ty tits 1% ae ‘ ike Mgr Ey St a ee heey Reva OG heey “f, its ANE NCH oN ALTRI TE Bt | eget FRO } "GG * b) ~¥; ro “QE il aS al 4 «nl E ° ¢ : < Sire FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SE CRED? AR Y OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SEU RIMENT STATION FROM (MEY Te t905, TO JUNE. 30/1906. LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. BY AUTHORITY LANSING, MICHIGAN WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS 1906 aD by AMY “4 J wel te : he ae . ‘a a ee LeU VERN Cee vi | ia ‘ : mye 7 | ' A. ‘ j a i hi uh , } iy ae 4 iyi oa Se NN Ae A Sanh ik t Ned Pi Br rei, ie ime i “Aa ei 7 Hit a fi Ae ® R it Lee LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. REPORT OF GRE SECRETARY. OF THE Veale BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, July 1, 1906. To Hon. Frep M. WARNER, Governor of the State of Michigan: Sir the accompanying report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, with I have the honor to submit to you herewith, as required by law, supplementary papers. Very respectfully, ADDISON M. BROWN, Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture. Rae ay | id an ae Rr shea tie ) * en ae | ae aunts | | Wee Ff i 7 ‘ ae +s rae h ha: , rat) a) ay { LAs.) ; (oe, 1 “ Q 7 3 . i] F haw , ‘ ‘ an?) ’ : ‘ aa. ine | | “y Vl up nes ih Tet ie ' owe > fy iP i pee aie wk ae ar) | Oe Bok oe) ap Dh . pels ‘ OSS en ? j Vy 4 : f i Ng wh I , i u i a i ‘Ain Pig i ava h ay CaN VW Wey vl X be rea / L . y . - ; * Lay ws af i. ' " Ter A ; > Pathe BOARD OF AGRICULTURE CHARLES J. MONROE, South Haven, PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD. HENRY F. BUSKIRK, Wayland, WILLIAM H. WALLACE, Bayport, AARON P. BLISS, Saginaw, ROBERT D. GRAH AM, Grand Rapids, THOMAS F. MARSTON, Bay City, - - WILLIAM J. OBERDORFFER, Stephenson, FRED M. WARNER, GoverNor oF THE STATE, JONATHAN L. SNYDER, Presipent of THE COLLEGE, A. M. BROWN, Agricultural College, Secretary. B. F. DAVIS, Lansing, Treasurer. STANDING COMMITTEES. Term Pape 1907 1907 1909 - 1909 tac fb Loa 1911 Ee- -Officio. Ex-Officio. The President of the Board is ez-officio a member of each of the Standing Committees. Bovany AND HorricuLTuRE, - R. D. Graham, H. F. Buskirk. BUILDINGS AND COLLEGE Property, - A. P. Bliss, W. H. Wallace. CHEMICAL, PuysicaL, BactTERIoLoc- ICAL AND OTHER DEPARTMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, - - - A. P. Bliss, T. F. Marston. EMPLOYEES, - = (iyi RD. Graham, Hi FL Buskirk : L. Snyder. ENGLISH AND . Maraemarics, 2) vst WA Wallace) Ti) Marston: EXPERIMENT SvTaTion, - - - - 4H. F. Buskirk, A. P. Bliss. Farm MANAGEMENT, “ihe yan Ts HS Marston; BRADY Graham: FINANCE, Bett ee sree DD. Graham sARee Bisse IORHSUR Ve het ie aie aa! ey AD PY Bliss, (A asBuaskirk, Farmers’ Instirutes, - - - - TT. F. Marston, R. D. Graham. LAND GRANT, a = ei hey os) wees) JA . Buskirkaiw 2-H Wallace LIBRARY, SET as a = >) Wi. EL. Wallaee Ar PS Biss: Mrcu ANICAL DEPARTMENT, - - + W.H. Wallace, R. D. Graham. Minirary AND ATHLETIC, - - - T..F. Marston, W. H. Wallace. Women’s Department, - - - - HH. F. Buskirk, T. F. Marston. STATE AGRICULTURAL COLEEGE | (Under control of the State Board of Agriculture.) FACULTY AND OTHER OFFICERS. JONATHAN L. Snyper, A. M., Ph. D., President; 2>¢ Feb. 25, ’96. Wo. J. Brat, Ph. D., D. Se., Professor of Botany ; aD July, 95. 70k Sept. 1,702. Frank S. Kepzin, M. S., Professor of Chemistry; 2 Sept. 15, ’80; >¢ Sept. 1, ’02. Wituiam 8S. HoitpswortuH, M. S., Professor of Drawing; # Feb. 22, ’81; b Aug. 22, ’87; ¢ ee oe 03. Levi R. Tarr, M. Ra Superintendent of Farmers’ Institutes and State Inspector of Orchards and Nurseries; # Aug. 1, ’88; »¢ July 4. 702, Howarp Epwarps, A. M., Ll. D., Professor of English Literature and Modern Languages; #>¢ Aug. 25, 790. HerMan K. Vepper, C. E., Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineer- me; @ >< Sept.15, 291. Cuinton D. Smiru, M. S., Dean of Short Courses, College Extension Lecturer; 2 Sept. 1, 93; ¢ July 1, ’02. Cuarutes L. Weix, B. 8., Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Di- rector of the Mechanical Department; 2° Sept. 1, 93. Water B. Barrows, B. 8., Professor of Zoology and Physiology and Curator of the General Museum; 2»¢ Feb. 15, 94. Grorce A. WATERMAN, B. S., M. D. C., Professor of Veterinary Science; abe Sept. 1, 798. Cuarues E. Marsuatyi, Ph. D., Professor of Bacteriology and Hygiene; 4 Sept: 1, 798; »¢ Sept. al, 702. Josmpy A. JEFFERY, B. S. A., Professor of Agronomy and Soil Physics; @ Sept. 1, 99; >¢ Nov. 11, ’02. Maup Gitcurist, B. S., Dean of the Women’s Department; 2»¢ Sept. eed AppIson M. Brown, A. B., Secretary; 2>°¢ June 1, ’02. Rosert 8. Suaw, B. 8. A., Professor of Agriculture and Superintendent of Farm; 2° Sept. 1, ’02. Ernest E. Boaus, M. S., A. M., Professor of Forestry ; #>¢ Sept. 1, ’02. ArtHur R. Sawyer, E. E., Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineer- ae abe April 11, 704. S. W. Frercurr, M. 8., Ph. D., Professor of Horticulture and Land- scape Gardening; ®»¢ Sept. 1, ’05. Carr. F. W. Fucmr, U.S. A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics; abe Sept. 1, 705. FACULTY AND OTHER OFFICERS. 7 Witeur O. Heprick, M. S., Assistant Professor of History and Political Economy; 2” Aug. 24, 791; © Sept. 1, ’93. WarkrEN Bascocr, B. 8., Associate Professor of Mathematics; *» June 30. 791;.¢ Sept. 1, 705. E. Sytvester Kine, Assistant Professor of English; # Jan. 1, 700; »°¢ Sept. 1, 702. JAMES B. DANpENO, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Botany; *?°¢ Sept. 1, 702. The names of instructors whose resignations took effect between June 30 and Sept. 1, 705, do not appear below. -THomas GuNnson, Instructor in Horticulture and Superintendent of Grounds; 2» April 1, 791; ¢ Sept. 1, ’05. ee Linpa E. Lanpon, Librarian; 2°¢ Aug. 24, ’91. W. S. Leonarp, Instructor in Mechanical Engineering; 2° Sept. 1, ’96. ae H. Perrit, B. S. A., Instructor in Zoology ; abe Jan. 1, 97. Mrs. JENNIE L. K. HANER, Tustructor in Domestic Art; 2>¢ Sept. 1, ’97. CHAace NewMaN, Instructor in Mechanical Drawing; ab Sept. 1, 797; €¢ July 23, ’01. E. C. Baker, Foreman of Foundry; *»¢ Nov. 1, ’97: CakoLine L. Hott, Instructor in Drawing; 2>°¢ Sept. 1, ’98. BertHa M. WELLMAN, B. S., B. Pd., Instructor in English; 2»¢ Sept. I 200: Saran B.S. Avery, Instructor in Physical Culture; 2»¢ Sept. 1, 700. Jesse J. Myers, B. S., Instructor in Zoology; #»¢ Sept. 1, 01. Louise FreyHorer, B. S., Instructor in Music; 2° Sept. 1, ’02. Harry S. Reep, Instructor in Chemistry; 2° Sept. 1, ’02. ANDREW KRENTEL, Foreman Wood Shop; 2”¢ Sept. 1, ’02. H. W. Norton, Jr., B. S., Instructor in Animal Husbandry; 2° Sept. 703: Harvey L. Curtis, A. M., Instructor in Physics; 2>¢ Sept. 1, 703. Cuester L. Brewer, B. S., Director of Physical Culture; *>¢ Sept. it. 703. Apert E. Jones, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics; #¢ Sept. 15, 703. Cc. A. McCug, B. S., Instructor in Horticulture; 2» ¢ Oct. 1, 703. Lesitis B. McWertny, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture; 25° June 1, ’04. *ALBERT G. CRAIG, B. S., Instructor in Horticulture; 2»¢ Sept. 1, 704. CARL GUNDERSEN, A. M., Ph. D., Instructor in Mathematics; abe Sept. i, 704; Water G. Sacxertr, B. S., Instructor in Bacteriology and Hygiene; abe Sept. 1, 704. W. W. WE ts, B. S., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering; 2° Sept. iL 04. EDWARD Boyer, Instructor in Chemistry; 2° Sept. 1, ’04. Eien B. Bacu, A. M., Instructor in Botany; abe Sept. 1, ’04. *aCHartes H. Sw ANGER, B. S., Instructor in Chemistry; = bes be Sept. 1, ’04. Otis N. Buarr, B. S., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering ; abe Sept. 1, 704. Fioyp O. Foster, B. S., Instructor in Dairying; 2¢ Sept. 1, ’04. Mary Wermore, M. D., Instructor in Bacteriology; 2° Sept. 1, 04. Arcus R. Aucer, B. 8., Instructor in Mathematics; 7° Noy. 15, 704. 8 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Kk. H. Ryper, A. M., Instructor in History and Economics; #°¢ Sept. 1, ’05: RacHet H. Couwewu, A. M., Instructor in Domestic Science; 25° Sept. 708. Bessiz Bemis, B. 8., Instructor in Cookery; 2¢ Sept. 1, ’05. ANNIE L. Ropinson, Instructor in Sewing; 2° Sept. 1, 05. Norma L. Gitcurist, A. B., Instructor in English; Sept. 1, 705. GLENN JAMES, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics; Sept. 1, ’05. L. D. BusHNELL, B. S., Assistant in Bacteriology; 2°¢ Sept. 1, ’05. *bH. F. Turrie, B. S., Assistant in Bacteriology; 2¢ Sept. 1, ’05. Otiver Burk, B. S., Instructor in Physics; 2>°¢ Sept. 1, ’05. S. C. Happen, B. 8., Instructor in Mathematics and Civil Engineering; ebcoSept. terior *cH, L. Larison, EH. M., Instructor in Chemistry; 2°°¢ Sept. 1, ’05. F. I. Rirrenour, B. S., Instructor in Chemistry; 2¢ Sept. 1, ’05. G. L. Stevens, A. B., Lit. B., Instructor in English; 2° Sept. 1, ’05. RupoLtpH ROSENSTENGEL, B. 8., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering; avec Sepis a, “Os: SHERWOOD Hinps, B. 8., Instructor in Mathematics and Civil Engineer- ines Pe Senin. 1. /0a. *d. S. Hunt, B. S., Instructor in Drawing; 2»¢ Sept. 1, ’05. Harry G. Waker, B. S., Instructor in Drawing; #°¢ Oct. 1, ’05. Frep C. Kenney, Cashier; 2 Sept. 18, 795; ¢ Oct. 1, ’97. S. Atice Haru, Clerk to Secretary; 2° Oct. 1, ’02. Cowan H. McGuean, Bookkeeper; ?>¢ June 1, ’05. Evipa YAKELEY, Secretary to President; * July 15, 703; >¢ Feb. 1, ’06. B. A. Faunce, Clerk to President and Editor M. A. C. Record; 2°¢ Sept. 1, 04. ; L. F. Newer, Engineer; #>°¢ Jan. 1, ’98. E. A. Bown, Architect; 2>°¢ Jan. 1, 02. Rowena Kecruum, in charge of College Hospital; 2>¢ Sept. 1, ’00. Cora L. FetpKamp, B. S., Assistant Librarian; 2»¢ Sept. 1, 705. a First appointment. b Present appointment c Present title. * Resigned February 15, 1906. ‘*a Resigned April 1, 1906 *b Resigned February, 1906. *c Resigned April 1, 1906. *d Resigned October 1, 1906 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE WiCHNGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE (Under the-control of the State Board of Agriculture.) STATION, COUNCIL. J. L. Snyper, M, A., Ph. D., Pres., Ex-oficio Member. Crinton D. SmirH, M. §S., Director. Pep beeibArcD. Mean Sia ELOrticulturist. R. H. Perrit, B. S. A., Entomologist. Aids EATTHN: Bs iS: - Chemist. CuHaAs. E. MarsHatt, Ph. D., * Bacteriologist and Hygienist. R. S: SHaw, B. S. A., Experimenter with Live Stock. A. M. Brown, A. B., - Sec. and Treas. ADVISORY AND ASSISTANT STAFF. S. W. Fietcuer, M. S., Ph. D., Associate Horticulturist. Gro. A. WATERMAN, V. S., M. D. C., Consulting Veterinarian. Librarian. Mrs. L. E. Lanpon, - W. G. Sackett, B. S.,° Asst. in Bacteriology and Hygiene. W. R. Wrieut, B. S., Asst. in Bacteriology and Hygiene. *T. A. FARRAND, - In Charge of South Haven Sub-Station. Leo. M. GersmMar, Chatham, In Charge of Upper Peninsula Exp’m’t Station. F. A. WILKEN, In Charge of South Haven Sub-Station. SUB-STATIONS. Grayling, Crawford County, 80 acres deeded. South Haven, Van Buren County, 10 acres rented; 5 acres deeded. F. A. Wilken. Local agent, Chatham, Alger County, 160 acres deeded. Local agent, Leo M. Geismar. STANDING COMMITTEE IN CHARGE. Hon. H. F. BUSKIRK, - - S Hon. A. P. BLIss, - - = Wayland. Saginaw. ShA EE WEATHER, SERVICE (Under the control of the State Board of Agriculture.) C. F. ScHNEIDER, Director U. S. Weather Bureau, - - Grand Rapids. * Resigned Jan. 1, 1906. 2 ACCOUNTS, OF DHE STALE. AGRICUL BU RAE COLEEGE FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1906. SECRETARY’S FINANCIAL REPORT. Dr. July 1; 1905. To cash on deposit, college treasumer........20+.-+59% $20,517 18 4qutlisg ALS SOS No) eR ofereh NCHA Lp aoa oes doe a MaMa ano oo coo 3S 1,994 65 June 30, 1906. To special appropriation receipts...................- 115,332 17 Brom) State Aeasurer: ace ne een. -- $94.500 00 From United States Treasurer...... 15,000 00 From institution and other sources.. 5,832 17 June 30, 1906. By special appropriation disbursements..............0++-eeeeeceees Pde sO 90Grs LOrcurrent ACCOMM TECCID Seis. ob <.-j--< aieujelalelsi sis uetetetel $195,768 96 From State Treasurer, land grant in- TOLES tess.) sie eta eas als teas teas ale Sia mice $70,286 56 From State Treasurer, one tenth mill LED Soot GR En amano Calemininic.o soo 47,000 00 From U.S. Treasurer, Morrill fund.. 25,000 00 From Institutions and other sources 52,545 81 From South Haven Experiment Sta- ELONUSS ok eB iite ote seein hekntheke esieernts 473 66 From Upper Peninsula Experiment PSHIEYHCOND ir ls HRA OaIGin Poo G ood OG 462 93 By LeneralaccountGispursements yoyo jase clsye afte leietelelels eistelctss sietal MToOmCcuLTent ACCOUMParme 4 eis vrei $184,959 52 From supplementary accounts...... 17,535 52 rononeyeloy Wyo, dehy slo (opol Javeh Ole Sone prin oaomdoan ooo dnp OO on eben suocou edge s20550 June 30, 1906: By cash on deposit, college treasurer................0:seeee+eeee=- $333,612 96 TaBLE No. 1.—Tabular exhibit of secretary’s report. Cr. $106,744 19 202,495 04 1,840 23 22/533 50 $333,612 96 Balance sheet, Transactions, July 1, 1905, Balance sheet, July 1, 1905. to June 30, 1906. June 30, 1906. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr ID} Cr. AS ec teas cisbenteere.el ee le SL O94, OD mlttnne svete SUG AAD | ete oleae cata oie $1,840) 23 3) cic eeeaeters College treasurer*....... DOV UT LSM ehitesee vie celles erelemisustel ales SO NGOs lee OS OO. || mieten Special appropriations...|.......... SO. 803 45 ii Ulbsso2) Lv ||) MOG R449 eh iene siete s $5,982 30 GUTreNP ACCOUNTS?) = nie leille i exis ols vee 122708 38) | 194882937 4) TEA OOOO 2 el te. snsteiete 18,391 43 Supplementary accounts... 2... 2. scien ses on. 936 59 LOO MOAN s isl Sce in cael csr ll case eee PRU ANS er titcete: ors. tela oe $22,511 83 |$22,511 83 |$311,255 55 |$311,255 55 |$24,373 73 |$24,373 73 *Treasurer’s statement is greater July 1, 1905, by $9,357.57 and June 30, 1906, by $9,861.06; warrants outstanding. TREASURER’S ACCOUNT. ne Balanceion hand July 1, VOO5. 6. icc ccs iene crete sane alels op = sis swe ese $29,874 75 Receipts from State Treasurer and SIO UELE Na Gere geerr cto. Os MECH eich 310,481 14 Interest on deposits, 12 months at 24 per cent...........c cece eeeees 798 66 Warrants paid July 1, 1905, to June 30, 1906....4 Balance on hand June 30, 1906 $341,154 55 Cr. $308,759 99 32,394 56 11 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ACCOUNTS. ‘sJUSMTBAOIdUIT AIpuNg 0} patajsuvs} “GO SST‘ 1S ‘yUNODOe sIy} WoIF soULTeG ey Lt £06'S ‘GO6T ‘OF 9uNne qunoodor Jo sourlRg FFL 90T$ *papued xo TeqOL 100'T 000 ‘OT 000° T 000‘T LE0°S 000‘¢ TL0‘OT 000 , cP OG 80° O1QRTIVAT [e}OL 00 00¢°60T$ LT GE8°S$ 00 000‘T 00 000‘OT 00 000‘T 00 000‘T 00 000°¢ 00 000°¢ 00 000‘ OT 00 000‘ SP 00 000°S 00 00¢‘9 68 SF 00 000' Sy 19 QL0'T 6 Rie ses ste o* 9T 98h‘FS | 00 000‘ crs *$a0.1n0s Toyo pur *AINSvATY uoTyNyysur | aVIg WoT UOT “Ivak [eosy Sulinp sydteo9y “Iamsvaly, “S A+ ‘SJUBWIBAOIdWIT AIPUNS 0} porLoJsuvt} voULTe SIL « 06 FOR‘OIS [oc POI, 06 FOF ‘OTS aParreeny sla. Chava ® Pete! cic Ga ey see PSr ee NCTE RNG aoured see ee sess: neOINgG IayywVoA ‘**"SuIpling sullaoursuy sess ss ssrosnoy Ano yTermadsg ‘30099 Vary A [NO [emadg *YyooyS Vary sh etteiatintel ateyialatelenoberers [lvadg ‘39048 aary “***“7etoedg ‘woes “dx qd “7 pag eR eee JULTq IaMOg pure 4USsry ontpooa»piyT hlovareAplenshsvalevehisice, eler wlehenhoreh@iceMe. svanal wa dielene pays [Roop e: hearst ¥ivielv vehaflellere wats anleleherelels S[PUUN, WOISU9}XST -asnoy] JeMod *“queiq IoMog 2 *squourd. KOI, Arpung - uoroodsuy pure ssuvory ATesINN pp VO E UOT}LIS JUOUITTIOd Xsy C6 aa “uoTyVIIdordde Jo owen “POGT ‘T Aine ‘syunodoe Jo d0ur[eg “GO6T ‘Og eune 07 ‘YO6T ‘T fine ‘mah qoosif of qunov90 uoynudouddn yoads fo quawang—'z% ‘ON WIaV, ey ae Nik o 12 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Taste No. 3.—Current account July 1, 1905, to June 30, 1906. Dr. On account of— To disburse- Cr. ments. By receipts. U.S. Treasurer, 17th annual payment under act of congress of August F VO RUS OO ns coensic tye asec cus aciwaehe satis eiteytess carers lope he & ohn nese ots ethene be ean uke e ener oo etcce eel oa ehclaratenane ete $25,000 00 State Treasurer, one-tenth mill tax.............. OOS eTE Ae shen’ fois ie covers [iterate siete eeete 47,000 00 State treasurer, interest on proceeds of sales of U. S. land grant.........)............ 70,286 56 PPATIES ery ice Sees tere ayis lave tens athe ne sate ae ac amie een ENTS] at arene reo ri dese) eater $79,229 20 907 40 ATA CAL UME IUG ts .3) oye ciate si Me Pole a ie coevelees a ke lel etape tee Lata tebe ey alee te retell 10,718 33 7,539 56 Honticultural departmentset 7 Shes os ein hclehe ore ocean © cen cbs ore 6,489 30 2,681 18 Mechanical: Ge partment oxic sic chee (tess spats leneveris oteneiar eater tals ave eoalanete Bona 7,120 35 1,961 53 LCT Sa GEDALDEGE bcc cosve ne wate Dinter pa ga rei oe ate nee olale yas ne eee ret £7,516 02 521 67 Gieamine se PArbUnen te fcc coe ker otene eee ei eilere ees Cle eon eee hay nee rates 2,070 31 277 29 BleectriGuiehtinex. 230 2). eee es cots oon eases 5D, 982030 |: \0 5). Gee tains AGE) LS Be eek ERE SE Cee eval “ha eeG ICR S RIO cia Oto D oi icterc $208,477 34 | $208,477 34 TaBLE No. 4.—Ezperiment station account, July 1, 1905 to June 30, 1906. Dr: Cr. On account of— To disburse- | By receipts. ments. Balance trom fiscal year July L, TOOSR Hea oct oc ete cl ceserore) dieie sake Cee eG re eres $929 95 WAS wireasrer LOT LSCAl VOAry. nik See cal ote a tov oreo tot = oe ee hero ewe coe oa etn eae Be nite ioreeneiee 15,060 00 ERMA E TA ICOTSE MRCOG rates ctricrs m ayaiese Meee Reel eck Cc A ae IO ee eae can omen ca ; 2,860 00 SEEM EES Ft STSIL A ee ee ea TS Be AE Os AER MRR YS nh es ee Zee a 2 US A Cg ee $5,967 80sec ean eeenee ama CEPALLMeNt - 21. bir wiv oe - 1s m1 wiercieis aR BoA eR ACen OA EyCO ne 3,656 06 1,357 03 ELOLUGUILMEAL GEDAT LMC Ustee bis ice clatretieicte eke oo rokalevoicie be Giese eras eects 430-63 2} ..2/oe cee eee PHeMaTeA Ce DADE bbe a ae ctes stocays tee cee tel s teustep/ace GICRU AG nas IW tee te ee 1,732 14 14 54 BGMiuicd epartMent: Gre avec tina seeicean eek, arels pol wretes is ee teremeeaete ere erste abo 43 95 11 40 Encomolopical departnientn..csms «ceo ciciie oe se hein see De ae tae es 776 58 1 60 LE OuH D3 S59 eS ce Rees RRS, ek srs Diy ARMOR a Aes Sr VE gen gene ute SSOP OG. cd acre GENE UA TNVGN OSLGO: om seco cree Ee Area Cee ere ataboeier ce hon sya oy annitersnatovchstoiaaee 643 27 241 05 NAG UTITICR ES (Ba SI Ie REMI ESAS, CPS 6 tol fice Wek Guan See Paes SER et 76 33 EU yee NC e «Sues Pe Wracts Baie nyehe Mpaeth okt fo aie Dem ne ar ae hau 60 45 - 54 IKE iro (el ah Bae, > ee en Cte Re re ksh kee ie ee an aR ret a 8. 989 11 BActeniolMrical Genartment.. i sh,s cg we ote este oie rele esi arere oto ere ae 1,320 91 URINE CHOLES TOMICE Le micats. oie ia cats hiohaic ee ecats Rares Pea esha ete amie are Os ave Mee 564 80 Balance on hand June 30, 1906, close of fiscal year..................08- 1,204 07 | DOTA er ehe te Roc ie eaten ie sO a oe tee Aree US TLIRUS GN Cs 6 HO eRe $20,407 11 $20,407 11 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ACCOUNTS. Taste No. 5.—Regular employes and salaries. Grade. President’s Office. IBEeSICOM te yeleisyentersusve ere a alse Fein: Agricultural Department. IETOLESSOT ie Meanie ead Sosa oid cre Socrates Professor of Agronomy........... Instructor Animal Husbandry..... Ass’t Instructor Animal Husbandry InstruictoniMainyines so. so. S. Instructor Agriculture............; Foreman of College Farm......... Clerk. Farm departmcnt......... Bacteriological Dept. IBROLESS OI eos ers ido cies eoesie tae Botanical Dept. IEROLEGS OLIN oie) cy wtens ccoreisier Aerie: Chemical Dept. IPTROLESSO Ribas cis) end in atredotone snes ISHNUGLOUS a is cei skereve dela c atecn o SOAS CEU CLOT petals pele) aie) ol Psieleicrs stele pe = CHEMmIStEE ps Stavione- cs. cclee a Drawing Dept. HEAT OLE CSOT ede caniohotelevepebet siete as |: iets, * Instructor Mechanical Drawing... . Instructor Drawing Instructor Mechanical Drawing.... English Dept. PTOTESSOM: gato ai sseiovalet (ilies bilicevnceretecite cclecreiee cstelerere 500 00 ODSEEVALOEY OUUILC LESO) Weta rte cpelete sree ster sia onion cierere 100 00 Bath house and fittings, built 1902-3.............. 17,000 00 JZEMT aE eS NOR oys OLOHUh RUT AS s.o au atom ecko O16 o.oo 6 Blog Gord — 150 00 . FVOSpitale.DUilterl 894 cesses teres cues letaieveis fe lahislnie en orelene 3,000 00 Bil barn; Gomi lt 9 Ober iaperctstierctsts cttescis teresa ema 1,500 00 Waiting room street car terminus, built 1902...... 1,700 00 Street car track and fixtures, 600 ft., built 1897... 360 00 Lumber shed, mechanical department............ 250 00 SST Oe seviasteyaiiailer ces oo ohalto Pau cay oeu tees te. ole acieier ai'ssekcter aera arene ete ets cee 210 00 Coal shed, built 1899...... RA EL RO OORT no 700 00 Women ss Dil dines pmiltielo OOk mere etic siieieeecrree tre 91,000 00 Dainyesbarn: “piudlte lO 00 sites ei cidelc. stawelstete ote cee lol evevere oa $665,383 03 3 18 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Arount brausht, TOrwart, <<. ..0< aks eccc vp ec cue owece eens Farm Department— Bere StU GENO o . Sioa og eo ew nino See ewe ee $7,850 00 CS Oe So) 2) ee pal eee ee Sees eso 1,196 50 Rave SOCK HHCOD oe on) emcee Sees wale bee seer 1,560 00 EGG SEEN OSES |. oW . BNE VENER TUROND to Oho orci ber, Srey eater wim jaa ay es sea 22 45 PRNSEIRIM ES: ARPA ve, cian & mek ie eo ON em ewer Vig ee Siemans 128 00 SSS th) Oe See eee eee Siete ae, cetera Serpe 300 05 SESS ROMS Gece soe Ge ee Sr eae ee eS ere ote 491 54 Pahoratory CQUIpMeEME .2..05% uc ewes Susie 279 15 WURMIEY PRIMES CCA ie BOA hc Ee Oe bee mee i 2,473 12 REINER ERMC le eda, Sore Sense oe ee ae 282 95 SEED SR ee ee | eee Spot AF -2 Seae8 1,642 90 OS EL Se ee oe ere en ae ensues 429 87 Department of Mathematics and Civil Engineering— Spurveyine MstramentS .<..6-. cee see ews ecewses $4,840 20 PRMOSTADNIC \WRALETEAL .. 2.0 cs oi ek Se ww en ewww ewe we 58 25 PROEIESS * SEPRGE TOMAR ME TURRESS: 5 oo 0 wn Sa Sh el enc aed tee See Se 1,246 94 ERS. POMS re ois Oe eS NG & tna athe a aa eae 235 50 PINGS, | SMM WOME oN ica caercnnids tlre references thee eae 440 95 Bncincerins ‘ClaSS FOOM ©. =o 2s 5 ewe cee ewer e ee 157 55 ASE rOneees SOUT E WA See kw cee a ee eee es 838 50 OGRS. sd PENICTS Week c Wimcce +k wks img ons 91 07 Mechanical Department— Gifice and class room fixtures. ..... 2... ..- ewe ens $2,807 7 Experimental laboratory instruments ............. 2,287 74 Experimental laboratory apparatus ............... 3,145 45 Drawing and mathematical instruments........... 177 47 Prine MACHINCEY. (ooo oct cua ss en eee ae 5,228 70 SNE APOE WOrkine LOGE... on ccsn o> esac e wn een 1,769 15 NVOOG-WOFrKIMNe -MACHIMEFY 2c cen cece eee weese 1,296 70 Senail) -woute workine™ tools. oo. sinew pace cance we seee 806 02. IRI IN 0 2h, rk weet ac e/a RA ss lta eee ee 747 13 ROR rete 5h i Cit ote ee ce atc eres b east 612 18 Deltmse. pulleys, shaftine, ete... .. . once cen nnsceee 362 48 Ps ears! Jorwere oo. WU. osc non auc cme re + aah ae een $665,383 03 21,047 00 7,117 43 7,908 96__ $701,456 42 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ACCOUNTS. AGT OUI OT OU Sis af OM WE Ce cyasrevete tetas ove) ce lcusierens: sieber efovetaacte eve erste, orere) aus $701,456 Mechanical Department—Continued: Officessupplies aANAWStOCK "vari «<1 che as ereeislere eeeueete $408 35 SUMP yar SUP DIES ia yarsy aks o\lahotebeetokers sual Gual ele: otepar a stenaee-cnerleracs 200 04 Machiney Shop "StOCK ” tf etberetatepe inciaysrierercusts selcics eee 1,064 04 COUT Ye SHOCK a seyias: ios P The act of 1890, usually called the second Merrill act, and granting to the college $25,000 annually, stipulates that it shall— “Be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physi- cal, natural, and economic science, with special application to the in- dustries of life, and to the facilities for such instruction.” The act of 1906, which we trust may always be known as the Adams act, grants additional aid to the experiment stations—$5,000 the first year, with an increase of $2,000 each succeeding year until the total amounts to $50,000 per annum. The provisions of this act lay emphasis upon research work. This college, in conformity to these acts as well as by direction of the various state acts of Michigan, offers instruction along the fol- lowing lines: Agriculture—including horticulture and forestry, engi- neering, and home economics. This work is preceded and supplemented by such other studies in science, art, history, and literature, as will tend to develop men and women of strong character, cultured minds, and refined manners. The college also offers during the winter months practical short courses in the various phases of agriculture for young farmers who are not able to enter upon one of the long courses. The college has graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science 1,218 persons, and more than six thousand have here received instruc- tion for a longer or shorter period of time. During its history the institution has conferred advanced degrees as follows: Master of Science, 106. Master of Agriculture, 12. Master of Horticulture, 2. . Doctor of Science, 4. Doctor of Laws, 38. The following table shows the attendance at the college during the last ten years: Entering Short Total Year. class. courses. jattendance. AL WIE AE ME RV SC, 8 he, 2G fats DIEM eee tS ck Gs oe cre LOS Mk ake vGae 393 JUS Co BiG Goes ae RE EEE Tot OPM Ace init pont ie Stee Si en aS eee ee aL cyte 135 65 467 NSS REE Ree Naa chs cia iva. 5,0 bse auatebdms eee: OSU PM io CRON ENGL ves relic er oR ap TE einai 244 71 528 UPSET oo aha Oe Rees a oR Or ro es, tl ADI nc eNO AAU Cy al eR 293 71 627 LUGO, 2. 2 Bichal ct See See SCG Rear Sci a pang hy 4 CREP A RE AMER ihm Cute: 250 $1 652 UG LOY SSS hie hd ACRE PRISE RCE Kone 4 Acorcnn en ce einem see | tet Be 271 94 689 em rreeT CR THe Rieniaite’s o) wlolis va cyard a wand Ale chavcertnidgete’s C/E acc m5 apne ee 349 148 854 CAO s ans RNE Er ccOheFoue Rates Ky ol. va, '< forse) etrahvs aesthldva, MAMAN MSD Ne aati ate a tote ML eee ae ud 377 137 917 PRP ER TONG Eo aiejic ch rekella ot Novice ca k Ueurane ete ReRae OTe coats aT eine ner cre 351 162 1,009 UU 39, Bl Ay Miche ee aC R One Of CEERI MP EI TS DRC SESE EN PER GARE Say CHEATS eee 290 184 950 DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 23 Summary of enrollment during the past year. Te ea ee a | : = oO n ne = qa f=) ey : = 3 o 2 2B Pile camo ler foe tT v = ® yg = es & | rae a OS TET RUMU ALE Sore, ey botegteatons Sec tre ty eect aietanncate edancl cies med aueeeraNsUtiey oi, 8 Sh lin severe a. hee 3 CLASS OHERUG Sep octet ct ehe oe ie arene Soa ayes a. cabs Sees e eae. el 15 44 17 1 77 WIASSOR Ds Oiie., ative ote loptiets avenue: ©, vei nid 2 OO A EE descr aay eeaeels 41 59 | 3} 5 128 WRASSE Ow dO sete satel chai ctete.c Reve & cesta x eyetele eile ovens: hohe Qe stare 36 | Tl 25 3 135 WiASS AO Rez OD br tacrs a idiccnler A whee. sc ie ape ee Ta aes a tenes tet dbus ahs 58 117 27 7 209 POM ALOSIIIOII a orayajeiaateysie: oy ars) o's ois fevers phaveneentn = haley s)is,ou ae loys) ol ckelaey aeons 31 73 24 6 134 SHE CIALP SLUGEMUS tre citkels te solic tS cre A ORE ede einen ker atone 18 22. AS ee ee 85 = Ry is & P| ® ; as o Beg | caamiimeee || eli Ness wos rs, a oS Ss =e a ® 60 SW) Se 3 ) Od S) | i Special course students.... 7 13 94 57 | 13 177 a |teeets as || See 184 | BOTS yoy cia arc) saya yes oreo neal tel Si atleotel ater ane Gi acarecac slater eae enaiey es eienate te 379 393 161 22 955 WEANEHENAIMES TEPCALEC 55 ocicyiusie easnshe ees 5 fois sa a ea LaL cote See (aloe coset | ons Coral | eee eee 5 IT ATOLLS aap rape rarer Sata) aus a: Sucve tener sy sel eiss o's; arayetoks 19.6 19. exe ede || ako elese [hel oe | ee ee 950 The faculty of instruction at the present time numbers 73 persons, and the number of other regular employes of the college, not counting day laborers, is 14. This corpse of workers is organized as follows , FACULTY DEPARTMENTS. President’s Office: J. L. Snyder, A. M., Ph. D:, President. B. A. Faunce, Clerk. Elida Yakeley, Secretary. Secretary’s Office: A. M. Brown, Fred C. Kenney, Cashier. Cowan H. McGugan, Bookkeeper. S. Alice Earl, Clerk. Agricultural Department: R. 8S. Shaw, B. S. A., Professor. Jos. A. Jeffery, B. S. A., Professor of Agronomy. A. ©. Anderson, B. 8., Instructor in Animal Husbandry. H. W. Norton, B. S., F. O. Foster, B. S., Instructor in Dairying. lL. B. McWethy, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture. C. D. Fick, Foreman of the College Farm. Clerk of the Farm Department. Bertha Marshall, Instructor in Animal Husbandry. A. B., Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture. 24 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Bacteriological Department: Chas. E. Marshall, Ph. D., Professor. Walter G. Sackett, B. S., Instructor. Mary Wetmore, M. D., Instructor. L. D. Bushnell, B. S., Assistant. H. Foley Tuttle, B. S., Assistant. Botanical Department: Wm. J. Beal, Ph. D., D. Sc., Professor. J. B. Dandeno, Ph. D., Assistant Professor. Ellen B. Bach, A. M., Instructor. Chemical Department: Frank S. Kedzie, M. S., Professor. Harry 8S. Reed, Instructor. F. I. Rittenour, B. S., Instructor. C. H. Swanger, B. S., Instructor. KE. A. Boyer, Instructor. -E. L. Larison, M. E., Instructor. Drawing Departinent: W.S. Holdsworth, M. S., Professor. Caroline L. Holt, Instructor. Chace Newman, Instructor in Mechanical Drawing. H. G. Walker, B. S., Instructor in Mechanical Drawing. Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering: A. R. Sawyer, B. S., E. E., Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering. H. L. Curtis, A. M., Instructor. O. W. Burk, B. S., Instructor. Department of Physical Culture: C. L. Brewer, Director. English Department: Howard Edwards, A. M., LL. D., Professor. Ii. S. iting, Assistant Professor. G. L. Stevens, A. B., Lit. B., Instructor. 3ertha M. Wellman, B. §8., B. Pd., Instructor. Norma Lucile Gilchrist, A. B., Instructor. Bessie K. Paddock, B. 8., Instructor. 4 Forestry Department: E. E. Bogue, M. S., A. M., Professor. Horticultural Department: S. W. Fletcher, M. S., Ph. D., Professor. Thomas Gunson, Instructor and Superintendent of the Grounds. Cc. A. McCue, B. S., Instructor. A. R. Kohler, B. S., Instructor. Chas. Davis, Foreman of the Grounds. History and Political Economy Department: W. O. Hedrick, M. 8., Professor. KE. H. Ryder, A. M., Instructor. DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 25 Institutes and Nursery Inspection: L. R. Taft, M. S., Superintendent. Library Department: Linda E. Landon, Librarian. Cora Feldcamp, B. 8., Assistant Librarian. Mathematical Department: H. K. Vedder, C. E., Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineer- ing. Warren Babcock, B. 8., Associate Professor of Mathematics and Secretary of the Faculty. Samuel C. Hadden, B. S., Instructor in Civil Engineering. Sherwood Hinds, B. 8., Instructor in Mathematics and Civil Engi- neering. Carl Gunderson, A. M., Ph. D., Instructor in Mathematics. A. E. Jones, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics. A. R. Alger, B. S., Instructor in Mathematics. Glenn James, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics. Mechanical Engineering Department: Chas. L. Weil, B. S., Director and Professor of Mechanical Engi- neering. W. W. Wells, B. S., Instructor. R. Rosenstengel, B. S., Instructor. O. N. Blair, B. S., Instructor. W. 8S. Leonard, Instructor in Machine Design. A. T. Krentel, Foreman of the Wood Shop. I. C. Baker, Foreman of the Foundry. Clara B. Purcell, Clerk. Military Departinent: Capt. F. W. Fuger, B. S., U. S. A., Commandant. Veterinary Department: Geo. A. Waterman, B. S., Professor. Women’s’ Department: Maude Gilchrist, B. S., Dean. Jennie L. K. Haner, Instructor in Domestic Art. Rachel H. Colwell, A. M., Instructor in Domestic Science. Sarah B. 8S. Avery, Instructor in Physical Culture. Louise Freyhofer, B.:S., Instructor in Music. Bessie Bemis, B. S., Instructor in Domestic Science. Annie L. Robinson, Instructor in Domestic Art. Zoological Department: : Walter Bb. Barrows, B. 8., Professor of Zoology and Physiology, and Curator of the General Museum. R. H. Pettit, B. S. A., Instructor in Zoology and Entomologist of the Experiment Station. J. J. Myers, B. S., Instructor in Zoology. 4 26 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Miscellaneous: C. D. Smith, M. S., Director of the Experiment Station, Dean of the Short Courses, and College Extension Lecturer. E. A. Bowd, College Architect. L. T. Newell, Engineer. Edward Gibbons, Plumber. Rowena Ketchum, Nurse in charge of the College Hospital. Instructors in Short Courses: Walter EK. Spreiter, Carpenter shop. L. J. Smith, Blacksmith shop. James Fisk, Blacksmith shop. Franc Bennett, Accounts. Roy E. Potts, Babcock testing and Lactometer. A. J. Patten, Agricultural chemistry. K. A. Edgerton, Creamery mechanics. Jay Pullen, Buttermaking from whole milk. Helmer Rabild, Buttermaking from gathered cream. The work of the past year has been satisfactory in all respects. The number in attendance, while a little less than that of last year, mainly on account of lack of accommodations incident to the burning of Wells hall, have been of higher scolastic standing than those of any previous year. Of those entering the regular courses last year 57 per cent were of college grade. It will be the policy in the future, as it has been in the past year, to advise very earnestly those of doubtful preparation ‘to spend more time in the high school before attempting college work. The number of students enrolled this year as sub-freshmen and specials was 62 less than last year. This shows, as previously indicated, that the falling off in attendance was in those classes of persons least pre- pared to enter upon college work. No doubt many of those thus pre- vented from entering will find their way into this college either next year or later, and will then have such preparation as will enable them to do college work successfully. Largely due to the greater care exercised in the admission of students at the beginning of this year, a very small number were compelled to drop out during the year from inability to do the work required. The complete statistics of the.enter- ing class are shown in the following tables: DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 27 Students entering during the year, not including those in special short courses. Items. Men. Women. Totals. IN| Vara ayers Giolvergtat es oy Choon a acing OO Uomo mmo On coo One So 219 fal 290 FAN CLAP CARE epete ye aie: cre cchetarccsusias ayaa ai eheyisieneh oro) spevelegeirage ced hehe tele) ayaiisraries 19.6 19.4 19.5 Schools previously attended: 1eDGdn, ROMO ES cic pe SUG on eS ca.cld Giainqoumn uc cco ool booms 167 58 225 DISETLCTOS GINO Oly mparcuar i eseieier on chi, o iG rM nero Me Ra rsustroncliatleirerosucnare a wuerioverakoita 21 5 26 (CLOUT SrEFNS SCE rans Ment at oC ero C RCO a ch O ns LiCroReICIONG GRNEVO CHOOT Crowns 11 2 13 SDS m a OETMeal evra toy crema ya odes ay cirauatck ore tame eibetemaneteris cue ach nape oven siiowerwe teresa 2 1 3 LBB KETO es on 6 moO baton clo ba colaneoe qla am!s ao ola dice sar 18 5 23 Entered college on: i eae SCHOO MAG OMI Aes e cuckeue els cso he Roksan see beneteyall~) steed onetete 88 32 120 11; = aig] aime re ole\ (obi o) onaat eee Meri oo ciclo 6 (acs 24 Ome ono Oc oor 20 5 25 fReachen Sy/Centificate sesso ka oe oo tenet rN ss OIDs seas rouse evoreronatens 3 3 6 {Na aeea Gey Siiabhoecy AO Me neo 5 bic. cuoooomooms au coun a qe 47 19 66 CollesenstanGinee ery. So ake shane soe reels evee eter lo, lotelle oliakel eexo\e 10 2 Wy STALeMMOLMale Shall Gimesae \leni ove siciareletiteneienerene oiaierekey ie een eicn ate ‘ 1 1 2 Lee. eleva KeinOlinksies Neb boobaoonoo Cuba ooo Oooo am oodas 11 4 15 LOS. CoraTVGE RN eros peta DI Cio aD EE POIECE DOCTORS Gao Ooo a aueo aesina tho 24 2 26 IN EID Foe Ul ee Pa ENOTES CIO RCE RETR ROE HE DIED WEIN G O.0 OI O-Craitors o hion 15 3 18 Support while here: INU EDGED Wererarearic co PANS a ecct a orarrAie wUare TOV ona Ce(ah ahelig ohana neh peri relat ao hats 120 41 161 SATS Bic cre SEOs GIDE OIC OETG OCD ciety aig ao oo ra mGiorere. oe Uiois of 61 iy 78 IPATEMUSMATIC SELES esac oe cae ar oie Aiea caer eiciter ah ore epee tousionene arelehs 24 a 31 HVEG UMC Torey eau donc mietate scansbohevehe aaneic Stale yelotoret ei ahshome Gre emennucaabarcns Ans lb eaarer Seis tise +t GUAT ATR faye ST Ieee ara Neen ro et ntouo etiou saint cant ogee some) easter: 9 3 12 OUIERESOURGES Eyer eicic ehatetsictelaverustereketatshelerciers: sialevausieresessreucharenetere 1 3 4 Occupation of father: } BAPE Tepes cn seca eon tekeyancwal.c) olav olan center le evan aterfeyats clan en ene to er allened ay cleuctraiall| Poreyeuestotateners\s 3 3 WAT PCINUETE reece clothe oie oie te einieds copie ron FeLacuelebeccyars (sito colesch sehen 3 2 5 @lerpryaman Sey, Mateitiacuche atten eeterele ERR eo eid: sinh ee tr chore Heme re 3 1 4 WOmTRACTON acstsre ois olerov are o clini ciel s stays) otere mucdeReuelercrare teres staradaneraifeya 3 i 4 IDECEREEC!S goo dooeccuoegeanadoo toss uagEtsumsndadooanoomur 11 4 15 PUSS ae chen hae ores Aa obey ai ou svaveiolel oh okeuanshevevonen aladets Safes aeuegs seuckiclsp si euent 2 3 5 laGHTOT. ouegpovenubeoeRoog bose MeddcoCUCUdocJc oood HOpenubeas BP) Weogio tio bow,£ 2 Sina (Gmelag TaNEEND) Ooo obo bo CoogoneuS oc aboeMenapsuBbooe 5 ya! 6 BUMSIME STG (ELV Fever kate ayahcoiace tan ais a ue ake GY seattelbevecl abs sesveectes) ahaveileTe vcs a PRR ORY cou 4 PRAT De etree peer ced er ieee ae Ie ashe Tete Se EP ouictate Omen a Bye sue, suave 90 24 114 IDE IATELS Sec co IEG Heo tthe PRG EOE CRE Eiko cick etois, ChmC ici: Orci e etch saree bth | Saaeienorcie ease a PGUTNU I GRO T tevaper sini. ceelecher Seca eter ais once fait a Pe tod act sllsy ahs. esp eisal sian sspieytesoeleiae« 3 1 4 VPATAUIP ACUTE aisycra) a cua onavet cles take) crareioretic eesie: abartoreel a ele emmlcnsiaat ei a coeys a 2 6 TC ELVA CBF oratare taney shesche sat skate St OneRal chORTT Gee ERSU ORCI Deciets vuswe cyaicel suakaveass's 5 3) 8 VEC TCT AN eyee ete ry anette cette naka ei aye eee eh cep ace see rol shah or euees) otleettel settee 24 3 27 AVIS Tern sacteps toe ore erer save carers, ehenel cece MRM cA aed Farewells: aficitalZoneuaites « By Wesabe sncuatartete 3 IVTATUL TA Peete 3 ikeratrehavicks. cova ci aitcs chai dct aahe astray ny chistiomepere tet oes cece hey svteepentnladtee le tllthl ie VSCOM Feicsiie: sy’ais)/e) soars 5 MITSCEMAME OUST SN eiene tie al enctie wo ony lobo takenerchaken alee eich freiteyth ieSeWans) staal eveltacte 21 4 25 ING FANE Ge Soc lotrg.oln canons Coo oO fmoclobie cco S angio nano pI oe 14 10 24 MEAVSY Glau egetel epeyeiedaie oteletey als euspeneeact ae Mater oboe Renee shay ev cnaltelsl ar sttey tebe sy= 3 i t Railroad Fem ployee. jo sce 4 « desebocueakoe bares oy aes eel ste weet eel eleveratehe 6 i 7 FRE ANMES GALE che istadatitetenel ai: ot oi ate cahe chew a ereeenc begs: Ulirte rat iar atteyeieasl erssviets eslpaiss 2, 3 5 A DGEENG AVS EC erecet ene CAREC ACHE EE OIC ao 0 10 Lie Che a HONE EH Strobe CRE Da 3 4 7 Proposed occupation after leaving college: PM FINeeE (ASTICULETINA)) oe «2 «overtone tees rctemer Any eit ata ciate) ae acelianers foe 1 ae oR US Al 1 IDA (ONBIDY oO ero Rigeciogiec dur co beolops GoM Biol cick ore mnolol oe LON Bester coi il PN eIMEET (CLECETIGAD) hire cis avg eae eneieceselsce) Sus ienevelsha spake sishela cite ose is i EAD PES Ban Biol WF Pnpineere(MeEhaniGal) (sj. se ae seanlave etal ete siete sed ebay aiotcvelel sa! sialic BON |eee Pureeoanes crete 35 BM PANESrs CULT) See ie ose st euttlarer te asc N sus ucla ate eteballersbs ao 4c Palen eens cc 2 EP UTIVN Css sere ci craton ieee siete ec attes oeiiay ore oNon ave eis. Shshe. eu seega vara sosuse is sues o)!s QGi Nueces her aenonee 26 HOR ESTEL. oases Sik Blane cite Mere vat tone ao anerenere stepwise ed cenataa es egsthte sce ve Bl bee Mal heecectenpee ola 6 PERO TCL UG UIIS Gatien cae te eee Ia cihetetetepareyere tors] Munk MU pep amet aetete 2 MISCHA Se Sots nae RO cete te calcd icin shiraiataninc Siaisdercsere ||| jar 1 tot Mararieteraeetemens z= Miscellaneous 7 10 ANEGVE RVI EU Sore OR ROTH RO CRTIOID oO 6 O-cl1c, ocr Sto ORoIC Sante Oar ERE REae nic ieneae 20 27 Uncertain 44 150 23 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Church membership. Denominations. Members. | Preference. Total. TBF GD ea eenie Seas bore cients Mokalenas ei heshetomeig teins Pal DDIM ER EI eu ier ei tens 9 14 7453 PounchyoriChmisttaiie. b) GEGET csv. ey Pewee wits te, o,lie an Serece Sones 72 3 5 MHUTEH On CHLISts OS CLELIPISLic nisretsue. euscievaes se) cues shade Weretele ele tevavene 9 2 2, 4 Conpreratlonalls.| iyi e Ger eee ce niente ely Oh Romina wake nee 18 23 41 DPCM EVELODINIEGS Oech Sp eveses wrcie elere Ovals itiaysre eo keleinne Creede ere Dey sere eee 2 EI ISCO Dalaran aes eave pec otatene sack Meteia aay Hay oe Glee led orate state a) Avollake 19 4 23 LE ayaegel kere Soe 1s Ree ae ee oe Seas ek ee me en Se Gi ae ee 2 1 3 TES ISN a108 ISIS SIR A rece eae ae rR ae oP en Sn ear er eee 1 1 2 GR ASO aed racic DECREE EY ARC ICR CCH Re ale eee or Et mrgene ne 44 curiich o/ Suoice aera Ee 2 1 3 ILFOH oie Wale Ai ee ES eh eee Age Cot coins Se va Os RA CED eine ae 3 1 4 Me HOdISh ME PISCODAI ci s)s.cetneie a scinic.c cin dion regen heme ia) ooze Seen 31 40 7p MEH OCIShmETOLES bOI t. -.:.1a spree a uel cy ton rol oben se att inre ool De ae ra acces, 1 IMGT LEER ES ah eee ame Pe eae Me OP LG Coa OO ee eRe LOE eee re 1 MVOMPTETETOTICE ens 2 ose ue tele tallels hike coe hile oeeeteietee Oars oie tetera e scw, dhs''x’ie. eiareieuei|tukeMentegleie Rope nel| ener emeneerEm ane 45 RTESDVPellaty ot wiealicns eae tN tone se vaiektcstuatenieiWavete ow © asa paeeeeie 17 21 38 AGES ONE LIAIE DCMU T EC) kee sepees Stein ee tS OP mney Gr es cools. Seals crete DN ic cee QD CCNA a CAEL OULG seb ancir a note Oras ew iota c. swan ea eye og Suess epic sanaute 15 1 16 United Bretheren i 1 2 LUTTE Ay, PRS VS oa SIG eae G Sie REMI cI CLERC ac ice anes in eh ode Saran Ne ; 1 MATER METS LL SU ager ener tas paces Bua oi tne! actin tue adsskieten sis iejieiie 6/0 suotteba Gene Taye 1 2 3 Counties represented in the entering class. il AIK AS Kai. cuca cit sieve ates eine ee canes 3 6 KalamazOos...22 so2. ceese eee. D al ONb. eteccpe a psa er os cleat Ge tee oe 12 2 PCOLs ve Bees cus aneuane an Augie eae oe ae 1 4 Lenawee. o.25 52 ch eta be oA ee oe Or 12 4 DAVIN GSEOWMG dy. (e.c sare ducst > amoati ee eee oie 4 2 MaGOMDi4 she Are ae sro ae Oe eens 2 6 Marquetten s.iic neces sueieneeaere ov af 6 Midland)s.r..2.2 sind ca caseeie a Menon a aos 1 8 Missaukee ciau ) Accas in ots eee tetra erase 1 1 Morntealinis 2 252.1) Wieee tase eee 4 1 ING@WRy 20.22 5s ls Seas tse Hee oe 3 (CI OTRYEN ANS Gain Gos Be Oe eo ae ere 4 Oaklandie is. sthechah sages poor. 1 AO Miia Onur ttre ks: sensiaieretelnie sts oete 8 Oceana x sais F5 hs dic. otek Mt near 2 PDX GLIMSOM Metso teeeneh stkerchs vate ren Pic elchere ee le 1 Ontonagoms : 8925. See see af PEVTOL ei cte cle gattels ces alesaiteha t sca sters bts 13 OSGEOai 2 Bs a Hedy ashen tet ae 2 PPIITAIIIG ttm etal Sei ayiasre,2/eteoe a epi viareheve'e © 2 Ottawarie hepa hmealhoc sce ones 2 (ChEvRVESIOEE ate CPs eee Leen Bes See aa 8 SE ychash care egy en. ot eee UA Pte} 6 MEMS ITG WUT AWMETSEYs)4)5 00 Ai als screenees 2 SGCHOOLELAIU ewes amt tee eke oc ea eee 1 PETTING Rye Webs Ste eaas tenteey ore tetas thin) Be 4 HLA WASSEB. (a. Sancta okt cet orem 4 PLOMPNE OM Ayes toons od Slots cole 4 Stea@lair’:,. 5: Sa scutes ores Wee ene e EIU cpa ey airs ose er docks s) siete 3 Sh SORG ps hey, ja Serene teks heres este 5 TS) Pee ARH ERR ere Cel ERIS SIRS c 45 MISCO Bs coe s.5-o te ee etee threes 3 MOT et iealecs cs Rie santee stein ad 7 Vatr Buren. : eawete ie cre ic eeisie oe 10 GAC Pan ta cyt ays Pe erelta Mute: caste cate 1 Wiayile so. ic sc feibetee: teres 19 SEW OCLC SR et CANS OS te ee es Aree 72 Washtenaw 2k hagcscis acer em cea 3 SMCS COLL core hes Kies Nehad oleh dors foteficgetatucte ods eal ake 6 DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 29 Other states represented. GENET ATA ctent ty a aeetarcion nce orate aoe DPT CN@w. Oro ose ce cy ae | Nene ee 3 ETT OIS. Serece te es Cee erie eta che tat ALOT us @WIO gc wtcn a ante eh iaeae. pO ene ane eae 4 MGA. Sere Oe a oe Anica eee ae 2?) ( Renusyl Vania: 2h din at ones hie bean 4 MassaGhvsetisuse ss ne daca. ce decinile ne 1 RAISSUG sia Goh ores eh hee ee ae 1 MiTITIESO Laser wo eta Gin cto suds old Bana leve eae 1 Wisconsin's dC: Jae ee eee 1 AOE A cS Re eae ca aR RCHCALHE Leto RCTS CTC NC ENCARTA ECD ECR LT A Re Pe Pa td nk 22 The baccalaureate sermon was delivered this year by the Rey. Robert W. McLaughlin, D. D., pastor of the Park Congregational Church, Grand Rapids. The commencement address was given by the Hon. Geo. H. Maxwell, editor of “Maxwell’s Talisman” and chairman of the executive committee of the National Irrigation Association. In addi- tion to the commencement oration, the class, as has been the custom for years, was represented by three speakers, one for each department. Mr. C. A. Wilson spoke on “The Farmer in Politics.” Mr. J. R. Lam- bert took as his subject “Hydraulic Power Development,’ and Miss Alida Alexander read a paper on “Women’s Influence in Public Af- fairs.” The gradunting class this year numbered seventy-four. The number graduated from the agricultural course was small on account of the change in entrance requirements when this class entered the college. The names and addresses of the class are shown in the fol- lowing table: Poole, John k., ie. Potts, Ray G. Potts. Roy C Ranger, Karl om Rasmussen, neearine. e Robinson, Lulu B. Robson, Albert 7....... Salisbury, Hugh C., e Sanborn, Leslie M.,e.2...... Skeels, Dora, w........ Smith, Leslie J. Smith, Lrnest, F,. e.... Spencer, Louis M., Stanton, Walter Stevens, Kinton Strand, W. C., Taylor, JCHHE. Wc. s oe Taylor, Joseph Bs Wi Ison, Ay, ee eee Wilson, William Peet Wilson, William P., e Washington... Battle = Ludington. . Flushing... Harriette. . Petoskey... Otsego.. Eaton Rapids.. Al Rieder kde tek ana ical ..| Clifiord Bay City, Detroit = 5 <)<12. Mackinac Island.. Washington...... Santa Barbara.. 30 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Name. Postoffice. PATS, Pehwiih EPs 16. oo). 2 sicscin ede epaiaee neuter Cesaning: 5osi2 oe ome iets Mlexarider, AWGB) We 6 oe sae ee cer vesem o CHOU A > wjcrcre tion oe oem oie Anderson, Al lOroshy, G25. 6 oc.<\asjeu.c maaan = Barestville. oi 35% cats sep oe PTE PATI AEC OI, © cise Sn Bb ects Me hale iets = Agricultural College.......... AEMISEFONE | SECOGG. © os ,5ia’j010/0,0%8 os meieyere wes = 13 F173 (2) eee eee ee ee PAEMetie ErOware CEL. S27, 2.0 oe oc 'a w oit ote.e ale = Pomnbine: oo i oo. 2 2 ue oe pee Peckbers WP ASEM IN NC. aloe welamis Saracens = emie Mi ORG es ote se aia ave atime arpa ers ESEEEE CE CAIPIEL (Or-, (Glen cc acl e eles we wale ele Milford 5. c3:. ss oe scars aeieae “Boomsliter, George Eos Son Ste ee Pe aiageuePanie erate ro Grand Haven.. Boughton, "Carl LS Oa 1 Pek en, eek gece IEFAVEESG (O1GY occ p:3-0 2 ees wean Bucknell, Howard c, (7 EA, Nee Se SEES SO Rr ge Cesmterville... oc ee use eae NCTC YATE ED 2 Ole 2 sak ce seers Atle oe CHAMEYGES a5 32 Ble aoe eee Campbell, ora OT. sD ee et ark b tice eereere aro Okemos! soo os oa ee ce ones Case M BIOFORCE WR a cic recede ee hee acho IBGE 2 05135 See ee ee Masha aU CRORE (Car Cs coef Sic ciao Gc Hote a evaute Galiee® 2.12 o.oo OSIP RET NPICS KPA CE oe Swoosh ie eats Uae Diese ejevere ee Agricultural College.......... Crosby, Henry EES Urata P te Oe Oe oe Shree Odks. 7242 core aves ce Dorsey, Maxwell J., “a. He Ad Re Ee AG: are ae Dresden.) joe sass ae eee - Flaconer, Archer ice SEEIAS Ae A ee eee ets Agricultural College.......... Farley, Fred eee on eRe a oS aay ed se oes RHLOWG .. Soo ic Roya sds Siele oe Farrand, Bell. w. ee Late a aaa oa eine crc ie ye alters JACKSON) 8 oy oc ee a eo we Fisk, Pee Urata ete Oe. cone Shes ce te Collings fa.2 0. BRS is Francis, ey dS I ane, Se aig Stee Charlevers 2) 3.5 oe eee PiccHnian ) DlaneGHe 6D. 202,35. 225. oe eee le Danisine: See cea eae aes CPORIGT SOLE 7a riot 9 Ey ee ee ee ae Musketons |. 2.268, ate ce ete pEe lt Hive WOEMANEUER VO-2 - Soc. cca ee ote a eae Owosso’; =. oan ee tee oe easier. Ubrarmke MONG... Cod tee hs aes cea Pelista. Sehoe o.oo tee aoe eee Hagadorn, Earl, Pins ae Tah OR papry! QREMOGR.. sie: 3 os two Caeee Hebblewhite, Gilbert | Witte Te 2. fee ae Armagdas foc. 2. cS So ttibete vie TG) Gay dT eo 7 ee a Arima c(i ses eae ae Hough, Walter | aT) Beads BPE ete ane ATTA as tt 2 ee ee ese: EPOSMONG | Wis oc Lise stele oilers 313 oe BSB ooo cad ope + come aera Ree i ECO ELON ie Co ee a-o etary. Save ale ac Siei or ete/stefow ROckiort.s) o. s268 See eee erngrcke Parl We jess. 6 ck ees eee Reading te. 326 3 see Os Pee EERE S COU WN MERCED IIUS |. cme ings ae wrotwle weve MEANISCEG ese So aan eee ea SERENE MORASS BLES. OSS so Swiss lo oreo ht ahem Sete re Washington. a5 02228202. Ae PESETH DEEL ee MONTE OE SO! Borger oe 6 tw ad Ste wiialonn = RIES ek Soe ee Be, oe ee RBPCICT Ny WEAEERIUIS © Eoa,! C53,20- eae Oo 2 ies © Sere Grand *Hapids!. 272225. a. -ee WaiWECHCC OaERIC. “ARS... osc 2s sc cee oe ae sole HASOMS.: 2 ono pe eect oen ee PimIetier, Sram Dy Gl. 6.c wickets clenccelw as Benzonia WERE ANGE oD EAING C557 6 oc ce new dou aes Csi ee ee ae ge ar ate eS LG GL Dc 01 3 1 A ene Caro hee Se coe eee WEST INPEANIE) UASEATE. Gu 2 hob cota vere crereie wet Owessoe oS 32 oo ocd bes Wastenbrook! Henry, J. €......+ sees ses. os Grandvillesie fos suns Bais Matthews, Mildred Mi. Wo... csi ws wwe ne Lansmiptsee eo. sce ee eee Morgan, William E., HDetrorbe ee Sat eR ee Neilson, Wilhelm, e.. Howell oscar oediesc sk oats Northrop, Zae, w.... Thompsonville hatter Hees one oe Peters, Gertrude, w.. SPE ae a ea ie ce Phippeny, Max, m... Manisiiguess. =. ean ee ere Grand Traverse. St. Joseph. Charlevoix. Ingham. WISCONSIN. Missaukee. Charlevoix. Ingham. Muskegon. Shiawassee. Hilledale. Manistee. Macomb. Shiawassee. Kent. Ingham. Wayne. Livingston. Benzie. Jackson. Schoolcraft. Mackinac. Macomb. Macomb. Calhoun. Mason. Ingham. NEW YORE. Oceana. Genesee. Wexford. Emmet. Calhoun. Ottawa. Barry. CALIFORNIA. Allegan. Eaton. Lapeer Lapeer. DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 31 Master of science. Name. Postoffice. | County. SEAS oe raNile) Ae OPES Sams fe pat ato: of ciacalin oa cherie WEHHOMN. tts ois Soe ee MONTANA. iWwoodbury Charles Gio Bs. Sie. eles as 3) 22 WSTISHIES) yao chee 0h Tararelene oer Ingham. CHANGES IN THE FACULTY. There are always a number of changes at the end of each year among the college instructors. This is due largely to the fact that the college cannot advance salaries for subordinate positions rapidly enough to meet the growth in experience and attainments of the young men and young women holding instructorships. In other words, they rapidly out- grow these positions. So many changes are to be deplored; but it is ‘solely a business proposition. By a greater outlay for salaries a large per- centage of these changes would be avoided. Such a policy, however, would soon reach a limit. A good six-hundred-dollar instructor will in five years, and often before that time, demand twelve hundred; and in another five years will be ready for the maximum salary. If the salary were advanced to the maximum it would not make it possible to create a position of first-grade for such a man, and it would be unfair to full professors at the heads of departments to pay the maxi- mum salary to subordifates who carry very little responsibility out- side of their teaching. The college has been fortunate in recent years in retaining the sery- ices of its full professors. Notwithstanding the addition of new de- partments in recent years, the average length of service in this college of those now holding full professorships is more than eleven years. It seems to me a remarkable fact that pallid death has rapped so few times at the doors of the faculty. So far as I have been able to learn, there has not been a death among the active teaching force during the forty-nine years of its existence. It is with regret that I have to report the resignation at the close of this year of Dr. Howard Edwards, professor of English literature and modern languages. Dr. Edwards has given to this college sixteen years of most faithful and efficient service. He has been an exception- ally popular and successful teacher. His breadth of scholarship and sterling qualities of character made his service to the college of a very high order. He leaves this institution to accept the presidency of the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. COURSES OF STUDY. The only change of importance made in the course of study during the year was the addition of elective work in electrical engineering in the junior and senior years of the engineering course. The college now offers an engineering course which is the same for all students during the freshman and sophomore years. It endeavors during these years to give thorough training in the basic subjects, accompanied with daily practical work in the shop and drafting room. At the beginning 32 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. of the junior year students are given the opportunity to elect their work either in mechanical, civil or electrical engineering, or under certain limitations they may elect subjects in any of these courses. The faculty has discussed very thoroughly during the year our courses for agricultural and women students. The opinion of the faculty is practically unanimous that this college should retain in its courses certain general culture studies, such as English, history, politi- cal economy, etc. It does not look with favor upon the free elective system adopted by some distinguished agricultural schools, which makes it possible for a student to gain the bachelor’s degree without mathematics beyond the rudiments of arithmetic, or without pursuing even to a limited extent those culture studies which give to the student a degree of ease in expressing his own thoughts, and a fair apprecia- tion of the great fields of knowledge that le outside his own narrow profession. This does not mean that our courses will not be changed. They have undergone many changes in the past few years, and will be changed to an even greater extent in the near future. As the field of knowledge in agriculture and home economics broadens our courses must keep pace with the trend of development in these lines. Much that was con- sidered essential a few years ago has already, or will soon, give way to something better; but the preparation of young men and women for their places as members of society, as responsible citizens, as future leaders in their own communities, will not be lost sight of in the effort to make them exceptionally capable in their chosen lines of work. IMPROVEMENTS. t The physical equipment of the college during the past decade has been very much enlarged and improved. The following may be noted: The Women’s Building, 1899-1900, costing.......... $95,000 AP Aa ULI OOO s eck okie canteen cr obs a taro. spears meet 15,000 MOTIETI, Apt VOAr si hia cc oi ceueires armen eneeye (chat ts ons) oie ame en cee ered 4,000 Bacteriolovical Jaboratory, L902) cin... ta\erceee 27,000 Waiting room and, pUSLoiice, 190200 2... mie peels 1,700 SALES YMOUREs POUR: cco. wlacs » o tierdbblet eaitiays, 5 ss. 5\ + 6 eee ue 17,000 Athletic field,/and Improvements:.../0. ....