Bie Rea Bie i nA am u.S, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS % s 4 7) > TO THE 5S 2 7) » SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1916 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT 1 RINTING OFFICE 1/916 To MAAN, 8S IOUT a —_o 2) ~ : SS¢ CONTENTS. : Page Bimenonsot! the national parks. 025002 Ue ee 1 TPL GHAR SOIR UEG SSCS a CS SS Tee a eS TS ee 4 PerncinmOia Ne Virb ORO Grease be Sel So) eh iy te 5 National parks and national forests_________________-_ 6 BEMetEmeMenSOUAILLY OL 16S OWN hoe sk A Sieh i Ne ce ee a6 Pmamnerihe people of the parks 222222 6 General public interest in national parks_________-_»______ 7 EME aa OoUN cia ITN) INUITI CT) Mee aye OU Re a Ee a SL EE Oa a Cen Sg ne ee 8 Vas «cad: NOMUMENTS 1s oe ee ee 8 massen..Voleanie- National Park 22 ei we ee 8 AEeteanyvseartit pe Nels] OID DI paler Keen 2 ese ees a a Se 9 Sieur de Monts National Monument_____________ 9 Capulin Mountain National Monument_______________-_-_ 9 Dmosiune National Monuments). 2). 5 2b ee ee 9 PAO SCUmeTL CN Vga |) AGS 2 eae Gi eS ee ee Se 9 Grande Canyon: National: Parke 9. sos oe 9 Hnlarcedasequota National Park 222s" ois on bes eee 10 Mona viermiey National Parle. -- le 200. ee eh Se 10 Mounier OoduINational Parks 22 20 soe yok ee ee eee 10 Idaho (Sawtooth) National Park__________________ 11 Pe Moutipebaker National: Park: 205 50 228 So ee 11 Esa Me aT MMT OOM HINT Geneon ree Sa es Se I 11 BRssee HPS Tamme LEC TR CG ace ee SV aE Pa, wh lk ie I ee 13 MU Enn es felaNT lal OTM NV OD Kees ee See ee A Se oN SS eS Ce 14 Yosemite hydroelectric power plant_______>__-_-_. -- $e Bes Met ican SCOTT eee nc NC ca ut Fe Menace aes PE Sa 8 i OS NP SN ee 15 manson, Of automobiles to" parks. -2- 2) at! Excerpts from reports of supervisors of national parks_______-________ 17 IOS GIMNSS: TRESCLVELUION. sate o ee Se EN Ne a ES id Mellowstone sNahional Parks 225 2, 26 PO SETINI em Nai OMally te Issa es ss a ee 41 Sequoia and General Grant National Parks____-___________-_-____ 47 Minininetaimier: National Park 222228. 2 oe ee ee 52 riermvaKesNabional Park. so Gee 2k ee a ee ee 58 MVM OW CmNa TOMA I aricen .7 oa se ods Se ae I 61 EAleliiem NEU GLOMaAL Irate tee ve Le cee Shs 64 sSSuMUUUT SS LERCH IL) ea ih es ic a pS en RO a De Gein Ee 67 ies Amend eu NablOmalliieaiske ssc. 9 eae a0 See 68 SEACH MN TOME tel I Keene Os aU Rs Se 70 Rocky Mountain National Park ~_________ Sy Mt Pig Ate it Aa aa MAD, 73 Appendix A.— : . PROP DION seOOG: LObon Gn ss 8 Se ee ote 76 Visitors to national parks_________-_____ Ee eee PS VOT 79 x EMEMUES. fr OmiaibOMmopiles. 2 sh = ets ee 79 ~ Appendix B.—An act to establish a national park service_______________ 81 cj Appendix ©.—An act to establish a national park in the Territory of Esl ethic yale etd ven POR eS! Se be 83 ™ Appendix D.—An act to establish the Lassen Volcanic National Park, RE CMT peee pe ee a es 86 Appendix E.— National parks at a glance... 88 ILLUSTRATIONS. PHOTOGRAPHS. Yellowstone National Park—Old Faithful Geyser__.__-____- --»_ 55. 4 Yosemite National Park—-Yosemite Malls___- = 5 aio 4 Crater Lake National Park—Cliffs of Crater Lake ________>____________ 4 Rocky Mountain National Park—Odessa Lake______________- 4 Sequoia National Park—General Sherman Tree______ = : 4 Mount Rainier National Park—Mount Rainier___________-§_-__=§ 4 Glacier National Park—Iceberg Lake.______- = 4 Mesa Verde National Park—Cliff Palace____-_-_ = +> Lassen Voleanic National Park—Lassen Peak_____—_=_____ cesins & HMawail National Park——Wavar Moores Ys sos ee i eee 8 Proposed Grand Canyon National Park—Grand Canyon______-_-_-_____ Po Proposed Mount Baker National Park—Mount Baker_________-____ -____ 8 Proposed Idaho (Sawtooth) National Park—Stanley Lake ____________ 8 Proposed Mount Hood National Park—Mount Hood____-______-________ 8 Proposed Mount McKinley National Park—Mount Melsinley_________ 8 MAPS. Naticnal parks and national monuments under the Department of the TV RSUY ET GY ee Spe a WR is ae as aI EE lv 9 a ae 16 Hot Springs, Reservation: 3:2 2 ce als Bee see re iS a rte 20 Nellowstone: Nationals Paws ee ee a Bea ase ee 32 Wosemite National: Parkes 2 ee TA ES Dh ce ea 44 sequoia and General Grant National Parks__-_~_-- ===. 2 48 Mount; Rainier Nationals Park. 22 oe 2S Sore 0 eee 56 Crater lake National Park i 2 5s A ee - > 59% Wind) Cavers. oo oe re is Ee eo 62. Platt SNa tional 2B ere ere Se ae Te sa 64 Mesa-“Verde National Park. 222 (ic 2 0s a 68 Glacier: National Parks 828 se a ee 72 Rocky Mountain: National Peagreks e 74 / ee oS ey ee ere 7: Teo ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. DEPARTMENT or THE INTERIOR, NaTIoNAL Park SERVICE, Washington, November 10, 1916. Sir: It is with pleasure that I submit to you my first ara report as Superintendent of National Parks. The primary reason for this ‘is that I feel, although we have just begun the solution of many of the numerous questions that have to be dealt with in the _national-park work, and for the handling of which we have until re- cently had no coherent organization, yet a great deal has been at- tained through the efforts of yourself and the assistant to the Secre- tary in bringing to the country and to Congress a more intimate knowledge of the national parks and in administering them in an effi- cient manner and to the end that all of our people may get the greatest possible benefit and enjoyment from them. These “efforts have borne fruit in the display this year of more interest by people all over the country in the national parks, and in the enactment by Congress of laws which there is no doubt will have greater results toward the efficient and proper management of the parks than any- thing that had theretofore been done. The national parks and their possibilities, both in the way of enjoyment by the people and of profit to the Nation, have in the past been greatly neglected. Our scenic domain can and will be made as readily accessible to all of our citi- zens as are Similar scenic and recreation areas in other countries, and much has recently been done to effect this. FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. _ The following is an extract from the report made by former Super- intendent Daniels last year, which I believe to be worthy of repeti- tion, as it so ably explains the functions of the parks: _ That the expenditure of money for the maintenance and development of our scenic reservations has an economic as well as aesthetic justification there can be no doubt, for each year large sums of money have left this country to be spent by tourists in foreign lands in search of scenic beauty. The fact that no material proportion of this sum returns is only less provoking than the knowl- edge that the money thus taken abroad by Americans is spent to view natural attractions that are inferior to those which may be found at home. In your report of 1913 you stated that land is not always land, but is sometimes coal, sometimes timber. One might add that it is sometimes scenery and, as such, - merits the careful study and development that would be extended to other national resources. he condition of travel in foreign Jands has stimulated the interest of our people in the merits of similar pleasures in this country. Never in history has there been so great a volume of travel in the United States. Surely it is the part of wisdom to retain this great advantage and to erystallize upon a general policy for the administration of our national parks. 1 e 2 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. The first step in the consideration of a genera! policy for the wdministration of the national parks is the determination of just what functions they perform. Clearly they are not designated solely for the purpose of supplying recreation grounds. The fostering of recreation purely as such is more properly the fune- tion of the city, county, and State parks, and there should be a clear distinction betiwween the character of such parks and national parks. The latter should constitute a class that is of national interest. In the category of national parks should be no reservation that is of local interest only. What, then, are the functions of our national parks as distinguished from State and local parks? As I view this question our national parks should serve three distinet functions : 1. The stimulating of national patriotism. 2. The furthering of knowledge and health. 3. The diverting of tourist travel to the scenic areas of the United States. , NATIONAL PATRIOTISM. We, 1S a people, have been accused of lacking in that love of country with Which our neighbors in Hurope are so plentifully blessed. Whether such a criticism is merited or not, it is certain that local patriotism has rapidly grown in this country more or less at the expense of patriotism for the country as a whole. This condition would not exist if our people knew their country. To love a thing one must know it. The Belgian knows each hill and dale of his small country and loves it with an intensity that has become proverbial. And so it is with the Swiss, the French, the English. These peoples know their lands and love them. But ours is a great country, stretching from sea to sea. and a knowledge of all its glories is given to but few. What more noble purpose could our national parks serve than to become the instrument by which the people shall be lured into the far corners of their land that they may learn to love it? For one who will encompass the circuit of our parks, passing over the great mesas of Colorado, crossing the painted desert, threading the sparkling Sierra Nevada, and viewing the glaciers and snow-capped peaks of the great Northwest will surely return with a burning determination to love and work for and if necessary to fight for and die for the glorious land which is his. IXNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH. I have said that it is my opinion the Federal Government is not justified in maintaining a national park for recreation purposes alone, yet it is readily seen from the character of our reservations that each has its recreational feature. I do believe, however, that objects and districts of great educational value should be reserved and placed in the category of national parks. Natural phenomena, great. canyons, ruins of antiquity, waterfalls—all are objects of great interest and possess an educational value that can not be estimated. In Yellowstone are the geysers, in Yosemite the highest of waterfalls, in Sequoia the largest and oldest trees on earth, trees that were 3,000 years old when Christ was born. In Wind Cave National Park is a cave that comprises over 90 miles of sparkling passages. At Arkansas Hot Springs and Platt National Park are medicinal waters that have dispelled the pain of legions of sufferers. In Mesa Verde National Park are the crumbling dwellings of a for- gotton race. Pregnant with mystery and romance, these ancient ruins beckon the traveler across the great green mesa and cast about him the spell of endless conjecture. If for no other reason, the value of these treasures as a medium for the further- ing of knowledge and health fully justifies the plea for further aid, both moral and financial, from our Federal Government. If this aid is granted and a systematic effort is put forth to send our people out into the hinterland of this country, we shall be confronted by the problem of caring for a flood of tourists whose needs must be anticipated. THE TOURIST. The first logical step to be taken in an analysis of the conditions of tourist travel is a study of the tourist himself. Primarily, the tourist takes the line of least resistance. This means that he seeks the path that presents the best accommodations for the least cost. From a record of travel in our parks it may be shown that the finest scenery without accommodations will not receive so large a travel as an inferior character of scenery which has a better type of accommodation. ree > tee, SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 3 The tourist who, upon the strength of literature issued by’ the department, travels to our parks is more or less justified in holding the Federal Government responsible for his comforts or discomforts while there. Nor is he backward with criticism. He demands that he be instructed as to the merits of this trail or that, this camp or that. He not infrequently is disappointed in not finding luxuries that he would not expect in similar places under other than Federal - control. He invariably overlooks the fact that he, in a way, is part of the Government, and therefore indirectly responsible for the conditions he finds. Nevertheless, his demands must be respected if it is hoped to direct his foot- steps to travel in our country. The three potent factors in influencing tourist travel are publicity, accommo- dations, and transportation. Obviously, the tourist must be informed of the "merits of the district to which it is desired to bring him. He must then be : shown that the accommodations at that place are satisfactory; and, last, he must know that the transportation facilities to, through, and from the location are good and may be had at reasonable cost. These three factors should con- stantly be borne in mind in any planning for the development of tourist travel. The three gener al classes of tourists who visit our parks are: Those to whom the expense is of little moment; those who, in moderate financial circum- _Stanees, travel in comfort but dispense with luxuries; and, third, those who, fired with the love of God’s out-of-doors, save their pennies in anticipation of the day when they may feast their eyes upon the eternal expanse of snow- clad peaks and azure skies. It is of this latter class that I would speak. Many of our parks are truly vast in area, encompassing within their bounda- ries innumerable wonders. To reach these the tourist, upon arriving at the park, must hire saddle animals, pack animals, a euide, cook, and other help, The expense of such an outfit is prohibitive to all but the wealthy. Those who have waited and saved their money are denied the fuller enjoyment of our parks, for they can not bear the expense of transporting their supplies over the trails. There is but one solution of the problem of caring for this class of tourists, and that is the establishment of small inns at convenient intervals, so that tourists may travel the trails afoot, purchasing their proyisions and other necessities as they go. As you are aware, the first steps in an effort to bring about such a condition have been taken in Yosemite National Park. If this work is carried through a blessing will have been conferred upon those whose lack of money has shut them from the greater part of our national parks. It will also be, in my opinion, the most potent factor in retaining,. through the medium of our parks, a material percentage of tourist travel and will necessitate a careful consideration of the problem of a general policy. Any plan, however, which may he devised for the management of our national parks should not be predicated upon the assumption that their function is solely to accommodate and retain our tourists in this country. A GENERAL POLICY. A policy to be efficient must be functional. One for the parks, therefore, must take into consideration the distinctive characteristics of national parks which, as before stated, are relative to the furthering of a national patriotism, public knowledge and health, and tourist travel in the home land. Upon con- sideration it will be seen that the first two follow as a natural consequence of the last. In the consideration of a general policy we are concerned pri- marily, therefore, with tourist travel. To foster tourist travel it will be necessary to develop the roads, trails, and other accommodations in the parks to a point where the traveler will not be subjected' to serious discomfort. This means the expenditure of money upon a larger scale than has been the practice heretofore, and the first question that should be settled is, What shall be the source of supply? There are but two practical sources from which funds may be secured, namely, by Federal appropriation and by revenues from the parks themselves. Both resources are now resorted to, each of which is inadequate. If the Federal Government is to support the parks then they should be operated so as to make the cost to the tourist as low as possible. If not, then the various sources in the parks themselves should be developed sufficiently to supply the needed money. ~ 4 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ’ The sources of revenue from the parks fail into four classes: 1. Automobile permits. 2. Concessions of various kinds. 3. Receipts from public utilities operated by the Government, such as light, telephone, etc. 4, Natural resources, such as timber, stone, fuel, ete. Of these four sources it will be seen that they may all be classified as taxes in proportion to the benefit received rather than the ability to pay. An; analysis of this character may help in the decision of the policy to be pursued, but it can do no more. The decision must be made in the light of publie needs, 2nd the park supervisors should know whether they are to develop the park revenues to their maximum or whether the park is to be administered at the lowest possible cost to the tourist. If the question of finances were settled, in so far as the source is concerned, and a well-crystallized policy looking toward the development of the parks along lines that will foster the increase of tourist travel in this country is — established much of the delay and confusion in the field will be eliminated. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. There has heretofore been no service to which the duty of admin- istering the national parks has been delegated. The work has been . done by a small and inadequate force in your office, the members of which have had their regular departmental duties to perform and have given such time and overtime as -has been possible to the park work. Upon your recommendation Congress has recently enacted a law (Public, No. 235) establishing the National Park Service. This act provides for the appointment by the Secretary of the Interior of a director, assistant director, chief clerk, and other employees of the National Park Service, and puts under the direc- tor, subject to the supervision of the Secretary, the supervision, management, and control of the national parks and monuments and of the Hot Springs Reservation in Arkansas, which have heretofore -been administered by the Interior Department. . The act also pro- vides that the Secretary may make rules and regulations for the use and management of the reservations and prescribes punishment for the infraction of such rules and. regulations; it also gives power to the Secretary to grant privileges, leases, and permits for the use of the lands, for the accommodation of visitors in the reservations, for periods not to exceed 20 years and for areas not to exceed 20 acres in any one place, and to grant grazing privileges in any of the reservations except the Yellowstone National Park when such use of the lands does not interfere with the primary purpose for which the park was created. This act, however, carried no appro- priation for the organization of the service and no such appropria- tion has as yet been made. LHach of the national parks has been created by a law differing more or less from the law creating each of the other parks, and heretofore they have been administered as individual reservations with no particular relation to each other. This method of handling the parks has, for reasons that are quite apparent, been both inefficient and unsatisfactory. The work of administering the national parks has been intrusted to the Department of the Interior. On June 5, 1914, you appointed Mark Daniels, a landscape engineer, of San Francisco, Cal., general superintendent and landscape engineer of national parks, and on December 9, 1915, he resigned to continue his private business. On December 10, 1915, I was detailed from the United States Geological Survey to the department as Superintendent of National Parks. *sule1unOW peddoi-MouUs Jo svaie }eais sey }| “JB QY] OLU! 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SRK Pe WERE SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK. THE GENERAL SHERMAN TREE. This park contains more than a million sequoia trees, of Which 12,000 are more than 10 feet in diameter, and some twice that, and several from 25 to 36 feet through from side toside. Some of these trees are older than human history. As John Muir says of them, ‘‘When the storm roars loudest they never lose their god-like composure, never toss their arms or bow or wave like the pines, but only slowly, solemnly nod and sway, standing erect, making no sign of strife, none of unrest, neither in alliance nor at war with the winds, too calmly, unconsciously capable and strong to strive with or bid defiance to anything.”’ 20! JO SIBAI4 10 ‘sdaloRls gz MOlL YOIUM JO SAPIS a4} UMOP ‘OUBOIOA JOUIZX9 Ue Ss! “y41¥ed S|4} JO e1n} ee} yedioulid euy3 eluley JUNO ‘MSINIVY LNNOW “MuUVd IWNOILVN Y4aINIVe LNONOW GLACIER NATIONAL PARK. ICEBERG LAKE. This park was made by the earth cracking in some far-distant time and one side thrusting up and overlapping the other. It has cliffs several thousand feet high, and more than 60 glaciers feed hundreds of lakes. MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK. CEIFE PALACE This park hides in its barren canyons the well-preserved ruins of a civilization which passed out of existence so many centuries ago that not even tradition recalls its people. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 5 _ With a view to securing a more effective administration of the parks, _ it was deemed advisable in 1914 to provide for a general superintend- ent, with headquarters at San Francisco, Cal. Experience, however, of over a year under this new system demonstrated the advisability _ of dispensing with a general superintendent having permanent head- _ quarters away from Washington, and the urgent deficiency bill passed February 28, 1916, authorized the superintendent to remain in Washington, D. C.; to June 30, 1916, and the sundry civil aat passed July 1, 1916, authorized you to employ in Washington and ' pay from park appropriations and revenues a Superintendent of National Parks and four other employees, and under this authoriza- tion you continued my appointment as superintendent. On July 16, 1916, Joseph J. Cotter, formerly assistant attorney in the department and recently in charge of mails, files, and appointments, was ap- pointed Assistant Superintendent of National Parks. Three clerks ~ were also appointed. While this organization has not been adequate to handle all of the work in Washington, and we are still dependent upon the department for assistance, yet I think I am justified in saying that much has already been done toward coordinating the work, and when Congress shall see fit, which I hope it will early in the next session, to make possible the complete organization of the National Park Service by providing an appropriation for that pur- pose, the entire work in connection with the administration of these areas may be taken over and done in a much more comprehensive _ and satisfactory manner than has been possible in past years. a SCENERY OF THE FIRST ORDER. It has been said that in some respects American scenery is un- equaled abroad. There are more geysers of large size in our Yellow- stone National Park, for instance, than in all the rest of the world together, the nearest approach being the geyser fields of Iceland and - far New Zealand. Again, it is conceded the world over that there is no valley in existence so strikingly beautiful as our Yosemite Valley, and nowhere else can be found a canyon of such size and exquisite coloring as our Grand Canyon of the Colorado. In the Sequoia National Park grow trees so huge and old that none quite compare with them. ‘These are well-known facts with which every American ought to be familiar. ; The 10 national parks of the first order are the Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, the Crater Lake National Park in Oregon, the Yosemite, Sequoia, and Lassen Volcanic National Parks in California, the Glacier National Park in Montana, the Yellow- stone National Park, principally in Wyoming, the Rocky Mountain and Mesa Verde National Parks in Colorado, and the Hawaii Na- tional Park in the Territory of Hawaii. With these must be classed the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona, which, though still remaining a national monument, is one of the great wonders of the world. —. : _ The principal difference between a national monument and a na- tional park is that a national monument has merely been made safe from encroachment: by private interests and enterprise, while a_na- tional park is also in process of development by roads and trails and hotels, so as to become a convenient resort for the people to visit and enjoy. 6 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS, NATIONAL PARKS AND NATIONAL FORESTS. - One must not confuse the national forests with the national parks. The national forests aggregate many. times the area of the national parks. They were created to administer lumbering and grazing interests for the people; the lumbering, instead of being done by pri- vate interests often ruthlessly for private profit, as in the past, is now done under regulations which conserve the public interest. The trees are cut in accordance with the principles of scientific forestry, which conserve the smaller trees until they grow to a certain size, thus perpetuating the forests. Sheep, horses, or cattle graze in all pastures under governmental regulation, while in national parks horses and cattle only may be admitted where not detrimental to the enjoyment and preservation of the scenery. Regular hunting is per- mitted in season in the national forests, but never in the national parks. In short, the national parks, unlike the national forests, are not properties in a commercial sense, but natural preserves for the rest, recreation, and education cf the people. They remain under — nature’s own chosen conditions. They alone maintain “the forest primeval.” EACH A PERSONALITY OF ITS OWN. One of the striking and interesting features of the national parks of our country is that each one of them is quite different from all the others; each has a marked personality of its own. It will be seen that one may visit a new national park each year for more than a decade and see something quite new and remarkable at each visit. INFORMING THE PEOPLE OF THE PARKS. ~ Through the cooperation of a number of railroads it has been possible to publish a collection of illustrated bocklets known as the _ “National Parks Portfolio,” which became so well advertised and . known all over the country that although an edition of 300,000 was printed we were not able to supply the demand for them. It is planned now to issue a sale edition, which may be purchased from the superintendent of documents at the Government Printing Office, and which it is expected will be available this winter. This portfolio was prepared, as was also a smaller publication called “ Glimpses of Our National Parks,” which described briefly the important features of the various parks, under the direction of Robert Sterling Yard, editorial assistant. It is trite to say that in the absence of information on the part of the public as to what the parks are, where they are, and for what reason created, the end for which they were established will not be attained. Yet it is pertinent, for this lack of information has ob- tained to a great extent, in fact to the extent that Mr. Yard found it advisable in the “ Glimpses of Our National Parks” to explain that the parks are not beautiful'tracts of cultivated country with smooth lawns and winding paths like city parks, but are “large areas which nature, not man, has made beautiful and which the hand of man alters only enough to provide roads to enter them, trails to penetrate their fastnesses, and hotels and camps to live in.” This condition is rapidly being remedied by the distribution of such publications as the “Portfolio” and the “ Glimpses.” SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. m7 GENERAL PUBLIC itoe aise, IN NATIONAL, PARKS. : ‘The general public interest in ‘national playgrounds may be evi- - denced ‘by the number of bills now pending in Congress calling for the creation of 16 new national parks, as follows: Cabinet National Park, in the extreme northwest corner of Montana. Clift Cities National Park, in the northern part of New Mexico. Denver National Park, in the north-central part of Colorado, near Denver. Mammoth Cave National Park, in the west-central part of Kentucky. Mescalero National Park, in the southern part of New Mexico: Mount Hood National Park, in the northern part of Oregon. Mississippi Valley National Park, in the southwestern part of Wisconsin and northeastern part of Iowa, near McGregor, Towa. , Mount McKinley National Park, in the southern part of Alaska. Mount Baker National Park, in the extreme northwestern part of Washington. Mount JCatahdin National Park, in the central part of Maine. Olympic National Park, in the northwestern part of Washington. _ Palo Duro National Park, in the northwestern part of Texas. Rio Grande National Park, in the southwestern part of New Mexico. Sand Dunes National Park, in the extreme northwestern part of Indiana. Sawtooth National Park, in the south-central part of Idaho. Sierra Madre National Park, in southern California. NATIONAL MONUMENTS. By an act approved June 8, 1906, entitled “ An act for the preser- vation of American antiquities,” the President of the United States was authorized to declare to be national monuments by public procla- mation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States. Under this authority the President has created a number of monuments, 21 of which, listed below, are administered by the In- terior Department: National monuments administered by Interior Departinent. 1 Estimated area. Name. State. - Date. Area Acres. WWGRPIS MOWED ic ices cSeeme ae ses ice W VOMling S235 22 ase ee keane Sept. 24, 1906 1,152 Montezuma Castle....-...-...------- IATIZONA) Sa Se ho = & cisimeeisne see eeaes ae Dec. 8,1906 160 1D). MIG) Se 3S Ae ee eee New MexieOnmascis ce seciecesosoee se fse- ieee s dos. /s.52- 160 Chaco Canyons. - 50.) 222 eas Beles OA Rel eeree kde race sain bs SSA chate Mar. 11,1907 120, 629 Mim WoodS82. 5502.22 s elise sels. Coliforiin ee ania aie tes cl Las rae ane Jan. 9,1908 295 JE TESEDS YEN ESE a eo dO Meee eee ee oe Sen ates e Jan. 16,1908 2,080 PUNMACACORD Ee fo. f ccs ccs ee cceee EATIZONA Sar eee oeie cate cates oeeeaae Sept. 15, 1908 10 Mukumtuweap.-....--.-------------- Ue aes ee rei Se lsaie w-itise seis July 31,1909 115, 840 Shoshone Cavern ......-..--.----.--- WisyOMmIng: S802 ete: Se Beris- ae sco acees Sept. 21, 1909 210 Natural Bridges 3...............-..-- LU Te) CUS Se Rm See ap an SAS a pega, Sept. 25, 1909 12,740 MEDATONALY IGAee N OR clot cece ae ose ee 5 ING WiMexiCOse ne taco) see ieee: Noy. 1,1909 160 SURE 2 SO ee eee ee Nas ka enh. Be aS Soa ieee idee ses Mar. 23,1910 57 Rainbow Bridge 4_--..........--..-- Up alne eee eae Cees et eae Ste May 30,1910 160 Lewis and Clark Cavern............. Montana 16,1911 160 SEUORIGG fo 520 58 Ree a ar Colorado 24,1911 13, 883 ~ Petriued Forest. PATA OWA, = te eee Sots S om eee ek ae ae 31,1911 25, 625 Nana OUMe mere ano ees : . 14,1912 360 Papage Saguaro. oo 20-22 .2ee-eo2cs|-s58- . 31,1914 2,050 Dinosaur....--..- Utah 4,1915 80 Sieur de Monts. - Maine 8, 1916 15,000 Capulin RUOUM aie hee. ale New Mexico 9, 1916 681 2 Donated to the United States. 8 Originally set aside by proclamation of Apr. 16, 1908, and contained ‘onle 120 acres. 4.Within an Indian reservation. 8 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ° ga é During the past session ‘Congr ess appropriated $3,500 for pr eser ee : tion, development, administration, and: protection of the national | = monuments, and work is now being undertaken. ° a" LEGISLATION. The States of Washington and Oregon ceded ‘anodionaa. ia ‘the E Federal Government over the lands embraced in-the Mount Rainier and Crater Lake National Parks, respectively, and by acts of Con- — gress dated June 30, 1916, and August 21, 1916, the cessions of juris- diction were accepted. The Federal Government now has jue diction over these parks. Tt is hoped that at the next meeting of the legislatures of the seqoe | States in which other national parks are situated jurisdiction will be ceded to the Federal Government, so that it may be able to make uni- form rules and regulations that can be locally administered. In this way much more satisfactory results will be obtained than are practi- cable under present conditions. : Congress also enacted a law (Public, No. 115) amending the act of May a 1894, entitled “An act to protect the birds and animals in’ Yellowstone N ational Park and to punish crimes in said park, and for | other purposes,” so as to change the penalty for violation of the provisions of the original act from a fine of not more than $1,000 and imprisonment not exceeding two years to a fine of not more than $500 and imprisonment not exceeding six months. The original act evidently contemplated that the offenses be dealt with as misdemean- ors and the offenders tried and punished by the commissioner of Yellowstone Park, but in view of the term of imprisonment pro- vided—not exceeding two years—the offenses had to be treated as crimes under the Constitution and the offenders tried by indictment in the regular way. The new law makes it possible to treat the offenses as misdemeanors and to try the offenders before the local commissioner in the park. This means a better and more expeditious and inexpensive enforcement of the law. NEW PARKS AND MONUMENTS. LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK. The act of Congress of August 9, 1916, established the Lassen Volcanic National Park, in the Sierra Nevada, in the State of Cali- fornia. This park has an area of 79,561.58 acres and includes the only region in the United States exhibiting recent volcanic action. In addition to its numerous volcanoes it contains hot springs and mud guysers, lakes and trout streams, ice caves and lakes of volcanic glass, and beautiful canyons. An appropriation of $5,000 for the administration. of this park was asked for in the last deficiency bill, . but this item was not included in the act. Therefore there is as yet no money available for this park, and the Secretary of Agriculture has generously consented to continue the patrol of the lands by the Forest Service, the lands having heretofore been within a national forest, until an appropriation is made and it is pec for this department to administer the park. LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK. This park contains the only active volcano in the United States, as well as hot springs, mud geysers, ice caves, majestic canyons, numerous lakes, and fine forests. Lassen Peak is 10,465 feet in altitude, while Cinder Cone is 6,879. HAWAIIL NATIONAL PARK. This park consists of three separate areas, two, Kilauea, which has been continuously active for acentury,and Mauna Loa, altitude 13,675, the largest active volcano in the world, erupting every. decade, on the island of Hawaii. The third, Haleakala, on the island of Maui, is a volcano which erupted less than 200 years ago. It is 10,000 feet high, with a tremendous rift in its summit 8 miles across and 3,000 feet deep, and contains many cones, gorgeous tropical forests, mahogany groves, and lava caves. “WaVd IWNOILVN INNOW dasSOd0dd NI ‘Yanvd LNNOW “Wavd TVNOILYVN NOANVOS GNVYS GaSOd0uUd NOANVO GNVd5S STANLEY LAKE, IN PROPOSED IDAHO (SAWTOOTH) NATIONAL PARK. THE SUMMIT OF MOUNT WHITNEY, NEARLY 3 MILES HIGH, IN THE PROPOSED GREATER SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK. MOUNT HOOD, IN PROPOSED MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL PARK. ale ae? Pees : MOUNT McKINLEY, IN PROPOSED MOUNT McKINLEY NATIONAL PARK. