- ey ae pina ae : Pe ae AES 5 Capers ot panes athe Scone et cn o A PEPE iS wae eo Sie rapa anermi peer ert 2 Seam! th Kearns a Le age on. ogi ks pet: ii Re AEP fai Tomcit ante i rer, rests Prag! a gee Ae ee Rails ne <— eg ain s POA Ra ech Fue weet! ~~ a & | eee tes Be na gg LOS Fy LS beie ae) 4 = a, Peer) Sinctone” on : fa X Peta sane Ree 5 Ararat “tna, gear ec Pa / ect al i 2 — ‘, A al Mecca Ki \ itt “% Ss a ‘> epiarer tans, fel pees, fain ts Medea R cao ata a I ee Pe nay oe a, af He TAS Bias BN BPA Mae SS Sea aoefate | | i] Bf ae ‘ rit o> <3 “ Al i F f c > i é B Pa 7 / 7 € rs’ i , L / f . 7 nyc! 4, TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Regents of the Mniversity of the State of Mew-dork, ON THE CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, AND THE HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION ANNEXED THERETO. TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE APRIL 20, 1868. ALBANY: VAN BENTHUYSEN PRINTING HOUSE Set. COUT, 2 > it . x iF r. i h fi 7 - i} ¥ ; is vie F E $ i Bs SEAR Siate of New Pork. No. 92. TN NDA TE, April 20, 1868. TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY ON THE CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, AND THE HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION AN- NEXED THERETO. UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK: OFFICE OF THE REGENTS, ALBANY, April 20, 1868. To the Hon. Stewart L. WoopFrorp, i President of the Senate: Sir—I have the honor to transmit the Twenty-first Annual Report of the Regents of the University on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Anti- quarian Collection annexed thereto. I remain, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JOHN V. L. PRUYN, Chancellor of the University. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. (Ex-officio Trustees of the State Cabinet of Natural History.) & &—_—__—__ JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL. D., Chancellor. GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL. D., Vice-Chancellor. EX-OFFICIO. REUBEN EK. FENTON, Governor. STEWART L. WOODFORD, Lieutenant- Governor. HOMER A. NELSON, Secretary of State. | ABRAM B. WEAVER, Superintendent of a aan se ERASTUS CORNING. ISAAC PARKS, PROSPER M. WETMORE. LORENZO pinnate GIDEON HAWLEY, LL. D. ROBERT 8S. HALE. ROBERT CAMPBELL. ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH. SAMUEL LUCKEY, D. D J. CARSON BREVOORT. ROBERT G. RANKIN. GEORGE R. PERKINS, LL. D. ERASTUS C. BENEDICT, LL. D. ALEXANDER S. JOHNSON, LL. D. GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL. D. GEORGE W. CURTIS, UL. D. WILLIAM H. GOODWIN, D. D. SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, LL. D. Secretary. DANIEL J. PRATT, Assistant Secretary. STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, Specially charged witlr the care of the State Cabinet. 1868. (The Governor), Mr. FENTON. Mr. CORNING. Mr. BREVOORT. _ Mr. BURROWS. Mr. CLINTON. Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. CAMPBELL. CURATOR OF THE STATE CABINET: = JAMES HALL, LL. D. REPORT. Lo the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New York: The Regents of the University, as trustees of the State Cabinet of Natural History, respectfully submit this their TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, For a detailed statement of the work done in the State Cabinet during the year 1867, and of the more important additions secured by purchase or otherwise, the Regents respectfully refer to the accompanying report of the Curator, and to the full list of addi- tions prepared by him, marked (A) and (B) in the appendix to this report. The Curator has also communicated a paper entitled ‘ Notes and Observations upon the Cohoes Mastodon,” which was stated in the last annual report to be in course of preparation. The Botany of the State constituted an important part of the original ‘Geological Survey.” A collection of indigenous plants was made under the direction of the Botanist of the Survey, Dr. Torrey, and constituted the “State Herbarium.” It was men- tioned in the Eighteenth Report that this Herbarium had been arranged in cases more convenient for reference, examination, and preservation than the portfolios in which it was originally placed The work of perfecting this collection and putting it in the best condition has been entrusted to Mr. Charles H. Peck, an enthusi- astic and accomplished botanist of this city. The Regents earnest- vl [TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS. ly recommend that an appropriation be made by which his services in this department may be permanently secured until this work is completed. The standing committee of the Regents specially charged with the care of the State Cabinet, have bestowed much time and atten- tion upon the alterations and improvements necessary to provide for the recent additions to the Cabinet, and upon the consideration of measures for its future care and improvement. While no lavish expenditures should be allowed, it is important that the State col- lections be properly cared for, and that they be, from time to time, increased to such a degree that they may be referred to as indices of the progress made in the special departments of natural science here represented. The usual statement of receipts and expenditures is herewith communicated. All of which is respectfully submitted, In behalf of the Regents, JOHN V. L. PRUYN, Chancellor of the University. Aupany, April 20, 1868. ACCOUNT CURRENT, With Appropriation for the State Cabinet of Natural History. 1866-7. Dr. @onoaiance from 1865-6_.........-..... $2,671 60 To appropriation for 1866-7......-. .--- 800 00 ——_—_-———. $3,471 60 Or. Popup OeCHONS ._. 2. - 225 =e 5 os $500 00 By excavations for mastodon._...-...-- 377 59 Peete 2 a) LS ke 3 149 56 By postage and stationery -..-...-.---- 101 67 lepeemelvine and cases__._..--....--..- 377 82 By expressage and freight -.--.....---- 290 40 By cataloguing and labeling ........_--. 706 86 By traveling expenses of Curator -.-.-.-. 74 79d is meomimieonts_..-._--...-..------+.- 47 00 By balance to new account. .... 2. .-.- 1,085 95 ~——_—_——. $3,471 60 I have examined this account with the vouchers in support thereof, and find the same correct. ALEXANDER S. JOHNSON. ALBANY, March 14, 1868. hy as Pris apron Sima) me i A ig : ‘iy eet rere re Vian GNC ere i : rai | th Ak 4 aga Pte i On ST MO ae. LOR r LECH V OMT ES, yee ey a ae ey Hasse he cbc | Haier ality peer peated ores it ' : : Y a a ee boa Th : = al : ry uA = i ‘ o : i. . ue. 4 * vey - i l : z ‘ A y AM ean 8 : I i (kare ray , : ‘ fj wi CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. Beer om.o: the Curator... 022-2 te. eee te oe (B.) Additions to the Museum during the year 1867 : I. To the Antiquarian and Ethnological Department. - Merlothe Botanical Department: Joy 2 22 . aie lo the:Zoological Department 2.0. ...4-2 25-5 2. -- IV. To the Geological, Mineralogical and Paleonto- locicalyMeparime nts. 20268) ek ae bee, geld (Ba.) Schedule of the contents of the Pickett Collection __- Seem pore or tine botanist... - lo. eee Ln a ek (D.) The Stone and Bone Implements of the Arickarees: By pone e wis tl. Morgan - sve. 4 tine. see = (E.) On the Mineralogy of the Laurentian Limestones of North America :\ By T. Sterry Hunt, LL. D., F. RS., (F.) Notes and Observations on the Cohoes Mastodon: By Semmes v erate Tbe Ds oo) hoy General Index to the Annual Reports, I-XX, on the State Cabinet of Natural History, exclusive of the Geological and ee Paleontological Papers 'P. 2. 22.2. ir Lak a Rie by © Aiea! tb Tas sigelodtia ‘fou aah thi ple, tt of ; SOVOB IT” EL consid eee to ate weg suo ae vi i auneanes ae vr a neh: ‘i LIMAIYL, WO ATAATHOD ‘ ia islsal old: bore pane wif? oO sani a mney P lupiigaodt ont oT pe bails eae aul lis si golGoX ont PR “ba loigoleaonil Igsigobiiat auld, ie anon viuspoU lisigel " Kasi GAT lle oy )sindoisl aflt Yo Bynatied alt To tit _. feinwiod re Yok en Se en a se re | 48 3040 adel soll ystone D a: : got anenl ! 4 vobelenhh esoulol) of} ia sapisAvtised) betke i et ee EB lt ale ahhh, oil uo ere I - dicu fount. ‘sty Obey bitte te sis i old 40 aeons: pero ‘nil ew ae ape cena E frat (A. ) REPORT OF THE CURATOR. To the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New Work: aK J GENTLEMEN—I have the honor to present to you, the following communication regarding the State Cabinet of Natural History, with a statement of work done in the museum and in connexion therewith, together with the additions which have been made to the collections in the several departments since my last annual report. The first weeks of the year were devoted to the preservation and arrangement of the bones of the Cohoes Mastodon, presented to the museum by Mr. Alfred Wild, in the name of the Harmony Mills Company; and some time was given to the superintendence of the work of excavation for other bones belonging to the same animal. After the work at the original point was abandoned, on account of the freezing of the water, some excavations upon the southwest side of the Mill revealed the presence of bones, which proved to belong to the same skele- ton, and on the 26th of February and 7th of March, we obtained at this locality, nearly all the bones of the right fore-leg below the humerus. In the same place, we also obtained two bones be- longing to the right hind-foot. The position in which these bones were discovered, was at least sixty feet distant from the point where the skull and principal parts of the skeleton were found, and at a level twenty-five feet higher. The bones thus obtained were of great use in the final work of mounting the skeleton. In the general work of the museum I have commenced, and to [Senate No. 92.] 3 6 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. a considerable extent, completed a re-arrangement of the New York Geological Collection, on the second floor of the building, bringing into the series the collections of the Laurentian formation and Quebec group, which had been previously placed upon the same floor with the Mineralogical Collection. I have also restored the original arrangement of a geological series of the rocks of New York, in the new table cases which extend around the room, next to the wall cases. In this series I have replaced, to a great extent, the original spectmens thus arranged by the State Geologists, as typical of the rock formations described by them. Farther exam- ination of the collections in the wall cases, and the cases of drawers in the curator’s room, will enable me to complete this arrangement the present year. The labeling of this part of the collection will soon be commenced. The labeling of the Paleontological Collection of the New York Rocks, has progressed nearly as far as we have labels printed for it. Other duties have prevented me from attending to the continuation of the printing, which will soon be resumed. In the early part of the summer, I was directed by the Capitol Commissioners to make an examination of all quarries from which specimens had been sent to the Commissioners, and also of other quarries which might afford material for the building of the new Capitol. Under these directions I have made extended examina- tions of stone quarries, hoth within and beyond the limits of the State. One immediate result of this work has been the great increase of the Economic Collections of the museum, and you now have at the Geological Rooms, a larger number of blocks of building stone, and, in greater variety, than can be found in any museum in the United States. This great accession to the Economic Collection, renders this department of the museum no longer an experiment, and the owners of stone quarries are desir- ous of having their material displayed in the collection. The recent direction to occupy both sides of the main entrance hall with these blocks, will afford facilities for the display of all we at present passess. In addition to these collections of large blocks, other and extensive collections of smaller specimens of the same and other rocks have been made and placed in the Geological Rooms, but for want of space cannot be arranged in cases. ‘The iron ores have likewise received some attention, and we have a considerable accession to the collections reported last year. | REPORT OF THE CURATOR. 7 LOUNTING OF THE MASTODON SKELETON. After some delay, occasioned by the want of proper working rooms, the preparations for mounting the mastodon skeleton were begun in the latter part of June. In this work I engaged Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of Rochester, who was assisted by Mr. E. E. Howell and Mr. J. W. Hall. | | The incompleteness of the Cohoes skeleton rendered it neces- - sary that some comparisons of parts should be made with a more perfect skeleton, and accordingly, after carefully making a list of the bones we possessed, with measurements of the more important ones, the young men were sent to Boston, where they made the necessary examinations, and also made plaster casts of some bones to aid in their future work. Acknowledgments are due to Dr. J. C. Warren for the liberal manner in which he gave the young gentlemen access to the War- ren Museum for the study of the mastodon skeleton, as well as other separated bones of the mastodon, which was of great impor- tance in the preparation of the work. Mr. Theodore Lyman also aided their objects in many ways. An examination was also made of the Cambridge mastodon skeleton; and our thanks are due to Prof. Wyman and Prof. Agassiz for facilities afforded for this and other examinations. Owing to this necessary preparation, the work of mounting the mastodon was not fully begun till the middle of July, and was continued without interruption to September. At this time the bed of the Mohawk below the Cohoes Falls became dry for the first time during the season, and I undertook to continue and complete some observations and surveys which preliminary examinations had shown to be necessary to give us a true knowl- edge of the position of the mastodon skeleton and its relations to the surrounding geology. Owing, therefore, to the occupation in this work for several weeks, the progress in mounting the skeleton was delayed. The results of the investigations are in part presented in a large, unfinished map, which I herewith com- municate, and of which a reduced copy is presented in this report. In making these surveys, we were much indebted to the Prin- cipal and Professors of the Rensseler Polytechnic Institute, who granted the use of instruments and gave leave of absence to several young men who volunteered their services in the work of the survey. To Prof. Mason, of the Albany Academy, we were also indebted for the use of a theodolite. 8 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. The work of the survey is too incomplete to allow of the gen- eralizations which we hoped to deduce from it; but it seems pretty clear that the pot holes in which the mastodon skeleton was found, were not made by the present or any former river in the same channel, but by some force which operated in a direction from north to south, and, as seems to us from present knowledge, to be con- nected with the great glacial movement. It is scarcely necessary to go into a detailed description of the map in its incomplete con- dition. In order to realize its intended objects, the survey should be continued from the mouth of the Mohawk to a point several miles above, and even to Little Falls, and also to the northward, before we can give such generalizations as the subject demands. In the progress of the work of mounting the skeleton, a com- plete memorandum has been kept of all the bones preserved and their places in the skeleton, and also of all the missing bones for which substitutes have been supplied in plaster of paris. I might remark, also, that for all the important missing bones we have had the corresponding bones of the opposite side. This is true of one scapula, one half of the pelvis, the bones of the fore and hind legs, ribs, etc.; while the vertebree have been modelled from measurements of the adjacent ones and from the corresponding members of the Warren mastodon. The mastodon skeleton measures as follows: Feet. Ljength: of (bead and: tusks: 22 Lijs2/42 92 Sai ee Spinal! colummayic bowl wedeibid ade ear see Rotallenoth, following theycurvesc 42. 790. 2o 54 ee 204 Total length ina direct line! j4.¢0 3522). SS ee eight oot yiee dees) 24). ee yee es The skeleton as now mounted at the Geological Rooms stands about fifteen inches lower than it would have done had we adopted the ordinary mode of mounting. This is due mainly to bringing down the vertebral column and placing the scapule higher upon the side—a position which I think is the true one; while im the Warren mastodon and others, the bases of the scapule are placed nearly on a line with the sternal bones, which gives the greater elevation, but, as I believe, by a distortion of the relations of the parts. It was only after several trials and the careful considera- tion of the structure of elephants and other animals that the present position was adopted. However gratifying it might have been to be able to announce the skeleton as having a height of ten REPORT OF THE CURATOR. 8) and a half feet, this could only have been attained by an unnatural arrangement of the parts. . The skeleton of the Cohoes mastodon is now one of the most interesting and attractive features of the museum, and since its opening to the public on the 23d of December, it has been visited by several thousand persons. In addition to the mounting of the skeleton, the surveys, etc., there have been made six casts of the lower jaw, which, from the peculiarity of the dentition, will be an object of interest for exchange with other museums. These have been carefully painted to imitate the color and expression of the natural one. The accessions to the museum during the past year have been very large. The recommendation of the Regents at their last annual meeting, that the Legislature appropriate money to purchase the Gould Collection of shells, was very promptly responded to by that body, and in February the sum of $6,000 was appropriated to this object, and the agreement for the purchase at once concluded. The col- lection was delivered at the Geological Rooms in April and the money paid to the administratrix of Dr. Gould’s estate. Tue KELLOGG COLLECTION OF CRINOIDEA. In April last, the Regents purchased of Dr. J. M. Kellogg, for the sum of eight hundred dollars, a large collection of Crinoi- dea from rocks of the age of the Lower Carboniferous forma- tions. This collection remains in drawers (properly indicated), beneath the geological table cases, on the second floor of the building. For the proper display of this collection, we need at least one table case of twelve feet long by two feet and a half wide—equal to one of those now occupied by the fossils of New York—still leaving many duplicates in the drawers. During the autumn, the committee on the State Cabinet author- ized the making of a collection of Crinoidea and other fossils from Crawfordsville, Indiana. The collection thus made is an extensive oue, filling thirteen boxes, more than half of which are of crinoi- dal remains. Among the remainder are some very fine Bryozoans; Brachiopoda of the genera Spirifera, Streptorhynchus, Productus and Lingula ; Lamellibranchiata of several genera; Gastero- poda of the genus Platyceras; some Cephalopoda and Ptero- 10 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. poda; of Crustacea there are a few trilobites in a fragmentary condition. The Crinoidea are chiefly of the genera Acténocrinus, Platycrinus, Cyathocrinus, Poteriocrinus, Scaphiocrinus, Forbesio- ccrinus and Trematocrinus (Gilbertsocrinus). There are several im- pressions of star-fishes, one of a new genus, and also an echinoderm of a new form. These observations are made from the partial opening of a few of the boxes. This collection will require con- siderable labor to put it in proper order, and, when completed a proper selection from it will require at least an area of sixty square feet under glass, leaving many duplicates for exchange. Taytor and Pickrtr CoLLECcTIONS. During the summer my attention was called to two collections of fossils which were offered for sale,—-one of these, the collec- tion of Mr. G. W. Taylor, of Pulaski, and the other the collection of the late Prof. Pickett, of Rochester. Finding it impossible without neglecting other imperative duties, to visit these places per- sonally, I sent Mr. Whitfield to examine the collections and report to me the contents. The general schedule of fossils in the collec- tion of Mr. Taylor, offered but a moderate addition in number of species to the collections already in the museum, except in the Orthoceratites, of which he had a very fine variety and in consid- erable numbers; such, indeed, as it would be difficult to obtain without great labor and expense. Since the entire collection was valued at $5,000, and Mr. Taylor declined to part with any por- tion without disposing of the whole, I could not recommend the purchase at that price. | The descriptive schedule of the Pickett collection (B a) which I append, showed that it contained rare and valuable specimens, which would be an acquisition to the museum, and as there was an offer pending from another quarter, there was no time for delay, and I wrote immediately in order to secure the collection. I have had it carefully packed and sent to Albany, where it has been placed in the Geological Rooms awaiting the action of the Regents. Minor AppITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. The Regents have likewise purchased a small collection of speci- mens, including a group consisting of calcareous spar, quartz crystals and a black indurated bitumen, which has been desig- nated anthracite. The group is from a geode in the Calciferous REPORT OF THE CURATOR. 