553.9 E3R L932 NO. 24 NO. 26!t DECEMBER, 1932 Montana Insect Pests for 1931 and 1932 The T\\ent\ -Fourth Report of the State Entomologist of Montana BY A. L. .Stkam), State Extomologist P^J^JiisiiCi^5^li*V^_ The sugnr-bopt wehwonn, (Loxostege stir-ticalis L.) greatly euhirged. This was the most destructive insect in gardens, l)eet fields, peas, and alfalfa in 10.'',2. .MONTANA STATE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERLNLENT STATION BOZEMAN, MONTANA STATE PyeUCWIOtiSCOLLECTON OCT 312007 MONTANA STATE LIBRARY 1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620 LETTER OF TRANSMTTTAl Bozciiian, Moutaua, December 15, 1932 To His Exeelleney, Governor John E. Eiickson, Helena, Montana. My dear Sir: I present herewitli the twonty-fourtli report of the State Entomologist of Montana. The first twenty-three reports, from 1903 to 1930, were issued by Prof. R. A. Cooley. When Professor Cooley took up his Avork as entomologist of the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 1899, practically nothing was known about the injurious native and introduced insects which had already begun to affect agricultural crops. The fruit insects such as the codling moth, oyster shell scale, etc., were the first to attract attention. I'ruit growing was all important. The claim made by others that this new country was free of the insect pests which handicapped the industry else- where proved to be an unsupported boast. Later, with the breaking up of thousands of acres of prairie land, it was discovered that certain native insects, which had existed in small numbers on native grasses, could transfer their attention to wheat and other grain crops. The new conditions favored the insects. In some years their populations rose to enormous numbers. Manj"^ of these were new to the science of economic entomology; no control methods were kno^vn; little information was available about their life cycles on which possible control schemes might be based. Entomologist Cooley was faced with the necessity of beginning at the very bottom to dig out the essential facts about these pests and to experiment on possible methods by which their ravages could be counteracted. For thirty-one years he devoted liis best efforts to this work. It was not long after he came to Montana that the desirability was recognized of setting up some way by which the information lie obtained through the support given him by the Agricultural Experiment Station could he put into more effective practice; also there was the question of protect- ing our agricultural industry from foreign i^ests likely to be introduced un- less proper precautions were taken. The outcome was the creation of the office of State Entomologist by the 1903 session of the legislature. It was provided thereby that the entomologist of the experiment station sliould act as the chief entomological officer of the state, not only to accumulate information on insect problems but to carry it to the farmers of the state and aid them in insect control campaigns based on that information. For the first eleven years after tlie creation of the office there was no statewide organization for agricultural work through Avhich the state entomologist could work. Since 1914, however, when the agricultural exten- sion service was instituted, the entomological program has been carried out mostly tlirough cooperation with the county agricultural extension agents. Montana State Library 3 0864 1004 0623 3 When it is considered how snuiU were the approi^riatious available for this wofk it is safe to say that in few other respects have the farmers of the state received as full value in return for the money expended. Xo other factor, save drouth or other adverse weather conditions, is more important to the raising of crops in Montana than the control of injurious insects. The hazard they constitute, though, is one that can bo successfully combated in most instances. As time goes on, further study and experi- mentation is continually reducing the number of injurious species for which no control measures exist. This work, we believe, is a very justifiable func- tion of the state. Respectfully yours, A. L. STRAND, State Entomologist. Twenty-Fourth Report of the State Entomologist CONTENTS Page I'Mfic liitrodiRtioii 4 Mormon cricket l.S Cutwoi-ms 6 Sugar-beet webworni 1:^ Grasslioppers 8 Fruit insects 1." New pest of wheat 12 Correspondence HI INTRODUCTION The expenditures of the State Entomologist were limited to an appropriation of $500 in 1931-32, and $450 in 1932-33. It is thus perfectly evident from the amount of money available that no extensive insect-control activities, no matter how great the emergency might be, could be undertaken. On account of the threatened grass- liop}:)er outbreaks it was possible through cooperation with the Agri- cultural Extension Service to employ an assistant during four months of the 1931 season and during two months of 1932. The work was very largely limited therefore to the control of grasshoppers. Other services were necessarily carried out through correspondence. The