\. sec cup eu 2,500 Pe OUh Oh Way LO TAL Oui: . 0t thare pele ave 5 «= cena’ 1,000 MEreet Car irack (OH ‘CAMDUS,. i% sian ttaor ss vids a temeene, sto 360 BUCS MEW WV CLIS cam est ccstee-ateicr, s ‘olin eyegeioin's.n.«, saya hieaee ie 1,800 Central heating and ‘heittine plant. si. esc icis see 140,000 RVSTUS: EMALU, tages Ste pie ate cuore eth cote nue teat tee conte, aici ten eee 55,000 RETTEL Seip & oss we 8 ah newts meteantaete de wel ioce te, «deep cies Te ee 11,000 POULLLY. DIANE... s..2se> ‘epee cE irmngties <5 SOM. A! f 2,000 Enemecring building, ei ites irs «satiety Ree 100,000 IOLA sgh". 3 Gch ye eile Mate ee SEROMA ah alte > ROMS $473,360 DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 33 CENTRAL HEATING AND LIGHTING PLANT. We have just completed the central heating and lighting system. The cost has been about $140,000. The building which houses the equip- ment is located about one hundred feet south of the veterinary labora- tory. From this building tunnels radiate to all the large buildings on the grounds. These tunnels are constructed of concrete, and are six feet wide and six and one-half feet high. Their entire length is nearly three-quarters of a mile. In them are placed the steam pipes for heat- ing purposes and the electric lighting wires; and they will also soon contain the telephone wires. The building proper is 100 by 70 feet. The smokestack is 125 feet high, 6 feet in diameter inside, and 10 feet in external diameter at the base. It is built of vitrified hollow blocks. There are four 150-H. P. Scotch marine boilers equipped with the Jones underfeed stokers. There are two 125-kilowatt dynamos. These are duplicates, either one of which is ample to carry the entire load. A smaller 45-kilowatt dynamo carries the day load. The entire plant represents engineering skill of a high grade and will be of great educa- tional value to all our engineering students. A coal shed of 1,800 tons capacity is located back of the boiler house. The coal is transferred to hoppers automatically. The ashes drop to a car placed in a tunnel in front of the boilers and are likewise handled automatically, or without the use of the shovel. The entire plant is very satisfactory. The absence of smoke from it is very much appreciated by the dwellers on the campus. WELLS HALL. The new Wells Hall which will take the place of the one destroyed by fire on February 11, 1905, will be ready for occupancy at the open- ing of the next school year. This building is erected in six compart- ments or wards, with fire-proof walls between, and with an outside entrance for each. Every floor in each ward contains five rooms and a toilet room, making accommodations in the entire building for 156 students. Of the rooms, sixty-six are double rooms, 15 by 15 feet, with a large cloak room, and twenty-four are single rooms. All are well lighted and each is ventilated with a separate flue. The finishings are Georgia pine and the floors are of maple. The attic of each ward is finished in the same manner and will furnish very pleasant quarters for six literary societies. The basement is high and well lighted. It contains a’ large kitchen with serving rooms, pantries, storage rooms, dining rooms with a seating capacity for three hundred, besides toilet rooms and six fine living rooms for the help. BARNS. The last legislature appropriated $10,000 for the erection of a new barn and for the moving and repairing of the old ones. This work will be completed during the coming summer and will not only add greatly to the appearance of the buildings and yards but will algo afford com- modious quarters for the housing of stock and farm machinery. 5 34 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. POULTRY PLANT. In the bill passed by the last legislature appropriating $20,000 for experimental work in live stock it was provided that $2,000 of this sum should be expended in erecting and equipping a poultry plant. In carrying out this project a site was selected on the high ground about twenty-five rods east of the farm house, and the following buildings were erected: A winter laying house 15 by 84 feet, a combined incuba- tor cellar and laboratory, and three portable gasoline colony brooders. A fattening shed and several small model poultry houses are yet to be erected. ENGINEERING BUILDING. The new building which is now under construction but which will not be completed before next June will be the finest building on the grounds. The material used is stone for the basement story and paving brick above. The interior*is mill proof construction with maple floors and oak finishings. It is*182 by 84 feet in size with an extension on the rear of 47 by 37 feet. The basement is nearly all above ground and will answer splendidly for laboratory purposes. The fifth story, count- ing the basement as the first, will be used mainly for drawing rooms, on account of the excellent lighting made possible by the skylights in the roof. The building will contain more than forty laboratories and recitation rooms, besides offices, storage, toilet, and other small rooms. It will be occupied by the engineering—mechanical, civil and electrical,—the drawing and the physics departments, and will be fully occupied from the start. This building is located between Wells hall and the present mechanical building, and will cost about $100,000. THE CAMPUS. The campus is undergoing some slight changes from time to time. The board employed the noted landscape architect, Mr. Simons, of Chi- cago, to visit the college last spring and spend two or three days in looking over the campus and in consultation with the men now in charge. This was done not with a view to any radical changes but rather, if possible, to settle upon some plan with reference to the loca- tion of buildings in the future. He approved slight changes in a few of the old roads and the removal of some unimportant trees. His sug- gestion that no new buildings be placed on the inner campus has been approved by the board and will, no doubt, be adhered to in the future. If this policy is followed, the M. A. C. campus will go down to future generations as “a thing of beauty and a joy forever.” His other im- portant recommendation was that the new auditorium and administra- tion building which we hope to erect in the near future be located near the public highway northeast of the horticultural building. This build- ing will very naturally be the center of campus life, and the wisdom of placing it on the edge of the campus is doubted by some. As, College hall has become antiquated and the outer walls are badly cracked and erowing worse, it has been suggested that it should be removed and the new building placed on this site. These and similar matters are re- ceiving careful consideration, with the hope that serious mistakes may DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 30 be avoided. On such questions every one has an opinion, but the final decision should be left to the expert. Here, if anywhere, special train- ing and experience counts, and should not be set aside for preferences that mav be largely matters of sentiment. THE EXPERIMENT STATION. The act approved February 12, 1855, establishing the Michigan Agri- cultural College provided among other things that the secretary of the college— “Shall keep a careful account with each field, in connection with a plan of the farming lands or farm, exhibiting the position of each, in which shall be shown the manner and cost of preparing the ground, the kind of crop. time of planting or sowing, the after condition, the time and manner of harvesting, the labor devoted to each process, and its cost price, with the cost of preparing the matured crop for market, and the price for which it was sold * * * and the said record shall, at all reasonable hours, be open to the inspection of any citizen of this state.” Experimental work in agriculture, under the operation of this act, began with the opening of the college and has continued without a break to the present time. When the college was reorganized in 1861 the work of experimentation was made even stronger. The secretary of the board of agriculture was instructed to gather information from all sources and disseminate it among the farmers of the state. Section 9 of this act authorizes him to distribute seeds, plants, trees and shrubs to those farmers who would agree to cultivate them properly and return to the secretary a portion of the products thereof, with a full statement of the mode of cultivation, and such other information as might be neces- sary to ascertain their value for general cultivation in the state. This information was to be given to the newspapers of the state. It does not seem from the reports that there were many results at that time from the co-operative work with farmers; but there was much valuable research work done by the various professors in the early years of the college. Manly Miles was connected with the institution as a professor from 1861 to 1875. Much of his work was at least a quarter of a century ahead of his time. His experiments in lamb feeding in 1866 would be a credit to any experiment station at fhe present day. Who was Doctor Miles?—Dr. Burrell, vice president of the university of Illinois, in speaking of the call extended by that institution to Dr. Miles in 1870 says, “No one else in America at this time enjoyed any- thing comparable with Dr. Miles in the public estimation of competency to give instruction in scientific agriculture. It was he who had been called the only professor of the subject in the country.’ In 1885 the legislature of Michigan passed an act providing for the dissemination of the results of experiments made at the college among the people of the state, in bulletin form. The professors of chemistry, botany, zoology, agriculture, horticulture and veterinary science, were required to prepare at least two articles each year which were to be sent to the press of the state. The expense for printing these bulletins, postage, etc., was to be paid out of the general funds of the state. 36 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. This is a very brief and meager history of the legal status of the work in experimentation carried on at the college before the passage of the United States act of 1887. This act, usually spoken of as the Hatch act, grants annually $15,000 from government funds to the ex- periment station in each state. In Michigan, by legislative enactment, the state experiment station is a department of the State Agricultural College. The national congress at its last session granted additional aid to the state experiment stations. The Adams act gives each station $5,000 for the year 1906, with an increase of $2,000 each year for five years. At the end of that time, and thereafter, the appropriation by the gen- eral government for each experiment station will be $30,000 per annum. The one who deserves special credit for the latter act was the late Hon. H. ©. Adams, a member of congress from Wisconsin. To him more than to any other man, even more than all other men not officially concerned in its passage, is due the credit. As a member of the executive com- mittee of the National Association of Agricultural Colleges and Ex- periment Stations, I have visited Washington many times, with other members of the committee during the past three years in behalf of this legislation. We always found Mr. Adams at the helm, ready to confer and advise. He was a man of most remarkable energy, sane and sen- sible at all times. He threw all his energy and even his very life into the passage of this act. His untimely death at the Awmditorium Hotel, Shicago, on July 9th, has brought universal sorrow to all friends of sci- entific and practical agriculture. The state of Michigan has in recent years supplemented the funds received from the general government to the extent of about $9,000 annually. The northern peninsula and South Haven sub-stations are supported entirely by the college. The expense of publishing the sta- tion bulletins is annually about $4,000 and is borne by the college. During the past year the following bulletins were issued and mailed to our regular bulletin list, which now numbers nearly 40,000 farmers of Michigan: No. 232, Fertilizer Analysis, Station Chemist A. J. Patten. No. 233, Insects of the Garden, Entomologist R. H. Pettit. No. 234, Feeding Dairy Cows, Director C. D. Smith. No. 235, Succotash as a Soiling Crop, Professor R. 8. Shaw. No. 236, Spraying for Potato Blight, Assistant C. A. McCue. No. 237, Digester Tankage for Swine, Professor R. S. Shaw. No. 238, First Annual Report of the Grade Dairy Herd, Professor R. S. Shaw and A. C. Anderson. Special 34, Corn Improvement, Professor J. A. Jeffery. Special 85, Report of the South Haven Sub-station, Professor L. R. Taft and T. A. Farrand. These bulletins are, of course, not all read by all farmers who receive them. e,0% Subject. x Mialeebrazs cdi ieecictee IM. algebra. ciy.eec ccs M. algebra............ Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... Wivalgebra, chace..ceir Mi algebra.i: 2c cecs Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... Mj gepMe «fie alee sete Anal. geom............ Anal. Geomulirel Many Anal. geom............ VAT Als @EOMI ssmcte'<'ers veers Mech. of eng.......... Mech. of eng.......... Mechs OLN Gis cies is Surveying (class)...... Surveying (class)...... Surveying (field)....... Surveying (field)....... Surveying (field).......| Ag. civ. eng (class)..... Ag. civ. eng. (field)..... Graphical: stones (GV ADDIS: | okie Sets e ia cerere R. R. surveying....... Bridge stresses......... Number of course. Teacher. . Gundersen..... Mr. James........ Prof. Babecock..... Mr. Jones......... Mr! Jonesscc.. se Mri Jones: :2. 2% > Mr. James........ | Mr. Jones.5.3::... Mr: Hinds?..c<+¢.6. Mr. James........ Prof. Babcock..... Prof. Babcock..... Dr. Gundersen..... Dr. Gundersen..... Prof. Babcock..... Mr indsse seeitec Mr. Hadden....... Prof. Vedder...... Mr. Hadden and Mr. Hinds Mr. Alger, Mr. Hadden and Mr. Hinds Mr. Alger, Mr. Hadden . Mr. Alger, "| Land Mr. Hinds. Prof. Vedder......| Prof. Vedder.. Mr. Hadden....... Mr. Hadden....... and Mr. Hinds. Prof. Vedder...... j Mr. Hadden 39 sections.........-..| | a Hour | fe, = Class-room. of 2 .\3 meeting. ZS a4 o = oo iso] Zz 6, College Hall..... 2-3 5 16 12, College Hall... 8-9 5 20 8, College Hall..... 910 | 5 33 8, College Hall..... 10-11 | 5 15 Abbot Hall........ 8-9 5 15 Abbot Hall........ 9-10 | 5 22 6, College Hall. 1-2 5 25 Dairy sgidoa peur 9-10 | 5 13 Dairys- crete 10-11 5 12 8, College Hall... 2-3 5 38. Abbot alleesies 10-11} 5 36 6, College Hall..... 34 5 20 12, College Hall.... 1-2 5 26 8, College Hall..... 3-4 5 27 12, College Hall... 10-11 | 5 26 SM Se eiaYorsreisio’ 11-12 | 5 16 B ate Hall..... 1-2 5 16 12, College Hall... 11-12 | 5 19 8, College Hall..... 8-9 5 13 Abbot Hall........ 11-12 | 5 19 Abbot Hall........ 1-2 | 5 22 6, College Hall..... 8-9 5 24 6, College Hall..... 9-10] 5 16 Datryeebe eerste 8-9 5 21 Dairy ssickapocnce 9-10 | 5 18 6, College Hall..... } 11-12} 5 17 2, Coliege Hall..... 11-12] 5 19 8, College Hall..... 11-12 | 5 17 2, College Hall..... 10-11 | 2 37 2, College Hall.....; 10-11 | 2 27 } a salads caters emertte aieve 1-3 2 20 55/5 caneleenoee 2a 1-3 2 20 SAS SAB AGS on 1-3 2 24 2, College Hall..... 910) 5 8 2, College Hall..... 1-3 2 8 2, College Hall..... 8-9 3 24 12, College Hall.... 9-10 | 3 19 2, College Hall..... 1-4 6 25 6, College Hall..... 10-11 | 3 24 Lsibhe\ chats eit ialaeie eee In chacanee 172 807 Class. Winter: Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Sub-freshmen.... Freshmen....... Freshmen....... Freshmen........ Freshmen....... Freshmen....... Freshmen....... Freshmen....... Sophomores..... Sophomores..... Sophomores..... Sophomores..... Aylin Git bameeoace DEPARTMENT REPORTS. Class work oj the department of mathematics.—Continued. Subject. Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... Ag. & W. algebra...... M. algebra M. algebra M. algebra... M. algebra... A AG FeOmn ces Meleeieletsine Aes reomltaee: setts stereos sialgebrat b's tases ee Ag: mg eos 2 cseee ces Bridge design... Hydraulics (class)... Hydraulics (laboratory) Math. la..:... Math. la...... Math. la...... Math. 1d Math. 1d.... "Math. 1d...... Math. 1d...... Math. 2b...... Math. 2b...... Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. Math. 2Dveeean | Mr. Hinds... Teacher. Mr. Hadden... Mr. Jones.. Mr. James... Prof. Vedder.... Prof. Vedder.... and Mr. Hinds. { Mr. Hadden ee ee ee ee ee ee Dr. Gundersen... M : Dr. Gundersen..... } Class-rooms. Wear ynctiectieote te Abbot Hall.. 12, Callsce Hall.... | 12, College Hall... Abbot Hall........ 6, College Hall..... 8, College Hall..... Abbot Hall........ 2 tee Hall...:. 8. College Hall..... 8. College Hall..... ‘| Dairy eee arate Dairy Abbot Hall.. Abbot Hall........ 6, College Hall. sees 6, College Hall..... Dair 6, College Hall..... 8 College Hall..... } Drawing rm, dairy 2, College Hall..... 2, College Hall..... 2, College Hall..... 2, College Hall..... 2, 12, College Hall. secre cr eer ectecccces Hour of meeting. se ee te eee No of students In class. Tours per week. | I CO PM OTOOOr COOWOrOrSr CrOrdrCror CrerCrcrdr Crorderorer Cr er crore 54 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Class work of the department of mathematics.—Concluded. Number | Hour Class. Subject. of | Teacher. Class room. of course. | | meeting. Spring term: | Sub-freshmen....) Ag. & W. geom........| Math. 2a Dr. Gundersen.....) 12, College Hall....| 9-10 | 5 17 Sub-freshmen....| Ag. & W. geom........ Math. 2a. Mr. Alger.........} 8, College Hall..... 8-9 5 22 Sub-freshmen....| Ag. & W. geom........ Math. 2a......| Mr. Alger.........| 8, College Hall..... 9-10 | 5 14 Sub-freshmen....| M. geom..............} Math. 2e......| Dr. Gundersen.....| 6, College Hall..... 23 5 33 Sub-freshmen....! M. geom..............| Math. 2e Bl ivcs pen shse foe | Dairy. os. |e 11-12 | 5 15 Sub-freshmen....| M. geom.............. Math! 2¢.. 2... MrJames:.5--..c0 Paina: ee eee i120 \)on 15 Sub-freshmen....} Mensuration........... Math.3:te-rn, Mr Hinds! >..oe0| ROSIN fen he ete 10-11 5 | 14 Sub-freshmen....) Mensuration............ Math. 3... Mr. James. ¢ \veee es Dainvecs: cr escera 10-11 5 | 14 Sub-freshmen....| Mensuration...........| Math. 3... My. Jamesin rite 8, College Hall..... 1-2 5 33 Freshmen....... PART CAN Ed bo sane a Math. 4a. Mr. Alger.........| 8, College Hall..... 10-1] 3) 25 Freshmen........ Ag. & W. Trig.........| Math. 4a. | Mr. Hinds.........} 2, College Hall..... 8-9 3 33 Rreshniens joes) ME Trig. 22k.) ee Math). 4b: Prof. Babcock..... 6, College Hall..... 11-12 | 5 15 Freshmen.......| M. Trig 2h Neer eleNath= 4b: Mr: Jones:.......3.| Abbot Hall... 2... 8-9 5 33 Breshimen ss eee) Mie cee sees ee Math. 4b...... Mr JONES ans. nace eA DOLE al = rents 11-12 | 5 16 Hresiiien. seri We, rig cece atm ewe Math. 4b...... Mr. Jones.........| 6, College Hall..... 1-2 5 15 Freshmen.......| M. Trig... SAcaal | robin: lojseaee Mr. James........| 8, College Hall..... 2-3 5 13 Freshmen.......| Ag. Surv’g ‘(el ass)......| Civ. eng. la...| Mr. Alger.........| Abbot Hall........ 10-11 | 2 23 Freshmen.......| Ag. Surv’g (class) .....| Civ. eng, la...| Mr. Hinds.........| 2, College Hall. pont 8-9 2 29 Freshmen Ag. Surv’g (field) Civ. eng. la...| / Mt- Alger and \! 9 Cottege Hall +3 | 2] 27 .......| Ag. Surv’g het aie -eng. la...) ) My Hinds. (| ge Hall..... 2 2 Freshmen.......| Ag. Surv’g (field)... ... Civ. eng. la... jae pleeend 2, College Hall..... 1-3 2 25 Sophomores... . Integ. Caleulus........ Math. 6b......| Prof. Babcock..... 6, College Hall..... 8-9 5 17 Sophomores.....| Integ. Calculus.......- Math. 6b......| Prof. Babcock..... 6, College Hall..... 9-10 5 20 Sophomores. ... . Integ. Caleulus........} Math. 6b......| Dr. Gundersen.....| 12, Colleae Hall.... 11-12} 5 16 Sophomores.....| Integ. Caleulus........ Math: 6b......]| Mr. Jones.........} Abbot Hall........ 10-11 5 a Juniors.........| Dif. Equations.........| Math. 8.......] Prof. Babeock..... 6, College Hall..... 10-11 2 23 AUITIOES Hs Eee Dif. Equations... ..| Math. 8.......] Dr. Gundersen..... 12, College Hall... .| 10-11 2 23 Juniors.........| Higher surv’g (clas ss). ..| Civ. eng. 6g. 1. ||) Prof: Vedder... <=: 2, College Hall..... 9-1o | 3 35 { Prof. Vedder, } PUETIOESE ct hte Higher surv’g (field)....| Civ. eng. 6....| 4 Mr. Hadden Zl ohne ch toapebele crs Wks 1-4 6 35 ; (and Mr. Hinds. } Seniors........ Higher surv’g (class)...} Civ. ena. 6g...| Prof. Vedder... ... College Hall 9-10 | 3 20 { Prof. Vedder, Seniors.........| Higher surv’g (feld)....} Civ. eng. 6. 4 Mr. Hadden Ml Ei ita tee Se ASA 8 5 1-4 6 20 Land Mr. Hinds. } | Seniors......... Masonry and arches... .} Civ. eng. 9....] Mr. Hadden.......| 2, College Hall..... 10-12 | 2 28 SOMOS aoa 6 sai PAVEMENTS... croc ani: Civ. eng. 10...| Prof. Vedder......| 2, College Hall.....| 9-10 | 2 13 O31) (0) ¢: Contr. and specif.......] Civ. eng. 13...' Prof. Vedder.....-; 2, College Hall..... 10-11 2 23 jE Seniors........ Rhesigtos ere 14ers | NOlyaten es ween { a Ca 2, College Hall..... 1-5 12 23 sls ends a OL BOCTIOMRS ccs creek -cscr clings an. coo tobth ye [So bmekeo sh see terest ots alist ee eee Pte cae Ean I nie eet )144 734 | § Messrs. Hadden and Hinds assisted at quizzes. The year: by Ashton etry ; ing for Bridge Masonry following women Design ; Construction, and & Marsh’s Murray’s all classes in agricultu versity Algebra for all engineering Trignometry ; Hodgman’s a Higher Hydraulics; Merriman & Jacoby’ Ss Graphic Statics, Allen’s Railroad Roads and Calculus; ‘al students; text books have been used Seman. & Smith’s Higher Arithmetic Tanner Van students; & Velzer Wentworth’s Analytic Johnson’s Survey- Allen’s in our classes during & Slichter’s Geometry ; the for classes in mensuration ; Beman & Smith’s Academic Algebra for all beginning classes formed Uni- Geom- Surveying; Church’s Mechanics and Bridge Stresses, Curves and Earthwork; Baker’s ’avements. DEPARTMENT REPORTS. o1 Or The department inventory for 1906 presents an aggregate of $7,906.21, as against $5,610.95 for 1904. The total expenditure by the depart- ment during the year ending June 30, 1906, for all purposes has been $928.67, of which $62 was turned in by the department in fees for special examinations. Respectfully submitted, HH. K. VEDDERs Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering. Agricultural College, June 30, L906. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY AND HYGIENE. President J. L. Snyder, College: Dear Sir—There is little to be added to the report of last year. The grand total of students passing through the department during the current year just closing has been about the same as in the previous year. We owe much to Mr. Sackett and Dr. Wetmore in carrying on the class work of the department. Mr. Bushnell assisted us during the winter term in giving laboratory instruction to the short course stu- dents. It is unnecessary for me to call specific attention to the hospital for the past year, inasmuch as it has been doing practically the same work as in previous years. Each year, however, | am more and more im- pressed with the importance of caring for the sick of the institution and especially of being ready to cope with any contagious disease which may exist in the community. The difficulties in the way of managing contagious diseases multiply each year, as the surrounding territory becomes settled. We trust, however, that in the near future the dangers from this source will be lessened by incorporating the district into < village or city. I can foresee, in connection with contagious diseases, that the time will come in the not very distant future, when it will be necessary to provide some facilities for taking care of patients during epidemics, since the present hospital is not large enough to meet such an emergency. We hope that this will be borne in mind, and that when it becomes feasible some means will be provided. Very respectfully submitted, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, Professor Bacteriology and Hygiene. Agricultural College, June 30, 1906. 56 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. To the President: Sir—The forestry department has made marked progress during the year. The instruction was reinforced by the aid of Mr. C. A. McCue of the horticultural department who took charge of the class in the prin- ciples of forestry during the winter term and by Mr. Thomas Gunson also of the same department, under whose guidance the work in forest tree propagation was done. This arrangement for instruction is pos- sible only through the courtesy of the horticultural department and the kindness of the persons doing the work. We are in need of the full time of an instructor in this department to meet the rapidly grow- ing schedule of work in this department. Some provision must be made at the beginning of the fall term, for we have not been able to make arrangements whereby classes in the different years of the course can come at different hours. Of class work there are twenty-seven hours per week in the fall term beside the ever increasing correspondence and attention that must be given to outside work connected with the department. In the winter term there are twenty-three hours per week beside the regular work of the office, extra lectures to short course students and lectures before farmer’s institutes. In the spring term there are thirty hours per week of class room and field work. This is the most busy season of the year because we are then seeding and plant- ing extensively. I have not been able to give any of the work the per- sonal attention it should have because there has been so much to do and several things need attention at the same time. It has been left too much to the judgment and discretion of untrained and unskilled workmen who do the work to the best of their ability, but the results are too frequently unsatisfactory. There must be regular help in this department if the work is to be carried on successfully and in a satis- factory manner. The class rolls show the number of students taking courses in this department the past year was as follows: Horestry /eCONOMICHI AAD. LaNeM. SE ak. aE RR. Shs LI te 1 WOLESE IMENSUFARION tb aiiiet. Ale hitb alec) OIE: AE Tie. aos. es 1 Forest protection and regulation ....). 2. noo. ony. sak et 1 Diseases: of forest ‘trees! sat. Mise ed 5. eyiet. Ge ote eae 1 Investigation: \.\.,iaiieoase. aut. fh Me Mee er pis She eee, Se 1 Forests botany (threes terms) 20. 0 Fob icon aie «ann 23 Laboratory work iincforest. botany. ©. 0 6. .6ceie seen es = ee 23 Principles ofsforesiryiGcwouterms) .. 0... k ele. wuss sation Le Salvieultwre: a iis cis eee MN Se AS Re RSIS en ae net T Laboratory and field work in silviculture................. T FOrest Tree PLOPACALION: [ail ie Gsiel. @ acslbisieGinlaleie oid «ahem ages 8 Mlements Of : FOREST. 12/2)00 : Ate Lal cawiek «vs, ovat neinnems erabenier site mea 60 Field and laboratory work in elements of forestry........ 60 Short course students taking forestry.........2...s0.8.- 21 POG iss is cae enon cna: -a10:¢1 oleh aa ob Mig) on Mie retede ee merce eee eae 225 DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 57 The nursery work and restocking and improving,the wood lots and wood lands of the college has been carried forward as planned over three years ago. The nursery was invoiced in February and showed a total of 82,381 seedling and transplanted trees, which at retail rates would be worth $1,871.53 or at wholesale $822.92. About 21,000 trees from our own nurseries were set out this past spring. About 9,000 surplus trees were disposed of to outside parties. A trial was made at importing stock from Europe through a New York house but the results show little promise of gain from the practice. A permanent forestry exhibit of grow- ing trees representing this department of the college has been made on the state fair grounds at Detroit. This department is sadly in need of class rooms and a museum. The large class in elementary forestry must always be met in some building other than that in which the office of the department is located and where the most useful illustrative specimens are stored. There is no place *whatever to exhibit the’ large collection of interesting and valuable specimens of forest products we now have. The specimens are now stored in five different buildings, too much subject to danger from fire and of very little service for purposes of illustration. Respectfully submitted, EK. E. BOGUE, Professor of Forestry. Agricultural College, June 30, 1906. REPORT OF THE CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. President J. L. Snyder: I submit herewith two schedules showing the amount of class and laboratory work done in this department for the two years 1904-5 and 1905-6: Instruction, Number of} hours per | students. | week per student. Fall term, 1904—5. General Chemistry: e AS MeUlUTAl an di sDACCHANICAl ye Riacctersrc we Ts cio es etek a ercehae hry ietatole doen 186 if VOIGT Cart, ete ie a ee ee eh Becta eaed eyanca chops sige Cad caewraiods opesaeopee 69 i Organic Chemistry: | Aer CHIULALE © 7% SAIN Se Ho HAST ALSO a SOURS < ahe Disl Cert was BE 59 7 MUL Eten aa oh GBD EOD TO 6 SOE COLITIS cise eae ys Pen 25 us Winter term, 1904-5 Mimeralosyenm cahiani Cals sca jechsyas th: erica es tlars oaeO RIAET Ia) « OG SARE 96 GUIS P ATI lo mW OMLGIIORGA torn et tes Merete ed cers Pee core tee ere Oe cae Re pnaiae 50 10 Quak” Amalie yrrien 2s he ee ene k eae Se Sa a eID Rc SERPS Bee 71 10 NP TICHIUUT ale CHEIMISLE Ys IMT cnet h-telacsie ee ile ele\ ciel ycia (21 iaksss:¢ ieee patie ents 4 D4 10 Womestic science) chemistry 2% Si) jcs a ws ead eee Uihore « ode mete poe bere 32 10 COTE DTA N OT AST SE, Seg Spal Taw Renee ep Merten Re 9 pO re Rs nae a 16 10 Mechanical, birdy berm Af seta sect aks a's. seiepaers ates s/he siatel b/s aa Serena ee eles 87 6 PAUEATED oh UTA TAD TLE TOTIC hee cies cies or etibrcl ocho op ehat el ahal ev otavoare yal (esa o.le) sieht eg edettoie suey siciaveueerettns 10 10 8 58 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. = e ' Hnetrachoe ; “se eu vYumber o ours per Fall term, 1905-6. students. | week per student. CREM CMe min ave ge, eo doe Aro Sint ab On ook be Ob Ob oc Se Onmabeuon ab uo mde c ASMICUIPUEA lana Mech anil... ceicisn uise ciatoas cused ape nt: NG came eo ameenaie 204 UE WGN Ne eoe olla nies Rie SIP bi oLcy a tenes MEO Dieta hin tk Ve Soman cee ohn alee Slee bite 51 7 Organic Chemistry: PRP CICUIGEE Ae Sek tae hock retin ae Mais TAS Lees Bae RS pal aa bes Sisson A eee 40 7 AVOUT ETI ees Se tars OA tice 4 Veg Ua Ua cael Rte see ve ILI, Pie Mage be be il Epa eae 36 7 Winter term, 1905-6. Minenalociye Ice anical i. nels NG Seeie oe ky cotati vautrchs Guat aa) che inate gamete eet 120 5 i TculeAiallaeawy OME TIAt Wa tks) dine yi iors Pleat sel ete dt anno DAMA ROSA ts Ln ade ge 40 10 Chiral AeA alee Sri Grey Sy BES CRE, SOE Tere NNR Ne RS ULE Yee tees een meer ae 62 10 Moni culiiraleChemiStryepemOemct ysl i Nelo be tuts Pispok tas ory 5. icrachse bo eine 40 10 WOES TIG SCLEN GE tGNEMMSELD Ys a OLN erate ters cladersucis «+ sess) erekoteranselivnelmac nesters 15 10 Spring term, 1905-6. VAI ee PATI A VST asc) = pet gen el ec clesl abshc\aay-w ance hovel sie iedseoashe) suche eackehe Ve kCRAS TS SO One eke 2 10 NY eral aieeh pee nl il owt aa La We) 0 8 dlSecliats eee ich a uea Siar AMEE CREA vA ane am cin tiale Uae a 97 6 Monicnlennalli@hemm eA nal teers oeysl ad cus cee sees adshcuad te Rae eee a gee wie Be 2 10 USA DCCURCMOUNISUL Vc hia ia.chaecn Aare i oe ee Siete: Gee ee iis lhe orden 3 5 In the spring term of the year 1905 a new study, “animal nutrition,” was introduced and as it was elected by both the junior and senior agricultural students and given to the two classes together it was omitted during the spring term of 1906. Instruction in the chemistry of sugar beet manufacture was given by special request to three stu- dents in the regular college course who desired the experience of a sugar campaign. These three men later have entered the service as sugar factory chemists in Michigan and New York. The work of the college in this department has been carried on dur- ing the past year with a fair degree of success, but with a considerable amount of unnecessary labor on account of the limited space afforded by the laboratory building. As you well know this department has never had for its object the training of chemists, nevertheless during the years since the founding of the college many of our students have found that chemistry was a science for which they had special liking and adaptibility and have en- tered the profession and done themselves and the college honor in this line of work. Since the opening of the college regular graduates have held the professorship of agricultural chemistry and chemistry in the state institutions of the following: Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Colo- rado, lowa, Kansas, Michigan®* Mississippi, Oklahoma and Wisconsin. Aside from these there are and have been chemists and assistant chem- ists in experiment station work in the following states: Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Rhode Island, Philippine Islands and the bureau of chemistry, Department of Agriculture at Washington. In addition to these a number of graduates have engaged in technical chemistry and industrial chemical work and also the work of food m- spection both in state and United States laboratories. Many students who did not complete the entire course have also en: gaged in chemical work. The special course offered in beet sugar manufacture fitted a good many young men for this line of work which they have since pursued. DEPARTMENT REPORTS. 59 Of these men whom we have specially trained there are perhaps over twenty-five now distributed through the various beet sugar producing states and even down in the cane sugar belt and in Porto Rico. I make detailed statements of this in order that it may go on record at this tinre. Early in April, after some correspondence with Hon. Milton Whitney, Chief of the Bureau of Soils, we were fayored with the assistance of Mr. F. R. Reid, who is an expert demonstrator of the wire pot culture method for the experimental determination of the manurial require- ments of soils. Mr. Reid spent the months of May and June in this laboratory teaching us the details of the work and tested some soils from our state by this method. laste slotesorslcie Crain $10 85 Furniture and fixtures: WNGRCASC aie eic ts inte a 55 are eietaie'e Sis le wire Mee Siesta Oe eens $16 60 OTTO MCAS Cs raicic- cuca tate le lalisiaie te uote vk (aie etlevaliat'e corte aletrede ctedav'e faye’ 27 00 Onevshelraracksand op eisie see close eeicie sie ere cle ote 6 06 Scientific apparatus: ae Onesprojectionsecye-pieCe 1.32655 ss oe ec wis see wlecte tale $10 50 ONETCONEPIFULS: 2c. ocicle eis.0 oes thet cele eee aisle teiniers sie atetstare 43 88 One DAlaAnNCe ey ech Oe be ee ek Wee eee cine 37 50 SUNGTY) LEMS) Sis ors SERS Sheet cle we rotenone ela 140 O1 Live stock: ; Lak fclo se A ARG REI OP READS LAER RRs 3 ad Ce neche Semicore $2 70 Cattle irs tie cistas here c wiste olaiacatein rele sie bie tevelaeta ievore iatetelerere eiere 779 95 DS WATLO cccrars id cieierauciais-oclete Bodice scold’ Meteo atebeis ate Gree sjoia nee 70 62 Traveling expenses: inesupervisions OL station swOlk...seee ees te Tne. $89 23 For other purposes connected with station work...... 143 29 LST E72) eB eR fc thle we AN at el eA ar Me IIR a Bundines Sand “Repairs: caste cers Croeiere ties, cise eleie Cine ee eee ete re eee oe HOSLASeU ANG (SLALIONCTY nu site ee erctarer ee are ere cle ee a et ne ere Meteo hte and. CXPTESS wistscdeie a Mere eats ee totes fe tee Ek ete ee te eee ICOM IN SA SUUTTS oie os cre eid iS SAS etalon tee testes ee ae Cee GRIST Views Ohs.s oo eit.e.c ore aierevercie SPR RT RACED Oe ood acaeecone oe VEAP NTE SAT CWO. to rarss wb ccperetoo son ee lah cig oka ney RR Te Chee ae Totaly: FI ee es Ss eles MER cL EMESIS ay ASR SE Lena at Laren ane $11,094 210 152 501 10 66 231 853 232 13 abl 451 139 215 554 161 $15,000 53 65 36 22 85 56 89 27 52 00 16 07 82 39 24 47 00 EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 97 DISBURSEMENTS OF EXPERIMENT STATION—-MONEYS OTHER THAN RECEIVED FROM UNITED } STATES TREASURER. STC Bae a aes SL erie) cece eee Me ee reiecate eucualis! ls elevaye ise states $2,677 48 Tb) oY hain Brit Ata Aad tle Loge) ae aan. om Ba dR ey See 6,857 39 MUPAICUre) ANG! THETUTES oo aeeiche laa Siete eisre ale tiers. cle sisrereahs 6 99 IOS ENS InGOM SLE NSN Al be Sedcdicon ao God ts obldo Doo bE 126 70 NCTE AUER RES Sat Baty = ty ore pore tos yan cksiey nay sualejed: a/arlorS ane Pape eee elavere 498 56 BigmiEy TNSk GMG! WEIR op oo bbl od topo oC Ode Hds oop eocoDonec 34 57 Onheniiealy Sap OHES = se eave merc stor cietecsieie e suet stasusue elect el ote sla) s fm 63 18 Seeds plantsrandssunadryy SUppliesy wy ei aiicise wie sie encvenetoysters 1,081 47 POT HUELZ OTN HS eae tates tele teins. & celts leldbabatig eke eevee: cieiaue ual wuspebetede ets 181 40 IDTATE IRIN oe ey ott hy Renee oe ee? Bie Cie TERE Er oR Os DOIG cio ee RCE ER Cac 49 39 Tools. implements ang) MACHIMEFys . i sii seis ke cooks asus suse Sie MIGLSM GLC a WEG US: ala sia oes syey age ohare ale ereha Nos wicee Gas erevansi etal arate. 48 25 JSUTTCG Mia yeed Gh doles Rey oy: ll at veh arene ERR Fea cic bactin Gano nica 2 Rs CCAS MR 1,022 87 RAV CHINE XID CNGESP Al rest che te Stas Ree ee aa ochae ae eels wiets 661 46 BESO MTS SUMELS cy dicho tests (0, care Gs rors SdSRERE Pe Reaeielte, oct Sa ouShal Re bay cure dets 1,921 17 PTTL CAET OFS oS. & ay cables cnc vavolsh wleayo: a cubase chonc oie ake loves euehotsy Ghetsia tal Sse eg 13 07 MEV ESTES UOC HAM cre seater ea aside loch ere io i oe nha aatene fevehive: S-atclbewarray/eticeeera ts 2,703 85 ——— $18,129 53 BAAN ECeLONs NAN pS5E) Ws .fe see 8 als ais Sil aid oleretdeter oie ar A cue Bighs lake eys.cifehe eye Sreyelay aye 4,130 01 SOLA 5 se seksnzcens "eros “Soalclnys Oke Syove us eee tal ay el Re apie eeeeel cians rcs hayobekeun ter etede $22,259 54 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND AGRICULTURIST. To the President: During the year ending June 30, 1906 there have been issued by the experiment station the following bulletins: No. Title. Author. Department. Q3en Mertilizer Arar ySes.c7. h58 .heisieis a cues S84 An Jt Pabtens ¢: Soeters sire s-.ceieGies Chemical. oo PNSCCLS) OL sPHe, GALGEM «cis .s. 2... cisioikers arene 'e eis 2 & Weal ete in hee aes pie ccees oF Entomology. 254.0) Heeding Dairy: COWS). sis <~ «te: late cdint a eeee CE DMS UUGH ES ietiateuckers olere bicuehane 2 Farm. 235 | Succotash as a Soiling Crop............ Re GS SHaWiisaocis cated celeace nie Live Stock. 236 | Spraying for Potato Blight............. CLAIM CCHER NSS eee onc tree Horticulture. 237 | Digester Tankage for Swine............ Ie Seis hes Se cG cscs sacrgag oe Live Stock. 238 | First Annual Report of Grade Dairy Berd R. S. Shaw and A. C. Anderson ...| Live Stock. The fiscal year closing,at the date mentioned above is not conspicuous by reason of any important changes either in the staff or in methods and equipment. The coming of Prof. S. W. Fletcher and his appoint- ment as associate horticulturist has led to enlargement of the work in that department along lines certain to be of interest and importance to the state at large. The station is unfortunate in losing many of its younger men who go from the position of assistant here either to commercial work at a much larger salary than the station is allowed to pay or to some higher position at another station: The money appropriated by the last legislature to the department of live stock of the college has become available and has made it pos- sible to carry forward a series of very interesting experiments with 13 98 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. cattle, especially the grade dairy cow. The barns in which the experi- mental animals ‘are kept have been entirely remodeled during the year making the experimental work much more convenient and efficient. It is proposed to issue a later bulletin giving a description of the barns and the conveniences introduced. A discussion of the matter is there- fore deferred until the appearance of the bulletin. A somewhat radical change has been introduced into the work of the upper peninsula station. In preceding years the work has been directed towards discovering what would grow and do well in the peculiar climatic conditions in the upper peninsula. From now on the ques- tions to be answered relate to methods of growing the crops selected by the work of previous years. The legislature has appropriated funds to be used for building new buildings and a house and a storehouse and implement room have been planned and are in process of erection. ' There are not far from forty acres clear of trees, stumps and stones, but much draining must be done before all of it will be available to crops. At South Haven the plans adopted many years ago are being exe- cuted. The peach and other fruit trees are now in full bearing, teach- ing the peculiarities of each of the different sorts as well as their com- parative merits. No inconsiderable part of the time of the chemist is taken up by the routine work analyzing commercial fertilizers and issuing the report thereon. As the amount of fertilizers sold in the state increases this work assumes more and more importance. The amount of available phosphoric acid in the country is limited and the temptation to keep the amount supplied in a given fertilizer at least a little below the guar- anty is very strong. The bulletins announcing the results of the analyses are issued in editions of forty-five thousand and are widely scattered over the state preventing by this very publicity any successful attempts to defraud the people. Our knowledge of the chemistry and biology of the soil is limited and uncertain. The chemist is therefore applying much study and thought to soil problems. He labors under the misfortunte of not being able to bring forth results at once and the public must wait for repeti- tion of trials before demanding conclusions. Much of this work he is conducting alone, part of it in co-operation with the bacteriological department and part of it with the farm. The entomologist has had very limited time for consecutive and pro- gressive work during the year because of th® demands of the college on his time. He has issued a bulletin on insects of the garden which is in active demand. Another bulletin of the series will be issued dur- ing the coming year hoping to cover in the course of a few years the field of economic entomology. The entomologist has also been the botanist of the station and in that capacity has been called upon to examine a host of samples of seed, not only for purity, but for vitality and germination as well. The fungous diseases of the state are in- creasing in number and virulence as population becomes more dense and are assuming a first importance in the eyes of those chiefly inter- ested in the agricultural prosperity of the state. Part of the diseases EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 99 which affect plants and animals are bacterial in their origin, but there remain a large number which are purely fungoid in character. The mother beets in our experimental work were practically all destroyed by a fungous disease. No tree, and in fact, no crop is now immune. Much time of the botanist must therefore be devoted to this line of work. The report of the bacteriologist will give a clear outline of the scope of the work he has performed. The station is doing practically noth- ing in the line of so-called practical dairy work, contenting itself with the work being carried forward by the bacteriologist in his studies of the bacterial flora of milk and the relation of different kinds of bacteria to the keeping qualities and the use of milk in the manufacture of butter and cheese. The biology of the soil must also be carried much farther than at present before we may rightfully expect correct answers to the problems now confronting us. The soil is an exceedingly com- plex material and the results of seemingly simple plot and pot experi- ments cannot be properly interpreted until we know more about the bacteria in the soil and activities. No small part of the time of the bacteriologist is taken up in the study of the diseases of animals and plants. The live stock department has been peculiarly fortunate in receiving an appropriation from the state, part of which at least can be used for experiments. The report of Prof. Shaw, hereto attached, indicates the lines of investigation taken up, part of them already resulting in bulletins. Some questions confronting Michigan farmers are not easy of solution. Several years ago the station undertook to compare the relative merits of silage and field cured corn for fattening steers. The results one year pointed to the superiority of silage. The next year the advantage seemed to lie on the side of the shocked corn. In sub- sequent years the two methods have alternated in demonstrating super- jority. As a result, no bulletin has been issued. Again, where the steers have been held over and given the same ration, all being fed alike the surprising result has been reached that the variation between lots was nearly as great as when they were fed different rations in the experiment itself. It is difficult therefore to correctly interpret the facts brought out in feeding experiments. We are measuring results by gains of animals, taking into consideration the amount of feed required to make a pound of gain. Unfortunately our yard stick varies in length. On the same ration one animal will make a gain on a less quantity of food than will another. The personal equation is therefore an important factor, one hard to eliminate and not entirely disposed of when a large number of steers are fed. : By the use of the appropriation the work of this department has been greatly enlarged, placed in new quarters and more thoroughly organ- ized. On the station plots the work has been continued along lines already adopted, the enlargements being mainly in increasing the work on plant selection. Prof. Moses Craig now devotes his entire time to plant selection, cross-fertilization and plant breeding generally. He is work- ing with the horticulturist in the cross-breeding of strawberries and 100 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. tree fruits and with the farm department in the selection of cereals and legumes. The work with wheat has been continued for several years, resulting already in the introduction of better strains. Annually im- proved strains of standard varieties are sent out in smaller or larger quantities from the station. In addition to this work the department is now making tests of varieties originating in the state and giving promise of merit. These new varieties are rigidly selected and the results already attained demonstrate that before many years practi- cally all of the wheat grown in Michigan will be from strains developed at the station. Whether the soy bean is to prove a factor of consequence in Michi- gan agriculture is left an unsettled question. We are selecting it first to get a legume of greater foliage and value as a forage crop and, second to secure greater productivity. It is certain that it will not compete with clover as a general farm crop; it may surpass it for ‘spring sowing where a heavy crop to plow under or a late summer crop for feeding is desired. The cow-pea will need fundamental changes in its habits and characteristics before it will be of great consequence to Michigan. The continued studies of the relation of legumes to soil fertility have not resulted in the publication of bulletins. The matter must be kept in abeyance until more definite results are obtained. Several sorts of inoculating material were tried, but so far as appearance of plots or weight of yields were concerned no benefits seem to accrue from their use. The results with soy beans were quite contradictory. There are certain factors involved in the problem which are not yet recognized and have not been given due weight. Much time and money has been spent in attempting to grow sugar beet seed capable of producing beets rich in sugar and of good tonnage. So far, it must be confessed the results have not been encouraging. The mother beets were practically all of them destroyed by a root rot, probably a rhizoctonia. This was true notwithstanding the fact that they were buried in dry sand in such a way as not to permit one beet to touch another. Again, notwithstanding the most careful selection by the test of the chemist it has not been possible to increase the per cent of sugar in successive crops of mother beets. The tendency has been rather downward than upward. It will be necessary to continue this investigation for a few seasons more before finally deciding whether to abandon the effort to grow beet seed in Michigan or not. The work: with alfalfa has also been continued. Here also the mat- ter of inoculation has been retried. Certain plots were sown with seed inoculated with a culture sent on from Washington, the next plot in- oculated with a commercial culture, a third uninoculated. But one crop has yet been harvested from these plots. The yields have shown no advantage on the side of the inoculated seed. The application of lime gave sometimes increased yields and sometimes no increase. So the application of potassic and phosphatic fertilizers gave no concordant results. No difficulty was experienced in getting a stand, nor did the alfalfa winter-kill badly except on the plots devoted to date seeding and to the test of seed from different sources. Seed was sown each spring, summer and autumn months in 1905. Of the several sowings the July seeding seemed to show the best growth in the spring of 1906. The EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 101 October and November sowing of 1904 were entire failures, so were the April, May, August, September and October sowings of 1905. On the larger plots the seedings of May and June were very weak and unsatis- factory. The July sowing was particularly fortunate in that the seed was sown just before a damp and warm period. Rain fell in gentle ‘showers after the seed was sown and the weather kept moist long enough to prevent the formation of a crust. Every seed seemed to grow and the stand was very good indeed. Such conditions do not usually obtain in July and the good seeding obtained must be counted rather as an accident than otherwise. As to the seed from the different sources, the fact that none of them made a good stand on the larger plots simply indicates that the ex- periment must be tried over again to bring forth any results. Of the foreign seed furnished by the department at Washington, several sorts are promising, others are of no value whatever. The work will be con- tinued through 1906 before any definite report can be made. The plots sown in the spring of 1903 had become so badly infested with blue grass as to make comparison of yields of adjacent plots use- less. It must be remembered that to prevent the invasion of blue grass these plots have been treated for two successive years to crops of sugar beets and kept absolutely free from grass and weeds, just prior to sow- ing the alfalfa. The department is carrying forward a large amount of co-operative work in a quiet way with various farmers, devoting this work to cer- tain specific problems. On some of the very sandy loams fertilizing questions have been studied. The results will not be ready for publi- cation until verified several times. So far commercial fertilizers have not exhibited great values on this class of soil but it is too early to speak with definiteness on the topic as the problem has not been studied in all its bearings. With twenty selected farmers, variety tests of corn and oats are going forward. With another class of farmers a study of selected seed wheat is being made. With still another farmer there is a fertilizer test with wheat. In this way studies are taken up which cannot be made on the college farm. The station has begun with renewed vigor its selection with seed corn, taking up more especially the question of the best ear of the best variety. In this work it is receiving the aid of many co-operators in various parts of the state. Respectfully submitted, C.D. SMITE, Director and Agronomist. Agricultural College, June 30, 1906. 