11 ‘sandstone at Middleville, Herkimer county, N. Y. Such specimens are extremely rare, and its chief interest is from the. fact, that pieces of the carbonaceous matter are included in the quartz crys- tals, showing its presence in this condition in the menstruum from which the quartz was crystallized, while both quartz crystals and lumps of the carbonaceous matter are embraced in the crystallized calcareous spar. These specimens will be arranged with the Mineralogical Collection. In order to make a representation of the class Zoophyta, in the museum, the Curator has procured, by exchange, about twenty- five species of recent Corals. These specimens, together with what we may hope to add from time to time, will give a tolerable exhibition of this class. A considerable number of rock specimens of various formations, some fossils, plants, shells and crinoidea, of the Chemung Group, have been added by the Curator; also some glacial-marked sur- faces of the Chemung Group at Ithaca, and from the Hamilton Group at Malden, New York. I might mention that among the minor duties and occupations of the Curator, is that of giving information upon specimens brought in, which are supposed to be valuable minerals. In far the greater number of instances the specimens are iron pyrites. This information is given verbally, in many cases, but of those sent in, or left during absence, the information has been given by letter, of which many have been written during the past year. I have before reported the large number of shells packed in drawers and for which there are no cases. With the best arrange- ment that can be made, we cannot display under glass more than one-third of the Gould Collection, and by the time this arrangement is completed, we shall have more than twice as many shells in drawers as will be displayed in the cases. A valuable package of Ethnological objects and implements from the Polynesian Islands, sent to the museum by the Smithsonian Institution, cannot be displayed for the want of space (of which there is not a single foot) in the proper part of the museum. Some other collections of similar character from New York remain packed in boxes, 12 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. In closing this report, I must most earnestly call the attention of the Regents to the absolute and immediate need of cases for the cellections. The authority given to. occupy the east side of the entrance hall and to raise the Wadsworth Gallery of Casts to the floor above will relieve the want partially; but this will scarcely afford any room to display the collections of the past year, except those belonging to the Economic Department., The whole of the space on the second floor thus: vacated is.no: more than is required for the arrangement of the fossils of the New York rocks. Every available space is now being made use of. The two gallery openings will: be closed up and still we shall not have room for our increasing collections. In this respect, we are doing that which is the legitimate object of a museum of natural his- 1ory, for there is no one of these institutions in the civilized world which is not extending its accommodations to meet the rapidly accumulating results of scientific research, and at this moment the trustees of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge have under consideration the plans and estimates for extending their building so as to equal four times its present capacity. It should be just cause for congratulation that more room is demanded for our rapidly increasing collections. In our own case, the rooms at present occupied, have become entirely inadequate for the pressing wants of the museum, and making allowance for a moderate increase annually, we shall need twice as much space as we now have by the time a new building can be provided. I am, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JAMES HALL. ALBANY, January 9, 1868. (B.) ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR 1867. I. BY PURCHASE. The Gould Collection of Shells, containing 60,000 specimens. The Kellogg Collection of Crinoidea, containing about 1,000 | epecimens. A small collection of Quartz Crystals, indurated Bitumen, Cal- careous Spar, etc. The Pickett Collection. (Schedule appended marked B a) Il. BY CoLLeEctTION IN THE FIELD. A large collection of Crinoidea and other fossils from Crawfords- ville, Ind. Fossils from the Chemung Group. Glacial-marked Slates. A large collection of various rock specimens. A collection of Potsdam Sandstone fossils from Keeevilles N. Ye Ill. BY DONATIONS To THE MUSEUM. I. To the Antiquarian and Ethnological Department. From Mr. WitiiaAm Foorp, of Albany, N.Y. | An Indian implement (a leather rubber) found near Ten Eyck’s farm in Bethlehem, Albany county, N. Y. ; A Chinese razor. From Hon. W. P: Warson, of Port Kent, N. Y. A Bullet raised from the magazine of one of Arnold’s vessels burned and beached at Panton, Vt., after the naval battle with Carleton, 1776. 14 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. From the SMitHsoNIAN INSTITUTION. A collection of Ethnological objects from Polynesia. From 8. B. Campion, Bloomyille, Delaware county, N. Y. A Stone Pestle of aboriginal manufacture, found near Bloom- ville, Delaware county, N. Y. II. T'o the Botanical Department. From F. E. Cavrct, the Landscape Painter. (Through Mr. E. D. Paumer, of Albany.) A piece of a large Bamboo, six feet long and five ‘nches in diameter. Brought by Mr. Church from South America. Il. To the Zoblogical Department. From C, L. Stewarp, Engineer on —— R. R.? A large piece of wood perforated by some species of Borer. From Henry K. Lxee, of Albany, N. Y. A specimen of the River Gar, or Banded Gar, from the Hudson river. | From ——, Albany. Specimen of Sphinx drupiferarum Sm. Abb. From G. W. Harton, of Congress Hall, Albany. A specimen of Z'ropea Luna (Linn.) Collections made by the Museum. Several species of Snakes collected at Crawfordsville, Indiana, by Mr. C. Vandeloo, From Hon. L. H. Moran, of Rochester, N. Y. Six specimens of Beaver Skulls, from the region of Lake Superior. From Major WiiL1AmM Taytor, of St. Catharine’s, C. W., formerly of the Hon. East India Company’s service. (Communicated by Mr. Tuzecpore KERNER.) Skins of Serpents from the East Indies, of the following spe- cies: Cobra de Capello, two specimens; Cobra de Manilla, one specimen; Whip Snake, one specimen; Carpet Snake, two specimens; Boa (sp.?), one specimen. [n all seven species.* * These species were erroneously credited in the Fourteenth Report as the gift ef Mr. Kerner, and the correction is made at the request of Major Taylor. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. ‘15 IV. To the Geological, Mineralogical and Paleontological Depart: ments. From Mr. Witttam Foorp, of Albany, N. Y. A large Shark’s Tooth, from the London clay, London, England. From Senor Asta BrumaGa, late Chilian Minister to the United States. (Communicated by Hon. Mrs. J. V. L. Pruyn.) Two specimens of Copper Ore from Chili. From Dr. R. L. Aten, of Saratoga, N. Y. A large slab, five by six feet, of Potsdam Sandstone, with one side showing fine ripple marks. A large mass of Conglomerate, from the base of the Potsdam Sandstone in Greenfield, Saratoga county, N. Y¥. A large slab of Lower Trenton Limestone, nearly five by six feet, with one side covered with hemispherical masses of Stromatopora. These specimens are very valuable acquisitions for geological study, and, as a part of the out-door Museum, are placed in the area upon Lodge street. From AtFrep W11d, of Albany, N. Y. A mass of Iron Pyrites in shale from Cohoes (the pyrites massive and in minute crystals). From Hon. Ezra Corneit, of Ithaca, N. ¥. A block of nearly a cubic foot of Argillaceous Sandstone, dressed on three sides and partly on two others, showing the style of blocks used in the building of the Cornell University; one face covered with fossils. A block of 9X9X11 inches of White Medina Sandstone; the same as used in the Cornell University. From Mr. Pottar, of Fort Ann. Several large masses of Magnetic Iron Ore, from the Port Dunk Mine, near: Fort Ann, N, Y. From Lewis H. Roz, of Westport, Essex County, N. Y. A large mass (800 pounds) of Magnetic Iron Ore, from mine near Comstock’s Landing, Washington County, N. Y. From B. F. Orrarson, of Granville, Washington county, N. Y. (Through W. H. Wuirttesey, of Lakeville, Ct.) Several good specimens of Hematitie Iron Ore, from Salis- bury, Ct. 16 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. From C. E. Benepict, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. A miscellaneous collection, containing Rose Quartz, Felspar, Mica, Schorl, etc., from Greenfield, Saratoga county, N. Y. From R. 8. Kenyon, Division Superintendent Merchants’ Union Express, Albany, N. Y. Calcareous Tufa (erroneously petrified wood), several specimens, collected between Fort Plain and Cooperstown, N. Y. From Rey. J. E. Baxerr, of Rochester, N. Y. Two specimens of Slate with Stellate Fucoids or Graptolites, from the Roofing Slate quarries of Middle Granville, Wash- ington county, N. Y. From Ira A. Gitcurist, of Salina, N. Y. Part of a fossil Elephant’s Tooth, from the gravel of Salina. The section showed a depth of fifteen feet above the point where two elephant’s teeth are said to have been taken out. From Pau F. Coopsr, of Albany, N. Y. A pebble of Argillaceous Sandstone of the Hamilton Group, showing spheroidal desquamation: Otsego county, N. Y. From Col. Joun M. Wizson, U. S. A., Albany, N. Y. A specimen of Graywacke — Argillaceous Sandstone — showing decomposition to equal depths from the surface, owing to the presence of iron pyrites: New Baltimore, N. Y. From Horace Dovexass, M. D., Gloversville, N. Y. A miscellaneous collection of specimens, Iron Ore, Pyrites, etc., for examination. ‘ From 8. B. Coampion, BLuoMvILuE, Delaware county, N. Y. Specimens of Rock from Kortright Hills, Delaware county. A specimen of Red Shaly Sandstone, and a decomposing fer- ruginous Sandstone, with Spirifera disjuncta. From RENSSELAER Day, of Otsego, N. Y. Specimens of Stratified Clay, with ferruginous sandy layers. From W. R. Wuirtiesky, of Lakeville, Ct. A large mass of Iron Ore Hematite, enclosing imbedded masses of quartz, etc. The Curator, when at the iron mines of Salisbury, Ct., received very fine specimens for the Cabinet from Mr. Alexander Hub. bard, Mr. Peter P. Everts and Mr. John Dauchy. " ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 17 From Epwarp LEARNED, of Pittsfield, Mass. A mass of Sulphuret of Lead and Silver, from Colorado, weighing 42 pounds. From S. Fircu, of Hudson, N. Y., formerly of Delhi, Del. Co. N. Y. A slab of Red Shaly Sandstone, with the impression of a fossil fish (Cephalaspis) two feet in length, upon its surface. The specimen is interesting, as showing for the first in the coun- try, it is believed, this fossil fish in any other condition than separated scales and bones. From Tuomas Hoxiz, Leonardsville, Madison county, N. Y. A slab of Argillaceous Sandstone with Worm-tracks. BUILDING STONES PLACED IN THE STATE CABINET, WHICH HAVE BEEN OBTAINED THROUGH THE ACTION OF THE CAPITOL COMMISSIONERS. Most of these have been obtained from the personal application of the Curator to the owners of quarries, nearly all of whom have responded very readily to his request for specimens, and some of them in a very liberal manner. GRANITES. From Dr. R. L. ALLEN, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. A dressed block of Gneissoid Granite, one cubic foot; Sara- toga, N. Y. Ban the Quincy RarLwAy GRANITE COMPANY. A dressed block of dark Syenitic Granite of one cubic foot; Quincy, Mass. A block of light-colored, fine-grained Granite of one cubic foot, from Concord, N. H. From Runets & CLoueH. A dressed block of light-colored, fine-grained Granite of one cubic foot, from Fitzwilliams, N. H. From Rogers & Co. A block (6x8X12) of light-colored Quincy Granite. From I. P. Harrineton, Barre, Vt. A dressed block of Grey, light-colored Granite of one cubic foot, from Barre, Vt. From the Dix ISLAND GRANITE COMPANY. A dressed block of Grey Granite, from Dix Island, Maine. 18 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. From the Rockport GRANITE COMPANY. A small, partly dressed block of Granite ; Rockport, Cape Ann, Mass. From Grorce Wricutson, New York. A block of coarse Grey Porphyritic Granite, one foot long by six inches wide and thick. MARBLES—METAMORPHIC LIMESTONES. From SHELDONS & SLASON. (Through 8. W. Rowe 1, of Rutland, Vt.) Five blocks of Marble of one cubic foot each, showing all the varieties of marble in the quarries at Rutland, Vt. From the OrreR CREEK MARBLE Company, of Sutherland Falls. Four dressed blocks of Marble, showing variety of texture, color and mode of dressing. Four blocks of Marble, two of them six-inch cubes, showing varieties of color and dressing. From H. Tupor BRowNELL, of Hartford, Ct. Two dressed blocks of Marble of one cubic foot each, one a white and the other a colored variety, from Salisbury, Ct. From the BerksHire MARBLE COMPANY. A fine block of dressed Marble of one cubic foot, showing variety of dressing, from Alford, Mass. From Masterton & Hatt, of Tuckahoe, Westchester county, N. Y. Two dressed blocks of White Marble, one of a cubic foot and the other a six-inch cube ; the same marble so extensively . used in New York for building purposes. Two blocks of White Marble of about one cubic foot each, from from Hastings, N. Y.; brought in by the Curator. | LIMESTONES UNALTERED. From —— Hueuss, Syracuse, N. Y. A dressed block of Onondaga Limestone of about 10x10x8 inches, showing variety of dressing and having one face polished. From JAMES SHANAHAN, of Tribes Hill, N. Y. Two blocks of Blue Trenton Limestone, one of a cubic foot, showing a variety of dressing, the other a ten-inch cube more roughly dressed. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 19 From JoHN Cretzer, of Jacksonburgh, N. Y. A block of Trenton Limestone of about 10x 12.6 inches, rough. dressed. SANDSTONES OR FREESTONES. From the CLoueH Stons Company, of Loraine county, Ohio. Two large blocks of fine-dressed Grey Freestone, and one square shaft measuring twelve inches at the base and eleven inches inches at the top. From B. Cioues, of Plato, Ohio. A fine-dressed block of Bluish-Gray Freestone of one cubic foot, from Columbiana, Ohio. From Grorce Wricutson, of New York. A fine-dressed block of Brown Freestone of one cubic foot, with one face showing fracture, from Seneca Creek, Mary- Jand; the block taken from the same quarries as that used in the construction of the Smithsonian Institution and other buildings in Washington, D. C. From H. J. Sicxuus, of Albion, N. Y. A handsomely dressed block of Brown Freestone (Medina Sand- Sandstone), from Albion, N. Y.; block 12x10X8 inches, 20 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.. (B a.) SCHEDULE OF THE CONTENTS OF THE PICKETT COLLECTION, PURCHASED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1. The Lower Siluréan fossils are represented in collections from Cincinnati, Ohio ; Pulaski and other places in New York. . The Medina Sandstone is represented by a few fossils only. 3. The Clinton Group is largely represented by the characteristic fossils which occur in New York. | 4, The Niagara Group is largely represented. There are many fine Corals and Bryozoans, and of the latter some remarkably fine specimens, particularly of the genera Callopora and Trematopora. 7 There are several specimens of Hncalyptocrinus, Stepha- nocrinus, etc., and a fine series of the Brachiopoda of that Group of rocks. 5. The Lower Helderberg Group is but feebly represented in col- collections from Albany and Schoharie counties. . The Upper Helderberg Group is mainly represented by Corals. ‘Many of these have been worked out by acids, so as to be almost entirely free from adhering stone, leaving the silicified corals in fine condition. There are also a few Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata, Cephalopoda, Bryozoa and Crustacea. 7. The Hamilton Group is largely represented by the fossils of Western New York in all the different classes. The most conspicuous and important of these are the Crinoidea, of which there are many fine specimens of several genera and species. Of Actinocrinus eucharts (of which but one speci- men has been seen by me before) there are three -or four. There are also specimens of Megistocrinus, Cacabocrinus, Poteriocrinus, and one new species: of Ahodocrinus of re- bo for) markable character. 8. The Chemung Group is represented in a considerable number of fossils, a few crinoids, which are rare, and some fine slabs of Ftlicttes (fossil ferns). 9, The Burlington Limestone is represented by a considerable number of Crinoidea of the ordinary character. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 21 10. The Heokuk Limstone is represented in the Crinoidea of Crawfordsville, Indiana, of which there is a large box not opened. The specimens were represented by Mr. Pickett and by Mr. Elwood as consisting largely of crinoids col- lected by Prof. Pickett himself; judging from other parts of the collection made by him, it may be inferred that the — specimens are good. There are some representatives of the other divisions of the carboniferous rocks, and among them a collection of the Spurgeon Hill fossils. 11. The Coal Measures are represented in a good collection of fossils from the shales of Danville, Illinois. There are also two large boxes which were not examined, but which were said to contain good cabinet specimens. Besides those enumerated, there are many large slabs and polished blocks of different rocks, showing the condition of the corals, crinoids, ete. : A small collection of European Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils. Minerals.—The Collection contains some minerals, mostly from Lockport, N. Y. and from New England. Fresh-water Shells.—There is a considerable collection of Uniones, Anodons, etc., but mostly in a poor condition. Some of them will be useful. Radiata.