unprecedented outbreak of the sugar-beet webworm should have received more active attention from this office. Although hundreds of telephone calls and letters, asking for the identification of the insect and methods of control, were handled, in few instances was it possible to furnish the direct supervision of control operations that was requested. Our efforts relative to this insect were greatly supplemented by County Agent Kay Cameron at Great Falls, and County Agent R. B. McKee at Billings, who by frequent radio talks l)rought information on webworms not only to farmers of their own counties but also to those in many other parts of the state. In an agricultural region such as Montana, where rainfall, insect population, and crop production fluctuate greatly from one year to the next, one of the most valuable services that can be rendered the farmers, from the entomological standpoint, is the prediction of injurious insect outbreaks. If farmers can be warned in advance that a certain insect is soon to become a serious menace to crops, they can prepare to take the necessary steps toward its control. By tak- TWENTY FOFRTir REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 5 ing advantage of niotliods wliieh Jiave been worked out largely l)y the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, for which that insti- tution has gained a world-wide reputation, predictions were furnished in regard to the pale western cutworm, grasshoppers, and the sugar- beet webworin. The advance notice on this cutworm was given about nine montlis ahead of the outbreak of 1932, from information developed l)y Dr. R. E. AYjill and was based on the rainfall records of 1930 and 1931. The pretlietiou came true with a vengeance, as some 140,000 acres of grain were affected. This was the largest acreage infested by the pale western cutworm since 1921. The rela- tionship between weather conditions and the^webworm is not suffi- ciently worked out to make possible such a long-range prediction as in the case of the pale western cutw^orm. However, several weeks' notice on webworms was given. This probably came to the attention of relatively few farmers and it is true that most of them were unfamiliar with the possible danger from webworms until they sa"\v their gardens and field crops disappearing from invasions of untold numbers of these insects. Grasshopper surveys were made througli cooperation with Dr. J. R. Parker, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, with headquarters in Bozeman. In 1931 the Federal agency assumed the entire cost of the survey : in 1932 it paid the necessary travel expense and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station paid the salary of the assistant employed for the work. The advance information obtained, that is the accurate data as to where eggs have been laid by grasshoppers in sufficient number to cause trouble the following year, is of real value. A successful campaign against grasshoppers depends on early organization for the work, and early poisoning of the young grasshoppers before they have spread from the egg beds into crops. In addition to the insects which attack our major crops there are otliers that need serious attention. Among these are the pests of shade trees. Some of these insects, such as the defoliators, the com- mon aphids, red spider, and a few others, can lie controlled. There are many others, though, on which we have not sufficient informa- tion to base satisfactory recommendations. Among these are blister beetles, leaf-cutter bees, some gall-forming aphids, leaf-rollers, and several species of borers. The leaf -cutter bees and the borers are tlie most important. So far none of the species of borei's in Montana has ever been controlled by spraying, notwithstanding various claims 6 MONTANA EXPEEIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 to the contrary. The Montana Agricultural Experiment Station is investigating some of tliese pests of shade and shelterbelt trees and new methods of control based upon reliable information will bo made known as fast as they can be developed. INSECTS AND ECONOMICS It is perhaps true that in a time when farmers may be losing jnoney on every bushel of grain produced and on every animal sent 1o market, no justification, based solely on economic return, can be made for insect control work. We realize that although insects, next to dry weather, are the greatest hazard to the grain crops of Montana, nevertheless right now if not a leaf were ever touched l»y an insect, it would make little difference in the economic condition of the farming industry. In spite of this critical situation the need of the individual farmer to save his crops was such that nearl.y $20,000 was spent during the summer of 1932 for chemicals to combat various insect pests. The requests for information ort insects have not decreased; in the past two summers, which were bad insect years all over the country, such requests have increased. Agricultural production depends on the successful control of the environment. Even if we have to drop back during