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Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

MDCCCL.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

MDCCCL.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING

FEBRUARY 4, 1851.

YORK :
H. SOTHERAN, CONEYSTREET.

1851.

TRUSTEES

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY THE ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D.D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
FRANCIS CHOLMELEY, ESQ., F. 8. A.

ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F. BR. S.
RICHARD JOHN THOMPSON, ESQ.

PATRONESSES

OF THE

Morkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F. RB. S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F. RB. S.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F. R. 8S.

EARL OF TYRCONNEL, F. R. S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

LORD WENLOCK.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1851.

PRESIDENT :

Ear FirzwitiiaM.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Francis CHOLMELEY. —

Wiiam Gray, F. G.S.

Rev. Witt1am Vernon Harcourt, F. R.S.
Rev. WitiiaAmM Hey,

Hon. anp Rev. 8. W. LAWLEY.

JoHn Puittuips, F. R. 8S.

H, S. THompson.

Rev. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

TREASURER:

Tuomas MeyneE tt, Jun., F. L. S.

COUNCIL:

Elected 1849....Oswatp ALLEN Moore.
Rev. THomas MyYErs.
THomaAs PRICE.
Henry Rosrnson.
Elected 1850 .... Ropert H. ANDERSON.
Rev. Joon KEnrRIcK.
W. L. Newman, F. R. Ast. S.
J. P. PritcHert.
Elected 1851 .... JoHN CLUDERAY.
JoHN Forp.
JosHUA OLDFIELD.
Dr. SHANN.

SECRETARIES :

Tuomas Mrynett, Jun., F. L.S.

THOMAS HENRY TRAVIS.
ti

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

CURATORS:

MINERALOGY
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY
ForrIigN ORNITHOLOGY.
British ORNITHOLOGY .
InsEcTA AND CRUSTACEA .
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LiprarRy AND MANUSCRIPTS .
(

OxssERVATORY & METEOROLOGY
under the care of a Committee
consisting of .

Prorsssor Puitiirs, F.R.S.
Tuomas ALLIs.

Tuomas Mrynett, F.L.S.

W. Ruvston Reap, F.LS.
Rev. Wm. Hey.

Rey. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.
Rev. J. Kenrick.

Tue Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
F.RS.

Proressor Puiiiips, F.R.S.

Wm. Gray, F.GS.

Wm. L. Newman, F.R.Ast.S.

JoHN Forp.
\Rev. Wm. Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHARLESwoRTH, F.G.S.

SUB-CURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAInNEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 1851.

Tue period has now arrived, when, in the annual course of
events, it becomes the duty of the Council to report, to this
Meeting, the proceedings of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society
during the year 1850.

The Council are glad to state that, upon a review of the past
year, the Society is still advancing in its career of usefulness,
and that while there will be occasion to notice the attainment
of much that was desirable in several departments of the
Institution, some important improvements in the grounds have
been completed, and the Council have the satisfaction of leaving
the finances of the Society in a better state than at the com-
mencement of the past year. It is gratifying to the Council to
be able to report additions to the Collections of Natural History
and Antiquities by the process of donation, to which the Society
has been accustomed for more than a quarter of century to
look, with well grounded confidence, as the principal means of
improving its Museum. Of these additions several deserve
especial notice. From Thos. 8. Rudd, Esq., of Redcar,
has been received the whole of the British Insects, with the
exception of the Lepidoptera, which were collected by his
brother, the late Rev. G. T. Rudd, M. A., well known as one
of the leading British Entomologists. This extensive collection
consists chiefly of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera, of
which three orders it contains several thousand specimens.

8 REPORT OF THE

Many of these are of extremely rare occurrence ; some are
unique; and several specimens are the originals of the figures
in Mr. Curtis’s splendid work on British Insects.

The naming and arrangement of this extremely valuable
collection in the Entomological Cabinet is now in progress,
under the able superintendence of Mr. Meynell, a continuation
of labours of a similar kind for which the Society is indebted
to the same zealous member.

The Society has through the intervention of the Naturalist
Club received two masses of Calcareous grit from Newton Dale,
exhibiting impressions of Star-fish, and constituting a very
desirable addition to the fine series of kat from the
Yorkshire Oolite already in the Museum.

To Mrs. Watson, of Thorpe, near pprkiiaptn’ the Society
is indebted for the Tibia of an Elephant, found at Harswell,
on the estate of Sir Chas. Slingsby, in digging for marle. This
specimen is quite perfect, and in the highest state of preserva-
tion. Though scarcely at all mineralised, it weighs 20 pounds,
and measures round its upper extremity 23 inches.

The Collections of Tertiary Fossils and recent British Shells
have been enriched by further contributions from the British
Natural-History Society.

The series of shells obtained from the Hampshire Tertiary
beds (now exhibited in the Museum) includes 320 species,
about 150 of which are new or unfigured as British Fossils.
Of the generic types, among which these 150 species are distri-
buted, upwards of 20 are not yet recorded in systematic works
as known in British Eocene Strata. With a view of making
some of the minute shells in this collection instructive to
general visitors, a series of magnified figures, of the whole
of the small species, is in the course of preparation by
Mr. Smith (late a pupil at the School of Design in York),
under the direction of the Keeper of the Museum, and a plan,
of mounting the figures and specimens together, has been
adopted, which effectually protects doth from dust or other
accidents, and at the same time allows the latter to be closely
examined, A series of these species so mounted is displayed in
the Museum.

COUNCIL FOR 1850. g

Very choice examples of Modiola nigra from the Firth of
Forth, Bulla acuminata and Crania Norwegica, from Loch
Fyne, Pleurotoma Boothii, and Trochus millegranus from
Lamlash, have been added to the Cabinet of Shells. In the
last named locality, the Keeper of the Museum, by dredging,
obtained Lima hians, in its nest, and the series of specimens,
now displayed in the Museum, constitutes, it is believed, by far
the most complete illustration of this feature in the economy of
the Lima, that has ever been obtained. ‘The Limas, thus
dredged in their nests in Lamlash Bay, were of all sizes, from
the very young up to the adult, and it will be observed, that the
cavity of the nest presents no aperture corresponding to the
Siphonal aperture in the nest sometimes made by Gastrochena,
the capacity of the interior being generally eight or ten
times that of the contained animal and shell. One of the very
scarce forms of Buccinum, referable to Buccinum acuminatum
of Broderip, obtained at Redcar, by Mr. D. Ferguson, from a
Staithes fishing-boat in the course of last summer, was subse-
quently presented to the Museum by the British Natural-
History Society.

Through Mr. Edward Wood, of Richmond, the Society has
received a Slab of Micaceous Sandstone from the Mountain
Limestone series, having upon its surface in relief a Sea Worm
allied to Nereis.

The Council are glad to state that Professor King in his
valuable work on the Fossils of the Permian system, published
by the Paleontographic Society, has derived assistance from
an examination of the specimens of Fish in Magnesian Lime-
stone in the Society’s Museum, from which several of the
plates in his work have been figured.

The Council have the pleasure of noticing the completion of
the arrangement and fitting up of the Rudstone Collection of
British Birds, which is found, as was anticipated, as valuable to
the student as attractive to the general visitor.

Of the Donations to the Antiquarian department of the
Museum during the past year, which have been very few, there
are none which require any particular notice.

In their last report the Council stated, that the first part of

10 REPORT OF THE

a descriptive Account of the Antiquities in the Grounds and
Museum of the Society, (which, with the sanction of the Council,
their valued Curator of Antiquities had undertaken to prepare,)
had been sent to press; and a hope was expressed, that the
other parts would speedily follow, and the whole be completed
in the course of the Spring. In the midst of his endeavours to
realize this hope, the Council regret to state, that their Curator
was attacked by very serious illness, from which he has even
now only partially recovered. Having, however, been lately
encouraged by the offer of assistance from friends, the Curator
has resumed his labours, and the Council trust that he may have
it in his power to finish the valuable work he has begun.

Since the last Report the Hot-houses and Gardens have
received some interesting additions from Dr. Lindley, John
Wood, Esq., and others. Amongst these is deserving of especial
notice, the Victoria Regia received through Mr. Paxton from
the Duke of Devonshire, along with other valuable plants.
For the reception of this very interesting present a suitable
building was erected in September last, without expense to the
Society,* and the Council are glad to state that subsequent
experience has proved its complete adaptation to the object in
view. The Victoria Regia has flowered several times during the
Autumn, and has been an object of admiration to numerous visi-
tors. ‘There are few places in Great Britain, besides the Gardens
of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, where public curiosity
can be gratified with a sight of this wonder of the vegetable
kingdom.

* The Subscription for the Victoria House has as yet proyed inadequate to
meet the total expense incurred.

CoUNCIL FoR 1850. ll

The following is the—
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR 1850—YORK.
8 ; sibs “Vee
‘ fl i i=") 5,
a | ¢ £ gsi e| BS eles Es
S| ge] § a lal’) ele Geiss a
aia | | (ele) 8] 2 lees) BF
Ale |4i<4/9 se
I | 30°50] 29:22| 29-980 || 1°58 | 14 || 36-0 27-1] 31°6'47|20] 27 | Easterly.

II | 30°39} 28°65 | 29°797 ‘51 | 6 || 461) 37:0) 41°553/29 6 | South.

III, | 30°62| 29°54} 30°127|| +50 | 7 || 46:3) 320) 39-2'60/20) 15 | North.
IV | 30°51} 28°85 | 29°687 || 2°07 | 16 || 51:3) 39°7| 45°5|58/32 N. East.
V_ | 30°32 | 29°43] 29°817 72 | 16 || 57-9) 41°2) 49°6)71/31 Northerly.
VI | 30:49} 29-40] 29°974 || 1:71 | 10 || 67-5) 49-9) 58°7/77/42 S. West.

VIII | 30°31 | 29°59 | 29°844 || 2°22 | 16 || 65-3) 49-6) 57:5|74/38 S. West.
IX | 30:58} 29:32] 30°059 || 1:06 | 8 || 59°8) 46-4) 53-1/69/35 N.E. &8.E.
X | 80°45) 29°08) 29-777) 1:71 | 18 || 52-4) 39-7/ 46-0/59/29 North.
XI | 30°40} 28:58} 29°739 | 1-94 | 13 || 50-4) 38-5) 44°5/58/17 S. West.
XII | 30:58} 28-99} 29-929 78 | 11 || 42°7| 32:3) 37-5/53/22| 15 | Westerly.

2
4
0
VII | 30°25} 29°63 | 29:930 || 3:09 | 14 || 66-6) 521) 59°4'78/40) 0 | West.
0
0
5
9

29-888 || 17°89 |149 47-00 83

DIRECTION OF THE WIND.

N. 8. E. We N.E. N.W. 8.E. S.W.
44 55 19 46 49 36 38 78

The year 1850 has been remarkable for the very small amount
of rain fallen; the quantity being only 17°89 inches, about
two thirds of a mean, and less than has been registered during
the last twenty years. The year 1834 was nearly as dry, the
amount being then 18°49 inches. The amount reported from
Doncaster corresponds with that from York, being 17°16, the
annual mean of both places being nearly the same. At Settle also,
the quantity has been small, being 37°69 inches; the annual
mean of that locality is about 43 inches. The temperature has
been very nearly a mean 47°; the mean of 20 years was 47°6.
The mercurial column is very nearly the usual mean for York,
29°88 inches being the average for the year 1850. On the 19th

12 REPORT OF THE

of November it fell to the unusually low point of 28-581,
accompanied with a fall of nearly three quarters of an inch of
rain.* A thunder storm of unusual violence burst over the
city on Thursday, the 8th of August, between 6 and 8 P. m.
The Diocesan School, and the Roman Catholic Chapel in
Walmgate, were struck by the electric fluid. The diminution
of the usual amount of rain was equally distributed over the
first and the last six months of the year, the defect in the first
six being 3.65 inches, and in the last six 3:13 inches. Of the
two months in the year in which the drought would have been
most apparent, one, July, had an excess of °38 of an inch, and
the other, August, a defect of :38 of an inch.

The Library has received valuable donations from various
learned Societies and private individuals, and some original
works have been presented by their Authors: among which
the Council notice with pleasure the donation from M. Boucher
de Perthes, of Abbeville, of a Work on Geology and Antiquities,
in 4 vols. and avol. of the Memoires de la Societé d’ Emula-
tion of Abbeville.

The reading of papers at the Monthly Meetings of the Society
was interrupted by accidental causes, during the spring of last
year, but was resumed in the autumn, and the Council trust
that this source of much valuable information to the Members
of the Society will be continued.

Several parties have been admitted as Associates of the
Society during the year 1850, under the Rule passed at the last
Annual Meeting, and the Council trust that the increased
facilities of enjoying the advantages afforded by the Society
have proved beneficial.

The Swimming Baths have this year failed to be a source of
profit, because, owing to circumstances connected with the
establishment of the New Water Company, the usual supply of
water was suspended during a great part of the bathing season.
To explain this occurrence it is necessary to notice arrangements
entered into long ago, and more particularly an Agreement

* On the 12th of March the mercury rose to 30°626 inches, so that the range
of the year was 2°04 inches.

couNcIL FoR 1850. 18

entered into on the 30th of June, 1837, between the gentlemen
composing the then Committee of Management of the York
Water-works Company for themselves, their executors, ad-
minstrators, and assigns, of the one part, and the then Trustees
of the Company for establishing and maintaining Swimming
Baths in the City of York, for themselves, their executors,
administrators, and assigns, of the other part, by which, after
stating that the Water-works Company had agreed with the
said Trustees to supply the Baths with water for the term of
97 years, upon the terms and subject to the stipulations therein
mentioned, the Swimming Bath Company agreed to be at the
expense of laying down pipes for conveying water from the Works
of the Water Company (which were then carried on close to
Lendal Ferry), and also that they would construct a brick tunnel
drain, commencing from the main Marygate drain, and extend-
ing along the Manor Shore and terminating in a public sewer,
emptying itself into the River Ouse near Lendal Ferry, and that,
at all times during the term of 97 years the contents of the
Marygate drain and all the waste water, washings, and other
liquids or other offensive matter from the Baths and buildings
connected therewith should be conveyed into the drain, so that
no part thereof should flow into the River Ouse either from the
Street of Marygate or from the Manor Shore. And further
that the Swimming Company should during the term of 97
years pay to the Water-works Company the rent of £5 for the
water to be supplied to the Baths, as in the agreement afterwards
mentioned. And in consideration of the premises the Com-
mittee of Management of the Water-works Company agreed
with the Trustees of the Swimming Bath Company that the
Water-works Company would supply the Baths with cold water
during the ordinary times of working their Engine from the 15th
day of July, 1838, during the term of 97 years then next ensuing,
on payment by the Swimming Company and their assigns of
the annual rent of £5, and that the Water-works Company
would pay to the Trustees of the Swimming Bath Company the
sum of £50 towards the expense of making the said brick tunnel
or drain, when the same should be completed to the satisfaction
of the Water-works Company.

14 REPORT OF THE

Under this Agreement the Baths were regularly supplied
with water up to the commencement of the past year.
In the spring of 1845, the Yorkshire Philosophical Society
purchased the rights of the Swimming Bath Company in
the Baths and under their Agreement, and at some period
between that time and December 1848, the Old Water-
works Company ceased to exist, having transferred their
interests to the New Water Company, and after such transfer
the rent of £5 was duly paid pursuant to the stipula-
lations of the Agreement to the New Water Company, and
received by them without any objection being raised from the
31st day of December 1848, to the 31st day of March 1850.
In the spring of last year, however, the New Company (having
transferred their works from Lendal Ferry to a distance from
York), and being applied to by the Secretaries to affix the
necessary communications from their new main pipes to
the Baths, gave the Society notice, that they did not consider
themselves bound by the Agreement of 1837, and that any
supply of Water to the Baths must be under a new Agreement.

This led to a Meeting between a Committee appointed by the
Council, and the Directors of the Water Company, at which the
latter repudiated altogether the recited Agreement of 1837,
but (subject to the future settlement of the rights of the parties)
they offered to supply the Baths (only) for £30 per annum,
leaving the charge for the Fountains, Mr. Baines’s House, the
Lodge, and the other requirements of the gardens (which had
always been up to that time supplied at a fixed rate of £6. 8s.
per annum for the whole) altogether uncertain.

To these terms, temporary only and highly disadvantageous
as they were, the Council could not agree, and without relin-
quishing what they conceived to be the rights of the Society
under the Agreement of 1837, it became a matter of necessity,
that immediate steps should be taken, to procure the per-
manent supply of the requisite quantity of water. With this
view estimates were obtained, from which it appeared that the
Society could supply itself with the whole of the water required,
at a cost including interest of Capital expended and other pay-
ments of from £20 to £25 per annum, and the Council au-

COUNCIL FOR 1850. 15

thorized the purchase of a Steam Engine and Machinery and the
erection and formation of buildings and works adapted to the
objects in view.

Under these circumstances the necessary works were pro-
secuted with as little loss of time as possible, and had not a delay
occurred on the part of those employed to provide the Engine, the
Society might have been enabled to supply the water required
during a considerable portion of the Bathing Season, and for
other purposes. This, however, under the circumstances, was
found to be impracticable, and previous to the erection: of the
machinery and the completion of the works, the Council were in-
duced to allow the negociations with the Water Company to be
re-opened, and it was found that they were then willing to supply
all the water required for the Baths, Fountains, Mr. Baines’s
House, the Lodge, and the various requirements of the Gardens,
for an annual sum of £25. After much deliberation the Council
authorized the acceptance of this offer (without prejudice to the
existing rights of the Society under the Agreement of 1837,)
having already secured for the Society the means, at any future
time, of readily supplying the water required for the Baths, &c.,
independently of the Water Company, should any circumstances
or considerations render such a step expedient.

The Engine is still in the maker’s hands, and it has been
ascertained that the Society would sustain little or no loss
should a sale of it be considered. desirable.

The total expenditure of every other kind in relation to the
Baths exceeds the income derived from the same source during
the year 1850 by £75 14s. 6d., and forms one of the only two
items of extraordinary expenditure of the current year.

The other item of extraordinary expenditure, £71 9s. 10d.,
has been incurred in connection with the new entrance to the
Gardens from Marygate, and the Society will, no doubt, justly
appreciate the very great improvement effected in that part of
their grounds. By thus restoring to the Museum Grounds the an-
cient boundary of the Abbey Close, we offer to convenient inspec-
tion structures, which rank among the earliest of our Monastic
remains, and guard from further injury and decay all that is left
of that gateway, which was the principal entrance to the

16 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR 1850.

Monastery in times anterior to the erection of the beautiful
Church, the ruins of which are now the chief ornament of our
gardens.

The Admissions at the Gates have yielded the sum of
£212 7s. 10d. during 1850, exceeding the receipts of the pre-
vious year by £22 16s. 8d., being a greater sum than has ever
been derived from the same source in any previous year; and
it is of importance to know that the ordinary income of the
Society, during 1850, has more than equalled its expenditure of
every kind, ordinary as well as extraordinary, by the sum of
£54 10s. 5d., notwithstanding that, owing to unexpected
circumstances already noticed, one source of revenue has been
less productive than usual.

Such is the history the Council are enabled to lay before
this meeting, not without hope of its affording many grounds
of congratulation.

To the increased attractions of the gardens, to the acquisition
of many valued additions to the collections, and to the number
of admissions at the Gate during the year 1850, (evincing as the
Council trust a gradually increasing appreciation of the peculiar
objects to which this and similar Institutions are devoted,) the
Council point with pleasure ; while in the improved financial
position of the Society, a prospect is opened of extending its
efforts towards the promotion of antiquarian pursuits, and of
adding to the facilities of acquiring information already afforded
to the student and lover of Natural History, by the varied
objects of interest and admiration displayed in the Museum.

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1850.

Cr, INCOME.
1850. £38: Oe
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 506 1 0
Admission of 22 New Members.... 110 0 0
Fatt, ROCCE ERTS Seakeesose PISO EO:
Composition of two Members in

lieu of Annual Subscriptions .. 40 0 0
Ladies’ Subscriptions.............. 47 0 0
RODS Gijacatevscccsececacs a srepe 00 imal Ga |
Keys of the Gates. ...cccccsccoccs. 38 0:0
Money received at the Gate........ 212 710
Uso of the Tent ....c.cscessiecees 700

Total Income ........ £1079 10 4

Permanent Debt, viz. :
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........ £1000 0 0
Six Members at £50

each 300 0 0

1300 0 0
Balance overdrawn Messrs.
Swann, Clough, & Co.,
December 31st, 1850 ..1206 12 0

Total Debt of the Society Dec. 31st,
NOOO oc cones sav a see's slesecvcsee S000 19-0

£3586 2 4

EXPENDITURE. rt.

1850. Li8eds Le 8d
Rent to the Crown ...... 1 0 1
Rent to the Corporation 53 8 0
Rates and Taxes ........ 911 4
Insurance & Water Rates 1215 0

7614 5
Salaries and Wages:
Keeper of the Museum 150 0 0
Sub-Curator .......... 100 0 0
Barvantaicsccescssss er 2010 8
Lodgekeeper......... a 205-0
LODGULCIG 2s cuceccsces 10) 07 0
Clerk and Collector.... 25 0 0
Attendantin Hospitium 6 0 0
472 6 0
Interest on Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company .......-.. 481010
To Bankers ....... AAC ta)
100 13 10
Museum, Gardens, &c.:
Painting and General
RGDAITS 5s sfeciss 500 55 11 4
Purchase and prepara-
tion of Specimens,. 52 12 11
108 4 3

Library, Books and Binding ...... 10 2 0
Incidental Expenses:
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery .... 3316 0
Coals and Gas ........ 45 5 8
Postages, Carriage, and

Sundries .....,.... 3013 5

109 15 1
877 15 7

Total Ordinary Expenditure ......

Extraordinary Expenses :
Alteration at the Mary-
gate Extrance......
Balance against the So-
ciety on Swimming
Bath Account ..... ;

71 910

147 4 4
1024 19 11

Total Expenditure

Permanent Debt, viz.:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........

Six Members at £50
eueh 4... c5saiecs

300 0 0

1300 0 0
Balance overdrawn Messrs.
Swann, Clough, & Co.
Dec. 31st, 1849 ...... 1261 2 5

Total Debt of the Society Dec. 31st,
WO40 cccses Sasiieeiceneece se veses SOOM 9 'O

£3586 2 4

Jan. 14, 1851, Audited by us,

THOMAS MEYNELL, Treasurer.

JOHN KENRICK,
JOHN PHILLIPS,

18

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB.

1850.

Robert Atkinson, York.
Robert Brown, York.

Charles Edwd. Harris, Fulford, York.

Thomas Lambert, York.
William Smith, York.
Eliza Stringer, York.
Henry John Ware, York.
John Wolstenholme, York.

1851.

G. L. Cressey, York.
Henry Anderson, York.
Thomas Forrest, York.
Joseph Hunt, York.
Thomas Hodgson, York.
George Hornby, York.
Joseph Terry, York.
Thomas Watkinson, York.
John Wilson, Castlegate, York.
Thomas Craven, York.
Richard Walker, York.

1850.

19

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FEB. 47x, 1851.

1. That George Goldie, M.D., and Peter Murray, M.D., of
Scarborough, be elected Honorary Members of the Society.

2. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

3. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents
and Members of the Council retiring from office, and to the Secretary
and Curators for their valuable services.

4. That the Council be empowered to authorize the holding of one
or more Horticultural Meetings in the Society's grounds during the
present year.

5. That the Council,be empowered on certain days to be selected
by them during the present year, to permit free admission to all
persons to the Museum and Gardens, the mode of admission to be
regulated by the Council.

6. That the Council be empowered to admit Strangers during the
present year, at the usual rates of payment.

7. That the Council be authorized to admit to the Museum and
Gardens, as temporary subscribers, any occasional Visitors to York,
not residing in the County, at the rate of one pound for four months
for themselves and families, but that in no case shall such privilege be
granted for a longer period than twelve months.

20

At a Meeting of the Council held Feb. 25th, 1851, the following
Regulations respecting the reading and publication of
Papers and the duties of Curators were adopted.

PUBLICATION OF PAPERS.

After the reading of any Paper at the Monthly Meetings the
Author shall be requested to furnish an Abstract or Copy of the same
to the Secretaries.

The Abstract or Copy so furnished shall be immediately copied into
a folio Book, which book shall be placed in the Library, and be open
to the Members, but shall not-be taken out of the room, except for
the use of the Council at their Meetings, at each of which it shall be
laid before them.

The printing of Papers or Abstracts shall be limited to such Papers
as relate to the Natural-History and Antiquities of Yorkshire, or the
contents of the Yorkshire Museum.

The Council shall provide the means of determining what Papers
come within this rule, and to what extent they shall be printed, and
whether they shall be accompanied or not by plates,

The transactions shall not be offered for sale, and no more than
500 copies shall be printed ;—such copies being for the use of Members
and for exchange with other Societies.

Authors shall be allowed 25 copies of their communications free
of charge,

The publication shall be annual.

DUTIES OF CURATORS.

The Council being of opinion that the Society derived great benefit
from the services of Curators of departments of the Museum through
a long period of years, and that the interests of the Institution
require that these officers should be maintained in activity and honour,
not only as positively useful to the due care of the Collections, but as
collaterally important in preserving and extending the favour of the
Public—have adopted the following regulations :—

The Curators of departments shall be severally independent,
responsible only to, and allowed free communication with the Council,
by written reports or personal communication.

21

Each Curator shall be requested to attend at the Monthly Meetings
of the Members (as was formerly done), to examine and report
upon the objects belonging to his department, which may have been
received since the preceding Meeting. In case of unavoidable absence
from ill health or other cause, a Curator may request another Member
to supply his place.

The Curators shall be requested to state to the Council, from time
to time, whatever they may deem fit to mention or suggest in respect
of the state of the Collections: as

Their state of completeness or deficiency ;
The manner in which they are exhibited ;
The state of nomenclature, &c.

For the purpose of making such statements, they shall be empowered
to attend the Monthly Council Meetings, due notice of the times of
holding these Meetings being communicated to them.

A reference may be made to them before the purchase of Books,
Instruments, Natural or Artificial Curiosities, &c., for their opinion as
to the suitableness of such purchases.

The Curators shall be provided with personal Keys of the Cases in
their departments, and are encouraged to explain the objects under their
care to strangers of eminence who may be accredited to them for the
purpose. |

22

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,
1850.

Marcu.—Joun Tuurnam, M.D.—On the Tumuli examined by
the Antiquarian Club, and the Funeral Customs of the Ancient
Britons.

Aprit.—W. C. CoppertHwAITE.—On certain discoveries at
Malton, of Roman Remains.

Junz.—H. C. Sorsy, F. G.S.—On the direction from which the
Oolitic Sandstones and Shales of the Yorkshire Coast have drifted,
and onfthe Geology of a Valley in the Tabular Hills, near Scarboro’,
called “* Yedman Dale.”

DecemBer.—Joun Puituirs, F.R.S.—On Ptolemy's Map of
Britain,

23

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM,

1850.

GEOLOGY.

Club, Yorkshire Naturalists’. Several Starfishes (Asterias arenicola)
in calcareous Grit from the neigh-

bourhood of Pickering.
Society, British Natural-His- ) Large series of Tertiary Fossils from
tory Ee TE the Isle of Wight, and adjacent
Hampshire Cliffs; Mountain Lime-
stone Fossils from the neighbourhood

of Settle and Clitheroe.

Anderson, Mrs. R. H. ....... Piece of the celebrated boulder stone
“ Pierre a bot,” from Chaumont.
Gibson, Mrs. .......ceeere ..... Fine specimen of the Horn of the Red

Deer, found in making a drain at
Thornton near Pocklington.

Harvey, Lady .........0. Wood from the Greensand of Folkstone
perforated by Teredo.

Hatfield, Randall, Esq....... Bones of a Ruminant, found near
Thorp-Arch.

Higgins, E. T., Esq. .......... Femur of Pliosaurus.

Watson, Mrs., (Thorpe)... Tibia of Fossil Elephant from Harswell,
(see page 8.)

ZOOLOGY.

British Natural-History So- ) British Shells, Annelida, Radiata and
CLOEY rerevccsecccvcsescseress Crustacea, including many species

new to the Collection.

Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club. Four mounted Silver-Grey Rabbits,
from Nappa in Wensleydale.

Anderson, Mrs. R. H. ...... Skin of a Penguin.

Dayrell, Rev. Thos. ......++. Variety of the Pheasant.

Leckenby, John, Esq. ....... Very fine specimen of the Spiney Crab,
taken at Scarboro’.

Meynell, Thos. Jun., Esq.... Various British Shells.

Read, W. Rudstone, Esq. ... Specimen of the Bean Goose.

24

Rudd, Thos. S., Esq. ..+....0. Extensive Collection of British Insects,
(see page 1.)

ANTIQUITIES.

Bayldon, J., Esq. ........+ .- Coin of Trajan, 2nd brass.

Coin of Gallienus, 3rd brass.

Nine modern Foreign Coins, chiefly
Spanish, silver; 1 Russian, copper ;
2 Sixpences, Eliz. ; 1 Sixpence, Ja. i. ;
2 Fourpences, Cha. ii. ; 1 Fourpence,
Anne; 1 Fourpence, Geo. ii.; 1 Two-
pence, Geo. iii; 1 Penny, Anne;
1 Penny, Geo. i.

A Medal, in brass, struck on occasion of
the Victory of the King of Prussia,
1757.

Medal of Louis XV.

Kalendar for 1704, on a brass medal.

One of the Leaden Coins or Tokens
found on removing the old Bridge at
Layerthorpe Postern.

Bonomi, Jos., Esq. ......... Cast of the Obelisk of Carnak.

Bulmer, Jas., Esq....+.+e0+e «» Coin of Hadrian, 1st brass,

Wilkinson, Miss ...... seeeee Impression of an KEeclesiastical Seal
found at Cawood, inscribed SIGIL-
LVM-INDVLGENTIARVM‘:DIS-
PENSATIONVM ::::-

MISCELLANEOUS.

British Natural-History Sian Case for the display of the more
Society ......ccsceecccevecee fragile specimens in the collection of
Hampshire Tertiary Fossils.
The Lord Mayor ............ Specimen of Telegraphic Wire used for
Marine purposes.
Matterson, Wm., Esq. ....... Indian Club and Mat.

25

GARDEN.

Devonshire, his Grace the pe Regia, from the Conservatory
Duke of ......... sogcorepess. at Chatsworth.

Harrison, Miss, (Bootham) 120 Papers of Seeds from the Calcutta
Botanical Gardens.

Lindley, Dr. ......s01...008+.. A collection of Seeds and Plants from
the Chiswick Gardens.

Oldfield, Joshua, Esq. ...... Two Loads of Garden Manure.

Wood, John, Esq. ............ Various Seeds.

LIBRARY.

Association, British, for the
advancement of Science...
Society, Royal Astronomi-) Greenwich Astronomical Observations,
cal, of London ......... pee 1847.
Greenwich Magnetical and Meteorolo-
gical Observations, 1847.
Cancels for the Introduction to the
Reductions of the Greenwich Lunar
Observations.
Appendix to Greenwich Observations,
1847. Twelve-year Catalogue.
Astronomical and Magnetical Observa-
tions, made at the Royal Observatory,
Greenwich, in the year 1848, under
the direction of G. Biddle Airy, Esq.,
M. A.
Society,Geological,ofLondon Quarterly Journal for 1850.
Society, Literary and Phi-
losophical, of Leeds ......
Society, Royal, of Edinburgh Transactions of the Society, vol. 20, pt. 1.
Astronomical Observations, vol. 9,
1843.
Proceedings of the Society, vol. 2, Nos:
35, 36, 37, 38, and 39.

\ Report for 1849.

\ Report for 1849.

26 LIBRARY.

Society Royal, of Edinburgh General Results of the Observations in
Magnetism and Meteorology, made
at Makerstoun, in Scotland, for 1845
and 6.
Society, Chemical, of London Journal for 1850.
Society,Zoological,ofLondon Reports for 1847, 8, and 9.
Proceedings 1848 and 9.

. 1é d’ l ti D’ Ab-
Societé d’emulation Memoirs of, for 1844, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

deville eet ccctee
Boucher de Perthes, M. ...) Antiquites Celtiques et Antédiluvi-
(The Author.) ) ennes. Memoire sur l'industrie primi-
tive et les arts a leur origine.
De la Creation. Essai sur L’Origine et
la progression Des Etres, 4 vols. 8vo.
Gray, William, Esq. ......... History of the extinct Volcanoes of the
basin of Neuwied on the lower Rhine.
By Samuel Hibbert.

