53.9 3R 930 NO. 23 .s NO. 23 S DECEMBER, 1!>30 Montana Insect Pests for 1929 and 1930 Tlie Twenty-Thirti Report of the State Entomologist of Montana BY R. A. CooLKY. State Entomologist (Qt::^ I ' Font IHNItllKIt .siX'ii (i.NK WIUKWoK.MS TAKKN KUOM A FIKLI) OF Al'I'IK ».\ I.MATFLY 40 SyFAItK FFKT. THIS IS EQUIVAI.FNT TO 500,940 WIKK- WOIIM.S I'KIJ AC'ItE. —Photo by G. A. .Mail SttIEPUBllCmSCOltEr"^,H rxiVEKsrrv of .Montana AGRICULTURAL KXl'KHI.M KXT STATION OCT 3 1 2007 BOZE.MAN, .MONTANA MONTANA STATE L(BRAR> HELENA, MONTANA 5962G &'*"2 Montana State (jbrarv iiimm 3 0864 1004 0523 5 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Bozeman, Montana December 1, 1930 To His Excellency, Governor John E. Erickson, Helena, Montana. My dear Sir: I have the pleasure and the honor to hand you herewith my twentv-third report as State Entomologist of Montana. Since I have resigned as head of the Department of Entomologv at Montana State College, this will be my last report as State Entomologist. The State Entomologist law was recommended to the Legislature in 1903 and was passed and became a law during the same session. Several other laws have since been placed on the statutes; they are all related and together make up what has been found to bo an effective system. In recent vears the State Entomologist has cooperated with the Extension Service of ^Montana State College and the Assistant State Entomologist has been the Extension Entomologist. It has in this way been possible for us to do an effective work with a very small appropriation. The advantages of this system will be appreciated from a perusal of the early part of this report. It is remarkable that so small an appropriation as was made bv the last Legislature ($2710) could be made so effective in saving crops and aiding the tax-payer. A very small increase is asked of the coming Legislature and this is made necessary by the large amount of labor occasioned by the duties of the office. It is fortunate that it is possible to get the needed assistance m pay by the hour or by the month from entomology students at the college. Very respectfully, R. A. COOLEY, State Entomologist. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Entomology service in Montana 5 Oi^eration of the County Insect Pest Law 6 Grasshopper forecast for ]!t.'ii 7 Wirewornis 9 The Mormon Cricket 10 The Eed-back Cutworm 11 The Pale Western ('utworm 11 Alfalfa-seed Chalcis Fly 11 Woolly Apliis of the Apple 12 The Diamond-back Moth 12 "\'irginia Creeper I^eaf-hojiiier 13 Shelter Belt Insects 13 Montana Insect Survey 14 Correspondence on Insect Pests, 1929-30 16 Twenty-'lliircl Report of the State Kntoinologist ENTOMOLOGY 8ERV1CP] IX .MONTANA The organization of services in entomology in the State of ^ion- tana has grown up during the past thirty-two years. The natural divisions of such services in any State are four in number : 1. Instruction, or tiie organized teaching of college classes in entomology. It can scarcely he said that there is any teaching of entomology in the high schools or graded schools. 2. Investigation, or tlie study of the insect problems of the region. These studies may be very special and worthy of the term "research" or they ma}' be general and directly practical. The agricultural experiment stations carry on most of the investigations of insects done by the States. 3. Extension, or the taking of the results of investigation or re- search to the farmer and tax-payer in an effort to save crops, relieve domestic animals of parasites, destroy granary or household pests, or to destroy any insects that become injurious. 4. Regulatory service, or the enforcing of such laws on inspec- tion or quarantine as the State has found it necessary to enact. There is yet another class of service which has to do with the solving of special problems which often are large and of much im- portance, and involve the expenditure of considerable sums of mon<\v. States pass laws on these problems, appropriate monej' and set up special organizations to care for them. Many States have such special problems. In ]Montana the problem of the woodtick is an excellent example and the State in the year 1913 set up the State Board of Entomology to care for it. In Montana the first three of the above headings quite naturally fall to the State College and Experiment Station. The fourth one has been assigned to the State Department of Agriculture Avhere it naturally belongs. Insect pest problems often come up as emergencies. Grasshoppers, cutworms, or other insects suddenly increase to alarming numbers and would do damage amounting to millions of dollars if not promptly 6 MOXTAXA EXPEEIMEXT STATION BULLETIN 238 brought under control. It is perhaps worth while to point out how the Montana system works out. The Experiment Station is continually investigating, and stands ready so far as possible to give on short notice the up-to-date infor- mation on the