncr, Mrs. ArtHuur M., Dovce, Mrs. CreveLrann H., Donce, Mrs. MarsHatu J., Doume, JoHn D., Dominick, Gaver G., TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Dominick, H. BLrancuarp, Dommericn, Orro L.., Donatp, Miss Anna E., Donatpson, Rospert M., Doremus, F. S., Dousiepay, F. N., Dovetas, Wi1L11AM H., Dovuctass, ALFRED, Doucuerty, Mrs. Paut, Down, JosernH, Dowp, Mrs. JosEPn, Dow.urnec, Epwarp D., Downer, J. Hatsty, Downey, Joun L., Dows, Davin, Sr., Dows, Mrs. Davin, Dows, Tracy, Drarer, Dr. Witiiam K., Drayton, J. CoLEMAN, Drayton, W. Heywarp, 3rp, DrexeEL, Mrs. Joun R., Droescuer, S. R., Drummonp, I. Wyman, Duane, Ricwarp Bacue, DuBois, Dr. Evcenet F., *DuBors, Dr. Marrnew B. DuBors, Mrs. Matrrnew B., Durer, Mrs, DENNING, Duet, Dr. Artuur B., Durer, Mrs. Joun BEVERLEY, Duncan, Mrs. Joun P.,, Duncan, STuart, Duncan, Mrs. Sruart, Dunpas, RatpH Worts, Dunuam, Dr. Carrot, Dunuam, Lewis L., Dunn, GANo, DourxeEg, A. W., Dorxeer, Ricuarp P. H., Durkee, Mrs. R. P. H., Duryea, Mrs. H. B., Dutcner, Jonn Gerow, DuVat, Mrs. Horace C., Dwicut, Joun E., Dwicnt, Mrs. WintTHROP, Dyer, Mrs. E. Tirrany, Eacre, Joun H., Eames, JoHN C., Eastman, Miss ANNE K., Easton, CHarztes Purp, Eaton, Mrs. Freperick H., Fxez, M. C., EBERHART, CHARLES, EBERMANN, Mrs. Ernest, Eick, WItu1aM J., Ecxart, EpMunp, Epecar, Herman L. R., Encar, Mrs. Newsorp LeRoy, bo ew) Epear, Mrs. J. Crirron, Enear, Witiiam S., EXpmMonps, Joun W., Iicerton, M., EKuret, Louis J., Erpiitz, Roperr J AMEs, Eizers, Kart, Exprince, FrepvertcK L.., Exprince, Lewis A., Evprincr, Wituiam T., *Evus, Witt1AM D., Exisworru, Mrs. J. W., Eiirtswortu, LIncoin, Extinc, Dr. ArrHur W., EMANUEL, J. H., JR., EmsBury, Mrs. James W., Emerson, Mrs. WILitam, IKimmet, Miss Lypia F., Emmet, Rosperr Tempece, EwNpicorr, Rosert, Ewo, Miss Mary Pincuor, Krpstou, Ruporpen, ErpMANN, Martin, ERpDMANN, WILLIAM, ErLtancer, Mirron S., {SBERG, HENRY, Errirncer, Louis, Esrasprook, Artuur F., Eustis, Joun E., Evans, S. M., Evarts, A. W., Evarts, Miss Mary, EveLAND, FRANK, Everett, A. L., Ewinec, Josepu G., Eyre, Georce A., Fapsri, ALESSANDRO, Fapsri, Ernesto G., Fapsrit, Mrs. Ernesto G., Faper, EBERHARD, Fauwnestock, Dr. Ernest, Fauwnestrock, Mrs. Ernest, FanHnestock, WILLIAM, FaircuiLtp, BensamIn L., Famcutiip, Mrs. C. S., FarrcHItp, SAMUEL W., Farts, Mrs. DeWirr Ciinton, Faritey, Mrs. Gustavus, Jr., Fartey, CoLvin, Farnam, Wm. W., FarNHAM, PAULDING, Farquuar, PERCIVAL, Farr, Mrs. A. M., *FARRELL, JAMES C., Farreviy, T. CHartes, Fay, Francis B., Fecutic, Dr. St. Greorce, FetpMan, A. A,, * DECEASED 24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Frreuson, Miss Exizaneru D., Ganss, Herman O., Frrevuson, Witiiam C., GarDINER, Cuartes B., Fruss, Capr. ANDREW W., Garretr, Miss Laura B., Frustman, Leon P., GarrerT, JouUN W., Iiritp, Mrs. Avucustus B., Garrison, Mrs. J. H., *FKreLp, Mrs. Witiiam H., Garrettson, Miss Heten Jay, Fincu, Epvwanrp B., *GautTicr, Duprey G., I'incke, Mrs. Recinap, Gayiey, Mrs. Gardiner, Fiscner, WILLtam, Grppes, Donan G., Fiscuer, Witiram H., Garrarp, Miss Marcarer H., Fisu, Mrs. Hamitron, GEeLsHENEN, Wm. H., Fisner, Pror. Irvine, Georce, G. K., Fisuer, L. G., GerrisH, Jonn Brown, Fracter, Harry Harkness, Gerry, Peter G., Fnannery, Mrs. Josrrpu A., Gerry, Roserr L.., FLrIscHMANN, Upo M., GERSTENDORFER, ALBERT, FLErIrMann, Frepenicx 'T., *Getty, Henry N., Fiteminc, Henry S., Giss, Mrs. H. E., Firmine, Matrurew C., GiLBert, CLINTON, I'Lnoyp-Jones, EKnwarp H., GILDERSLEEVE, Hon. H. A., Four, Franz, GiLuespIc, Rozerr Mc Foor, Sanprorp Dwierr, Gituies, Epwin J., Foran, Greorce J., Gitsey, Henry, Forp, Miss Lrsra, Guazier, Henry S., Forpycr, Joun A., Giyn, W. E., Foster, Epwarp W., Goapgy, W. H., Foster, Grraup, Gopparp, Mrs. Frepvrric N., Foster, Macoms G., Goprrey, Mrs. &. D., Fosrrr, Scorr, Gopiry, Grorce McM., Fowter, Mrs. ANDERSON, GoELL, J AcoB, Fow ter, Cuares, JR., GOLDMANN, JULIUS, Fox, Miss Anice Brercurr, GotpMaNN, NaTHAn, Fox, Hucn F., Gotpwater, Henry, Frank, Louis, Goon, Rev. Roser, Franko, NaHAN, Goopnuet, Cuartes F., Fraser, ALex. J., Goopwin, Georce B., Frasrtr, Arex. V., GoopwIn, Mrs. J. J., Fraser, Mrs. Grorce C., Goopwin, James L.., Fraser, Miss J. K., Goopwin, GRENVILLE, Freeman, Miss Gertrrupr A., Goopwin, H. Sacer, Frencu, Danten C., Goopwin, Joun B. L., Frencu, Mrs. Jonn, Goopwin, Watter L.., Frims, Dr. Harorp H., Goopwin, Water L., Jn., FrissELu, A. S., Gorvon, Miss Ciara J., Frost, Aaron V., GoTTHELrF, CHARLES, FrorHiINGHAM, Joun W., Gorrnetr, Herman, Fup, Frwix, Gorrnoip, ArrHur I, Furter, Cuarres D., GorrHoLp, FREDERIC, Fuiter, Mrs. Evcenr, Goutp, Cuartes A., Funke, Epmunp A., Goutp, Cuaries W., GartuarD, Mrs. Wm. O., Gouxp, Epwin, GaLiarp, NasHanaer K., Goutp, Mrs. Epwin, GALLATIN, ALBERT, Grar, WiLtiaAM, GaLiatin, Mrs. ALBERT, Gramam, Mrs. Georce S., GALLATIN, GOELET, Grant, LAWRENCE, Gatiatin, Mrs. Gorter, Grant, Mrs. De Fores’, Gattaway, Merrinit W., Graves, Grorce Cor, GaLLowHur, W. G., Graves, Henry, JR., * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Graves, J. P., Gray, Henry G., Gray, Mrs. H. Winrnnor, GREENE, G. S., JR., GREENOUGH, JOHN, Greenoucn, Mrs. Jon, GreeNnwoop, Josepn R., GREER, CHARLES, Greer, Mrs. Louris Morris, Gries, WiLti1AM G., GrirritrH, Miss Marcarette F., Grirriry, Miss Susan D., Gricc, Harry K., GriInNnNELL, E. Morean, Griscom, CLeMenT A., JR, Griswotp, Mrs. I. Gray, Gnriswoip, W. E. S., *Gross, FRANK, Gross, JAMEs S., Grunpner, M., GrunNeER, Wm. C., GUGGENHEIM, Harry [., GUGGENHEIM, SrMon, GuccrNuHerImer, Mrs. Eniza, GuinzBure, A. M., *Guiteras, Dr. Ramon, *GURNEE WALTERS, Haas, Greorce C., Harren, Joun M., Harren, Miss WituetMiIna, Hace, Joun D., Haicut, Cyartes S., Harnes, Cuaries D., Haxuxerr, Mrs. Sarai Sroxes, vam, Ax, C:, Hatt, Frank L., Hatt, Wn. W., Haxiock, Cuartirs P., Hatts, WILi1aAM, JR., Hatrsey, Cuarres W., Hatsey, Hersert Draxn, Hamann, Wituam A.,, Hamesreton, T. Epwanrp, Hamerstry, Louis Gorpon, Hamirtton, Miss Enizaneru S., Hartwetrt, Dr. Joun A., Hasstacuer, JACOB, Hastinecs, Mrs. ‘Tro as, HarnHaway, Ciarces, Havemeyer, Henry, Havemeyenr, J; C.,, Haven, Georce G., Haven, J. Woopwanp, Havens, Arzertr G., Hawk, Mrs. Wittiam Samuetn, Hawkes, Miss Eva, Haynes, Witttam DeForest, Hazen, Georcr H., Hecur, Rupotr, Hecker, Dr. Anon J., Heck, Georce C., Hecxkscuer, Mrs. Avucust, Hepces, Joz F., Heipe, Henry, Jr., Heiman, E., Heintz, JouHN C., Hemmine, H. G., Hencken, Hancke, Henperson, Joun B., Henperson, NorMan, Henny, Francis A., Hennine, Emit F., Herzsurn, Mrs. A. Barron, Hermann, Bernarp F., *HERMANN, Mrs. Ferpinann, Hernsrapt, W. L., Herrick, Harorp, Herrman, Mrs. Henry S., Hersu, Royat V., Herter, Mrs. ArBerv, Herzoc, Paut, M., Hewirr, Miss Sarat C., Hewirr, Herserr H., Hewirr, Perer Coorrr, *Hexamer, A. P., Heyot, Cuas. E., Hicks, E. Prrrronr, Hicxs, Joun M. W., Hicerns, Riciarp H., Hicernson, Mrs. J. J., Hamitton, Mrs. Witiiamt Pirrson, |G bravinped Oped oye Wammonp, Mrs. Joun Henry, Hammonp, Ocprn H., Hammonp, Witriam F., Hance, Joun A., Harpin, Wm. B., Harmon, Mrs. Crrrrorp, Harriman, Mrs. Herserr M., Harriman, W. A., Harrison, Mrs. W. Henry, Harris, Cuartes C., Hart, Harorp G., Hartsnyorne, J. M., Hit, Roserr C., Hincxrey, Mrs. Samurn NeEtrson, Hirp, SaAMvet, Hirscu, Cuaries S., HirscuiannD, Franz H., Hocuscuitp, BerrHorp, Hopers, Harrison B., Hoe, Mrs. Roserr, HorrmMan, Cuaries FREDERICK, Horrman, Miss M. U., Horrman, Mrs. Witiramne M. V., Hoce, James A.., * DECEASED 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Horsrook, Mrs. Enwarp, Hoxuister, Grorce C., Hotter, Mrs. E. O., Homes, Henry F., Hootry, Epwin S., Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S., *Hopxins, Russety, Hopkins, A. A., Hoppin, Miss FRANCEs, Horrin, Hamittron L., Horrin, WILLIAM W., JR., Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Horr, L. Warii1am, *HorsmMAN, Epwarp, J., JR. Hosxier, H. C., HousmMAn, CLARENCE J.,, Howett, T. A., Howranp, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyr, Axrrrep O., Hoyt, Coieate, Hoyt, Enwin, Hoyt Mrs. Henry R., Hoyt, Mrs. Jesse, Hoyt, Joun S., Hoyt, Miss Virernta Scorr, Hoyt, Watter S., Huspparp, WAtrTER C., Horr, EK. S., Hotse, Ricuarp J. E., Huncerrorp, Ricwuarp S., Hunn, Arruur B., Huntinoton, Mrs. Rozert P., Huntinoton, Forp, Huntman, Rey. Gerarp H., Hourret, J. Curistian G. Hustep, Miss M. Karuarrne, Hustep, Seymour L., Jr., Hutcuins, Aucustus SCHELL, Hutcuins, Hartey D., Hutcuinson, Cary T., Euvrer, ©.) Ds Huyirer, F. 1:, Hype, Avcustus L., Hyoe, B. T. Bassrrt, Hype, Dr. Frepvericx E., Hype, Mrs. Wiri1am H., Hype, W. Trustow, *Hype, Mrs. E. Francis, [BBEKEN, ANTHONY G., *Incues, Georce B., INGERSOLL, Rozpert H., Innis, Wittiam R., InstEE, Epwin W., Irons, Henry C., IsELIN, C. OLiver, IseEvin, Miss GrorcGine, IseLin, JoHN H., IsEx1n, Miss Louise M., TIsELIN, Witi1am E., IsexIn, Mrs. Witiiam E., TIseuin, Witit1AmM O’DonNELL, IsHam, Cuartes B., IsHam, Witiiam B., IsraEL, LEon, *JacKxson, Dr. Grorce THomas, * Jackson, R. C., Jackson, R. Hatsey, *Jackson, SAMUEL MacauLey, Jacos, LAWRENCE, *Jacozni, Dr. A., Jacozgs, SAMUEL K., Jacosus, JOHN S., JACQUELIN, Herpert T. B., JAFFRAY, ROBERT, James, Mrs. Arruur Curtiss, James, Henry, JR., James, Dr. Roserr C., James, Mrs. Worruam, James, Mrs. Watter B., JENKINS, Mrs. Grace Hartiey, JENKINS, A. W., JENKINS, Mrs. Herten H., JENKINS, J. D., JENKINS, WILLIAM B., Jenks, Rosert I., JENNINGS, FREDERICK B., JENNINGS, SIDNEY J., JENNINGS, WALTER, Jesup, Mrs. James R., Jesup, Ricuarp M., JouHn, Ropert, Jounson, F. Cort, Jounson, Guy B., JoHNSON, GitBerT H., Jounson, THos. W., JomNnston, J. HERBERT, Jomnston, WILLIAM J., Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Jones, Mrs. CapDwALaDER, Jones, Cuartes H., Jonrs, H. Boiron, Jones, Lewis Q., Kaun, Ferix E., Kaun, Louis, Kaun, Dr. Rosert J., KaHN, Watter N., Kane, Mrs. Artuur S., Kane, Mrs. DELANCEY, IK ARCHER, FRANK J., KARELSEN, EpH A.,, Kast, Dr. Lupwice, Kean, Hamittron Fisu, Kean, Mrs. Hamitton Fisu, Keecu, Franx B., Keecu, Mrs. Frank B., KEELER, Mrs. C. B., * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT KEEN, Barton L., Keit, Henry F., KELCHNER, WILLIAM W., *KELLoGG, J. PRENTICE, Ketiy, Horace R., KENNEDY, Epwarp G., KENNEDY, Mrs. JoHN STEWART, KenneEDY, Mrs. H. Van RENSSELAER, KENNERLY, Miss M. M., Kent, Epwin C., Kepuart, Rev. Witiram H., KEPPEL, Davin, IKkerNAN, Mrs. Watter N., Kercuam, Irvine M., KEvFFEL, W. G., Keyes, Mrs. Cuarites W., Keyser, Mrs. SAMUEL, Kine, Avucustus F., Kine, Miss Eten, Kine, Miss EruHen, Kine, James Gore, Kinc, Mrs. J. Howarp, Kine, Mrs. Leroy, Kinessury, Natruan C., Kincstann, Mrs. Witi1am M., Kinestey, W. M., KINNEY, WARREN, Kinney, Mrs. Warren, Kip, W. Rutorr, KirkuHam, Witiiam B., KisseL, Mrs. W. Tuorn, KiIrrrEDGE, SAMUEL Dawna, Kitz, JOSEPH, Kxiaw, Marc, Kirin, D. Emit, Kuren, Mitton M., KLINGENSTEIN, CHARLES, Kwapp, ARNOLD, Knapp, Mrs. Harry K., JR., Knapp, Mrs. JosEpPH PALMER, Knicut, CuHartes R., KNoepier, Rotanp F., Koenter, H. C., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, Kountrsaat, Miss Enviru M., Kors, Greorce C., JRr., Kos, FRepERICK, Koes, Dr. Henry M., Konta, ALEXANDER, Kraus, Sam, Krecu, Mrs. Atvin W., Kremer, Mrs. Wiiii1am N., KruwnscHeEr, C. D., Kuun, Avcust, KuHN, JULIUS, Kunuarpt, Henry R., KurzMan, Cuartes C., Kuser, JoHN Dryvden, Kuser, Joun L., Kurrrorr, ADOoLr, Kurrrorr, Freperick, Lacombe, Hon. E. Henry, Lacat, Dr. GreorGe, Lanens, Mrs. Puese P., LAIMBEER, JOHN, JR., Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lambert, Dr. A. V. S., LAMBERT, Dr. SamveL W., LAMBERT, Mrs. SaAmvuret W., Lamporn, A. H., IL.a Monrtacur, Miss Manir, Lamont, Mrs. THomas Wiii1aM, LANDAUER, I. N., ILANDON, Francis G., Lane, Miss ANNIE E., LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, LANE, Wo tcottT G., Lance, Miss CarMEN, Lancetoru, Mrs. JAcop, Lanier, Mrs. James F. D., LapHam, Mrs. JouHn J., Lattinc, CHartts P., Lauper, Mrs. Georce, JRr., LAuTERBACH, Mrs., LAWRENCE, EMLEN N., LAWRENCE, JOHN Burtine, LAWRENCE, JoHN L., LawreENcE, Newsotp T., LAWRENCE, R. WarREN, Lawrence, Mrs. Amory A., LAWRENCE, Hiram V., LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, Lawrence, Mrs. W. W., LAWRENCE, W. V., Lawson, Artuur, M., Lawson, Wm. W., Lawton, Mrs. James MarsLanp, Lea, Cuartes M., Leacun, Henry Gopparp, LEAVENS, Marion H., Lepiie, GEorGE, Lepoux, Dr. AxBert R., Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Lee, GeorceE C., Lerrerts, MarsHatr C., Lerxovics, Mrs. JULIETTE, Lecco, GEORGE, Leccett, WARREN F., LeuMatirER, JAMES M., LeHman, Meyer H., LELAND, WILFRED C., LronuHARD, J. Henry, LeRoy, Epwarp A., Lesiie, J. C., , * DECEASED 27 28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Lester, Grorce Bacon, LETKEMANN, H. V., Levor, G., *Lewis, Mrs. Avcust, *Lewis, Frepertc Evviort, *Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, Dr. Wiiitam J., Lewisoun, ADOLPH, Licuenstetrn, Oscar R., IZIEB;) les Ws Lieser, Dr. Hueco, Lincotn, Freperic W., LircuFrieLp, E. Huser, Lircurretp, Epwarp H., LirravrR, SIEGFRIED, LicHENSTEIN, PAvt, Livermore, Mrs. Jonn R., Lioyp, Mrs. J. P., Lorw1, Hvuco V., Loew1, Dr. Karu J., Locan, Frank J., Locan, Wm. J., LoineEs, Russett H., Loomis, Guy, Lounsspery, Miss Arice, Low, Eruersert Ibe, Low, Wiri1am Grim an, JR., Lowe Lt, James B., Lowtner, Curistopner M., Lupineton, C. H., Luptam, Matrcoim C., Lupitow, Mrs. Banyer, Luptum, C. A., Lvuepe_r, A., Luxe, Davin L., LukKE, JoHN G., Lusk, Pror. GraHam, LuTrcEN, WALTHER, LyMAN, Frank, Lyman, Miss Grace G., Lypic, Mrs. Puri, McAtrin, H. D., McAtprn, Mrs. Cuarres W., McAtpin, Mrs. D. Hunter, Jr., McAtpin, Georce L., McBrine, Mrs. Herserr, McCaee, Louis B., McCatz, RicHarp, McCoy, J.0C. McCrea, W. S., McCreery, Mrs. Henry Forses, McCuttou, J. S., McGrecor, Rey. Roperr Gorpon, McKeever, J. LAWRENCE, McKim, Joun A., McKim, Leroy, McLane, Tuomas S., McLean, JAMEs, McLean, MarsHatt, McManus, Epwarp F., McNair, WitiiaM, Mac Fappen, C. K., MacrarRLANE, WALLACE, Macx, Arrnur C., Mac Nutr, Mrs. Francis A., Macer, JoHNn, Macer, F. Rosert, Mate, Francis S., Maui, Prerre, Matt, Mrs. Pierre, Mann, WiL11aAmM pD’ALTON, Mapes, Daniet, JR., Mapes, Ernest S., Mapes, Eucene E., Markxuam, Roserr D., Marcxwatp, Arsert H., Marxkor, Harry, Marxog, Dr. J. W., Marsnatt, A. W. W., Marsuaty, Mrs. CHAUNCEY, Marsu, CuHaries Capron, Marston, Epwin S., Martin, Bravery, JR., Martin, Mrs. Suetton E., Martin, Dr. Warton, Martin, Mrs. Howarp Townsenp, *Manrtinez, Micuet R., MaryéE, R. V., Masten, Artuur H., Masters, Francis R., Masters, Miss, Matuer, SAMUEL, Maruevs, Mrs. Wiper K., Maruewson, Cuartes E., Marzxe, ApoLpH, Maxwe.t, Georce T., Maxwe.ti, Howarp W., Mayer, B., Mayer, JEsseE, Maver, Jos. B., *Mayer, Mrs. Josepn B., Maywnarp, Mrs. Water E., Meapve, RicuHarp W., Meeker, Henry E., Meem, JAMEs C., Ment, Henry, Mernuarp, Morton H., Metoy, Anprew D., MesseNGER, Miss Maria Gerarp, Meyer, EvGENE, JR., Meyer, Dr. Grorce W., Meyer, Miss HE totse, Meyrowitz, Emit B., MienXuinc, CHARLES, Mizsurn, JoHN G., Miter, Mrs. Exizapetu C. T., * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Miter, Mrs. Cyrus C., Mirier, Mrs. Cuartes E., Miter, NatHan J., Mitter, Peyton F., Miter, W. W., Miitet, Mrs. F. D., Mittrert, S. C., MiLiikEN, Mrs. Gernrisu H., Mitis, ApraHam G., Mitis, ANDREW, Mitts, Freperic C., Mitmine, C. E., *MontTANT, ALPHONSE, Montcomery, CARLETON, Moore, Mrs. Barrincton, Moore, Casimir vER., Moore, Mrs. Casimir vER., Moore, Cuartes Arruer, Jr., Moore, Miss K. T., Moorneap, Horace R., Morawetz, Vicror, Morcan, Miss ANNE, Morean, Miss C. L., Morean, Epwin D., Morcan, Mrs. J. B., Morcan, Mrs. PIerpont, Morean, Junius S., JR., Morcan, Junius S., Morean, Wittiam FELLowes, Morcan, Writxitam Forses, Jr., Morris, Dave H., Morris, GOUVERNEUR, Morris, Lewis SpeNceEn, Morrison, N. H., Morton, Mrs. Pavt, Moste, A. Henry, Moss, Ernest J., Morey, Jas. M., Morr, Henry C., Mort, Mrs. Joun Bowne, Movtron, Arruur J.,, MveEtier, Cuartes F., Mutter, Cart, MvuHLFELD, Frank J., Muruyarr, Miss Sarau G., Munn, Cuartes A., Muwnroe, Henry W., Munsey, Frank A., MuvrcGatroynb, JoHN, Murrua, Tuomas F., Murpnuy, Mrs. Ferix Tone, MuvscHENHEIM, Frep A., Myers, WitiiaM S., Napa, Mrs. Cuas. C., *NAEGELI, ROBERT, Nertson, Dr. Howanp S., Neitson, WaLbLace Purart, NeEttes, Hueco C., NELson, JAMEs W., NESMITH, JAMES, NEUMOEGEN, M. L., NEUMOEGEN, Mrs. M. L., NeEvustaptT, Mrs. S., NewcomsBe, Mrs. Cuarwes M., Nicnots, Acosta, NicHots, JoHN W. T., Nicott, BENJAMIN, Nicott, Mrs. Bengzamin, Noxes, Rospert L., Noxker, Roserr E., Norman, Mrs. Braprorp, Norrre, Miss Mary, Norrie, Mrs. E. L. Breese, Norru, Georce B., Norton, W. P., NotrMan, GEORGE, OBeRMAYER, CHARLES J., O’Brien, Percy, O’ConneELL, Dr. J. H., O’Connor, James B., Ocus, ApvorpnH S., OeTrinceR, Dr. P. J., OFFERMAN, JOHN, Ocpen, Cuarres W., OcpeN, Davin B., Ocpen, J. R., Ocpen, Miss Mary F., Oumets, JOHN, Onmets, P. M., Ox.corr, Duprey, Oxcorr, Duprey, 2Np, Oxcorr, E. E., Orn, Mrs. STEPHEN H., Oitney, Eram Warp, OLYPHANT, RosBert, Onativia, J. Victor, OpreENHYM, GEORGE J., OprpENHEIMER, Dr. Henry S., OprpENHEIMER, Davin E., Orpway, Samuet H., Ortu, CHartes D., OrtTiIncer, Marx, Orritey, James H., OvuversrinGe, Mrs. Anotpeu J., OvuTeERBRIDGE, Dr. Pavt, PackarbD, Mrs. E. Winstow, Pace, Witu1am H., Paine, Mrs. Avucustus G., PaintTER, Dr. H. McM., PatmeEr, EncGar, Parmer, Dr. T. S., ParisH, WAINWRIGHT, Parisu, Mrs. Epwarp C., Parker, A. W., Parker, Epwarp Luptow, PaRrKER, JUNIUS, * DECEASED 29 30 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Parker, WINTHROP, Parpart, Witi1aM E., Parsons, Miss GERTRUDE, Parsons, HERBERT, Parsons, Mrs. Joun E., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, Witi1am Barciay, Parrrivce, Epwarp L., Patron, Davin, Parrerson, Henry STuART, Parrrrson, T. H. Hoce, Payne, Mrs. Henry W., PEABODY, STEPHEN, Pearson, Mrs. FREDERICK, Pease, J. GRANT, Peck, Cuartes E., Pecx, Leicester O., Pecknam, Miss Marie Louise, PecramM, Epwarp S., PENDLETON, Francis Key, PenroLtp, EpMuND, Penrose, Dr. Cuartes B., Percivat, L. A. D., Perkins, Rozert P., Perry, Mrs. Wiriiam A., Peters, Mrs. Cuares G., Prerers, WittiAM RicHMOND 3 3 Preirrer, Curt G., PFEIFFER, GEORGE, ProrzHEIMER, Cart H., Puetrps, Mrs. ANSEL, Puerprs, Dr. Governeur M., Prartr, Dr. Vircit C., PickHARDT, CaRL, Piet, GOrTrrRieD, Piet, MicHaert, Prerrerpont, Miss ANNA Jay, Pierrepont, R. STuyVESANT, Pierson, GEN. J. FRED, Pittotr, P. Stuyvesant, Pincuort, GirrorpD, Pitney, Mrs. J. O. H., Pratt, Cuaries H., Pratt, Frank H., Pruatr, Henry B., Pratt, LivinGston, PLaTrEN, J. W., *Portk, Dr. Witi1am M., *Portock, GrorcE F., Pomeroy, Dante E., Pomroy, Mrs. H. K., Ponpb, Miss Fiorence L., Poor, Henry V., Poor, Rocer M., Porr, G. D., Porter, ALEXANDER J., Porter, Horace, Porter, Louis H., Porter, Witiiam L., Post, Asram S., Post, Mrs. Cuarites ALFRED, Post, Grorce B., Posr, Wiii1am H., Porrer, Miss BLancHeE, Porrer, Epwarp CLAaRrKsoNn, Porrer, FREDERICK, Porrer, JAMES Brown, Porrer, Ortanpo B., Porrrer, R. Burnside, Porrer, Mrs. R. Burnsipe, Porrer, Furer, Ports, Witit1am Brevoort, Prarr, AtBert H., Pratt, Grorce D., Pratt, H. L., Pratt, JouHN T., Pratrr, Mrs. Joun T., Pratr, SAMUEL, Prentice, JoHN Hitt, Prentiss, Miss Henrietta, Preston, VERYL, Prippy, LAWRENCE, Prime, Miss CorNELIiA, Prince, Epwarp S., Procrer, WILLIAM, Procror, Mrs. Cartes E., Procror, Mrs. Marta W. W., Procror, THomas R., Procror, Wm. Ross, Provost, Mrs. Cornetius W., Puxirzer, Mrs. Josepy, Putsirer, Mrs. N. T., Putnam, IRVING, Pyte, D. H. McAtrrn, Pyze, Mrs. James ToLtMan, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, Quincy, Cuartes F., QuintarD, Dr. Epwarp, Rawnpoten, Wititiam W., Ranrr, RicHarp, RANGER, STANLEY, Rasmus, W. T., Rasmus, W., RatHpBorne, RicHarp C., RavucH, WILLIAM, Ravwnor, Irvine, Raymonp, H. E., Reap, Mrs. Wiriiam A., Repmonp, Miss E., Repmonp, Mrs. Henry S., Reeps, Cuester A., Reeves, Marx W., Reip, JoHN, Rem, OcpeN Mitts, Reip, Mrs. Ocpen Mitts, Rem, WALLACE, * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT REINHARDT, GEORGE N., Retstncer, Curr H., REMINGTON, FRANKLIN, REMSEN, CHARLES, RensuHaw, Howarp Price, Reyno.ps, E. B., Reyna, Mrs. NatTHANIEL C., Ruert, Miss FLoreNnce, RHINELANDER, PHILIP, Rice, Cuarwes G., Ricuarp, Miss Evine, Ricuarp, O. L.., Ricuarp, Epwin A., Ricuarps, CHaries A., Ricuarps, Esen, Ricuarps, E. O., Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Trrrany, Ricuarpson, Mrs. D. E., Rices, Geo. C., Riker, WM. J., Ripley, JULIEN A., Ripre, Mrs. E. J., Ross, Mrs. N. THayer, Rogpins, CHANDLER, Rorsins, Mrs. HELen C., Rozerts, G. THEODORE, Roserts, Mrs. Cruartes H., Roserts, Miss Grace vAN Braam, *Roserts, Miss M. M., Roxerts, Owen F., RoBertsoN, ALBERT, Rosertson, L. J., Rosertson, R. H., Roginson, Mrs. Dovuctas, Rosrnson, Epwarp, Roxginson, G. H., Rogsrnson, Miss PAuLine, Rosison, WILLIAM, Rocue, Mrs. Burke, Rockereiter, Mrs. WititaM G., RocKkeFretuer, Mrs. J. D., JR., RecKwoop, Witiiam H., Ropewa xp, F. L., Roe, Cuartes F., Rot, Frank O., Rog, Irvine L., Rocers, E. L., Rocers, Cuas. F., Rocers, Mrs. Cuas. F., Rocers, Mrs. FrANCIs, Rocers, Husperr E., Rocers, Mrs. Wixtii1am BeEvertey, RoKENBAUGH, HeENry S., Rotte, Avucustus J., Ro tiins, Frank S., Romeoucn, JouHN B., Roor, CLiarENcE M., Roosevett, Mrs. JAMEs, RoosEvett, Mrs. Hirzorne L., RoosEvett, W. EMLeN, Root, Exinu, Rose, Mrs. A. SuMNER, Rorn, Frepericx G. R., Roru, J. E., RoruBartH, ALBERT, Roruuavr, Rev. Antony J., RorHweEtLt, James E., RowLanpb, THoMas, Ruuwe, Louis, Ruut, Louts, Rumsey, Mrs. Cuarves Cary, Runyon, Carman R., Runyon, E. W., Runyon, WALTER C., Rvurerti, Justus, Ruppert, Mrs. JAcos, *Russe_t, ArcHIBALD D., Russett, Mrs. Horace, RussEtt, Dr. Joun F., Ryan, JoHN Barry, Ryan, Mrs. Tuomas F., Rye, ARTHUR, Rye. GraHamM, Sacus, ARTHUR, Sackett, Miss Heten H., Sace, JouHn H., Sampson, ALDEN, Sampson, Cuartes E., SANDHAGEN, H., Sanps, Miss ANNE A., Sanps, Mrs. BENJAMIN AYMAR, Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn, Sara, F. A., SarcGent, Henry B., SarGeNtT, Grorce Luoyn, SatrerteEE, Mrs. H. L., SATTERWHITE, Preston P., *SAUTER, FREDERICK, SauTeR, FRED, JR., ScarBurGH, Roserr S., ScHaEFER, ANDREAS F., ScuakEFerR, Enwarp C., ScuHakEFER, HENRY, ScHath, W., Scuank, Georce E., Scuaug, C. F., *ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F., ScuauFrrFr_eR, Mrs. A. F., Scuerer, AntToN H., Scuenck, Henry pveEB., Scuener, A. L., Scuirr, Gustav H., ScurEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., ScuHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM Jay, ScHIMMEL, SIEGFRIED, *ScuirmMerR, Ruporen E., * DECEASED 31 32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ScuuicKer, Cart P., ScHMELZEL, GEORGE, ScHMELZEL, Miss JANE E., ScHMELZEL, JAMES H., Scumipt, WitiraM P., Scumipt, Wituiam H., Scumipr, FeEpor, ScuwnaBEL, R. A., ScHNAKENBERG, D., ScHNIEWIND, Ewarp H., ScHNIEWIND, H., Jr., ScHOEN, Cart, Scnoize, A. H., Scurac, Cuaries A., Scurac, Louis, Scureirer, Henry, Scuuyter, Miss Loutsa Ler, Scuwazb, Henry B. veV., Scuwanrtz, Lewis F., Scuwarz, HerBert F., Scuwanrz, Henry F., ScHWARZLER, ALBERT J., Scorretp, Miss Marton, Scott, Donat, Scorr, Hon. Francis M., Scorr, Mrs. Franx H., Scorr, THomas Brytue, Scorr, WILLIAM, Scovitte, Herperr, ScovitLE, Rosert, Scripner, Arruur H., ScrIBNER, CHARLEs, Scripner, Mrs. CHAR tes, Scrymser, Mrs. James A., Seaman, Dr. Louis L., Srepewick, Roserr, SEES EAL JB:; SEIDENBERG, Oro, SELIGMAN, A. J., SeriemaNn, Georcre W., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SELIGMAN, JosePH L.., Serieman, Mrs. Isaac N., Senrr, Mrs. Cuartes H., Seton, ALFRED, Sexton, Lawrence E., Suattruck, A. R., SHaw, Franx A., Sueets, Dr. E. A., *SHEEHAN, WILLIAM, SHEEHAN, Mrs. Wititam F. SHEFFIELD, JAMEs R., SHEFFIELD, Mrs. James R., SHELDON, Epnpwarp W., *SueL_pon, Georce R., SHELDON, WILLIAM C., SueparD, Dr. Georce A., Sueparp, FINLEY J., by SueparD, Mrs. Exxiorr F., Sueparp, Miss ANNIE R., Suimon, Davin, Suipman, Ricwuarp D., SuHipway, SAMUEL W., SHoEMAKER, Henry W., Suonnarp, Horatio S., Suvutnor, Orro B., Srptey, Mrs. H. W., SreDENBURG, ReErnwarpd, JR., SIEGEL, J ACoB, SreceL, WILLIAM, Sirteck, Henry G., Jr., Srtteck, Mrs. Henry G., Jr, Sirriman, James R., Sirtiman, Harper, Sima, ALFRED L., Srxron, Rozert E., Simon, Tueo. A., Srmvson, JoHN W., Simpson, Ernest L., Sinciair, Mrs. Jonn, Srxcrair, Mrs. WitiiaM, Sincer, ARTHUR J., Sxeet, Dr. Franx D., SKINNER, M. P., Stave, Francis Louts, StaucutTer, R. B., Staven, Rarpnu E., Stoan, Mrs. SaAMvEL, Srtocum, H. J., JR., Stocum, Cot. J. J., Stocum, Tuomas W., Stoss, A. M., Snipt, THomas, Smitey, DANIEL, Situ, James C., SmILuie, Rarpn, Smitu, AUGUSTINE J., Smirn, C. Harotp, Smiru, Mrs. Cuartes S., SmitH, Exnsas D., SmitTH, Prerre J., Smiru, Rosert K., SmiIrHeERsS, CHARLES, Smirue_ers, F. S., Snow, E. G., SNYDER, VALENTINE P., SoLDWEDEL, FREDERICK A., SoNDHEIM, PHEINAS, Sorcuan, Mrs. Vicror, Sours, Lous H., SPALDING, KEITH, Spatpinc, H. BoarpMan, Sparrow, Mrs. Epwarp W., SPEAR, JAMES, JR., Sprppen, Freperic O., Spencer, Mrs. Enwarps, * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 33: SpeNCcER, ALEXANDER H., Sperry, WiLiiAmM M., Speyer, Mrs. James, SprrzNer, Georce W., SporrorD, Mrs. J. L., SpracuE, Mrs. Frank J., Spricc, JuDGE CARROLL, Sprinc, Miss ANNA Riker, Sprincs, Ricuarp A., Spurr, E. W., Saurps, Dr. Envwarp H., SeurrE, Espen H. P., Srarrorp, Wiit1amM FREDERICK, Srarrorp, Mrs. Witi1amM FRepDERICK, Sraut, ADOLFoO, SratirortyH, F., Stanton, Frank McMiIrran, Stanton, JoHN R., Srapies, Mrs. JoHNn J., Starr, Louts Morris, Stearns, Louts, STEELE, CHARLES, STEELE, Mrs. CHartes, Srerrs, J. Ricw, Srein, Mrs. Arexis W., STEINECK, Epwarp, SremNHARDT, Josepu H., STEINMETZ, JOHN A., STEPHENS, OLIN J., STEPHENS, Ropericx, SterN, BENJAMIN, *SreveNS, ALEXANDER H., SrEeveNs, FrepEerIc W., Srevens, Oscar E., *STEVENS, RICHARD, Srevens, Mrs. Ricwarp, Stewart, Ceciu P., Stewart, Exiwin K., Srewart, Wiiuiam R., Stickets, Epwarp H., STILLMAN, CHAUNCEY, STittMAN, Mrs. C. C., STILLMAN, JosEPH F., STILLMAN, JAMEs A., Stimpson, Epwin B., Stimson, Dr. Danter M., Stoxss, F. A., Strokes, Mrs. James, Stone, Miss ANNIE, Stone, Cuarwes A., StoneE, Miss Eten J., Strout, Josepn &., Stout, ANDREW V., Srow, GeorceE G., SrraicgHT, WILLARD, Srrance, A. B., Straus, H. Grant, Straus, Mrs. NaTHan, JR., Straus, Percy S., Srrauss, ALBERT, Strauss, FREDERICK, Srrauss, CHARLEs, Strauss, Martin, STREAT, J AMES, Srreet, W. A., STroHMEYER, F G., StronGc, BENJAMIN, JR., Srronc, Ricuarp A., Srroock, JosEPH, Strroock, Louis S., StrutHers, DuNCAN, Stuart, Roserr, Sturces, Henry C., Sucxiey, Mrs. R. B., SULLIVAN, Mrs. JAMEs, Sutro, Lionet, SuypamM, LAMBERT, Swan, Mrs. J. ANpREws, Swan, JAMEs A.,, Swanson, Dr. F. J., Swanzy, Mrs. Francis Mitts, Swayne, Mrs. Francis B., Swenson, S. A., Sworps, WittiAmM Vooruts, Syms, Dr. Parker, Taper, Miss Mary, Tazor, F. H., Tart, Henry W., Tac, ALBERT, TAKAMINE, JOKICHI, JR., Tatcorr, Mrs. James, TaumaceE, Mrs. E. T. H., TANENBAUM, Moses, TatrHam, CHARLES, Taussic, Noan W., Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osporn, Taytor, Henry R., Taytor, James B., Taytor, Luioyn, Taytor, Moses, Taytor, WiruiaAm R. K., Taytor, Rogert C., Taytor, WILLIAM A., *Trenney, C. H. Tenney, DanieEt G., Terry, Mrs. Joun T., Terry, Roverick, JR., Terry, WYLLys, ‘lHacHerR, ARCHIBALD G., Trracuer, Mrs. Greorce W., TuacHer, THOMAS, TRrraw;, J. 