F.R.S., &c. true Mount Sinai; on the Wilderness
(The Author.) of Sin ; on the Manna of the Israelites,
and on the Sinaic Inscriptions.

Hogg, John, Esq., M. A., ores on Mount Serbal being the

Smith, Chas. Roach, Esq.,
F.S.A. (The Author.)
Stillingfleet, E. W., wiht Description of a Roman Building and

Collectanea Antiqua, part 3, vol. 2.

FOAM wecreccceverssererees other remains lately discovered at
Caerleon.—By John Edw. Lee.
Wood, John, Esq. ......+-.++ The Journal of the Horticultural So-

ciety of London, 1850, vol. 5.
Wild, John James, Esq., A Letter to the Right Honourable Lord
(The Author.) Brougham and Vaux, containing
Proposals for a Scientific Exploration
of Egypt and Ethiopia.
Yates,James, Esq.,F.R.S. &c. ) A Paper on the use of Celts in Military
(The Author.) Operations.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

Doubleday and Hewitson’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, fol., col.
plates, (42 parts published).

LIBRARY. 27

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (11 parts pub-
lished).

Waterhouse’s Natural History of Mammalia, 8vo., col. plates, (2 vols.
published).

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol. (6 parts published).

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Forbes and Hanley’s British Mollusca, 8vo. col. plates, (37 parts
published).

Scientific Memoirs, edited by Richard Taylor, F. 8. A., (20 parts
published).

Publications of the Ray Society, viz.:—Bibliographia Zoologie et
Geologie, by Prof. Louis Agassiz, vol. 2. On the Natural-
History of the British Entomostraca, by W. Baird, M. D.

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

13 MAR 1886

’ thi
Ph es:

vies i a

A

a x nm
ie le
aa

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

MDCCCLI.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLI.
PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1852.

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

eid

1852.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D.D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
FRANCIS CHOLMELEY, ESQ., F.S. A.

ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.R.S.
RICHARD JOHN THOMPSON, ESQ.

PATRONESSES

Porkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R. 8.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.

EARL OF TYRCONNEL, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

LORD WENLOCK.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1852.

PRESIDENT :

EFaru FrrzwitiiamM.

VICE PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonprssoroucH, F.R.S.
Hon. Payan Dawnay.

Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.

Rev. Wm. Hey.

Francis CHOLMELEY.

Wa. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
Tos. Mrynett, Jun., F.L.S.
Henry Rosinson. |

TREASURER:
Wituiam Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL:

Elected 1850. ...Rosr. H. ANDERSON.
Rev. J. Kenrick.
W. L. Newman, F.R. Ast. S.
J. P. PritcHerr.

Elected 1851,...JoHN CLUDERAY.

JoHN Forp.

JosHUA OLDFIELD.
Dr. SHANN.

Elected 1852. ...REev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R.S.
Rev. R. B. Cooxz, F.G.S.
Rost. DAvrss.
Tuomas ALLIs.

SECRETARIES :

Tuos. H. Travis.
Joun Puitutes, F.R.S.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

CURATORS :
Mineralogy .. . . . . Proressor Puituzrs, F.R.S.
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY . . THOMAS ALLIS.
Forricn OrnitHotocy. . . THomaAs Meyne tt, F.L.S.
British OrnitHotogy. . . W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
INsECTA AND Crustacea . . Rev. Wm. Hey.
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT . ReEv.CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

Lisprary AND Manuscripts . Rev. J. Kenrick.

(Tur Rev. W. V. Harcourt,

F.R.S.

OxssEeRvatTory & Mrrroroocy | Proresor Puitups, F.R.S.
under the care of a Committee | Wm. Gray, F.G.S.
consisting of . . . . » «| Wm. L. Newman, F.R.Ast.S.

JoHN Forp.

\Rev. Wu. Hey.

__

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHARLEsworTH, F.G.S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAInNEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 1852.

In presenting a report of the proceedings of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society for the year 1851, the Council are happy
to assure the Annual Meeting of a continuance of that
prosperity which has been the subject of congratulation in
former years, and which is the result of a steady pursuit of the
special objects of science and utility to which this Institution is
devoted. At the close of 1850 numerous improvements in the
Gardens, that for many years had occupied the attention of the
Council, and had occasioned a great annual demand upon the
resources of the Society, were completed, with the exception of
the laying out in a suitable manner the space between St.
Leonard’s Hospital and the Multangular Tower.

This has been effected during the past year at a trifling
expense, and in a manner likely to make that part of the
Society’s Grounds of equal interest with the others. The
Council have thus had the opportunity, which they have not
neglected, of directing more than usual attention to the state of
the Collections already made and still increasing in every
department of the Museum, in order that by the most careful
and (where practicable) improved arrangement, appropriate
exhibition, and accurate labelling of the specimens already
accumulated, increased facilities may be afforded of instruction
to the Student and Scientific Observer.

8 REPORT OF THE

By thus employing to the greatest advantage the Collections
already made, the Council conceive that the Society is
strengthening its claim on the Members and the Public for
increased assistance and co-operation.

In the Geological department there have been no donations
calling for particular notice, but the Council have the pleasure
of reporting a general augmentation of the Collection, especially
in the Fossils of the Carboniferous Limestone and in the
Tertiary group.

Valuable additions have been made to the Eocene Hampshire
Fossils, and the Keeper of the Museum, during his visit to
Suffolk in July last, obtained a very large Collection of the
Fossils of the Crag, especially from the older or Coralline beds.

The Council have been glad to accede to an application from
Mr. Edwards, on behalf of the Palsontographical Society, for
permission to borrow some of the new species in the Hampshire
Collection, in order to figure them in the Monograph of
British Eocene Mollusca, upon which that gentleman is now at
work. Several of the Oolitic Echinodermata have also been
entrusted to Prof. E. Forbes to assist him in the investigation
of the species of this class, which he has undertaken as Paleon-
tologist to the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom.

Considerable progress has been made in the extension of the
Collection of British Marine Recent Shells. The written
labels have been replaced with neatly printed ones, and above
100 species, of which previously the Society possessed no ex-
amples, have been added to our series by the British Natural
History Society. These include some of the rarest known
British Shells—among them are Fusus Norvegicus, in fine
condition, obtained by Mr. D. Ferguson, from the Yorkshire
Coast; Fusus Turtoni, dredged off the Northumbrian Coast
by Mr. Howes, of Newcastle; a living specimen of Tellina
balaustrina, dredged alive by Professor Melville, in Galway
Bay: Aclis supranitida, from Southport; and a considerable
number of the rarer forms among the Genera Rissoa, Odosto-
mia, Mangelia, &c. Great pains have been taken by the
Keeper of the Museum to insure accuracy in the determination
of the species by personal or written communication in doubtful

COUNCIL FoR 1851. 9

cases with Mr. Bean, Mr. Alder, Mr. Hanley, and other well
known authorities in this branch of Natural History, and the
Council trust that the correctness of identification may be
relied upon throughout. The Council invite attention to an
ingenious method (invented by the Keeper of the Museum) for
the purpose of insuring the security of the smaller and more
delicate species, which in the course of time suffer by exposure
when mounted in the ordinary way.

The completion (so far at least as the Marine species are
concerned) of the History of British Mollusca by Professor
E. Forbes, and Mr. Hanley, has enabled the Keeper of the
Museum to draw up and print a list of all the species recognized
as such by the authors of this work. The circulation of copies
of this list, with our desiderata marked, will, it is hoped,
greatly facilitate our obtaining the species yet wanted to com-
plete the British Collection.

In the class Radiata, there have been added in the British
series some choice specimens of Goniaster equestris, from
Lamlash Bay, Arran, and a carefully prepared specimen of
Comatula, from the same locality ; a valuable acquisition, as
connecting the Starfishes with the family of Crinoidea.

Another series of Uniones and. Helices has been forwarded
by our indefatigable correspondent, Mr. Joseph Clarke, of
Cincinnati.

To Mr. O. A. Moore, the Society is indebted for a very
interesting series of Land Shells, from Chili, principally of the
genus Bulimus, and containing several forms new to the
Collection.

The additions to the Foreign Collection have not been
numerous, but are valuable. A skin of the Sable Antelope
(Aigoceros niger), one of the rarest known species of African
Ruminants, has been presented to the Society by Mr. Armitage,
of Harrogate.

The Mineralogical cabinet has received, during the year,
some fine specimens of Rutile, the gift of J. B. Lawes, Esq.
The Minerals have been revised and the arrangement of them,
in some respects, improved; and the Council hope by an
enlarged method of labelling, for which the cases now afford

10 REPORT OF THE

space, to render the Collection more attractive to the Visitors
and more useful to the Student.

The Council notice with pleasure the great progress that
has been made in the arrangement of the general Collection of
Foreign Birds. About 1100 species, including the British
Collection, are now named, and although great difficulty may
perhaps present itself in naming the remaining species, about
120 in number, owing to the want of works of reference in the
Society’s Library, yet the Curator of Foreign Ornithology,
using the means within his power, and aided by the assistance
of scientific friends, is not without hope of accomplishing this
object.

To the Collection of British Birds there have been no
additions that require particular notice. In the room dedicated
to the Rudstone Collection the Council have directed a tablet
to be erected in honor of the generous donor. The Council are
also desirous of taking an early opportunity of adding to the
pleasing effect of that Collection by making the glazing of the
cases uniform.

Since the last report the valuable series of British Insects,
presented by the executors of the late Rev. G. P. Rudd, has
been incorporated with the Society’s Collection by Mr. Meynell.
A large number of species has been named by him, and a
marked Catalogue of the British Coleoptera has been provided
by the Rev. W. Hey, the Curator of that department.

The Collection of Insects, however, is still very deficient in
Lepidoptera ; none of which were among the specimens received
by the Society from Mr. Rudd’s executors.

The cabinet of Foreign Entomology has been carefully ex-
amined and put into good condition.

In the Antiquarian department the donations have not been
numerous. A few Coins have been added to the cabinet, none
of which require any particular notice. The Society is indebted
to the Yorkshire Antiquarian Club for some further additions —
to the British and Saxon remains in the Museum, the result of
excavations at Acklam and other localities in Yorkshire. <A
very: interesting addition to the Roman Antiquities was made
in the early part of the year, by the purchase of a large stone

COUNCIL FoR 1851. ll

coffin, containing the remains of a female and child covered.
with lime, found at Clementhorpe, in the excavations for a new
house near the end of Nunnery-lane. In the course of the
summer, near the same place, a portion of tessellated pave-
ment having been unexpectedly brought to light, steps were
immediately taken to obtain it for the Museum; and the
Council having made application to the owner of the ground,
are happy to state that there is reason to hope that, if it escape
destruction, it will eventually be placed among the Collections
’ of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

The Descriptive Catalogue, which the Curator of Antiquities
began some time ago, is not yet finished. The council regret
that, in consequence of the state of his health, Mr. Wellbeloved
has been precluded from visiting the Museum so frequently
as he wished. He has, however, received much valuable
assistance, especially from Mr. Kenrick ; and the Council are
glad to learn that his work is so far advanced that he con-
fidently hopes it may be ready for publication in the course of
a few weeks.

The Council notice with pleasure a valuable donation from
W. Rudston Read, Esq. to the Library, which has also received
useful donations from various learned Societies during the past
year ; and such additional accommodation in bookcases has
been provided, that not only all the volumes at present
constituting the Library have been placed upon the shelves,
but space is left for its future increase. Many new books
have been entered in the classed and alphabetical Catalogues,
and the numbering has: been completed where it was imperfect ;
so that it is hoped the Members of the Society will find no
difficulty in availing themselves of the many valuable scientific
and antiquarian works which their Library contains.

The Council announce, with much satisfaction, that since
their last report the Observatory has been put into substantial
repair, both as to the walls, which had been loosened, and the
roof, which admitted water. The Transit Instruments and
Clocks, thus secured from harm, have been carefully re-adjusted
and kept for six months in regular work. Two cases have
been fixed on the north side of the building for the purpose of
containing a pair of day and night thermometers (screened

12 REPORT OF THE

from radiation), and a couple of wet and dry bulb thermometers
graduated to fifths of degrees. Preparation is made for mount-
ing a self-registering anemometer and rain guage in a
separate building, with clock movement; and it is intended to
place in a conspicuous situation, open to all Members and
visitors, a Chart of the recorded observations of all the
meteorological instruments.

The following Meteorological Register for 1851, York, has
been received from Mr. Ford, who has for ten years obliged the
Society by preparing similar annual documents, and who will
continue his superintendence, in conjunction with other mem-
bers, of the new instruments at the Observatory.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1851.

d |2\8lal¢ E/E! ap
° oD °
Se eee re E a} a] & Ile ag
a qi Ee o 2 3 | & Ble |
slais| 44 eleigisisiel &
ee Nes: SEE) Ele les) a
S jAalal4a/4 Bise
1 | 30°33] 29-16| 29-666 || 2-05 | 18 | 44-3| 35-0| 39-6)55]24! 8] S. West.
11 | 30:47| 29-43] 29-966] 0°79 | 8 | 44-6] 82-1] 38°3|54/27|19| West.

III | 30°46 | 28-94) 29°663 || 2°30 | 12 | 46-5] 34°4| 40°5/51/28)13) Southerly.

IV | 30-23] 29:41 | 29825 || 1:47 | 11 | 51-0] 37-2) 44°1/63)/30) 3) N. East.
V_ | 80°60} 29°71] 29:979 || 1:16 | 9 |57-6)41°6)54°6)72/31) 2) N. Kast.
VI | 30°40} 29°58| 29:913 || 3:36 | 14 |66-5| 47°9| 56°1/80/39| 0) 'S. West.
VII | 30°26 | 29°35] 29°814|| 2°53 | 14 | 65-0] 49°9| 57-4|80/40) 0| West.
VIII | 30°41 | 29°56 | 29962 || 2-21 | 13 |67-9| 51-0| 59°4)76/37| 0| N. East.
IX | 30°72] 29°33] 30°166 |) 1-77) 5 | 62-0} 44-6) 53-4/74/37/ 0| N. East.

X | 80°52] 29°09] 29°766 || 1:11 | 14 |55°7| 42°6|49°1/65|29| 3) S. West.

XI 30°44 | 29°31 | 29-862 62| 9 |42°0| 80°6| 36°3/49/23/19| N. West.

XII | 30°60} 29:44] 30:168 || 1:09| 9 | 44-0) 33°3/ 38°7/57|23)16) Southerly.

29°895 || 20°46 |136 | 53°9| 40:0) 47°3 83

DIRECTION OF THE WIND.

N. 8. E. W. N.E. N.W. S.E. S.W.
27 46 5 49 64 38 55 82

COUNCIL FoR 1851. 13

The temperature of the year 1851 was again nearly an exact
mean 47:3. The mean for the last twenty years was 47:5.
Since the year 1846, the mean annual temperature of York has
exhibited a remarkable uniformity.

Temperature of 1846 .. .. .. «. 50°00
BOTA “Gi ss eo eee
BORE ar es aa sa Sk Oe
Ae dike il ane a
BOBO 6c) yada 03s F200
NI is Se pace ba cgits cn) te

The month of January was 4° above a mean, and the month
of November 5° below. The year like its predecessor was
distinguished by an amount of rain considerably below a mean.
In 1850, the total was 17°89 inches; in 1851, 20°46; the
mean for 20 years being 24°27 inches. The month of Novem-
ber seems to be losing its pluviose character. In 1844 on an
average of 13 years November was second in amount of rain,
July being first. The diminished quantities of the last few
years have placed it fifth in amount of rain fallen, July still
retaining the first place. November, 1851, appears to have
been the coldest and the dryest November of the last 20 years.

The pressure of the mercurial column is again about a mean,
being 29°89 5 inches, reduced for capillarity and temperature. ©
The range between the two extremes of the year was 1-786
inches. Thunder and lightning were of rare occurrence during
the year. A heavy storm burst over the city on the 2lst June,
accompanied with ‘77 inch of rain, and another about the
usual time in the first half of the month of August. The term,
usual time, will be justified by the following statement of
thunder storms at York in that month.

1861, .; August 13, ...... Wand Siete. Rain ‘03
1850,.. 4 8&9 so SW a 06
18M... 5551 8&9 5 OE » 1°06
i. 8 a t0 7 We » 07
1847, not observed, probably nocte ?

1846, .. August 1,2,7,&13 Wind S. Rain °63
hc. 9 1 ta, » 95
isa. 18 an Bete ee tik
1848, .. ,, 15&16 ow » 1:96

$a 40 eae! » 144

14 REPORT OF THE

This almost invariable recurrence of storms, with only one
exception in the course of ten years, all occurring within a
limit of 8 days, is a fact of some interest. ‘Thunder, lightning,
and rain more or less, the day before or the day after.’”*

The statements of Accounts which follow will fully explain
the condition of the Society’s financial arrangements, and will,
the Council trust, prove satisfactory.

The total annual expenditure has been kept within the
income by above £62., notwithstanding the extraordinary
expenses attending the addition of new bookcases to the
Library, and the completion of the communications between
the baths, fountains, and hothouses, and the mains of the new
waterworks, and although the general account has been
necessarily charged this year with much larger sums than
usual for painting and general repairs, and a large but long
called for expenditure on the Observatory has been incurred.

On this occasion the Council announce, with regret, the
resignation of Thomas Meynell, Esq., the Treasurer, and one of
the present Secretaries of the Society, a gentleman from whom,
for many years past, the Society has received the most valuable
and efficient assistance in carrying out the various objects that
from time to time have occupied attention. The Council,
however, are glad to find that the Society may still hope to
enjoy the benefit of Mr. Meynell’s knowledge and experience,

* Reports on the amount of rain fallen in the past year have been received as
follows :

1851. Mean of years.
Bettie... 25 1.) whines do) 7 08S Pot Ggihp
Huggate wee et SOTO | OBE 7
Middleton, near Beverley . oss 0, bf QBCML 20-77 4
Bransby .. «02 jong By eae we Hes is
AGEWOREES 65 re PSS XM. tae. 4.” 5,1 SOUS ESBS TAO
Dopeapter) vs. 5. MAY Joe ik 28 OOTT88 248 9

Mr. Marshall of Kendal, who has registered the rain of that district for 30 years,
states that the amount has diminished considerably ; that in the first 15 years of
that period the annual fall was 57:34; and in the last 15, 50°73.

The mean rain fallen at York in the 10 years ending Dec. 31st, 1841, was
21'145; and in the last 10, ending Dec. 31st, 1851, 24:244, indicating no tendency
towards a diminished annual amount.

COUNCIL FoR 1851. 15

and the Meeting will no doubt gladly accept the proposal of
the Council to elect him a Vice-President of the Society for the
ensuing year. The Council are glad to announce as a suc-
cessor to Mr. Meynell in the office of Treasurer, Wm. Gray, Esq.,
a gentleman whose former labours in behalf of the Society as
Secretary, will still be in the recollection of the Meeting.

In looking round for a successor to Mr. Meynell as one of
the Secretaries, the Council congratulate the Meeting in being
able to name Professor Phillips, a gentleman distinguished no
less for his scientific attainments, than for his constant co-
operation and warm interest in the welfare of the Society on all
occasions from its earliest days, who has kindly consented to
return to an office, which he formerly filled, and to act as joint
Secretary with Mr. Travis.

Such is a brief review of the proceedings of the Society
during the year that is past, and the Council trust that the
hopes and promises of former years have been in a considerable
degree realized. The arrangements in every department of the
Museum have undergone the most careful scrutiny and ex-
amination, and wherever an improvement has been practicable
steps have been taken for carrying it out. The collections in
the Museum have been enlarged and enriched, the sources of
attraction to strangers, and of enjoyment to the Members and
their families which the Gardens offered, have been increased,
and the Society may be regarded as having advanced to a point
from which its friends may look back with satisfaction on the
progress it has made, and forward with confidence, to a career
of increased and increasing usefulness.

16

THE
TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

IN ACCOUNT FOR

rt. INCOME.
1851. £. 8. d.
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 551 1 0
Admission of 19 New Members .... 95 0 0
Associates ............ fer TA 9 00
Ladies’ Subscriptions.........-++.- 49 1 0
REM. v.cecs apes ha eatice Rat CR, 116 14 3
Keys of the Gates.......-+-s+eeee8s 8110 0
Money received at the Gate........ 170 15 11
Swimming Bath (deducting expen-
BOR) ci, carer saunas saisicwe eye marae 44 14 10
Use of Tents cic csses icicces Pat at: 700
Total Income........£107417 0
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........ £1000 0 0
Six Members at £50
eCaCh ...see se 300 0 0
1300 0 0
Balance overdrawn Messrs.
Swann, Clough, & Co.,
Dec. 31st, 1851........ 1143 6 8
2443 6 8
£3518 3 8

Audited, Jan. 20th,
THOMAS MEYNELL, Jun., Treasurer.

THE YEAR 1861.

EXPENDITURE. Dr,
1851. Bsa Ei. %. d.
Rent to the Crown ...... I ..0.4
Rent to the Corporation 53 8 0
Rates and Taxes ........ 614 4
Insurance & Water Rent 1215 0.
73.17 5
Salaries and Wages:
Keeper of the Museum 150 0 0
Sub-Curator .........- 100 0 0
Bervants ...06seesseee. 20 0 0
Lodgekeeper .........- 200 0
Labourers .......5.... 152 3 0
Clerk and Collector.... 25 0 0
Attendantin Hospitium 6 0 0
473 3 0
Interest on Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company .......... 48 10 10
To Bankers ss -'sse%0:0 0%. 49 9 0
————— 971910
Museum, Gardens, &c. :
Painting and General
RevAiTS . op o0:'05 009 91 8 9
Purchase and prepara-
. tion of Specimens .. 3318 6
Observatory ....-..-.. 4217 1
168 4 4
Library, Books and Binding........ 24415 6
Incidental Expenses:
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery 2119 0
Coals and Gas ........ 48 510
Postages, Carriage, and
Sundries ...... lincie «px, Mine OF
115 5° 1
Total Ordinary Expenses ........ 953 4 8
Extraordinary Expenses :
New Book Cases in
Library (ii. s8 6. cs. 21 0 0
Connecting the Bath,
Fountains, Hothouses
&c., with the New
Waterworks ........ 87,7 0
568 7 0
Total Expenditure ........+++seees 1011 11 8
Permanent Debt, viz.:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ....«..- 1000 0 0
Six Members at £50
OGON 0.0 veciecvie ne 300 0 0
1300 0 0
Balance overdrawn Messrs.
Swann, Clough, & Co.,
Dec. 31st, 1850 ....... 1206 12 0
Total Debt of the Society

2506 12 0 250612 0
£3518 3 8

Dec. 31st, 1850

1852.
JOHN CLUDERAY,
HENRY ROBINSON.

17

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1851.

1851.

Thomas Shipton, York.

Robert William Anderson, York.
George Acton, York.

Col. Michael Childers, York.
Francis Moore, York.

Thomas Smith, York.

Thomas Taylor, York.

Thomas Cooke, York.

1852.

Thomas H. Morris, York.

Samuel William North, York.

Lord Londesborough, Grimstone Park.
John G. Lees, York.

18

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FEB. 10rx, 1852.

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents
and Members of the Council retiring from office, and to the Secretaries
and Curators for their valuable services.

3. That the special thanks of the Society be given to Thomas

Meynell, Jun., Esq., the Treasurer, and joint Secretary of the Society,
retiring from office.

4. That the Council be empowered to authorize the holding of one
or more Horticultural Meetings in the Society’s Grounds during the
present year.

5. That the Council be empowered on certain days to be selected
by them during the present year, to permit free admission to all
persons to the Museum and Gardens, the mode of admission to be
regulated by the Council.

6. That the Council be empowered to admit Strangers during the
present year, at the usual rates of payment.

7. That the Council be authorized to admit to the Museum and
Gardens, as temporary subscribers, any occasional Visitors to York,
not residing in the County, at the rate of one pound for four months
for themselves and families, but in no case shall such privilege be
granted for a longer period than twelve months.

8. That it is desirable to raise a further sum not exceeding £1000
on Mortgage of the property of the Society, and that the Trustees be

authorized and requested to execute such security as shall be approved
by the Council.

19

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,
1851.

JANUARY.—Joun Parties, Esq.—On Magnetism in Yorkshire.
Junz.—J. Hatt, Esa.—On the Walls of Roman York.

Novemsper.—W. Gray, Ese.—On the total Eclipse of the Sun, of
the 28th July last, as observed by him in Norway.

20

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Club, Yorkshire Naturalists’. Various species of Trilobites and Pen-
tremites, with other rare Fossils from
the Mountain Limestone of York-
shire.

Society, British Natural-His-) A large series of specimens from the

tory diss hatin Coralline Crag, consisting of Shells
and Corals; also numerous Sharks’
Teeth, Cetacean bones, &c. from the
Red Crag of Suffolk.
Additional Fossils from the Eocene
Hampshire Strata.

Clarke tompls pil i ial Silurian Fossils from North America.

cinnatt).. ove vee

Lyell, Sir Chas.’ vecesseaeeee A rare Natica, from the Eocene Strata
of Barton Cliff, Hants.

MINERALOGY.

Backhouse, Miss Sarah ... Bekite from Torquay.
Boucher, Mr.............2..... A rare variety of Felspar.
Lawes, J. B. Esq., (S#.) Very fine specimens of Oxyde of Tita-
Albans) ....00+0000 eoeesbeoes nium with Sulphate of Molybdena and
Chromate of Iron from Loch Tay.
Walker, Miss, (Sand Hut-) Interesting varieties of Agate (in ex-
GOW) ssceccesdexs¥ssesbese ess ; change.)

ZOOLOGY.

Club, Yorkshire Naturalists’. Remarkable Lizard from Mexico.
Society, British Natural-His- ) About 100 species of the rarer British
COTY...ccccscccsccccceres coee's } Marine Shells, including Fusus Nor-
vegicus, Fusus Turtoni, Tellina Ba-
laustina, Arca raridentata, &c. &c.

21

Society, British Natural-y Asteriade from Lamlash, Arran, in-
History ....ccccovcrsoecerees \ cluding a specimen in fine preservation
of Comatula rosacea.

Armitage, S., Esq., (Harro- heap of the Sable Antelope, Aigoceros

BOC) r.croccecsccvcncecce oes niger, from South Africa.
Clarke, Joseph, Esq., (Cin- | Fine series of American Land and
CHRAES ) soe de sie decocccegees Freshwater Shells.
Dawnay, Hon. Payan ...... Pure white variety of the Blackbird,
shot at Beningbrough Hall.
Healey, Major .... Three British Ducks.

Lee, Mr. H.. ( Stillington ) Two specimens of the white variety of
the Common Mole.

Moore, O. A., Esq. ......... A valuable series of Bulimi and Patelle
from Chili.

Read, Wm. Rudstone, Esq. A species of the genus Tetradon, in very
fine preservation.

Wood, Edw., Esq., (Rich- roa specimen of Ray’s Bream (in

MONA) —-sorcccecvcecsecocses exchange. )

ANTIQUITIES.

Club, Yorkshire Antiquarian. Large Urn, two Vases of British Pot-
tery, two Bone Pins, and Skull from
Tumuli, at Acklam.
Two skulls from Tumuli, at Dane’s-
dale; portion of Mortarium and two
Coins of Vespasian and Trajan, from

Malton. |
Annakin, Mr. C. ............ Fragments of Pottery found in Blake
Street.
Brown, Mr. Robt............. Two curious antique Keys.
Bell, Mr. Was :iirccracs Groat of David. II. of Scotland.
uesraien Mr, (Redland, ’} Seventy-six Coins and Tokens.

Clarke, Joseph, Esq., ( Cin-
MRAM, J ccccsissdeccccsess eee

Day, Edw., Esq. ............ Roman Sword found at the Mount.
Davies, Robt., Esq. .......... Fragments of Earthenware, found near
two Roman Coffins, in a Field South

\ Some Flint Arrow Heads.

22

of Severus’ Place ; a small portion of
one of the Coffins, and portions of its
contents.
A Cinerary Urn found in digging for

the foundation of his house, without
Micklegate Bar.

Hobson, R., Esq. ......---+«. Twenty Coins in Brass, (1 Siestien.
12 Roman, 7 Autonomons.)

King, John, Esq. — «..s000 Half-sovereign of Queen Elizabeth.

Prest, John, Esq. ....... ..... Coin of Faustina (large brass.)

Pulleyn, Mr. J. ......s00-e0ee Two Horse Shoes found in Petergate.

Seymour, John, Esq. ...... Seal of Queen Elizabeth.

Thomas, Mr. ...... cbaeunditaee Two Urns, a Patera, &c. found in the
. ' brickfield, near Layerthorpe Bridge.

Welbeloved, Rev. C....... ... Roman Key found in digging a drain

in Davygate.

GARDEN.
Devonshire, his Grace a: Victoria regia, from the Conservatory
Dak OF .ci06. .o.cssccvcvcses at Chatsworth.

Fulton, Miss, (Blackheath) 10 Papers of Seeds, from India.

Lindley, Dr. «........seeeeeee A collection of Seeds and Plants, from
the Chiswick Gardens.

Oldfield, Joshua, Esq. ...... Two Loads of Manure.

Wood, John, Esq. ....+ ... Various Seeds.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Brown, Mr. John ............ Burnt Wheat found in Peterlane.

Meynell, Thos. Jun., Esq..... A Mason’s Hygrometer.

Newman, W. L., Esq. ...... The original Equatorial of Abm. Sharpe.

A Standard Barometer.
Taylor, Rev. Wm......+...... Piece of the protected Telegraphic wire
, used for Submarine purposes.
Turner, John, Esq. ......... The Bomerang of the Aboriginal tribes
of Australia Felix.
The Lee-an-gle of the Aboriginal tribes
of Australia Felix, (made from the
Oak of the Colonists.)

LIBRARY. 23

LIBRARY.

Association, British, for the |
Advancement of Science f
Company, East India, Hon- |

Report for 1850.

Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Mu-

ourable Court of Direc- suem of the East India Company.

COTS Of cercceceesecesscosees
Institute, Archeological ... On the Roman Roads, Camps, and other
Earth-works, between the Tees and
the Swale, in the North Riding of the
County of York, by Henry Mac-
lauchlan. (From No. 23, of the
Archxological Journal.)
Society, Royal Astronomi- | Greenwich Observations, for 1849.
cal, of London ...... seeeee | Greenwich Magnetical and Meteorolo-
gical Observations, 1850.
Society, Chemical, of London Journal for 1851.
Society,Geological,ofLondon Quarterly Journal for 1851.
Society,Zoological,of London Proceedings 1849.

Society, the Numismatic ...... Proceedings for Session 1849—50.
d i "A
mee ia ala \ Memoirs for 1844, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Deville ....c.esacesssdvceses

Society, Royal,of Edinburgh Transactions of the Society, part 2,
vol. 20, for Session 1850 and 1851.
Proceedings of the Society from Dee.
1844, to April 1850, (index of.)
Proceedings of the Society, vol. 3, parts
40 and 41, for 1850 and 185].
Society, Royal Cornwall
Polytechnic ...........s0e6
Society, Historic of Lan-
cashire and Cheshire......
Society, Liverpool Literary
and Philosophical .........
Society, Literary and Philo-
sophical, of Manchester.
Soke ae ‘ Report of the Proceedings for 1850.
Government, British, by di- paeiaan on days of unusual Mag-
FOCKION Of sscnsescncsdnsevek netic disturbance made at the British

\ Report for 1850.
Proceedings and Papers for 1850—51.
‘ Proceedings for Sessions 1849 to 51.

\ Memoirs of, vol. 9.

24 LIBRARY.

Colonial Magnetie Observatories, un-
der the departments of the Ordnance
and Admiralty : printed by the British
Government under the superinten-
dence of Lieut. Col. Edwd. Sabine,
vol. 1, part 1—1840, 1841 ; part 2—
1842, 1843, 1844.

Observations made at the Magnetical
and Meteorological Observatory at
Hobarton, in Van Dieman’s Island
and by the Antarctic Naval Expedi-
tion, vol. 1. commencing with 1841,
with Abstracts of the Observations
from 1841 to 1848.

Magnetic and Meteorological Observa-
tions made at the Cape of Good Hope,
1841 to 1846, with Abstracts of the
Observations from 1841 to 1850,

inclusive.
Heanick, 30s Hal, Treasure-Trove in Northumberland.
(The Author.)
Londesborough, Lord ...... The Yorkshire Anthology, by J. O.

Halliwell, Esq.
Mantell, G. A., Esq., L.L.D. 2 Supplementary Observations on the

(The Author.) > structure of the Belemnite, and
Belemnoteuthis. ;
Maxey, Revy.Jonathan, D.D. ) Collegiate addresses with a Biographical
(The Author.) } introduction by Romeo Elton, D. D.,
F. R. P. 8.
Merryweather,George, M.D. ) An Essay explanatory of the ‘Tempest
(The Author.) Prognosticator.’