—There is a pretty large collection of Starfishes and other Echinoderms in a good condition. These had been obtained mostly from Prof. Agassiz in exchange for fossils. The specimens have labels with them and have been apparently carefully kept as they were received. This part of the collection will supply a want in the Museum, since, as I have had occasion to state, we had pre- viously but one or two Starfishes and one Echinus in the State Collection to represent this large class of organisms. Mr. Pickett at first desired to stipulate that this collection should remain separate, as “* The Pickett Collection,” in the State Museum ; but when the impracticability of such a plan was repre- sented to him, he became willing to have it incorporated in the general collections of the Museum, provided that a catalogue of its contents should be published in some future report on the State Cabinet—The collection was received in good order at the State Cabinet in November. [Senate, No. 92.| 4 ‘ x } r i i) bs t i ; it nag eo RE AN i ; an Av is dee Br ii 4 ‘ , } ; Sf | ee ea Pe eh w (C.) REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. Dr. S. B. WooLworTH : Sir—I herewith submit the following brief statement of work done toward completing and perfecting the State Herbarium. Since July 1st, there have been added to the Herbarium, speci- mens of two hundred and eighty-two species, of which one hun- dred and thirty are Phenogamous or Flowering plants, and one hundred and fifty-two are Cryptogamous plants belonging to the orders Musci and Hepatice. Collections of Lichens and of Fungi have been commenced, but the specimens collected have not yet been critically examined. Probably about forty species of the former and eighty of the latter order are represented. Of the one hundred and thirty specimens of Phzenogamia, fifty- eight supply deficiencies published in the Regents’ Circular of 1864, twelve supply deficiencies not published therein, and the remaining sixty are added because they represent some peculiar variety, or will aid in giving a more complete idea of the several species. Of the one hundred and fifty-two Cryptogamia, one hundred and ten are Mosses and forty-two are Liverworts. A few of these have been obtained from correspondents or in exchange, but they are mostly of my own collecting. Specimens of one hundred and twenty-one species of Phzenoga- mous plants have been selected from the packages contributed by various botanists from time to time in response to the Circular of the Regents. Of these, seventy-seven supply deficiencies pub- lished therein; the remainder either supply unpublished defi. ciencies, or being beautiful specimens, are added for the better representation of species. 24 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. These, as well as my own additions of Phznogamia, have been laid upon sheets preparatory to mounting and poisoning, which work I have not yet had time to do. Specimens of seventy-eight species of Mosses have been mounted. This work is now in progress. Six species of Flowering plants and thirteen of Mosses and — Liverworts, new* to the State, have been detected by me. All — except four of these were discovered in the Adirondack region. These, with other discoveries both by myself and others, are more fully noticed ina paper entitled ‘ Facts and Observations touch- — ing the Flora of the State of New York.” A series of ninety-eight specimens of Alge collected in Peconic Bay, Long Island, and comprising about twenty species, were presented to the State Cabinet by Mrs. M. A. Bush. These were undetermined. About half of them have been microscopically examined and identified. Others being without fruit cannot be satisfactorily determined until further collections are made. CHARLES H. PECK. ALBANY, January 1, 1868. *That is, they are not contained in the official Reports of Dr. Torrey and Judge Clinton, nor in my list of Mosses in the Nineteenth Cabinet Report. (D.) THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. By Hons Lewis H. Moresn. To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: Indian arts and inventions ate the same over all the North Amer- ican continent, with a higher development of the same conceptions in particular localities. The social condition of the Iroquois of New York can be illustrated with nearly as much certainty, by the implements and utensils of the Indian family at large, as by those of their own construction, Inasmuch as they have now passed, substantially, out of their aboriginal condition, we are compelled to look beyond our State limits to find many of the fabrics, implements, inventions and utensils which were in common use among them at the epoch of their diseovery. Our d5tate Col- lection, therefore, in order to illustrate fully the aboriginal period of our history, must draw from the Indian family at large, as well as directly from the Iroquois themselves. This obvious trath should be held constantly in view in the efforts made for its enlargement. This CoHection now contains about 3,000 specimens of implements of stone, illustrative of the so-called Stone Age of the American Indians. It may be well to state, by way of comparison, that the Copenhagen Museum contains 9,000 specimens of stone inyple- ments, while the several cabinets in Denmark, aré estimated to contain, itt the aggregate, 30,000; and that of the Museum of Stockholm 16,000. These memorials of the Stone Age of the 26 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. primitive inhabitants of Europe, are as highly valued as the col- lections in any other department of knowledge.* In the year 1862, I obtained at the old village of the Mandans on the Upper Missouri, a series of stone mauls, stone hammers and bone implements, of which I propose to give a brief descrip- tion. They belong to the Stone Age of the American aborigines. The village, at that time, was deserted of its inhabitants, and had been for several months; but many of the original houses were still standing, and some of them in as good condition as when abandoned. Fort Clarke was constructed in 1829, by the Ameri- can Fur Company, by the side of this village, and this will deter- mine its site upon the map. : The Arickarees were the last inhabitants of the village. These implements were lefi there by them; but since they might have been left by the Mandans to the Arickarees, as they were subsequently abandoned by the Arickarees to the first finder, a brief notice of both nations becomes necessary. It is immaterial to which they originally belonged, so long as it is made certain that they were used by one or the other. Among the Stationary Village Indians, north of New Mexico, the Mandans have ever held a conspicuous position. They have been regarded as the introducers of agriculture upon the Upper Missouri, as well as the originators of the peculiar and distinctive timber-frame house, known as the Mandan lodge, which, I believe, has not been found, except amongst the nations which inhabited the banks of the Missouri and its western tributaries. There are some reasons, however, for supposing that the Minnitarees, and not the Mandans, were the inventors of this form of house, and also the introducers of cultivation into this region; but it is un- necessary, in this connection, to consider these questions. The Mandans belong to the Dakota stock, but find their nearest affilia- tion with the Lower Missouri nations, namely: the Punkas, Omahas, Iowas, Otoes, Missouris, Osages and Quappas. These last nations, in dialect, are nearer to each other, interchangeably, than either is to the Mandans; whence it follows that the separation was remote in point of time, but the Mandan dialect is nearer to this group of dialects than it is to the Sioux or Dakota proper. In comparison with the nations east of the Mississippi, our * The Smithsonian collection at Washington contains about 10,000 stone implements. It is the most complete collection, in the extent, variety and perfection of the specimens, in this country, and probably in the world. THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 27 knowledge of the Mandans is recent ; but, since it commenced, it has been unusually ample. The French Colonial records of Canada, which closed in 1764, and the English Colonial records of New York, which terminated in 1781, both of which embrace information concerning nearly all the Indian nations east of the Missouri, make no mention of the Mandans or Arickarees. Their position high up on this river, placed them beyond the reach of intercourse, even with the early traders and explorers, and their existence was unknown until about the year 1750. Lewis and ‘Clarke, who wintered in this Mandan village in 1804-5, gave the first definite account of the two nations. ‘ Within the recollec- tion of living witnesses,” they remark, writing at the Mandan village, ‘‘the Mandans were settled, forty years ago, in nine villages, the ruins of which we passed about cighty miles below, and situated seven on the west and two on the east side of the Missouri. The two, finding themselves wasting away before the small-pox and the Sioux, united into one village, and moved up the river opposite the Rickaras. The same causes reduced the remaining seven to five villages, till at length they emigrated in a body to the Rickara nation, where they formed themselves into two villages, and joined those of their countrymen who had gone before them. In their new residence they were still insecure, and at length the three villages ascended the Missouri to their present position, an a while the single village took a posi- tion on the southeast [east] side. In this situation they were found by those who visited them in 1796; since which time the two villages have united into one. They are now in two villages, one on the southeast [east] side of the Missouri, the other on the Opposite side, and at the distance of three miles across. The first, in an open plain, containing about forty or fifty lodges, built in the same way as those of the Rickaras ; the second, the same num- ber, and both may raise about three hundred and fifty men.”* This would give them, in 1804, a total of seventeen hundred and fifty souls. In 1832, Prince Maximilian, of Neuwied, spent several months with the Mandans, at the same village where Lewis and Clarke found them ; and in his worky+ givesa full and interesting account of their manners and customs. Again, about 1834, George Catlin spent several weeks at this village, and devotes several chapters * Travels to the Sources of the Missouri, &c., Longman’s Lond. Ed., 1814, p. 96. } Travels in North America. 28 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATH CABINET. of his work to the Mandans,* with numerous engravings illustra: tive of their domestic life. No Indian nation has been portrayed in such a friendly manner, nor from an equally advantageous stand-point. It has tended to place them in striking contrast with contemporary Indian nations, whilst in point of fact, they should be regarded only as an excellent type of the more advanced class of village Indians. He estimated their number at two thousand souls. Catlin’s visit marks the close of their prosperity as a nation. In the summer of 1888 the small-pox was introduced among them from the steamer of the American Fur Company, unintentionally, no doubt, but under circumstances not exonerating them from cen- sure. Nearly the whole nation perished before the ravages of the pestilence ceased. According to some accounts, thirty or forty only survived. Those who did escape, at once abandoned the vil- lage and occupied a small summer village two miles above, where they remained for a time, the length of which I have not been able to ascertain. They finally removed to the Minnitaree Village, near the site of Fort Berthold, about sixty-five miles further up the river, and on the northeast side, where I visited them in 1862. They then numbered about two hundred, and still preserved their nationality and separate government. In personal appearance they are superior to the Indians of the Missouri river, with the exception, perhaps, of the Blackfeet. Their successors, in the old-village, were the Arickarees ; some- times called Rickaras, Rickarees and Rees. They belong to the Pawnee stock, which at once separates them from all traceable connection by blood or dialect with the Dakotas, and all other Indian stocks east of the Missouri: Neither the Arickarees nor the Pawnees ever lived east of the Missouri river, as their tradi- tions affirm, except in a temporary winter village constructed for nearness of access te game and fuel. In 1804 the Pawness lived upon the Platte river and its tributaries, in three bands, known as the Grand Pawnees, the Republican Pawnees and the Wolf Paw- nees, and were estimated by Lewis and Clark to number five thou- sand souls.¢ Besides these bands there was a fourth, which had been driven south by the Osages to the Canadian river, where they joined their kindred of the Pawnee stock. It is new understood that the Waccoes, or Huecos, the Witchitas, Keechies and Towa- ches of the Canadian and Red rivers belong to the Pawnee stock, *« Nerth American Indians. Letters XI te XXII, V. I. { Travels, p. 76. THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 29 one of which is the fourth band above named. Gregg was the frst to point out the affiliation of these bands with the Pawnees,* which Turner afterwards confirmed by a comparison of the voca- bles of their dialects.¢ Gregg calls the Pawnees the ‘‘ Ishmaelites of the Prairies,” whose hands are against every man and every man’s against them. The Arickarees are the only known remaining branch of the Pawnee stock, except those previously named. Since their dis- covery they have resided on the Upper Missouri, far removed from their congeners, and have lived in villages with houses constructed on the Mandan model, and depending chiefly upon agriculture for subsistence. At the time of Lewis and Clarke’s visit they resided below the Mandans. ‘The three villages,” they remark, “which we have just left are the residence of a nation called the Rickaras. They were originally colonists of the Pawnees, who established themselves on the Missouri, be- low the Cheyenne, where the traders still remember that twenty years ago they occupied a number of villages. From that situation the Rickaras emigrated to the neighborhood of the Mandans, with whom they were in alliance. The rest of the nation continued near the Cheyenne till the year 1797, in the course of which, distressed by their wars with the Sioux, they joined their countrymen near the Mandans. Soon after anew war arose with the Mandans, in consequence of which the former came down to their present position.”{ They estimated their numbers at six hundred and fifty men, which would give their total number at three thousand two hundred and fifty souls. At the time of Catlin’s visit, about 1834, the Arickarees were probably near the mouth of Grand river, and, if so, a hundred miles below the place where Lewis and Clarke found them. He merely passed by their village, which he describes as follows: ‘‘The Rickaree village is beautifully situated on the west side of the river, two hundred miles below the Mandans’, and built very much in the same man- ner, being constituted of one hundred and fifty earth covered lodges, which are in part surrounded by an imperfect and open barrier of piquets set firmly in the ground and ten or twelve feet in height. The village is built upon an open prairie, and the gracefully undulating hills that rise in the distance behind it are * Commerce of the Prairies, II, 251, note. t Explorations for a Railroad Route, etv., tothe Pacific, III. Report on Indian Tribes, p. 64, t Travels, p. 76. 30 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. everywhere covered with « verdant green turf, without a tree or a bush anywhere to be seen.”* They were then probably living near the mouth of Grand river, although it is less than two hundred miles below the old Mandan village. After the nearly total destruction of the Mandans in 1838, and the abandonment of their village, as before stated, the Arickarees moved up the river and occupied this village permanently until 1861, when the destruction of Fort Clarke by fire having deprived them of all protection against the Dakotas, their hereditary ene- mies, they, in turn, were forced to its abandonment. They moved up the river to a point two miles above the Minnitaree village, and on the opposite or southwest side of the river, where I found them in 1862 actively engaged in the construction of anew village. It is back on the bluff, about half a mile from the river. The Minnitarees urged them to settle on their side and make common cause with them against the Dakotas ; but they refused, assigning as a reason that they, and their ancestors before them, had always lived on the west side of the great river, where they thought it more prudent for them to remain. The Arickarees are inferior to the Mandans physically, intellectually and morally ; but practice many of the same religious ceremonies of ‘cord swinging,” ‘dragging the horns,” ete. The remote affiliations of the Pawnee stock must be sought among the Indian nations of the Rocky Mountain range, and west- ward of this line, rather than in the central or upon the eastern side of the continent. These brief sketches of the Mandans and Arickarees have been introduced to show, that down to the commencement of the present century, they had substantially been shut out from intercourse with our people, and were still practicing their primitive arts and ancient usages. Even down to 1829, although reached before that time by the traders, they were so remote and inaccessible, that trade had made little or no impression upon their mode of life. They were still using stone mauls, stone hammers, bone implements and pottery of their own manufacture, as is proven by the presence of these articles in their houses. The instances are rare, however, in which stone implements have been taken, as in the present case, so nearly direct from the hands of their original proprietors. * North American Indians, I, 316. THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 31 ~The stone, bone and other implements and utensils, about to be © described, I procured at the old Mandan village above named in the year 1862, and they are now in my collection. IMPLEMENTS AND UTENSILS. Stone Maul.—This specimen (Plate I, Fig. 1) is 8 inches long, 58 inches broad and 4Zinches thick. It is oval, flattened and quite symmetrical in its proportions, and weighs 123 pounds. The stone is a water-worn granite pebble. The groove, which is neatly and accurately cut, is an inch wide and a trifle less than a quarter of an inch deep. It is not carried entirely round the stone, but inter- rupted for the width of an inch at the centre of one side. This seems to have been left to save labor, and also to indicate the han- dle side of the stone. When mauls are perfect in form and unworn by actual use it will generally be found that the groove is above the centre, about three-fifths of the distance from the ham- mer face, or end, wherefore the narrow section not grooved shows at once which end was selected for the hammer face, and which for the handle side of the stone. The groove is designed for the adjustment of a withe handle in its cavity, asis well known, which, after passing around the stone, has its two parts united and wound with raw-hide to form a handle. As the withe leaves the stone on the handle side before its two parts come together, nothing would be gained by carrying the groove entirely round the stone. Its omission also shows, by necessary implication, that the work of erooving a piece of granite was slow and laborious in the Stone Age. Such a maul as this would be useful for driving stakes and posts, or other work where a heavy blow was required. The ancient miners for copper on Lake Superior used mauls of this kind for breaking off fragments of native copper from the mass. This implement has worn down but little on the hammer face ; but it shows some use by a slight flattening of the lower end. It belongs to the class of stone implements distinguished as ham- mers; but its size and weight seem to render some distinction necessary between it and thecommon hammer. Among hammers it is, at least, a sledge-hammer. In Plate II, Fig. 1, A, the handle side of the maul is shown to exhibit the section not grooved. Stone Maul in Handle—Plate I, Fig. 2.