control of any insect pest. Since the Experiment Sta- tion entomologist is by law also the State entomologist and since the Extension entomologist is the assistant State entomologist, an emer- gency arising becomes at once a cooperative matter and can be promptly handled. Information can be distributed immediatelj^ through the county agricultural agents. If special funds are needed they may be obtained by appealing to the county commissioners in any county that is in trouble. The county commissioners can appro- priate money from a general fund and replace it by a special tax. The skeleton organization is at all times set up and in readiness for an emergency. This form of organization could not work effec- tively were it not for the fact that the assistant State entomologist is always on hand and provided with tlie information on methods and sources of the necessary supplies and equipment. The county pest law is used in one or more counties every year for emergencies do arise every year. If there were to be a year without an emergency the circumstances -would only serve to give the assistant State entomologist an opportunity to become better acquaint- ed with conditions in the State, and particularly to detect any new trouble that may be brewing. This assistant also cares for the cor- respondence, which at times is heavy, as is noted at another place in this report. OPERATION OF THE COUNTY INSECT PEST LAW Expenditures under the county insect pest law have been very small during the past two years. One of the advantages of the ar- rangement set up under this law is its flexibility. Xo expenditure or levy is made unless an emergency arises, and if there is an emergency the county can act very quickly. Before the law was passed there were years in which damage amounting to many hundreds of thousands of dollars was done which might have been largely prevented liad the law been in effect. The use made of the county insect pest law during the past biennium is tabulated below, tosrether with amounts used: TWENTY-THIRD EETOKT OF STATE EXTOMOLOUIST Insect Pest Grasshoppers Grasshoppers Grasshoppers iloriiion i-ric'kets Mormon crickets County Cuater Judith Basin Bcaverlioad yanilt-rs Sanders GRASSHOPPER FORECAST FOR 1931 Amount Year $187.0!) 1930 72.70 1030 1)35.00 1930 80.00 1929 71.00 1930 In past years tlie Kxpcrimeiit Station has done a great deal of work on grasshoppers, particularly throucrh Doctor J. R. Parker who, within the past two years, has resigned from the Experiment Station and taken up duty under the United States Bureau ot" Entomology wiih lieadquarters at Montana State College. While Doctor Parker's work on grasshoppers will he primarily that of research, his office gets information on grasshopi)er occurrence and damage in Montana as well as in the other western States, and in this way the State entomologist's office is relieved of a considerahle amount of work. While no detailed and complete survey of grasshopper abundance in Montana was conducted during the season of 1930, some informa- tion gathered by Doctor Parker indicates that if weather conditions are favorable to these insects during the spring and early summer of 1931, grasshoppers may be expected to cause local damage to crops in many parts of the State. In Beaverhead County, along the Montana-Idaho line, the War- rior grasshopper {Cawniila pellucida Seudder) was i)resent in large numbers during 1930, and in one locality near Lakeview it was neces- sary to scatter 40 tons o\' poisoned bran mash to save the hay crop. Large nuiiib(>rs of eggs were laid in the area around Red Rock Lake and in the vicinity of Henry's Lake, just over the Idaho boundary. Some poisoning will proliably be necessary next spring. In western Montana, in Ravalli, Missoula, Lake, and Flathead counties, more grasshoi)pers were present during the late summer than at any other time since the series of bad outbreaks which began in 1917 and ended in 192.'). The Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus feniur-ruhruDi DeGeer) and the Two-striped grasshopper (Melano- plus hiviitatus Say) were especially tiumerous in the irrigated sections and may be expected to cause local damage to irrigated crops in 1931. In the ''Triangle" area in north-central Montana, increased abundance of grasshoppers Avas noted in Pondera, Chouteau, Libei-ty, and Tlill ennnties. Tn the irrigated section in the vicinitv of Conratl 8 MONTANA EXrERIMEXT STATION BELLETIN 238 and Valier, the Red-legged grasshopper and the Two-striped grass- hopper were very numerous in alfalfa fields while the Migratory grasshopper {Melanoplus mexicanus niexicanus Saussure), which did great damage in the same locality from 1928 to 1925, was conspicuous by its absence. The first two mentioned species seldom cause wide- spread damage over large areas, hut if their increase in 1931 is ju-o- portional to tlie numbers present in the fall of 1930, considerable