Read, Wm. Rudstone, Esq. Linnean Transactions, vols. 1 to 11,
vols. 17, 18, and parts 1, 2, of vol. 20.
Zoological Transactions, vol. 1, and
part 1 of vol. 2.
Smith, C. R., Esq., F. 8. A. Notes on the Antiquities of Treves,
(The Author.) Mayence, Wiesbaden, Niederbeber,
Bonn, and Cologne.
Etchings of Anglo-Saxon Antiquities
extracted from ‘Collectanea Antiqua,’
vol. 11, part 6.

LIBRARY. 25

Proceedings of the Society of Antiqua-
ries of London, (Nos. 18, 20, 21, 22,
24, 25, 26, and 27.)
Thurnam, John, Esq., M.D. Die Universitats Sternwarte in Christi-
ania herausgegeben, von Christopher
Hansteen, Director der Sternwarte.
Wood, John, Esq............. Journal of the Horticultural Society of
London for 1851.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (6 parts published).

Doubleday and Hewitson’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, fol., col.
plates, (50 parts published).

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Forbes and Hanley’s British Mollusca, 8vo. col. plates, (42 parts
published).

Publications of the Ray Society, (1851): The British Species of
Angiocarpous Lichens elucidated by their sporadia, by the Rev.
W. A. Leighton ; part 5 of The British Nudibranchiate Mollusca,
by Messrs. Alder and Hancock.

Publications of the Palewontographical Society, viz. :—Crag Mollusca,
part 1, Univalves; part 2, Bivalves, by S. V. Wood, F. G.S.
Fossil Reptilia of the London Clay, part 1, Chelonia, by Prof.
Owen and Bell; part 2, Crocodilia and Ophidia, by Prof.
Owen; part 3, Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations, by
Prof. Owen. Mollusca, from the Eocene Formations of England ;
part 1, Cephalopoda, by Fred. E. Edwards. Mollusca of the
Great Oolite, part 1, Univalves, by J. Morris, F. G.S., and
John Lycett. British Oolitic and Liassic Brachiopoda, by
Thos. Davidson. British Fossil Corals; part 1, Corals from the
Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations; part 2, Corals from the
Oolitic Formations, by Prof. H. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime.
The Entomostraca of the Cretaceous Formation of England, by
T. Rupert Jones. Permian Fossils of England, by Prof.
Wn. King. On the Fossil Lepadide, or pedunculated Cirripedes
of Great Britain, by Charles Darwin, F. R. S., &c.

26 LIBRARY.

Scientific Memoirs, edited by Richard Taylor, F.S. A., (20 parts
published).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (12 parts pub-
lished).

Waterhouse’s Natural History of Mammalia, 8vo., col. plates, (2 vols.
published. )

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

Keoenbe®
13 MAR 188

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET, YORK.

¥orkshive Philosophical Society.

“ANNUAL: REPORT

MDCCCLIL.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL
OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLII.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1853.

YORK:

BH. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1853.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D.D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
FRANCIS CHOLMELEY, ESQ., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.R.S.
RICHARD JOHN THOMPSON, ESQ.

PATRONESSES

OF THE

Porkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. |
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R. 5S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

LORD WENLOCK.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1853.

PRESIDENT:

Fart Frrzwitiiam, F.R.S.

VICE PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpgEsBorovueH, F.R.S.
Hon. Payan Dawnay.

Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.

Rev. Wa. H. Drxon, F.S.A.
Rev. J. Kenrick.

Wm. Rupstron Reap, F.L.S.
Tuomas Meynett, Jun., F.L.S.
Henry Rosrnson:

os

TREASURER.
Witiiam Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL.

Elected 1851. ...3. P. Prrrcwert.
JoHN Forp.
JosHuA OLDFIELD.
Dr. SHANN.

Elected 1852... .Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R. 8.
Rev. R. B. Cooks, F.G.S.
Rost. Davizs.
Tuomas ALLIs.

Elected 1853,...FRanctis CHOLMELEY.
Wm. Freperick Rawpon.
Rev. Wa. Hey.
O. A. Moore.

SECRETARIES :

TuHos. H. Travis.
Joun Puiturs, F.R.S.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

CURATORS :
MINERALOGY . . . ... . Proressor Puitiips, F.R.S.
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY . . THomAs ALLIS.
Foreign OrnitHotocy. . . THomas Meryne.t, F.L.S.
British OrnirHotocgy .. . W. Rupsron Reap, F.L.S.
InsEcTA AND CrusTacEA . . Rev. Wm. Hey.

ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT . Rev. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

LisRARY AND Manuscripts . Rev. J. Kenrick.

Tue Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
F.R.S.

OssERvVATORY & Merroronoey | Proressor Puitures, F.R.S.
under the care of a Committee\ Wm. Gray, F.G.S.
consisting of . . . . . .| WM. L. Newman, F.R. Ast.S.

JoHN Forp.

\ Rev. Wo. Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHARLEswortH, F.G.S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS :

‘Henry BAIneEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. Ist, 1853.

Tue Thirtieth Annual Report of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, which it is now the duty of the Council to present,
will record an undiminished flow of donations to the Museum,
and a financial statement in which the income exceeds the
expenditure.

During the year 1852, the donations to the Geological
department of the Museum have been more than usually valua-
ble. Of these, the most important is a very remarkable
Plesiosaurus from Lofthouse, presented by the Earl of Zetland,
an acquisition acceptable, not only because the Society pre-
viously possessed nothing but plaster casts to illustrate this
very extraordinary extinct type of Saurians, but also because,
the lias of the Yorkshire coast having become celebrated as a
resting place for the remains of these reptiles, it was very
desirable that one specimen at least should be seen in the
Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

Professor Phillips has already made this fine specimen (to
which he has assigned the name of Plesiosaurus Zetlandicus)
the subject of a communication to one of the Society’s Monthly
Meetings, in which he pointed out some remarkable characters
in the conformation of the head, distinguishing it from all other
known species of the genus, and contributing, therefore, to

8 REPORT OF THE

increase the interest with which it will be regarded by
Naturalists.*

Mr. Wood has enriched the Paleontology of Yorkshire by
the discovery in the Mountain Limestone near Richmond, of
a beautiful Encrinite, referable, perhaps, to the genus Cyatho-
crinus. It presents a very remarkable feature, which, it is
believed, is quite unknown in the history of, at least, this parti-
cular group of Crinoidal Animals. The column or stem sup-
porting the Richmond Encrinite gradually contracts in diameter
towards the base, so that it would appear, from one or two
almost entire columns in the possession of Mr. Wood, to have
terminated nearly in a point. Three slabs, rich in remains of
this new fossil, have recently been sent by Mr. Wood for
presentation at the Annual Meeting.

Through the Rev. R. B. Cooke of Wheldrake, W. C. Max-
well, Esq. has presented two Slabs of new red-sandstone, with
footmarks upon the surface, found near Carlaverock, Dum-
frieshire. And the materials for studying these singular
vestiges of ancient nature have been augmented by Professor
Phillips’s gift of a large mass covered with footprints of
Labyrinthodon from the same series of strata in Cheshire.

Lieut. Anthony Cooke, R.E., has presented a large Ichthyolite
from the Coal Measures at Gilmerton, referable to the genus
Holoptychius, and displaying the natural outline of the mouth
and parts of both jaws of this fish, the specimen in this respect
being probably unique.

The Society is indebted to the late Dr. Mantell, for an
interesting series of Bones of Iguanodon from the Wealden of
the Isle of Wight, a contribution which derives additional
interest from having been received so short a time before the
death of the amiable and distinguished donor.

Some further contributions to the Tertiary Collection have
been made by the British Natural-History Society; among

* Of four large specimens of Plesiosauri hitherto discovered in the lias of the
Yorkshire coast, one (P. grandipennis of Owen) is at the Cambridge University
Museum. Another (P. brachyspondylus of Owen) is at the Whitby Museum ;
a third is now at York; the fourth and most perfect of all, remains at Mulgrave
Castle.

COUNCIL FOR 1852. 9

these is a very large and perfect specimen of the Great Wing
Shell (Rostellaria ampla), 9 inches long by 6 broad, a much
prized Hampshire Fossil.

Since the last Report the Council have authorized the pur-
chase of some Foreign Shells, of which a Collection from
Mazatlan, Central America, embracing more than 200 species,
selected by Mr. Carpenter, of Warrington, formed a part. The
American Shells were unaccompanied by names, but the Keeper
of the Museum has been enabled to identify a considerable
number of the species contained in this valuable acquisition.

A MS. Catalogue which he has drawn out with the Genera
placed in Alphabetical order, shews the whole of the Foreign
Shells in the Society’s possession hitherto identified with pub-
lished species.

The only donation of importance in Foreign Conchology is
from Mr. O. A. Moore, who has presented some South-American
land Shells, including one very extraordinary Helix, sent to
him from Brazil under the name of the Trumpet Snail.

To the British Collection of Shells, the rare Buccinum Hum-
phreysianum has been presented by Mr. Meynell, and several
other additions of minor importance have been made to this
series. °

The Ichthyological Collection has been enriched by a fine
specimen of the Angel Fish (Squatina Angelus), 5 feet in
length, sent anonymously from Scarborough.

Several interesting fishes, taken on the Coast, have been
presented, through Mr. Meynell, by Mr. Rudd, of Redcar, and
the whole of the less bulky specimens presented by Dr. Parnell
and the late Mr. Hailstone have been neatly and carefully
remounted by the Sub-Curator.

The British Ornithological Collection has been enriched by
the purchase of a beautiful specimen of the Black Stork, shot
near Market Weighton, being the first recorded specimen that
has occurred in Yorkshire.

To the Foreign Ornithological Collection there have been no
additions during the past year, but the Council have pleasure
in again directing the attention of the Members to the state of
this part of the Museum, both as to condition of specimens and

~

10 . REPORT OF THE

exactness of nomenclature—points essential to the credit of the
Society,—on which Mr. Gould recently expressed to the Curator
of the department a highly favorable opinion. |

The Cabinet of British Insects has recently received a
valuable augmentation from T. Meynell, Esq., Jun., who has
presented to the Society his Collection of Libellule. This is
the only contribution which has been received during the past
year to this interesting department of Natural History.

To the series of Comparative Anatomy one addition only has
been made, consisting of a beautiful skeleton of a mole, for
which the Society is indebted to the Curator of that department.

The Library has received many additions of great value,
amongst which may be mentioned particularly, a very extensive
donation of books from Edward Hailstone, Esq., of Bradford,
comprising 49 works relating to British and Foreign Botany:
From Professor Phillips, a Copy of his own Report on the
Ventilation of Mines, and an important series of the Transac-
tions of Foreign Societies, and other works. From the Earl of
Ellesmere, a Copy of his Guide to Northern Archeology. From
Lord Londesborough, Halliwell’s Yorkshire Anthology, and
Tracts on Antiquarian subjects. From His Grace the Duke of
Northumberland (by whose direction the work was undertaken
and executed), Mc. Laughlan’s Survey of Watling Street.
From Mr. Roach Smith, the Proceedings of the Society of
Antiquaries, and his Report of the Excavations at Lymne, and
from Mr. Mayer, of Liverpool, a Copy of Sprott’s Chronicle,
with fac-simile.

The Council have also to announce the addition to the
Library of the Transactions of several learned Societies.

Of the very few donations to the department of Antiquities
during this year, the most interesting is a fragment of a carved
grit-stone, found in the year 1811 with several other similar
Roman remains, in a bed of warp nearly 3 feet below the
foundations of the old bridge over the Ouse. When perfect it
exhibited the figure of an eagle with a large ring about its
neck, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. It was obtained by the
late Benj. Brooksbank, Esq., and removed to his house at
Healaugh, near Tadcaster, and by the kindness of his son,

COUNCIL FoR 1852. 11

Stamp Brooksbank, Esq., it has been presented to the Museum
of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

The Descriptive Account of the Antiquities in the grounds
of the Museum has been recently completed and published by
the learned Curator (Mr. Wellbeloved), and has been welcomed
not only by Members of the Society but by numerous visitors,
in a manner indicating a due appreciation of its interesting
and valuable details.

The Council cannot leave this subject without expressing
their deep sense of the obligation the Society is under, for the
labour and research bestowed upon this work ; which so greatly
enhances the interest and value of the Antiquarian objects in
the Society’s possession, and which, from the liberality of the
Author in kindly placing the profit arising from the sale of the
work at the disposal of the Council, promises, in a pecuniary
point of view, to be a donation to the Society of much import-
ance.

A further contribution to the Natural History and Antiquities
of Yorkshire has proceeded from the pen of Professor Phillips,
who has added to his well-known Geological works, an illus-
trated volume of descriptions, entitled ‘‘ The Rivers, Moun-
tains, and Sea Coast of Yorkshire.” The objects contemplated
by the author of this volume are exactly those which the
Society labours to advance, and the Council report with pleasure
that several communications having the same tendency, which
have been read to the Monthly Meetings, are now under the
consideration of a Committtee, for publication in the Transac-
tions of the Society.

The Society has received a very valuable Collection of Plants
from Messrs. Standish and Noble, during the past year, besides
some minor donations from other parties.

The work of the Observatory has been continued, and some
part of the plans sanctioned by the Council for increasing its
utility has been performed. There is, however, as yet no
registration of Wind, and some further steps are requisite to
- complete the desired daily information on the changes of tem-
perature and moisture.

12 REPORT OF THE

The following Meteorological Register for 1852, has been
received from Mr. Ford, who has for many years past obliged
the Society by preparing similar annual statements.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1852.

a ledeel | 18
a ‘3s |S 5\Ss!] © | as ~»
alale|. | lAleeegelale(2
Bi S/F 12 | 3 | BIRSEIE BLES
s/h] Sis i ۤ 14 Psersleleb# Tale

Jan. | 30-262) 28-764) 29°528)| 2°35 | 14 || 44-2) 31-5) 37-9) 51 | 24 | 18 | S.W.
Feb. | 30°800| 29.160) 29°975)| -74 | 7 || 44°6) 31-9) 38-3) 53 | 22 | 17 | N.

Mar. | 30°828/ 29°258) 30:138|| -47 | 4 || 47°9| 30°8/ 39-3] 66 | 20 | 22 | N.E.
April | 30°498| 29°548/ 30°081|| -26 | 4 || 55-0) 34-7/44-9) 72 | 27 | 12 | S.E.

May | 30°314/29°354|29°851|| 87 | 10 || 57-5) 44-3) 50-9) 69 | 33 | — | N.E.
June | 30°014| 29°214| 29°668|| 3:46 | 20 | 62°7| 50°1/ 56-4) 69 | 40 | — | S.E.
July | 30-300) 29°776| 29°935)| 1°77 | 7 || 74.3) 55-8 65-0) 8735) 49 |} — | W.
Aug. | 80°402| 29°126| 29°670|| 2°52 | 16 | 67-7|53-4/60°5| 77 | 47 | — | S.
Sept. | 30°548| 29°120| 29°717|| 4°30 | 14 || 60-9) 46-8) 53-8) 71 | 34 | — | N.E.

Oct. | 30°450, 28°810/ 29-780) 3°80 | 15 || 51:2) 40°7/45°9) 57 | 32 | 1) 8.
Noy. | 30°206) 28-858] 29°495)| 4°21 | 24 || 48-8) 38-5) 43°6) 62 | 25 | 6| S.
Dec. | 30°274| 28-588] 29°480]| 2°43 | 21 || 482) 38-5) 43°3| 64 | 32 | 1) 8S. W.

29°776| 27°18 |156 48.3 77

DIRECTION OF THE WIND.

N. 8. E. W. N.E. N.W. 8.E. 8. W.
25 83 17 35 70 18 65 52

The temperature of the year 1852 was nearly ‘8 of degree
above a mean of twenty years, being 48°3 against 47°5. Many
of the months have differed widely from their mean tempera-
ture, making nevertheless but a small amount of excess for the
whole year, as will be seen from the following statement.

COUNCIL FOR 1852. 13

Months of excess. ; Months of defect.
January .. .. ‘24 Moneh>...) 3. ° os. (12
February .. .. ‘O°4 Ae al ae ie “OR
ee ee ee May 2.5 ES
host 2G =i” herent aaa iy J
November .. .. 2°0 September .. .. O°4
December .. .. 4°4 October ice techs ER

Total excess 15°6 Total defect 6°4
6°4
12) 92

‘77 of a degree excess for the year.

The mean of the barometer was 29°776, being -119 below
that of 1851. The days on which rain fell were 156 against
136 of 1851. The amount of rain is correspondingly large,
being 27°18, an increase of 6°72 inches on last year, or 2°91 ;
above a mean of twenty years. Of this quantity only 8°15 fell
in the first six months, whilst in the last four there fell 14°74
inches. The rain of January was ‘63 above a mean. The
Holmfirth tragedy speedily followed this excess. The last
three months have been distinguished by devastating inunda-
tions in various parts of the country.

The range of the mercurial column has been extensive in the
year, from 30°828, March 6, to 28°588, Dec. 30, making a
difference of 2°24 inches. This depression in December was
accompanied by a violent storm from the N. W. and S.W.,
which deposited salt spray on the windows at York.

By the kindness of several correspondents and from other
sources, we present the following record of the rain fallen in
the several months of 1852, in a series of localities stretching
from east to west across the country, and touching Lancashire
in the S.W., and Kendal in the N.W. We have also con-
trasted the’ amount fallen in each place during the first six
months of the year with that of the last six months.

14 REPORT OF THE
a 5 ;
fos) * .
=) y : o Pa , sg Ord FI
e|3|é F 3 = 3 fias| 4 :
ro) S aS 3 a q ga o 3 c
e/Bl Ele le] e]/413814 (38/8121 4 | §
to) a 9 ~
BlalaleE}slale/Slela ja }ael)s} 2
Jan. 1°66 | 3°625| 3°22 | 1°82 | 2°35 | 3°379| 2°46 | 3°20 | 3:10 | 460 | 5°23 | 7:05 |10°804} 9°886
Feb. 2°53 | 1500} 1°14] 1°48 74 415} 1:08 | 1:00 | 1°40 | 2°51 | 5°63 | 3°98 | 6:264| 7:907
March "24 “500 57 "44 “47 "953 66 2:00 74) 111 ‘43 | 0°664} °210

April 1°12] *125| °34 *25 26 | ‘277; °18) °10 ‘10 | °28 27} =°31 | 0°320| 1°112
May 1°42 | 1°875| 1°95 78 87 | 1091) ‘91 “80 “80 *73 | 1°88 |. 1°39 | 3114} 4°052
June 3°65 | 4:000| 3°84 | 2°77 | 3-46 | 4:124| 3°95 | 350 | 5:10 | 4°55 | 5:23 | 3°92 | 6°338| 4984
July 43 | 1:250| 2°27 | 2°05 | 1°77 | 3°223] 2:29 | 2°30} 3°80 | 1:87 | 2:27 | 3:27 | 4350! 3°448
Aug. 2°97 | 3°375| 3°33 | 2°82 | 2°52 | 2°703) 1°84] 1°70 | 2°00 | 2°42 | 2-40 | 3°84 | 4926) 7°618
Sept. 4°60 | 6°000| 6°89 | 3°47 | 4:30 | 4°853| 3°71 | 3°40 | 3°80 | 3°58 | 5:24 | 2°42 | 3:030| 2°12]
Oct. 4:06 | 4°375| 431 | 2°98 | 3°80 | 2°564| 3:21 | 3°70 | 2°70 | 4:33 | 3°72 | 5:28 | 6°768) 3°668
Nov. 4°34 | 5:125| 6°25 | 4:33 | 4-21 | 4991] 5°82] 5:20 | 5°90 | 553 | 8:04 | 8°64 | 9:082) 7°582
Dec. 2°65 | 2:500|} 3°53 | 2°28 | 2°43 | 2°876| 2°64 | 3:10 | 2°80 | 3°78 | 4:85 | 7°98 | 9°728/12°766 |"

First VI|| 10°62 |11°625| 11:06 | 7°54 | 8°15 |10°239] 9°24 | 8°60 |1250 | 13:41 | 19°45 |17:08 |27:504 |28°151

29°67 |34:250| 37-64 | 25°47 [27°18 |31:449 | 28°75 | 28°00 | 33°50 | 34°92 | 45°97 | 48°51 |65°388 |65°354

t VI || 19°05 |22°625 | 26°58 | 17-93 | 19-03 |21:210}19°51 | 19°40 | 21°00 | 21°51 | 26°52 | 31°43 |37°884 |37-203

8°43 |11°000| 15°52 | 10°39 | 10°88 |10°971 | 10°27 | 10°80 | 8:50 | 8:10 | 7:07 | 14°35 |10°380} 9°052

Professor Phillips, at p. 152, &c., of his recent work on the
Rivers, Mountains, &c., of Yorkshire, has given much valuable
information regarding this part of the Natural History of our
County. We would gladly see an increased interest in these
investigations marked by an increase of intelligent observers.
The Yorkshire Philosophical Society forms a medium for col-
lecting and arranging such information. An inspection of the
foregoing table will rather point out the deficiencies in our
knowledge of the distribution of rain than satisfy us that
nothing more remains to be done. From the coast north of
Scarbro’, from the district of Cleveland, from the northern part
of the great plain of York, we have no information.

The Statements of Accounts, which follow, will fully explain
the condition of the Society’s financial arrangements ; and the
Council have pleasure in referring to the increased receipts, as
compared with 1851—at the Gates, at the Swimming Baths,
and in some other items, and to the fact that, notwithstanding
the admission of new members in 1852 has been considerably

COUNCIL FoR 1852. 15

. less than in 1851, the total annual expenditure of the Society
(ordinary and extra-ordinary) has been less than its income by
£54. 4s. ld. Nor will the satisfaction, which the Meeting
must feel at this favorable result, be diminished by closer
examination. The buildings are in good repair, the gardens
are kept in order and undergoing improvement, and the col-
lections in every department are continually expanding. Let
us hope that in future years, the advantages which the Society
now offers will be largely augmented, and that the peaceful
pursuits which it encourages will become more and more valued
in the large circle over which its beneficial action extends,
and from which it derives name, influence and support.

THE °

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1852.

@r. RECEIPTS.

1852. ee a
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 506 1 0
Admission of 7 New Members .... 35 0 0
Composition in lieu of Subscription 25 0 0
BD CIALOR: jc sy. [5 sidiaip's oinigne sw 0 'aiNis cle'y 7 00
Ladies’ Subscriptions.............. 38 0 =«0
TRO io cuca ak sinc Seen gtnnias « de whees, fete a oe
Money received at the Gate. eaidearste’s 187 16 7
Swimming Bath (deducting expen-

BOB) §: pn. boone Uvieg'e ts Sdagevesadee | 09 GO4ae
Keys of the Geter jan. keimes 30 5 0
Sale of Guide to re ning Spine Kea 22 3 0
Use of Tent ........ Aitkin akieose:s 2K 21 0 0

Total Income ......:. £1061 4 3
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........ £2000 0 0
Six Members at £50
CU Faw eacicees o's 300 0 0
Balance overdrawn
Messrs. Swann,
Clough, and Co.,
Jan. 1853 ........ 89 2 7
——_— 2389 2 7
£3450 610

Audited, Jan. 24th, 1853.

EXPENDITURE. Br.
1852. £.8d £. 38. 4
Crown Rent ............ 101
Rent to Corporation .... 53 8 0
Rates and Taxes ........ ll 9 8
Insurance & Water Rent 11 7 0
749
Salaries and Wages :
Keeper of the Museum 150 0 0
Sub-Curator .......... 100 0.0
PIGEVAI edie dc dothe vane 20 0 0
Lodgé Keeper ........ 200
Labourers ............ 167 18 0
Clerk and Collector.... 25 0 0
Attendant, Hospitium 600
488 18 0
Interest on Debt:
Insurance Company .. 63 2 1
BORkerasvi. seis ic. 53's 10 8 0
73:10 1
Museum, Gardens, &c. :
Painting and General
Repalts es. Lose chs 1138 6 5
Purchase and prepara-
tion of Specimen .. 31 0 4
Meteorological Instru-
ments, Observatory.. 814 6
153 1 3
Library, Books and Binding ...... 3016 3
Incidental Expenses :
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery ...... 39 16 9
Coals and Gas ........ 4215 0
Postage, Carriage, and
Sundries .......... 4110 0
124 1 9
Extraordinary Expenses:

House for Victoria Regia Lily.... 16 1 4
Publication of Guide to the Anti-
MIMAOR os 2... see eR gs Sakicet 43.6 9
Total Expenditure.... 1007 0 2
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company..........-

overdrawn
Messrs. Swann,
Clough, and Co.,

Dec. 31st, 1852 .... 1143 6 8

Total Debt of the coped
Dec. 31st, 1852........

J. P. PRITCHETT,

HENRY ROBINSON,

W. GRAY, TREASURER.

17

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1852.

1852.

Thomas Cooper, York.

C. W. Strickland, Malton.
William Anderson, York.
Thomas Camidge, York.
John Cressey, York.

1853.

John Pearson, Jun., York.

Harry Porter, York.

Admiral Robt. Mitford, Hunmanby.
Rey. Thomas Baily, York.

18

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FEB. Ist, 1853.

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the Yorkshire Philosophical Society beg to express to His
Grace the Duke of Northumberland, the sense which they entertain
of the valued service he has rendered to Antiquarian Science, by
directing the survey of Watling Street, from Catterick Bridge to the
extremity of Northumberland, and to offer their thanks for the
presentation of a copy of the finished Work.

3. That the thanks of the Society be presented to Mr. Wellbeloved,
for the care and diligence which he has manifested as Curator of
Antiquities for many years, and more especially for his Catalogue of
British, Saxon, and English Gold and Silver Coins, and of Stycas
found in York and near Bolton Percy.

4. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents,
and Members of Council retiring from Office, and to the Secretaries
and Curators, for their valuable services.

5. That the Council be empowered to authorize the holding one or
more Horticultural Meetings, in the Society’s grounds during the pre-
sent year.

6. That the Council be empowered, on certain days to be selected
by them during the present year, to permit free admission to all persons
to the Museum and Gardens, the mode of admission to be regulated by
the Council.

7. That the Council be empowered to admit Strangers during the
present year at the usual rates of payment.

8. That the Council be authorized to admit to the Museum and
Gardens, as temporary subscribers, any occasional Visitors to York
not residing in the County, at the rate of one pound for four Months
for themselves and families, but in no case shall such privilege be
granted for a longer period than twelye Months.

19

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS

1852.

January.—Wma. Procter, Esq.—On the Results attained by the
Yorkshire Antiquarian Club in the Excavation of Barrows.

Marcu.—Joun Puituips, Esq.—On a rare Marine Animal (Pria-
pulus caudatus) taken at Scarboro’.

Aprit.—Wm. Gray, Esq.—On Sarp Fors, a Waterfall in Norway.

JunE.—Joun Purutirs, Esq.—On a large Plesiosaurus (P. Zetlandi)
presented to the Museum by Lord Zetland.

Ocrosrr.—Rey. C. WELLBELovED.—On a Compotus of the sand
of St. Mary, York.

Novemper.—I. L. Hartt, Ese.—On the Extent of the Roman
Military Station, Eburacum.

Henry Betcner, Ese.—On the Discovery of an Antler of the
Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), near Whitby.

20

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Society, British Natural-His- ) Additional Fossils selected from the
COTY sese-cosescsoos cocssece Specimens obtained by the Collectors
of the Society in the Hampshire
Eocene Beds, including various land
and fresh-water species from the Isle
of Wight, and two entire examples
from Barton Cliff, of the great Wing-
shell (Rostellaria ampla), &c., &c.
Carroll, J. W., Esq. .......0. Oolite Fossils from Westow and Malton.
Cooke, Anthony, Esq., R.E. Remains of Holoptychius from the Coal
of Gilmerton, near Edinburgh. (See
page 8.)
Johnstone, Rev. Charles ... Fine Piece of Fossil Wood from Boltby,
and Ironstone, from Northampton.
Kilby, the Rev. Wn.,
( Wakafield ) ...0..ccccsees.
Mantell, Dr. ..........0..--- Bones of the Iguanodon from the
Wealden of the Isle of Weight. (See

Fine Specimen of Plagiostoma gigantea.

page 8.)

Maxwell, W. C., Esq. ...... Two slabs of New Red Sandstone, with
footmarks upon its surface. (See
page 8.)

Phillips, John, Esq. ......... Slab of Red Sandstone, with foot marks
upon its surface.

Wood, Edw., Esq.......s0++ Specimens of an undescribed Encrinite

on slabs of Mountain Limestone, from
the neighbourhood of Richmond. (See
page 8.)

Zetland, Earl of ............ Plesiosaurus (P. Zetlandi) from the Lias
of Lofthouse. (See page 7.)

MINERALOGY.
Chambers, C., Esq. ......... Iserine from the Banks of the Dee.

21

ZOOLOGY.

Society, British Natural-His- ) British Marine Shells, including Pleuro-

COTY ceccecsccsesecsccscevecs branchus plumula from Exmouth,

Thracia convexa and Natica solida,

dredged on the Irish Coast.

Allis, Thos., Esq. ............ A Skeleton of the Common Mole.

Dochon, Mr., ( Whitby) .... Carefully preserved Specimens of Star-

fish, (Ophiocoma rosula).

Ferguson, Thos. Esq., ) Two Specimens of the Great Pipe Fish

CRMC) ceiscisssires eenes (Syngnathus acus,) taken at Redcar.

Gould, John, Esq............. Specimen of Myochama, a rare Austra-
lian genus of Shells.

Leckenby, John, Esq. (Scar- ) Priapulus caudatus, taken alive on the

OPO) aascieacesoecteatves t Yorkshire Coast.

Meynell, Thos., Jun., Esq... Bulwer’s Petrel, Gorgonia verrucosa,
various Shells from Madeira.

A British specimen of Buccinum Hum-
phresianum, and the whole of his very
choice Collection of British Libellula.

Moore, 0. A., Esq. ........ A rare Species of Helix, from South
America.

Rudd, F. S., Esq. ............ Specimensof the Hebridal Smelt, Miller's
Top-knot, Anglesea-Morris, Argen-
tine and fifteen-spined Stickle-back,
from Redear.

Vernon, Lady ...... ....... Specimen of Ornithorhynchus.

ANTIQUITIES.

Airey, M., Esq................ Impression of the Seal of the Merchant's
Company, York, found at Temple
Sowerby, Penrith.

Browne, Mr. J. .....<00 ». A Stone from the Priory of Hartlepool,
curiously marked by the mason.

Dawney, Hon. Payan ...... Coin of William and Mary.

Graham, Mr. D. ............A Danish Coin.

Plows, Mr.....scssceseeeeesseee Portion of Portcullis of Micklegate Bar.

An Ancient Font, found in excavating

between Fossgate and Hungate at a
-place designated the “Holy Priest's
Well.”

22

Procter, Wm., Esq. ......... A Bone Ornament and Urns taken from
a Barrow at Hutton Cranswick, near
Driffield.

Wellbeloved, Rey. C. ....... A Seal of Kimmeridge Clay or Jet,
recently found in the first Water Lane,
near the Staith. SIGIL RICARDI
DE EBARCVM.

Several Roman Coins found in York.

GARDEN.

Shipton, Thos., Esq. ......... A Bag of Refuse—Saltpetre.
Simpson, Thos., Esq., M.D. A Collection of 70 Stove Plants.
Standish and Noble, Messrs.
(BAGO .. bis sicveSécees
Wood,John, Esq. (London) Fifty Papers of Seeds.

A valuable Series of new and rare Plants.

BOTANY.

Hailstone, Edw., Esq., ( Hor- ; :
ig Oe a A great number of Botanical specimens.

Meynell, Thos., Jun., Esq. Cone of Banksia.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Layton, Mr. ..ccccccsccerscoee A Bust.
Turner, Jno., Esq.or......+. .. A curious Carved War Club.
Wade, Mr. ..0i0:4-0500 veeceesee A curious antique Box which used to

contain the Charter, and Writings of
the York Merchant Tailors’ Company.

LIBRARY.

Association, British, for the
Advancement of Science
Association, HealthofTowns ) Report of the Committee on the Smoke

GU ssacseseuessguas eteaerr ese Nuisance.
Society, Royal,of Edinburgh Transactions of the Society, part 3,
yol. 20.

Report for 1851.

23

Proceedings of the Society, Session

1851 and 1852.
Astronomical Observations, vol. 10,

1844, 5, 6, 7.