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 9 HAWAII NATIONAL PARK. . The act of Congress of August 1, 1916, established the Hawaii National Park, in the Territory of Hawaii. This park has an area of 75,295 acres and includes two of the most famous active volcanoes in the world and another which erupted less than 200 years ago, in addition to the wonderful lava lake which is a mass of fire © 1,000 feet in diameter. The act provides that no appropriations for this park shall be made until conveyance shall be made to the United States of such perpetual rights of way over private lands within the exterior boundaries of the park as the Secretary of the Interior shall find necessary to make it reasonably accessible in all its parts, and that when such rights of way have been conveyed the Secretary shall submit report to Congress. The matter of obtaining definite infor- mation as to the conveyance of these rights of way has been taken up through the governor of Hawaii. SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT. - The Sieur de Monts National Monument, in Maine, was created by presidential proclamation of July 8, 1916, and includes more than 5,000 acres on Mount Desert Island, covering 4 lakes and 10 moun-. tains. The lands included in this monument were never a part of the public domain, but were presented to the United States by the owners, the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations. This monument is the first created on the Atlantic coast. There is nothing just lke it elsewhere on the continent. A noble mass of ancient granite that once bore up an alpine height has been laid bare by _ time and earved into forms of bold and striking beauty by recent ice-sheet grinding. It is a unique and splendid landscape, revealing the ocean in its majesty as no lesser or more distant height can do, and exhibiting the interest and beauty of the northern vegetation. CAPULIN MOUNTAIN NATIONAL MONUMENT. The Capulin Mountain National Monument, in New Mexico, was created by presidential proclamation August 9, 1916, and has an area. of about 681 acres. The Capulin Mountain cinder cone is one of the geologically recent cones in the United States which are of excep- tional scientific interest. DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT. The Dinosaur National Monument, in Utah, was created by presi- dential proclamation October 4, 1915, and has an area of approxi- mately 80 acres. This monument contains embedded in its rocks fossils of dinosaurs and other reptilian monsters of great scientific mterest which it is believed should be protected from exploitation, at least until the Government is able to obtain a complete collection for the National Museum. PROPOSED NEW PARKS. GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado is one of the greatest natural wonders of America, the gorge itself being one of the largest and x 10 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. — most magnificent in the world, and from its rim the traveler over- looks a thousand square miles of pyramids and minarets rising from the floor of the canyon and ever changing in color. It is at present a national monument, administered by the Department of Agricul- ture, and the officials of that department and of the Forest Service -have agreed that it should be made into a national park, as in this way it would be more practicable to develop the reservation through the construction of roads, trails, and such other improvements as would offer increased attractions for visiting tourists. It is pro- posed to include in the park an area of greater extent than is at present covered by the monument. The Grand Canyon is now one of the most popular show places of the United States, and if-im- proved and made convenient for tourist travel the number of visit- - ors would be multiplied. I strongly recommend that this national park be established during the next session of Congress. ENLARGED SEQUOTIA. A bill was introduced in Congress to enlarge the boundaries of , the present Sequoia National Park, in California, to include the Kings and Kern River Canyons, and it is hoped this bill will be en- acted at the next session of Congress. This would make the area ap- proximately 1,600 square miles, an increase of 1,335 square miles over its present area. ‘The park at present has no exceptional scenery except the three groves of Sequoia washingtoniana, which it was originally created to preserve, while just to the east of it lies some of the most magnificant scenery to be found anywhere in the world. I earnestly recommend the proposed extension which includes a por- tion of the great Western Divide and the crest of the Sierra topped by Mount Whitney, the highest point in continental United States. MOUNT McKINLEY NATIONAL PARK. A bill was introduced in Congress for the establishment of the Mount McKinley National Park, in Alaska. As this is the loftiest mountain in North America (altitude 20,300 feet) and the highest peak in the world above the line of perpetual snow, it is one of the noblest spectacles of its kind in the world. The Government railroad, which is now being built in Alaska, runs within about 45 miles of Mount McKinley, and the creation of this national park would, no doubt, result in additional traffic for this road and addi- tional visitors to Alaska, and would give an impetus to the settling of the country. Also the reservation of this land by the creation of the park would mean the establishment of what would probably be our greatest big game preserve, with moose, caribou, and bighorn sheep. This bill passed the Senate at its last session and it is hoped that it will be enacted during the next session of Congress. MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL PARK. A bill was introduced in Congress for the creation of the Mount Hood National Parks, in the State of Oregon. This bill proposed to embody in the parks eight noncontiguous tracts of land. its estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, the enactment of - legislation authorizing the Secretary of the Interior in his discretion to expend $50,000 in the purchase of “such private holdings in the park as in his judgment are desirable for the better administration of the reservation.” Later an option on a group of the largest holdings was obtained. The purchase price of these holdings was fixed at $70,000. An appropria=— tion of $50,000, as recommended, was made by Congress in the sundry civil act, and the additional $20,000 will be subscribed by public- spirited citizens and organizations. Thus will be consummated a transaction which will go far toward freeing the wonderful Giant Forest of private holdings. But more remains to be done. There will still remain in private ownership several tracts of land contain- ing numerous big trees, and they will continue a menace to good administration of the Giant Forest if not purchased. Hotels and other concessions might be erected on these holdings and be abso- lutely free from departmental regulations in the interest of the public; the big trees on the lands would remain subject to the fire hazard, and no provision could be made for clearing away under- brush, dead and down timber, and otherwise making the trees as attractive and accessible as other sections of the Forest under Federal control. Pee A further appropriation is needed to complete the purchase of these important Giant Forest lands. In Glacier National Park the private holdings which are sought to be extinguished are practically all on the west side of the Conti- nental Divide. The principal holdings lie on the shores of Lake McDonald and along the road leading to the foot of this lake from Belton, the western entrance point on the Great Northern Railway. This Belton-Lake McDonald road, through its entire course of nearly 3 miles, has been constructed over privately owned lands which are covered with valuable merchantable timber. These hold- ings extend to the south boundary of the park, the north shore of the Flathead River, and it has thus been impossible to establish the headquarters of the park on public land at a point which would be accessible to the tourists. Several years ago the supervisor’s oflice was located on the southwestern shore of Lake McDonald at a point which has proven to be a most undesirable location from every point of view. The logical location for the park headquarters is the tract of land on the north shore of the Flathead River and across the river from Belton. Fortunately there now exists an opportunity to secure this tract for an administrative site. We are now developing plans which will enable us to take advan- tage of this opportunity, but congressional action will be necessary to fully consummate them. Should Congress make possible the consummation of these arrange- ments many of the difficulties resulting from private ownership. of lands in Glacier Park will be obviated. : It is unfortunate that a tract of land in private hands near the head of Lake McDonald is to be developed as villa sites. The pro- ‘ SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. -13 motion of projects of this character is regarded as inconsistent with the purposes of Congress in setting aside lands for national-park purposes, and they can not be considered as objects worthy of Federal assistance or encouragement. A bill, S. 778, authorizing the exchange of lands along roads in the scenic sections of the park for lands of approximately equal value in other portions of the park, and in national forests of Montana, passed the Senate recently and is now pending in the Committee on Public Lands of the House of Representatives. In Yosemite National Park there are numerous tracts of land of extraordinary scenic beauty which are in private hands. Among them may be mentioned the beautiful meadows and alpine park lands near Lake Tenaya, at White Wolf and Aspen Valley, a villa -site ‘on the Big Oak Flat road near the north wall of Yosemite Valley, and a number of tracts of timberland with exceedingly heavy growths of large sugar and yellow pine. All private holdings should ultimately be extinguished, and title to the same returned to the United States. By acts of Congress approved April 9, 1912 (87 Stat., 80), and April 16, 1914 (38 — Stat., 45), authority was granted for the exchange of lands of this character along the park roads for lands of equal value in other sec- tions of the park, and under certain specified conditions in the Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, in the State of California. Under the provisions of these laws, several tracts of private lands have been exchanged for lands in the park and adjacent national forests. Among the private holdings, however, the existing toll roads are the most embarrassing to the administration of the reservation at the present time. These highways should be secured by the Federal Government as soon as possible, and improved and maintained as parts of the general road system. In Mount Rainier National Park the lands in private ownership at Longmire Springs should be acquired for park purposes. On these there is a hotel which is not subject to departmental regula- tions, and no control can be exercised over the sanitation and general upkeep of these premises. There are other private holdings of more or less importance in the park, which should ultimately be secured. Acquisition of the Longmire Springs property, however, is very es- sential to the proper development of this section of the reservation. RANGER FORCE. Special attention was given to the ranger force in each park during the season 1916 while discussing plans with the supervisors. Gen- erally it was found that conditions were not conducive to best service. During the coming winter there will be presented for your considera- tion a plan which I believe will remedy the present situation. I strongly recommend that each member of the corps be appointed in the National Park Service, rather than as at present to the park in which they are to work, so that an employee in one park may be .vadily transferred to another park, where his training and experi- ence make him more valuable to the service. The ranger force in reality makes the success or failure in admin- istering the parks, and I feel that there should be a civil-service examination to determine the educational qualifications of the - 65399-—16—2 14 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. rangers. While such an examination can not determine the most important requirements, temperament, tact, etc., it would give an assured fundamental base to build upon, and after one season’s trial, before a permanent appointment was made, the department would know if the ranger had the desired all-around qualifications for the ranger corps. The longer a man is in the service the more valuable he is, and, therefore, I think a ranger should enter the service with the desire _of making it his life’s work, and after the service is once fully or- ganized, promotions to higher positions should be made in the corps, — so that each man would have the fullest incentive to give his best service, knowing that advancement would be based solely on char- acter and general efficiency. - CONSTRUCTION WORK. The apparent policy in the past in making appropriations for road and trail construction has been to give only enough to provide for the most immediate needs. This is most unfortunate and ex- pensive. It adds to the final cost easily 25 per cent, whereas if there were appropriated at one time sufficient to construct the road to final completion, the department would plan in a businesslike way and acquire the necessary machinery, etc., to do the work properly. It must be remembered that on account of the weather conditions in practically all the national parks the summer season is the only time road work can be done, and the appropriations being usually avail- able on July 1 (some years later), the working season is cut in half-and part of the appropriation is left to be expended before July 1 of the next year. As the department does-not know when the appropriations for the new year may be made, nor the amounts that will be available, it is sometimes impossible to expend economically these appropriations. In fact, in any field service where appropria- tions lapse on June 30, at least 25 per cent additional is added, be- cause of forced work, to the cost. it eee I therefore recommend that all appropriations for construction in the national parks be made immediately available and that they ’ continue to be available until expended. I shall present for your consideration during the coming winter an estimate of the cost for the full development of the national parks, which, in my judgment, is necessary in order to make them easily accessible and available for the fullest enjoyment and benefit of the people. YOSEMITE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT. The sundry civil appropriation act approved July 1, 1916, carried an item of $150,000 for the erection of a new power plant in the Yosemite National Park. This plant is now under construction and will be finished by June 30, 1917. The intake, a small diversion dam, is located at the head of the rapids in the Merced River near Pohono Bridge and the power house will be rear Cascade Creek.. This _ seemed the best location and fortunately is below the floor of the valley and does not affect any of the falls and rapids above the lower end of the valley at Pohono Bridge. It is being constructed with special care so as to be as inconspicuous as possible along El Portal Road. The plant when completed will generate approximately 1,500. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. | a) kilowatts during high water and approximately 750 kilowatts _ during the low water in the fall. This will furnish sufficient power _ for lighting all camps and the new hotel under construction, as well as all the main roads and footpaths in the Yosemite Valley, and for heating and cooking at the hotel and permanent camps. This work is being done by the department under the supervision of the Superintendent of National Parks, through Galloway and -Markwart, supervising electrical engineers of San Francisco, Cal. SANITATION. - ‘Mr. J. A. Hill, of Chicago, who has had wide experience in hand- iing hotels and has made a speciality of sanitary conditions in con- nection with the operations of hotels, was appointed inspector and assigned to the detailed examination of all hotels and camps in the several national parks. His report is exhaustive and valuable in- deed, and his recommendations will be adopted and put into opera- tion as fast as possible, as I believe they will add much to the com- fort and safety of the tourists. . During my visit of general inspection to the national parks, during the season of 1916, I was constantly impressed with the total lack of any systematic sanitary arrangements. The national parks, to give full benefit and enjoyment to our people, must be kept in the best possible sanitary condition. There is not an adequate sanitary sys- tem in a single park, and the great increase in travel to all the parks in the last two years makes the sanitary problem: the most important question in every park. In the Yosemite, for instance, on July 4 last on the floor of the valley, in an area of about 1 square mile, there were 5,000 people, and during the season of 1916 some 33,000 people—a good sized city—and yet here there is nothing that can be called a sewer system. In the Sequoia, in an area of approximately one-fourth square mile, there were 10,687 people during about four months, and in General Grant during the same time, in an area of approximately one-eighth square mile, there were 15,226 people, and in neither of these parks is there any kind of sanitary system, save the crude dry-box toilets. Crater Lake is no better, Mesa Verde is even worse, and in fact all the parks are in a deplorable condition in this respect, and I shudder at the probability of an epidemic of typhoid fever or some other common epidemic that could be directly charged to the lack of proper sanita- tion. In connection with the necessity for sanitation there is also need for an adequate water system for each park. Therefore. I can not too strongly urge that the estimates submitted to Congress for the next fiscal year, containing recommendation for appropriations for sanitation and water supply, receive the favorable consideration of Congress and that the funds authorized be made available for imme- diate expenditure. ADMISSION OF AUTOMOBILES TO PARK. All of the parks are now open to motorists and practically all ob- jectional restrictions that were imposed in the past have been elimi- nated. Automobiles were first admitted to the Mount Rainier Na- tional Park in 1908, General Grant in 1910, Crater Lake in 1911, Glacier in 1912, Yosemite and Sequoia in 1913, and Mesa Verde in 16 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 1914, Automobiles are permitted in the Rocky Mountain, Platt, Wind Cave, Sullys Hill, and Casa Grande Ruin, and in the Hot Springs under special conditions and on special occasions. During the season of 1915, private automobiles, used for pleasure purposes only, were admitted in the Yellowstone National Park under schedule that did not interfere at all with the regular horse- drawn stage coaches, and in 1916 free shelter garages were con- structed at the principal, points of interest. The admission of pri- vate automobiles in the Yellowstone has proven a tremendous success during two seasons, and now that the roads have been greatly im-_ proved it is planned to discontinue the horse-drawn stage and use automobile transportation entirely in this park beginning with the season of 1917. When this is accomplished, transportation by the concessioners in all of the parks will be by automobile. The automobile revenues are growing and in time will be the prin- cipal revenue from the parks. Every effort is, therefore, being made to give to the motorist every opportunity to use the parks, such as good safe roads, supply stations, camp grounds, shelter garages, etc. The road leading from Cody, the home of Buffalo Bill, up the Shoshone River to the lake formed by the impounding of the river waters by the great Shoshone Dam, thence up the North Fork of this river to the eastern entrance to Yellowstone Park, which is just below the beautiful Sylvan Pass in the Absaroka Range, was opened this season for the first time as a general highway for tourist travel. More than 3,300 people entered or departed from the park via this route during the summer, and this “ Cody Entrance,” as it is called, has been described by many who enjoyed its wonders as the “ sensa- tion of the séason.” ; The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad extensively advertised this new entrance to the park, and maintained excellent train service © to Cody from various Middle West points. By direction of the de- partment and under permit from it a company was organized to operate an automobile stage line between Cody and the Lake Hotel, where connection was made with the belt-line stages for the regular -park tour. This company, which was known as the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co., was organized by the transportation concessioners and camping companies holding concessions in the park, and was thus given a direct connection with long-established park enterprises. New.and comfortable automobile busses of the latest model were operated by the Cody-Sylvan Pass Co. and service first class mm every respect was rendered. The large increase in automobile travel to all the parks during the season of 1915 seemed to warrant the issuance of special guide maps and automobile regulations combined for use of automobilists, and an experiment was made in issuing a guide map. For the Yosemite and Yellowstone approximately 17,000 each were distributed through automobile clubs and chambers of commerce and to individuals. The appreciation of the users of these maps was shown by the considerable increase in travel. It is therefore planned to issue similar maps for _ each park for the season of 1917. Respectfully submitted, R. B. Marswaty, Superintendent of National Parks. The Srcrerary or THE Inrerror, Washington, D. C. . - CONTAINING 3 E. N [ S 142.9 Sq.Miles or 91,491 Acres Oct Ist, 19/6 65399—16. (To face page 16 \ ( TRA Yee Ph ae in, Platt, the Hot > pleasure nal Park lar horse- were con- m of pri- us success reatly im- e and use - with the on by the » the prin- eing made s, such as rages, etc, ll, up the f the river ork of this just below — pened this | nist travel. — rk via this t is called, he “ sensa- advertised — ‘in. Service of the de- ‘oanized to uake Hotel, | the regular ody-Sylvan — mcessioners — nd was thus: enterprises. model wer l eee eee 6 Nee et PARKS «isms 21 NATIONAL M J. SW SON Filloritge 0 AND e we SoSFymetranhie VERY 2 wae é PAATZ, x40) Pierre CAVE 24R IC BYU, _, Hot Springbget —— Al EB% X me = NOS ae Qe E70 Cue pe hoe ‘ol NXE e. Este S Aion 8 AND = Alma — t___ (gpa = Aro Loveland S o* \. Denver po w z) aI CHICAGO i PACE, \ fe alorads Spr ij of B (e) al fe) prings | ut yal Genese Ic Bl (2 miss2 Telluride pPueb BG TOPEKA. LaJunta si, SAN Fy a PEAKS CISCO , sAHTA PETRIFIED, CasrZGtZ. Mon, D & Lam 1 = 7) U 2F y OBRO Sr NLEY, Se oe (242490 stcwats AEE Nf Alouauerque C ek. Se apace WOW NK M E Sk PLA San Diego ena, G | a paciFle i 9p? BE 1 a= * orice AS4 GRE 1,7, a Wichita F; na hai da PAU Ser ARNE, INK oe ARENA, 4 oho PAE BIMALE., WAL LAWAM ON Wa ete ayn - (AE Ogmap anint ONE) EXCERPTS FROM REPORTS OF SUPERVISORS OF NATIONAL PARKS. The following are excer Hs from the reports of the supervisors (whose title was changed from that of superintendent during the past year) of the various national parks: ‘HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION. Dr. WILLIAM P. PARKS, Supervisor, Hot Springs, Ark. GENERAL STATEMENT. There were given this year 544,371 paid baths in the several bathhouses, which is an excess of 64,144 baths, the total given last year having been 480,227. The total receipts of the different bathhouses this year were $243,568.29, and the total receipts last year were $200,629.21, making a net gain of $42,989.08. Dur- ing the month of March this year the total receipts of the bathhouses were $48,062.53, and for the month of March last year, $28,669.38, making a net gain for the single month of $14,393.15. The month of March is always con- sidered the banner month of the year. It is estimated that ae ce 125,000 persons visited Hot Springs during the past fiscal year. In addition to the 544,371 paid baths shown above there were given 2,243 complimentary baths in the pay bathhouses, 103,398 baths at the Government Free Bathhouse, and 4,284 baths at the Levi Memorial Bathhouse, making a ‘total of 654,296 baths during the past fiscal year. LEGENDARY HISTORY. _ The Hot Springs of Arkansas are 50 miles southwest of Little Rock, Arkansas’s capital. Just how long hot water has been issuing from the earth at this point we do not know, nor -can we ever know. Twenty-three hundred years is the minimum estimate of scientists. It is also equally as uncertain when the first human being penetrated the wild and lonely mountain fastnesses and discovered this marvelous gift of a beneficent God. I shall not dwell on the romantic legends which tell us how adventurous Indian tribes battled from time to time for control of the hot waters in which they believed the “ Great Spirit” to be ever present, and how a_truce was finally declared, under which their benefits were extended to the sick all tribes. It is recorded that the Spaniards under De Soto were the Basi white men to look upon and drink of the waters of the Hot Springs. This leader, with his proud chivalric band of Castilians, reached the springs in the autumn of 1541. Old court records show that the Spaniards when in possession of the country just before it passed to the United States realized the value of the springs and made a futile attempt to wrest them away from the effects of the Louisiana purchase of 1803. The earliest settlement of which we have any positive information was the building of a cabin at the springs in 1807 by Manuel Prudhomme. Mr. Hemp- stead, in his history of Arkansas, reproduces a letter written in the year 1829, from-‘‘The Hot Springs of the Washita, ” which says: “ Until this season everyone who came here was obliged to provide for himself shelter and provisions as he could. This year a boarding house has been established by a family from Boston, and the accommedations are quite comfortable. I do not doubt but that this will be kept up * * * boarding for man and horse is one dollar per day.” The first bathhouse of which we have any knowledge was erected in 1830. In 1827 application was made for a patent to the land embracing the springs, but it was withheld on the ground that the Indian title had not at that time been extinguished, and afterwards withheld on the advice of the Attorney Gen- eral that the New Madrid certificates, upon which the claim was based, were not locatable south of the Arkansas River. 17 18 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. In 1832 our Government, believing that the All-Wise Architect of the Universe — had a purpose in creating these fountains of health almost midway between our ocean boundaries, and that such a priceless gift should be free from monopoly and exploitation, set aside for the future disposal of the United States, not to be entered, located, or appropriated for any other purpose whatever, the hot springs and four sections of. land surrounding them, then making the first national park reservation of the country and preserving forever the waters for. the use of all. But, notwithstanding the act of Congress, the title to the springs remained in dispute. There were three claimants to the property, and litigation over it, which began in 1852, ended in 1876 by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in favor of the Government against all claimants. In 1877 the commissioners of the Government settled the right of possession and purchase as between several thousand different individuals who had set- tled on the property, holding by lease or purchase. Valuations were placed on — the different parcels,-and the commissioners decided who were entitled to pur- chase the same. These adverse claims and resulting litigations retarded the growth of the city of Hot Springs, but the permanent settlement of title and the multitudinous questions involved marked a new era in the city’s history, as is now evidenced by a beautiful city. The Hot Springs Reservation now has an area of 911 acres, consisting of five units—viz, Hot Springs, North, West, and Sugar Loaf Mountains, and Whittington Lake Reserve Park, but the hot waters issue forth only from the west slope and at the base of Hot Springs Mountain which embraces 264 acres, and the 47 springs with an average daily flow of 848,000 gallons and an average temperature of 135° F. are confined within an area approximately 500 by 1,400 feet. Z THE CITY OF HOT SPRINGS. The city of Hot Springs is located in a spur of the beautiful Ozark Moun- tains, and enjoys ideal climatic conditions similar to those of southern Cali- fornia or southern Italy, abounding in sunshine and balmy weather in the win- ter and relatively cool summers, all of which tend to popularize it as a re-— sort. It is a municipality governed by State and municipal laws, and the Department of the Interior exercises no control or supervision over any mat- ters connected with the city. It has a population of 16,000 exclusive of its suburbs, and ranks in size as the fourth city in the State. It is cosmopolitan in character, having visitors at times from all parts of the world, and classes in this respect with other eities many times its size. The elevation of the central part of the city is 600 feet above sea level, and the surrounding mountain tops 500 to 600 feet higher. Doctor drumming as now carried on is consummated by first GuEninine the confidence of the prospective victim, and later by various means causing the patient to go to some physician who is willing to give up half the fee in order to secure the patient. This is a most vicious practice and should be eliminated root and branch. In taking affidavits in this office it is not an infrequent occurrence that the drummer first steers the patient to some drug store, and through an understanding with the druggist the patient is recommended to the doctor to whom the drummer desires him to go. Constant and timely investigations of all complaints are made by this office and in this manner the evil has been curtailed to a great extent but not elim- inated, as it has been difficult to secure evidence which the department deemed sufficient to take action. The supervisor has spent much time in the imvesti- gation of these cases and so far as is in his power has made an earnest effort to carry out the rules and regulations. EMPLOYEES. = There are at present 30 regular employees engaged in the administration, maintenance, protection, and care of the interests of the reservation. All of these employees were appointed from Arkansas under civil-service rules. THE OERTEL SYSTEM OF MOUNTAIN CLIMBING. The Oertel system of graduated exercise laid out in four courses on Hot Springs and North Mountains and completed last year has been the source of much benefit to the visiting public, and a large number of persons avail them- selves of these courses for their exercise. a SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 19 There has been aie a demand for the map showing these courses, and phy- sicians as well as patrons seem highly pleased that these courses have been established. They will be used more from year to year when the public becomes ; ks better acquainted with this scientific method of exercise. This being the only eourse of the kind in this country, the people naturally have to become ac- quainted with the benefits to be derived from its use. IMPROVEMENTS. Roads and bridges have been repaired and rubble-stone retaining walls con- structed in various places on the reservation where required. The necessary repairs have been made to the free bathhouse and various pavilions and to the supervisor’s office and residence. In addition there has been much time and labor spent in the beautification and maintenance of Reserve Park, as well as Whittington Lake Park, in the way of cultivating flowers and shrubbery, planting and trimming hedges, main- taining and cutting lawns, pruning trees, and work generally necessary to promote the beauty of the park, and it is safe to say that the Hot Springs Mountain Reservation never looked better than at the present time. . , NEW SPRING. During the latter part of September, while excavating for the foundation of the Superior Bathhouse, there was developed a flow of hot water from a point near the Superior Reservoir at the northeast corner of the men’s bathing hall ot the bathhouse. This spring had a flow of approximately 22,000 gallons every 24 hours and the temperature being 147° F. Upon instructions from the depart- ment the water was secured and piped into the general supply line connected up with the main impounding reservoir in the rear of the supervisor’s office. ADMISSION OF AUTOMOBILES ON WEST MOUNTAIN ROAD. The department under date of February 7, 1916, authorized the superin- tendent to permit automobiles to use the main West Mountain Road, and accordingly, after due notification through the newspapers, this road was opened to automobiles on February 22, 1916, under certain regulations approved by the department January 22, 1916. GOVERNMENT FREE BATHHOUSE. The Government Free Bathhouse has been operated during the past year for the indigent in accordance with the acts of Congress of December 16, 1878, and March 2, 1911, with the following results: Total applications for free baths___________________________________- 6, 328 PXfTUAETTH NST TEC WSS Se dn Ut Wc Sie Des aT 281 Tickets issued to— . APY LoTR, OAR IES a a Re Sl SO a ns hc geen SS 3, 793 NES LE BYTUZT SS SS i aS a al RU el ea 566 Colonecdmemicnlesnawas 2. Se I ee eee es 1, 053 Colored females ea 8 ST St SRN ela at ek ce 635 Total tickets issued on original applications___________________ 6, 047 Tickets reissued to— NY TAUSTN GS TIPS So ei a pe I eae UR aes (74 VST CRSReTI AOS temetnnee sane ru) aa ee a Se 22 (;WOlOred Males = mete ee ed ee NS Cee eae Speen 219 Miplonedetenlialesiiususiem seen OOM egs Sin EE a See Se 57 Total tickets pecmodiee ee Srey eles st ey 1, 172 Total tickets to— VATS TT eA OS ese ee ea LE Tel YT A ee ie Se 4, 567 NANETTE ST a SSS ea or ea 688 WOO R EM iN ALES eee arpa me 8s ee ae IL VAP WoloOredy females == keke emMeembe Mime US Sale ele Ga ee 692 20 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Baths given: Wialicercmn all @Siea = as oes ek DG: Se UR 2 See __.. 