the next few years to "agriculture as a way of living," the insect problem will continue to beset us, and possibly become even more important. OUTLOOK FOR CUTWORMS IN 1933 Pale Western Cutworm — Agrofis orihogonia Morr More widespread infestations of the pale western cutworm were experienced in grain in 1932 than in any season since 1921. Ex- tensive crop damage resulted in most of the northern part of A'alle.y County, in the Judith Basin, in western Fergus County, and in western Gallatin County. Light, scattering infestations were recorded from many other sections. A few thousand acres of grain, together with a small acreage of corn, cultivated mustard, and flax, ^vere completely destroyed by the cutworms, and reports show that 140,000 acres of crop were noticeably damaged. (See figure 1.) Favorable moisture conditions early in the season enabled grain to get such a start that light or moderate infestations of the cut- worm did not completely take the crops in most instances. The very serious outbreak of the pale western cutworm in 1919-21 followed the drv vears of 1918 and 1919. Studies made T\vi;\'iv i-onrni in-:i'()irr of state entomoix)GIST 7 by the Montana Experiment Station liave sliown that dry conditions during' M;iy, Jnne, and Jnly hi-infj about the increase of tlie cutworm \vliich results in ci'oi) (hinia^'e the followinor year. Two dry years in succession an' esfxH-ially serious with respect to pale western eut- MONYANA Figure 1. — The 1932 outbreak of the Pale Westeru Cutworm. About ] 40,000 acres of crop was damaged. worm abundance. Once the pest becomes bad, more than one j^ear of normal weather is required before the cutworm numbers are reduced. Su])normal moisture conditions during the critical periods in 1930 and 1931 were responsible for the 1932 outbreak, which was predicted in advance on the basis of precipitation records. The normal rainfall during the 1932 season undoubtedly restricted develop- ment of the cutworms, nevertheless some carry-over into 1933 is expected in the districts which are infested. This prediction is based upon observation of fair flights of the mollis in those areas during the first week in September and upon the history of the similar carry-over effect in 1921. Only those districts which experienced trouble last spring are expected to harbor infestations again in 1933. The general showers during the latter part of August this season came at a very desirable time since crusts were formed over fallow fields which, if left unbroken, made the surface unattractive for egg-laying. Stubble fields which were disturbed by harvesting 8 MUX TAX A EXPEKl.MK.XT .STATIOX BULLETIX 209 operations probably oauglit most of the eggs in sections wliere the recommended practice was followed of leaving fallow undisturbed nntil after September 15. Army Cutworm — Chorizagrotis atiriliaris Grt. Three ontbreak areas of army cutworm were recorded during 1932. That in southeastern Montana centered in Big Horn and southern Yellowstone counties where several hundred acres of grain and alfalfa were severely damaged. In Lake, Missoula, and Ravalii counties in western ^Montana, alfalfa, grain, and young beets were damaged, and along the Judith Mountains in Fergus County the army cutworm was destructive to grain. The amount of crop totally destroyed was considerably less than in 1931. However, the two years, 1931 and 1932. liave seen the army cutworm nmch more abundant than it was during the preceding ten years. Poisoned bran bait was applied on a small scale for this cut- worm in most infested localities. In Lake County where about a iOn was used particularly good results were reported. ]\Ioisture conditions during April were favorable so that crops, thougli dam- aged by the cutworms, were able to make good growth, and under those circumstances growers were much less inclined to poison than when the growing crops disappear completely. This pest does not increase during di-y weather in the same Avay as tlie pale western cutworm, aiid it is not possible at ])resent to forecast trouble with such certainty. The moth was found flying in only small or moderate numbers during September in central and south-central Montana and it seems likely that the si)eeies Avill show a decline during the coming season. Red-backed Cutworm — Euxon o('hroy the sugar-heet webworm occurred during the summer of 1931 ))Ut the widespread and sevei-e outbreak of this insert which developed in 1932 sui-i)assed any previous infes- tation within the records of this office. 