Sei apa Goal onal tr 12
Society, Chemical ............ Journal for 1852.
Society, Literary and Philo-
sophical, of Manchester...
Society of Arts .........0e--- Lectures delivered before the Society

relating to the Great Exhibition.

Memoirs of, second series, vol. 9.

Society, Leicester Literary
and Philosophical .......+
Society, Historic, of Lan-
cashire and Cheshire......
Society,Geological,of London Quarterly Journal for 1852.
Government, British, by di- ) Magnetic and Meteorological Observa-
rection of .....++. coepidary tions made at MHobarton, Van
Diemens Island, vol. 11.
Northumberland, Duke of... Memoir by Henry Maclauchlan, during
a Survey of the Watling Street ‘from
the Tees to the Scottish Border, in
1850—51, accompanied by a Map.
Clark, Josh., Esq., (Cin- ) Cincinnati in 1821, by Chas. Cist.
CINNALL ) voeeseeee Ag? SEvR SS ene Catalogue of the Unios, Alasmodontes
and Anodontas of the Ohio River,
and its Northern Tributaries, adopted
by the Western Academy of Natural
Sciences of Cincinnati, 2 copies.
Ellesmere, Earl of............ Guide to Northern Archeology, by the
Royal Society of Northern Anti-
quaries of Copenhagen ; edited for
the use of English Readers by- the
Right Hon. the Earl of Ellesmere.
Hailstone, Edw., Esq. ...... 114 volumes of valuable Books, princi-
pally Botanical, including a complete
set of the Linnean Transactions, up
to 1851.
Menthe Britannic, by Wm. Sole.
Kenrick, Rey. John ......... Sharpe’s Egypt, under the Romans.
Londesborough, Lord ..,... An Account of the opening of some

Report, 1852.

Proceedings and Papers for 1852.

24

Tumuli in the East Riding of York-
shire.

Letter from Thomas Wright, Esq., to
Sir H. Ellis, on a leaden Tablet or
book Cover, with an Anglo-Saxon

Inscription.
Mantell, G. A., Esq. Notice of the discovery of a Specimen
(The Author) of Notornis, in the Middle Island of
* New Zealand.
Mayer, Joseph, Esq. ......... Thomas Sprott’s Chronicle of Profane
and Sacred History.

Meynell, Thomas, Jun., Esq. Tour into Derbyshire and Yorkshire.
Rickman’s Gothic Architecture.
Playfair’s Outlines of Natural Phi-

losophy.
Dillwyn’s Catalogue of Recent Shells.
Chevallier, Professor, Ephemeris of the Planet Hygeia, by
(The Author) Mr. Chevallier of the University of
Durham.
Phillips, John, Esq. ........ . A series of Publications of Foreign

scientific Societies, consisting of 51
parts or vols.
Playfair, Prof. Lyon Industrial Instruction on the Continent,
(The Author) being the Introductory Lecture for
the Session 1852 and 1853, delivered
at the Museum of Practical Geology.
Smith, C. Roach, Esq. ...... Proceedings of the Society of Anti-
quaries.

Report on Excavations made on the
site of the Roman Castrum, at Lymne,
in Kent, in 1850. By C. R. Smith,
F. 8, A.

Sorby, Hy. Clifton, Esq.) On the occurrence of Non-gymnos-
(The Author) permous Exogenous Wood, in the
Lias, near Bristol.
Wood, Jno., Esq. ............ Journal of the Horticultural Society of
London, 1852.

25

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (6 parts published).

Bell’s British Crustacea, (8 parts published).

Birds of Asia, folio, by John Gould, Esq., (4 parts published).

Doubleday and Hewitson’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, fol., col.
plates, 54 parts published, completing the work.

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Forbes and Hanley’s British Mollusca, 8vo. col. plates, (49 parts
published).

Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society, for 1848 and 9.

Publications of the Ray Society, (1852): A Monograph on the sub-
class Cirripedia, with figures of all the Species, by Charles
Darwin, F. R. S., &c. Bibliographia Zoologie et Geologie, by
Agassiz and Strickland, vol. 3.

Publications of the Palexontographical Society, for 1852. Fossil Corals
of Great Britain, part 3. Fossil Brachiopoda do., Tertiary and
Cretaceous Species. Fossil Shells of the London Clay, part 2.
Fossil Radiaria of the Crag and London Clay Formations.

Reliquis: Antique Eboracenses, by Wm. Bowman, (3 parts published).

Scientific Memoirs, edited by Richard Taylor, F. 8. A., (20 parts
published).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (13 parts pub-
lished).

Waterhouse’s Natural History of Mammalia, 8vo., col. plates, (2 vols.
published).

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published),

H, SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET, YORK,

MRE).

‘ei. ane cK gues ‘od
oly oP Ar enn ath Toe eyolunk
ot F tint} -yolingd rojall bus ite
(onc aaeeptiig toe. tener Rien
es 88} aadaly: doo .ove <o7io Mce c
‘pag, Tomas, Put, Mais, Puee,
@ big BABE eo ee aig
“aia ad. sta perinr Bi

sink Aa oe

2 3 Wier ood Lier} x

een ae lita ostt i 6 a r wia¥t to cinineyell barat .
Nay Spee Py) eet eke g ho a 'titte ui Oifrre

i oe i seh so

% Ft, ae pay ie <i “get Lak ae Ro ' ‘ <i
cs Bs, * ; | sass Micon

ideas”

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

FOR

MDCCCLIT.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

MDCCCLIII.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MERTING,

FEBRUARY, 1854.

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1854.

Ree eet
7

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D.D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
FRANCIS CHOLMELEY, ESQ., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F. R. 8.

PATRONESSES

Porkshirve Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1854.

PRESIDENT :

Earu Firzwituam, F.R.S.

VICE PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpgssoroucH, F.R.S.
Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.

Joun Puruips, F.R.S.

Rev. J. Kenrick.

Harry SrepHen THOMPSON.
Tuomas Mrynett, Jun., F.L.S.
JoHN Forp.

TREASURER :
Witiiam Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL:

Elected 1852....Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R.S.
Rey. R. B. Cooxs, F.G.S.
Rost. Daviess, F.S. A.
Tuomas ALLIS.

Elected 1853,...Francis CHOLMELEY.
Wma. FrepERicK Rawpon.
Rev. Wm. Hey.
O. A. Moore.

Elected 1854....THomas Barstow.
Wma. WHYTEHEAD.
Gero. DopsworrtuH.
Wm. Procter.

SECRETARY : °

Tuos. H. Travis.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

CURATORS :
MINERALOGY . . . . . . Proressor Puituips, F.R.S.
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY . . THOMAS ALLIS.
Forrten OrnitHotocy . . Txos. Mreynett, Jun., F.LS.
British OrnitHotogy. . . W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
InsEcTA AND CrusTACEA. . Rev. Wm. Hey.

ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT . Rev. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

Lisrary AND Manuscripts . Rev. J. Kenrick.

Tue Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
F.R.S.

OxssERVATORY & MetTEoroLoGy,|Prorressor Puiiures, F.R.S.
under the care of a Committee, Wm. Gray, F.G.S.
consisting of . . . . . |W. L. Newman, F.R.Ast.S.

JoHN Forp.
Rev. Wm. Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:
Epwarp CHARLESwoRTH, F.G.S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAINEgEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

FEB. 7TH, 1854.

AtrHoucH on former anniversaries the Council have congra-
tulated the Society on the retrospect of the preceding year, they
have seldom, if ever, been enabled to render a more satisfactory
account of its acquisitions than they have now the honour of
offering to the Annual Meeting.

In the Geological department, the Plesiosaurus, extracted
from the Lias Cliffs, south of Whitby, by Mr. Brown Marshall,
and liberally presented by Col. Cholmley, stands first in im-
portance on the list of donations. This fine specimen includes
the dentary portion of the lower jaw; a chain of 88 vertebra,
extending nearly 18 feet in length ; the pelvic, with other bones
of the trunk more or less crushed though but little displaced ;
the humeri and femora displaced ; and two paddles restored,
with bones which may perhaps be admitted to belong to the
extremities of this Plesiosaurus ; although restorations of this
kind are in general to be discountenanced, as being seldom
satisfactory to the comparative anatomist.

By a curious and happy coincidence the two Plesiosauri, now
in the Society’s possession, represent extremely opposite types
of form, in the relation which the developement of the head and
neck bears to the rest of the skeleton. In P. Zetlandicus
(Phillips) the head is the most bulky and the neck probably
the shortest of any known species; while in the Plesiosaurus

8 REPORT OF THE

now under consideration, it would appear that the head, judging
from what remains of the lower jaw, is reduced to the minimum
developement, and that the neck (most of the vertebree of which
have been removed and replaced) exhibits the maximum of
elongation.

The vertebral column displays many of the spinous processes
in situ, several of them being in an unusual degree of perfection,
and it is otherwise remarkable for exhibiting certain structural
peculiarities, which may probably prove this Plesiosaurus to be
Plesiosaurus Platyspondylus, a species discovered by Professor
Owen, since his report to the British Association in 1839.

Among other additions to the Geological Collection, may be
noticed a very singular xon-descript fossil body, from the lias of
Whitby, of which the nature has not yet been determined. To
Mr. Bunting, of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, the Society is
indebted for this specimen.

Several valuable fossils have been presented by the Committee
of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club. Of these, the most remark-
able is a large bivalve shell, from the Chalk, near Flambro’,
probably of the genus Inoceramus, but distinguished from any
known species by very peculiar and strongly marked characters.
Some important additions have likewise been made to the
tertiary collection, by the British Natural History Society; and
Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, has contributed another series of
choice Silurian fossils from America.

In other departments of the Museum, the following are
among the most important of the additions.

To Mr. Clark, whose name has already occurred in this
report as a liberal contributor, the Society are also indebted for
some specimens of North American freshwater shells, of great
interest, thus enriching our series of this beautiful group of
Mollusca to the extent of nearly one hundred species.

The same gentleman has also kindly undertaken to aid the
Keeper of the Museum, in the revision of the arrangement of
this portion of our Foreign collection, and is now preparing a
Catalogue, with notes, upon all the species of American shells
with which, from time to time, he has enriched the Society’s
Museum.

COUNCIL FOR 1853. 9

To the British Natural History Society we are also indebted
for the following valuable addition to our collection of British
Testaceous Molluscs, now rapidly approaching completion :

Natica delicoides.

Fusus Norvegicus.

» Turtoni.

Of these, the first is new to the collection, while the other two
are more perfect than our previous specimens; and all three
having been obtained on the Yorkshire Coast, namely, from
Staithes, they have the additional value of belonging to our
local Fauna.

Frederick Bell, Esq., of Thirsk, has kindly presented to the
Society, a specimen of the Great Auk, in excellent preservation.
From its extreme rarity, the specimen thus obtained is a very
valuable addition to the Rudston Collection of British Birds.

To the series of Comparative Anatomy no additions have
been made, but the Council are glad to be able to hold out a
hope, that the Curator of that department (Mr. Allis) will at
an early period complete a Catalogue of the specimens now
under his charge.

The Library has received several additions of interest and
value, amongst which the Council will only notice a few.

A Catalogue of Medieval rings, &c., in the possession of Lord
Londesborough, drawn up by T. Crofton Croker, Esq., presented
by Lord Londesborough.

The first and second numbers of Gould’s Humming Birds, by
Mr. Allis. The subsequent numbers of this beautiful and in-
structive work have been purchased by the Society.

Walker’s Astronomy and Geology, and also Walker’s Con-
tributions to Astronomy, &c., from the Board of Admiralty.

London Tradesmen’s tokens, from the London Guildhall
Library Committee.

Diagrams for Geology of Plants, from the British Association ;
Wylie’s Fairford Graves, from the Author; and Roman Roads
&c., between Tees and Swale, from the Archeological Institute.

The Council have also to announce the addition to the
Library of the Transactions and Proceedings of several learned
Societies.

10 REPORT OF THE

During the past year some very interesting papers have been
read at the Monthly Meetings of the Society. The Council are
glad to state, that a number of “ 'The Transactions of the York-
shire Philosophical Society,” will very shortly be published.

In the department of Antiquities, it is a subject of great satis-
faction, that the excavations which have been carried on, during
the past year, in various parts of the city and suburbs of York,
have brought to light many interesting relics of Roman times,
several of which have happily found a place in the Museum of
the Society. The most important of these is the beautiful
tessellated pavement, discovered in Toft Green; which, having
been presented to the Society by the Corporation, was carefully
removed, and has been skilfully and successfully transferred,
under the direction of a Committee, to the lower room of the
Hospitium. Another pavement, differing in its design, yet not
less beautiful though unfortunately less perfect, together with a
large portion of the border of a third, discovered at the same
time, in the immediate neighbourhood of the first, have also
been removed and deposited in the upper room of the Hospitium,
ready to be reconstructed whenever a proper place can be found
for that purpose. Beneath the first pavement, a small brass
coin was found, inscribed on the obverse DIVO CLAVDIO
(Gothico), and on the reverse CONSECRATIO, clearly shew-
ing that the work could not have been executed earlier than the
latter part of the third century of the Christian era.

The foundations of a Roman building, composed of large stones
of grit, one of which is placed in the Museum, were lately dis-
covered in Micklegate, near St. Martin’s Church ; determining,
as the Curator of Antiquities thinks, the site of the temple of
Serapis, re-built, as a tablet of the same material in possession
of the Society records, by the Legate of the sixth Legion Claudius
Hieronymianus.

The Society is indebted to Mr. Waddington for a deposit of
several interesting Roman remains, obtained from recent or
former excavations on the Mount. Among them is the
Sarcophagus on which is inscribed, in beautifully formed letters,
the memorial of Theodorianus by his mother Theodora. The
Museum of the Society now contains all the existing inscribed

COUNCIL FoR 18538. ll

Sarcophagi known to have been found among Roman remains
in York.

The Council, on some former occasions, have had to refer to
Floricultural and Horticultural Exhibitions, held in the Museum
Gardens during the preceding year. To these the Council still
look back with pleasure ; but it is with peculiar satisfaction they
have now to notice, that during the meeting of the Yorkshire
Agricultural Society in York, in August last, an Exhibition
of an entirely novel kind, was presented to the Members and
the Public, by the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. It was
described by the Council, in one of the programmes, to be
* An Exhibition of Plants, remarkable for variety, beauty, and
utility in the Arts, comprising living plants and preparations
of the parts most curious in structure, most instructive in
physiology, or most valuable in food, medicine, and the Arts.”

To enable them to effect an object of such importance, the
Council sought from every quarter likely to afford it assistance
and co-operation ; and from the Royal Gardens, Kew ; the Royal
Botanic Society’s Garden, Regent’s Park ; the Royal Society’s
Garden, Edinbro’; the Honourable the East India Company ;
the Apothecary’s Garden, Chelsea; His Grace the Duke of
Northumberland; Dr. Lindley; Professor Balfour ; Professor
Royle ; and numerous other parties, the Council received the
most friendly and valuable assistance, for which the Society is
under lasting obligation.

The result fully justified the most sanguine anticipations of
the Council, as to the success of the Exhibition ; and the Council
point with pleasure to the Appendix to this Report, containing
a detailed account of the specimens exhibited, and an accurate
list of the numerous friends who kindly rendered their valuable
aid on this occasion.

Observations on the thermometer and barometer have been
kept up through the year, and the results have been exhibited
in the vestibule of the Museum. Observations have been kept
up on the transit instrument, which, with the clocks, is in a
satisfactory state.

12

REPORT OF THE

The following Meteorological Registrar has been received
from Mr. Ford, to whom the Society has been indebted on many
former occasions for similar annual statements.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1853.

BAROMETER. THERMOMETER.
ee ie
-| Boo|] os
3 4 j RAIN. © g % 8 q 8 ¥ ae ale
1 ie th Bel68| & |2) 8 lee] BE
) S = og S48 gq | 8) 6 lize &
is 4 4S “5 o oi¥
Inches.|Days a
Jan, | 80°282/ 29:056) 29°547|| 1:94 | 22 || 48°8] 34:0} 38-9 | 51:5] 28-5); 12 || S.
Feb. | 80°392) 28°888) 29°641|| 2°51 | 24 || 86:8) 26:0} 31:4 |48°5}12:0]| 23 || N. W.
Mar. | 30°276} 29°440) 29°850)| 1°38 | 14 || 42°4) 29-4) 35-9 |50°5} 22-0!) 23 || N.
April | 30°346} 29:026/ 29-°729]| 1-46 | 18 || 55-7) 38°1) 46-9 |62 | 28 6 || N.
May | 30°380| 29°594) 29:902)) °77 | 5 || 58°7) 41:1) 49:9 |72. | 31 1 || E.
June | 30°266} 29°500) 29°772|| 2:48 | 13 || 65-8) 61:0} 58-4 |72°5)43 || — || S.
July | 30°210/ 29:014) 29-742}, 2°51 | 16 || 65°9| 52:2) 59°0 |73 | 45 || — || W.
Aug. | 80°420} 29°086; 29°851|| 1:23 | 10 || 65:0) 60°5) 57°7 |71 {41 || — || V.
Sept. | 30°512) 28°768} 29°871|| 2°20 | 12 || 59-3) 47-0} 58-1 (65 |37 || — || N.E.
Oct. | 30-082! 29°114} 29°581|| 3-03 | 20 || 53-8| 43-2! 48:5 |61 | 31 2) E.
Nov. | 30°516| 29°693} 29:947]| 2°05 | 11 || 48-2) 33°5) 88°3 |}54 |22 || 14 || V.
Dec. | 30°523) 29-422! 29°919|| +77 | 14 || 37:0) 29°8} $34 |50 |15 |} 20 || N.
29.778)| 22°33 174 45°95 101
DIRECTION OF THE WIND.
N. 8. E. W. N.E. N.W. S.E. S.W.
41 51 30 33 63 58 54 35

The year 1853 has been the coldest experienced at York for
more than twenty years, with the exception of 1838, which was

about one-tenth of a degree colder.

The temperature of 1838

was 45°83, that of 1853 45°95.

COUNCIL FoR 1858. 13

The following table exhibits the months of excess and defect
respectively.

Excess. Defect.
As ae LI wetraary i. =: - 503) O6
A ic ikke S42 8 March Use aes “AS
ML cs, nek cea. exe Oe MAW ett eae fist dee O
Wenner: et dees Li SU ns as ver oes} ee

a August’ 63.4, .cii. 2B
6-7 September.. .. .. Ll
November... .. .. 3:3

December... .. .. 55

25°9

67

12)19°2

Defect for the whole year .. 1°6

The rain of 1853 was 22°33 being 1:94 inches below a mean
of twenty years, and 4°85 below that of 1852, and yet the days
on which rain fell were 174 in 1853, against 156 of 1852. <A
snow-storm commenced in the evening of the 10th of February,
and it was not till the 28th of March that the white robe of
‘ winter was withdrawn; the average minimum temperature
during the whole of that period was below the freezing point.
Thunder and lightning were of rare occurrence throughout the
year. A single flash and a long heavy peal burst over York,
amidst intense darkness, on the afternoon of March 15.

The Gentiana verna, a beautiful native of Teesdale, of re-
markably regular habits, was in full blow on the 17th of May,
fully two weeks later than its mean time in the latitude of York.

One thunder storm is noted June 6th, one July 22nd. The
first two weeks of August, so uniformly marked by electric ex-
plosions at York, were entirely free this year. Lightning was
seen on the evening of September Ist, and a magnificent auroral
arch spanned the heavens, on the evening of the 2nd.

By the kindness of correspondents and from other sources,
we have obtained accounts of the fall of rain from the following
places :

14 REPORT OF THE
¢|/8] 5 € 2 |¢ g
s, = a i) : 5 S cS) S 3S
Fle Ele + ee) el etal] el 3
es er Bin a aes ee ed a a - e e — O e
Jan. | 3:00 | 2:50 | 2-92 | 1:94] 2:03 | 3:00 | 2-40 | 4:84 4°78 | 7°69
Feb. | 2°02 | 1:82 | 4:09 | 2:51 | 1:28} 0-40] 1:20 | 1°61 1:34 | 1:80
Mar. | 1:38 | 1-75 | 1°58 | 1:38] 1:70 | 0:90 | 2-00 | 1:84 2:54 | 1°67
April | 1:50 | 1:18 | 1:90 | 1-46 | 1:28 1:20 | 2-92 1:09 | 3-40
May | 1:75 | 1:47 | 0°76 | 0-77 | 3:09 2-40 | 1:03 0:24 | 0°77
June | 3:00 | 2°89 | 2:90 | 2:48 | 2°77 3°50 | 3°88 4°47 | 4:24
July | 2:12 | 3:02] 3:19 | 251] 2°36 2°30 | 2:24 | 2:56 | 3°73 | 5-19
Aug. | 1:25 | 1°82 | 2:01 | 1:23] 1:36 180 | 2°53 | 1:16 | 2:57 | 2-95
Sept. | 1:50 | 1:53 | 2:84] 2:20] 2:07 2:80 | 384] 3:18] 4:05 | 4:85
Oct. | 3:13 | 3:26 | 3:66 | 3-03] 3-09] 3:20] 3:40] 4:59] 310 | 3:54] 6-59
Nov. | 2°37 | 204] 2°57 | 2:05 | 1:78 | 220 | 2:00 | 2-45} 1:35 | 2-74 | 5-82
Dec. | 2°50 | 1:14 | 116] +77 | 1:02] 0:50] 0:80] 1:28} 1-29 | 0-60 | 0-89
Total | 25-52 |24-42 |29°58 | 22-33 | 23:80 25°80 | 33-00 31:69 | 45°86

The appointment of Professor Phillips to the Deputy-Reader-
ship of Geology, in the University of Oxford, (which requires
his presence in Oxford for six months in each future year,) has
obliged him to resign the office of joint secretary of the Society,
which the Council do not propose to fill up, Mr. Travis having
kindly undertaken to perform, for the present, the duties of
Secretary alone.

The Council have great pleasure in stating that they have
* obtained Professor Phillips’ sanction to the proposal of his name
as one of your Vice-Presidents, and they feel assured, that in
this capacity he will still afford the same valuable assistance on
all occasions as heretofore, and that his absence from York, for
a part of each year, will in nowise diminish his interest in every
thing that affects the credit and welfare of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society.

The ordinary income of the Society has exceeded its ordinary
expenditure by £102 12s. 7d. The extraordinary net receipts
(from the Exhibition) were £153 6s, 10d.; and the extraordinary

COUNCIL FoR 1853. 15

expenditure of the year will be found to have been £110 13s. 9d.
The Swimming Bath receipts have not this year equalled their
usual amount; but with this exception the receipts at the
gates, from new members, and from almost every other source
of income, are greater than in 1852. Thus the total income
exceeds the total expenditure of the year by £145 ds. 8d., which
has enabled the Society to pay off a balance of £89 2s. 7d.,
due to their Bankers on the Ist January, 1853, and has left
a sum of £56 3s. 1d., to the Society’s credit on the Ist January,
1854.

During the past year the Council have to lament the death of
Richard John Thompson, Esq., of Kirby Hall, one of the
Trustees of the Society, in whom the Society have lost a liberal
friend and patron; Mr. Thompson kindly cancelling the debt
of £50 due to him from the Society.

After this review, whether the Council point to the rare
acquisitions of the Society, in the Geological and Antiquarian
departments, or to the instruction and gratification afforded to
thousands during the Exhibition in August last, they trust they
may fairly derive from the past year the strongest assurance that
the peculiar objects of the Institution are becoming each year
more and more appreciated, and that an increasing sympathy in
those objects, thus awakened, may lead to the further prosperity
of the Society, and extend its sphere of usefulness.

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1853.

Gr. RECEIPTS.

1853. £. 8s. ad.
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 524 1 0
Admission of 12 New Members.... 60 0 0
Composition in lieu of Subscription 25 0 0
DABBLE nies orens odie de $e ness oes 7°O. 0
Ladies’ Subscriptions ........... 53 0 0
FEGVR Fs. opicde sPic ances ina ae esis » 118318 8
Money received at the Gute. ge aye 200 5 6
Swimming Bath (deducting expen-

BOE) \n caicicevewsepons PE ee 4812 4
Keys of the Gates .............005 3615 0
Sale of Guide to Antiquities ...... 21.7. 6
Temporary Subscribers....... dees 300
Donation from W. E. ...........++ 5 0 0

en Thomas Allis, Esq., for

purchase of Gould's Humming

BOIEUS eS 5 vs 2a NPs olg rida Cos je'e’ wecod 6 6 0
Uae Of Dene Aoi. waisice Lesited cee oeus 7 0.0
Exhibition — Nett Brocents. Peake 153 6 10

Total Income ....../. £1264 12 10
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........ £2000 0 0
Five Members at £50
COON eos teen wee een 250 0 0
2250 0 0
Balance in hands of
the Treasurer .... 53 1
‘ a
Total Debt of the So-
ciety, Jan., 1854 2193 16 11

Surplus of Income,

RODS i505 < vi cbihas 145 5 8

Debtdue R. J. Thomp-

son, Esq., cancelled
DY HU sseccyssme 50 0
195 5 8
£2389 2 7

6th Feb., 1854, Audited by us,
ROBT. DAVIES,
HENRY ROBINSON.

EXPENDITURE. Dr.
1853. £8 a £5. 4
Crown Rent ........ pacer ad O20
Rent to Corporation .... 53 8 0
Rates and Taxes ........ 514 2
Insurance and WaterRent 11 7 0
—— 719 2
Salaries and Wages:
Keeper of the Museum 150 0 0
Sub-Curator ...... «-.. 100 0 0
Servant’. sec. weld. 20 0 0
Lodge Keeper ........ 20 0 0
Labourers ....... ----- 16015 O
Clerk and Collector 25 0 0
Attendant, Hospitium 6 0 0
—— 48115 0
Interest on Debt :
Insurance Company ............ 7713 4
Museum, Gardens, &c.:
General Repairs ...... 185°.7 .2
Purchase and prepara-
tion of Specimens .. 48 0 2
183 7 4
Library, Books and Binding ...... 4913 8
Incidental Expenses :
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery ...... 31 4 6
Coals and Gas ........ 52 4 3
Postage, Carriage, and
PUTOFIOG o's, s'e.s o's 61 6 2
—- 1441411
Extraordinary Expenses:
Weatherley, for remoy-
ing Pavement ...... 7 3 5
Balance against the So-
ciety on Sale of Steam
Engine ...... ieee 4010 4 -
11013 9
Total Expenditure .....0...0..0e0 1119 7 2
Surplus of annual Income ...... - 14 5 8
TotalIncome ........ 1264 12 10
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ...... «ss 2000 0 0
Due to Six Members
£50 each .......... 300 0 0
Overdrawn Messrs.
Swann and Co..... 89 2 7
Total Debt of Society,
Ist Jan., 1853 ........ 2389 2 7

£2389 2 7

WILLIAM GRAY, Treasvren.

17

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1853.

1853.

Col. Tower, York.

Andrew Montagu, Melton Park.
Thomas Graham, York.

Michael Varvill, York.

James Scawin Tonge, York.

J. G. Smyth, M.P., Heath Hall.
Major John Norman, York.
Richard Holden, York.

Thomas Phillips, York.

1854.

Michael Charlton, York.

18

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FEB. 7ru, 1854.

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the thanks of the Meeting be gratefully offered to Donors
of Specimens, and all who assisted The Yorkshire Philosophical
Society in the Exhibition in August, 1853.

3. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents,
and Members of Council retiring from Office, and to the Secretaries
and Curators, for their valuable services,

4, That the Council be empowered to authorize the holding one or
more Horticultural Meetings, in the Society’s grounds during the pre-
sent year.

5. That the Council be empowered, on certain days to be selected
by them during the present year, to permit free admission to all persons
to the Museum and Gardens, the mode of admission to be regulated by
the Council.

6. That the Council be empowered to admit Strangers during the
present year at the usual rates of payments.

7. That the Council be authorized to admit to the Museum and
Gardens, as temporary subscribers, any occasional Visitors to York
not residing in the County, at the rate of one pound for four Months
for themselves and families, but in no case shall such privilege be
granted for a longer period than twelve Months.

19

COMMUNICATIONS

OF THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS

1853.

JANUARY.— WILLIAM Procter, Esq.—On some Antiquities lately
added to the Museum.

OctopeR.— Tuomas Aus, Esq.—On Reparation of Injury to the
Bony Structure of Vertebrated Animals.

NovemBeR.—Sami. ANDERSON, Esq.— Letter and Drawing of
a remarkable Flint Instrument.

20

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Bell, —, Esq. ........+00+-- Specimen of Fossil Wood.
Bunting, Edwd., Esq., Very remarkable nondescript Fossil’

(Mansfield, Notts.) ...... Body, from the Lias of Whitby.
Cholmley,Col.,(Howsham) A Plesiosaurus from the Lias of Whitby.
(See page 7.)

Clarke, J ane Esq., (Cin- ) Various Silurian North American
COMMITS) nks's :bcnee te ap ced ates * Fossils.

Fox, Rev. T. i. Land wees Lias Nodule from Whitby, having a
curious resemblance to the human
foot.

Johnstone, Rey. Canon...... Specimens of a very interesting unde-
termined Bivalve, from the Oolite of
Hambleton Hill. ;

Club, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Star-fish, from the Calcareous Grit of
Newton Dale, and Two Specimens of
a remarkable undescribed Bivalve
from the Yorkshire Chalk.

Society, BritishNatural-His- ) Fossils from the Crag and other Tertiary

CORY | cagiabaotsains «i ceewenoinn Formations.

ZOOLOGY.

Barstow, Lieut., R.N........ A young Turtle from Ascension, and a
Horned Chameleon from Fernando
Po.

Bell, Fred., Esq. ............ SpecimenoftheGreat Auk. (Seepage 9.)

Carpenter, Rev. P., ( War- ) Shell of Spirula, displaying the internal
TENGIOW J" dascssvesesoosesss Septa.

Clarke, Joseph, Esq., (Cin- ) A series of American Land and Fresh-
CHANGE ) roccerscarecesscoecee water Shells, including Unio spinosus,
and other rare species.

Specimens of the seventeen year Locust
(Cicada septemdecem).

21

Head of a very singular Fish from the

Ohio, (Platyrostra edentula).
Munby, Giles, Esq. ......... A Sand Grouse and Heron from Africa.
Society, British Natural-His- Natica helicoides, from Staithes, and

tory. several other rare species of British
Shells.
ANTIQUITIES. |
Bell, —, Esq., (Norton) ... A Fragment of an inscribed Medixval
Stone.

Buckle, Jno., Esq., (Riggs) Celt found at Pocklington.
Coin of Trajan, found on the Manor

Shore, 1829.

Clarke, Joseph, Esq., (Cim- ) Series of Antique Flint American

CUNEATE) 5 00 corstsnensde <bosee Arrow Heads.

Goldie, George, Esq., (Shef- Fourteen Impressions of foreign Seals.

Kendrick, Jas., Esq., M.D. Sulphur Casts of Two Ancient Chess
Men, found in excavating the Moat
Hill, Warrington, and Impression of
Seal.

Price, Thomas, Esq. ......... Small Roman Coin, found in a Stone
Coffin at Clementhorpe.

Whytehead, Rev. Robt. ... Roman Urns, found on Spalding Moor.

GARDEN.

Hague, Barnard, Esq. ...... Packet of Chinese Hemp Seed, with a
specimen of the fibre.

Oldfield, Joshua, Esq. ...... Four Loads of Manure.
Templeman, 8., Esq., ..... Ninety Sorts of Seeds, from the Botanic
Garden.
Wood, John. Esq. .......4 A Package of Seeds.
BOTANY.
Clarke, Joseph, Esq.......... A Collection of Plants made in the

vicinity of Cincinnati.

22

MISCELLANEOUS.
Fox, the Rev. T. H. Lane... A Walking Stick, made of the Tusk of
the Narwhal.
Russell, Lady Frankland, ) Casts in Plaster from Autographs and
(Thirkleby Park) ...... Devices, cut by former distinguished
Prisoners on the Walls of Rooms and
Cells in the Tower of London.
Whytehead, Rev. Robt...... A Caffrarian Musical Instrument.
LIBRARY.
Admiralty, Board of......... Contributions to Astronomy and Geo-

desy, second series, forming part of
vol. 21, of the Memoirs of the Royal
Astronomical Society. By Thomas
Maclean, Esq., F. R. A. 8.
Astronomical Observations made at the
Royal Observatory, in 1851, under
the direction of Geo. Biddell Airey,
Esq., M.A.
Association, British, for the ) Report for 1852, Diagrams for the
Advancement of alent Geography of Plants.