local damage to irrigated crops may Ix' ex[)ected. In the dry-land section in the soutliern parts of Liberty and Hill counties and in the northern part of Chouteau county, the ]\Iigratory grasshopper is decidedly on the increase and is approach- ing the numbers present just pre\ious to the severe outbreak of 1922-1924. when this species devastated nearly the whole Triangle area. At least a dozen species of grasshoppers ordinarily found in small numbers were unusually a])undant in sod land throughout tlie Triangle area, and if they increase next year some damage to native grasses is expected. From Havre east to the North Dakota line, along the Great North- ern railroad, grasshoppers were more numerous than for several years. In the irrigated sections, the T^vo-striped and Red-legged grasshoppers predominated, while in the dry-land gi-ain sections the Migratory grasshopper was generally the most abundant. Local damage by all three species is to be expected in this territory next year, but no wide- spread outbreak is anticipated. In the eastern end of the State, g'rasshoppers Avere on the increase during 1930 in Richland. Dawson. AYiliaux, Fallon, Custer, Carter, and Powder River counties, but from th(>ir present nnmbors extensive outbreaks are not expected. Along the Northern Pacific railroad in southern Montana, from Miles City to Bozeman, tlie number of grasshoppers has been below normal for several years, but during tlie past season lias increased to approximately the normal level. It is felt that 1931 will be a critical year from the standpoint of gras.shopper abundance. In many localities enough eggs have been laid to provide for an enormous possible increase if weather conditions should prove favorable. On the other hand, it is entirely possible that unusually warm weather in April may cause premature hatching of the eggs, or that a prolonged period of wet weather may so reduce their numV)ers as to wipe out the gains in population made during TWENTY TllilJD li.Ei"UKT OF STATE EXTUMULOGIST 'J tlie past season when weather was favorable to the increase of grass- hoppers. In ease local outln-eaks occur, it will ho ]iif>lily important to apply control measures promptly and to wipe out all large centers of grass- hopper population. Such efforts should not be adopted with the sole aim of preventing local injury to the present crop, but with the more important objective of preventing further increases which might lead to county-wide grasshopper outl)reaks in 1932. It is entirely within reason that a few hundred dollars spent for grasshopper prevention in 1931 may save thousands of dollars that would otherwise be spent for grasshopper control in 1932. WrREWORMS Wireworms, the j'oung of click beetles, must l)e ranked as among the most injurious of insect pests in Montana. Unlike grasshoppers, cutworms, and many other pests, they continue year after j'car. In this State the chief damage is to cereals and potatoes. The farmer knows when grasshoppers are doing damage, and often he sees the damage being done by cutworms, but in the case of wireworms the wheat plant becomes stunted and looks sickly and the farmer seldom suspects the real cause of the trouble. In the case of potatoes the grower gets his first evidence of damage when he digs the potatoes and finds the holes in the tubers caused by the wireworms. Again, while we know a remedy or control for grasshoppers and many other insects, there is no control by insecticides for wireworms and the farmer must depend ou ehanges in farm practice. Wireworms are undoubtedh- doing great damage each year and the Experiment Sta- tion, in cooperation with ^Ir. .M. C. Lane of the United States Bureau of Entomology, is continuing and extending studies conducted by this station during recent years. The wireworm situation in Montana in 1930 was as follows: Two species, Ludius aeripennis Kirby and Ludius inflatus Say, were found at South Cottonwood in Gallatin County where hitherto no damage from wireworms had been reported. Four farmers were obliged to reseed their winter wheat Fields. Three seeded with spring wheat in the damaged fields and one planted peas. Heavy damage was done to the peas following irrigation, the vines being cut off just below the surface of the ground. The spring wheat was also damaged to some extent. 