14 MONTANA EXrERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 Conservative estimates obtained from several different sources show that the folUiwing acreages were partially or completely (Icsti'oycd : Alfalfa 73,825 acres Gardens 5,685 acres Sweet clover 7,520 acres Field peas 525 acres Corn - 140 acres Total 87,695 acres The foregoing estimates do not include sugar beets. Being 1 tetter prepared to fight leaf -feeding insects, through cooperation with the sugar companies who supplied arsenic and sprayers, the l)eet growers were able to handle the webworm problem without such extensive losses as occurred in the case of other field crops. The damage to gardens was very severe. As a result of the drought the previous year many sections of the state depended on gardens as the first local s:ource from which to replenish food sup- plies. Sudden attacks by tremendous armies of webworms com- pletely wiped out hundreds of such gardens and as many more were badly damaged before any protective measures could be applied. In some cases the webworms came in such great numbers that crops were lost in spite of any and all combative practices. In one instance an onion grower with excellent croj) prospects lost seven uut of nine acres of onions within two days in spite of having sprayed tlie plants with one application of Paris green. Not enough poison could be put on the plants to save them. Wliere the web-worms occurred in moderate numbers good success was obtained in gardens through the use of heavy applications of Paris green or arsenate of lead. lli-avy losses were incurred \>\ ttu' alt'alfa-seiHl growers. A large pari ol" the alfalfa acreage \\'hicli would otherwise have I)een kept for seed was cut early for hay. Young alfalfa suffered heavily as much of this coidd uol withstand the att;u*k like older plantings. The over-winterini;' generation of moths (responsiI»le for the fii'st genei-alioii of webworms), was very large in 1931 as well a.s in 1932. In each of these years the flight of moths was so heavy fi-om i\Iay to late June that there is sti-ong evidence that they were responsil)le TWENTY-FOURTH EEPOKT 01' STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 15 for the low honey flow in these years. Beekeepers observed that after light showers which brought out the moths in millions, there was a reduction in tlie amount of honey produced. FRUIT INSECTS The Codling Moth {Carpocapsa pomonella L.). In the Hamil- ton section of the Bitter Root Valley apple orchards which have been unsprayed for one to three years show from 2 to 15 per cent codling moth infestation. In a few orchards the percentage runs even higher. In the Missoula district the unsprayed orchards show from 40 to 50 per cent infestation. In either of these districts one lead arsenate spray was sufficient in many cases to reduce the infestation to 1 per cent. In cases where both the calyx and first cover sprays were applied the damage from codling moth was negligible. The Oystershell Scale (Lepidosaplies ulmi L.). On account of less spraying being done the last two or three years, the oyster- shell scale has increased to a point where 1 to 4 per cent of the fruit was infested. Woolly Aphis {Eriosoma laniyera liausm.). This insec^t is very bad in the central part of the Bitter Root VaUcy around Hamilton, Victor, and Stevensville. Associated with it in a few orchards is the disease known as perennial canker. Tlie spread of this disease nov. makes the control of woolly aphis very nnich more imjiortant than formerly. Advantage is being taken of the Oregon method \)\ which the aphis is destroyed with tobacco extract sprays, cankered tissue cut out, and the new wood protected by a special paint. Green Apple Aphis (Apliis mali DeG. ). Very general distribu- tion of the green apple aphis occurred in 1932 and heavy infestations were common on the younger trees. Wasps (Vespidae). Several species of wasps oi- yelUnv jackets caused an important loss to tlie eliei-i-y erop 1>> rating tlu- jjartially ripened fruit. Some trouble fioni these inseets was experienced in the Bitter Root Valley but il was in the l^Mathead cherry districts that they became a major j'est. It lias been noted in the past thai wasps become enormously aluindant dui-ing twn (ir tiirec years and then suddenly drop to insignificant numljers. This will doubtless happen in this instance but a reliable control method is vci-> much needed The Montana Agricultural Experiment Station will make an effort to solve the problem during the coming .season. 1(5 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION Bl'LLETIN 269 CORRESPONDENCE ON INSECT PESTS The i'ollowing tabulation of the insect i)est correspondence for ] 931-32 is made up of inquiries whicli came to the state entomologist's office and represents only a small part of the entire correspondence in Ihe state on tliis subject, for nnich of it was handled directly by the county agricultural agents. The list as printed here is a fair sample of the many destructive insects against which farmers have 1o defend their crops. This list of insects is printed not with the idea of showing the volume of correspondence which is liandled but rather Toward fulfilling the need for information as to the seasonal distribution of injurious insects over the state, a complete record (if which for a scri(^s of years is of great value in studying the rise and fall of iiiscd |)0|)ubit ions as correlated with weather conditions. ALFALFA i'.V'l'K ("(».M.M(»X XA.MK SCIKXTIFIC .\A,\IK LdCAI^lTY 111 .-.l li •;;:' mister beetle lOpii-alita iiKu-ul.ila Say Di.