Cee, eee oe London Tradesmen’s Tokens.

brary, (London) ...ceve0 :
Government, British, i Observations made at the Magnetical
direction Of ......0c0.c+000 and Meteorological Observatory, at

Toronto in Canada, vol. 2, 1843, 4, 5.

°, é, aD ] H e
Société, D’ Emulation Memoires, 1849, 50, 51.

GC A DDOVIG | sss chassese=cens
Society, of Antiquaries, of ) Proceedings of, Nos. 18 to 35, vol. 2,
A OROOR 05s c0n0 +e wiasime teies e: and List of Members.

Archxologia or Miscellaneous Tracts
relating to Antiquity, vol. 33, part 1
and 2; vol. 34, part 1 and 2; and

vol. 35, part 1.

Society, Chemical,of London Journal for 1853.
Society, Cornwall, Royal

Polytechnic «........s666

Society, Historic, of Cheshire Proceedings and Papers, 1852 and 1853.

ae Report, 1852.

23

Society, Numismatic,
London ...

Charlesworth, “Edward, Esq. Lea’s Synopsis of the Family of Naides.

Chambers, Messrs., (Hdin- Memoir of the Right Hon. Sir J. Sinclair,

ef a List of Members, 1852.

burgh) ssereoeee decccesssees Bart., with an account of his writings
and personal exertions.
Clarke, Joseph, Esq.......... Catalogue of Flowering Plants and

Ferns, in the vicinity of Cincinnati.

Haldeman, S. 8., Esq., A.M. ) Elements of Latin Pronunciation, for
(The Author) the use of Students.

| Crypto-Cephalinarum Borealis Americe
Diagnoses.

Descriptions of North American Co-
leoptera, chiefly in the Cabinet of
I. 8. Le Conte, M.D., with refer-
ences to described Specimens, and
history and transformations of Cory-
dalus Cornutus.

Kendrick, Jas., Esq., M.D. Description of Two Ancient Chessmen,

discovered in the Moat Hill, Warring-
ton, with Lithographs, &c.

gop anarts } The Religious Houses of Yorkshire.

Leidy, Joseph, Esq., M.D. Internal Anatomy of Corydalus Cor-

nutus, in its three stages of existence.

Londesborough, Lord ....... Catalogue of a collection of Ancient

and Mediwval Rings, and Personal
Ornaments, formed for Lady Londes-
borough.

Land, ——. secsceovetoccescovess Leak on English Money.

Museum Meadianum and a Catalogue
of Coins, Antiquities, and Relics.

Thompson, R. I., Esq. ....... Principles of Human Physiology, by

W. B. Carpenter, F. R.8.

Warren, Saml., Q.C., F.R.S. ) The Intellectual and Moral Development
(The Author ) of the present Age.

Wood, John, Esq............. Journal of the Horticultural Society of

London, 1853.

Wylie, W. M., Esq., B. A. ) Fairford Graves, a Record of Researches

(The Author) in an Anglo-Saxon Burial Place in
Gloucestershire.

24

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R.S., (6 parts published).

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (6 parts published).

Bell’s British Crustacea, (completed).

Birds of Asia, folio, by John Gould, Esq., (6 parts published).

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Forbes and Hanley’s British Mollusca, 8vo. col. plates, (completed).

Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society, for 1850.

Publications of the Ray Society, (1852): A Monograph on the sub-
class Cirripedia, with figures of all the Species, by Charles
Darwin, F. R.8., &c. Bibliographia Zoologia et Geologie, by
Agassiz and Strickland, vol. 3.

Publications of the Paleontographical Society, for 1853. Fossil Corals
of Great Britain, part 4. Fossil Brachiopoda, part 4. Fossil
Shells of the Chalk, part 1. Mollusca of the Great Oolite, part 2.
Mollusca of the Crag, part 3. Fossil Reptilia, part 4.

Reliquize Antique Eboracenses, by Wm. Bowman, (3 parts published).

Scientific Memoirs, edited by Richard Taylor, F. 8. A., (20 parts
published).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (13 parts pub-
blished).

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

25

APPENDIX

CONTAINING A

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

EXHIBITION OF PLANTS, &c.,

IN THE MUSEUM GARDENS, YORK, AUGUST 1853.

Northumberland, His Grace
the Duke of ........-s0ee0

Fitzwilliam, Earl ............. A Collection of above 100 Ferns.

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Cut specimens of interesting Plants
CKeeww:) . sspcs sacks owechid used in the Arts and for Food.

Balfour, Dr., the Royal Bo- :

A Collection of Tropical Fruits.

Specimens of the Cocoa-nut Palm, Wax

tanic Garden, (Ldin- Palm, &c. &c.

burgh) . soe ds
The Hon. Bast Jodie oe A large Collection of Gums, Resins,
pany, (per Prof. Royle) Silks and Fabrics, Vegetable Oils,
&c., being @ donation to the York
School of Medicine and the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society.
The Apothecaries’ Company A Collection of Medicinal Plants.

Laas gapdielidanaemiaetta A large Collection of curious Plants,

(Regent's Park,) through and above 200 Grasses.

R. Marnock, Esq. «22.000.
Lindley, Dr. ............+0e06. Original specimens of the Touzelle
Wheat, Parasitical Loranthi, &c. &c.
Embleton, T., Esq., (Middle- ) A Collection of interesting Plants,
ton Hall, near Leeds) ... amongst them the Exogonium purga,
(The Jalap), Copaifera Balsaminea,
&e. &e,

26

Allis, Thos., Esq. ............ A Collection of 100 Ferns, amongst
them Dicksonia antarctica, Dipla-
zium Seramporense, Marattia Kaul-
fusia, Cibotium Shiedii, &c.

Pease, J., Esq. (Darlington) A fine Collection of Stove and Green-
house Plants.

Moore, O. A., Esq. ......... Collection of curious Seeds and Seed-
vessels,

Waterhouse, John, Esq., ) Fabrics from Pine Apple leaf fibre, from

(Habifar) siivcnssceoctveiis Manilla.

Russell, Lady Frankland... Specimens of Peat Charcoal prepared
for sanitary and agricultural pur-
poses.

Pulleine, the Rev. R.- «-..,. Various Fabrics from the Vegetable
Kingdom, and 75 Varieties of Wheat.

Creyke, the Ven. Archd.... Box of Fruit from China.

Stinpeon, De: Bass aeccks Portfolio of Ferns gathered in Madeira.

Bould, T., Esq. ............... Several Varieties of Cotton in different
stages of manufacture.

Marshall and Co., Messrs. Specimens of New Zealand Flax, with

(Leeds)... wiececsdevecscsses common Flax and Hemp in various
stages of manufacture.

Barber, J . Esq. (Tang Hall) Large specimens of Orange Trees, &c.

Vitch, Messrs., (Hweter)... Specimens of rare Cones, from various

Countries.
Preston, H., Esq. (Moreby) Flowering Stem of the large American
Aloe.
Briggs, Mr. J., (Pavement, ) Specimens of Tobacco, Snuffs, Cocoas,
York) Teas, Starch, &c.
Tuke, 8., Esq. ............... Collection of specimens of Teas, Cocoas,

&e.
Fisher and Holmes, Messrs.
( Wandsworth erry | 100 species of Coniferous Trees, &c.
Sheffield) 022+ seeapassnges
Backhouse and Son, Messrs. Collection of various Plants.
Bainbridge and enema
Messrs.. :
Rollingson and Postings:
Messrs. :
Stark, Mr., ¢ Mieuindas
Edinburgh) ..qiseosesvase

Collection of Fuchsias.
at Cephalotus follicularis, &c.

Collection of Alpine Plants.

27

Marley, Mr., (Darlington) Three species of Drosera and other
British Plants.
Richardson & Dennis, Mes- ) Specimens of Roots, Barks, Extracts,
srs., (King Street, York) &e.
Holden, Mr., (Pavement, ) 200 specimens of Drugs, &c., from the
OUND “sisciseravesknavsvane Vegetable Kingdom.

Aeoenshed
13 MAR 1886

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET, YORK.

“Biv, i Ae Bags

4

RAD tune bihiedles tae fins
? faba 4 b peer yy cre anata

ituswedl fatale Paws take

tedden Khowt Fame ihe ed
Wiha ae boron ,

uo epocie af Carine !

him | £ Perth bt a

tinal sisod: Avi, ihe
’ erie ‘aul i chinaail r
WS Wigathiae beh aby quitin ap re.

i alt vey By

Main
iuek: my f
‘ ney

oe

Morkshire Whilosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

MDCCCLIV.

Any of the Society’s Annual Reports from 1825 to
1853 inclusive, with the exception of 1826 and 1843,
-tmay be had by Members, free of cost, upon application,
during 1855, to the Assistant Secretary at the Museum.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLIV.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1855.

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1855.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D.D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.RB.S.

PATRONESSES

¥orkshirve Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1855.

PRESIDENT :
Eary Firzwitiiam, F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpEssoroucnH, F.R.S.
Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.

Joun Puitures, F.R.S.

Harry SterpHeN THOMPSON.
Joun Forp.

Henry B. CHOLMELEY.

Cuas. W. STRICKLAND.

Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R.S.

TREASURER:
Witiiam Gray, F.G.S.

ne

COUNCIL :

Elected 1853....FRANcis CHOLMELEY (deceased).
Wo. Freperick Rawpon.
Rey. Canon Hey.
O. A. Moore.
Elected 1854....THomas Barstow.
Wma. WHYTEHEAD.
Gro. DopswortH.
Wo. Procter.
Elected 1855, ...W. ANDERSON.
Rev. Tuos. Bayty.
Rey. Tos. Myers.
Joun KitrcHine.
Dr. Laycock.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY,

SECRETARIES :

Rev. J. Kenrick.
Tuos. ALLIs.

St

ASSISTANT SECRETARY :

Epw. CHARLESWORTH.

CURATORS :

MINERALOGY . ‘
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY
British ORNITHOLOGY
INsECTS AND CRUSTACEA .
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LipraRyY AND MANUSCRIPTS .

OxsERVATORY & METEOROLOGY,
under the care of a Committee
consisting of .

Prorsssor Puiruirs, F.R.S.

Tuomas ALLIs.

W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.

Rev. Canon Hey.

Rev. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

Rev. J. Kenrick.

Tue Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
F.R.S.

Proressor Putituips, F.R.S.

Wan. Gray, F.G.S.

. |W. L. Newman, F.R. Ast.8.

JoHN Forp.

\Rzv. Canon Hey.

oe

KEEPER OF T

HE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHARLESworRTH, F.G.S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE

Henry

MUSEUM & GARDENS :

BAINEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 6TH, 1855.

Tue Report which the Council have now to lay before the
Annual Meeting, though not in all respects so favourable as
that of the preceding year, nevertheless presents no features
which ought to create misgiving as to the stability and per-
manent well-doing of the Society. The additions to the
collections possess considerable interest, and the number of
visitors to the gardens remains undiminished, except by the
absence of excursion trains, which have during the past year
afforded no influx of strangers. The only discouraging feature
in the condition of the Society is the small number of new
members who have been recently admitted. To this circum-
stance reference will be made in a later part of the Report.

Many valuable additions have been made during the past
year. to the Collections in Natura History.

During a visit to Ely in the summer, the Keeper of the
Museum purchased a very interesting series of Saurian Bones
and Teeth from the Kimmeridge Clay of that neighbourhood,
including remains of three genera, Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus
and Pliosaurus. The teeth of the last named genus, of which
there are several in the Collection, are very peculiar, and they
form an important acquisition, no other examples probably
existing in the Museums of the North of England. Accom-
panying these Saurian remains were many specimens of the -

8 REPORT OF THE

curious and problematical fossil body known as the Aptychus or
Trigonellites of Parkinson. Being free from any investing
matrix they are more valuable to the Palontologist than the
Yorkshire examples of this fossil previously in the Museum,
from the Oolite Quarries at Malton.

In local Geology the Collection has been enriched with a
splendid example of the Lepidotus semiserratus, or “scale fish”
of the Whitby Fossil-Dealers. This fish, along with many other
choice Lias fossils, has been obtained in exchange for the Society’s
spare duplicates of Foreign Shells, the duplicates consisting
almost entirely of specimens that have accumulated from the
successive contributions of Mr. Joseph Clark of Cincinnati,
with whose cordial approval the exchange in question has been
carried out.

Mr. Hailstone has presented the Museum with a Saurian
Vertebra from the Lias of Whitby, exhibiting a very remark-
able structural peculiarity, the area of one of its articulating
surfaces considerably exceeding that of the other. The Society
is also indebted to Mr. Robt. Atkinson for a very fine speci-
men of fossil wood from the Lias of the Coast. Various additions
have been made to the general Geological Collection from the
British Natural History Society, among the most important of
which are a series of choice fossils from the Magnesian Lime-
stone of Humbleton Hill, Durham, and a collection of specimens
illustrating the fossils of the upper green sand in the neighbour-
hood of Cambridge.

At the meeting of the British Association held at Liverpool,
in September last, the Keeper of the Museum gave a description
of two fossils in the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, which are believed to be unique. One of these, a new
species of Saurian from Whitby, he described under the name
Teleosaurus ischnodon,* and to the other, a new fossil Quad-
ruped from Herne Bay, he gave the name Platycheropst
Richardsonii.

On the same occasion he was able to lay before the Associa-
tion some highly important additional evidence relating to the

* Ischnodon, feeble-tooth. + Platycherops, wide-faced Hog.

COUNCIL FoR 1854. i)

occurrence of the remains of Mammalia in the Oolitic strata at
Stonesfield, a subject of special interest to the members of this
Society, from the circumstance that a fossil in our Museum,
obtained from those strata,* occupies so prominent a place in a
controversy upon this subject made famous by its association
with the names of Owen, Agassiz, De Blainville, and other dis-
tinguished authorities in the field of Paleeontological science.

In the Zoological department of the Museum, the Council
have again to notice the continued interest in the prosperity of
the Society taken by Mr. Clark of Cincinnati. The suite of
North American Shells due to the liberality of Mr. Clark, now
forms one of the most beautiful and prominent features of the
Museum, and the value of the collection has ,been greatly
enhanced by a manuscript catalogue stating the localities and
other information, which Mr. Clark has drawn up at the
suggestion of the Keeper of the Museum.

The Society is indebted to the same benefactor for the addition
to our Ichthyological collection of a very remarkable Fish, of
which but few examples have reached this Country, the
Polyodon folium of Lacépéde, commonly known in America as
the “ Paddle-fish” or “ Spoon-bill Sturgeon.” Mr. Clark has
also presented two very choice specimens of the Lepidosteus
or Gar-fish, of the American rivers, a species less rare than the
Polyodon, but nevertheless a particularly acceptable acquisition
to the Society, the Lepidostei being almost the only existing
Fishes furnished with resplendent enamelled scales, a structure
constantly met with among Fossil Species and well exemplified
by the Lepidotus, &c., of the Whitby Lias.

Two very valuable local additions have been made to the
collection of British Birds, namely, a little Bustard, shot at
Goodmanham, and presented by the Rev. Wm. Blow, jun., and
a specimen of Bewick’s Swan, shot at Bubwith, mounted at the
expense of the Naturalists’ Club, and presented by the Com-
mittee. A fine example of the Crowned Crane has been given
to the Foreign Collection of Birds by H. S. Thompson, Esq., of
Moat Hall.

* Exhibited in Case No. 25 of the Geological room, and labelled “ Fossil jaw of
Quadruped from Stonesfield, presented by the Rey. C. Sykes,”

10 REPORT OF THE

Some additions of great interest have been made to the
collection of British Mollusca, through the British Natural
History Society; of these the most important are the Egg-
capsules containing young of the rare Shells, Fusus Turtonis
and Fusus Norvegicus, the possession of which illustrates an
important fact in the Natural History of the Mollusca, namely,
that species which present a very near approximation in the
characters of the animal and shell may yet shew essential
differences in the structure of the ova; and hence it would seem
that a better acquaintance with the ova of the Mollusca may
render important aid to the Naturalist in the determination of
problems relating to the discrimination between species and
varieties, in the numerous forms of this important division of the
animal kingdom. Through the same channel a fine example of
a very rare shell, Natica pusilla, from Staithes fishing boats, has
been added to the collection, and a specimen of Emarginula
crassa from Anglesea. In British Zoophytes the Society is
indebted to Mr. Leckenby, of Scarbro’, for a series of choice
specimens of some of the rare species from the Coast.’

The Council regret that the office of Curator of Botany still
remains vacant ; but they trust that before long some member
of the Society will undertake the charge of this important part
of its Collections. A Supplement to the “ Flora of Yorkshire,”
by the Sub-Curator of the Museum, has lately been published.
The materials have been chiefly furnished to Mr. Baines by
two able co-adjutors, Mr. John Gilbert Baker and Mr. Nowell,
the former of whom has contributed an account of the Flowering
Plants and Ferns, and the latter of the Mosses. The Hepatice,
Lichens, Algee and Fungi of the county have not yet been
sufficiently studied to enable the botanist to exhibit a catalogue
of them ; but, as far as it goes, the ‘ Flora of Yorkshire” may be
received with confidence, as a full and exact enumeration of
the productions of this varied and extensive district. To Mr.
Baker the Society is indebted for arranging its British Lichens
in a form which at once facilitates the use and displays the
beauty of the Collection.

Of the additions which have been made during the last year
to the ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT of the Museum, the most

COUNCIL FOR 1854. 11

interesting and important is a large fragment of an inscribed
Roman tablet found at a considerable depth below the surface,
by the workmen employed in digging the drain from Monk Bar
to the river Ouse, and presented to the Society by the Corpora-
tion of the City. The fragment contains so large a portion of
the inscription, that the letters which have been lost may,
without much difficulty, be supplied. It records the execution
of some public work by the ninth Legion, by order of the
Emperor Trajan. It is, with one exception, the oldest memorial
of the kind that has been discovered in Britain; and being
connected with the earliest period of the history of Roman
York, it may be justly considered as the most valuable of the
ancient local remains by which our Museum is distinguished.
A full description is about to appear in the Second Part of the
Proceedings of the Society.

During the last year the remains of a Roman villa were
discovered in the parish of Collingham, in a field near the road
leading from Bramham to Wetherby. In the course of the
excavations which were carried on there under the superintend-
ence of Mr. Procter and some other members of the Council, a
large portion of a beautiful tessellated pavement was brought to
light. This being carefully removed by our sub-curator,
Mr. Baines, has been presented to the Society, with a bath, or
a cistern, and remains of a hypocaust, by the Rev. B. Eamonson
and the other Trustees of Lady Hastings’ Charity, to whom the
field belongs, and at whose invitation the excavations were
undertaken.

Besides the pavement from Toft-green which has been so
successfully reconstructed in the lower room of the Hospitium,
the Society has in its possession another found in the same place,
with a large border of a third: and this last excavation at
Collingham has added to these an interesting portion of a
fourth. 'The Society has long had authority to take possession
of a fifth, buried beneath a saw-pit in Clementhorpe. -Another,
reported to be more beautiful in pattern, and more highly
finished than any of the preceding, was lately discovered in the
neighbourhood of Easingwold, not far from the line of the
Roman road between the station at Malton and Isurium. It

12 REPORT OF THE

would have been removed to the Museum of the Society three
or four months ago, by permission of the late Sir G. Wombwell,
on whose estate it was found, and with the sanction of the
Council, if the weather had not been so unfavourable. Effec-
tual means have been taken to secure it from injury during the
winter ; and there is no reason to apprehend that the present
owner will revoke the gift of his predecessor ; especially as this
beautiful specimen of Roman decoration must inevitably be
destroyed, if the Yorkshire Philosophical Society abandon it.

It may perhaps be thought not advisable, to incur the
expense of adding to our Antiquarian Collections more objects
of this description, interesting as they may be, since in the
present state of our finances, it is not possible to provide a
suitable place for exhibiting them to the public. This is
certainly a circumstance to be deeply regretted. But the
Council would beg leave to suggest that it is a matter of great
importance, not to say, the duty of the Society, even at some
inconvenience, to rescue such interesting objects from destruc-
tion; and it surely may be hoped, that by the improvement
of its finances, or by the revival of that zeal which the
public manifested, when the pavements in Toft Green were
discovered, the Society will be enabled, at no very distant
period, to erect a building in which all these specimens of
Roman domestic ornamentation may be preserved and dis-
played.

Some deficiencies in the series of English coins in the cabinet
of the Society, particularly of Hen. V. and Hen. VII., have
recently been supplied by Mr. Davies. The Curator has
added several denarii to the series of the Roman Families.
Mr. Procter has presented five antient brass coins, Greek, and.
Roman Provincial, not in very good condition, but interesting
as having been found by Dr. Layard at Nineveh.

The Rey. John Ward, of Wath, has presented to the Society
a large collection of drawings, representing the decorated pave-
ment in encaustic tiles at Jervaulx Abbey, made by order of the
late Earl of Ailesbury in 1807, when the ruins of the Abbey
were excavated.

The additions made to the Liprary by donation or purchase

COUNCIL FoR 1854, 13

in the last year have not been numerous. Among the dona-
tions may be mentioned the First Part of Miscellanea Graphica,
a description, accompanied by beautiful illustrations, of works
of medizeval art, in the possession of Lord Londesborough.
The Library continues to receive the successive numbers of
various publications of high scientific interest for which the
Society has subscribed. Among them are two splendid works
by Mr. Gould, The Birds of Asia, and the Trochilidee or Hum-
ming Birds.

Among the donations to the Library from public bodies, the
Council notice with peculiar satisfaction that of the Volumes of
the Archeologia from the Society of Antiquaries, beginning
with the year 1853. Various other Literary and Scientific
Societies have presented their respective Transactions and
Reports of Proceedings. The approaching publication of a
Second Part of the Papers read before the Yorkshire Philoso-
phical Society will afford an opportunity of acknowledging these
gifts by a return, which the Council trust will not be found of
inferior value.*

The Meteorological Register for York presents for the year
1854, considerable departures from ordinary circumstances in
the range of the mercurial column, in that of temperature and
in the amount of rain. On the 4th of March, at ix a. m., witha
north wind, external temperature 39°, temperature of the
mercury 63°, the column measured 30:932 inches, a height
unprecedented in 25 years’ experience. On January 8th, the
column measured only 28°824 inches ; this is the lowest obtained
in the year, making the range 2°108 inches. The range of
temperature has also been extraordinary, from—3 on January
3rd to 79° July 22nd, making a range of 82 degrees. The rain
amounted only to 18°52 inches, being 5°75 below a mean of 20
years.

The mean temperature of the year has varied very slightly
from the mean of 20 years, being “72 of a degree below that
mean.

* Members not residing in York, may have their copies of the Second Part of
the Proceedings transmitted by post, by application to Mr. Charlesworth, at the
Museum, with an enclosure of six postage stamps,

14 REPORT OF THE

Eight months of the year exhibited a temperature below a
mean; February, March, April, and September were slightly in
excess. There was an excess of rain in January, May, June,
and November, but a deficiency in each of the other months.
The days on which rain fell were 129 against 174 of last year.
Westerly winds have been remarkably prevalent, 154 days are
marked as W. or S.W.

The Gentiana verna flowered this year on the 18th of April
against the 4th of May in 1853. The month of May was dis-
tinguished by the unusual frequency of electric displays —nine
occurrences of thunder and lightning are noted in that month.
The month of August, mostly noted for storms of this character,
in York and its neighbourhood, was nearly exempt this year, a
slight display on the 16th of that month being the only one
recorded. Full of variety and uncertainty, displaying sudden
and unlooked for changes, and having a wide range of extremes,
nevertheless the phenomena of weather when the records of
a few years are taken to form a mean, exhibit a wonderful
uniformity. This is one proof among many of the beneficence
and wisdom of the Creator. Seed time and harvest, summer
and winter still hold on their course. The observers of these
phenomena are sometimes questioned as to whether there is not
some remarkable change in the lessened severity of winter, the
increased or diminished heat of summer, &c. ‘The following
table, suggested by a recent inquiry of this kind, presents a
striking instance of the uniformity of which we have spoken.

The temperatures of the three winter months, viz., December,
January, and February, for the ten years from 1831 to 1840
both inclusive, are as follows :—

December . . . 89°01 1845 ; December . . . 38°62
January . . . 85°74 to January SP a Oe OS
February . . . 88°60 1854 \ February . . . 87:96

3)113°35 3)113-26
Mean winter temp. . 37°78 Mean winter temp. . 87°75

In contrast with this exact uniformity, when one series of
years is compared with another, we present the following table

COUNCIL FOR 1854. 15

as illustrative of the wide range of departure from a mean
where two series of ten days each are compared.
Comparison of temperature for the first ten days of January,

1854 and 1855.
1854, 1855. Exe.

Average maximum. . . 31'2 47°3 16°
Average minimum. . . 21°5 39°7 18°
Mean temperature . . . 26°3 43°5 17°
Highest do. alle aes Bae 50 14°
Lowest do. aye * ee 24-+- 27
Range ee et ae ee ee 26 — ;

The following table for which the data have been supplied
by various correspondents, shews the monthly fall of rain in
the following places for the year 1854.

‘ oS . =|
g | 8 f: 2 Sigs 3
S, S a) iS) a S oO S 3
Pls elie a) e/2/8 13/2
= 3 val E <j a a a D a
Jan. | 2°00 | 2°64 | 1:98 | 1:64] 1°68} 1:78 | 4:48 | 8:11 | 5:16 | 6°47
Feb. “50 | 0°49 | 0°41 66 | 0°75 | 2°94 | 3:11) 1:40 | 2°42} 3°12

Mar. | 1:00 | 0°79 | 0°91 90 | 0°49 | 1:83 | 1°51] 0°71 | 1:34 | 2°47
April *87 | 0°86 | 0°50 *52 | 0°76 | 0°69 O51 | 0°58 | 0°26 | 1°01
May | 3°13 | 2°91 | 2°16 | 2°05 | 1°84] 1:29 | 2°65 | 2°41 | 2°70 | 3°42
June | 2:25 | 2-07 | 2-90 | 1:90 | 257] 1-97 | 2:58 | 1-74] 319 | 2-59
July 8°35 | 3°11 | 2:56 | 3:23 TL | 3°89. | 2284 O11") 231-7 247
Aug. 1:26 | 1:70 | 1:28 85 | 1°57 | 1°00 | 1°39 | 1°30 | 2°42 | 2°69
{ Sept. | 1°25 | 1:27 | 0°84 *82 | 1:03 | 0°46 | 2°08 | 1:05 | 2°48 | 2°49
Oct. 1°62 | 1°68 | 1°01 | 1°32 | 0°97 | 0°45 | 1°96} 1°41 | 2°95 | 3°84
Nov. | 3°00 | 2°95 | 2°53 | 2°87 | 2:51 | 2°51 | 3:42] 2°85 | 3°68 | 5°01
Dec. | 2°00 | 1°92 | 1:49 | 1°39 | 2°16 | 2°01 | 4°88 | 3°55 | 6°79 | 8°37

21°72 |22°34 | 18-52 | 18°15 |19-04 | 20°32 |30°75 | 22-22 | 35-70 | 43°95

16

REPORT OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1854.

BAROMETER. THERMOMETER.
So. pes
RAIN. |} wz | a] 4 SO org
¢ | 3 Biel eo lela lige a4
Q ® si |e o S| 2 igs] BE
i- g ae |al sles 2
Pie | 6/8] ga /2/8 lee] &
a | Fi|e| 8 |& 4
Inches. |Days “ =|
Jan. | 30°322| 28-824/ 29-6434 || 1:98 | 7 | 38-5130-0! 342| 51| 3 || 19 | 8. E
Feb. | 30°600) 29°245/30°0556 | -41 | 6 || 43-7/33°7] 38-7 | 52 | 26 || 18 || W.
Mar. | 30-932| 29-792] 30-2073 || -91 | 9 |60:6/35°9| 43:2 | 61 | 25 || 9 || W.
April | 30-550) 29-262) 30°0850 || -50 | 65 || 55-2/37°3| 46-2 | 65 | 28) 5 || E
May | 30°317|28-977|29°6898 || 2-16 | 16 |57-3/41°0| 49-1 | 64 | 33 | — | W
June | 30232! 29-450] 29-7862 |} 2-90 | 14 |/61-6/48-3| 54-9 | 72 | 41 || — || NV E
July | 30-328) 29°522) 29-8743 || 2:56 | 11 ||64-6/51-3| 57-9 | 79 | 40) — | S
Aug. | 30°532| 29-640] 29-9023 || 1-23 | 11 || 65-1|51-6| 58°3 | 73 | 45 || — || S. W
Sept. | 30536] 29°692| 300590 || +841 8 |165-9|47-0| 56-4 |78-5| 35 || — || S. W.
Oct. | 30°552| 29-120] 29-7497 || 1:01 | 13 | 53:8; 38-8] 46°3 | 63 | 25 | 6 || S. W.
Noy. | 30-516] 28-946] 29°7670 || 2°53 | 15 | 43-7/32-6| 381 | 54] 19 | 16 || E.&W.
Dec. | 30-428] 29:166| 29-7246 || 1:49 | 14 |43-7/33°7| 38-7 | 53 | 26 || 14 || W.
29:8786 || 18-52 |129 46°83 84
DIRECTION OF THE WIND.
N. 8. E W. N.E. N.W. 8.5. S.W.
28 52 30 73 32 30 39 81

In the Observatory, the Committee report, that the Equa-
torial and the Transit Instrument have been kept in working
condition by Mr. T. Cooke, and that transits have been taken
with sufficient frequency to keep accurate time. The Com-
mittee in charge of this department, whilst they regret that the
instruments are not more frequently turned to account, remark
as some excuse for this, that there are two private observatories
in York which absorb some of that time and attention that
might otherwise be devoted to the observatory of the Yorkshire

Philosophical Society.

COUNCIL FoR 1854. 17

The Treasurer’s report shews that the annual expenditure
has exceeded the receipts by the sum of £12 15s.; the latter
being less than usual in the items of “ admission of new mem-
bers,” and “admission of strangers,” and there having been
no extraordinary sources of income during the past year.

The least favorable feature in the financial condition of the
Society during the past year, is the diminution of new members.
The Council are aware that at the present time a diminution
was to be looked for. Local Scientific Institutions must expect,
in times of great political excitement, and under circumstances
which involve retrenchment in the expenditure of the middle
and upper classes, to experience a temporary reduction of that
share of support which under ordinary circumstances they
receive from the public. If, however, this reduction proceeds
to any great extent, it must seriously impair the efficiency of
such institutions, and involve them in difficulties. In the case
of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, the Council feel bound
to state that the number of members annually elected is not at
present such as to enable it to preserve, in a satisfactory con-
dition, the treasures of which it has already become possessed,
and to add to its stores those new objects of local and general
interest which from time to time present themselves. If we go
back ten years in the history of the Society, we find from the
annual reports, that from 1844 to 1851 inclusive, the annual
average of admissions is 19. During the years 1852—3—4,
the average is reduced to nine; and the number admitted
during the past year has been only seven. It is perhaps not to
be expected that so high an annual average as 19 admissions
can be permanently maintained, but it is certain that so low an
average as 9 is not sufficient to balance the Society’s losses by
resignation and death. To this point then the Council desire
to call the serious attention of the Society at large. They feel
convinced that there are many persons resident in the City of
York, and many more in the County, who are not members of
the Society, because its claims have not been urged upon them,
and because they are not aware that their support is required.
It is important that such persons should be reminded that the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society holds a position with which

B

18 REPORT OF THE

perhaps no other provincial scientific institution can be said to
compete, whether we look to its invaluable Collections in
Natural History and Antiquities, or to the singular attractions
of the site within which these collections have been deposited ;
that its expenditure necessarily bears some proportion to the
extent of the riches of which it is the guardian ; and that if it
is to go on in that career of usefulness which for more than a
quarter of a century has associated it with the progress of
science in Yorkshire, it must continue to receive that full
measure of support which has hitherto maintained it in effi-
ciency and vigour.

The Council, in considering what means seem most likely to
be successful for the improvement of the Society’s finances, are
of opinion that improvement is to be sought, not so much by
retrenchment and inactivity, as by the constant progress of its
Collections, and by rendering its resources more attractive and
accessible to its members and the public at large. With this
object they have made certain alterations, and have others to
propose for the consideration of the present meeting, which it
is necessary here to mention.

Orders of Admission.—At a special meeting held Dec. 4th,
1848, a resolution was passed to the effect that after that month
no member should give more than 25 orders in the course of
one year, each order not admitting more than 4 persons. The
above regulation has continued in force up to the end of last
year; and to prevent the admission of parties with fictitious
orders, the Council during the above period supplied the mem-
bers with printed and stamped forms, to the use of which they
were restricted. Some inconvenience, however, having arisen
from the use of these printed forms, the Council have this year
discontinued them, and they have likewise made the number to
be admitted by each order optional, it being understood that
the limit of one hundred visitors in the course of each year is
not to be exceeded.