10 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 238 There Avas a severe infestation in the Orchard Homes section near ^lissoula where truck crops were severely damaged. In one case 12,000 eabhage seedlings were destroyed. The species here in- volved was Limonius sp. In Sanders County near Thompson Falls, many farmers have been obliged to stop growing potatoes, though the soil is admirably adapted to the crop, because the wireworms de- stroy the tubers. All crops in this region ai-e attacked. County agents in many other counties have reported wireworm damage. In Fallon County dry-land wheat was destroyed in spots Avhere the damage amounted to 20 per cent. In Pondera County 1500 acres of wheat were destroyed in 1929. In Stillwater County both dry-land and irrigated ])otatoes are being increasingly damaged. In Cascade County increasing damage is being done to both wheat and potatoes. In Blaine County dry-land wheat and irrigated potatoes are being damaged from 25 to 50 per cent in some localities. In Chouteau County dry-land and irrigated wheat and potatoes are being damaged every year though tlie injury is not yet serious. In Roosevelt County dry-land wheat, corn, jiotatoes, and onions are being damaged in some localities. In Hill County there is local damage to dry-land wheat and in spots the damage is always severe. Wireworms are not a serious pest in Flathead County but they do attack wheat. In Phillii)s County dry-land wheat and oats and irrigated potatoes are always thinned to some extent, but the pest is not yet considered serious. In Custer County 1)eans and onions are being damaged. In Broadwater County severe damage to irrigated root crops and corn is reported in some areas. In Ravalli Covuity potatoes and truck crops are severely damaged. THE MORMON CRICKET Anal)rus simplex Ilald. A campaign to eradicate this insect in western Montana was begun by Mr. Mabee in 1927 and further work has been done each season since, including 1980. The worst of the troi;ble is over, but some work mav be necessarv in 1981. At least it will be necessary to examine the affected area. A surprise occurrence of Mormon crickets at Pryor Gap (Big Horn County) late in August, 1930, was reported by 'Mv. Fred Morton, an assistant entomologist in the Board of Entomology, who was placing out tick parasites. An army of the crickets was moving TWENTY-THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 11 across country and had done some damat^e. In previous years serious trouble from tliis insect lias occurred only west of the continental divide. THE RED-BACKED CUTWORM Huxoa ocliiDgasttr Ciucrr. This widely distributed cutworm has been prevalent in Montana during the past two years. In 1929, sugar lieets south of ^Manhattan were seriously daniaged at about thinning time, the damage ])ecoming noticeable after thinning when the worms concentrated on the plants that were left for the crop, thereby seriously reducing the stand. In lht' liitter Root \'all('\- a more serious and more extensive damage was done both in 1929 ami ID.'SO. In the vii-inity of Helena this cutworm also attacked sugar beets. It is one of the common cutworms of the garden iniil li.is at times been injurious to barley. THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM Porosagrotis orthogonia Morr. Doctor Cook, formerly of this staff, has shown that the pale western cutworm appears as a pest in "cycles," that is, under certain climatic conditions in the State, such as a rainfall from May 1 to July 31 of less than four inches, it may increase to destructive num- bers. From his weather records in ^lontana he had predicl^^f^that the pale western cutworm would bt> on the increase in 1929 in certain re- gions in INIontana. In .Iiuie. 1!».!(). Doctor Cook made a field survey to determine the extent of danuige. In general the prediction was vej'i- fied. Damage had occurred in fields near Ilarlowton, Square Butte, and north of Willow Crek. If dry weather continues during the next few years, it may be expected that very severe damage will be done by this insect, particularly in wheat fields. A bulletin embodying the results of the field studies has been issued by the Experiment Station and is available for research workers. The Extension Service has ])ublished a bulletin giving control methods, which is for popular distribution. THE ALFALFA-SEED CHALCIS-FLY Bruchopliagus funebris How. This minute insect feeds in the individual alfalfa seeds and is capable of doing damage ranging to as high as 50 or 60 per cent. The insects do not feed or mature on stored seeds, but develop in 12 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 238 the seed pod in the growing croii and emerge by gnawing small, circular holes through seed and pod about the time the crop is har- vested. A second generation matures in the seed in the spring. This insect has been in jiarts of ^Montana for some years and vmne to prominence in 1930. when seed-houses found rather severe infestations in seed from ]\rontana growers. This insect is of im- portance not only liecause of the actual loss to the seed crop, but because of a natural fear of spreading it through sale of infested seeds. There is need for further work on this chalcis fly in Montana to determine in just what parts of the State it is present and whether the method of early cutting of the crop for hay. in advance of the date when the adult "flies" are ready to lay eggs, as practiced in rana(h). would be effective under our conditions. THE WOOLLY APHIS OF THE APPLE Sfliizoneiira Innigera Hausin. The woolly aphis has been a persistent enemy in some parts of I\Iontana for years, particularly in the commercial orchards in the Bitter Eoot Valley. During the season of 1930. an effort was made to determine whether or not the well-known parasite, Aphelinus mali, was present in the Bitter Eoot Valley. In i^>?.