64, 448 White ferzales____________ i BS aa SON SAE ASE es 0 Re cede lg 10, 154 Wolored: males: 225 2s eae he oe ee oe ee 19, 026 Colored Len ay] GS. ae a eS 3p CR 9, 770 Total Daths Sl ven 22.4 elaine a ee ee 103, 398 Average number of persons bathed daily, Gu Examination of the above table shows a decrease of approximately 18 per eent in the number of tickets issued, baths given, and daily average, due to the rigid enforcement of the acts of Congress and of the rules and regulations governing the bathhouse and to the investigation of a number of cases resulting in the baths being denied to a number of persons who had been bathing for some time when they did not require the baths or were able to pay for them elsewhere. It is believed that all persons now bathing in this bathhouse are actually indigent within the full sense and meaning of the law and are entitled to the baths. FREE CLINIC. In compliance with a request from several of the registered physicians and in accordance with my recommendation the department under date of March 15, 1916, authorized these physicians to use the vacant rooms over the Government Free Bathhouse for clinic purposes, and also granted them the use of the equip- ment which had heretofore been purchased by the department for the use of the former medical director. On April 1, following the authority, a free clinic was organized for the pur- pose of giving medical treatment to patrons of the Government bathhouse who were unable to obtain means to pay for medical treatment, and also to ascertain as nearly as possible the effects of the hot water on cases not under medical treatment. : This work is in its infancy and so far much good has resulted and benefits rendered to these unfortunate people. The clinic is operated between the hours of 1 and 3 p. m. every day except Sundays and holidays, and the physicians who are giving their time to this work are to be commended for their efforts. Upon the reconstruction or remodeling of the free bathhouse it is intended to finish up a modern clinic, and when this shall have been accomplished to fully equip it in such a manner as to better facilitate the work. The monthly reports from the clinic indicate that they have observed 382 eases from April 1 to June 30, inclusive. PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS OF THE WATER. - The purpose of organizing a free clinic at the Government Free Bathhouse was largely to observe the physiological effects of the hot water and its thera- peutic value. This is being done to determine the effects of the waters upon the pulse, temperature, and blood pressure, as follows: 1. Determination of atmospheric temperature in the bath hall and the temper- ature of the water in each pool. 2. Observation of the pulse, temperature, and blood pressure before the bath. 3. Observation of the pulse, temperature, and blood pressure in Ke bath at various intervals. 4, Recording the duration of the bath. 5. Observation of the pulse, temperature, and blood pressure after the baths at various intervals to determine the degrees of reaction and the duration of Same. 6. An observation of the results to determine the influence on the reaction obtained on persons of widely different ages, the number of previous baths, air temperature in the bathhouse, temperature of the water, and duration of. the baths; also the rapidity and duration of the reaction. Also observation is being made on the blood pressure, the effects of the hot water on the leucocytes, the polynuclear cells of the blood, and its phagocytic power. We hope to be able during the next year by observing closely the above plan to furnish some interesting data concerning the therapeutic value of the waters. z KING ST SPRUCE st 65399—16. (To face page 20.) LEGEND. [The numbers in this list refer to the smaller num- bers on the map; the larger numbers on the m:)) are the numbers of the squares. ] . Superintendent’s office. . Lamar bathhouse. . Buckstaff baths. . Ozark bathhouse. . Magnesia bathhouse. . Horse Shoe bathhouse. . Palace bathhouse. . Maurice bathhouse. . Hale bathhouse. . Superior bathhouse. . Arlington Hotel and baths. . Government free bathhouse. . Imperial bathhouse. . Hot Springs bathhouse and hotel. . Rector bathhouse and Waukesha Hotel. . Rockafellow bathhouse and hotel. . Majestic Hotel and baths. . St. Joseph Infirmary. . Great Northern Hotel and baths. . Post office. . Business Men’s League. . Rock Island Station. . Iron Mountain Station. . Ozark Sanitarium. . Alhambra bathhouse. . Moody Hotel and baths. . City Hall and Auditorium Theater. Electric street car line. . Main entrance to reservation. . Park Hotel and baths. . Eastman Hotel and baths. . Arkansas National Bank. . Security Bank. . Citizens National Bank. . Elks’ Home and Masonic Temple. . First Baptist Church. . First Methodist Church. . Episcopal Church. . Catholic Church. . First Presbyterian Church. . Whittington Lake Park. . High-school building. . County courthouse. 44, Superintendent’s official residence. North, West, and Hot Springs Mountains and Whittington Lake Park form the permanent Hot Springs Reservation, owned and operated by the Government. ‘a whee Ps Man! 64, 448 10, 154 19, 026 9, 770 103,398 ly 18 per — ue to the ulations resulting thing for for them house are e entitled cians and March 15, yvernment the equip- he use of r the pur- 1ouse who ) ascertain ay medical 1d benefits the hours icians who rts. Upon o finish up ly equip it served 382 Bathhouse 1 its thera- rs upon the the temper- a Oa Ee SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Pail RADIOACTIVITY OF THE WATERS. Tn 1904 the Secretary of the Interior authorized Dr. Bertram B. Boltwood, of Yale University, to report on the radioactivity of the waters. The following résumé of Dr. Boltwood’s conclusions appeared in the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior for 1904: ; «“* % * The results of the electroscopic tests of the gases obtained by boiling the waters were very satisfactory, as they showed that the waters at Hot Springs are radioactive to a marked degree; and from other tests, taken to determine the properties of the emanation from the waters, it was found that the properties of these radioactive gases were identical with those of the radium emanation. “On the other hand, when water from which the gas had once been taken was boiled a second time, after being allowed to stand, no radioactivity was detected in the gas obtained from the second boiling, and it was therefore con- cluded that little or no radium salts existed in the waters. This conclusion was strengthened by the fact that a test of the residue of the waters which had been left by evaporation also failed to disclose any sign'of radioactivity of this solid substance. A sample from the tufa deposit, formed by some of the springs on issuing from the ground, was also tested, and it was found that the amount of radium contained in 100 grams of tufa was less than one one- millionth of the quantity of radium, associated with an equal weight of uranium in pitchblende. Samples of the gas which arose from the springs were also tested, and its radioactivity was found to be less than of an equal volume of gas obtained by boiling the waters from the springs. The following conclu- sions are reached by Dr. Boltwood as te the result of his investigations: “1. The waters of the springs on the Hot Springs Reservation are all radio- active to a marked degree. — “2. The radieactivity of the waters is due to dissolved radium emanation {a gas), and not to the presence of salts of radium or other radioactive solids.” z THE PAY BATHHOUSES. It is with much pride that Hot Springs is enabled to boast of the most magnificent and palatial bathhouses to be found anywhere. There is no question that these bathing facilities are superior to anything of this kind now in existence. A high standard of efficiency is maintained in the operation of practically all of these bathhouses, and the rules and regulations governing their operation are strictly enforced. The supervisor makes frequent inspec- tions of each and every bathhouse receiving hot water from the Hot Springs Reservation and by this means soon ascertains if there is any delinquency on the part of the management or the attendants. Whenever any unsatisfactory condition is observed, no matter how small or trivial it may be, the matter is brought te the attention of the management in order that it may be remedied at once. This year has been a prosperous one for the bathhouses. v RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. The receipts and disbursements on account of the Hot Springs Reservation during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, were as follows: Proceeds, sale of lots, special fund. July 1, 1916, balance remaining to credit of fund of $82,518, derived from the sale of Government lots___________________-_-__ $4, 972. 49 Protection and improvement, Hot Springs Reservation, indefinite (revenue fund). July 1, 1915, balance to credit of revenue fund____________________ $63, 023. 81 Receipts, July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916, inclusive: AY EL BSE SECS Se 5 ap aR ee $27, 810. 00 COLES TENGL SS) 01 Si Ie A ae oe 10, 100. 00 Sale of 3 bath attendant’s badges, at 24 cents, and 39 bath attendant’s badges, at 40 cents__________ 16. 32 Sale of 1,500 Oertel system maps, at $1 per 100____ 15. 00 37, 941. 32 oo SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Protection and improvement, Hot Springs Reservation, indefinite (revenue fund )—Continued. Receipts, July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916, inclusive—Continued. Repay by W. P. Parks, special disbursing officer, of amount disallowed in his accounts for March, 1915 quarter, by Auditor for Interior Department, on traveling expenses of himself, paid in quarter ended Mar® 315 Oil) eee ee eee $2. 85 Total receipts 22240 2) See ee ee Total’ “available: <2 ets oan abe te ee 100, 967. 98 Disbursements : Salaries of supervisor and reservation employees, July 21,1915, to-Fune 30; 1916) inclusive == SStsa $26, 598. 92 Improvements, repairs, incidentals, and miscel- laneous “Supplies. =) eee ee Se ae eee 12, 922. 34 Exxpended by supervisor____--_________________-_ 39, 521. 26 Additional expended by the department__-________ 739. 88 ‘Total disbursements 2202) es)s 2 eee Available balance, July 1, 1916.25) 1 ess Sa 60, 706, 84 There are at present 19 pay bathhouses in operation in Hot Springs, re- ceiving hot water from the Hot Springs Reservation, with the following rates for baths, approved by the Secretary of the Interior, in effect therein, since January 1, 1916: Single |Course of Single | Course of EUROS path. | 21 baths. EPI ALGOIISS. path. | 21 baths. Alhambra. 2:52. ssoe ceases $0. 40 $7.00 || Maurice. 5-222. oon ee $0.60 $11.00 AMINO FOM Gs ccs aee nen oe emotes .65 12.00 || Moody.....--..--- Spe 50 9.00 BUCKS Father ya eee .60 11.00 |} Ozark.......-...-- Ses - 40 7.00 05 10.00 || Ozark Sanatorium ; 45 8.00: . 65 12.00 || Pythian (colored)....-----..- 25 4.00 .50 92008|| ReCtOGs eee ee eeee eee eee eee ~45 8.00: .55 10.00 || Rockafellow......-- Er Lic 3 45 8.00 : 45 8.00 || St. Joseph’s Infirmary........ -50 9.00: Maenesia set se ice ve sacen nseee - 40 7.00 || Superior........-.--.---...--- 45 8.00 Majestic imac scccutecieere ston eee 55 10.00 Te eae rs There are at the present time 26 leases of hot-water and ground in force. - Name of bathhouse, etc. EMMOMSUAM oes ciawece Oe ILGHETGHS oes Ae Saameadee Part! LM 2h Sas eee Pythian (colored).....--. PROGLOMIem a ae. Seti Roc*afellow.-........... St. Joseph’s Infirmary 1.. Superior 62 es. SCE Sil hi Ro Horse Pool 48.__........ Arlington Hotel, ground lease. : Hot Springs Mountain Observatory, ground lease. . Hot-water and ground leases. Lessee. Alhambra Bathhouse Co.........-...-..-. Arlington Hotel Co.........-..-.---------- Bue! staff Bath House Co.._.............- Mews Wonk Hotel Ov .2. soos 8e ee be SHAE HORdyicere sneass Sie See ae Mercantile Trust Co., trustee............-- D. Fellows Platt.---..--.--.--.--.-.-...-- Leo N’. Levi Memorial iceoral Associa- tion Maurice Bath Co................-.5.---- i hicholas M. Moody W.S. Sorrells and’ ee Bebe Gt aaa : Ozar’- Sanatorium Co..................--- Garland: Hotel Co........-------2----02--- Knights of Pythias (colored) Elias W. Betis Se pe ae Sys ees SRS Sister superior. SSS Soe ae S SH as eer Superior Bathhouse:Coy.. 3. sss Yew Waverly Hotel Co z Simon Cooper.........-..---.--- Arlington Hotel Co. Hot Springs Mountain Observatory Co.. Tubs. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Date of lease. Mar. Mar. Jan. May Jan. Jan. oy. 1, 1916 21,1914 1, 1912 13,1912 1, 1915 1,1895 1,1912 1, 1897 1,1914 1, 1895 1,1913 1, 1912 1, 1910 1, 1904 . 17,1912 13, 1912 - 16,1914 . 16,1914 1, 1916 1, 1914 . 15,1916 r. 24,1893 . 30,1912 . 21,1914 - 1, 1913 23 privileges Expiration, Feb. 28,1919 3, 1932 . 31,1931 * 31) 1924 . 31,1909 . 31,1932 . 31, 1931 30, 1920 . 31,1913 . 16, 1922 12, 1932 . 15,1924 . 15,1924 30, 1918 . 31,1924 . 14,1936 . 23,1913 . 30,1917 3, 1932 1, 1923 1 Water used in private bathrooms in portion of tubs leased. 2 Closed Dec. 31, 1915. 3 Tenants holding over. 4 Destroyed by fire Sept. 5, 1913. 5 Remodeled and reopened Apr. 18, 1916. 6 New building replacing old Superior Bathhouse completed and opened to public Feb. 16, 1916. 7 Destroyed by fire Jan. 23, 1910. 8 Water sufficient to supply 2 tubs. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 24 67896 ‘EFZ| LE°869 ‘S1| FOIE ‘IZ| FE°1a FS] 9°290 Eh) 00“6LE “EE IP 128 ‘F%| 29 ZO ST 26 °090 ‘TT | 09 ‘940% | 90°808'Z | 02 "2460's | OT '8h6% 00°86h‘T | Secale 7 bere €1°G36‘E | 88 961 L068 | OS TOE, | 00°S99 | 00'ETS 0S "e6F | 00°F02 1G 088 ‘FE | ZP890‘T | L8°S0E I | ZO-Oer T 09‘1rz ‘a | LP°92L‘T | GE9FS*T | £0°816 OUR TCO ROMER Eee Cle pOr we Cealecmee St osetia [2 Ecler eee eo-9cz' | 2-602 | 9¢:008 | OL*T0E | G2°soh | SIRE | GG°LTE | 29°20G 69902 ‘F | ST “SZE Te 'Sze | SF0Ss £% "6S | OF LE9 ROLE | S9°PFS , GL 689 ‘FI | 02 E88 0g g9e'T | Gg "Fer ‘T | O8FE9‘T | 08°29 ‘T | 00'Soh ‘T | 08 "808 ‘I e¢'T9g‘L | Ze-Lor | QTIPS | P0999, | 26 S8E ‘T | 88°96 T | 1¢°S00 ‘T | £8 °S6P , OP ‘FIP ‘82 | GG°29G % | OF E19 % eT 08 % 06896 ‘S | SP'99% fh | Sh OPS ‘e GZ ‘CC6 ‘T 06 ‘#19 ‘EI | 921I8 | $9 E29 ‘T | 09°96 ‘T | G2 G08 ‘3 GI6L1'S | 00889 ‘I | OL 99% G6 GES ‘OT | $8 “2LT ‘T | c6-eF1‘T | OL LPS T | 02'089'T | 00°L68 1 | 0'TSP ‘I | S0“Tes G¢'eeh IT | G6"L68 | OS P86, | OL" IST ‘I | 0&°82¢‘T | $8 zoe T | Sh "990 ‘T | $6088 08129 ‘GT | oF Fab‘T | 08 SSI‘T | Oc TEP‘T | OF “661% | 08 °EL9'T | OF” pge‘T | Ge‘Orl T 09 Zee ‘2 Sa ra all eects es2 | mete Wen ad Ke eka Pee lees ae ea OSucyer, GZ'096 ‘ST | 08996 | OO"TS8, | OZ TIO T G9 019 ‘T | S8‘169‘T | SB°STP‘T | 90°99 ‘T 84°16 ‘22 | 0&°960'% | 00°OLT | OF FEF @ 6 I81'F | OL Peh‘S | 00°99L ‘2 | 08 E96 ‘T li) MEPIS |e eae RODE OT 9ST ‘F | Of S10°% | G9°e8h | 0S ‘OLS ‘02 08 IF ‘T-| 02°19 *T | ST°Z10 % 0298S ‘& | oF 819 ‘Z | G8 "Fes ‘% | 96 06F ‘T 08 °280'22 | S6°S86 | OF -OFe ‘T | OT 06L‘S | OL 1ea‘F | S6'8ze‘F | 96°69" ‘% OL 066 ‘T 00°SF6 68 | 09°FORs | Sz'ss6s | G4°Z00“TS| 0S °20z ‘TS| $8920 ‘TS) 08" £80 ‘1$| SO"EEes A ; 5 : 5 “Areni |. *10q 1810.1, oun ACK judy qolen -oug AIVNUCL | a9 a CO"F68‘TT] 18 OST ‘Tt| 60°229 ‘TT! OL 160 ‘FT| £6692 FT ore 18907, mididielaletd cleld |(=\wiaisielelais) mei |(sle mic.eis)a/S)s.=) |e )e/eie/ain eo} — 4)|is>e oles) =, we oee eee eres esse esses sree ssc esses = oTIedng 00 ‘891 00672 | S9°S2~ | 08°08 | 09662 -AreuIyuy S,ydesor “45 11089 | 89°2IL | 06°F06 | O$"SE8 | OS FeO T no 5 ===" "> MOT[OFEHOOY at Ube | Be RSC) oan ROO RROD Re RUGS Sole see ce eae bere oy === 70,004 G9 681 GL SPL OP "£26 06 862 GP 88z ->-(perojoo) aerygég 08922 | S96 | 03'SOL | OF 866, | OL TIE, “MINIIOjeURG H1VZO WZCnG. eh OG:2os — | ORNCRGne: |PCOaRSG 1) COMIGT GT lbp =) sues shite (eee cere “777° = = HIZO ee Op, | Lee0h | co898 | Bo-8hh | 88 L1F srrrosssss ss APOOW 0z°99F ‘TE | 0$'88z | OT689 | 9°966 | 00'Sze'T Bene “72> >" goLIney, og'96¢ | 02'S | 06'8hr | 08'PS9 | O8 ESZ : 7 +972 O1qsoleyy Geos | 002s | OS'sze | OP'eLh | Of FTE ; ==" "=" BISoUsB Ay 02°26 | 08029 | S0°80L | O1°206 | 08°088 emer 30!(:)6 8 Os ‘FIg | Sg’zos | G2'968 | SS°TZa‘T | 0S E60 ‘T 72> [erreduly 0O'9TF | 97688 | OF OFF, | O8 19, | Ga CBE. "777 804g eSIOH Z°219_ | 00°28L, | 00"980 1 | Sh '800 ‘T | $9 "p10 aoe ~--o[8H OT 109 ‘T | 19-929 ‘T | Ze'zes‘T | 29°61Z° | 96"8h8 ‘T ; -aoApl0 Breciaeisicts S| meee cia snlinsaiere aera cette Sedo --*" > TBUISea 0 $98, GE "160 ‘T | SZ 69T il 08 °291 ‘I | G0"08F ‘T “77> geqsyong Gh11Z‘T | Sh°196 | 08"S00‘T | OT'916 | $2466 "77 m0qsUr IV GL‘9FO% | Go‘OFOs | GB°TTZS | SP°T89$ | OL "E298 -- BIqUieqly Sasa et aie cM ates tule asec eile dea ate wx | 2949990 | tn as g | asnsny | “Aine -gsnounyed “9T6L ‘0S eunr papua wah yoosyf sof ‘syyuow fig ‘sasnoyyzng fo ‘suondumapas say ‘7049001 1070, 25 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Z0°OzF | 8L°crL ‘EL | €S Ghz ‘OLT | 62°899 “ere | ST “S6P ‘ET | IT e20‘Oe2 | FL-ZGh‘cE | Era‘e | TLE“PRS | 962‘cL | 299‘9T9| OG9‘Fe | BLO‘h | EGz ‘GT | LL¢ ‘ET ~-----=-1 0% 6ZL°G | GLTEe‘G | S6°090‘IT | Sz7F6 0L°996 01 | O04 82T | 21 cee ‘sc | O1Z‘e Geg ‘Te | 296 Ge 902 820°T araseclsl! oceme te IORI — eats saan os ease €1-986‘€ | c6sIP 8 |77- =="! 9F9'6 £86 Oe OH |G Pees SLT IGP 77 -*"| T6"20L"G =| Of "240°8 ~1 12 "O88 "FT | 19 e8L OL "979 '8E | SL7IOT | OF ee JE | 9807 | 098 Wh | E8h TD |i P80'T | L68‘T SIS ASHS ATAU eAll 8F 606 | 09°7E0'T | OS OT | OL'810‘T | SZ °201 PL G89 ‘S 692 , 106% | &IT SP 6P 86 Z00aF$ |” m7 (207929 € G0'9S‘S | OL °600‘T GE"9F‘Z | 06808 Aree e SFL ‘CT PPS T 6G ‘FI | 649 16 968 SEP aA ES Gr sso '€ | 69°00’ | 6L TF OS or P| O06 2 | "| 826 "TT | 98611 leis Vail || Ath 898 868 srs") GL2TG*L «=| OO'GAT‘L =| GL 689'FT Jo ~**| GL°689 ‘FE | S9°01S‘e | So B8e‘9r | 089°2 810 ‘FS | 9276'S | PSS G6‘T | GILT eerie cn cen eee ORG pee Uc ORs oes (tt ance mum ecOn TOR: Zin a727 OGoe Testes cuauulovOorel = QOL, © O84°12 | 18, | £99 | «62, Tor" OP PIP (8G | Oh FIP'8e | G8"SOL"S | Ge 's0E'oe | GE"sc6'z | 29 0gs‘0g | GLPG GOE ‘9 | SOE "I | 219 €IL‘T | 2h6 1 “=-""=-"| 8T'96G°F | ZL°910‘6 | 06 F19‘ET | 00°00 06 FIE‘EE | ST9L6‘% | Te 00g ‘8z | 162 ‘9 16S ‘FE | ZhO‘T |-~77*"> "| S64 612 1 “--"| 06°280% | SO"S6R‘9 | S6-ceS‘OT | SZ °6IT 02 SIF OL | ST 918 ‘T 09 062‘08 | 681‘¢ 646 ‘SE | PRE‘T | G6T 182 086 ‘T “-7=7="") OO'GLS‘F | GG-2E8‘9 | SG-car‘TT | GL “PRE O8 L201 | Sp'FOg‘T | Gz 000‘0E | 6FF‘s GFP ‘EE | 8cz‘T | 6c¢ 460‘T | 988 ====""""1 29°Q0L‘b | 81°S98‘OL | O8 IZS‘GT | 00 ‘STF 08 9ST ‘ST | G0'80z ‘T 688 Ge8 ‘FE | OLE‘ 861 ‘8E | St6 SIS 016 SIZ ‘T “"77"] OF 6P6‘T | | GL °OTE TE | GZ ‘O9e‘ET | SE°16s 06°896'ZT | OLc29'T | 08 ect ee | 966€ 6PL ‘LE | 6ST °Z | OT FST ‘T | O01 ‘T Pie | Ub Seen Caecne cre | OGiCee a) 1 ICU RCN iM Werte = Oe eke, PG "| s98°2 | 826, T6L°8 | 682, | SIT POE, | BE% 77177775] GB"L96 8 | BE*OLG ST | BL 226 '22 | ST T9L°E | GO'O9T*S | ST 'SP8‘E | LTE 608 ‘Gh | 8c8°¢ LEL‘TS | 197% | PSL 660‘ | 989'T 00‘0SF F | GO'STF'L | 00009 $0°816'9 | 08 "S18 1G LG6'SI | SOT OOOEST 2201 Ti oie ine G16 ESE 25 “2S8" 60'€1Z ZT | 0G °0L9'0G | S8"T9T‘T | SO"80P‘6T | So'scz‘z - | G09 965‘LE | 926 F ZeS ‘TF | 9ST‘% | $99 996 | 920 °T “77777"*| 08°3Z0'TT | 00°090'TT | O8'z80'zz | 00°00F'S | 08°289"6I | SE'8z6‘E- | Iz Sip ce | 2069 | O86 Gr) Ice | TIE T | 692‘ “---=---! G9 "61 ‘ZS | GEIST ‘L$ | 00°Sh6‘6% | 00 'TLTS 00°FL2°6$ | 08°896% | Tz €88 ‘8% | 892‘Z 109 ‘TE | 908‘T | 8a 999 G60‘T : Y if “040, ‘suorjduiep| . 3 K ‘ssqq | ‘sqyord |-soanarpued ‘sydreoer | ‘odesseur | 01 ssoy ee aee fe ae ‘syyeq | ‘peueep Geter “s193101 |'S}oxH019 |'s}ox1019 |"szoxory JON ON -XO [210 12}0.L IOI} sadreoex Jo} preg | -11du109 pied on |-er see [PI0L Q[oUrg |Jeyent) Ie | VOuUAL sydiesey | G7eq [e}07, Be RAN Sp as ges aera roledng - Areullyuy sydesor 49 Pang AMOT[OV390 4 sr aioe *"= 109002 +7 +> (pes0joo) wens “-- “TOMTIO{IUeS YIVZO SESS OR Nae “- == y1ezO stress shoo Kpooyy Rees "7755" -Q0LINB YL soortsete sess orasaleyy eISOUSe I, -5-=- ewe Ty “>>> Terre gl my "oft e804 esIO TT atten SdA PIO /T “- mentyseq Be a ea “---*"-WeISyvong oe a oases HO4sUl IY ooo eIqUTeUy © -esnoymeg “9I6I ‘OG aunp papua aval pvosif ay) Lof sasnoyyjng fo ssauisng 26 SUPERINTENDENT OF ciao ee PARKS. - Hees received by bath attendants in the bathhowses. Fine ing the fiscal 4 year ended June 30, 1916. : 8 Gross | Redemp-. Net Bathhouse. amount. tions. y amount. INOR TOYS A aces se oce css obec es oc sce s ss sesos sar aseesoseoasecacces $6, 166. 65 $958. 95 $5, 207. 70 AEM etOM: <2 )i5ds ses te See ee ene ee Oe ee Ree eae eeen sees 4,575. 90 415. 20 4, 160. 70 Buckstaft BAe RAR MOC ae noice aco cr hoods. Sabo sno oae nner aanaEmacoss 6, 081. 90 633. 90 5, 448. 00 IN ASEIMMAN a jccies cece SOS So Sb aS SOSA S ANH AME NOOR MAO R Se neice 2,302. 05 246. 45 _ 2,055. 60 Mord yco <2). 1. Fes See le eee are ee eo a =| 87,609: 25 878. 65 6, 730. 60 Horse: SHC « a=: = sti x crapper ee eae ee ae oe ee eee reo ere 1, 283. 85 139. 20 1,144. 65 TRC ooo aca cee wd ate oe See eee eee eee REE ae tee Saeieee 5, 307. 35 599. 40 4,707.95 Tamperiall «oi Ss 5 see eee ee a INU ee 5, 547. 00 506. 40 5, 040. 60 1640012) Gee Cre Ae tases Ace etree ea ina etn Seem Cammy ey Bee yr 5,017. 35 517.35 4,500. 00 Macnesia. © ss. 2 cieree seem cies em ieee tec ins Sera saeee eae 5, 212. 35 778. 35 4, 434. 00 Miajestic = oss: sioic eae ae eee ae tg ee echt at eS pt et ee 5, 005. 80° 823. 60 4) 182, 20 Maurice... «25 s5paecsewe ae a rsicis S Siena nisin Sisk Cis ie eee es ee 8, 154. 45 821. 25 i 333. 20 Mood ¥ wc 3-2 3S seeeee samin 2 oe eae eee eens ee eres eee 3a 157. 65 476. 40 2. , O81. 25 Oar = «25555 eee eae eae Sy een ea 7,845.90 | 1,144.54 6, 701. 36 Ozark Sanatorium......... Date eee en See Ue laa 1,824.15 192. 90 1 631. 25 Pythian. (colored) wae 22h ees Se ae ete eee eee ba? ceiioe 2,078. 10 231. 60 1. 846. 50 RReCtOrs Ses F ia SS REPS RS GP a a ae ge 418.95 40. 20 "378. (hive Rockafellow eee Ce eee ae ie Sa ea RC eM aa etn coed 5, 992. 45 581. 10 5, 411. 35 St: Josephs Infirmary 22552262 Sse pe eae ee eases ees 1,531.35 147. 60 1,383. 75 Superior. ..jcs/225 25 Fee Se cise hielo ie p wre oe Re Sie emer acto 4,576. 05 481. 50 4,094. 55 Motalasecssee setae ee 1nd LSS SURE PRUNIR AMET ALA iis fund 89,688.50 | 10,614.54 | 79,073.96 RECOMMENDATIONS. The supervisor recommends the preparation of a comprehensive plan for the future improvement of the Hot Springs Reservation by a competent landscape engineer under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, with an appro- priation of aly 000 therefor ; the construction of a roadway 30 feet wide and approximately 24 miles in length through the “Gorge” at the east end of Hot Springs and North Mountains, with an appropriation of $40,000 therefor; the paving of Fountain Street, from Central Avenue to boundary monument No. 36, and Reserve Avenue, from Central Avenue to boundary monument No. 26, this work to be done under an improvement district now being promoted in the city, with an appropriation sufficient to meet the just assessments for this work; the immediate reconstruction and remodeling of the Government Free Bath- house, the tentative plans prepared by Mr. Gill, of the department, being satis- factory to the supervisor, with an appropriation of $75,000 therefor; the con- struction of a new greenhouse, with an appropriation or allotment of $3,000 therefor; an appropriation of $237,840, which figures: are based upon scientific estimates, for the construction of a storm sewer and surface drainage system in Hot Springs to care for the drainage from the reservation; an appropriation of $96,595, also based upon a scientific estimate, for the construction of a Sanitary sewer system in Hot Springs to care for the sewage from the reservation; the securing and permanent maintenance of a band on the reservation, in which plan it is suggested that the city might cooperate; and the pursuance of a plan to promote the publicity of the Hot Springs Reservation, on the part of the Government, sugg esting in connection with the plan, that illustrated descriptive pamphlets be sent out in large numbers. ; YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - — Lioyp M. Brert, Colonel of Cavalry, United States Army, Acting Supervisor Yellowstone Park, Wyo., succeeded by Chester A. Lindsley, Acting Supervisor, October 16, 1916. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Yellowstone National Park, set aside by act of March 1, 1872 (sees. 2474 and 2475, R. S.; 17 Stat., 32), is located in the States of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It has an area of about 2,142,720 acres and an average altitude of about 8,000 feet. The military force available for duty in the park consists of a detachment of 200 soldiers of the Cavalry Arm of the service, trained in the different Cavalry regiments and detached therefrom for this special service. i 7 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 2% The headquarters is located at Fort Yellowstone, but the command also garri- sons 15 soldier stations scattered throughout the park, requiring 128 men during the tourist season and 75 during the remainder of the year. A telephone system connects the soldier stations and the post. In addition to the military force which is maintained by the War Depart- ment, the Interior Department furnishes certain civilian employees, namely, a elerk, scouts, a buffalo keeper, etc. The officers and men of the military command, and the civilian employees, performed their duties in a most satisfactory manner. TRAVEL. A severe winter with’ deep snow was followed by a late spring featured by a gale which continued for five days, doing great damage to the telephone system and closing the roads with uprooted trees. The men of the command repaired the telephone lines and made the roads passable for all kinds of travel. ‘Though there were many obstacles to overcome, such as deep shows and wash- outs, the belt line and the north and west approaches were opened on schedule time. The Cody-Sylvan Pass-Lake Road was opened to wagons on June 27, and to automobiles on June 29. The Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. began operations on July 1, as advertised. The first vehicle came in from the south on June 26. The Chittenden Road, from the Canyon to Tower Falls, presented the greatest difficulties, as the snow, from 4 to 30 feet in depth, was packed solid for some 6 miles in Dunraven Pass and its approaches. This road was open to wagons on July 2, and to automobiles on July 6. The aggregate number of persons making park trips during the season of 1916 was as follows: rs 4 Travel during the season of 1916. Entering via the northern entrance with the Yellowstone Park Trans- - ONCch Ta trcanns (Tien, @ Meat cicaehioeen ne UM Syd iialllon Beer ee ah a ie 3, 853 Entering via the western entrance with Yellowstone-Western Stage Co__ 3, 657 Entering via eastern entrance with Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co________ 1, 293 Wylie Permanent Camping Co.: omemin= via northern entrance. 2. 2, 155 ’ Bntering Wal WesHern enkrance: = 20k ovRo cs 7 Se 2, 879 —— 5, 034 Shaw & Powell Camping Co.: HWntering via northern entrance________-____ i Fe Se lO OL Piierone vid Western entrances: 2. 2 7 ao eee 369 5 —— 1,730 Old Faithful Camping Co. (Hefferlin Camps) : Entering via northern entrance_____________________ 333 Hntering via western entrance__________________ 53 —_—_—— 386 With other licensees of personally conducted camping parties____-_____ 288 Making park trips with private transportation: With automobiles, trip tickets__-_____________ 12, 926 With automobiles, season tickets__-._.________ = 2, 004 ——— 14, 930 With other private transportation, as “ private camping IO AGETOS ape eee aie SS ee eT LA Een ee RON a ad SE Leis) 2, 325 ——— 17, 255 Bese amcous! SHOLL LIPS se. Mel ee ts ee 280 ' Winter trips—special excursions to view game______.________ 2, 073 ——— 2,353 Gree he 60 ens sa as a sue Saes oe 5 labia Reng) )4 40) The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. reports that 7, 876 people were accommodated at_the hotels in the park during the season of 1916, of which 3,862 entered at the northern entrance, 3,653 aH the western entrance, and 361 at the eastern entrance. The Yellowstone Pank Boat Co. reports that 2,558 people took the boat trip across Yellowstone Lake during the season, of which 1,237 were traveling with Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., 1,021 with Yellowstone- Western Stage Co., 247 with Wylie Camping Co., and 53. with Shaw & Powell Pampits Co. « 28 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Travel by the different entrances. From, the north, via Gardiner, Mont________ Paras ane Eee eraey eae ea Ey NCS 17, 589 Nrom. the-west, via Yellowstone, Moni) ae 13, 261. Mromethexeast, svilai@ocdys, Wiy.O ses eres eae ee Sith ns eae 4, 593 Mromthe south, via. Jackson W022 = sae. 2 ee eee 395 Krom the northeast, via Cooke; Mont 22) 222 see eee 11 FP tea oak eee rN ce Dh 35, 849 Automobile travel. . As Tourists Entering via the northern erttran¢essssoe me se an nee meee ohne =a eiee 1, 264 4,825 Entering via the western emtramce.-..-.--.-------- 22 oe. 8. see ene ee nee 1, 291 5, 234 IDpotnembates AE) aie) Gee al Vat AN OC 643 4553s oe seco Sc adasesdosseeaseesonaseoeee ss 754 2,754 Entering via the'southern entrances. 22. <2 252222 oe ee ta see ne eee eee 3 31 113 Total automobile travel on trip tickets. -.......-....--.-..-.-..---.---..-- i 12,926 Automobile travel, season tickets. ------ <2... oe eee ne eee nee ne 2, 004 Total automobile travel on paid tickets..................--..-.-.--- oe 14, 930. Entering with Cody-Sylvan) Pass Motor Cosse2 222... ese) fees ee ene seen eee ste 1, 293. Grand total of parties entering with automobiles 16, 223: The automobile travel is included in the aggregate number of tourists mak- ‘ing park trips as shown on the preceding page. Attention is invited to the fact that parties traveling in automobiles are not included in the reports of numbers accommodated during the season at hotels. and permanent camps. During the year 1916 202 personally conducted camping permits were issued as follows Bntering at mortherm! entrar Ceo se Ee ee 83 Entering at both northern and western entrances______--_________-==_--__ 37 Hntering at western) entrances =22 5 | ee ee eee a 4 Entering at eastern’ entrance oo ee ee eee 68. IMntering at southern entrance.2) si ok ee ee eee 10: The travel by way of Tower Falls by regular tourists returning to Mam- moth Hot Springs from Grand Canyon was encouraged by some of the trans- portation companies, the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co. alone transporting over this scenic route 698 tourists. Most of those touring the park in auto- mobiles took the Mount Washburn route and were most enthusiastic over the scenery. In addition to the transportation furnished by the regular companies, mov- able camp licenses were issued during the season covering a total of 387 wagons and 309 saddle and pack animals, and one special wagon for livery work. | The columns of the daily papers and the orders of the railroad officials to stop the shipment of perishable goods which could not be delivered before the day set for the strike and other reliable information convinced the president of the hotel company that the railroad strike was inevitable. He, in accordance with this belief, at 11 o’clock p. m. of August 380, decided that all tourists at the hotels be taken direct to the railroad stations. The movement commenced early the morning of August 31, and was so expeditiously managed that the tourists had departed, the help sent away, and the hotels closed by September 2. The imminence of the railroad strike deterred many from journeying far from home. This is unmistakable, as the travel to the park which was excellent prior to the alarming period of the contention fell to almost nothing for the remainder of the season. The Wylie Camping Co. closed to tourists early in the month of September. The Shaw & Powell Camping Co. and Old Faithful Camping Co. continued: to give tourists full service, as advertised, to the end of the season. CODY-SYLVAN PASS MOTOR CO. On June 6, 1916, a concession was granted the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co., authorizing it for the term of one year from January 1, 1916, to establish and SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 29 maintain an automobile transportation line for the accommodation of persons desiring to enter the park via the eastern entrance. This company operated from Cody, Wyo., to the eastern entrance, thence inside of the park to the Yellowstone Lake, where they turned their patrons over to the transporta- tion companies operating horse-drawn vehicles. The business of the new com- pany was conducted in a very satisfactory manner. A total of 1,295 passengers entered the park with it, of which 258 were turned over to the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., 113 to the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co., 710 to the Wylie Permanent Camping Co., 1384 to the Shaw & Powell Camping Co., and the balance of 78 were transients. The company also carried a total of 3,109 tourists out of the park from Lake Outlet to the eastern entrance, which were taken from the various transportation companies. 