'C:, Tuayer, Harry Bates, Tuesaup, Mrs. Pau, Tuomas, Mrs.Howarp L., Tuomas, SETH E., JR., * DECEASED 34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY THompson, Artuur G., Tompson, Frarrincron M., *Txompson, La Marcus A., Tuompson, Mrs. J. TopHunter, THompson, Witt1aAmM Boyce, Tomson, Giraup F., THorLEY, CHARLES, Tuorne, Mrs. Enwin, TuorneE, Cuas. SrockTon, THORNE, JONATHAN, THORNE, Mrs. JONATHAN, TuorneE, Mrs. W. V. S., Tuurser, H. F., THursBy, SIDNEY, TIEDEMANN, Henry F., TIEDEMANN, THEODORE, Tiers, Mrs. ALEXANDER H., Tirrany, Louts C., Titrorp, Mrs. Henry MoreGan, Titt, ALBERT, Titton, JosepH W., TIMMERMANN, Henry G., Timoxat, JAMEs G., Timpson, JAMEs, Top, J. KENNEDY, Topp, M. Parsons, Topp, Wa ter B., Topp, Joun R., TonNELE, Mrs. JoHN N., Townss, M. G., TownsEND, Miss Amy C., TownsEND, Mrs. E. M., TOWNSEND, Epwin SG., TownsENnD, H. N., TowNsEND, Howarp, TowNsEND, Mrs. James M., TowNsEND, Isaac, TowNsEnD, James B., TownsEnD, J. H., Trencu, Cuartes S., Trimsie, Mrs. Ricuarp, TroescHer, A. F., *TrowpripGe FrepericK K., Tucker, Mrs. AGNEs J., Tucker, Car1, TucKERMAN, ALFRED, TucKERMAN, Pauvt, TurNBULL, ARTHUR, TurNBULL, Mrs. Ramsay, TuRNBULL, WILLIAM, TurNnore, GeorceE E., Tuska, BENJAMIN, Tweep, Mrs. Cuartes H., Twinine, E. S., Unt, Oswarp W., Upmann, Cart, VALENTINE, Mrs. Patrick A.,, VALENTINE, Dr. Witi1am A.,, Van BeEuren, Frepericx T., JR., Van CortTLanpt, AuGustUus, Van Cott, Harvey A., VANDERBENT, TEUNIS J., VaNDeERGRIFT, S. H., VANDERPOEL, AmBRosE E., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A., VANDERLIP, FRANK A., VAN DER SmissENn, Dr. G. J., Van GersBic, BArEND, Van Incen, Mrs. Epwarp, Van Incen, Mrs. E. H., Van Norven, Orromar H., Van Nosrrann, B. T., Van SrnvEREN, Howarp, Van Styck, GEorcE W., Van WINKLE, Encar B., VaRIAN, WiLBuR L., VELTEN, Wit11aM F., Vernay, ArtTHUR S., VeRNON, Mrs. CaTHeERINE D., Vesper, Karu H., Vietor, Tuomas F., Vitta, Atronso P., Vircin, Dr. Freperic O., VocrLt, Herman, Voigut, WitiiaM L.., von BernutH, Frederick A., von GontarD, Mrs. ALEXANDER, von LENGERKE, JUSTUs, von Zepuitz, Mrs. ANNA M., VuILLEuMIER, Dr. Juss A., Waener, Cuartes H., Wacsrarr, Mrs. ALrrep, *Wacstarr, C. DuBors, Wainwricut, Mrs. J. Howarp, WaKELEE, Justus I., Watrsrince, Henry D., Watcort, Frreperxc C., Watpo, R., Wates, Epwarp H., Waker, E. R., WALKER, JOSEPH, JR., Waker, Bryant, Waker, Gustavus A., WALLER, STEWART, WaLLersteIN, Dr. Max, Watsu, Mrs. Jutius, JR., *WatsH, SAMUEL A., Watrer, Epear, Watter, Martin, Watrter, Wi111aM I., Watry, A. R., Wargure, Pau M., Warp, ArRTEMAS, Warpner, Henry STEELE, WarDWELL, ALLEN, W arenborFF, HERMAN, * DECEASED TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 3D Warnock, James K., WicGLeswortH, Henry, Warren, Georce H., Wiuxins, F. H., Warren, Mrs. J. Hosarr, Witicox, WiLiiaM G., Warren, Luoyn, Witi1ams, ALex S., WasuBourn, THomas G., WILLIAMs, ARTHUR, WasHBURN, Wo. IvEs, WituraMms, C. S., WatTerBuRY, JOHN I., WiiramMs, Ciarence E., WATERBURY, Miss, “WILLIAMS, Georce L.., Warriss, Mrs. Heren B., Wiirams, Mrs. Percy H., Watson, Mrs. J. Henry, Wititams, Ricuarp H., Jr., Watson, Cuartes F., Winiiams, WILLIAM, Warr, Tuomas L.., Witiiams, Wittiam H., WEATHERBEE, Mrs. Epwin H., Witiramson, Mrs. Burrer, Wess, Mrs. ALEXANDER S., Wits, W. P., Wess, F.. Ecerron, Wiuston, James R., Wess, J. GrIsworp, Witson, James Goprrey, Wess, Mrs. VaNnvdersivt, Witson, M. Orme, Wess, Mrs. WiLttamM Seward, Wineate, Greorce W., WEEKs, JouHN E., WINTER, Emit, WEEKs, JAMES, WINTER, JULIUS, WEIGLE, Cuartes H., Winturop, Ecerron L., Jr., WEILER, Mrs. Junia O., WISNER, CHARLES, Wernic, BERNARD, *WiITHERBEE, FRANK S., Wertss, J ULIUs, WirHersee, Mrs. Frank S., WEItTiING, WiLtiAM W., *WirrHaus, Dr. Ruporpn A., WetcH, Henry K. M., WirtMAN, JOSEPH, Wetcnu, Mrs. S. Crartes, Woop, ARNOLD, We tts, Mrs. Joun, Woop, Girsgerr Concpon, WE ts, OLIvER J., Woop, J. WaLtTer, WEssEL, J. HENny, Woop, WiLtiamM Conapon, WessELt, Arruur L.., WoopnHouse Company, J. S., West, Dr. WILLIAM, Woopnouse, Mrs. Josepu S., Westover, M. F., Wooprurr, Apert C., Wuarton, Miss N. C., Woopwarb, KenNetH N., WHEELocK, Mrs. G. G., Woopwarp, Mrs, WitiiaM, WHEELOCK, Wm. H., *Weopwarp, Mrs. WiLiiaM, Sr., Wuirtt, A. M., Wootey, C. M., Wuite, Harorp T., Worcester, Witrrep J., Wuirte, Lronarp D., Work, Bertram G., Wuitr, Mrs. SrTanrorp, *WorraL., P. B., Wuirenouse, J. Henry, Wort ey, R. M. Sruart, WuHuiteHouse, NorMan, Wricutsman, C. J., Wuirenouse, WititiaAmM F., Wutp, Wo. C., Wuittnc, Dr. Cuartes A., Wycxorr, Mrs. Perer Brown, Wuirtine, H. F., Yorke, Georce M., Wuittnc, Miss Gertrupe, Younc, A. Murray, WHITMAN, CLARENCE, Younc, Mrs. A. Murray, WHITMAN, WILLIAM, JR., ZABRISKIE, GEORGE A,, Wuirtremore, Howarp, ZEHNDER, C. H., Wisore, F. B., ZINN, GEORGE, WickKeErRsHAM, GEORGE W., ZINSSER, AUGUST, ZOLLER, CHARLES, * DECEASED 36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Corresponding Members Dexacour, Lirut. JEAN, FERNANDES, B. A., GitreppeR, T. P., GittrsPiE, T. H., JOHNSTON, Str Harry H., LeSover, W. H. Duptey, Mitiwarp, Russert Hastinas, SrurtTEevantT, Lieut. C. G., Tyrwuirt-Drake, G. Ladies’ Auxiliary April, 1919. AvEE, Miss E. L., Baxer, Mrs. Geo. F., Jr. Criark, Mrs. Geo. C., CrarK, Murs, J. FB. A, Cuyter, Miss, Fierp, Mrs. Wm. B. O., Grant, Mrs. DeForest, Hamitton, Mrs. Wm. P., Harriman, Mrs. J. Borpven, Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R., Hastincs, Mrs. THos., IsexIn, Mrs. Arruur, Morcan, Mrs. Prerpont, Morcan, Miss ANNE, Maywnarp, Mrs. Water E., Martin, Mrs. SHELTON, Nites, Mrs. Wm. WuHiteE, Otrn, Mrs. StepHen H., Summary of Membership Benefactors! j-.idetctter sida: stevare eo wtote oes oh ov av eh a ope avee Ba 2s 6) 0s eT RRS Meee ee ne 6 Founderst ine Rerpetuitys ccs ce-et ttle oieertoti ici eel eee eee 17 ) EVO]bb 410 (2) oc ne ea ite er ae NEE a eee ee ee rae an eats ly aa GG 56 5 SSA 14 Associate (Founders) 5.220000 3 oR es ole ae ee ee eee ee 9 Pa tOms® 5516: spo exe Sue, eyes t.0s lo ete oot ae ese va fo na Too Sees Tepe Ne ROS Oa ee RT IO 31 Life’ Members) seco cciepyd ote die eee oes cases Ao year Oe Eee oe lee reer 319 lite! | 0. ee ei ee aE CEs Are Unmet eae Seni G Saint coe cis Suma a a tales oils 36 Amnual’ seni: one 1,924 NCR O Wise ee ee ne egestas a 36 Honoranya Wembersea5- so erate ff Corresponding Members ............. 8 adies? “Anisclliaty way. neo ree eae 35 Potaligss .er cee core reese 2,406 After deducting the resignations and deaths, the net result of the year is a gain of 120 members over the year 1918. ATTENDANCE. The restoration of normal conditions after the war and the increased population of the city have affected the attendance at the Zoological Park to a surprising degree, but the check on im- migration and the lack of shipping facilities have prevented the Aquarium from entirely regaining its ante-bellum status. The TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Al actual attendance figures for 1919, as compared with those of 1918, are as follows: Zoological Park Aquarium OSS eee cea ei 2,035,859 1,850,575 Sst ee sa eae 110,450 1,450,609 This makes a joint attendance at the two institutions of nearly four millions at a cost to the city of but a trifle over seven cents for each person. COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK. The census of the animals in the Zoological Park, compiled January 1, 1920, compared with the census of January 1, 1919, is as follows: January 1, 1919 January 1, 1920 Species Specimens Species Specimens Mammals ...... 167 567 We; 591 ESTO Si eo ane ak 736 2,406 726 2,339 Reptiles and Amphibians .. 95 AT7 81 501 998 3,450 980 3,431 During the year 1919 some valuable specimens were lost. The most important were as follows: Mammals: The African elephant, Sultana, young pigmy hippopotamus (two days old), blesbok, orang, jaguar, Tasmanian wolf, springbok, black alpaca, sitatunga, Rocky Mountain goat, three sea-lions and three kangaroos. Birds: Harpy eagle, two South African ostriches, whistling swan, North African ostrich, four eagles, three snowy egrets, two European buzzards, white ibis, black ibis and a demoiselle crane. The collections at the Park were increased by the acquisition of the following specimens: Mammals: Jaguar, two polar bear cubs, two yaguarundi eats, woolly monkey, four capybaras, one drill and a golden baboon. Birds: Six ostriches, jabiru, curassow, sandhill crane, three toucans and a pair of spoonbills. 42, NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Because of the threatened danger of infection through im- ported cattle suffering from disease, the Federal Board of Animal Industry has forbidden the entry of hoofed animals from a large portion of the world, and this, together with the disturbed con- dition of the animal trade, very few importations were possible. The Society has acquired and stored in the Zoological Gar- dens, Pretoria, South Africa, a large collection of animals, that is now awaiting transportation. This collection includes, sable antelope, giraffe, gemsbok, eland, lechwe, blue wildebeest, kudu, mountain zebra, blesbok, springbok, duiker, klipspringer and Chacma baboons. At Sydney, Australia, another large collection of Australian mammals, birds and reptiles is awaiting shipment to the Zoologi- eal Park. This shipment will add many new and rare species to the Park exhibits. A portion of this collection must go to other gardens, but some of the most important animals will be on exhibition here during the year 1920. COLLECTIONS AT THE AQUARIUM A census of the exhibits at the Aquarium taken January 1, 1920, shows the following results: January 1, 1919 January 1, 1920 Species Specimens Species Specimens Hisheserc.. so wee 1s 2,628 120 2,704 Reptiles ....0... 15 96 23 13 Amphibians .... 9 105 8 60 Invertebrates .. alfs 1,094 15 Li Mammals: - 22... 2 2 2 5 156 3,925 168 4,055 The difficulties of railroad transportation during the past year have been almost insurmountable, and the Society has been unable to take advantage of the many opportunities to replenish its collections. An expedition, personally conducted by Dr. Townsend for the capture of garfish in Louisiana, encountered upon the return TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 43 a severe blizzard in New York Harbor. Dr. Townsend actually caught and shipped alive to within a few miles of the Aquarium, forty-two live gars; many of them of large size. If they could have been landed on the night of their arrival the entire collection would have been saved. The ship, however, grounded on a mud flat, the temperature dropped below freezing, the steam heat pipes broke and the entire collection was frozen to death before morning. The collection was the gift of Mr. Henry D. Whiton of New York. The attempt to secure another collection of these gars, one of the most interesting fishes in North America, will be renewed during the coming spring, as soon as weather conditions are more favorable. The collecting boat also will be ready for work in the early spring and will be employed to maintain a full supply of exhi- bition fishes, and also to reduce the cost of maintenance by bring- ing in a continuous supply of sea food for feeding purposes. ALTERATIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. The condition of the Aquarium building became absolutely intolerable during the year and it was evident that little or no help could reasonably be expected from the city, so the Society voted $40,000 to move the engines and boilers to a point outside of the present structure and on the edge of the sea wall. This not only will place the engines above the reach of the tidal waters, but will give an adequate bunker space for coal storage. The shortage of space for the storage of coal on several occasions during blizzards has placed the Aquarium dangerously near to disaster, and only the foresight of the Director and the energy of his staff have prevented very severe losses in the collections. With adequate bunkers and with the engines prop- erly housed, the space freed within the Aquarium building can be devoted to new exhibition tanks and thereby greatly add to the attractiveness of the institution. It is hoped that the city in considering the erection of a war memorial in the form of a water-gate can be brought to the realization of the possibilities of an enlarged Aquarium in con- nection with such a memorial sea-gate. 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY MAINTENANCE. Park.—The sum of $190,000 was provided by the Society for the maintenance of the Park during 1918. This represented a reduction of $17,586 over the amount supplied the year before in spite of the great increase in supplies and in labor. The resulting situation was a very serious one, perhaps the worst encountered since the organization of the Society. In order to save the institution, the Managers raised a large fund to make up the deficit in the maintenance of the Park and of the Aquarium. Aquarium.—The case at the Aquarium was similar. The sum of $45,000 was appropriated for maintenance against that of $48,632.50 of the year before. The force was reduced and the work increased. Though great economy was practiced, the Society actually was obliged to contribute during 1919 for the maintenance of these two institutions the sum of $17,572.07, al- though in both cases the contract with the city provided for adequate maintenance. The subscriptions to cover the deficit of the 1919 mainte- nance were as follows: Archer Me Huntineton:s =...) .. $2,000.00 George dR Bakers asi ee 1,000.00 Andrew Carnevie > 4-2 aan. 1,000.00 Hdwardtsslarknessi= ee ee 1,000.00 A Barton, Hepburnt. 2s ons 1,000.00 Mortimerntis-Schitiee 4 00 eo 1,000.00 Perey A; Rockefeller.= 3.25. ...... 1,000.00 BG; (Converse: is aan ee ee 1,000.00 GlevelandsH.Dod@er.t ajc5 eee 1,000.00 Emerson McMillint eee eee 1,000.00 Wim, Pierson: Hamilton. 4225. 4... 1,000.00 George: ) -Gould:jt2e20 0 +o 1,000.00 OgdenBMallsa 4 sese eee oe 1,000.00 Perey: RiGeynes.. Mere eee 1,000.00 Henry Memiltord:) see ea- kek oe 500.00 Dr le REIMOr ris: se eee ee 500.00 Edwin Thorne: >: . keto. ee 500.00 Lispenard Stewart= - ae sank ee oe 500.00 George. C. Clark arcs 250.00 Willian: Woodward=ss..-4.ee one 200.00 $17,450.00 TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 45 The Executive Committee wish to take this opportunity to express their appreciation to those gentlemen for their generous contribution. With these subscriptions the deficit was wiped out with the exception of the sum of $122.07 which was paid from the Income Account. In spite of these donations, the Park and Aquarium could not have been maintained, except through the utmost economy on the part of the Directors and their respective staffs. All of these facts were brought to the attention of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, and for 1920 the Society has been awarded for the Park, the sum of $237,930.97, and for the Aquarium, the sum of $54,891. These are both very substantial increases and in spite of the greatly increased cost of supplies and labor probably would have proved adequate if they had been turned over to the Society in a lump sum as heretofore. This Maintenance Fund has, however, been apportioned in accord- ance with a rigid schedule, which will make it exceedingly diffi- cult to get through the year without a deficit. The Society already has been obliged to vote the sum of $2,500 to make up the salaries of the high officials of the Park, which were reduced for some unaccountable reason at the last moment. In spite of these drawbacks, the Executive Committee do not expect to be obliged to call upon the Board of Managers for help for maintenance for the coming year. CORPORATE STOCK. During the year corporate stock to the amount of $5,000 was supplied by the city for the following purposes: Improvements along Bronx River. FINANCES. Sage Bequest.—Nothing was received in 1919 from the Es- tate of Mrs. Russell Sage, but it is expected that a portion of the bequest will become available during the spring of 1920. 46 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The following were the balances to the credit of the various accounts on January 1, 1920: Income Account: .2..5.5 -2oc tee ee eee on ee $945.89 Endowment Fund (Cash uninvested)............. 26,941.21 Animal Fund: 2. 2:2). - neers nace: rc ee 39,604.39 Special Trust Fund: Cadwalader-Animal Fund:--. 2. $945.53 Stokes: Bird Humes see ae 658.54 1,604.07 Improvement and Repair Mund... 22s... cee 12,880.86 Special Funds: PublcationsMunds =... eee ee $1,707.28 Tropical Research, Mundi... ssc 153:65 Axyt Gallery Munds..c7.645. 2 pee ee 7,221.68 Heads and Horns Building Fund... . APPA 28 Mibrary. Mundi eter coe. toace paso ceo ee 67.41 Wald? hiftetitund so. ee ee oe 981.31 National Collection Heads and Horns 68.89 14,415.45 Wotal 2GAL res etc eee ae $96,391.87 INCOME ACCOUNT. At the close of the year the balance on hand was $945.89. This always has been the most overburdened fund of the Society. Until we have an Endowment Fund of at least two million dollars this account will be insufficient to meet the current expenses. Nearly all other funds are so limited that deficits in them must be charged against this account. Even the Pension Fund has been of little help to the Society so far, since the Society is obliged to supply the sum of $3,665 annually from the Income Account as its contribution toward pensions. ANIMAL FUND. The amount to the credit of the Animal Fund at the end of the year 1919 amounted to $39,604.39. This accumulation is due to the fact that few animals were available during the year. The Society now has on hand a sufficient amount to pay for animals TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 47 now awaiting shipment that are urgently needed to replenish the collections. The Society donated a collection of animals consisting of 151 species and 329 specimens to the Antwerp Zoological Gar- dens. The Zoological Society of Antwerp showed their appre- ciation by presenting the Society, through its President and the Director of the Park, engraved resolutions of thanks and award- ing them “Cross of a Commander of the Order of the Belgian Crown.” The cost of transporting these collections, amounting to $1,829.47, was charged against the Cadwalader Animal Fund. CADWALADER ANIMAL FUND. The balance on hand at the end of the year amounted to $945.53. The only important charge against this account was the cost of the transporting the Society’s gift to the Antwerp Zoological Gardens. STOKES BIRD FUND. The balance at the end of the year amounted to $658.54. This fund was established for the protection of wild life in North America and no expenditures were made from it during the year. ENDOWMENT FUND. During the year, the Endowment Fund slowly increased from $370,701.25 to a total of $398,632.46, inclusive of securities and cash uninvested. After an existence of a quarter of a century and with an attendance larger than that of any scientific society in the world, to have an Endowment Fund of less than $400,000 is discouraging. Your Committee are unable to understand why the Society should be repeatedly omitted in the wills of rich men who ap- parently search far and wide for objects for their benevolence. If the Society had an Endowment Fund in any degree on a parity with similar funds in sister institutions, the educational and scientific work of the Society could be multiplied many times. ‘udoqueg "y UIMIA Aq Ydersojoyd e& wor Yaad Gay NVAdOUN TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 49 Until we have an Endowment Fund of several millions of dollars, we shall be compelled to pass or neglect scientific oppor- tunities that would yield great results. Even with the income when received from the Sage bequest, princely as that gift was, the Society will be little more than able to pay its way on the present basis, without embarking upon any new undertaking. ART GALLERY FUND. The following new picture was purchased during the year: Rocky Mountain Goat, by Carl Rungius. Mr. Rungius is now engaged in the preparation of a picture of the American Wapiti. There is now on hand a balance of $7,221.68 in this fund. TROPICAL RESEARCH FUND. The Tropical Research Station at Georgetown, British Gui- ana, was reopened and a description of the season’s work appears elsewhere in this report. The scientific results for the year were exceptionally bril- liant, and the station will be reopened in the spring of 1920, and Mr. Beebe will sail for British Guiana in April. Subscriptions to the Tropical Research I'und for 1920 are as follows: At nOny Khe KUSer 3.2 6 seceeus's ces $1,000.00 George. J;-Gould.«:.. 2. f6 ce. oe 1,000.00 Mortimer L. Schiff.............. 1,000.00 He Oe CONVerse. c4 fans kes sane ot 1,000.00 Asbarton Hepburn... 2.208.085. 1,000.00 Haward-S: Harkness. ..2.0.2..... 1,000.00 Cleveland H. Dodge. ............ 500.00 @: Wuedvard: Blair. .....-.0 doe< tenes 500.00 Ocal eee ies eo ee wee $7,000.00 Mr. Beebe is now engaged in the final revision of the text of the last three volumes of “A Monograph of the Pheasants.” 50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The sales of the first volume thus far have been 138 copies in America up to January 1, 1920. A list of the American sub- scribers to the “Monograph” is published on page 121 of this Report. It is hoped to publish Vol. II at the end of 1920 and the two remaining volumes will be published during 1921. The delay in the appearance of these volumes has been oc- casioned by the fact that the plates were being manufactured in Austria when the war broke out, and it has only been recently possible to have them shipped in safety to London. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. There have been few acquisitions to the Head and Horns collection, but during the year we have acquired by gift and purchase the following specimens: Gifts William Hoey: Black-tailed Deer; Head. W. Redmond Cross: Rocky Mountain Goat; two Heads. Carl Rungius: Fannin’s Mountain Sheep; Head. Mrs. Casimir deRham: Trophies, late Casimir deRham; Two Antelope heads, two Elk heads, Mountain Sheep head and one Bear head. Townsend Lawrence: European Red Deer; antlers. Purchase By purchase the Society acquired a pair of Philippine Water Buffalo horns, and two heads of Prong-horned Antelope. The head of the Hangul deer, from a specimen that was pre- sented to the Society by the Duke of Bedford and died after living in the Zoological Park, was mounted for exhibition. HEADS AND HORNS MUSEUM. The Executive Committee have determined to commence at once the construction of the Heads and Horns Museum. All subscriptions with one exception have been paid, and the entire amount has been invested in Liberty Bonds. There is also a TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 51 small cash balance on hand. An additional $10,000 have been guaranteed by the individual members of the Executive Com- mittee, making available a total building fund of $104,000. The Committee have requested Mr. Henry D. Whitfield to prepare detailed plans and specifications for the building, with a view of awarding the contract in the spring of 1920. An additional $40,000 will be required and the Committee desire to obtain four subscriptions of $10,000 each to this fund. WILD LIFE PROTECTION. Perhaps the most important matter under this heading dur- ing the year was the fight at Albany to prevent the enactment of the law permitting the killing of female deer. The conservative sportsmen in the Adirondacks and elsewhere were behind this opposition, but in spite of them the so-called buck law was re- pealed. The measure, however, will undoubtedly be again enacted into law during the coming season because up to date eleven men have been killed in the Adirondacks by mistake, while the slaugh- ter of does has been excessive. There has been no demand during the year on the Society’s fund for Wild Life Protection as all work of this nature was financed by the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund. The balance on hand January 1, 1920, was $981.31. PUBLICATION FUND. The balance on hand on January 1, 1920) was $1,707.28. A new catalogue of the Aquarium, which is now in course of preparation should be ready in the immediate future. It virtually is a guide book. The publication has been financed by the Aquarium Fund with the exception of $1,000 advanced by the Society. The price will be forty cents per copy. This catalogue would have been on sale if it had not been delayed by the printer’s strike. ‘usoqueg "y uUIM[A Aq Ydeasojoyd eB wor ‘aBa][0D YQIuUIG JO Japunoy ay} 1eqze YyQIUIg BIYdog peuleU Useq sey [aWeD Bunod ay MUVd HHL NI NYOd TUNVO NVIYLOVE TWEN'TY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT be LIBRARY FUND. The Library Fund is supported by Transfers from the Gen- eral Income Account of the Society. During the year no transfers were made, and the balance of $67.41 on hand January 1, 1920. As has been stated previously by this Committee, it is the intention to have the Zoological Library specialize in works on conservation. Mr. John J. Paul of Watertown, Florida, presented to the Library a valuable collection of scientific works, including Gould’s Monograph of the Hummingbirds of the World in six volumes, and many other volumes relating to early North American zoolo- gy and exploration. IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIRS. Very little work from this fund has been done during the year, except the erection of a permanent cage of hexagonal form back of the Aquatic-Bird House, for red-winged blackbirds. CARNEGIE PENSION FUND. A formal application was made to the Carnegie Foundation for the sum of $150,000 for the Carnegie Pension Fund in order that the Society might be relieved of the present drain upon its resources. The Society is obliged to contribute annually from its General Income Account the sum of $3,665. The Society’s request, however, appears to have received but scant consideration and there is little hope of relief from this quarter. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Research Department under Dr. George S. Huntington has made remarkable scientific use of the rough material turned over from our collection. Many skeletons and skins also have been furnished to the American Museum of Natural History. Some of the most important results obtained from the Prosector’s office are set forth in Dr. Huntington’s report. 54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONSERVATION. The Chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr. Grant, spent the summer on the western coast organizing the “Save the Red- woods League,” which has for. its purpose, the preservation of the giant Redwoods from destruction. This campaign has proved most successful and the details were set forth in the September BULLETIN of the Society. Seven thousand five hundred copies of this BULLETIN were printed for distribution and have been sent to all members of Congress, and the Legislatures of various West Coast states. The BULLETIN has proved of great service in arousing public interest and is to be regarded as the Society’s contribu- tion toward the preservation of our forests. The results ob- tained from the relatively small expenditure involved show what easily could be done elsewhere if the Society were financially strong. The nation-wide character of the Society is becoming recognized and will become more and more conspicuous in the future. As soon as we are in a position to take up scientific work on a large scale the Society will acquire not only national but an international status. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. Great progress was made during the year in this important work, and with the full support and assistance of the city the Commission is prepared to push toward an early completion of the driveway. The river itself is now safe from pollution. RECEPTIONS. Annual Dinner.—The Eleventh Annual Dinner was given through the courtesy of Mr. Watson B. Dickerman at the Metro- politan Club on December 26, 1919. Reception at the Aquarium.—The Annual Reception to the members of the Society was held at the Aquarium on Monday eve- ning, May 12, 1919. About 406 members and their guests at- tended this function, while the members of the Board of Manag- ers and their wives acted as Reception Committee. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 55 At the Zoological Park, Ladies’ and Members’ Day was ob- served on May 22, 1919. It was preceded by the Spring Meeting of the Board at the Administration Building. MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS, 1920. Annual Meetings of the Society: JANUARY 18, 1920, 8:30 P. M. Hotel Waldorf-Astoria. Meetings, Board of Managers January 20, 1920, 3:00 P. M. May 20, 1920, 2:30 P. M. Annual Meeting, Park Meeting, Down Town Association. Preceded by Luncheon at 1:30 P. M. OCTOBER 18, 1920, 4:00 P. M. Aquarium Meeting. Annual Dinner, December 26, 1920. Meetings, Executive Committee: January 8, May 13, February 19, June 10, March 11, October 14, April 8, November 11, December 9. Members’ Reception at Aquarium: May 10, 1920, 8:30 P. M. Members’ Day and Ladies’ Day at the Zoological Park: May 20. 1920, 3:00 P. M. 56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AUDITING. The Auditors of the Society, Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, have audited and found correct the accounts of the Society, including the system of receiving and paying for supplies at the Park and at the Aquarium. The Auditors’ report, as well as that of the Auditing Com- mittee, follows the report of the Treasurer on page 178. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Directors of the Park and Aquarium and their respec- tive staffs have done everything possible to facilitate the work in their respective institutions and to maintain them at a high standard of efficiency, in spite of the discouragements of the year. The Committee desire to acknowledge their zeal and faith- fulness. Respectfully submitted, MADISON GRANT, Chairman, PERCY KR. PYNE; LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY‘ FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. “&xtracts from the Minttes nf the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers nf the New York Zoological Society Mieeting of March 13, 1919 George Crawford Clark resolved, That the Executive Committee desire to make this minute of their deep regret for the loss of their associate, the late George Crawford Clark, on February 24, 1919, and to express their personal sense of bereavement at his death. Further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to Mr. Clark’s family. Frederick Gilbert Bourne Resolved, That the Executive Committee desire to make this minute of their deep regret for the loss of their associate, the late Frederick Gilbert Bourne, on March 9, 1919, and to express their personal sense of bereavement at his death. Further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to Mr. Bourne’s family. éxtrarts from the Minsttes nf the Executive Committers of the Board of Managers nf the New York Zoological Society Merting of October 2, 1914 Andrew Caruegiv Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society desires to express its deep regret for the death on August 11, 1919, of the late Andrew Carnegie, one of the Managers of the Society since its organization, and one of its most munificent benefactors. The Pension System of the New York Zoological Society has been of great assistance to a most worthy and efficient class of men and was founded by the generosity of Mr. Carnegie. The Society has never failed to meet with a prompt and lavish response from Mr. Carnegie in all its efforts to develop the New York Zoological Park and to promote its scientific work. Further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be trans- mitted to the family of the late Andrew Carnegie. Merting of Perember 11, 19149 fienury Morgan Gilford Resolved, That the Executive Committee desire to make this minute of their deep regret for the loss of their associate, the late Henry Morgan Tilford, on December 3, 1919, and to express their personal sense of bereavement. ‘uloqueg aNo ‘UUM Aq Ydeasojoyd ev d YdAvag 4HL tO SNVMS WO AL OIA REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. The year 1919 was marked by great industry in the Ladies’ Auxiliary of the New York Zoological Society. The membership was increased, and much important work was accomplished. The activities of the Auxiliary that were greatly curtailed during the period of the war were resumed, and the unfinished tasks again are being prosecuted with vigor. The winter lecture of 1919 was given by Ensign Donald B. MacMillan on February 17, at the house of Mrs. Vincent Astor, who kindly offered her residence for the purpose. The subject, “Animal Life and the Children of the Arctic,” was a fascinating topic, illustrated by a number of remarkable pictures in color taken by Ensign MacMillan while with the Crocker Land Expe- dition. Mr. Madison Grant, Chairman of the New York Zoologi- cal Society, presided. At the first business meeting of 1919, held on April 25, it was voted that the work of the Endowment Fund be again taken up, in the desire to complete the sum of $5,000, which had been promised by the members of the Ladies’ Auxiliary as their share of the General Endowment Fund for the Society. Of this $5,000, the sum of $2,700 already has been sent to the Treasurer of the Society, Mr. Percy R. Pyne. At this same meeting, the date of the annual Garden Party was set for May 22, and the Garden Party Committee of the previous year was unanimously re-elected. This reception was the most successful and brilliant ever given by the Society. The Park in the fulness of its spring beauty, made a marvelous set- ting. The new Commissioner of Parks, Mr. Gallatin, and other distinguished guests, were present; and for the children there were special performances by the animals. 62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The fine music was also much enjoyed by the numberless guests. As a result of this entertainment, many new and en- thusiastic members were obtained for the Society. At the second business meeting of 1919, held on December 10, Miss Pauline Robinson, Chairman of the Ladies’ Auxiliary Committee for Children’s Excursions to Bronx Park, presented a report of the work for the entertainment of children. Twenty- three groups, comprising a total of 1,198 children, were taken to the Park from the public schools and playgrounds of the City for day’s outings. These groups always went under the guid- ance of a play leader, free transportation and lunches were provided, and the parties were so much enjoyed that the children were constantly clamoring for more excursions. For most of them it was the only outing of the summer, and their only opportunity to enjoy the advantages offered in the way of edu- cation and diversion at the Zoological Park. These parties were made possible through the generous donations of members of the Ladies’ Auxiliary to the Fund of which Miss Robinson is Chairman. The date for the winter lecture of 1920 was fixed for Feb- ruary 5 and was held at the residence of Mrs. Vanderbilt, 1 West 57th Street, where Mr. Beebe lectured on “Jungle Life and Its Opportunity for Scientific Imagination.” Henry Fair- field Osborn, President of the Society, presided. Respectfully submitted, MRS. GEORGE F.. BAKER, JR., Chairman. “AYANABD ut uO REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS OTWITHSTANDING a record breaking attendance of 2,035,859, the Director sincerely hopes that he never will have to pass through another year such as 1919. The grinding poverty of our working people was accentuated by a scale fai lower than the pay given elsewhere in city institutions fo1 similar services. This affected every one on the force, from the lowest to the highest. The losses of valuable long-service men, and the difficulty of securing new ones “just as good” at our starvation rates of pay, precipitated a continuous struggle to keep our force fairly intact, and keep the Park up to the mark. Next came the loss by death of four long-time friends: Mr. Carnegie, Mrs. Sage, Mr. Clark and Mr. Bourne. To those calamities we have to add the loss of some im- portant large hoofed animals, the present impossibility of re- placing any of them, and the total loss of a collection of South American animals of great variety that had been specially gathered for us,—lost because of no shipping facilities from the only port available. Finally, the cut in our appropriation of $32,000 and its baneful results, followed us through the year like a nightmare. The bright spots on the year’s record were the record throngs of appreciative visitors, the return of Major Dr. Blair from overseas, the visits of the King and Queen of Belgium, the giving of a large lot of living specimens to the Zoological Garden most in need of them, and the saving (by Keeper D’Osta) of the big chimpanzee Fanny when she was just the same as dead of pneumonia. 66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ATTENDANCE The attendance of visitors was a source of profound satis- faction. Although we receive far less maintenance money than our rich sister institutions, our attendance balance sheet for the year goes so far beyond theirs that not one of them makes even a good second to the Zoological Park. In popular apprecia- tion we lead all the institutions of Greater New York, except Coney Island in its best seasons. The monthly record for the year is as follows: 1919 1918 JANUATY iva Been ee ae 69,298 38,528 Mebruarys. oso. a eee eee 84,221 56,620 March ?7nt 4.2 3 See ae 118,798 135,482 Aprilos weoiee eee ee 192,839 161,344 Ma Vick ot Sets sonnel reise 255,597 232,337 TUNC ee eee ee eee 297,285 246,307 Jaaly: <2 Ree eae tee 220,004 269,273 August 7.40 Ree eee 263,135 174,949 September =cscas! eo ees 226,015 191,134 October ss25 05s Fes 133,742 108,970 Novembersoree osc eee 131,650 85,099 December. ee oe eee AS 200 70,394 2,035,859 ~=—-1,770,437 MAINTENANCE The year 1919 was a lean year. Our total appropriation of $190,000 represented a cut of $17,000 from the funds of the previous year, and a cut of $32,000 from the budget that we submitted to the Board of Estimate as representing our minimum needs. In asking for $222,000 for 1919 we assumed that inasmuch as the People of New York, private and official, had elected to create the Zoological Park, they meant what they said when they promised in advance to ‘maintain it adequately.” But the open season in the fall of 1918 saw a great slaughter of appropriations. By a curious irony of treatment, we were cut TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 67 down to $150,000 with a resounding crash in salaries of eighteen per cent. loss; and then, in response to a frantic appeal in behalf of our impoverished men, we were given back $15,000, solely for the purpose of increasing the salaries of our force by that amount over and above what those salaries were before they were reduced! It being utterly impossible to carry on during 1919 with only $190,000, the Society addressed itself to the task of making up a shortage $32,000, thus: By passing the hat through the Board of WEAMAGC CES sates dies nab atenrtie a. oO ane eee aad $18,000 By leaving positions vacant, and by dropping every employee who could possibly be ABC Clor. 5s =o Rene 5 aoa. f eyo pene tunhae ae 10,000 By stripping the Animal Fund............... 4,000 Race pia oie es Ges: Sate ee ee $32,000 This unhappy program was carried out. There was nothing else to be done. We kept up to the mark all those portions of the Park that are most in the public eye, and by the rest of it we merely did the best we could. In 1919 the end of the war enabled the city government to adjust institutional finances on a better basis. We asked for $242,000, we received $237,000, and the Society is making up the difference. Our employees whose salaries are under $1,200 per year receive for 1920 the universal horizontal increase of twenty per cent., and those getting from $1,200 to $1,900 receive fifteen per cent. more, and all those (all except the Director) above $1,900 receive ten per cent. more. But even this left our officers and Chief Clerk so poorly paid that from its own funds the So- ciety must provide for an additional ten per cent. increase, to give them two-thirds of the salaries paid to curators in the simi- lar institutions. As usual, the repairs made to the Park buildings, walks and other improvements were paid for wholly out of moneys that be- longed by right to the Animal Fund, and the same course must be pursued in 1920. 68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE GIFT TO BELGIUM In 1916, when the war was pressing upon the Belgian people with the utmost severity, the Zoological Society resolved to send to the Societe Royale de Zoologie of Antwerp, a large gift of mammals, birds and reptiles to assist in the reconstruction of the Antwerp Zoological Gardens. A communication was despatched to the Antwerp Society declaring this intention, and promising that as soon as the enemies of Belgium were out of that country, and the Gardens were ready to receive new collections, the gift would be forwarded. In the summer of 1919 Dr. M. L’Hoest, Director of the Ant- werp Gardens, advised us that the proposed gift might be for- warded forthwith. In furtherance of the plan, the officers of the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp secured from the owners of the Lloyd Royal Belgian Steamship Line the privilege of free transportation for the entire collection, and three keepers to care for them, over and back. On the steamer Hglantier, which left New York on October 2, 1919, went forward the entire collection of 224 birds, 49 rep- tiles and 2 California sea lions which arrived from Santa Barbara in time to go directly on board. With this shipment went Bird Keeper Louis Wahl. The New York agents of the ship, and the ship’s officers, did literally everything in their power to render the enterprise both successful and agreeable; and the same must be said of the officers of the steamer Jndier that carried the mammals, later on. With only three losses among the birds the Indier reached Antwerp on October 19, and the shipment was promptly taken in hand by Dr. L’Hoest and the Antwerp Society. It was arranged in New York that the mammals should go forward on the steamer J/ndier, that was booked to sail on October 3. But the longshoremen’s strike intervened, and for three weeks or more the Jndier lay comfortably at her dock at 41st Street, unable to receive any cargo. This exasperating delay eventually led to an entire change in the plans for the cargo of the ship, and in order to get away it was decided to load with grain, off the Jersey shore at Hobo- ken. With that decision the /ndier quickly left her home berth, and went to Hoboken. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 69 And then began our final act. All the crates for our mammal eift had long been in readiness, and Mr. Ditmars and the keepers had worked out their plans for crating, down to the smallest details. Forthwith the catching and crating began. In making up the list of gifts, the Director kept constantly in mind the necessity to send a zoologically representative col- lection, that would cover the greatest possible number of orders, families and important genera. Of the larger mammals it was deemed best to send single adult male specimens rather than pairs with a view to the possibilities of breeding. This view was, later on, cordially approved by Director L’Hoest. In pursuance of this principle we shipped a fine adult bull American bison, an adult bull elk, and other male hoofed animals of large size. The task of crating was wonderfully successful. It began on October 30, and was finished early in the morning of the 31st, without injury to anything. By noon of the 31st everything was on board our lighter at the foot of 134th Street. Curator Ditmars made moving picture records of the principal events, and at the last annual meeting of our Society they formed a feature of unusual interest. The business of getting ten truck-loads of animals and food on board the ship was a very difficult matter. On the whole, and due to circumstances wholly beyond the control of the ship’s officers and our own men, the task was the most difficult and exhausting of any one undertaking ever carried through by our force. This was due to the rush in loading the ship with grain from half a dozen floating elevators while our own cargo was struggling to get on. Our force of ten men began work at the ship, from our own chartered lighter, at 5 P.M., and by the time it was finished, just before midnight, they were more dead than alive. This work was accomplished by a mixed force of Park laborers under Mr. Merkel and of keepers under Mr. Ditmars. With this shipment went Keepers Walter Thuman and John Reilly, whose services throughout were admirable. The ship lay off Staten Island for nearly a week, and while there the Mon- golian wild horse, which from the first had kicked and fought against confinement in her crate, managed to break her neck. 70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY This was the only serious casualty in the collection. The loss later on of two common red foxes was negligible. This ponderous shipment, of ten truck loads of animals and five loads of food, occupied the forecastle house and a deck house twenty-four by forty feet constructed by contract for the Society at a cost of nearly $500. After a short and very satisfactory voyage, the Indier reached Antwerp on November 23, and our keepers rendered good assistance in disembarking and in getting the animals well settled in their new quarters. Enough food was sent over to give all the animals a good start. In expressing its thanks for and appreciation of the gift, the Societe Royale de Zoologie surpassed all the existing records of such matters of which we know. To the President of the New York Zoological Society, and to the Director of the Park, separately, for their respective parts in the matter, were sent highly artistic and beautifully illumi- nated parchment memorials, printed in type over 350 years old, and signed by each member of the Board of Directors of the Antwerp Society. The medals of honor of the Society were be- stowed upon each of the two officers named above, and both were elected Honorary Members of the Antwerp Society. Altogether, the gift to Antwerp toward the restoration of her beautiful Zoological Garden was carried through with com- plete success and satisfaction. The New York Zoological Society has done more than to offer mere words of sympathy over the devastations of war, and has gone farther than to say in empty words, “Be ye warmed and fed.” It has been worth while for science to show that its sympathy is susceptible of practical demonstration. The food sent with the shipment of mammals was as follows: Sixty-eight bales of clover and timothy hay; 1,000 quarts of crushed oats; 250 loaves of bread; 200 bananas; 75 cabbages; 50 quarts of bran; 1 box of oranges; 1 crate of eggs; sundry bags of carrots, potatoes and beets; 500 pounds of fresh meat and 225 pounds of fresh fish. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT val The Antwerp collection was composed as follows: Species Specimens INE ATAAMIREUISE yd tence pM as 3. Fg 5 2 sch a. 8 ole 33 56 ES ERCRS© sree cea abe tene tats Heres eee ae ee 105 224. Reptiles and Amphibians............. 3 49 GR OU ab Gegs an certs nantes a Seite haces eal 329 The full list of mammals was as follows: 1 Chimpanzee Virginia Opossum 1 Golden Baboon Ring-tailed Wallabys (pair) 2 Rhesus Monkeys Island Kangaroos 2 White-throated Sapajous Woodward Kangaroo 2 Green Monkeys American Bison 2 Hybrid (Russian Brown) Yak Hairy-eared Bears Male Barasingha Deer NRF RrFPHENNFPNNNRKRP HH WDHB 2 Black Bears White-tailed Deer (pair) 2 Gray Wolves (pair) Hog Deer (pair) 2 Coyotes (pair) Axis Deer (pair) 2 Red Foxes Male American Wapiti 2 Raccoons Barbary Wild Sheep (pair) 1 Red Coati Mundi Himalayan Tahr (pair) 1 Jaguar Male Nylghai 2 Beavers Male Grant Zebra 6 Prairie Dogs Male Mongolian Wild Horse 1 Canadian Porcupine Sea Lions Total, 33 species; 56 specimens. DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS W. T. HorRNADAY, Curator; R. L. DitTmMars, Assistant Curator; JOHN ToOoOMEY, Head Keeper. In view of the severe handicaps from which this department has suffered, the majority of the mammal collections have held up remarkably well. In spite of all drawbacks, the collection of apes, baboons and monkeys is up to its highest standard, the bears are as fine and as numerous as ever, the loss of two species in the Zebra House is not very noticeable, and the deer have completely ” ee NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY held their own. The Small Mammal House has suffered severely, the Elephant House has had, during the last four years, three serious losses, and the Antelope House collection has badly fallen off. On the other hand, the Lion House is close up to high-water mark, and the kangaroos and hoofed stock in the Small Deer House seem at their best. It is no exaggeration to say that the animals sent to Belgium are not missed. Some of them were specially purchased for that gift, and others were duplicates that could be spared. Our greatest loss during 1919 was Sultana, the female Afri- can elephant from the Blue Nile. Although originally as large as the male, Kartoum, the rapid growth of her mate soon left her far behind in size. Her troubles began with an awkward and unnecessary fall that she managed to have on the sloping runway leading from her cage to her yard. In that seemingly trifling accident she broke two ribs, and also broke off the external con- dyle of her right femur, a really preposterous accident for an elephant. That break resulted in a long and painful lameness in that hind leg, during which the animal threw so much weight on the left leg that the left foot became inflamed, and suppurated to a very serious extent. Finally, Sultana came down, never to rise again. A great effort was made to raise her and support her, but she was too weak and helpless. Her troubles were ended by a rifle bullet through her brain. Other serious losses by death were Toto, the orang-utan, a sitatunga, a Mongolian horse, a springbuck, two sea lions, and a number of kangaroos and deer of several species. The persistent and quick fatalities among the small mam- mals purchased of dealers were quite exasperating and at times unaccountable. The accessions during the year were few and unimportant. The most noteworthy was the birth of the pygmy hippopotamus. The health of the mammals as a whole throughout the year has been excellent. There were no epidmics, and an almost ir- reducible minimum of tuberculosis. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 713 The Park is waiting with eager interest the arrival next spring of a fine lot of animals that has been assembled and main- tained at Pretoria, in the National Zoological Garden of South Africa, by Mr. A. K. Haagner, the Director. When that collec- tion arrives it will fill several gaps in our Antelope House. Following is a list of the more important gifts received dur- ing 1919: RECEIVED BY GIFT IN 1919 Four Green Monkeys; 1 Moustache Monkey; 2 Spot-Nosed Monkeys; 1 Sooty Mangabey; 1 White-faced Sapajou; 1 Squirrel Monkey; 1 Cotton-headed Marmoset; 1 Crab-eating Raccoon; 2 White-nosed Coati Mundis; 1 Red Coati mundi; 4 Raccoons; 1 Red Fox; 1 Weasel; 1 Anticosta Island Black Bear; 1 Virginia Deer; 1 Muntjac; 2 American Bison; 1 Black Woodchuck; 1 Albino Gray Squirrel; 1 Golden Agouti; 2 Black Ground Squirrels; 1 Mexican Variable Squirrel; 1 Murine Opossum and 6 young; 1 Sea Lion. *Following are the more important purchases during 1919: ANIMALS PURCHASED Three Bonneted Macaques; 1 Javan Macaque; 5 Hussar Monkeys; 4 Green Monkeys; 1 Diana Monkey; 1 Vervet Monkey ; 1 Mona Monkey; 2 Sooty Mangabey; 1 Red-headed Mangabey; 1 Japanese Red-faced Monkey; 4 Rhesus Monkeys; 7 White-faced sapajous; 1 Hooded Sapajou; 6 Black Spider Monkeys; 1 Gef- froy’s Spider Monkev; 1 Owl Monkey; 1 Woolly Monkey; 1 Saki Monkey; 7 Cotton-headed Marmosets; 1 Black Tamarin; 2 Dog- faced Baboons; 1 Golden Baboon and 1 Drill; 2 Red Coatis; 1 White-nosed Coati Mundi; 3 Cacomistles; 1 Grizzly Bear (cub) ; 3 Kinkajous; 2 Ocelots; 1 Jaguar; 2 Yaguarundi Cats; 2 Bad- gers; 1 Indian Mongoose; 1 European Red Fox; 2 American Gray Foxes; 2 Timber Wolves; 2 Rat-tailed Meerkats; 4 Bushy- tailed Meerkats; 3 Sea Lions; 1 Prevost’s Squirrel; 1 Malabar Squirrel; 6 South American Red-bellied Squirrels; 3 Black Squirrels; 3 Fox Squirrels; 4 Capybaras; 5 Golden Agoutis; 1 Olive Agouti; 2 Canadian Poreupines; 2 South American Pre- hensile-tailed Porcupines and 2 South American Armadillos. 74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY IMPORTANT BIRTHS DURING 1919 3 Hybrid Bears 1 Grant Zebra 3 Timber Wolves 1 Horse-tailed Deer 1 Mongoose Lemur 2 Barasingha Deer 3 Canadian Porcupines 2 Sika Deer 3 American Beaver 3 Red Deer 1 Pygmy Hippopotamus 3 Virginia Deer 8 Himalayan Tahr 1 Hog Deer 2 Mouflon 5 Fallow Deer 3 Aoudad 3 American Wapiti 1 Eland 2 Eld’s Deer CENSUS OF MAMMALS DECEMBER 31, 1919. Species Specimens Marsupialia (vier 2° Mec oats ee) 2 urek eal 32 Hidentatarve “ piek: c25 5 Sen ett uae ae i 1 CATNIVOlas. tetera ic ae ee 43 92 Pinni peda ana nck one ete eae es hoe 1 3 Rodentia. Athen es cee noah ee 24 AN Primates atte. Senet dees ae ee 315) 88 Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates).. 46 214 Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates).. 10 17 Proboscideas 5 cee a tree ee or ae 2 3 1S 591 Shipped to: Beleium. trier 33 56 POUR. tease SoS raiaere are ary Ones 206 647 DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS LEE S. CRANDALL, Curator; WILLIAM BEEBE, Honorary Curator; SAMUEL STACEY, Head Keeper. During the period of reconstruction which has followed the close of the war, importations of wild birds and animals have received scant attention. Ocean traffic, swamped with the pent- up business of four years, has left little space for non-essential shipments. That this condition will be remedied during 1920, TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 75 we have every reason to believe. The wild animal clearing sta- tions of the world are well stocked with rarities which await only the opportunity to swell our collections. During the latter part of 1919, a few shipments slipped through. Two of these were from India and brought us the first supply of Asiatic birds we have received since 1914. Included were Indian pittas (Pitta brachyura), blue-cheeked and green barbets (Cyanops asiatica and Thereiceryx zeylanicus), Indian golden orioles (Oriolus kundoo), golden-fronted green bulbuls (Chloropsis aurifrons) and a wonderful albinistic Indian ring- necked parrakeet (Palaeornis torquata), with plumage of pure and dazzling golden yellow. From Para, in November, there came a long-expected ship- ment of Brazilian birds, imported by a local dealer. Among them were toco, Cuvier and sulphur-and-white-breasted toucans (Rhamphastos toco, R. culminatus cuvieri and R. vitellinus), the first arrivals in many years; the rare short-tailed parrots (Gray- dadisculus brachyurus) ; a pair of horned screamers (Palamedea cornuta) ; brilliant scarlet ibises (Guara rubra) and roseate spoonbills (Ajaja ajaia) and Brazilian hawk-headed parrots (Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons). The Tropical Research Station sent us a number of birds, including a white-collared hawk (Leucopternis melanops), a great crested cacique (Ostinops decumanus), two gray-winged trumpeters (Psophia crepitans) and a very fine cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola), the second of the species we have exhibited. Early in January we secured three immature specimens of the South American black-backed goose or comb duck (Sarci- diornis sylvicola). These birds are the first of the species we have had, and coming from Venezuela, establish a new northern limit of distribution. About the first of the year, we received word from the ostrich farm at Bloomsburg, Pa., that it was in difficulties and wished to dispose of its birds at any price. The Curator left for Bloomsburg at once and selected a fine cock South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and five North African hens (S. camelus). All were unusually perfect specimens and were ob- tained at $25 each, a fraction of their market value. Within two days crates were constructed and the birds packed. They reached *uLOqUueSs “YU yo9T[09 Suijso1e}ul ‘spaiq asey} Jo uol AUMIVAV UIGHL UAAO uma Aq ydersojoyd B WoL uv posoyjes sey [[epU LHDITA NI SNODDId emagee 8 Yee > ~ ind 50 > Red 5 ? TY) Aa ea x3 4 =e > » a ee | Bag 10yBInD TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 77 the Park safely and now form an interesting exhibit on Grant Walk. In May, the Pigeon Section of the Signal Corps, U. S. A., deposited in the Park six homing pigeons, all of which had seen service in the trenches of France, one having been wounded in action. These birds attracted much attention on Members’ Day and now are exhibited at the south end of the Pheasant Aviary. One of the most important events of the year was the ship- ment of a collection of 224 birds of 106 species, as part of the Society’s gift to the Zoological Gardens of Antwerp. Packed in more than sixty cases, the birds were placed on the 8.8. Eglantier and left for Antwerp on October 1, in charge of Keeper Louis Wahl. The passage was slow and rough, but Antwerp was reached with very little loss. Keeper Wahl is entitled to great credit for his diligence and care. The American Ornithologists’ Union held its annual meeting at the American Museum of Natural History from November 11 to 13, and visited the Zoological Park on the 14th. The members of the Union were entertained at luncheon in the Administration Building where they received an address of welcome from Di- rector Hcrnaday. After viewing the paintings of big-game ani- mals and the Heads and Horns Collection, the buildings and in- stallations of the Department of Birds proved the center of in- terest and the collections were thoroughly inspected. During the year, the distribution of animals and birds which died in the Park was continued by the Curator. A total of 293 specimens were assigned to the institutions where they were most needed. CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. January 1, 1920. Species Specimens Struthioniformes, Ostriches: = ..2<0.4 vedas 2, 6 Casuariiformes, Cassowaries and Emus.. 2 11 Tinamiformes, SIM OMG ho ln tte os a 4 Galliformes, Quail, Pheasants, etc.... 67 215 Turniciformes, Hemipodes ............ 1 1 Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves..... 58 158 78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ralliformes, Rails and Gallinules..... aa “ide Sphenisciformes, Penguins; vont 2356 ae ib 1 Lariformes, Gullssand=Terns: 2-5: 14 40 Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers 5 9 Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, etc... 12 25 Ardeiformes, Ibises,Storks and Herons 32 73 Palamedeiformes, Screamers’. © o>: 32 Beer 3 4 Phoenicopteriformes, Elaniinvoes o:2 2. 2eee 2 2 Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 58 464 Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans 10 14 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures.... 7 12 Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old World Vultures...... 18 25 Strigiformes, Owdst eee ads oe eee 8 25 Psittaciformes, Parrots and Cockatoos.. 85 1A Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills, CLO ea hee 3 5 Cuculiformes, Cuckoos and Touracos.. 3 5 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans.... 11 15 Piciformes, Woodpeckers” .) fe 42. 2 Ve, 6 Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and other perching birds. .308 1,041 726 2,339 Summary: Orders, 25; Species, 726; Specimens, 2,339. DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES RAYMOND L. DitMarRs, Curator; JOHN TOOMEY, Head Keeper. Notwithstanding the handicaps of war, the collection of rep- tiles brought together during 1919 was the most imposing that ever has been exhibited during the history of the Park. The foundation of this fine exhibition was formed in the spring when the Curator of Reptiles, assisted by Head Keeper Charles E. Snyder, spent several weeks hunting specimens in the cypress swamps and hummocks of Jasper County, South Carolina. This work was made possible through the courtesy and the generous hospitality of the members of the Pineland Club, and most of the collecting was over the extensive and thoroughly wild reserva- TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 79 tion of the Club. The following specimens were captured and shipped to the Park: Seven alligators; 4 gopher tortoises; 10 box tortoises; 39 mud turtles; 5 diamond-back rattlesnakes; 10 water moccasins; 2 copperhead snakes; 1 pine snake; 7 coachwhip snakes; 10 blacksnakes; 3 corn snakes; 11 chicken snakes; 4 ring-necked snakes; 1 scarlet snake; 1 mud snake; 4 sand “adders”; 12 hog- nosed snakes; 8 banded water snakes; 2 pilot water snakes; 1 red-bellied water snake; 1 green garter snake; 1 red garter snake; 11 king snakes; 1 blue-tailed lizard; 1 red-headed lizard; 2 race-runners; 10 fence swifts and 6 chameleons, a total of 175 specimens, representing 30 species. A considerable part of the Curator’s vacation period was spent in visiting mountain ledges in New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts, where “‘dens’’ of rattlesnakes had been located. This hunting resulted in the capture of a fine series of timber rattlers, which filled several cages. Keeper George Palmer returned from a vacation trip in August with over a hundred harmless snakes, of eleven species. These specimens formed a splendid display in the lobby of the Reptile House, where they were provided with descriptive labels to set forth the reptiles of New York State. Through considerable correspondence the Curator of Rep- tiles obtained a very rich series of turtles and tortoises, which formed an attractive display in the numerous yards of the turtle tank. Among the more important gifts received during the year were the following: Six alligators; 1 caiman; 1 matamata; 1 red-footed tortoise ; 2 Muhlenberg’s turtle; 1 Cuban turtle; 1 South American tegu; 1 African chameleon; 1 iguana; 8 Texas horned toads; 32 rattle- snakes; 3 copperhead snakes; 1 water moccasin; 1 red garter snake (exceptional variety) ; 60 Arizona water snakes; 1 gopher snake; 1 bull snake and 1 Boa constrictor. Among the more important purchases during 1919 were the following: Two iguanas; a series of small lizards from Arizona; 4 ana- condas; 7 Boa constrictors; 2 Central American boas; 10 Texas ‘usroquesg “y UuIM|[q Aq Ydeasojoyd B WO *a{RUII[D ANO FO SaI}IOIAQUaDd9 dy} azIdsep ‘yIeq 9Yy} Ul patodsord sey yVYy} Saloads ysBOoDH oye VW Wadd GATIVL-MOVId NVIAWNTOO TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT $1 rattlesnakes; 20 copperhead snakes; 8 gopher snakes; 4 bull snakes; 6 coachwhip snakes; 6 king snakes; also various smaller lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoise from the eastern United States. In British Guiana, at the Tropical Zoological Station, Di- rector Beebe collected a number of interesting reptiles, amphi- bians and fishes in the vicinity of the station. Among these were a very handsome specimen of the ringed tree-boa, a Boa con- strictor, an iguana and an armored cat-fish. No large and costly specimens of the reptile collections were lost during the past year. The following reptiles and amphibians were crated and shipped to Belgium, along with the mammals and birds pre- sented by the Society to the Antwerp Zoological Gardens: One 8&-foot alligator; one 6-foot alligator; six 3-foot alli- gators; 1 Madagascan radiated tortoise; 6 painted turtles; 2 snapping turtles; 4 slider terrapins; 2 South American boas; 2 Texas rattlesnakes ; 2 copperhead snakes; 2 blacksnakes; 6 garter snakes; 4 gopher snakes; 4 bull snakes and 6 bull frogs. SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Jan- uary 1, 1920, is as follows: Speci- Species mens Mammalscab the Bark 52m e2ie ice aie oe? 591) 172 G47 Mammals given to Belgium............... 56\ Dimas al UNG: bat lcneec ae susie see a eos 2,339] : ae Birds piven to. Belgium. .... si«..d.2 2s cess 2245 726 2,568 Reptiles and Amphibians, at the Park... 501) Q] 550 Reptiles and Amphibians given to Belgium 4945 ‘ 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN W. Reid Blair, D.V.S. The health of the collections has been unusually good during the past year, and we have been fortunately free from any ser- ious form of contagious disease. The losses during the year represent, in money and replacement value, the lowest in any single year since 1901. During the coming year, when we may hope to receive a great increase in animals, to replace our losses of the past few years, we may reasonably expect a higher mortality than that of the past year. However, with our present hospital and quarantine facilities we are in much better condition to handle a larger number of new animals than ever before in our history. Our greatest hopes in the control of the health of our col- lections must chiefly rest on our ability to prevent the intro- duction of disease from the outside by the detection of incipient diseases while the animals are still under quarantine control. Rarely has a medical report been submitted in which con- siderable attention has not been devoted to the discussion of the more serious contagious diseases such as tuberculosis, dis- temper, actinomycosis and parasitic broncho-pneumonia. Men- tion is made of these diseases on this occasion in order to record the rarity of their occurrence or total absence from the collec- tions during the past year. Thorough and systematic routine disinfections is an im- portant factor in controlling infectious and contagious diseases, and particularly in reducing the number of cases due to parasitic diseases such as intestinal worms. In dealing with parasites such as certain filaria found in the lungs of elk, deer and buffalo, which require an intermediate host or bearer, it is important to remember that the existence and gravity of a parasitism often depends quite as much on the favorable conditions of the environment as on the presence of the parasite itself. Parasitic diseases must always be reckoned as an important factor in the death rate of all zoological collections. The rea- son for this is perfectly apparent. Under natural conditions, a wild animal roams over considerable surface of ground and the infection it spreads is, therefore, widely scattered. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 83 In a zoological park, this infective material, consisting of eges and embryo of parasitic worms, is necessarily confined to a small or limited area; hence it will be seen that small ranges, corrals, and cages are naturally areas of concentrated infection. Therefore the mortality of wild animals and birds due to para- sitic worms, especially those not requiring an intermediate host, will always be a constant factor in the death-rate of all large collections of wild animals. Preventive medicine, through the systematic treatment of the animals by means of administering vermicides in the food at certain regular intervals, has been of the greatest benefit in keeping the animals comparatively free from those intestinal disorders so frequently produced by intestinal parasites, or by lowering their resistence to such an extent that they are more susceptible to some serious contagious or infectious disease to which they might be exposed. Careful observations were made covering the period of the influenza epidemic during the past winter to lear: if a similar affection could be recognized in any illness which might appear among our animals. If such an affection would occur, it was natural to expect its appearance among the Primates, on account of their closer relationship to the human species. It will be of interest to report in this connection, that the health of this collection has never been so good us during the past winter, and no case of illness has occurred among the primates which simulated in the slightest degree the human affection recognized as influenza. Our chief loss during the year was the female African elephant Sultana, which was destroyed after it was found she was unable to stand as a result of an obscure injury to the left hing leg, and other complications. Early in November Sultana was found one morning to be painfully lame in the left hind leg, and exhibiting an enormous swelling around and below the stifle joint. At the time, a fracture or dislocation of the patella bone was suspected, but owing to the enormous swelling about the joint manipulation of the part was difficult, and we were unable to detect any evidence of crepitation which would indicate fracture. While the swelling increased and involved the entire limb below the stifle joint, the lameness seemed to improve somewhat under the daily treatment of hot and cold water irrigations by means of a hose followed by the 84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY application of stimulating liniments. Beyond the inability to use the leg the elephant gave no evidence of discomfort; the temperature was normal and the appetite unimpaired. Owing to the fact that the elephant could not use the leg she was reluc- tant to attempt to lie down at night, and as a result of the con- stant standing on the other hind leg and trying to save the injured one in moving about the stall, she dragged the well foot and wore away the pad and front nails so much that a form of necrosis developed, which was treated with difficulty. Finally, after several weeks, she did lie down, and after a few days of resting in this position, plans were made for raising and sup- porting her by means of a sling. This was done, but it was evident that she could not stand, and in order to end her suffer- ing further, she was humanely destroyed by Dr. Hornaday with a single bullet. After the leg had been carefully dissected it was found that the injury consisted of a compound fracture of the internal condyle of the femur, with displacement of the condyle. The displacement of the broken bone had prevented any repair of a bony nature taking place, although the attempted repair of the injury in the form of new formed fibrous tissue was enor- mous. For a considerable number of years, owing principally to the high price of beef, we have been feeding about 50 per cent. of horse meat to the larger carnivorous animals such as lions, tigers, leopards and bears. The horses fed to these animals are first carefully examined before killing in order to see that they shall be free from any contagious or infectious disease. The animals are ali slaughtered in the Park abbatoir, specially constructed for this purpose. Owing to the fact that this meat is fed in a raw state, and that carnivora are susceptible to glanders infection, extra care is necessary in examining the carcasses of animals slaughtered. Since other similar institutions are now feeding horse meat or contemplate doing so, judging by the numerous inquiries addressed to us, a word of warning should be given concerning this disease. As a precautionary measure, we condemn all horses offered for food that show any evidences of glanders, either on ante- mortem or postmortem examination. Occasionally an animal TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 85 that has been offered for sale at the Park for feeding purposes has been found affected with glanders, consequently it is impor- tant that all horses to be used for food, and especially when such meat is to be fed uncooked, should be carefully inspected. While the disease is principally confined to the horse, ass and donkey, it is, however, communicable to man and many other animals, except the bovine species, which seem to possess a natural immunity. In addition to the animals mentioned, glan- ders has been found in the camel, lion, tiger, leopard, wolf, bear, doy and guinea pig. The disease in the human assumes a very virulent form, so that great care should be taken by keepers and others, in order to avoid danger from infection, through the innocuation of wounds on their hands and arms, after handling an animal dying from glanders. A few years ago I was consulted by the Dean of the Kansas City Veterinary College in reference to an acute disease affecting some lions belonging to an amusement company, located in Kansas City. As a result of the description of the symptoms of the affected animals, forwarded by the attending veterinarian, I made a tentative diagnosis of glanders, and this diagnosis was later confirmed by the Pathologists of the Bureau of Animal Industry, through the laboratory examinations of the tissues of the lions which had died. This outbreak had the following interesting history :—It appears that sixteen lions had been wintered a short distance from Kansas City, and had been fed exclusively on horse flesh. The horses purchased for the lhons’ food were old, wornout animals, no longer fit for work. Glanders among horses was prevalent in Kansas City during that winter. About the first of April these lions were taken from their winter quarters and shipped to a southern Kansas town and exhibited for a week at a street carnival. On the second day of the carnival, the keeper noticed one of the lions was dull and listless, and on closer inspection some bleeding from the nostrils was observed. The next morning this lion appeared to be much depressed, and a local veterinarian was consulted. On the fifth day the lion died, the autopsy showing necrotic areas in the mucous membranes of the nostrils and some catarrhal centers in the lungs; all other organs were apparently normal. No diagnosis was made. Early in May, Drs. Moore and Kinsley of the Kansas City Veterinary College were consulted, and, on inspecting the lions, found one that had been ailing five days, and had refused food 86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY for two days. The nictitating membrane protruded over the eye, the respiratory movements were very rapid, and accom- panied by frequent bleeding from the nostrils; the discharge being bright red, but not frothy, indicating that the hemorrhages were from the nostrils or upper air passage rather than from the lungs. On the afternoon of the same day, this lion died. On the post-mortem examination, necrotic areas were found in the nasal mucous membranes, catarrhal centers in the right lung, and oedematous infiltration in the mesenteric and bronchial lymph glands. The other organs were normal. On the follow- ing day three other lions that had been in the same cage began to show symptoms, such as refusal of food, hurried respiration, and protruding nictitating membranes. The next day two of the lions bled from the nostrils, and three animals died within a few days, making a total of five deaths. Several years ago I saw a case of glanders in a German sheepdog which had been infected from eating a portion of the diseased lung of a glandered horse. The dog died four days after the first symptoms were noticed. The lymphatic glands of the head and neck were suppurating; and the ulcer- ation of the nasal cartilage was extensive. Other observers have reported tigers, bears and wolves with ulcerous lesions in the nose, and nodules in the lungs, liver, spleen and lymphatic glands, which proved on microscopic examination to be glan- derous. When a positive diagnosis of glanders is made in any ani- mal, destruction should take place at once, and the cntire carcass buried or burned. The live-stock sanitary laws of all civilized countries include glanders among those diseases which must be officially reported, and provide also for regulations requiring the immediate destruc- tion of all diseased, and the quarantine of exposed animals. The cages in which glandered animals have been confined should be thoroughly disinfected; this applies particularly to the sleeping quarters of the animal. Tuberculosis among equines is of such rare occurrence in my experience that a recent case, which has come under my observation in connection with the examination of horses slaugh- tered in our abbatoir, I believe is worthy of mention. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 87 During the winter an aged horse with a large bone spavin was presented to the Park for slaughter, which on account of lameness was useless to the owner. The animal’s temperature was normal, and it was in a fair condition of flesh. When the animal was examined after slaughter the following conditions were noted: The peritoneum and especially the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm was studded with tubercles of the size cf peas. The spleen showed numerous lesions of tuberculosis, resembling the typical miliary tubercles found in bovines. Most of them show- ing considerable fibrous tissue incapsulation, but occasionally some slight caseation in the centers, none, however, showed any calcification. Few of the thoracic lymphatic nodes showed any caseation, although many of them were much enlarged. The liver showed a great many miliary tubercles on the surface of the capsule. The lungs were studded with miliary tubercles on the surface as well as throughout its structure. The posterior border of the left lung for a distance of ten inches was incased in a fibrous capsule, half an inch thick, while the lung tissue in this area was nearly entirely replaced by a cream colored material of gelatinous consistency, with numerous small necrotic areas throughout. The pleura presented the same appearance as the peritoneum, that is covered with miliary tubercles with a great deal of fibrous tissue, while other lesions showed caseous centers. While a number of investigators have recorded tuberculosis in the horse prior to 1882, when Koch discovered the specific bacillus of the disease (Bacillus tuberculosis), still it must be noted that these reports of the clinical and pathological lesions read more like glanders than tuberculosis. Although equine tuberculosis cannot be described as a com- mon disease, it is probable that a number of cases have been overlooked in the past, or ascribed to other affections, as the symptoms of the malady are often very obscure. It will be of interest to learn that of the one thousand horses killed in our abbatoir, the present case of tuberculosis is the second that has come under my observation. 88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION H. R. MircHELL, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. The special and most important task of this department during the last five years has been the reduction of expenses by economies in all directions, and at a rate that would as nearly as possible offset the rising prices for all supplies and materials. In the feeding, care and exhibition of a living collection, such as is here maintained, there is a certain standard in food, heat and care that must be kept up, no matter how urgent the necessity for economy. While there has been some reduction in the number of specimens in our collection, the losses have been almost entirely in small specimens such as small animals, small birds and reptiles, which only slightly affect the cost of feeding and care. The following is a list of the sums expended annually for food, supplies, and expenses other than salaries and wages for the years 1914 to 1919, inclusive, from which it will be noted that the increasing cost of supplies has been more than over- come: , POWAR A ess ea one $74,373.44 OLS aria mcversers ie 69,748.72 LONG Seren epee rans oe 68,876.84 LOU ees cress, meyer tee oe 72,247.63 | Increased by heavy coal require- [9 bee Nae epee (APT 13 (oc eiiss 1Q1O MR ierensc cae 68,807.38 Taking an eight-year period, our fuel bill was above the average by $897.95 in 1917 and by $2,777.68 in 1918. The great reduction made by the Board of Estimate in our allowance for the maintenance of the Park in 1919 necessitated a careful restudy of our budget estimates for that year. A cut of $34,219.33 was made in our budget of the amount allowed us by the City being only $190,000. To curtail our working force to the extent of the entire cut was out of the question, but reductions amounting to $15,162 were made, and the Executive Committee approved a budget requiring a contribution of $19,- 057.33 by the Zoological Society in order to maintain the Park on a satisfactory basis during the year. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 89 Fortunately, we were able to make some unexpected sav- ings so that the sum to be contributed by the Zoological Society at the close of the year was reduced to $17,572.07; which amount was raised by a special subscription. Funds and Accounts——There were no very important changes in Funds and Accounts. Late in the year 1918 a new fund was opened, known as Special Maintenance Fund, the receipts of which were for the purpose of covering the mainte- nance shortage in 1919. Subscriptions amounting to a total of $5,700 were received before the first of the year, as detailed in the Treasurer’s Report for 1918. Subscriptions to this fund in 1919, as detailed in the Treasurer’s Report published else- where in this volume, brought the total to $16,450, which amount was transferred to the City Fund on December 31, to be applied to the purposes for which it was contributed, thus closing the Fund with the year. The Pheasant Aviary Fund, opened in 1917 for the erec- tion of an outdoor cage for pheasants which had been donated by Colonel Kuser, was closed by the transfer of the unex- pended balance to the Income Account, the work having been completed. The usual audit of our accounts has been completed and the certificate of the auditors appears following the Treasurer’s Statements. Privileges.—Notwithstanding the fact that prices of all commodities entering into the operation of all branches of the Privileges reached levels even higher than were attained before the close of the war, the net results in profits in 1919 were above those of any previous year. Our attendance rose to, and finally passed, our best pre-war figures. The unusual number of out- of-town visitors in New York, due to demobilization, undoubt- edly added materially to our attendance figures, and caused an added demand for guide books, post cards and all our publi- cations in the nature of souvenirs, and at the same time they increased the receipts proportionately in all branches of the refreshment service. Rocking Stone Restaurant.—The total receipts at the restau- rant were very considerably increased over last year. In fact, they were greater than in any year of its operation. However, “usoques “y UIM[W Aq Ydeisojyoyd vB WOT “QYUSI BLOF 19VVM OY} WOT BUISIASYONP PIL GNOd IMOA-GTIM GHL NO TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT oF all restaurant business of this class was so extremely difficult and unprofitable that the net result for the year showed a loss that had to be absorbed by other more profitable divisions of the Privileges. An earnest effort was made to maintain the stand- ard of service without the proportional increase in prices that have been made in downtown restaurants. Another season our prices will have to be advanced considerably if the present con- ditions continue, or we must be prepared to assume a further loss. Boating.—The boating receipts for the season made a very satisfactory gain over last year, particularly the receipts for the rental of row boats. A considerable sum had to be expended in the repair of boats, which was continued through the winter by some of our regular force. In addition to this, it was found necessary to replace some of our oldest equipment by the pur- chase of a carload of standard steel boats. These were delivered early in the season. Our electric launches were given a much-needed overhaul- ing by a carpenter and now are in very good condition. They gave good service throughout the season. The two small cashier and refreshment booths on the dock are inadequate for the increased requirements, and another larger booth is being constructed to be ready for use at the be- ginning of next season. Boat House Restaurant.—The results in the operation of the Boat-House Restaurant during 1919 were disappointing. The kitchen was again closed during the winter and service restricted to the lunch room; and every possible effort made to reduce the operating expenses. In spite of all our efforts, however, a considerable loss in this branch had to be assumed by the boat- ing business. Soda Water.—There was a continuation of difficulties at- tendant upon this branch of the Privileges for the past several years. While most of the restrictions in force during the war were removed, prices of all commodities entering into the busi- ness were continually increased. Deliveries were difficult, and good help was almost impossible to obtain for the short season of employment that we can offer. Our policy of pushing the plain drinks and simplifying the service made necessary for 92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY several seasons was continued, and while we were not thor- oughly satisfied with the service given, the net results showed a considerable gain over last year. Guide Book.—The advance in the price of the Guide Book made late last year did not restrict its sale in the least. A great effort was made at that time to hold the price as low as thirty cents, but by the middle of the year it was apparent that a new issue would be needed by September, and prices for a new edi- tion were secured. It was found to be impossible to repro- duce the book to sell at thirty cents without a great sacrifice in paper and binding. We were unwilling to sacrifice the quality, so we were obliged to make the price on the new edition forty cents. The printers’ strike came on while the edition was on the press, delaying it greatly. As a result we were without guides for about two months. Souvenir Books, Postals and Miscellaneous Publications.— The sale of souvenir books was very much heavier than in any previous year. There was a very large stock of the last edition of this publication on hand at the beginning of the year, as it had been a slow seller for several seasons. A special effort was made to reduce the stock, and with excellent results, particu- larly toward the last of the year, when the supply of Guide Books was getting low and they had to be held back in the hope that it would be possible to make them last until the new edition was ready. The souvenir post cards sold unusually well throughout the season. By the close of the year the supply was very low, and the matter of a new issue was taken up. The only way to avoid advancing the price per set was by reducing the num- ber of cards and increasing the edition. It was decided to cut out some of the less attractive subjects, reducing the sets to twenty-one cards each and order a thirty-thousand issue, mak- ing nearly two million cards. An order was placed accordingly, for delivery early in 1920. Very satisfactory increases were shown in the sales of our other miscellaneous publications. “Animals in Art Stamps” and “Wild Animal Stamp Primer,” both of which are particu- larly popular with children. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 93 Gate Receipts.—The receipts for admission at the entrances made a very substantial gain over the previous year, amount- ing to $11,577.20 as against $8,864.20 in 1918. The entire sum was placed to the credit of the Improvement and Repair Ac- count. On account of labor difficulties the work carried on from the funds in this account during 1919 was less extensive than in some previous years, with the result that the year closed with a balance of $12,880.86, a sum sufficient to carry on the work for a year. I suggest, therefore, that Gate Receipts for 1920 be credited to the Animal Fund, as the demands on that fund are likely to be very heavy in the near future. Riding Animals.—This division of the Privileges had an exceptionally good year. The riding elephant was out early in the season and worked later than usual, adding quite materially to the total result. While it was extremely difficult to get boys as extra help on Sundays who would take proper interest and care in the handling of children, we went through the season without an accident of any serious nature. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION FOR THE YEAR 1919. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. COSTAIN, Assistant Forester. From the point of view of Park maintenance, the past year has been the most unsatisfactory of all of the twenty years that have gone before. Owing to the reduction of the appro- priation from the city, many economies were necessary in all the departments, but the Department of Maintenance and Con- struction suffered the most of all. The force, which had been placed on the lowest possible effective basis during the previous year, owing to war condi- tions, was further reduced to a large extent, and the leaving of a number of the older and more skilfull employees to obtain better pay elsewhere, made it impossible for the remaining staff to live up to any program, no matter how carefully prearranged; more urgent work, that had to be taken care of immediately, always upsetting the program. r 94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Many matters of routine, such as removal of ashes, clean- ing of sewers and manholes, catch basins, inspection and prompt repair of the drainage system, water supply, roofs, gutters, fence and cage work, had to be put off until they in their turn became imperative. The force was so small that even the arrival of a carload of hay, or the arrival or departure of animals, or the demand for substitutes by the Bird Department interfered with the proper performance of the routine work. And this condition, which prevailed throughout the year, was in no way the fault of the component parts of the labor organization. It was due only to the many economies resulting from the demands of the situation, and the conscientious hard work of the reduced force, that enabled us to keep up appearances in the Park and perform to the best of our ability the routine work of repair and gen- eral maintenance. CARE OF BUILDINGS Maintenance Fund Repairs, 1919. Large Bird House.—Sixty-four drinking basins in this puilding were taken out and reset, and many renewals and repairs to the water supply system, which had become so cor- roded that it became useless, were made. In many cases 114” pipe would show a water opening of 1”, which caused many leaks. A great deal of the glass was reset, and ieaks were mended wherever possible. Practically the entire cage work and inter- iors of the two main buildings were repainted. Lion House.—In this building some urgent boiler-repairs were made. A new hot water supply tank was installed, and a great part of the supply pipes was renewed. A new boiler section was installed in the heating system. Many of the sky- lights were thoroughly overhauled and made tight. It affords much satisfaction to be able to report that the roof over the cage-deck is now entirely tight for the first time since this building was erected. All the outside cages were painted. Monkey House.—Only minor repairs to the cage work of this building were made. The plaster of the ceiling of the main TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 95 hall received some repairs, and the roofs and gutters were made tight. All of the outside cages were painted. Rocking Stone Restaurant.—Parts of the shingle roof of this building were renewed, and a portion of the dining room that had been affected by the leaking roof, was replastered. The entire dining room was repainted, and the plumbing and heating systems also were repaired. Antelope House.—Very necessary roof-repairs were made on this building, some new water and drainage pipes were in- stalled and all of the corral fences were painted. Zebra House.—At the Zebra House some roof-repairs were made and the door-closing apparatus was overhauled. All of the corral! fences and inside cages were painted. Reptile House-—A number of cages were painted, repairs were made on the various ceilings in the cages and in the lobby, and a great deal of painting was done. Administration Building—The Administration Building window frames and sash, and the outside fence were painted, and some repairs were made to the roof-gutters. Elephant House.—Practically the entire interior cage-walls and ironwork were repainted. Nursery.—At the nursery, one of the heating boilers was taken down and repaired by electric welding, as it was impos- sible to obtain any parts for this boiler. The large greenhouse was reglazed and entirely repainted. NURSERY. Food Supplies.—Food supplies were raised as heretofore, and a successful effort was made to save the cost of expensive hay by the production of fodder corn and other green foods. SEWERS Sewer System.—The sewer demanded a great deal of labor because of three serious stoppages, which flooded cellars and prevented proper sanitation. Luckily, only one of these stop- 96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY pages occurred during cold weather, but the last one, occurring on December 25, with the temperature at 14 degrees above zero, threatened serious results, when the water in the boiler-pit in the Elephant House rose above the grates of the boilers and extinguished the fires. It was only through the help of the Fire Department and unceasing work of the Park force for days and nights that the situation was saved from being calamitous. EAST SIDE. East Side.—The sections east of the Bronx River and be- tween the Boston Road and the river were kept policed and as clean as was possible with the reduced force at our disposal. The demand for picnic spaces was unusually large, and 143 picnic permits embracing 18,933 persons were issued. With the help of the Police Department, order was maintained, in spite of the fact that now and then a magistrate would not take seriously such violations of the Park ordinances as the building of fires, breaking of branches and leaving of rubbish. In the conduct of visitors there was a noticeable improvement upon the records of the previous year. The number of arrests made and summonses served were 167, convictions were 162, and the resulting fines amounted to $310. Skating.—The open winter season of 1918-19 prevented skating on the Bronx Lake, with the exception of two days. Unfortunately, the weak ice resulted in the death by drowning of three persons, two boys and one man, who persisted in going upon the ice when it was not open to skating, and in spite of dozens of warning signs placed there for their protection. Four other boys were rescued from drowning by the courageous efforts of a U. S. sailor, Bertram E. Reed, at the risk of his own life. By the Director of the Park, Reed was strongly recommended to the Carnegie Hero Fund as a candidate for a hero medal, but for some reason unknown, a medal was not awarded. THE IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIR FUND. Walk Repairs.—Only the most necessary items of walk re- pairs were finished, amounting to 77,765 square feet, at a cost of $997.54, not including the cost of Tarvia and some traprock which were on hand. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 97 Elephant Fence.—The partition fence in the elephant cor- ral, which had been attacked by the male African elephant, was strengthened with heavy steel rails at a cost of $257, and addi- tional steel plates were fastened against the partition walls of the indoor cages used by this large and powerful animal. Lion House Ceiling.—Eleven of the cage ceilings of the Lion House were re-lathed, plastered and painted where necessary, at a cost of $150.18. Blackbird Cage.—The sum of $1,000 was appropriated for the construction of a new cage for blackbirds, to replace the old cage that had become unsightly and useless. Plans for this improvement were made by this department, and about 80% of the work is now completed. Children’s Playground.—This installation was considered necessary on account of the many inquiries for a place where small children sent to the park from schools and institutions might rest, play and eat their lunches. It is located conveniently near the large shelter pavilion, opposite the Fox Dens, and will be supplied with seats and a drinking fountain. About 70% of the work is finished. For this improvement, $465 were appro- priated from the Improvement and Repair Fund. Cranes’ Paddock Fence.—The Cranes’ Paddock fence, which had become very much dilapidated, was rebuilt entirely at a cost of $422.96. Boiler Repairs.—Boiler repairs to a total cost of $174.28, an item that could not be assumed by Maintenance, were made by the Improvement and Repair Fund. Bronadale Watergate-—A new watergate, to confine the water fowl on Lake Agassiz, was installed under the Boston Road bridge. This gate has a span of about thirty-six feet, and was so designed that the lower portion of it easily may be raised to allow the accumulation of floating rubbish which comes down the river with every flood, to pass. This gate was built at a cost of $330.41. Sewer Manholes. — Two new sewer manholes that were needed badly to facilitate cleaning of the main sewer system, were built at a cost to this fund of $47.25; nearly all of the labor being performed by maintenance men. 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Guard Wires.—Wire guards were replaced, calling for the setting of 212 new steel posts, the making and setting of 1936 concrete protecting bases, as well as the stringing of 60,000 feet of new wire. This work could not be completed because of the difficulty of obtaining labor. There was expended for this purpose the sum of $828.80. Belgian Animal Shipment.—For the shipment of animals to the Zoological Garden at Antwerp, 110 cages were built; most of them entirely new, though wherever possible, cages on hand were rebuilt to suit the purpose. The cost of all this item was $604.50; and it was paid by the New York Zoological Society. The handling of this shipment, such as crating and loading on the steamer, was assumed by this Department, with the help of several animal men. SUMMARY. Repairs Urgently Needed. With the return of peace and more settled conditions, the Zoological Park must take in hand more seriously than ever before, the problem of restoring the buildings and other instal- lations as also our grounds, to their former state of excellence. For over three years only the most urgent repairs have been done, and the organization for doing a large share of this work, which formerly existed in good condition, has now disappeared, and must be restored on a permanent basis. Items of repair or restoration have been put off from year to year, and are now threatening the utility and appearance of the Park in every direction and location. The Maintenance Force, which during the year was reduced to an absolute minimum, again, has not been increased to that of even 1918, nor can this be helped out by the temporary em- ployment of a few additional men out of the Improvement and Repair Fund. This is because all such men are new, and most of them are unskilled in the many phases of the work required of them. Some of the items that are of urgent importance and must be taken care of in 1920, are as follows: Walk Repairs.—A close survey discloses the fact that at least 400,000 square feet of walks and roads, some of which TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 99 have had no attention for ten years or even more, should be resurfaced. This includes the entire Concourse, nearly the entire Service Road, Grant Walk, Osborn Walk, Buffalo Walk, Beaver Valley Walk, Bird Valley Walk, East Riverside Walk and many others. The sidewalk at the Concourse is now in so dilapidated a condition that it should be entirely relaid on a concrete foun- dation. The wooden Jungle Walk is entirely decayed and dan- gerous. A tar macadam walk should be substituted. REPAIRS TO BUILDINGS. Entrance Buildings—Of the older entrance buildings, an entire new roof is needed on the Bronxdale Entrance, and a large portion of the Crotona and Fordham must be renewed. All of these buildings should be supplied with new leaders and gutters in part. New flooring is needed in several of them. Primate House.