^introduction of parasites for the control of an insect pest, it is necessary to determine first whether or not the parasite it is l)roposed to bring in is already present. The woolly aphis is usually spread to new localities on the roots of nursery stock and on the roots there is little chance of parasites being present. This is one of the pests on which parasites have been used artificially with much success. It is proposed to bring in and liberate parasites in the Bitter Eoot Valley, in case they are not already there. This season's work did not reveal any of the parasites in the orchards of the Bitter Eoot Valley. THE DLA.MOND-BACK MOTH Plutolla maculipennis Cuitis One of the unexpected developments of the year 1930 was the appearance of great numl)ers of this very small caterpillar on mustard crops grown for seed. ^lore commonly this insect is a pest on small areas of field and garden cabbages and related plants. The trouble was brought to our attention too late for assistance to be given this vear. but farmers were advised that the insect can be controlled hv TWENTY-THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 13 (lusting with arsenic compounds. It is possible, and even probable, tliat the insects will die off naturally this winter and not cause ti'oiil.l.' in l!i:n. THE VIRGINIA CREEPER LEAF-HOPPER Ki ytludiieuia y.iczac Walsh From Livingston eastward along the Yellowstone River during recent years, we have received inimerous complaints that this insect is destroying much-prized Virginia creepers. These insects multiply to astounding numbers and by their attacks destroy the foliage, which turns whitish, dries up, and falls off. If the vine is shaken, the insects arise in a cloud, scatter, and soon settle again. Rose bushes are sometimes similarly attacked by a related insect. This pest appears to ])e spreading westward. Apparently it has not yet reached Bozeman. The insect is difficult to control at reason- able expense and further attention should be iriven to it. SHELTER-BELT INSECTS In recent years there has been great interest in ])lanting shelter belts on ^Montana farms. During the past three years Professor Harrington, head of the Department of Horticulture, has cooperated in selecting and planting such shrubs and trees on nearly two thousand farms in Montana. These plantings are creating a new insect pest problem. The shrubs and trees that are being planted are the following: caragana, Russian olive, box elder, laurel willow, golden willow, native cottonwood, Canadian poplar. Northwestern poplar. Chinese elm. American elm, green ash, Colorado blue spruce. Black Hills spruce, jack pine, Scotch pine, western yellow pine. Some of the insects involved are the following : plant lice of many kinds, gall aphids. leaf-cutter bees, leaf beetles, blotch miners (Chrysomellidae), leaf caterpillars, canker worms, wood borers, scale insects, sawflies, l)lister beetles, June beetles, bark boring cutworms, leaf-hoppers, and red spiders. This is a formidable array when it is realized that under some of these names a dozen or more separate insects are included. To work out the problem of these pests would call for the full time of at least one man, but the pressure of other work has not permitted anything to be done so far. Some of the insects involved are already known as pests of shrubs and shade trees in the gardens 14 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 238 and parks in Montana. Tlip combined attack of the many insects on these trees and shru1)s is sufficient in many instances to kill the trees or make them useless. THE MONTANA INSECT SURVEY A State insect survey is primarily a system of records hacked nji hy authentically named specimens of the insects recorded. The ])rocess of making: the survey involves visiting the various parts of the State and making collections and observations. An insect survey is mucli more than dead records; it is a living thing, contributing almost daily to the general welfare of research and extension. It is effective and useful very largely in projioi'tinn to its completeness. In many eases tlie individual farmer does not know whether or not a given pest is on his farm. The grasshoppers he does know, and if wheat or the hay crop is being destroyed he knows this also : yet in many eases a loss sufficient to wijie out his margin of profit is not noticed. Failure to detect the loss often occurs with cutworms, wireworms. alfalfa-seed cha.lcis-fly, wheat-stem sawfly, and many others. In many cases the farmer does not even know of the ex- istence of a given pest. This