1 AUTOMOBILES. There were 3,445 automobiles carrying 14,930 tourists from June 15 to Sep- tember 30. Of these, 2,004 came in on season tickets and 12,926 on the regular tickets of passage. These tourists came from 40 States, and nearly every known make of automobiles was represented. This includes, in addition to the regularly purchased tickets, complimentary tickets to county, State, and Fed- eral officials in the park on official business. The automobilists almost without exception adhered closely to the automobile regulations and followed strictly the schedules, which proved quite popular. As the roads approaching the several entrances of the park improve, the auto- mobile travel will increase, and the park will in time become one of the great resorts of the country. To make this a possibility, the Park-to-Park Highway Association held a most enthusiastic convention at the Canyon Hotel July 24-25 and started a movement for good roads from all the contiguous States to the parks and within the States. Mr. Robert I. McKay, of Cooke, Mont., to whom a permit was issued last year to use automobile trucks and trailers for transporting ore and supplies between Gardiner and Cooke, Mont., used but one truck and trailer and one utility car last season, and up to this date he has failed to make arrangements for renewal of his privilege. His reports indicate that he expended $11,857.63 _in repairing the roads under his contract with the department. Similar per mits for use of the park roads between Gardiner and Cooke have been given for the present season as follows: One to Nels EH. Solderholm, a merchant of Cooke, for use of one 2-ton truck for hauling his own supplies and employees. One to G. L. Tanzer, president of the Western Smelting & Power Co., of Seattle, Wash., with mining interests in Cooke, for a 2-ton automobile truck, a 3-ton trailer for same, and a utility or repair car, with privilege of increasing the number to 41 vehicles if desired. These permits were granted under the Same requirements as was Mr. McKay’s last year—namely, that the licensees pay a fee of $20 per annum for each truck used, $10 per annum for each trailer used, and $10 per annum for the utility or repair car. Mr. Solderholm has had his truck in commission since about July 1. Mr. Tanzer has ordered a truck and trailer, but it has not been received and put into commission. More than 50 motor cars and_trucks have been in use by the different branches of the Government and concessionaires in the park in hauling supplies and work other than transporting tourists. STREAM GAGING. Mr. G. Clyde Baldwin, district engineer of the water-resources branch of the, United States Geological Survey, with headquarters at Boise, Idaho, who has charge of this important feature, has furnished the following report on this work for the year: Records were obtained from the following gaging stations, which were estab- lished during June, 1913: Madison River, near Yellowstone, Mont. Gibbon River, at Wylie Lunch Station, near Yellowstone, Mont. Yellowstone River, above Upper Falls, near Canyon Station. Snake River, at south boundary Yellowstone National Park. During July, 1915, the sum of $1,000 was apportioned from Yellowstone Park funds to assist in carrying on the stream-gaging work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. In consequence plans were made for the installation of 65399163 30 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL. PARKS. a water-stage recorder at the station on Yellowstone River and for the purchase and erection of cables from which to secure current meter measurements at this station and also at the one on Snake River. The installation of this equipment, which was in progress at the end of Sep- tember, 1916, will make it possible to secure dependable records at these sta- tions for high stages of flow. The water-stage recorder will be located close to the Upper Falls of Yellow- stone River and will be housed in such a manner as to permit inspection by tourists. Later it is proposed to post rating tables in prominent places in order to enable tourists to determine from the observed gage reading the actual quantity of water passing over these falls. Detailed descriptions of the gaging stations, together with summaries of eur- rent meter measurements and gage height and discharge data for each will be ' published in the annual Water-Supply Papers of the United States Geological Survey, Parts VI to XII, respectively, for Missouri River and Snake River drainage areas. ROADS. The road work in the park is in charge of Maj. Amos A. Fries, Corps of Hngineers, United States Army, who has furnished the following notes on the work in the park under his department. The sundry civil bill of July 1, 1916, appropriated money as follows for road work in Yellowstone National Park and the adjacent forest reserves on the east and south: “Yellowstone National Park: For maintenance and repair of improvements, $152,500, including not to exceed $15,000 for maintenance of the road in the forest reserve leading out of the park from the east boundary, and not to exceed $10,000 for maintenance of the road in the forest reserve leading out of the park from the south boundary, and including not exceeding $5,000 for purchase, operation, maintenance, and repair of motor-driven and horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles to be used for inspection of roads and road work, to be expended by and under the direction of the Secretary of War: Provided, That no portion of this appropriation shall be expended for the removal of snow from any of the roads for the purpose of opening them in advance of the time when they will be cleared by seasonal changes. “Hor widening to not exceeding eighteen feet of roadway and improving sur- face of roads and for building bridges and culverts from the belt-line road to the western border from the Thumb Station to the southern border, and from the Lake Hotel Station to the eastern border, all within Yellowstone National Park, to make such roads suitable and safe for animal-drawn and motor- propelled vehicles, $38,700. “For completing the widening to not exceeding eighteen feet of roadway and improving the surface of roads and for building bridges and culverts in the . forest reserve leading out of the park from the east boundary, to make such roads suitable and safe for animal-drawn and motor-propelled vehicles, $6,000.” In addition there remained available on October 1, 1915, about $13,000 of the $195,000 appropriated for the same purposes in the sundry civil bill of March 8, 1915 (p. 9. report of acting superintendent, Sept. 30, 1915). - On account of early spring and the desire to expedite work in anticipation of record travel through the park during 1915, due to the combined influence of the European war and of the San Francisco and San Diego Expositions, work was vigorously prosecuted during the spring and summer of 1915 under the appropriations for both the fiscal years 1915 and 1916, and consequently almost all erews had either exhausted their apportioned funds or completed their work prior to the date of the last report (Sept. 30, 1915). The work during the present year included general repair and maintenance of the entire system, including the belt line, the north, west, south, and east approaches, both in the park and in the forest reserves on the east and south, and the Cooke City road; widening and improving the west, south, and east approaches, including the east forest reserve; sprinkling of 100 to 112) miles of belt line and north and west approach road; repair and construction of bridges; construction of conerete, wood, and galvanized-iron culverts; clearing of dead and fallen timber from the roadside; reshaping and ditching roads; maintenance of trees, shrubs, vines, and lawns. In the following summary the work will be divided into that done on the belt line, the north approach, the west approach, the south approach, the east approach, and the Cooke City road. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. a1 BELT LINE. General road repairs——Owing to the very heavy snows of the past winter and to the late spring, the road over the Continental Divide, between the Upper Basin and the Thumb, was still impassable on account of snowdrifts as late as June 15, and would have remained so for the first part of the tourist season except for work done voluntarily on the part of the transportation com- panies and others in shoveling and otherwise breaking a trail through the snow. While this work served to render the road passable for horse-drawn vehicles for the first tourists on June 17, much sooner than would have been the case through the regular seasonal thaw. it also had the effect of permitting the passage of traffic through numerous snowbanks, the continuous melting from which kept the roadbed in wet and poor condition. That, combined as it was with restricting the travel to a narrow, single track, caused very severe rutting of the roadbed, and required considerable urgent repair work to keep the road from becoming impassable. The same was true of the Dunraven Pass road from the Canyon to Tower Falls, and of parts of the east approach road in the park, especially near Cub Creek, although both of these roads were not opened up until somewhat later than the Continental Divide road. The spring run-off from the deep snows of the winter also caused Some wash- ing out of roads over certain stretches, especially along Spring and Dry Creeks, between the Upper Basin and the Thumb, and required the constant attention of a small maintenance crew during the early part of the tourist season. Harly in July two flying-grader squadrons, consisting of about three graders each, with a few extra laborers, were sent in opposite directions around the belt line, starting from Mammoth Springs. These crews shaped up the roads, repaired washouts, cleaned out ditches, and cleaned out and made minor repairs to culverts. In addition, a special crew was necessary to repair the 6 miles of road between Gibbon Meadows and Yellowstone Junction, which had become very badly broken up with ruts and chuck holes. Bad chuck holes between Mammoth Springs and the 15-mile post on the road to Norris were repaired by an emergency crew of about three men sent out from Mammoth Springs in a Ford touring car which was temporarily impressed into Service as an emer- gency repair car. To assist in maintaining the roads during the tourist season, each sprinkler crew was equipped with a split-log drag; and whenever rainy weather, which was rare during the season of 1916, gave an opportunity for so doing,, these drags were used to reshape and smooth out the ruts in the roads. This process is very necessary and would have been more efficacious had there been more rain than was the case during the season just closed. Sprinkling and dragging.—During the tourist season of 1916 a maximum of 110 miles of road was sprinkled, covering practically the same stretches of road as the previous season, and including a portion of the north and west approaches. Although water for sprinkling purposes was plentiful early in the tourist season, continued dry weather during the summer caused some of the wells from which water for sprinkling was drawn to go dry, so that toward the end of the season it was found necessary to abandon several sprinkler runs, as was the case in 1915. As already stated under “General road repairs,” all sprinkler crews were equipped with split-log drags, which were used whenever rainy weather gave an opportunity for doing so, to reshape and smooth out the roads. Firehole River realignment.—This realignment, which will replace several miles of the road lying between the Madison Junction and the Firehole Cascades, ‘was begun in June, 1915, and completed during the season of 1915 for a dis- tance of about 3,500 feet. Work was resumed about the middle of July of this year, and up to the present time about 1,200 feet additional has been com- pleted, making the total completed distance to date about 4,700 feet. This new location involves very heavy rock’work, but it will greatly improve the grades and will open up a fine stretch of river scenery, replacing with an unusually attractive road one which is quite deficient in such qualities. The construction of this new road has been greatly assisted by the recent installation on the work of a #-cubiec yard revolving steam shovel, which will serve to materially reduce the cost of handling the rock material after being loosened by blasting. It is expected that the realignment, the total length of which will be about 7,650 feet, will be completed next season. Gibbon Canyon.—Two miles of the road along the Gibbon River, between the 15 and 17 mile posts from the west entrance toward Norris, was reshaped and 82 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. regraded, including two short realignments (800 and 600 feet long, respectively } and the installation of about four corrugated-iron culverts. Vicuity of Lake Hotel—The first 5 miles of the road from the Lake Hotel toward the Canyon and the first several miles of the road from the Lake Hotel toward the Thumb was reshaped and regraded. ‘Twenty-six corrugated gal- vanized-iron culverts, mostly of 24-inch diameter, were installed in connection with this work. Freight road—Lower Geyser Basin.—The freight road, 4 miles long, which parallels the main belt-line road between the Fountain Soldier Station and the Hxcelsior Geyser, having been closed by reason of the unsafe condition of the wooden truss bridge over the Firehole River, about 1 mile from the Foun- tain Soldier Station, it was found desirable to reconstruct the bridge in question, and also to generally put the road in shape for traffic. In addition to the reconstruction of the bridge already named, the trusses of which were so weak that they collapsed during the building of the new 50-foot bridge, there was also reconstructed the 40-foot bridge ever Nez Perce Creek, in the immediate vicinity of the Fountain Soldier Station. The putting of this road into commission again makes possible deviating over it considerable heavy freighting traflic, thus reducing the wear on the main road between the Fountain Soldier Station and Excelsior Geyser, and furnishing a shorter route for freight trafiic, and also gives opportunity for greater freedom in handling automobile traflic past the Fountain Geyser Basin without interference with the horse-drawn traflic. Resurfacing.—No resurfacing hag been done on the belt line during the present season. Two automobile dump trucks were purchased and recently re- ceived, and are now in use on the west approach for hauling surfacing material there. In order to take advantage of the cheaper hauling costs, such surfacing as is contemplated on the belt line has been delayed until such time as these trucks will be free to do the work, as the expense of hauling is much less by truck than by team, and by the use of trucks it is therefore possible to surface well and at reasonable cost stretches of the road system which heretofore it has been impracticable to surface except with the poorer materials immediately at hand. Bridges and culverts.—In line with the policy adopted several years ago of reconstructing in permanent materials the bridges and culverts on the main Belt line, there were built or installed this spring on the sections of road between the Thumb and the Lake and between the Lake and the Canyon, six reinforced concrete slab culverts, four of which were of 8-foot span and two of 38-foot span; and one double corrugated galvanized-iron culvert, 24-inch diam- eter, with concrete head walls. Al! except two of the foregoing structures require to be back filled in order to be placed in commission. Concrete hand- rails were added to the 26-foot double-span reinforced concrete culvert built in 1914 over Otter Creek, about 2 miles from the Canyon Junction on the road to the Lake Hotel. There were also installed some galvanized-iron culverts at other parts of the Belt line, of 12, 18, and 24 inch diameter, as already noted in connection with the reshaping of roads in the vicinity of the Lake Hotel and between the 11 and 13 mileposts from Yellowstone toward Norris; but also in the replacement of small wooden and tile culverts at other parts of the Belt line where they had been broken down and rendered unserviceable by the heavy automobile truck traffic over them this season. In addition, a number of cul- verts and small wooden bridges were repaired, strengthened, or reconstructed, principally on the road between the Canyon and Tower Falls, many of these being partially or entirely broken down by the automobile traffic. The high steel bridge over the Gardiner River, on the road from Mammoth Springs to Tower Falls, was refloored with lumber. Guard rails—Log guardrails were installed at the east approach of the Chit- tenden Bridge over the Yellowstone River, on both sides of the road. NORTH APPROACH. On the north approach road, extending from the northern entrance at Gardi- ner, Mont., to the Belt line at Mammoth Hot Springs, general maintenance and repair work was done, as on the Belt-line road itself, and the first 383 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs toward Gardiner was sprinkled. The other mile and a half of the road had been treated with a light oil and sand finish in the spring of 1915 and did net require sprinkling during the season just closed. 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SPuwasucfndos | 9) VNVINOW | iy 013775 Ba] MOUAY al= Pen (coone Ev! aaven 2 SustorieH| se oP yyutna Ya}ol4j09 SS ONTNVONTIAH \ i Ba 4 a aoNdON 10%.011 ,08.011 nee ‘Wad N__0S01T ty t ymission again in i i f the Belt ‘by the heavy and ion, vicini The high connection but also on the ma tions of road 1e Canyon, six _ respectively ) ie Lake Hotel he Lake Hotel Station e condition of ‘om the Foun- were So weak there was also 24-inch diam- ing structures Jjonerete hand- ulvert built i m the road to m culverts at already noted ake Hotel and umber of cul- reconstructed, nany of these yrrugated gal- s long, Which Is immediately | years ago of an and two of e in quest jdition to the | heretofore in : 4 ediate 5 i Sj iS 0 AC. A Ent . Bees. y I Atay ie aie arenes a SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. eo Gardiner Road for a number of years, was cut back in the fall of 1914 and the spring of 1915, so that at the beginning of the 1915 tourist season the road was broad and in very good shape. During the summer of 1915 and the winter following the slide gradually encroached upon the road, however, so that early this spring the roadway had been reduced to a width of about 9 or 10 feet. In addition to the old or main slide, the encroachment of which is gradual, there developed in the fall of 1915 a new or secondary slide, several hundred yards nearer Gardiner than the main slide. The slumping off of material at this new slide caused the road about 1% miles from the north entrance at Gardiner to be blocked several times during the fall of 1915, and four times during March and April of the spring of 1916. By means of blasting and the use of graders, the road was reopened within a half day ordinarily after the occurrence of slides. In this work the quartermaster of Fort Yellowstone, Wyo., cooperated by fur- nishing teams and teamsters. In May the road at the main slide, which, as already stated, had become extremely narrow, was very much widened by blasting and grading, which process had to be repeated along portions of the slide once during the summer. Grader work was also required from time to time to smooth off the road surface, made necessary by the heaving up of the same due to the pressure from the slide above. Considerably more work will have to be done on the slide prior to the opening of the next tourist season. Retaining wall.—Harly in June a section of the conerete retaining wall which protects the road in the Gardiner Canyon gave way, being undermined by the high water in the Gardiner River, due to the melting of the very heavy snows of the preceding winter. The break was repaired without serious injury to the roadway_by means of concrete and the free use of sand bags and steel rods. An adjacent section of the wall was weakened later in the summer by blasting operations in connection with the slide removal, but not so seriously as to make advisable any repair work during the tourist season. The wall will be placed in first-class condition during the present fall. WEST APPROACH. On the west approach road, which extends from the west entrance at Yellow- Stone, Mont., to the Belt line at Madison Junction, a distance of 1383 miles, maintenance work similar to that on the Belt line, including sprinkling the 33 miles nearest to Madison Junction, was done. In addition, the work of widen- ing and improving the road to make it safe for animal-drawn and motor-pro- pelled vehicles has been prosecuted as rapidly as possible since the funds for the fiscal year 1917 were made available early in July. Widening and grading.—During the year widening and grading of the west approach has been extended to include the entire distance from Yellowstone to Madison Junction, the work done this season covering about 2 miles between the 11 and 18 mile posts from the west entrance. Surfacing.—During the season of 1915 oil-macadam surfacing, 18 feet wide, — was completed for the first 5 miles of the approach, beginning at the west entrance. During the present season a crushed-rock sub-base, 5 inches deep and 10 feet wide, ready to be given an oil finish, has been constructed a distance of 23 miles, reaching as far as the bridge over the Madison River, about 7% miles from the west entrance. The narrowing of the oil-macadam from 18 to 10 feet has been made because the experience to date has shown that prac- tically all traffic on the west approach is concentrated on the 10-foot strip, and the expense of the greater width in further construction on the west approach, at least for the immediate future, is not considered justified. To haul the oil for the oil finish there has been purchased a 1,000-gallon, asbestos-covered oil tank and distributor, which has recently been received and will be temporarily mounted, whenever necessary for oiling operations, on the White 5-ton truck purchased by the engineer department last year. This equipment will permit oiling of roads at considerable distances from the railroad without undue ex- pense of hauling and without the necessity of reheating the oil en route. Two 54-ton dump trucks have also been purchased to permit the more economical hauling of crushed rock and other surfacing material on this and other work in the park. Both trucks are for the present in use on the west road. SOUTH APPROACH IN THE PARK. In addition to general repairs, such aS were made on the Belt line, the work of widening and improving the south approach for combined horse-drawn and automobile traffic, as specially appropriated for by Congress, was continued. 34 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Widening and grading.—The widening and grading of about 14 miles of road between 6 and 8 miles from the Thumb Soldier station, which was begun during the season of 1915, has now been finished, and, in addition, the road has been widened and graded for a distance of about 4 miles over the Pitchstone Plateau, covering a stretch located between 17% and 21# miles from the Thumb Soldier station. This latter work has been extremely difficult, the plateau being strewn with large and small bowlders, and has included several minor realignments where better grades and curves could thus be obtained, or where the road could be built more economically on the new location. In doing this work there was used to advantage a heavy power grader drawn by a steam roller acting as a tractor, both of which machines have been newly purchased this season. To complete the improvement of the south approach there is yet required the widening and grading of about 34 miles of road (14% to 17? miles © south of the Thumb). This work will probably be completed in time for the next tourist Season. Bridges and culverts.—The Moose Falls Bridge, about 14 miles from the south entrance, was redecked, and two small log bridges were constructed, one about a mile south of the Thumb Soldier station and the other, a 12-foot span bridge, about 4 miles south of the Soldier station. In addition, repairs were made to other log culverts where necessary, and several small log and corrugated-iron culverts were installed in connection with the widening and grading work re- ported above. Realignment 4 miles south of Thumb.—A short realignment, 400 yards long, about 4 miles south of the Thumb, was constructed, including the 12-foot log bridge reported above. SOUTH APPROACH IN THE FOREST RESERVE. Snake River Bridge—During the present season the steelwork was erected for the 100-foot span steel bridge over the Snake River, 23 miles south of the park boundary, and the reinforced-concrete floor was also constructed. To com- plete this bridge there is still required the construction of two short log bridges at either end of the main bridge to form the approaches to the shores. These log bridges are just now being started. Owing to the very poor condition of the old wooden bridge over the Snake River, it is very urgent that the new bridge be placed in commission at the earliest possible moment. Dugout realignment.—A realignment, about seven-eighths of a mile Jong, between approximately 5 and 6 miles south of the park boundary, to replace the very bad stretch of road there known as the dugout, was constructed during the present season. This realignment includes the construction of a 70-foot span log bridge and of a number of small log culverts. General repairs—In addition to the more important work in the south forest reserve already noted, considerable work of a general maintenance and repair nature was done to the first 7 miles south of the park boundary. EAST APPROACH INSIDE THE PARK. General repairs—General repairs. were made where necessary throughout the entire 26 miles of the east approach inside the park. As already stated under the work on the Belt line, constant attention was required early in the tourist season to keep the east approach passable, owing to the melting of snowbanks and to the single, narrow track which had been opened through the snow and to which traffic was for the time being restricted. Bridges and culverts—The so-called Loop Bridge, east of Sylvan Pass, was replaced by a 25-foot span wooden bridge and a large rock fill at the west abutment of the bridge. The bridge over Pelican Creek was refloored, and numerous other smaller bridges and culverts received repairs made necessary by the heavy run-off from the winter snows and by the traffic of automobile trucks and of the heavy transportation autos entering the park from the Cody entrance. There were also installed a number of galvanized-iron culverts in connection with the widening and grading work hereafter described. : Widening and grading—The work of widening and improying the road to make the same safe for both animal-drawn and motor-propelied vehicles under the special appropriation for this purpose was resumed as soon as the new funds became available in July. Uhe work done during the present season consisted of widening, reshaping, and regrading about 14 miles of road just east of Sylvan Pass. ‘The improvement of the east approach has now been Be aire = i ae SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 35 brought to completion on all except about 34 miles of the road, between the 93 and 13 mile posts from the Lake Junction. Of this 34 miles, a distance of 13 miles, between the 93 and 11 mile posts, had been previously partially widened and improved, and work is now being begun to complete the entire section of 34 miles. EAST APPROACH IN THE FOREST RESERVE. Widening and grading.—The work of improving the road in the Bast Forest Reserve to make the same safe for both animal-drawn and motor-propelled vehicles under the specia! appropriation for the purpose was resumed in July, and during the present season the 23 miles between the 5 and 74 mile posts from the park boundary was widened gud graded, thus completing the work of widening and grading for the entire 274 miles of the road. Steel bridges.—Work has heen Dosen on the steel bridge, 100-foot span, over the North Fork of the Shoshone River, 24 miles from the park boundary, and on a similar bridge over Elk Fork, 23 miles from the park boundary. Both of these bridges, as well as one over the North Fork, 214 miles from the park boundary, were begun in 1915. During the past year the reinforced- concrete floor of the Elk Fork Bridge was constructed, leaving only the approaches yet to be built for this bridge. At the North Fork Bridge 214 miles from the park boundary, the erection of the steelwork and the con- struction of the reinforced-concrete floor and of the approaches remain yet to be done. The steelwork of the bridge over the North Fork, about 24 miles from the park boundary, known as the Pahaska Bridge. was erected during the year, and the approaches were constructed. This bridge is now ccmplete except for the construction of the reinforced-concrete floor, which it is expected will be constructed the present fall. General repairs—General repairs were made to the road in the East Forest Reserve wherever required, including minor repairs to log bridges and culverts. The road was repaired and reshaped more extensively between the park boundary and Pahaska, about 24+ miles from the boundary. COOKE CITY ROAD. Bridges and culverts—lourteen galvanized-iron culverts and one log culvert - were installed on the road leading from Tower Falls Soldier Station to the northeast boundary of the park, between the Lamar River bridge and the Buffalo Farm, abcut 4 and 12 miles, respectively, from the Tower Falls Soldier Station. Twin Lakes realignment—During the present year there has been constructed a realignment, about 3 miles long, of the road just east of the crossing of the Yellowstone River. This realignment, which passes to the south of the so- called Black or Junction Butte, replaces a portion of the read which was replete with bad grades and curves, and some parts of which, during the spring of the year, have at times been all but impassable because of the mud. The work included the installation of a number of gaivanized-iron culverts. Work by Robert I. McKay.—The werk done by Mr. Robert I. McKay and associates, who have mining interests at Cooke City, Mont., about 4 miles outside the northeast boundary, was continued last fall until interrupted by the closing in of the winter season. Mr. McISay and his associates are inter- esced in the upkeep and improvement of the road for the benefit of their motor trucks and trailers, for the operation of which between Cooke City and Gardiner, Ment., for the hauling of ore, Mr. McKay has a permit from the Interior Department. The work done last fall by these interests, after Sep- tember 30, included a very desirable realignment between Fish and Pebble Creeks, obviating the extremely bad grades of the old road, and the construc- tion of two short realignments between the Soda Butte Soldier Station and the Jackson Grade. Some light graveling was also done on portions of the road. During the present spring Mr. McKay reconstructed the log bridge over Pebble Creek, which was originally constructed by him in 1915, and the center pier of which was undermined by the high waters of this spring. FISH. Mr. W. T. Thompson, superintendent of the United States fish hatchery at Bozeman, Mont., who also has charge of the summer station on Yellowstone Lake in the park, reports a fairly successful harvest of black-spotted trout eggs, 36 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. although his work was hindered to some extent by snow and floods, due to- melting of the heavy snows in the early part of the season, and later by the dry, warm weather which lessened the stream flow so as to materially shorten the run of the spawning fish. He also complains of considerable interference by the bears, which were very plentiful and were the source of many complaints during the summer. He reports, however, that notwithstanding these handieans his total harvest for the summer amounted to 7,485,800 trout eggs, which was nearly 2,000,000 more than the previous year. . AS usual, most of these eggs were ‘‘eyed”” and shipped to county, State, and Federal hatcheries throughout the United States, but about 200,000 of them that were taken early in the sea- son were hatched out for restocking purposes in park waters. The fish hatchery is located close to the Lake Hotel and some of the perma- nent camps and is of great interest to tourists, who are always welcome to observe and to whom an attendant is always ready to explain the workings of the hatchery. The eggs that were hatched were planted in Clear Creek, Columbine Creek, Pelican Creek, and Bridge Creek, tributary to Yellowstone Lake, and 60,000 were sent out to be planted in Buffalo Fork of Slough Creek, but did not stand the trip and died before reaching their destination. Seventeen thousand young eastern brook trout furnished by the United States fish hatchery at Bozeman, Mont., were planted in Nez Perce Creek on June 30. WILD ANIMALS. Due to natural conditions, and the fact that wild animals have been pro- tected for many years, the park is rapidly becoming known as the largest wild bird and animal preserve in the United States, if not in the world. In addition to 194 varieties of birds, including many varieties of waterfowl, that have been observed and recorded in the park, antelope, deer (both black-tailed and white- tailed), elk, moose, wild buffalo, bears, mountain sheep, coyotes, gray wolves, and mountain lions are notable, and many of the smaller animals such as beaver, foxes, lynx, otter, marten, mink, marmots, skunks, red squirrels, chip- munks, weasels, badgers, porcupines, etc., are numerous. ANTELOPE. Most of the antelope winter in one herd near the north line of the park and are held from leaving to the lower country outside by the high woven-wire fence extending from the mouth of Gardiner River west to Sepulcher Mountain. The antelope, together with the deer and mountain sheep, were fed hay during the winter; 1934 tons that was on hand. from the alfalfa field near the north entrance was so fed, and as this was not sufficient, due to the very severe winter, about 7 tons additional of baled hay was purchased for the purpose. Improvements were made of the alfalfa field as follows: About 15 acres were fertilized and the loose surface rock picked off. About 35 acres were disked, reseeded in bare spots, and dragged. The work of irrigating the field, cutting, curing, and stacking the hay, was again done by contract, at a cost of $5 per ton for the hay in stack. About 120 tons, from two cuttings of the field during the past summer, are on hand for the coming winter. ; DEER. Both the black-tailed and white-tarled varieties are very tame and seem to be thriving. The black-tailed deer are quite numerous, and many of them, like the elk, doubtless stray outside of the park and are killed by hunters in the open season. ELK. The snow was very deep and winter very severe throughout the park, and due tu this fact the elk, which are by far the most numerous of any kind of game in the park, came down to the lower levels in immense herds in January, February, and March, so that the matter of capturing them for shipment. was a comparatively easy one, and there was no trouble in securing all that were wanted for shipment. The. unusual number of elk, antelope, deer, and moun- tain sheep in the immediate vicinity of the northern entrance also attracted _ many winter visitors. The Northern Pacific Railway Co. ran several special excursion trains to Gardiner from Montana points during January and Feb- SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ai tuary, and a total of about 1,992 tourists made special trips to see the game. As high as 7,000 elk were counted between Fort Yellowstone and a point about a mile west of Gardiner—most of them along the main road—on January 27, a day when the weather was particularly severe. On account of the very severe weather it was predicted that the loss of game during the spring months would be great, but this prediction did not prove true, and the men who in April made a careful census of the elk reported but few dead animals found, and that most of them were in excellent condition. Due to the deep snows and a rather late spring the elk remained down in the valleys and lower altitudes much later in the spring than usual. Under authority of the department shipments of 618 head of elk were made during the winter, as follows: PPeminsil enna os ee ee a 100 50 All aipamiae = = -- 50 40 PRe cise sae 2) 50 RVRIMIE SO eS oe 2 i 50 OL OOO 2 2 eo 50 Washington pa ae GEN Tr Tee cp se 50 Gp EDISON ee 2) Montaigne Joe. 2 eel 8 ee Bd ee ee 50 Department of Agriculture__________ LOS eNerth] Dako tase 2e. 2 Se eee eee 4 Under authority of the department dated February 15, 1916, representatives of the United States Biological Survey and of the United States Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture were in the park March 2 to 14, inclusive, taking a census of the elk and studying their winter conditions, and such as- sistance aS was practicable was given them here. A eopy of their complete report has not been furnished this office. In accordance with instructions from the department, beginning April 5, 1916. a very careful census was made of the elk belonging to the northern herd in the park and just along its borders outside on the north and northeast; 29,544 elk were found in this herd and 1,958 more were accounted for—namely, 1,000 (estimated) killed in adjoining States during the open hunting season, 6114 Shipped from the park under authority of the department, 90 shipped from just outside of the park by the authorities of Montana to other points in the State, and 257 counted that had been killed for their teeth in the State of Montana not far from the park line after the close of the open hunting season. An unusual increase in the Jackson Hole herd south of the park, as found by the representatives of the Department of Agriculture referred to above, indicated that a number of the northern herd had probably migrated to the southern herd during the past year. The severe storms of the last days of December and the month of January drove the elk out of the park in large herds. Certain lawless individuals took advantage of this opportunity and slaughtered them recklessky. The section of Montana where the unlawful killing of elk took place is a strip of rough coun- try from 12 to 15 miles long, measured in the direction of the northern bound- ary line of the park and extending northerly to a width of 8 miles, lying wholly without the park and embracing the country about Gardiner and Jardine. The hunting season in-Montana closed December 15, 1915, and there were no elk reported outside the park in the section under consideration at that time. So the slaughter took place during the closed season. A fairly careful search by park scouts of the strip of country above mentioned resulted in the finding of the bodies of 257 elk which had been killed for their teeth. During the past summer more elk than usual have been seen along the trav- eled roads, and patrols who have seen them in large herds at higher levels state that there are an unusual number of young with the cows. MOOSE. ‘Moose are so timid and are so much scattered in many sections of the park that it is practically impossible to get a reasonable estimate of their numbers, but they are frequently seen in small herds, and there is little doubt that they have been on the increase for several years under the protection afforded them by the park and the adjoining States. Last season the State of Wyoming sold special licenses to kill one bull moose to each license during the open season, and limited the number to 50. I am informed that those who bought such _ licenses had no difficulty in securing their moose. 