\ou .Ii dy t; I>o « (b> Dillon .Inly i:; l>o do Kouiiduji .Inly b". l>o y April -•:> Do lb.. Ashlun.l April '.'4 r>o do Boyes April 1'4 Do do Broadus April •_'(J Lio .lo Sehvay April m Do do Brusett .May .". Do do Lodge Grass .May ■1 Do do Wyola May 0 Do du Silesia May 7 I>o do Lame Deer -May 8 Alfalfa louper Antographa i-aliforuica S| leyei' Kalist>''il July p ANIMAL PARASITES Wood til Do r.ot fly )erni:ii'entor andersoni Stiles .\ngusta M.iy i:; do Spriiiicdale .May lyiioderuia lineala DeN'ill. L)eer Lodge ,lniie -It TWENTY-FOURTK RKPORT OF STATE EXTO^rOLOGTRT 17 APPLES Blister raite Eriophyes pyri I'gst. Do do Do do Do do Do d.) Oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulnii L. Aphids (Aphididaej Do do Do do foilliiig moth Carpocapsa ponionclla L. Do do Tent caterpillar Malacosoma americana Fabi "Fruit-fly" Anacampta latiuscula Loew. Flat-headed borer Chrysobothris femorata Oliv, Do do CURRANTS Currant aphis Myzus ribis L. Do do Do do Do do Fruit-fly Epochra canadensis Loew. Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do CHERRIES Ants Forniicidae Black cherry aphis Myzus cerasi Fabr. Do do Cherry slug Nematodes Do Bulb-mite Aphids Spiny rose Curculio Do Do Do Sap feeders Crane fly la Gall insect Eriocampoides limacina Retzius FLOWERS -all Camas Hot Springs Camas rhompsou Falls Eureka Mori n.-e Miles City li.uiriu Butte r. road us I'olsoii I '. i li : 1 1 .irs lliintloy Springdalo Wliitofish Juno .lune June June Oct May June Mny Dec. 14 It; 21 •-'4 :-'0 ."i 11 July July r> .May June 11 Feb. May Deer Lo'iivi,' .May Clioteau Billings Great Falls Helena ^Mar. Great Falls .Mar. Missoula .Vpril Bison .May Deer Lodge May Bozeman May Uvingstoii Sheridan White Suli>linr Hamilton Kalispell Columbia Falls Pompeys •Pillar April Earthworms Do Do Do Phizoglyphus hyacinthi Boisi Apbididae Diplolepis bicolor Harr. Rhynchites bicolor Fabr. do do do Xitidulidae Tipulidae H.vmenoptera GENERAL GARDEN CROPS terrestris Butte .Vnacoiula liillings .\ug. White Sulphui' r.illin>?s Duttoa Miles '"ity Judith Gap I'romberir Divide Hele.ia Mol^tone .Mai Ijuml)ricus do do do Valier Danvers Chadbourii Gerald ine I'O May Aug. Aug. r> 31 10 !i i;o I'C. May May Julv 28 July Aug. Julv S s 14 1.". IS i:; IT IT ic :!l IT 11 June ',i June 21 5 -Vug Aug 11 24 June 2:5 June 2".i Aug. 4 Jan. 2.", Aug. 0 Feb. 0 no .Vpril 12 June 10 Sept. 8 Sept. 0 18 MONTANA EXi'EKlMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 GENERAL GARDEN CROPS (Coutinued) Earthworms Li umbricus terrestris Havre Apr. .*> Do do Moutague May 13 Do do Helena May 15 Do do Lodge Grass June 12 Garden slug Agriolimax agiestis Linu. ApLids A] |)hididae Kyegate Oct. 1) Leather jackets Ti pulidae Opheim July 12 Do do Terry Oct. 1,S Onion maggot 11 ylemyia antiqiia Meig. Whitefish April 1 Do do Missoula April 21 Do do Stevensville May 8 Do do Walkerville Sept. 30 Do do Florence April •> Do do Arlee Mar. 2S Do do Stevensville ISIar. 5 Do do Bridger June ;; Do do Big Timl)er June 30 Do ■ hi Kalispell Aug. 17 Seed corn maggot 11 ylemyia cilicrurM Uonilani St. Ignatius May 30 Do do Glasgo\v J une 7 Do do Missoula J une 10 Do do Stevensville June 1.3 Do do Bowdoin June Iti Flea beetles C'hrysomelidae Big Tiuiber .rune 3 Do do Missoula .luue 17 Do do ?tlaschetah .July 14 Do do Thoeuy July IG Do do Malta Aug. 19 Do do Uebra May ;> Do do Billings May IS Do do Arlee May .31 Do do Hogeland May :;i Do do Biddle June 15 White grubs Scarabaeid ae Missoula June •) Do do Gildford .Tune 16 Blister beetle Epieauta penusylvaiiica DeGeer Dillon July 16 Do do Havre May 20 Do Epicauta maculata Say Glendive .Tune 24 Do do Missoula June 24 Do do Deer Lodge June 25 Do do Glendive June 25 Do do Sinims July 14 Cabbage looper Autograph; 1 brassieae Riley Boulder June L'.'t Sugar-beet webworm Loxostege stieticalis L. Great Fa'ls Juno 25 Do do Lewistown June 2G Do do Moccasin June 30 Do do Townseud July 1 Do do Broadview July 1 Do do Moccasin July 2 Do do Shelby July 27 Do do Harrison July 28 Do do Helena Aug. 1 Do do Big Sandy Aug. 14 Do do Glasgow Aug. 20 Do do Richland Aug. 24 Do do Helena June 2S Do do Roundu]) June 2!) Do do Deer Lodge June 2!l TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 19 GENERAL GARDEN CROPS (Continued) Sugar-beet wehworm Loxostege sticticalis L. Ingomar June 29 Do do Redstone .lune li'.t Do do Freedom June 30 Do do Tvewistowii July 1 Do do White Sulphur July 1 Do do Sand Springs July 1 Do do Kelley July 1 Do do Craig July o o Do do Fairfield July 0 Do do Jordan July 7 Army cutworm Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grote Big Timber May ") Do do Camas May 11 Do do Walkervilie May 13 Do do Dillon May 15 Do Do do Bridger June 3 Do do Big Timber June 30 Do do POTATOES Kalispell Aug. 17 Wireworms Elateridac Libby Mar. ir> Do do Living Springs July 11 Do do Bowler Deo. 5 20 .MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS Pscudo-seorpions I'seudoscorpiouida Manhattan April 18 Do do Bozenian May 6 Ked olDvor iiiito Byrobia pratensis G; irinan Great Falls .May 5 Mites Tetranychus sp. Roundup Nov. 13 Do a.) Stockett Xov. 25 Do do Hardin May 24 Silverflsh Lepisma saccharina Linn. Great Falls Aug. 29 Do do Helena Oct. «> Do do Missoula Sept. 30 Do do Billings Oct. 10 Cockroach Periplaneta amerieana Linn. Manhattan Mar. n Do do Helena .