is why it is essential that the Extension entomologist as he makes his trips over the State should make this insect survey. The survey is a cumulative record, easily consulted. The information so accumulated is of value to the research staff as Avell and lias a definite bearing on what insects shall be the subject of research. A specimen survey card is shown herewith. Mr. W. B. Mabee did a valuable service for ]\Iontana in devising this system of records and in getting the work well under way. He went over the State collection of some 125,000 specimens accumulated during the past thirty-two years and from this and the large accumu- lation of records made some 2260 cards. TWENTY-THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST l.j tttCOXD HO. lOSO Koa. LOCALITY ©'Xja,--o'>*«i^** DATE (>. i> 03) 5-;i-^ ao (>. 3S .^i (. I'X i3 s lo a-* (,. 5. 5Ji8 7 I. Z8 4 8 ^') COLLtCTON H.t.c; n '>-o>^ RCMARKa Trans: frorn o/dL /"tcorc/ Sysli.m, irr-nr^irm "■Si. ' ^ I M 1 N. L I ~i "'i^. ;._ ' 0 IV -J i '• "7 Rl CHLANO 1 4-- ^■-J c") E LD '_, _^, D4WS0N -<;^^ J Tw -^ ■* /">"'— -7^ ~f 't «tlV?*«JC'1 'V Montana Insect Survey Card, showing (above) records of distribution and times of year when catches were made; (below) the reverse side of the same card. 16 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 238 CORRESPONDENCE ON INSECT PESTS Following is a tabulation of tlie subjects of correspondence dur- ing 1929 and 1930, -with the names of the insects, localities, and dates. Each entry in this table called for at least one letter, and in many instances for extended studies and rearing or breeding of the insect sent. Each correspondent was advised of the best known sprays or methods of control. This list of insect pests giving trouble in Montana is far from complete because many of the inquiries go directly to the county agricultural agents. For the information of county agents this office supplies them with mimeographed sheets dealing with many of the leading insect pests. ALFALFA • DATE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCALITY 1929 19: 50 Blister beetle Epicauta maculata Say Laurel June 13 Bertha armv worm Barathra configurata Walk. Victor Aug. 24 Do do Conrad Aug. 21 Do do Miles City Aug. 23 Do do ]\Iissoula Aug. 28 Do do Whitefish June 8 Blister beetle Cantbaris nuttali Sav Butte Julv 3 Do do Edwards July 9 Alfalfa-seed e haleis- Brucliophagus fuuebris How. Sidney * Aug. 13 flv Do do Malta Sept. 6 Blister beetle ;^^,^ero^)asis unieolor Kirby Chinook Aug. 6 Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex Hald. Alder Jan. 3 Do do ANIMAL PARASITES Pryor Gap Aug. o Wood tick Dcrmacentor andersoni Stiles Frazer May .31 Do do White Sul. .Spr. July 31 Do do Onefor, Alta. Sept. 9 Hen flea Echidnopbaga gallinaceus Westw. APPLES Judith Gap July 31 Leaf-roller Sp. undetermined Helena Sept. 11 Pear slug Erioeampoides limacina Retzius CURRANTS Billings Mar. 13 Currant fruit fiy Epochra canadensis F. Locw, , Conrad Aug. 21 Do do Virginia City Mar 7 Do do Drummond May 26 Do do Whitehall June 19 Do do Great Falls June 28 Do do Butte Apr. 9 T\\ EXTY-THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST COMMON XAMK CURRANTS (Continued) DATE SCfKNTIFIC NAMi: LOCAI.rTV V.CU V.)V) Do do Helena July 31 Do do Chester Aug. 6 Currant aphis Mvzus riliis Linn. Livingston Mav 1 Do do Clyde Park Julv 9 Currant stem borer Synantliedon tipuliforniis Linn. Helena May 3 Cottony map] e scale Pulvinaria vitis Linn. Dixon Aug. 21 Currant span worm Itame ribearia Fitch Pray Aug. G Plant lice Aphididae CHERRIES Livingston May 15 Pear slug Eriocampoides limaeina R.etzius Bridger July 2-i Red-humped ; ipple Schizura concinna Sand A. Ronan Aug. 16 caterpillar Do do FLOWERS Kalispell Sept. 3 Rosebud cure ulio Rhvnchites bicolor Fab. Forsyth June 18 Do ■ do Sand Coulee July 9 Do do Sand Spring sJune 18 Do do Highwood June 20 Mites Acarina Conrad May 11 Thrips Frankliniella Sp. Delphia Apr. 20 Moth Coleophoridae Kalispell Mav 1 Black vine weevil Brachyrirrus sulcatus Fab. Helena Mar. 4 Saw-fly Tenthredinidae Boulder Sept. 16 Aphids Aphididae Virginia Cit y Julv 17 Raspberry ca neborer Oberea bimaculta Oliver Choteau July 12 GENERAL GARDEN CROPS False chinch bug Nvsius ericae Schill Wibaux JUiV 2 Do do Chinook July 24 Do do Cutbank June 18 Do do Dillon Julv 12 Do do Lewistown Julv 31 Do do Harlowton Julv 31 Do do Kalispell Sept. 3 Wireworms Elateridae Kabo May 1 Do do Waterloo Aug. 16 Do do Canton June 1 Do do Harrison Sept. 5 Do do Helena June 13 Blister beetles Cantharis nutalli Sav Helena June 13 Do do Townsend Julv 12 Do do Kremlin Julv 11 Do do Townsend Julv 31 Do do Deer Lodge Jul'v 25 Do do Dillon Julv 26 Do do Arlee Julv 26 Do do Big Sandy Julv 26 Cutworm Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grote Livingston May 26 Do do Butte June 9 IS MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 2 138 GENERAL GARDEN CROPS (Continued) DATE