38 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. BUFFALO. Wild herd.—In July and August a special attempt was made to look up the wild buffalo in the park. ‘Their condition was found very satisfactory. Sey- enty-two in all were found, of which 10 were this year’s calves. Tame herd.—The main herd is kept on Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 30 miles east from headquarters. This herd now numbers 276 animals, as follows: Males. | Females.| Total. Number Oct: 11915 Gastirepont) sesceseeserere eee oe eee eee eee ea 122 117 . 239 IByoyaUoyepecbaotre OIC, oOo oss 3 bee onsedacuabaoso0sfouenne SuopeedoS sane one 34 22 56 Total to accounttons ele eee ee as aera) ee ie en lL a ree Be 156 139 295 Mied) or disposed: ofdurcing i hevyearse sere se eats ae ee eee yee 10 9 19 Balance now in the herd.......---..----..------ eee YEN EAL ater ee 146 130 276 Of those disposed of, one 5-year-old bull and one 6-year-old bull were shipped to Corpus Christi, Tex.; two 2-year-old bulls and four 3-year-old cows to Wind Cave National Park; one 6-year-old bull to Kansas City, Mo.; and one 4-year-old bull to Denver, Colo., all donated by the department but shipped at the expense of the parties receiving them. An 8-year-old cow and a 4-year-old bull were killed by fighting among the herd. Two young cows that were not in very good condition got into a Swamp and were not strong enough to extricate themselves. One of the oldest bulls in the herd was killed, apparently by a poisonous weed ; and an old cow died in the same manner and her calf was raised on one of the domestic cows kept for that purpose. A 4-year-old cow was drowned in an irrigation ditch in the lower field. An old buil that was not in good condition was gored to death by the others while they were being “ rounded up.” A male calf that was born late last fall, and had never been in good condition, also died. In the cases of those that died, whenever practicable, the heads, skins, skulls, ete., were saved and shipped to the National Museum as specimens. Sixteen of the old bulls were brought in to Mammoth Hot Springs on June 15, where they were held during the tourist season as a show herd. About 220 tons of excellent hay was cut and stacked at the buffalo farm on Lamar River for winter use of the tame buffalo herd. The cost of cutting and stacking this hay was about $4.72 per ton, plus the work of the regular employees and the 4-horse work team used at the buffalo farm. About 400 rods of the woven-wire fence around the upper field on Rose Creek was rebuilt and minor. repairs made to the balance of the fence. The roofs and trimmings of the log buildings were painted, the work being done by regular employees. Due to the increasing herd of buffalo, it will be necessary to plow up, fence, seed, and irrigate additional land for meadows, and arrangements are being made to do this late this fall or early next spring. The buffalo are grazed in the open as much as possible. It was necessary to feed hay beginning January 13 last winter. A veterinarian of the Department of Agriculture visited the park and vaeci- nated the young buffalo for hemorrhagie septicemia early in December. BEARS. Many complaints were received during the summer of depredations by bears, which were particularly plentiful and very much in evidence during the tourist season throughout the park. Many of those that live around the camps in sum- mer get mischievous, and as they grow older they become bolder and finally are positively dangerous and eventually have to be killed. Six black bears and two grizzlies have been killed for this reason during the past season; one small black cub, with a can stuck on its foot, was killed to prevent further suffering, and two small black bears died near headquarters from unknown causes. One tremen- dous grizzly bear attacked and injured two men asleep in camp near Indian Pond, on the Cody Road north of Yellowstone Lake, about the middle of August. Efforts were made to locate and kill this bear, but without success. On the evening of September 7 three men in the employ of the United States Hngineer : SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 39 _ Department were in camp on the Cody Road about 10 miles east from the outlet of Yellowstone Lake. They were attacked in:the middle of the night, apparently without provocation, by a bear, which was ‘probably the same one referred to above, and one of their number, Frank Welch, of Electric, Mont., was dragged some distance and so bady mauled and injured that he died a few days later in the hospital at Fort Yellowstone. Efforts were again made to kill this bear, and on the evening’ of September 8 a very large grizzly, believed to be the same one, was killed by exploding a charge of dynamite under him by means of an electric battery. Bears were captured and shipped from the park under authority of the- department as follows: On August 10 a pair of grizzlies, male and female, 2 to 3 years old, to the park commission at Virginia, Minn. The same date- a pair of yearling brown bears, male and female, to Madison Zoological and Aquarium Society, Madison, Wis., and a young female grizzly to the commis-- sioner of sanitation, San Antonio, Tex. A young male grizzly was also sent to San Antonio, Tex., on September 26. These shipments were all made at” the expense of the cities receiving the bears. COYOTES AND WOLVES. Coyotes are numerous. From October 6, 1915, to June 30, 1916, two special rangers were employed by advice of the United States Biological Survey for the purpose of exterminating carnivorous animals in the park. They succeeded in shooting and trapping 83 coyotes, 12 wolves, and 4 mountain lions. The . skulls and such of the skins as were desired as specimens were sent to the National Museum, and the other skins were sold and the money deposited to- the credit of the park revenues. Other park employees succeeded in killing 97 coyotes, making a total killed of 180. Two young male wolves captured in the spring of 1915 by the employees at the buffalo farm were shipped alive on. November 16 to the National Zoological Park. MOUNTAIN LIONS. Mountain lions are quite in evidence during the winter, when their tracks. are found in the vicinity of the large herds of elk. Four were trapped and killed last winter. f MOUNTAIN SHEEP. The mountain sheep wintered in excellent condition. Signs of sheep scab> were noticed on three of them in Gardiner Canyon, and plans were made to- dip them, but by the time the arrangements were completed they had gone- so tar back in the mountains as to make it impracticable to capture them, and later reports indicated that those that were apparently diseased were much im-- proved as the spring advanced and grass was available. BIRDS. A number of new names were added to the list of birds observed in the park through the observations of Mr. M. P. Skinner, who made the original list, until it now totals 194 varieties. Several of the varieties of water birds are - found in the park the year round, as there is plenty of open water in winter due to hot springs and geysers. PROTECTION OF GAME. Extra rangers were employed during the open season for hunting in the ad- joining States in order to protect the park boundaries from hunters who might purposely or accidentally stray over the line. The supervisors and other em- ployees of the national forests adjoining the park, as well as the State game authorities, cooperated with the park authorities in protecting game, and several important arrests were made and convictions secured. On June 28, 1916, an act of Congress was approved amending the act of May 7, 1894, to protect the birds and animals and to punish crimes in the park so as to provide a maximum penalty of $500 or six months’ imprisonment, or both, and costs, instead of $1,000 and two years as heretofore. This change will greatly simplify the matter of trials for offenses in the park, as under the original law the United States commissioner in the park was not authorized to dispose of cases that came before him, but could only have a hearing, and if the facts justified, hold the offenders to trial before the United States district 40, SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. court, which made the proceedings tedious and often very expensive for the Government. Seventeen snowshoe cabins were repaired and supplied for winter use of patrols. VIOLATIONS OF LAW. The highway robber who held up the coaches near Madison Junction on July 9, 1915, has not been apprehended. HEdward B. Trafton was tried in the United States district court in Cheyenne, Wyo., in December, 1915, and found guilty of holding up the coaches in the park on July 29, 1914. He is now serving a five-year term in the United States prison at Leavenworth, Kans. Most of the cases of persons found hunting in the park during the open season in adjoining States were apparently accidental, due to ignorance of the whereabouts of the park line, which is not always well marked, and in rough country is sometimes hard to find. The cases of apparent willful violations of law in regard to hunting occurred mostly during the closed season in the ad- joining States by professional hunters. SANITATION. During the tourist season frequent inspections of hotels and camps were made by officials of the Interior Department and officers of this command. During July Mr. J. A. Hill made a special inspection of hotels and camps to determine the quality and manner of handling of food supplies. An inspection of the manner of slaughtering and handling thé meat supply in the park was made September 6-8 by an expert from the Department of Agriculture on request of the Interior Department. Two men with a 2-horse team and wagon were kept on the move all summer keeping the camping grounds in a sanitary condition and caring for the earth closets maintained for public use throughout the park. Special sanitary camps for parties traveling in private automobiles and carry- ing their own camp equipment, located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, and Lake Outlet, were constructed in the early part of the summer. These camps consist of a large shed for housing of automobiles, with a capacity of 12 cars at each point, toilets for men and women, and cook- ing grates. Dry wood is provided at each place, and at Mammoth Hot Springs electric lights and running water are also provided, all without charge to the tourist. These facilities were appreciated and should be improved upon and the sheds enlarged to provide for increased travel. FOREST FIRES. The latter part of the season was very dry and special attention had to be given to fire patrols. A forest fire was reported at Upper Geyser Basin, about 500 yards east from Old Faithful Geyser, on August 2. It was controlled by the soldiers stationed at that point, assisted by employees of the near-by permanent camps, after it had burned over about 3 acres. It was kept under control by the soldiers for several days until finally extinguished by a hard rain. It was probably started by a picnic party. On the afternoon of August 25 a small fire was reported about 7 miles south from Fort Yellowstone and about a mile from the main road. One scout and a detachment consisting of a noncommissioned officer and 10 soldiers were sent out and succeeded in extinguishing it the same evening before much damage was done, although it smoldered and had to be carefully watched for several days afterwards. About half an acre was burned over. The cause of this fire was not determined. On the evening of September 18 a forest fire broke out on Cougar Creek, about 5 miles from Riverside Station, in down timber and jack pines. Such men as could be spared from a road camp in that vicinity assisted the men from Riverside Soldier Station in extinguishing it after it had burned over about 4 or 5 acres. Under a high wind it broke out again on September 21 and spread rapidly. The men fsom the road crew were again called upon, and 35 soldiers from Fort Yellowstone, under a commissioned officer, were sent out to fight the fire. The following day the number of soldiers was increased to 70 men, and the fire was well under control by the morning: of September 25 and was extinguished completely by a hard storm ending in snow on September 26 and 27. This fire burned over a strip about 2 miles long and in places a half mile SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS, 41 wide, but no material damage was done, as the burning was mostly in down timber and jack pines and in willows in the bottoms along the stream located Several miles from the main road. IMPROVEMENTS. Four sanitary automobile camps were established at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon. At each ¢amp was constructed a shed 60 by 382 feet, 8 feet high at the eaves, frames built of poles cut in the park and covered with 28-gauge corrtigated steel roofing, painted. The sheds are divided by rows of supporting posts into six double stalls each 32 by 10 feet, each stall to hold two automobiles, making a total capacity of 12 automobiles to each shed. The sheds cost an average of $292.81 NATURAL PHENOMENA. No notable permanent changes were recorded in the action of the geysers and hot springs during the year. Many of them appeared to be more active than usual for a few weeks in the early part of the summer, due to the increased amount of surface water from the exceedingly heavy snows of last winter. Hymen Terrace, one of the most beautiful of the terraces at the Mammoth Hot Springs, dried up last fall, but started up again the latter part of Febru- ary and was fairly active until nearly the close of the tourist season, when it dried up again and has broken out in a new place just above the old terraces. A double vent geyser broke out at the Thumb of the Lake early in May, and at first played every 23 hours to a height of from 75 to 100 feet, but it gradually dwindled and quit playing entirely the latter part of July. Under special permit of the department a few parties visited the park during the past winter for the purpose of taking moving pictures of game, and several others visited the park during the summer season for the purpose of securing moving pictures. Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior, Hon. Stephen T. Mather, and party visited the park officially from July 22 to July 31. The Superintendent of National Parks, Mr. Robert B. Marshall, was in the park from September 3 to 14. Mr. Horace M. Albright, assistant attorney, Interior Department, was in the park September 18 to 18. The orders from the War Department direct that the military force now ‘guarding the park be withdrawn, Fort Yellowstone abandoned as a post, and the guardianship of the park transferred to the Interior Department, effective October 1, 1916. The Interior Department is organizing a ranger force to replace the troops. In 1886 troops of the Cavalry Arm of the military, service marched into the park, pitched camp, and took up the important duties of making this magnificent reservation a pleasant place for people to visit and a home for the wild game. Many officers and men look back upon their service here with the keenest pleasure. Their duties have been well and creditably performed, and the 30 years of military control will be memorable ones in the history of the Yellow- stone National Park. YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK. W. B. Lewis, Supervisor, Yosemite, Cal. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Yosemite National Park, when created by the act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stat., 650), was situated in Tuolumne, Mariposa, Madera, and Mono Counties, Cal., and covered an area of about 1,512 square miles, being 36 miles wide by about 40 miles long. Under the act approved February 7, 1905, entitled “ An act to exclude from the Yosemite National Park, California, certain lands therein described and to attach and include the said lands in the Sierra Forest Reserve,” 542.88 square miles were excluded and 113.62 square miles were added to the park, making a net reduction in area of 429.26 square miles, so that the area, after the passage of the above act, was 1,082.74 square miles, the park being situated in Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Madera Counties. By act of June ; 11, 1906, entitled “ Joint resolution accepting the recession by the State of California of the Yosemite Valley grant and the Mariposa Big Tree Grove, and including the same, together with fractional sections five@and six, township five 49 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ‘south, range twenty-two east, Mount Diablo meridian, California, within the — ‘metes and bounds of the Yosemite National Park, and changing the boundaries — thereof,” there were added to the park the Yosemite Valley, 48.60 square miles; Mariposa Big Tree Grove, 4 square miles; and a strip lying between the latter — and the park proper, 2.18 square miles; and deducted by the change in the — southwestern boundary, 13.06 square miles; making a net addition to the area : of 41.67 square miles. The present area of the park is 1,124.41 square miles. ROADS. Of approximately 103 miles of roads under the control of the Government, there is only about 1 mile of good, hard-surfaced road. There are about 2 miles of water-bound macadam road on the floor of the Yosemite Valley, which it has not been possible to keep in proper repair, with the result that it is becom- ing badly rutted. About-5 miles of road on the valley floor have been surfaced with river gravel. ‘This gravel is of an inferior quality, which pulverizes rapidly under wear, and necessitates heavy sprinkling to keep down the dust. The remainder of the park roads are ordinary dirt roads, most of them built years ago, and on account of sharp curves, steep grades, and their narrow width, are not adaptable to automobile travel and the heavy trucking of the present time. The work, just begun, of the reconstruction of El Portal Road should be con- tinued until the entire road is completed, with a maximum of 6 per cent grade. This should be followed by the improvement of the other roads in the park, in the near future, as the increase of travel will soon make demands upon the present roads, which they will in no way be able to meet. In order to successfully meet this growing demand, it is urgently recom- mended that appropriations be made available for three years, or until expended to put the roads in first-class condition. This would be a saving to the Govern- ment in the long run, in the decrease in cost of maintenance, which cost is at present very high as compared with the results obtained. BRIDGES. The question of bridges on the floor of the Yosemite Valley is one that should receive the immediate attention of the department. There is but one bridge at present which has a safe loading capacity of more than 6 tons. This, El Capitan Bridge, a combined steel and wood truss, being safe up to 12 tons, while the Sentinel’ Bridge, over which the bulk of the traffic passes, was con- demned some three years ago for loads exceeding 3 tons. The inconvenience to the park as a result of this condition is apparent when ~ the question of maintenance is considered, as the heavy road building and sprinkling equipment owned by the park can pass loaded from one side of the valley to the other over El Capitan Bridge only. The low load capacity of the Sentinel Bridge has resulted in excessive trans- portation costs to the transportation companies operating in the park, as well as to the park itself, due to the increased length of haul resulting thereby. All freight trucks and heavy passenger trucks en route to points on the north side of the valley are compelled to go via the Le Conte Road and Stoneman Bridge, an extra haul of 2 miles. : Z The Sentinel Bridge should be first considered and replaced for the accomo- dation of the transportation of freight and passenger trucks, and should be followed by the replacement of the Pohono, Happy Isles, Stoneman, and Tenaya Bridges with modern structures with load capacities of not less than 15 tons. TRAILS. Of approximately 650 miles of trails within the park, 175 miles can be classed as good, requiring small improvements only to put in first-class shape. Some of these, such as the Yosemite Falls Trail, the Nevada Falls Trail, and the Tenaya Canyon Trail, have been constructed through extremely difficult country, and are examples of first-class trail construction. One hundred and forty-five miles of the park trails are classed as fair, while the remainder, approximately 280 miles, should be reconstructed practically throughout. These latter are located principally in the northern part of the ; park, north of the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne. This part of the park, here- bi) SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 43 tofore little visited and practically unknown, is beginning to attract attention, and will continue to do so still more with the establishment of lodges, as proposed, - for the accommodation of the tourist. It will, therefore, be necessary, in order to popularize that part of the park, which possesses unsurpassed mountain - scenery, to reconstruct many of the trails, thereby insuring travelers against _ danger. ; It is urgently recommended that three entirely new trails be constructed during the coming year, viz, the extension of the Washburn Lake Trail to join with the Isberg Pass Trail near Harriet Lake, 3 miles; from the McClure Fork of the Merced, three-fourths mile above its junction with the Merced to Tuolumne Pass, via Babcock and Hmerick Lakes, 8 miles, replacing present trail from same initial point to Tuolumne Pass, via Vogelsang Pass, 9 miles. POWER PLANT. The marked increase in the use of*light and power, as compared with the previous year, is shown by the increase of 65 per cent in the output of the plant. In order to supply this demand, the plant has run practically to capacity during much of the busy season, and it is fortunate that work is in progress for the construction of a new plant which, in addition to supplying electricity for light and power, will also be able to supply electricity for heating and cooking. BUILDINGS. -The buildings in use for the housing of the Government employees are, for the most part, the cottages formerly used by the War Department, located near the Yosemite Falls Camp. All of these buildings, with the exception of three, have been sealed and are fairly satisfactory as winter quarters. The other three should be sealed before the coming winter, having been constructed, as - were the others, for Summer use only. WATER SUPPLY. The increased demand for water, due to the installation of El Capitan Camp and the laundry and swimming tank at Yosemite Falls Camp, has been such that there have been occasions when it could not be supplied from the regular water supply. In order to fil the Yosemite Falls Camp swimming tank, it has been necessary to turn the river water into the mains at the power house. This has been objectionable, resulting in bursting of pipes in one or two in- stances, and the mixing of the river water with the domestic supply of pure spring water has brought complaint from water users. The present headworks at the spring develop probably 60 per cent of the available supply. By additional headworks probably 90 per cent of the avail- able supply could be developed. This amount, to be used for domestic purposes only, would, undoubtedly, suffice for many years. In order that. it would do so, however, it would be advisable and necessary to develop a separate supply from the river for use in swimming tanks and baths. MEDICAL SERVICE. The present building in use as a hospital is the same, slightly remodeled, as formerly used for that purpose by the War Department, and contains three rooms for patients, a small operating room, a nurse’s room, and a reception and consultation room. Three other rooms are utilized as living quarters by the physician and his family. One hundred twenty-three cases were treated in the hospital during the year July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916, and 1,566 calls were made outside. As many as seven patients have been cared for at one time in the hospital, necessitating crowding and the utilization of all available space, the surplus being .cared for on cots placed in the operating and nurse’s rooms. The heavy tourist travel necessitates not only the maintenance of a medical service and hospital, but the isolation of the park from first-class hospital fa- cilities would seem to demand that such a service be of a high order. With the present facilities nothing but emergency cases can be cared for, and in order to supply the want it will be necessary to replace the present inadequate buila- ing with a new one with a capacity of about 25 beds. In connection with this, but separate from the hospital, there should be erected quarters for the physi- 3 cian and his family, as the present condition of maintaining quarters in the hospital is unsatisfactory, both from the view of the patients and the physician. ; 44 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. SANITATION. Up to the present time nothing has been done toward the installation of a complete sanitary and sewage-disposal system. During the past season there have been as many as 5,000 people in the valley at one time, and for a period of three months the number has averaged close to 3,000. The danger of stream pollution is evident when it is considered that much of the sewage empties directly into the river or its tributary streams. That there has never been a typhoid epidemic in the valley below, where people are dependent on the Merced River as a water supply, as a result of stream pollution in the Yomesite Valley, is nothing short of remarkable. It therefore appears essential that steps be taken at once to install a com- plete system of sufficient capacity to take care of the present and future needs of the whole valley. The public camps should be supplied with flush toilets, and a crematory for the proper burning of garbage should be installed to take the place of the present primitive, evem though effective, method of burning in pits. v4 FOREST FIRES. No serious damage was done by forest fires during the past year, all fires re- ported having been easily brought under control by the park rangers, assisted by other park employees. CLEARING OF THICKETS AND UNDERBRUSH. The existence of thickets and dense growths of underbrush in certain timber. areas on the floor of Yosemite Valley and in the Big Tree Groves and the slashings left on the cut-over lands adjacent to the park timberlands along the Wawona Road and along the west and south boundaries of the Mariposa Big Tree Grove constitute a menace of large proportions in the consideration of fire protection. Fires originating in such thickets or slashings, and with a favor- able wind, quickly become uncontrollable and large areas are apt to be burned over before they can be stopped from spreading. Such thickets should be thinned out, and in cases where the slashings adjoin park timberlands fire lanes should be cleared out of sufficient width to obviate any danger of fires spreading to the timbered areas. INSECT CONTROL. Seme three years ago the department realized the necessity of instituting a campaign against the various classes of beetle depredating on the park forests. Since that time much effective work has been done with the result that, with one exception, all of the infested areas have been brought pretty well under control. The one area which has failed to yield to control is located in the Cathedral Basin, near Lake Tenaya. This area is forested almost entirely by lodge-pole pine. While other areas, since control operations were initiated, have shown each year a marked decrease in attacks, this one shows a very marked increase. A recent examination by Assistant Forest Entomologist J. M. Miller, of the Department of Agriculture, indicates that unless severe measures are taken in this area in the near future the entire lodge-pole stand will be exterminated. He estimates that under no condition can more than 50 per cent of the stand be saved, and then only in the event control operations on a large scale are promptly undertaken. LOGGING OPERATIONS. Logging operations on private and Government lands within the park have been prosecuted on a large scale during the past year by the city and county of San Francisco in its development of the Hetch Hetchy project and by the Yosemite Lumber Co., but more principally the latter. The latter company has cut over during the last year about 370 acres of timberland lying within the boundaries of the park. A small percentage (42 acres) of this has been cut under restrictions whereby trees were left for seed and scenic purposes. . The city and county of San Francisco has cut over about 900 acres of a total area of 1,200 acres to be cleared in the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Of the total 1,200 acres to be cleared, about 400 acres is Government land. In addition to this it has cut over 120 acres of its own lands on what is known as Canyon Ranch. a a Me ae ge sO eee ee i H ‘- 2? f rd t TNS. eee sata, Xo ' >» Be =. ator i E Mc cang ae ~s iz ‘ - La... . PpheaS sight ee ee ae ¥ % We aah FANCY EDT ea cay pT Le ee SEIN Sy Aa 7aKe819) ISN » ZN. 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OS HVA GHGS ova, n 2 8 BH oe ae qe aS so SBOHaI8R aia ow on Hird 80g 2 3) cle we Beh 2 3 agou a 65 AVE SL SEGa Heh kes ap Pee HO Bada wa) S) Bid bel emits O hate, Omen Oso ea alSaa n 62,8305 8 nn8 a tO B44 ¢ r3) Ha a 2 o m9 M4 ® a Poo eS Bn, C9822 SEB u aa ancagae Fe mar eSh.2So5Rn° BOSHUE PR Saea° a5 e2eseeea Be SSL Sp RACaS GB S°7 heise gus i 5 SSeagee Ba aes aenaeags : NS =I + bat < o irs} reo is Aes 7 oO mart nS) Agansd aa CAS > Sa Bony oF oo ao ey try Sy a eh SS) eel eet os 45a e2na Be SCf00,8 OP usss J & a ale nye a fetter be Bh ae cee ene ee a ne tala aerate. 