102 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. REPORT OF THE BACTERIOLOGIST. Director C. D. Smith, College: Dear Sir—The experimental work of this department for the current _year has been a continuation of investigations begun two or three years ago. Several bulletins were published from this department at the close of last year, but nothing has been given out during the current year. Many data arising from our investigations are available for pub- lication at the present time, but it is thought that we would serve our constituency better to withhold these data for the purpose of verifica- tion and also for further accumulation. Our studies of the association of bacteria in milk have been continued, and we have now planned for their completion. Much routine work is required in carrying out these researches, consequently the time of publication will be somewhat de- layed. We propose, after finishing our association studies, to continue, however, work which is very similar to this, in the form of ascertaining as far as possible the influence of bacteria on the keeping quality of milk and butter. What time has been available after carrying out the required work along milk lines has been given to the study of swine epidemics. This work we also propose to continue more vigorously during the coming year. In connection with the above work Mr. Bushnell has proved very efficient in rendering assistance. Mr. Sackett is still at work upon the problem of bacterial action in the soil, and from the results already obtained, I feel confident that he will secure valuable scientific facts in this work. Besides the above study, Mr. Sackett has spent no little time in providing bacterial cul- tures for the cultivation of leguminous plants. This work requires much close attention and great care. As far as he has gone into the practical management of cultures his results prove encouraging. Each new year brings with it much additional outside work, which consumes time and energy. Although we strive to cut out examina- tions of only private interest, there is much which pertains to the state at large and which we feel it our duty to properly analyze, for all analyses of general character contribute to an understanding of the actual state conditions; in other words, these examinations enable us to better understand and interpret the class of scientific phenomena in Michigan. Very respectfully submitted, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, Bacteriologist. Agricultural College, June 30, 1906. EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 103 REPORT OF HORTICULTURIST. Prof. Clinton D. Smith, Director: Sir—The work done by the horticulturist of the experiment station during the past year has consisted in supervising the work of the South Haven Sub-station and the co-operative work that is being done in various parts of the state, and replying to the numerous inquiries re- garding horticultural matters that are addressed to or referred to this department. THE SOUTH HAVEN STATION. At the end of the year 1905, Mr. T. A. Farrand, who had been in charge of the sub-station for three years resigned and Frank A. Wilken, who had acted as foreman for Mr. Farrand for two seasons, was ap- pointed to take his place. Before leaving, Mr. Farrand prepared a re- port of the work done during the year and it was issued as Special Bulletin No. 35. This bulletin gives very complete notes upon the varieties fruiting in 1905, and especially upon those that had not borne in previous years. Considerable attention was also paid to the spraying experiments that were carried on in the station orchard and also in some of the com- mercial orchards in the vicinity. | The results of the work as published show the importance of spray- ing orchards of all kinds. For the most part the applications were made in accordance with the spraying calendars issued by this depart- ment. Although the season was very favorable to the development of fungous diseases, and equally unfavorable to success in the application of fungicides, excellent results were secured in every case where the standard remedies were used as recommended in previous bulletins. Cherry Leaf-blight.—Nothing was more marked than the results at- tending the spraying of the cherry orchard. Applications of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green were made just before the blossoms opened and again as soon as the fruit was free from the calyx. A third applica- tion was made two weeks later. As was generally observed last year, nearly all of the leaves dropped from unsprayed trees, in the vicinity, by the middle of June, from the attack of various fungi commonly known as “leaf blight.” The weather continued cold and wet, a condi- tion favorable for the development of these fungi, and as the new leaves were also attacked as they came out, the trees remained almost bare of leaves. As a result of this, the fruit could not ripen properly and even though it became somewhat colored, it did not soften and was so bitter that it could not be used. Not only was the cherry crop lost entirely on unsprayed trees but, owing to lack of leaves, the wood did not ripen properly and thousands of trees in the state were killed by the winter. In fact it can be said that nearly every cherry tree in Michigan that was not properly sprayed was injured to a serious ex- tent. The writer has seen a number of orchards that were in splendid condition previous to 1905 in which fully one-half of the trees were 104 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. dead or dying, and the others had suffered severely either in trunk or branches. Had these trees received two or three applications of Bordeaux mixture in the spring of 1905 they would have not only matured a good crop of fruit, but would have been in splendid condition for a crop this year. Morello cherries in particular should never be allowed to go unsprayed and it will pay well with all varieties. Spraying for Apple Scab.—The weather throughout the season was very favorable for the development of the apple scab yet, where the trees were thoroughly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, an excellent crop was secured and the fruit was quite free from the effect of this disease. On the other hand, unsprayed trees produced very little fruit and, particuarly in case of varieties subject to the attack of the fungus of the apple scab, this was of little value for market, being very scabby and misshapen. The cold, wet weather at the time the trees were in blossom caused the scab fungus to attack the flowers and flower stalks and, as a con- sequence, the trees that had not been sprayed set very little fruit and, as the attack continued, much of this dropped from the trees or was only fit for cider apples. The benefit from the early application had often been noticed in previous years but it was seldom so marked as in 1905. One of the experiments repeated in 1905 was to determine the rela- tive value of an application of copper sulphate solution, at the rate of two pounds in fifty gallons of water during the month of March or early April, as compared with Bordeaux mixture applied just as the blossoms were opening. This comparison had been made a number of times in previous years and, as a result, we had recommended the use of Bordeaux mixture as late as possible before the opening of the flowers, in order that the flower stalks might be coated with a fungicide during the blossoming period, as it had been observed that the entire crop of apples might be lost from the attack of the apple scab fungus at that time. From the fact that rainy weather at the time the appli- cation should be made, sometimes makes it impossible to use Bordeaux mixture as recommended, we have suggested the use of the copper sul- phate solution, especially in large orchards that would require several days for spraying and in which the loss of the crop would amount to a considerable sum. The result of the experiment in 1905 was unexpectedly favorable for the early application of copper sulphate solution, as the season being so favorable for the development of scab it was expected that far better results could be secured with Bordeaux mixture just before the blos- soms opened. However, although the amount of scab upon the trees sprayed with copper sulphate was greater than where Bordeaux mix- ture was used, the difference was comparatively slight and it would not noticeably affect the grading of the apples. So far as the controlling of the injury from scab at the time of blossoming is concerned no dif- ference could be noticed in the setting of the fruit. As a consequence, we shall still continue to recommend the early application of copper sulphate solution but think that, if conditions are favorable for spraying after the blossom buds appear but before the petals open, it will be well to go over the trees at that time with Bordeaux mixture, adding Paris EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 105 green if there are canker worms or other leaf-eating insects in the orchard. ; Copper Sulphate vs. Iron Sulphate.—Owing to the fact that sulphate of iron is produced as a by-product in many manufacturing establish- ments, and hence can be obtained at a comparatively low price, while on the other hand an increased demand for copper sulphate has caused it to advance from 100 to 150 per cent over the price charged for it fifteen years ago, many fruit growers are inquiring if sulphate of. iron cannot be substituted for sulphate of copper. ‘To test this question a number of trees of each of the different classes of fruit were sprayed with sulphate of iron during the spring and, later on, with iron- Bordeaux mixture formed by substituting iron sulphate, or green vitriol, for copper sulphate, or blue vitriol, in Bordeaux mixture. It formed an excellent spraying material and coated the trees very thor- oughly, giving them a dirty, brown appearance but, as the season ad- vanced, it was evident that its value as a fungicide was much less than that of the ordinary Bordeaux mixture. Apple and pear trees were considerably injured by the scab fungus, and cherries and plums suf- fered very seriously from the attack of brown rot, the injury being nearly as great as where trees were left unsprayed, while trees of the Same varieties sprayed with Bordeaux mixture escaped with but slight loss from the attack of fungi. Small quantities of copperas were also used as a fertilizer upon the different kinds of trees, but no effect could be detected either upon the growth of the trees, the color of the foliage, or the amount of injury from fungi. Judging from this year’s experi- ence with sulphate of iron, it is not thought advisable to recommend it either as a fungicide or a fertilizer, although its germicidal qualities when used as a solution at the rate of five pounds in fifty gallons of water, during the dormant period, upon trees and vines where the spores winter upon the branches, may make it valuable for that purpose. August Spraying for the Codling Moth.—The use of Paris green for the control of the codling moth was at first confined to one or two appli- cations made within two or three weeks after the petals had fallen and before the basins were closed by the calyx. This proved quite effective for the destruction of the first brood, but it was known that a second brood developed in August and, although entomologists claimed that sprayings made after the middle of June would not be effective, it has been found in actual practice that if an arsenite can be used at about the time the second brood of larvae appear it will have a very marked effect in rendering the fruit free from worms. However thoroughly the trees may be sprayed in May and June some of the worms will certainly escape and, especially if there are unsprayed orchards in the vicinity, there will be a sufficient number of moths in August to provide eggs for a large proportion of the fruit. By that time the early applica- tions will have been washed off and, unless something is done to de- stroy the second brood, serious loss may result to winter varieties. Experience has shown that one or two applications of an arsenite during the first half of August will aid materially in saving the fruit. From the fact that Paris green or arsenite of lime are readily washed off, it has been found desirable to use arsenate of lead at this time, especially -if only one application is made. This has greater adhesive 14 106 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. qualities than either of the other arsenites and is less apt to injure the foliage. It can be used in water without the addition of lime which is not the case with the others. It will be well, however, especially if the season is wet and the varieties are subject to apple scab, to combine the arsenite with Bordeaux mixture, using for the latter about three pounds of copper sulphate and five pounds of lime in fifty gallons of water. Hight ounces of Paris green, or three pounds of Swift’s arsenate of lead, or Disparene, will be required for fifty gallons of water, or Bordeaux mixture. In case the codling moth has been troublesome in previous years, and especially if there are unsprayed orchards in the vicinity, it will be desirable to make one application about the first of August and — another two weeks later for winter varieties. This treatment has been . thoroughly tested for several years and where the work has been prop- erly done has never failed to give satisfaction. The Mulching of Orchards.—The orchards at the South Haven sta- tion have, from time they were planted, been cultivated dur- ing the spring and early summer and then sown to some cover crop. In the spring of 1905 one of the pear orchards, in which a cover crop of mammoth clover was growing, was allowed to go without plowing and the clover was cut and placed under the trees as a mulch. This treatment will be continued for several years and the results noted. One of the cherry orchards will also be treated in a similar manner. Last spring arrangements were made to handle in the same way newly planted trees of European and Japanese plums and peaches. For comparing the various methods the trees have been divided into a number of blocks, one of which will be cultivated and sown to a cover crop, and the others will be in sod but, in one block, the grass will be cut for a mulch, while the others in addition to this will receive respectively mulchings of straw and strawy manure. Controlling Cut Worms.—Frequent inquiries are received regarding the best method of destroying cut worms. Our experience last year at the South Haven station, in what was a demonstration rather than an experiment since the method used has been known to be effective for many years, may be worth repeating. In May and June of last year considerable injury was done by cut worms to a field of recently planted strawberries. The larvae were evidently in the manure used upon the land which had been picked up about the village. When they first appeared the plants were sprayed with Paris green in Bordeaux mix- ture, but the numbers became so great that even this did not suffice to save the plants. Poisoned bran was then resorted to with complete success. The bran was first moistened with enough molasses to stick it together. Paris green.was then freely added and the bran was made into small balls which were scattered about the fields. Thousands of worms were killed in this way and no further injury was noticed. If to be used where there is danger of poisoning poultry, freshly cut clover can be sprinkled with Paris green water and scattered where the worms are thickest. To get the best results this should be done in the early evening. Spraying for the San Jose Scale.—For several years numerous reme- dies for the destruction of the San Jose scale have been tested in orch- EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 107 ards infested with this insect in the vicinity of South Haven. The re- sults have been published in the reports for 1904 and 1905, but as these had only limited circulation it is deemed best to briefly refer to them here. The best success has been secured with what is known as the sulphur and lime mixture, or the California wash. The use of fifteen pounds of sulphur and twenty-five pounds of lime in fifty gallons of water gave as good results as stronger mixtures and was more effectual than when smaller amounts were employed. A slight reduction could be made in the amount of lime, but it is deemed best to use the above amount as it makes a whiter mixture and thus makes it easier to deter- mine the completeness of the spraying. The best results have been se- cured when the applications have been made during the month of April, although if it is known that the trees are infested in the fall it will be well to spray them as soon as the greater part of the leaves have dropped. As the results depend upon the thoroughness of the spraying, it will always be well to cut away any surplus branches, especially if they have been injured by the scale, and head back those that remain as it will nearly always be found that if any parts of the tree have been only partially sprayed it will be the ends of the spraw- ling branches. If large quantities of this mixture are to be prepared it will be best to use a steam boiler, a traction engine answering very well for the purpose. Pipes and lines of hose can carry the steam to a number of barrels, or to a large tank, and a ten-horse power boiler can prepare enough material to keep two power spraying outfits in operation. When small quantities only are needed they can be prepared in large, iron kettles, as it will only be necessary to add twelve or fifteen gallons of ~ water to the amount of sulphur and lime required for fifty gallons, until after it has been boiled. While heat is necessary to dissolve the sulphur it can be secured if necessary from the slaking of the lime. Warm water should be used to start the slaking and the sulphur should be gradually sifted in and mixed with the lime. Add only enough water to make a thick paste and if covered carefully to retain the heat the mixture will be in good condition for use in an hour or two. Ordinarily when steam or fire is used to cook the mixture the actual boiling need not occupy more than forty-five minutes. Among the other remedies tested was Con-Sol. This was said to be a concentrated form of the ordinary sulphur and lime mixture and was claimed to be more effectual against the San Jose scale than any mix- ture that could be produced upon the farm. Although it was accom- panied by the strongest testimonials, we were unable to obtain satis- factory results from its use. The tests in other states were no more successful and its manufacture has been abandoned. _ Several remedies composed largely of petroleum in a form soluble in water were also tested. As a winter spray these seem to give better results than Con-Sol, but none of them equal those secured with sul- phur and lime. They were also tested as a summer spray, but when diluted so that no injury was done to the foliage, they were only fatal to .the crawling larvae and white sets. It sometimes is desirable to spray trees during the summer that are not known to be infested until after the buds have opened in the spring, when it is too late to use the 108 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. sulphur and lime. For use under this condition we have been better pleased with an eight or ten per cent kerosene emulsion than with a two per cent soluble petroleum mixture, which is as strong as these commercial preparations can be used upon the foliage. In the case of large trees, it will often be possible to spray the trunks and main branches with sulphur and lime even after the leaves are out, if care is taken not to get very much upon the young growth. ‘Treated in this way it will carry trees over until the fall or winter that without a summer application would be seriously injured. CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS. The work that has for a number of years been carried on in a Co- operative way has been considerably extended and not only have new lines of work been taken up but the experiments have been distributed over the state, and more attention has been paid to the details of the work. To a certain extent it is of the nature of a demonstration than of original research, as the methods and remedies that are being tried have all been tested and found beneficial. The principal object of this work is, in addition to showing the’ farmers and fruit growers the methods of carrying it on and the results secured, to ascertain with a greater degree of exactness the extent to which the work can be carried with profit, and the results that can be secured in a commercial. way under the various conditions of soil and climate. In former years, the work has been along the line of variety tests with trees and plants furnished by the station, and of testing various fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides and methods of applying them, to orchard fruits. The new work has been along the following lines: Orchard Culture Methods.—Although a large per cent of the acreage of the peach orchards are kept in cultivation, nearly all of the apple orchards are in sod and are used either as pastures or meadows. AS a result, the trees make but slight growth and the fruit is generally lacking both in quantity. and quality. Even in peach orchards that are cultivated, the results have not always been satisfactory, especially when the trees are located upon knolls from which the snow blows in winter and root-killing results. Unless cover crops are used, which is not always the case, the soil soon becomes deficient in humus and not only washes badly but suffers seriously in dry seasons. As a par- tial corrective of these difficulties, many fruit growers have adopted what they call a sod mulch treatment, that is, the trees are kept in sod and the grass is cut and either placed under the trees as a mulch or aliowed to remain where it falls. In most cases this has failed to give the results desired, from that fact the mulch thus obtained is in- sufficient. To be effectual the mulch should be sufficient in quantity to prevent the growth of grass under the trees and for a short distance beyond the ends of the branches. To provide this mulch it will usually be necessary to use straw or other waste materials under the trees in addition to what can be grown between the rows. After the trees come into bearing, and even before if it is needed, a sufficient quantity of stable manure should be spread about the trees to enable them to make a growth of at least one foot and to develop the fruit crop to perfection. EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 109 When trees are mulched, care should be taken to protect them from mice which sometimes girdle large, bearing trees, and are very destruc- tive to young trees. It is not only advisable to keep the mulch a foot or two away from the trunks, about which a mound of earth should be placed, but the trunks themselves should be wrapped with wooden veneers, building paper or similar materials. Cultural experiments are being carried on in a number of orchards. Arrangements have been made to divide the trees into four to six plots, each of which is treated in a different way. The object of these experi- ments is to ascertain just which method will be found best for the soil and climate where the orchards are located. The growth of the trees, the quantity, flavor, color and shipping quality of the fruit will be noted. Although it will be several years before final results can be reached, the experiments have gone far enough to show that under ordinary conditions the best results cannot be obtained in a sod orchard unless a sufficient amount of mulching material is provided to prevent the growth of grass under the trees. The Prevention of Black Rot of the Grape.—Although this disease has been very troublesome in most of the states farther south it has done comparatively little harm in Michigan. For the most part the Michigan vineyards are upon elevated, rolling locations where the soil is of a sandy nature. The weather also during July and August is generally hot and dry, all of which conditions are unfavorable for the development of the fungus that causes black rot. During the last two years, however, the rain fall during the summer has been unusually heavy and there has been a considerable amount of hot, muggy weather. In 1905, the black rot appeared in several vineyards in the vicinity of Lawton and Paw Paw and reduced the crop to a noticeable extent. It is more than probable that, if the present season resembles that of last year, the vineyards in which the disease has appeared will suffer very seriously and it will most likely spread to others in the vicinity. it has been known for nearly twenty years that if Bordeaux mixture is used in the vineyards the loss from black rot will be largely, if not entirely prevented. Several persons whose vineyards were attacked last year have obtained power spraying outfits and have already made two or three applications. Two of these parties have undertaken systematic experimental work in co-operation with the department to ascertain just when the spraying should be done to secure the best re- sults and the number of applications that will be necessary. The Potato Blight and Rot.—In a general way what has been said regarding the black rot of the grape applies to the blight of the potato. This disease seldom fails to do much harm to the potato crop in the eastern states but for the reasons given for the comparative freedom from rot in the Michigan vineyards it has only been during the last two or three years, when the summers have been unusually wet and muggy, that it has done noticeable harm in Michigan. This disease also yields readily to spraying with Bordeaux mixture and several par- ties are carrying on experiments to ascertain just how many applica- tions may be made with profit, and the best time for spraying. Numerous other experiments are being carried on in a co-operative ’ 110 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. way. They include fertilizer experiments in vineyards and orchards and a test of various insecticides for the control of the San Jose scale, rose chafer and other insects. Correspondence.—A large amount of time has been used in answer- ing letters of inquiry from correspondents. These covered almost every phase of horticulture and have included the treatment that should be given most of the common insects and diseases of orchards and gardens. In quite a number of instances when the letters have referred to matters that would be of general interest, they have been duplicated and answers have been sent to the agricultural papers and others that would be likely to give them space in their columns. Respectfully submitted, LA RAPAPT, Agricultural College, Mich., June 27, 1906. Horticulturist. REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE AND LAND- SCAPE GARDENING. Director C. D. Smith: I submit my first report as associate horticulturist of the agricultural experiment station, including the work done from September 1, 1905, when my duties began, to July 1, 1906. The associate horticulturist has been placed in charge of all horti- cultural experimentation at the college. During the year I have given much consideration to the general policy that should guide this work, with the following conclusions: 1. It is not expedient for us to devote much energy to testing new varieties of strawberries, apples and other fruits. The South Haven experiment station does that work admirably and its reports are of great practical value to the fruit growers of the state, especially of the fruit belt. Duplication of this work at the college would be valuable, but not in proportion to the expenditure; because we are not located in a fruit district and hence the results of our variety testing would have a more limited application, and because there are so many other lines of work to which we could give our attention more profitably. 2. The site and soil of the present horticultural grounds are poorly adapted for tree fruits, being low, poorly drained and, worst of all, underlaid with quicksand. For this reason it will not be wise to ex- tend the present planting of tree fruits until more suitable land can be secured; an experimental orchard should at least have as good a site and soil as a commercial grower would select. Our land can be used to much better advantage for experiments with small fruits and vegetables, although lacking in uniformity. By far the most impor- tant small fruit in the state, commercially, is the strawberry. Atten- tion should be given chiefly to this fruit, without neglecting the other small fruits that thrive on our soil. EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 111 3. I suggest that the dominating features of experimental work in horticulture at the college be two: cross pollination and plant breed- ing. This does not mean that other needed lines of investigation shall be entirely neglected, but that our energies shall be expended mainly upon these two subjects. These experiments are chosen from the many that might be undertaken with profit because of their interest to the practical horticulturists of the state and because the results may have great commercial value. EXPERIMENTS IN PROGRESS. These may be classified as follows: 1. Pollination Problems. (a) Cross pollination of orchard fruits. In charge of Mr. Fletcher. (b) Cross pollination of the strawberry. In charge of Mr. Fletcher. 2. Plant Breeding. (a) Selection of seed potatoes. In charge of Mr. McCue. (b) Breeding blight-resistent varieties of potatoes. In charge of Mr. McCue. (c) The practical value of selection or “pedigree” in the propagation of the strawberry. In charge of Mr. Fletcher. (d) A comparison of methods of propagating the strawberry. In charge of Mr. Fletcher. 3. Miscellaneous Experiments. (a) Spraying for potato blight. In charge of Mr. McCue. (b) Lettuce diseases. In charge of Mr. Fletcher and Mr. Gun- son. Pollination Experiments.—These are a continuation of work done by Mr. Fletcher for several years. Their main object is to determine which of the common commercial varieties of fruits are benefited by being planted near other sorts that can supply them with pollen and what varieties it is best to plant together. Incidentally the seeds of desirable crosses will be saved and planted in the effort to secure varieties that are an imprdédvement on existing sorts in some important respects. In November we shall have ready for publication a bulletin giving the results of our work on Bartlett and Kieffer pears, Gold Drop peach and Spy apples. About 12,000 blossoms of these varieties were crossed this season, the pollenizers used being Anjou, Lawrence, Bartlett, Duchess and Garber on Kieffer; Anjou, Lawrence and Kieffer on Bartlett; St. Johns, Late Crawford and Lewis Seedling on Gold Drop, and Baldwin and Rhode Island Greening and Spy. The results indicate a marked difference in the value of these several varieties as pollenizers for the varieties under experiment, and these differences are of practical significance. Three thousand strawberry blossoms were crossed with interesting results. The strawberry pollination experiments will be continued for at least another season before the results will be ready for publication. Selection of Seed Potatoes.—Three-fourths of an acre was planted to 112 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Rural New Yorker No. 2; these potatoes will be sprayed and given good culture during the season. In the fall each hill will be examined and a eareful selection of seed will be made. The size, form, weight of tubers in a hill, number of tubers in a hill, and general thrift will be the basis. of selection. Selected tubers will be used for planting in 1907 and the crop of that year will be selected likewise. The plan is to continue this selection for at least five years. The object is to determine how much it is possible to increase the yield of merchantable potatoes per acre by selection. Breeding Blight-resistant Potatoes——The endeavor is to breed up a blight-resistant variety of potato of good quality. About 100 varieties of potatoes are being grown this year, to ascertain their blight-resistant qualities. Many of these are the so called “blight-proof” varieties, secured from different parts of the country. Among the varieties are several obtained from Japan, and also a few hills of Solanum com- mersoni. Only the most promising varieties or hills will be saved for further trial. Crosses will be made between the most blight-resistant sorts, so as to give further opportunity for selection. Eight thousand potato seedlings are being grown in 1906 for the purpose of selection. If a potato is found that is blight-resistant, but of poor quality, it will be crossed with some variety of good quality, and breeding will be continued until the two desirable points are combined in one sort. We do not expect to accomplish these results in two years, and prob- ably not in five years, but a good start may be made in that time.. It is extremely important that the work may be pursued from year to year without deviation from the original purpose. The large potato interests of the state justify an adequate support of Mr. McCue in the three experiments he has undertaken. Spraying for the Late Blight of Potatoes Experiments in spraying potatoes for the control of late blight are being conducted at the station and in co-operation with private growers elsewhere. The results of the experiments of last season are published in Bulletin No. 236. Two acres of potatoes are being grown at the station for this experiment in 1906. Some of the different methods of spraying are: 1. Sprayed with Bordeaux mixture every 7 days. Sprayed with Bordeaux mixture every 10 days. Sprayed with Bordeaux mixture every 15 days. Sprayed with Bordeaux mixture every 20 days. Sprayed with lime water, 6 Ibs. to 50 gals., every 10 days. Sprayed with bluestone, 1 lb. to 50 gals., every 10 days. Sprayed with Paris green alone every 10 days. Sprayed with Paris green alone every 15 days. Sprayed with Paris green alone every 20 days. 10. Sprayed every 15 days with fungicides recommended and do- nated by the Bowker Insecticide Co. All seed was treated with corrosive sublimate. The results are to be computed per acre and a careful account of ex- pense of treatment kept. Circular letters containing directions for co-operative work in potato spraying have been sent to about fifty growers in the state and fifteen CHARI Wh EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 113 have signified their willingness to co-operate and are now spraying according to our directions. Some of these fields will be visited in August, for the purpose of noting results. “Pedigree Strawberries.”—Eight thousand strawberry plants of five varieties, set in the spring of 1906, are being used in this work. Each of the plants is being subjected to the closest scrutiny, a record being kept of its habit of growth, resistance to disease, number of runners thrown out, number of crowns, hardiness, fruiting habit, productive- ness, character of berry, and other points that are important in the commercial value of a strawberry plant. Each plant is allowed to set but two runners and the three are considered one plant in taking records. After fruiting, possibly two years, selection will be made and runners will be taken as follows: 1. Productiveness. (a) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the most fruit by weight. (b) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the least fruit by weight. 2. Season. (a) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the earliest fruit. (b) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the latest fruit. 3. Size of Berry. @ (a) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the largest berries (total weight of berries divided by number). (b) From the 50 plants of each variety bearing the smallest berries. Incidentally selection will also be made for other points, but these three will be given closest attention. The runners taken from the several sets of selected plants will be planted and individual records of them kept as regards all the points concerning which the parent plants were examined. This process of selection should continue for at least five generations. The object of the experiment is to determine how much is gained by propagating only from the most excellent plants instead of from the bed at large, the common method today; in other words, of what practical value is the “pedigree” idea as applied to the strawberry? Experiment in Strawberry Propagation——This experiment on straw- berry selection brings up the question of how to propagate from de- sirable plants. Here also there is need of a thorough experiment ex- tending over a series of years. We have the following test under way: Two thousand plants have been planted, 500 each of Brandywine, Dun- lap, Gandy and Aroma. One-third of the plants of each of these vari- eties will be allowed to make runners at will, but these runners will not be allowed to fruit, being taken up in the spring and set out for a new propagating bed. This is the common nursery method of propa- gating the strawberry. One-third of the plants will be allowed to make runner plants at will and to fruit in the spring of 1907. In the spring of 1908 runners will be taken that have been thrown out by bearing plants in this bed and these will be used to set out a new bed. This method of taking runners for a new planting from old beds that have 15 114 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. supposedly been weakened by fruit bearing, is thought by some to be very injurious. The third lot of plants will be grown in double hedge-row. A few of the most desirable plants will be staked. Runners from these will be separated from the mother plants as soon as they appear and rooted in the cold frame. These plants will be used to plant a propagating bed. They will be allowed to form runners at will, and these will be used for the larger commercial plantings of another year. If the ex- periment is to be conclusive, this sequence should be maintained, with each of the three lots of plants, for at least five generations. Lettuce Diseases——Last January the horticultural department re- ceived from several greenhouse lettuce growers of Grand Rapids samples of diseased lettuce. This was determined by Prof. R. H. Pettit to be Marsonia perforans, a fungous disease that has been quite serious in Ohio. A conference of the Grand Rapids lettuce growers was called by Mr. Gunson and plans laid for experimental work. It soon de- veloped that other diseases, especially the “rot” or Botrytis are often very troublesome in Grand Rapids houses, and that the whole matter of culture, especially of watering must be investigated. Experiments were conducted in the college greenhouses and in the greenhouse of Mr. F. M. Strong of Grand Rapids, who has very kindly assisted us through- out the experiment. Both of the experiments were supervised by Mr. Gunson. The experiment to control the lettuce diseases at Grand Rapids, briefly, was directed along three lines: First, to sterilize the soil through lines of drain tile sunk fifteen inches below the surface; second, to water the soil through lines of tile similarly placed, thus avoiding surface watering, which is conducive to disease; third, to manufacture an artificial soil that will hold enough moisture to carry out a crop without being watered while it is growing, similar to the famous Boston lettuce soil. Two crops of lettuce were grown on plats prepared for the above treatment.» We are not yet prepared to report conclusions from the experiments, except to say that the great problem is that of watering. A practical method of watering below the surface the light porous soils of Grand Rapids lettuce houses would wonderfully reduce the amount of rot, rust and other diseases that injure the crop; to this end the experiments of another season will be shaped. At the col- lege lettuce was grown on soil from Boston and from Grand Rapids lettuce houses, and also on several specially prepared soils containing varying amounts of humus and sand. The results were striking and will be of service to us in the work of another year, but we cannot make much headway in this work until we have a lettuce house with a ground bed similar to the Grand Rapids houses. At present only a raised bed and a bench are available. The magnitude of the lettuce interests in the state—1,000 tons of lettuce were shipped from Grand Rapids alone last year—make it desirable to give close attention to the problems of these constituents. Plans for next winter’s work on lettuce are already under way. During the year four of my students have done some very creditable experimental work which will be available for publication at some time. Mr. C. G. Woodbury, on “Methods of Spraying for the San Jose Scale ;” Mr. M. J. Dorsey, on “The Cold Storage of Fruits;” Mr. T. H. McHat- EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 115 ton, on “Cross-pollination of Strawberries;” and Mr. O. I. Gregg, on “Cross-pollination of Tomatoes.” THE ORCHARDS AND GARDENS. During the year all of the east extension of the college orchard was removed. It consisted almost wholly of Russian varieties of apples, all of which, with one or two exceptions, have proved to be of little value here. Cions of a few of the best sorts were taken and were grafted this spring. Two-thirds of the south block of apples was thinned out, every other row being removed entirely, and every other tree in the rows remaining, leaving the standing trees two rods apart. Cions were taken of desirable sorts removed, and these were grafted. The remainder of the block will be similarly treated next winter, also certain portions of the middle block that are badly crowded. The peaches and sweet cherries east of the south block of apples have mostly died out; we purpose to fill out the block with sour cherries. The present orchards, with the exception of the block of old Spy apples, consist of one to four trees of a variety, not enough of any one kind to be useful for ex- periments, except as a variety test. Most of the varieties are new or worthless; we have very few standard sorts. We need a commercial orchard, consisting of not more than four standard varieties of each fruit, in which cultural experiments can be conducted. The total area of commercial planting need not exceed fifteen acres. We have no land in the department that a commercial grower would think of planting to tree fruits; it is mostly low, poorly drained, and has a quicksand bot- tom. I hope some way may be found to secure a site for a creditable commercial orchard that can be used for experimental work. Respectfully submitted, S. W. FLETCHER. Agricultural College, Mich., June 30, 1906. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Prof. C. D. Smith, Director: Following is a brief report of the work done by the department of entomology of the experiment station during the year ending June 30, 1906, also of the work in botany. . One bulletin has been issued during the year, viz.: Bulletin 233, “In- sects of the Garden,” also a press bulletin on the joint-worm. The un- usually wet weather which has prevailed for the past three seasons has developed an unusual number of scale insects, soft scales or Lecania on fruit and shade trees all over the state, it also brought an invasion of the army-worm in July, 1905. The joint-worm of wheat is, at the present time, very destienteivek Experiments were commenced last fall to determine ‘the effect of soak- ing straw in the liquids of the stable. Quantities of the short. segments of stems that were broken out during threshing, were subjected “to the 116 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. ordinary conditions of the stable when straw is used as bedding, and afterwards placed in cages, but no adults have as yet appeared. Strangely enough, none of the check cages, containing exactly the same sort of material except that it had not been used as bedding, yielded any adults, although cages containing the rye joint-worm, standing on the same shelf, produced a plentiful supply. The experiment will be repeated this fall if a supply of the larvae is to be had. It was found after diligent inquiry that wheat grown on soil manured in the fall with fresh manure (and straw) suffered the most. Fields fertilized with well rotted manure and old straw escaped with markedly less damage. Trips have been made to several parts of the state to°examine into and advise in special cases of insect trouble, one trip being made to the upper peninsula sub-station and the region thereabout to study the larch saw-fly which is proving very serious over large areas, defoliating the tamaracks and killing many of them. Some time has been spent in studying the soft scales of the state, col- lecting and making careful studies of their structures in order to try to differentiate the different species. It remains to thank my assistants, Mr. E. J. Krause and Mr. Moses Craig. Mr. Krause, whose work in rearing and preparing insects has been most satisfactory, and Mr. Craig for his aid in the botanical work, which latter he has attended to in large measure, determining plants, weeds, etc., and making many seed tests. The writer wishes to convey his sincere thanks and appreciation to both these gentlemen. Very respectfully submitted, R. H. PETTIT. Agricultural College, Mich., June 30, 1906. REPORT OF THE CONSULTING VETERINARIAN. Director C. D. Smith: Dear Sir—As consulting veterinarian for the experiment station my work for the past year has been principally the answering of inquiries from farmers with regard to diseased animals. So far as contagious disorders go, Michigan seems to be especially blessed. We are practi- cally exempt from many of the serious contagious disorders from which many of the other states suffer. The contagious swine disorders cause some losses, but the losses for the most part are confined to rather small areas. In some localities quite a good many sheep have been lost, some from internal parasites, others from what seemed to be an incurable chronic indigestion, the exact cause of which could not be determined. The so-called “Grand Traverse” disease continues to cause losses in certain sections. Respectfully submitted, GEO. A. WATERMAN, Consulting Veterinarian. Agricultural College, Mich., June 30, 1906. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES. > pita AN, ge iG) METEOROLOGICAL GBSERVATIONS. Meteorological observations for the month of January, 1905, at Agricultural college, Lansing, Thermometer in open air. 7a.m. | 7 p.m. DOPE sic ties BZN Wh chooses Gib sayeeecara, | ea Paci a yal Sepa ee 20 24 21 20 21 12 16 9 9 13 15 32 30 19 17 17 8 9 8 16 20 17 14 25 30 34 34 22 24 26 28 16 12 10 5 17 14 14 13 3 1 16 DO tarot eens 2 5 10 7 0 12 12 | 18 515 453 16.6 18.1 Michigan. Barometer reduced to Registering freezing point. thermometers. a 3 r= - 2 : | 5 7a.m. | 7p. m. i 5 3 i ‘3 a 3 = a = = iS) 28.77 | 28.73 49 32 | Cloudy..... 28.78 | 28.90 43 13° | Cloudy. 2... 29.04 | 29.03 17 5 | P’ly cloudy. 29.06 | 29.00 25 4 | Cloudy.. 28.99 | 28.99 23 18 | Cloudy..... 28.92 | 28:72 24 19 | Cloudy..... 28.58 | 28.63 25 18 | Cloudy..... 28.93 | 29.20 23 12 | P’ly cloudy. 29.14 | 29.16 28 3 | P’ly cloudy. 29.43 | 29.49 18 4 | Ply cloudy. 29.37 | 28.75 32 10 | Cloudy..... 28.82 | 29.20 35 19 | P’ly cloudy. 29.33 | 29.34 25 14 | Cloudy..... 29.37 | 29.37 15 7 | Cloudy... .. 29.15 | 29.11 16 2 Cloud yies set: 29.11 | 29.06 21 15 | Cloudy..... 29.10 | 28.96 28 13 | P’ly cloudy. 29.03 | 28.78 35 22 | Cloudy..... 28.72 | 28.83 34 22 | P’ly cloudy. 28.92 | 28.91 38 20 | P’ly cloudy. 28.90 | 29.07 28 14 | P’ly cloudy. 29.22 29.25 19 8 CBD a eijs:2:ci0 29.22 | 28.98 21 2 | Cloudy..... 28.75 | 28.81 20 13 | Cloudy..... 29.22 | 29.51 12 3 | Ply cloudy. | 29.53 | 29.24 20 -1 | Clear....... PASTAS al (OY! | 7a Is ea 15 | P’ly cloudy. 29.14 | 29.20 22 On le Clears chee 29.25 | 29.29 19 1 | Cloudy..... 29.36 | 29.33 19 -1 | Ply cloudy. | 29.16 | 29.00 26 10 | P’ly cloudy. 902.30 | 901.06 760 DoOb leeageaeeee 29.11 29.07 20.0 LOO [i Medals arate Prevailing wind; direction. e Precipitation. Day of ae month. sa a. wae | 2S 222| 22 coa o.n a A a Fa eeaalle wean 1 S15) AS 2 | Seca Yaseen 3 00) |\4520 4 4 gales 5 Bin avec 6 Acta ee Pt 7 MONO) 8 einaGHars Hae Get 9 Bt tod atid 10 A vay creel Rosette il OE a icy 12 bs Aa eae A Serine 13 Herons loco tt 14 Renata iderrien 15 Bea etecavel erases 16 Pearl c 17 a satel keen 18 Sk Soro Resour 19 dae wbpion||orocde 20 .20 | 2.0 21 nals Dane alareenne 22 pil yp La 23 en ac) oenion 24 ae eta sree hee neatees 25 L sfehovenerns lec eeete 26 bs Busiace crnil eta 27 Bachocal tnados 28 rane eis alee ee 29 Real chats 30 nin efoletacl een alee 31 AN OT eI Oe heeerrciaers 120 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Meteorological observations for the month of February, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Thermometer in open air. 7a.m. | 7 p.m 13 4 -2 1 -1 -2 -2 8 il 10 12 7 3 3 4 24 23 20 15 12 5 5 24 11 -8 -10 -6 -4 -9 -2 2 14 24 10 12 15 21 23 31 32 30 32 32 30 27 30 29 31 32 26 17 21 12 32 29 31 380 414 13.6 14.8 Michigan. Barometer reduced to Registering freezing point. thermometers. E E 7a.m.| 7p.m 5 2 a ‘6 = = 29.16 | 29.18 14 12 29.24 | 29.27 9 -5 29.39 | 29.40 8 -4 29.43 | 29.40 16 -10 29.27} 29.11 15 1 28.98 | 29.22 17 6 29.44 | 29.42 19 0 29.17 | 28.52 24 0 28.70 | 28.77 29 20 28.99 | 29.19 15 14 29.30 | 28.92 24 1 28.75 | 28.69 26 11 28.82 | 28.86 11 -13 28.76 | 29.05 10 -15 29.21 | 29.30 8 -16 29.13 | 28.84 14 -6 28.77 | 29.06 25 12 29.29 | 29.38 23 7 29.42 | 29.35 34 10 29.18 | 29.17 36 20 29.16 | 29.07 34 28 28.99 | 29.07 33 28 29.20 | 29.21 31 25 29.17 | 29.05 32 28 28.75 | 28.79 38 26 28.98 | 29.13 29 15 29.00 | 28.74 32 8 28.95 | 28.88 37 27 814.60 | 814.04 643 232 29.09 | 29.07 23.0 22.9 Character of day. Clear....... Clear... Cloudy. Clear... Clear... Clear... P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Clear......2. Cloudy..... Cloudy..... Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. C P’ly cloudy. P'ly cloudy. Prevailing wind; direction. 44opg Precipitation. Day of month. Snow fall, inches. seme eeeelosesce ee ey — SCOMOND CR Whe eee ee 1.25 | 12.5 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 121 Meteorological observations jor the month of March, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Michigan. Barometer Thermometer reduced to Registering in open air. freezing point. thermometers. d S Day of — 3 month. FE 5 7a.m.|7p.m.|7a.m.|7p.m iF 5 S 5 3 = = i) Wc. SN efalelc a 32 26 21} 28.99 | 29.13 32 21 | P’ly cloudy. ee er ees 15 30 | 29.11 | 29.00 35 11 | P’ly cloudy. ieee ote ce 30 35 | 28.96 | 28.63 36 28 | Cloudy..... Ay aS 23 33 | 29.02 | 29.02 33 21 | P’ly cloudy. aad eaneies 22 26} 29.05} 29.17 35 17 | Ply cloudy. ee oR eee 20 24] 29.34 | 29.24 30 13 | Clear....... eases iste 26 27 29.10 | 29.02 35 22 | Cloudy..... Sere. Cee 27 28 | 29.06] 28.91 37 25 | P’ly cloudy. ES ee ee ce 31 31 | 28.79 | 28.80 43 24 | P’ly cloudy. i EAs 12 17 | 28.92; 29.10 29 9 | Ply cloudy. Wibpsatetcrshe-s hacer 13 16} 29.25.) 29.27 28 8 | Ply cloudy. 1D ae ee 23 18 | 29.35] 29.39 | 30 As) Clear. sear. 1|3 Soa eeSpeMeney a 13 23} 29.40 | 29.30 25 11 | P’ly cloudy. iY le beak eee 21 16 | 29.34} 29.38 30 19 | P’ly cloudy. 1 5s Eee nee 20 33 | 29.438 | 29.34 _ 36 12 | P’ly cloudy. [Beate es citaet 34 39 | 29.23 | 29.23 51 29 | Cloudy..... iincaa ee ae oe 37 54.; 29.10 | 28.70 63 30 | P’ly cloudy DBE Erect lerelde crak 49 46 | 28.73 | 28.73 59 35 | Cloudy..... 11) RaRAG a 29 22 | 28.78 | 28.93 29 22 | Cloudy..... 0, pe acreanegs Maem 26 26; 29.03} 28.99 _ 34 21 | Cloudy..... fF DA ec cians cistern 24 29 | 28.91 | 28.95 , 32 22 | Cloudy..... 20) sie a 33 39 | 29.06} 29.02 48 26 | Cloudy..... etre ate ae 42 48 | 28.98 | 28.70 | 60 34 | Cloudy..... 2 Sp ie = am Se 42 44 | 28.82] 28.90 52 40 | P’ly cloudy AT ee Soe 44 49 | 28.86 28.80 67 30-( (Clear... <<, PCR sac ara cioverd 46 45 | 28.79 | 28.74 51 34 | Cloudy..... Dis Sirsa» Ale tee 48 60 | 28.85 | 28.81 ' 60 38 | Cloudy..... 22: ie ae eee 56 69 | 28.76 | 28.76 } 77 46 | P’ly cloudy. ii at ie Se ae 63 44 | 28.81 | 28.71 78 58 | P’ly cloudy. Deer Aon ones 41 51 | 29.00} 29.12 60 40 | P’ly cloudy. loses Boas 49 46 | 29.23 | 29.26 56 41 | Clear....... SUT ae SE 985 1089 | 900.05 | 899.05 1371 803 Average....... 31.8 35.1 | 29.03} 29.00 44.2 25.9 16 ee eee ee ee ee Prevailing wind; direction. Precipitation. snow. ~or melted Inches, rain Pee ee Pee ee ee eee eer erleeeee=| Pee ee eee eee ee et see eee ee Pee ee ee ea sane Day of month, = COON CPWhNre 122 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Meteorological observations for the month of April 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Thermometer in open air. Day of month. 7a. m. | 7 p.m. Rey ee ae doit 41 41 DRS Se Le 37 43 Soren Au kang 43 60 CUBS ede are 49 37 Dactecinciek ah 35 34 Gsteeninse eis 31 35 Monmeniceshates 29 30 (iS ae 31 40 Qe ee cette. 45 60 1 (BS Sears 42 42 1 Spee aeons 35 42 1 Re aeiet 38 43 Sh deudutadadss 39 45 1 ORAS ee eee 34 36 1 Ree sae aaade 33 31 Nisei tee cence 32 32 ity ara ae 35 35 1: aes cae 30 36 TOM es ees 43 55 Oh AA ener tes 50 51 OF eae ae 36 40 DE eeeicu seneh 35 47 DB a eae 45 45 Beha facasise cece: 46 56 PAE I A ae 48 56 1 SS Seer: 50 53 D4 (ASE ae 55 60 DE EE 63 70 ON rciseel 50 53 OU ee eke 45 40 DUM stress sek: 1225 1348 Average....... 40.8 44.9 Michigan. ‘ Barometer reduced to Registering freezing point. thermometers. 5 5 7a.m. | 7 p.m. i s gs = eS 29.39 | 29.23 42 34 29.31 | 29.14 43 30 28.82 | 28.68 66 38 28.51 | 28.67 60 37 DOS 1 MOS nec dame. 30 28.71 | 28.72 44 30 28.75 | 28.79 39 27 28.88 | 28.80 63 23 28.78 | 28.65 70 31 28.63 | 28.67 62 42 28.73 | 28.77 44 32 28.81 | 28.77 57 29 28.71 | 28.77 51 35 28.80 | 28.85 47 31 28.92 | 28.90 37 28 28.81 | 28.90 38 25 28.91 | 28.95 42 22 29.10 | 29.10 45 25 29.01 | 28.84 61 30 28.75 | 28.68 57 47 28.68 | 28.94]. 