COMMON' NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCALITY 1920 1930 Do do Wialkerville June 9 Do do Billings July 12 Do do Missoula July 31 Do do Anaconda July 31 Aphids Aphididae Gateway May 7 Flea bettles Chrvsomelidae Livingston Ma> 26 Do "do Great Falls July 12 Red-back cutworm Exuoa ochrogaster Guon. BEANS Missoula May 26 Red Spider Tetranychus telarius [Ann. CABBAGE Ballantine Sept .10 Cabbage worm Pieris rapae Linn. Missoula Feb. 28 Do do Martinsdale Aug. 21 Do do Joplin July 30 Do do Big Timber May 7 Do do Bridger June 16 Do do Worden June 28 Do do Townsend July 31 Do do Livingston July 31 Do do Elgin Sept. 10 Cabbage maggot Phorbia brassicae Boiu-lio Lewistown Jan. 3 Do do Missoula Feb. 28 Do do Paradise Apr. 20 Do do Helena Apr. 12 Do do E. Helena Mav 9 Do do Eureka May 9 Do do Stevensville July 1 Onion and cabbage Hylemyia cilicrurn Rd. Sixteen Aug. 2 maggot Diamond-back cab- Plutella maculipennis Curti s Wliitefish July o bage moth Do do Choteau July 31 Do do Great Falls July 31 Do do Great Falls Aug. 6 Do do Arlee Aug. 30 Cabbage aphis Aphis brassicae Liuiu Hingham June 28 Do do CORN Anaconda Aug. 6 Pale western cutworm Porozagrotis orthogonia Morr. Wibaux June IS Bumble flower beetle Euphoria inda Linn. Wolf Creek Aug. 31 Common corn ear Heliothis obsoleta Fab. Canton ^lay 2.5 worm Do do Bozeman Sept. 9 Do do ONIONS Cardwell Sept. 19 Onion maggot Hvlemvia antiqua Mcig. Missoula. June 18 Do do' iPhilipsburg May 7 Do do Laurel June 9 Do do Bridger .Tune 28 TWEXTY THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST It) GOOSEBERRIES DATE coM.Mux na:\ii: SCIiCNTIFIC NAME LOCALITY l'.)2!l 1030 Aphids Aphididac Dagmar July 3 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS Millipedes Millipedes Hardin Oct. 10 Do do Emigrant Oct. 9 Bedbugs Gimex lectularius Linn. Whitehall July 0 Do do Flaxville Mar. 21 Cockroaches Blattidae Sp. Helena July 24 Do do Outlook Jan. 3 Do do Helena Sept. 8 Golden spider beetle Niptus hololeueus Fald. JUitte Oct. 10 Do do Butte Sept. 18 Black crickets Gryllus assimilis Fab. Miles City Sept. 10 Clothes moths Tineola biselliella Hun. Bridger June 28 Do do Dillon Aug. 20 Red clover mite Brvobia pratensis Garman Pineview May 29 Do ' do Whitehall May 29 Ants Formicidae LAWNS Lambert Aug. 12 Ants Formicidae Bridger June 28 Do do Great Falls July 31 Do do Laurel July 31 Do do Butte Julv 26 Do do Three Forks Mav / Do do Three Forks May 7 Angle worms Lumbrieus terrestris Dan vers Mar. 5 Do do Great Falls Apr. 9 Do do Choteau Apr. 23 Do do ' OATS Conrad July 31 Hemiptera Abe Sept. 2 PLUMS Aphids Aphididae Park City June 4 Plum gouger Coceotorus scutellaris LeC. Ballantine Aug. 2 Do do Red Lodge Sept, . 24 Do do Billings Feb. 11 Do do Joliet June 28 Do do RASPBERRIES Musselshell July 31 American raspberry Byturus unicolor Say Missoula June 11 beetle Do do Plains July 31 Raspberry caneborer Obcrea bimaculata Oliver Savage Jan. 5 Do do Savage Sept . 9 Red spider Tetranychus telarius Linn. Missoula June 11 Do do Havre Apr. 9 Do do Havre Mar. 27 Do do Shelby Aug. 6 Yellow iackets Vespidae Ronan Julv 25 .\1U-\TAXA EXPKKI-MEXT STATION BULLETIN 238 STRAWBERRIES Common namk SCIIONTIFIC NAME LOCALITY DATE 1029 1930 Sti'awbcrrv lenf rr .Her Aiu'vlis eomptana Froelil. Stevensville Tune 18 Do ■(lo Billings June 10 Do do Billings June 16 Strawberry root Otiorhync-hus ovatus Linn. Kalispell July 8 weevil Do do Kaiispell Aug. 8 Do do Kaiispell Aug. 8 Do do Coram July 9 Do do Plains May 29 Saw-flies Tentliridinidae Liviiigston July <) STORED PRODUCTS Moths Sp. undetermined Dillon Apt. 12 Grain bettle Cucujidae Billings June 4 Saw-tootlied grain Silvanua surinamensis Linn. Butte Aug. 15 bettle Larder beetle Dermestes lardarius Linn. Ronan May 29 Do do SUGAR BEETS Craig Aug. 13 Red back cutworm Exuoa oehrogaster Guen. Helena June 13 Sugar beet Avebworm Loxostege stictiealis Linn. Reed Point Sept. 1(3 Do do Dillon Sept. 16 Do do Bozeman Sept. 16 Do do Malta Sept. 11 SOIL Angle worms Lumbricus terrestris Baker Julv 1 Do do Livingston July 1 Do do TREES I'l rnia June 25 Spruce gall louse Cliermes cooleyi Gill. Ronan Apr. 25 Aphis lion Crysopidae Glasgow Julv 8 Blister beetles Cantharis nut tali Sav Havre Ju'y 24 Do do Big Timber June 23 Fall webworm Hypliantria eunea Drury Missoula Aug. 13 Plant louse Mordwilkoja vagabunda Walsh Sweet Grass Apr. 8 Red spider Tetranvchus telarius Linn. Butte Aug. 21 Do do" Great Falls Aug. 21 Scale Lecanium sp. Missoula Feb. 26 Spruce gall louse Cliermes coolevi Gill. Great Falls Julv 2 Do do Lewistown Juh- 2 Do do Square Butte June 18 Western ten-lined Polyphylla deccmlineata Say Hamilton Aug. 7 June Ijettle ASH Borer Ijopidoptera Custer Aug. 14 TWENTY THIRD RKPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 21 COMMON XA.MI-: Box Elder a^jhis Do Box Elder bug Do Measuring worm BOX ELDER SCn:.