4 4 i | 5 i } | SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 45 PATENTED LANDS. Attention has been called in previous annual reports to the necessity for the abolishment, either by purchase or exchange, of private land and timber hold- ings within the park. Agreements have recently been made by which the Gov- ernment acquires from the Yosemite Lumber Co. some 200 acres of timberland along the Wawona Road and 360 acres from the city and county of San Fran- cisco near Hog Ranch. This is in addition to acquisitions immediately follow- ing the act of Congress of April 9, 1912. There is also a proposition now being considered for an exchange between the department and the Yosemite Lumber Co. by which the department would acquire the bulk of the lands within the park boundaries in the vicinity of the Merced and Tuolumne Big Tree Groves. RANGER SERVICE. The present ranger force consists of 1 chief park ranger, 1 assistant chief park ranger, 1 special park ranger in charge of maintenance of roads, trails, ete., 1 special park ranger in charge of timber cutting in connection with the operations of the Yosemite Lumber Co. and the city and county of San Fran- cisco, and 3 regular park rangers, and 19 additional temporary rangers are employed during the months of heavy travel. A P INFORMATION BUREAU. The bureau of information established last year was continued in operation in charge of one of the park rangers. The opening of the roads on the floor of the valley at the beginning of the season of 1916 to general automobile travel greatly augmented the interest of motorists in the park, and the consequent increase in motor travel during the 1916 season, as compared with that of 1915, demonstrates the popularity of this action on the part of the department. The rule of one-way travel was rigidly adhered to at the beginning of the season. Later, however, as dangerous curves _ were eliminated, and narrow stretches of the roads were widened, the roads were gradually opened to two-way traffic until at present the freedom of the roads is given to the motoring public under proper speed regulation. With such regulation of speed the valley roads are reasonably safe, and it is recom- mended that during the coming season all restrictions as to direction of travel be eliminated, except that of one-way traffic on the Big Oak Flat and Wawona grades. On these grades travel should be restricted, as at present, to going and coming on alternate hours. The total number of automobiles entering the park during the period October _ 1, 1915, the date of the annual report, and September 30, 1916, was 4,048, of which 3,843 were from. California. This includes, in addition to the regularly purchased tickets, complimentary tickets to county, State, and Federal officials in the park on official business. The travel, segregated as to points of entrance, was as follows: : : Cars Alder Creek, Wawona Road_____---_.__ US Mra ALE ole ma Ae Clee 2, 370 Merced Grove, Coulterville Road___--_----~ baa vut aie pi Haw aes he 426 Anew Aimer OnkeekKlat Roads: 200 oa lute es ee ee 553 - Bl Portal, El Portal Road (cars shipped to El Portal over Y. V. R. R.) —_ 6 ae NaNO ON OAC. ER ee a a ee = LOG TPC as TES MUTI Co yeaa) TR 1 (SE eee gen Ra 578 io Cmnnchamiererchy EVebehy Roadie ay ee 4 IEG) f¢-)) lee NPIS SURO hh Tea oa a re I 4, 0438 UESpTERUNL TDI OMRCENAUCON DSS oC Ya cg 2, 270 UE c CUPENSISY SR ais 2 Se AE eam a, SO OP ee gE ae CGE: Increase over previous year 78 per cent. Entering park in private automobiles during period Oct. 1, 1915, to People. Sepa, SAD), TACT G eR ee ey ee PRO ee Dn 14, 527 MPntering park in private automobiles during previous year___________— 7, 377 lincreasewover PLEVIOUS Yeni 2 2 FT es Se eee 7, 150 Automobile transportation service on the floor of the valley, initiated during - the season of 1915, was continued with increased facilities, running on regulat schedules and at fixed rates between camps and hotels and to the varioug points of interest in the valley. 65399—16——_4. 46 — SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. VISITORS. Visitors to the park during the period October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1916, reached a total of 33,396, an increase of 1,748, or 5.5 per cent, over the total of the year ending September 1, 1915, the date of last annual report. This inerease is largely due to the increased freedom allowed private cars on the park roads, especially on the roads on the floor of the valley. FISH AND GAME, Since the beginning of the 1916 season a more determined effort has been made to enforce the park regulations as to fishing. The question of the con- servation of fish in the park is an important one since fishing is, particularly in the back country, one of the main attractions which draws the tourist to those parts. The transportation of small fry to high mountain lakes and streams is difficult as, well as expensive. It is, therefore, very essential, as a factor in fish conservation, that the regulation limiting the day’s catch to 20 be rigidly enforced. In addition to this, the work .of stocking lakes and streams and restocking others should go on year by year so far as prac- ticable in order that the demand may continue to be met. Considerable good work is being done by the park rangers in transplanting fish from streams already stocked to those where none exist. This is a very effective method of stocking and should be encouraged. Ley Since the month of May the State law requiring a State fishing license has been enforced in the park for the first time in many years. The regulation prohibiting hunting inside of the park is rendering a great service in the protection of game. The park has become, as a result, a great summer feed ground and breeding place for deer, and it is understood from those who are familiar with the conditions that all classes of game, particularly deer, are on the increase. Unfortunately, however, with all its summer feeding grounds and breeding places, the park has practically no winter feeding grounds, due to the high altitude of all of the areas inclosed by the park boundaries. The result is that much of the good work of protection within the park goes for naught when in the fall the deer drift down to the lower altitudes outside of the park boundaries, where they fall prey to hunters who await their coming not far from the park boundaries. A possible solution of this problem would be the creation of a neutral zone of 5 or 6 miles in width along the southern and western boundaries of the park in which hunting would be prohibited at all seasons of the year. Such a zone would open up winter pastures at low altitudes and would do much for the protection and increase of game life within and adjacent to the park. FIREARMS. Approximately 1,500 firearms of various sorts and calibers have been senled or taken up during the year. At present firearms carried by through automobile passengers ure sealed and the owners are permitted to retain possession. In such cases the number of guns sealed is stated on the permit and the seals are broken by the ranger at the point of exit. Those brought into the park by people on foot or horseback are taken up and turned in to the supervisor’s office, whence they are shipped to the owner at the latter’s risk. This method of handling firearms has proven very satisfactory. There shouid, however, be incorporated in the firearms regulations a clause stating, in effect, that im cases where arms once sealed are later found with seals broken, or in cases where arms are brought into the park unsealed in direct violation of the regulations, or in cases where there is any attempt to evade the regulations by denial of possession er concealment, said arms shall be promptly confiscated and the party shall forfeit all claim thereto. J RECOMMENDATIONS. To meet the demand for new circuits next year, a new switchboard will have to be installed. It is urgently recommended that these lines be replaced by metallic circuits of No. 9 wire, and of uniform construction. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. | AT } SEQUOIA AND GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARKS. Watter Fry, Supervisor, Three Rivers, Cal. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Sequoia National Park, set aside by act of September 25, 1890 (26 Stat., 478), and act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stat., 650), is located in Tulare County, Cal. It has an area of 161,597 acres and ranges in altitude from 1,100 feet to 11,900 feet. The General Grant National Park, set aside by act.of October 1, 1890 (26 Stat., 650), is located one-half in Tulare County and one-half in Fresno County, Cal. It has an area of 2,536 acres and ranges in altitude from 5.250 feet to 7,631 feet. The Sequoia National Park derives its name and much of its interest from the presence of many large groves of “big trees” (Sequoia washingtoniana), and the General Grant National Park was thus -named by reason of the ‘“‘ General Grant tree,” so widely known for its size and beauty. Both of these parks are situated on the western slope of the > ' Sierra Nevada and contain some of the most rugged alpine scenery to be ] found on the continent. The magnificent forests within their borders can not be considered their only striking feature. There is much to be seen that is unique among the marvels of nature. The combination of rivers and lakes with forest-covered mountains and here and there snow-capped summits reach- ing far above timber line may well hold the traveler spellbound, for in but few countries in the world may be seen its equal. Hidden in the fastness of their towering mountains are found many wonderful and awe-inspiring scenes, many of them equaling in grandeur and impressiveness those found in the world-renowned Alps which for years have attracted the gaze of multitudes. . GENERAL CONDITIONS. The rainfall and snowfall during the winter of 1915-16 were far above the normal, resulting in much damage to roads and trails and delay in traffic through high altitudes. Owing to deep snow and high waters in the higher elevations traffic above the 7,500-foot level was not accomplished until July 1. Repair and improvement work was commenced on roads, trails, and telephone lines on April 15 and completed by June 380. The parks were opened for . accommodation of the public on May 25, at which time all park concessionaires began active operations. There are hotels, stores, feedwyards, post offices, tele- phone stations, and photograph galleries in each of the parks, and physician and surgeon in the Sequoia Park. Regular automobile transportation service is operated between Lemon Cove Railroad Station. and Giant Forest in the Sequoia Park and between Sanger and General Grant Park. The distance from Lemon Cove to Giant Forest is 40 miles and from Sanger to General Grant ° Park 46 miles. REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS. A new road 3,900 feet in length has been built to take the place of that portion of the Mineral King Road at Lookout Point just inside the western boundary of the park, thus doing away with that portion of the old road which was too steep of grade to admit traffic feasible thereover. The new road is of easy grade and good width. Twenty-seven miles of the Giant Forest Road. were graded and right of way cleared of fallen timber, rocks, and landslides. Sixty-seven miles of the Alta, Seven-Mile Hill, Black Oak, Colony Mill, Hos- pital, and Middle Fork Trails have been improved by their being widened from 3 feet to 5 feet and the building of retaining walls on their lower side along the steep mountain sides, thus insuring more safety to travel. Fifty-four miles of the South Fork Trail and intersecting trails have been repaired and are in good condition. The old Marble Fork Bridge that collapsed during winter storms has been repaired. General Grant Park.—Three and one-half miles of the Stephens Grade Road “were widened from 10 feet to 16 feet. Four and one-half miles of the North Park and Millwood Roads were graded and five additional passing points for _yehicles constructed. 48 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. GUARDING THE PARKS. The supervisor is assisted throughout the year by three permanent park rangers and during the summer months by eight additional park rangers in the Sequoia Park, and by one permanent park ranger, and during the summer months by one additional park ranger in the General Grant Park. Regular and 4 . : constant patrols are made by these men in all parts of the reservations. Four of the above temporary park rangers were detailed to various road and trail entrances to the Sequoia Park, whose principal duties were the issuing of auto- mobile permits, checking of traffic, taking up of firearms, and the issuing of instructions to and the registration of park visitors. PARIX VISITORS. Visiters throughout the season showed a gratifying disposition to observe the park rules and regulations, and they seemed to enjoy the parks thoroughly. More persons visited the parks this season than during any previous year. Between March 1 and September 30 there were 10,780 visitors to Sequoia Park, of whom 5,019 remained for a period of three days or more, and 5,668 were transieut tourists. Travel to Sequoia Park by different entrances. Giant: Worest Roadi2s2 es ee ee eee 4, 808 Mineral King. Road = 222222 2a eee ss ee 1, 653 BK Path: Road) 2. 2 is ee Le Be al, asi South Fork Tr “ail ao ys BE Oe Bea a Bees A ee 442 Quinn-Little Kern,"Praile 22 te ee ee ae ee ee 443 ESTES TRE yee TU ey ss ee a EE a 535 Black. Oalk: Trails <2 eee ake eae Se 350 Halstead Meadow Trail__-___-_ a fs Ee 423 IB ovo nad Dh ee (Eieryo) SA bia eee aL Seven-Mile: BU Pray s sos i oe a Tee Bey) Total i a 2 A a AT CN 10, 780 Means of transportation to Sequoia Park. Sequoia National Park Transportation Co., automobile stage______.____ 293 Automobile. 22 22S a Rs CS TIVO TOM CY: Cl yee ee eerie ep as Ao BO le ea aaa nie Nt! 6 3 /paleaa op esate ee apace Be Se 2, 846 Mounted: on: horses 202 So Se ee ee aheo eo, One A FOO bs 2 AC eh 22 Ee 399 Totals 2 2S ee an Se 10, 780 Residence of visitors to Sequoia National Park. United States: United States—Continued. IAT ZO MES a ei si eae ee 6 OKahomay22222a as 12 PAWS saps Seosn ater: 2 aaah Uae 8 TEMAS 2.20 2 5 ee 7 California aie iee ee ees 10, 521 Washinston] 22a eae 21 Coloradoms ais aes i iL WiAScOnSIN) 2 us ieee 6 Wonnecticuit= 2s) eee 14 = District of Columbia_____ 12 Total i _ + =e aoa 10, 755 GORD REE iS 7 EO ileal 9 Dayal ile sce oan ee 2 Foreign countries: SINT GG Soa eS iene ee sl 2 Australia: 20 eee 6 DAO Sica ces Ni ogee neg le Sen ee. re @hinay 0 See ee eee 8 RAT Sa Sy SOs cee ye 14 England 2 ea ees 5 Michi came Sc aes pee des al ll Prance: 2 Ue eee eee 2 IVINS SOUT Re See a eae ee 14 Japan 0) ees ee eae 4 SNE) Ov Ree IS kata a eat A Lae) 10 See INOW ie WOT i ee iLike ie aaa 18 Total 2 eee 25 OO! BN GAC ONES eae 1, = Soa Oresome ny aise ae ENE 19 Grand total__--__---___- 10, 780 Between May 1 and September 30 there were 15,360 visitors to General Grant Park, of whom 6,298 remained for a period of three inns or more, and 8,928 were transient tourists. *A'N‘*O9"9ONS S3LVOd°1"°7 eee ueectse = if oso or Idureooss0}f\,-—~<_ wand “uyquy 7 THA MOE seoe A uosinedae 11V4L sn019 7% ChE Ks plasays “aA, > 9S0N sugwoH WZ (‘gp osed oovy O7,) “91T— 66899 090811 ‘Raawng 1092601029 's‘Q fiq SLOT 1DUOUIDN JUDY [DLaUaH puw vronbag fo dopy en2zv.ujszuwupy fo yaayg o2jdvubodoy, wa7fpr s v € z t Oke &) “__=aHa2a=I™—— SSS] S31IN 40 a1v9S VINYOAITVO SMaVd TVYNOILVN INVaS TVYANAD GNV VIONOAS THL fo dVW HINO THAVUL 000611 | ‘00 TUVINL ‘00 ONSGUA Wor t yozt dnt "Wd oyouRBA $80 0t aui0g xy “HA ABLE leujuaS TR ee2te me xujyds oulse 08 SIT o1r96 Se TW 1124s “As ayy 190244 “ Cal Gel tata tai rs Zys8 a noyoo NOANYO UGE YIAIY SONIY O. VA 8z9Z Ad Seen Si or my nai ,0F 298 7 10881 ymanent park oyDT Meas BER, = @ ovezr SS eyDy uoryT E> 199 zt WEA OPIAG, Sidi. eaiovi9 3 oe °F1y YyovsUuny ano4g anosy e249 jasanbg Lan eng 1 Q gee ~Canyo xaos 2, Won Imoquebns / £992 swog aa CORNEAS i= peiposng x paee aodiy sig YounY TW ost6 Stavuv? -_—- iy Vox, Sx00Y 0/3825 =A 2 2 SSE Se Eta A See proudous a | 6IL9 se 4O0Y O40 £Z0S IW snjorg A anoi9 AVP” 4an]Yyaaunand ~ ew” > Ce eg WE wy ) 30Dq)y 9) oy =I a cy mato Zz a Z Ve q Nag ain voz It “Md oyounjeA 2z16 Wuds oul lea a S80 OT IW owed ake "00 auUvVINL "09 onsaua \_/ ‘pooja i) 5 & i=} o i-\ ewog leuljyuas7, NOANYO USAIN SONIN O14 8 PREC BE00T me “Yd 0117091 oe @ PT nuwp S “5 \ ors ge | “WW HNEYS eyD7 2200244 t CORTES SS os Sy 5— Sol ses = a) Se Se) oe =(iSu wel Aree Ae SO) H PLS Oo gy he T ny Ma Vous Soe ntee SCA oo net S =s7,5 —™ &O sf SP A / 09.811 ks thoroughly, to observe the previous year, equoia Park, S nd a ,G65 were oe eee SeoVR wans Rice: ae roewe c } t- ! ; oe T Ede ; M euisad (ice SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 49 Travel to General Grant National Park by different entrances. Teese IROAG 2.2. \Squaw Camp > (2) Ay “pg vo) any \

said animals, d antelope has is particularly ‘Josure is about 4,000 acres. retail deer, that 1 small numbers t of the hunting mits for trans- yath. » come horseback brands. F road. nt floor. ve. 1d April 21, 1904 ‘own of Sulphur, ir Springs Reser- 1e 29, 1906, was irregular form @ ast along Traver- — 1 the Travertine ¢hree nonmineral t 1 96°58! LIMITS | “TOWN LIMITS | SULPHUR BM929 S | Cliff Bromide? | = Spring. ex SE SANTA FE R.R. STATION fay d ey FRISCO RR SSS oz = Black Sulphur Spring STATION Y—=——= TREE NORTH rae MAG. NORTH ne en et en > a rin RAST ATHAS eens ot X li ‘ i . 1 4 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 65 VISITORS. The summer months constitute the season for visitors to this park, although the climate is such as to make it an admirable resort the year around. There are very few days during the summer when a cool breeze is not stirring, and the winter months are as a rule very mild, while the spring and fall seasons are the most delightful and beautiful of the entire year. During the present summer of 1916 there have been more visitors here than for a number of years past, and I estimate that during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, there were at least 30,000 visitors to the park. There were registered in the park office during the fiscal year 547 persons who came into the park and camped for three days or more. As shown by the records of the watchman at the Bromide Spring, the visitors there during the year just ended numbered 100,337. This total is made up from day to day of visitors and resident citizens who make frequent trips to the springs, and does not represent as many individuals. There were 154 orders issued during the year from this office, on physician’s prescriptions, for the shipment of the Bromide Spring and Medicine Spring waters in 5-gallon quantities to persons outside of the city. These shipments were made to points in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, and Nebraska. A total of 7,529 gallons of Bromide Spring water was shipped and 2,205 gallons of Medicine Spring water. During the year a total of 58,090 gallons of these waters (including the water shipped) were taken from the springs. Out of this.total 42,762 gallons were from Bromide Spring and 15,328 gallons from Medicine Spring. This record shows an increased demand. for these waters over the records of last year, and only five days of the record for January, 1916, is included in these figures for the reason that the flood of January 21, 1916, washed the keeper’s records down the stream, and both of these springs were out of commission from that date until the morning of January 26. . During a part of the season for visitors no orders were issued for the shipment of these waters for the reason that the supply was not equal to the demand made upon it by visitors here. FLOOD. Between 12‘o’clock (midnight) and 1 o’clock a. m. of January 21, 1916, the greatest overflow of Travertine and Rock Creeks ever known to the oldest citi- zen of this community completely devastated that part of the park which lies along the banks of these streams. This necessarily greatly damaged the Trav- ertine Road, which follows the meanders of the Travertine Creek, and the new Bromide Road, which runs along the banks of Rock Creek. It also completely destroyed the Bromide Bridge and damaged the Washington and Lincoln Bridges. The high waters alse destroyed 6,500 feet of fencing which had just been completed and damaged about 2,000 feet of other fencing. At the Bromide Spring, where the water rose about 9 feet higher than ever recorded, the Bro- mide pavilion was practically destroyed, and the residence of the keeper was torn from its foundation and washed down the stream, lodging between two large oaks, which wrenched and tore the house until it was utterly unfit to attempt further repairs. Other minor damage occurred, and débris from the town was brought d8wr the streams and lodged in the tree tops and along the creek banks in quantities. This consisted of old quilts, wearing apparel, broken trunks, matting, parts of houses, old trees;-and tons of hay hung from the tree tops like moss. The damages done by this flood have been the cause of a great deal of incon- ‘venience in the administration of this park during the present season, especially because of the fact that there are a greater number of visitors here this year than at any previous season for the past eight years, and the absence of the Bromide Bridge and the lack of conveniences at the spring during the con- struction of the new pavilion have been great handicaps at this location. Appropriation for repairs to storm damages.—The deficiency act of March 31, 1916, carried an appropriation of $10,000 for repairs to bridges, roads, buildings, ete., in this park necessitated by damages resulting from storm of January 21, 1916. ROADS. Allotments were made from the regular annual appropriation of $1,099.97 for repairs and maintenance of park roads, and with these allotments all the roads in the park were kept in good repair, and a new road leading south to Wilson 66 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Spring from its intersection with Buckhorn Road was graded to a 5-inch crown and graveled with the park native gravel. This road is 1,750 feet in length and extends to the southwest boundary of the park. One large culvert near the Wilson Spring was constructed. The Bromide Lane has been graded and constant attention given to the proper maintenance of the Buckhorn and Travertine Roads and to the new road leading to the Bromide along the bank of Rock Creek. Repairs were also made to the “ Y” road which leads up from Travertine Creek into the town of Sulphur, and the Sulphur-Bromide Lane has been repaired and grayveled and all of the creek fords repaired. ; After the flood of January 21, 1916, it was necessary to completely rebuild a part of the new road to Bromide Spring along Rock Creek and to make exten- sive repairs to the remainder of this road. The same was true of the Traver- tine Road, although the damages to this road were not so great. In all, 1,400 linear feet of road were rebuilt in the park and 6,800 feet repaired. The road repaired consisted of parts of the new Bromide and the Travertine Roads, the Buckhorn and Wilson Roads, and the Bromide and Sulphur-Bromide Lanes. TRAILS. The flood completely washed out a short trail leading from Lincoln Bridge to the entrance to the park at the foot of Fourth Street west, and this trail was completely rebuilt and regraveled. It also washed out a great part of the Cliff- side Trail, which had to be regraveled for a distance of 900 feet and new bridges put in across ravines. These small footbridges were made of lumber. BRIDGES. The northeast wing wall -of the Washington Bridge was replaced. It was built of rock and cement, 32 feet long by 8 feet high and 30 inches thick. The northeast and northwest wings of the Lincoln Bridge were replaced and rip- rapped, and the graveled floor to the bridge, which had been washed out at the north end, was filled in with new gravel. These damages were the result of the flood, and repairs were made from the deficiency appropriation. Under date of June 26, 1916, formal contract was entered into between the department and the Illinois Steel Bridge Co., of Jacksonville, Ill., for the con- struction of a steel-truss bridge, including concrete piers and abutments, super- structure, flooring, electric-lighting fixtures, and all appurtenances, for the total sum of $4,353. This bridge is to replace the wire suspension bridge at the Bromide Springs, which was destroyed by the flood, and its dimensions, as indi- cated by the plans, are to be 120 feet in length by 10 feet in width, outside measurements. Thirty-six new benches were built to replace benches which had been washed down the stream in the flood of January 21, 1916, and these were placed at . various points. A few of the benches which were washed away were returned to the park by farmers who reside down the stream below the park. During the present summer one of the most popular amusements which the visitors have indulged in has been swimming in Travertine Creek in several deep pools below various falls. RECOMMENDATIONS. The following recommendations for maintenance and improvement of this park are submitted for the fiscal year which will end June 30, 1918: There are now about 7 miles of roads in the park, and these require con- stant repairs to keep them in good shape. The trails are in the same elass, and it is frequently necessary to mend them and to repair small bridges and culverts along these and the roads. The Beach Springs (three in number), located just north of the Coney Island Ford, are submerged with every flood stage of Rock Creek. The waters of these springs are preferred by many visitors to the park, and they should be improved and a pavilion erected over them. The proposed improvements at these springs consist of a large inverted funnel-shaped inclosure, confining the three springs so as to make a combined flow of the three springs from one out- let, the funnel to be constructed of galvanized iron, over which a cement cover- ing should be laid, the approximate measurement of the inclosure to be 600 feet. Surrounding this inclosure to the springs proper should be built a SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 67 square inclosure to prevent overflow of these springs by the creek. This second inclosure should be about 6 feet high at the creek edge and should bed back into the hill, the depth of the side walls gradually decreasing as the hill rises, but the top of the wall remaining level with the wall along the creek edge, the approximate measurement of this entire wall being 540 square feet. On the bottom of the outer inclosure should be laid a cement floor, rising with the hill in a succession of 4-foot steps with 6-inch risers, the approximate surface feet of this floor measuring about 720 feet. On the top of the outer inclosure to this group of springs, supported by conglomerate columns, should be erected a pavilion, size 24 feet by 30 feet by 9 feet, with pagoda roof with a small dog house on the top, supporting a flag- pole. The probable cost of labor on this entire improvement, including the ‘pavilion, would be about $410, with a total cost of $1,000. The most popular swimming pool, ‘Sylvan Cove,” at a location near the Panther Falls, is a naturally deep hole, but there are large, sharp rocks in the bottom which should be removed in order to make it an ideal place for swimming, and if a cement dam could be built just below this pool and a slight excavation made at the lower end where the water is shallow, it would increase the size of the pool to about 20 by 300 feet by 2 to 6 feet deep. The upper end of this pool is a natural ledge of travertine rock which forms a beautiful waterfall, and just above this fall is a more shallow pool which could be used by inexperienced swimmers and children. This location is the most accessible on the creek to visitors who are lodging in the city of Sulphur, or who are camped in the park camping grounds, by reason of its nearness; and during the present summer there have been but few hours during each day when this pool has not been filled with people to its capacity. Further up the creek at Bear Falls and just above Cold Springs are other pools which have been used extensively, but at both of these places there are cold-water springs coming up in the bed of the creek, which makes the water too cold except for experienced swimmers. It is estimated that the cost of the entire work of building the dam below “ Sylvan Cove” at the downstream end of the pool, removing the sharp rocks, and making the necessary excavations in the pool will not exceed $250—the dam to be 6 feet deep, 4 feet thick, by 20 feet in length. The probable cost of the labor in building the dam and doing the other work necessary would be about $120, while the cement and other material would likely cost as much as $130. Around the East and West Central Parks, and around the park at Bromide Springs, there should be constructed a 2-rail iron fence of 13-inch pipe with 2- inch posts set in cement, with ornamental conglomerate rock gate posts at the entrances—the whole cost not to exceed $1,500. This character of fencing around these parks is desirable for the reason that these parks are near the city of Sulphur and are much frequented by visitors to the park, and the old: method of fencing with wire fencing, especially for these-portions of this park, is not in keeping with what might be expected of a national park. Without fences of some kind around these parks, it is impossible to keep campers from stopping over night in them, or for a noon meal, and leaving them littered up. SULLYS HILL PARK. CHARLES M. ZrepacH, Acting Supervisor, Fort Totten, N. Dak. GENERAL STATEMENT. This reservation, set aside by Executive proclamation dated June 2, 1904, under the act approved April 27, 1904 (33 Stat., 319), contains about 780 acres. It is located on the south shore of Devils Lake, N. Dak., having about 2 miles of shore line, with its western boundary 1 mile east of the Fort Totten Indian School. Inasmuch as no appropriation has been made for the care and protection of this reservation, Mr. Charles M. Ziebach, in charge of the Indian industrial school (Fort Totten), has been continued as acting super- visor, and required to exercise the necessary supervision and control over the park until appropriation is made therefor by Congress. There are two ways in which the public may reach the park—by wagon road around the south shore of Devils Lake and into the eastern or western side of the park, or by launch across Devils Lake, to the north side of the park. 68 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. | : MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK. THOMAS RICKNER, Supervisor, Mancos, Colo. GENERAL STATEMENT. The park was established by the act of June 29, 1906 (34 Stat., 616). It is situated in the extreme southwestern portion of Colorado, in Montezuma County, and embraces an area of 66.2 square miles, or 42,376 acres, but by the act of Congress approved June 30, 1918, the boundaries of the park were so changed as to include an aggregate area of 76.51 square miles, or 48,966.4 acres. The park is under the direct control of the Secretary of the Interior, who is empowered by law to prescribe rules and regulations for its government. CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. Mesa Verde is a high table-land dividing the Mancos and Montezuma Valleys. This mesa is elevated above the valleys some 2,000 feet, and rises abruptly from their floors, with precipitous sides, like the walls of a canyon. The northern extremity of this great mesa terminates in Point Lookout, which juts out between the two valleys, a landmark for miles in all directions. The surface of this table-land is broken by innumerable canyons, which start from the very edge of the mesa on the northern and western sides, and, growing deeper and more rugged as they descend, finally open out into the Mancos Canyon. These canyons have many great caverns in their side walls, with the overhanging rock for roofs, and in these caverns are found the ruins of the cliff dwellings. The principal ruins are found in Navajo, Cliff, Soda, Long, and Rock Canyons, though there are hundreds of lesser ruins in all the canyons in the park. Spruce Tree House is in Spruce Canyon, a branch of Navajo; Cliff Palace is in Oliff Canyon; Balcony House is in Soda; Peabody House and Inaccessible are in Navajo; Long House is in Rock Canyon; and a recently discovered ruin is in Long. These ruined houses, or villages, are found in the recesses of the eanyon walls and, protected from the weather, are remarkably well preserved. Some of them are small, with only a few rooms, while others are large and must have accommodated a large population. The ruins found on the mesas, without the protection of the overhanging cliffs, have not withstood the ravages of time and are now but mounds of stone and earth. } Park Point, near the northern boundary of the park, is the highest point, with an altitude of 8,574 feet. At a point in Long Canyon, just below the ruin known as Spring House, has recently been brought to notice a natural bridge, spanning the small gulch that runs down ‘from under Spring House. The bridge is some 90 feet in span, and about 25 feet high to the bottom of the arch. To reach this natural bridge one has to go over a rough country and do a good deal of climbing, but the _ bridge is there and is proving to be of much interest to tourists. CUSTODIANSHIP. The custody of the park is delegated by the Secretary of the Interior to a supervisor, whose office is maintained at Mancos, Colo., the nearest railroad’ point to the park. The supervisor is assisted by a limited number of rangers, whose duty it is to act as guides through the ruins and to police the park. The best of order has been maintained within the park, and the ruins have been protected from vandalism; in fact, no attempts have been made to evade the rules and regulations, STOCK. It has been the custom for the department to lease the grazing lands to owners of patented lands within the park, and at present there are three leases or permits for the grazing of 1,335 head of cattle. ‘The lessees are required to assist in maintaining order and to guard against fires within the park. ROADS AND TRAILS. All the roads in the park have been worked and kept in shape for automobile travel. The road under Point Lookout has given rather more trouble than usual owing to heavy rains. These wash down earth and stone and often great bowlders that greatly damage the roadbed and require the use of giant rtez | [.-. B M 6200 / oh ee vile hve cl) is \ ! j aS ; vee: H on; » ESSE He a ea) eee, or FO | ils } Pulpit Rock \ j Ke ch } a} Bee wre Sven WI le j ey em la 87 a2 S ! (S le QS by \Z o). i LU is \ \E\e | | \ SN LesOy cary syehoay cujedl § THN Fe \ < _ ha | eee | \ Teta : . ees dae fa 9 ha } ( Ss SEF ‘2 \ een ag. Nieteenud & \ : eh SN eas : by oe ¢ \, qd * eo % ‘ \ we) a \ Horse ‘\ 144 Vas MGT lost ‘Springs *. \ Saag {° <.,Pictograph Pt. \. By a \ 5 “ky, : =a een “sai + ee a “Ly \s 2 ae \ \% Sa Ma Al copie \ So ae) AA oan a ye \ sits: TERS, ) Les wll Za SS, 1) Bb = FUN uieani | | E NY Vey p aed } c [ . ’ \ Re fi Re | Oe ines one ( & 2O 9 | ey ue Yo EN ES Xe ie} ¢ Sn, aN. VS Sos NE oN H 30 mate Jb Be. 2\ | age Nez, of ‘2 eae Ye ve \ \ / So RE ae : Le, Bs AT \ NZS N Se “2 X= \ = si] \ hed: EA DENVA—-& -—'RID 1 GRAND, 7~—Mancos BM 7033 MAP SHOWING DISTANCES BETWEEN POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG AUTOMOBILE ROAD MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK ie eo NL Glenwood Sprs. KH ENVER ' Ze : VER 74 XColorado Sprs-| | pee , D ani MESA veroet = NATIONAL PARK? 7 RAILROAD LINES LEADING TO MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK TRAVEL-GUIDE MAP OF THE MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK MONTEZUMA COUNTY, COLORADO SCALE OF MILES £ —4 4g 0 1 2 After Topographic Sheet of Administrative Map of Mesa Verde National Park by U.S. Geological Survey 1916 eo LEGEND b Cliff Dwellings o Pueblo Type L.L. POATES CO., N.Y. 108° 20’ i jy J 65399—16. (To face page 68.) 