Privilege of introducing Strangers by the Wwwes of Members.
— Complaints have been made by several members that, owing
to their engagements, it is not in their power to attend their
friends to the Museum, and that consequently the privilege of

COUNCIL FoR 1854. 19

introducing their friends personally is one of which they cannot
avail themselves. They wish therefore that their wives should
have the same privilege with themselves. The Council has no
power to grant this privilege, as it involves an alteration in the
Society’s rules. A month’s notice of a motion to make this
alteration has been given, and it now remains for the members
present to consider its expediency, and to adopt or reject it.
Although the Council are not adverse to this alteration, they
think that they ought to inform the members that there is |
probably no Society in England, dependent in part upon money
payments from strangers for admission, which grants such ex-
tensive privileges in this respect as the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society.

Admission Fees.— Another alteration which has been sug-
gested, but which cannot be adopted at the present meeting, as
no notice has been given, has reference to the fee of £3, in
addition to the annual subscription, which has been always
paid by members on election. The Council are of opinion that
this fee cannot be abolished or diminished without detriment
to the finances of the Society, and injustice to those who have
already paid it. But it is thought that it might be advan-
tageously spread over three years, if the elected member pre-
ferred it, so that instead of paying £5 the first year and £2 a
year afterwards, he would pay £3 annually for three years, and
afterwards £2 annually.

Appointment of a paid Assistant Secretary.—The resignation
of the late Secretary, T. H. Travis, Esq., to whose laborious
attention to its interests the Society is much indebted, left the
Council in a position of great difficulty. No gentleman possess-
ing at once sufficient leisure and proper qualifications for the
office of Secretary has been found willing to undertake it. The
duties of that office have, since Mr. Travis’s resignation, been
performed by two gentlemen who avowed their conviction that
their engagements were such that they could not possibly
bestow upon the Society that time and attention which its
affairs demanded, and therefore only consented to act as pro-
visional Secretaries,

In consequence of this state of affairs, a strong feeling has

20 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FoR 1854.

been expressed in many quarters that a paid Assistant Secretary
ought to be appointed, the property of the Society having
become so extensive, and its interests so important, that more
time and attention are demanded than can be expected from an
honorary officer.

If such an appointment was to be made, the attention of the
Council was naturally turned to the Keeper of the Museum, as
a gentleman whose office already brings him constantly to the
Institution, and whose scientific attainments would command
the respect of visitors with whom he might have to communi-
cate. As it is impossible, however, to predict whether such an
appointment will give an impulse to the Society sufficient to
increase its funds to the requisite extent, they do not feel
justified in recommending more than’a temporary arrangement.

It is recommended that Mr. Charlesworth be appointed
Assistant Secretary, at a salary of £50 for the ensuing year,
giving a larger portion of his time than hitherto, to the super-
intendence of the Society’s affairs. In this case the services
of the present Clerk will be discontinued.

This proposal being adopted, two gentlemen (the Rev.
John Kenrick, and Thos. Allis, Esq.) have consented to under-
take the office of Honorary Secretaries for the present year.

The Council feel a strong persuasion that the arrangements
thus proposed will conduce to the well-being of the Society,
and will both promote the interests of science and prove satis-
factory to the members.

21

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1854.

RECEIPTS.

Cr.
1854, && 3 d.
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 516 1 0
Admission of 7 New Members .... 35 0 0
_ Composition in lieu of Subscription 40 0 0
Associates ...ccccesecscccsesscceee 10 0 0
Ladies’ Subscriptions ............ 53 1 0
SUL vcbcccecusrsevseek Heecteces's LUO 20 20
Money received at the Gate ...... 174 2 9
Swimming Bath (deducting expen-

WANT cacpcapua detects ox cocgpienak. vameaer.O
Keys of the Gates .......sseeee04. 3410 0
Sale of Guide to Antiquities ...... 14 0 6
Temporary Subscribers .........- 100

BPEL RROOMAD sso cc0céccacevcescs nes AOR 708

Excess of Expenditure ............ 1215 0
£1085 2 1
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company...... .... £1900 0 0
Five Members at £50
GOO sausevedacsece? 250 00
2150 0 0
Balance due to the
TFCGBUTCR oc ccceee 56 11 11
+ Total Debt of the So-
ciety, Jan,, 1855.... £2206 11 11

‘3rd Feb., 1855, Audited by us,
ROBERT DAVIES,
WILLIAM PROCTER.

EXPENDITURE. Dr.
1854, Bs HOS be Bet ae ee
Crown--Bent: .ccccsccseese 1 0 0
Rent to Corporation .... 521111
Rates and Taxes ........ 81611

Insuranceand WaterRent 11 7 0

73 15 10
Salaries and Wages:
Keeper of the Museum 150 0 0
Sub-Curator ........ 100 0 0
Boryant'.:..cccsesesee 20 0 0
Lodge Keeper l} year. 25 0 0
Labourers ............ 14917 0
Clerk and Collector .. 25 0 0
Attendant, Hospitium 6 0 0
—— 47517 0
Interest on Debt to Dec. 31, 1854:
Insurance Company ............ 8413 5
Museum, Gardens, &c.:
General Repairs -.... 17019 2
Purchase and prepara-
tion of Specimens... 49 4 8
220 310
Library, Books and Binding........ 1911 3
Incidental Expenses :
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery .... 6612 1
Coals and Gas........ 6014 10
Postage, Carriage, and
Sundries .......... 3861310
161 0 9
Total Expenditure .......cscscceee 1085 2 1
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company .......... 2000 0 0
Due to Five Members
£50 each .......... 250 0 0
2250 0 0
Deduct Balance in Trea-
surer's hand ........ 56 3 1
Total Debt of Society,
FO LOOK: oc cces skint 2193 16 11
Excess of Expenditure
NBS4 0 cecccercccceces 1215 0
£2206 11 11

WILLIAM GRAY, TREASURER,

22

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1854.

1854.

Geo. Wilson, (Lord Mayor).
James Christie, Melbourne Hail.
Mrs. Shipton, York.

Rey. Canon Baillie, York.

Wm. Alfred Waddington, York.
Francis Cholmeley, Brandsby.
Dr. Swaine, York.

1855.
John Holiday, York.

HONORARY MEMBER

ELECTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1856.

Charles Roach Smith, Esq., F.A.S., &c.

Number of Subscribing Members February 6th, 1855
Do. of Compounding Members oe ons

Total

wo S11

23

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FEB. 6ru, 1855,

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the Rule No. 3, Section 9, Ed. 1839, be amended by
inserting the words “and their Wives” so that it shall stand thus:
‘Members and their Wives shall have the privilege of introducing
Visitors to the Gardens and Museum at all times when they are
open.”

3. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents,
and Members of Council retiring from Office, and to the Secretaries
and Curators, for their valuable services.

4, That the special thanks of the Society be given to Thos. H.
Travis, Esq., for his services as late Honorary Secretary.

5. That the authority given to the Council last year with respect
to the holding one or more Horticultural Meetings in the Society's
Grounds, and the admission of Strangers and temporary Subscribers
be continued,

24

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS

1854.

JANUARY.—RoBeERt Daviss, Esq.—Notices of the York Mints
and Coinages.

JUNE.—WILLIAM Procter, Esq.—On the Excavation of a Roman
Villa near Collingham.

NovemBer.— Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.—On a Roman Tablet found
in Petergate.

Decemper.—W. B. Ricuarpson, Esq.—Deseription of his Ascent
of Mont Blane.

25

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Atkinson, Mr. Robt. ....... Fine polished specimen of Fossil-wood
from the Lias of Yorkshire.
Clark, Joseph, Esq., (Cin- Lepidotus semiserratus, with various

CINNALE) . ..cosceecdere ace other Fossils of the Yorkshire Lias.
(See page 8.)
Latrobe, J. C., Esq. .......+ . Paleozoic Fossils from Australia.

Hailstone, Edw., Esq. ....... Remarkable Saurian Vertebra, with
other Lias Fossils from Whitby.
Society, British Natural- ) Fossils from the Upper Greensand of
Cambridge, and from the Magnesian
Limestone of Durham.

History ......+-snescsserceee

ZOOLOGY.

Blow, Rev. Wm., junr. ... Specimen of the Little Bustard. (See
page 9.)
Clark, Joseph, Esq., (Cin- ) Several rare Fishes from the American
Rivers, with additional species of
Uniones. (See page 9.)

MRWMES J. 2ccsessenshseccees

Leckenby, John, Esq., Various Zoophytes from the Coast.

CBCarbr0 ) -ccreccceceesee
Richardson, Rev. Henry... Eggs of the Guillemot from Flambro’.
Steele, Rev. Richard ...... Several Crustacea from Whitehaven.
Travis, Thos. H., Esq........ Specimens of the common Squirrel and
Stoat.
Themen) Meety, ay, Specimen of the Crowned Crane.
(Boroughbridge) ...... one
Society, British Natural- ) Emarginula crassa and various other
History 2... <ccesdasvsssens ee rare British Shells. (See page 10.)

Yorkshire Naturalists Club Specimen of Bewick’s Swan. (See p. 9.)
Various Foreign Birds, given to the Club
by Mr. Wm. Thompson.
Cc

26

ANTIQUITIES.

The Corporation of the City ) An inscribed Roman Tablet. (See
of York cae p- 11.)
The Trustees of Lady Has- ) A portion of a Roman Tessellated Pave-
tings’ Charity ....s.secee ment, and other remains of a Roman
Villa near Collingham.
Davies, Robt., Esq. ......+0 Seven Half-groats of Hen. VII., Hen.
VIII., and JamesI. 4 Pennies of
Hen. II., Hen. VII., and Hen. VIII.
An Irish Half-penny of John.
Procter, Wm., Esq. .......... Five ancient brass Coins, brought from
Nineveh by Dr. Layard.
One of Sept. Severus, third brass Penny
of Wm. I.
Wellbeloved, Rev. C. ....... Twenty Coins of Roman Families.
Ward, Rey. J. ..........00... A large Collection of Drawings, repre-
senting the pavement in encaustic
tiles of the Church of the Abbey of
Jerveaulx.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Latrobe, J. C., Esq. ......-.. Collection of Weapons, and various
other articles of native manufacture
from Australia and New Zealand.

GARDEN.
Allis, Thos., Esq. ............. Collection of Chrysanthemums.
Croskell, Rev. Robt. ...... Sixty Papers of Seeds, and a valuable

Collection of Bulbs, from the Cape.
Latrobe, J. C., Esq.......... One Hundred Packets of Seeds from
New Zealand.
Oldfield, Jos., Esq. ......... Four Loads of Manure.
Wetherley, Mr. R. .....,.... Two Loads of Manure.

27

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of ...... Greenwich Astronomical and Magne-
tical Observations, 1852.
_Association, British, for the
Advancement of Science
Company, the Hon. East) Catalogue of Birds in the H. E. I. C.’s
PMMIE disscssese wapdias ps ae Museum.
Society of Antiquaries, Lon- ) Archxologia, vol. 35, part 2.
GON « sroceyecrenecsne sacevese ent of Society of Antiquaries,
vol, 8, No. 37—40.
List of Members of the Society of Anti-
quaries, 1854.

Report for 1853.

don. ive. PERPRLPEG IC gtd Eeap yt Quarterly Journal, No, 38.

Society, Manchester Liter-
ary and Philosophical ..
Society, Chemical, of London Quarterly Journal, No. 27.

Society, Cornwall, Royal
Polytechnic ........ pi

Society, Lancashire sis
Cheshire, Historic .. “i

Society, Literary and Phil-

Society, Geological, of Lon-
4 Memoirs, vol. 2.

Report of 1853—4.
Proceedings of 1853—4.

Ig dings of 1853—4.
osophical, of Liverpool... resin 3

Society, Leeds Literary and
Philosophical.........+6+
Society, Geological and Po-

lytechnical, of W. R. of
Yorkshire ....0.2.+0 coeees
Botfield, B., Esq. ......... ... Description of a Roman Villa at Ben-
navenna.
Hoare, Edward, Esq. (Cork) Drawing of an ancient Celto-Irish pe-
nannular Brooch.
Londesborough, Lord ...... Wanderings of an Antiquary, by Thos.
Wright, F.S. A.
Miscellanea Graphica, No. 1.
Mason, Rey. Francis, D.D. Flora Burmannica.
Mayer, Joseph, Ge 5 Liver- ) Catalogue of Drawings in the Collection
MOOE } vevseaidansenesecsscns yes of John Mather, Esq, relating to the
Bonaparte Family.

Report of 1853—4.

Report of Proceedings, 1853,

28

Wright's Lecture at Liverpool on the
Faussett Collection of Antiquities.
Smith, C. Roach, Esq. ...... Remarks on the Faussett Collection of
Antiquities.
Stillingfleet, Rev. Edward. Archeologia, 4 vols.
Maurice’s Ruins of Babylon.
Watson, Mr. Wm. ........ Dialling Diagrams.
Wood, John, Esq...... .-- oe Journal of Horticultural Society, vol. 9,
part 1.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F.R.S., (8 parts published).

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (6 parts published),

Birds of Asia, folio, by John Gould, Esq., (7 parts published).

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society.

Publications of the Ray Society, received in 1854. A Monograph
on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the Species, by
Charles Darwin, F. R.8., &c. Bibliographia Zoologiw et
Geologiw, by Agassiz and Strickland, vol. 4. Nudibranchiate
Mollusca, by Alder and Hancock, part 6.

Publications of the Paleontographical Society. No issue in 1854.

Reliquis Antique Eboracenses, by Wm. Bowman, (3 parts published).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8yo. col. plates, (14 parts pub-
blished).

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

é

tae ee
pg a 1228

ay

ove

aa

s

Morkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

FOR

MDCCCLY. —

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLYV.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 18656.

Sibends

Se vt
2

i Gat

y raat + S
Cae” \
SS og

n't x rie

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

——

1856.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D. D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.R.S.

PATRONESSES

Porkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.
THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.
DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.
EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.
LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1856.

PRESIDENT:
Ear Firzwitiiam, F. B.S.

(

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpEssporovuaH, F.R.S.
Rev. C. WELLBELOVED. '

Joun Puiturrs, F.R.S.

Harry StrepHen Tuompson.
JoHN Forp.

Rey. Canon Hey.

Cuas. W. SrricKLAnp.

Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R.S.

ee

TREASURER:
Witt Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL:

Elected 1854. ...THomas Barstow.
Wn. WuytTeEHEAD.
Gro. DopswortH.
Won. Procter.

Elected 1855, ...Wm. ANDERSON.
Rev. Tuos. Bayty.
Rey. Tuos. Myers.
JoHN KitcHine.

Elected 1856, ,..THE Lorp Mayor.
H. P. CHoimMetey.
G. F. Jonzs.
G. H. Szymour.

6

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

SECRETARIES :

Rev. J. Kenrick.
Tuos. ALLIS.

Ieee

ASSISTANT SECRETARY :

Epw. CHARLESWORTH.

CURATORS :

MINERALOGY . ;
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY
British ORNITHOLOGY
InsEcts AND CRUSTACEA .
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LiBpRARY AND MANUSCRIPTS .

OssERVATORY & METEOROLOGY,
under the Care of a Committee
consisting of .

WILLIAM PROCTER.

Tuomas ALLIs.

W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.

Rev. Canon Hey.

Rev. CHArLEs WELLBELOVED.

Rey. J. Kenrick.

(Tar Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
F.R.S.

T. S. Nose.

Wo. Gray, F.G.S.

‘| Joun Forp.

Rev. Canon Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHarieswortH, F.G.S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS :

Henry Barnes.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 5, 1856.

In presenting to the Annual Meeting the Report for the
past year, the Council will first relate the ordinary operations
of the Society, and then advert to the results of some important
changes in its Laws, which have been carried into effect within
the year.

Numerous and valuable additions have been made during
the past year to the Naruraz History Collections, both by
donation and by exchange. Mr. Joseph Clark, of Cincinnati,
who seldom allows a twelvemonth to pass without some proof
of the interest which he takes in the progress of the Society’s
Collections, has sent various American fossils and recent fresh-
water shells, in extension of the beautiful series of specimens
given by him in former years. A cast of the celebrated
Plesiosaurus Macrocephalus belonging to the Earl of Ennis-
killen, has been received from the Hull Philosophical Society
in exchange for a duplicate specimen of the skull and horns of the
extinct Irish Deer. The Committee of the York Medical School
have presented a very perfect specimen of the skull of the Bos
longifrons of Owen, found in digging a canal near Pocklington ;
and Mr. Sharpin, a portion of the thigh bone of the Deinornis,
or great extinct wingless bird of New Zealand—a valuable addi-
tion to the casts of bones of this bird, previously presented by
the Council of the College of Surgeons. From H. P. Cholmeley,

8 REPORT OF THE

Esq., have been received various teeth and bones from the
Kirkdale Cave, which will be very acceptable to the Society,
as this celebrated cave has long ceased to furnish specimens to
the paleontologist. Mr. Wood, of Richmond, has presented
additional examples of the remarkable Encrinite discovered by
him in the Mountain Limestone of that district.* An eminent
foreign naturalist, M. de Koninck, by whom it has been
described and figured, regards it as constituting a new genus,
for which he proposes the name Woodocrinus. From Mr. Wood
the Society has also received in exchange a remarkable fossil
fish, probably of an undescribed species, from the Magnesian
limestone of Ferry Hill. To Mr. Leckenby, of Scarborough,
the Society is indebted for a beautiful specimen of the rare
fossil fern, Orthopteris Beanii, from the oolitic shale of
Gristhorpe ; to Mr. Bainbridge, junior, for a semi-fossil bone
of a large whale from the neighbourhood of Selby ; and from
the Rev. Geo. Row it has received in exchange a new species
of Trigonia from the oolitic iron-stone of Marsk, a locality
which promises to yield other novelties to the collector.

The Zoological Department has been enriched by a donation
from Wm. Hewitson, Esq., of a beautiful and valuable collec-
tion of foreign butterflies, all named and in high preservation.
John Lister, Esq., of Doncaster, has presented, through
Mr. O. A. Moore, a remarkable specimen of the gigantic
sponge (Raphiophora patera) commonly called “ Neptune’s
Cup.” This sponge fills an important gap in the Society’s
collections, as it is a recent species, presenting important points
of agreement with some of the fossil sponges of Flamborough
contained in the Museum. From W. C. Warren, Esq., of
Dublin, the Society has received several rare British marine
shells ; from Professor Melville, of Queen’s College, Galway,
fine examples of Caryophyllia Smithii, and from Mr. James
Backhouse, the rare and lately discovered British shell Limnea
Burnetti.

It has long been a subject of regret with the Council that
the visitor to the Natural History Department of the Museum,

* See Report for 1852.

COUNCIL FOR 1855. 9

was not furnished with any printed Guide, to explain its
general arrangement, and to point out those objects of special
interest with which it abounds. A Catalogue of a collection so
extensive and so varied, however valuable for scientific pur-
poses, would be too bulky for general use; but the Council
believe that it is practicable to include within the compass of a
Manual, a large amount of valuable information. Such a
Manual the Keeper of the Museum has kindly undertaken to
prepare, in conjunction with the Curators of the different
departments, and the Council hope that it will be printed when
that season of the year arrives, which usually brings an increase
of visitors to the Museum.

To the department of Antiquities few additions have been
made during the past year. Some coins have been added to
the cabinet by Members of the Society, but none of such a
character as to require particular notice. From Lawrence
Williams, Esq., of Pule Hill Hall, have been received the
mummy of an ibis and some portions of a human mummy.
From Lady Frankland Russell and the Yorkshire Antiquarian
Club, the umbo of a shield and the head of a lance, with some
remains of Roman and Saxon pottery, found in a tumulus at
Sowerby, near Thirsk. To Mr. Thomas, of York, the Society
is indebted for the donation of a Roman leaden coffin, lately
discovered in his brickyard in Layerthorpe, near the spot in
which, a few years ago, a Roman stone coffin was found, now
in the possession of the Society, with other Roman remains.
It lay seven feet below the surface, and from the nails and
fragments of wood found with it, appears to have been enclosed
in a coffin of that material. It is 5 feet 6 inches long and very
narrow, containing a skeleton, at present enveloped in mud,
supposed to be that of a young person. It has a leaden lid,
but there is no soldering nor any inscription or ornament in
any part of it. -

In compliance with the request presented to him by the
Council of the Society, George J. Jarratt, Esq., of Doncaster,
has deposited in the Museum the Roman altar, dedicated to
the Dee Matres, found at that place in 1781. It bears an
inscription which may be read without difficulty, but the

10 REPORT OF THE

interpretation of one portion of it has exercised, hitherto in
vain, the ingenuity of several learned antiquaries.

The Roman pavement at Oulston, near Easingwold, still
remains in the state described in the last Report. The death
of the late Sir George Wombwell, and the absence of his
successor from England, prevented its removal during the
favourable season of the year, but when this returns, the
Council will proceed to act upon the permission which they
have received to transfer it to the Museum of the Society.

Towards the close of the year 1854 the Council were informed
that it was intended to destroy the gateway of the ancient
Priory of the Holy Trinity, in Micklegate. Desirous to preserve
this last relic of the dependent buildings belonging to a religious
house, which is connected with the history of York before the
Norman Conquest, they addressed a representation to the pro-
prietor of the ground on which it stood; but were informed
that its preservation was impossible, except on conditions with
which it was not in their power to comply. While the Council
deeply regret the destruction of another of those monuments
which gave to our city its interesting and characteristic appear-
ance, they may be allowed to congratulate the citizens of York
and the lovers of antiquity in general, that so many of these are
now secured from destruction, by being included within the
precincts of a Society which appreciates their importance and
is pledged to their preservation.

Among the additions made to the Lisrary in the course of
the last year, the largest and most valuable is that of the
Philosophical Transactions from the year 1835, the donation
of the Rev. Wm. Taylor, F. R.8., an honorary member of this
Society, who has promised to present the future volumes as they
appear. Lord Londesborough has presented five more numbers
of the Miscellanea Graphica, containing engravings of works
of Medieval art from his Museum, recently enriched by many
valuable additions from the collection of Mr. Bernal. This
work is curious not only as illustrating the state of art in the
middle ages by many exquisite specimens, but as exhibiting the
perfection to which chromolithography has attained. Professor
Sedgwick has presented a copy of the beautiful and elaborate

COUNCIL FOR 1855. 11

work, by himself and Professor M‘Coy, on the fossils of the
paleozoic period. The Council have received this present with
peculiar pleasure, as an indication of his friendly feeling towards
a Society, which has always made it a primary object, to
illustrate the Geology of his native county.

Since the preparation of this Report, the Society has been
honoured by receiving from H. R. H. Prince Albert, a copy of
The Natural History of Deeside and Braemar, by the late
Dr. Wm. Macgillivray ; the manuscript of which was purchased
by the Queen from the family of the author, and has been
printed by her Majesty’s command.

The publication of a second part of the Papers read before
the Society has afforded an opportunity of effecting an exchange
with other bodies which publish reports of their proceedings.
One of these is the Church Architectural Society of the
Counties of York, Lincoln, and the Archdeaconry of North-
-ampton, whose objects, as far they embrace the illustration and
preservation of antiquities, correspond with our own. As the
‘papers communicated to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society
will not furnish for some time to come, the materials of
another: volume, it is the intention of the Council to intro-
duce into the Annual Report, instead of the mere titles hitherto
given, short abstracts of these papers, which will furnish to
non-resident members information respecting the proceedings
at our monthly meetings,

The Council have observed, with regret, the limited use made
of the Library by the members of the Society, who, as a body,
are probably little acquainted with the number and value of
the works which it contains. They have therefore determined
to print the alphabetical part of the Catalogue, which they
hope may appear in the course of the next few months, and
which will afford to those members who have no opportunity of
personally inspecting the library, the means of exercising a
privilege which now is almost nominal.

The following Meteorological Register has been received
from Mr. Ford, by whom the series of observations is carried
on.

12 REPORT OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1855.

BAROMETER. THERMOMETER.
8. bo
RAIN, Oth ae 8% 5 ~
# +3 a | 8 Gd |/eivilSel e4
3|8 | 4 alal\ a 12) 8 \es| BF
oo E 2 ra Pat 5 ) E 5, a ay
ian 4 = org Nea o iy 4
Inches.| Days ml hy =|

Jan. | 30°636) 29°734) 30°1168 ‘97
Feb. | 30°208) 29°320) 29°7646 || 1:48

April | 30°634/ 29:098} 30:0146 18
May | 30°328) 29-444) 29-7987 “88

Oct. | 30°210| 28°592) 20°5216 || 2°90 | 19 ||53°2/40°6} 46-9 |67:5/28°5|| 8 || S.W.&W.
Noy. | 30°414/ 29°488/ 29:9759 || 1°16 | 15 || 43°8) 35:8) 39°8 |52°5/23°5|| 7 || N. E.
Dec. | 30°358| 28-926) 29°7879 ‘95 | 9 || 87-8) 28°7| 33:2 | 47 | 19 || 22 || N. & W.

“oo
Oo
~a

6 34°7 | 50 | 22 || 21 || N.&N.W.

9 N. E.
Mar. | 30°538) 28°650/ 29-6062 || 1:18 | 6 ||41°6)31:1) 36:3 | 49 | 28 |! 21 || Various.

2

9

bt co
o oO
“I
bo
cn
©
wo
for)
_
or
be
eo

31°2

51°6| 85°1) 43°3 | 65 | 26 || 11 || N. & BE.
54°0| 37°7| 45°8 | 75 | 25 || 7 || N. & NE,

June | 30°464| 29°154/ 29-9006 || 2°04 | 14 ||63°2) 46:9) 55:0 | 78 | 38 || — || Southerly.
July | 30-214) 29-506) 29°8068 || 4:10 | 16 || 68-0) 51°7| 59°8 | 77 | 46 |) — || 8. & W.
Aug. | 80°344) 29°526/ 29°8735 || 3:20 | 9 ||66:4)52°2) 59°3 | 75 | 43 || — || W.

Sep. | 30°624) 29-472) 30°0683 *26| 6 ||60°8) 45:2) 53:0 | 69 | 33 || — || N. & E.

29°8529 || 19°30 | 117 44.41 125

The Meteorological Register for the year 1855 exhibits a
a lower mean temperature than that of any year in the last
quarter of a century. Every month except August was below
a mean. The average annual temperature for York, for a
period of twenty years, is 47°5; for the last ten years, 47°2,
and for the year 1855, 44°4. The day of lowest temperature
was Feb. 16, when the thermometer denoted + 1°5. The day
of highest temperature was June the seventh, 78°; the range
for the year being 76°5.

The mean temperature for February was 25°9, being twelve
degrees below a mean, and unprecedented in the registration
of the Society. ,

The amount of rain has again been below a mean. The |
quantity registered for the year is 19°3 inches.

COUNCIL FoR 1855. 13

The annual mean for 20 years is........ 24°2 inches.
os id for the last 10 years .. 233
m ‘ for the last 5 years ..21°5_,,

This series might lead to the conclusion that the annual
amount of rain was decreasing in the plain of York, were it
not for the compensations to be looked for in a longer series.
The range in the amount of rain falling at York is very exten-
sive, varying from 36 inches in 1848 to 18 inches in 1850.

The annexed table exhibits a condition in regard to the
prevalent winds, quite coincident with the diminished tempera-
ture of the year. In 1854, there were 154 days of W. and
S. W. winds against only 102 in 1855.

The Gentiana verna flowered on the 18th of May against
the 18th of April, 1854.

Two thunder storms were noticed in June; four in July;
and one on the 7th and one on the 8th August, a period, as we
have formerly observed, of the almost regular occurrence of
electrical display.

The instruments in the Observatory have been kept in order
by Mr. T. Cooke. Transits have been observed and true time
registered.

RAIN TABLE FOR 1855.

= dee eae :
e183 $13 | 8
a/P/ei/¢)/4| 4 44.41 8
oie] Sip | E&I] as |al a

Jan. | 1:19 | 0°75 | 0°90 | 0°97 | 0°43 | 0°44 0°77 | 0°59 | 0°63

A
—_ =
c> | Doncaster.
I
Oo Oo
> w| Todmorden,
—) a

0°82 | 2°64 | 0°86

Mar. | 1°51 | 0°87 | 1°80 | 1:18 | 1°25 | 1:09 | 1°35 | 0°47 | 1:93 | 2°74] 1:89

April | 0°33 | 0°50 | 0°39 | 0°18 | 0°32 | 0°76 | 0°41 | 1:05 | 0°74 | 0°98 | 0°75
May | 1°30} 1:38 | 1°52 | 0°88} 1:19 | 1:53 | 1:19 | 1:06 | 1°38 | 0°79 | 2°09

June | 3°36 | 2°37 | 2°73 | 2:04] 1°85 | 1:30] 1°52 | 3:25] 333] 4:19 | 1°74

July | 3°03 | 5:13] 5:79 | 4:10 | 2°95 | 6°06 | 4:56 | 2°73 | 3°50 | 2°97 | 1:42
Aug. | 1°75 | 2°37 | 1:73 | 3:20 | 3°25 | 1:54 | 0°98 | 2°45 | 1:27 | 2°56 | 0°81
Sept. | 0°33 | 0°37 | 0°35 | 0:26 | 0°34 0:48 | 0:47 | 0°64 | 0°99 | 0°70 | 0:26

Oct. | 3°93 | 4:25 | 4:12 | 2:90 | 2996 | 458 | 3:91 | 668 | 5:32] 6:58 | 7-89

Noy. | 2°29 | 2°25} 1:93 | 1:16 | 1:09 | 0°74] 1°04 | 1:12 | 0°88 | 1:47 | 1°74

Dec. | 3°11 | 2°88 | 1°97 | 0°95 | 0°98 | 0°70 | 0°57 | 1:13 | 0°78 | 1:88 | 1°75

24°64 | 22°75 | 25°73 | 19-30 | 18°55 | 21°33 | 19°03 | 22°17 | 23°35 | 26.35 | 20°82

14 REPORT OF THE

The Provincial Medical Association of England met again
in York in August last, and on this occasion, as on that of
their previous meeting in 1841, the Council gladly acceded
to their reque8t to be allowed to hold their sittings in the
Library and Theatre of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.
The members of the Association inspected with much in-
terest the Roman surgical instruments which are preserved
in the Society’s Museum, and which they had an oppor-
tunity of comparing with the engravings of similar in-
struments discovered in Herculaneum, and Pompei, and
figured in the dissertation of the Cavaliere Vulpes.* With
that friendly feeling which they will always entertain towards
every Society which has for its object either the discovery
of truth or the diffusion of knowledge, the Council opened
its collections to the members of the Yorkshire Union of
Institutes, which met here in the month of May under the
presidency of Lord Goderich. By an arrangement with the
York Horticultural Society, a Flower Show was held in the
grounds of the Museum, on the 3rd and 4th of July. The
display of flowers was very brilliant, the weather was auspicious,
and nearly 4000 persons were present. The Treasurer’s
accounts will show that the result was in a small degree bene-
ficial to the finances of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

From the register kept at the gates it appears that nearly 4000
persons annually pay for admission: 7000 more are admitted
by written orders. The strangers introduced personally by
members, though their numbers cannot be accurately ascer-
tained, probably exceed those who pay for admission ; and if to
these be added the multitudes who throng the Museum and
Gardens on the days of free admission at Whitsuntide, it will
be seen how largely our Institution ministers to the instruction
and gratification of the public.

When the new arrangement, sanctioned by the last Annual
Meeting, was made with Mr. Charlesworth, he undertook to
give some lectures, bearing on those facts in Natural History
which could be illustrated by specimens in the Museum. He

* Tilustrazione di tutti gli strumenti chirurgici scayati in Ercolano e in Pompei,
Napoli 1847.

COUNCIL FOR 1855. 15

accordingly delivered four evening lectures in successive weeks
in the months of October and November. The numerous
attendance, which continued undiminished to the close, attested
the interest excited by the subject and the ability and success
with which it was treated by the Lecturer. The Museum was
lighted up for the inspection of the audience at the close of
each lecture, and one evening was specially devoted by the
Curators of the several departments of Natural History to the
illustration of the collections under their charge. The Council
look forward with pleasure to the frequent employment of the
beautiful theatre of the Museum, for the purpose of scientific
instruction. Mr. Procter has commenced a course of Four
Lectures on Water, the Atmosphere and their constituents, with
illustrative experiments ; other members have promised their
assistance, and Mr. Charlesworth is prepared to proceed at the
direction of the Council with further lectures in his own branch
of science.