\ug. 17 T?pf] luis 111! liter Keduvius personatus T.iiiii. P.illings .I,-iii. v.\ Bed bug Ciniex lectularius liinn. Helena :Mar. 34 Do do Deer Lodge April 15 Do do Billings .Alay C. Do do Butte June 11 Do do I'levna July 29 Do do Richey July 31 Do do Belton April 21 Do do Great Falls June 1 Do do Camas June 9 Do do Thompson Falls June 27 Do do Missoula Aug. s Do do I'hilipsburg Aug. n Do do Missoula .\ng. 17 Do do Great F.ills .Vug. 17 Confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Duval. Missoula .Tnne *> Do do Turner July 20 Do do Wolf Point .A.ug. 26 Do do Belgrade Sept. 1 fioldeu spider beetle Niptus hololeucus F aid. Philipslinrg Mar. 7 Larder beetle Dermestes lardarius Linn. Scobey M.iy 20 Do do Havre July 31 Do do Scobey .May 14 Do do Belgrade Sept. 30 Black carpet beetle Attagenus piceus 01 iv. Great Falls Oct. 16 Do do ^Missoula Feb. 5 Buffalo i^trpet li(",'tle Anthrenus scropliulariae Linn. Lewistown :\Iay 20 Do do .Missoula .\pril n Do do Helena .Vpril •>■> Fleas Ctenocephalus canis Curtis Cnlbertson Sept. .30 Mediterranean flour Ephestia kuehniella Zell. Cascade O.'t. 27 motli Clothes moth Tineola biselliella Hnnnu. Hardin .\pril 6 Do do Choteau July 18 Ants Formlcidne Billings .\pril 3 Do do Charlo .\pvil 3 Do do Bigfork June 11 Do do Hardin June 26 Do do Havre June 30 Do do Broeton July 8 Do do Billings July 28 Do do Butte .\pri; I 30 Do do Livingston May 16 Do do Big Timber :\Iay 28 Do do Hardin July 22 TWENTY-FOURTH HT-^POKT OF STATE ENTOMOLOCTST 21 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS (Coutiiuicd) Ants ]>o l»\vist()\\ II Aug. 18 HOUSK ["I.ANTS ^lealy bug Scale Do Plant lice White flv Do Flies Do White grubs Do Do r.illbng Ants I'seuilococcinae .Toliet U ly 15 Coccidae Lewistown Nov. 8 do Peerless Feb. 26 Aphididae Culhertson Aug. 8 Trialeurodes vaiMii.u imuni Maxvillc f)( ■t. .~» Westwood do Choteau M ly •_'ii ■UndeteiMnin<'d Butte .lune 10 do Saco June 4 LAWNS Laehui'slcrna sp. Billings .Tuly 25 do Billings .Tuly 28 do Havre .\ug. 18 Spheuophorus graminis Chitt. Billings Aug. 20 Fornilcidae Anaconda .Tunc 27 PEAS Sugar-beet webworni Do Aphis Do I'liim gouger Lo.xostege do sticticalis L. PLUMS Kalispell Bozeuian .Ti .Ti Aphididae do Coccotorns scutcll.iris I ec. I'lains .Toilet Broadus July Ort. May 8 i:} 5 Cane borer RASPBERRIES t)berea bimaculata Oliv. Fairview STRAWBERRIES Xysius crica(> Schilling Aphididae Tipnlidac Scarabaeidae do do do do do do Strawberry root \\ec\il Otiorhynchus ovatus Idnn. Leaf roller Ancylis couiiitana Frchlich Do do Hornets Vespidae Do do False rliincdi Im Aphids Leather .iackets White grubs Do Do Do Do Do Do Kalispell .Tune C'olstrip Aug. (Jreat Falls .Inly 1 Stevensville .lune 4 Billings .Inne v. Gildford .1 u ne k; Wolf Point .\iig. ;; Hamilton Aug. -t :Missoul;i .Tune Bigfork Sept. iPolson O.-t. U Billings .1 uue 2.") Billings .Tune 2S Wolf Creek May n Whitcpinc Aug. l.S 1(5 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 Honiots Di) Aiits Do STRAWBERRIES (Continued) Vospidae (io Formicidao do Victor Aug. 20 Clain-y Aug. 22 Lihby .Tunc •IO AVdlf 1' i>int .Tilly 3 Rust rod flour boctlo Do Mi':il worm 8a\v-toothed beetle White-marked spider beetle Beetles STORED PRODUCTS Tribolium ferrugiueum I<'abr. do Tenobrio molitor Linn. Oryzaepbilus surinamensis Linn. rtinns fir Linn. rnib^termined Billings Oct. 22 Tiozemau Oct. 0'> Wibanx July 17 Billings Aug. 1» ^^'im1^tt Jan. 5 ( MltlooU Jnly 10 Root-louse White gnilis Leaf beetle Sugar-beet weliworm Army cutworm Pale western cutworm Clover Iiav worm SUGAR BEETS Pemphigus betae Doane Lachnosterna sp. Galerui'clla sp. (decora?) SWEET CLOVER Ijoxostege sticticalis L. Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grote Agrotis orthogonia Morr. Hypsopygia costalis Fab. Big Timber Sept. 12 Simms Aug. 17 Stevensvillo Mav •">•> Il.irlowton Ekal;ik;i .Tuditli Gap Uon.an J uni July 1 May 1-1 27 Sept. 14 TREES AND SHRUBBERY Red cl, I'ver mit(> Bryolda pratensis Garmau Lcwistown .\ug. 21 R'id spider Tetranychus telarius Linn. Chester Jan. 2.3 Do do Froniberg April 18 Scale Goccidae Ronan April IS Apliids Aphididae Clancy Aug. 17 Borer Sidney July k; Bill 1)U ^^ C'urculioiiidae Great Falls May 20 Blister beetle Lytta nnttalli Say Ekalaka May z Do do Fort Benton Tune 12 Do do Chotcan June 12 Do do I?rockw,iy July 12 Do do Whitetail July IS Forest tent .