20 i Libs co t., 616). It is ezuma County, by the act of ere So changed acres. . Interior, who overnment. rezuma Valleys, ; abruptly from The northern which juts out s. The surface t from the very ‘ing deeper and Canyon. These verhanging rock dwellings. The Rock Canyons, 1s in the park, iff Palace is in Inaccessible are scovered ruin is recesses of the well preserved. > Jarge and must > mesas, without ravages of time 1e highest point, pring House, has the small gulch » 90 feet in span, is natural bridge ‘limbing, but the the Interior to 4 nearest railroad’ umber of rangers, - 34 the nark. EES : i 108°30/ 1 jCortez | -—--!B M 6200 ; { ° B) Ps VS a ! ) i } Pulpit Rock \ 5 y mnae( ise ie (New ust \ ) . X ) ) \a je } GR Wey, | & Go Te \ BY poe \ 8) fy \ geen SSH Sl eerie AT Nt ~~ (e “s,2,Pictograph Pte Bi SS oe IO A on ay a \ Y % i \= 5s Nae \e % ™ ees he OS r et yf - Ver ) c tA ey \ j ( meme ( Si ey yon Se ke SS k Springs \.\ \ Voy July House Sting House xa gly Se ’ NS aa / jattleship Rock ) il Government Morfiela Welt Lower Well o 7 4 o\/ Ya at telephone Porsons approaching Point Grade in ‘aither rection a box and call Mancos, to bo th of vehicles, as they cann tho grade without danger. aS \y Waters ¢ (Waterq Wel Baye Yi) ek A ai Sirag af iia call Wl # snok ww oltake neg enim tment SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 69 ' powder to remove them. The roads from Spruce Tree Camp to the various ruins have been very much improved and now take place with the good roads of the park. : WATER SUPPLY. The water supply varies very little from year to year, as most of the water in the park is derived from springs and wells. The spring at Spruce Tree House holds out at all times and has thus far furnished all the water required, though with building and the increased number of tourists the demand has been much greater than usual. TRAVEL. From July 1, 1915, to July 1, 1916, the number of tourists registering at Spruce Tree Camp was 1,170, almost double the number of those of the year before. The opening of the road from Denver to this section has brought Many automobile parties from the Hast, and as the road, which now is new and rough, becomes better a great many parties from eastern points will make this trip. The scenery through which the road runs is the finest in the State, and the ride through Mesa Verde Park is unequaled. RUINS. During the summer of 1915 Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, of Washington, uncovered a ruin on the mesa between two branches of Cliff Canyon, 3 miles from Spruce Tree Camp, and heretofore known as Fewkes Mound. He found a type of building new to this park and one show- ing advanced ideas in building. The ruin is now one of the most interesting to strangers in the park, ‘and during the fiscal year 1917 Dr. Fewkes will uncover another mound near Mummy Lake. Dr. Fewkes’s report on his last year’s work, “ Excavation and Repair of Sun Temple,” may now be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., for 15 cents. GAME. Game is increasing with every ‘year, and there are many deer now making their home in the park for the entire year. Mountain lions, too, are on the increase, and several pairs are known to live within or near the park. These animals should be killed off, for they keep the deer from increasing as they would otherwise do. AUTOMOBILES. Automobiles are now the most employed, though the horse still makes the trip, and some parties still go in on horseback, following the more romantic trails instead of the road. MINES. George S. Todd operates the only mine in operation on Mesa Verde, but his workings have been, for the entire year, on the land of the Southern Ute Indians. LANDS. There are 720 acres of patented lands within the park, and these lands should be acquired by the Government at as early a date as possible, especially the four claims that lie on the mesa, in the heart of the park—the two Prater claims, the Armstrong claim, and the Waters claim. RECOMMENDATIONS. The department can not be too strongly urged to authorize the construction of a new road ascending the mesa. The present road is cut out of a smooth hill of shale with overhanging rocks, and every rain, even a shower, brings down into the road dirt and rock, making it a constant expense to keep the road in good condition, and, above all, is at all times dangerous. At times great rocks come down into the road and carry away the roadbed or aré left to be removed by blasting. Thus far no traveler has been caught on the hill in time of danger, but it is always possible. The proposed road would ascend the mesa on the other side of Point Lookout, traversing a country on which is 70 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. a heavy growth of scrub oak, pinyon, and juniper, with no overhanging rocks to endanger the traveler. The view is equally as fine as on the other side, and the distance is no greater. . GLACIER NATIONAL PARK. S. F. Ratsron, Supervisor, Belton, Mont. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Glacier National Park was established by the act of Congress approved May 11, 1910 (86 Stat. L., 854), and is located in northwestern Montana. It embraces over 1,400 square miles of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent terri- tory, extending north from the main line of the Great Northern Railway to the Canadian border. The eastern boundary is the Blackfeet Indian Reserva- tion, and the western boundary is formed by the Flathead River. The park, which is irregular in shape, has an area of approximately 915,000 acres. Its greatest length in a northwesterly-southeasterly direction is about 60 miles with a maximum width approaching 40 miles. Within its borders are attractions for the scientist, nature lover, and tourist unsurpassed in any country in the world, tourists of world-wide experience pronouncing it the Switzerland of America. The elevations in the: park range from 3,100 feet to over 10,400 feet.. The central portion of the area on the northwestern-southeastern axis is high and rugged and in sharp comparison with the open plains of the east and the valley of the Flathead River on the west. Within its confines are 60 active glaciers, these ice sheets being the sources of beautiful cascades and roaring mountain streams flowing into in- numerable clear placid lakes for which the park is famed, the most noted of these being Lake McDonald, Lake St. Mary, Lake Ellen Wilson, Iceberg Lake, Red Hagle Lake, Kintla Lake, Bowman Lake, Waterton Lake, Logging Lake, Quartz Lake, Harrison Lake, and Two Medicine Lake. Lake McDonald, the southern end of which is situated 24 miles from Belton, a station on the main line of the Great Northern Railway, is one of the most beautiful lakes in America.- It is about 3,150 feet above sea level, nearly 10 miles long, 2 miles wide, and surrounded by mountains covered with virgin forests of western larch, cedar, white pine, Douglas fir, spruce, and hemlock. Upper Lake St. Mary is on the eastern side of the mountains about 32 miles northwest of Glacier Park station. It is about 10 miles long, with a maximum width of 1 mile, and toward the upper end the mountains rise in rugged walls not far from the water’s edge. Its elevation is about 4,470 feet above sea level. The principal glaciers in the park are Blackfoot, Grinnell, Harrison, Pumpelly, Red Hagle, Sperry, Kintla, Agassiz, Chaney, Rainbow, and Carter. In most of the lakes of the park there is excellent fishing at certain times of the year, and at others many streams afford fine sport with hook and line. | Within the park boundaries there are many varieties of game which are indigenous to this section of the country, such as bear, elk, moose, deer, big- horn sheep, mountain goat, mountain lion, as well as the smaller furred animals, of the forest. VISITORS. From June 1, 1916, to October 1, 1916, there were 12,839 visitors registered at the two main entrances to the park, Glacier Park, and Belton. It is esti- mated conservatively that 1,000 people entered the park at points where there are no stations and failed to register, making a total of 12,889 visitors. sid Visitors by different entrances. Belton, western fentrance________— mi SES 2S 5, 941 Glacier (Park sentra e i225 Noe cI er SE 6, 898 ROADS. There are now approximately 83 miles of road within the park boundaries available for vehicle transportatiecn, and approximately 50 miles outside the boundaries but under park supervision, including the Blackfeet Road from Glacier Park station to the park line, 26 miles; the St. Mary-Babb Road, from near park line at St. Marys through the Blackfeet Indian Reservation to the park line. near camp 5, 16 miles; the Cut Bank Road, which extends from the ~ main automobile highway, or Blackfeet Road, to the park line, 4 miles; and Two Medicine Road, from main automobile highway to park line, 4 miles. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Tek St. Mary-Babb Road.—During the year this road was repaired by removing slides, installing 18 new culverts, and graveling 640 yards. The road has a minimum width of 14 feet and a maximum of 20 feet. Blackfeet Road.—This road was repaired during the season its entire dis- tance. Thirty new culverts were instalted for drainage purposes. The road for a distance of 8 miles was widened to a minimum of 12 feet and a maximum of 16 feet, and for a distance of 6 miles it was widened to a minimum of 10 feet and a maximum of 16 feet. There has been placed upon the road 10,680 yards of gravel. Cut Bank Road.—This road was improved by cleaning out drain ditches, installing two new culverts, and running grader over it to smooth it up. Two Medicine Road.—Two new culverts were installed and the road was dragged. Three hundred and twenty yards of gravel were used for filling in soft spots in the road. Two Medicine Road within park boundary.—Two miles of this road has been rebuilt, cleared through timber to an average width of 35 feet, and graded to an average width of 16 feet. Four miles of the old road was repaired by drag- ging and filling in soft spots with gravel. Many Glacier Highway.—This road was repaired by removing slides, instal- ling 17 new culverts, and spreading 10,668 yards of gravel on the road. Divide Creek Road.—HEleven new culverts were installed, 287 yards of gravel were placed upon the road, drain ditches opened up, slides removed, and 24 miles of the road recrowned. Belion-Lake McDonald Road.—Distance, 3 miles. The road was repaired by removing fallen timber and slides, filling in ruts, and dragging the road to keep it in repair. Fish Creek Road.—Distance, 1.9 miles, This road was cleared of fallen tim- ber, rock and earth slides were removed, and the road was repaired. Flathead River Road.—Distance, 48 miles. Fallen timber was removed from this road from Lake McDonald to the Canadian line. Hight new culverts were installed, and rocks and stumps removed from the road for a distance of 5 miles. Fish Creek-McGee Meadow Road.—Length, 25,080 feet. The right of way of the road was cleared through the timber to an average width of 35 feet, and graded to an average of 14 feet. Lake McDonald Road.—Timber was cut and refuse burned over the right of way for a distance of 8,700 feet, and the stumps removed and burned for a dis- tance of 2,700 feet ; after which work was suspended. TRAILS. All old trails were cleaned of fallen timber and kept in repair during the summer months. The following new trails were built: Grinnell Glacier Trail—Two miles 1,870 feet completed. Cleared to an average width of 10 feet; graded to an average of 4 feet. New Trail from Lake McDonald to Granite Park.—Approximately 7 miles of this trail has been completed, cleared to an average width of 10 feet, and graded to an average width of 34 feet. Bridges across streams and corduroy over wet ground were made 6 feet in width. New Sperry Glacier Trail.—One and one-half miles completed. Graded to an average width of 4 feet. One thousand two hundred feet of trail is through rockwork, balance is sidehill graded over slide rock and shale. Triple Divide Trail.—Between Triple Divide and Red Hagle Lake. Seven and one-half miles cleared of timber to an average width of 10 feet, graded to an average width of 34 feet. Appekunny Basin Trail.—This trail was cleared to an average width of 10 feet, and graded an average width of 34 feet. Snyder Lake Trail—This was built from Crystal Ford to Snyder Lake, a distance of 34 miles. Right of way was cleared to an average width of 10 feet, and graded to an average width of 34 feet. Baring Basin Trail.—FKour miles cleared of timber to an average width of 10 feet, graded to an average width of 3% feet. Little St. Marys Trail—From Glacier Hotel to Little St. Marys Lake, a dis- tance of 7 miles. Trail was cleared to an average width of 8 feet, graded to an average width of 3 feet. BRIDGES. Two Medicine.—A new bridge was built over Two Medicine River to replace old one which was washed out by high water. It is 95 feet long with a roadway 16 feet wide. q2 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. J Divide Creek Bridge——A new bridge was built over Divide Creek to replace the old one washed out by high water. It is 75 feet long with a roadway 16 feet wide. Quartz Creek Bridge.—The old bridge across Quartz Creek was carried away by high water in June and was replaced by a new bridge 78 feet long and 12 feet wide. : Bridges on Fish Creek-McGee Meadow Road.—There were seven bridges built on the Fish Creek-McGee Meadow Road, all 16 feet wide and of the following lengths: Bridge No. 1, 183 feet; No. 2, 165 feet; No. 3, 12.feet; No. 4, 28 feet; No. 5, 50 feet; No. 6, 68 feet; No. 7, 20 feet. FISH. One hundred and forty-two cans of fish were distributed in the lakes and streams of Glacier National Park during the past season. A large supply will be received during the month of October. \ > GAME. Owing to the extreme cold weather and the unusually heavy snowfall during the past winter, there was some loss among the deer in the valley of the Flathead. In other sections of the park deer and all other game wintered in fairly good condition. Deer.—There are both blacktail and whitetail deer in Glacier Park. The latest conservative estimates place their numbers at 11,000. #lk.—Hlk are found over almost all sections of the park, but the largest herds range around Park, Ole, Coal, and Nyack Creeks. A conservative esti- mate places their number at 900. : Moose.—It is estimated that there are 100 moose in the park, most of which are found in the valley of the Flathead River. Sheep and goats.—Bighorn sheep and Rocky Mountain goats are found prin- cipally in the higher altitudes along the main range and along the eastern slope of the Rockies. The country over which they roam is extremely rough, making it very difficult to estimate their numbers, but from the latest and most reliable information available the estimate of the sheep in the park is placed at 1,500 and of the goats 1,200. Bear.—There are three varieties abounding in considerable numbers through- out the park—the grizzly, the brown or cinnamon, and the common black bear. In many instances they become troublesome by going into construction camps and taking camp supplies. : Predatory animals.—There are a few wolves in the park, mostly found east of the main range of the Rockies. Coyotes abound in large numbers through- out the park. They are the principal menace to animal life in the park. During the heavy snows of the past winter they killed a great many deer. Their num- _bers have been depleted to some extent by the regular park ranger force and many -have been killed by settlers in the park. The method of extermination has been principally by the use of strychnine, although some are caught in traps.. There are a few mountain lions in the park, but their number is so small that the damage done by them to the game is very slight. Fur-bearing animals.—Large numbers of mink, lynx, weasel, and martin are found throughout the wooded sections of the park. They are very destructive to bird life. Large numbers of beaver are to be found in almost every stream in the park. Wild fowls and birds.—Grouse of the blue, ruffed, and pin-tailed varieties are found in the park. There are a few ptarmigan along the main range. Many ducks and geese nest around the lakes and along the streams. Many varieties of small birds are found. Game protection—Park rangers have afforded as much protection to the game as was possible over such a large area. There was one arrest during the year for game poaching. The person was taken before the United States com- missioner, where he pleaded guilty, paid his fine, and was discharged. RECOMMENDATIONS. In this report I wish especially to call your attention to the importance of good roads, and in order that they may be dependable, it is necessary that they be surfaced either with native gravel or crushed rock. The unusually wet weather which has prevailed here the past two seasons has made this apparent. The graveling which was done on the Many Glacier Highway during the fall of 1915 and spring of 1916 put this road in first-class condition, and it was | L.L.POATES | reek to replace 1 a roadway 16 iS carried away set long and 79 on. bridges built f the following No. 4, 28 feet; the lakes ang rge supply will snowfall during > yalley of the me wintered in ier Park. The but the largest nservative esti- .most of which are found prin- ng the eastern ‘tremely rough, latest and most park is placed mbers through- non black bear. truction camps stly found east mbers through- -park. During r. Their num- nger force and extermination are caught in * number is so ind martin are ’ destructive to very stream in 111°10/DOMINION OF CANADA UNITND STADES Otnaron ae i ake yea \Y Kintla Glacier oe & Koo}enai Pk, 86 Re BN Wy, 7 2 \ ea: Bowman Lake loan Quartz y » Watert mn (\)) Lake 113°50/ / Middle Nee bad Quarts BE ya \{[fower Qyfarts Lake-— p> Tapper Pk. gs lay Y Grace Lake “e 8 Logging Lake i Lonbfello\ Pk. e500 acs oe jeynolds /Me Donald, Pi Gunvig Ran Rees Western a Entrance TRAVEL-GUIDE MAP OF THE Rock Hill \ ra 4 Threetops Min. Ns Garry Xen ra mer ts rig fs : Gullt, vidgenoquT es woh RAP oid 4s daaht ‘dena Papas = AaiNIG sevwaurngt TIVAA T2URHTRANS awed ah ita ' Sc aeieneinei altel atinaieatabaaaenl Wi" ‘SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 73 absolutely dependable during the entire season. Portions of the St. Mary-Babb and Divide Creek roads were graveled, which has greatly improved them. There are still long stretches on these two roads which should be surfaced with gravel in order to make them dependable in all kinds of weather. The road from Glacier Park station to the park line, known as the Blackfeet Road, was taken over by the department in, June, since which time it has been under the supervision of the park and has been greatly improved by graveling 4 miles of the worst sections of the road, widening and draining it, but much yet remains to be accomplished. A liberal appropriation should be allowed for its mainte- nance and improvement. ‘In recommending the building of the road from the foot to head of Lake MeDonald, I again wish to call your attention to the fact that this road, when built, will be the first link in a road connecting the east and west sides of the park. It matters not which of the various passes the road goes over in crossing the mountains from east to west, the only practicable route in approaching any of the available passes from the west is by way of Lake McDonald. The telephone system of the park deserves careful consideration. The system which is conducted by the hotel company does not in any way connect with the system owned by the Government on the west side of the park. It is very impor- tant that a first-class telephone system be maintained throughout the park. ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK. & R. TROWBRIDGE, Acting Supervisor, Hstes Park, Colo. ; sueceeded by L. C. Way, Chief Ranger in charge, September 19, 1916. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Rocky Mountain National Park was created by the act of January 25, 1915 (Public, 238, Sixty-third Congress). The park is located in northern Colorado and embraces an area 25 miles in length in a northerly and southerly _ direction, with a maximum width of 17 miles, covering in all 3583 square miles. It is accessible for automobiles at four different points, and numerous trails lead to the various places of interest within its boundaries, the most central points of entrance being on the eastern slope from the village of Estes Park, and on the western from the village of Grand Lake. The village of Hstes Park, distant approximately 74 miles from the main entrance to the national park, is 22 miles from Lyons, Colo., 33 miles from Loveland, and 42 miles from Fort Collins, the three nearest railroad points, and is connected by automobile stage lines making scheduled trips. There are also automobile stage lines running direct from Denver, Boulder, and Greeley to Estes Park. This region, under the present schedule of railroads and auto- mobiles, is only four hours distant from Denver. From the village of Estes Park many picturesque roads and trails extend toward the park boundaries, most of them entering the national park. During the winter of 1915-16 the administrative office was located in the Federal Building in Denver, but is now located in the village of Estes Park. If the bill for the proposed extension of the national park becomes a law and the park boundaries are extended to closer proximity to the village of Estes Park, an office and residence for the supervisor should be constructed by the depart- ment within the boundaries of the park. ROADS. Fall River Road—The Fall River Road, which is now under construction by the State of Colorado, extends into the park a distance of approximately 7 miles, and work is now in progress under a contract made by the State highway ecommissicn for the further construction of 2 miles, which the contractor expects to complete in the fall of 1916. According to a survey of this road completed in July, 1916, by surveyors of the Geological Survey, there still remains to be constructed 16.18 miles to a point where the proposed road will join the county road from Grand Lake, in section 13, township 5 north, range 75 west, distant approximately 10 miles from Grand Lake. That part of the road now completed is in fairly good condition for a moun- tain road when the small amount expended for maintenance is taken into eonsideration. The 3 miles of road constructed in 1915 should be dragged and surfaced in many places. During the spring thaws there were a number of “washouts ’ which destroyed stone embankments and the roadbed at different 74 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. points. Under verbal instructions of May 20, 1916, from the Superintendent of National Parks that this was considered a State road until completed and that no park funds were to be expended for maintenance, authority was obtained from the State highway commissioner to employ laborers at the expense of the State to place this road in proper condition for the traffic of 1916. In order to properly maintain this road for travel, two men and a team should be employed during the months of June, July, and August, and I doubt that the State authorities will take this necessary action. That part of the road constructed in 1914, and known as the “ Convict Road,” is entirely too narrow, and in order to prevent accidents should be widened in a great many places. During May and June, 1916, 26 corrugated iron culverts were placed on this section of the road, and gutters opened to connect with them, expense paid oe the park appropriation. Grand Lake The roadway running north foun Grand Lake and which will ecentdalls connect with the present Fall River Road, has not been extended this year, no work having been done by Grand County on this | road since 1915. Road to Sprague’s.—The road to Sprague’s resort on Glacier Creek, entering the park from the Young Men’s Christian Association conference grounds, is now in good condition, considerable work having been done in June, 1916, from the park appropriation. Bear Lake Road——What is now known as the Bear Lake Road, commencing at a point on the Sprague Road in section 1, township 4 north, range 73 west, was reconstructed in July and August for a distance of 1.8 miles to a point in section 12, township 4 north, range 78 west, at the junction of the Bierstadt Lake rail. This road crosses Glacier Creek, over which a bridge was con- structed, and there has been considerable automobile traffic since it was com- pleted in August. At a comparatively small outlay of money this road can be extended to within one-half mile of Bear Lake, and eventually to Loch Vale. This will provide rapid and easy transportation by a new and scenic route for a great number of tourists who would not undergo the hardship of a horseback trip. Copeland Lake Road.—This road enters the park in section 22, township 38 north, range 73 west. a short distance west of Copeland Lake, following for a distance of approximately 14. miles the North St. Vrain Creek. A small amount of work was done on this road this season, making it passable for automobiles. This road should be extended whenever funds are available, and thereby open up a part of the wildest section in the park, commonly known as “ Wild Basin.” Sand Beach Lake Road.—This road enters the park approximately a half mile north of the Copeland Lake Road, and runs parallel to it for a distance of approximately 34 miles to Sand Beach Lake. The greater part of this road is nothing more or ‘less, at this time, than a trail, no work having been done on it for several years. The property owners in the locality of Allens Park desire ' that this road be opened up, and are anxious to contribute their share on that part which lies outside the park boundary. Mill Creek Road.—This road runs parallel to Mill Creek, and extends approxi- mately a half mile into the park to the Mill Creek ranger station. The road is in poor condition, and unless it is made passable for automobiles outside the park, I do not believe it advisable to make any expenditures on that part which is within the boundaries. In entering the park over this road it is necessary to pass over several tracts of private property, Most of the traffic at this point consists of hauling firewood by the inhabitants of Estes Park. Beaver Creek Road.—This road commences at the highest point of the “* High Drive” in Horseshoe Park, and enters the national park in section 19, township 5 north, range 74 west, and extends for a distance of approximately 14 miles, some parts of which pass over private land. It is in fair condition, but unsuit- able for automobiles at the present time. TRAILS. The most interesting and scenic parts of this park can be reached by trail only, the majority of which are in good condition. New trails have been con- structed since the park was created. Commencing June 1, most of the existing trails were cleaned of fallen timber and kept in repair during the summer, — Considerable work was done on Flat Top Trail, extending from Grand Lake to Mill Creek ranger station, a distance of approximately 18 miles. Small bridges and culverts were constructed where necessary and on the summit of 105°50/ 108° 10 Sani piges . q 2 ) S| 5 s, P 3 41872 ax 2 . yi B ee % ameron [A ass N c So , e = ° ay ays 12278) S 10,.—— Mispiga® pw = : Zine ae TR 0, i | 1Z|¢ Lake Agnes Se PARI —- b 20 He 1355 3% Porphyry Peaks 21155 SS Se Apiatan Mtn. 10889 we 2S, é 2 Be S, £0 10 Mt.Richthofen ~~ — 1 &/ 3% Howard Mtn, | 1 © Si Mt.Nimbus 12730 f > Day 4 H 12814 i Carter Lake Arkins nz Flatiron Mtn. £200 Lake Loveland i NuSHLNOS rn) —Fit Lonetree (Lif{ Reservotr S ahu North e c On Kawuned . a Coluytbine Lake? & “te, L.L FOATES CO.,N.Y. OF THE COLORADO SCALE OF MILES 2 3 4 1916 LEGEND 5 105°50’ 65399—16. (To face page 74.) EL-GUIDE MAP VTAIN NATIONAL PARK hic Sheets by U.S.Geological Survey 2u Tene Res. Loveland Bes) Berthoud ‘Highland Lake No.2 Terry £0), 30 McIntosh Lake No Longmont \ + NS 40 SASS. 10 R. & SS AS) pba ener Boundary ral Se LA aE 105°10’ we 9 u é Ls 4 R : ont ; sf P Z Ys ~ . ‘ \ 5 . he Rue i Vs) fi c os . we ‘ ; a = oe ‘ > ' \ < ae os i “ =" 3 “ 4 . Superintendent completed and 105°60/ 105°407 105°30/ ty was obtaineq g Commancho Pk. expense of the ey \ 5% T2716 }. 4 ) J’ ee ay Crystal Min, 1 a team shoulq Vi ‘ a / = Signal Mtn. ‘doubt that the a neh ee, is Pra (Sas is Nie ons (Mummy Pass a 3 4 , . , Convict Road,” | be widened in sd iron culverts Hallett Glacier && MuDickinson UN 0 connect with Lake Agr net SiHagues Ph, 11074 Mt. Richthofen ,* Jy MummyMt) 2953 & < Be cic: a Orystal ane ‘ 13413 Road, has not a! = Ypsilon Mtn 32 | Ds, * > (- MiTileston & County on this Muchiguta go, —Epelon Zake be Narzas 2s oer 19052 . }} oh Creek, entering aS SEMtChapin |S AN S -E="% Tcober dss. Sy Mb napin SC EAN nce grounds, is & a Howard Mtn. [7 saaaiigjelake Sa a ~ (panes nin. eS. une, 1916, from : Se p Pune ie Se 1M G nox (oak The Need! oO AQ Ke NY 12227 RN, . [Re esis Mig \e Sour oe gh omps nd, commencing od, ae fe, S Aa range 73 west, — eo Ke aMiminbes \ ANG es to a point in Was § CS \ 4 a ISN it the Bierstadt & 5 Se) Ne fue WEI 2 SS zy Mt.Olympus ridge was con- 9) Noos—Ge Miles Ye oT e, 7A eee vce it Was com- =" ogy Bowen Min, Julian Lake e e * ¢ NG ae Stones Pk, S02, \\ FP 12928 > o / = . ., 7 7 = Nakai Pk Sprague Glaele 4 5 aA h j : 12221 © & Fern Lake his road can be y to Loch Vale, Meadowdale Ranc enic route for a FG onset ON. 4 of a horseback 20 eZ SN ue Fan as % e 4 essa Lake 22, township 3 (PG a *)) e B c = J Ne, ay TON 1p sy \ Snowdritt Pk. iy gy if ines BPN Gs dy 7 \ 9793 qs, following for a Ses ; aa pon Mi yatta &g I NS A small amount a BY) (2 b=) ae he, Hae ase ° Estes Cone \ for automobiles, gav8ss 2 V2 2a nisomtn, p< aah “ id thereby open 5 fs 10791 Inlet $ ON AS y. wie Me Porehyry Peaks 2 vs f « a Z 5 st ¢ \ he P ady Washingto a \S we imately a half a oot tte ' \ : ee ong ote Pk Sastre zaveia < soUL EARNER co) BEG. G : . > ; Jit. or a distance of FW ae so utenents sChiets meister 7 IN 2 7 2 of this road is € Apiatn Mtn, Agrind Lake Andrews Pk, Pratt seed LY ey 10889 |v been done on it KS saan aN, Coratelvernall MtHorton Lookouts ee er Ss, @ sna att H aac ji ine” He v1682 gp ioras i) SO | emt Bnint 12008 9 Dy, Sandbeayh Dy io Se yrait 1 3 ends oe | & —fagises” < Park a Taylor Min. \ ; Pipyt L. Cy K 3 ‘ z 3 a BE SS tachi Mig? & iles outside the a Ole m bine Mt.Adams —\0lz) “7A (Kinch Lake y y GA $e 12115 12600%\ Pk, yt. Copeland® that part which sp At Acomay : 3 13176, Py it is mecessary 10) -——-—- — - hee i fie at this point 10] 3 aK Hiamovi Min. Qe C eae). highly eit ibe |e Mg ceege 4, 4 an | a ort Cope ~ yr Sa / i “sehin}i AL Meqee, 4 Na ae ha 4 ! #409 «09 Mi arf my ind th rr Ps ony Wee in < ned hole a * id & = ops 428% ; et ae : f Foi tee wy * wa ae eae ae. oA ‘elas i yea ae “% y Wes pick ‘, os rt ng wails o acer NS Zanes Ga ay 5 ‘ lve G0 T 7 tate MD hi mest Ta j sua pa H Wt ease el ee he | ha Sh: * iv Mod ra beh srehecuedtiton: JN RR mga ma, ' gtd ay Ae amin? ; er ul v ‘ee Aad eas ope Ah was gf yeoner me i] prety Pe, ‘ va eS 8 wei ee, Hoasone jorke Mods ty waeae ; a ai . a +t SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 15 Flat Top Mountain, extending about 4 miles, a line of cairns was constructed, numbering 168. These cairns average 5 feet in height, the tips of which are painted white and black in order that they may be distinguished under all con- ditions. CATTLE GRAZING. Under instructions of the department no permits are issued for cattle grazing in the park, but straggling cattle have crossed the boundary on both the eastern and western slopes and caused considerable damage to roads and trails. Only one permit was issued during the year for the transporting of cattle over park lands. VISITORS. There were more visitors in this region than ever before in one season, and during the months of July and August the hotels were filled and for several weeks tourists were turned away owing to the lack of accommodations. The different hostelries are now arranging to enlarge, in order to handle the antici- pated increased patronage next season. The threatened railroad strike in the early part of September prevented a great many from visiting the park and had a tendency to shorten the stay of those that were there; otherwise the tourist business for September would have been as heavy as that of the previous two months. ; It is impossible to report the total number of persons entering the park, but a conservative estimate would place the number of visitors in Hstes Park and vicinity on the eastern slope and Grand Lake on the western slope at 70,000. Over two-thirds of this number entered the national park, or, in round numbers, 51,000. TIMBER CUTTING. = No permits are issued for the cutting of timber, except ‘‘dead and down” timber in different localities, which have been burned over in past years, and on the right of way of the Fall River Road. Timber for firewood is given free to residents of Estes Park and vicinity for their own use with the understanding that they volunteer their services when necessary to suppress forest fires. These permits are issued for timber located in the ‘“‘ Pole Patch,” near Mill Creek ranger station. Residents near Grand Lake are allowed firewood under the same conditions, to be obtained in sec- tion 18, township. 3 north, range 75 west. FOREST FIRES. On October 31, 1915, a large fire occurred in section 14, township 5 north, range 74 west, covering an area of approximately 325 acres, a part of whieh was on private land. The fire originated in a pile of sawdust on the site of a dismantled sawmill. With the assistance of volunteers from the village of Estes Park and vicinity, the fire was suppressed after burning two days. Dur- ing the summer of 1916, owing to the scarcity of rainfall, the park area was exceedingly dry and the danger from fire was extreme, but fortunately none occurred within the park. A number of fires occurred just outside the bound- aries, but proper action was taken to prevent their spreading. During the past year 11 fire-tool boxes, fully equipped, have been installed in different parts of the park. There are at present 18 fire-tool stations—13 on the eastern slope and 5 on the western slope. ' EMPLOYEES. Zz, There are at present employed one chief ranger and four other rangers. Also one temporary clerk-stenographer, whose term of service expires October 15, 1916. GAME. There is no evidence of the slaughter of game during the past year in the park, a strict vigilance having been kept during the winter months for hunters and trappers. Mountain sheep are plentiful and no doubt increasing, and have been seen more frequently by tourists than in former years. It is now possible to approach them quite closely, and one instance is known where an automobile came. within 30 feet of a group which did not disturb them. One ranger re- ports seeing 182 in one group near Specimen Mountain. Firearms are not allowed in the park and a notice to this effect is posted at - all entrances. APPENDIX A. Piel Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various national parks, and eapenditures made therefrom under supervision of the department, during the fiscal years 1906-1916, inclusive. Name of the national park. Hot Springs. Reservation: 1 ee Bae Senebtbaoo cher acon Hee Ad aaD BEM EASoEnosene pido Sequoia: QO TEES he Soe eee eckigee oman Seseine se siete eee TOOT eee ONE ACasieai Mel Reetigy Oe. Hy lath 1 Proceeds from sale of Government lots (lot fund). 