—This maul is a more interesting. specimen than the first, because it is complete, just as jt was used by the Arickarees. It is an oval stone, more flattened than the one last described, 53 inches long, 5 inches broad in its, 5 Pe TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. greatest width and nearly 3 inches thick. The groove is Z of an inch wide and nearly } of an inch deep, and earried around the stone, with the exception of an inch or less on the handle side. It is a tough stone, apparently hornblende, and weighs 61 pounds. The handle, which, ineluding the portion fitted to the groeve, is 18 inches long, is made of an ash sapling split in the centre and rounded on the inner side to fit and fill the groove. After passing round the stone the ends are brought together and bound from the extremity up to the stone, with a rawhide band, cut in a strip nearly an inch wide. As thus adjusted and secured, the stone is firmly held, and can be made to deliver a heavy blow without breaking the handle. The hammer face has apparently been worn up about 21 inches by use. Such, at least, is the case if the stone was sym- metrical originally. Stones of this kind do not chip or fracture under blows, but pulverize on the face, and thus wear down gradu- ally. Those used for mauls and hammers appear to have been syecially selected with reference to this quality. In Plate I, Fig. 2, A, the face of this hammer is shown. 7 Stone Maul—P1. I, Fig. 8.—This stone has been much worn by use. The groove is now below the centre. At least an inch and a half of the hammer face has been worn away, which is the best evidence, either of the long period of time during which it was used, or of the great amount of service it has been required to perform. The groove is not carried entirely around the stone, but there is a slight concavity on the handle side. Stone Hammer.—The most interesting specimen in the series of stone implements, is the stone hammer, represented in Plate II, Fig. 4; since it exhibits an improved method of securing the handle. The stone is a granite pebble from the drift, as those previously described, in which felspar, appears te predominate. In length, it is 44 inches, breadth 31 inches, and in thickness 21. inches. With the handle, it weighs 22 pounds, and is about the standard size and weight of a serviceable stone hammer. A. withe handle sixteen inches long was first adjusted in the groove, and the ends secured by a rawhide string next to the stone. Over this a covering or case of buffalo rawhide was stretched and adjusted, consisting of aw single piece. It was first fitted around the handle, commencing at the small end, and sewed up tight with thread of sinew, after which it was drawn closely around the stone, covering the whole of it, except the hammer face, THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 33 and about an inch and a quarter of the stone; the seam being earried along the upper side of the handle, over the top of the stone, and down the side opposite the handle. Two-thirds and more of the stone were thus encased in a socket of rawhide, ad- justed to it, without doubt, in a green state, and the handle itself included in the same covering. It was sewed with a single thread of sinew, and by means of a bone awl, the thread being passed through the skin from the under to the upper surface on each side, alternately, and the skin drawn to a close seam. Stretched and fitted around the stone in this manner, when the hide was soft, the drying and shrinking process would give to such a handle great strength. It is so firmly held and so strongly secured that a powerful man might put his entire strength into a blow, without dislocating the handle. For efficiency and convenience, it is a much more perfect instrument than we would suppose could be made of stone. The hammer face shows no signs of chipping, but the ordinary signs of reduction by the process of pulverization. In Fig. 4, A, Pl. I, the hammer face is shown. Stone Hammer—Fig. 5, Pl. 11.—This a fine-grained granite peb- ble, with quartz predominating, and worn unusually smooth. It is 5% inches long, 28 inches broad, and 24 inches thick. The groove is interrupted for an inch on the handle side, and shallower than those previously described. That it had been used in a handle seems to be proved by the fact, that the hammer face is worn down, and also the opposite end. The stone, however, is inferior in quality for the purpose designed, as is shown by its chipping in two places on the hammer face. In Catlin’s Work on the North Amer- ican Indians (Phila. ed. 1857, 2, 463), there is an engraving of a group of several Indians, the person most conspicuous holding in his hand a weapon consisting of a stone like this in size and form, set in a withe handle. It was undoubtedly a war-axe, as he is represented in full costume; and it serves to show. that stones thus handled were used as weapons. Among our people a common name for a stone like this, when found grooved, is skull-cracker. The engraving does not indicate the nationality of the person, but from the text it is rendered probable that he was an Osage chief. Stone Hammer—Fig. 6, Pl. III.—The stone is a granite pebble, of a reddish brown color, 5 inches long, 3% inches broad, 3 inches thick, and quite symmetrical. It weighs three and a half pounds, The groove, as in the other cases, is interrupted on the handle side, 34 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. The stone is still within its handle of withe, adjusted and secured in the usual manner. About an inch of the hammer face has been worn down by use, and the superior quality of the stone, for a hammer, is shown by the smoothness of the hammer face, as worn by pulverization. It is a fine specimen. In Plate V, Fig. 6, A, the face is shown. Stone Hammer—Fig. 7, Pl. I{1.—This implement shows more wear than any other in the series; it having literally been worn out on oneend, and then turned and nearly worn up on the reverse end. It isa granite pebble. It is3} inches long, 38 inches broad, 3 inches thick and weighs two pounds five ounces. Originally it must have been at least five and a half inches in length. ‘The eroove was evidently interrupted on the handle side, and after- wards completed bya slight grooving of the remaining space. It will also be noticed that the two hammer faces are not parallel, which divergence may have been produced by reversing the han- dle. The original hammer face was that nearest the groove ; and the reverse end, which is blackened with charcoal, apparently by breaking up partially burnt fire-wood, was, probably, the one last used. Stone Hammer—Fig. 8, Pl. I11.—We have, in this specimen, a very smoothly worn granite pebble, 42 inches long, 3} inches broad, 21 inches thick, and weighing two pounds.. The groove isshallow and interrupted on the handle side, for the space of half an inch. It shows but little use, the hammer face being still convex, although worn down about a quarter of an inch; but a roughened and battered surface, 13 inch by 1} inch in diameter, shows dis- tinctly its use asa hammer. In the figure the ends are reversed. Stone Hammer—Fig. 9, Pl. I.—This hammer is noticeable for the great amount of service it has evidently performed. It is worn up nearly to the groove, on the original hammer face, and for nearly an inch on the reverseend. In another respect, it differs also from those previously described, in that the groove is carried, at equal depth, entirely round the stone. It is a granite pebble, 3} inches in length, 34 inches in breadth, and 22 inches in thick- hess in its greatest dimensions. Originally it was at least five inches long, with the groove above the centre. As each end has been used alternately, as the hammer face, it seems probable, from the completion of the groove, that it has been re-handled upon the THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 30 opposite side. The handle, however, is so adjusted as to admit of a blow with either end, so that the only evidence of a change of side is the completion of the groove. Stone Crusher—Fig. 10, Pl. I1I.—The form given to this im- plement is in part artificial. It is a nodule, apparently, of lime- stone. Upon the back side the hollowing out near the centre, is precisely as left by natural causes, whilst in front it has been ground out to correspond, probably by the use of sand and water. The evidence that it has been cut down by artificial means, is ap- parent upon the surface. It is 7 inches long, 34 inches broad, and 2% inches thick, in its greatest dimensions ; and 2} inches broad, and 11 inch thick at the concavity. It was undoubtedly clasped in the hand and used to crush or pulverize hard substances in a mor- | tar, or upon another stone. The stone is quite symmetrical in form, and the hammer face shows unmistakable marks of usage, with a small fragment chipped out on the back side. It is not equal in quality, as a stone implement, to those of granite. It appears from these specimens, that the nearer they are to a true granite, or with a slight preponderance in the proportion of felspar, the hetter will they bear usage. All of these described, except the last, were evidently pebbles from the drift. Stone Hammer—Fig. 11, Pl. I1.—This specimen concludes the series of stone implements. It is the smallest of them, 43 inches long, 13 inch broad, and 12 thick, and is of granite with quartz pre- dominating. The groove was exactly in the centre, and is inter- rupted on the handle side. It has one peculiarity ; the narrow side opposite the handle has been ground down flat, for which reason this side is shown in the engraving. For what object it was done is not apparent. The inferior quality of the stone is shown by its chipping in several places on the hammer face. The manner in which these grooves were cut, does not appear from the grooves themselves. In nearly all of them, the cut sur- face is so rough and so much pitted as to preclude the supposition that it was ground out with a rubber, by means of sand and water. The one last described is smooth enough to have been thus cut ; but all. the others appear to have been pecked with some harder substance. So far as any inference can be drawn from the grooves themselves, the work seems to have been done by the slow pro- cess of pecking. 36 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. Another interesting question remains with respect to the use of — these mauls and hammers. They are of different sizes, weighing from one to twelve pounds, and, of course, adapted to different kinds of work. The mauls were evidently used where heavy blows were required, such as driving stakes and posts, and would be indispensable in constructing timber-framed lodges. They would also be useful for breakizg up fire-wood. The hammers would serve a greater variety of purposes, such as breaking up the bones of the buffalo, the elk and the deer to obtain the mar- row, breaking ribs and other small bones, preparatory to cooking; pounding dried meat ; bruising wood to separate it into splits for basket work ; bruising bark, to separate it into filaments, for making ropes and strings, and for many other similar uses sug- gested by the exigencies of their condition. The necessities which pressed them for such implements, were met by increasing the size and form of the hammer until it was made to subserve the purposes of many different implements in civilized life. Ltk-Horn Skin Dresser—Fig. 12, Pl. IV.—Bone implements, particularly needles or awls, were much used by the American Aborigines. Whether bone handles and sockets for axes, chisels and adzes, were used in any case, as they were by the inhabitants of the Swiss lake villages, I am unable to state. M. Troyon shows about thirty different forms in which axes, adzes and chisels were thus mounted,* giving a remarkable variety of implements of this class. Aside from awls, needles and arrow-points, I know of no single implement of bone in universal use amongst the American Aborigines. The instrument shown in the figure is of elk horn, 12 inches long, 14 inch in diameter, round, polished and nearly straight. The projecting blade measures three inches in length from the inside of the handle, and the blade is 14 inch wide. It weighs one pound and one ounce. The smoothness of the bone shows that it has been much used. In forming the blade, the exterior surface, on both sides, was cut away, showing the brown and porous bone which forms the pith. It is, however, solid throughout. The color of the handle is a yellowish white. It was probably made after the Arickarees became possessed of metallic implements. At the time it was found at the village, Mrs. Culbertson, a native Blackfoot woman, informed the author * Habitations Lacustres. Plates III and LY. THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 37 that it was used for dressing skins; that is, for scraping off the flesh and muscle that adhered to skins when first removed from animals. It seems to have been a substitute for the stone chisel, supposed to have been used as a flesher. In the Smithsonian collection there is an implement precisely like this, but mounted at the end with an extra blade of sheet iron, secured by sinew, and in the shape of a scraper, for which the instrument, thus mounted, was well adapted. | Bone Moccasin Smoother—Fig. 13, Pl. 1V.—This elaborate and singular implement was found with one end inserted behind a rafter in one of the Mandan houses, and was evidently forgotten by the Arickarees when they abandoned the village. The same person, Mrs. Culbertson, found the article, and presented it to the writer, and pronounced it, at the same time, a moccasin smoother. It measures 131 inches in length, 14 inch in width across the handle, and 33 inches across the branches. It is white on the upper side, brown on the under, and an eighth of an inch thick. The handle is ornamented with a representation of two skin tents, and one of the branches with the figure of an elk. The remaining ornaments are simply dots burnt into the bone. It will be observed that the projections on the branches are somewhat trian- gular, being narrowest at the points of itersection. These may have been designed to hold the moccasin at different distances from the handle, while stretched over it for the purpose of rub- bing down the seam, and perhaps while in the act of stitching. A great amount of labor was evidently expended in constructing this implement, in doing which, some metallic instrument would seem to have been necessary. Buffalo-Horn Spoon—Fig. 14, Pl. [V..—The soup ladle, made of wood, is one of the most common utensils of the American Indians. It is used for eating soup, succotash and hominy, and also for drinking. This horn spoon was designed for the same purposes, and is made of the exterior sheath of the horn of the buffalo. It is black in color, 124 inches long, 22 inches broad in its widest expanse, and 13 inch in its greatest depth. In thick- ness it is one-eighth of an inch, and is translucent in places. It was probably softened in water, cut in its present form, and the handle bent slightly, and then allowed to harden in a fixed posi- ticn. The tip of the horn, for an inch and a half in length, is, in ' {Senate No. 92.] fe By) 38 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. its natural state. It was certainly a convenient, as well as a useful utensil. fron Tomahawk—Fig. 15, Pl. V.—The early traders introduced an iron tomahawk of the kind represented in the figure, among a Jarge number of our Indian nations. It is often found in Indian graves in New York and elsewhere, buried with other personal articles ; but it was never very highly valued. This has the usual stamp of the manufacturer on both sides of the blade, which, in this case, although nearly rusted out, appears to be 8 R. Since it is a foreign article, it scarcely requires any notice. WoopEN IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. Wooden Corn Mortar—Fig. 16, Pl. V.—The Village Indians of New Mexico ground their corn with the metate or stone grinder, by rubbing the corn with it upon a flat or slightly coneave stone adjusted at an inclination; but the Northern agricultural and Village Indians used a wooden mortar with wooden pounder to reduce their corn to meal. That of the Iroquois was large, two feet high, fifteen inches in diameter, and with a cavity which would hold nearly a peck of corn. It stood upon the ground, and the pounder was about four feet long. That of the Mandans and Arickarees was much smaller, sunk in the ground floor of the lodge, within two inches of the surface. Each of the houses at the Mandan village was provided with one, and sometimes with two and three of these mortars. The one about to be described, I removed from its position in the ground floor, and brought it away with me, with its pounder. It isa section of an ash tree, with the bark still upon it, 17 inches high, 9 inches in diameter at the top, and 71 inches at the bottom. The cavity is like the inte- rior of an urn, except that it terminates acutely. It is 9} inches deep, 5 inches in its greatest diameter and 3? inches at the neck or mouth, as shewn in the figure (Fig. 17, Pl. V). As it will hold less than two quarts of corn, about a pint probably was the amount pounded at a time. The pounder (Fig. 18, Pl. V) is a hickory stick, 41 inches in diameter, and 3 feet 3 inches long. In the figure the ends should have been reversed. To form a handle, the stick is reduced to two inches in diameter, leaving the upper end, for six inches in length, its natural size, to add by its weight to the momentum of the blow. It weighs 53 pounds. The small end, with which the corn is crushed, has a blunt edge. In the THE. STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 39 earliest period, corn was probably pounded in stone mortars and with stone pestles. When the wooden mortar was introduced, is unknown; but it is probable that it came into use before the epoch of European discovery. Ladder—Fig. 19, Pl. V.—The Indians knew the uses of the ladder, and some of them manufactured an excellent article before the discovery of America. When Coronado visited and subdued the seven so-called cities of Cibola, in New Mexico, in 1540-2, he found the people living in seven or eight large communal houses, each capable of accommodating a thousand or more persons. In the account of this expedition by Coronado, we have the first men- tion of the ladder used by the Northern Village Indians. Their houses were without entrances upon the ground floors ; but they mounted to the first terrace by means of ladders, and so to each successive story above; “and the ladders which they have for their houses are all in a manner movable and portable, which are taken away and set down when they please, and they are made of two pieces of wood, with their steps as ours be.”* The Aricka- rees, Mandans and Minnitasees use finely made ladders for the purpose of ascending their drying scaffolds before mentioned, and to the tops of their houses. There was one or more of these at every scaffold. They were made of two limbs growing nearly parallel, and severed below the junction, as shown in the figure, and set with the forked end upon the ground and the two ends against the scaffold. Depressions were sunk in the side rails to receive and partially hold the rounds, which were secured by rawhide strings. In this manner they produced a neat, strongly made and excellent ladder. They were usually from ten to twelve feet long. Willow Matting—Fig. 20, Pl. V.