•aterpill.ir .Malacosouia ilissli'ia Ilbn. Stevensvillo F(>b. 20 Do d . Itisiin May ft Do do ( hmmIiHim' July 12 Big po plar sphinx Pachysiihinx niodcsta Harris Medicine Ijake May i:i T>eaf cutter bees Megiichilidao (icraldiue July 12 Ants T'ormii-idac Missoula M.iy l.T Do do 11 y sham >Iay 20 ASH Aphis Leaf hojipcrs Borers Do Bo Do Do Do Aphididae Cicadcllidae T'ndetermine do do do do do Sidney .Tune O Konan June 12 ("ulbertson .V ug. 2."') Hardin Sept. 11 :\raita July 0 Niarada July 10 Choteau July 19 Forsyth July 30 TWEXTY-Forirni ri:pot?t of state kxtomologtst 23 Borers Borer Blister beetle Do Tent caterpillar Sphinx caterpillar Do Do Do Leaf-cutter bee ASH (Continued) I'ndoterniined Aegeria arizonae Buetenninller I>ytta spliaerlcoUis Say do Malacosoma disstria Ilbii. I'arliyspliiiix do do do Mefjachiliihie Malta .Tub- ■.'A CnstiT May 2:5 ( 'liesler July •) \'ii'frcllc July ~> rii.iK-ail July 1 Homeland .1 mil' ir, Peerless July 14 Scolioy Aug. 15 (ilasgDW Aug. 27 Geraldine Aug. •2r, BOX KTJ^ER Gall insects Do Cecropia caterpillar .Vphids Pine leaf scale Do Do Do Bark beetles T'ndctonnincil Selway June 10 dM Belfry May 31 Saiiii,-i (■('(•n)i)ia Linn. Hinsdale Aug. 12 EVERGEEENS Aphidi(la(> Helena Aug. 17 Chionaspis pinifoliao Fitch Ron an Sept. 14 d.. Whitefish April K! do (Jardiner May 30 do Billings Aug. 17 Dcndrmtiiniis sp. But to Aug. 17 ELM Elm aphis Eriosoma amcricaii.i Kilt '.V Forsytli June 11 Do do Silesia May 19 Do do Belfry May :U Do do MAPLE Glasgow June 17 .Maple aphis Drcpau.-ipliis acerifi>lii '1"1 iiiui,-is V Li1)l>y Mar. :; Do do Hamilton July 1 Cottony Maple scale Pulvinaria vitis Linn. POPLAR Hamilton Mar. 3 Mites Paratetranychus i)opiili Butte Sept. 14 Do do Dillon Sept. 1.") Aphis Aphididae Sidney July 23 Do do Whitetail July IS Do .Pemphigus sp. Hysham July !l Vagabond gall Mordwilkoja vaga lunula Walsli Choteau April IS Do do Dutton Aug. •> Do do Dutton Aug. l.S Leaf beetle Lina scripta Linn. Billings Juno 21 Leaf miner Zeugopliora scutellaris ? Uiffr. Choteau Aug. 20 Do do Cutl)ank Sept. 14 Do do Hysham July 0 Do do Ft. Benton Aug. 15 Borer Undetermined Laurel June 24 Do do Deer Lodge May 13 Do do Whitehall June 4 Do do Fromberg June 2!t Tiger moth Arctiidae Sidney June 30 Horn tail w.nsp Siricidae Great Falis Sept. 13 2-t MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 369 Aphids Do Do Glover's silk worm AVTT>LOW ,\l)lH(li(lao S.iinin gloveri StrecUer Melrose June 1.-) Butte Aug. 1!) Ilarlowtou Aug. 1^ Emigrant Aug. 27 VINES Mites Do Mealy liug .Aphis Leaf lioppor Do Do Do Do lOriopbyiclae flo Pseudococ'ciiiat Aphididae Erytlironeura do do do do zic/car ^^'alsh Hardin Ai .ril 20 Hardin -May 24 Dayton May 18 lUitte ?il; ar. 31 lyivingston June 16 TIedgesville June 21 Townsend .rune 27 r.illings July 25 ]'\n'sytli Aug. 31 Aphis Do Do Do Do Deaf hoppers Orasshojipers Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Dii Do Do Do White grubs \\'ireworms Do Do Do Do False wirrwornis Do I).. Do Whc-it-leaf luM-tle Do Cutworm Army cutworm Do Do Do Do WHEAT Macrosiphnm ur.in.irinm Kirl)y Kalispell July 13 do Diliby July 13 do Hall July 30 do Sidney July 7 do Kalispell Aug. 3 Cieadellidae Melville June 25 Melanoplus biAittatus Say Dell July 10 do Kalispell .Inly 14 do Valier Sept. - ('.ininula pellut-ida Scud. Kalispell ."Inly 14 Acrididae. various sji. (ileudlve .Tune ;"*, do Wibaux May 20 do 1 ,e\\ istown May 27 do Wiliaux .1 nne 4 do Livingston .Tune 25 do Sidney .Inne 28 do r.rockton .1 une 21) (l do ( 'liotean .1 une 'f ICleodes si"). t ';i vei-n May ^:> do Chester .May 31 do Glasgow .1 nne '_*•• do I'orsyth .1 une :;(> I'dapstinus siilistri.-if iis Clianip. Malta May ]'.» do Glasgow .Tune 25 I'halacnidae M.-ilt 1 M.-iy 1!) ("horizagrotis anxiliaris (Jrotc l'"ort I'.enton Mar. V.i do Hardin .M.ar. 24 do Melstone Mar. 2.1 do ( '(dnmlms .Vpril • > do T.cwisI i>\\ n April (i TWEXTY-FOriiTll KKJ'UHT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST WHEAT (Continued) otc Army fiitworin Cli lori/.agroti.s auxiliaris Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Pale western ciitworni Ag-rotis ortlioRonia Mor Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Red backed cutw orm Enxoa ochrogaster Gn. Western wbeat-p Item Cephns cinctus Norton sawfly Oleiidivo April IC I)(Mit<>n April 10 Missoula April 21 Wil)aux April 21 Havre April •>*» Klowcroe April 2:; Kcplcrvillc April :'>o Wihatix Ma y 7* Lewistiiwii April ~i Tjewistown April ;» TUddle April IS .lolict April 22 Koyes May 10 Great Kails May 24 Gplioim June 9 Culbank June 17 Great Falls Aug. 17 Hardin May .") Moccasin .May 2.'i ("botcan June :$ Havre June 3 ("arbert June 6 (jlasjrow June 8 ("uster June 8 Custer June 8 Custer June 8 Koundup June 13 rientywood June 17 (Jrcat Falls -Vug. 17 Malta June 21 Tjcwistown Oct. ■2Z INSECTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS SENT IN FOR IDENTIFICATION OR FOR GENERAL CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS Nematodes Miles City .May 18 Salamander Craig July 19 Texas hog-nosed snake Ilclcrodoii r.asicus Melstone July IG Whip-tailed scorpion Sidney Aug. 25 Scorpion A'e.iovis boreus Girard Wilder May .5 Solpugid spider Helena June 10 Do Hillings ■\nf;. 28 Raspberry leaves Arsenical l)urn Uonan July 12 Dog tick Power .Tune 2(1 Wood tick Dermacentor andersoni Stiles P.illings .\pril i:; Do do riiilii)sl)urg Aug. 11 Springtails Collembola r.ridgcr Jan. 2.5 Do do Konan Mar. 2.5 Do do Sayle Mar. 14 Do do F.iirfield July t'l Oriental cockroach Bhitta orientalis Linn Helena -Vug. 17 Do do Missoula Sept. 3 Jerusalem cricket Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald. Ueed I'oint Sept. 1 Do do Oswego Oct. 15 Do do Molt Dec. 23 Do do Glendive Sept. 8 Do do Peed Point Nov. •■» 2« MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 SENT TN FOR IDENTIFirATlON (Continued) Mminmi cricket Aiialirus simiilex llald. I'\)rt Benton Aug. 5 Ho do Pry or May ■S.i I^ubbei- gi'Msshoppcr Bracliystola magna Oirard Knowiton Nov. 4 Mayflies I'plieinerida Ivalispell July 1 Stoiu' or sMliiioii fly I'teronarcys sp. Billings June lio Cicada Tibicen synodica Forsyth June .