\"TIl'IC XAMK Periplivllus negundiiiis Tlios. do" Leptoeoris trivittatus Say do Geometridae LdC AMTV DATE V.C.) VX'A) Seobey Nov. I'y Great Falls Apr. 9 Reserve Oct. 2-1 Seobey Oct. 24 Choteau Julv 2 Aphids Do Cottonwood leaf l)eetle Do Cottonwood leaf miner Do Cottonwood sphinx Do Cutworms Do Sword-tailed borer Vagabond gall Cutworms COTTONWOOD Ahpididae do Liua seripta Fab. do Zeugopliora scutellaris Suff. do Pachvspliinx modesta Harris do Sp. undetermined do Tremex Mordwilkoja vagabunda Walsh L'feus plicatus Grote Bridger Hridger Helena Fort Benton Fort Benton Shelby Great Falls Malta Butte Alder P'ort Benton Choteau Ryegate June 4 June 28 Mar. 23 July 31 July 31 Aug. 20 Julv 11 Julv 31 Julv 31 Julv 31 Aug. 18 July 25 Apr. 20 Elm borer Plant lice Cutworm Cottony maple scale Poplar leaf-folding sawflv Do" Vagabond gall Do Brovrn twig aphis Saperda sp. ELM POPLAR Billings Virginia creeper leafhopper Do Erythr do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Aphididae Ufeus hulsti Smith Pulvinaria vitis Linn. Pontania bozemani Cooley do Mordwilkoja vagabunda Walsh do WILLOW Sp. undetermined VINES Ervthroneura ziezac Walsh Butte Chinook Whitetail Anaconda Helena Melstone Terry Terry Whitehall Reed Point Livingston Mav 11 Pony .Tuly 25 Ponv Julv 23 Miles City June 13 Butte Aug. 2 Aug. 6 Mar. 23 Julv 31 Aug. 6 Livingston Aug. 6 Aug. 8 Mar. 27 June 16 June 17 July 31 Aug. 15 Aug. 22 22 MOXTAI>JA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 238 WHEAT DATE COAI.MOX NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCALITY 1929 1930 Hessian fly ]\[ayetiola destructor Say Baker Aug. 6 Seed corn maggot Hylemyia cilicura Eond Hysham May 15 Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex Hald. Thompson Falls Apr. 26 Do do Shelby July 11 Do do Pryor Gap Aug. 1 Pale western cutworm L Porosagrotis orthogonia Morr . Eaymond Nov. 29 Do do Homestead Feb. 21 False wireworm Tenebrionidae Hysham Apr. 20 Tiger moth Apantesis uevadensis G. & E. Hysham Apr. 16 Do do Havre Apr. 12 Cutworms Noctuidae Wibaux June 8 Do do Highwood June 11 Do do Missoula Feb. 28 Do do Valier June 13 Do do Chinook Julv 31 Grasshoppers Orthopera sp. Fort Benton July 30 ' Do do Glasgow Aug. 2 Do do Ronan Aug. 9 Do do Billings Aug. 16 Do do Choteau Sept. Do do Lewistown Oct. 1 Do do Albion Oct. 1 Do do Paradise Oct. 1 Do do Coalwood Nov. 29 Do do Lewistown Apr. 9 Do do Glasgow Mar. 5 Do do Tlinmpson Falls Apr. 26 Do do Havre June 16 Do do Winnett July 11 Do do Monida June 20 Do do Big Sandy Aug. 15 Carolina locust Dissosteira Carolina Linn. Circle Julv 26 Packard grasshopper Melanoplus packardi Scud. Circle July 26 Eed-leg locust Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG. Camps Pass Aug. 8 Wireworms Alaus melanops Lee. Thompson Falls June 13 Do do Harlem Sept. 22 Do do Chinook Sept. 16 SENT IN FOE IDENTIFICATION ONLY Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex Hald. Scobey Sept. 27 Do do Thompson Falls Apr. 26 June beetle Phyllophaga sp. Austin June 8 Glover 's silkworm Samia gloveri Strecker Great Falls Aug. 21 moth Do do Billings July Do do Scobey Aug. Assassin bug Phymata fasciata Gray Scobey Aug. 31 Wasp Polisties sp. Baker Aug. 28 Do do Billings Feb. 11 TWEXTY-THIRD REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 23 COMMON NAMK SENT IN FOR IDENTIFICATION ONLY (Continued) DATE LOCALITY 192!) 1930 SCIENTIFIC NAME Centipede Chilopoda Chinook Julv 30 Grain beetle Sp. undetermined Hamilton July 2 Gall mite Plentywood June 20 Ground beetle Sp. undetermined Big Sandy June 18 Spider Solpugida Reichle Aug. 16 Do do Great Falls Julv 11 Do do Geyser July 11 Do do Rock Springs Aug. 1.5 Paehysphynx moth Pachysphiux modesta Herr. Baker July 1 Sphinx moth Celerio lineata Fab. Rollins June 20 Do do Bear Creek Aug. 12 Do do Troy Aug. 16 Do do Cutbank Aug. 19 Vancouver sphinx Sphinx vancouverensis Hv. Edw. Fort Benton July 24 Yellow jackets Yespidae Livingston Aug. 6 Do do Whitefish Sept . 0 Do do Ronan Aug. 8 Dragon fly Sp. undetermined Columbus Aug. 16 Do (larvae) do Harlem Aug. 23 American silkworm Samia cercopia Linn. Flaxville July 2 moth Do do Armington Mav 29 Spring tails Collembola Ronan Julv 2.T Long horn beetle Cerambycidae Thompson Falls Mar. 2(3 Moth Ufeus hulsti Smith Rapelje Julv 9 Slaughter house Periplaneta americana Linn. Butte Oct. 24 cockroach Worm Great Fails Aug. 23 Do Pineview Apr. 11 Do Conrad Apr. 9 Moth Yandalia Mar. 27 Rodent bot fly Cuterebra tenebrosa Coq. Laurel July 26 Cicada Okanagana rimosa Sav Ronan June 30 Do do Ronan Julv 31 Do do Missoula July 31 Scale Lecanium sp. Havre Apr. 23 Scale Bozemau Feb. 26 Carrion beetles Peerless Mav 26 Mites (on house Conrad Feb. 11 plant) Tree crickets Big Sandy Aug. 1.5 Jerusalem crickets Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald. Roundup Aug. 27 Do do Melstone Aug. 22 Do do Jordan Aug. 30 Mealy bug Pseudococcinae Geyser Aug. 21 Hornets Yespidae Billings Aug. 20 Robber fly Asilidae Eureka Aug. 25 Caterpillar Papilionidae Lewistown Aug. 21 Do do Great Falls Sept. 3 BOZEMAN CHRONICLE PRINT