—Screeus, or matting, made of willow answered many useful purposes in the domestic economy of the Arickarees and Mandans. Willows grow abundantly in places on the Upper Missouri. From their pliable character and nearly uniform diameter they make excellent mats and screens. They are cut about six fect long, and, after being dried, are woven into mats by the simple process of passing two strings of raw hide or of filaments of bark, the one over and the other under each cane, both near the ends and at the centre, until a mat _ is produced from eight to twelve feet long, according to the use ——— * Coronado’s Relation. Hakluyt’s Coll. of Voyages, London Ed., 1812, v. D, p. 498. 40 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. for which it is designed. The willows used are about half an inch in diameter. This matting is used to cover the rafters of a new lodge; after which they are spread over with grass, upon which is placed the covering of earth which forms tte roof. They are also used, as well as skins, to form compartments for the seve- ral families which inhabit the same lodge, and for many other purposes. The introduction of the willow mat was a small inven- tion; but yet it reveals a tendency to improvement as well as actual progress in the direction of increased comfort in domestic life. Caches for Corn.—For storing corn, vegetables and dried meat, they excavated small cellars, sometimes by the side of the house, but quite frequently within it and near its walls. They are jug- shaped, the mouth being narrow and round, resembling in outline the cavity of the corn mortar (Fig. 16). They are usually from five to eight feet deep and from five to six feet wide in their great- est diameter. I measured one and found it six feet deep, and five feet wide at the bulge, with an opening at the surface two feet and three inches in diameter. It descended vertically about a foot, and then gradualiy widened out. As the soil was firm, it had not yielded or broken out in the least, and was perfectly fresh, dry and clean within. Whether the inner wall had been solidified by pounding the inner surface, I had no means of ascer- taining. They are undoubtedly impervious to water, otherwise they would be useless, if not positively injurious. Potiery.—In 1862 the Arickarees were still using pottery of their own manufacture. It was of a dark color, nearly black, While at the new Arickaree village, I saw them use earthen pots to draw water from the river. One of these, which would hold about six quarts, with a string adjusted around the neck, was let dewn into ‘the Missouri, filled and then carried to the lodge. It was of the usual shape of earthern pots or water jars, slightly contracted at the neck and bordered with a rim, around which the string was secured. Mandan Village.—This village was situated on the southwest side of the Missouri, upon a bluff forty or fifty feet high at a bend in the river, which here formed an obtuse angle, the river washing the base of the bluff. At the angle formed by the bend was the village plot, occupying a nearly circular area, and covering about five acres of land. A ground plan of the village is given in THE STONE AND BONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE ARICKAREES. 41 Figure 21 (Pl. VI). Around the village, except on the line of the bluff, was a stockade, ten or twelve feet high, made of timbers inserted vertically in the ground ; but then in a dilapidated state. It is situated on the prairie, without a tree in sight for miles, except upon the bottom lands along the river between the bluffs. Grass grows luxuriantly upon the undulating surface, presenting a land- scape of unusual beauty. Buffaloes were grazing at the time of our visit, within a mile of the village, a spectacle probably which had not been witnessed since the Mandans established themselves at this point: thus showing how quickly the wild animals return to their former haunts after man has departed. The houses were circular in external form, the wall being about five feet high, and sloping upward from the ground with an in- clined roof, both exterior wall and roof being plastered over with earth a foot and a half thick. In Mioure;22,/(P 1 Vid 2 ground plan of the Mandan lodge is given. These houses are about forty feet in diameter, with the floor sunk a foct or more below the surface, six feet high on the inside on the line of the exterior wall, and from twelve to fifteen feet high at the centre. They are timber-framed, and superior in design and mechan- ism to any houses constructed by Indian nations north of New Mexico and Southern Utah. ‘Twelve posts, six or eight inches in diameter, are set in the ground at equal distances in the circumfer- ence of acircle, and rising about six feet above the level of the floor. String pieces, resting on forks upon the top of each post, connect them with each other, thus forming a polygon at the base of the roof and also upon the ground floor. Against these, and opposite to each post, an equal number of braces are sunk in the ground about four feet distant, which, slanting upward, are adjusted by means of forks or depressions cut in the ends, so as to hold both the posts and the stringers firmly in their places. Slabs of wood or round timbers are then placed in the spaces between the braces, at the same inclination from the ground, and resting against the stringers, which when completed surrounded the lodge with a wooden wall. Four posts, each six or eight inches in diameter, are set at the four angles of a square in the centre, ten feet apart, and rising from twelve to fourteen feet above the floor. These are again connected by stringers resting in forks on their tops, upon which and the external walls the rafters rest. A cross section of the house is shown in Figure 23, (Pl. VI.) which exhibits the jnterior framework here described. Poles three or four inches in 49 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. diameter are placed as rafters from the external walls to the string pieces upon the central posts, and near enough together to give the requisite strength to support the earth-covering which formed the roof. ‘These poles are first covered over with willow matting of the kind previously described, upon which prairie grass was spread, and over this a deep covering of earth. An opening was left in the centre about four feet in diameter, for the exit of the smoke, and for the admission of light. The interior is spacious and toler- ably well lighted, although the opening in the roof was the only one through which light could penetrate. There is but one en- trance, and that protected by an Eskimo doorway: that is, by a passage five feet wide, ten or twelve feet long and about six feet high, constructed with split timbers roofed with poles and covered on the top with earth. Buffalo robes suspended, both at the outer and inner entrances, supply the place of doors. Each house, when occupied, was comparted by screens of willow matting or unhaired skins suspended from the rafters, with spaces between for storage. These slightly constructed apartments extended back to the wall and opened toward the centre, thus defining an open central area which formed the gathering place of the inmates of the lodge. The fire pit was in the centre, about five feet in dia- meter and a foot deep, and encircled with flat stones set up edge- ways. , iq co RS) aN ele (Sw) Lo Or Ow Wie Ole tole bo LED Warren Skeleton. Inches. 20* 7 dm ww I oOo oo Hie «Ole Bea BS 120 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. Cohoes Warren Skeleton. Skeleton. Inches. Inckes. Leneth oi lower tuberosity a..z sclera cre clsialeislintees einlcete a occ 124 135 dow supper articular suriace Clape) 2 ccm ems ce sete 12 14 do lower do dO NSS ois meen wees 84 93 Width do 3 TE Ath LUNE Pace ry 8 AP el So os Ball 84 do UP PET yA gyn te atevoto sce uenepenetevericle ree cet 63 7 Relative bull kc pegee a cissta art ere oiaieke eroleie oo co stclaveias Tito tio: ULNA cerca lady seeps tale ta cls Sane ie clavate iatehore iamicloreevapue teste Gas dete Ore 30 ood CARCMMMEKETHCEKAT COW) 2 ei a hnjelieks! kia bla yale dene bic ie eta he es auricle elem d43 424 do TOD KG CO Cera pS ERE ETO seus Sepia DOT RMI NUE ar ios 15 do HOWE OWI Nee 2 ACME 2 iealads ike vouched en cteleineirekenekeKeie 213 268 do MCE) OMUOLE CHAM OM sic ciel siete ele ekehoie leke te a7 203 Nadshyor-apperaruculan iSuntace ir) hs) vcle ie errelsleleeleya 84 3 iuoneer diameter of head of olecranon’... 2/22. 25.0.4. -6 84 10% Rve Meier OMG Sitch rot ciate ere ie tall slaise oi a/e-leile ei atoiecetere, 6 Loto az59 RADIUS Bern orb las seats Siete vaas Saskia w so 0 cin’ es aah ates wlanaliane onawardl ah ain eaves Puig 273 @imeummerencerat lower ead . ... 01. s 0 seis eyereie oss cieseis eles eere 17 eas UMCIEOUIMMMECNENCE acer oisic, «sss «ale elaparavedere weve ma cyomorees = Os Dimensions of upper articulation. |. 5 <.\<..6/c/-eiislereiies irene ote 45X28 Width of lower GO irs ine aoalel aievebeta tc uars nena eaveuae 8 3) Ve Lane MOM asaya a eles io. Gisis, 910.0 Slegels etertue eislers ato wiz RADIUS AND ULNA. Circumference. at, lower heads: stan ¢ of duos se ale La eieaecle ae : 28 343 FORE FOOT PEN Ol MCUMEMOLUNE oy. 2,0 4. cee Galiano cies se) \aiiais a oer 62 8 COS eh STAMOS evel e be tes are, 5 Steal en es Gib ey eee URIS aR § 53 6 LO FOU SUOMI. 0% ico sal ae ote se ete euecnye UGS abla & Gave OA OG 43 5g Wicdkthot-uncwtorme at top stront. a. en cen ccs cece tee clea 4g 68 NOs POSUMACMIIM 2 CO. (> ins te lacevai peers aiepelels a6 fee « m ecalere 5) Se Length of first middle phalangeal bone..............e06. oa 3i¢ Eve laine HOM’, Rie lecese ini eieitis ae alate Weaker ede: Ito 1.40 FEMUR. AST A ee i te deilaya' socal) wile cali Mse eiphelia atelcpsvals myolelehe eo a0 ‘ay deteia 413 45 Circumference about trochanter and shaft......ceeeseeece 274 Ole do at nddle on Shattscieeienes seers sluedecdauunes ie 164 do GLEN CCL ay oie ds vara vers Ralla caus oe ave nema nce i eiices, aEaile 193 222 Area Ol Head musi iWaremChes. . cc). c0 wisiee smi wate. siala ee 33 Ala Diameter across trochanter and shaft ......cecsecssccecs 103 123 dow, at muddle of sihattioren tema. a yets « ales cies ele). ee 6 2 do do USS gn CER Rta SI EAA a ES De as 38 38 Menethiof iner condyle Gape) chic sate wie + «ico a/eln nicer 93 do outer GP 2A ARIES SRD SAE AS SG LON ea fh 82 doi jpatellar articulationn@tape) a. ese cielo 2s «sec 5g if Whadth ofzcondyles.. oi Jtcitearadae anew HELENE SO did SAMOS 94 98 Relative bulk...........0- sesceesee coe eees 1 to 1.38 COHOES MASTODON. 121 Cohoes Warren Skeleton. Skeleton. Inches. Inches. PATELLA. Length of articular surface 0... ccc eeee cece re eeeesecens 4i 6 Width Agha dd ied lg dbs Je OE rede OF Fee ee A (Ren iS yA 43 6 MMIAOINEAIOCITGUNMETCIICE. foc ialele ces’s wv elelceces eect sedece WS 16 ReTC MINIs te koe S eo de csed Saeco ese ee. 1 to 2.25 TIBIA oD) SRO RAIRRRGR nm snnenr enter AMM neha er eis eles at aaah e ds 26 28 Mircumference at TOP... 0... ce scence cesssensecencces ; 26 29 do IAEA CULO ahaha cscs ale aie te a vorreiate, o satore etahetats ie 13 RUM UEMERTDC ssc cece wed es cv cesvoasmesns tole 2 FIBULA. Length, without upper epiphysis.........sssecesseceeees 222 233 PR UOMGE AL INIOMIC soos cw ce sas cere tee cece seeees Sz 63 PURI ac coc ccs ses cca svcsecrecses tor Leite HIND FOOT. Oe Mmm MMraR OSU NCTS «| 0 HR bo bo aoe’ EPOaonD PIP NWWHTWODO Om DON — — el DWH OOP WNW COON WhO 1 De « 2 es sie in . 8 © COW rH mhy- Little gravel. Little gravel. 2 holes; gravel. Gravel; 2 holes. Little g avel. 84, 85, 88 and 89, surround a large hole half filled with gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Empty. 92 and 93 are sur- rounded by holes nearly full of gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Oblique. Empty. Gravel. Little gravel. Empty. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Empty. Little g-avel. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. 20 shallow holes. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. es or oO Mwoowrwbd: Wey OCOPMOCNO.- . 6 . s e e feel et -I or SS cS baa | OO b wv Ww AROOWLIWORE ao SS) C=} (==) ed — ie 6) “I ww on (SU) test SOR KR HH NORFWODMOM TL, = fo) a I (ie) — = iio} Co py rot fet oo ae cS on Cm oP bs Wh ho fo) = bobo bo whe - bo SCFPWNNNNNNWWN DW OP ERWwWWOTN NNN OWN YF OOAPWHODPNWNNEe. sd oOo — =O Oe Om. vO (Su) REMARKS. Gravel. Series of large con- nected holes. Empty. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. 20 shallow holes. Little gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Little gravel. Empty. Gravel. Empty. Empty. Empty. Empty; partly drained. Empty. Little gravel. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Little gravel. Empty. Little gravel. 10 holes near 189 and 190. 2 holes; little gravel. Gravel. Gravel. Shallow holes. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. 5 shallow holes. Gravel; 2 holes. Gravel. Empty. Gravel. Empty; 6 shallow holes. 148 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. | Yo.on, Diam No.o iam. an an Ae | Depth. REMARKS. mae a Depth. REMARKS, ibe ain. fb. an Bie) hte ane ADE (ott 2 Gravel; 2 holes. ah em, 2 Empty. 208 byeleya -ees | 20 shaliow holes. 7Alitey ity al 1 8 7) Kimpty. 209 voce 3549 Shallow holes. ZAllS) ai 183 ig Gravel. 210 4 10 Gravel. 22) 2 2 211 1 2 Gravel. Hapa | aivl 6 Empty. 212 I 6 Gravel. 222 | 3 8 Little gravel. 213 | 0 4 1 6 | Empty. a | ey veh 8 Gravel. 214; 0 4 I 8 | Empty. 224 | J 3 Empty. 215 L 6 9 Empty. 224 1 3 Kim pty. 216 4 10 Gravel. 226 eet shee See 90, 91. ————S> Forms anp Proportions oF POT-HOLES. Fig. 25. No 218. No. 215. No. 10. No. 212. No. 214. No. 213. No. 217. Py ‘- i) ( (" \ Cy t i 4 0 , t ' t 3 wy lopagzcal x e A e . Coe, SERS ry a The above figure (25) represents some of the more remarkable forms existing among the pot-holes, recorded in the preceding list ; Gat they are drawn on a scale of one-fourth of an inch to the Corresponding numbers will be found ona map accompa- nying this report, a reference to which will enable the reader to determine their position and relation to other pot-holes. GHNERAL INDEX TO THE MeN UAL REPORTS, -xXxX ON THE STATE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, Exclusive of the Geological and Paleontological Papers. [Senate No. 92. | 12 % > ct Psa | Wa ae - Lid we LyaGi 4 ~ i ae 5 ies ie os ies . hae an ; fs ’ BS & 2 ri Mee alr: ie i - ad + on ‘ Ps “ i ‘ 4 i ; : i — eh. Pa ve TELE ea! ers ei bye. ita eee wee te | EVEL ‘ i wie re insigolosd alt. Fe sinless VE dB a args TO STATE CABINET REPORTS I-XX, INCLUSIVE. Senericmal redout on Conewango Creek... 2... 20. casneces bah AUN, Sxerdulous springs............... a See at ee ak aR ae eee eee ii, MEETS owe eo oe he awe see PREMERA RR ee XVIli, Acknowledgment of Regents to PREV TL. i. isco sve so jo ape! aye’ «= Patel daa a andates vinty an egaraeuiars: SX, Pre haries Martin, U. S.N..... grasses atalohuectatens Hea eee Vanly etd HAMISEY. .6 says eitevamsrueees a saa alk lie ob cana is an Sen; EX, Jol 2 SES eee ere ph perre mee merrier eee Xia, Bree eroaratota He Ke. oes secs aps witty ma ae dele ebibieyenys noe ea SD) oon paca wpe ht. soya Ammndet es Brig tamara eta ee a iahk aehal ata ete mee = aid wists eats ees Vil, (O13; xa Analysisof Belleyue Mineral; Sprmp;s..)) 76 {2.5 {7k eee eee Brine Spring, Galen, Wayne Co... 2.) oer ili, Kmpire Spee, Sakatoca. se ae wee ee o's! sae ill, Hematitie iron Ore. osc. . clea eas waa cen eee lV, Lodine Sprme, Avon, Livingston Co; 2...) 2... Tht Maenesia} Spring, Sharon, Schoharie Co. 4). 2.3). eee ill, Massena Sulphor Sprimgs.: 202k... oes oa ai ill, Richland Springs, Otseso Col... 2... aus eee iil, DCAPOMTC ST. cice'k ie alk bala bale ale is case eee he il, Sharon Sulphur Springs, Schoharie Co.........5. 05 oe. ill, Pelee eS ew wnges e leis! enlace vise: sul teva ee rr ill, Sulphuretted Springs, Rosendale, Ulster Co............ ili, Analysis’ of 97’ specimens ‘of salt'and “bre... 4.16): 2. eee Vil, Analytical table of New York Ophidians........... oes: eae au Vil, Ancient monuments im Western New York. ...:.... +: 5.5282 eee Xl, Ancient remains of Art in Jefferson and St. Lawrence Co’s. . ili, 101 ; iv, PRIMCIONG “ TORUWAY <1." stnje'e ohe o's\s a's. ae sin si okey wieislsee ie a nn Xl, LURCISPTOUON CONLOTLITE (LIMM) so o,0 5'e. «mle» cuaced sane Coeuek eee ay . Vil, PCYUOCeTUS A RAOUL)... ic. 4 2s os s,5.5 6 a's spine warty k ® ois ia XV1H, PAMCULOCERAS, STILTS ain ve eco 6 8 455 2 a6 8 ches ial oie oe eee XVIll, Andrias tschudi—ossil salamander... 09. Sues... <+ 05> ae XVlil, Annual mean temperature for thirty years)... ge... > ese ee me VAGLOMLE DUS TVAGOT sha oo.» oimys dais” sae pote lnielie ee) sans ia! ie be selina nee Pq gull TOMI OLNETULMNCOHENTLTITS «os 6 «6.5.0 whe ehol esas p,6'15/ey agente eae xviii, 40, Mnotia. Bonucti Irby... sa 8 on eh ek ee es oe oe le lv, Anthony, John G., catalogue of Shells donated by.............. xe qranetnrservey tt, 2 S30 ae a te eae eee te one a anele eto ule er ill, Paes een Satie Sk tie coulngensg 6 koe We nee im Soap «oka sac il, Pes Soc iag pee lat wc .os 2 sos ea 6 e eedele lc cies iss 4 5 inl rn lV, PEDS QUCTIS TAD 5. tio c ssi sels esnia coe «0 «i 92 en lV, asclepiadis* With Ps Se 222 Be eee ly, ber beridis Viton! 6.28 PPLE ets (See ee eee Iv, betulecolens Bute oe eee 6 oe esete ee eco eee Vi, brassice Toi OS Bese oo win eee ies ene eee lie Aphis COrGst WA a o's ek ewan wiete ee es a niale « 5 aie te ereraaiecie eta iv, cerasicolens Witch. i. iii... le Bee cis ciatsim aU sureiind Rig pean eve eam EW 29 21 13 | 20. 25 || 23 || 64. | 14: 48° 110 120 115 | 110 110 111 | 112 112 J 135 | 111 | 137 | 112 | 104 103 | 109 13a 1 125 | 65 | 65 INDEX. mages cornifolee Witch *...*.'.'s'. ss". ieureenr ee ere Re eee e wae oS iv, mene mnece LE WCCLE tate teeta Sus se elt cin set se eas s = t PIN, Mae BAY a des ek ts Peed eee Sake are ae, ee Lie ee EW, momeeolens VItC. .. sc. cs ea 6 Braise che Meet ee a8 Seat tag fy IMR EBUCI cy (oie a's C nsialeve asia nine wa owl aie'ale'y sg die ws IV, Mere RUSCH... cco ads svse 6 gies cae e Ge aieche ait a Bee at af UNG Peeeereipolie With cise e ee ce cc eee tedualen erate oN, MRO GU AAT UNDA SAY. as eee te teeta seen ent e naan iv, Ariocrinus Parkinsoni........+. POU RUERS EAT Cet ee h ee eee XVlil, MCF ESOCCHENT. 00 a a ce ae te eee ae AP EL de BS SME Sy Armadillo, Fossil..... Sts ae so bide dana a ape sae NEM aia XVill, Smemiice a0 wrist bands, Indian......2..:...60-.cdcece tees ny Arrow-heads, Indian ...... “ApS ies 3c SRA i LE asa aet A. We Oleg Its MUMMTEUMOEN IM ec ca ee ct tne ew ia ns Be get date ote Tiny Gye MeO IMUIAN . 0. cc te ttt tte enes degre ee ae ate v. Menton salt, analysis of'/./.0.0002.. A evae ayotalas e Ciare uaa ae ein ene MMe IS SFICCIOSIIS 0. ww a tees ceis pee ecesemensauees Xviil, Bememedes aotei7s Fitca so. fe ye eae enue Stine evs Weer witch: .: Bee one acacatans Picea ain a ance sack aati ly, BeOS ORCC coc ic cs as seh era's Fp ace wee ee aes We nin ein iv, PMO PIUCH cop ea secs s Eisen es Glare ec oStanae ee nate ae A Ne nmierinas. Witch......< pate Steer ae 0 quasaleua ec a magna? Iv, @angaoois Fitch....... Aer b rk Seepe Kaela e eyeraitare epanuter mcr Ae Aulacizes noveboracensis Fitch.......... HARE a a pC Berane arate lv, MES IGIUINCS SAY. cae ee tet tw teens aie ne cae rare lv, mmroras and Halos, memoranda Of .. 6.2.0.2. ee es XVI ot S| XViil, Mamord Porealis, displays of: ::.05 260.0... MV, 405 xvi; 220s yx, Peutromalite....555:. sii te i ae Me pet Dae a Bee Fees os ER Ge ti at iil, EOE ee lee cone Sadie ss cases ee cme Pees Me el, Whi ES le ee es cee e eee ees Sere Ve Semereriarnan 12 eral hella. Be yi | ae Baird, Spencer F., description of a Mole new to the State........ XV, donation of Salamanders tothe Cabinet................ V; ume Tork, cerpents.”.''.'.'".!4 sess SOE BS Vil; Dall-bat, Indian .:.... Caled as ae ee deat FALSE Ce aS ae ee ae lil, ark barrel, Indian:,...... We reer ans cates ears Baik sh So waa'a netVy Bark canoe, Indian... .. ne eS re Wee A oral at Seat ear a urtearceda Ws Bark house, Indian....... Pa ee ak te LEPC ELLE a Tae en v, SS GL CTE Gilg an a a a gee Pitot geaenren v; Srerk tray, Indian: )<::: Shea ae de Cae deh pees Se ete ees Veet sa TE Barometrical observations by Chester Dewey... .......