■50 Ajiliis Aphididae Simms Aug. IS TarnisluHl plant Imir Lygus pratensis Liun. Choteau May 21 Stiiil£ bugs I'entatomidae Steveusville Feb. !) Do do Pionan Mar. 1 Diving: beetle Dytiscus dauricus Gebl. Bannaek May 19 (Trounrl beetles ("arabidao I'orsyth June 30 Do do Culbertson July 14 Do do .Tordan July 27 Do do Great Falls Aug. 23 Do do Glasgow Sept. 17 Ladybird beetles Coccinellidae Missoula July :; Do do (ireat Falls Sept. 10 Do do Missoula Sept. i:; Dung beetles Aphodius distinctus Mull. Wibaux April IS Wbite grubs Scarabaeidae Opheim June 20 Do do r^iidge Grass June 21 30-lined Juno bug I'olyphylla 10-lineata Say. Xiarada July IG Do do Miles City July 7 XtittalFs blister beetle Lytta nuttalli Say "Wibaux July 5 Do do Fairfield July 6 Do do Sidney July 15 Spotted blister beetle lOpicauta maculata Say Boundup Aug. O Do do Lewistown -Vug. O Leaf beetle Tygogramma exclaniatidiiis l-'al '.(Jlendive July 10 Do do ('ulbertson July 14 Flower beetle I'ndeterniined T>anibert June ■2H Long horned betHle ( "erambycidae Whitefish Mar. 5 Robber flies Asilus sp. Deer Lodge .Tune 25 Leather jackets Tipulidae Missoula June 4 Mosquitoes Culicidae Kalispell .Tune 22 :\rarch fly Bibio albipennis Say Ivalispell M.iy 20 Do do Kalispell May 2.3 Long-legged fly Dolichopodidae Sidney July 18 Grass stem maggots t iscinidae Forsyth .Vpril 16 Bee flies Bombyliidae Glasgow Sept. 17 Butterfly I'apilionidae Sidney -Vug. 5 Do do Helena Sept. 0 Do I'ieridae Darby -Vug. 13 Thistle butterfly N'anessa cardui Linn. ILall June 29 Do do Forsyth .Tune .•SO Do do Choteau Aug. O Do do Deer Lodge Aug. 20 Do do Helena .7iily 9 Sugar-beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. T^in Bridges .Tune o Do do Glendive June '> Do do Lewistown June 25 Do do .To pi in April 11 Do do Havre April 12 Do do Sidney April 15 Do do Scobey April 18 Do do Choteau April IS Do do Dagmar Aiiril 22 TWENTY FOURTH REPORT OF STATE EXTOMOLOGiyT SEXT IX FOR IDEXTTFTOATTON (Continued) Sugar-beet webwoiui I-oxostege sticliialis L. Cut bank .May IG Do do Malta May 19 Do do CulbertsDU May 23 Do do Chester May 31 Do do Slielby May 31 Do do Choteau June 3 Do do Opheini June 9 Do do Circle June 10 Do do Wcldoii June 10 Do do S.iiid Springs June lo Do do Miles City June 13 Do do Rieliey June 14 Do do Sioux Pass June 14 Do do Sidney June 10 Do do Helena June 16 Do do Scobey June 16 Do do Turner June 17 Do do Vida June 17 Do do Mink June 17 Do do \Vils:ill June IS Do do T.ainbei-t June 18 Do do Hall June IS Do do WhiteluiU June 24 Do do Chadbonrne June 25 Do do Konan Jnue 27 Do do Find on June 27 Do do Mosby June 28 Do do Alder June 2!) Do do Forsyth June 30 Do do Wolf Toiut July 1 Do do Glendivo July 1 Do do Kalispell July 1 Do do Kalispell July 1 Do do Jordan July 2 Do do Chester July 2 Do do Dillou July 2 Do do Two Dot July 6 Do do Card well July 6 Do do Jordan July 6 Do do Kalispell July 7 Do do I? rock way July 7 Do do IMg Tinibor July S Do do Townsend July 10 Do do Laviua July 10 Do do Wilsall July 11 Do do Sand Spriiifrs July 12 Do do A mislead July 12 Do do Arnistead July 12 Do do Kyegate July 12 Do do Sixteen July 12 Do do Dillon July i:; Do do T-avina July 16 Do do Sheridan July 19 Do do Buffalo July 19 Do do Missoula July 19 Do do Walkerville Aug. 2 Do do Stevensville Aug. .'. 28 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 269 SHXT IN FOK IDENTIFICATION (Coutimied) Sugar- hei't wcliwoiui Carpenter worm Do Sphinx c-aterplll,ir Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Army ciitwonu Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Giant Xoctuid Tent caterpillar lo moth Polyphemus moth American silliworin Do Do Do Glover's silkworm Do Wasp Do Do Loxostoge sticticalis L. Valier Aug. S Cossidae Big Timber Sept. 8 do Billings Juno 2!) Cclerio lineata Fabr. Billings June 24 do Galata May 30 do Forsyth June no do Helena July u dc Havre July 14 do Malta July r.) do Jordan July 20 do MissoTila July 25 do Sidney Aug. 5 Chorizagrotis aiixiliaris Grote Culbertson June lij do Leedy June 07 do Glendive June 27 do Leedy July 1 do Circle July 'J do .Topliu July 14 do Glasgo-Y July 15 do ^lissoula .Vpril III do Konau :\Iay 6 do Culbertson :May 18 do IMllings May 20 do Sidney May 23 do Havre :May 31 do Ekalaka May 31 do Chester .Tune 17 do Vida June 17 do Glasgow June 21 do Malta June 21 Erebus odorata Linn. AVason Flats July ].'. Malacosoma disstria Hbn. Helena Aug. 17 Antomeris io Fabr. Chapman Sept. :', Telea polyphemus Cramer Sheridan May 28 Samia cecropia Linn. Malta June 1 do Wilder July O do Scobey May 22 do Billings Aug. 17 Sami gloveri Strecker Toston June 12 do Logan June 1(5 Bembix Kalispell July 1 Sphecidae Dillon May 25 do Chinook July 28 BOZEUAN CHRONICLE PRINT