The Treasurer’s Report shews an excess of £52. 18s. in this
year’s expenditure above the receipts, which is to be added to
the sum of £56 11s. 11d. due to the Treasurer in January, 1855.
_ The receipts at the gate, which have varied in the course of the
last ten years between £148 and £212 (not including the
year of the Agricultural Meeting), amount this year to £160.
The receipts from the swimming bath, from the sale of the
descriptive account of the Antiquities and the hire of the tent,
exhibit an increase compared with last year. The general
financial result would have been much more favourable, but for
the heavy items of the cost of the Second Part of the Proceed-
ings, the repairs and painting of the Museum and Cottages in
Marygate, and the repairs of the House occupied by Major
Mein, amounting together to upwards of £170. It must also
be observed that the entrance fee being now spread over three
years, the Society will not have derived, till 1857, the whole
benefit of the admissions which have taken place in 1855.
Although the balance due to the Treasurer, therefore, is large,
the Council hope that they shall be able to restore the
equilibrium of receipts and expenditure, without neglecting
any of the great objects for the promotion of which the York-
shire Philosophical Society was established.

16 REPORT OF THE

The result of the changes in the laws which were made
at the last annual meeting, and of some new regulations
adopted by the Council has been upon the whole very satis-
factory. The return to the original plan of receiving written
orders of admission at the gate has met with general appro-
bation, and has removed some causes of complaint which
formerly existed. By the system of filing the orders it has been
found easy to check any infringement of the rule which limits
the admissions of each member to one hundred persons. The
extension of the hours during which the Museum and Hospitium
are kept open through the Summer months, has not only been
acceptable to the members of the Society, but has proved a great
accommodation to strangers, making a short stay in York.

By far the most important of these changes, however, is that
which was adopted at a special general meeting, and which
allows the entrance money to be spread over three years,
instead of being added to the first year’s subscription. To this
change, and to the zealous exertions of Mr. Charlesworth, it
has been chiefly owing that the accession of new members since
the last annual meeting has exceeded the experience of any
year, since the first establishment of the Society. Besides
Associates and Lady Subscribers, thirty-six new Subscribers
(including those elected this day) have been admitted. It is
unfortunately true that this increase is in some measure
balanced by an unusual number of deaths, resignations and
removals during the year 1855; but the true mode of estima-
ting its importance is to consider what the state of the Society’s
finances would have been, if this decrease had taken place
without any countervailing accession. The total number of
members at the commencement of 1855 was 311; it is now 328.
These accessions have been derived chiefly from residents in
York, and the attention of the Council has been anxiously
directed to the means of arresting the rapid diminution of
county members. For this purpose it was determined to
submit to a special general meeting, a proposition that no
admission fee should in future be required from candidates
residing seven miles from York. This meeting was held on
Oct. 3rd, Lord Londesborough in the chair; and the measure

COUNCIL FOR 1855. I7

recommended by the Council was unanimously adopted. A
circular letter was subsequently addressed to all the members
residing in the county, informing them of this change, and
earnestly appealing to them to exert their personal influence in
order to effect an object, the accomplishment of which the
General Meeting had declared to be essential to the well-being
of the Society. The time that has elapsed has been too short
to allow of a conclusion as to the ultimate success of this appeal ;
but the election of five or six county members which has
already taken place is an auspicious beginning, and appears to
the Council to warrant the hope of a revival of that zealous
support which the Society formerly enjoyed on the part of the
inhabitants of the county, and deprived of which it must.
contract the sphere of its operations, and abandon the high
position which it has hitherto maintained.

The Council consider the arrangement made with Mr.
Charlesworth at the commencement of 1855, in other respects
very satisfactory, but since its success, as regards the finances
of the Society, is still doubtful, they have for the present only
extended it to another year. The Honorary Secretaries offer
the continuance of their services for the same period.

.

18

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1856.

Or. RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURE. Dr.
1855. Se tiide 1855. Eh: Bein Oe aimee Be . he
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 495 1 0 Crown Rent..........4+ 1500
Admission of New Members ...... 78 0 0 Rent to Corporation.... 5111 3
Composition in lieu of Subscription 25 0 0 Rates and Taxes ...... 4 8 6
PSAOOTOIOD ete usesstscdwapberscces 8 0 0 Insurance & Water Rent 11 6 0
Ladies’ Subscriptions ............ 43 0 0 : erent OF"
Rents scsaseacacecisroaccapeasaces 10L: 3.6. *|, Salaries and Wages :
Money received at the Gate ..... . 1600 3 8 Keeper of the Museum
Swiaeraing Bath (deducting expen- and Assist. Secretary 200 0 0
Ce) ob ON dio ente SAE be Mike CEA RAO LAS Sub-Curator.......... 100 0 0
Koya: bf thin Gates bs Ghleale «Laem eens YNOP 3G Servant ....¢esesse+s- 20 0 0
Sale of Guide to Antiquities Sees F720 Lodge Keeper........ 20 0 0
Temporary Subscribers .......... 3 0 0 Labourers.....+.+ r+++ 15217 0
Sale of Proceedings ............+ oe 10. Clerk, half year due
Horticultural Show .............. M416 7 Feb., 1855 ...-.+.... 1210 0
MOG OF LONE Sec ccesdesvecees See'se thet EO) Collector hey is % 0°90
Attendant, Hospitium 716 0
—— 518 3 0
Interest on Debt to Dec. 31, 1855:
Insurance Company ............ 71 2 1
Museum Gardens, &c,:
General Repairs...... 153 2 9
Purchase and Prepara-
tion of Specimens... ll 5 6
ee 8 3
Library, Books and Binding ...... 32 8 8
Publication of Proceedings ...... 83 2 0
Incidental Expenses:
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery .... 29 5 9
Coals and Gas........ 75 2 9
Postage, Carriage, and
Total Income ........eecscceeeses 1044 4 0 Sundries .......... 55 3 9
Excess of Expenditure............ 5218 0 159 12 3
£1097 2 0 | Total Expenditure ..............£1097 2 0
Permanent Debt: Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance Yorkshire Insurance
Company sseeees. £1900 0 0 Company .......... 1900 0 0
Five Members at £50 Due to Five Members
each ...... S aeetia ee: (Oe £50 each........... 250 0 0
2150 0 0 2150 0 0
Balance due to the Due to Treasurer Jan.,
Treasurer Jan.1856 109 911 TODD ial ceeanle'e vere eae 56 11 11
Piiiae Total Debt of Society,
Pups ike to's a oe ea 2206 11 11
Excess of Expenditure
ROOD Sevane eau bus e bs ‘ 5218 0
Total Debt of the So- ———
ciety, Jan., 1856 .. £2259 9 11 £2259 911
—— —_———_—_—_——
Feb. 4th, 1856, Audited by me,

WM. L. NEWMAN.

WILLIAM GRAY, TREASURER.

19

MEMBERS
ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1855.

1855.

Agar, John, Brock/field.

Bagley, Richard, York.

Bainbridge, John, jun., York.

Brown, James, Rossington, Bantry.
Cattle, Miss, York.

Collier, William, York.

Cookson, Edw. B.,; York.

Coultas, John, York.

Dale, Robt., York.

Farrar, Jas. W., Ingleborough.
Greenwood, Wm., York.

Hill, Samuel, North and East Riding Asylum.
Hotham, Capt., York.
Jackson, Henry, F. R. C. 8., Sheffield.
Matthews, John, M. D., York.
Milbanke, Lady, York.

Noble, Thos. 8., York.

Palmer, Rev. H. V., York.

Phillips, Mrs. Thomas, York.

Porter, Septimus, York.

Prance, Robt. R., York.

Pritchett, J. B., York.

Robinson, Rey. H. G., York.
Simpson, J. H., York.

Short, Rev. H., York.

Smithson, Robt., York.

Swaine, Edwd., York.

Thompson, Edwin, York.

Thompson, H. S., Fairfield.

1856.

Copley, Geo., Nether Hall, Doncaster.
Creyke, Ralph, Rawcliffe Hall, Selby.
Lawson, Andrew S., Boroughbridge.
Markham, Hy., Robt.

Tabor, John, York.

Wilkinson, Joseph, York.
Wightman, John, York.

20

ALTERATIONS

IN THE LAWS OF THE SOCIETY, MADE AT SPECIAL GENERAL
MEETINGS, IN 1855.

Marcu 6th.—That Rule 1, Section IV., be amended by adding
“but a Member, instead of paying £5 on Admission, may pay £3 Sub-
scription for the first three years.”

Ocrozer 3rd.—That Rule III., Section IV., be altered so as to
_ stand thus: “ Honorary Members and Contributors of fifteen pounds
and upwards to the Building Fund, shall, on becoming Subscribing
Members, be exempted from the payment of the admission money of
three pounds. Subscribing Members residing seven miles and upwards
from York, and Widows of deceased Members desirous of continuing
their Husbands’ Subscriptions, shall also be exempted from the pay-
ment of admission money.”

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, Fes. 6ru, 18656.

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents,
and Members of Council retiring from Office, and to the Secretaries
and Curators, for their valuable services.

3. That the authority given to the Council last year, with respect
to the holding one or more Horticultural Meetings in the Society's
Grounds, and the admission of Strangers and temporary Subscribers,
be continued.

21

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,

1855.

Aprit.—Tue Rev. Joun Kenrick read the first part of a paper
on Roman Sepulchral Inscriptions. Those which are found in Britain
are usually brief and chiefly military, and devoid of any beauty of
sentiment, though the Society’s Museum contains one of touching
simplicity, that on Simplicia Florentina, by her father. The number
and length of such records is usually an indication of the extent of the
prevalence of the Latin language in any country, and the wealth of its
population. Hence, after Rome itself, the North of Italy, the South of
Gaul, and the Spanish Peninsula have furnished the largest number of
inscriptions. Britain was poor, and the Latin language not widely
diffused nor deeply rooted. The Latin sepulchral inscriptions were
designed not only to commemorate the age and station of the deceased,
but to secure the ground from being claimed by the heirs, to warn
passers by against violation, to perpetuate the performance of funereal
rites and honours. Besides the light which they throw on manners
and sentiments, they illustrate the orthography and etymology of the
language, preserving ancient forms, which have been obliterated in
MSS., from the tendency of transcribers to accommodate these things
to the usage of their own times. Examples were given of the senti-
ments expressed on Roman tombs, by parents towards children,
children towards parents (which are comparatively rare), husbands
and wives towards each other; the latter class indicating, that what-
ever might be the laxity of morals among the higher orders, or the
abuse of divorce, mutual affection and happiness were the general
characteristics of the conjugal relation among the Romans.

May.—Tue Rey. Joun Kenrick concluded his observations on
Roman Sepulchral Inscriptions, treating particularly of the indications

22

of religious belief and feeling which they contain. The usual heading
of D. M. (Diis Manibus) might seem a proof of the universal belief in
the existence of the disembodied spirit, but we know from the Latin
writers that such a belief had worn out, and that few had any faith in
the separate existence of the soul, or a state of retribution. The
sentiment of submission to the Divine will is wholly unknown in the
Roman inscriptions. The gods are accused, in no measured terms, for
their cruelty in blighting the hopes of parents or interrupting the
happiness of matrimony. The only topics of consolation adverted to
are, that longer life might have been only a calamity, or that the
survivor would soon rejoin those for whom he mourned. Excess of
sorrow is forbidden, on the ground that what was suffered was only
the common lot of humanity. A remarkable difference is observable
between the characters of deceased persons, as delineated on Roman
and on Christian monuments. In the former, we find mention made
of the erection of a fountain, the dedication of a temple, the bequest of
a public legacy ; but none of acts of social benevolence, of a life devoted
to the alleviation of misery, or the removal of ignorance. The general
conclusion drawn from the indications of the state of religious faith
and moral feeling, conveyed by the Roman sepulchral inscriptions was,
that the time was fully come when Revelation was needed to prevent
mankind from being divided between scepticism and superstition.
The principal collections of inscriptions were enumerated, with a
caution against the forgeries which have been mischievously obtruded
upon the world.

Junz.—A paper by the Rev. Jonn Warp, of Wath, near Ripon,
on the encaustic tiles of Jervaulx Abbey, was read by the Rev. J.
Kenrick, who prefaced the reading with some remarks on the origin of
this manufacture, examples of which have been found at Nemroud, and
which was introduced into Spain by the Moors, who may have learnt
it from the remains of the Assyrian cities, during the residence of the
Caliphs at Bagdad. It was introduced into England in the thirteenth
century, and splendid examples of it are found in various churches
and chapter houses, but none which equal in beauty and richness those
which a few years ago remained at Jervaulx, and of which drawings,
on the scale of the original, had been presented to the Society by
Mr. Ward. The Abbey was founded in 1166, and the whole pave-
ment had been laid with encaustic tiles of a great variety of design.
Eight large patterns had been introduced in various parts, the
drawings of which were exhibited to the meeting. It is remarkable,

23

that there does not appear to be any religious symbolism, either in the
design or their arrangement, though Mr. Ward thought that the tiles
might contain an allusion to the chequered path of life, and that the
narrow course in one part of the church might typify the straight gate
and narrow road which lead to heaven.

Mr. Pritchett called attention to the revival of the manufacture of
encaustic tiles in modern times, especially by Mr. Minton, of the
Staffordshire Potteries, and produced a number of patterns of his
workmanship, far exceeding in colour and design any remains of
medieval art.

DecemBer.—TuE Rev. J. Kenrick read a paper on the Sarco-
phagus of a king of Sidon, called Asmunezer, recently discovered in
the neighbourhood of that city, and exhibited a facsimile of the
inscription, in the Pheenician character, with a transcript in Hebrew
and a translation by Dr. Dietrich, Professor at Marburg, in Germany,
The first part contains a warning against the violation of the tomb,
enforced by a variety of imprecations; the second, an account of the
great works which the king had performed for Sidon, and a supplica-
tion to the “Lord of kings” on behalf of its inhabitants. The age
of the monument is not easily ascertained, as the name of
Asmunezer does not occur in any list of kings, and he dates by his
own regnal years. But it is probable that he lived between the
conquest of Phcenicia by Cambyses, 526 B.C., and that by Alexander,
332 B.C., therefore during the time when the kings of that country
enjoyed their titles and power, though dependent on Persia. The
language is closely allied to the Hebrew, and several instances of
correspondence between this inscription and the Scriptures were pointed
out.

JanvaRy, 1856.—A drawing was exhibited of an altar,
recently deposited in the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, by Geo. J.. Jarratt, Esq., of Doncaster; in whose house it was
found in 1781. By the kindness of the Rev. Joseph Hunter, V.P.S.A.,
the, Society is. enabled to give the annexed wood-cut, originally used
in his History of the Deanery of Doncaster. This altar is dedicated
to the Dew Matres, goddesses not. known: in the older Roman
Pantheon, but, extensively worshipped at a later period in Gaul,
Germany and Britain. The inscription has been: variously read:
Martripus * Maenis> Nonnivs: Antonius oB* RomMANORUM: TOTAM*
ALAM}* VOTUM* SOLVIT’ LUBENS)* MERITO* or Marripus:* Marcus -

24

site
metus

—
rf

(tl
Rl ie

NanTonivs * ORBIOTALIS V. 8. L. M., or lastly, by a transposition of
the fourth line, to follow the first, as suggested by Mr. C. Roach >
Smith, Matrisus * Orpis * TOTALIS* Marcus NANTONIUS V. S. L. M.

Mr. Procter then read a paper on the result of the examination of
a. tumulus lately opened at Sowerby, near Thirsk. The investigation
was begun by Lady Frankland Russell, and continued by the York-
shire Antiquarian Club. The tumulus is 140 yards in circumference
and 18 feet high. Three male skeletons were found in it, laid E. and
W., but two of them with their heads to the E. and one to the W.
There were discovered also masses of calcined bones, fragments of
Roman pottery, three Roman coins of a late age and a small fragment
of Samian ware. Near one of the skeletons was found the boss of a
shield of the ordinary Saxon character, seven inches across, composed
of iron, the brass rivets still remaining by which it had been attached
to the wood. The head of a spear, seven inches in length, lay by the
side of this skeleton, and the remains of a knife or dagger of iron
across the hip of the second, Portions of broken urns were found

25

beneath the head of the third skeleton ; the jaws of a boar, the antlers
of a deer, the tooth of a horse and the bones of other animals were
found in different parts of the tumulus. Mr. Procter concluded from
the various indications offered by these remains, that the tumulus was
neither British nor Roman but Saxon. The boss of the shield was
decidedly indicative of a Teutonic tribe; the spear and the dagger
are the usual accompaniments of a Saxon interment, as seen in the
Driffield graves opened by the Antiquarian Club. It is true the
pottery and the coins are Roman, but the Saxons at this time
generally used the Roman pottery, and Roman and Byzantine coins
are frequently found in graves, which other circumstances prove
to be Saxon. The presence of the bones of animals is an indication of
the feasts which our pagan ancestors celebrated over the graves of
their dead. The Germans, as we learn from Tacitus, committed the
warrior’s horse along with his own body, to the flames. The Sowerby
tumulus presented traces both of cremation and interment, and Mr.
Procter was therefore disposed to refer it to the sixth or seventh
century, when cremation, which had been the general practice of the
Saxons, began to give way to interment, as practised by the Christians
and later Romans. The remains found in the tumulus by Lady
Frankland Russell and the Yorkshire Antiquarian Club, have been
presented to the Society, and will be placed in its Museum, beside
the similar objects derived from the Driffield graves.

26

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Committee of York Medical
School ..... sen sanrbonpsides
Hull Philosophical Society Cast of the Earl of Enniskillen’s
Plesiosaurus macrocephalus (in ex-

Fossil cranium of Bos longifrons.

change. )
Bainbridge, Mr. John, jun. Semifossil bone of a large Whale.
Cholmeley, H. P., Esq.... Various mammalian Fossils from the
Cave at Kirkdale.
Harcourt, Rev. Canon...... Various Fossils.
Leckenby, John, Esq....... Fine example of Orthopteris Beanii
from Gristhorpe.
Sharpin, Mr. S. ......00..0000. Portion of the femur of the Deinornis,
from New Zealand.
Statham, Rev. F., (Wal-) Bulimus ellipticus, from the Isle of
orth }. ssiesbhe cost tase bere Wight.
Row, Rev. Geo. ...+0+. «.. New Species of Trigonia from the Marsk
Tron Stone (in exchange.)
Wood, Edwd., Esq., (Rich- ) Specimensof the New Encrinite (Wood-
ocrinus, see p. 8.)
Fossil Fish from the Magnesian Lime-
stone (in exchange.)

MOM). ccosdredsactdpsezes

ZOOLOGY.
Clark, Joseph, Esq., (Cin- ) Additional American Land and Fresh-
GARLE)) ssiiidsvewineids sendes water Shells.
Hewitson, W. C., Esq........ Collection of Foreign Butterflies. (See
page 8.)
Lister, John, Esq., (Don- ) Fine example of Neptune's Cup Sponge.
CASLET) secececvereoees Sae'ees (See page 8.)
Melville, Profr., (Galway ) Irish examples of Caryophyllia Smithii.
Swaine, Edwd., Esq.......... Specimen of the Blind Worm, in Spirits.

Osmant, Miss, (Cirencester) Specimen of the Sea Mouse ( Aphrodita).
Warren,T.W.,Esq.,( Dublin) Several rare British Shells.

27

ANTIQUITIES.
Davies, Robt., Esq. .......... Coin of Canute, and one of Edward the
Confessor.
Harcourt, Rev. Canon ...... A Coin of Henry II.

Club, Yorkshire Antiquarian ) Various objects found in a Tumulus
Russell, Lady Frankland ... near Thirsk. (See page 9.)

Meyers, Rev. Thos. seeeeeeee Small medieval urn, found at Ipswich.
Munby, Joseph, Esq. ...... A Jetton.

Read, Wm. Rudston ....... Coin of Gallienus ITI., brass.

Shann, Dr........00..seseeeeee. | Warious Coins from near Tadcaster.

Thomeas,. Mg. scsisadivsadens .- Roman leaden Coffin, containing a
Skeleton. (See page 9.)
Wellbeloved, Rey. C....... A Penny of Henry III., and a York

Half-penny, Samuel Saire, 1669.

Williams, Lawrence, Esq. Mummy of an Ibis, and parts of a
human Mummy.

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of......... Greenwich Astronomical and Magne-
tical Observations, 1853.
Association, British, for the
Advancement of Science
Society of Antiquaries, of
MIONGON 555 oi oce 035 eben 58
Society, Geological, of Lon-
MOS aI AGH eae
Society, Chemiedd, of London Quarterly Journal, for 1855.
Society, Royal,of Edinburgh Transactions, vol. 21, part 1. Proceed-
ings, 1853—54.
Society, Numismatic......... Proceedings of, for 1853—54.
Society, Literary and Phil-
osophical, of Manchester
Society, Historic, of Lan- 6

Report for 1854.
Archeologia, vol. 36.

Quarterly Journal, 1855.

Memoirs, vol. 12.

cashire and Cheshire.. Transactions, vol. 7.

Society, Liverpool, Biieraty
and Philosophical ...... ove
Liverpool Archwxologicaland
Architectural Society ...

Proceedings, 1854—5.

Vol. 1 and vol. 2, part 1.

28

Society, Architectural, of
York, Lincoln, North-
ampton, Bedford, and
Bt. AIDRMN 5s .sccsssscseneces

United States, Patent Office Reports of the Commissioners of Patents

for 1854.
Albert, H. R. H. Prince .... The Natural History of Deeside, by the
late Wm. McGillivray. (Seepage 11.)
Baker, Mr. J.G. Thirsk .... An attempt to classify the Flowering
Plants and Ferns of Great Britain,
according to their Geognostic Re-
lations.
Charlesworth, Edwd., Esq. Hope's Coleopterist’s Manual. De
Koninck on the Encrinites of the

5 vols. of Reports and Papers.

Mountain Limestone of Belgium.
Christmas, Rev. Hy........... Letter to the President of the Society
of Antiquaries.

Clark, Joseph, Esq., Cincin- Lea’s Rectification of the Naides.

MUS vcaccncsevecebavessenses ves
Cooper, E. J., Esq. ......... Markree Catalogue of Stars, vol. 3.
Forbes, Professor J. D.,) The Tour of Mont Blanc and of Monte

Edinburgh «2... 0 Siveesede Rosa.

Hollings, J.F.,Esq., Leicester Roman Leicester. A Paper read before
the Leicester Literary and Philoso-
phical Society.

Londesborough, Lord ...... Miscellanea Graphica, parts 2—6.
Mayer, Joseph, Esq. ...... History of the Art of Pottery in Liver-
pool.

Rhind, Hy., F.S.A. ...00 British Antiquities; their present treat-

ment and their real claims.

Sedgwick, Professor ...... British Paleozoic Fossils, by Sedgwick
and Mc Coy (See page 11.)

Smith, C. R., Esq. ......... Antiquities of France. On Anglo-Saxon
Antiquities, by Thos. Wright, M. A.,
with a particular reference to the
Faussett Collection.

Taylor, Rev. Wm., London Transactions of the Royal Society from
1836 to 1854. (See Page 10.)

Wood, Edwd., Esq., Rich- Memoir by De Koninck, on a new genus

mond ..... eahiitansasecackes of Encrinites.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R.S., (10 parts published).

Birds of Australia, by the same, supplementary parts, (2 published).

Birds of Asia, folio, by the same, (7 parts published).

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (6 parts published).

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species chiefly selected
from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and W.C. Hewitson.
By W.C. Hewitson. (14 Nos. published.)

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1 to
9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8vo.)

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with Plates.

Publications of the Palzontographical Society, received in 1855.
British Cretaceous Brachiopoda, part 2. Reptilia of the Wealden
Formations, part 2. Mollusca of the great Oolite, part 3. British
Fossil Corals, part 5. British Fossil Balanidee and Verrucide.
Fossil Mollusca of the English Chalk, part 2. Fossil Shells of
the London Clay, part 3.

Publications of the Ray Society. No issue in 1855.

Reliquize Antique Eboracenses, by Wm. Bowman, (3 parts published).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (16 parts pub-
blished).

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.

The Phytologist, monthly.

London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

WORKS PURCHASED.

Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli
Apenini. By G. Brocchi. 2 vols. 4to.

Ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs. By John Kenrick, M. A.
2 vols. 8vo.

Phenicia. By the same. 1 vol. 8vo.

‘

ache ge dle”

me eat.

. : ae Porksbire Philosophical Society.
- ANNUAL REPORT
MDCCCLVI.

«

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLVI.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1857.

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1857.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEODM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

CHARLES WILLIAM, EARL FITZWILLIAM.
THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

HON, anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D. D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.R.S.

PATRONESSES

Dorkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.

EARL FITZWILLIAM, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1857.

PRESIDENT :
Earu Frrzwitiiam, F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpgEssoroven, F. R. 8.
Rev. C. WELLBELOVED.

Joun Putturrs, F.R.S.

Wma. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
Wii1am Procter.

Rey. Canon Hey.

Cuas. W. SrrickLanp.

Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F.R.S.

TREASURER :
Witt1Am Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL :

Elected 1855, ...W. ANDERSON.
Rev. Tuos. Barty.
Rev. THomas Myers.
JoHn KitcuHina.
Elected 1856. ...James Meex, Junior.
G. F. Jonzs.
G. H, Seymour.
Elected 1857, ...Roserr Davies, F.S. A.
JoHNn Forp.
Rev. Henry Snorrv.
Epwp. SwaAInNr.
Gro. WILson.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

SECRETARIES :

Rev. J. Kenrick.
Tuos. ALLIs.

Da eee

ASSISTANT SECRETARY :

Epw. CHarieswortu, F.G.S.

CURATORS :

MINERALOGY ;
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY
British ORNITHOLOGY
INSECTS AND CRUSTACEA
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LIBRARY AND MANUSCRIPTS .

OssERVATORY & METEOROLOGY,
under the Care of a Committee
consisting of

Witi1am Procter.

Tuomas ALLIS.

W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
Rev. Canon Hey.

Rey. CHarLes WELLBELOVED.
Rev. J. Kenrick.

a Rev. W. V. Harcourt,

F.R.S.
T. S. Nosiz.
Wma. Gray, F.G.S.
JoHn Forp.
Rev. Canon Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Epwarp CHARLESWORTH.

re

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAInes.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 3, 1857.

Tue Annual Reports of a Society which to-day enters on
the 35th year of its existence, and whose objects and operations
have been long defined, cannot be expected to afford much
novelty. Nevertheless, each year that elapses is marked by
some special events of which the members at large will be
desirous to receive an account; and with each new year some
plans for the future suggest themselves, which it is the duty of
the Council to communicate. Following the usual order the
present Report will first record the operations of the Society
during the past year.

To the Geological Department of the Museum, C. W. Strick-
land, Esq. and Mr. Slater have presented various interesting
fossils from the Oolite of Hildenley and Malton; Mr. Wm.
Reed, a slab of undescribed encrinites from the Dudley
limestone ; and Mr. Charles Wilkinson, a curious specimen of
the scar of one of the species of fossils plants called Ulodendron.
Mr. Charlesworth is at present engaged in shifting the whole
of the Geological collection, so as to admit of the ledges upon
which the specimens are placed being cleaned and re-painted—
an undertaking which when accomplished will effect a most
important improvement in the general appearance of this
portion of the Museum. At the same time, printed labels will
be substituted for those written in ink, which has become

8 REPORT OF THE

illegible, and such other changes will be introduced as are
required by the present state of scientific nomenclature.

Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, whose name has so often appeared
as a donor to the Society’s collections, has this year again con-
tributed some beautiful land and fresh-water shells from the
district in which he resides: from T. W. Warren, Esq., of
Dublin, have been received some rare and choice British shells ;
and from H. Peckitt, Esq., a fine pair of the gigantic clam
shells (Tridacna gigas), placed in front of the Sub-Curator’s
house. Other donations to this department will be found
enumerated in the catalogue annexed to the Report.

The Misses Cheap have presented a valuable collection, con-
sisting principally of the skulls of the larger carnivora and
horns of various species of buffalo, deer, &c.; and also a small
gavial, or Gangetic crocodile, which is distinguished from all
its living congeners by the great elongation of its jaws, and
the coalescence of the halves of the lower jaw, throughout
nearly their entire length. In this peculiarity the gavial
agrees with the earliest known fossil crocodiles, those of the
lias of Whitby and the oolite of Malton; while the other
forms of living crocodiles are not found in any strata, older
than the tertiary. It is thus the only link which connects the
forms of ancient periods with those of the present day, and as
such will be regarded with peculiar interest.

The collection of insects and crustacea has been increased
by the donation of some American and Chinese insects from
Mr. H. Watson, and a box of foreign insects, including some
very singular and rare forms, from Mr. W. Cooper, of York.
As the Society’s collections, in this branch of natural history,
are of necessity not exposed to public view, the Curator thinks
it desirable that the members should be reminded that they are
valuable and extensive, and that they may, at any time, be
inspected, on application to himself, or the Keeper of the
Museum.

Several valuable additions have been made to the ANTI-
QUARIAN DEPARTMENT of the Museum during the past year.
Lord Londesborough has presented to the Society a large
portion of a hoard of Roman coins, discovered in January,

COUNCIL FOR 1856. 9

1856, at Methall, near Warter, on the Wolds. They are
upwards of 1,500 in number, of the age of Gallienus and the
so-called Thirty Tyrants, and, with the exception of a few of
silver, or plated with silver, are all of the third brass. Before
they were presented to the Society they had been examined
and carefully classified by Mr. Roach Smith. Fifty-three
coins, from the same hoard, have been presented by Wm.
Rudston Read, Esq. The Curator has made a selection of the
most perfect of all the different types, which he has arranged
and catalogued, and placed in separate slides within the
cabinet. He has also, with the assistance of Mr. Davies, made
a chronological catalogue and abstract of some ancient grants
of land to the Priory of Guisborough and other documents
of a later age, which form part of a bequest of the late Eustace
Strickland. The Society possesses a collection of modern
medals, in bronze and silver, which have long remained dis-
persed in its cabinets. These, the Curator has lately arranged
and catalogued, describing, as far as he could, the events which
they are severally designed to commemorate.

With these evidences of Mr. Wellbeloved’s devotion to the
interests of the Society, and his continued power of promoting
them, the Council were very reluctant to accept the resignation
of his Curatorship, which he recently tendered to them, and
they have no doubt that the members will hear, with much
pleasure, that he has consented to resume it, relying on the
assistance of the Secretaries to supply the want of his personal
superintendence and inspection.

A hoard of Saxon silver coins, consisting chiefly of those
denominated “ Saints,’ the production of the ancient York
mint, was discovered in Walmgate, in April last, and two
of them have been deposited in the cabinet of the Society.
The Curator has also placed in it twelve of a hoard of silver
pennies of the short-crossed money of Henry II. or III.
Various articles of Roman pottery have been added to our
collection, amongst which the most remarkable is an infant’s
feeding-bottle, found near the Mount. It was deemed so
curious by Professor Simpson, of Edinburgh, that at his
request it was lent to him, for the purpose of illustrating a

10 REPORT OF THE

paper which he was about to read at the Meeting of the
Archeological Institute, in that city. Edward H. Reynard,
Esq., of Sunderlandwick, near Driffield, has presented to the
Museum a coffin, supposed to be British, of unusual dimen-
sions, hollowed from the trunk of an oak, and containing,
when discovered, the remains of several skeletons.

Other antiquities, not of a local character, have been
received during the year: from the Rev. J. J. Harrison, some
fictile vases and other objects from the Museum at Kertch ;
from the Misses Cheap, a collection made by their late brother
during his travels in Egypt.

The Lisrary has received from Lord Londesborough the
successive numbers of his Miscellanea Graphica, now ap-
proaching completion ; from the Spalding Club a beautiful and
instructive volume ‘ On the Sculptured Stones of Scotland ;”
from the Board of Admiralty a volume of Magnetical Obser-
vations ; and from various Scientific and Literary Societies
copies of their Transactions and Proceedings. Some valuable
Works have also been added, by purchase, to the Library ;
in Natural History, the beautiful work “On the Ferns of
Great Britain and Ireland,” illustrated by the new process of
nature printing. In antiquities, the concluding numbers of
the Monastic Remains of Yorkshire, published by Mr. Sunter,
under the editorship of Archdeacon Churton; Artis’s Duro-
brive, and Faussett’s Inventorium Sepulcrale, containing an
account of those researches among the Kentish Tumuli, which
gave the first insight into the proper classification of Saxon
antiquities.

The Alphabetical Catalogue has been transcribed, and is
ready for printing, whenever it may be thought expedient.