++2.....XVii, Mee criphete OL FUP Cerri esi rh tine: SED aye dda Br tae yal o cosas Bascanion constrictor (Linn:)—Blacksnake ......... see eee eee vii, nent” Rudra OP ek AA eS we ale des geal A eee v, BATHE eid sceeec cue ee ue ke BR AE RR Se SOO eS ranma 7 153 23 108 118 154 INDEX. Batrachoidichnites Deweyt Hitchcock...... siete bin oie fee ONE cua aN tele ieguanll beads, indian, ‘silver and glass). \ ss. 12. fe seem a it aes pus 1 Beaver-gnawed wood, donation of, from L. H. Morgan... ......xx, Beck, Lewis C., catalogue of Minerals of Geological survey*....i, report on the Minerals of New. York. 0 (ie .)2 tae) ee 1, Beck, T. Romeyn, zodlogical specimens from Lake George........ bly US CU CHUROLES WOLCEIEU ic Tee Ae orca laiaiibimie aleve (Java le ideaya mee’ stake saute lt pes peel ibelleyue Mineral Sprine)anal ysis: of fet. eee ae sida, cinie tiene iil, PP CLOLEULRES: SELDCOSEAL GOL Maleisia) «oto core a. des ot Saketeletieh ae Neen ee XV1L, Bett, Maen g ee ie isle lesen db ede a elk ae whe IRM e ice lets ok i Birds, added to Cabinet, by donation, 1, 6; 11, 19; ii, 21, 22, 40; iv, | v, 182 vi, 20; viiy U7: vant, Quien added by purchase, 1,5; 11, 138, 19; mi, 14, 15, 21; iv, 15, 20, 225 y, 18; vi, 10,20; vii, 10, 17 ; vin, 10; ax, Oem American, described by Audubon, not observed in the State, iv, catalogue om mm the wOabimete nae 2. <0 cule a ane eve cgunioig Reine earliest appearance of. ......... alesis eal 2 ss 9 aah lan or eaes donated tothe Cabinets... . cl. o-cepcenen 1V 42 2 ee esaslish ot, in the Cabinet)... 6.0. 0.4405 ee XV1ll, inhabiting the State, deficiencies in Cabinet. . xiii, 15 soe Vl number of, credited by: Dekay to the State.......... ose shits of the DeRham collection, catalogue of............:..; 1V, ot New Mork: moticed in) Mamers.. ....4 accep eee XVI, reference to writings on,...... mace ele eileen a Sss0he apll ea ill, tracks of, from the Connecticut Biter Valley ow: scum Vill, Bitumen inte Genesee: Slate oy ao. eke cee ee 5) ci Bony Pike—Lepzdosteus bison Dekay.............+: aceite sr adeegs EM Bila miver isd vam) sou. a SS AUN SAN TANI ARNE OH log Hea eee o Ltt Oke Blacksnake, deseription and synonymy Of ............0.-seenee Vile! Books im‘the Cabinet Library, Jan. 13806... ...... 0... tee—o ore 5x, PSAOEN COU IA VOTESTV OLS: ba) b's «i easele eiehe ois) a siete, «6 cle score eel ee XVI, Botanical Department, additions to, by donation, iv, 71; vi, 24; vii, vill, 47,48; xvi, 135) xvan, 21: xvini,ol ds cio eo ion AML OU ELOWS: My PUIC MSC 4 alge) cere Sel aha cea Vide, De Aye ee Boranyereterence tO writings ON... jaca cee. clots sme iil, 154; v Botnychium lanceolatum.........+.- a eM SAS ea cal oieiniiah acne ae XVlil, Bow and shaft for making fire, Indian,..... ie ste le on 5 Ul, ROBE CIMOMAW cio a ')e gale ve teenie a ajlarie de Je kalba bene pemeleptatiene ib ieceieke eopageaene is segeplilea Heya ei LUAU ss, sire Meshes ye rite fo\e als Li 1 a sa LRU Mins wit ano tein fe 70 eg lil, Bradypus didactylus—Sloth......0...++++- sn in'0 re iho foe toga Beead-turner, (Indian. 625). 2 os syle eee ees sais Pe Vig Breastplates, Indian...........-. bls athe i etic a ea Lily Gogh me Breech-cloth, Indian........... pal he abe pol’ eer pe lil, Bumes,yanalyses (Of 0... oes lee 9 ae ose me yaa sis « je oho asda one ays EUG eo, 110 | * Separately paged. INDEX. Sromerenrims Galen, Wayne Co.is 96. cece soles eee ts 4 ell both mia Brine Spring, York, Livingston Co....... PE SG OTe oe OEY EER sek peeeeety cM British Museum collection of Mazatlan shells, duplicate-ofoi st . je: Xiil, Bruyas, Rev. James, radical words of the Mohawk. Language, by,* xvi, Brysocrypta hamamelidis Fitch....... aigie bein Bin silent ahs arr be ds iv, BC WONT LC cine blo jwirs{s; sel wed see adotadapaporsttes ‘sidadsrtioupncl oe WS eee ill, Building Stones of New York in Economic collection........... KK MM etaeras PA CMTOTICISIS (CONT. ) so» +s eislisy hh ofall obayatied Sed japhiv be axaiboe's vil, Burden-frame or litter, Indian. ...... abagurveed ‘i chibs: EY Geyorah: aetna. v; RemeGlemsraps, LNGIAD. facie ee. wpe nied ovppmle dye one Se a dover litte ies 2° Wy Bush, Mrs M. A., Marine Algze presented to Cabinet by.........xx, Buttons, Indian..... = 5 GENER ORR A RNR ES NE Mtr rma ag Nts, Wetle. cote tie a $s iit peer hoscopus GLEN ATLUS,.SAY.,{/» 04). « b iiaike Badin hhava tar emantedid ings great ged s iv, MEMeMEAUS SAV sates bjs. 4b » chow afore “wine “ell ieee den bet iv, SMM EI ns ch past Ie days snyatebonid opie aie Salk bee pdiate veeast begede « lv, Bae PURE. 4 ys «RWS ~ekl otererdd pe tchorielegeh mined iv, PE PMO 0104 eperdiarnispayd Six.eserd yaa aikliaie a ikde bia wechanedd b « Iv, Biches, Moet wmneanthinor ks; 4.) 0sdields aids ase ahaild ole s slip Ay .45, 0 Ee in yc! Sn sibrors pee faemtransl earl ill, Cailliaud, F., BE raiion of Phiolas. ates Ot sen 2 ddath od PSs voter. vil, Calcareous Baek (in catalogue of Geological Department) aang. a malcareous spar, new forms Of. ....... 0000s eee. ah fat L226. iv; ee SEMAIIE, COUN. of ojo jacare)la} oirib'e, mdb efsiigel Gare sib dow al ow ve Vil, Campbell, Rev. Dr. J. N., zodlogical collection from Lake George... ii, AGNES LALIPCS': Firs baie vd eine ele ties Ashen tee hiseceh pa WI, See Wadian,........... acc idtaetataeh s isistthiogk sade the auld BAL IRS | Vv; MNT ed SPINS acs win ew Raion) eleie fe rel giovors om leisend | Aavew raed Me ill, Memnomme acid .......,+% Hades eh: caiinintk Aa medaeies diaseee ill, ee 70 PLOTISI7 VALS CLLZDECCA wine & oo) 6:4 9; slo wi el ores & ofa swish de ea ULES SE Sal's se By joke asda bse beware déeit} olle XV1l, MOE aiwiral «sayeth aberer minis ois ee fer ee ae ere ameort ubley XVlll, LEO 2 a Ta ee Eee EK ya Ba taalaqis abla XVlil, syurnocephala........ Beh ee IeRE PaO ge =iicey hi Roi Vale PORT CUE ami 02's ene Suaitel steele ih cea oaonasts aie. dt aay, SMUT MELO eee wisi GR oshibets bin pata sha E Xda De ey fo tts, sksinens passe cericl'e ba 'e sia apetacetente 4 wise aaa Steet OE earices, from Henry B. Lord......... ita sedcccuea mtegaee teh. oats, cose Carices, from Rev. Chester Dewey, D.D............. op 4 ar cel eae: Carpenter, Philip P., British Mollusca, purchased of..... ap se leila Bane | british Possils, presented by... . <2... pee thiin sab XU, collection of Mazatlan Mollusca presented by..... Be se id. Carving implement ReGra cam! Andra, NOMI, iio a'sciis, 5. a-a4 4 ecocel Seren Carynota arquata Se ha adios wiles oie so REVEL * Separately paged and inserted in Report xvi. + Separately paged. 156 INDEX. Cary nota Mera Say in eee oI OO dala nv ele yO ie ee Casts of fossils added to Cabinet...... A SMe ANN a Ba Cre ee Me ee ie Catalogue. of, Aloe Seotiese oi. ee Ae ee vil, Books: in library of Cabinet, 10 1866.00.00. 00005005" xa Cabinet of fossils of -John:-Gebhard,) jr (0. 0. 6 ee vi, Conchological specimens presented by Dr. Charles Martin, vii, DeRham collections 4 Va eu eo eR, St ee lil, Fishes inhabitinge-the States-..<¢: ¢000 0.0.2 Ye ae vill, Fossils from. -C: Grosvenor: / : (ooo oe ee Xii, Geological specimens of the State survey*.............. i; Geological specimens from England .............0.n0< Xl, Historical‘and Antiquartancollection «: 26/006. 6c e5e eenie Indjiaw articles: presented ‘by 1. -Motean)) 2... i, Indiar articles: procured by i. .. Morgan). 0.2 ee i Indian relics of the collection of Dexter Marsh........ Vi, Tnsects in-the-Cabmet; Dec. 1848;::.:2..005 ) SS Rae Insects of the sub-order of Homoptera by Dr. Fitch...... Iv, Mammals and Birds in the Cabinet in 1848............ i, Mineralogical specimens of the State survey............. u Mosses-of the State sive ssoowecnt ses beet Oe Rix: Mossés presented by Charles H. Peck...) 0)).. XVill, New Red Sandstone fossils from collection of D. Marsh,. . vii, New York Fishes from the Smithsonian Institution....... 1x, New York Reptiles from the Smithsonian Institution... .vii, Paleontological specimens of the State survey*.......... i, Plants of: the State in the: Cabinet... 6.000006 ce Sees iy Plants of Oneida county and vicinity........... a: Reigen collection of Mazatlan Mollusca.............. x1il, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Cabinet in 1850........ ill, Shells (fresh water) from John G. Anthony............ xv Shells from the U. 8. Exploring Expedition ........... XV, Shells presented by the Smithsonian Institution........ XR, Celestine, new localities of secreceeer etre diie is tet eee ili, Celuta amena Say—Worm snake..........00 0s econ ofiste Malelaiee Vil, Cemetery,” Undians .: $20 05 7755: KOS MR RS ond Cir Xili, Cephataspes Eyella 2852509 COC Cee eee 1a at eee KViU, OLS 610) Ce et aa eI eke me ahi UA RRRIGrn ET yc iv, Cevresarbubaiusy (Habe) ie rss Se eres ec ws e's oe SU eh oe er iv, Ceresaiditeros Bayete) Oa See ees aes tes Pry bra Iv, Cerpus aices Tari =Mooset Fe ot UR Wr ee de biota Gieve aucheee cee v, Chabazite........ tA ec ETN OY eater ot. aie ane ete ee eee ill, Cheirotherium Barthi..... Se er tia se uss a ole atte ae Ene ee XVill, Cheney, T. Apoleon, geological and mineralovical specimens from, . xiil, * Separately paged. INDEX. Cheney, T. Apoleon, historical and antiquarian specimens from... xiil, Meer wes. LIAM. oa oe alee oo !d bis Bik wot ed Bee Ath, Ay A il, Chlorosoma vernalis (Dekay)—Green snake........... Si y RMA Neh, MPONGPOGILC, 2 nse w ces eves ya ic NI CAR ae? pant 119, 130); Chrysoberyl....... A NIN tk nats te MED ie hehhuad oreo Oily orale i Ouadea canicularts Harrisvc.sc ice ices gid Agee ey ot SUE Ie ge 38 PTULNOSA SAY.....0. Aer et male whe es Pe ath OSI gO SIGE TERY, Iv, MOOS AY iio dine tee Gb os PSU oh Ma oak Ck aM Ae ee Iv, Pepremaocinm sins $f ee URE Re ads Se st iv, 40: Xx, a aie edge ch eetiio a's « br RE UE yi ap LAE UE eet ke eR iv. Circular of Regents requesting contributions to the Cabinet ... . xvii, Dees ampunctaius Fitch. co ccewes ieee ee eee REL AEE AAR iv, Beem Eubehs > see eee be es SE ROE Sa ier ae Ne mR HR te: Lani la lv, GHINGUCLINEGLUS SAY ove e recede acces Pe tA ts ee Se ae SSA BAY lL o owas BRL NEES Soe h area, wet AS lv, Clastoptera cincticollis VWitch...........06. eis dathlenhate ALY . lV, EIS BUCCI hac tstaveiatstesevere cones gir in Mle ote ee OES lv, me emecole7s Melee d oc ERs awh lt elds el bterah etek ee LN, Sah TOS AUT is tinh, rw rvs va dein OS 6 Liv hin ap po sla E UM etey a LV, BPLUSE SOYon i. oa ae yal wild lh 6 tee eh etl de. CAL eet ite Witch... .-.-. one 1G 4, dees with EE Ct FR es lv, PARR HIGH oie dia (EWN lc tw A al Wik, eR, fay ly REGO WCB x cb onei sharers ate wide ote Ont BOER gg ah chides BL lv, Be corolla iobservahions.ON.-..jc... 6. .s wean are’ J ileleeias saddle vill, Clinton, George W., list of plants of Buffalo and vicinity by...... XV, ic paipa:rn,taie, paste Saiteaiin 4 fo ted ai SYD PUR Ta as Gee eo Bo. IY, Coccus arborum-linearis Geoff. .......+ sap P , 1G: 1V5 salects. Witch. ... +. aide w: aha Reka RETIN AM ie Beta weed a AY Rare NN CECI heh ig (oie uy ku bok Hoe web StD od wd, shiv ote op dlaaraee< lV, MR CGENGIILOTID. DAY. ceca ss vce ceesie nde a WOME Lalu cou Sheath ca AMERD I 5 TNs Celidia subbifasciata.Say.........ce eens GOS SS Miva whe oy Sane aS, 5 LV, Coins donated to the Cabimet............ DG Nis je deearere Pad Ki AV, AERIS ss phi scienwsnenrainaraviore a » POSING Fore e a | ange sh eb libed biCdex, Columbite,. new locality...........+. 6d Asonag aerate eee T,. Artin Collection of H. Cassimer DeRham, Jr......... PRIS, yb ok, ale Collections of minerals and fossils for Academies, recommended... xix, Membustible tases... 26k ee ee eke cas as SRN vw, ° 49 MeL | Elon. Lames Sige cialis esis ior wcsin wae Mheiabive snl. « pla OIE i VN ML VATIL Si 1as diss geceauunsvobexerersiacy ecw celG ON MahdGdi One « vu, 4 MRP LATO :o) ca:.5sciyaucteneyassiewoiiesndern orp ot od aia? wrt 6 ot ot bh ot Sretetahe! ates lal elm Ode eee ee. nD Reb IY MG cach st arena siaterwvararst eter devas ls WSBT ex, | EG Deron Laws ada ne ss dere dedueiaas fa POPS lee ke 3, 108 Mires ANGREd Dien sr renerareretir atiretytetere Pore Mido baw Ue MeN a. « iv; 146 Dyeyivis > AGM Ws Hone occur er cetet eter tated atet nar De Pe ES ss We 0G Darling, J. Diaicssesscsacceageess Mgnt kee vee ie, ae 162 INDEX. DONATIONS TO THE STATE CABINET: from Dayads & Sons, Benjamin’ 4. nee. i. 9 eee i,’ ae vats, A 3 WW oie |e sesial lara ov'e'rwciacesioe eh tate MOEA Mel! PUIG St SO eg x, 188 Dresun. Nioatly Sa isuivekoveus deaonuckeenkouoncncua Ge Seon ae 2 eae xvi, ~20 AVC fi ellie OLIN i ae'sw y sens se vageinvnsiin telat, AMET E Oe Us ene yet Mow b NV 4) Wo ischvcs issue soteneusuanosens wake ee WAR Cat ecm) ateeet ieee xix, ag Deneyster;, Grete 5 |W atts. cinlnersenve aici a ecules alee Vile De- Brat, Ay Ca shea coe Sisieis eal ert aicen cee Ore iit, lee Dewey, Chester... ....eieccc0recoretoies 0, tenese oR) Od REA TA Tee eect Deerpe ya, Se Aube Ws eceisig ieierteveianysparerencbl ails Ate. alee iv, (98 Diamond Slate Co. of Granville... ... oti... See Vell! ce Diekson,, Mi De Samuels oid sash ve aco itec shel take ea Will.) Ane Dix. Hon; John, Ave ow dod oe ws aw wile wee Ws 1s DD anne AG IS ou aclej esses ov rccoreeet svicd eblorvenoree ale toh at nyu Vig Dodee , Hoty.) Hwan yen. syscu acsveiis ev oro oa sos ey eee xii, 108 Doug lass,, Ase, Wy essay ce sccreucesvevohohsveyac onveun sires DNOMap a NOE taal xii, 109 DreisbachElerr.) sc c-elon «do dw ae Gee leeks See kee 2,5) Drennany)S..H v caew cies sxc e ete ene da a) See ee ete Dy cays Wet i arate nk ak aos, wn ome ag wid. geal Re > aH B Map Diver, JRobert, Spemeer sravercrerecenariot oer avat ety sel alee) ate tga vi, 34 Hames, Hom. Moses. oc css 0's 4640.6 0 Ge i coe ix, (45 Haton,, Prot A. Koos seas ol bie dacos so th ROSE Oa x, 188 TY SVN iin, baie ie wild 5 bing oa ees GRR gia ii, 49; xi, 44 Hi Viswmortih,, Om ii .veseee severe sspawoveueesranenevorsecwcicde «twits x, 190 Mimietiyy Us Boas simp x slave sa 908) ep re SiR ware: ane SN a a ne ee ly) 20 Himeny, Diavad ¢ ow < scp ees otis oe siereue © oa ee in,’ a0 Kmimons,, Prof., Bhenezer. icc css 2 200 oe eee eee iV, Mila INGOTS , 5s c Riss, sncncuenlesaveregess ocaaseacinan ewe hous} oxsaedan ahh Get alam vo we Bhimole lan Gs WV os os et cycueuancuses fap gevecs.ceslelutbhas bse cf RARE xvi) 20 VERSO il MOMMAS | oy ate esau a glchlicioew oie a ne Seas [hes RX Bish) Hamilton, . os s0 os9 arecetale diate ’s pS 0leGe ae Vi a She ACE. si io pkeious bic alee cian ep divi 0a. eee Xvi, side ite. Avex anger is si ues sane vi, 241; Winget ee hen IND Deca eh etc ieee eae epeue sa 2) aie li; Db gay, Zaye Hite: olan ue ee iil, 29; iv. (9, 803 vinZ42 Ta nee Bogelsonger,, Wendel... 6. 204 s)+ fd «sedate «eee xii, 108 Roote: iewmiseal sss ao Giald eceeueetete biel gael aan ee apa 5) Oi, Mea Or asia si sie sae cal ae loiaee ii cae Sharebee vpeiied Bakke x, 88 AUR AG tS ANSE eco doco cy halal a ae iey cre: si git name siete Pas 11,4 OW Wrench. (Abe vy dics sss lwo eua ius sao wy 28; vi, 9 24 Erothing hain g WoW, vio eure ackueueus vue Cae Ris Hay, Bryer, sage Vi os, ORRIN AT RReRPMDTEC -° vii; hO/S) vin, 20 Gatfer, Williaa Mogi. o os scace pease ice 0, decd en eee a eee Vill, Yoo Gallup &, Machin. «4.1 .:0,0/s/eleceueye, unis Coleus dele ene vii, 42 Gardiner, Henry, : «2,000 ce cuseee + Bee ee bs vay le Gayity cr onm JHas we yicuee i ales oad aca ne au ee An ghana ele vili, 30 INDEX. 163 DONATIONS TO THE STATE CABINET: from Gebhard, jr.;, John, iv,, 973. vil,.O4, 013 vill, 25, 295i%x, 42, 48 REF MACON y gini9'eaints: acaisioraiatelars Moat ereh O deadiakla. SO Peet RemeMe ELOY MD ..\ oh sn plana aniusudiinilavek PAM Moly DOMMES ae Ma AO BPMN ROE 15) bow glgiaiesarie\al sietphe ave wan einer etree. « William: 22.e06 2 AY. wi, 20 axel «a tees sae ree SUES AWE ieuwd,. mm, 25 New York State Agricultural Society.......... 60000. | De Pierson, Hows Pe W iscceccccce rece Sea. RS amex 2d. + Davids sic. ..cescautess cao see Vv, oo Blecchowp. FA Bestest atecels sehen aw Cd Six iv, 9S: xv, 13 Peas Mhavle@ins:sszcccccidesaap hse SRP tiyees.... m (bs Momsen-«Dy. Peter -Bizccceaccciciaasnseet ii.’ ivi93; vi. 33 MPR NSh oe OUT See as oe x aad See bee tad ee ¥; 38 jer: Be Hisnoececvceerece scat Ole ahs ahecedad Laie vil, OF either O pt sicencceereapieeress side ad, Qa... See Re el Ene I a s+ aor crg carpets ett tern viace' ade amen eUe, Ville, oe prion, Fe nels Ble B,D. seen x me eed a Oe ole mamhes xx, 16 Msiwander,. Memias sees ees cs cod ih fs dee wii, 25, 36 Remy A ai atde Wil eens ahaa btw ee ee on cde Bee IRD. . ix.) oe Paie..d r,s Revs ehohy A .cncncn nme eee es ts ae gzxvan, . Peele COT te ei ask x oa es ye Lex Uae Pehe wees sa cee [Senate No. 92.] 13 166 INDEX. DONATIONS TO THE STATE CABINET: from Parshall, Psnaely ¢../5 sera se cncy mere cu deta aches eee ee 11, 67, 68 Payne Charles El 5 21 2us/st ash 01 oansvcuonensuelmor a teeta < shh eee xx, de Roy, James... . rated faiieklenieae fy chaepiln een ix, I5yee Russell, Joseph. «oo... c.0 6: ae sc Sppe afd ia ahiva bo: oilclena heme v, 28 Salisbuny, J. Tics... o 60s eos eyes « shieyeeee « eee ee xvt, 1s Saltus, Wrancis:.. sci... pie laa wise aces obd at ers A1v, oe Sargent, Jacob... sceeeseeecsecereeeeeecccseeees i, | OF Ryle, Ei ice al halle a cual eee lae at iS we eee ix, 47 Seattercood) Tb. Vio jeu scuuieaiels eat cune «oft MALL oe Seattersood, Joli: Heo jys.c.<, saves, a2, <:5 “yapras ee “ie eee Vv, oom! Scotto yo ee vedekeeecess f20a¢ cee xx, aio Belkin key TWA a sus uagaueseceveusbusdels yale d te bee iaiane ne Bie x, 188 Selkinks ., MeMullen.. oss ¢ eciactl< ) VElie ere ra fcr SM Ae OT ce igs e ateiete meters xiv, 14 USE 1 LG Sy lI Pe one PP a i ra ae ell, 4a Mr eimicr son hr... sa ke ek kek baa: acer tareeceteee ered 1k, poe Srerre temuUel:. i. ibs. 2s. te Bi chgeayeny senso he ars not Sania ROE “nd FEL Sol acy 2 Bat RG aR REM Cr anaes eae Sheed Lote 8 “iE, LS Stevenson, M.D., Matthew.......... ahs OER RA vii, 69 Prewene. Vi ti wdsems. cb ee ee SS Oe OEY SA ne ae Will, el OG Sar A a a A A x, 188 etickler; PheodoreS...25..%.5%2% ee ee Lee ix, Om Pema HMR gets et ee wee wee ewes ees Abas eee 4 oN, oa ROM MORE RA eek ba te eee eae ee CI Su. vil, 46 NSS, Oats seria a i ae ANU er ag Vil, oe IRIE: FILET CS 888." ora aleh aoa st atalaial eds babs ed e's whe wet vii, 42 Pmewheme eV iseher: ss sess seis hase ae eee eee xx, Lo Boma OV a hinern Br he et ee ee he ead Oe hn vii, 69 ee eeeOMe WGA 3.52545 LAR e sero ce es oe ne © « Vil, oe CTO CS no aa PUN te Pater i aI a ardenteh ae vill, 29 - Rei bore OV eek Sta. 8 8S elas Se RR: i 605s", 67,68 Teed, Theodore..... genrnenes aeeer ty) til iv; LOUSGFZ 75 S0,,93.: -95 PSmieyGi PUNE HT es 2h he ete ees HSE Ae. 3 ix, 60 Smee Peter YOU Na sh UT eh tie heals a bile wa eaters movi lie horn? Wat his hoes BA Ns lnk Be pediadk dl AO vi, 33 Mritany, Foel<. 3.35. BR he ee Ah de Ae We es See eo a odd) (Geerde ol... k ESM teh a eee Mean eae ims, 25 mudd, Hemty Meikle eel. ERE TR MONS mace ety a vy, 50 Wowhsernd, Rowert.. ee kk Testaments AGI East 8 OR xi, 44 Wructees of ‘Cortland’ Acatlemly *.'.. 272 ES xii, 109 Trotecs of NY: State Hibrary sete oe AO eS vill, 47 Tuttle, Frederick........ ERT Se Ree ae tee art: ote xii, 108 168 INDEX. DONATIONS TO THE STATE CABINET: from Ulster Lead Mine Company.......... wi dy abe Ue «ol Be lene Vil, Upson Prom A Di ec cre Eb cle eae aie eee xii, Mail George oe oct Tawrence Be... a.) <6 cape les ce ee eee iv, Wadsworth, Charles 2. c:. ei mane ese e foeeee be Cele XVlil, Walch, Dudley in vie. sient ae eels eo ajee © « apenas Vv; Walters cP cos vc ss 6 be wiace oo dee ee oak) a Waltons THOMAS... 6... 60sec dees «wae cee Be ree Warner, Abraham 3... .6 4c 5 64.025 ovo th one cane eee Vv, Warren, Rev. Joseph . «0. ores neh. «a XV, Crinoidea of the Up. Helderberg and Hamilton groups.. .xv Crinoidea, on a new genus of.......... «ib el SLR ai te tlome Xill, Crustacean remains of Ceratiocaris and Dithyrocaris.....xvi, Fauna of the Potsdam sandstone..........00. 