56 34 29.24 | 29.26 55 33 29.43 | 29.31 61 34 29.15 | 29.15 66 34 29.11 | 28.91 65 36 28.71 | 28.61 57 46 28.65 | 28.73 69 50 28.69 | 28.46 76 53 28.57 | 28.61 63 47 28.97 | 29.10 52 40 866.31 | 865.70 1588 1033 28.88 | 28.86 52.9 34.4 Character of day. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P'ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... P'ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cleanse... 255 Ply cloudy. Cloudy..... Clear....... P'ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P'ly cloudy. P'ly cloudy. Prevailing wind; direction. Precipitation. false a+ > aes 3 a3 mile S68 °.8 Ss a Sa 40 o7 Res ale quate is Tae | 526! I eee a era abs ay Sieiaereers t aeietetacain t Stismereece t SOSADOAE t PSH ee eB | ne 79 | 2.22 _ COMCOND CP whr METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 123 Meteorological observations for the month of May, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Thermometer in open air. Day of —— month, 7a,.m.| 7p. m. Pesas aeies oe 30 47 Be caceea is 47 71 Stele eedes > 65 75 BOGS casaie ae 66 67 oasis De niet as'c 62 61 OSasicote clones 52 55 1 a Spee 46 57 Gicketeaaweas 55 46 Qe yaa ees 38 50 Ora secteo. 42 48 1h PARRA ae 53 62 Pei aeiwee. 59 59 1 ARN ean Ree 62 65 Ver uacinde oswe 70 66 ieee scan 52 62 IG ee caroetcsiao 59 58 1 esGde aoe 53 52 1 Re ie ae 46 55 HOS sercasince 51 63 BOS iis thot 50 60 DAE aecaaats vise nod 66 be 50 59 aisereaawac 50 64 be ne ee 56 67 OT ae Mere oe 60 58 GF ias shee an cars 46 59 Dares iia ctonk 55 67 eee ds clckluccte 54 63 POF ce cisieeni 55 56 Wi scrcliivraelate ass 53 61 Fee Seen 58 60 Sum.. 1652 1859 Average....... 53.3 60.0 Michigan. Barometer reduced to Registering freezing point. thermometers. Tawa 7 Pa age a. m. p.m a zg 3 EI = = 29.22 | 29.04 47 38 28.90 | 28.74 72 42 28.71 | 28.70 82 61 28.84 | 28.83 82 49 28.91 | 28.98 71 59 28.96 | 28.78 64 48 29.05 | 29.00 62 42 29.01 | 29.01 62 48 29.09 | 29.07 52 32 28.99 | 28.99 49 41 29.03 | 28.77 62 50 28.86 | 28.96 62 54 28.97 | 28.78 71 46 28.64 | 28.57 80 57 28.65 | 28.74 68 50 28.66 | 28.63 68 50 28.56 | 28.61 64 46 28.72 | 28.81 58 44 28.94 | 28.89 66 45 29.04 | 29.05 64 44 29.07 | 28.99 71 39 29.04 | 29.06 66 50 29.14} 29.09 68 46 29.07 | 28.84 72 43 29.09 | 28.74 78 56 28.99 | 29.04 62 41 29.09 | 29.02 71 39 29.00 | 29.02 75 52 28.81 | 28.85 60 54 28.96 | 29.01 65 50 29.07 | 29.04 72 44 897.08 | 895.65 2066 1460 28.94 | 28.89 66.7 47.3 Prevailing wind; direction. Character of day. Ply cloudy. e P’ly cloudy. s P’ly cloudy. | P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Ww Ply cloudy. Ww P’ly cloudy. n Cloudy..... Ww Cloudy..... Ww Cloudy..... Ww P’ly cloudy. Ww Ply cloudy. Ww P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... 8 Be cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... Clear.....-. Precipitation. ———| Day of or melted Inches, rain snow. eee ee ee ee iy month. Conn CrPwhre 10 ee ay STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Lansing, Michigan. 124 Meteorological observations Barometer Thermometer reduced to in open air. freezing point. Day of mn month. vam. |7p.m. | 7am. | 7p.m. ANS Re ciitiat cee 62 69 | 29.02} 28.86 De eased Sone 57 66 | 28.98 | 29.06 Dass cis 57 64 | 29.20 | 29.04 APRS US Phe 70 77 | 28.87 | 28.82 Daea ats Ne 66 76 | 28.79 | 28.63 64 62 | 28.68 | 28.67 53 57 | 28.79 | 28.97 55 64 | 29.05 | 29.09 58 66 | 29.05 | 28.90 63 68 | 28.83 | 28.76 65 66 | 28.79 | 28.82 56 66 | 28.83 | 28.80 66 68 | 28.85 | 28.87 67 77 | 28.87 | 28.95 77 80} 29.00 | 28.94 68 76 | 28.94 | 28.87 70 82 | 28.87 | 28.79 81 82 | 28.89 | 28.87 72 75 | 29.02 | 28.98 70 75 | 28.96 |} 28.57: 7A Aer ae 69 73 | 28.86 | 28.77 OP ae ae BOM evel’: 29.11 | 29.00 DBs BF 57 67 | 29.09 | 29.05 AIR bcbelals 68 70") )29215) |" 29.05 Darn istieletele ss 69 70 | 28.99 | 28.76 AG Serre nthe eras 61 65 | 28.49 | 28.98 Oi PERS Ae, 56 64 | 29.16 | 29.09 as Re a 66 66 | 29.17] 29.08 Oh ns Se ae 64 71 | 29.08 | 29.02 6 USN Bea 67 76 | 29.00 | 28.85 SUI ae ays elatetece 1933 20388 | 868.38 | 866.91 Average....... 64.4 70.3 | 28.95 | 28.90 Registering thermometers. 5 5 A I E E = = 76 43 69 54 72 46 82 58 86 61 68 57 64 53 78 47 68 50 69 61 72 62 71 54 77 53 84 53 87 61 82 66 88 65 89 67 80 68 78 58 82 62 71 56 72 50 76 50 86 59 69 58 70 44 75 50 78 50 83 55 2302 1671 76.7 55.7 jor the month of June, 1905, at Agricultural College, =| 2 3 j=| as] pa - S z os Ee 3 Pa a 5 ie) a Clear Ww Cleareaeeres ne P’ly cloudy e P'ly cloudy Ww Cloudy..... e P’ly cloudy.| se Ply cloudy.| ne Clear....:.. e Cloudy..... e Cloudy..... s Cloudy..... nw Cloudy..... e Clear. w Clears se Clearsetecre e Ply cloudy e Cloudy..... s Clear: t4s3. Ww P'ly cloudy. Ww P'ly cloudy. n P’ly cloudy.| ne Ply cloudy.| ne Ply cloudy.| ne Clearee sca n Clear: ..s.:..+ Ww P’ly cloudy n Clearer n Cleareeee ae ne Clear e n P’ly cloudy SW Precipitation. or melted Inches, rain snow. senna se eeee eee eee st eeee stew steer st eeee se eeee seen se eeee % Ss SOWIS =: orwwoH METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 125 Meteorological observations for the month of July, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Michigan. Barometer || Thermometer | __ reduced to Registering in open air. freezing point. thermometers. SS Day of == == S month. = g 8 3 7a.m.|7p.m.| 7a.m.|7p.m. z 5 S s 5 a =| = iS) 64 71 | 28.77) 28.73 83 61 | Cloudy..... 65 74 | 28.88] 28.99 80 62 | P’ly cloudy 68 75 | 28.81 | 28.68 80 65 | Cloudy..... 74 72) 28.65 | 28.63 81 69 | Cloudy..... 72 76 | 28.73 | 28.83 84 65 | Clear.....-. 69 69 | 28.98 | 28.85 82 62 | Clear....... 67 77 | 28.80 | 28.76 76 63 | Cloudy..... 66 69 | 28.83 | 28.86 75 61 | Cloudy..... 64 66 | 28.97 | 28.98 70 58 | P’ly cloudy . 56 68 | 29.11 | 28.96 12 55 | P’ly cloudy. 711 ee Bal Anas 66 76 | 28.84} 28.89 83 62 | P’ly cloudy. 70 72 | 28.93) 28.88 85 63 | Cloudy..... 70 75 | 28.87 | 28.98 80 GL) | Clear* 2... 76 73 | 29.05! 29.09 84 64 | Clear....... 66 73 | 29.25 | 29.14 84 Dole Olearese sees BG iw locst ose 69 83 | 28.96 | 28.85 91 62 | Clear....... JU eee a eerie 81 83 | 28.97] 28.96 92 62 | Clear....... Rein telsices 81 86 | 28.96 | 28.93 91 Tle "Cleareee cess if) aaa 73 75 | 28.92 | 28.80 86 20) Clearsvee.ee 7. eee ae 72 68 | 28.99 | 28.97 80 62 | Clear PSD Secor 67 70 | 29.03] 28.99 76 55 | Clear 12) REE MAS Sos 70 74 | 28.72 | 28.81 80 52 | Clear:..:.).. OB} anes Sees 65 67 | 28.89 | 28.84 75 56 | P’ly cloudy. Dee ay iattetnalats 60 64 | 28.93 | 29.03 67 52 | P’ly cloudy. TAR Ra EAE Se 60 71 | 29.22') 29.07 74 48 | P’ly cloudy. ie rae aca a 68 72 | 29.13) 28.95 77 49 | Ply cloudy. Pe ORS soe 65 76 | 29.07 | 28.98 83 49 | P’ly cloudy. D1 a seco 64 72 | 28.95 | 28.83 78 61 | Cloudy..... 2) ERS SEN Be 69 41 | =28575 | 28,75 76 63 | P’ly cloudy. WN cattekis este 68 73 | 28.84 | 28.98 76 59 | P’ly cloudy. Saha eas Ree et 66 67 | 28.94 | 28.98 76 59 | Clear....... Rtn Aaah daenee 2111 2263 | 896.74 | 895.97 2477 1856 Average....... 68.1 73.0 | 28.93 | 28.90 79.9 59.9 { =| 3 3 Precipitation. 5 s A E q # | 8s TS ofS 5s ieee a A on Ww 47 TRE [le lerevn\e olaiai lis e .22 8 Oo BIW) \hicttosmccile pemtet w SATE Eyre se ila be Sa Sars nw LOZ He feyele Pats aan MSG iceiaeh | See ne od Ohe|Rietetatere e BET GASS sw a HN aS SOW) [etathees coal beaters TW. . lhidoirevsierae rete TH, bytes csee einer TWh. '\llbraracovqsrte:[Reeteteters BiWe) .\'|Laeceoaletetees Mi Wy “i Icredese sce eee Ww Sloe eee MEG) Uiviarcrelsis eteiliptetarciave Gg. ||bratchelod sis [Pateronrs CWE (Secicrees| laciecie BW. [hitch serene We filltaeis-cieteie eine Wo eeeceeeelereees ¥ Wes! ||rsvaters eve eekeetees TUG tesetecs oi ncil Meee se Pe A Sea e ty PP iene UWF [ivinjors eerste lipteieterete! TE [plore cicjaters|l\ptoletstete Del Day of month, hon CHOOND SOhwhde ee ee 126 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Meteorological observations jor the month of August, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Thermometer in open air. Day of month, 7a.m. | 7 p.m. Us oR eT Bade 64 66 Pe ai Poe 64 69 Dah velveaeca at 61 74 BS a atele. sree) aber 64 72 altace aera 72 78 Gsascee tes: 68 72 se oh white Bove 69 74 pata ueteie 71 75 ei aie tele ele WA 79 TY Rah eee 72 74 HW Seciae.s wtaveve ove 73 80 DAS SAR ea acess 76 78 Pore cheese 65 68 AE etch sreiss 63 62 Leer o ee ewes 60 61 60 63 62 68 65 76 70 69 70 val 70 77 val 475 70 80 69 63 - 60 65 76 64 74 63 65 70 60 76 71 71 60 62 Stimseeats. es 2 2086 2195 Average....... 67.3 70.8 Barometer reduced to freezing point. 7a. m. 7 p. m. 898.50 | 897.72 28.99 28.96 Michigan. Registering thermometers. 2474 1839 79.8 59.3 Character of day. Maximum. Minimum. Q =| 2 3 Precipitation. 5 se} Day of 2 S month, # | 83 |4 eos Pen 0 p lege bee aa} A ona a ME Jovseeoee | pect 1 Si os Dlvetegere ie weil ors aleye 2 SW pall Nolet siccefave| mieswcacase a s TOD ie revoees 4 SW SLD Siocieiet 5 Siva alse ocaade eee: 6 fumed Wecbddind dnodce vf Bi). Ail Refriatilesiweee 8 s 105) '| Fasrotes 9 ea econanallgcanar. 10 il 12 13 14 15 ne 16 e 17 e 18 sw 19 Ww 20 sw trace |...... 21 n BOS aareraierats 22 S3/@ i -bi| Nottreretevell etarersiacs 23 ne Ae dasa 24 MLS Wel ettnsrteril teasers 25 Me FH eictetehyMetcilnieratsiete 26 Ba) 'Neeshich ec fobiosnr 27 Wd Wis aeis/a infeed] ewrecaiere 28 MUSW. bel syaferelote stoi eiwieie ee 29 PW? ti syotatelers cei sreiselats 30 iim oto gene agen 31 rere ree eee ee ee is METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 127 Meteorological observations for the month of September, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lan- Day of month. sing, Michigan. Barometer Thermometer reduced to Registering in open air. freezing point. thermometers. =I A 7a.m.|7p.m.| 7a.m. | 7p. m. I 3 a) 8 a aS I = 61 62 | 29.32 | 29.32 75 54 63 64 | 28.83} 28.89 77 69 60 HG pees USon | peesnad 66 52 55 58 | 28.92 | 29.08 68 53 57 61 | 29.10 | 29.05 70 55 54 64 | 29.11] 29.11 73 50 51 67 | 29.13} 29.10 75 49 58 69 | 29.19 | 29.14 80 53 59 68 | 29.20] 29.12 80 55 62 67 | 29.08 | 28.95 74 60 60 69 | 28.88 | 28.91 80 | 59 59 65 | 28.96 | 28.97 81 56 53 52 | 29.16 | ,29.26 65 51 46 5b ‘| 29.237"); 429).07 67 40 58 66 | 28.92 | 28.94 74 52 60 69 | 28.98 | 28.85 72 52 65 67 | 28.80 | 28.85 74 63 62 75 | 28.91 | 28.86 80 60 70 71 | 28.81 | 28.87 83 59 57 72 | 28.98 | 28.89 70 56 61 69 | 28.85 | 28.89 76 51 55 65 | 28.91 | 28.90 80 52 51 58} 29.18} 29.11 68 49 50 54} 29.09 | 29.01 75 42 45 52} 29.15] 29.16 62 41 47 56 | 29.20 | 29.02 62 39 58 68 | 29.00 | 29.07 81 54 63 72 | 29.03} 29.12 88 59 62 76 | 29.05 | 29.01 89 57 64 72 |} 29.04] 28.08 83 61 1726 1939 | 870.84 | 869.37 2248 1603 Gets) 64.6 | 29.03} 28.98 74.9 53.4 Character of day. P’ly cloudy. d P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P'ly cloudy. Clears acs. Clear.. Cloudy.. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cleartve on. Clearte. acts « i irr) Prevailing wind; direction. m a5 opgg 44 eee ewes Precipitaton. or melted Inches, rain snow. Snow fall, inches ee steerer lew wae wees eee leeeane seeeee see eee See ee ee eee Cee eee steer eaelaweene ee eee eee COND Grohe ee rs 128 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Meteorological observations for the month of October, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lansing, Day of month. Thermometer in open air. 7a.m.| 7p.m 66 67 54 62 53 62 53 63 57 59 44 54 49 64 63 62 59 70 62 48 42 37 39 40 39 62 54 63 62 50 46 48 48 60 62 55 49 58 40 37 33 40 35 39 37 42 35 39 27 32 29 47 45 43 33 30 32 28 27 By 36 37 1410 1535 45.5 49.5 Barometer reduced to freezing point. 7a.m. | 7p.m. 28.97 | 28.87 29.02 | 29.07 29.09 | 28.94 28.91 | 28.84 29.01 | 29.08 29.26 | 29.21 29.48 | 29.06 29.08 | 29.05 29.09 | 29.01 28.83 | 28.85 28.79 | 28.46 28.84 | 28.99 28.85 | 28.84 29.04 | 28.89 28.79 | 28.90 29.11 | 29.20 29.13 | 28.91 28.75 | 28.78 28.98 | 28.76 28.62 | 29.05 29.17 | 29.08 29.08 | 29.06 28.98 | 28.94 28.90 | 29.62 29.20 | 29.13 29.08 | 28.96 28.94 | 29.15 29.34 | 29.49 29.47 | 29.40 29.36 | 29.21 29.08 | 28.82 900.24 | 899.62 29.04 | 29.02 Michigan. Registering thermometers. 8 : EB. dou 3 ‘6 I = 70 | 64 71 53 74 48 79 52 70 54 69 40 73 45 82 53° 83 53 65 52 47 36 52 36 75 36 69 53 66 50 58 46 63 45 64 55 59 49 45 37 47 36 48 30 52 37 42 35 46 26 52 28 49 43 42 30 44 20 45 24 44 34 1845 1300 59.5 41.9 Character of day. Clear2h Ss? Clearsv. <5. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. ae cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Cloudy..... P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. P’ly cloudy. Clear....... =| 2 zg Precipitation. = ; = —: mon 2 | ae a Rate |) Give ‘a | gee ee 5 s5& og a a a s AT «| ate Sere 1 w ROL Season 2 SSW 7] etahere’ a cetoil [Sen Seer 3 Wil! ete chee ciiares dees 4 me N. ec eal Mee hes 5 ne 6 s 7 Ww 8 se 9 Ww 10 Ww ll w 12 sw 13 sw 14 sw 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 bu anne Ly a lead aA nbise METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 129 Meteorological observations for the month of November, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lan- sing, Michigan. a Barometer 3 Thermometer reduced to Registering o Precipitation. in open air. freezing point. thermometers. ES | Day of <== SSS — 2 = Day of month. om a month, F ° £3 : : = 2 2 g g = | aS lag a-m p. m. a.m. p.m é 5 g 3 gee ns S a gs 5 s54|]ea8 = = S a 4 a Uae ee 27 27 | 28.83 | 29.18 32 2 Ely cloudy.) mews | noeeecon trace 1 De. 23 By |) eas | estar ee! 40 20 | Ply cloudy. iene arse ekcrallt ae tree 2 Beene em NST, 36 | 28.64 | 28.93 41 Sone Cloudyee-s- Ww -05 .50 3 t Boden Reece 31 42 | 29.18 | 29.14 50 29'| Clear....... pA eal eles Ga Si acer 4 a eee eee 37 43 | 28.88 | 28.59 44 33 | Cloudy..... Ge HE eel eee 5 Gia ee ee 37 39 | 28.79 | 28.76 44 37 | Cloudy..... w fs eran 6 Soa ete 34 34 | 28.74 28.70 35 34 | Cloudy..... w OL Poe 7 Ree aeae mee 32 32 | 28.82 | 28.94 35 32 | Cloudy..... w 1035 Sarees 8 IEE AR 29 31 29.04 | 29.19 36 28 | Clear... We ailisiaphereverers trace 9 1 DeRosa eee 27 oF |) 29285) 29119 43 23 | P’ly cloudy SB Wo le Secale. 10 TE aoe 34 49 | 29.14 | 28.99 51 27 | Clear:.-..-- Item Rube Geran latanan 11 Tee ener 42 40 | 28.82 | 28.76 50 38) Clear’: a... EW IE ate noaell baste 12 IS ace eickk 35 33 |) 28.72) “28°95 44 32 | P’ly cloudy -) Hyoee ooh clea: 13 j\ ene 15 27 | 29.08 | 28.87 33 12 | Clear....... eee ae caeteaitson ccs 14 hee Se ena 35 37 | 28.44 | 28.40 43 27 | Cloudy..... BW | pacteherst cra | eee 15 34 34 | 28.57 | 28.82 36 33 | Cloudy..... DW _ lhidee sealers 16 35 41 | 28.80] 28.81 55 32 | P’ly cloudy 17 24 38 | 28.96 | 28.99 47 24 | Clear 18 36 33 | 29.09 | 29.16 45 23 | Clear 19 28 27 | 29.30 | 29.48 38 25 | Clear 20 DA ese ce cere 19 34 | 29.62 | 29.52 42 AS Clearte. 1. 6o IBGE Ge eee 21 De mse Py to: 25 38 | 29.39 | 29.22 47 Zo Clearseacteisi. Tan ees rerecrrre hy ets 4 22 WBicscrcche ne 35 45 | 29.22 | 29.01 57 34 | Clear....... BOWE [Sa ace eee 23 Oe eee ee 47 39 | 28.58 | 28.60 51 39 | Cloudy..... Ww SLO! eae 24 Dade 32 39 | 28.89 | 28.78 41 32 | P'ly cloudy. 8 HEACO! Ince 25 Ns eet. 36 2 | 28.79 | 29.03 41 32) per ly cloudy |) Bw a adele see | semene 26 id See eee 26 35 | 29.26 | 29.23 38 25 | Cloudy:.... eo. ae ceslioeeeee Pf POP ear one 40 59 | 28.63 | 28.50 71 34 | P’ly cloudy. 8 Ai been 28 74 ieee Meee 36 21 | 28.60 | 28.99 36 21 | Cloudy..... w |. PesedliGeaeee 29 5 See eric ree 14 14} 29.51 | 28.63 20 14 | Clear....... a Geo ish one 30 SUM es taerestes 942 1073 | 868.79 | 868.10 1286 LE Ee An apetete: 4\ ame ace 2.25 Ri tal ea ere Average....... 31.4 35.8 | 28.96 | 28.94 42.9 ZB sAeil a eietetamvenetaNeoverracise Lge 130 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. _ Meteorological observations for the month of December, 1905, at Agricultural College, Lan- sing, Michigan. Day of month. Thermometer in open air. 7a.m. | 7 p.m. 21 28 31 30 19 20 18 25 20 30 26 32 30 38 30 38 31 35 28 30 36 35 27 36 27 25 14 23 12 22 21 26 31 33 34 35 33 33 32 38 33 35 34 32 28 31 15 21 24 23 27 39 23 38 32 39 38 31 24 27 27 26 826 944 26.6 30.5 Barometer reduced to freezing point. 7a. m. 7p. m. 29.57 | 29.19 29.15 | 29.08 29.14 | 29.08 29.22 29.37 29.44 29.39 29.34 29.27 29.22 29.17 29.21 29.21 29.07 29.02 28.81 28.73 28.62 | 28.67 28.66 28.81 28.06 29.19 29.36 | 29.39 29.35 | 29.38 29.27 29.28 29.09 29.41 28.85 29.19 29.58 29.29 29.13 | 28.82 28.20 | 28.41 28.77 | 28.88 28 .84 28.86 29.41 29.07 28.84 | 29.02 | 28.79 28.73 28.80 | 28.84 29.10 | 28.48 28.15 | 28.35 28.75 | 29.01 28.90 | 29.08 898.69 | 899.67 28.99 | 29.02 Registering thermometers. A d 2 ~~ Bt a sd aS ce =e = 32 12 35 28 20 19 30 16 30 18 42 26 46 28 52 30 45 30 45 21 40 30 44 27 31 25 29 14 32 12 36 15 33 17 35 32 37 32 39 32 39 31 39 30 31 19 28 12 29 18 41 18 43 23 40 31 41 31 31 23 28 23 1128 723 36.4 23.0 =| AS Fa | ao] cS on 3 iE 35) = 5 a S a 3 8 iS) Ay Cloudy..... 3 Cloudy..... sw Cloudy..... Ww P’ly cloudy. Ww Cloudy..... s Clear sw Clear viaces sw Clear... 8 Cloudy..... sw Clear....-.. sw Cloudy..... Ww Cloudy..... Ww Cloudy..... Ww Ply cloudy. n Cléeart-eee.| sme Clears iis. s Cloudy..... sw Cloudy..... 8 Cloudy..... 8 Cloudy..... se Cloudy..... Ww Cloudy..... sw Cloudy..... w Clearance « Ww P’ly cloudy.| sw Clear s @lears7. (2-7 s P’ly cloudy.| sw Cloudy..... w P’ly cloudy. Ww Cloudy..... Ww Precipitation. or melted Inches, rain snow. Day of month, — oenmnsam OrPWNeE seen ES Fee AS eS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ELPERDEV STATION ISSUED DURING TH YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,.5906, joe's ok ee eee ye } cy z ris : an! or Ye a) % ¥ f Bi. } ne api if Z ha j » ‘ EP ePE hI vent SPATION BULEE TEINS: FERTILIZER ANALYSES. ANDREW J. PATTEN, CHEMIST. Bulletin No. 232. The inspection and analyses of the commercial fertilizers offered for sale in Michigan are made under authority of an act of the Legislature approved March 10, 1885. The full text of the law is again printed since many inquiries are continually received concerning it. Secrion 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact, That any person or persons who shall sell or offer for sale in this State any com- mercial fertilizer, the retail price of which exceeds ten dollars per ton, shall affix on the outside of every package containing such fertilizer a plainly printed certificate, stating the number of net pounds therein; the name or trademark under which such article is sold; the hame of the manufacturer; the place of manufacture, and a chem- ical analysis, stating the percentage of nitrogen in an available form; of potash soluble in water and of phosphoric acid in available form (soluble or reverted) and the insoluble phosphoric acid. Sec. 2. Before any commercial fertilizer is sold or offered for sale, the manufacturer, importer or party who causes it to be sold or offered for sale within this State, shall file with the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture a certified copy of the analysis and certificate referred to in section one, and shall also deposit with said secretary a sealed glass jar containing not less than two pounds of such fertilizer, with an affidavit that it is a fair sample of the article thus to be sold or offered for sale. = Sec. 3. The manufacturer, importer, or agent of any commercial fer- tilizer, the retail price of which exceeds ten dollars per ton as aforesaid, shall pay annually to the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, on or before the first day of May, a license fee of twenty dollars for each and every brand of fertilizer he offers for sale in this State: Pro- vided, That whenever the manufacturer or importer shall have paid this license fee his agents shall not be required to do so. Sec. 4. All such analyses of commercial fertilizers required by this act shall be made under the direction of the State Board of Agriculture and paid for out of the funds arising from the license fees: provided for in section three. At least one analysis of each fertilizer shall be made annually. 134 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Sec. 5. The secretary of the State Board of Agriculture shall pub- lish in his annual report a correct statement of all analyses made and certificates filed in his office, together with a statement of all moneys received for license fees, and expended for analysis. Any surplus from license fees remaining on hand at the close of the fiscal year shall be placed to the credit of the experimental fund of said board. Sec. 6. Any person or persons who shall sell or offer for sale any commercial fertilizer in this State without first complying with the provisions of sections one, two, and three of this act, or who shall at- tach or cause to be attached to any such package of fertilizer an analysis stating that it contains a larger percentage of any one or more of the constituents or ingredients named in section one of this act than it really does contain shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than one hundred dollars for the first offense, and not less than three hundred dollars for every subsequent offense, and the offender shall also be liable for damages sustained by the purchaser of such fertilizer on account of such misrepresentation. Sec. 7. The State Board of Agriculture by any duly authorized agent is hereby authorized to select from any package of commercial fertilizer exposed for sale in this State, a quantity, not exceeding two pounds, for a sample, such sample to be used for the purposes of an official analysis and for comparison with the certificate filed with the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture and with the certificate affixed to the package on sale. Sec. 8. All suits for the recovery of fines under the provisions -of this act shall be brought under the direction of the State Board of Agriculture. Twenty manufacturing firms have registered for sale in this State, during 1905, 120 different brands of fertilizers. Of these various brands, 82 are complete fertilizers; of the others, 12 contain, phosphoric acid and potash, without nitrogen; 11 contain phos- phoric acid and nitrogen without potash; 12 contain phosphoric acid only; 2 contain potash salts only and 1 contains nitrogen only. The Station has attempted, through its collecting agent, Mr. E. A. Boyer, to obtain samples of all these brands upon the open market, but in many cases it was not possible to find them. Unless otherwise in- dicated the analyses herein reported were made on the collected samples. The analyses on the whole are very satisfactory for in but a few cases do the percentages found fall far below those guaranteed, and it is quite evident that no wilful attempt has been made to defraud. How- ever Some evidences of uneven mixing are apparent. Prospective buyers would find it much to their benefit to carefully study the accompanying tables before making large purchases. The following is a partial list of persons and places where fertilizers were found on sale this spring: Adrian—Nathan Smith & Son. Albion.—F. Steele. Bay City—Jenison Hardware Co., R. C. Bialy, F. C. Goodine, Presley & Layer, G. H. Mosher, Mohr Hardware Co. Belding—Weiter, Wise & Co. Benton Harbor—B. N. Nowlen & Co., H. E. Boehn. Birmingham—kK. R. Smith & Co. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 135 Bad Azxe—Wright, Freemont & Co., Wm. Rapson & Sons. Butternut—O. W. Wilson. Caro—Caro Sugar Co. Carsonville—C. J. Walker, Hartshorn & Anderson. Chelsea—R. A. Snyder, Lime & Produce Co. Charlotte—Webster, Cobb Co., Garber & Gibbe. Clio—J. Wellman & Son, G. W. Hubbard & Co. Denton—J. B. Schlicht. Farmington—C. B. Pettibone. Flint—Dane & Vermilya, Burroughs & Son. French Landing—Detroit Sanitary Works. Grand Haven—James Locke, J. A. Franks. Grand Rapids—Jones Seed Co., Brown Seed Co., Hess & Thompson. Holland—Keplar & Son, H. P. Zwemer. Holly—M. N. Hudson. Ida—Silas Crane, Mr. Snell. Tonia—Spaulding & Merritt. Jackson—J. E. Bartlett & Co., S. M. Isbell & Co., Reid Implement & Seed Co. Kalamazoo—Woodhams Coal Co. Lansing—H. P. Gladden, Owosso Sugar Co. Lapeer—Robert King, Chase & Mitchell. Marine City—Zimmerman Bros. Marlette—W. H. Wilson. Milan—W. H. Hack, W. P. Lampkin, Reeves & Son, Fred Hasley. Mt. Clemens—C. Ancot, John N. Tucker. Niles—S. E. Bolton. Owosso—J. Brooks & Son, W. E. Payne & Co. Petersburg—H. A. Logan. Pontiac—E. Holland & Sons. Plymouth—J. A. McLaren. Romeo—Bliss & Bartholomew, McKay & Co., Hosmer & Powell. Romulus—J. D. McClarien, T. W. McCloughy. Royal Oak—Jacob Erb, J. M. Lawson. Saginaw—Saginaw Beef Co., Saginaw Milling Co. St. Louis—St. Louis Hardware Co. St. Joseph—G. R. Pixley. St. Johns—L. G. McKnight & Co. Temperance—A. H. King & Co. Sanilac Center—Wm. & Dell Dawson. South Haven—Merrifield Implement Co. Vassar—F. Miller. Vicksburg—V icksburg Lumber Co. Wyandotte—Wyman Coal & Ice Co. Ypsilanti—C. E. Thompson & Co. Zeeland—Isaac Van Dyke & Co. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. I desire to acknowledge the efficient assistance of Miss Dorothea Mox- ness, Mr. J. S. Shaw and Mr. E. A. Boyer, by whom the greater part of the analytical work herein reported was done. 133 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Resulis of anlyses of commercial fertilizers a Leal On Yo > eS Manufacturer Trade Name SF *931 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Bradley’s Alkaline Bone and Potash. . 838 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Bradley’s B. D. Sea Fowl Guano...... 839 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Bradley’s Dissoived Bone with Potash. . 832 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Bradley’s Niagara Phosphate......... ‘ e ; *930 American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Bradley’s Soluble Dissolved Bone..... 901 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s Ammoniated Pone Super- PHOSPHALO. Ao cece sees} ote tee eikonal *928 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s Ammoniated Wheat and Gorm: Phosphates Ao se eee *947 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s Dissolved Bone and Potash. . 874 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s General Crop Phosphate.... 883 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s New Rival Ammoniated Su- Perphosphater. a2 scr cc wee = eee *929 American Agriclutural Chemical Co., New York..... Crocker’s Universal Grain Grower..... 933 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Fine Ground Bonesi..~ .on eee eee == 872 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... High Grade Garden and Vegetable Fer- ULLZ OT he nisl tian mney ie, aie Sead 852 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Niagara Dissolved Bone and Potash. ae 854 | American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Niagara Grain and Grass Grower...... *Manufacturers’ sample. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 137 jor 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred. Phosphoric acid Potash soluble in Nitrogen —_—— water, estimated Available Insoluble Total as K20 WTSI CO yee eee toll lar eaeteicls crs sly onecs DE raga Waa rete varent7 Aopen ses, 6 12 2 TOG) TUNG ARGS Nelaruheris ol leecimrte ta aay heirs 11.82 3.55 15.37 2.03 @laimed® Aes ct 2.06 Bs he nL Ml bsrctet oie Pegty ieales onan’ 10 1.50 ROUT GHer ese caree 2.62 9.23 1.35 10.58 1.16 a | Claimed 2 yrs fas 1 (MwA Milla WworoeN tse Screens 10 2 BOWING 6 treo te ccxcts 97 9.50 3.63 12°33 | 2.1% H \ Claimed sso. 2555: .82 Cee es Ag es ciaant hea eens 8 1 HOUTIG. 72-4 5,555 ses .80 8.06 2.60 10.66 5 eral \ | (Ole MnETE CIS Pico e oerotell lop ee Eee olan 1 ES Re rn eee ne bs PRN tear oped eG ite: ae OUN GMA eastern etree alee 14.55 2.45 17500) * Sei ee @laimed: =e 2... 2.46 9 lamceertcr Nopse se Reivesa 10 2 OUNCES ace sce. 2.43 13.37 | 2.00 13.66 2.55 Glaimpdeete eos s. 2.05 | 8 |e rae eset ome 9 1.50 Bounds i 4.5 aie 3 2.01 | 10.10 15 11.25 1.57 EIEN TEST Re aT elegy A | TO Pa eae PL Noga: 11 2 ROCIO erp tAn her IR a meee natin oy | 12.45 2.30 14.75 1.50 Claimedigs. 5 esse 582 | TM As IR Alot oa ep cec Nair 8 1 IHOMNGE Ace nea seeee .85 10.36 44 10.80 1.41 Claimed: Acacia iL 23} [2Tee Le |h lh alt Keeve ec ce Ba Gage or ea 10 2 HOMME eee eee 1.33 | EE 3.06 13.03 2.22 @laimed’ 2rpege -ie .82 Gt iswalp pods a0e oe 9 2 ROUNG ease osoe: 95 | 8.12 2.50 10.62 2.85 Claimed ee eee 2.47 Pare cere alec he ete seta | 22°8 \S.eeeee 100) 5.000 ee ee J eS We oes ev ally) AEDs eons 80:04 -jighcn esa Claimederne.: = a: 2 08 | et Oe Oh le oe en re ee INeieiE cette Sic call oc 6 FPOUNG: ieee 1.76 8.82 3.08 11.90 6.38 | ———$ —— —— — @laimed ee sch ts eller ie 10 SMe chara tc 5) tices 923 cueusteuet hehe | 2 TU TEEri os eg oi Mr 2 een 10.27 3.45 13.72 | 1.98 —— - — Mlaimedaas 44442 .82 4 Wc POMP SHRI Cs 20 | evebhe tle 8 oo 1 OWN ea4 = Aes si se .84 8.55 2.10 | 10.65 | 2.02 18 138 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. A Laboratory number *956 823 *757 - Results of analyses of commercial fertilizers Manufacturer Trade Name American Agricultural Chemical Co. New York..... Niagara Potato and Vegetable Fertilizer. American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York..... Niagara Wheat and Corn Producer.... Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago................ Acidulated Bone Meale can. a+ rene Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago................ All SOLUDIO sc jsto sts etetoys-snccskete ape eestor betenens The ee Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ Ammoniated Bone with Potash....... The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ Banner Brand....... The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ BeaniGrowerncocc ccteen eta The ee WorksesChicazo.. 4. scm eee Bone, Bloodsands Potash o. > seer The Armour eae Works) iChicaros..2. 44 oe BONE. MEAL. 5 vajoss ata acetete eeseats cto eee ORNS The Armour ete Works) (Chicdgo....2 cs. es - er and Root Crop Special.......... The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ German Wainy cee ponierc cise once aaa The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ Grain! ‘Grower icc cee oo nse Tenens The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago............ High Grade Potato Fertilizer......... The Armour ereilizer Works: (Chicago. .......%/2.0. Muriate of Potash. ...25 ac8 eee The hes Fertilizer Works, Chicago.......:.... Nitrate of Soda. a.cc crac stoteinhe oe oe *Manufacturers’ sample. jor 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred.—Con. Found Claimed Found Found Clammed ss... es HOUMNCAsetercstne oc els Found Claimed Found Claimed Found (Ci ey lestets (eee A en ae Found..... DaeNe onus Claimed Found Found Found Found Claimed Found Found Foun Nitrogen ho EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 139 Phosphoric acid Postah soluble in —— water, estimated Available Insoluble Total as K20 ea eae se artes oe ae, Sees 9 3 9.25 2.50 11.75 3.64 Oy ree) Milt poet tytn ere | ee aude craters 2 9.16 3.40 12.56 2.36 Bek RR ETC IE SCTE CRT om TROT 18 MOG SE Oc Se Si Sa ee Ae eee a 26.88 Retin er ciesticr et att ate ecto Berner 10 4 8.44 3.52 11.96 4.38 (Ge Sel Pi COR cee oS Am 8 2 6.98 150 8.53 2.58 210 ica Ne oll | oe ene AP reece 12 8 1d Oy .60 12.87 4.51 Bina Mee ee ees 10 2 Ce i Son | Sa 1.70 11.43 2.90 Bid e MS ots, Se ey aes 10 if 9.33 2.95 12.28 8.22 PS er aallee ae Re ae 24 Sts SOMA oo eee See Bene rhea ee hee ee eee 27.30 os eigen wae HE Ga es te een Soa 10 5 10.28 2.25 12.53 4.96 5 Sh OIG, ORO RI acc EE Cen EPEC Nok IR ean ectetis co 12 LOSE Go Mone gta tee Ne eee ae rte (CRN aen ice en 13.44 Siege te sera en) nee 10 2 8.55 3.25 11.80 3.13 Se As Fe Ai eee he eae 10 10 10.14 2.96 13.10 8.13 ira be Fes BA BRS a CIO RNY (Core RENAE woe | ena Maat Gioake e 48 ND Ape te oA eadetanel tm nit ake ee eee 51.34 140 Laboratory number. A | | *888 *891 The Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago The Armour Fertilizer The Armour Fertilizer The Armour Fertilizer The Armour Fertilizer Robert Binder, Battle Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Results of analyses of commercial fertilizers Manufacturer Works, Chicago Works, Chicago Works, Chicago Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Fertilizer Co., Buffalo Works, Chicago Trade Name Phosphare and) Potashi. sa: ceeeeeeene Ammoniated Bone Black Bone Meal Celery and Potato General Crop Ohio and Michigan Special *Manufacturers’ sample, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 141 jor 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred.—Con. Phosphoric acid Potash soluble in Nitrogen — ——_—— —— — water, estimated Available Insoluble Total as KO VANTAGE a cos cat aleat exorewourie. cheus areal = ue TO Mas rat Ns. creates 12 2 JETER | pea pee eae) ei nee ee eS 9.93 1.20 11.13 1.96 (CLEMO clic cere an atene ore fee 1 ae a eee eee 16) |. ke ee RELIG) Oh wes ee Tiny feor a ecall eetetcin cones te, oS 15.57 . 68 TO. 25i% 32. hecc eee Girimedion 2 2i;5ca00 ile (e}a5e yam Ee ae Cae ere Ue? | aR ey aR Beet 20!) 45 BR ee ee eee POUNCE aE ony: Pal 1d ss Se eg temael on RE ae ei ME igen ee al ath 8 oak 9E585). Ate eee C@laumedinny. ess s20./- -82 oP ed Ree Ol Ne er ReRA Piney eeek cones 10 4 ROUGE ty a astets -89 8.83 .65 9.45 4.28 Claimed scsi 82 fig MI Ole ee itr Marc 9 1 ROUnde eee es .92 11.05 2.44 13.49 2.64 @laimeds, sepa cer ay aS QeADY AY = TAG aS Semeeer paris anoreel WEP eam iagaka te Res ez Ale yatré .29 WONG ees sce et eg Rae Ree aed ced | he Pale Sea Fi 13.17 .29 Claimed ed wo. ceu- ci 1.23 Supe OSes oy weet eho: 9 2.50 BOT eer cane rs .93 8.40 1.20 9.60 1.98 ClaMMEG A. a Morac PE TANS gS Ee Cares One eral |e Sere eee eat 25 ys | aba eee TECOTVNEYS | pipes hele tae FV ic fe emt aa eee | (nae ea ae 25:60 (0.4 20) eee Claimed iiss ccc 1.64 ile hd — | Re KE vas 8 EOUING pteerts teeta 1.79 7.63 2.15 9.78 10.21 Claimeda ss a.jeioe .82 Leg a lee all be Beceem ceer no eres OUNGMe se oc a kenccee nao 3.21 1.25 10.46 5.53 lanIMmedsee oie for 3.28 SE Te ec fe, SHER ey acer ar G MOU Cece rn 2.81 b Jeg Hf 3.30 12.47 8.36 —_—— a | — Glarmedy. as .tes ote Lae See RR toe we nell eee) 10 3 titre tees te eee en etre eke 8.59 5.66 14.19 3.51 Claimedis= ook xaci: Vara) ge lens beet Goa nat | RNS Se enone 12 1 Gtndvenen ee oe. Ota LSme 2.15 15.42 2.10 (bine. wen hoes ocltiearoncrmop boc | ek CA oe ences Mere Oe Die ged eallpavavel tetany Se paerers ING eee eee oto ot ote | 18.43 si) 19 TB eo ee eee ee eee | — | a. Claimed! sg. de, 1.64 Qa Ney liswcksi ss eroy eae 10 5 ROTID en tntt cca 1.68 9.54 3.80 13.34 6.39 142 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. a Results of analyses of commercial fertilizers A Manufacturer Laboratory number 835 | Central City Fertilizer Co., Jackson............... *948 | Central City Fertilizer Co., Jackson............... 862m aChicago) Hertilizer \Co., ‘Chicago... 22...+5. ... +6 ————— Sismiachicacomhertilizer! Co... Chicago at sce oe sins a cee SrOmenicago. Hertilizer (Co:, Chicagow. o. acs sles ee +9345 Darling. & Company, (Chicago. 2... e-s)y6 21 oe ole — S21 Danning nes (Oonipary, (CHiCALO! «1. ne «ere sue als aie er SsoulmDarine. & Company, (CMiGagOr . hs ae see ciel Caylee Sota Darling & Company, (Chicago... 2:.2..«..n.0s-= = 8405) Darlings & Company, Chicago®. ......csn-- sac 8867) Darling & Company, Chicagocs.).. 2000. - asc s ee 844°) Darling & Company, Chicago............0+-s..0 861 | Darling & Company, Chicago....-..............-. 915 | Grand Rapids Glue Co., Grand Rapids............ ZOZD ale Grange, Hertilizer. Co. Detraite. . «012... nes wesc *Manufacturers’ sample. Trade Name Blackman Brand General Crop Fer- tilizer Blackman Brand Sugar Beet, Onion ange Potatona ee seo Cee ee Wheat and corn Special.............. Darling/s Acid) Phosphates... +e Chicago, Brand .7..2 005 anes cae Eee Farmer’s Favorite Brand............. Darling’s General Crop Brand........ PureBone, and Potash)... nie Darling’s Western Brand............. Grand! cRapidsst isi cicero a atetentenns Complete; Manure jo. -.7c) =< cisre orate eiereners , 74 EXPERIMENT STATION jor 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred.—Con. Found.. Claimed Found.. Found.. Claimed Found.. Found.. Found.. Found Found.. Found.. Claimed Found.. Found Found Found. . Foun Foun Nitrogen to Available . 38 8 10.68 .20 .67 10 Lie 02 .60 14 75 83 65 Phosphoric acid Insoluble BULLETINS. 143 : Potash soluble in water, estimated Total as K20 9 1.25 14.67 3.01 10 3 16.68 3.00 Se aitas sa hahater alan 2 13.38 1.58 3, ervajhay seus: Aeyeuaral less 4 12.00 6.23 F staneisvarecsuereraotene 1 13.13 . 70 ieee 41°63) Wel ee 10 2 12.85 2.56 10 4 15.36 4.86 10 12.20 5.78 20.13 6 23.50 2.99 28) ig! Or ls Lees ee 2695 | RaOst soa Sree 0 3 10.48 3.56 9 .50 9.70 .98 | nme ee Se reece 15 1 21.50 2.12 8 ] 11.50 1.68 144 A Laboratory number. *924 *926 #923 940 816 *942 837 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Manufacturer Grange Fertilizer Co. Grange Fertilizer Co., Grange Fertilizer Co., Grange Fertilizer Co., Detroit.......... Jarecki Chemical Co., Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Jarecki Chemical Co., Sandusky, Ohio Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit....... Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit....... Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit....... *Manufacturers’ sample. S DGHTOM tae IDIEHHON PR 4 Goa ctod Detroit sec se Results of analyses of commercial fertilizers Trade Name Corn, 1@ats and /Grasss... 4.) seine Potato and Vegetable Fertilizer....... Wiheat §hertilizer:ce. 2a. des eee Wheat Fertilizer with Potash......... CO: 2D. “Phosphate. (a. 2. seers Fish and Potash Grain Special........ Fish and Potash, Tobacco and Potato Pood Number One Fish Guano...........- Special Sugar Beet Grower........... <<< $ eee Square Brand Phosphate and Potash.. . Dessteated Bone... sa>: «cs ee okeuenete Homestead Bone Black Fertilizer..... EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 145 jor 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred.—Con. Phosphoric acid Nitrogen = Available Insoluble Total ee ee Claimed’, 562 se 2.0.00 1.64 Sa tart ta|trortcee ten as| 10 RGUMON aa eee ee 1.30 9.80 1.70 11.50 Gini eeteye |e s Ba eee 85 oiled Uae el |S are ree 9 LECT IaVG peeks eh A ee eae 84 9.20 2.30 11.50 KGUANIIC Cer tes era co ouverte 1 5 ES cain (stent dak: Se) odes 10/55 JECOIUII VG le hace Sen nl (Pe ae ee 13.47 1.$0 15.37 Claimed aean ste |nte see hee LOPS der Wevcitatice ce oretonte OE OUI e ee et eer ere tice tht eek 12.35 2.15 14.50 Clanvcder Montes atte oy see WAT og TH eeatstane Se, checas ta Pern gas oe EN ere ROUTE CLE ety es oe tee aan tec chewy veneers ecw 13.87 3.00 16.87 Claimed’. ._..,: tone 15) [eee he Wena brs ee Ht ct | omeen tes Aer a-ctc I OULING ores nee 1:33 28 2.10 13.37 > | Oldimedss VS. .83 Md ase Aer de eared ieee cn leh ade Gad HOUNGs A ere a. 74 10.40 1.85 12.25 CYanmeds. 6... -83 TORN ere aioe ic camers || taster rence ce aeons BOUT et Ate ie 83 9.98 2.60 12.58 Olanmnede os) tae .83 10 VE Bae eerie iehc Wit nes "anhie clerk Mie OU en ae 81 TT.15 3.60 14.75 Clamned sec | .83 NB a eR csc Sete enctecey ket [tensa ner Menai neer ze pares Rica Taras epee oh econ ae | 84 10.25 2.00 12.25 | Claimed s.- e 2 [ietcter tenets ete TOs, TUNA Aes cinee trans ott | ame etc re aeetaretees ROUNC aye eee er, ee ees bay 8.10 | 14.87 Claimed... 7.12) CG en all ae lee Oe ee ne 26.06 Oe eT ae OST ete cere ee et ela, 27.01 Claimed 25. ..% lieve eta ra age Rev eKe SOR TME RAMEN Micra tens Se, Aces 32 ROU eee sci. IB cies in 8 8 ood 27.68 6.80 34.48 Claimed: 27... oc 1 5 og || Ale eargre lore Fhe] ere eee eh A ee 25 Gi ea oe VL (ella WAR ABO 2S SR Ca es a eI $2.12 Claimed 4.2... 0. 2.06 Shea ll eas oer ees 9 MOVs She ke os 1.65 12.90 -40 13.30 19 Potash soluble in water, estimated as K20 bo . 38 87 28 -49 146 A y Laborator number 833 921 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Results of analyses of commercial fertilizers Manufacturer Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit. .....4.5..2.-045- Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit................. Michigan! ‘Carbon! Works Detroit....¢...!.....0... Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit................. Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit................. Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit................. Michigan Carbon Works, Detroite....:0..:--.8.- Michizan iCarbon) Works. Detroit... ess1s6 se eres Michigan’ Carbon Works) Detroiti. oy. acicc). +s ee iia Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit................. Natural Guano Company, Aurora, Ill............. Natural Guano Company, Aurora, IJl............. Northwestern Fertilizing Co., Chicago, Ill...... oor Northwestern Fertilizing Co., Chicago, Ill......... Northwestern Fertilizing Co., Chicago, Ill......... *Manufacturers’ sample. +Water soluble phosphoric acid: claimed, 1.25; found, 1.18. Trade Name Homestead High Grade Garden and Wezetable Wertilizers.. -. o-ese cee Homestead Potato and Tobacco Fertil- Special Bertilizer cc decks ctcle eeeneenee Wolverine Phosphate... . seis Dried) Sheep) Manure... .55..ee *Manufacturers’ sample. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 153 or 1905, expressed in parts in a hundred.—ConcLupEb. P P | Phosphoric acid Potash soluble in Nitrogen Ss = Ss water, ‘ | estimate | Available , Insoluble Total as KoO zane : | ee Glaimed). =... 2... | .82 CO IY Uh MOL ty eer et 10 4 TSG WG See eee ee | .90 8.62 83 9.45 4.14 v : as pie ae ee ~~ Glaimed)os..-.: 2 disturbed, it darts away ; to some concealment. It is about one-third of an inch in length, and in general, is ash colored. There is a white stripe on the hind-margin of each front-wing, and these two ‘XS . white stripes lie together Se : ug when the wings are See Sg el closed, making a conspic- Bipeesec sc xiOn uous white dorsal stripe Fig. 21.—Diamond-back moth, enlarged. Original. bordered with darker on each side. The wings are folded roof-wise over the back, with an abrupt elevation at the posterior end. There are several generations each year. The same remedies that are used against the cabbage-worms will keep this little moth in subjec- tion. Cabbage Flea-beetle (Phyllotreta vittata). Like all of the flea-beetles, the cabbage flea-beetle is small and incon- spicuous, though very active, jumping long distances when disturbed. 1t is less than one-tenth of an inch in length, black in color, with a well- | EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 173 Fig. 22.—Coccoon of diamond-back moth, enlarged. Original. marked yellowish stripe on each wing-cover. The larva is said to be long and slender, and to mine in the leaves of young cabbage plants. SEER | REMEDIES. The worst damage is inflicted by this little pest, when the plants are young and long before the heads are formed. At this time a spray of paris- green and bordeaux will serve to check them, the bordeaux acting as a repel- lant. It is probable that tobacco dust would also serve the purpose, if dusted on the young plants. After the heads commence to appear it is unsafe to use any of the arsenites. Cabbage Curculio (Ceutihorhynchus rapae). A small beetle that tunnels in the leaf-stems, crown and larger veins of the cabbage, is described in Bul. 23, Bureau of Entomology, of the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture. The beetle is see ; Pi credited to Michigan among other oe na es OGHislual. raga states, having been found here by Pro- fessor A. J. Cook, many years ago. This beetles belongs to the curculios and is about one-eighth of an inch long, broadly oval in form, the color being black modified by fine light grey hairs. The species is carefully and fully described by Mr. F. H. 174 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Chittenden in the bulletin cited. The damage brought about by this beetle is said to be largely due to its spreading the cabbage rot, a disease that causes considerable loss annually. REMEDIES. The beetle is said to prefer wild hedge mustard and pepper-grass to cultivated plants. It is recommended. that all such plants be Fig. 24.—Cabbage flea-beetle,en- Pulled up and burned about the middle of Deed ee Od a tesley) = June, after the eggs are laid. Arsenical poison- ing is also recommended while the plants are very young and before they show signs of forming heads. Cabbage Snakes (Mermis albicans). Alarming stories relative to the poisonous properties of “long, slender, hair-like snakes” which are found in the cabbage, reach us from time to time. These “fearful snakes” are the same creatures that are found in watering-troughs and pools so frequently, they are then known as “hair- snakes,” believed by the uninformed to be animated horse-hairs. They really are parasites from the bodies of grasshoopers, crickets, etc., which pass part of their existence in the soil or water, the eggs being hatched in the soil and the young gaining access to the bodies of grasshoppers or crickets early in their career. When a grasshopper is about to die from the drain put upon its strength by the parasite, the latter crawls out. Some fal] into the cabbages on which the hoppers happen to be feeding when their strength fails. Such hair-snakes settle down into the cabbage head, finding a moist place wherein they manage to live for some time. It is not at all likely that harm would result from eating a piece of hair-snake, although the writer has never knowingly tried it. When well cooked, there should be no reasons other than those of sentiment, for fearing them. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CELERY.* AFFECTING THE TOPS. Celery Aphis (Rhopalosipum dianthi). Occasionally celery is infested by one of the plant-lice or green-flies. The writer has never seen any serious injury by these insects, but in case they become troublesome, kerosene- emulsion should prove effective as should also tobacco water. Little Negro-bug (Corymelaena pulicaria). Bulletin 102 of this station contains a description of an outbreak by the little negro-bug. This insect ordinarily seems to prefer weeds *For further information on celery insects, see Bul. 102 of this station, published also in the nnual Report for 1894. ~ EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 175 to celery, but on occasion, it has been known to overspread a celery field in late July, collecting in little clusers on the leaves, and playing sad havoc with the commercial fields. The outer leaves of the stalk suffer first, but later the inner, feathery ones that go to make the market head. The cause of all this trouble is a small, shining black bug, very con- vex and quite broad comparatively, the length being a little less than one-eighth of an inch. The insect is said to rear only one generation each year. It is known to work on strawberry, raspberry, grape, wheat, some grasses, and a number of weeds, including red-root and ground-nut, beggar-tick, plaintain, rag-weed and smart weed. Fig. 25.—Celery Aphis, enlarged, after G. C. Davis. REMEDIES. Mr. Davis recommends crude carbolic acid and*+water used at the rate of a teaspoonful to two gallons of water and sprinkled over the plants or else crude carbolic and air-slaked lime used at the rate of a teaspoonful of the acid to a bushel of lime, and dusted over the plants. The emulsion of carbolic acid described on page 66 and diluted so that the same amount of the acid is found in two gallons of water, will make a more even preparation and one would expect less danger from burning the plants than with the plain mixture. The writer has never had an opportunity to try this, however. Mr. Davis found that hot water killed the bugs when used at 155 degrees Fah. and that the plants were killed at 175 degrees. On a small scale, this can be applied with a sprinkler if care be taken to test the water with a thermometer carefully and at short intervals. Clean culture.—The long list of weeds which serve as food-plants’ for this little nuisance, shows plainly that the removal of weeds from the vicinity of the celery fields will be the most effective preventive measure at our command. Clean culture is, after all, a measure which pays well. Tarnished Plant-bug (see Insects affecting Beets). Leaf-hoppers (see Insects affecting Beets). Grass-hoppers (see Insects affecting Sweet-corn). Celery Thrips (Coleothrips trifasciata). Related to the onion thrips, and in many respects, closely resembling it, is the celery thrips. It is said to be the same species as the one so common in clover heads. Very small and active, this insect jumps and flies away on the slightest disturbance. For a more complete de- scription of thrips, see Insects affecting the Onion. Celery-looper or Plusia (Plusia simplex). Closely related to the cabbage-looper is the celery-looper. The naked, green larva is marked by eight white lines. The moth closely resembles 176 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. ¢ CDovis Plate 1.—Celery Ley al 1, Ctcadula; 4—lineata; 2, Empoasca mali; 3, Plalymetopius acutus; 4, Athysanus tinstabilis; 5, Megamelus picus, all enlarged ten times. (After G. C. Davis.) EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. LFA the cabbage-looper except that the fore-wings are marked with grey and seal-brown. The silver mark is hook-shaped, and the hind-wings are marked with a dark wash. See also cabbage-looper. Fig. 26.—Little negro bug. A, upper side; B, under side, enlarged; C, leaf showing bugs at work (After G. C. Davis.) REMEDIES. Of course poisons should not be used, but Pyrethrum and water, applied with an atomizer, should answer all requirements. Apply as when used against the cabbage-worm. Sulphur-colored Tortrix (Dichelia sulfureana). Mention is made of this little moth in Bul. 102 of this station by Mr. G. C. Davis, formerly consulting entomogist of this station. Mr. Davis says in part: “There are at least two broods and probably three. The larvae are light green all except the tips of their mandibles, labrum, and front feet which are black, and the head and thorax which are lighter, almost a flesh color. They live in leaves drawn together by a web which they spin and feed on the adjoining leaves. They pupate in the same leaves in which they live. The little moths are bright sulphur-vellow with a net-work of small red lines and larger reddish- brown bands on the primary wings. The hind-wings are dusky. The band on the front-wings varies considerably.” : REMEDIES. Clear up all refuse material and burn in the fall. A spray of Pyreth- rum-water should kill many if applied forcibly enough to penetrate into the 7g of leaves. 178 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Celery Tortrix (Sericoris bipartitana). Mr. Davis mentions this species as feeding on the leaves of celery. A gallery is made by drawing several leaves together. The larvae are said by Mr. Davis, to be small, slender, and quite active; dark, greasy brown in color, with a black shield on the thorax, and the legs and plate on the anal segment black. There are four shining dots on the upper part of each segment forming a square. The adult moth is black and white with dark posterior wings and light abdomen. The same remedies should apply as in the case of the sulphur-colored Tortrix, should there be sufficient need. Fig. 27.—Sulphur colored tortrix, enlarged. After G. C. Davis. Fig. 28.—Celery tortrix, enlarged three times. aoe aaah neee oe 23 bu Total syield: per acre!) cas Be ee 234 ba ee 64 bu. Gross receipts at 50 cents per bushel at time of digging........ $20 50 a TABLE NO. 3. Sprayed with Lime Water Every Four Days. Naeld per acre. of merchantable tubers... ....: 4. > #,.c0eliems a8 52.5 bu. Apel per. acre of small tibersy nc. nec hats no «crate sees 26 bu MOtAT yield: PEs ACT Cette: cya kon 6, a.G.ricc eee | ne ee ee eee ae 78.5 bu. Gvrose receipts pereacte at 50 cents: per bWis.,..0.<.- ee ono eeinae $26 25 Sross-cain in dollars per*acre by Sprayile.. .. -a-.-\....ese eee 5 75 micreasesin, yield by Sprayiye. n+. >. 2s . 2 80.1 Bm : or Oi eirme bags bet 100.7 bu. pateoet abe J. aiesele eae dpocsomubue Loe 6 eee si reds ce} (se La dan OBIS: oaL~iy OOS dui 1 05 ede: 3 18 nding’) Sasa ja) bre EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 265 TABLE NO. 7. Sprayed with Bordeausw Mixture Every Four Days. Mield-per acrejof merchantable tubers... ie 6 2 tee ew cee ees 8114 bu. Wield per acre of Small tubers. 2). 222%... oe ecese slew c's's ae Std cieek cai 211% bu. Rak VAC LG MET LACHC re os ata 23 soz iayehp alors watt dee oer 8 4-8 emcees 103: bw: Gross returns per acre at 50 cents per bushel................. $40 75 Gross eain/in dollars per acre by spraying... .. 5... cc. 0. ewe cee 20 25 imerease im yield per acre Dy Spraying... 6.56... ee cee ca cans 40.5 bu. TEMTNOE OL SPL Y LILO! \7, ahs Sea sty wie ave tond Bais Caicos oy ete Page) aye 14 Coral amOune Of MMe USEU PCr AClE re cine gs 5505's ods se od oe ele 42 lbs Total amount of’ copper sulphate used per acre................ 35 lbs. WOstcOlae PERAACTE cS: Gon Feet ot he Sine Mek cad 5 bigeye ate ae $0 19 Sost-or copper sulphate Per acres: o.cgecs dain dec ucle tis cusses 2 45 UMPMOR Ap MC AtIOMy sc Sako ate aye RRs hd eave tanta votes EO 7 42 Hotai-cost/ Of Sprayinesperracre, oc o4 os ae esl ak scelaetee es $10 06 VET allih MEEMACEE MIs. le ese Cet ead orate we ermal See Se neater 10 19 According to the works of Millardet and Gayon,* the copper in Bor- deaux mixture does not become soluble until the Hydrate of lime is changed to the Carbonate of lime, this process taking about ten days. In the above table it will be noticed that fresh Bordeaux mixture was applied every four days, thus keeping the copper in an insoluble form. The results go to show that it is not at all necessary for the copper to be in solution in order to kill the spores and check the growth of Blight (Phytophthora infestans). From the preceding tables it appears that the most profitable re- sults were obtained from those sprayed every 10 days with Bordeaux mixture or 6 times during the season (See Table No. 6). The lime experiment (See Table No. 3) is interesting from the fact that it shows that the mere presence of some foreign substance on the foliage helps very markedly in retarding the growth of the disease. Further investigation along this line will be carried on during the com- ing season. d The condensed results of the experiment are fully shown in the table below. ee et Gayon, La bouillie bordelaise Celeste, Jour. d’Agr prat 54e Ann. T. I, No. 8, Feb. 20, 90, p. ; 34 266 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. TABLE NO. 8. Condensed Results of Potato Spraying in 1905. : Gain in eins Net gain Cost No of | , Crop Manner of spraying. yield per |qoflars per| in dollars | per acre. | sprayings.