—The outside cages, with the exception of the northern cages, are badly in need of overhauling. New water supply pipes must be put in this building. Gutters and leaders, especially cage gutters, need a great deal of attention. The small conservatory never was satisfactory and might well be abandoned. Lion House.—The roof gutters are in bad condition and require repairs, and the outside cage gutters must be renewed. The iron roof and floor girders must be scraped and painted. Large Bird House.—The replacing of a large part of the water supply system is necessary, and many of the heating pipes should be renewed. Aquatic Bird House.-—The water supply system must be replaced, and the outside cage-work overhauled. Eagle and Vulture Aviary.—The boiler in the winter house of the Eagles and Vultures is unsatisfactory and expensive to maintain. A new boiler should be installed. The large Eagle and Vulture cages must be overhauled and repainted next sum- mer, and some changes made in the water supply system. Cop- per roofs must be placed on two or three of the large cages, for better shelter in winter. 100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Elephant House.—The smoke stack of the heating system must be overhauled, and new coils are needed in the bathing tanks. A drainage pump should be installed in the cellar. Reptile House.—The water supply system, both hot and cold, is now in a very bad condition. Breakdowns have occurred repeatedly, and new piping, a new tank and a new boiler-base must be installed during the year 1920. The hanging ceiling in the lobby cuts off a great deal of light. This ceiling should be removed, and the roof above it should be ceiled to present an appearance similar to that of the main hall of the building. The entire interior of the building, including the roof girders, must be painted and varnished. The front doors now are badly worn from exacting usages and new ones should be installed. Shelter Pavilion No. 1.—A large portion of the roof must be replaced, and an entire new installation of gutters and leaders is necessary. Soda Pavilion No. 2.—This entire pavilion is in bad con- dition and should be rebuilt of permanent materials. Rocking Stone Restaurant.—A new root must be placed over the passage leading from the kitchen to the dining room. The roofs of both the north and south pavilions must be thor- oughly repaired. Boston Road Comfort Station—This building must have its entire water supply improved. Under the present conditions, this building becomes unsanitary on every crowded day. The water supply pipes of the various fixtures were too small in the first place, and are now so corroded on the inside that their efficiency has been reduced to 1/10 of their original capacity. A new main from the street, and a new connection with the main on the street also will be necessary before this station will again be in satisfactory condition. Outdoor Installations—Of the outdoor installations, the small polar bear den, the upper bear dens, the mountain sheep hill, the lower buffalo fence and a number of smaller items need repairs, and in some cases, new fences. Bay-Tree House.—The bay-tree storage-house at the Nur- sery has become inadequate for the proper care of these trees in the winter. The natural growth of these trees for the last fourteen years, and the acquisition of some additional trees by TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 101 gift from time to time, have made enlargement of the storage- house imperative. In view of the fact that our bay-trees are as fine as any in the country, and that bay-trees may no longer be imported, and that none are being raised in the United States, those that we have should be preserved most carefully. Nursery Green-house.—The old boiler at the large green- house which was formerly used in the Park as a Mammal House, has suffered a number of breakdowns, and since repairs to this boiler no longer are possible, a new one should be installed. WATER SYSTEM. Water Supply System.—Of the hydrants, troughs, drinking fountains, ete., many of the wrought-iron pipes that were in- stalled during the first five years of the existence of the Park, are badly corroded, and now are comparatively useless, as the pressure has been too greatly reduced. I strongly recommend that all replacements of these pipes be made of the best gal- vanized wrought-iron pipe, instead of steel pipe, which rusts so quickly. FORESTRY AND PLANTING. Forest and Shade-trees.—Our small force of tree pruners has not been able to keep up with the work demanded, and con- ditions in the forest, especially on the east side of the Bronx River, are getting worse all the time. About all the work that we have been able to do has been to prevent dangerous conditions adjacent to walks, buildings and fences. Now, however, many dead limbs and limb-stubs, as well as some dead trees are pres- ent, and a force of at least five men should be kept at work dur- ing the next few years to remove these conditions. Most of the pruning, especially that on the very tall old forest trees, only can be done by able bodied men, experienced in this line of work. Planting.—At the present time, most of our plantings are in satisfactory condition, but the evergreen beds in the Italian Garden which have been deteriorating for some years, should be replanted entirely, as this most prominent feature of Baird Court has become very shabby. OAK AN THE TRUNK OF TREE TOAD ON An excellent example of color protection as demonstrated by the camera. From a photograph by Elwin R. Sanborn. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 103 DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATION ELWIN R. SANBORN, Editor and Photographer; ANNA NEWMAN, Assistant. Photography.—In 1919, the photographic work comprised various construction subjects and other details about the Park, copies of drawings, printed matter and antlers. The series of birds and reptiles included the Magellan upland geese and young, homing pigeons, emus and young, mute swans and cygnets and Chilian sea eagles. Among the mammals photographed were polar bear cubs, Kobuk River bear, Kodiak bear, Alaskan brown bear, Russian bear and cubs, Bactrian camels, kangaroos, a series of pictures of the young Grant zebra, lynx, and eland and young. Several views of the tank systems at the Aquarium, of beaver works at the Beaver Pond, and of the Pheasant Aviary were taken. Exhibitions.—An exhibit of the principal buildings, animal enclosures, publications and many animals and birds of the Park in the form of enlargements was prepared and loaned to the St. Louis Public Library. The pictures were all matted and labeled, the animal subjects were colored, and the covers of all the publications were mounted, matted and titled. The col- lection, which included a large colored map of the Park and gave a most comprehensive idea of the scope of the Society’s work, was most warmly commended by the Custodian of the St. Louis Library. Bulletin.—Six numbers of the Bulletin were issued, but not without great difficulty, and some tribulation. Added to the lack of new arrivals among the animal collections which fur- nishes a needed source of material, was a strike among the printers. So effectual was the latter that for several months little or no work was done in any printing shop in New York City. And even after the men consented to work, there was a deplorable want of professional pride and a consequent appal- ling mass of mistakes, heartbreaking delays and mediocre results in the completed job. Nothing was certain, and the task of following the erratic movements and efforts of the printers was the most severe by far that this department ever experi- enced. It is hardly necessary to speak of the mounting costs of printing, except to say that if they had decreased as much as they have advanced, we now would be paying practically noth- ing for our work. 104 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Four numbers of the Bulletin covered the usual contribu- tion of the Park. The most noteworthy of these Bulletins was that prepared by Mr. Grant in the interest of the movement to save the forests of Redwoods along the coasts of California and Oregon. Copies of the Redwoods Bulletin were sent to all United States Senators and Representatives at Washington, and to the Governors and state legislatures of Oregon, Washington and California. Dr. Townsend and his staff have furnished two numbers of the Bulletin of the usual variety and interest. Annual Report.—The Annual Report was issued as hereto- fore, quite up to the standard of former years. Zoopathologica.—A voluminous paper by Dr. George A. MacCallum, with eighty-four plates, describing eighty-four para- sitic forms, was started and much work expended upon it prep- aratory to sending it to press, but lack of funds caused a tem- porary abandonment of the task. This paper will be issued in 1920, and now is being revised by the Editor for that purpose. Zoologica.—Work upon two numbers by W. H. D. Le Souef and Mr. William Beebe was started in 1918 and completed in Si: Following is a statement of the photographic work in 1919: Prints for -Album: CAquariiim)), 2c. .o04 oe 33 Prints =tor Album = (Park) was ee eee ee 122 Prints! for Publicationet-= 2. eee ae 343 Prints for Miscellaneous Purposes........... 594 Lantern cSlidessto 6 esta. dieses 16 Hnlargements:= 223 saree eat a eee 20 1,128 THE POLICE OUTLOOK. The increase of vandalism throughout all the parks of New York has aroused the Board of Park Commissioners to take up the task of providing a far-reaching and permanent remedy. It has been conceded that the rotation in park duty of ordinary TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 105 police officers, which is unavoidable under any police system like the present, is a great handicap on the protection of parks. The lack of fixed individual responsibility seems to constitute a great loss of power and efficiency. After long and careful deliberation, led by the initiative of Mr. Joseph P. Hennessy, Park Commissioner of Bronx Bor- ough, the members of the Park Board unanimously reached the conclusion that the situation now demands a force of special park policemen, chosen with special reference to their effective- ness in park protection, and maintained under the direction of the Board of Parks. The present force of policemen being already too small for the needs of greater New York, the special park force is proposed as an increase, and not as a subtraction from the regular force. This plan has the hearty approval and support of the Zoolog- ical Society. It is, in effect, the principle for which we long have striven, and once enjoyed for six years, in the form of special permanent details of policemen to daily duty in our Park. Hav- ing seen the great benefits and economies of this plan, the Society’s support of it is based on experience, not theory. The tendency toward vandalism in public parks is too well known to require description here and it is morally wrong to permit the children of New York to think that in a public park any hoodlum can commit rubbish nuisances and go unpunished. Of all places in America, the grip of the Law needs to be the firm- est in New York City. Most sincerely do we hope that for the good of this great city the Board of Park Commissioners will persevere in their campaign for a force of special park policemen, and that every good citizen of New York will do everything possible to aid that movement. CONCLUSION. Like many other institutions and industries, the mainte- nance of the Zoological Park is hampered by the universal short- age of skilled labor. We now are facing a program of repair work that is scarcely less than appaling. Mr. Merkel’s long list of tasks is not exaggerated for the sake of dramatic effect. 106 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Valuable buildings, aviaries, dens, cages and fences, and miles of small water pipes that are becoming damaged by deteriora- tion, cannot wait. All serious deterioration must be stopped, promptly. The small water-pipes of the Park are of galvanized wrought iron, the life of which is only from 12 to 20 years, and miles of such pipes now are ready to go out of commission through internal corrosion and stoppage with rust. The prospects of digging up and relaying this great outfit is not pleasing to con- template. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director. Che Thanks of the Antwerp Zoological Society UR Society’sgift of animals to the Antwerp Zoological Society brought forth a re- markably beautiful and original acknowledg- ment, addressed to Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, President. The Royal Zoological So- ciety of Antwerp caused to be executed an illuminated memorial of thanks and apprecia- tion, printed with antique type dating back 350 years, and illustrated with groups of animal pictures, in colors, printed from wood cuts that were made almost at the beginning of modern zoological literature. It is to be regretted that it is a practical impossibility to reproduce in this volume satis- factory facsimiles of this unique document, but its text is reprinted on the following pages, followed by the reply of Professor Osborn, A similar acknowledgment was executed and forwarded to the Director of the Zoological Park. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Esq., President of the New York Zoological Society, Dear Sir: N the full assembly of the Board of Directors of the Societe Royale de Zoologie d’Anvers held on November seventh 1919, you were elected an Honorary Member of the Society, and it was further decided by the Board to confer upon you the Society's diploma and medals. We earnestly trust you will accept this honorary member- ship, which has been conferred upon you as a small testimony of the deep gratitude that the Societe Royale de Zoologie d’Anvers owes you for the generous and efficient aid that, prompted by you, the New York Zoological Society gave towards the recon- struction of the collections of the Zoological Gardens of Antwerp. If we are succeeding in raising our Zoological Gardens out of the difficult conditions in which they found themselves after the war, if we are succeeding in reconstructing those collections of animals that were once so complete, it is due in great part not only to your generous support in making us the free offering of such a splendid variety of birds and animals, but also to the strong moral support we have found in the benevolent and op- portune intervention of the New York Zoological Society. Be assured, dear Sir, that we shall never forget this friendly assistance, and that our Society will inscribe your name upon the list of its great benefactors. With the expression of our highest consideration, We remain, dear Sir, Sincerely yours, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMTE VAN DE WERVE DE VORSSELAER Administrateur President M. GEVERS Vice-President E. VANDENHIND Administrateur Secretaire CH. SCHEIDT G. pE COCK DE RAMEYEN Administrateur Administrateur Tresorier GERARD HAVERIESTH ANDRE MORREN Commissaire Commissaire M. ELSEN Commissaire DR. M. LHOEST LEMOINE Directeur Secretaire Antwerp, November fourteenth, 1919. THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT February the fifth Nineteen hundred twenty Dear Sirs: HAVE recently received from your Society two beautiful documents and the series of three Medals, in token of my elec- tion as an Honorary Member of your Society. I accept this Honorary Membership, as President of the Zoological Society of New York, with a deep sense of gratification that our Society has been instrumental in extending fraternal aid to the Zoologi- cal Gardens of Antwerp in the moment of their greatest need. I have communicated to our Board of Managers and to the Members of our Society this most courteous action of your Board of Directors, and I shall place the beautiful Certificate of Election in a public position in our Administration Building where it may permanently record your sentiments of apprecia- tion. Near this document will be placed a photograph of the King of the Belgians, who has recently honored our Zoological Park by a special visit. All of our Managers and Members unite with me in sincere wishes for your new life and prosperity and for the re- sumption of the beauty and interest which made the Zoological Gardens of Antwerp among the foremost of the world. With the expression of our high consideration and esteem, I remain, dear Sirs, Sincerely yours, (signed) HENRY FAIRFIELD OsBorRN, President. TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE DIRECTORS OF THE SOCIETE ROYALE DE ZOOLOGIE D’ANVERS. “suapae “Utoqueg yy u D URley oy} ze SSaap IMT pe ue MUVd AHL NI Aq 4deasojoyd B WO. SULMAATTap Sesuey jo ua AVad LTAATSOOY IV touraaon REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS WING to the relief of the Pension Fund by the resigna- tion of a large number of members, thereby relieving it from the liability of 165 years accumulated service, and the fact that the interest of invested funds is rapidly helping assume the burden of the pensions already active, and because the Pension Fund has been administered on a very economical basis and that the investments made by the Finance Committee of the Board of Managers have been successful, the Fund is now in a better condition than ever before. A very serious loss to the Board occurred in the death of Mr. George C. Clark, Chairman of the Board since May 14, 1914, the date of its organization. The friendly relationship, cooperation with the members and the able management of the meetings of the Board, by Mr. Clark, endeared him to all of its members. At the meeting of the Pension Board of March 5, 1919, the following resolution was adopted: WHEREAS: The Pension Board has learned with deep regret of the death of GEORGE CRAWFORD CLARK, Chairman of the Pen- sion Board since its formation, and one of its most valued mem- bers, whose good counsel and untiring interest were always at the service of the Board, therefore it was Resolved, That the earnest sympathy of the Pension Board be extended to the family of our late member GEORGE CRAW- FORD CLARK in their deep bereavement, and that this resolution be spread upon the minutes of the Pension Board. At the same meeting Mr. Wm. Pierson Hamilton was electea as Chairman of the Board, and has officiated since that time. Mr. William Woodward was appointed by the Executive Com- mittee to fill the vacancy in the Board. 112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY An important event occurred early in the year when the Execu- tive Committee of the New York Zoological Society, upon the recommendation of the Pension Board, revived Sections 15 and 17 of the Pension Rules, providing for Subscribing Employees Widows’ Pensions, and for pensions for Widows or Dependents of Subscribing Employees whose death resulted from injuries received in the line of duty. This action was promptly accepted by the Pension Board, so that now the entire published rules are effective. There were eighteen resignations during 1919, as follows: Names Date Refund Geo: ROS Wis aya eee wo eee Jan. Wood (METER OWA] OLDE Es OO Kes Oh) steer rience tone teiaic ates me neon se Sone ree ae rere ale c ores Harvey [GTBEWONTELHs SEVAC SELORE? ((Ci)isc cactelereeatetonsnatere, as cia cass Guo se seenakedoS axons Emerton ANIMAL the OF OUR SEA-SHOREN(G)) cia. ei sists ciclisreuelie ae seide os oe Heilprin SEASIDE STUDIES, IN| NIATURAT HISTORY (S)).22.22- 2200 as.s- ene aes Agassiz STORY OF GUIBE INGE E BAG \GS)) ic scscel ee: seeteue oie ie oa hake tere teyeuerelicccicce says Hickson DENIZENS OB THE DEEP (GS)! secs ase, sus sacle ees ereteussele ene ale letenee apeaud asians Hartwig DENIZENSORLBHE MOREE S (GC) iccceee cutee atete ohee mieten crchecenme ha teneds tes rote) species Bullen NV OVE WOR] KYA 34 6] SH CC Gi) ies ra ra aa od sc en Lee SEA® MONSTERS 1G)! sare cnccre «ete cielo ue 8 ceaperedes 20s, gum ctepere sia. mts atay sv -ae eis eane Lee SEAUIMONSTERS AND: OE Ae BIRDS” (!)iciaie cps site isis e eus o erai este @haue level cus ave Hartwig THE SEA AND Irs’ LIVING WONDERS. (C) 2.25 ..c2.00005.0e. cece Hartwig REE (OO CHANM WORT Da) ©) ctccns a tate rete w: hie ob ay ople-ae Yes sone) sles io.cetge ane ores tise 2 tens Figuier IBEDE WiORTDy ORME SE AUCs.) clare ole cisloteieds wie ia) cucte-e cienesenccol orcas walls ae aye are Hart ANIMA IEE BY THE SHA-SHORE (CO) a 2 cic s 4 sachet a0ere a oe Boulenger RVAUUING AW ORIEL) ETP Bl Ags (1G!) neysucheacge. sccusnc tate = eusiereua chemin ainnere ee aicters Hickson SHA- SHORE letmeg (S|)! ae re ths crerehcos: siete cco trois 6 wiecs, aus aie? auewn echo ateimiece ane ed Mayer DROPS OF WATER; OR PENCILLINGS BY THE SEA SHORE (S).......... Gilman ifn BENEATH THE WATERS: (S)\¢ o.s00006060 0300000000058 ms eee Edwards IVEAR DINE! ROT OGY? | (t)) etceenenatcbsea ocho ica senebel © @.o afer eo. cpeucteveicus cycles Actahayeuens Tssel HWIRESHSWiATER BIOLOGY (CG) 25 oe ccie 5.00 nates, s0sis © eles ce ees Ward and Whipple LIFE IN INLAND WATERS (C)............+eeeeeeee+..- Needham and Lloyd HE BROOK B00 Ka). (G)). Sto. sco sreqsssasredtvaters « sous. e ave eae Sat Soke Miller ENA BROOK AND BAYOU 1 CE) % 5 <0 chaale nlveustere © ac) cyetelene ecister* © axes © oe cus! os Bayliss IEE ENE ONDS ANDES TREAMSI§ (©))\ces ete ateccscleta sc 0-s/e 10 ea) s. @ ae eres ooo Furneaux IRON DSRAND SI) ERG ENMSE (GC!) £65 sere fob orate. aujecc dae eveuets cc. teneioh a1 eleven ccheile soles, 16.410 « Cooke PONDS Wie eas (Ci) Se rarereeee tee ore ey syaent ne. cane Seekend oucnoehonee-shanere Bhern celts Sslaaed sel vleys Ash UPcAND! DOWN THE: BROOKS (CL) 9. c% oct nee «ot oe eee or csi oes Bamford Magazines on Aquaria, Terraria, Etc., in German WOCHENSCHRIFT FUR AQUARIEN UND TERRARIENKUNDE (Nos. 1-52, 19183—Jan. 7 to Dec. 30) 156 NEV’ YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BLATTER FUR AQUARIEN U. TERRARIENKUNDE (Nos. 1-52, 1913—Jan. 7 to Dec. 23) NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT (Noss 3, Oil 2 25 23non pA Oeelo lA) SONDERABDRUCK NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE BLATTER (Nos. 5, 6, 7, 9) Microscopy THE, MICROSCOPE: (CD) Hiv a Sicrtevarccd on fekaaee © ole. eae cen ens oe ee eee Gosse AQUATIC MICROSCOPY, FOR BEGINNERS) (Circe clean ei eee eae Stokes THE) AMATEUR) MICROSCOPIST (Seco rece eee eee Lee Brocklesby A GUIDE TO THE MISCROPICAL EXAMINATION OF DRINKING WATER SD) Rei cee ee Scien Ree CIEL en ree.c'0, a. Garenato Macdonald MICROGRAPHICADICTIONARYs (iS) secs ciemiers cic ieieseie sere Griffith and Henfrey TE MaiCROSCOPE AND [TS REVELATIONS: (js))o ones 2 eiecie ciate ects ore Carpenter INVERTEBRATES Protozoa FRESH-WATER RHIZOPODS OF NORTH AMERICA (C).........-.eeeeeee Leidy BEHAVIOR OF THE LOWER, ORGANISMS (S)ig....22 e420 coe os cciee Jennings (Paper. Mostly protozoa, one chapter on rotifers) FRESH-W ATER PROTOZOA ‘OF CONNECTICUT, (C) . 2.525... 0221s ene ees Conn Sponges RE SPONGES. gH RYGIDAB a (la) seiees se icin een ene rcharayer tei teh est erento von Lendenfeld (Paper) SPONGES, GEODIDAE ALBATROSS (Gl) ilo. oes 2 tise = orice wie peed von Lendenfeld (Paper) THEU SPONGES 6 (2: iavstestts «crore nace ete eek eine ci aaa re ee Wilson (Paper) Coelenterates CTENOPHORES, ATLANTIC NORTH AMERICA (S)...........--..-..-+-Mayer THE MEDUSA OF ZRH ELVWiORLD) (5!) cis eeiee iia acne nein reine cr ceuscae eae. Mayer (3 vols.) CORALS) AND) CORAT ISLANDS! (©) ecient ice eee ie aan eee Dana TORTUGAS MEDUSAB!: (GC) chs.5 oa cists ie wleteue tere tora ce tavee eie eeeecoieciceereree Mayer (Paper) MEDUSA: JALBATROSS 80) i2 sin t aiee o's ois se sige eers ovale) oars Ludwig (Paper) RHE ZO PE UGRID AB A (1 )\s.%5.c1es arc cs-ete s,4 94 abe alee casi s s beavers Lutken and Mortensen (Paper) CALAMOCRINUS DIOMEDAE (STALKED CRINOID) (T)............... Agassiz (Paper) MEES TEN DIAN IS GHINOIDS): (Si)is scietehard a's eveve, victs ots clout aieusls me. s 9 enero Mortensen (Paper) SAR EISIUESHW (CD) b ccc 6 ue seauemiye biter aves Savers Aa AOI aio etaismdie co teiun shal gala Sines Ludwig Paper. (In German). (Asteroidea) RANAMICE DBEP= 5 BACB GHITNT IG): Ari cnec ccd ais siete som siete enes «oo ornare ou Agassiz Paper. (2 vols. 1 Text, 1 Plates) OPHIURIDAE AND ASTROPHYTIDAE (S-a)......... ccc cece cece eee eee Lyman (Paper) Aquatic Insects NATURAL HISTORY: OF AQUATIC INSECTS (@)ins. occ mons ec oe nc mee ood Wiall AQUATIC INSECTS IN THE ADIRONDACKS (S).........../ Needham and Betten AQUATIC INSECTS IN NEW YORK STATE (S).........../ Needham and others MAY HGS AND: IMUIDGES: (SS)... ).- ssc ene once es eee ces ol Needham and others 158 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY REPORT ON MOSQUITOES, N. J. AGRICULTURAL EXP. STA. (T).......... Smith PAPERS ON MOSQUITOES AND THEIR EXTERMINATION (S).........--2e/ Vise. First ANTI-MOSQUITO CONVENTION (S) Mosquito EXTERMINATION (S) (North Shore, Long Island) MOSQUITOES (CO) cca cei cia sre ieve erase vie Aterronctersist aetn orate alle oki ones eNeMeneT Howard MOSQULTOESTOR NEWAYORKA(S) Pere ee eee. Cee eee eee Felt INSECTS (S) (N. J. State Museum Report, 1909) Crustaceans IBRAGCHYURA: (CD) es fo wen eines etek vauedst cas eas RO ROR eRe eee Rathbun (Paper) CRUSTACEA OF FAMILY GALATHEIDES (T)....... Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (Paper) THE DROMIACESIAND OXYSTOMES (@)e.00 ses 026 oa Edwards and Bouvier Paper. (In French) AM SHE UNS MeN COMMIS. (HL) oy Soomo. oo 0060S baoeeeeoosouL Edwards and Bouvier Paper. (In French) AM EGO SU BN Ee) Danny On neuoAoi (Og bo ade oid Colo ab.occoco Sods oesoooeo os Faxon (Paper) SOUNG OF CRAVEISEDESIa (CS!) iin sericea er teeteric ner ieee Andrews CRAWEISHESIORSPHNINS AVA NILA (S!) zaesenccare a teieuse teeta sienna ieee Ortmann HIGHER CRUSTACHACOE NEW, YORKUCILYA(S))is. sericea Paulmier CRUSTACHEAORANEWEOERSE Yan (ely) eeeere es eres oicick tern le tence oie nena Fowler AVISOD] GION] OKO osoUNoiain (C)heooadebooo esses oonddodosooouedudode Calman West INDIAN STALK-HYED! CRUSTACEA I(C)).. 2: op eee e secrete Young CRUSTAGHA > (CG) a5 25 scents cite os ode uate bevelepetewauricaehs ia see each Oneioie oor Stebbing THE" CRAY BISH 6 ((G)iecoderee cio ete ee eer oer Liars mie ete eee Hualey THE FAP ODED AE Rs CS eer eters cree pete aloe monroe: Oe Gece ce eee ree Bernard POPULARSELMISTORY] OF ERITISH CRUSTACEANCC@) sane a aetna eae White ISOPODSKORENORTIEAMERTCA MCS) Rgeisiee eich nia eee Richardson KNIOMOSTRACA: OF VIINNESOTAUES incu accce tee Herrick and Turner GRAPSOIDECRABS OR AMERICANS) Leno ot one eee eee Rathbun (Paper) GRAYEISHES——ASTACIDAE (GS) hats erie ci cree kee nen eee Faxon THE PAMERICANDISOBSTER a (Sitti cmicenin ener enn een Herrick INSATURALSEMISTORY OReDEE GOBS TERS (ie cin seen tree eee Herrick PENEIDES ANDES TENOPIDESE (LD) -ce eee eee ee eae Edwards and Bouvier Paper. (In French) Mollusks MPOLTUSCS 2 1G Miendtae Groot cau aio ot Oe EaN RGU CTA ERR LORS SIE Ao Apgar THE OCTOPUS: (OG) ioe cies ty eos Rear eo re oe Lee WEST COAST? SHELLS ACD) eocian ociieion ers oer ee TE ree Keep TURTON’S BRITISH SHELLS (S) TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 159 EEDONE: (CUDTEERISH)) (CC) ce. 12 ss dere s ol a 7s)e bie 5-5 o-evelis a cues, Suc ebro 0 oe Isgrove SYNOPSIS, ORESH- WATER MUSSELS (S) ..ccc0nc 3 cccce ses eee as Hees Simpson WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID MOLLUSKS (S)........... Dall and Bartsch CL SEUE OMELET #13 © OKs Ca) rater, sysscapler osc oi) 's;5-ahisiied s “eve, conisoe bClaveyagel dlls oyeneielsl oe inet ocen’ Rogers INVERTEBRATES OF MASSACHUSETTS, MOLLUSKS (S-a)............00- Binney FACE IVIGAIN TATE OES MERE SVL Tals US CAs G))\ cnaieic,c ac) sote eleva ores «colons @uetcle aiciava Woodward ADS ODj OAS 1 er 0 O.) )- Renae ar eS FO Oe ee Brooks EDEN TATey Tes ita (Cp) esses clasts. ceeen onan. ci Aeiasiocawsis eahueta SF ausoR sd si Sone dim ansiateetes wh es Step EEEMENTS OR CONGCHOLOGY (iS). sssas 06 0016 «14 cee oclee sere alee Ruschenberger CHENU’S CONCHOLOGY (S) 2 vols. (In French) OPISTHOBRANGHITEN, — (1I))icc cis sues csttensveneceucre evel cies ese soe cvcisie avers o ciaiehevs Bergh MOLEUSCSFAND? DRACHTOROD Au (cls )haruseene a erersiereiecrscieversieia tirsiaceneteaerene Dall Paper. (Tropical Pacific) RELATION OF MOLLUSCS TO FISH IN ONEIDA LAKE (S).........--e00> Baker (Paper) THE COLOUR CHANGES OF OCTOPUS VULGARIS (T)........2..00.00- Cowdry (Paper) Miscellaneous Invertebrates CRUSTACEA AND MOLEUSCA OF NEW YORK (C)......cc.scccccccc cases De Kay (Natural History of New York, Vol. 5) INVERTEBRATES OF Woops HOLE REGION (S) ANATOMY OF INVERTEBRATED ANIMALS (C)......... cece eee eee cee Huxley JELLYFISH, STARFISH AND SEA URCHINS (C).........cccecccecees Romanes AOOLOCICAT AAR RICHES a (©) eats pareccicwe ete cate) «ca euel se gucvehetcus ceuis tare ech Lankester MARINE INVERTEBRATES FROM GRAND MANAN (S)........--2eeee- Stimpson (Paper) HARVARD MEMOIRS (S-a) Stamilshese, stopets starevetatene ec acerevs cael oa lerele: bude avotevel a ush sueyien en eemerenereraneyors Agassiz Tel GONG ous ore take Niteencesia'e Pale enim tiene marraet odals melee cictae Allman Paper. (Annelids, Molluscs, Cephalopods) (Paper) TUNICATES SIMPLE ASCIDIANS OF NEW ENGLAND (S)..........eceeeeeceees Van Name COMPOUND ASCIDIANS OF NEW ENGLAND AND CANADA (S)....... Van Name MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Mammals INDEXGGCENERUI WEAMINGAT IU CI \iae a 6 cisne wis ¢ ccoleis es Gitye eve oe sn eye ss Palmer (Paper) ICO STUN VUAIVIIMEATES® (IL) oye ctor tetere erermeueseo8reis) daisy stones cielsie e sileteus: streiele Lydekker MAMMALS LIVING AND EXTINCT (T).........0.50e00- Flower and Lydekker 160 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY MAMMALS, MEXICAN BOUNDARY—U. 8S. (Part I) (S)............. Mearns (Paper) MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY (C)............---- Rhoads OSTEOL OGY OR ETHIE s VIPAIVIIViVAT: T/A (CLs) aspen te fe ane Flower THE: MAMMALIA: ((D)Gke .eehiaaecne tic eon ele eee eee Schmidt HE GEOGRAPHY. ORS VEAMIMAT: Sh (@))ieeeene aces ese ieee eee Sclater MAMMALS OF NEW JERSEY (C) 1907 NORTH AMERICAN, AND SIMUAIMIVUATIS§ GS) eicis a cicioiie oto enna Miller TYPE SPECIMENS OF MAMMALS, U. S. NAT’L MUSEUM (S)..Lyon and Osgood PAPERS ON MARINE MAMMALS (T) Mise. (2 vols.) MAVEVIATSSOR NORTH -AIMERTC Ags(s in cia ier cecil neieaeieneie eae nena ee Elliott MAMMALS OF MIDDLE AMERICA AND WEST INDIES (T).............. Elliott Paper. (2 vols.) INORTHCAMERICAN VEANMVDALSO(S) ine eee mecca ean eee Nelson BUR=BEARINGVANTIMALS (©) pase eee tee OLR ee ECC erere Poland NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, PART I—MAMMALIA (T).......... DeKay GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALS (C)..............------Murray ROMANCE OF THES BEAVER NCO) ireieieeae sion etre ie eile nie oieneioioes Dugmore BEAVERV DANS OF COLORADO (Gly) Patri esser eis ore oe eer kaiaie eee ieee Warren (Paper) WILD ANIMALS, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK—The Mammals (S) (Paper) IAN THROPOIDMAPES “(Si iesccs os ce coo toaet OUR iovevlont ie ohGbe ee eer a arewaeie Renae Hartmann MAMMALS, BIRDS AND REPTILES, N. CALIFORNIA (T)...........:- Townsend Whales, Manatees, Dolphins, Porpoise: MARINE MAMMALS AND AMERICAN WHALE FISHERY (C).......... Scammon PAPERS ON CETACEAG(@) aac ce cients Heike cio oe eee Mise. CALIFORNIAC GRAY: WHALER (S)) coe coco See eee eee Andrews WHALEBONE) WHALES OF NORTH ATEANTIC. (S))5o0- 2 0222 ooo cle oeeieierere True WHALEBONE WHALES OF NEW, ENGLAND) (S)iae cee ee se eee Allen PAPERS ON THE MANATEE (C) Transactions Zoological Society, London WHALES CC) icici cle trae aes Spee ee Ray ne CIS iio ee Ree nes eee Beddard AMERICAN. WiHAGECBISHERIBS, (©) ica cm «cic ecre cietcet cherie ieee Starbuck History OF AMERICAN WHALE FISHERY (C).........-...5.+s--+c-- Tower BEAKED WHALES OF THE FAMILY ZIPHIIDAB (S)........2....---ceess True SEALS AN DEWAHALES OR BRITISH E SEAS s(©)) a= ra stereeestste sions crore ietons Southwell NIMROD OF THE SEA, OR THE AMERICAN WHALEMAN (C).............- Davis NIATURAT) HISTORY OF CETACEAN(CG) incre] ciaee inert ee rior Dewhurst DOLPHINS CR) 6 ieee S Sec ote res eared ke eae cia ies oad ete Ce eke cones ogo NON RTE OR True ON THE ORDINARY CETACEA OR WHALES (T) Naturalist’s Library-Mammalia. 1837 TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 161 Seals Pan SHATAISDANDS ORVATASKA (C)ic¢..4.00 6 soc sic cc ewe ca dacecca be Elliott NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL (S)........... cece eee eeees rope yehe Townsend NORTH AMERICAN PINNIPEDS (C)...........0000cceececcvccececces Allen URGE ALS 1 OLA MSI ertererss sects eeie ie cce ss ecu ee Osgood, Preble and Parker SEA-LION QUESTION, BRITISH COLUMBIA (T).............--e eee eeeeed Wisc (Paper) REPORT OF FUR-SEAL INVESTIGATION 1896-7 (T).............. cee eee Jordan (5 vols., 4 Text and 1 Chart) ILLUSTRATIONS, FUR SEAL ROOKERIES (S) 1895 BERING SEA COMMISSION 1896—FUR SEALS OF THE PRIBILOFS (T)....Jordan BUR SEAT, HISHERIES (PART TT) (CD)s2 sc... alte) « Ditmars HERE PLE BOOK: \(G)rss2 Bintscle snshese otoepe eae) Sy onerave A wd ae ayekans, 24h 5: Ditmars MURTEES: OF NEW. HiNGUAND 4 ((G)ctcsite cycle sn eee oles 4.6 cieyse eee #1 c one Babcock (Paper) BATRAGHIANS AND REPTIEES «(G)is s.stew. 2 eye o 6 cies Yarrow, Coues and Cope (U.S. Geological Survey) THE ALLIGATOR (S) Mise. Papers. (Pamphlets) REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF ILLINOIS (S).........-ceeeeeeecees Garman MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON Reptiles and Batrachians (T) 162 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON Reptiles and Batrachians (S) REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS OF NEW YORK CITY (S).............. Ditmars STORY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES (C).............- Baskett and Ditmars FISHES, REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS OF NEW YORK CITY (C)..... Sherwood SHAW’sS ZOOLOGY—AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES (S-b) (Voll3; Part 1) AMPHIBIANS) OR VPENNSYEVANTAUC(S))-eeeieiec cnc eee ener ear Surface HROGSVAND LOADS OF SLONG ISEAND (GL) poe lee eee Overton (Paper) BIOLOGY OF ‘THE -HROG (©) nc ca cine ctor si clei the he ts Semen nenen etree eee Holmes Tre COMMON ROG) (DY) sic oc huci tereieieceietel ee), her cieisacits eres Seek ee ee Mivart THE FROG (CS) opecetscds ete vue sovoscuetane tees fo one ise yeileve c! sc lose eee elienoy tice eee Smith (Paper) BROGS: (@)icrerd. 23 PG oor is Se SE foe ale ot CCL IO Toe eee eye Dickerson REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS (2 Boxes of Papers) PLANTS AND PLANKTON Plants Tan) STORY OP-GERMPLIFE. GE) eictne sie cin eine cee ee eee Conn E'RESH’ “WATER: CATGAR (CS) ivc: fatrroueyccie Oistersys 3 Stench oiepe atria wei eieneraeee Cooke INSECTIVOROUS, PEANTSi (Sintering seis me cloeeue oie ehetoue oerenenene rote neeeieie re Darwin SWASIMOSSES (Gi) srs ttc corse wie See aren et cis Sites ae nee eB Ta epohe ete meters Hervey MARINE -BOPRANIST AS )iere ta eke tene oe Bites i aor ots sist owe ene oleh week eee onete Gifford Plankton PEANKTON. LELINOISe le IVER) (5) eieieietsts se isyece ono eo: hole ee hegeieie einen nee Kofoid Paper. (2 vols.) OCEANOGRAPHY AND VOYAGING Deep Sea Explorations, Dredging Stations, Bahamas, Bermudas, etc. THE PHYSICAL: GHOGRAPHY: OF THE! SEA ((G@))< 5 aes eoeicicrcuetonchenen oto ionenetonel! Maury PAPERS ON DEEP SEA EXPLORATION, Misc. (T) VOVAGCH ORSLHE CHAT LENGER? (Cl) emetic ete ces tithe eerie pienenentaar- Thomson (2 vols.) TK DEPTHS ON ELEN SEAL (©) cess ciaicioclo cic neicncieunencis ora eeonaien Thomson THE DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN, (C)% 226i 50 so dob ae ote. ote ae ee SCIENCEVOECIHE SEAU(G) eee nner e oieie er kekeieiole cael iter eee Fowler EbYDROGRAPHISCHE ALABELUEN 190i a0) rs cisceieteneicksietenenens) nsuetetenerers Knudsen GUIDE TO OCEANOGRAPHICAL MUSEUM AND AQUARIUM AT Monaco (T) (Paper) RECORDS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE STEAMER “ALBATROSS” (T)...Townsend THREE CRUISES OF THE) BLAKE) (©) sia. <. $29,684.26 CashVonahands cece creck eerie 100.00 $29,784.26 RECEIPTS. Receipts from Park: Sales ote animale asraeicerstec store erarenetets 1,213.00 Ghechottio:sbke > o-scspatess cuales Bos ausuatevarsucuore sveravue ciara 18.00 GOPTTied fOr WOrd mani nine acetate atoc ions eels $1,231.00 TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 169 EST OUGIOE @ POVILUG: sy oc 1s. 0a ianidtes ahaa er Eola) ot Boece ak yi $1,231.00 Miscellaneous! “ch. co. cinco lene cscs c1 nos te 34.72 Privilege Account, account 1919 receipts.... 17,000.00 Boating, account 1919 receipts............. 5,000.00 20;200.12 $53,049.98 EXPENDITURES. Micrmi nal St Scien eens sree oe oy ek Saredn tne een te St a $6,462.00 BIG SURV octet ae: orca ietre eis oun aad aud settee eee 4,591.50 Ree pil GS Gergen eS eshorens wel cere a nse ote ovate: Svacd at 3.2 620.24 inmseetscollection! < ss sss 26 lake e haven eee oee ees 14.48 $11,688.22 Express and other charges.................05. 1,087.51 Traveling and other expenses...............--. 619.86 1,657.37 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1919: Cashing bankaae va es ee eas sees 39,604.39 @ashwonehand eee eee eee eee 100.00 39,704.39 $53,049.98 H. R. MITCHELL, Percy R. PYNE, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1920. Stokes Hird Fund Schedule 4. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918: Casheimepankwer se eee. Se eee ne $458.54 Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway AGG Golde Bondsea.e2: see ee Cee ee 5,056.46 $5,515.00 RECEIPTS. Interest on investment .............cccccecces 200.00 $5,715.00 EXPENDITURES. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1919: Wash inuWanik: seston eevee aiereyo apecaerws $658.54 Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway ACA Ole ONdSteeccse crit a ee ee eee 5,056.46 $5,715.00 H. R. MITCHELL, PERCY R. PYNE, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1920. National Collection of Beads and forns Schedule 5. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918................ $107.16 RECEIPTS. Special Subscription: SOO eT eared repel ee ea Uhl lenpse recon ca eer oe ete re ceee eres t crmesyat ood cue kee onseonexers 50.00 $157.16 170 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY EXPENDITURES. Headsvand hornssecee eee eee Eee ener $85.00 Expressiand! other’charces.. arene ecole nine 3.27 $88.27 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1919.... ra 68.89 $157.16 H. R. MITCHELL, PERCY R. PYNE, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1920. Library Fund Schedule 6. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918................ $209.48 RECEIPTS. Incomes -Accountu(transten) ian eee eee ee eine 100.00 $309.48 EXPENDITURES. Subscriptions to;periodicalsise=:. esse eee eee $105.45 Books, spamphilets eter mori ee Coe 136.62 $242.07 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1919.... 67.41 $309.48 H. R. MITCHELL, Percy R. PYNE, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1920. Maintenance Hund NEW YORK AQUARIUM Schedule 7. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance Appropriation of $45,000.00 for HIKARI SHIR ehh Grae alo oti PONE OOo OOo b Oo outa ome $36,882.69 Due from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance) Appropriation © ss.- sc cai eye eens 8,117.31 Due from City on account of 1918 coal paid for TTL OU Oey Wace teeta chette eke teie aie tione nese uel reecbenes fe 510.16 $45,510.16 Shortage paid from funds of Zoological Society; Transferred from Special Maintenance Sub- SCHIPLLON, Pal Genel O20 epee cre ceri cheers ae eee 407.07 $45,917.23 Salaries gts ais ae de ah cater ve ie Paee ae ORCL eh earn $32,442.96 Forage and Veterinary supplies............... 2,119.59 Office Supplies. 5 eemiekes te eee toreeene naar 79.01 Laundry, Cleaning and Disinfecting Supplies.... 50.05 Refrigeratine’ Suppliess a. ais tems ereerone lrorerouelcne 136.75 COR ROTOh ORUDGHTON soo coobadeaod ooo FN OOd DOOD OKC $35,428.36 TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT Brougiib fOGWOATG 0.5 sais ele Stl wete tae soe le betes General (Plantysupplies..... 5.6 ce tease 2.22 sees 3 OMCE AH GUIPMECNES ace. ccs wits Seca bs a lels wisseve os General Plant. Hquipment.,. 5... .. 2.265004 0050 + Generali Plant Materitalsticrac cs nec cc oa a) cw so RUG AIS ie ae ete ects Seem ee rari is Sn the Gina) sues soaues BENG AIR Os 5 Ip ea, Ste aya) aso aus, RENE ie! BeOS Soe ae, 2 Expressage and deliveries... 2.2.2 5e2.0200065 Melephone: SCFVICE. 2.66.4 cee ae Hess ees elsan ss WOMEINGENCIES® 25.8 Gic i sn a eel dels esas ores als ss otdna Coa ee Pete oto ragele. eveyone cpocienensnarsy stele chee as ROBERT SUTCLIFFE, Clerk. January 14, 1920. Endowment Fund Schedule 8. Funds as of December 31, 1918: IMiVeStMeENES AUICOSG.aene Ae gee ales sie) s whe wee Less overdraft on investments............. RECEIPTS. Special Subscriptions: Johny WasRocketeller wT... aa -6 oes. oass sues Georwe Ds Prather snd ia soa ed Sais enews PAU et te Gee INGS DUGG ayen cers cre sate tas bares ares eeneioe = WrhesWembersh ips. ecw ae cree os) cues eyaresner eyes ers ee Investments as of December 31, 1919, at cost: $20,000 Westchester Racing Association 5%% First Mortgage Bonds. ...2 .v60.. <<.% 3,000 Second Mortgage, Clara N. Gibert and others, 6% over land and _ buildings, Broadway and 17th Street........... 5,000 Colorado & Southern 4% Bonds........ 5,000 Michigan Central R.R. Co. 4% Bonds... 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock 20,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock 10,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock 13,400 New York City 1965 414% Corporate Stocks cnt WetueM oles e oeere ee ecnfster fats was 10,000 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba 4% SONGS. > 2) occ kieran o,f cater She coteled eras eae Leys 50,000 U. S. Steel Sinking Fund 5% Bonds..... 50,000 American Telephone & Telegraph 4% BS OMGS! srvatate pe aiie toed sic octet ENA ee eee 25,000 Rhode Island Suburban Ry. Co. 4% Bonds 20,000 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co. 4% Bonds, General Mortgage............ 20,000 Vandalia Railroad Co. Consolidated Mortgave A% Bonds). .5......... Harbor Parrot; 1: SPECIMENS RECEIVED BY EXCHANGE. DETROIT AQUARIUM, Belle Isle, Detroit, Mich.: Goldfish, 43; Quillback, 2; Blue Catfish, 3; Suckers, 5; Rock Bass, 18; Sunfish, 7; Pike, 3; Mudfish, 5; Long-nosed Gar, 8; White Bass, 7; Mud Puppy, 6. : TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 189 NEW JERSEY FISH AND GAME COMMISSION, Trenton, N. J.: Yellow Perch, 235; Sunfish, 193; Pickerel, 23; Bullhead, 32; Small- mouthed Black Bass, 14; Large-mouthed Black Bass, 1; Chub Sucker, 1; Brook Trout, 14; Rainbow Trout, 8; Brown Trout, 6; Rock Bass, 11. COLLECTED BY EMPLOYES. Fresh Water.—Pearl Roach, 7,388; Common Roach, 37; Goldfish, 54; Silverfish, 83; Catfish, 1; Crayfish, 451, and Sunfish, 534. Salt Water—Anemones, 1,000; Starfish, 56; Mussels, 2,000; Sea Let- tuce, Eel Grass, Soleria and Tubularia. (Shrimps, Soft-shelled Clams and Mud Snails were collected in quantities.) The specimens received during the year, as detailed in the foregoing list, total 13,002, of which 301 were donated, 1,097 purchased, and 11,604 col- lected by employes. In addition 2,517,000 fish eggs were received for the hatchery as follows: DONATED BY U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES, Washington, D. C.: 2,000 Brook Trout eggs, 5,000 Rainbow Trout eggs, 1,000,000 Green Pike-Perch eggs, 1,000,000 Pike-Perch eggs, eyed, 10,000 Black-spotted Trout eggs. DONATED BY N. Y. CONSERVATION COMMISSION, Albany, N. Y.: 500,000 Yellow Perch eggs. Che Aquarium, Library BY GIFT. BIGELOW, Dr. EDWARD F’., Sound Beach, Conn.: The Guide to Nature. BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Annual Report, Museum News and Quarterly. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, San Francisco, Cal.: Proceedings. CENTURY ASSOCIATION OF NEW York, New York City: Nature (London). Popular Science Monthly. CHILDREN’S MuseEuM, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Bulletin for 1919. DAMON, Mrs. WILLIAM E., New York City: BOOKS Science Lectures, Miscellaneous. Brook Trout Fishing, by R. G. Allerton. Illustrated Natural History, J. G. Wood. The World of the Sea, by H. Martyn Hart. The Natural History of Selborne, by Gilbert White. The Marine Botanist, by Isabella Gifford. Drops of Water; or Pencillings by the Sea Shore, by B. F. Gilman. The Home Aquarium, by Eugene Smith. The Family Aquarium, by Henry D. Butler. Life Beneath the Waters, by Arthur M. Edwards. Elements of Conchology, by W. S. Ruschenberger. Manual of Mollusea, by S. P. Woodward. 190 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Manuel de Conchyliologie, by J. C. Chenu. (2 vols. in French; with marginal notes by H. T. Woodman.) Elements of Geology, by Jos. Le Conte. The Fishes of Pennsylvania, by Tarleton H. Bean. Figures of Japanese Fish, by James C. Brevoort. Aquatic Microscopy for Beginners, by Alfred C. Stokes. Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, by J. D. MacDonald. The Amateur Microscopist, by John Brocklesby. The Micrographic Dictionary, by Griffith and Henfrey. Microscope and its Revelations, by Wm. B. Carpenter. PAMPHLETS Whitebait in American Waters, by Eugene G. Blackford. Habits, Structure and Development of Amphioxus lanceolatus, by Henry J. Rice. In the Wake of the Challenger, by John C. Galton. Ocean Life, by James M. Sommerville. Traces of a Voice in Fishes, by Chas. C. Abbott. Address of William B. Carpenter of the University of London, 1872. Japanese paper book illustrating natural history subjects. The Oyster Interests of New Jersey, by Samuel Lockwood. Quaint Snails, by Wilfred Mark Webb. New and Interesting Eocene Mollusca from the Gulf States, by Gilbert D. Harris. Cephalopods of the North Atlantic, by A. E. Verrill. On the Production and Formation of Pearls, by Sir Everard Home. In a Snailery, by Ernest Ingersoll. Bees oe Fresh-Water Shells of the State of New York, by James ewis. Generic Affinities of New England Chitons, by Philip P. Carpenter. Four Species of Chitons, by William H. Dall. Ueber das Mannchen von Argonauta Argo und die Hectocotylen, by Heinrich Muller. How Hermit Crabs Get Possession of Their Shells, by Alexander Agassiz. Hydrae or Fresh-water Polypes, by W. Houghton. The Building Apparatus of Melicerta ringens, by Francis A. Bedwell. On Insects Inhabiting Salt Water, by A. S. Packard. Living Medusae, by Ernest Ingersoll. Species of Crustacea living within the Venus’s Flower-basket, by Ed- ward J. Miers. On the Rotifer Conochilus volvox, by Henry Davis. Embryology of Salpa, by W. K. Brooks. DENYSE, WASHINGTON I., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Animate Creation, by J. G. Wood. GUDGER, Pror. E. W., Greensboro, N. C.: Special ichthyological papers. JENNINGS, Mr. G. E., New York City: Fishing Gazette. LIVERPOOL MARINE BIOLOGICAL COMMITTEE, Liverpool Eng.: Annual Report, Marine Biological Station at Port Erin (through Prof. W. A. Herdman, Director). MINNESOTA STATE GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT, St. Paul, Minn.: Fins, Feathers and Fur. Poyser, Mr. W. A., Philadelphia, Pa.: Aquatic Life, 1919. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 191 Scripps INSTITUTION FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, La Jolla, Cal.: Bulletin No. 6. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C.: Special papers. STATE OF CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME COMMISSION, San Francisco, Cal.: _ Reports. STATE OF LOUISIANA, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION, New Orleans, La.: Bulletins, 1, 2, 3, 4. TOWNSEND, C. H.: The Naturalist at the Seashore, by Richard Elmhirst. British Reptiles and Amphibians, by Simpson and Hall. U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES, Washington, D. C.: Reports, Bulletins and Circulars. U. S. NATIONAL MusSEUM, Washington, D. C.: Proceedings, Vol. 54 (1919). Annual Report, 1918. CHARTER OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CHAPTER 435, LAWS OF 1895. AN ACT to incorporate the New York Zoological Society and to provide for the establishment of a zoological garden in the city of New York. As amended by Chapter 146 of the Laws of 1902; and by Chapter 240 of the Laws of 1910. See Chapter 432 of the Laws of 1900. See Chapter of the city of New York, Section 626 of the Laws of 1901. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Charles A. Dana, Oswald Ottendorfer, Andrew H. Green, William H. Webb, Henry H. Cook, Samuel D. Babcock, Charles R. Miller, George G. Haven, J. Hampden Robo, Frederick W. DeVoe, J. Seaver Page, Rush C. Haw- kins, David James King, Wager Swayne, Charles A. Peabody, Jr., Charles E. Whitehead, Charles R. Flint, Samuel Parsons, Jr.. Mornay Williams, Henry E. Gregory, Isaac W. Maclay, Isaac Rosenwald, Hugh N. Camp, Andrew D. Parker, Cornelius Van Cott, William F. Havemeyer, Frederick Shonnard, William W. Thompson, Alexander Hadden, Edward L. Owen, John H. Starin, Rush S. Huide- koper, William W. Goodrich, Albert H. Gallatin, Frederick S. Church, Edward C. Spitzka, Robert L. Niles, Madison Grant, C. Grant La Farge, William Van Valkenburg, and such other persons as may, under the provisions of its by-laws, become members of the corporation hereby created, are hereby created a body corporate and politic, by and under the name of New York Zoological Society. Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have power to establish, maintain and control zoological parks, gardens, or other collections for the promotion of zoology and kindred subjects, and for the instruction and recreation of the people. Said cor- poration may collect, hold, and expend funds for zoological research and publica- tion, for the protection of wild animal life, and for kindred purposes, and may promote, form, and co-operate with other associations with similar purposes, and may purchase, sell, or exchange animals, plants, and specimens appropriate to the objects for which it was created. Sec. 3. The managers of said corporation shall have power to make and adopt by-laws for the management and government of its affairs and business, for the admission, suspension, and expulsion of its members, and for the terms and conditions of membership; to prescribe the number and mode of election of its officers; to define their duties; to provide for the safe-keeping of its property, and from time to time to alter and modify its By-laws. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 193 Sec. 4. The affairs and business of said corporation shall be managed and controlled by a board of managers, the number of whom shall be prescribed by the by-laws. The first board of managers shall be divided by lot into three classes, equal in number, one of which classes shall hold office for one year, an- other for two years, and the other for three years; and all persons elected to be managers at any subsequent election shall hold offce for three years, and until others are elected in their stead. There shall be a president, two vice-presidents, treasurer and secretary, to be elected by the board of managers annually, who shall hold office until others are elected in their stead. The first meeting under this act may be held at any time upon a notice of five days, signed by any five of the incorporators named in the first section of this act, fixing a time and place for such meeting, a copy whereof shall be mailed to each of said incorporators at his usual post-office address, and twelve of such incorporators shall be a quorum for the purpose of organization, adoption of by-laws, and election of officers. No manager of said corporation shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any con- tract concerning its property or affairs. Sec. 5. Said corporation may raise money by the issue of bonds, secured by a mortgage on any or all of its property not acquired from said city or state. Sec. 6. Said corporation may take, purchase, and hold real and personal estate necessary for the purpose of its incorporation, and shall possess the general powers and be subject to the restrictions and liabilities prescribed in Article II of Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Laws, entitled “General Corporation Law,” being chapter 28 of the Laws of 1909. Sec. 7. The commissioners of the sinking fund of the said city are authorized in their discretion to allot, set apart, and appropriate for the use of said corpora- tion, any of the lands belonging to said city north of One Hundred and Fifty- fifth Street, but not in the Central Park, and such appropriation may be revoked if, after the expiration of five years from the passage of the act, a zoological garden is not established thereon; said grounds thus set apart and appropriated shall be used or no purpose whatsoever except those aforesaid. As soon as any lands are set apart the Mayor of the said city of New York, and the President of the Department of Parks of said city, shall become and be ex-officio members of the board of managers of said corporation. If at any time the animals now composing the menagerie of Central Park shall be removed therefrom by the authorities having charge thereof, said authorities may make an arrangement with the incorporators named in this act or the corporation formed by them for leasing or sale of such animals to such incorporators or corporation, and said incerporators or corporation shall have a preference over any other person or corporation in respect thereto upon the same terms which said authorities could make with any such other person or corporation, or upon such other terms as to such authorities may seem proper, but nothing herein provided shall be construed as giving the commissioners of the Department of Public Parks authority to sell, lease, transfer, or in any other wise dispose of said animals or other property connected with or belonging to said menagerie. Sec. 8. Admission to the said gardens shall be free to the public for at least four days, one of which shall be Sunday, in each week, subject to such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by said corporation. Src. 9. This act shall take effect immediately. AN ACT to amend chapter four hundred and thirty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-five, entitled “An act to incorporate the New York Zoological Society and to provide for the establishment of a zoological gar- den in the City of New York” in relation to real and other property. 194 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Became a law May 26, 1917, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three- fifths being present. Accepted By rue Ciry. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Chapter four hundred and thirty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-five, entitled “An act to incorporate the New York Zoo- logical Society and to provide for the establishment of a zoological garden in the City of New York,” as amended by chapter two hundred and forty of the laws of nineteen hundred and ten, is hereby further amended by adding thereto a new section to read as follows: 7-a. The board of estimate and apportionment in the City of New York may, in its discretion, set apart and appropriate upon such conditions as it may deem expedient for the extension and development of the work and objects of the said New York Zoological Society, the whole or any part of that portion of Bronx Park in the City of New York, lying to the south of Pelham avenue and Pelham parkway, for the use of the said New York Zoological Society, the said lands so to be appropriated to be described particularly in the order of the board of estimate and apportionment hereby authorized. The said board of estimate and apportionment may also, in its discretion at the time of setting apart and appropriating said lands or any part thereof to the New York Zoo- logical Society, and annually thereafter, in addition to any sum or sums which it may have appropriated for the support and maintenance of the New York Zoological Park, appropriate to the use of said society, such sum or sums in its discretion for the care and maintenance of the additional lands that may be allotted to the said society under the authority hereby conferred, as it may deem best. 2. This act shall take effect immediately. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM CHAPTER 441, LAWS OF 1902. AN ACT to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological Society for the support of the New York Aquarium. As amended by Chapter 239 of the Laws of 1910. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Chapter four hundred and forty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred and two, entitled “An Act to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological Society for the support of the New York Aquarium,” is hereby amended to read as follows: TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 195 Section 1. The Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York may annually, in its discretion, include in the budget for the then next en- suing financial year, in addition to any sum or sums which may be appropriated for the adequate support and maintenance of the New York Zoological Park or gardens, situated in the borough of the Bronx, and administered and controlled by the New York Zoological Society, a further sum or sums, in its discretion, for the use of the said New York Zoological Society, provided, however, that the addi- tional appropriation hereby authorized shall be made only in case an agreement is entered into between the said New York Zoological Society and the City of New York, acting by its Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the adequate keep- ing, maintenance, extension, preservation and exhibition of the building and ap- proaches thereto and collection of aquatic animals and plants contained therein, known as the New York Aquarium, situated in the Battery Park in the Borough of Manhattan in said city, and also for furnishing opportunities for study, re- search and publication in connection with said collections, which contract the said Board of Estimate and Apportionment is hereby expressly authorized, in its discretion, to make upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon with the said New York Zoological Society, and which contract shall also provide how the duty of the commissioner of parks for the borough of Manhattan and Rich- mond in respect to maintaining the said aquarium now imposed upon him by law shall be performed, Sec. 2. This act shall take effect immediately. BY-LAWS OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMENDED TO January 21, 1914. ARTICLE TI. MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Section 1. The office and place of business of the New York Zoological Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered. Sec. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Man- agers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day there- after during the month of January to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Sec. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secretary, upon the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of ten members. Src. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society at least three days before such meeting. Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows: . Roll Call. . Reading of minutes not previously read. woe Report of Executive Committee. Report of Secretary. Report of Treasurer. Report of the Director of the Zoological Park. Report of Director of the Aquarium. . Election of Managers. Eo fe . Communications. . Miscellaneous business. a mt SO D&D Or — . Reports and resolutions. ARTICLE II. BOARD OF MANAGERS. Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner for the Bronx, who shall be members ex-officio of the Board. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 197 Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten Managers may transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subsequent approval of a meeting at which a quorum shall be present. Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called by the Secretary on the third Tuesdays of October and April upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Secretary upon the request of the President or Chair- man of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of five managers. Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the board shall be mailed to each Manager at least three days before such meetings. Src. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the board may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee. Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Execu- tive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society. Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible for the election of the Board of Managers except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate by such committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candi- dates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Found- ers, or Founders of the Society. Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meetings of the Board, unless excused by a vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager. Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The President, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer shall be members of the Board. Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium, and ali other persons employed by the Society, shall be appointed by the Board or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Board. Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Com- mittee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Com- mittee shall also have authority to appoint such other Committees or officers as they may at any time deem advisable and to delegate to them such powers as may be necessary. Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as follows: . Roll Call. . Reading of minutes not previously read. Report of Executive Committee. . Report of Secretary. . Report of Treasurer. oe 0O tT) or 198 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 6. Report of Auditing Committee. 7. Report of Director of Zoological Park. 8. Report of the Director of the Aquarium. 9. Election of Officers. 10. Election of Committees. 11. Election of new members. 12. Communications. 13. Miscellaneous business. Sec. 13, All reports and resolutions shall be in wriitng, and the ayes and nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager. Sec. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Man- agers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for merito- rious work connected with the objects of the Society. ARTICLE Iii. OFFICERS. Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice- Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological Park. These officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unex- pired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the next annual election. Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Com- mittees. Src. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election. Src. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions, warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meet- ings, and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee. The books of the Society shall at all times be open to the inspection of the Managers. Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Standing Committees. He shall keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal, archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the corre- spondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets, and shall per- form such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ez-officio of the Executive, Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific Council. Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his successor chosen by said Committee. He shall TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 199 be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the business, scientific, and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. : Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his successor is chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates for positions in the Aquarium. The director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and Chairman of the Aquarium Committee. He shall perform such other duties in connection with the Aquaruim as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. ARTICLE IV. COMMITTEES. Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Committee and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their successors are elected. Src. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power may be contrary to law. Src. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regulation of the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, and shall have power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society. Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examinaiton of applicants for the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or approved by the Executive Committee. Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and payment for all current accounts. Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Com- mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section II of Article IV of these By-Laws. Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominating Com- mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II, of these By-Laws. Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws. Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting of the Board of Managers. Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular members of the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ex-officio, and vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of 200 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any other accounts of the Society, and shall report to the Board of Managers at its annual meeting. Sec. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Com- mittee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ew-officio a member and the Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Committee may vest in him any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall also be ea-officio members of the Aquarium Com- mittee. Three members shall constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper. ARTICLE V. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL. Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Members of the Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed. Src. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America. Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a quorum. The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ez-officio of the Council. ARTICLE VI. MEMBERS. Sec. i. The present members and such others as shall become associated with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws. Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Executive Com- mittee. Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by mem- bers of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of every member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, shall become a member upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below. Sec 4. There shall be a class known as Fellows, which shall consist of members of the Society who have rendered marked services to science, and shall be chosen by the Executive Committee. The privileges of Fellows shall be in all respects the same as those of regular members of the Society, but they shall be exempt from the payment of annual dues. Sec. 5. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 201 for the current year in the case of members elected between January Ist and May Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as follows: Src. 6. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life Member. A member who has paid annual dues for a period of five years may there- after, at any time, upon the payment of the difference between the amount of dues already paid and $200, became a Life Member, but such payment shall be not less than $100. Sec. 7. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member, of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron. Sec. 8. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of $1,500, or of a Lite Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate Founder. Sec. 9. Any member who shall donate to the Society 35,000, or property of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate "$2,500, or any Patron who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee a Founder. Sec. 10. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Per- petuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his suc- cessor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of designating in turn his successor. Sec. 11. Any member who shall have donated to the Society $25,000, or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, a Benefactor. Benefactors shall have the rights and privileges of a Founder in Perpetuity. Sec. 12. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year. Sec. 13. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scientific or professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may be elected by the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate Founder, or Founder. A resident of New York who shall have rendered marked service in zoology or natural history may be elected by the Executive Committee a Permanent Fellow. Sec. 14. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the Society, or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history, may be elected Corresponding Members. Sec. 15. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Found- ers, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fellows, Fellows, and Corresponding Members shall be exempt from annual dues. ARTICLE VII. PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate family to the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibitions, and may be used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be good for the current year. 202 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days are issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year. Sec. 3. Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a member’s ticket and to ten admission tickets. Src. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or hand- book, the report and official publication of the Society, and shall have all the privileges of the Library and Members’ Building. Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the privileges enumerated in this Article unless his annual dues shall have been paid. Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of members and ten additional admission tickets. Sec. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and shall in addition receive copies of all scientific works published by the Society. Sec. 8. Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within three months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of thirty days, by mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, however, to reinstatement by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee for good cause shown. Sec. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify within three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have declined his election; but such term may be extended by the Board of Managers, or Executive Committee. ARTICLE VIII. FINANCES, Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year com- mencing January Ist and ending December 31st. Sec. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall con- tract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the funds then in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the City is liable, and for which the Society will be reimbursed by warrants from the Comptroller's office. ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS. Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, at any meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous consent of the Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to receive unanimous consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the next meeting, send a copy of it to each Manager and state that it will be brought up for action at such meeting, when it may be passed by a majority vote. Audex Accessions, Aquarium, 186 Park, 179 Acknowledgements, 56 Aquarium, accessories, 141 aid to schools and teachers, 138 alterations, 43 appropriation, 141 coal, 138 collecting boat, 135 collections, 42, 132 distinguished visitors, 139 employes, 138 exhibit of fancy goldfishes, 136 gravity filters, 136 impovements to building, 136 New Guide Book, 138 officers of, 12 painting and repair work, 136 receptions, 139 renewal of furnace walls, 136 Attendance, Aquarium, 140 Park, 40 Auditing, 56 Beebe, William, 74 Blair, W. Reid, 82 Boating, 91 Bourne, Frederick G., 39 Bronx Parkway Commission, 54 Carnegie, Andrew, 39, 44 Census, birds, 77 Park collection, 41 Park mammals, 74 Clark, George C., 39 Clark, George C., Jr., 39 Conservation, 54 Collections, Zoological Park, 41 Constain, E. H., 93 Crandall, L. S., 74 Cross, W. Redmond, 40 Department, administration, 88 birds, 74 forestry and construction, 93 mammals, 71 photography and publication, 103 reptiles, 78 Dickermann, Watson B., 56 Ditmars, Raymond L., 71, 78 Dodge, Cleveland H., 44 duPont, Gen. T. Coleman, 40 Elections, 37 Emerson, Alfred, 115 Executive Committee, 56 report of, 39 Finances, 44 Fund, Animal, 46, 168 art gallery, 49, 176 Cadwalader animal, 47, 173 Carnegie pension, 53, 174 endowment, 47, 171 heads and horns, 169, 176 improvements and repairs, Park, bowilie income account, 166, 172 library, 53, 170 maintenance, Aquarium, 170 maintenance, Park, 167 pheasants’ aviary, 177 publication, 51, 176 special, 177 Stokes bird, 47 tropical research, 49, 175 wild life protection, 173 Funds, 51 Funds and accounts, 89 Gate receipts, 93 Gift to Belgium, 68 Gould, George J., 44 Grant, Madison, 61, 56 Guide Book, 92 Hamilton, William Pierson, 111 Harkness, Edw. S., 44 Heads and Horns Museum, 50, 185 Hepburn, A. Barton, 44 Hornaday, W. T., 71, 106 Huntington, Archer M., 44 Kuser, Anthony R., 178 Ladies’ Auxiliary, 36 McMillin, Emerson, 44 Maintenance, Aquarium, 44 Park, 44, 66, 167 Managers, board of, 9 annual dinner, 55 spring meeting, 51, 55 Medical Department, 53 Mellen, Ida M., 142 204 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Members of Society, 13 Merkel, H. W., 93 Mills, Ogden, 44 Mitchell, H. Raymond, 88 Mitchell, W. I., 88 Morris, Lewis R., 44 Newman, Anna, 103 Niles, William White, 178 Nursery, 95 Obituary, 57, 58 Officers, Aquarium, 12 Rake 2 Society, 11 Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 108 Pension Board, 111 Pheasant monograph, 121 Police outlook, 104 Pratt, Hon. George D., 40 Privileges, 89 Pyne, Percy R., 167 Receptions, 54 Report, audit committee, 178 audit company’s, 178 director, Aquarium, 129 director, Park, 65 executive committee, 39 Ladies’ Auxiliary, 61 pension board, 111 Prosector, 125 treasurer’s, 166 tropical research station, 115 veterinarian, 82 Restaurant, Boat House, 91 Rocking Stone, 89 Riding animals, 93 Sanborn, E. R., 103 Schiff, Mortimer L., 44 Skating on Bronx Lake, 96 Snyder, Charles E., 112 Soda Water, 91 Souvenir books, 92 Stacey, Samuel, 74 Stewart, Lispenard, 178 Sturgis, Frank K., 56 TeeVan, John, 115 Thorne, Edwin, 44 Tilford, Henry M., 39 Townsend, Charles Haskins, 144 Tropical research station, 115 Wild Life protection, 51 Woodward, William, 111 is al Pe eae eee oe ee at Biological & Medical Serials 655870 NAME OF BORROWER Annuel report. 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