20006 } XK WaK Flora of the Devonian period............. ot deweegisens Xvi, Fossils of the Goniatite limestone ..............000- Xlil, of the Hamilton group ....c.4 cee KH, 6 jo mam, of Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung groups. xiv, of the Hudson river group......... | kintg 119 sere of the, Niagara etoupr 2.256 ouhw a x oil Lisle curaheie XN; of the Trenton limestone .............. ots tel Ey palzozoic, of 3d vol. of Palseontology of N. Y....x Fucoidal remains, on some spiral-growing....... as ae Xvi, Graptolithus and allied genera, on new forms of...... ( ~Xu, Graptolitide, introduction to the study of....... side “boas RXy Notice of vol. IV of Palwontology of N. Y........... Rte On the genera, Ambonychia, Palzearca and Megambonia. . xii, Athyris, Merista and Meristella....... Hi, (3 § KM * Separately paged. ' t A special index of genera and species of fossils contained in the papers contributed by Prof. Hall, to the State Cabinet reports, will appear in a future report. INDEX. On the genera Bellerophon, Bucania, Carinaropsis, ete... xiv, Capulus, Pileopsis, Acroculia and Platyceras.... xii, Platyostoma and Strophostylus...........-.... mil, Productus, Strophalosia, Aulosteges, Productella.xx, Rhynchonella and Leiorhynchus .............-. XX, Spirifera, Cyrtina and allied genera........ pei Rey ) Uphantezenia and Dictyophyton.... 0:00.06 «01 s/o XVI, On the genus Camarium..........+.. PE EN en ee Xil, Meee nis AR: dale a ha eras tll) a es RK Cypricardites. 0.20.05 bie Rear utes awesome: cuties XV, OME, fei Ma. asso mpd trace Bib mchansnid eniour oie Hah cee Xil, Be eC Ay 4 abscess eyere a wud by aohpeiee! Seas Bhan ts alld oxay Gee VEOH OUR y. 0 2 2c ne coy setind debe te Se dah xe Melos pla). si)... vie weare hes urcrteres yal snatiidie fi apdep 4 HAM), Be S LON CEC ich ice eon dh accprocerd chacsyermimuen aabe (eens ae oD ae PS MUA BU IES, rd sw co iu wa, ice Apres chained XVi, ensselaerta..n i. ss per eee odava pelea jh dia oo EN, Siveptormymehus. 66.2 6s seas Wicd ich Sapo) celaoe tdi em Xvi, ; Tropidoleptus......... sselee ey bial iain plot dda EX, Zygospira and its relations to Atrypa...... en x Palzontological additions to Cabet:... 0.02.00 - 00006: ia, Pian for perfecting the State Cabinet... i....6 0 sac0 sie RIX, Reference to, in ‘‘ British Paleozoic Rocks and Fossils.’’. x, Trilobites of the Hudson river shales......... xu, OO ace Gm. aureras, memoranda Of.......2. 00 +0.0 000 se. sinew be XVU, Harvest fly, every seventeenth year.............: base utedeseteph and xX, Haskins, Prof., acknowledgment of Regents to........0--.0ee0 Xil, RS ty VTEC DIN, i) cielo bliin (iis baie ldtia wee 0 oe awe 1, 69s tia Obey, ce ices ow calls iid “om WSASIER apehdes Apvndee Bn. th st. IO, Helochara communis Fitch...... ica et Oia Sm at dy aid Lah ueadaicaasiete eet iv, Hematitie iron ore, analysis of.............. are renee ee coon Pane ere iv, Pieulandite.........+. Pe est Becca cis. SpA tagkity a EASE Sere oS Reena n 1s, Me MERI MEGHELETICIOS, oo) oon oso a calc os ols wie vis eee 6 ay eae ee XVii, Herbarium of Lewis C. Beck............00. PE ASN Ce Fee ee XVIli, Heterodon niger Troost-—Black viper..... Se ae eee ane ix, Heterodon platyrhinos Latr.—Blowing viper...........2eeeeeee vil, Swexagonal Mica... 2... ..000s bp elakardie®? MMe. tehnaae Se ee te eee “tlhe Hexaprotodon Sivalensis .......46. SMa CeLome OLRM YS TI MU rene fr teat XVill, Hirundo fulva, observations on....... Ue ai EAS hei ei eel ans ital d LLL, Historical and antiquarian collection, additions by donation, 1, 6; 1i, Wi, 49; 4y,.93 + vy 473 vi, 33, 34 ; -wii,.69 5.viil,, 355, ix, a boi wat, 17s xy, 13; xviy 18,14 py, 12 xz, additions by purchase, ii, 14, 76; iii, 53; iv, 97, 98; v, vii, £0,735 vin, 10; catalogue of specimens of, in 1849............ eels a aye 174. : INDEX. Historical and antiquarian collection, donated to cabinet by L. H. Morsan a oul tek coh aoe eer estae seta wre slam Moreen establishinemb ots 7 Oa 2 Per he ee ee ul, purchased of H. C. Hosmer, catalogue of..... il, 16s ie Hitchcock, Prof., address at inauguration of Geological Hall...... x Poloptychcus noorlesstmus: wisls.S es cee Urals Secs rence ioh ee XVIill, Moniony "lade: tindrai hee ace koe cere ee eee oft), eee Nig Hone pterous! meects’ tm Cubinet 27% = seit, ee ee ee fie Hope factory salt, of Syracuse, analysis of...... Ce ee oie ee Hormblemde is) eras ey a a ea ae oe Le eee he RE EG. Cea 111, Hosmer, W. H. C., cnlahentie of collection of. .......... ir, 76°73 Hough, F. B, reptiles and fishes, procured for Cabinet by........ vA dosstl, deposited: bys rsssi eis ds OU ee xy, on ancient: remains of ante... ¢ yd PUR it, LOLs a. specimens received from, for Cabinet..... 1G. s Ive Siena Houghite, anew mineral... 4% Mio lelee Sele bode iets ee V; Howell. Wwobert,on the’ clifl tswallow.c 22! 22 o7e2 ae. ae: vill, Human foot-prints in rock..... Bat i Bi 9 Bice Be eg han heen ieee ix, Human skeletons in Indian mounds ........ ooo, 40) 4a Human skeletons of extraordinary size ............ wes xill, 45, 46, Fluman skulls>ancient; from’ cave-.. 7s. ....5 6s lo eee le koe eae Hunt, T. Sterry, plan for reorganization of the State Cabinet. . = RIX, iurigate rocks, method of removal 12.02%... 40+ oes ne 6s RONG Hurst, James A., engagement of, as Taxidermist for Cabinet ..... lV, Hydraulic limestone...... 5 SUC wes diewa ees C Contr oie ote ill, tivdrons sulphuric acid SS 2h eel a, PRS ahs es ome Baal Mil, Hyla versicolor——Northern tree-toad ......... 6... 0008 Lee pee Vv, Ploy OMS UMeM |e eels sikist er viet om eels stelere ey eee vost. oa ill, Ibis falcinella—Kgyptian Ipbis...... Nae yee ty A eee ous Sine Meer storma yee MAS com kM Re Se pete ech wien LS EE aan XVli, Ichthuosaurus commUNtS... 2.000 sect toa men ae eR ES OS XVill, BiULEPINEALIES ti % ea ene Ole ee see aks eee XVill, BLOLYOMOTE Rae seein Scie oe a Tie Pare ...Xvill, 46, Uchthyosanrus,'restoratiouot-. eee cee of Esk oe Xviil, dihooceras alternatus Mitch Soo oP ee Nee ye ee ee ho Soe lv, lachrymalis Hitchs. ye ao oe Serotec or rae BPR HRA re ivi maculipennes Kitch........ Sat eMeO TaN ht lela Mahe ti er DULITA IS MENG So oe ie Be dom ties aed ain ee SpA actiop seo. eine suturals Pitched 66s Fes eae Oe eee iv, Idoerase, identical with pyroxene !etwiis 221.5). Se Oe ee ili, Iguanodon, restoration of ...... Bre os ae Sie del rR AME o Sieorane Illenus Trentonensis Emmons...... oetiend eoeeeseereee Lh. ee ee 134 *This fossil (Colpoceras virgatum Hall) was returned to the depositor, Nov. 24th, 1865, and a receipt for its delivery taken, but inadvertantly, no record of the return has been made in any subsequent report. INDEX. 175 ILLUSTRATIONS: Ancient burial places........ ii, plates2 to5; ui, nos. 1 to 5 Pemelemt WOrks Of Art. \5.5 0 642 4 sein ard wield iv, nos. 6to 9 Pema COUS) SAN fee.) 'c nb vtla ath eal lobe, ov oe ba ek pO ie o'er bes ili, p. 123 tejcus alces linn. Moose oo 22). . < abinedeaginees v, opp. p. 29 Cylindrical structure in sandstone.............-506- ii, p. 33 Mr COTE WOTKS 5 cs. 6:0) 0 e.c,0 0.4, 310 aobinicda deg xiil, plates lto 12 Indian paintings on St. Lawrence river...iv, opp. p. 102, p. 108 INDIAN RELICS: PMS UME RMI oi 5 -alip uilp sop aloo wl arla0b 0: b ayw ed lve OBL wos hae LiL, Px (Oo PEMEDEMNC c/a ine aya ctl aie s ahsiar Waban aupla eat eat ¢ os xii, fim. 20 PRIORY GS ASU. wal a at aitscs «dh 6s sh od wheal un pyter QBs, l0-o 2 11, [Os «hho PAW GMAT, sass soo os Bhi Wade iigpl. AGS Vv, pe ¥ 10 eyecrramie belt. . |, As. ive sui beara) qin dhedaiels sok V5 ple” ae REVEAL Uist c is 4 shaials) despa aipijuy hs 2 yiebn tol bar eas Sie iit, p. Sl PMO AN CL sca soe» «5,4 8 ty obiucyindpy sub iat BIRI we Ole ola vy, p. 107 HS AOC cbc aks ai algare ed oS BRU Aker v, pl. 15 Ee Lag MOUSE pba ns 0 ors: > 0, 0 + toate ohlwnditan ¥, pl... *20 APO PO ss og «oar ane aisl-ccaratate legiige eatin wen MRR eas v, p. 84 EIKO... 2, «a, adgawihiniamia tenho apm bicsh-mpaialtiereians (i ill, p. 74 Brisket Teh-NCt.. « a. aipeegayeis gers pebiashs «aseis. v, p. 109 assy OOd SHLAMETAES 5... ac sen: p.c5 ip sp setulae wide Alta elon! Baie v,p. 84 Pe EEN ia ws. 6 ee: ana, 4, yriinp Abe diene eae 4m aI Hijopliccte 9 rH a Oil. ileus oe e's sw einermrsa be oes Rill, fie.) )h6 UPD hie) sa kd G's 4 5.5 “Au s aletents Os, Sere oans Wipe! FOB Bee ee cs) ac al chia tai eM v, pl. 16 PRE aes ols. Pisa alec tae ate etewe rs walle ge wenn Setar cc Nae 1d, Pe, ee BS Ona shel t Por BIC 559 wo siec0la; ssp syrah = nv ealols lid, pp: 88 SON aie a's a leiere) al acaba) wing Wt aha RR Ie poh vishal Chan lll, ps 83 Ca UIRCE os 5 d\n! ga o's pip a pargiars raha ie 'd © © vs sree Vitps who Uameact ete: 5's sid.s ia ois se oceikhet GERMS il, p. 938; v, pl. 14 Pincechseloth. «oo dm0 4 «mbes « sis pugs wits oat pl. ado ern eme iri 5.24 4 V kte's i ladaaamibat ian tc Vas ho ipdigdem, straps, . <5 424 eae« yay wale Wigp. T3i3) Vy plate IBUEEOWS 5s oc ias,s 9 it netag th cad tot an UR Ray a lil, p. 82 EIN alae oa, fe ey a)-u! we es Sdkmasamloap patsy gin ahem CUNT GRADS Oie)ra ss ¥,,p. 102 Warmed IPG. 06h cigs d's ah ois home wwiemlil, fio. ld Aryan arp lememty is .5,0,c.4,0,0,450,8 0 Medea ane Kill, fig, 143 Copper array-heag. cs «0045 <4 4 ena Re ol iy fie, 719 Cornplanter tomahatvkisies tl aieas bhi sonns iv, fig. 99 Deer-skin kilt.......... sich iter RATA Is. ite eles v, pl 9 Deer sarin, Leos soo ove) «5 2 ERIE © eels v, pl. 10 DUS pensysasnel’ SOE IMUK 6 RGM Ch arb Vac Raia iit, Pp. 28 Marre, we. «4 pie atelemte Leia eC ARLIRS ees ee os ii. oe Halsaface,.. swine es Na waite PAE Co. eee Vip. 2 08 ~ 7S INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS: INDIAN RELICS: Pawn-skin bagissssscasaee Tite e sy bh ae Vv; p. oe BEE Ah heat ale are ee ete nt eRe A RNS OME Sie lil,p. 509 Gildss beads oe A SE ee SE ee eee Vy le 3 ae Glass shoulder‘ornaments 2). 202.0. he Vv; ph a8 Pheaderessh cts taht ee eo iby, pl’ S35) ¥, peas omony lade Ue. Pee. aot ahve cule eee ee eee Vy Pog IMS ices Voie ae vtotentacy cl diaeer eel eee xii, fig. 11 Saveliiny i. eee oe oe ye sea eed er cle Ii, pa Ok Walt? Meersskine: Perea ees eee ny pl. 7; /v ples Knee rattles! * ) ho 222 207 ke te ee ie te iii, p. OZ ierife ‘and elt 7 20 p.tieetat oe YO aes cena Vi) pe oe Pa VSR MSR AG oe mak a EER OR ae ¥, pp. 80, Sl S20 ares ihe e oi’, deersicim’ 52" Ue ye wake tere iit, pl. 83 v,jplee Medal) seashell’ -..*.'.\ serra amano te eekonene Hl, p. 79s Media d O89 ere Fee pet Stes Ge ee xii, fie. EO Moccasin. kek iii, plates 1, 2; v, p. 94, pl. I1 NMoceasim awhtt 700 coe bj eee ee v,p. 93 Moose-hair burden-strapis 1.405.060 6 0 week ee V; Pla ve Mortorjand pounders» 402/00 ik ee eee ill, po HO Necklace. ....+° etn eres alee ee ee ara ii, pl. 3 Weedtesboolkk: fsusiste’ ss listinaticlietchunelanetahet te ten elem ii, pl’ te Overdness iss sieed ages ae ees iil, plates 6, 62 Peach-stomes s 660600860000. NAS ATRS Ctra lil, p. 83 Pincushions...wi.. tatetete tame aed iti, pl. 133 y,ple Pipe-powly F666 50% 248 a s/h im eee eee xlil, fig. 13 Pipes... . 224524) pl. 17 5/¥,"pp.108, 204; xi tie ee Peeket=bowk* snot etre Att Ne ene ae ill, pl. 14 Polished stones <.4sfnrdc ese ie ae ee xiii, fig; #2 Pop-corm selves: v.ie.rs tes 6e MORE PES Simca, 6 v,p. 91 Porcupine quills. eters eee! SY alee ee v, pl Peotteryssirigessas se eect ene ae ii, p. 103 Rattles soccer scene of nS, WO ili, p. 86; v, p. 108 Saddle... svn ape Yet RMA ee ncleg ONS AUR so pales ili, p. 84 Salt-bottle,-cornm-hask: 22.5 .022244 2092.05 2 Itt, Peo oe Sap-labstie ys teseece reese Feats vias ill, fig. 74 Batchel « wrmsear cnn 4 SO MM, Se | oe V) pli gis ESE ee ern. eo Herr a eae TA Eete Tt Ye Ve pete Shoulder-belt, . decr-Skinw ws)... edd sde es oe. v, pl #2 Salmery Pedds).cicsanensievoreueisibbeie whlbo net nama ce eae ¥; phe Siow CROSS) la ncscscaaey 5 eee ei dda ae vy, pl. a4 Silver ear-rimgs and broaeh...2..<. fbb. i. 2s: V. pias Shpperyseln mhamepes. 20. da Bed et ose ¥, po vee Shins elas cou Ae sn i edi hele ius pl. d; v, play Smow=D0atvsscveu ssc eecee cs eoeceere eevee eoceeeVy Pe 100 INDEX. 177 ILLUSTRATIONS: INDIAN RELICS: SWOW=CNOC fs oon 2s a che Melee Ra Gia’ s oe | HL aig to Saomp-snake; sci.) oak ss yhebedaeieeda ds «ss oi i, p. 80 Spel cee ts sas kee Tigeih tree Capen. 4 secs - v, p. 105 Spe eid 5 hg Baw oes e Sale, Asi mm gee vos Kill, ig. .. 8 Siat@ette.., cis as, « Re eset: oh a ee bE eas Xi, file. «1 Tobacco-pouch....... yall Ae SEE oi es Wi): pe. See OMAN Ws Sau doe eee RO CDI, oc os 1 pee Race. lapis ollarig., )..:.:.'.. ee swartlan ies. KL, Mer ee 2 Nanst-peltjaidecacsleim ened (eich esd tuo. oss 0. Vv, pe a Wampum belt/and string... Jencd...). 2 ee. eee Vy pl. pe Wiar-clubs ccs cnaitenaghes heed. in, pp: 00, @1 = v,p. Wes Par es Woe eet, iiss a ass pies bem eels © vin oe eleva s «0's Ids. ARE BN TCE DANIEL 4% 64 mois ass ads e hMirpsic, = Beache es rete il, pl. 10 Pema iar CONCKCHONS, os. 5 64. <2 ee d's salawshhs os aes Ivy 0000 eel MO OTIOGERSES, 6 os on oo oo # seize mterd ag Wh. .V, Opp. Pp. oa Mies, Mork Ophidians, 2. <5 65.2 ssneaenaeue vii, plates 1, 2 Pe eieae foriiieutlon, . .). 44s eae ee - adiatands se. oe Ui; ple sie Seeeicime OLISSIS . «ay, « a,0,0,5,+4,<,¢ awed tle. 0 <6 v, fig. 64 WapbsworTH GALLERY OF Casts oF FossILs (Report xviii) : Ammonites...... figs. 18, 20, 21, 23, 26, 30, 82, 34, 84 AGRIGCCT US ARGOULD oa 6 5 « «4 faikuc erayeuaid ete + a esas fig. 22 PAIGIIGEETIOS GEES a) - 01a itv eialy mf whe nude @ Bia wre! «6 fio. he ecto nde eS... \5' 2's sitagdenhe neo ietee= & ae « fig. 69 BMS crite dah a, a) x: bi nsid ne dine gi Pampa a: wc 2 ae fig. 959 Pree mM o's) sine) d vinx» odie afb ealg wl eiptedew = 4-0 n~/s fir, 13 Camembert Skulls oo da. fame wiser ere ee « « eae hampered Shell. yo oes so 4.'% + a haele< =: fies. 27, "28 Cyracer as, Tammboldtz@ nus. 6's 6 on chee ee wc ote fig. 74 MAC HOO ANI. oi. %s when's oa NAc ed HORE a ee fig. 19 Wipes ONG 5 siiais ee e's a ee pees oan a ols fig. 12 Draothertam head. i... 5.54 .'s5 sights “eine figs 9 edo head. yi Ress aes atte eR. wae eae fig. 63 Dragen fly—Aischna CxtmM7ass stag h wiawa wal - ah Go~autamettiny « fig. 61 Gr BRO CLEVE BOS | NS as eg cee e dedubiod « fig. 6 Elippopetmus. SKU re a ee ot atte wen ee « fig. 85 Plume (5 oie A ode all) s «neath ie waihwe » fig. 66 Lehthyosanrus, . ¢ ddividiec) didn. ate oe, SG: 50, 71, St Peuanodon. Gait. the os ve ole Sts Sane 48 178 INDEX. ILLUSTRATIONS: WADSWoRTH GALLERY OF Casts or FossELs (Report xviii) : Insect het sect the cee a ee es Oe figs. 17, habyrinthodons +. see6¢ eae. See ae On eae figs. 49, Iaily Emerinites.. 4.4% cae ee ai keeek a figs. 15, 35, Prion SKM sos: cectents \Gbapare RP rer rein Be errr, Ph fig. duizard’ skulle 6: aes ii, original drawings of, receipt for......... oak, shay a Suny acee vill, reference to writings on....... eit eI OPA TS Et oe © ill, Introduction to the study of Graptolites, by James Hall......... =X; Iodine Spring, Avon, Livingston county, analysis of............. il, Iron, erystallized cast.......... MN ae Sa seit a eset oh eueueia ae seh LN MPIC y oy ee cee ee ee EON ce parte ts Actes ay pee te Bieta el Ce egakake Meonvonca irom #. KR. Romeyn.........0..00 00050: Seu tianct ch ayahe ac), OC aera ead a als os a telagreuinny ats Bf oc slaiaionals ri MOG ORS PETIONM:. oe ee eee eee ees sieve bl PSE ee Sm Epa erase chy Iroquois, their fabrics, inventions ancl Timplementsw. 60. 16 vimana»: v, I MNCS ain co tle ewe eee anh aneia gong es jeteplne essen Mey PISOCCIUS WHOGUSEOS..0 acs ence eeeseine Bre ele Pane See <5 agit VAR, BCT WEP AMG MM... ieee cc eee eee eee enna Fekete siany WELL, WASSUS AEULUS SAY... 2s. 000s rah cea See aa es ae nee art fulvidersum Fitch ...... Rteierormtetnattnn sos de aaa. ehhs Halo Iv, CAROROLUS DIY... .0 & lo0. s°elecs die ieee ca fare 6G ele Bac We ee lv, MN, tee 05 ws 6 ci >. Wk Os,8 BEE A KS es Be amd E eins iil, Mwemkinsite........... BY Stik kee Seas wt aT ee he sid aud polls Jewett, Ezekial, collections made by........-.. 2 Bie RL, WO Rae DP raVOROr COAWINGUs sb. lca k cde cake 6. bs acbesslhe advmnar Xlll, resignation of Curatorship................. Ree hava Kal Johnson, David, meteorological observations by...........06. .Xviil, Johnson, W. C., donation of fossils from the Paris Basin......... xii, meres. balizeus. ..+. Se ee ere ee state crete at te's aie a oes ene Kanawha salt, analysis of SPECIMONS Of oi os Ata eta abe evil, Lincklaen, Ledyard, list of fossils deposited in Cabinet by, xii, 101; xiv, Lincklaen, Mrs. Ledyard, donation of fossils to Cabinet..... oo eg List of species of New York Ophidians......... Piste) viene ee Kiwverpuol salt, analysis of: 7227222054000" wa pe «on oye en ill, Reve wemnorahs -Witeh. 22.8252 8t75 2145 basengels BPN - iv, Livia vernalis Fitch..... GAC ereuere pune Meer torer ne ecmere awe. aie Cena Mivine: satamandérs: from S: ‘Fk, Baird! 72.52.20... .... 0206 ae v, Kocalclimatology, by W. DP. ‘Wilson, DW)... .-. 2-0 ee ava ee Logan, Sir Wm. E., plan for reorganization of State Cabinet..... X1X, Loxoclase, description and composition of...... AP ENS. BISA PBS Lucioperca Americana Cuv. et Val...... eeidlve s is,0 5s .n alee eo v. Lupus occidentalis Rich.--Common American wolf............. Vill, RIGEHALTORUS NEOB EUS. 0 5 cise = 43 Geom TELE Peeps where XVI, Magnesia spring, Sharon, N. Y., analysis of ..... CAE ide PR 5) ye. ill, Magnetic iron ore. Hh Cate MARE DSM iach, 4 E itic ie as deupearene Mery res ill, Magnetic iron ores froin Northern N. Y., in economic j wenleetient po Mammalia, added to Cabinet by donation, i, 10; 111,40; iv, 19, 29, 30: > ae Wid chOgewidis Ly. oy. ROO: wits hee bo gemo: INDEX. Mammalia, added by purchase, ii, 17; iii, 14, 15,19; iv, 14, 19; v, 18, wi, 14,19 ;. vii, 10,18d)5. van, 9, 10; 195, cia, (LL yxy, and birds of the DeRham collection........... ef Atngeeeidte. «1V;5 ear lo macs of, in, Cabitietss 02. (3 < iii inlet biercchs: 2iecei ad oietade «+ i @eoeicneres in Cabinet. a. si. lo. 004 eee 0 xili, 15; xvii, Ren erenee TOPWTIbMOSION (ch owhis aclele sia eye, 4 Tuide odicte secs ill, skins of, donated by Smithsonian Institution........... x1li, Manis longicaudatus—Longtailed Manis.......... ape eth .Xviil, MMe CCNATACLCTISLIGS OF; icysie, § yes fais deiereiats sina oie owe Waid lil, Marine alge, a collection of, donated by Mrs. M. A. Bush ......xx, Marine plants, new to interior of the State .................. XVill, Maritime plants occurring in the marshes of Onondaga Lake... .xviii, Marsh collection of fossil tracks, catalogue of...........+..2008. Vii, Mieeseeollection of Indian relies. {. .4 nak 60 wele see cones ae dos wierd Vii, Marsh, Dr. E. S., meteorological observations by.............. XX, Massasauga—Crotalophorus tergeminus (Say) ........- wi, 22:5 Vil, Massena sulphur springs, analysis of.........-0.e+00. aiarute hel auore ule mmasiogen s7santeus, skull of... ......-+cwee sce isle britenartmiars XVill, Mastodon remains at Ellenville, Ulster co., N. Y........cce00. Xiv, _ Materials belonging to State, used in publication of Natural History, v, 69; vijjolsivat 127 samy 4a i Mazatlan collection of Mollusca, Regents’ notice of............6. ae Zaman Mollusca. catalogue @f 5.010) 5)... 06)dee odd ecivwanh emma xill, McAlpine, Wm. J., donation of model of U.S. dry-dock........ ili, Mean temperature for years 1837-1864.............. Kyi EGe xx, Medal, Indian...... 5 Eas ee esos wabrsie siphtas Ae ceadie lil, Recep RON) TAC MENGES fy. opty oferaddrs SO “I on 186 INDEX. Report on the Mineralogy of New York, by L. C. Beck, M.D.... .iii, Reptiles'in Cabinet, catalogue of. SPAS aa ne cle sete. ee ae Reptiles of State deficient in Cabinet................ xili, 165° xvitt oe added to Cabinet by purchase, iii, 15,25; iv, 28; v, 13, 19, vi, 15, 21; vu, 10, 24; xiii, Reptilia donated to Cabinet, ii, 23; iv, 23; v, 19; vi, 21; viii, 9, 19s: xiv, 133 xv, 135° xvi, 23, 144%" xvit; 20>" xv, Resolution of Senate and Assembly in relation to State Cabinet. .xix, PRL OCT OS TULIUELUSE ohooh sl Wie! abel alc wasteatelleld eee tae oe XVill, I DONCUIALEKS ii Khe haiti tees Meek tee cn pee XVlil, SCHLOYETINACNETS «ore'ei et alee) oe) 08 sive PPMP AEE oo - XVill, Ribbonsnake, its distribution, etc........ AS ihe Sete eS ee vin Richland springs, Otsego co., N. Y., analysis of........0...0e00- lil, Rider, G. L., donation of Mastodon remains.........2..00: 2 oxy Ring-necked snake, its habits and habitat........... MEERA ALS vil, ttock-salt mime, in Cheshire, England. (0 sce2s) 2.2 2s. 2. eee vil, Root, Prof. Oren, in relation to State Cabinet............. oo te aes Rosendale springs, Ulster co., N. Y. Metis Of: eee eae ili, utile ‘composition Of: ic/..h. cece cet oe eee ol oot oe eee lil, Saered inclosures’ of *Imdianss: i 5223 526.6% oe ee eee bail Saddle, bnd tates te ae ce wae ew nee ee eile Cee ill, Salamanders presented to cabinet by S. F. Baird ................ ip Salisbury, J. H., analysis of Hematitic Iron ore.............6- rie l¥; Salt-botthe« tmavan A460 a ub te Mth ne A Ree ee ee ee BL fi 8) ill, Salt; common, its’ manufacture; purity, ete. .’."..°.'..''.''e% >. ae eee ili, Salts and brines, from Prof. George H. Cook............--se00 vii, SA PREOSAUTUS LALECEDS: oho dio ol OR a at ia ath heh ol Oke atc Xvlil, Sap-tub,-lmdian oie ie oe Se ee alee wine a lotc ohana ete ee ee iii, DPatchels Indian) 8 PSN EO eS oe Pay, oa ee v, Scalops ee ee Mole, description of, by S. F. Baird. xv, Peapolites ‘ahalysis Of,. 2 c-.0% aceee sem ccsle cee ce se) ne ill, Schistopleurum typus——Fossil Armadillo...........00. 20800. XVlil, Ncumnws planejoius vy. brevepotus Vor... a i. ss). 5 oid esas = lene XV1il, Device nasdba Pursh "25% 024. ote «4 a shes Atala ALM BO eh. »XVil, Sciwrus striatus Linn.—Striped squirrel ............ ete ere Vili, Scurus vulpinus Gmel.— Fox squirrel! 2.052... en ee oe Vill, Scotophis Alleghaniensis (Holbr.) B. & G.—Mountain Blacksnake. vu, Serpentine, various, LONMS OF... se ieee wecce sos ent ili, 180; iv, Serpentsradded to Cabinet’. 47.1.0 tates ee tee aie 6 os vil, 24; xvi, Serpents of New York, by Spencer F. Baird.......... oe ee vii, Serpent skins from the Hast Indies*.............4. crete dee eae XIV, Shells, fresh water, a collection donated by John G. Anthony.....xv, Shells, presented by Dr. Charles Martin, U.S. N.............. vii, Shellistone of! ‘Hast HMloridavi ys eo. othe cet cree ere cee ee Vi, *See note on p. 179, INDEX Seb M EE WeliS GGCCT-SIL o.oo. 26d ae dd emo 0 Sv ed ddan ewme eR alle Vv; UT iris yor aijais aa iwi Wwrwilaue wie ts gwd Saws alana et | inst teeta Vil, Saiman. Prof., reference to labors Of. ...0.00 000d odee wee ea x: Petise fossils from, Hneland, list. of... 0. ence eds ee deewine oss xi, Se Me ee GIT, 5 GAMES eis g See Werks oe ald LL PROPRY Oe Vv; ee TAN sits acl a tal in Maha oe wha sid SYTHE wou Sew g eID WD Sigal nte oe v; IAL 200 2665 tye 'a 6, 4s GH 4 Siu 44 SS wd mw whe SE RILG A XVlii, EMER 55s kia gb kos n.d ces b dee we nae seid aleie BON ili, 91; v, Skulls donated to Cabinet....... iv, 30; xiii, 18; xiv, 13, 14; xviii, Secon metchased by, Cabinet. 2. o..0...0cncenncences RVI, 20 sexi Skulls from Smithsonian Institution.............. WS Ea EpeNy pret: xiii, Slippery-elm filaments..... aoe ee ahd EK, «dhe whe aie stances ists v, muslmeaureuiata Witch ........2..00 «ene a Nhe MAUR C HOR Gud toa iv, Ramee THN. |i. 105, BB RL SES bye fo wh op hNE OUR ahi REHIAOS 2 iv, Pee AUCH AS airs.) Ps eGlask. ln cwciolidas dale ged « lv, Mermeg SME AE. « tie ekios a. fs 24. Bel deue ime eooseh skye lv, PEEING: Fo Seb en eee pps bs oe pe me eu op aoe UE iv, rr Pe Ry ons es wie eelaidae ate b aN avis dale OWE Ms iv, SMe 2 ya Pee ein nina tied bin iw one oe eR lv, BULGE VAIN, OE OOLV ee ceccscnwek Wale Coe Bde emit eh iv, Smithsonian Institution donation of, cretaceous and tertiary fossils, xvii, Te ej nrret aba nate PMR ER, Gobet dee vil, 20; xix, Mammal skins and. skulls, ......5cc00 006 wwe Pern ens xiii, SMMC HWW PS Sacra c elas cnasesccwe ss o IES Aes vil, Rock and building stone specimens................. XVlil, Shells, marine, land and fresh-water............. ree. 2 XX, MENT A 6 au eis kw 4 ss es <4 va wo eee we v aleele Aa NSSI v, a MRE MAORI LCST ey 0) ba bara alia “oy'c sins 4uste'vsid'sanerceveina’ verve catia) Sahib belts YSU Aas ill, Peer peed oI TOU, No Vi ees ow a se cin eae ee a Meldle b delda’ele « ill, a Se SE PRU CNEAII Ls, vonsinduatyiie teeraecoevvbateraneohenerevegei he Linke « ike Aa belle xili, SEMI AR Fr FIST. Lal. alana da Blais Galeawen oe sithe v, Special report of Regents in relation to State Cabinet.......... xx, Sperm-whale jaw in Cabinet....... alsiged: caus pies. cieebarhtole tev XVli, Sphene, analysis and localities of..........cee0ees eee ili, 148; iv, Spinelle, MSGI hcg Nat eae Mees Sooo ill, Sulphur springs at Sharon, N. Y., analysis of......../0.60s0s-0 06. iil, Syenitic rocks (in catalogue of geological department)*............ i, Synopsis of genera and species of N. Y. serpents.............. Vil, Wabullarispars ss. ++ +s wie: sepetoe ts ib 60 08 bYd 00.4, m:0 5 ve leer Ae iil, Talcose or magnesian rocks (in catalogue of geological department)*. .1, Tapirus auvernensis...... 04. bee Side wnieigly css sein Gene XVill, Tarantula nest, account of...... eee, ow WRC 2. Sa te a eee Vii, Taylor,’ J. W:,’Curator of the: Cabinet 01.10 )00 do's so) ate ee il, Telamona ampelopsidis Harris........ os sieee eb se aea ee see iv, concavd Hitch, ........ vive wa Ble Beiiclaie SO, Seen nae iv, COYLE TW CD so. oor oy oc vacaiiones svev'es oy 0x9) doleusesiocey - = = : 7 —— = —_— oy (PSSSy Say SE et Cae) ST Se (es RE RE Pe | ‘ ——~G 2 — . en ain — 9 . | +2 ae , — —_ . — 7 a P a er Se a ee SSR ST = . si am ia 4 i ——e : ' 7 . 7 EXPLANATION OF PLATES RELATING TO THE COHOES MASTODON. PLATE I. A map (on a scale of about two miles to the inch), showing the junction of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, with the position and relation of the principal places referred to in the article on the Cohoes mastodon. PLATE II. . No. 1. A section across the Mohawk valley, one mile below Crescent, showing the outline of the valley and the relations of the drift or gravel beds, the estuary clay and the alluvium of the valley. The lower part of the drift, in this and the other sections, is of glacial origin, resting upon the striated and smoothed surfaces of the rock. The upper portion of the drift is water-worn, and more or less sorted and stratified by the action of water. No. 2. Section across the valley, opposite the Harmony mills, showing the deep, nearly vertically walled channel below the falls ; with a narrow, deeper channel in the center, which is the only part occupied by water during the dry season. Two sections of ancient pot-holes are shown in the slate rock on the east side of the river. No. 3. Longitudinal section of the river bed along the main channel from oppo- site the Harmony mills to the basin of deep water above the falls. The basin of deep water below the falls communicates with the narrow, deep channel in section No. 2, in the middle of the river bed; and also on Plate iii along the center of the river channel. PLATE III. _ Amap reduced from a large working map (4 x 9 feet), now in the State Museum, _ upon which all the observations of the survey were recorded. For the explanation of the figures in the river channel, and the different repre- _ sentations of the pot-holes, see explanations above the title. falls, are cavities in the slate filled in their upper part with water and peaty mat- ter ; they are entirely similar in their character to those in which the remains of Mastodon were found. | and the river bank, and others on the east side and beneath the tower. Those below. (2) EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The ancient pot-holes marked upon the eastern margin of the river opposite the On the lower side of the map at Harmony mill No. 3, is shown the outline of | the pot-holes in'which the mastodon remains were found. Other smaller pot- | holes are represented, and one larger one to the east of the mill. PLATE IV. The diagram at the left hand upper part of the sheet, represents the position of the large pot-hole in which the mastodon remains were found, and its relation to numerous other smaller pot-holes; the river bank being represented on the right hand margin of the sheet. Several of the smaller pot-holes occur between the mill which were particularly examined, including the two larger ones, are marked 1 to 26 inclusive. The large one marked Peat bog, between the mill and river bank, was | sufficiently proved by excavation to be a large pot-hole, having a diameter of sixty- | three feet. In digging a drain from the large pot-hole beneath the mill to the river | bank, this bog was cut to the depth of ten feet, and was afterwards sounded by } steel rods to a farther depth of sixteen feet, without reaching any hard substance. | Between this cavity and the one beneath the mill, there had formerly been a com- || munication by a shallow depression in the rock. The line indicated by the letters A L F and H, marks the limit of the principal | pot-hole at about the present level of the mill floor. The dotted line within this, — marked by the letter J, indicates the limit at the bottom. The space between J and H is occupied by an irregular slope descending to J, and this depression at — a higher level, extended still farther to the eastward. The outer dotted line represents approximately the original limits of a swamp with a central pond, which originally covered the openings of all the pot-holes The pot-hole beneath the mill, marked 1, in which the mastodon remains were principally found, is of an oval form, its greatest diameter being in a line nearly east by north and west by south. To the northwestward it communicates through a deep gorge (between the points B and G) with a large, deep pot-hole, No. 2. The points of rock B and G are arched over, from excavation below, so as to come within a few feet of each other, leaving the opening much wider below. The form of the opening and the measurements were taken on the level of the | mill floor as it then existed.* The points marked A B C D, are those upon which rest the arches supporting the walls of the building above these cavities. Distance from A to B, 33 feet. cE « BtoO, 29 feet. se ‘«* Ato C, 62 feet. os ‘Lb to.H, 73 feet. oe < =F to Fi, 38 feet. re rl, CO Ke Wa eet. The rock marked Table is a large mass of slate, 12 X 18 to 20 feet across the * The surface of the rock was afterwards lowered by excavation about eighteen inches. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (3) surface, which is eight to ten feet below the level of the floor of the building. This rock, on its upper face, presents the limits marked by the continuous line, sloping a little towards F, where it is two feet lower than on the opposite side. The northerly face of this mass is nearly vertical, the top being slightly overhang- ing; the easterly face is also essentially vertical. On the southerly and south- westerly faces the surfacés are sloping downward to the limit indicated by the dotted line. Near the base of this mass there is a regular even line of fracture, or natural jointing, along which the mass has apparently slipped for a distance of about one foot to the southeastward, since the formation of the pot-hole, leaving the base projecting at b, as shown in the accompanying wood cut, fig. 1, which represents a transverse section of the principal cavity along the face of the table rock from F to Fi. The point marked:G is at about the same level as the central table rock, the arc indicating that it has at one time formed a part of the bottom of a pot-hole, grad- ually curving upwards to within two and a half feet of the floor level, with the margin perpendicular. At E there is a narrow passage, measuring twelve feet from g to h, which is filled up by a large mass of the slate rock. This has ap- parently been pushed forward from above, or fallen into the gorge at a former period. Beyond the slaty mass the channel is filled with loose earth and other foreign materials. This channel is probably the course by which the water entered the larger excavations to the southward. The larger cavity is deepest at F, though the entire depth is unknown. Within the outer dotted line there are several smaller pot-holes, marked 6, 7 and 8. No. 6 is nine feet ten inches in diameter, the depth not ascertained. No. 7 is ten by twelve and a half feet in diameter. No. 8 represents two small pot-holes, worn into each other at their adjacent margins. _ In the tower, 140 feet from the north wall, there are evidences of eight other pot-holes, of various sizes. No. 10 is represented in section (Fig. 2 of diagram), as described by Mr. Houlihan, superintendent of the work. The points marked by horizontal lines represent the places at which parts of the ‘mastodon skeleton were found, a being the point where the lower jaw and one of the phalanges of the left fore foot were found; ), the place of the skull, most of the vertebrz and ribs, the pelvis, scapula, leg and foot bones, etc.; c, one of the vertebrz ; d, place of one of the anterior ribs; e, place of arib. At f, in pot hole No. 3, the bones of the right fore leg were found at about sixty feet distant from the place of the skull and other bones. Fic. 2.—Section of pot-hole No. 10, at the angle of the tower. This pot-hole is narrow above, having a depth of nineteen feet six inches. The diameter at the top is sixteen inches, and in the widest part eight feet. At the first contraction below the centre it has a diameter of two feet, and at the lower one the diameter is but six inches. It was originally filled with water-worn gravel, to the height of the dotted line. Fic. 3.—A section across the river-bed, from north to south (N.S.). a repre- sents the gravel hills underlaid by clay; 6, the Erie canal; c and d are raceways, excavated in the slate rock, for carrying water to the mills; e, the new Harmony mill; f, dwelling-houses on the summit of the river bank; g, top of river bank before excavation, which is 106 feet above the level of the river-bed; g rep- resents the level of the mill-yard; h, level of the water in river-bed at ordinary stage. During the dry season the water is confined to the narrow channel below (4) EXPLANATION OF PLATES. the letter h. The height of the bank on the north side, indicated by the letter g, is somewhat less than that of the south side. The accompanying wood cuts represent the transverse and longitudinal sections of the large pot-hole No. 1, showing the position of large mass of slate represented as the Table rock in the diagram. F Fie. 1. Fi The line cd is in the direction Vaz y Yj, VA // from F to Fiof the diagram, a Z Yi YY represents the line of the floor of Hy Yj the pot-hole, upon which the prin- ZF G4 cipal parts of the mastodon were found, curving downwards to the deeper part in the direction of F. 6 represents the line of slipping of the mass and the projection of the rock below. A longitudinal section of the pot-hole from L to H, showing the position of the Table rock. a represents the deeper part of the pot-hole, towards F. PLATE V. A view of the south end of the large pot-hole, from which the principal part of the mastodon bones were taken. The outline is irregular, showing two recesses, which are the margins of two smaller pot-holes, which with other similar ones had been so worn as to communicate, forming one large cavity. The lower jaw of the mastodon was found at a point (a2) on the margin of the left hand niche, and near the level of the water, as shown in the plate. (See a, diagram, plate 4.) The greater part of the bones were found at a depth about twenty-five feet lower than the water line, as shown in the figure. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (5) PLATE VI. View of the skeleton of the Cohoes Mastodon, as mounted in the State Museum of Natural History. The measurements and description are given in the text. PLATE VIL. The plate gives a posterior view of the skeleton, and a view of the lower jaw, showing the position of the single tooth in the right ramus, which corresponds to the anterior tooth of the leftramus; the posterior tooth never having been devel- oped. “aN ale ee toon mee co to i citi etic it ity ot e108 A é i se paps La i. eal | Rn ‘ussbibek i mine ar ai ne 4 igen | yous iors isl 008 xoinotaoq at | a a S| ‘ ae bay) », webinar “pat veal, Hit | | ) | 4 | = y : 0 i o a icin mast State Mus PL.1 2 sa By \ my aN a Naty ¥ S e : } wse : as LY If DW) » \ AK cS) : WAT Wh) TOAN oo aie ; fad / Y} Vy « un ; : ) WE \\ YQ DN AN’ \\ NS \ \ /) \ iw AM Cy aut Wa vet : State Mus.Nat.Hist. 21 D VY SG aker\ ae “ge & P ‘(ara CowNES oe, and vicinity, (( Showing she course of athe) (Vice ANDITSCO CONNECTIONS is WITHTHE = FO —— F Sorece % - : bse aT ciel a Na i ui (at We ™%, State Mus. a Gravel. ; tal " Gravel. Scale \’ AQAA \ \\ \\ ~ AW \\\ \\\ \ IN \ AN \\ \\ NAY West . Basin abo SRS KO ww ANN SS NS LQ \\ \\. LY WN \ \, WAY AA : IMMA. NAR WX A WX Worth . NO3 1 Seal N° Stal ei \ A \ NYS \\ AK KAY A AKC \\\ WAR LIA \ WAY \ \\ \ \\ \\ ‘ \\ \\ . \ \ \\ \ \\) W\ \\ A ANN AX Xn Mn uc iis 200 ff. . 500 fi. - ~ ~ Pe te oo Diagram _ of Cohoes Falls: AB - Drrection of Sections . CD ie. UA u uy Surveyed & Ph Net se.. he is a tate Mus.Nat-Iist.21. \ \\ \ Base Tene 604 HOOP River. AQ \\ \ \ \S , HSCMMONT across the MOAI VATIIEAST below COLMIMIE Vertical Scale 200 ff. - 1 inch. Horizontal « 500 7.. 1» Gravel . Wants wt ~ ‘ US queitcal Scale 200 7. - 1 inch . S IMIS . ’ Basin above Falls . Pot-holes. Horizontal 500 fi.. 1 » . \ Base Line 60/7. above lide. « : RN \ ANN \\\ WAWH Now - SIRCIUUOMW alongs the WOT at COMIOSS TAGS . Sourk . Seale 200 /- Linch . Diagram _of- Cohoes Falls: B- Direction of Sections « . ” Surveyed & drawn by G.K.Gilbert . Ay Oy iy \ Co Nene Re ee Se \ Si ; wen . SEN ’ \ ~~ \ N WO \ { \\ W..W . KN) 1 WYN S\\ VAL Va@ Si N \\ \ min NG SS FY reyes ballcifodtatlales S,) \ SIAN —ANITT1 1.1 11 1.1 LUAALAL, TLL LEE = Lad Tv! A Be ee zl Ancient DEERER WATER AN @ Yor Woles ABOVE THE FALLS c IZ LSIH “LYN'SAW ‘SLWLS Ke ren of Shallow water and ievegalun Gaiarels above the ERR Ne Ne erestol the Falls. The region of forming Potholes" Ancient BASE oF Wwe ONG FL Co ors : 7 = You hotes a Survey Made By CC GULBRRT, KL OWGLL. SWOHALL. C.ORAWRORD. ~ and BIGWUL. ~ Sept.1067, Map Made By EXPLANATIONS: Upright Numbers indicete soundings in feet Stanting Numbers refer to alist of the Potholes Solid lines indicate outlines of Potholes Pocholes where the diameter is less than tthe depth, marked exceeds ‘Ancient Potholes SCALE.105 Feet to Inch. Gahres yLES 0 eae S zy OWING A H ee =(_ INT HARMONY MILL, __ And the Position of the © 3ivid ad GRE Tey > Peat-Bog filling a large Pot hole aa Building = = ection of Pot Hole No in Tower. Scale ds Foundation B Line of Villars DTAGRAM OF ANCIENT POT HOLES AT < HARMONY MILL, COHOES; N.Y. NX ag SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE BONES rad een ar a Section thom the North stde of the Mohawk River tothe hill South of the Erie tinal aan nah MASTODON SKELETON. Surveyed and drawn by R.P.WHITFIELD. Scale of Map, 1? feel to one inch Yan Beniayeent Printing House, Albany — a xe eae reg SORE aes eae mhestinaty (H 4 =i ( O.LH Cachet . A k ib ee =, 3 < iT} PT iG ee ee a ee ee ee si —S— = _ 2 = > s Tb apt fa Pen act Set eeiatn nt Sac = RT a5 ry an il sid aa — EO SR, SPO. SOE ag ee ee ae GH nnn NR Spe Taam ay RAL j Fiuipubiee STATE MUS NAT HIST. 21 ‘ : Pie HAINES PHOTO ALBANY,N.Y. * CHARLES YAH SENTHUFSENS SONS. ROCK EXCAVATION AND OPENING OF THE LARGE POT HOLE wwHchtHE MASTODON SKELETON wasrounpat GOHOES |N. Y., 1866. a er Ne »: AAR Fide kuuity aA 3 ta Pana es ries ewan State Mus. Nat, Hist.21 P16 Skeleton discovered al GCohoes 1866. Airy seen i) Rene am mar ane ann ea eee Noel 7 tt . bt ‘ = an FRA eI ~ is otra OO REE secs weresern een rs ae ’ State Mus. Nat Wist.24 Lower Jaw . ; : 1} ‘ x ‘ i { i : f ' xe , tL —- ae r , 1 Ee ! Sy, o fi vl s a Wy? Bea ay te V\iGn as ‘ by Feri i ite ahs h Re WE rie hah e Sie Daten Wei eee nneae ie, tate alta Lo hte tA) oan Sipe acnae oe Wy AlGToT if . ety : yet 1 A te} sae ht pyet i ha Pig caf) pd atone Fageay cnt ae es st OE lca tie fe a NES x 4 4) 3 Q. Fianna ar Steet ea Sif Ul 4 : j & ; S Ny | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES Il 3 9088 01300 5467