| insured acre. acre. per acre. for. With Bordeaux every 4 days. ..| 40.5 bu. 20.25 11.90 10.19 14 | 1 year. With Bordeaux every 10 days...| 39.5 bu. 19.75 15.44 4.31 6 | 3.5 years, With Bordeaux every 15 days...| 32.5 bu. 16.25 13.38 2.87 4 | 4.7 years With Bordeaux every 20 days...| 27.8 bu. 13.90 11.03 2.87 4] 3.8 years With Lime every 4 days........} 11.5 bu 5.75 |Loss 1.76 7.61 nC. Tet eRe Cost per acre per application, 72 cents. SPRAYING AN INSURANCE. The last column of the above table shows how long it would be pos- sible to spray an acre of potatoes upon the profits of this year’s spray- ing and protect them against any possibility of blight, if there should be no blight during that time; or, in brief, in the case of the acre sprayed every ten days with Bordeaux mixture, enough profit was made to pay for spraying an acre of potatoes six times for three years and three times on the fourth year without extra cost. The cost of 72 cents per application per acre is unusually large and would easily be less in large field operations. The writer believes that on areas of two acres or over the work could easily be*done at a total outlay per application per acre of not over 55 cents. III. RESULTS OBTAINED BY MR. W. A. SWAN, OTSEGO. In reply to questions sent out in a circular letter to potato growers by this Department, Mr. W. A. Swan of Otsego answered the question, “Have you ever sprayed with Bordeaux Mixture for the blight?” by saying, “Yes, for the last five years, two years with a four-row sprayer.” The next question asked was, “If so, has it paid you? Give figures if possible. Will you spray next year?” Mr. Swan answered, “Yes, last year (1904) my crop averaged 200 bushels per acre; 2 acres were sprayed six times and averaged 330 bushels per acre. This year I sprayed 27 acres; the average was 128 bushels. One acre through the center of the field was not sprayed and gave 109 bushels. Two acres on one side sprayed three times gave 124 bushels per acre. Two acres on the other side sprayed four times gave 147 bushels per acre. I figure my total gain this year at 700 bushels, at a cost in spraying of $70.00. I will keep on spraying. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 267 Cost of spraying 27 acres: 450 Ibs.. Copper Sulphate. 0.0.5 0.0. 6.0. cece eee eee reece dene $30 50 Peat ses Leanne sh Loe el eae es hh a te -) eee ue Ta Wiliw a lessee abt) s hy eae ons 2 00 Man 9" days (alsoab@ard.) roche dial eo seein erates ile nals onic © ensiele 18 00 BROS OA arte e wectntes hece naeeee eset tcbe elote ee dig este ii aah aelaseraietialia rater 9 00 20 per cent interest on Sprdyer......... 2. see cece eee cence 10 00 OFLA cake ba eect a ache sla lace Ne atta sy otcn ov nesta ig checctat hale epeheocawe $69 50 Average cost per acre for single spraying about 45c¢ to 50c. Our 9-acre field, planted May 20, was sprayed six times in the rainy season and the mixture was washed off every other day, no chance, in fact this field died early, September 20. The yield was 140 bushels.” The above statement of Mr. Swan goes to show that spraying for late blight is a sound business proposition. * IV. RESULTS OBTAINED IN OTHER STATES. One of the first field experiments in Spraying potatoes for late blight was made by Jones of the Vermont Experiment Station in 1889. Spray- ing experiments for blight at that Station have been kept up for a great many years and the results have always been the same; i. e., that it pays. Some of the results obtained in Vermont, picked at random from a long term of years, will be of interest to Michigan growers. Results obtained in 1892.* Plots sprayed with Bordeaux mixture gave 324 bushels per acre. Adjoining plots unsprayed gave 100 bushels per acre. Gain from the use of Bordeaux mixture, 224 bushels per acre. Results of 1893, a bad blight year: Plots sprayed with Bordeaux mixture yielded 375 bushels per acre. Adjoining plots unsprayed yielded 121 bushels per acre. These gains by spraying are probably a great deal larger than could be obtained in large field experiments in Michigan. In 1900 the Maine Station} experimented in spraying for blight in a small way and the increase in yield per acre for potatoes sprayed with Bordeaux mixture was 133 bushels per acre over those not sprayed. Perhaps, however, the most extensive and the most carefully con- ducted experiments in potato spraying have been carried on at the New York Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y. The results of their first year’s experiments, 1902,t gave a yield of 31714 bushels per acre for rows sprayed three times; 34214 bushels per acre for rows sprayed seven times, and 219 bushels per acre for those not sprayed at all. Thus the seven sprayings gave an increased yield of 12314 bushels per acre and the three sprayings 9814 bushels per acre. The following year, 1903,] the Geneva Station enlarged its field of work along this line and established a number of cooperative business experiments with farmers throughout the state. “The farmers business experiments were designed to determine the * Vt. Bulletin No. 72, p. 15. Bulletin 73 Maine, p. 57 Ne sea Sta. Bulletin No. 221, pp. 235-6. For complete account see N. Y. Expt. Sta. Bull. No. 241, 268 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. actual profits in potato spraying under ordinary farm conditions.” The total area thus treated in cooperation was 611% acres sprayed in six experiments in different parts of New York. The total increase in yield due to spraying with Bordeaux Mixture was 3,746 bushels, or an aver- age of 61.21 bushels per acre. The increase at the time of digging was worth $1,873; the total expense of spraying was $296.49, giving a clear profit, due to spraying, of $1,576.51, or $25.77 per acre. In 1904 the work of the Geneva Station in potato spraying was con- tinued and more cooperative business experiments were arranged ;* also, a large number of volunteer experiments were reported to the Station by farmers. “In fourteen} farmers’ business experiments, including 180 acres, the’ average gain due to spraying, was 6214 bushels per acre; the average cost of spraying $4.98 per acre; and the average cost for each spraying, 93 cents per acre; and the averfige net profit, based on the market price of potatoes at time of digging, $24.86 per acre.” “In forty-one farmers’ volunteer experiments, including 36334 acres, the average gain due to spraying was 5814 bushels per acre. In twenty- three of these experiments the average total cost of spraying was $3.91 per acre; the average cost for each spraying, 90 2-3 cents; and the net profit, based on the market price of potatoes at time of digging, $22.01 per acre.” It would seem fitting to record the results of one of these business experiments and the one chosen is known as “The West Henrietta Ex- . periment.” (For details see N. Y. Expt. Sta. Bul. No. 264, pp. 121-124.) The potato field used in this experiment was owned by Mr. Robert Dunn of West Henrietta, N. Y., and was composed of 12 acres. This field was sprayed eight times. Three rows through the middle of the field were left unsprayed. At digging time the center one of these 3 rows was dug separately, as were also the second rows of the sprayed potatoes on either side of the unsprayed ones. The yield of the unsprayed row was compared with the average yield of the two sprayed rows. The unsprayed row yielded at the rate 184 bu. 44 lbs. per acre, while the sprayed rows yielded at the rate of 314 bu. 43 Ibs. per acre, making the increase due to spraying 130 bushels per acre. At time of digging the market price of potatoes was 50 cents per bushel, so the increased yield per acre was worth $65. The cost of spraying was $4.89 per acre, leaving a net profit of $60.11 per acre, or $721.32 for the 12 acres. Mr. Dunn calculated his expense as follows: AOD. lbs. Copper ;Sulphate, at Gow. .). os.j. seeaice siamo See eiee ee . $24 00 Sayin. ALAIN, ate DOC. 2ocnctpvat ecchdedis we & Shales Qedemeste Gite uatae es sates 2 00 14. lbs. + Paris, Green. (for, bugs), cat l5ec. «2. seed (shee cm of 2 10 Sones: labor for man, ateloeaacr olen wcmete See eee eee 12 00 avr hres: labor, for team, ‘at POGas.0: 3 ks ot tae lene oe epee ee 12 00 Mferest and wear, Ol SPLayers « «/. = ee IV. Four pigs.... 152 463 311 25.5 AGT IO\\e ccc) 2209 .5|$11.78) $3.78) 2.36 Cok During the 70 days of this test the four pigs of Lot III consumed an average of 3.14 pounds of their meal mixture per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 39.7 pounds to 110.7 pounds at the rate of 1.01 pounds per head daily. At the same time the four pigs of Lot IV consumed on an average 2.63 pounds of their meal mixture and 7.89 pounds skim milk per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 38 pounds to 115.7 pounds at the rate of 1.11 pounds per head daily. In this test the actual increase in live weight was a trifle greater for Lot IV receiving skim milk, but the cost of production per cwt. was 5le less for Lot III receiving tankage in the place of skim milk. No 35 ; 274 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. difference was apparent in the relative condition of the pigs in the two lots. : TEST NO. 3. Digester Tankage vs. Skim Milk for Growing Swine Between 50 and 120 Days of Age. In this test the ration for Lot V was made up in the following pro- portions by weight, viz.: Middlings 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds, and digester tankage 3 pounds; the tankage formed one-eleventh of the mixture. This ration was made into a slop by adding water. Lot VI was fed a ration of the following proportions, viz.: Middlings 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds and skim milk 90 pounds, three pounds of skim milk being used to every pound of meal mixture. These rations dupli- cate those of Test No. 2. The pigs used in this test were the offspring of a Berkshire boar and Tamworth sow and were farrowed March 27, 1905. There were twelve pigs in the litter and ten were raised. On May 16th, when these pigs were 50 days old, about weaning time, they were divided into two lots of five each, there being two barrows and three sows in each pen. -The results of this test are summed up in the following table. 9 iS Food consumed. i £3 Food per ed | sPu Z o 5 pound, gain, us esl, swale arte 22 | 54 2" ee Lot No. gs |ses| as Suid) homily cma ct On ael eral aeepe 4 me S| ys ae St |) yp SS mest). wo | ey xy Eau | Fea, ay So) sce] toe| ws] 4 + Se =e 3 Ge Sas (Seslaes|Haes| Ss 2 s2 | Bes Shs BAO Sao|/8 o is i=) = io) iS) yA O oes Ble Aly Bl] eG Ay nm & Ver Hive pigs... 183} 478 295| 282.4) 564.8] 84.8)...... $9.85) $3.33] 3.15]...... VI. Five pigs..... 184 523 339| 262.7] 525.3]...... 2,364/$12.60) $3.71) 2.32] 6.97 During the 70 days of this test the five pigs of Lot V consumed on an average 2.66 pounds meal mixture per head daily, while increas- ing in live weight from 36.6 pounds to 95.6 pounds at the rate of .84 pounds per head daily. At the same time the five pigs of Lot VI con- sumed on an average 2.25 pounds meal mixture and 6.75 pounds skim milk per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 36.8 pounds to 104.6 pounds at the rate of .96 pounds per head daily. The results of this test agree exactly with those of test 2. Where skim milk was fed in this case the gains were slightly larger, but the cost of produc- tion where tankage was used was 388 cents less per cwt. gain. CHECK TEST. A check test was conducted for ten weeks, in which two lots of pigs of five each were fed on a ration consisting of middlings 2 parts and corn meal one part, made into a thick slop by adding water. Attention is called to the fact that this ration duplicates those of the previous tests, in-so-far as it contains middlings and corn meal in the same propor- 7 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 275 tions as in tests 2 and 3, but does not contain either tankage or skim milk. The ration used in this case therefore serves as an indicator to the value of both skim milk and tankage. The pigs used in this case were Yorkshire-Chester and Yorkshire- Berkshire crosses divided as evenly as possible as regards breeding, size and quality. These pigs went on feed at about the same average weights as those of the previous tests, but were some older and were fed seventy days. The following are the results of this check test: —— 9 ay Food consumed. : s Food per SO ad | Qa a z B pound, gain. oul ete eee le 29 he eT Lot No. S%3|283| as Soin law cata ai Loot tees gum Meena ai 4a Se Ooh coo 30 TRS) Se Whe) 96 50 =o =o] Bun, |e isa ath Sa 1 = 1oe Ss. ~ ag aq Bees eae ead a%s|ySs|\|4¥S\s55)| Ss zs os BAS 5 | B oleate ele eS) oS ih aoe Sy tS ea TS |m ica) oD) VII. Five pigs... 265 554 289386282773 ais 22 scsi ote eves | SLL 560] S401" “4000S ee = Shes Es eee! see ees | ae eee _ is VIII. Five pigs... 258 535 PANT W\ Gladietel! MOBSC\lobo ao allocopue SLL 60) $4. 180 4 ats ees In the three tests including tankage and skim milk, the average cost of production per cwt. with the tankage rations was $3.35, with the skim milk rations $3.62, and with the check ration of middlings, corn meal and water $4.09. In the three original tests the tankage ration pigs consumed an average 3.14 pounds meal mixture per pound gain, those receiving skim milk in the ration required 2.48 pounds meal mix- ture and 5.67 pounds skim milk per pound gain. In the check ration consisting of corn meal and middlings the average amount of meal mix- ture required per pound gain was 4.09 pounds. The average daily gains from the three tankage rations was .98 pounds, from the three skim milk rations 1.08 pounds, and from the check ration .8 pounds. Judging from these figures we are therefore quite safe in concluding that though the ration containing skim milk made a slightly greater gain than where tankage was used, the cost of producing this increased gain was some- what greater. Also that the check ration of middlings and corn, meal only, produced smaller gains at a greater cost than either of the others. The amount of dry matter required per pound gain with both tankage and skim milk rations was about the same; in the check ration it was somewhat greater. PART 2. DIGESTER TANKAGE FOR FATTENING SWINE. This part of the report deals with the use of digester tankage in the ration for swine being fitted or finished for market; or, in other words, the development of the hog from say one hundred and twenty pounds 276 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. weight to the weight and finish demanded by the market, between two hundred and two hundred and fifty pounds. This experiment consisted of a series of four tests, with two pens of pigs in each case. The rations were not all alike. In the first two tests the rations were, on the one hand, corn meal and tankage, and on the other, corn meal only. In the other two tests of this series one ration was made up of corn meal, middlings and tankage, and the other of corn meal and middlings. Middlings were used more freely in the latter tests because they were considerably cheaper than corn at the time of purchase. TEST NO. 1. Digester Tankage and Corn Meal vs. Corn Meal Alone for Fattening Pigs. The ration for lot IX consisting of tankage and corn meal was made up of 5 parts corn meal and 1 part tankage by weight; both this ration and the one consisting of corn meal only, for Lot X, were made into a thick slop for feeding, by adding water. The animals used were purchased for the experiment and consisted of eight Duroc Jerseys farrowed in July, 1904; these pigs had been run on pasture during the open season with little grain feed and as a re- sult only averaged 120.5 pounds per head when put on feed January 25, 1905, for the 70-day test. The following table gives the results of this test: ! 19 pe Food consumed eS Food per soa | sat | a 3 z pound, gain. Sag) ag tg| ag & ¢ |-———_—— ‘ = ae : E : 2 HE : Lot No. 38/395 | 35 | gal d3| e¢| 4a] Bs | oe | ag | Se Eat teee | Ce eelstSel uae! ee = aS) ez SSE | CSS ee Sale: a o§ | AY gS esa raactile 1c 5 ss | 8s = ae $17.69) $3.96) 3.58/...... X. Four pigs.... A841 86526|- Sel. ele b2Ole ote ceric ctovelleeeeee $14.26) $3.73) Sots eee er Attention is directed to the fact that the tankage formed one-sixth of the meal ration for Lot IX, and because of its large proportion and greater cost, the cost of production was rendered greater despite the fact that the gains were larger. During the seventy days of this test the four pigs of Lot IX consumed on an average 4.76 pounds of corn meal and .95 pound tankage per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 120.15 to 231.75 pounds at the rate of 1.59 pounds per head daily. During this same time the four pigs of Lot X consumed an average of 5.09 pounds corn meal per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 121 pounds to 216.4 pounds at the rate of 1.36 pounds per head daily. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 277 TEST NO. 2. Digester Tankage and Corn Meal vs. Corn Meal Alone for Fattening Pigs. In this case the ration for Lot XI consisted of corn meal 9 pounds and tankage 1 pound, the tankage forming but one-tenth of the entire ration. The ration for Lot XII consisted of corn meal only and both rations were fed as a thick slop by adding water. The pigs used in this case were somewhat heavier than those of test one at the beginning of the experiment, averaging 155.25 pounds, but were fed to greater weights covering a period of eighty-four days. The following table gives the results of this test: 19 = Food consumed. ile Food per SOG lsc a } z pound, gain. arg | ao | ae aa = SS wo - | ose | 2s P ee , if Lh Se 7 spare Lot No. oe =: a2 ae Bau a ou xn os AS a sa Seco | ee OF Neste | g BOS ee ete | eae ae Era | om 4 abel oeseSs|4FS1 68S] cs DB OE} eet z & PE? MS Ser BC | aia 8 PG tsh 8S Bia es ays an | MY, Four pigs... - 624) 1,016 392)1525.5)...... LGOF S| orers ote $1800) ($4259), 4532) oie XII. Four pigs... 618] 915.3] 297.3 1,624)...... a PecsAl oie $16.24) $5.46) 5.46)...... i | if During the eighty-four days of this test the four pigs of Lot XI con- sumed an average of 4.54 pounds corn meal and .5 pounds tankage per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 156 to 254 pounds at the rate of 1.16 pounds per head daily. At the same time the four pigs of Lot XII consumed on an average 4.83 pounds corn meal per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 154.5 pounds to 228.8 pounds at the rate of .88 pounds per head daily. In this test and also in No. 1, it was a noticeable fact that the corn meal fed pigs kept pace with the corn meal and tankage fed pigs for a time, but the gains of the latter became increasingly greater as the feeding period advanced. We should not expect the advantages of the balanced ration to_show markedly on a short feed. Though absolutely greater, the comparative cost of production is less in test 2 where tankage formed but one-tenth of the ration than where it formed one-sixth in test 1. TEST NO. 3. Digester Tankage for Fattening Swine. Tests Nos. 3 and 4, of part 2, differ only from Tests 1 and 2 in that middlings was introduced into both rations. In this test the ration for Lot XIII was made up as follows: Middlings 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds and tankage 3 pounds, the latter form- ing one-eleventh of the ration; the ration of lot XIV consisted of middlings 20 pounds and corn meal 10 pounds. The pigs of these two lots, a Duroc Tamworth cross, were put on feed 278 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. at an average of 113.25 pounds, and weighed 215.5 pounds each at the end of fourteen weeks. The following is a summary of the test: 9 3 Food consumed ai 3 Food per SO a | iS a a fe) 5 pound, gain. fake! | GSS) sh _ ee a — Lot No. Meg late | eile (ineta lea |. sal solos i | 4a BAZ |LNS| Fo Eroofa calle ewes syratoe aie ene pecs aie Pea [Fae | “au | fe) ySs/459/-8s] 3 2 68 | ¢8s 3 fo} palate) RNa LEM ed IE each || 8 Pell as y=) = Tas, Ry SAN a EI ol eta XIII. Four pigs.. 443 876) 433 | 577.5] 1155.25)173.25)...... $20.14) $4.65 etoCsllocp eco XIV. Four pigs.. 463 848 385) 613.7/1227.3)......|...... $18.41) $4.78) 4.78)...... During the 98 days of this test the four pigs of Lot XIII consumed on an average 4.86 pounds of their meal mixture per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 119.7 pounds to 219 pounds at the rate of 1.1 pounds per head daily. At the same time the four pigs of Lot XIV consumed on an average 4.69 pounds of their meal mixture per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 115.7 pounds to 212 pounds at the rate of .98 pounds per head daily. TEST NO. 4. Digester Tankage for Iattening Swine. This is a duplication of Test No. 3, Part 2, except that five pigs were used in each lot instead of four, and the experiment was one week later starting. The pigs in test 3 were Duroc Tamworth cross, those in 4’a Berk-Tamworth cross. The pigs of these two lots were put on feed at an average weight. of 100.1 pounds and finished fourteen weeks later at an average weight of 179.5 pounds. The following is a summary of the test. = iS Food consumed. a re] Food per =D 21 || Gp -° . rs) = pound, gain. HY || ISS) |) a —— ea i) ~ = = en eee cnl eh. | aaa aS lee Rae: Re ee ; touNo. | 83 |353| 32 | €3| 83] $3] 2¢|8> | #8 | 23 | ge = > Ft A] oS | SoS) 228] 8S] zs 2 85 | g&§ 5 fo) eo) |S tS Se omic somes 8 =o |: 5 ae BS 4s aS alg a] eG mM | am A XV. Five pigs.. 478 927 449) 586.7|1173.3 WASH a ceo $20.46] $4.55) 4.31]...... XVI. Five pigs... 523) 868] 345] 630.3/1260.7)......]...... $18.91] $5.48) 5.48)...... 1 During the 98 days of this test the five pigs of Lot XV consumed on an average 3.95 pounds meal mixture per head daily, while increasing in live weight from 95.6 pounds to 185.4 pounds at the rate of .91 pounds per head daily. At the same time the five pigs of Lot XVI consumed on an average 3.85 pounds meal mixture per head daily, while increasing EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 279 in live weight from 104.6 pounds to 173.6 pounds at the rate of .7 pounds per head daily. The appetites of the pigs receiving tankage in their ration was better than where corn only was used and their coats were smoother and more oily looking. SUMMARY. 1. The indications from the results given in Part 1 are that digester tankage can be used successfully as a substitute for skim milk in the ration for the growing pig, from weaning time on. 2. In Tests 2 and 3, Part 1, the following rations were used, viz.: First, middling 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds, tankage 38 pounds, the last forming 1-11 of the ration; second, middling, 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds, and skim milk 90 pounds. In both cases the gains from the skim milk ration were a little greater, but the cost of production from the tankage ration was much less. This would seem to suggest that a slightly greater proportion of tankage than 1-11 of the ration could be fed, increasing the gains somewhat, and still keeping within the cost of production of the skim milk ration. 3. The check ration of middlings 20 pounds and corn meal 10 pounds mixed with water, produced smaller gains at a greater cost than either of the rations containing tankage or skim milk. 4. In Tests 1 and 2, Part 2, corn meal and tankage in the propor- tions of 5 and 1, and 9 and 1, were compared with rations of pure corn meal; in tests 3 and 4, the two rations were made up as follows, viz.: First, middlings 20 pounds, corn meal 10 pounds, and tankage 3 pounds, the last forming 1-11 of the ration, and second, middlings 20 pounds and corn meal 10 pounds. The following conclusions may be with- drawn: (1.) The gains were greatest in every case where tankage was used in the ration, and (2.) This was more and more noticeable as the feeding period was prolonged. (3.) Test 2 was conducted 84 days, and in it tankage formed 1-10 of the ration; tests 3 and 4 were conducted 98 days and in them tankage formed 1-11 of the ration: in all three the cost of production was less where the tankage ration was used. In Test 1, conducted 70 days, with tankage forming 1-6 of the ration, the gains, though greater, were a few cents per cwt. more expensive in the tankage ration. 5. In general the figures given indicate that tankage can be used to good advantage in the ration for the fattening hog, as well as for the growing pig, 280 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF M. A. C. GRADE DAIRY HERD. R. S. SHAW AND A. C. ANDERSON. Bulletin No. 238. The plans for this work were established in 1904 and the herd of twenty cows purchased in October of that year. In September, 1905, Mr. Anderson was placed in charge of the herd and has compiled the data and prepared this report for publication. In maintaining a grade dairy herd at this institution two chief ends are sought. First and foremost to show objectively how the common dairy stocks of this state can be improved as to quantity and quality of milk production by a rational and continued system of up grading; and second to show the effect of careful feeding and man- agement upon average, common, or even inferior dairy animals. While the stocking of farms with pure bred dairy animals is desirable and strongly advised, it is.generally recognized that the great mass of im- provement among dairy cattle must come from intelligent up-grad- ing. In selecting the foundation stock for a grade dairy herd atten- tion was given first to the health and general physical characteristics of each individual selected. It is preferable to start with animals of good constitution, even though they have only moderate tendencies to milk giving, than to sacrifice these features in any degree in the attempt to secure abundant milkers at the start. Care was also taken to secure animals which should be fairly uniform. To accomplish the desired ends with the material available in the Michigan markets it was thought best to purchase twenty grade Shorthorn cows. While none of these cows possessed a large percentage of Shorthorn blood, they all had enough to give the evenness and uniformity sought in the foundation herd. These cows were purchased in the fall of 1904 and dropped their first calves early in the winter of 1904-5. Their first crop of calves was used for feeding purposes and formed no part of this experiment. For breeding purposes the herd is divided into four groups or sub- herds of five animals each. One of these groups is to be bred con- tinuously to Jersey bulls, and the female progeny bred in the same line. Another of the groups is to be bred continuously to Holstein bulls and the female progeny bred in the same line. The third group is to be bred in the same way to Guernsey bulls and the fourth to Shorthorn bulls. As soon as the heifers come to maturity they will be used in the herd, and will gradually replace the older stocks. The execution of these plans will require time, and the results will accumulate somewhat slowly. In the meantime, reports will be made annually of the milk and butter product, and the food consumption of the foundation herd. 281 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 36 989 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, It is the plan to so handle the herd that each animal will freshen once each year. But since this cannot always be brought about within exact dates, the year is taken as the unit of time instead of the period of lactation. The use of the yearly record is increasing among dairy- men, and should be still more generally adopted. THE MILK AND BUTTER PRODUCT OF THE HERD. In Table I, which follows, the total yields for each cow for her first year are shown. In column one appears the number of the cow, the cows being numbered for convenience in keeping records. The second column gives the total days of lactation, out of a possible 365. In column three the total yield of milk is given. Column four shows the average percent of butter fat for the year; column five, the total pounds of butter fat; column six, the pounds of butter; and column seven the pounds of skim-milk. The milk from each cow is weighed, recorded, and sampled, at each milking. The composite samples are tested for butter fat at the close of each week. The pounds of milk produced by a cow in a week multi- plied by the per cent of fat gives the pounds of butter fat for the week. The pounds of butter fat increased by one-sixth of itself gives the pounds of butter. The skim-milk is estimated at 80 per cent of the whole milk. This estimate for skim-milk is rather low, it being custom- ary at many creameries to allow 85 per cent of whole milk for skim- milk. ‘ TABLE I. Average Days of Pounds of Pounds of | Pounds of Pounds of Number of cows. eee whole milk. per cent butter fat. butter. skim-milk, butter fat. 323 7,144 3.86 276.86 323 5,715 318 5,559 4.41 245.12 286 4,447 323 8,113 4.45 361.72 422 6,490 363 7,114 3,93 280.29 327 5,690 154 1,205 3.43 41.15 48 9 361 7,607 4.84 371.15 433 6,084 e 309 7,681 3.00 atl. 72 317 6,144 825 4,796 4.84 232.29 271 3,837 360 6,290 3.94 248.58 290 ,031 361 6,131 4.24 260.58 304 4,904 295 5,417 4.44 219.43 256 4,334 293 7,066 3.77 266.58 311 5,653 349 7,259 4.25 309.43 361 5,807 330 7,423 3.76 279.43 26 ,938 346 5,441 3.83 208.29 243 4,352 314 5,143 3.95 203.15 237 4,114 348 6,872 4.12 283.72 331 f 316 7,092 3.73 264.86 309 5,673 345 6,206 4.04 251.15 293 4,964 362 5,620 4.23 237.43 277 4,495 Average for herd................- 324 258.9 4.08 255.65 298.25 5,007 HXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 983 It will be observed that No. 16 dried up after averaging less than eight pounds of milk per day for 154 days, or only about half an ordi- nary milking period and making about one-fifth as much butter as the next poorest cow. A dairyman would undoubtedly have eliminated her from the herd before the close of the season. ‘There are, however, sev- eral reasons, from an experimental standpoint, why she should be re- tained in the herd. Notwithstanding this handicap the herd averaged 6258.9 pounds of milk per cow, with an average test of 4.08% of butter fat, equivalent to 298.25 pounds of butter. If the record of No. 16 were to be eliminated there would be an average of 6525 pounds of milk and 011.4 pounds of butter for each of the remaining nineteen cows. VALUE OF THE PRODUCTS, COST OF PRODUCTION, AND PROFIT. Besides keeping records of the amount of milk given by each cow, daily records were made of the amount of feed consumed by each, so that the entire cost of food for each animal for the year is known. While it would be possible to give the other items of expense entailed by the herd, as cost of care, et cetera; these are purposely omitted as is also the value of calves and manure. In dairy operations these two groups of items are commonly considered as balancing each other. This they have approximately done in the present case. But as the major item of expense in maintaining a dairy cow is her food, and in view of the extremely intimate relation of food and product, we have eliminated all minor matters in order to better contrast these two main features. Instead of crediting the herd with the money actually received from the sale of the butter at the College Dairy, although more was really received for it than is credited here, the price of butter is fixed at 20c net per pound for the entire year. By 20c net is meant that this price includes the cost of making. It will be borne in mind that these cows freshened in the late fall and early winter, consequently the heaviest flow of milk was in the winter months when milk and butter were worth most. The leading creameries of the State, which receive a proportion- ate amount of winter milk report prices the average of which places the price assigned as a conservative one. Skim milk is valued at 20c per cwt., this being the asses charged for it in experimental feeding conducted at this institution. The value of the products of each individual of the herd, as well as cost of production and profit are shown in Table II which follows. In column 2 will be found the value of butter, in column 3 the value of skim milk, while column 4 gives the total cost of food for each cow. The return for every dollar’s worth of food consumed by the cow is shown in column 5, the food cost for every 100 Ibs. of milk produced in column 6, and the food cost for every pound of butter in column 7. Column 8 gives the total value of products of the cow, being the sum of columns 2 and 3, while column 9 shows the profit or loss over food for the entire year. In considering cost of food, the entire amount consumed by the ani- mal during the “whole year is taken, and not simply the portion eaten while in lactation. 284 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. TABLE II, Return for} Food cost | Food cost/Total value} Profit Number of cows. Nate : ales Toss ee $1.00 of | for 100 for 1 0 over . : ; z food. lbs. milk. | lb. butter.| products. food. Rees cette ache nase $64 59 $11 43 $39 23 $1 93 $0 54 $0.121 $76 02 $36 79 : 57 18 8 89 29 00 2 27 52 101 66 07 37 07 84 34 12 98 36 71 2 65 45 087 97 32 60 61 65 93 11 38 38 47 2 01 54 117 77 31 38 87 9 66 1 93 | 21 47 54 1 78 444 11 59 — 9 88 86 64 12 17 38 52 2 56 50 088 98 81 60 29 63 39 12 29 31 18 2 42 40 098 75 68 44 50 54 12 7 67 33 02 1 87 68 122 61 79 28 77 57 32 10 06 39 29 7G 62 135 67 38 28 09 60 79 9 80 36 30 1 94 59 119 70 59 34 29 5L 12 8 67 26 64 2 24 49 .104 59 79 DOMED 62 29 11 30 31 76 2 31 44 121 73 59 41 83 72 15 11 61 36 45 2 29 50 -161 83 76 47 31 65 22 11 88 34 29 2 24 46 -105 77 10 42 81 48 68 8 70 31 28 1 83 57 .128 57 38 26 10 47 46 8 23 29 09 1.91 56 122 55 69 26 60 66 11 10 99 32 42 2 37 47 098 77 10 44 68 61 80 11 35 29 14 2 51 41 094 73 15 44 01 58 64 9 93 32 65 2 10 52 111 68 57 35 92 55 46 8 99 34 51 1 87 61 124 64 45 29 94 Average for herd........ $59 64 $10 01 $33 07 $2 11 $0 52 $0.110 $69 65 $36 58 The above table shows that the value of butter produced by a single cow ranges from $9.66 to $86.64, the average being $59.64. The value of skim milk ranges from $1.93 to $12.98 with an average of $10.01. The average total value of products is $69.65. Of this sum $33.07 was paid out as the average cost of maintaining a cow for the year, leaving a profit of $36.58 for each animal. That the prices allowed for butter and skim milk are not too high is shown by the fact that the milk produced by the herd would have given an equal profit on the basis of condensery prices. The highest return per cow per dollar invested in food was $2.65 while the herd average was $2.11. The food cost for 100 lbs. of milk was 52c, and for a pound of but- tematic: The average food cost for every pound of butter-fat, while not given in the table, was 12.838c. In proof of the fact that the herd has produced both milk and butter economically the reader is referred to Henry’s Feeds and Feeding, section 689, where he gives the averages of herds reported by Wing of Cornell Station, Haecker of Minnesota Station, Soule of Missouri Station, and Linfield of Utah Station. The average cost of 100 pounds of milk at the four stations for the year was 55c and the cost of one pound of fat was 13.3c, while the average cost of 100 pounds of milk as shown by the table above has been 52¢ and the cost of one pound of fat 12.838c, al- though the schedules of prices of feeds reported in the four tests are considerably lower than those adopted here. A STUDY OF GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS. Upon examination of the records of the several cows one is able to to arrange them into four somewhat general groups or classes. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 285 The first group is composed of two cows, Nos. 13 and 17, each giving nearly 8,000 pounds of milk, making approximately 425 pounds of but- ter, with a profit of $60.00. There are eight cows in the second group, each giving approximately 7,000 pounds of milk, making 325 pounds of butter, with an average profit of over $40.00. In the third group there are nine animals giving between 5,000 and 6,000 pounds of milk, making approximately 275 pounds of butter, with a profit of $30.00. The fourth group is composed of a single cow, No. 16, giving only 1,200 pounds of milk, making less than 50 pounds of butter, and being kept at a loss of $9.88. For convenience in comparison these groups are shown in the follow- ing tables. GROUP I. Pounds of Pounds of Cost of Value of Profit over Number of cow. whole milk. butter. food. products. food. One oot CRBC CDRS S AOE Aca RN Oe RCe on aera 8,113 422 $36 71 $97 32 $60 61 1 SEIS RSIS ie ae 2 re ea eee Ga ea Pe 7,607 433 38 52 98 81 60 29 (Weg heaped oCOMAGFOOE CHT EnC APC De 7,860 427.5 $37 61 $98 06 $60 45 GROUP IV. | Pounds of | Pounds of Cost of Value of Loss under Number of cow. whole milk. butter. food. products. food. UD) snansamocneducansaeudons cophaon coUGoSobopEnUnsE 1,205 48 $21 47 $11 59 $9 88 Group IV is intentionally placed after Group I not to show the strik- ing contrast, however apparent the contrast may be, but to enable the reader to take the average of the two groups. If the average of the three cows which make up these groups be obtained it will be as follows: Pounds of Pounds of Cost of Value of Profit over whole milk. butter. food. products. food. 5,641 301 $32.23 $69.24 $36.94 The average for the same items for the whole herd is: Pounds of Pounds of Cost of Value of Profit over whole milk. butter. ood. products. food. 6,259 298.25 $33.07 $69.65 $36,58 These averages are strikingly similar. Cow No. 16 not only failed to make a profit, but her deteriorating influence was sufficient to drag down not only one but two outstandingly superior animals to the com- mon level of herd average. While many dairy farmers realize, in a general way at least, the im- portance of weeding out their unprofitable cows, it is doubtful if they . appreciate fully the extent of these impeding influences. 286 ; STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. ee ee. ee POS mocap ete No. 17. Gave 7,607 pounds of milk and 433 pounds of butter. Total value of products was $98.81Zwith $60.29 net profit. yy. sttiaie congihecti No. 13. Gave 8,113 pounds of milk and 422 pounds of butter. Total value of products was $97.32, with $60.61 net profit. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. | 287 No. 18 Gave 7681 pounds of milk and 317 pounds of butter. Total value of products was $75.68 with $44.50 net profit, No. 16. Gave 1,205 pounds of milk and 48 pounds of butter. Total value of products was $11.59 with $9.88 net loss, 288 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. GROUP IL... Pounds of | Pounds of Cost of Value of Profit over Number of cow. whole milk. butter. food. products, food. DAE Nakata coNaarn ec olTIs alate ROT ooo eae eee 7,259 = aie $36 45 $83 76 $47 31 DO ace aie areal avNar eas Siew biG elosk se ohare ie SLeYS: conte nate eva alake 6,872 331 32 42 77 10 44 68 Rees epic ene o retin a OOe toes arid OR once ric 7,681 317 31 18 75 68 44 50 6 RBS San DCRR ROLLE at CHEM HOA tnConn Oecd secs 7,092 309 29 14 73 15 44 01 OS SRIE. ARH Boxe BS EBSOnO oe ORE CML COS SRBA macros 7,423 326 34 29 77 10 42 81 A aed Pane aOR EPR geet se eS Oy Be 7,066 311 31 76 73 59 41 83 We. Salas sla aiarSesste he As cla Lele le eed SIRs wire vols wleeetaie Pievevor Cea! 327 38 47 td ol 38 87 DD Sirs see iavay Sieh av afew) aisle ole tel sipievorseevere vere. © miarsvenetocteistatetns 7,144 23 39 23 76 02 36 79 AV ELALON se sot cecinaieireirereite caine eer le | 7,206 325.6 $34 12 $76 71 $42 60 GROUP III. Pounds of Pounds of Cost of Value of Profit over Number of cow. whole milk. butter. food. products. food. PROB ish ooo OOH C AC OLA INEE cn AC OnE Ose neere 5,559 286 $29 00 $66 07 $37 07 De oe Sea ee reorsmrerav Mer ocartle Saiea GaN NA eS See Ores 6,206 293 32 65 68 57 35 92 ils, Serer rey cease v aa Le uw ate ye yestdhe Creve a ale, aratovatepeseteletersvetelets 6,131 304 36 30 70 59 34 29 Dn te sons ERIS SME IC AHATISCRSISS ae eae Bra ceaioenencts 5,417 256 26 64 59 79 33 15 CO san OSS OCC R CEE OEIC ME oat Hemermanrac aracce: 5,620 277 34 51 64 45 29 94 A aerate oiauc sre Siaiace crak bernie poke Ses aoa lSverSamsiors Caaretews 4,796 271 33 02 61 79 28 77 aC eetreiarcrassee aie al ehste e cleie oie er Sharaoaiertevsyctaschate Pave rereteieetesciers 6,290 290 39 29 67 38 28 09 7] (3 BARRO EaE Conic Ope nasousocsbossonedeo5c 5,143 237 29 09 55 69 26 60 a aearctereiatai tetera ioe bia%alets a sve aiG's a ote oreyncalelcne blot vausleie eYere 5,441 243 31 28 57 38 26 10 J RGHENS SrA POO OOEOT OR OIG ECOSOC RIAD OE OCI 5,623 273 $32 42 $63 52 $31 10 In view of the fact that these cows were purchased in the open mar- ket with no opportunity of ascertaining their previous yields, or their tests, their performance for the past year may be considered fairly satis- factory and creditable. Since in their breeding they do not represent any strictly specialized dairy beed, they may be classed as just common or mediocre cows such as almost any general farm of the State might furnish. Whatever product has been obtained above the ordinary is largely the result of feeding and management; careful attention being given not only to the amount of feed furnished and its chemical com- position, but to its physical composition and variety as well. FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT. To enable the reader to answer many of the questions that will natur- ally arise relative to the feeding of the herd we shall take up this matter in some detail, In conducting feeding experiments in which the cost of food is an item for consideration, especially if these experiments are to extend over a series of years, it is advisable to establish at the outset a scale of prices or values for the different feeds to be used. Market prices fluctu- ate with the season, the year, and the locality; but the price of each feeding stuff is usually found between fairly definite extremes. While EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 289 the prices adopted are necessarily arbitrary they are intended to repre- sent the average yearly prices that prevail in the Michigan markets. SCHEDULE OF FEEDS AND PRICES. CNoversiayaes 36) sine arrow. onan ad Aue. e _ $5 00 per ton lanes SM OR oe oinig ei giasn. oo ee src ecsniahsns sea fn 5 ape catia Greene COP: sc. ake eset ere eons as TOOT mite Sree oases ert eat Be esas a Se ene ee a Bia) Utes ae ES GOUVEANY oiora cl oer a Mah Iai ane tasters, he 7a U1 ea Cormeimeal: Noho ts ee ois Less es: Be ZOO SS Oe WU NEAG OT ANNA carrera nls fo natePo ls srere: ccmeiges $800) Sree GPE rss eee sete oreraiin: Suni ars etn ore au sh 20-00) Sere DEIEU PEGE WU Der oriecs eas: wea tpn s silatasietn Os SS OO ee amie Dried molasses beet pulp. .....2.....:. AG OO sO aS GENDERS CED Free ie ot - ealls shee ais siete aises 8 ZO QOL KS! Bees Oilecalkeetren se tite cpap oemesacuaie ce ks ees as 28:00) pad Pasture!f{or season. cae). oe oe. es 5 00 It has been the plan to handle the herd in as uniform a manner as pos- sible, making variations only in amounts of feed as demanded by the milk yield, the stage of lactation, and the individual peculiarities of the animal. They were all kept in good milking condition, but were not allowed much increase in live weight except toward the close of their milking periods and while dry. So far as it could be controlled each cow was allowed to go dry from six to eight weeks. _ The regular winter ration of the cows was corn silage, hay, and grain supplemented at times by mangolds. During the summer they had pas- ture and grain, supplemented by silage, succotash, or green corn as the condition of the pasture, the milk flow, and the maturity of the soiling crop dictated or permitted. In Table III are given the pounds of food consumed by each cow, ar- ranged as to kinds. The costs of grain, roughage, and pasture are given separately. For convenience roots are classed under roughage. By the use of the Schedule of Prices the cost of any item of roughage or grain for any cow may be obtained. oF pi «40 ees 00 ¢$ 90 #1$ A IS 8 00 ¢ G8 FI 99 ce 00 ¢ 68 §T r © «PI 6% 00 ¢ 08 ZI Se equa 00 ¢ 20 FI me «60 6 00 ¢ OF ZI g 8% 18 00 ¢ LL GI 62 FE 00 ¢ 02 ST ae. $7 98 00 ¢ 0S #1. oO 18 00 ¢ 90 &T #9 93 00 €8 IT A og o¢ 00 ¢ 8L FI fe 6c 68 00 ¢ 6G OL < ZO 00 SI FT @) ST T& 00 ¢ 69 ZI A eo se 00 ¢ LT LT Elm. 2h 00 ¢ CL 6 HE 21788 00 ¢ 6 LT < TL 9 00 ¢ ¥¢ FL EB 0062 00 ¢ 6% ZI mM «8% R$ 00 &$ OI LI$ ' spooyjo | ‘ammgsed | ‘odvySno1 4soo [Byoy, | Jo 4so9 JO 4809 TO #1$ 99 FI 9L €1 #8 IL OF &T 69 IT TG €T 60 FL 96 9T OL &T 18 6 GS OT OL LT 8 &I 6S €1 Ge OT GL 9 FI OT LT LT TL IT eT LIS “ures 309809 *pouNsuod spooy Jo 4809 9T¢ SOP GPS LEG L¥E LEE Gor LPS GPS GPS OLG S10'T +06 GPS 8& TRL 0S 002 LYE CFG O61'T *$100%Y 290 96% FIL StZ'T 120'8 (Sq] $99‘ ureIy) "se ss-DIay JO} edeAy J 816 621 €82'T S19'8 eed pe eee eet NOG, L191 OFZ 89T‘T ce 812 ZI 606'T OL6'L vteseeeeeal Fe rahi 4 290'T rt ee eet eseeeeseeeeenTg 812 OZ G12 1 682 9 ett oe eed (GLC IL 962 6F¢ 81Z as €16 1 860'8 ch 961 691 £86 PSL GIG CIT 962 T 698 9 0€ Sit PLT 882 819 i 81Z 02ZT 6LT'T 99F‘L nh se cael PO 69T 612 196 wee 9% S1zZ OZI $62 1 Z00'6 ee ewe . 09 691 08z TL0‘T Bib Wt aim mAs Oe A SIZ OIL 822 T FIF‘S re ad LLP LLY 88 668 Oe 8S SE ONS oe See 886 oe 0 a a 20g Zor 61 86S pee ge ales 81Z 6IT 9z8 T 190‘9 ed Okt FLI Z6G OSF ie aga ene ad sae ted 813 Ost ZOr'T $0E'8 Lee VES, 991 6&2 90F‘T ie ES 1% 813 6IT LOT T 9f0‘0T ee ee . 9g FLI SZ 629'T ee Oa ee Sad (4 SIZ OIL Eixam! 981‘8 re ed FLT LT 18% 006 re ee . eee 8LG Ott F09'T F89'9 cer LIL 191 163 I8F Ragpec Ones : OF9 OZT 99L T €83 ‘OT re a) 6 Est L& Lze‘T Rees oso eaten: haar ae mee, ee ae OLI‘T el0's CT re zg £1Z CSF . “- LOL vas 19¢‘T 126 '6 bia th eek |AOOL 68T 096 SFG T yi RRR Te To ee mer 8L1Z 6IL LZo'T T19‘8 mae” ees ve. GLI L6G 910° T a PR oe rae 81Z OTT 162‘T 12g‘9 cT 96 FLI L¥G CLL ASR ae ORNS ee ena 886 iva 190‘T Le8 ‘OT Scie aig Ml (ota ees tented kt | LLZ cco T Ir ‘¢ ‘ON PON ‘§ “ON G “ON ‘TL “ON “W109 WaaIt)| “Yse}ooong “AVE ‘OSV omyxtu | oinjxtur | oIngxt | omyxtu 9ingxtur uredty ured urBiy ureiy, urely | “M00 JO JoquINN *patunsuod spooy Jo spunog ‘TIL GTA VL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 291 GRAIN MIXTURE NO. I. 15 git 6 bed Ye 2 Fay OL GRR i PRE a a eS 4 parts Sis! ES 8 1H 10) VOR ra een hae AT OEGPES PS) 0 G72 0 1S LH RN fal ir a oe Po Ae yi a Cr MHEET PECUD La ocean. satars Abe ala ln sathon ela gigi nts ait a a aie GRAIN MIXTURE NO. II. Dried molasses beet pulpiis-. 4:0 c. bees fiaee 2 parts Wheat bran ..:.. NAR gh poeta ee en POM en ion (GEIR EE: Dit Me 25 laymen a Slee nae les OP IR en et GRAIN MIXTURE NO III. Dried molasses Pech PUlp ee. so senses soe 4 parts Wiheatopralinen sere is uoiast omraciciee > eet ye ei COLIN ba eo fe ey ery ce gtr aoe Rea eis a eR RS PC rae Gowns mien cis. Jveysdare can oleae aaa a eos resins 3 parts Wea etgss AS. cet aye ee she aeee ne choy oe tate er alo ak ore Sees CVT CRC Aen onenaes Sra: «IE eae eas Pome eae ea Dew, oe hler's i RR GRAIN MIXTURE NO. V. Driedibeetspul pre vets Soc. cas 2 ewikcp acess ee ware 3 parts ABOUT RIGO arse oI ore rele aoe oh ols bee eRe ag oie WNIT tec AEA sata ois eens tis ceeds cuagar cee aera: Gy DiRT Gee a POLE wats sand ho coepiivn os Ceasers hea OEMS 2 eres The composition of the different mixtures depended upon the feeding stuffs on hand, the proper balance of the ration, the kind of feeds imme- diately available, tempt was made and in one or two instances the local prices. No at- to demonstrate the superiority of one mixture over another. All cows were fed the same mixture while it was in use. Some cows are not charged with grain from mixtures four and five because these animals freshened first and had completed their year before these mixtures were fed. | The average amounts of feeds consumed expressed approximately in tons are: GOATIE tee oe es ees i etic lek ie a) bo aha ee Mia .75 tons SULA BG aoe ope tee tee a ote tik bre oS ele 7s 4 a PRAY G5. ah oat oi ae AS Sine a Snr tg) aces eee 625. “ RCETE CLODS: S52 eos 1 ee een Pee eA ee one 7 | ene KOEN Bx saa ete id I ee Ani hes ene ON ee PSU Ge eo tees oi at te ee eee calemaces ee eb eae alae 20 weeks The cost of keeping the herd is not above those reported in the Cream- ery Patrons’ Investigations and similar reports, published in the lead- ing dairy papers. In fact it is considerably less than a large number of these. A detailed comparison of very many such reports with the 292 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. foods used here will reveal the fact that a majority of the farmers fail to provide sufficient succulence and concentrates, and compel their cows to depend too much on dry, coarse feeds for their sustenance. With no animal is liberal feeding so essential to profit as with the dairy cow. While some farmers feed wastefully at one season, and stintingly at another, a majority of those who fail, do so first because they do not supply sufficient foods, and.second, because’ that which is supplied is lacking in variety and succulence. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 293 CORN IMPROVEMENT. J. A. JEFFERY. Special Bulletin No. 34. INTRODUCTION. In 1904, Michigan grew 11/4 millions acres of corn, producing 37,000,000 bushels, worth $19,235,000.00. The average yield for that year was 28.6 bushels per acre. The aver- age yield for the ten years, 1895 to 1904, was 32.13 bushels per care. For the same period the average yield per acre, for Kansas was 21.65 bushels. for Nebraska was 28.00 bushels. for Iowa was 32.47 bushels. for Missouri was 27.68 bushels. The average yield for the same period for the seven corn belt states was 30.00 bushels per acre. : Michigan uses practically all of her corn fodder, while most of the belt states use comparatively little, and in some cases almost none of the corn is cut for fodder or ensilage. This fact gives an added im- portance to the corn crop witlt us. MICHIGAN CORN IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. In March, 1904, The Michigan Corn Improvement Association was organized. Its objects were “more and better corn for Michigan.” It planned to have a corn exhibition each year at the time and place of the Round-up Farmers’ Institute, with prizes offered for the best samples of corn exhibited. At the last show over five hundred dollars in cash, etc., were offered in prizes. In numbers and in enthusiasm the growth of the association has been very marked. Its influence is manifested in the more intelligent selec- tion of corn, and in the increased demands for information coming from different parts of the State, by increased demand upon Supt. Taft for institute work along corn lines, and by the local corn shows all over the State in connection with Farmers’ Institutes. 294 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Specie. sageessgacPhasno2j0epecGgu ¥ 6 a O08 EAA eld ede ye a ¢ gee < | 90708? : ae Fia. 1.—Two Michigan grown ears of Ried’s Yellow Dent. ; ¥) yA VP pA tag Pong rien Lie pth iy, : wreronve' 996999 ‘ 7 raCee ahem ae pascdOwignCOBiiiganNoukaba, BbOKeGdi: ve +43 ¢ roubaceedgmartiee renee coe He a Na ge CREREE LR GE pafennroenr ces GFPAD Wf nfs PAPE er Fic. 2.—Two Michigan grown ears. The upper one is of the Hathaway’s Yellow Dent. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 295 To institute workers, to the experiment station, and to the farm de- partment of the college, come questions something like the following: (a) What breed of corn shall I grow? (b) What are the best methods to employ in the growing of corn? and, (c) Along what lines and in what ways may I improve my corn? The thing sought is the largest possible yield of the best possible corn. BREEDS OF CORN. Comparatively few people grow pure breeds of corn. Indeed, com- paratively few people realize that there are pure breeds of corn. With them a yellow dent is a yellow dent. The number of breeds of corn grown in Michigan is not great, and in many cases these are not pure. They have either been crossed upon, or through carelessness or lack of knowledge have been bred away from the original type. The following breeds are found to be grown in the State in fairly pure form: Hathaway. Ried’s Yellow. Pride of the North. Leaming. Hackberry. Shenandoah Valley. Mortgage Lifter. Minnesota King. Huron Dent. Golden Ideal. Of the white dents a number of very good samples have been found, but names seem to be unknown, excepting the Erie dent, grown in Genesee county. Of the white cap yellow dents a number of good strains exist, but the Burpee is the only one so far found bearing a name. Of the ensilage corn, the Giant Cuban, is the only one so far found. Miscellaneous dents: Calico (turkey track). Red. : Strawberry. California calico. Of the flints: Smut-nose. Kind Phillip. Yellow. White. “What breed shall I grow?” is a common question. If you can find a breed in your own locality giving a good yield of corn, of good quality and strong type, such a breed would be excellent to begin with. With intelligent selection and good care it is possible to improve it in both quality and yield, considerably beyond what it now is, and is doing. When a breed of corn is brought from one part of a state to another, experience seems to show emphatically that one or more years are re- quired to bring it to the point of producing best yields, and then it may not be well adapted to the conditions of soil, etc., of the locality. 