2 Expenditure from lot fund. Appropriations. Revenues. . Appro- « Ex- priated. Expended.| Received. pended. 20,165.00 | 19,938.41 28,090.00 | 21,115.56. 34 475. 00 19, 699. 27 28, 401.97 2,935.00 | 2,935.00 | 36,060.00 | 56,375.33 eS GE 1 82,518.00) |e seme { RN as EN ee 35,279.16 | 3,267.96. See, oo ARS 22 2 42, 957. 18 ee Wael Panwa 40,711.00 | 3 29; 438. 25 ae ire iy eS ee 234, 581.57 Sa eee | a am a 41, 287.90'| 412273. 70 ide an OR ee ae 38, 380.00 | 5 36, 658. 62 BC coe AEN | x ath ele 37,877.66 | 36,941.95 ase a reds Pe 37,926.32 | 40,261.14 2,935.00 | 2,935.00 | 429,310, 04 | 370,910. 91 7,500.00 | 7,498.64"; 1,838.96 | 3,647.04 8,000.00 | 7,999.40} 4,699.65 | 4,298.37 68,000.00 | 7,997.44] 4,790.20] 23,661.47 79,500.00 | 1,962.53 | ‘ 8,000.00 | 7,999.71 | 5,110.05] 3,359.80: 8,500.00 | 8,499.96 | 23,420.13 | 7,998.47 8,500.00} 8,500.00 | 16,476.38 | 8, 103.41 8,500.00 | 8,500.00 | 21,980.10} 6,449.97 8/500.00 | 8,500.00 | 15,439.23 | 13,843. 24 8,500.00 | 8,500.00 | 20,307.40 | 12,884.18 8,500.00 | 8,491.41 | 46,628.49 | 26,350.96 8,500.00 |. 2.22... -c2ef. yack tea aes |e 93,500.00 | 84,449.09 | 160,690.59 | 90,526.91 10,000.00 | 9,919.82 159..503|s-ake ane 15,550.00 | 15,333.50 43.15 18.97 15,550.00 | 15,373.96 AGbiela weet Ne 15,550.00 | 15,514.19 191. 78h cae 15,550.00 | 15,543.34. 255.65 31.25 15,550.00 | 15,549.20 305. 16 48. 25: 15,550.00 | 15,549.52 353. 85 70.81 15,550.00 | 15,549.27 |'° 4,094.21 83.94 15,550.00 | 15,549.65 | 1,975.03 | 3,498.23 15,550.00 | 15,549.75 | 5,169.86 | 4, 740.75 22, 300. 00 250, 000. 00 | neers 222, 250,00 | 149,432.20 | 12,524.76 | 8, 492. 20 5,750.00 | 5,705.24 | 9,193.04 | 1,000.00 30,000.00 | 29/508.58 | 14,390.06 | 7,131.37 30;000.00 | 29,969.86 | 15,851.17 | 5,024.84 30,000.00 | 29,983.82 | 21,373.18 | 34,486.09 62,000.00 | 62,000.00 | 35,765.48 | 19,050.39 8 12/000.00 | 9 11, 646.37 50,000.00 | 49,999.68 | 23.855. 77 | 35,970. 68 80,000.00 | 80,000.00 | 19,495.83 | 16, 431.16 3 Includes $1,272.71 expended in making survey and preparation of plans, ete., for sewer system, city of Hot Springs. © 4 Contributed by city of Hot Springs on account sewer system; $14.20 returned to city. 5 Includes 99 cents expended on account of survey sewer system. 6 Administration and protection. 7 Marking unmonumented portions of park boundaries. 8 For purchase of private holdings. 9 Appropriation, without year, for examination of water supply for city of Sa 76 n Francisco. 2) ) 4 § SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAT. PARKS, Par. APPENDIX A—Continued. Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various national parks, and expenditures made therefrom under supervision of the department, during the fiscal years 1906-1916, inclusive—Continued. Appropriations. Revenues. Name of the national park. in ppro- - c x priated. Expended.| Received. pended. 3125, 000.00 |$124, 798.49 | $23,406.14 | $9,903.58 TSE TGY 273 ec Ae me AY = ge ge 100,000.00 | 99. 235.22 | 37.019,20 | 40,699.30 NOI Gee eee cee =ias sas eee ee cmick cu/eaecuiesoucnls's 75,000.00 | 74,992.54 | 49,878.42 | 52,961.53 TOME ase oes oe sce wae ie enaaic cise ade See ooe ou nel ASV USUI) |psecseoscssallasescdaset salle o 5256-8 599, 750.00 | 597,839.80 | 250, 228. 29 222, 658.94 DEDESOOH pA ORS, 45 | v2k02~ 2] Vane 2,000.00} 1,914.76 63.75 ;| os cena P2ACOO GOI is 999193}... |e dee 2,000.00 | 1,999.90 5OL00i(|( ha aes 2,000.00 | 1,999.89 210. 64 18. 88 2,000.00} 1,998.60 173.54 -99 2,000.00 | 1,939 20 158. 68 503.01 2,000.00 | 2,000.00 499 64 1.59 2,000.00 | 2,000.00 560. 89 355.68 2,000.00 | 19,99.36| 1,795.50 481. 46 © (OSTONG IDs seal a JoSeRBAERSEE EME Sy Ce eae neae IED 25 DOS OO) (|S ie ee Ree ee Tees 5 sami EE til a 27,275.00 | 24,173.43 7, 896. 47 4, 276. 34 ‘ SSS —— i SS 1 No appropriation made for Mount Rainier prior to 1907 fiscal year. + Expenditure of revenues of Crater Lake and Mesa Verde Parks for park purposes therein not author- ized by existing statutes enacted by Congress. 65399—16——-6 78 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. APPENDIX A—Continued. Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues receiwed from, the various national parks, and expenditures made therefrom under supervision of the department, during the fiscal years 1906-1916, inclusive—Continued. Appropriations. Revenues. Name of the national park. ‘ GH Appro- z . Ex- priated. Expended.} Received. pended. 7, 082. 25 10, 552. 26 15, 764. 27 é 11, 734. 74 5, 000. 00 4,994. 64 422.75 779. 06 10, 000. 00 9,999. 34 165. 50 219.84 { 8, 006. 00 7,999.95 49.95 100.11 17,500.00 | 210,120.73 | 217,500.00 | 210,119. 06 8, 000. 00 7, 988. 55 282. 81 67. 48 8, 000. 00 8, 000. 00 241.76 178. 87 18, 000. 00 17, 060. 49 301.11 44.35 NOU 7 s)5k ree AE SEO See he pre Sais Ske a ty 8,000) 7 eee a ee eee | 82,500.00 | 66,163.70 | 26,599.38 | 56,624.29 DOO TSS eck is pe eet eect Bee Erte eS 7,500. 00 455.82 UP) dB (0) 9 AR aS eg ek re ge aE ICTR CP SHU Papen en een MnO 7,500. 00 7, 348. 33 |. - LOU Rees Cetin shicee ciaicts oa eee eee aiae Meee ee eee aaa 7,500. 00 7, 443.09 1910-11 (for examination of coal lands in park)......- 2, 000. 00 947.75 TY 2 NT UU os EPI OS Rea tees ee oie a A Ear Raa Ce 20,000.00 | 19, 808.63 DO Da piaitsrete esta na alae hr ee en ht sees eae BS NN ol 7,500. 00 7,351.54 AGI Bee Sas Hees tess on ahha cin < eee emai ses Nebr 15,000.00 | 14,956.91 DU ere £2 aie ne Oe lake os Nebo aed ete ae. epg amet Sate ki eer 10,000.00 | 9,880.30 TO Tae Ne ee Oe ciate oem deme ene ka eree 10,000.00 | 49,786.05 IRS RE ROR Ars Saas A ye ay SLR a ee 10, 090. 00 9,643. 47 DON ee i ean Soe ca cenee cect aut semincunieed apilalonas 10; 000300 Sse eee eeee 107,000.00 | 94,621.89 3, 816293) Pe aeee eee 15,000.00 | 14,998.59 320; 88) pase eee 69,200.00 | 69,117.94 1,490.94 | oo eee : 75,000.00 | 74,568. 24 4,677.14 428. 84 LOT ih a ic Ne 2 Rep AGS cer ee eR AR 100,000.00 | 99,999. 49 4,010. 71 477.07 OTe ae a ED ROSS Coe eR STE ip, BO AO. 6 OE 75,000.00 | 74,994.27; 4,218.51] 9,735.44” AOTG Se ete Ue ater oe tah) oO need ae rae aE 75,000.00 | 74,963.78 | 10,011.76 844.58 DOM occa See cee sacs satis eelewed sc cemacteae a acs eae 110,000.00 | 2. 2.22224). soe eee eee des. 519,200.00 | 418,642.31 | 24,735.94} 11,485.93 PAE ee eas ge ae ae bea Pe AERP BWI ada, 3,000.00} 2,910.80 |--...------- (5) | LO LG SOS a seen aM Ee SU at cy NUE aie 8 8,000.00 | 7,941.56 BOL O8a): sae TOTP ASE ia ho AS Ca Te ame emai APTA 10,,000;00:|.s2e 2200502 | Seas 2 eee 21,000.00 | 10,852.36 501/93) || Seeeeeeeee 3,000.00) |2-0- 2 22-5. -| Sse eee | aerate 1 No appropriation for Platt Park prior to 1911 fiscal year. Land prior to creation of park included in Sulphur Springs Reservation. 2 Construction sanitary sewer, like amount being contributed by the city of Sulphur, Okla.; $7,380.94 retirned to city. 1 2 Expenditure of revenues of Crater Lake and Mesa Verde Parks for park purposes therein not author- ized by existing statutes enacted by Congress. : 48 '2).30 on contract account construction ranger cabin included in this amount and not yet paid. 5 Expenditure of revenues from Rocky Mountain Park not authorized by existing statutes for park purposes therein. — SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. APPENDIX A—Continued. Visitors to national parks, 1909 to 1916. 19 Name of park. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Hot Springs Reservation..... (2) 120,000 | 130,000 | 135,000 | 1135, 000 1125, 000 |1 115,000 | 118,740 Yellowstone National Park..| 32,545 | 19,575 | 23,054 | 22,970] 24,929 ,250 | 51,895 35, 849 Casa Grande Ruin ..........- () (2) 1450 1450 1450 1500 500 1,909 Sequoia National Park...-..--. 854 2,407 3,114 2,923 3, 823 4,667 7, 647 10, 780 Yosemite National Park....- 13,182 | 13,619 | 12,530 | 10,884] 18,735 | 15,145 | 33,452 33,390 General Grant National Park. 798 1,178. 2,160 2, 240 2,756 3,735 | 10,523 15,360 Mount Rainier National Park.| 5,968 8,000} 10,306 8,946 | 13,501 | 15,038] 35,166 23,989 Crater Lake National Park...| 4,171 6,000} 14,500 5, 235 6, 253 7,096 | 11,371 12, 265 Wind Cave National Park...| 3, 216 3, 387 3, 887 3, 199 3, 988 3, 592 2,817 9,000 Platt National Park.......--. 25,000 | 125,000 | 30,000 | 131,000 | 135,000 | 130,000 | 120,000 | 130,000 Sullys Hill National Park.... 190 190 1 200 1 200 300 500 1,000 | 11,500 Mesa Verde National Park... 165 250 206 230 280 502 663 1,385 Giamier National Park. 72 2 enalbeits os eculecccceses 14,000 6,257 | 12,138 | 14,168 | 14,265 12, 839 Rocky Mountain National ; EAR Ree eet occ ae asco |aeres «ee | Same anaes eacadeesa fas cetens|Sosmetesclescseecs 131,000 | 151,000 IBN ES DS Sea a Biccdls .SSoo8saloosetesdollsarnoGosd hescacsoo Se Seee aes Eee arts (2) Lassen Peak..... sade eee ere secnnie Beate nate (eos c een hecemeesaleeemeceleactkceso|sesadews (2) ROMA EY ee |: 32 ares acs. 86,089 | 198,606 | 224,407 | 229,534 | 252,153 | 240,193 | 335,299 | 358,006 1 Estimate. 2 No record kept. Receipts collected from automobiles and motorcycles admitted into the national parks during the-period fron Nov. 17, 1915, to Oct. 10, 1916. Name of national park, and fee charged. Number of permits Yellowstone: : 105 season permits at $10, 3,238 single trip at $7.50. Deduction of transmission fees.................-.|-...------ Sequoia: ; 130 season permits at $3, 599 single trip at $2, 4 motorcycles at $2 Deduction of transmission fees...........-. | OEE lee ore ted (pee decee » Yosemite: 52 in Mariposa Grove at $1, 73 season permits at $8, 3,788 single trip at $5................-22-00- Deduction of transmission fees General Grant: 8 permits in 1915 at $1, 34 season permits at $2.50, 1,672 single trip at 50 cents, 39 motorcycles at 50 cents Mount Rainier: ; isingletrip at $5, 1,984 single trip at $4, 790 season Epeais at $6, 128rent cars at $1, 97 motorcycles a Crater Lake: 209 season permits at $3, 1,540 single trip at $2, 26 THQHORCYELOSIAU OTe ees. Ces So Sloe bse cs leaen Deduction of transmission fees cies Receipts. Total au- Automo-| Motor- | Automo-| Motor- |tomobiles biles cycles. biles. cycles. | and mo- toreycles. 32843) |soe ete $25,335.00 WA eed Ae 42.87 [sees | 909) fe ieee $25, 292.13 729 4 | 1,588.00 $8.00 5.75 D5 82005. Ce naem es 1, 590. 25 Sh aaron 19,576.00 BARA AR ReAl Reamer coer 59.07 (LOL OT GH Ossie eee ee 19, 516. 93 1,714 39 929.00 19. 50 bd ee SS a Ly 3.62 Gan aS) = az eee 944. 88 2,903 97 |12, 809.00 | 97.00 mets cea eee de 38. 81 POCO) |e seme ee 12, 867. 19 1,749 26 | 3,707.00 26.00 eine o'sc| ule nts Aree te 3, 705. 62 80 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ne APPENDIX A—Continued. Receipts collected from automobiles and motorcycles admitted into the national parks during the period from Nov. 17, 1915, to Oct. 10, 1916—Continued. Number of ermits | Receipts. Motor- cycles. issued. Name of national park and fee charged. Automo-| Motor- | Automo- biles. cycles. biles Mesa Verde: 2 season permits at $2, 176 single trip at 50 cents, 2 motorcycles at 50 cents.............-..--.---- 178 2 $92. 00 Deduction of transmission fees........-.-.---.---|----------|---------- . 80 91.20 Glacier: 31 season permits at $2, 416 single trip at 50 cents, 11 motorcycles at 50 cents........--..-.-------- 447 ll 270. 00 Deduction of transmission fees.......--.----.----|----------|-0------0- 47 269. 53 Totalesa ec ach see saee ease ce esis ecinsiacisee cet «-| 14,976 179 |64, 153. 23 157.00 64, 310. 23 ee APPENDIX B. [PusLtic—No. 235—641H CoNGRESS.] ) [H. R. 15522.) An act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes. Be ti enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created in the Depart- ment of the Interior a service to be called the National Park Service, which shall be under the charge of a director, who shall be appointed by the Secretary and who shall receive a salary of $4,500 per annum. ‘There shall also be ap- pointed by the Secretary the following assistants and other employees at the salaries designated: One assistant director, at $2,500 per annum; one chief clerk, at $2,000 per annum; one draftsman, at $1,800 per annum; one messenger, at $600 per annum; and, in addition thereto, such other employees as the Secretary of the Interior shall deem necessary: Provided, That not more than $8,100 annually shall be expended for salaries of experts, assistants, and em- ployees within the District of Columbia not herein specifically enumerated unless previously authorized by law. The service thus established shall promote and regulate the use of the Federal areas known as national parks, monuments, and reservations hereinafter specified by such means and measures as conform to the fundamental purpose of the said parks, monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects - and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. Src. 2. That the director shall, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, have the supervision, management, and control of the several national parks and national monuments which are now under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, and of the Hot Springs Reservation in the State of Arkansas, and of such other national parks and reservations of like character as may be hereafter created by Congress: Provided, That in the supervision, management, and control of national monuments contiguous to national forests the Secretary of Agriculture may cooperate with said National Park Service to such extent as may be requested by the Secretary of the Interior. Sec. 3, That the Secretary of the Interior shall make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the use and manage- ment of the parks, monuments, and reservations under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, and any violations of any of the rules and regulations authorized by this Act shall be punished as provided for in section fifty of the Act entitled “An Act to codify and amend the penal laws of the United States,” ‘approved March fourth, nineteen hundred and nine, as amended by section six of the Act of June twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and ten (Thirty-sixth United States Statutes at Large, page eight hundred and fifty-seven). He may also, upon terms and conditions to be fixed by him, sell or dispose of timber in those cases where in his judgment the cutting of such timber is required in order to control the attacks of insects or diseases or otherwise conserve the scenery or the natural or historic objects in any such park, monument, or reservation. He may also provide in his discretion for the destruction of such animals and of such plant life as may be detrimental to the use of any of said parks, monu- ments, or reservations. He may also grant privileges, leases, and permits for the use of land for the accommodation of visitors in the various parks, monu- ments, or other reservations herein provided for, but for periods not exceeding twenty years; and no natural curiosities, wonders, or objects of interest shall be leased, rented, or granted to anyone on such terms. as to interfere with free access to them by the public: Provided, however, That the Secretary of the Interior may, under such rules and regulations and on such terms as he may prescribe, grant the privilege to graze live stock within any national park, 81 e 82 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. monument, or reservation herein referred to when in his judgment such use ‘is { not detrimental to the primary purpose for which such park, monument, or 4 reservation was created, except that this provision shall not apply to the | Yellowstone National Park. : Sec. 4. That nothing in this Act contained shall affect or modify the pro- visions of the Act approved February fifteenth, nineteen hundred and one, entitled “An Act relating to rights of way through certain parks, reservations, and other public lands.” Approved, August 25, 1916. APPENDIX C. [PusLic—No 171—64tTH CoNnGRESsS. ] [ERE 95252] An act to establish a national park in the Territory of Hawaii. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tracts of land on the island of Hawaii and on the island of Maui, in the Territory of Hawaii, hereinafter de- seribed, shall be perpetually dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasure ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the United States, to be known as Hawaii National Park. Said tracts of land are described 4s follows: First. All that tract of land comprising portions of the lands of Kapapala and Keauhou, in the district of Kau, and Kahaualea, Panaunui, and Apua, in the district of Puna, on the island of Hawaii, containing approximately thirty-five thousand eight hundred and sixty-five acres, bounded as follows: Beginning at a point on the west edge of the Keamoku Aa Flow (lava flow of eighteen hundred and twenty-three), from which point the true azimuth and distance to Govern- ment survey trigonometrical station Ohaikea is one hundred and sixty-six de- grees twenty minutes, six thousand three hundred and fifty feet, and running by true azimuths: (First) Along the west edge of the Keamoku lava flow in a northeasterly and northwesterly direction, the direct azimuth and distance being one hundred and ninety-eight degrees ten minutes, fourteen thousand seven hundred feet; (second) two hundred and fifty-six degrees, eleven thousand four hundred feet, more or less, across the land of Kapapala and Keauhou to a marked point on the Humuula trail; (third) three hundred and twenty-eight degrees fifteen minutes, eight thousand seven hundred and twenty-five feet across the land of Keauhou to the top of the fault north of the Kau road; (fourth) along the fault in a northeasterly direction, the direction azimuth and distance being two hundred and fifty-one degrees and thirty minutes, four thousand three hundred and thirty feet; (fifth) two hundred and forty-five degrees, six thousand feet, to a point near the southwest boundary of the land of Olaa; (sixth) three hundred and thirty-seven degrees ten minutes, eight thousand six hundred and fifty feet, more or less, to the junction of the Hilo /and Keauhou roads; (seventh) three hundred and thirty-three degrees and twenty minutes, three thousand three hundred feet, more or less, to the south- west corner of the land of Keaau; (eighth) three hundred and thirty-two de- grees and ten minutes, seven thousand feet, along the land of Kahaualea; (ninth) two hundred and eighty-one degrees, thirty thousand three hundred and seventy-five feet, more or less, across the land of Kahaualea, passing through the north corner of the land of Panaunui, to the north corner of the land of Laeapuki; (tenth) thirty-one degrees thirty minutes, thirteen thousand two hundred feet, more or less, along the land of Laeapuki and across‘the land of Panaunui; (eleventh) eighty-nine degrees and ten minutes, thirty-two thousand nine hundred feet, more or less, across the land of Panaunui, Apua, and Keauhou to Palilele-o-Kalihipaa,’ the boundary point of the Keauhou- Kapapala boundary; (twelfth) fifty-one degrees and thirty minutes, five thou- sand and five hundred feet, across the land of Kapapala; (thirteenth) one hun- dred and two degrees and fifty minutes, nineteen thousand one hundred and fifty feet, across the land of Kapapala to a small cone about one thousand five hundred feet southwest of Puu Koae trigonometrical station; (fourteenth) one hundred and sixty-six degrees twenty minutes, twenty-one thousand feet, across the land of Kapapala to the point of beginning. Second. All that tract of land comprising portions of the lands of Kapapala and Kahuku, in the district of Kau, island of Hawaii; Keauhou second, in the - district of North Kona; and Kaohe, in the district of Hamakua, containing _ seventeen thousand nine hundred and twenty acres, bounded as follows: Be- ginning at Pohaku Hanalei of Humuula, a small cone on the brow of Mauna 83 84 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. Loa, and at the common boundary points of the lands of Humuula, Kapapala, and Kaohe, from which the true azimuth and distance to Government survey trigonometrical station Omaokoili is one hundred and ninety-five degrees twelve minutes eighteen seconds, seventy-eight thousand two hundred and eighty-six feet, and running by true azimuths: First, two hundred and ninety-eight de- grees, five thousand two hundred and forty feet; second, twenty-eight degrees, thirty-six thousand nine hundred and sixty feet; third, one hundred and eighteen degrees, twenty-one thousand one hundred and twenty feet; fourth, two hundred and eight degrees, thirty-six thousand nine hundred and sixty feet; fifth, two hundred and ninety-eight degrees, fifteen thousand eight hun- dred and eighty feet, to the point of beginning. Third. A strip of land of sufficient width for a road to connect the two tracts of land on the island of Hawaii above described, the width and location of which strip shall be determined by the Secretary of the Interior. Fourth. All that tract of land comprising portions of the lands of Honuaula and Kula, in the district of Makawao, and Kipahulu, Kaupo, and Kahikinui, in the district of Hana, on the island of Maui, containing approximately twenty- one thousand one hundred and fifty acres, bounded as follows: Beginning at a point called Kolekole, on the summit near the most western point of the rim of the crater of Haleakala, and running by approximate azimuths and dis- tances: First, hundred and ninety-three degrees forty-five minutes nineteen thousand three hundred and fifty feet along the west slope of the crater of Haleakala to a point called Puu-o-Ili; second, two hundred and sixty-eight de- grees twenty-three thousand feet- up the western slope and across Koolau Gap to the point where the southwest boundary of Koolau Forest Reserve crosses the east rim of Koolau Gap; third, three hundred and six degrees thirty minutes seventeen thousand one hundred and fifty feet along the southwest boundary of KKoolau Forest Reserve to a point called Palalia, on the east rim of the crater of Haleakala; fourth, along the east rim of the crater of Haleakala, the direct ‘azimuth and distance being three hundred and fifty-four degrees fifteen min- utes eighteen thousand three hundred feet to a point on the east rim of Kaupo Gap, shown on Hawaiian Government survey maps at an elevation of four thousand two hundred and eight feet; fifth, eighty-eight degrees forty-five min- utes three thousand three hundred feet across Kaupo Gap to a point called Kaumikaohu, on the boundary line between the lands of Kipahulu and Kahi- kinui; sixth, one hundred and two degrees and thirty minutes forty thousand seven hundred and fifty feet along the south slope of the crater of Haleakala to the point of beginning. Sec. 2. That nothing herein contained shall affect any valid existing claim, location, or entry under the land laws of the United States, whether for home- stead, mineral, right of way, or any other purpose whatsoever, or shall affect the rights of any such claimant, locater, or entryman to the full use and en- joyment of his land. Whenever consistent with the primary purposes of the park the act of February fifteenth, nineteen hundred and one, applicable to the location of rights of way in certain national parks and the national forests for irrigation and other purposes, shall be and remain applicable to the lands included within the park. The Secretary of the Interior may, in his discretion and upon such conditions as he may deem wise, grant easements or rights of way for steam, electric, or similar transportation upon or across the park. Sec. 3. That no lands located within the park boundaries now held in private or municipal ownership shall be affected by or, subject to the provisions of this Act. Sec. 4. That the said park shall be under the executive control of the Secre- tary of the Interior whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation from injury of all timber, birds, mineral deposits, and natural curiosities or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition as nearly as possible. The Secretary may in his discretion grant leases for terms not exceeding twenty years, at such annual rental as he may determine, of parcels of land in said park of not more than twenty acres in all to any one person, corporation, or company for the erection and maintenance of buildings for the accommodation of visitors; but no such lease shall include any of the objects of curiosity or interest in said park or exclude the public from free and convenient approach thereto or convey, either expressly or by implication, any exclusive privilege within the park except upon the premises held thereunder and for the time granted therein; and every such lease shall SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 85 require the lessee to observe and obey each and every provision in any Act of Congress and every rule, order, or regulation of the Secretary of the Interior concerning the use, care, management, or government of the park, or any object or property therein, under penalty of forfeiture of such lease. The Secretary may in his discretion grant to persons or corporations now holding leases of land in the park, upon the surrender thereof, new leases hereunder, upon the terms and stipulations contained in their present leases, with such modifications, restrictions, and reservations as he may prescribe. All of the proceeds of said leases and other revenues that may be derived from any source connected with the park shall be expended under the direction of the Secretary, in the manage- ment and protection of the same and the construction of roads and paths therein. The Secretary may also, in his discretion, permit the erection and maintenance of buildings in said park for scientific purposes: Provided, That no appropriation for the maintenance, supervision, and improvement of said park in excess of $10,000 annually shall be made unless the same shall have first been expressly authorized by law: And provided further, That no appropriation shall be made for the improvement or maintenance of said park until proper conveyances shall be made to the United States of such perpetual easements and rights of way over private lands within the exterior boundaries of said park as the Secretary of the Interior shall find necessary to make said park reasonably accessible in all its parts, and said Secretary shall when such ease- ments and rights of way have been conveyed to the United States report the same to Congress. Approved, August 1, 1916. | APPENDIX D. [PuspLic—No. 184—64TH CONGRESS. ] [H. R. 348.] An act to establish the Lassen Volcanic National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the State of California, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all those certain tracts, pieces, or parcels of land lying and being situate in the State of California and within the boundaries particularly described as follows, to wit: Beginning at the northeast corner of section three, township thirty-one, range six east, Mount Diablo meridian, California; thence southerly to the southeast corner of said section; thence easterly to the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of section eleven, said township; thence southerly to the southeast corner of the- southwest quarter of section fourteen, said township; thence easterly to. the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of section twenty-four, said town- ship; thence southerly to the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of sec- tion twenty-five, said township; thence westerly to the southwest corner of section twenty-six, said township; thence southerly to the southeast corner of section thirty-four, said township; thence westerly along the sixth standard parallel north, allowing for the proper offsets, to the northeast corner of section three, township thirty north, range six east; thence southerly to the southeast corner of section twenty-seven, said township; thence westerly to the south- west corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty-eight, said township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of said sec- tion; thence westerly to the southwest corner of .the northwest quarter of said section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence west- erly to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty, said township ; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of said section; thence westerly to the range line between ranges five and six east; thence southerly along said range line to the southeast corner of township thirty north, range five east; thence westerly along the township line between townships twenty-nine and thirty north' to the southwest corner of section thirty-three, township thirty north, range five east; thence northerly to the - northwest corner of said section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty-nine, said township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of said section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of said section; thence north- erly to the northwest corner of said section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty, township thirty north, range four east; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of section eight, said township; thence easterly to the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of section nine, said township; thence northerly to the town- ship line between townships thirty and thirty-one north; thence easterly along the sixth standard parallel north, allowing for the proper offsets, to the south- west corner of section thirty-three, township thirty-one north, range four east; thence northerly to the northwest corner of section twenty-one, said township ; thence easterly to the range line between ranges four and five east; thence northerly along said range line to the northwest corner of fractional section eighteen, township thirty-one north, range five east; thence easterly to the south- west corner of section twelve, said township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of section one, said township; thence easterly along the township line between townships thirty-one and thirty-two north to the northeast corner of section three, township thirty-one north, range six east, the place of beginning, are hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, disposal, or sale, under the laws of the United States, and said tracts are dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment of 56 F ea SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. ee the people of the United States under the name and to be known and designated as the Lassen Volcanic National Park; and all persons who shall locate or settle upon or occupy the same, or any part thereof, except as hereinafter pro- vided, shall be considered trespassers and be removed therefrom: Provided, That ‘nothing herein contained shall affect any valid existing claim, location, or entry under the land laws of the United States or the rights of any such claim- ant, locator, or entryman to the full use and enjoyment of his land: Provided further, That rights of way for steam or electric railways, automobiles, or wagon roads may be acquired within said Lassen Volcanic National Park under filings or proceedings hereafter made or instituted under the laws applicable to the acquisition of such rights over or upon the national forest lands of the United States when the construction of such roads will not interfere with the objects of the national park, and that the United States Reclamation Service may enter upon and utilize for flowage or other purposes any area within said park which may be necessary for the development and maintenance of a Govy- ernment reclamation project; that no lands located within the park boundaries now held in private, municipal, or State ownership shall be affected by or sub- ject to the provisions of this act: And provided further, That no lands within the limits of said park hereby created belonging to or claimed by any railroad or other corporation now having or claiming the right of indemnity selection by virtue of any law or contract whatsoever -shall be used as a basis for indemnity selection in any State or Territory whatsoever for any loss sustained by reason of the creation of said park. Sec. 2. That said park shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of the United States as he may deem necessary or proper for the care, protection, management, and improvement of the same. Such regulations being primarily aimed at the freest use of the said park for recreation purposes by the public and for the preservation from injury or spoliation of all timber, mineral deposits, and natural curiosities or wonders within said park and their retention in their natural condition as far as practicable and for the preservation of the park in a state of nature so far as is consistent with the purposes of this Act. He shall provide against the wanton destruction of the fish and game found within said park and against their capture or destruction for purposes of merchandise or profit, and generally shall be authorized to take all such measures as shall be necessary to fully carry out the objects and purposes of this Act. Said Secretary may, in his discretion, execute leases to parcels of ground not exceed- ing ten acres in extent at any one place to any one person or persons or com- pany for not to exceed twenty years when such ground is necessary for the erec- tion of buildings for the accommodation of visitors and to parcels of ground not exceeding one acre in extent and for not to exceed twenty years to persons who have heretofore erected, or whom he may hereafter authorize to erect, Sum- mer homes or cottages. Such leases or privileges may be renewed or extended at the expiration of the terms thereof. No exclusive privilege, however, shall be granted within the park except upon the ground leased. The regulations governing the park shall include provisions for the use of automobiles therein and the reasonable grazing of stock. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of the Interior may also sell and permit the re- moval of such matured or dead or down timber as he may deem necessary or advisable for the protection or improvement of the park. Sec. 4. That the Secretary of the Interior may exact such charges as he deems proper for leases and all other privileges granted hereunder. Sec. 5. That no appropriation for the maintenance, supervision, or improve- ment of said park in excess of $5,000 annually shall be made unless the same shall have first been expressly authorized by law. Approved, August 9, 1916. 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