296 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. The breeds named above are distributed something as follows: The Pride of the North, an old and at one time very popular breed has been quite widely grown. So popular was it that the demand for it for seed led unscrupulous seedsmen to sell all kinds of seed corn under the name “Pride of the North.” For that reason it is difficult at the present time to find this breed pure. From one farm in Livingston county an ap- parently pure sample has been secured. The Huron Dent is found on one farm in Ingham county, from which it is sold in considerable quantities to all parts of the State for seed. It matures early, is small eared, well filled, and yields a large per cent of grain to ear. The Hathaway, a breed originated in Michigan some years ago, seems to have been very popular at one time, and is found in several counties of the south central part of the State, including Jackson, Hillsdale, Cass, Ionia, Kent, ete. The Mortgage Lifter has been found in Lenawee, Oakland and Oceana counties, varying in size with locality. The Hackberry is an early maturing corn, and is widely distributed. The Minnesota King, improperly called “Poney Dent,” is a small, eight rowed, early maturing breed, and is found chiefly in Oceana and neighboring counties. The Golden Ideal originated in Cass county, is grown in different parts of central Michigan. It is claimed for it that it will mature well north. ; The Reid’s Yellow Dent, Leaming and Shenandoah Valley are Corn Belt breeds, but do well in the southern tier of counties. They are de- sirable breeds. Last year the Reid’s Yellow Dent was matured both at the college and in Livingston county. At the college the yield was at the rate of 148 baskets per acre. The white cap yellows stand in high favor in certain parts of the State. They mature early, are not readily crossed upon by other breeds and yield well. Of the miscellaneous breeds mentioned above, the Calico, or turkey track, has probably the most honorable record. It is now grown to a considerable extent in Jackson, Hillsdale, Branch and Calhoun counties. The Flints are found everywhere in the State, but usually are not grown nearly so extensively as the Dents. They are well known and need no comment. CORN CULTURE, In the study of corn culture, the ultimate object is the largest possible yield. For this we must have: (1) Vigorous active plants in, (2) Full numbers, (3) Producing good ears and fodder. And this demands: (1) Good seed corn, (2) Good soil, and (3) Good practice. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 297 SEED CORN. The most vigorous plant can be produced only from a high grade of seed corn. Such corn can be best selected from the stalk before harvest- ing. Seek for ears of: (1) Good proportions, (2) Properly situated on the stalks, not too high and not too : low (3) With ‘end turned down. The parent stalk should be of good size and should have an abundance of foliage. In Michigan we grow corn not only for grain but for fodder. PRECAUTIONS. In selecting seed ears, remember that in drying they will probably shrink at least 10%, both in length and circumference, a 10-inch ear will shrink in drying to 9 inches. It hardly seems wise to select the earliest maturing ears if they mature unduly early. It would seem better to select ears that mature just sufficiently early to be out of the way of the average early frost. In other words, the corn plants should use the longest safe growing season. At least a sufficient amount of seed corn should be carefully selected in this way to plant a few acres from which to select the next year’s seed. The rest of the seed may be selected, and often is, from corn husked from the shock, but that so selected, should be from the corn grown from the carefully selected seed of the previous year. All seed corn taken from the husked corn should be selected before freezing can occur. ‘ Authorities are agreed that the freezing of corn before it is thoroughly dry lessens its vitality. DRYING. All seed corn should be at once stored in a warm, dry, airy place to ‘dry. A furnace room is good if it complies with the three named con- ditions. It may do to leave the corn in crates, but there is more or less of danger in the practice, and especially if the corn is over moist. The crate is not safe. Fig. 3 shows an excellent, cheap rack, with corn in place. The racks are 12 feet long and 10 feet high. The posts, which are of 2x4 hemlock, stand 4 feet apart. The strips are cut from sound hemlock or pine boards 1x%, and are set in pairs as shown. Each pair carries a tier of corn. The distance betwen any pair and the one above is 4 inches. Six penny nails should be used in nailing on the strips. The seed corn should be placed in rack as shown. But wherever placed, the corn should be thoroughly and quickly dried. This removes the possibility of moulding and consequent lessen- ing of vitality. A temperature a little above ordinary room tempera- ture is suggested till the corn is well dried; then a temperature any- where above the freezing point is considered satisfactory. It is thought by many that well dried seed corn will not have its vitality lessened by freezing. Others never allow seed corn, however well dried, to freeze. There can be no doubt that the latter practice is safe. 38 298 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Seed corn taken from the crib in spring cannot have the vitality of properly cured corn, and this in face of the fact that the crib corn may show a hundred per cent of germination. The relatively damp condition, and the occasional or continued freezing of winter make perfect vitality Fia. 3.—A practical rack for drying seed corn. and vigor impossible. In a recent test, rack dried corn germinated 99%; crib corn tested 77%. The winter has been a very mild one, too. TESTING OF SEED CORN, It is good practice to test the germinating quality of every ear of the seed one is planning to sow. The undertaking is not a difficult one. Fig. 4 shows a germinator used by the farm department of the college. It is 1114x1714 feet inside measure, and is 1 inch deep. It is made of galvanized iron, but any boy could make one of wood that would work just as well. The germinator is filled with sand, or sandy soil, and = ¥ EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 299 Fig. 4.—Galvanized iron germinator, described on p. 9. Small notches are cut in the rim at in- tervals of 14 inches to carry the string or wire which divides the germinating surface into 14 inch squares. This figure shows four rows of kernels in place. Fie. 5.—Same as Fig. 4, after four days. Fie. 6.—Same as Fig. 4 after seven days. At the end of seven days the young plants have made a sufficient growth to give some idea of their vigor. It is not sufficient that seed corn will germinate. 300 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. stricken off with a straight edge, and then lightly tapped to settle the sand. Strings are then stretched as shown, marking 114 feet squares. On the wooden tray drive tacks or very small nails into the sides (not the edges) of sides and ends 114 feet apart, to carry the strings. This gives 126 squares. Five or six such trays will hold the kernels for five to eight bushels of corn. One tray will hold the seed from 78 pounds of 10 ounce ears. Now place the ears of seed corn in rows of 14 ears each, either on racks or elsewhere, i. e., as many ears as there are squares in one of the long rows in the tray, numbering the rows of ears to correspond with the rows of squares in the tray. Take each ear separately, remove four kernels from as many different points on the ear, and set them, small end down, in the square corresponding to the ear. Press each kernel down till its top is even with, or better, just below the surface of the sand, as shown in the figure. Each tray provides for nine rows of ears. Fig. 7.—Twenty-five kernels of corn from each of five carefully saved ears of seed corn were planted in these five pans respectively. A careful examination reveals the fact that there is a great difference not only in the germinating qualities, but in the vigor of the resulting plants. We have, here an ex- cellent illustration of the importance of testing seed corn by individual ears. , Now wet the sand in the tray thoroughly, and leave in a warm place, at room temperature, or slightly higher. See to it that the sand is kept well moistened, but not saturated. Figure 4 shows the corn in place, Fig. 5 shows the corn germinated, and Fig. 6 shows the corn after some growth is made. It is only after the corn has had an opportunity to grow a few days that one can pass intelligently upon the vigor of the germinating kernel. It is not suffi- cient that a kernel of corn germinate. Discard all ears whose kernels do not all germinate vigorously, if you would have a perfect stand of vigorous plants. See Fig. 7. TIP AND BUTT KERNELS. Tip kernels should be removed far enough back to insure freedom from molds which are likely to be found where the ends of the husks have allowed moisture to enter before husking. Aside from this, tip and butt kernels are objectionable only so far as their presence interferes -with EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 301 Fic. 8.—The young plants at the left are from tip kernels,*those in the middle are from middle Peels, and those on the right are from butt kernels all from the same ear and planted at the same ime. i) Fia. 9.—Same as Fig. 8 after four days, 302 _ STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. an even stand, where planting is done with a machine. Grading, or screening the corn, insures an even stand where a planter is used. Figs. 8 and 9 show the germination and growth of tip, middle, and butt kernels, and this is in accord with a considerable number of tests made by one of our college students, some years since. THE SOIL. Well manured, well prepared clover sod is the ideal place for corn. Timothy sod is objectionable in Michigan, for the reason, according to Prof. Pettit of the Ixxperiment Station, that the timothy bulbs are the breeding places from which come the wire worm, the cut worm, and the corn bill-bug, all serious enemies of corn. 4 THE MANURE. There is a difference of opinion as to when the manure should be applied to the clover sod. If the soil is reasonably good, the manure might profitably be applied to the pasture, thus giving the pasture the benefit of the manure. The corn will still profit largely from it also. THE PLOWING AND OTHER PREPARATION. Plow reasonably deep, in good time, at least two weeks before plant- ing, and more if possible. Roll to bring the newly turned sod into contact with the lower soil. Dise or spring tooth well. Follow with a peg tooth harrow. Work often enough thereafter till planting time, to keep the soil thoroughly mellow to a depth of 3 inches. Early plowing and subsequent working promote proper conditions of moisture, ventila- tion and temperature, all of which are so necessary to an abundant supply of available plant food for the young crop of corn. Young plants as well as young animals profit by a good supply of food, and suffer as well when the supply is insufficient. PLANTING. Plant as early as soil conditions will permit. Plant only so deep as may be necessary to insure sufficient moisture to the germinating kernel. The kernel and the succeeding plant both need the warmth of the sun. The depth will be greater in sand than in clay. Three kernels to the hill is considered good planting. If the seed is of high quality, and the ground well prepared, this should insure a good stand. The question of hills as against drills is one that should be settled by each individual for himself. The use to which the crop is to be put must be a factor in deciding the question. It is generally thought that a given number of plants, distributed to one in a place, will give a larger yield than if planted in hills of 8 or 4 plants in a place, but occu- pying the same total area. This is denied by some good authorities. Eby ait. Why not? After planting, harrow at least once before the corn comes up, to destroy starting weeds, and loosen the soil. Our best corn growers harrow once or twice more before the cultivator is started. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 303 After the corn is well up, count the number of plants you have per row, divide by the number of hills in the row and decide whether you have a good average stand. If not, find out where the difficulty lies, and plan to remove the difficulty in the future. Note the number of hills (a) with no plants, (b) with one plant, (c) with two, and so on. CULTIVATING. Cultivate often enough to keep the soil free from weeds and thoroughly stirred to a depth of 2 inches up to the time of tasseling. When the ears have well set, count and record the number of stalks bearing no ears. If there are many of the latter, some way should be sought to lessen the number in the future. The presence of such stalks may be due to at least two causes, (1) inherited barrenness, (2) to im- proper nutrition. CORN IMPROVEMENT. In the improvement of corn the following things are sought, and in the order named: 1. Increased yields. 2. Improved qualities. 3. Fixation of character, the power to transmit to succeeding generations certain well defined fixed characters and these within reasonably narrow limits. INCREASED YIELDS. In improving for yields merely, it is sought to increase the power of the plant to use larger amounts of food and produce more grain or fod- der, or both. The plant must have more energy. To accomplish this end two lines of procedure are open to us: 1. Selection: (a) general. (b) controlled. 2. Cross fertilizing: (a) general. (b) controlled. The real work of improvement in both cases will be done in plots, and as described here, may be taken up by any farmer interested in corn improvement. SELECTION. This work begins in the field of growing, ripening corn. The field is explored for the most perfect ears in size, form and depth of kernel found on the most perfect stalk as regards foliage, size, energy and time of maturing ear. Generally, not many ears will be found coming up to the ideal of the experimenter. These ears are carefully saved for planting. (la) The grain from these ears may be mixed and planted in an area 304 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. by itself away from the rest of the corn on the farm, or the area may constitute a part of the regular corn field; but in the latter case it should constitute the southwest corner of the field, because the winds in Michigan-are chiefly from the southwest, and while from that direction will not bring in pollen from the poorer parts of the field to cross upon the supposed better corn of the breeding plot. If, however, some neigh- bor is growing another breed of corn near by this southwest corner, it will not be practical to use this corner for the breeding plot, because pollen from the neighbor’s corn is likely. to be blown into the breeding plot. At ripening time the best few ears of this plot are selected, as before described, for next year’s breeding plot, while other good ears should be saved for a seed plot in the field for next year. Or, if this breeding plot be of considerable size, it might be possible to select seed enough for planting the whole field next year. This plan has been practiced in Michigan with good success. (1b) Instead of mixing the corn from the several ears, the corn from each ear might be sown in a row by itself in the breeding plot. This gives a chance to study the progeny of each ear by itself and to select the best of the progeny of the best ears. There arises the difficulty in this plan, that the best ear from any row planted from the best ear, may be the product of the crossing of the pollen from a row planted from a very poor ear, as shown by its “performance,” upon this row planted from the best ear. CROSS BREEDING. (2a) Two ears of apparently good quality may be selected for cross breeding, and with the idea of breeding ear No. 2 on ear No. 1. A block of land, say 5 rods by 8 rods, may be laid off and marked. In rows 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 18. The grain from ear No. 1 is planted, while in the even numbered rows—2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14—the grain from ear No. 2 is planted. At tasseling time the tassels are removed from the odd numbered rows as rapidly as they begin to appear. The ears form- ing on the stalks of the odd rows must be polinated by pollen from the even numbered rows. The matured ears on the odd rows are seen to be the result of cross fertilization—are the progeny of the crossing of ear No. 2 upon ear No. 1. Prof. Williams of the Ohio Experiment Station very wisely calls at- tention to the fact that the productive qualities of these two ears so crossed the one upon the other were not known. He practices the fol- lowing method: (2b) After selecting ears from the field as described above, a part, less than half, only of the grain from each ear is planted in rows as described in (1b). The remaining portion of grain of each ear is eare- fully saved. The crops from the several rows so planted indicate the productive quality of the corresponding ears, and it is thus possible to tell which of these ears are most promising, and that portion of the grain from these ears which was saved, can now be planted in the blocks as described in (2a), thus crossing strong ears upon strong ears, or ears of known productive qualities upon ears of known productive quali- ties. Ears from these crosses may be tested and crossed in like man- ner, and so on, as far as the breeder cares to carry the work, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 305 The value of such a system of cross-breeding is two fold: (1) Cross-fertilizing of plants results in increased vigor; and, (2) The bringing together of plants from ears selected for proven strong qualities ought to produce even greater vigor. IMPROVING QUALITY. This has reference to changing the physical characteristics of the ear and kernel and the chemical composition of the kernel. Physical changes are brought about both by selection and by cross breeding. At the present time selection is employed to accomplish chemical changes, and Fic. 10.—A study of the structure of the kernel of corn, showing the location of the germ with the embryo, and the distribution of the starch and the horny starch. The light portion is the starch. The very dark portion is the horny starch. (a) Shows penny well the position and appearance of the embryo. (c) Shows a larger proportion of horny starch than does (b). (d) Shows a cross section of a kernel like (b) just above the horny starch. (e) Shows a cross section of the same kernel just below the upper end of the horny starch. (f) Shows cross section of the same kernel at upper end of germ. the chemical changes usually sought are in the starch, oil and protein content, depending, of course, upon whether the corn is grown for feeding purpose or for the starch factory. The oil is obtained from the germ, and the quantity of oil depends upon the size and upon the quality—chiefly on the size—of the germ. Fig. 10 shows the structure of kernels of corn. The light portion of the kernel is the starch, the darkest portion is called the horny starch. The greater part of the protein comes from the horny starch; therefore, the greater the amount of horny starch, the greater the amount of protein. 39 306 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. If large oil content is sought, ears having kernels with large germs are selected for seed. If large protein content is sought, the ears with kernels having a large amount of horny starch are selected for seed. It is claimed that in ears of the same breed, one has little difficulty in distinguishing with the eye, between kernels of high and kernels of low protein. By selecting corn of high protein content for seed, the average content has been raised several per cent in experiments conducted for that purpose. FIXING CHARACTER. The success attained in this is not always complete. One of the older and well known breeds of corn is rather noted for the number of ears it produces untrue to type. One Michigan breed produces at the present time too great variation in style of ears and of kernels. There is good reason to believe, however, that this variation both of ear and kernel can be greatly lessened and quite readily, too. On the other hand other well known breeds, while they vary in size because of climatic and soil condition appear to produce ears remark- ably constant in general appearance as regards shape of ear, color and shape of kernel. Careful selection is the basis for work along this line. Controlled cross breeding should be very helpful in eliminating varations and in fixing definite character. THE IDEAL OR PERFECT EAR. {ft is not often found. It must possess certain physical qualities or characters: 1. Shape. In shape it should be cylindrical, or only slightly tapering. The very tapering ear is being bred away from. The rows should be straight, extending completely from butt to tip. See Figs (1) and (2). 2. Color. The cobs should be red for yellow corn, white for white corn, and red or white for the white caps as now bred, but all red or all white. There should be no kernels present indicating by color or shape that cross polinating from another breed has taken place. 3. Tips. The tips should be well covered with kernels of uni- form size, the rows remaining unbroken to the end. The question as to whether the cob may not protrude slightly is an open one. 4. Butts. See Figs 11 and 12. The butts should be well rounded as*shown in the Fig. 11. -The shank or ear stalk should equal about one-third the total diameter of the ear. 5. Kernels. The kernels should be wedge-shaped, so that they shall fill completely all space betwen the circumference of the ear and the circumference of the cob. See Figs. 18 and 14 and 15 (c). To examine kernels, remove two kernels side by side from the EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 307 Fig. 11.—A very good butt and tip. Fie. 12.—Two poor butts. The left one would be cut at at least a half point, while the right one would be cut at least three tenths of a point, under our rules for Scoring. 308 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. cob, one-third or one-half the distance from butt to tip, and lay them on some flat surface, germs up in the same relative position they occupied on the cob. 6. Length and circumference. At the present time the standards of the Michigan Corn Improvement Association are 9 inches for length and 7 inches for circumference. The circumference is meas- ured one-third the distance from butt to tip. Fie. 13.—A study of kernels. $ The upper three kernels are well proportioned and occupy completely the space between the cir- cumference of the ear and the circumference of the cob. The upper right hand two kernels are poorly shaped and leave a lot of unoccupied space. The lower right hand two kernels show how the white rice popcorn kernels occupy the space. The lower two kernels are of the shoe-peg type. The left two kernels show the relative shape and position of flint kernels as compared with the upper three dent kernels. It is thought by many that it would be better not to have definite arbitrary standards for length and circumference, but that it would be better to require a definite relation between length and circumference, with a stated definite minimum length of each. 7. Spaces. (a.) The outer spaces between rows should be small. With very rare exceptions ears have even numbers of rows, and the rows are in pairs. This distinctness of pairing of rows is considered one of the evidences of good breeding. The space be- tween the rows in the pairs is smaller than the spaces between the pairs. (b). There should be no spaces between kernels as they stand in the rows. In Fig. 15 (a) these spaces are seen clearly between the lower one-fourth of the kernels. The spaces do not appear in Fig. 15 (b). 8. Per cent of grain to ear. The M. C. I. A. requires that 100 pounds of ears shall shell out 88 pounds of grain, and individual ears shall shell in that proportion. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 309 Fie. 14.—A study of kernels. The shoe-peg type is seen in the upper left hand corner. The three kernels in the upper right hand corner approach most nearly to the ideal shape. Note the unoccupied space because of the rounding edges most of the cases. 3 Fic. 15.—An examination of (a) reveals large spaces between the kernels in the row for } the length of kernel from the cob out. No such spaces_are found between the kernels of (b). (C) is a cross sec- tion of a very good ear of Michigan corn. 310 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. In corn judging the following additional points are considered: 9. Trueness to type. It is not sufficient that the ears shall be properly shaped, etc.; they must have also the special character- istics of the breed to which they belong—the roughness or smooth- ness of kernel, the style of dimple, general outline of kernel, ete. 10. Uniformity. Ears may show that they belong to a par- ticular breed, and yet lack in uniformity of appearance, just as a group of cows may leave no doubt as to what breed they belong, and yet may not be uniform in appearance in the group. 11. Market condition. This takes into account whether the corn is ripe, sound, free from disease and injury, bright in color, and of apparently good vitality. 12. Uniformity of kernels. Two kernels are removed from each ear as described above and the pairs placed in rows for compari- son. Every pair should look like every other pair in shape and size. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 311 CORN JUDGING OR SCORING. In judging corn, 10 ears are studied, their defects determined and charged against them. The score card is a convenient form for use in this work. CORN. SCORE CARD. Scale of Points. Standard. papers Comedie” 1 Uniformity. (AIBETIENESSHLORDY DOs can cites coerce Mere er stere) ave inl levayercie\e Hen (eee RET Lk Bs oa (D) me UMitonmMifyxOf Sx MIDUGE rte tee -tet ple aver -)etepetolnielersr By. || sis etareiceretevand all Sreteratepaeraetars DY SNe OF Gling pAb cacovundoscecsdse 6 Beeodséeoruus saecc St arate ee | ail eae Bye Cal ore! SRS oD ame & Sine SB Etaoin big 5 OI TONS aoe TOMS. hee See ee eee 4. Market condition..-..- 23-25... Ago SRE ah Dea FORO aK Ue eeereeerttnn |Modcuncoooc TIS Seema hele ctteketcterste ss rete ciel sfela evalaMe foram iP aye sr aie) ase! Byelaneees Bil Ereratdie shaveistwtonsl| auetatereretaretes tate (SS ISTH lctge os t0 ORO OG Din Sit O ecIeCeR OIG Guard in id Cacem Da HIG acc carer Bild che neeae be caer 7 Kernels. Cae UMisOrmnl bh yrrcr sects. creole Stark ceesel susieket ctanclato repose toyere: Se Bi car iene ae (Dye Shapes site oti oes ee oe )enia dora nea ame cee ete Bolts Sees ela Teer SEO L Car fers ove th che seyeeeisee ens eke May las Sa a ape eicis eee ayerehe TO zee enters BOP Circumference Of Cans eyelet eerie) eile) oes an 1B) |p crseevanks eros) Meee eee 10 Space. (@)MBEEWEEMCTOWSe ators cle erecsincctyscacicretercls crave qicosiecc.erniaeuls 5. lheacdapiteacts eee GyPBetween kenmels aticobjayacpeta sien of eel ejee = 1 siepoieue seein ie liScenoono gnu loebonD oon joe 11 Proportion of grain COREA ety e crete eye spol sterayen. sydl Nisha tomeiemee oe PAO eno Real ro Ss oi Mota: sites ites se revctens Saslet “aye Sp sere DAES ey cpereetere tte tee oho reRoe RS otters eee lsat stele terete Mette eware ic wehoyeleiond clea) as aie ova aleuailarat Syere’ wis edekare metairoenerkaregs VAI Cb Ye ees an terer etter eto ene oreretiyeter eave otivie aie ays Te ossrel erie isl oro) o: west Gers) osore alo ale usievensvoruisvonsh s eke ease Oar eee Weight of five ears Weight of grain from these five ears Fee eee weer ee eee eee eer sees veer essen sess eesseeseeeseereeeeseeersesesesssseee CC ec cy Proportion of grain to ear. CC Cc ar The following outline of things considered and rules for cuts is found convenient for beginners in corn judging. 312 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. OUTLINE FOR SCORING DENT CORN. Depariment of Practical Agriculture, M. A. C. Perfect Things to Consider. Rule for Cuts Score. & . : 1 (a) Nearness of approach to type as to gen- | 4 point off for each variation from type. eral form of kernel, indentation, etc. (b) -Likeness between ears exhibited. 4 point off for each odd ear. 2 Shape of ear. Arrangement and char- | 4 point off for each poorly shaped ear. 4 acter of rows. FF 3 Freedom from cross-breeding. : red cob in white ear or ; 10 points off for ee cob in yellow ear. Heusen? to variety colorof kernel and | 1-10 point off for each mixed kernel. f cob. : 4 * Ripeness, soundness, freedom from in- | 1 point off for every diseased, injured, chafiy, jury, brightness of color and vitality. or immature ear. 5 Uniformity of kernels, regularity of rows, | 4} point off for every badly covered tip. completeness of covering.f 4 point off for every inch of exposed tip.— $ point off for every 4 inch exposed tip. 6 Manner of rounding out and quality of | 4 point off for every uncovered butt. kernels. 3-10 point off when butt is covered but ker- nels are flat. 7 (a) Likeness in shape and conformity to type. | 34 point for each set of kernels lacking in gen- eral uniformity. (b) Approach to ideal wedge shape. 4 point off for each set of poorly shaped kernels. 8 Variation from standard length. 1 point off for every inch of excess or deficiency in length of ear. 9 Variation from standard circumference. =| 1 point off for every 2 inches of excess or defi- ciency in circumference of ear. 10 (a) Outer space. No cut for less than 1-32 inch between rows. 4 point off for 1-32 to 1-16 inch between rows. 4 point off for 1-16 inch between rows. (b) Inner space. + to 4 point off for each marked case of space between near points of rows. 11 Per cent of grain to ear. 1 point off foreach per cent short in weight of corn, Meson laste} Ws went pte Cine 2h Deets) eee dl 0 ee A eee ee * Indicated by firmness of kernel on cob. + Does not have reference to length of cob. t Kernels missing count as mixed kernels. For Dent Corn ears should have length of 9 inches, circumference of 7 inches, and shell 88% eran. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 313 REPORT OF THE SOUTH HAVEN SUB-STATION FOR 1905. BY L. R. TAFT AND T. A. FARRAND. Special Bulletin No. 35. Prof. L. R. Taft, Horticulturist: Sir: The following report upon the work at the South Haven Sub- Station for the year 1905, is respectfully submitted: The work at the station has been carried out along the same lines as in former years, that is, variety testing and practical demonstrations, and experimentation in spraying and other cultural methods. That the work is highly appreciated is shown by the heavy correspondence and numerous calls made at the station for advice. To those who visit the station; the work is more satisfactory in that they can compare the conditions here with their own and see some of the work carried out in detail, and also note the results. The number of people investing in fruit farms is increasing and, to many of them, fruit growing as a business is new. For this reason and the farther one that the destructive insects and diseases are continually appearing in new places, a much larger amount of outside work has been done than in former years. By going out to the farms and observ- ing the conditions, it is much easier to suggest the course that should be followed, than from mere description. It was impossible to respond to all of the calls but it was always done when the station work was in a condition to permit it. This line of work is always highly appreciated and no other has done more good, or proves more far-reaching in its results. To the beginner the question of getting started right is an important one as, in many instances, it means the difference between financial success or failure and, in the latter case, much hard work and time will be wasted. Considerable outside work was done this season in carrying on spray- ing experiments, the details of which will be given later on in this re- port. This was necessary on account of the limited area of the station grounds and the small number of trees of each variety of fruit; for this reason, it would seem advisable to extend this line of work in the future. The results of experiments are often interesting and they are object lessons for the locality in which they are carried on. The showing of fruit this season was on the whole much smaller than usual, more especially of the tree fruits, all kinds of which bloomed full, but the cold, dashing rains during the blooming period had much to do with the imperfect fertilization and consequent dropping of the fruit of the sour cherry and apples, although the unusually heavy crop of apples in 1904 had its effects in shortening the crop this year. There was a good crop of plums, sweet cherries and quinces, but a light crop of pears. Grapes also were light but bush fruits and strawberries did well. The peach crop was small as most of the original orchard has 40 314 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. been removed and those remaining are mostly young trees of the newer kinds, a number of which died this season from the effects of the severe winter of 1908. A new power sprayer was added to the Station equipment this spring. The machine is manufactured by the Niagara Gas Sprayer Co., Buf- falo, New York. The machine consists of a 100-gallon boiler-iron tank with pressure gauge and hose connections. The power is furnished by pressure from a tube containing liquid carbonic acid. This pressure makes an ideal spray and has the advantage of having no pumps or valves to bother or get out of order. The outfit gave good satisfaction in every way except that the gas is rather expensive, and some difficulty was experienced in securing it when needed. As an enormous pressure is required to liquefy the gas, it can only be obtained in the larger cities. The cost of a 50 pound tube of gas is $3.00, besides freight one way, and this is sufficient for spraying out from 650 to 700 gallons of material. If, however, the cost of the gas or power can be lowered and the supply can be relied upon, it would prove a valuable addition to modern, power-spraying equipments. With a view of determining some points of value in applying plant food to fruit trees in the form of chemicals, one tree each of a number of varieties of all of the tree fruits, with the exception of the peaches, were given an application of two pounds of nitrate of soda and four pounds of muriate of potash. The treated trees were from twelve to six- teen years old and well into bearing in most cases. No definite con- clusion could be reached after observing the trees during the growing and fruiting season, as no effects could be seen which could be directly attributed to the application of this mixture. The fertility of the soil where the applications were made had been kept up by the use of stable manure every other year and turning under cover crops and, for this reason, it is not strange that no results were noticed the first year. An application of one pound of sulphate of iron was also given to one tree of all kinds of fruits and nothing beneficial or detrimental was noticed from the applications. POTATOES. Having a small piece of unoccupied land from which peach trees were removed, several varieties of potatoes were tested, using northern grown seed. There were ten varieties each of early and late kinds. Some were new while others were well-known varieties. The soil was a sandy loam, well enriched with stable manure. Two pounds of seed of each kind were used and were cut into twenty-five pieces. The hills were eighteen inches apart in rows four feet apart, and one piece was placed in a hill. The early varieties were planted May 8th, and the late kinds June 10th. All were dug September 9th with the exception of a few hills of the early kinds, which were dug July 20th to note the marketable potatoes for early digging. Record was made of the gross and marketable weights of each variety. No rot made its appearance with any of the varieties and blight upon but two varieties, Noroton Beauty and Early Michigan, both early kinds, and the first named variety was quite badly affected. Three applica- EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 315 tions of air-slaked lime and Paris green were given to control the potato bugs. Harly Varieties. Those planted for early kinds were Acme, Bovee, Crines Lightning, Early Michigan, Early Roser, Eureka, Manistee, Noroton Beauty, Tri- umph and White Ohio. Of these, Crines Lightning, Early Michigan, Eureka, White Ohio and Manistee gave the heaviest yields in the order named, the other kinds falling considerably below and running about equal. Acme :—Of medium size only; seemed to run small this season. Form long, round, sometimes tapering to the seed end; color a very light shade of red; eyes numerous, rather shallow, making a smooth, nice looking potato; yield per acre 104 bushels. Bovee :—Gave a poor yield this season; size medium; form long, flat, tapering at both ends; color nearly white, with numerous rather shallow eyes. Crines Lightning :—This was the most productive of the early kinds, of good size and varying in shape from wide flattened, to long rounded; color, reddish, with deep-set, large eyes. Promising as an early, produc- tive sort. Yield per acre 174.72 bushels. Early Michigan :—Resembles Acme somewhat, but was more produc- tive and ran a little larger in size. One of the best this season. Yield per acre 159.65 bushels. Early Roser :—Size medium; form long, flat, tapering; color almost white. Is a smooth, nice-looking potato but was not very productive. Yield per acre 107 bushels. Kureka :—This variety proved quite productive and is a medium-sized, white kind, resembling Carman in form. Varying in shape from short to long flattened. Being white, smooth and productive, is a promising sort. Yield per acre 149 bushels. Manistee :—A large, light-colored potato with smooth surface and Shallow eyes. Form long, flattened. Gave a fairly good yield. Yield per acre 138.75 bushels. Noroton Beauty :—A small, round, red potato with deep-set eyes. Not attractive and gave a poor yield, which may be due to its susceptability to blight. Yield 104 bushels. White Ohio:—This variety gave fairly good results. Size medium; shape elongated, round; color nearly white; pink eyes and has faint reddish splashes over the surface. Yield per acre 143.89 bushels. Late Varietics. Those planted for late kinds were Banner, Carman No. 3, Mark Hanna, Pat’s Choice, Sir Walter Raleigh and White Victor. Those that gave the heaviest yield in the order named were, Carman No. 3, Pat’s Choice, Sir Walter Raleigh, White Victor, Banner and Ionia. Mark Hanna gave a fairly good yield but Clinton, Vornehm and Liv- ingston were below the average. Banner :—Medium-sized, white, shallow-eyed, smooth, wide, flattened ; characteristically blunt at base and slightly tapering to the eye. Flesh 316 * STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 4 has a yellow tinge and many were found to be hollow, which is de- cidedly an undesirable characteristic, should it prove such after further trial. It is productive and otherwise is a promising market potato. Yield per acre 166.88 bushels. Carman No. 38:—One of the well-known kinds; very productive, large, white, smooth, valuable. Yield per acre 210.70 bushels. Clinton :—This gave rather a poor yield, yet a large per cent were of good size and salable. The potatoes are long, flat and white, with a rather rusty appearance, which is an objectionable feature. Vornehm :—Not productive this season. Potatoes ran small to med- ium; color white, russeted; form wide, flattened, smooth, shallow-eyed. Yield per acre 123.34 bushels. Jonia :—Productive, medium to large, very irregular in form. White, with scaly, rusty appearance. Pronged, not smooth. One of the poorest in appearance of any on trial. Yield per acre 159.17 bushels. Livingston :—Only moderately productive; color white, with stripes and bands of red encircling some of the potatoes; form long, round; skin smooth, with shallow, pink colored eyes. Yield per acre 104 bushels. Mark Hanna :—A large, flat, white, smooth potato. Is productive and has every appearance of being an excellent market potato. Yield per acre 143.89 bushels. Pat’s Choice:—This variety is especially promising for a red kind. The color, however, may be against it as a market sort. A number of the varieties were tried for table use and this variety was superior to anything tested. It was second in productiveness, and the potatoes run from medium to large and in form are long and round. Yield per acre 195.28 bushels. Sir Walter Raleigh :—Resembles Mark Hanna and Carman No. 3 very much; with these varieties one of the best white kinds tested. Upon cutting them open, all of these kinds showed some hollow or black centers. Yield per acre 185 bushels. White Victor :—Of the Carman type in color and shape, but did not run as large and was not so productive. Yield per acre 169.58 bushels. REMEDIES FOR SAN JOSE SCALE. To answer the many inquiries regarding the remedies recommended for use against the San Jose scale and to compare their efficacy with the recognized standard remedy, lime, sulphur and salt, a number of ex- periments were arranged, spraying from five to seven trees with each mixture. Plot 1:—Lime, sulphur and salt, usual strength, boiled 35 minutes (25 Ibs. of lime, 15 Ibs. sulphur and 8 Ibs. of salt with water to make 50 gallons). Plot 2:—Lime and sulphur, usual strength (25 Ibs. lime and 15 Ibs. sulphur with water to make 50 gallons). Plot 3:—Lime, sulphur and salt as above, boiled ten minutes. Plot 4:—Lime 15 lbs., sulphur 10 Ibs., salt 6 Ibs., boiled 35 minutes with water to make 50 gallons. Plot 5:—Lime, air-slaked, 40 lbs., kerosene 10 gallons, with water to make 40 gallons. eS ae EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 317 Plot 6:—Lime, air-slaked, 32 lbs.. kerosene 8 gallons, with water to inake 40 gallons. Plot 7:—Scalecide 1 gallon, water 25 gallons. Plot 8:—Scalecide 1 gallon, water 20 gallons. Plot 9:—Con-Sol 1 gallon, water 50 gallons. Plot 10:—Con-Sol 1 gallon, water 40 gallons. Plot 11:—Kil-o-Seale 1 gallon, water 25 gallons. Plot 12:—Kil-o-Scale 1 gallon, water 20 gallons. The experiments were carried on in the peach orchard of Mr. J. Lind- ley, three miles south of South Haven, who kindly allowed us the use of such trees in his orchard as were needed for the test. The trees were from seven to eight years old, were reasonably well pruned, had ‘ never been sprayed and all were quite badly infested with the San Jose scale, furnishing ideal conditions for carrying on the experiments. The remainder of the orchard was sprayed by Mr. Lindley with the regular mixture of lime, sulphur and salt. The spraying was done on April 7th and 8th, 1905. Kil-o-Scale is a patent mixture manufactured by the Thomson Chem- ical Co., of Baltimore, Md. It mixes readily with water and sprays freely through the finest nozzles. It is a soluble mineral oil. Scalecide is a mixture sent out by B. G. Pratt Co., 11 Broadway, N. Y. It also mixes freely with water the same as Kil-o-Scale, which it resembles. Con-Sol is a mixture put out by the American Horticultural Dis- tributing Co., and is evidently a concentrated solution of lime and sul- phur. It mixes readily with cold water and it gives little trouble in its preparation or application. Kerosene and lime is an emulsion of kerosene and lime. It can be made with limoid, dry-slaked or air-slaked lime. In using the air-slaked lime, it took considerable stirring and pumping to secure a good emul- sion. The trees were examined on July 15th and again on November 28th and the following results were noted on those dates respectively. Plot 1:—Lime 25 lbs., sulphur 15 Ibs., salt 8 Ibs., boiled 35 minutes. July 15th, no live scale found. Plot 2:—Lime 25 Ibs., sulphur 15 Ibs., boiled 35 minutes. July 15th, no live scale found. Nov. 28th, a very few live scales found; very satis- factory. Plot 3:—Lime 25 lbs., sulphur 15 lbs., and salt 8 Ibs., boiled 10 min- utes. July 15th, an occasional live scale found. November 28th, many live scales found; only fairly satisfactory. Plot 4:—Lime 15 lbs., sulphur 10 lIbs., salt 6 lbs., boiled 35 minutes. July 15th, a very few live scales found. November 28th, quite a good many live scales found. Plot 5:—Air-slaked lime 40 Ibs., kerosene 10 gallons, water 40 gal- lons. July 15th, an occasional scale found. November 28th, a few live scales found; quite satisfactory. Plot 6:—Air-slaked lime 32 lbs., kerosene 8 gals., water 40 gals. ae 15th many live scales. November 28th badly infested. Of no value at all. 318 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Plot 7:—Scalecide 1 gallon, water 25 gallons. July 15th very few scales found. November 28th many live scales found. Only fairly satis- factory. Plot 8:—Scalecide 1 gallon, water 20 gallons. July 15, very few live scales found. November 28, many live scales found. Only fairly satis- factory. Plot 9:—Con-Sol 1 gallon; water 50 gallons. July 15, very few live scales found. November 28, many live scales found. Only fairly satis- factory. Plot 10:—Con-Sol 1 gallon; water 40 gallons. July 15, very few live scales. Nov. 28, many live scales. Only fairly satisfactory. Plot 11:—Kil-o-Scale 1 gallon; water 25 gallons. July 15, very few live scales. Nov. 28, many live scale. Fairly satisfactory. Plot 12:—Kil-o-Scale 1 gallon; water 25 gallons. July 15, very few live scales. Nov. 28, many live scale. Fairly satisfactory. On July 15, unsprayed trees were fairly alive with the yellow larvae, and in November had become nearly encrusted. In summing up the re- sults it must be borne in mind that the trees were badly infested and the first conclusion arrived at is, that with the results as noted on July 15, all of the mixtures used are scale destroyers, to a more or less degree, and the results on Nov. 28 simply show to what extent this in- sect will breed and spread during the period from July 15 to November - 1st, at which time the breeding will probably have stopped in this sec- tion. It should be noted that it was practically impossible to find a live scale upon Plots 1 and 2 upon which lime, sulphur and salt, and lime and sulphur were used respectively, and the number upon most of the other sprayed trees when examined in June was relatively small; but at the end of the season, such had been their reproduction that many of the trees in Plots 6 to 12 were badly encrusted. From this the im- portance of using the most effectual remedies only can be seen. Second :—The lime (25 lbs.) and sulphur (15 Ibs.) mixtures, either with or without salt, boiled 85 minutes as in Plots 1 and 2 were the most efficient remedies tried. These mixtures only cost about one cent per gallon and hence were much cheaper than any of the prepared reme- dies which cost $1.00 to $1.25 per gallon, making the diluted mixture cost from two to five cents per gallon. When the time of boiling was cut down, as in Plot 3, and the amount of material reduced, as in Plot 4, the results were less satisfactory although they were as good as with the manufactured remedies. Third :—Aside from the regular lime and sulphur mixtures, the lime and kerosene used in Plot 5 was the most efficient and is the most promising of the new mixtures recommended for San Jose scale. Un- less the work was not so thorough, the great difference in results shown between Plots 5 and 6, cannot be accounted for, as Plot 6 was the only one in which the trees were as badly infested at the end of the season as when sprayed. Fourth :—Although the prepared mixtures, Scalecide, Kil-o-Scale and Con-Sol have proven efficient in killing large numbers of the scale, their effectiveness cannot be compared with that of the regular mixtures of lime and sulphur, or lime, sulphur and salt, and as they were more ex- pensive they cannot be recommended in the place of this well-tried rem- EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 319 edy. For a few trees in gardens and with no conveniences for boiling the mixtures, the kerosene and lime possibly furnishes the best as well as the cheapest of the mixtures tried. If, however, one does not care to bother with making the emulsion of kerosene and lime, the Kil-o- Scale or Scalecide will give very good satisfaction, if the strength is in- creased or if two applications are made. To determine some of the effects of the remedies recommended for scale upon the different kinds of fruit trees when in full leaf, a number or experiments were carried on. For this a single branch only was taken and sprayed thoroughly with each of the following mixtures on July 20th, with the following results: Time, sulphur and salt of the usual strength: Peach, the foliage was burned quite badly and many of the leaves fell off. Pear; much injury to the leaves, but they did not fall off. Sour cherry; foliage seriously injured and some of the leaves dropped. Apple; foliage very badly burned. Time, sulphur and salt, one-half strength: Peach; foliage burned nearly as much as with full strength. Pear; foliage quite badly injured. Sour cherry; foliage injured on tips and edges. European plum; foliage quite badly burned. Apple; foliage quite badly injured; trees slightly defoliated. Lime and sulphur, usual strength: Peach; leaves quite badly burned so that a few fell. Pear; foliage seriously burned but it did not fall. Sour cherry; foliage slightly injured. Kuropean plum; leaves burned in spots. Apple; foliage quite badly burned and branches were defoliated to some extent. Lime and sulphur, one-half strength: Peach; foliage slightly burned. Pear; foliage somewhat injured but not as bad as with full strength. Sour cherry; foliage very slightly burned. European plum; foliage slightly burned. Apple; foliage quite badly injured. Con-Sol, diluted to 1 to 40 with water: Peach; foliage injured so that much of it dropped. Pear; foliage quite badly injured. Sour cherry; foliage slightly burned. Kuropean plum; foliage slightly injured. Apple; foliage quite badly burned. Kil-o-Scale, diluted to 1 to 20 with water: Peach; foliage quite badly injured. Pear; foliage slightly burned. 320 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Japan plum; foliage slightly injured. European plum; foliage slightly injured. Sour cherry; foliage slightly injured. Apple; foliage very slightly injured. Scalecide, diluted to 1 to 20 with water: Peach; foliage very slightly burned. Pear; no perceptible injury. Sour cherry; no injury observable. Japan plum; very little injury. Apple; no perceptible injury. In examining the results it will be noted that the sulphur sprays, with the exception of Con-Sol, were used at full strength and half strength, while with the patented mixtures they were used full strength or as recommended for spraying in the dormant season. The sulphur sprays burned the foliage of the apple and pear worse than that of peach, plum or cherry, although the foliage of the latter are considered the more tender. The addition of salt to the sulphur sprays causes increased in- jury to foliage and in no instance was it shown that it is safe to apply lime and sulphur sprays at more than half strength and upon the apple and pear this is too strong. Of the manufactured mixtures, Scalecide when diluted to 1 to 20, caused the least injury to foliage and can be considered the most promising of any of the mixtures tested as summer spray for the San Jose scale so far as injury to tree is considered, and even this does some harm. In the report of this Station for 1904, (Special Bulletin No. 30), details are given of several experiments with caustic soda, and of dif- ferent methods of cooking the lime, sulphur and salt wash. The con- clusions arrived at were that caustic soda was practically worthless as a scale destroyer, while no live scale were found upon the trees sprayed with the lime and sulphur sprays, regardless of the method of cooking or whether salt was added or not. At the time the examination was made, the trees sprayed with the caustic soda were so badly infested with the crawling larvae that it was thought best to try a summer spray of kerosene emulsion and accordingly the trees were sprayed, using one gallon of kerosene, one pound of soap to ten gallons of water. The trees were not examined again until March. The results were prac- tically the same at all of the places, a very few living scale being found upon all of the trees in the different plots when the lime and sulphur sprays were used, regardless of the method of cooking the wash. How- ever, there were so few scale that the owners decided to leave the trees without spraying this year and note the effects. Reports have been received from both parties. They agree that it was a mistake not to spray the trees last spring, and with even a few scales upon them such has been their reproduction that many of the trees are quite badly infested. It is probable that when trees are covered with this insect it will be better to spray the trees every year until at least the number of scale present is very small. Little difference was noticeable between the results secured with the different formulas and methods of prepar- ing the sulphur and lime. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 321 Spraying Experiments with Sulphate of Iron. To test the value of copperas, or sulphate of iron, as compared with blue vitriol, or sulphate of copper, as a fungicide, it was used as a clear solution before the buds started and after the foliage was out united with lime the same as with copper sulphate. Upon all kinds of tree fruits and grapes, one tree of a variety was sprayed with copperas-Bor- deaux mixture, and one with regular Bordeaux. As a Bordeaux mix- ture, the copperas was used at the rate of 6 pounds with 6 pounds of lime for 50 gallons of water, and the regular Bordeaux mixture con- tained copper sulphate 4 pounds, lime 5 pounds and water 50 gallons. The trees sprayed with the copperas-Bordeaux had a very characteristic rusty appearance. Apples, pears and plums received four applications, cherries three, peaches two and grapes three. The results were as fol- lows: At the strength used, it is practically worthless as a fungicide. It did not control] leaf-curl of the peach, the cherry foliage dropped much worse than on trees sprayed with regular Bordeaux mixture. The fruit nearly all rotted and the leaves all dropped in August from the plum trees and some of them started a new growth late in the season. When plum trees of the same varieties were sprayed with regular Bordeaux mixture, we were able to harvest most of the fruit and the trees held their foliage until well into the fall. The copperas also failed to con- trol leaf-blight and the scab fungus of apple and pears. Neither bene- ficial nor injurious results were noted from its use. STRAWBERRIES. As a variety test the results were not quite as satisfactory as we should have liked because a uniform stand of plants was not secured, owing partly to the condition of the plants upon arrival. Second, the climbing cutworms did considerable damage, eating the foliage as well as the center of the blossoms, thus making many imperfect berries. The worms worked more in some spots than others and of course the injury was greatest to those that lacked in vigor. Aside from these troubles, the weather conditions were favorable during the fruiting season and a fairly good crop was harvested. The plantation kept over from 1904 for comparison between first and second year’s fruiting made an ex- cellent showing and had the advantage over the new plantation by escaping the attack of the cut-worms. The older plantation was plowed under after the fruiting season was over and the new fruiting bed was cleaned out and held over following the same plan of renewing as last year. Furrows were thrown away from the rows so as to leave a narrow strip of plants. These were then thinned out with a hoe and the furrows were cultivated down. The results from the second year’s fruiting as compared with the first year were noted. The plantation is small and contained 35. varieties, of most of which only twenty-five plants were set. In 1904 there were 761 pounds of berries picked and in 1905 814 pounds of berries were gathered, which leaves a balance of 53 pounds in favor of the second year’s fruiting, but this does not prove that the second year’s fruiting will always prove better than the first. The fruiting season of 1904 was 41 322 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. dry and not quite so favorable as 1905, which partially accounts for the above figures being in favor of the second year’s fruiting. The stand of plants was more uniform and the plantation was really better the second year than the first. The system of cleaning out or renewing as followed in this test and the practice of holding the strawberry plantations over for a second year’s fruiting can be recommended. Under ideal conditions the results will generally prove slightly better from the first year’s fruiting than the second. Among the other points which must be considered are whether it is the cheapest and most con- venient to clean out the plantation in early July, which is an extremely busy season of the year, or setting a new plantation and caring for it up to midsummer, and these points must be determined largely by in- dividual conditions and circumstances. With our method of clearing out it is cheaper than fitting the ground, planting and caring for the plantation. The usual system of holding plantations over consists in running a cultivator between the rows and leaving nearly all of the old plants, pulling out a few of the bunches of grass and weeds that can be got at most conveniently, but putting nothing back to replace the plant food which has been taken out, is to be deplored, as such plantations are exhausted and produce a small, inferior lot of fruit which is a damage when put upon the market. In these old plantations there were two varieties which stood out as remarkably productive over all other kinds and these were Gersonda and Bederwood; Gersonda producing more fruit than any variety in either the old or new plantations. The other varieties which have the best results in the order named and ran very close were, Dunlap, Dewey, Warfield, Sample, Lady Thompson, Ernie, Seaford, Springdale and Brandywine. Other varieties which gave good yields were, Aroma, New York, Lincoln, Minute-Man, Excelsior, Clyde, Lyon, Bryan and ‘Mrs. McDowell. New Plantation. The varieties that gave the heaviest yields in the order named were, Clyde, Parsons Beauty, Dewey, Bederwood, Warfield, Lucas, Sample and Dunlap; other varieties which gave good yields were, Aroma, Tilghman, New York, Early Beauty, Ryckman, Wonder, Corsican, Yant, Uncle Jim, Oom Paul, Olive’s Pride, Lyon, Missouri and Ben Davis. Notes on Varieties. August Luther:—Perfect. An early ripening kind which gave poor results. Small, roundish-conic, regular; color light red with light red flesh. Medium firm. Quality, fair. Aroma :—Perfect. One of the best medium to late kinds. Did not. fruit as heavy as last season, but the fruit is large and firm. Plants strong and stocky, usually making enough plants for a good row. Botham :—Perfect. Mid-season. Fruit large, roundish-oblate, slight- ly conic; color dark red; medium firm and of a good quality. Unpro- ductive. Ben Davis:—Perfect. Plants are good growers, making a nice row. Fruit above medium in size, round-conic, smooth; color dark red; firm; EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 323 flesh dark red; quality very good. Moderately productive and is a promising new variety. Bubach :—Imperfect. A well-known kind; it has been a failure here for two years, but is considered one of the standard market varieties, by many growers. Brandywine :—Perfect. A strong plant maker and quite productive. Fruit large and of good quality. A valuable medium late variety. Bethel :—Imperfect. A medium-sized mid-season variety with irregu- lar, oblate-conic fruit; color lustrous dark red; firm, rich and sweet. Makes a good fruiting row, but is unproductive. Bederwood :—Perfect. Continues to stand at the head of the list in productiveness but is a soft, light-colored berry of poor quality and unattractive appearance. Bryan :—Perfect. Fruit large, medium late and moderately produc- tive. Color light and dark red; flesh light red and rather soft. Plants good growers and healthy. Not promising. Cardinal:—Imperfect. Plants strong and healthy with long runners and scattering plants. Fruit large, regular, roundish-conical; color dark red; very firm; quality good. Lasts over a long season. A valu- able variety if it proves productive. ; Corsican :—Perfect. This variety and Yant, Wonder, Ryckman and Uncle Jim are very similar and one description will answer for all. Plants very strong growers, with an exceptionally healthy, rich green foliage. Season medium to late, ripening a large per cent of fruit in a short time. Fruit large to very large; form irregular, varying from long, wide, compressed and ridged, to roundish-conic; color mottled, light and dark red with very light red on the shaded side; flesh very light red, almost white at center; medium firm; flavor mild, not rich. Quite productive and desirable as a medium to late variety where large size is the chief point. Commonwealth :—Perfect. Fruit large, oblate-conic; color dark red with dark red flesh; texture firm; flavor mild, sub-acid; quality good. Season late. Clyde:—Perfect. The most productive variety in the new planta- tion. Fruit very large, smooth and regular. It is rather light in color, and too tender in texture for shipping. Duncan :—Perfect. Plant a good grower, making plenty of plants for a good row. Gave a good average yield. Fruit of medium size, long-conic, regular; color dark red with firm, dark red flesh. Quality good. Mid-season. A promising variety. Dewey :—Perfect. One of the most productive varieties. Plants strong growers but subject to rust. Fruit medium-sized, long-conic, necked. Color light red, with medium firm, light red flesh. Mid-season. Too light in color for a market berry. Dunlap :—Perfect. Mid-season. Plants strong and healthy making numerous runners, and very productive. Fruit medium-sized, smooth, regular, dark red, and of good quality. A very reliable sort. Ernie :—Perfect. One of the best last year and in the old bed this year, but it gave only an average yield in the new plantation, as the plants did not get a good start. It is handsome in appearance, the fruit 324 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. being a dark glossy red, of medium size, very regular and firm. These very desirable qualities make it worthy of trial as a market sort. Karly Hathaway :—Perfect. Small to medium in size. Not as early as Excelsior and less productive this season. Karly Beauty :—Perfect. Ripens with Excelsior, which it closely re- sembles. Plants short and stout, making too many runners. Fruit small to medium, running very small after the first two or three pick- ings; color dark red; texture firm. Productive but on account of its small size is valuable only for early ripening purposes. Iixcelsior :—Perfect. Well known as a standard early kind. The de- scription for Early Beauty answers for this. Fairfield :—Perfect. Ripens with Excelsior but is larger and less productive. The fruit is firm and dark glossy red in color. Gandy :—Perfect. Fruit large; very firm; and being late in ripening, always sells well. Gersonda :—Imperfect. A very productive late kind. Plants strong growers, making many plants. Fruit medium-sized, and small towards the end of season. Form roundish-conic, regular; color bright red; flesh light red, firm and juicy. A very good late kind except for the size of the. berries. Glen Mary :—Perfect. Moderately productive, of large size and at- tractive in appearance. A yaluable variety for mid-season. Howell :—Perfect. Mid-season. Berries of large size and of very good quality but the plants lacked in productiveness. Kittie Rice (Downing Bride) :-—Imperfect. With the exception of Ernie, this was the most attractive in appearance of any on trial. Fruit large, roundish-conic, very smooth and regular; color dark, glossy red; texture medium-firm; quality very good. Season medium to late. Cer- tainly a promising sort. Louis Hubach:—Imperfect. Medium-early. Fruit small to medium, roundish-conic, irregular; color dark red; flesh red, firm, rather acid. Unproductive. Lady Thompson :—Imperfect. A very productive medium-early kind. Berries above medium, but run small after the first few pickings; form roundish-conic; color dark red; texture firm. A fairly promising variety. Lady Franklin:—Imperfect. A medium-sized, mid-season variety, which has given a very small yield for two seasons. Fruit medium, roundish-conical; irregular; color scarlet; flesh bright red; medium firm. Lester Lovett :—Seems to be identical with Gandy. Lincoln :—Perfect. A mid-season variety which has beef one of the most productive sorts. Berries, medium-sized; roundish-conic, smooth; color dull red, with a very firm, red flesh. A very good variety. Lyon :—Imperfect. A very productive early kind, but lacks the firm- ness and carrying qualities of Excelsior and has the same fault of run- ning small after the first few pickings. Form long-conic, necked, some- times compressed; color dark, shiny red. For some it might prove more satisfactory than Excelsior. Lucas :—Perfect. One of the most productive of the mid-season kinds, but the berries did not hold up well in size. Size medium; form short- EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 325 conic; color deep red, with dark red flesh. Medium firm; quality good. Worthy of further trial. Missouri :—Perfect. Gave a good yield this season. Plants strong, sending out plenty of runners to make a good row. Above medium in size; roundish-conic; sometimes flattened; color bright red, with light red flesh; medium firm with a mild, pleasant flavor. A fairly good variety. ; Mrs. McDowell:—Perfect. A productive, medium-sized berry of fair quality, but it is very irregular and rough. Not desirable. Marshall :—Perfect. Gave a good yield for that variety and under favorable conditions where large size, attractive appearance and fine flavor are wanted, it is a desirable kind. McKinley :—Perfect. Ripens with and is very similar to New York. Plants strong, stocky and healthy. Fruit large; form irregular; shape long, flattened, often wide, ridged and flattened. Color, dark red, or light red on shaded side; flesh medium firm, light red; quality good. Mid-season. Productive. Marie:—Imperfect. Fruit large; form varying from roundish to oblate-conic; color bright red; flesh light red, tender. Quality fair. Mid- season. Miller :—Perfect. Fruit above medium in size; short-conical; color dark red; flesh dark red, firm. Quality good. Mid-season. A good mar- ket berry if it proves productive. Minute Man:—Imperfect. Plants strong, healthy growers. Berries above medium, roundish-conical; color bright, glossy red. Flesh light red, tender. Quality fair. Mid-season. Rather tender for a market berry. ger New York :—Perfect. The description given for McKinley will answer for this variety. Nettie :—Imperfect. A large, late variety which gave a very fair yield considering the poor stand of plants. Form irregular, conical, ridged and flattened. Color light red; flesh red, tender. Promising as a late kind. No. 1:—Received from J. K. Bowman, Havana, Illinois. Perfect. Plant a strong, stocky grower. Fruit large, irregular, conical, com- pressed; color dark red; flesh dark red, firm. Quality fair. Mid-season. Not productive. No. 2.—Imperfect. Received with No. 1. Plants good growers, mak- ing many more plants than No. 1. Fruit large, roundish, oblate, slightly conical; color red, with firm, light red flesh. Quality fair. More productive than No. 1 and a few days later. Worthy of trial. Nick Ohmer :—Perfect. Fruit large, attractive, firm, late. Unproduc- tive. Olive’s Pride:—Perfect. Piants good growers, making plenty of plants. Mid-season. Productive but the fruit runs small toward the end of the season. Fruit medium, conical, compressed, ridged, irregular. Color dark red, with light red flesh; medium firm; quality good. Oom Paul:—Perfect. Large, long, compressed, irregular. Color dark red; flesh red, firm; plants large, vigorous, making plenty of plants for a good row. Gave a good yield and is deserving of trial, especially for market. 326 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Parsons Beauty :—Perfect. Plants healthy and vigorous, making enough for a nice row and very productive. Berries medium-sized; form conical, compressed, irregular; color bright red; flesh red, firm; quality good. Mid-season. Can be safely recommended. President :—Imperfect. Plants moderately vigorous, but send out few runners. Not valuable where a matted row is wanted. Fruit large, roundish-conical; color bright, rich red; flesh bright red and rather tender; medium late. Unproductive. Ponderosa :—Imperfect. Plant slender growers, but making many plants. Very productive. Berries medium-sized, running small after the first few pickings; form conical, roundish; sometimes with neck; color dark, glossy red; flesh firm, dark red, rather sour. Medium early. Ridgeway :—Perfect. Fruit medium to large, roundish-conic, very smooth and attractive in color which is bright, shiny red; flesh red, rather tender with a sprightly, pleasant flavor. Mid-season to late. Well worthy of trial. Rip Snorter:—Perfect. A strong plant maker and quite productive. Fruit medium, roundish-conic; color bright red; flesh light red, very firm. Mid-season. Rough Rider:—Perfect. A large, dark red, late-ripening variety of good quality. Not productive. Sample :—Imperfect. One of the very best either for home use or market. Foliage healthy. Fruit large and noticeably even in size, regu- lar in form and of good quality. Of a handsome scarlet color and fairly firm. Springdale :—Perfect. One of the most productive varieties, but the fruit runs small towards the end of the season. Plants strong growers, making plenty of plants. Fruit medium to large; short, conic; color light, bright red; flesh light red; rather tender; quality good. Mid-sea- son. Quite promising. Seaford :—Imperfect. A medium late kind, which gave a heavy yield this year. The fruit is large and holds up well in size; form long, com- pressed, sometimes necked; color a handsome dark red; quality very good. A very safe variety for its season. Samson :—Perfect. Plant a strong, stocky grower which sends out plenty of runners. Berries long-conical, sometimes compressed; color dark red; flesh red, firm; quality fair. Fully as late as Gandy and should it prove productive will be a valuable kind. Sutherland :—Imperfect. Plants strong, thrifty and numerous. Quite productive, but the fruit is rather tender, and inclined to run small towards the end of the season. Mid-season. Tilghman :—Imperfect. Plants good growers and numerous. Very Similar, if not identical, to Haverland. Very productive; fruit long- conic; color bright red; flesh light red; medium firm; quality fair to good. Mid-season. Warfield :—Imperfect. A very popular canning berry on account of its dark color and firmness. Medium-early and was one of the most productive, but the fruit was small and imperfect after the first three pickings. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 327 CURRANTS. The currants did well considering the broken condition the plantation is in. There is practically no change in the standing varieties over former years. London, Wilder and Cherry still lead, of the older kinds. Red Cross, a new variety, has not borne enough’as yet to determine its standing. Comet is a promising new sort of the Cherry type in both fruit and foliage. The berries are large, stems short, and stocky. GOOSEBERRIES. The crop of nearly all of the kinds was exceptionally good. Frequent sprayings with Bordeaux mixture and liver of sulphur kept the mildew from making its appearance. The English kinds, such as Chautauqua, Keepsake, Triumph and Columbus were exceptionally large and fine. The only serious objection to the English kinds is the lack of vigor in the plants. Their susceptibility to mildew is of little consequence as it can be controlled. Champion is a small-sized gooseberry, which is a good, strong grower and very productive. Downing, Pearl and Josselyn are among the best of the American kinds, and all did well this season. There are no new kinds fruiting. Not only are the European varieties two or three times as large as the American gooseberries, but they are superior in flavor and as they are fully as productive and bring a higher price, they are well worth planting if they can have proper conditions and care, RASPBERRIES. The new plantation of raspberries and blackberries has made a good growth and the first fruit was picked from it this season. It contains the best of the old kinds together with a very complete collection of the newer sorts. Most of the plants made a good growth but the young Shoots of several varieties suffered considerably from the attack of climbing cut-worms, which appeared in countless numbers. Moistened bran and Paris green were used with good results in destroying them. To prevent poisoning birds or chickens, fresh-cut clover leaves might be treated with Paris green and used as a substitute. Of the red raspberries, Cuthbert, Marlboro, Phoenix, Loudon, and Miller did especially well, while Thompson and Early King gave less satisfactory results. Of the purple-caps, Columbian gave the heaviest crop of anything in the plantation, although Haymaker followed closely. Both are strong, vigorous growers and quite productive. Haymaker is poorer in quality than Columbian and less firm, but otherwise they re- semble each other very closely. Cardinal is inferior to both of the above varieties. Black Caps. While Black Diamond gave the best yield, Cumberland, Gregg, Kansas, Mills and Conrath all gave good results. In the old plantations the crop was very good upon both red and black raspberries. Conrath, Kansas, Cumberland and Gregg are four of 328 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. the best black kinds. Of the red kinds Coutant is very large and produced the heaviest crop, but it crumbles when picked, making it a rather undesirable kind. Marlboro gave the best results with Cuthbert and Loudon following in the order named. Turner is hardy but too small. Neither Brilliant nor Bradley have made a satisfactory showing. BLACKBERRIES. Of the standard sorts, Snyder gave the heaviest yield and made the most vigorous growth, but the berries are too small to make it a satis- factory market berry for this section. Rathbun, Eldorado and Wilson produced a few very fine berries. Rathbun and Wilson seem to be identical. The canes are quite tender and they cannot be relied upon without protection. The fruit is large, handsome and firm. For this section, with protection, there is no equal in our collection for market or home use. Eldorado can be safely recommended as an all-round berry and is especially adapted for home use or near the market. GRAPES. The grape crop was light and unsatisfactory with the exception of a few of the standard kinds. Some powdery mildew made its appearance on some of Rogers’ hybrids, which are very susceptible to that disease. Varieties for Market and Home Use. Brighton :—A large, red grape of fine flavor and desirable for the home garden. Needs thorough spraying as it is subject to the attack of mildew. Concord :—The leading market variety in Michigan. It succeeds well in nearly all sections and gives more baskets to the acre than any other sort. Although not an idea] shipping variety, its other good points place it at the head. . Campbell Early :—This early black grape has given excellent results some seasons, but it cannot always be relied upon. It has the advantage of being tough skinned so that it is adapted for long distance shipping, or hanging on the vines without shelling off. As a rule, it yields less than half as many baskets per acre as Concord. Delaware:—As a high-class dessert grape, the Delaware holds first place and is equally valuable for both home use and market. Under favorable conditions it often equals Concord in yield and brings a higher price per basket. Diamond :—This white variety ranks fully up to Niagara as grown here. Desirable for both home and market. Guinevra:—A large and productive white grape. Bunches and ber- ries large. It is subject to the attack of anthracnose and requires thor- ough spraying. Moores Early:—An early ripening black grape that is valuable for nearby markets and home use. It is tender-skinned for long distance shipping. Niagara :—The leading white grape but is much more susceptible to black rot than the Diamond. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 329 Ulster :—This is a medium-late variety for the garden. It is very productive, but it does not always ripen its fruit evenly. The bunches are medium-sized, short, compact; berries medium in size, red, very sweet. Winchell :—A small, early, white grape of very good quality. Produc- tive and on account of its earliness is especially desirable for home use. CHERRIES. The crop was very good on most of the sweet kinds but lighter than usual on the sour varieties. The season was an unusually hard one upon the foliage, judging from the many inquiries which came to the sta- tions from the different sections regarding the falling of the foliage dur- ing the last of June and early July before the fruit ripened. The sour kinds such as Early Richmond, Montmorency and English Morello were especially injured by the leaf-blight. It is needless to state that these trees were not sprayed or at least the work was not properly done. At the Station the regular spraying for fungi and insects was attended with the usual good results in holding the foliage upon all varieties. No difference was noted in the health of the foliage between ‘trees sprayed early with copper sulphate solution (2 Ibs. to 50 gallons of water) and those sprayed just before the blossoms opened with Bordeaux mixture. All the trees were sprayed three times; two applications of Bordeaux mixture being given after the blossoms had fallen. Sweet Varieties. The kinds which bore full crops this season were Napoleon, Windsor, Yellow Spanish, Rockport, Ida and Coe; while Early Purple, Mezel, Gov. Wood, Tartarian and Badacsony gave nearly full crops. Those that have been most satisfactory for commercial purposes are Napoleon of the light-fleshed, and Windsor as a dark-fleshed variety. Others which have given very good results and are considered valuable kinds are Yellow Spanish, Black Tartarian, Ida and Governor Wood. Kirt- land Mary and Rockport are also two very good kinds. Plymouth is a newer light-fleshed variety which is proving to be productive, but the cherries are too small to make the best market kind. Dikeman is a new dark-fleshed kind which seems to lack size as yet. Dukes. Montrueil stands at the head with these kinds. Other varieties of merit are Carnation, Eugenie, May Duke and Magnifique. Morellos. Those that gave the heaviest crop were Minnesota, Montmorency, Suda and Northwest. The varieties which have given the best results for a number of years are Montmorency and Suda. Other kinds which have given good results are Dyehouse, Early Richmond, Weir No. 2 and King Amarelle. The Minnesota is a dark-fleshed kind which has proved fairly productive and with a different soil and a location more suitable for it, it might prove a valuable kind. 42 330 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. PEACHES. The older trees have all been removed and those on the grounds at present range from one to five years old with the exception “of four or five varieties and there is only one tree of some of these. Nearly all of the trees of bearing age bloomed full and at first it looked as though there was going to be a large crop, but most of the fruit dropped in June and the crop on most varieties was quite small. Spraying for Leaf-Curl. Sulphate of copper has always been found effective against leaf-curl, an last spring a number of trees were sprayed with sulphate of iron, 2 pounds to 50 gallons, before the buds started and other trees of the same varieties were sprayed with copper sulphate, 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water. The results were that some varieties showed no leaf- pat while others showed a small number of diseased leaves on the tree sprayed with the sulphate of iron, but none when sprayed with copper sulphate. Although it gave better results against leaf-curl than with the other diseases, sulphate of iron cannot be recommended as a fungi- cide in the place of copper sulphate. In one block the trees were sprayed with lime, sulphur and salt, except two that were left unsprayed to note the results. The trees sprayed showed no diseased foliage while those unsprayed had a considerable amount of leaf-curl, indicating that the above wash is a reliable remedy for leaf-curl. In fact, although the expense of the sulphur and lime mixture would prevent its use for this purpose only, if the trees are infested with the San Jose scale one application will suffice for both. The varieties that made the best showing were Triumph, Brunson, Waddell and McIntosh. Triumph is the earliest yellow variety, but is rather small and inclined to rot. Brunson is similar to Kalamazoo and is a valuable, medium late sort. Waddell is a very hardy and productive, white peach, ripening about August 15. It is of good size and quality but rather tender in texture for shipment. McIntosh is one of the newer kinds and is proving very hardy in bud, but is white-fleshed and hence of doubtful value. The following are the more promising of the new varieties: Admiral Dewey :—The earliest, yellow freestone. It is of good size, yellow, with a handsome red cheek; flesh yellow, of fair texture and flavor. It seems to be larger and less subject to rot than Triumph but is slightly later in ripening. It appears to be quite hardy and if suf- ficiently productive it will be a valuable sort. Emma:—aA large, yellow, handsome freestone, ripening the last of September, which seems to be a promising variety. Frances, Worth and Matthews are all large, yellow freestones ripen- ing a few days in advance of Emma. While they appear to be desirable sorts, further trial will be needed to determine their comparative merits. Banner :—Ripens with Smock. Although slightly smaller than that variety, it is of better flavor and appearance and even more honda and productive. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. Biel Welch :—A large, handsome, yellow freestone ripening in early Octo- ber on young trees. It promises to be a valuable late sort. PLUMS. The plums made the best showing of any of the tree fruits, many of the varieties requiring heavy thinning to keep the limbs from break- ing. The spraying to control the curculio and brown rot was attended with the usual good results. One of the most marked examples of the value of Bordeaux mixture in controlling brown rot on the plum was shown this season in the test between copper sulphate and lime, or the regular Bordeaux mixture, and sulphate of iron and lime, the latter showing practically no benefit. In another experiment a number of trees were sprayed before the buds started with copper sulphate solu- tion, using 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, and check trees of the same varieties were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture just before the blossoms opened. There was no noticeable difference in fruit or foliage between the trees upon which the different mixtures were used. The varieties which gave the heaviest yields. this season were Lombard, Monarch, Coe, Field, Archduke, Grandduke, Spaulding, Agen, Burbank No. 7, Hungarian, Kingston and Middleburg. Many other varieties gave par- tial crops. New Varieties. Three varieties fruited for the first this season: October Purple:—Received in 1900 from D. Wiley and Co., New York. A Japan plum originated by Luther Burbank of Santa Rosa, California. Fruit large, roundish, slightly conical; color purplish with numerous yellow dots. Flesh yellow, clinging to the stone, firm; flavor sweet, pleasant. Ripe September 20. Its large size, handsome appear- ance, good quality and late ripening make this a very promising new variety. Apple:—Received in bud from Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Mo., in 1900. A small, red, Japan plum; form oval; tapering to the apex; tex- ture tender, juicy, with a pleasant, vinous flavor; flesh yellow, semi- cling. Ripe August 15. Foote:—Of the Damson type, being larger than Shropshire and re- sembling French Damson in color, shape and size. Form roundish-ob- long; color black, with blue bloom; texture firm; flesh rather dry, greenish-yellow. Cling; pit small, oval. Ripe September 5. Requires further trial. The following varieties have given the best results for home and mar- ket purposes: Japan Varieties. Red June, Abundance, Burbank and Satsuma, Climax and October Purple. The two last named are among the most promising new kinds of this type of plums, 332 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. European Plums. In this class the more desirable are Field, Bradshaw, Lombard, Fellen- burg, Giant: Prune, Shropshire Damson, French Damson, Archduke, Black Diamond, Kingston, Grank Duke, Bavay and Monarch. Other varieties which might be added to the list are: Lincoln, Murdy, Yellow Egg, Spaulding, Columbia and Coe. These are given in about the order of their ripening, and all have proven valuable. PEARS. The pear crop was very good considering the heavy crop of 1904. Some of the newer kinds that bore last year failed to fruit this season. All of the trees were sprayed the same as the apples for the scab and worms; three times for the early kinds and four for the late, and the results were very satisfactory. The pear psylla made its appear- ance again this season and was treated with kerosene emulsion, using kerosene one gallon, soap one pound and water ten gallons. In making the emulsion as strong as this, however, care should be taken to have it thoroughly emulsified, otherwise it will separate and burn the foliage. It would be better to recommend for general use one gallon of oil to twelve of water. The treatment, which was made soon after the leaves appeared, was quite effectual. Spraying. A few trees were sprayed with copper sulphate solution, using 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, before growth started and trees of the same varieties were left unsprayed until blossoms began to show color when they were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. The copper sulphate failed to control the leaf-blight as well as the Bordeaux mixture, although there was but a small number of diseased leaves upon any of the trees. Several trees were sprayed in April with sulphate of iron (2 Ibs. to 50 gallons of water) and afterwards, just before the blossoms opened and again after they had fallen, they received an ap- plication of sulphate of iron and 6 pounds of lime in 50 gallons of water. Other trees of the same varieties were sprayed with the regular Bordeaux mixture. No scab made its appearance on any of the trees treated with either mixture, but leaf-blight was quite plentiful upon two varieties sprayed with the sulphate of iron solution. As a fungicide the sulphate of iron upon pears, as upon other fruits, is practically worthless. Varieties. Nothing new has developed to change the standing of the varieties recommended in previous reports. Of the newer kinds, Conference is especially recommended as worthy of trial for both home use and mar- ket. Danas Hovey, although an old sort, is but little known, but it is a productive variety and on account of its flavor and keeping qualities should be in more of our commercial orchards and gardens. The follow- ing varieties have been tested and will be desirable in most sections, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 333 They ripen in the order named: Giffard, Clapp Favorite, Bartlett, Flem- ish, Howell, Bosc, Seckel, Angouleme, Danas Hovey, Kieffer. Anjou and Sheldon would be valuable market varieties, but they are very slow in coming into bearing. APPLES. The apple crop was lighter than for some years past, although quite a number of varieties bore full or nearly full crops of fine fruit. sauce cae orale rope PO eae ue oS I WE eels eee Franklin, Oakland County. TIVO ORI CE) Eth ih Se ee RRC 5, tt Ne Ts bot bh Romeo, Macomb County. ONMaeAr SE Ofna’ eerie seach oe eso ete aii She roate cess Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County. A OHI SES V CLUS OM apo ay sk venae a nai ad is Js Sota la to lorraslaitaye cae letoreters roksite Port Huron, St. Clair County. Wires Custard sat ons eee tac sic aSie ns see ees eas Mendon, St. Joseph County. Wey Ears SOV GIN. ates pie ietaregei eo her aer ere slate Meitem a a wie a ee West Bay City, Bay County. Warne Da WSO. rere a ate CW ce, shred Ie who aga at ov ehench anaes Sanilac Centre, Sanilac County. AUSeR ES ER TCO or zeg ato 2ooc- 5 «ce nose eee 978 ow ilson Hardy: of* Livingstom county +s.5 2)... 3b date lee 118 (hos: M: Sattler'of Jackson, county +x... #2 \ictnca)- ae pees e 115 Herbert EH: Powell.of loniz comity 22): ties -. J ie eee ee 977 Hezekiah Ru Dewey of Genesee county 2... 62. 62 de as eee 116 Waliam WW Collier of Oakland county 22). 2726 ees ae oe 1,094 Henry: FL Hinds‘of.Montealm county... fii e232 ao eee 8 114 iByrew-h. tall ef St. Claw county 22s ss- Ae ee 1,090 Fremont... Skeels.of ‘Wexford ‘county ics. .oestoie. 25. 2: 118 Alfred :J= Doherty ‘of Clareycounty. S2s3).2022:. S3b eee see 975 Lorenzo W. Barnes of Shiawassee county ................. 116 rank, Bb. .Ranstord' of Tuscola, county}. 2.12.22 Sec eteaice 973 Charles A; Waldron of “Lenawee county ........ 202 -2...%% LAG David D.. Aitken of Genesee county .............2..0000e0- 974 penn, Marshall: of;'Ruscola: county: 4 ,.jscs<. 225-43 bene ees 118 hey B-'Taftiof Ingham ‘connty: o> .2e >. os ee Picts tise laws ot Si rank 7H; bessiter of Oakland comntyds.te 2A: hie eke ones 118 Geo. B. Horton of Lenawee county <2... 72 vii ite ae eee 967 Henry Bowen of benawee county. 0. 7c6 Sas eee oe eae 5 William J. Terney of Roscommon county .................. 975 At 5 o’clock p. m. said polls were closed and a canvass of the votes cast was made by the inspectors and Eugene Fifield, president of the society, the result of which is above set forth. The said election was conducted fair, and according to law, and regu- lations of the society. LESTER E. WISE, f J. W. COCHRANE, J. E. RICE, EUGENE FIFIELD, Inspectors of Election. President. Correct: I. H. BUTTERFIELD, Secretary. On Wednesday, September 13th, by invitation of the art superintend- ent and committee, exercises were held in the Michigan building and busts of J. L. Hudson, Mayor Codd and I. H. Butterfield were presented the society, Hon. W. C. Maybury making the presentation address, and speech of acceptance by President Eugene Fifield. MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 347 Hon. Henry Chamberlain, of Three Oaks, the only living member of the society who took part in its organization in 1849, being present as guest of the society, was invited to address the meeting. Mr. Chamberlain responded as -follows: ADDRESS OF MR. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen—With my father’s family, nearly sixty-two years ago, I came to the southwestern part of Michi- gan. e In the township in which I settled it was heavily timbered, the stumps yet standing in all the clearings and girdled trees were yet standing on all the cultivated lands. With a few exceptions there were no highways; we followed blazed trails or rode in wagons drawn by oxen over corduroy roads. I planted my first corn in Michigan in the spring of 1844. The tim- ber had been cut in winter and the brush burned in the spring. We planted the corn with axes, with the logs lying upon the ground. We cut down the weeds with a heavy hoe, and gathered in due time reason- able crops. Threshing was done with a flail or the grain was tramped out by horses. The small grain was cut with a sickle or cradle. We knew nothing of the modern improved implements of husbandry which are upon the farms today. But skipping the preliminaries and getting down to the point. I was elected in 1848 a member of the legislature which assembled at Lan- sing in January, 1849. It was the second legislature which had as- sembled at Lansing. Lansing was then in a primitive state, the capital having been established there only two years before, when there was but one house and a sawmill in the township. With the exception of a few people who were residing there, the leg- islature made up the larger portion of the population. Governor Ran- son who had been a judge on the bench was the owner of a fine farm lying within the present limits of the city of Kalamazoo and was taking great interest in the improvement of the agricultural industry of Mich- igan. There were several preliminary meetings to talk over the question of forming a State agricultural society, which finally resulted in a meet- ing held on March 7, 1849, at which it was voted to organize. Gov. Ranson was presiding and I was secretary of the meeting. It happened to be on the twenty-fifth anniversary of my birthday. St. Patrick’s day in the morning. The important question at that meeting aside from deciding to organ- ize was whether to hold a fair that year or not. During the meeting Lieut. Goy. Fenton, who was not only an able man, but an eloquent orator, opposed holding a fair. At the conclusion of his remarks everything was quiet. I heard a little rap on the desk behind me. Gov. Ranson, knowing that I had taken an interest in having the fair held that year, plainly intimated to me that I had better answer, which I did and it was voted to hold a fair in the city of Detroit. The fair was held on the Cass farm and it is probable that any school district in a settled part of Michigan could today make a better exhibit than was there shown. 348 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. With two or three exceptions I have attended all the State fairs that have been held since that time, and have seen the growth and increase of value in products of the farms of this State. One principal cause why we have not been more successful has been the moving from place to place and the heavy expenses incident thereto. The fair now being permanently located in Detroit, much to my satis- faction, I have reason to believe that it will meet with the approbation of the farmers of Michigan, and continue to be a great success. (Ap- plause. ) A vote of thanks was extended to Mr. Chamberlain for his presence at the fair. WINTER MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The president called the annual winter meeting to meet at the Gris- wold House, Detroit, on Monday, January 8th, at 8 o’clock p. m. A quorum not being present the meeting was adjourned to meet at the same place on Tuesday, January 9th, at 8 o’clock p. m. Tuesday, January 9th, at 8 o’clock p. m. the committee “met at the Griswold House, Detroit. Called to order by the president. Roll called. The following members answered to their names: Messrs. Fifield, Baldwin, Butterfield, Young, Hardy, Dewey, Hinds, Skeels, Collier, Hall, McKay, Hoffman, Stevenson, Custard, Boyden, Dawson, Rice, Snell, Kelly, Winans, Rich, Anderson. Absent—Messrs. Maynard, Marshall, Palmer, Howland, Jacobs, German. Minutes of meeting of May 24th read and approved. Minutes of meeting of August 15th read and approved. Minutes of meeting of September 7th read and approved. Minutes of meeting of September 11th read and approved. The business committee presented its report as follows: Mr. President and Members of the Executive Committee of the Michi- gan State Agricultural Society: Gentlemen—Your business committee being entrusted with the duties of arranging for holding the State fair in Detroit from September 11 to 16, 1905, together with erecting buildings, making race track, and preparing the grounds in suitable condition for holding the fair, beg leave to submit the following report: It is well understood by all of you that the president and business committee were authorized to make a loan of one hundred thousand dollars for this purpose. Arrangements were made with the Union Trust Company, of Detroit, to sell one hundred thousand dollars in bonds, secured by first mortgage on the real estate of this society, interest at five per cent, payable semi-annually. Eighty-five thousand dollars of the bonds were sold by the Union Trust Company and a loan of fifteen thousand dollars was consummated with the Kalamazoo National Bank at six per cent, due October 1, 1906, with fifteen thou- sand dollars in bonds as collateral security to the loan, thus making MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 349 the Michigan State Agricultural Society one of the bond holders to the extent of fifteen thousand dollars. It was found when we acquired the fifty acres additional land that it would be necessary for the Grand Trunk side track to enter the grounds at the extreme south side and we were compelled to contract for a small parcel of land south of Barnum avenue thus saving a large portion of our own ground for show purposes. The contract price was five hundred and seventy-five dollars of which seventy-five dollars has been paid, leaving a balance of five hundred dollars for a term of years if so desired by this society. On April 18, 1905, a deed was delivered to the Michigan State Agricultural Society by the Detroit State Land Co., and work was started at once with a view of building a half-mile track and erecting buildings. It then became evident to the Detroit citizens’ committee that we should have more land and after a conference jointly of your business committee with the Detroit citizens’ committee. it was agreed that the Detroit citizens’ committee would buy fifty acres adjoining the ninety-six acres on the north for twenty thousand dollars, the society paying ten thousand dollars and the citizens’ committee the balance. Thus we were enabled to build a mile track. The chairman of your business committee immediately telephoned President Fifield and outlined the proposition briefly. The president made a prompt call for a meeting on the 24th of May when another deed for fifty acres was turned over to the society by the Detroit citizens’ com- mittee. Then work began in earnest. From that date we had ninety- eight days including Sundays to arrange for the fair. During this period your committee met with much to discourage them, one of the important items was forty days of rain, but they kept up courage, remembering their promise to you, that we would hold a fair on the new fair grounds in Detroit in 1905 if we were obliged to do so under canvas. The result you all know. I do not think there ever was a fair ground put in condition to hold a fair in the same length of time in the United States, especially of such magnitude. The Michigan State Agricultural Society should congratulate itself on having a per- manent location in the most beautiful city in the United States. There is but one Belle Isle in the world and last but not least, the only Woodward avenue in the world. At one time during the fair there ~ were ten thousand people in transit between the city hall and the state fair grounds. I wish to thank the executive committee, the Detroit citizens’ com- mittee and the advisory committee, also my associates on the business committee for their kindness. You have honored me with three terms on the business committee and one year as general superintendent, enabling me to assist in managing the most successful fair ever held in the history of this society. JOHN A. HOFFMAN, A. E. STEVENSON, I. H. BUTTERFIELD. 350 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. The following is a summary of the amounts charged to the several ac- counts, and showing the amounts chargeable to the expenses of the fair of 1905, and amounts charged to permanent building and im- provement of grounds: HIXE CIUCDVE -CONTMTILTEC 5,2 sroas ee eral lea ose atetote: aie Ta Sloth Ghote one ae Riar eee rains $539 66 BUSINESS 27 COMTMITTCC 10/5 2 cian eee ene eae eo eee Loe OPS Ohne nae 784 83 OTE COMM ILLES a> Maes, 4 pe ae eee mE ee ee EAE cn, ae ee 280 88 Mesto teSr cOTn Cem a%. alate, 20d Seer eL eo silde osue he Sao t OTT ae SIS alate eres 286 76 SCGHOLAT VIS: - JO CGp sa rctarencvenetcere, otetaten Soko eis fe fete she oueperens oh Sacidbersyahes Ae tae feck 1,662 96 MP LEASUCEINS LOM CE) dro a\cie e otcbs otoeereterc selene s hore ax Sotone lareh sre vorekanGcohahevetele eee eeehene 1,263 12 AO SUALO Mea ar ods coke irsase tl edeile ratios rete none nen ote es Secs oR Co who He POOL CTEM OGIO Neh I ere 299 27 PRUMcin'S; PANO SUAGLONECLY = 1).5,5.4 aterers etka ates tetera aco oats Phe cdr tie toree dyer Mtoe ere iaie Fal Neri SUIME: Bart Ae sa oh yo Riel Ste love ace alte hava one RapcRST PMOL obs. «ope deherahaye tein CR aTeSeueere trates 5,073 36 (Gio IM (>-€ oe) SRK o eens BREE, CaS aE eos fei arieho Sila CG oreo Hes Yo taiat 5,838 94 Meleorap ewan GsLelePMOMe’y svc ars «. sfoieiers-eus arosnlene erate acre EI oie DECI eae: 1H9rs3 RCIA NE SAM Cir ERPTESS! aid sais wo clave Aeeans ai'e tere oie aaMenede erat el PN eM AIe eS tetera ome sie ener 96 98 Diplomassanibbons and! "DaAdsesin «ial sacke shel x relatebenoretote ieee rach cca ete 273 74 ASG UT ACTLOM Sale yates sce falar e forsjek sfayteus. 2 (sieebio taylejrepre vole abla rayayonere en oben canons Reteetay'anon ne ee See 10,010 02 SIEM GG VAX CLS Cy cairo Whe ersyagoAarauelivne’otoie ocensuate ® waasecelensrthopecmoneteva & ot aiteiehonen wore HIS CALE CMG CHALLIS 2 5cs cere cram Vise c ome Se alee wesc ere OE IS Oe Sete 167 16 LOTS Ce CPAP CMGIG sreitieck sensi stale Oleh cab Ghee Ore cic ce eave RN tae ae Ae Cs 68 49 SPECCMPAdaenantMents 85018 Sie A cos lye has ghaye¥a Geral aia) seer enal otek scotols ct aeneoreee 6,515 96 SHES RASA MSIE 0.5 ye a ve ohebetere, aro ie vac sete bon 0) Sih ep ckon chet pans tayayochiehs ohare eich aes 132 78 SwymMmee Cepancme4nts =. % ois 0/5 levelae wns le wh dor oi sus ie lope epatiavae atspeheyetetaues oe weusis aera ceueheienon 89 10 ROULEP Ye iG CPATUMEN Cie. As sists eetew outa el atose harieaeiatas eho melo a eee hn en eele ete enna IT 150) Je SETS VEN VINE NUNS ay Cah gt NOLS) SB eee tas eer Soir ERIS Sichoimis\cucl > Gig hrBie Gong Moke oi 8 72 25. Dairy maepAantmMentoss ati Se wis lebeks, See whe besake the doleteae Shel ee ne eer ee alas) a5) Harm. implements department... sjcis si crecdto.s ie ws spedoberescuas etait yeusie wlexenee ena teks 88 28 WeMClOMGSDAGUIME MG As. Brow. ..cccnjo ous Bee SKeCELS) nails iol dither ee rss atte ote cartes erie e ces eel ones couchenonsnerece tence. theorems Detroit Journal, Overpaid ion Maula cieie cares Hetelwe eye eels re ace ote WalkerscnCosso0verpaid? ony billy oct jstios «Petes Hee eae etek eee oetete AMericana Shorthorn sASsociation.~ Special PLIZES -uer- ocx ne zppeveuee o eeneeoie PNGMASSIONS sO. Ta Me ease oa ae fore wisn cia lonee Seales tatenin tele Deel eeoheke tavele evel stansiateleene Old awl chitssSASOUC esses, ce eee ecacotela esos tile cote eye ornGouehe (ede Steene te tenatene eatua tea 2 Hrombya He keels =collected? for electrichehtss... 2c sec eee oer From sundry exhibitors for electric light... .......ci0..-¢scce0sceeees WEOMeBere Kine. TOT weleCtriG.LIEM tias,ccctce cesie waned cance cela aaeie te Walesa neienenon From rent, office and telephone, October and November.............. IDinGical ViOlaval )diwaiawe Geienveryemyolliey Rowan OA me ceo OG OOo GOs Ce Osa a wigs: Hrompauouis SS chnel lis ayit ts cid ie. acyeieaar ste eager erete, obere. hake eistoneeranet Cena Mromeowis. schnell voverpaidton order) NOswdi6laie estonia eee ae EA OMSIMCTIUDSH STIS cis cce wijercoloumvein wlsteusuatesetel okey aoe Be Sues hen cueoonenena eae ieeeaene COME SEAM ECES: cccrectne: cache eet on eve cals ocho bade @ sues shone Rachel ole tacos nabs senor ohce nen oe rog $170 639 667 00 73 20 70 00 00 80 00 00 67 00 09 75 85 00 22 70 00 2 00 00 00 16 78 MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 353 SECRETARY’S REPORT OF ENTRIES AND AWARDS IN THE SEVERAL CLASSES AND DIVISIONS AT THE Class. if 1A 2 2A 2 3A 4 4A 5 5A lg 12 13 14 15 16 18 i 20 21 22 23 24 25 25A 26 26A 27 27A 28 28A FAIR OF 1905. CATTLE. Division. Entries. Shorcbhorns\-open: Class... the. oes an 80 SHOLbhorns, =] MECHAM, | 4.5 nivel ols oo « 65 Polled Durhams, open class......... 9 Polled Durhams, Michigan.......... Henetordsss Open! (ClaSS nas. ec oe 35 Eererords se -Wiemi Sas s...s08 tn. oo ily Galloways- ‘opens Class)... ..n5 54. 0.e 05% 25 Galloways, Michigan:.4.% 2... <<... 23 Aberdeen Angus, open class......... 25 Aberdeen Angus, Michigan.......... 16 JEUSCYS; OPeH ClaSS4: s ....op oteteiners ate 9 HeEseys. MNEEhISamM. so ceed cio Cae 9 Giuernseys. ss MaGhisan. 2. .se eis ccc as 16 Holstein-Friesien, open class......... 27 Holstein-Friesien, Michigan.......... 23 ed: Polled\ open’ class....03..2.:..0:- 21 FredaceolledesMichioaney. : 2.ccSi00. cissz.ec, oe 10 Hatacattles open? (Classis. cisielesswe< aes 19 449 HORSES. Standard bred breeding stock....... 16 moadsters;sopem (Class. 2.22 ¢h 25.26 18 Carriage and coach, open class...... 24 Saddle horses, open class........... 2 All work horses, open class........ 9 Cleveland bays, open class......... 2 ITAGKME YS: OPENaGlass's./<;,.- «such salvie ws 2 Percherons Open) GlASS asin. 6s o-sheroncievere 2 Clydesdale or Shire, open class...... 4 Suffolk Punch, open class........... 2 GradesDratt Open Classa: seca «sce 2 Shetland Ponies, open class......... 13 Park or combination ponies, open cl. 8 104 SHEEP. Merino A. Wrinkley, open.......... 32 Merino A. Wrinkley, Mich.......... 25 IMETING. BA chy Dey ODEN :,.., «\.isteree ta dielenns 38 Merino Bs shy pe: MiICH . 2 s: ONEVCie. re siciacteteascsiscersioie roaches ke tee eee nero Winicoltt we Plum: Concord. Mich... sss sac cee create ne tte eae (Uamler Wiooresa JONES Ville; “IWLCHEL ~ ccke cicscverece ce cleeue! oa eievees oestriol) crete’ oheceae Job eehallorasseé&. Son, Anderson, smdiica. 20 sro cpeeleuers arenes cioeis uC mrcelley< SY psilanth, MaCMs cc; osscyc embers avereve oslo eie clot ere ere Wiwhaamessiter, Pontiaes WICH is. cckis-srcu nicotene cele caste erence eee oe NEST SONY a a LaO Well) MICH Sic 2 22's oveceusseeteiefol ve oe eisecene eres ee MEG SlMpson- mvpSAM tL VION ayo + «mc wis ele ateife elie) uevensiane ys olen er ohgeanet OG risbinehecwmSels Mii = cs eieiecic oie aierars osc elache ter eaweneno eka ale lDoAyyitiah IV NN Keres esti eoihaved keno MATS Coon oom oc odnudi corcmoesacocds Geo. Wwe Prescott... B. Ds Noe 12) (Grand Rapids. 5 2% dsp 1D lela yeani topo), ietoapkves Iie a eeeemoaelo oan dobd tonne Schdoo coc He GAP BICKA SIMIOlMNE 36-3 coctelonate texe wisi oud wo dis eo ie GRaRe tte eR Ne tole ee oder Geow Os Hipp; Binmine hams MICH sccc.cseke ee cee Ge eee Woodcote: Stock phanints lOmiay es asic ecseic es niscotelsnelene su sue eusreie eee cae Wid 2 NC WLOM LON ETAGCE TICH pcos creeiess a oeinlorse ave onsuereierciats) teuenspohaneme Rens teee MGWis ING wLOne we Omtiac. MVELCM pep tps \-c-ue eye ele) Roasl oheteusneye -tfenaiel siete vere Howis Newtons “Pontiac? sMlich 2,2) .icvols se vate, sel oie laltenete ee ccste sie aieuekotetenel aise Robta Knisht7& ‘Sons Mariette. Michi... 2 -)...oevs.« cies aM crslciel eve Week, Montzomery. Ellisdale: (Micha... cece eels cite TDS TDS Abavene baal SSI Beet, INC aoe ado tm cas 55 50.008 oblaas.d.c19 5 HY Sh Ineram Ss Deurolt. MERCH. Wc eis o> eee aie eioks ws eisiekouiele oo rene iB h. pingram; Detroit; Michee:.:. cecccotiewen «eae oes ee Dawson i :Son,psanilac, Center Mich erie 2 «c - aebre trios Wins Morzan) Jr-"“Sazinaweew. ©:, sich Ayo)... nen eee Morgan’ Bros: & Co: Saginaw, W. S:, Mich. sas. tree... el Joseph S. Steele, Saginaw, W. S., Mich...........:...... John. W. Worthineton, Oak. Groves... . + 2 si qmvacsisacievereieneen Bs HE sBullock Clem peranCe)-esve do ofa. s eia co. ote a.cteisteeeoreeiepe ets PAS IB. .. DOnGISON? PRONEIAGC ioc Ptehess © cw isis tore hs Rune oem are ee eee JY. Porter, 50 iuincoln “Ave: Detroitacscw:.rdees oma ele ieee es Witaw- Collier; Detroit: 236.5. te atooucs sls iss! aiels ©) |o\\0) (0 (6, © © 0:6) ©) ©! 016) ¥) 0) 0.0) \¢) O10) (0) (8) (0,61, 0) (0,10) 8) 10) 9 Le hel s e] o| u Xe) ‘ay e)/skie! aire o.6\{6, (0) /@)(o \ol\alis| se») s) (pile) =).0) etnias), atvel alumi le) e art a H= bo CO bo C1 bo Ww OO o! @\ie-(e) 6, 0 8) <0, 0) 0] 8) 0) 6) ©) 0 Ju, 0; 0) siiel ele) eh elejilelia Upiie; = =, os se) © pj once (2) es |e lelin) le epic! (80), 0. ©, Ja) a) 0: 10) ta: eile) Jna) io je! je] elinhel'seLwe ee Mrs. A. G. Comstock, 573 Cass Ave., Detroit EAR EES CUNINALTT VEL OTECY « ccteeste opererar ct cretons sleiciclicleresusierersie tala egeyeiel ss ota nce Ca Je eehelipss “Wiest Bram cher. 6 oct ajas Gin cienledraveune srateeara omnis arch oes 1D) dig Rates MIEN Iahitolenlte digo me daa o Foods aoe um tecoU on pects Hiecoryanvellin= tone oless tainend = Ste Get ONG rie) jeiceienen enn terete Mrs. Caroline Masser, 226 Howard St., Detroit Miss Alice B. Lee, 126 Lincoln Ave., Detroit Nibertestoye 442° Jobim Rey St-se DOr Ontia sy sk ricke e)ctencie, acts uted coeenoetaae Geom seven. ae Claire: mV Chit. ts a povncbeasyrgtnctae eucasie seteaeca ernee L. Griggs, 1611 Woodward Ave., Detroit Weel TS ONE MJ ACKSOMem earache st eke tin koeerelerstas er ites Van Buren Creamery Co., Belleville Ave 3Ge Seibert 4 HRAGHiVANE eos k Sates oir aie w cyaieee ocehemege oh Groves Sttaoncnerersuanet mitcks Marcia Munsell, 334 iMerricix Aives (Detroit... sccjescie sue ctojene -epercioreners lawrence \Creameny. «Go. sluawrence Millie. Rogers; 2185 Third: Ave: Detroit visits. Sos oe ore ces 4 50 S: Amanda “Beardsley,vol= Alfred! St.) Detroits? = fax space as os « 8 50 Mrs; 65. t. McClintock: 421 Second: A:ve:, (Detroit.th 02s asec 5 00 Bertha. Bs loys ols Watson SG Detroiter a. Atte svc sjnski sols. oe 13 00 Mrs Wim. R. Bisk: T2959 Baltimore Ave) Detroit. ce eucde once ce eras 3 00 Mrsgebeor Miller: Melani) «s/s eevee sad eis stain tile < cep sls wi Stet cio eS ates 6 50 Grace) Pe) Pettee, 224 “RidgerSt, Marqhettencte: oc. + o.5 = a oka eges 4 00 JEssiesb. Palmer: 224 Ridze St... Marquette soe 7)... ss8ehe.. eee. bein 4 00 Mrs; Hannah Adams 53 Piduette, St. Detroit so. cts esiece oe wiser e os 3 75 Mrseaou Me Reynolds HMowelles...o. 2 teers + ore aaa ete She spats 2 00 Patrick: Milett-7Rs. B.D No} 2,5 Perry. Wich: ic: jet die ~ uelsio eee 98 00 rank: J Horn, 383 Michigzanr Aver, + Detroit isaac tere ecie ste 2 00 ie WereeMouat. South) Havens stato. cece wets eS eess~ ceeeeeas 2 00 OS 3S Mekinneys 7 Pittstonds ss ole oaks oases ete ia oR eet eae 4 44 Mrsi se) Wi. Peabody. 349 -fheodore St.,, Detroities .stnnce. eee. 3 00 MapbelyGuess) highland Park; Miche .'.... ce. casi soonest eee ae 2 50 BH. . Tomlinson, 545 Vinewood Ave:, Detroit... .2..55.0.se00 bse. 5 00 IMTrst: ee StEVeNnSS Keraike Paks 2 oo: Sasa niles sate iale Swe eRe R SH este 5 50 PEOMW COGS CHOOT OM Ww OOM: erates lellare che ves or clloye o's MYetenedeteheelts ates ake 35 00 Carlo -Romanelli, 25 -Van Husent Bld=jDetroitiuss. 0... cd wield 20 00 Mrs: Nellie Cox, .Scotton & McGraw, Detroit: .:%..2.222ess02.0:- 11 25 Milesnde: McGuire G39 We Horta St..) Detroitin...taterey «cla cienetarcitore 12 00 Geormskenes sNOvil> AMC eciccsslepspei ces tasesshssecaioicestohtepe) eVetaiees sane) Se ec 12 00 Je Hasthompsons Ann Arbon: cM Chir sin .:..c vt svcichol Seteral fei aie spaiaters ols 16 00 NelliexRae-, 226 sHoward- St. Detroit. 3<\ yi occcicsaeicites se eeaeimee ae 3.00 ida Je Uinich:. alo) CassiAve.. Detroit... Sim cone nels ta tieiel aake 2 00 Mrst Df hCasey< Ale IMilwalkees Aive:, (ii. sc. cctetie lace cptetehe visitas cters 6 50 Ey nnss ERC CK Sry Genes s acetal See eee. oS Ree is De eae ANS fe 13. 27 OME SOMES) SOME MELA VI ters cs crate ees oie rb tet are ee eee 5 50 Mirssobih abs SeaeTAaVe rE ONLIACs cnc. ee oc sie elet nicis oa thar eeicie euteeue eres 16 .00 MESoeLin Ben SCacr avery Omi aGe acces cite a o/eisteier. « shat oie ere cn ayenevelehereh chal = 4 50 Mis get Aon OFOSS Neste bale WG laps cpatcdeherers-crs oe iet-seyah state ore latte eels tovenstionets 27 00 (MS e Wien ae le WAStenE ONL A Gr itiretaim) notarctstenc veosniets chovehera cumeety sar spsuctenel eneiens 24 00 Mathias Alten: Grande RapidStm oo. ese sac nae cictelelsue ote shorelele!aleteca eae 174 00 NirseeE bbe VOORM CIS» E.OMUIa Crecreu) savels ota orate cirtaveleleinicleie a ciel sist ove «alert acel= 3 00 NEES De VOOLNCIS# pl-OMbIaCr cies oscrcrraicueiot oe tetera iarWeh-) oreavene: ote ovensters 53 00 Peo bs aebe viEevioonres Orchards lalserermieis © otra cranes oo -xnetcrstere ert Slats 7 00 Clarkia seatvles: Orelrandmuialcen yer a ei. cvtiehctans te) a eve ere ielers ereereie leis) =i. 2 50 eh my aleers AWiG AOC ee rai ulterior st atchovocenare lace ahora teas: sigs cleus witeals’ le 60 00 Hrnestine Johnson s>s0eJOhm Ee St. Wetton: os -tclcrse a stele nt ose 4 00 Addie Lockwood, 1713 University St., Ann Arbor.................: 2 00 Wi Eee ONMSTON ee EVOSCOMMLONM,, IVEIGH te ticsre-c le) ctaiebonate- sc )e slave ste ne 70 00 Mirst ees Hee Goldenke Dravierser CLbyis c-croicseteatelete tice creteteretare evcter ole) & otetoys 64 50 Mrs Anna Prescott Grand, RADIGS tx. sccsdictveis rele chains 2 \sts 0 ofeud agian 7 60 Mrs. Ga Ke Wainwricht. Benton EAEDOD.s..4 cs face ss ce tae cements 27 00 Mrs; sHelen Ms “Woodrutt. Reed: City, ilichinc. asc. tice ecctsbste si eueeretats 3 50 MISS Ue iis 1 SLEVeNSs DOLL a mIVEl Gimp ser vlc cia: stevelereteveronalel oletavencke toh Vers 22 50 MissHUe Wily Stevens,, Berbins Miche x cicicis= nie oicharctie ars oreuerclo ot evetlele ravers 105 50 Jems EME SOULS PAVE sh ierehs jc teitee¥e wheiatert roitetetopebereremeetaralsishetioes heads 2 00 Bay: City School, J. A: Stewart, Supt., Bay, City.5 05.2... 00. sce « 30 00 Nadie. Hisham . 37% Stimson Sts Wetroltrvectnc cw chow eve ae soe eee eie ees 2 00 rank Gutheill. Port; Hurons Michi. 1:-. (tote ctete ochre keene eet ars olor cles ae 10 00 Miss; Avna.Meyn, 426. Gratiot Ave., Detroit.) civic disc leces noch esc 3 00 NMrs.= Adda is. Wales 136: Rosedale, Detroltias. avec. tclente-c scelee ses 3 00 M. A. Payne & Son, 308 Philadelphia St., Detroit................ 25 00 Mesewass Urlanrigss NraviGrse -Cityr.+..cceryonstetorateroxe Stent hain Shee te hk 8 ola es 3 05 IW ith eae Tae iva GTC MAION GE ve. 2 sovers (c tatapsteterete ta loreticle geome sal elclaialtew opsveidis. eels « 3 00 Daniel Robertson, Mikado ............sssseeceeecsseesceverenee 26 360 No. 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Waseda Ke Sy: WAP WEL cs ctepershocctexoxele) 2 aad sce eee eee eee cee Wei. Munson Grand SRapids=... oe sete ete Oo een nee ee Newton. son’ «Hart: Miche: <2. Satuiea. «eos see ee eee Robey Ic Dowling, -Coloman a.c.c ner fee ce ee ee On eon W. B: Brown, 308 Woodward Ave., Detroit..................... ele CULOISuee SONS. pM bse 2. cis cia oro ie ie aa a ne oc er eee HW Owens VpSWaAntl vine) so.. sieae Gete.o oeke ite tere Me Oe teeters Gan Wen teskett: shulton:> OhioOxe. seek «che culehe hen eee ree ev. Patterson, lawas’ City, “Mich s.55 Pontiac... ack bcs Goa me tia aes RISE Oe EHS (2H. Mi. Moore, Orchard Lakes Jaana. ee re eee he ieee Hehe eb Me Moore, (Orchard Maken. scis 30 eee Sere He yvE Moore: (Orchard aketie.d a kce ts aasves see oe aoreeree is Hes 6c CH. Me eivioore- Orchard: Walkers mice natn teen He hing: UM Moore, (Orchard wakes woes t oreo eater I Bo eM Moore: Orchard: Lake. .cte sence oe eee erie ere Heese Moore, Orchard tiakes, «3.1.2. eieeieakis Geigek tele obi trace ae Mabel. 1:-'\Cooper,) PontiaG: ...miastae. 0s seit. 6 Fos eee eae Michs Eremilm: StocksCor Davis DULe =n. ecicneniioreeroinn ieee Mich Premium Stock, Coy Dayisbureara. see eens adelante sare = G. VA Terpening?, Reading jail rmis's s/s 2 Sale epetemiet ie easter mane Gs A. Rerpen ine; Readine vas. asl dole ca he evers Oe ae craic eee HAY Mimbeck,” Dowagiaceciis « etiaters tic cats sth ehatees IN Sicectc te aoa ©: 8S5-Bartlett) Pontiac . os. coresekice doch toco manera ee aoa HorrestsH.) Mann, Grand “RapldSiia...micticc «civic ae ae ae Silas; Nive, (ROMEO. sa). 5 wie ait oelekore ese o ewes SE Oe re Wea iy Birds Anny Arbors: i atski ads omdinthe Oee Os cree ae A FW DE WOUL, TMASOM 21ee%. 5... cheers etendect a cnceted ater arte eer oe ene Jass Av) Tucker Concord... aAeee soc See Eee Sab Wurst, (blyria, (OMG. . net ects so ORO eee ee Mrs" pVolney, Miller; Birmingham’) o7..<.. ose este ae MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. MrslaVolneye Miller ap inniin shampmnt once ss se. cise aceite eee ane aoe he (CLOSSHClAOSHLEMOY aa adn aoe SO wet Oe ook wie oe Te re es Sea VLIMOre=e OLCON aa aan wince ier eere comets oie che ms wet Sie ee Mis--Many, Crandall; s696) Russell St., Detroitics 23/3. 5 52022 cee eee Robey vies Cautiman: Centerville sses mers oes cael a ahr oe ae Oe ee By eS CACHAREL SLO Ms ts cei are tte tet rele areca) ews. obit Sect teu Ris elo ana hate Her MELAS in See Ths ROG ast etetees, sae oh ern eae ae Lae Seas Lielene Gan Cablensinort hives MCW ey ores ches arosstsutiebeoboeisdornee wicket ocideeos ChaswmOmConaty enickeys ty UA P as Gixac Leck soe Soo bt ete ee Mrs. C. B. Western, 288 2nd St., Tagkaon a ditsetae cde eves iese oe aleleaeae JOHWEMeiperines Watton AMI aS ea.) i3e ie arm a mn, 38d Sola Sa ot slate vacates Roya, Maller MaSOn geamcmteatace bite Shine ce ea sce gwen ae eee MiSs Com Wee DUrtOness Sa brainersy Sts. WCELOlby. tei. ernie Gsigke, iene Miss M. L. Pillow, Louvillard Villa, St. Augustine, Fla.......... AiTed see Giliinshamercso) Glynn St DetLoitajsc csr see acces oF Hache Ne ess he Moarned ist. WetrOlts as. see cea eke ace aoe eee HannieskL: ealls756r LrumbullrAve: Wetroitens. ssc .sece so eeeen oie -r Wid ID 1a, lelbbonjolsnteyye, wile? dicsl Anges IDisibronht, cas paces cadoos nonee He Alexandrine, Me Hwen, 432) Jeierson, Avie... so. «ocleche cherdin ose 6 <6 Eee Olle ye PALATINO VEL CIE opine teens 2 crcrcpersra aise Ginihe etonee te ea ee Iersonece sNiVes wand ersalsesiies NICH. ona cct- anc cetola ne tia cee cre aie NirsoiC awe cOssaaohlamd: (Parken tts.) yee slates s cleo sein dolce ere Hiss wayne nC Loven ale ernie sf og:) alec o Side Page sehe Cs ae oe ithan Clarke. 72) Garheld: St.) Strait: os 26 4 cts crs). ahelle orcs arare- autre wags NGAGE AVLCYS OM MnIT SIVA Sia soye cysts cieles cheleseis oe socks onic he cece oe Lee ismonde: Holrehtonemakessn reo aac. ci isete tetas tres arem nae Miche Prem StockComaDayisbur mr wancacede ss cee Moe eee Myntleslisracl ys immin shana beg se IN Ot deercseteeye erie. Serratia Chass ty amy, elacksonsViches she Dy UNOWiSiclee oles sie ee Mirsc ie MES Buelt > 62Broads, St. Beloite Wisin. -.ses clase oe Kthel Spencer Lioyd 97 Watson. St. Detroit: 02.2. ...ceee ce eee Grace R2| Conover :25.AW. HlizabethuSt.. Detroit... 0206s. ose eee Clara: Smith,- Miller Schdols Sta:-2..Wetroitel ou) i iis.eeies . Pee Mrs. Mark Donelson, 1660 Jefferson Ave., Detroit............... Graces@-7 ones tis Lothrop Aves. DetrOltsn.).c «22 >< acbeelacic eet acter AMehian Vales inen lOO Miami yAVess DCEO)... criticise te nies Jessie Wilkinson, 106 Miami Ave., Detroit................ Oe acne Parlig Ga sHmmionss-Ze0m Warren) “Avie. Detroltaac cc oc lie sielelee eate oeks Weer Hill grsoneZocmuaplLOossen st... DEULOlts .ys5 ete siete ici ae Mrs. Isabella G. B. Lothrop, 440 Jefferson Ave., Detroit........... Jeans: Ose Mihi samy tAVie a MCELO lier siaccrs a) coe) cte a crocs eiorcie ote Bosloers: Premios AN) pit sis siete sretela diciehe orate ever terst viet Sacuetsl ave,atel Mice s Mantinmimeenam “Redftondas Micheran ns cctomierts casts ciate’ « de lalerae itera celatere JOURS EOVE ee SONA Sa SDGUCCe SUD CLE OL eters ajc erereus be are reyel caer os WE Ei Bechtel. sa Galt Ours tateys = Pexeats stostaie epsushe efal ay ake bene se-lele se @icteye) lei sher = sass JOG Ese herns a5 M Ma pLOSSe ys St. se DCtCOML. ci-uterey. cic «orev ercici Stern eens Fes He OHNStON oll5b 54a RUSSelle Sts DCEO tc ncn) .ae clbotac = perenne eich alvin Chuicbuck.sSrocktons EVUASSIs s..cfrereccisuss oi. sher. cro clecte mele ole ke eteiie DSi HO CHLATIINABECOYA IO aan) wenctais Se) ost Pearciots -shope dhe sey toy octsue oe eRee Mrs. H. L. Bingham, 128. Westminster Ave., Detroit.............. Irene Louise Getty, Kalkaska School, Kalkaska.................. Nor ea Se ClAarStOM Msc iin vaso ore cut tokens «lst eentcuevetatre wid iccenelotcteofnioke blots Ace. Glenny, Buttalo,N. wv. Amherst cAviews teccicc«scitae sista cts Wire Ball ey= METCNGENSOM. babs crud latend Seca open ohey eeyeRe foxes eee bus ceceerore Biers Maud Myers, 32 W. University St., Columbus, Ohio................ MALcArCh heb annand.) Os nbases Stes, DCLLONU.).icis.c ote cleiesiete oie cictejateleo 6 Marcarceen: barnard. 63 -baee St.) DetLOltes s-Ms Bramiletts sPalimyrasr WO ns cc s srcirs siisicce oa’ « o.ett'eo,0/et> eee i DA Burnet) W4th) Aves Horse Market;, City sic. 06206 ssi0c.e se sls 6 Manrciay uichardson, me Onciac, » MICH 5 sie cei ts ora sicpeal rs avers opie aieie rele 46 vo H WWOMOW PR WAIH Oomow DD oO Met bo Het Eb = COO 862 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, 379 AG heh G. Stevenson, Port. Eburon, Mili clr sterde) ielgerteoe erate $5 00 SRO RcH Mies Benham ce Mittord, llGiiapn. ny: «nictolsiaiersls eveteneleetcpokerstate (temo aloes 98 50 SoG. ne Mock wood, WWashinetonwWVlIGH 7. .\..-)0s-l-teislepeisteteiol hletstaretee tare 9 00 989 Chas. Bogula, 294 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich.................. pl2208 283 Upper Peninsula Agr]. Assoc. Iron Mountain, Mich............... 200 00 The committee on transportation reported as follows: To Eugene Fifield, President, and members of the Executive Com- mittee of the Michigan State Agricultural Society: Gentlemen—According to custom and the by-laws of this society, I hereby make my report as superintendent of transportation. First, will say that the arrangements with the railroads in the pass- enger department has not been as satisfactory as I think it should be for the reason that the railroads have gotten into a certain manner in doing business in connection with the state fair, and they do not realize and appreciate the difference with the state fair located at Detroit and being located in+the smaller cities as it has been in the past. I was unable to persuade them to run a number of cheap rate excursions, the railroads seeming to think that with carrying facilities in the usual manner it would be sufficient and I believe now that they have seen what can be done towards securing an attendance to the state fair from outside cities that with this matter taken up early with the roads we can secure the running of several cheap rate ex- cursions and in this way very materially increase the attendance from the rural districts. In connection with the handling of freight, I would recommend that the business committee be requested to have the Grand Trunk place and put in a separate switch at the north end of the grounds running into the stock stables for the purpose of handling stock, the present switch is too far away from the stock barns and it is very unhandy and causes exhibitors considerable trouble, and if a separate switch was put in so that the stock could be handled more quickly and re- moved from the grounds without any delay and at the same time the machinery and other goods could be handled from the other switches as now placed, which would make it much better for the railroad com- pany and much more expeditious for the shipper, and believing that we should make it as handy as possible for the shippers, not only for getting into the grounds, but for getting out, I make this recommenda- tion. As to handling the city traffic, I desire to express my appreciation for the manner in which the D. U. R. transacted their business, the facilities under the conditions were most excellent, and they did every- thing they could to assist us in getting ready to handle the people at our grounds after they had delivered them there. I would further recommend that the office of superintendent of transportation be abol- ished and that the duties pertaining to that office be transacted by the business committee. Respectfully submitted, A. E. STEVENSON, Superintendent of Transportation, Michigan State Agricultural Society. Report accepted and referred to the committee on rules. MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 363 The Superintendent of Cattle reported: Mr. President and members of the Executive Committee: Gentlemen :—As superintendent of cattle at the Michigan state fair, Detroit September 11-16, 1905, I present the following report: The cattle show at our state fair of 1905 while not large in number was very creditable in quality. Being favored with ideal fair weather during our last fair, the showing under canvass passed off very pleas- antly. The expenses of the department tend to increase, from the fact that nearly all the different breeders feel that their exhibits should be judged by recognized judges of their breeds, which necessitates more judges and necessarily more expense. As superintendent of cattle I issued orders for pass butons 47. Orders for 148 bales of straw. All of which is respectfully submitted, W. E.. BOYDEN, Superintendent of Cattle. Report accepted and referred. The Superintendent of the Horse Department reported as follows: Detroit, Mich., January 9, 1906. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Executive Committee of the Michigan State Agricultural Society: As superintendent of the department of horses other than speed at our 1905 state fair, I beg to present the following report: The secretary’s report I believe goes into details of expenses and other disbursements incident to this department. The list of entries were small, there being but 104 entries altogether as compared to 273 in 1904 and 244 in 1903. The entries in the various classes are detailed in the secretary’s report, so I omit them here. The cause of the decrease in entries was undoubtedly due to the fact that there was much doubt and apprehension among breeders and exhibitors generally as to whether our stables and grounds would be completed in time for the fair. Many exhibitors present told me that they had no idea that our equipment was so complete, and assured me that they would be on hand at the fair next fall. One exhibitor from Canada, who had one at 1905 fair, agrees to bring a car load this year. The largest exhibit was among trotting horses as you have observed _by the secretary’s report. I desire to commend particularly the efficiency of the work done by Dr. C. A. Waldron of Tecumseh, who did the principal part of the work superintending the horse department during the fair. He was on hand constantly looking after the interest of the fair and the ex- hibitors. I beg to suggest that for coming fairs the premiums be enlarged, so that they may approach more nearly to the premiums offered at the Toronto exposition and in our neighboring states, which I am sure will largely increase the quality and quantity of our exhibits in this department. 364 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Some alterations should be made in the stables, which I have out- lined in a letter to the chairman of your business committee and to your incoming president. I believe it would be a pleasing feature and facilitate a satisfactory showing of the different classes if the horses were judged on the infield opposite the grand stand. All of which is respectfully submitted. Yours truly, W. W. COLLIER, Superintendent Horse Department. Speed department Michigan State Fair 1905. Statement of entrance money paid in each class and purses paid out. Division of purses, 50, 25, 15 and 10 per cent. Tuesday, September 12th. Race No. 1, 2:16 class pacing; purse, $500.—Number entries, 9; entrance paid, $325; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:1514, 2:1214, 2:14. 2:1714. No. 2, 2:20 class trotting; purse, $500.—Number entries, 10; entrance paid, $350; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:1914, 2:20, 2:1914, 2:20%4, 232034, 2:1814, 2:2214. No. 8, Michigan bred and owned, two-year old class, pacing; purse, $500.—Did not fill. No. 4, Michigan bred and owned, two-year old class, trotting; purse, $500.—Did not fill. Wednesday, September 13th. No. 5, 2:30 class, pacing; purse, $500.—Number entries, 10; entrance paid, $350; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:2114, 2:1814, 2: 1634. No. 6, 2:28 class, trotting: purse, $500. Se ee entries, 9; entrance paid, $325; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:2014, 2:2134, 2:22. No. 7, 2:10 class, pacing; purse, $500.—Number entries, ‘a. entrance paid, $200; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:16, 2:1434, 2:1314. Thursday, September 14th. No. 8, 2:23 class, trotting; purse, $500.—Number entries, 6; Scene paid, $225; wahise paid, $500. Time, 2:2214, 2:2114, 2:1914, 2:22, 2:22, 2:1914, 2:2014. No. ps Mago class, trotting; purse, $500. Number entries, 5; entrance paid, BOI5 « purses paid, $500. Time, 2:1914, 2:1814, 2 191. No. 10, 2:22 class, pacing; purse, $500.—Did not fill. Friday, September 15th. lod Nola, 2 213 class, pacing ; purse, RM Toten entries, 7; entrance paid, $275; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:1414, 2:1214, 2:1214. No. 12, 2:24 class, pacing; purse, $500. Geen entries, 9; entrance paid, $325 ; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:2014, 2:2014, 2: O11, 2 :2034, 2:20. MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 365 No. 13, 2:35 class, trotting; purse, $500.—Number entries, 9; en- trance paid, $325; purses paid, $500. Time, 2:2514, 2:2014, 2:214. Saturday, September 16th. No. 14, 2:35 class, pacing; purse, $500.—Number entries 5; entrance paid, $225; purses paid, $500. ‘Time, 2:1714, 2:1534, 2:1834. No. 15, free-for-all class pacing; purse, $500.—Did not fill. No. 16, Michigan bred and owned, three-year old class, trotters; purse, $300.—Did not fill. No. 17, Michigan bred and owned, three-year old class, pacing; purse, $300.—Number entries, 2; entrance paid, $60; purses paid, $225. Time, 2:2114, 2:2434. Additional entrance money was received as follows: RALENCO IEG JOS ace 3s ce Ct he oat SI Se ade Coane $12 50 MAUS oe ce aisha dies a wie Ey site Bete eae eee Pome 15 00 Peeps pe Sent shy i). ESN et Oe ee ote Ot eee eae eee ee 25 00 12 50 There was paid the secretary for Hal Sphinx................ 15 00 There was paid the secretary for Johnny Schmoker.......... 25 00 Totaleewtrance: Pardee. Oe eles eee ee eS $3,315 00 The total expenses of the department including care of track during the fair: BAA TAUS ELI SOS! Sor aus oti ze codel ina ono So 5c oro wie afemay chats opeiug «1p ape $5,725 00 Drneryewpenses CHAPOEG. by2(.7., Yortiter ss Sia%s wfalalsls Dadeeie ah «hi wren ete 690 96 $6,415 96 A balance sheet showing the actual financial cost of the department would show as follows: ioral cost of. the department... 4. ose/ye8 Ghee a Oa. aadee Roa Se $6,415 96 PECCEI PUA, CHUPATICE DAI Ue SLE. Chee tial ara) NS $3,315 00 eceipis,- pool and score, Card. «wei, occ ios © Sis plein oper’ 970 00 One-half day receipts grand stand ............... 2,900 00 ——— 7,185 00 Balance to eredit-of department \. «2.30 ise. tise Oe $769 04 BH. ot. HINDS; Supt, GEO. S. WARD, Clerk. The report was received and referred to the finance committee. The Superintendent of the Sheep Department reported: To the President and Members of the Executive Committee of the Michigan State Agricultural Society: Gentlemen—I have the pleasure to report that the year of 1905 has been one of most successful and satisfactory results in the sheep in- dustry. The exhibit at the state fair, held on the Detroit grounds, for the year as above stated, has been all that could have been expected or asked. ‘The classes were well filled with animals of high quality which 366 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. speaks well for the intelligence and ability of the breeder, eliciting expressions of admiration from the visitors, all of whom seemed to be in good spirit and well pleased with the prospects of the future. The exceptional high prices for both pure bred and grade animals, has given to the breeder an encouragement and an impetus to the sheep business generally, which makes a year of great success. I regret to state that there was much disappointment and anxiety by the failure of the judge on Middle wools to appear for his work, ac- cording to agreement, delaying the work until the last of the week, but thanks to the patient breeders who came to my relief and cheerfully consented to press into service an old breeder who reluctantly con- sented to help us out with ability and fairness, giving general satisfac- tion. The number of entries was 763; amount of awards, $3,020. For a more detailed statement I refer you to the report of the secre- tary on same matter. All of which is most respectfully submitted. H. R. DEWEY, Dated, Detroit, January 9, 1906. Superintendent of Sheep. Report: received. The Superintendent of the Swine Department reported: Mr. President and Members of the Executive Committee: Gentlemen— «ica eieicist 2 inte Hele erties Gia t B. % Babcock, Warren, B. S., associate professor of mathematics.....:.........eccccscccccccene 7 Baer Milens ba eAs Mean Shriucto rains DO tary tie vices, o cco oral 4) Neus orev okay cy svope sa) ots) aver opctel shale al steeeh pores w Bacteriolomicalsdepartment /HoaraeCOMMIliLees-n) 4s << c.ctherne petesterel olae lake arnt larg hele oie iar aoe x BACteriolozical\de partment MIUVEILLOT Ys Obs f05 Wiese uel oot ah) opeh ohete beadtee nahn O's o'isionel oh ata gine ere RAG Os 17 Bacteriological department, experiment station, inventory Of ..........00c0eee cee eecceee 20 Bactenowgist of experiment, station. Teport Of7,)4 6 c:siets aie ala che sarc olescieyebehe'e alee cleteie aisieiac ets 102 Bacceniology andi nyelene seport Ot Ge parpmMeny Of, seria evs -)ar- boas adc cte claitiere alebeicietatuieeete fe orton 55 Baker, E. C., foreman of foundry..... Tala IGF EE tasks a APC RI EO iG BO oc one ae 7 Barrows, Walter B., B. S., professor of Paclstest and physiology and curator of general museum 6 Beal, William J., Ph. 1D D Ser APLOLessOMODOLAIMYI Ys cies feb scare lef ihale Siskerete cient are ee 6 Beale Weds. TepOre, Of department Of MOLally: cee a i'-fotskvsncler hovere) eaatone he oe ee elon. 40 ea IMIIAE CLS “ALeCLING CHE ati sp eee ACA ie cus lapel ed octucxersetsccbh oboe, ek eee toe ee ee eases 156 SSM Ct ie eee CR et nc at 7 idle, SIR geen RES FIR RURERS ERS tree ee ei ee PL ea rate ee hai 156 ESE IMEUSCOLS- AITOCULIE. “2:5 10s uhsxe ACN at REARDON TR icra es trl t ER y SPIRES mel. By GTi STE AL os Wd 157 PeeROIS mp DCSSIC Hs Ss, MUStTCtOL IMiGOOKREIY was ners ecele city sestcia ace teat ead ects aes ae See pelle 8 SINAN Ue areca SS a ss 2) 2 ests: s: 2) 2)'0 1h Sy NS uah Se RANT Lope cbeh ee ot A co Seat of crave Suet ape eR TE comin tala AS Ramee More 205 ESA OCEDICNS VATICULES OF ot i7e- sp ittator te AT Ser Rn ake daa See etc eeee Clea ee eee aa 328 BAG RENG i odie EOC EEE oe tobe & ae LLY CRD OAC ER SS ORES 5 DOE SEERE Oar emote ae. 109 Blair, Otis N., instructor in mechanical engineering......... SRE a Wigan 218 EEC Cine Seo Peas Zi Bune sacoOuuLe Member Board, Of ‘ASTICHl Taner met ya tae rks slo cote lalewe aiatelehe ict -ve peck eee chee 5 PSUSIM LOE CELES cits a hehe ois ore e acels tl avclor er pea MEA aot Neti Ne rehab cl shet stoke el abahe dal ot cttele ooh tors cua fenses 156, 162 Lesa Gl EW Jey Pey EMD TEMS vasy oN 6Y=5 Goh 0) CAPE ee NS 15 os ee Ek, SM Re IE Aa aE ae aE pe cl 5 NC AMMO LELEPIUT LCOS Sake ares ch 7) 3h cats 7 (of THES coo TN ACE A she Tad sto olstots iol iolot slave: scale) ays.0, eee slaves 5 LEC RG! THER EG a a0 Weeot bids tal. aire Aa LoS SH CEB AE A GORE EE ee EEE aera ies it kas! 19 Porte bintlest ibys Mas: YA... Me DrofessOn OffOLESELY Aaeisicicisiciccisiseisela spelecle'dia lo ulsbce et nenalee 6 392 INDEX. Page. Bafue E. :, report of forestry, GeparvMentarec eccis wevoleieiel sie va lalolave va eieielejelne ticle wlelekemtecietdale 56 BESOTIOT rere corre Set Seis ol STS aid Ha oa slol 5 VB GGHS fois ta Vet a SU PRPe STAE lhaso)s 2a sSorol atte MOTAt Meeks see elnigue ete 178,185,189,198, 205,213. Botanicalidepartment, boara COMMITEE Ae ietc a «+e ciklebcts stele ctoveliel’s ise eie edaleel otislorlale eleustouakeleimiens Ds BoLlanical depanpMmenty INVentory, Olly rete eisss, alo vete pun ellohaas intone ts fauelere ekonehee/ ona alate Siswereree ore 17 Botanical department, experiment station, inventory Of.............ceee ee cree cree eteeee 20 IBOLAnY -TepOre Of GEPAaLctmMe nt) OL i ..lercreresiscs toy eres siens isle joleyd © hel Sieve le eiaheve Gia oo) alts) eusaade ess Daveieteia eels 40 BOW Op WA. yATCHIGECE 5 jets = oye ales lev ahopn = meleraratelayeraievare 8 fehotercls clalepatete a lalibels a s\eimiel ste sieietapetese meio 8 BOyen Ha ward, JuUStTUGbOr IMiCheMIShTy ne. ly cece +s eiacs vieveialeraleme whe whale ledereve th vdter acters eve creates 7 Brewer Chester, ..B. 9, Girector, Of physical) GUlIUILE Aes eraatera lo chedeleis slove e/overcenaieyelahaleicheliseetetens 7f IBLEWEE Cis sre port, OL GEPartMeEnbiofis, vachaye.< als 2 scale eel ole eho ae ce lelovelleysistalapoitieus shee teisvmtelsh deere 67 Brown Ad disoneMs XA. Be SCCTELATY 0: ccsle ehsle si esis s: © a thelayecusysuelerayevepe yer siel al e's tay atta acsvenalevaeiera tanatans 6 BrowiarAs MM ASeCretary? BOaLG OLPALTICITAING 3/1). «feueiaisscuels cincleleeletel exeleieloleuate lcleh eve fovedererststcisiets 5 Brown, A. M., secretary and treasurer experiment station........... 2c cece cet cece eer es 9 IBLOW EPA] VL-* SUDIMISSION Of ANNA MEPOLE:s <1: <\. ve svapais she) ofa, sto che e #1 oho rapeteuotel mets’ tats \a/lcnel= Vorcbelsiors 3 Buildings and college DIOPEHLY:,, DOATA COMMITEE Ss ayersuckaale we slate hy elise teneoeeeeuets tote) elaheys repeie terete 5 Biuildingestand icollezeyproperty;, INVeDtOLy Of; < cic wide oreialle wo were nieve nucls eceieneteverstete lave cieheietetenst 16 Bulldines experiment station. INVENLOTY OL. crcklechers a2 vsievsislste ater etal eke voeumieablioneicleletotetensheiets iia 20 BS MEiMSMexperiMentiStatlOMer—cye suas vise sia close eats eeicc ei ete eee ke SE eee ete ee 133-337 PB UMELIUS MIS t ObetOL HSC VAT NI. 5 bese lvaers vee: telereuel shat late laos ellaielslieateta shaneilevthe itatakake tet kein Meyerete 97 IBiVlepneNOs ozs TELtULIZeL ANALYSES. «.c.clsie ia e:lasers She: sieiie la socio iw o:Olloc)e leialte ellonehera elaue lelel sfarortehons where 133. IBiIllevinwNO poo. LUSeCtS Of THE GATED s,«.<\o.0'50,etere, as is\s,eretois la'e) wie eeueiin ie auskekeepeieLais akstetele evenctet cs 154 BillepimenNos 2o4- feeding dally, ‘COWS. ecveteus oe alls «vere eis sara ja sei bys a lo, AONNSTOOn 5 Sela Mina sc ere ero IA D222; BUlenyNor2oor SUCCOtASHHaS ta SOLMMS CLOP sie crs lose 2 chesche wee relee tele ce velellese, tetavee ienerclove lens tel arias 247 Bollenmen oe 2s6ysprayines fOr potatO=DU Nb c.s,<\s. es wesele oa ieladolo ho ee tele Mt Shevroveds eteiate ey adele peteuntebauolets 258. BriletinyNoy 237, digester tankage for Swile: 2.2, 5. COMMILtee sStaNDaiMes |EXpPEriME Dt STATIONS cos staal win oie wysllcie eke eye Bie alte aimialers tells tatetelstele 1s istaeens eae 9 Consulting veterinarian of experiment station, report of......... RS Hea ER Oho ico Osc 116 O70) ajolesmt=,h iho) atch ae RM aye Se SPE ergs Stoel eee edi Sree Mb Tyran KH aio, yea 2 .ce 105 COTO =wWOrm OL) CAY=WOLUA ie cece fe,eleveie oyvenara weds svuieng ter tots Lalla chtafetenetetls fete teers \test stl ave teh Pesan ee 211,214 OTDM PLOVEMIEMLG cai8 bis oie oie isha iopmeiete 8s pole sie alate fevmurah anh ocuel bat Seite rahe ya far ouees tare ant LOSE) ob aie et ena 293 WOUTSESHOTS TILLY Wy sicsssorots ale ronele (o'(ene tote eie alin ceils (ercekb aatis volisli saa shin eBLelie ern nee faa ahaa te cehexe veiettotens Rete ten eaierenen Menenane 31 Graig, Albert .G:,.B. S:; instructor! in hovticulture's > 6 jo sia ie cris ae ahele) oteusrateneeauetertinl scl ela stolel etal i CHEVIOT RADECTLC csc She © aicist shy ntey citer Bnurinus wliote cia ena aust eke Mamiatenetlaralte cite ROM mame reoneban esr teria 166, 182,185,197, 199 Gucomber insects, affecting Te y...<) 40. DEMHAdAAGNIS Gaveclonl aro in gach: Sola tine coAn Oo noo Cod Mone OOS Sao a Ase ahd O5 ac 57 MP NAVEEN MULAN Pere DOL’ Olt mala cteveicy siekey ouerckela ee) svave| cece. sy ave\ cher shovels: ole ela aue 388 ETUC ERP ITISHLE UI LOS say atebove,& fale) ess hovel aula chede te) ORE NCR MN acta oye occas cate eee lee late suais. haat lap aca alisitaMe ts 37 HAMIMe Taw INStit utes DOT" COMM CHECK yer oie nates et nero erate eyeurcpe eval ter odes felis etic shoreliceats, atvie elas laanernt st 5 HAMELS INStITULeS | OMiCe, INV ENLOLYs Olicoarctecke ere (ie relets ole ale ciate touleneledel peel ele topes lelcautelie case sud telsravers 19 Farrand, T. A., in charge of South Haven sub-station.....................- SPAS eer AIS fon 9 Faunce, B. A., clerk to president and editor M. A. C. Record..............-2ceeeeeeceeees 8 PERM OM ALEVE COWS trae veiete fo sare veists iayeketonedeyemapelokelos hate latan ae aaeteretav eed hove (a teh oi ci-sichan- (ave es) eranwilare de tecletedane 222 TVEG athe ip ETO has nl er nMeetts ae hoo Ere RE Oe CLS on DOS SRE AREA A PEMD Sibley 226 Held kam COLraw Ee euis. Oo: ASSISCAMT, 1IDTATEAIN ey ctey ans enone clicln ener ales siitele (siete eee de lan Paro) Wit apes We ke 8 VE OLIN EAI SES MONT OL: fer cane ve cies 1s ddsyarey dotnet o lelosoue coke Ret ales oY artes lon Mare raleial = te TAiar'ciore ojol eld Mr shat seep aan al See 133, 50 394 INDEX. Page. Hinance: board: COMMITEE: 2a ioe oho: aos lepeeltee © S30" o7o ciel eos olaye ve tee iotelarane ata oLevehecee eetemelee tik 5 WISH =DEETIES! Ci ilniors. 21K 2 eycleelateta se olersisle shokel s ebeselelebelateta: ove's leis ate. 2ieeebenans velatocete 156,164,165,166,172,185,195 Fletcher, S. W., M.S., Ph. D. professor of horticulture and landscape gardening.......... 6 Fletcher, S. W.. associate horticulturist experiment station.................. Ba crame Riatace otc ats 9 Fletcher, S. W., report of associate horticulturist of experiment station......... Ri arale aieretererets 110 Wletchenus.. VV. reportiol departmentiof horticulture.:\<:. oc 2 \<\cie cles ieee atelero er eieieretae ree 46 ENO WET-DCE UIC otitaine one a och one wits eke io fo airotonay ela foreneaavehehes sale teporoteRee ots te tehors eetatecatel oie hekons ernie Groin 212 Horestry department. board, COMMITEE: setayerette oicic)eialerel thee eren teeakercyersle te maciete eioetericie oie eae 5 HoLtestry Mepartinent/INVERCOLY, Of6 wivciis Seals sisleinle s. 0.05 /e%s la''o)Weoj'o,levre avehatelev overs lavedemaheyatsselatoheneiersbate re 19 HOLESHEYAGEPALLIMeNt; TEPOTb: Ole. saretsve.=ce sleles ae ois re: aval’ aNasle Sle aii ous dalle ails olleta se: mi faila: = Layee eiciathee eeie 56 HMOStEH IO VG_O.- Base LUStMICtOr 1M Galvan ear occ: cjeccierarciaievate mloteilotelehe cusietavoietolers Gia lenete eeroters i Previoter wHoOlse Boo. INStLUelOr TM MUSt Cee iets 1. enero joieres steieievonele siele Sacto vels Consus tavatevevereredete ois 7 Fuger, Capt. F. W., U.S. A., professor military science and tactics...... wUale Wea Tacs ea naneis lee 6 Fuger, Capt. F. W., report of military department..................... Fesvvars leteve "Srereta vale whakerede 76 G. ‘Geismar, Leo M., in charge of Upper Peninsula experiment station................200eeee> 9 Gilchrist, Maud, B. S., dean of women’s department....... ‘As srsliavavenals loy's36.5 obeUel a: ater sue fevers tatenete 6 Cuesta valid report, OL wOMen’s GepartMeNt)....2..cs « uicie cis elevcre © cheisve CVNe) © ie aiclelchchal eraieiotere aie 66 GHeMSt NOI Na., An Iss, JUStrUCtOL 1) Minelishes. ae ns.sicre susie eravoltts nije re elo averete ee eeeierenatee 8 COOSCHEHIIES EVATLCLICS OL. 75. c0cle;s 45 Jeo o pols ltuolense sie drevseelena Wisi ahs torprecevs) alors thaleletcheiels eres torciceloneie 327 META MALIMe WClAGS Of eLOOG. 06% vs cca) 2 sieversildl'ere, ool sy sie, = a)'=, ye spats wscapchier stele lal ole baal orefahere petelc sole euecehobeh cremate 30 Granam-aoOperts)., member State Board of Agricultures: -< 22). ence ec en decent 5 MTD SSE AGS Fone fri cic ois cla. ci oye ter eidvenel shel ateceleors eis d eistoie!/ ects ejalsts, avexa's, sy spelenetcnatalaieceye) eeeteus tours teuete 244 MERA Se MO UAES TEDOLb Olt cicis ss eyeietavsarste aie ave sals ie we claves" ane’ she. wVelera ells ete serereuale abetelcseelenstetersetelae cients 387 HET OS MV UULO LIES O Na atcraste oie susie a: oivos eile Si sy ay/oi ar onierelfevayareyctny Gre tar an cele io1/of el akel’o) aver ote: bowel St etio eotenucsl aie penetienel aes 328 KEL ASSIOTI PGES wercterc eis areve ole sede w!scire/aseseveS'si6) 0} o//eltatte, ofal's, ovat wise fecal» feraceleh ore) ot araliat ey =lcollen wrens Nolte fete tete ete Revie terete 159, 206 NERO DC CULES ete eite teva vchal'n\'eh sens scckexsycns? oy eta, etel'e et oi the a'lacereie sistetsta) elaiehe’s late qete tel stoke eh atte tek ene ernie 199 ASTI =P) LORS Mee dec het alee 'eltm scare ake atetatoters ‘nije lat seite, Mme sy ai ane eote ne Meaavape lotate te lenane Cah ata ovehevel te reve renee 158 Cundersen Gar A. Me Ph, D.sinstructor in mathematics.t = - «ic > cl che Risks ele cisters ante eter oniele 7 Gunson, Thomas, instructor in horticulture and superintendent of grounds................- 7 18le Hadden, S. C., B. S., instructor in mathematics and civil engineering................22200% 8 Haven ins! J eles aS truChOr IM GOMESEICTATb; os rel ctedetels elake/eieliol ahhenelalle fais allows cclet abe vevaekepete ne velees 7 Heat lehtiand water departments in vEenvory; Of. 11. -0~ le =ceiclert one wiel abetey obs were’ eo stolalote. ove beielia leone ag Hedrick, Wilbur O. assistant professor history and political economy................+.+-- 7 Hedrick, Wilbur O., report of department of history and economics.................+..+.: 68 PELETOAGLUITIA CLG oe teleerte et atece. ack octs eet ol eevee @.ate- Sievalle,-e. sb eth ojie. ei'erlo\ ey wie tagel eeu manclals (a hoe let anevanceaye tae Ota 41 Hinds, Sherwood. B. S., instructor mathematics and civil engineering..................--. 8 HIStorysa depart Ment. UNVEWbO ys Of .c:5,sseee- eines faye evo. chs elas) areuanstekctehe edesoueneke re tellel chekatedefevenel oeeatereietaed 19 EUStony and economics: Teport Of GepartMent Ole. +... cv ev professor Of;drawine® ic... 2.215 > lel odeyo ho eeclorere ea lersusisiolerslete 6 Holdsworth) W..S,) report of department, Of Crawl IWEg,. «cots ie) ote tote claiciei sie leilate ele tel tepsiche cis spetetenare 77 HOM Caroline sts. INStMuCtOn 31a GTAaWIN Gs... cielet--oveic)nre tojesetavalevsiars at ouereiet ciake ctersl chats ne aire eter i 7 FLOP AINSCETS iat CC HIDE TNO’ 2) -)e 0 eisivi noha) eeovelieioiaeley sic eVeholeseie thao ierte 5 Honienl tira department, Inventory Oli cle.cic/s15\> oiecis cree = winlolel uefelopesalatteh eve ldimee ele iene teres 18 Horticultural department experiment station, inventory of.............cccseccccsccccerce 20 MOTUGUIEUTE report, OL GEPartMentHiOl. ce aisicalals sc el c.cfe eles cere std aware) alleys rave eis re)edere fore is) «clots o)ehereletesie eis ofenejcie\ shsleh chekebaseselehenonstionele stots 60 PATISon Bg liebe Mi INStIuGtor Ut CHEMMSET ys. 5.5 cilsvansy spicy ho) l= oy aticueteus.cne,felane(e\euaiaue) nice ,< sre seersxenets 8 MRC LOLI EES tors ieeversicn eeroheccreneray ahepave te levers icheticie ake: obey are) ater aveh vate? shove Shotlse je suey ahenart ra oper seis hire tabs toners 159 WRC ETIATIC Teper atta ene atch ehalie oreo che Gus! obecalehs, dvai's: sPavlelin. staf eugte ave tac tee) s, eis'-b1ay alo, ot sageiinahel ovo oaaua lo, ah eageremannne es 161 MA CEMITTEN Pater eal aiey Hoteles, aiate Caraici tors) sus aos ois craiiehe, ale ane eesh ev eitel™e tes, 36 %e)idy-aesi.ey aydhe tells lay’ ailelievte’ 6 each anal sisbereetity 238 canada Wiens. Wustructor an mechanical CNSIMeCCMINe ya. sacle = s:c so cisreals =e clele eye atela reve. paveiey halells 7 GS UUM CEMGISCASES Set htale ial ciara alee istevate: ele ce ecb aulaievatece lonelier syapetals ove ths) Sle aloft ele ayalene Mustek arate s-apetaperees 114 Librarian, report of...... ee Meee chet eeei.a le eS ReN on lias (ovale teueteNe ii cvelaire: wattle apacaratele aunt iets sete eiea eet 60 AIDA YA DOALG, COMLMMILLEE i steer tarcre cls lcc oe Gio teye iets Gis whale leis anaie avetae he © ateuometaie, date ave Mtereieta aie 5 LOIS Than Th KO) hye 0) CARIB cieIee OIE che CRC erik ODEO RSI ORS IOre-ccGIn RIED DEAS Osis haat L bieRueaTe 19 AApraryle MPeHUIMENL SLAOMiny eDtOryy Of sacisss succsce-s cicke aisle arcsec sai alate etele Otel cima eve ia. sie ate ete 20 JL GUIS aeoctoge ch} MiRCCOI CELT CPUC MOICR CIC) CAR ICRERC EAC TESA TAT CRIT Ane ATSIC PLS BN SUMS AB PRES Bort meri A aaa 180, 184,185,191 M. MeCnue a@rAs sn SUS tructOnuiMrrnOTPLClIbITC a. conmiecisea.c cine Aectvemuela is onedeteletersisuel- caterers 7 MeGucame COWalle cH MDOOKMMEE DED ssictcye ictus a ew haw spovelcl oieienai ele tal ale’ obete talc) alae (alerouts ie lament eet oe 8 McLaughlin, Rev. Robert W., baccalaureate sermon, 1906..........6.....2cccc ccc euceeus 29 MeN Vietiyaubesiie Beha s: ii Shruetor Tl) ae TICUlbtUres =< ale sie calc hcae «oe ohclev enters rata cele pees 7 IBID REE Be oo eae Sic, HeL SR ORBI CIS CS ach RE MMR SESMET UR ene s ? s re Brora P AEeR CURRY MI 166, 186,187,197, 205 Marshall, Charles-E., Ph. D., professor of bacteriology and hygiene.......................- 6 Marshall, C. E., bacteriologist and hygienist of experiment station...................+...- 9 Marshall. C. E., report of department of bacteriology and hygiene..................2+2+:: 55 Marshall, C. E., report of bacteriologist of experiment station.................-000-eeeees 102 Marston, ©homas, Wh. memberotate, board-ot Agriculttres: -.1. 6:4 2+ nals elec sare eencele 5 Mathematical departmenp oan GnComimnili teeta: stops er cieechae. suckle aveidions ce iayacs chev) cus niake eee 5 Maphematical deparlLmente i myentOnylOte es eye mteyscs Me mace ere elers «sale crerteieiteaiers cic srciclisce ene 4 usseiete 18 Mathematics and civil engineering report of department of..............00.e cece cece eens eal Maxwell, George, H., commencement address 906s. cb no teins Sale hole crete s Oe cle sles omelets 29 UIT UL Breas els faire jot 0 fo Voli ane Natta Wee ae et TAPIA rae rare asics Cen Cla ee BARN ee a NV eon 157 MEE AICAKGepartmMent - DOATG COMMITS. ae termes alloted tok cll he eines oeale el cna a. sree nieraeiens 5 Mechanical department, IN VenbOTy Ole cya ek iets steal ie et etenael crelaichete: uotchirelo oie islans taacepeseter 18 MECH IMBITISECLS ATTEN PE ALLE 15, fia sree oe ee renee eee ides et aaa fa LE Ae 185 AUT SANCHTA LOST SC espe Meee ateaste sieve Cade, oss eto Met ale Toke SON CE AER R ETOP ORAS COROT isis hes HAs aiinlod arte ne alte areal tte 180 MEME TRIS HALe sb Oa dvO1l (A STICUILULE ssn sie Cite te rer earn eater eich aciahctay ah a) wer ae 5 WESTER OPAC AINE A DIES A naisicscnsis.aus ciatasa a aieatetene Ren ACD eT IR ee ee te eee eee cea nfey ata Aare hte Tiel 119-130 Mipmeanenunrseryedealers! list Of. 2. \i's .swrstasencred hove steno neat acetal Mere retee ea eleel ict aivaa tie cbt ame 3 Wye) SITE va ay pueefereyra hays} 6lae VSL ROT GRP Pe aeeLeaey Acie tds cute ty en At) UU) at ee ea ES a 83 Michigan State Agricultural Society, caucus and election, 1905............0.00eeeeeeeeees 345 MrehizamesparevAcricultural: Society, Tair OL WOOD viene eae leteed slete eave ciation cstonelal trslevetel eile 353 MichieaniState Agricultural Society: list, of GMtriGss.)tss.%\eclelnei de clonles sta sedis da siesle Pogues 353 MichicamiState Agricultural Society, officers for, 1905. jen sete cis Freel Gla octane svelecicis ase clare 341 Michigan’ State Agricultural Society, premiums paid')......002. 002. coc. s cece estan es 356 396 INDEX. Page. Michigan State Agricultural Society, president’s address..............-+e+-05: SSA Se ata Hi 374 Michigan State Agricultural Society, proceedings of executive committee.................. 351 Michizan' State Agricultural Society #repontOtecis, s ssajae alauide Aereeueicie ese -techeias te aed aie suelceaievers 341-384. Michigan State Agricultural Society, report of business committee...................--05- 351 Michigan State Agricultural Society, report of executive superintendents................... 362° Michigan State Agricultural Society, standing committees and executive superintendents... 383,384 Michigan State Agricultural Society, winter meeting of executive committee............... 348 Michican State Association Of farmers? eClup se o\.,.,'..ckuha sine yers eae ow eyeeacc dee allase aan Saute ect e oees 387 Michizan Stateceranse. report: OL SECTEtRITYiys aie s\s -/sgeeateuers pid deckslcsomete His ue ats les tea sVieiaie es ahelcnee 388. Military department, board committee..... LPN SEEM OI ier Ort ure A rt Sabb Nhat etd Ghai 5 MiulttaryyGepartm elt UM VeILOTyOltie hs excite eve, avers oon cc erahecdey leone eens elated: ne hene cltiawe: obearaus Bae 19 Militany department TepOrtiOpiarcn. iahctvecs ake cusses aoe sic peut aterm oe eta nett seme raiitep sdageaa tate one let altatiepee 76- MISCELIANEOUS AMV ETLLOLY. 5.02 a hretic hia che cksieha we slipuay cuaieaey shaves tenet Gua eRanstene chehace -eletsnche enw a nic rel mee eae 19- INDO -CLECKIC TT Aysice cpt atid ah akss MSMR aueo ee tatake ra relia, eke Resear GIGENE PERE ele haces Sus Nor ne tate emetRC UN 9 Sacer ae 193. Monroe, Charles\ Jy, president state Board of “Agriculbure, - esc erie ceePeic tel cicieneniy ccleaner alee 5 UVR repay Cet cotinbr se" Me reste bare ie Tach ie ah eatie raviehiatonesctaneratians Reted eRe ee aie Las ca TAs en Raa! eee te cc eae are MD CHINE OMOLCHARGSMIN cree faye ics yk Sato SRR A Ne Sd ER, SS ey Ure rc ok MRSS Ar ec a eR 196 WETS ETI ESSC hums or INSEUCtOT, I: ZOOLORY sacs spt ccc cusker tee elecereNt enone aie cee reoeee aan ne eae ate the N. 2 IEC ASLO LU NENCOME LC A cfsi ace iaveiehee eomiele hers Wrerauad share steep, aleuene oie lenoue eget arena le RebCrehe Ct ereunone ke tare ieee nem 39 INGE ONION inreiata evant Cy aie n iene he NE ae TONG date ere vauora ta ators olOtor seat cal aahels roby SLMe abun Bua ie sik te enone eee 174 Newell we erENeInMeeny ute sate sus teeshiae ohaloke even roloreare ease Wate ANG vee hehe tan cate Sue INewniane Otace. Instructor Im Mechanical Crawls: vise ce oe ee oc elennints nye ecmoreia ie rerenceaeene rare 7 WOLLOn VEE nWi.5 Jc Instructorananimal husbanadnyis ccc. sh. sees eres duesal cle etal ois meuee eet olenenen ate Uk NTITSEHICS OTECIST MISE OL spies nS scien fice @ eheMendhaus sae sedans cated vcls 8 a blane oretalicnareie yobelekeucyat cy Rats aneketeuens 85- INMTSEIVRCeALETS sEMLChig ans TISGLOL 2c. cis sus elemeia sus lsieea itll a a tayietal ahaa atehere oy pester Stetietn > Redbvegene gs io emeneatet ate 85 NTINseryINen Michigan, JIStiOi . Scars ae wysrevcie: Skee eyat er eisual a) alio\le Garey 2 aiererreyerSce, Alt uaneys) aie) Sheree chore eae 83 DMITRI HLESKOLE Ene ech Veine ouace stats sa Ntte alin Atay is tena Manet alan netic ae ai er ee Sore aN ee ee rae ars 335- O. Oberdorffer, William J.,. member State Board of Agriculture...................0eeeeeeeeee 5 Officers of Michigan State Agricultural Society for 1905...............-cc cece eee ee eee eee 341 ONIOT/AINSECHSVAITE CLINE LMG sis fe ctoressteete tote aie elo he totale ualen clin ues coapokeis Temata We ie eMeieue a enta Sem Sone M soe eae 186 Orchard CulpuTewnNethaGds Hox aoe ees resale a iskodeeccaetMeMe lo lave be eive site A aRS Tat ales ou alre Lira Ousine on aata es ek clas 108. Orchard sande gana ers sy serous elicit teroutetelel erevareiata ols iaNewetive Sn HS AER ARN oR ony a RaD ASS EE PAONS 115 Orchards srepons Oli stave hNSpPeC bOI. csvae(enov oie vel ol Meteo ensie avanailn ekenseells tenes) leyraltaei nil a) sh Malley eleyere ante 78 Pee BAINHASHOP TMVEMbOLYcictstc sere aici michel celia erate tre tenets epepeucie here laiensp nee + keys emeatcispecaers Chale sremencnee 19 IDAs ps MMSeCES Mec tae bility. W455 sua arcte Yelena ons eacutunh s |oact os favs ePalellar orev) snyen lal eu emcaneunl Reames 189 Patten vA) AChemMist EX PeriMenity Sta blOM sso teseyolapeete lectern rnnees si cueuct danas sy iolerel set seine creel 9 PREACHES H WATICLICS (OL. ois fava larace ban Gia eer ayeve ieee «Ne senal spate agedeusie ts io tecahouel oscutins ae txt lens, clade a peva a abot eens 330 IP CATR SVATICLICS ROL erst. shecate ete on eicheletele esas Tenet Ao Uo aneen sae MGIN In COO deine aa OOK 332: (Peas MINSECHS LJUTIOUS BO ns: oie ereee Fale Sosa etches ess Stele Weamete eRe ene Men eme rs deca tere au al aint ereprcl or eeane er 191 Retht- Ree Tentomolosist ol experiment stations cvs sn ceye saeteyeeeie rane cies er aire tet aie wee pera te 9 Pettit yy Rese. 1B. iSe Ax eINStru ctor ani ZOOLOL Yak... Yainieis syne onelidicheieteneteeuancnete aioe are) a aac P tae Pa ae 1h Pettit, R. H., report of entomologist............ EES Sh Re SAI SU eA Set I Pe ee iy cect 115 By Sicallenlbures report OL GEDArbIMEMbiOlis eters aye ais cet vise meyers le penrenel epson ob arches nleneaeaeiay ee fie 67 Physicalvdeparhment:: board COMI GCesE ee ease. sss \ele aque an) Sieve sey alles teareL cba avtesbe eee oie ear mie ees 5» Physical Geparhment MVEMtOLy. Ofc s cats bebe lel se hers ste eevee al ucrey pete op cite hateeohetch tere sey wala Ree 19 Physics and electrical engineering, report of department of..............2.-.-ee seer vees 12 VERTIS ERTS Lec YS ciate sare salah aoe Mone cers Rents Meer ae racer st = at a lastey evcens Vailallobay aU Sones ei et cuaweiteil taba Sy ai Mine ee ate gen 157 MTT al TCS tae devel oe hate lol ane Fateelte ei ovale Weta af AME Weve kage fe lal orusite) Rleayra a Rw opsttatrene one itech Susie ten eiter a eat ina Ree aa aes 158. AUTINTTS AV ATIC LLES NOL ctate tic ster oicle te, s fe see neha laneleka! eae elfe ke fohelin Veltal tualtc uals! ite fel atleast eRe aie teste erate ene Ne 331 OUIMAtiONVERPETUMENTS is s\ici5\< a7sieke sheteronetere ecale retolsee lee) vhavs lose) aye ecleles ueipeLtey de GON ever Oeen setae dhe te ea a Thi Post-office, college, inventory of................ Me assed fone fateh he ean aR at Pa patel Scale So LR a 19 IPOTALOsANSECTS AE CHIE THE. ears. craks ce sate iets cereus vens falrw! hy opaa cits tele sel erca ater e tes cites ottame elim atl s lapel t@hey niemale eae 193. IPO PALOADESUIS: echelon cece ace a lla ct ove 7e WAG ep oa N Gureganleira ialabra SINR sate okie nes eAthena ea 195,196. BECO) FOL ODT dU eee eRe Leen ae Aa Un ye Oer a hpi rrer earn an SoS nA etn Ay GMOS K Eat A OIEA Hoke c 109 POtaAtO-DUEht PTA VAS) LOT shia saressy seen ee tay eehe tel cs) sire ous obec Ramage rep mesure ere ha te hen obec eal en cents aurea aa ne 258. POLAT AVL O Wee cs icles ett loka ePadev c Tale ane tence habal Showatte (Saidebs Gare Toe ucla Wy lb hale dire eh cara ROL. a ARC telat aie Renae 195 Popatoes Sed VSCLECTIOM OL, sis ics pmys le term ce ies 1's) nual she tauenst abe tafta lsban Pelle eve CU Loki Mp ie GO, Ae ea a Lik POTATOES VATIETIES OP eis bodice eqn hyes, & aealla leis cbebe lore ious pete meyarreaitare We etenae eereredopepeL ene Te oR veie ie ketene ttaaitay setiate , 814 President’ S/OfICE, INVEDEOLY VOLE di tctelaltans eoeusuelicnee eJaleie erties site sone aekollwileer eWallay + letfelr fot calito tiers telle tate tien 19 Page. BRTESIGETUPTE DOL, O Leia ee a Crete Rice Cecio SORE RAL se elmo tonepnyle si ohsiane 84/5 Ses cual, come felgeha oe 21 RETO REE yCOMELe RIM VEMLOT Va Ol mrp ststl at ete tal oleate eRe epee pe nie )'s~ tural alielnnshoyeeeled tiesto, e\iite label -liotedachntinr ele, oes 16 ELOpeLLye CXPeLIMeEnt StAtlON,) IN VEMLOLY) Olav aialet et eke) alata) %|e)(silelinpeetlat-uahe alte) = in alich abe) eve\nile apiatelle ts 20 R. SONMNICES AV ATICULES! Ol erste itrarereyciereretmistediae ovetadaie ke cetera etahcy ci Uan vista hic) ty se otetie eet 197 BES DELMES Valle TICS IO Leben ucetttave ee pata Ban eros tel stone) ooh ay s\n) eaeeseein oltesa\tet eh cnlen ac atya tht pate teeter 327 Mecd Mra mny7 5 aS pouelors LA CHEMISE yt. crs ayele-) yale atlevel east io, a lela, Viasat als peng iesietry chithe (watts t= Us rhs amet vi Report of associate hortieulturist of experiment station. ..........5.5. 0.5 eee eee tee 110 SRepoOTiT ON DaActeTiIOlOfIsh OLjOXPELUMEMt SLALIOINA a e:sraye)alayac-[o. syeje wiiav= ole alelhedernne ae 20) 2a) > Glee ee 102 Report of consulting veterinarian of experiment station................2 2005 c eee cece eee 116 REDON AO MACAO L- SPEClAl COULSES st srer emer at cle) nioicfite cacuee hehe cial = ae rePapauens! soket cual tea) ste) otcny ale resy shat oe 63 Report of department of agriculture........... Yoon Spe SoU nooo g. aeme sano dhiob calc 73 HenortoL department Of DACLEMIOlOPY: ANG MYPICHE. <5 sje clei) sysi> «al eloie stones elete> isha ee 55 PREAOROMOUC PALS MMe MiMO TO OLA lie etatet heichety ciency ester aiencvosavevcharsin(apmatans adleyeiey sh Sak nysheMaieL = ee 40 PEEDOLITO lA CPALLMEN by OL; CHEMMS LE Vis.. tarsi sen tels\ Veloce cists @) ayo, wate it sehr ero) lansing) Svea ade oz 57 JLeveyaforti; Onmavey ene rae terohOse obeys nara AOS OM aa Bidinn oceweo opanan ois bon Siglo da doa tee Gob ore rie FRE NOnMOMMED ATTEN OLMEMELISMy. wctcoe, cepted ie cureisie eo) aaei-tele eke" ey -ncmha cuter ictal Rareye = Panon a setae 65 BHeHOrinoiVde par pment Of tOReSb lyr. capt = oF -ta neve Pew- ner ciara alters ca) ot Seal cite seal oRA dete ia els Petes belek Ne 56 BRepoOrAon department ol MistOry;, ad CCOMOMAIES 9. 61-146, ata) ole) sel yer ley

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