According to the report of the Curator of MerroroLoGIcaL
InstruMENts (Mr. Ford) the amount of rain for York has
exceeded, in the last year, a mean quantity of about 2 inches.
This excess has not compensated for the defect of the three
previous years. The following statement seems to indicate a
tendency to a diminished annual fall in the plain of York :—

ll

Inches.
24.423

usive ..

COUNCIL FOR 1856.
fon 2G years). 4/.s6ais clas os. se £8940
FOR ABGS 4 By io ons 6 pn oid wind bn Oe OS

b
3)

RAIN FALL, YORKSHIRE, 1856.

”

”
9?

Mean annual fall, from 1831 to 1851, incl

< ae , ; d
a |oa | " & Z a

Jan. | 1°60 | 2°70 | 2°76 2°17 4°58 | 3°63 | 2°81
Feb. 81 | 2:05 | 2°26 1°45 3°80 | 6°32 | 4°62
Mar. "20 | 0°49 | 0:37 0°35 0°44 | 0°04 | O11
April} 2°65 | 2°88 | 4:00 2°70 3°84 | 1:65 | 2°93
May | 3°07 | 4:12) 4:12 3°98 4:44 | 1:18 | 4°19
June | 2°13 | 1°50 | 1°50 1°45 3°78 | 0-76 | 2°27
July | 3°12 | 2°04 | 4:37 2°25 1°71 | 2:02 | 2°38
Aug. | 2°58 | 3°76 | 4:00 4°15 4°68 | 5°90 | 5°46
Sep. | 3:26 | 4°45 | 4:06 2°98 412 | 5:35 | 3°56
Oct, | 1°61 | 1°67 | 2°50 1:67 3°18 | 2°26 | 2°42
Noy. | 1°64 1°71 | 2°50 0:97 1°10 | 2°44 | 1:22
Dec. | 1°43 | 1°92 | 2°00 2°07 4:42 | 6°39 | 6°30

24°10 | 29°29 | 34°42 26°19 40°09 | 37°94 | 38°27

1 districts from the

ogica

|

limestone, including the Wolds, the

Oolitic hills, the upper red sandstone plain, the broad and

ibited in a series of places, from Scarbro’, in the east, to
ranging over geo

In the foregoing table the rain-fall for the year 1856, is

chalk to the mountain

Settle, in the west ;

e€

#3 REPORT OF THE

lofty undulations of the coal measures, and the still more lofty
and abrupt elevations of the mountain limestone in the west
and south.
Six of the localities are to the east of York, and six to the west.
The average fall for the thirteen places is .... 31°06
¥ or tthe six eastern 0105 Secon eoee aes. WO OF
ay jy D enveptetah sg oar ea eS pee es GL
The fall for York 26°19, being less than either of the
averages. The Council would be glad to receive returns from
many other districts. Such returns made regularly over a
series of years, are valuable contributions to one branch of the
Meteorology of our county.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1856.

BAROMETER. RAIN. THERMOMETER.

iE
me ee Ee
Bod Re deg te ag E gle|2i 4
2/b&|/ 8 |e lelalel = jalela| 3
Hi) ae; a |] 8 Fie sl] gs lal sy | eB
aes pean ane |
a {|<

35°7 | 48 | 14 || 15 || N. W.
39°9 | 54 | 23 || 10 || S. W.
Mar. | 30°692/ 29°820/ 30°161|| °*35 | 4 || 42°6) 32°2| 37:4 | 49 | 20 || 18 | N. EB.

Jan. | 30°630, 28°708/ 29°531)| 2°17 | 21 || 39-4

eo ww
a Ss
wy. ©

Feb. | 30°620) 29'536| 29:941|| 1°45 | 12 || 44:1

April | 30°354| 29°212| 29°768|| 2°70 | 13 || 51°9| 36-4) 44:1 | 62 | 27 || 5 | NVE
May | 30:272/ 29°158| 29°826}| 3°98 | 19 || 54:0} 40°0} 47:0 | 65 | 26 || 3 | N.E
June | 30°300) 29°442| 29°901)| 1°45 | 8 || 62°4)48°5} 55:4 | 78 | 40 0 || S. W.
July | 30°320| 29°396| 29°859)| 2°25 | 10 || 65:1) 49°6) 57°83 | 74 | 41 0 || W.
Aug. | 30°366| 29°394| 29°821|| 4:15 | 13 || 67-8) 52°6} 60°2 | 81 | 43 || O || W.

Sep. | 30°296] 29-020; 22:598)| 2°98 | 18 || 57°7| 46:4) 52:1 | 65 | 35 1 |} N.E.
Oct. | 30:594| 29-452) 30-084); 1°67 | 12 || 53:0) 44-8} 48°9 | 58 | 84 || 2 1/8. E.
Noy. | 30°680) 29°472| 29°977|| -97 | 18 || 42°7| 82-8! 37-7 | 58 | 16 || 18 || N. W.
Dec. | 30°534)| 28°838) 29°663)| 2°07 | 12 || 41°5| 82:9} 37:2 | 60} 6 || 19 || N. W.

30-6921 28-708 29'844|| 26-19 155 46:09 | 81| 6 || 91

DIRECTION OF THE WIND.
N. 8. E. W. N.E. N.W. 8.E. 8. W.
19 31 44 57 58 46 48 58

COUNCIL FOR 1856. 13

The temperature of the year has been 1°4 below a mean of
20 years. The range of temperature has been considerable,
viz., from 6° December 4 to 81° August 2. The range in
December was extraordinary, from 6° on the 4th of the month
to 60° on the 7th. A severe frost set in November 25th, and
lasted till the 5th of December. The extremely sudden and
rapid thaw occasioned a flood in the Ouse of 14 feet 3 inches
above the summer level. This was the highest flood since
February, 1831, when the Ouse rose 17 feet above the summer
level. Nine months out of the twelve were below a mean
temperature. September, when the interests of the northern
harvest were at stake, was 2° below a mean, and the fall of
rain nearly one inch above a mean. Thunderstorms were of
more frequent occurrence than usual; one of considerable
force occurred on the 12th February after a long continuance
of S.W. wind. Another on the 4th of April from the S.W.
There were five electric displays in May of more or less
violence ; none in June; three in July; four in August; and
two in September.

Immediately after the last Annual Meeting, a Lecture was
delivered “On Extinct Animals,” by Mr. Waterhouse Haw-
kins, known by his ingenious restoration of many of them at
the Crystal Palace, at Sydenham. It was heard with so much
interest that the Council engaged Mr. Hawkins, in the month
of November last, to deliver two more lectures on a kindred
subject, which were attended by numerous audiences. The
Society has to acknowledge its obligations to Mr. Davies for
his two Lectures, entitled “An Antiquarian Walk through
the Streets of York ;” to Mr. Oswald Allen Moore, for a
Lecture “ On the Poisonous Plants, whose resemblance to those
which are good for food often produces fatal results ;” and
to Mr. Procter, for his “‘ Account of the Manufacture of Iron,
with an Explanation of Bessemer’s Process.” In the month
of January, of this year, two very interesting Lectures “On
*« Zoophytes, their Structure and History,” were delivered by
the Rev. Thomas Hincks, of Leeds. Mr. Ford, Mr. Moore,
Mr. Procter, Rev. Thomas Myers, and Mr. Charlesworth have
promised their assistance in this department during the re-
mainder of the present Session.

a
14 REPORT OF THE

The Council received an application from the Committee of
the Art Treasures Exhibition, which is to take place in
Manchester during the approaching Spring and Summer, to
contribute from the Museum such articles as might illustrate
the progress of art, from the departure of the Romans to its
revival after the Middle Ages. To this request the Council
willingly aeceded; and Mr. Waring, as the Agent of the
Manchester Committee, visited York, and selected several
objects which seemed suitable for the purpose of the Exhibi-
tion. It is probable that some of the remains of Saxon art,
in the Museum, may also be sent to Manchester. Every pre-
caution will be taken to secure the safe conveyance and
preservation of what is lent; and the Council feel persuaded
that the members will not regret the temporary removal of
some objects of interest from their collections, when they
consider the important national purpose of the Exhibition, and
the readiness with which works of art, of inestimable value,
have been contributed by their possessors.

The statement of the receipts at the gate will shew that
they have recovered from the temporary diminution, caused by
the war and the cessation of railway excursions. ‘They exceed
those of any previous year with the single exception of that in
which the Royal Agricultural Society held its meeting in this
city. At the suggestion of several members of the Society,
the Council opened the Gardens, on Saturday afternoon, to the
working classes, on the payment of a penny. The privilege
has not been so extensively used as the Council hoped ; but it
has been attended with no inconvenience to the members of
the Society, nor any injury to its grounds or collections.

It has been customary to open both Gardens and Museum
to the public, gratuitously, on Whit-Monday and Tuesday ;
but the Council propose this year, if approved by the members,
to charge a penny for admission on those days.* They suggest
this change, not from any desire to make it a source of income
to the Society, but to render the privilege really more useful
to the class for whose benefit it is designed. An entirely

* It will be seen by the Resolutions passed at the Annual Meeting, that this
proposal was adopted with a modification.

COUNCIL FoR L856. 15

gratuitous admission brings a promiscuous crowd to the
Museum, by whom the narrow space between the collections
is so completely filled, that no one can be allowed to remain
long enough to examine any object which may attract his
attention; and, as a measure of safety, it has been found
necessary to close the staircase which leads to the skeleton-room
and the bird-room. It is evident that a large proportion of the
visitors come with no purpose of self-improvement, and, that
those who do, cannot obtain any considerable benefit from
such a hurried and incommodious view. The small sum
proposed for admission, while it kept away those who came
merely for a holiday stroll, would not exclude any, even in the
humblest classes, who desired to gratify a rational curiosity.
From the Treasurer’s Report it will appear that the income
of the year has exceeded its expenditure ; and that after the
balance due to him, from the three preceding years, has been
fully liquidated, there remains a considerable surplus. The
financial -position of the Society is, therefore, favourable.
Mr. Charlesworth’s exertions to obtain new subscribers,
alluded to in the Report of last year, have been again emi-
nently successful. In the two years, ending February 1855,
only 18 admissions took place ; in the two years ending this
day, and including the admissions at the present. meeting,
they are 75, besides two memberships renewed after resigna-
tion. It must be remembered, too, that nearly all who have
been admitted since the change in the law, pay three pounds
during the three first years of their membership. It is
certainly not to be expected that this rate of increase should
be maintained ; but it may be hoped, at least, that the number
of members may be kept up to the present amount—358.
When it was proposed to Mr. Charlesworth to add the
duties of Assistant Secretary to those of Keeper of the
Museum, the salary originally suggested was £250; but the
state of the finances at that time rendered it unadvisable to
offer him more than £200. The Council are strongly im-
pressed with the conviction, that it is of primary importance
to the prosperity and reputation of the Society to possess the
services of a man of scientific attaimments and liberal educa-

16 REPORT OF THE

tion ; nor do they consider that the sum originally proposed
is more than an adequate remuneration. They have, therefore,
advanced Mr. Charlesworth’s salary to £250, with the under-
standing that his time is to be exclusively devoted to the
objects of the Society.

The Curator of Antiquities has more than once called the
attention of the Council to the necessity of providing a perma-
nent place for the preservation and display of the Roman
tessellated pavements obtained by the Society. The necessity
is become still more urgent in consequence of the acquisition
of the pavement from Oulston, removed during the present
summer, by the kind permission of Sir George Wombwell,
and under the skilful direction of Mr. Baines; and the
Curator, in the conclusion of his report, expresses “ his
earnest hope that this and other similar remains of the orna-
mentation of Roman dwellings, which have been for some
time in the possession of the Society, will no longer be suffered
to remain in detached portions, or concealed from view, but
be re-laid in some suitable building, for the gratification of
the members and of the numerous strangers who visit the
Museum.” In the wish of their Curator the Council entirely
concur, and the subject has been repeatedly under their con-
sideration. The present buildings of the Museum afford no
space in which the three pavements, not yet laid down, can be
even deposited, much less displayed, and, therefore, some
additional erection seems absolutely necessary. In deciding
on such an erection it appears to the Council that two con-
ditions are essential—one, that no mean or unsightly struc-
ture should be allowed to occupy a conspicuous position,
amidst grounds not less admired for their picturesque
beauty than for their varied remains of antiquity ; the other,
that the building, wherever placed, should not be of a merely
temporary character. Besides the necessity of providing a
place of deposit and exhibition for the pavements, it seems
desirable to secure some space for any future increase of the
Society’s collections. It has, therefore, been resolved to sub-
mit to this meeting a Resolution to the effect that the Council
be authorized to erect a permanent building for the preserva-

COUNCIL FOR 1856. 17

tion and display of the Roman pavements. ‘The expense of
such a building will be considerable, probably not less than
£250; but the Council believe that it will add a great and
permanent attraction to the grounds of the Society, and thus
prove a source of additional income by the increased receipts
from visitors. *

When the Yorkshire Agricultural Society held its meeting
in this city, in 1853, an Exhibition of objects connected with
Agriculture, Botany, and the Arts took place in our Museum and
grounds. It proved very attractive ; and, after all the expenses
were paid, left a surplus of £153. The same Society will
again hold its meeting here in August of the present year.
The interval is too short to render it probable that an Exhibi-
tion of exactly the same kind would be successful ; but it has
been suggested that, by bringing together some of the most
remarkable objects in Natural History and Antiquities con-
tained in public and private collections within the County, an
Exhibition might be formed which would be attractive to the
numerous strangers who will visit York, and produce a
surplus to the Society which might be applied to the erection
of the building for the Roman pavements. Application has
been made to several Societies and individuals for their co-
operation, and they have expressed their readiness to furnish
such objects as would be suitable for the intended Exhibition.
In the event of its taking place, the Council propose, following
the precedent of 1853, to suspend the right of admission and
of granting written orders during the two days that it will last.

In reviewing the events of the past year, the Council notice,
with painful feeling, the death of Dr. Buckland, whose name
has long adorned the list of our Honorary Members. The
scientific labours of the late Dean of Westminster are closely
connected with the history of our Institution. The same
event which led to its formation—the discovery of the remains
in the Cave of Kirkdale—gave birth to his first great work,
the “ Reliquie Diluviane,”’ and not a few of its illustrations

* Since the Report was drawn up a plan has been suggested for a new arrange-
ment of the upper room of the Hospitium, by means of which, it is expected that
some space may be gained for the display of the payements there.

B

18 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR 1856.

were derived from specimens in our Museum. The Council
may be allowed, at the same time, to remark with pride and
pleasure, that the talents of his distinguished successor in the
Readership of Geology, at Oxford—Professor Phillips—were
first made known to the world by his connection with the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

The lamented decease of Henry Philip Cholmeley, Esq., of
Brandsby, the representative of a family from which the Society
has always received zealous support and intelligent co-opera-
tion, renders necessary the election of a fifth member of
Council, in addition to the four who retire according. to the
law.

19

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1856,

@r, RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURE. Dr.
1856. Bed. 1856. £.0.d £.% 4
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 592 0 0 Crown Rent............ 1 0 0

* Admission of New Members...... 49 0 0 | RenttoCorporation.... 5111 8
Composition in lieuof Subscription 25 0 0 | RatesandTaxes ...... 8 8 8
Associates ......cecceeceessssseses 13 0 0 | Insurance & Water Rent 1216 0 mia
Ladies’ Subscriptions ............ 49 0 0 7 eee

ive of Che Gates seacsececsceccee 9515 © | Salaries and Wages:

NE U2) Oeics lace” RS peer pat yt a ys

Money received at the Gabes. seks D7 I952 Pe eager ee ASnsy 100 0 0
Swimming Bath (gross receipts) .. 114 6 10 Wiiae oe 20 00

Sale of Guide to Antiquities ....... 1817 0 Lodge Keeper........ 2410 0
Temporary Subscribers............ 3 0 0 ji te Tp a a 154 10
Horticultural Show.............6.. 5 0 0 See ol) 8 gg
MING OF LONE. wos occ Ae ceices ccass 900 Attendant, Hospitium 716 0

For Use of Gas at Evening Meet. ae —— 50813 6

BGR SS sc ee salads TERS 4
sigs poem sold for Lectures by Mr. Meteo 7018 8
kins........ sesssesessoeee 1711 6 | Neugoum Gardens, &c.:

Donation from Miss Lloyd Wecene se 5 0 0 General Repairs 100 18 0

j Purchase and Prepara-
tion of Specimens.. 6 3

_
=)
“
~

w @

Library, Books and Binding ...... 47 0

Swimming Bath :

- Keeper's Salary ...... 30 0 0
Water Rent ...... 20 0 0
Repairs and Incidents 18 1 4

| 68 1 4
| Miscellaneous Expenses :
Printing, Advertising,
. and Stationery .... 4810 0
be Coals and Gas...... -- 6612 0
5 Expences connected
: with Band .... 1910 0
j a Lectures... 23 4 3
§ ! Removal of
: Roman Pavement.. 2616 1
; Pe Serene, and
Sun Sivereccsarsiae 14.2
—— 2l 6 6
; ' 1086 18 2
Surplus of Income ................ 188 7 0
DLotal Noome: oo... ded eecceccece wl Q7e 5 2 £1275 6 2
: Permanent Debt: Permanent Debt:
sf Yorkshire Insurance Yorkshire Insurance
q Company ........ £1900 0 0 Company ....... .-. 1900 0 0
j, Five Members at £50 Due to Five Members
BY. POM cdsececslaces . 2000.0 £50 each .......... 250 0 0
.- 2150 0 0 2150 0 0
i Balance in Treasurer's Due to Treasurer Jan.,
hands Jan. 1857... < 7217 1 OGG ieaustt on sds sinitees, 200. 9 TI
——— Total Debt, Jan., 1856 .. 2259 9 1l
Surpl f In LODE 's <b'o.0% sey 2: Sey BT
Total Debt of Society, cus age *% a cant eripneadaciiaad
ans; 1Ob7 Th Seceece £2071 211 £2071 211
April 27, 1857, Audited by me, WILLIAM GRAY, Treasurer.

WILLIAM PROCTER.

* Consisting wei of instalments of £1; the subscription for the first year regarded
in former Balance Sh eets as part of the entrance fee is now included in the item “ Annual Sub-
scriptions and Arrears

20

MEMBERS

ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1856.

‘

1856.

Aitken, Henry, York.
‘Backhouse, Thomas, York.
Bland, William, York.
Buckle, Joseph, York.
Cattley, R., Chepstow.
Cleghorn, John, York.
Coltman, Joseph, York.
Darley, H. B., Aldby Park.
Ditmas, Lieut. Col., York.
Duncombe, Hon. Ernest, M.P., Goldsborough.
Hague, Mrs. Barnard, York.
Henderson, George, York.
Johnson, Richard, York.
Manstead, John, York.
Markham, W. T., Becca Hall.
Mawdesley, F. L., York.
Newman, W.L., York.
Newton, Miss, York.

Noble, Thos. 8., York.

Paley, Charles, York.
Pearson, John, York.
Ransford, Dr., York.
Reynard, Edward H., Sunderlandwick.
Rowntree, J. 8., York.

Rudd, J. B., Guisbro.’
Russell, Mrs. Henry, York.
Saunders, John, York.

Smith, Mrs. Thomas, York.
Smith, Henry, York.

Stead, Mrs. H., New Laithes Hall.
Thiselton, Charles, jun., York.
Wilson, Mrs., York.
Williams, Isaac M., York.

1857.

Clubbe, W. H., York.
Cowling, Charles, York.

* Dyson, William, Howden.
Marsh, James, York.

Reed, William, York.
Smith, John, York.
Tomlinson, William, York.

* Membership renewed after Resignation.

RESOLUTIONS

PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, Fes. 3rp, 1857.

1. That the Report of the Council be adopted and printed for the
use of the Members.

2. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-Presidents
and Members of Council, and to the Treasurer, Secretaries, and
Curators, for their valuable services.

3. That the Council be authorised to erect a permanent Building for
the preservation and display of the Roman pavements.

4. That the authority given by the Council, last year, with respect
to the holding one or more Horticultural Meetings in the Society's
grounds, and the admission of Strangers and temporary Subscribers,
be continued.

5. That the thanks of this Meeting be given to Mr. Wellbeloved,
for the Catalogue and Transcripts presented this day ; along with the
expression of their gratification at his having consented to resume his
valuable services.

6. That the Council be authorised to admit the Public into the
Gardens, on Whit-Monday and Whit-Tuesday, without any pay-
ment; but that the sum of One Penny be charged for admission to
view the Collections.

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,

1856.

Marcu.—Tuer Rev. Tuomas Myers read a paper on the Rey.
Charles Forster's Decipherments of some Phoenician Inscriptions.
The design of the paper was to show that Mr. Forster's decipherment
and interpretation of these inscriptions were more correct than those
of Gesenius and other Oriental scholars.

Tue Rey. Joun Kenrick exhibited a photographic delineation of
the sculpture on the Sarcophagus of the Sidonian King, Asmunezer,
(see Report for 1855, p. 28,) which he had received from Mr. Fox,
of Trebah, near Falmouth. The annexed wood-cut will show the
close resemblance of this relic of Phonician sculpture to the style of
Egyptian art.

M/ ED CS )

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23

May.—Tae Rey. Cuartes WELLBELOvVED, Curator of Antiqui-
ties, made a communication to the meeting respecting a hoard of
coins, lately discovered in Walmgate, consisting chiefly of those
called “Saints’” from their bearing the names of St. Peter, St.
Martin, or St. Edmund. Those bearing the name of St. Peter, with
the device of the sword, have been called “ Peter-pence,” and
erroneously supposed to have been struck for the purpose of paying
to Rome the tribute bearing that name. Their date, and the circum-
stances under which they were struck, are matter of conjecture ; but
Mr. Wellbeloved supposes them to belong to the first-half of the
tenth century.

Tue Rey. Joun Kenrick read a paper “ On some Monuments of
the Reign of Trajan.” From the discovery of a large and finely-
executed tablet of his reign in York, near the probable site of one
of the gates of the city (see Mr. Wellbeloved’s paper in Proceedings
of the Y. P.S., vol. I., p. 282), it was argued by the author of the
communication, that Eburacum was fortified with a wall in the reign
of Trajan, consequently earlier than had been usually supposed. The
construction of the Roman wall still remaining in the grounds of the
Society, corresponds, very accurately, with the practice of Trajan’s
age. In a letter from Pliny the Younger to Trajan, (Ep. x. 48,) he
reports that the walls of the theatre of Nica were giving way, not-
withstanding their extraordinary thickness ; “‘ quia sine ceemento medio
farcti, nec testaceo opere precincti;” ‘because they were filled in
without squared stone in the middle, and had not a band of brick-
work.” The architect of our walls has filled them in with rubble, and
only faced them with squared stone; but he has not neglected the
precinctio of brick-work, which, as appears from the interior of the
Multangular Tower, went through, and gave solidity to the structure.
An objection to the antiquity assigned to the walls may be derived
from the circumstance, that there are inscriptions in the lower com-
partment of the Multangular Tower, in which mention is made of the
Sixth Legion, which did not come to York till the reign of Hadrian.
These inscriptions, however, are not records of the building of the
tower, but scratchings of their names, centuries, and legion, such as
soldiers would naturally make, to enliven the tedium of the guard-
room. The mode of building here described prevails generally in
the Roman walls in the south, but has not been observed further north
than Yorkshire.

24

Octoser.—First Monraty Mererrine or THE Sesston.— Mr.
Procter, the Curator of Mineralogy, read a paper in illustration of
specimens of the recently discovered deposits of iron ore in York-
shire. These deposits are found at the base of the oolitic formation
which, commencing on the south bank of the Tees, and extending
along the coast to Scarborough, stretches in a line, more or less in-
terrupted, through the counties of York, Lincoln, Rutland, North-
ampton, Oxford, and Dorset. At the summit of the Cleveland hills,
where it was first worked in Yorkshire, it has only a thin covering of
soil, can be raised at small expense, and is conveyed by railway
to Middlesborough, to be smelted. Upwards of 1,000,000 tons of the
stone are already extracted. The bed, where now worked, is fifteen
feet thick; in some places, twenty. It yields, upon an average,
about 30 per cent. of iron. There is an extraordinary deposit of ore
of this character, about two miles from the village of Rosedale, and
ten or twelve from Pickering. It crops out at the side of the hill,
and is, at least, twenty-five feet thick. It consists of large boulder-
shaped masses, of an ovoid figure, from a few inches to nine feet in
diameter, and divided by numerous fissures, as if deposited in a fluid
state, and contracted in the process of drying. Each of these con- -
cretions consists of an external shell and an internal nucleus, the
external part being brown, the internal bluish black. The structure
is evidently oolitic, the grains having the appearance of being
infiltrated with iron. Every portion is attracted by the magnet, but
it is not, in itself, magnetic. From analysis, it appears that, where
richest, it yields 48 to 55 per cent. of iron ; it contains no manganese,
nor any sulphur or phosphoric acid, the absence of which adds
materially to its value. *

The lias formation is also a source of ironstone. Massive beds of
it are traceable for miles along the Cleveland hills, with a gradually
diminishing thickness, as it is followed towards the south. The great
lias bed is best developed at Eston, where it is extensively worked ;
and also at Grosmont, and other parts in the neighbourhood of
Whitby. The paper was accompanied by tables of exact analyses,
made by Mr. Procter.

NovemBer.—Tue Rev. Jonn Kenrick read a paper “On the
Coins found near Warter,” presented to the Society by Lord
Londesborough. They are about 1,500 in number, and almost

* The occurrence of ironstone, both in the oolite and lias, is noticed in Professor Phillips’
Tlustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire, Part I., published in 1829.

25

entirely of the third brass. The period which they comprehend is
from A.D. 253 to 273 or a little later; a period which possesses a sort
of epic unity, since the reign of Valerian, with which it begins,
exhibits the deepest degradation of the majesty of the Roman
empire, and that of Aurelian, who was elected in 270, witnessed
the restoration of its unity, temporarily destroyed by the Thirty
Tyrants, the subjugation of the barbarians, and the fortification
of Rome. The character of Gallienus, and the nature of the usurpa-
tions of the Thirty Tyrants, were examined in this paper, with
especial reference to the opinion of Sir Francis Palgrave, who regards
them as the predecessors of those who founded the Kingdoms of the
West. It was pointed out, that whatever the motives or merits of
Victorinus, Postumus and Tetricus may have been, we may rejoice
that their attempts at establishing independent kingdoms failed.
Had the Roman empire been dismembered at this period, the pro-
bability is that Paganism would have continued much longer pre-
dominant, since the power of Constantine, when sole emperor, was
barely adequate to the establishment of Christianity. Independent
kingdoms, founded in this age, before the healthful infusion of the
Teutonic element into Western Europe, would only have perpetuated
the vices of the Roman empire, as the history of the Byzantine
empire shows.

The coins of Victorinus and Tetricus are very abundant in Britain,
and particularly in York and Aldborough, and their vicinity. It is
evident that Britain was subject to the rulers of Gaul during this
period. The names\of Postumus and Victorinus occur in inscriptions
near Brecknock ; and two have been found at Clausentum (Bittern,
near Southampton,) in honour of Tetricus. It is remarkable, that
among the coins found at Warter, there are nine of Quintillus, the
brother of Claudius Gothicus, who reigned only seventeen days, and
three of Marius, who is said to have reigned only three days. No
time seems to have been lost by the new emperors in assuming
the prerogatives and titles of sovereignty. Florianus, the half-
brother of the Emperor Tacitus, assumed the purple on his brother's
death, and died two months after at Tarsus ; yet an inscription to
him has been found at Durobrive, Castor, near Peterborough.

December. —THE Rev. Joun Kenrick read a second paper “ On
the Coins found at Warter.” They exhibit a very debased state of
the coinage, natural in a period of confusion, foreign war, and
internal insurrection. Great abuses appear to have prevailed in the

c

26

Roman mint, and when Aurelian endeavoured to reform them, the
consequence was an insurrection of the monetarii, to put down which
cost the Emperor 7,000 of his soldiers.

The coins_of this period attest the increase of the solar worship,
caused by the growing influence of Asiatic, and especially Syrian,
rites and usages at Rome. It is seen in the legend, Oriens Augusti,
with the figure of the Sun, and in the radiated crown which all the
emperors wear. The crescent moon, placed beneath the head of
Salonina and other empresses, is also a proof of the growth of astral
worship.

Although the coins of this hoard are rudely executed, the heads on
many of them are sufficiently distinct to be characteristic. We can
distinguish the strong bluff features of the hardy warrior Valerian,
from the more delicate lineaments of his dilettante son Gallienus.
The coarse face and brawny neck of Marius agree with the account
that he had-been a blacksmith before he became an emperor.
Salonina, whose features are not of the Roman cast, is said to have
been the daughter of a barbarian.

The period in which these coins were struck was one of great
calamity, exciting the superstitious fears of the people. An extra-
ordinary number exhibit figures of the gods, with the legends,
Jupiter Conservator, Propugnator and Ultor ; Neptunus Conservator,
Apollo Conservator, Diana Conservatrix, Liber Pater Conservator,
Mars Pacifer, and Sol Conservator Augusti. Segetia, a goddess who
presided over the harvest, and was one of the Dii Indigetes, or native
gods of Italy, appears on a coin of Salonisia, probably struck in
apprehension of famine, or in gratitude for deliverance from it. The
coins of Postumus are remarkable for the honour paid to Hercules ;
those of Claudius Gothicus, for the variety of types representing the
consecratio or apotheosis of this Emperor, who was cut off by a
pestilential disease after a reign of two years, and was deeply regretted
by the senate and people.

The coins of the emperors would, of course, be struck at Rome;
those of the Gallic rulers at Arles, Lyons, or Treves. It does not
appear that Britain had a mint. The legend PLON., on the coins of
Constantine, is generally read Pecunia Londinensis; but, till the time
of the Northumbrian kings, York appears to have had no mint of her
own.

27

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.

Procter, William, Esq. ... Flint cast of an Echinus.

Reed, William, Esq.......... Slab of Dudley Limestone, with unde-
scribed Encrinites.

Slater, Mr. John ............ Echinites and other Fossils, from the
Oolite at Malton.

Strickland,C.W., Esq. ... Specimen of Hemicidaris intermedia,
from the Oolite at Hildenley.
Wilkinson, Chas., Esq. ... Scar of Ulodendron.
ZOOLOGY.
Atkinson, Mr. Robert Sponge attached to a Stone.
Brown, Mr. Hy., (Ousegate) A Collection of Foreign Reptiles in
Spirit.

Cheap, Misses ............... A young Gavial; and a Series of the

Crania of Indian & African Animals.
Clarke, Joseph, (Cincin- Various Nerth American Land and

ON Eo ESS Con a Fresh-water Shells.
Specimen of the Horned Lizard of

Texas (Ceratophris cornuta).
Cooper, Mr. Wm.............. Case of valuable Insects, from Ceylon.
Hey, Rev. Canon ............ Specimens of Foreign Shells of the

genera Melanopsis and Bulimus,
Flint, Mr. Richard ......... Fine Otter, shot at Thornley.
Frankland, George, Esq. ... Fine Specimen of a Gorgonia, from

Australia.

Hill, Samuel, Esq............. Specimen of the five-Bearded Rockling,
taken at Brighton.

Illingworth, Mrs. ........... Head of a Porpoise.

Peckitt, H., Esq. ....0.....4. Pair of the gigantic Clam-shell (Tri-
dacna gigas).

Spofforth, Robert, Esq....... New Zealand Birds.

28

Warren, T. W., Esq. ...... Rare Irish Shells.
Watson, Hy., Esq. ......00. Collection of Foreign Insects.
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club Tail fins of a Tunny, caught in the Tees.

ANTIQUITIES.
Brown, Mr. Robert ......... _ Fragment of Roman pottery and Dutch
tile.
Cheap, the Misses..........+. Collection of Egyptian Antiquities.
Gray, Wm., Esq. ............ An antique Pistol.
Harrison, Rev. J. J........... Fictile Vases and other articles, from
the Museum at Kertch.
Londesborough, Lord ...... 1,500 Roman Coins, found near Warter.
Read, Wm. Rudston, Esq. _‘Fifty-three Coins, found near Warter.
Reynard, E. H., Esq. ...... Ancient British Coffin. (See p. 10.)
Tindall, Mr. Edward ...... Impressions of some Seals.

Weatherley, Mr. Ralph ... Urn, found near the Barracks.

Wellbeloved, Rey. Chas. .... Twelve short cross Pennies (Henry II.
or ITI.), found near Barnsley.

York, Corporation of ..,.... A stone, marked with a cross, from the
building near the Castle Mills,
formerly the Guild of St. George.

—_—_.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Cheap, Misses .........00.0. Various Weapons and articles of Indian
native manufacture.
Kendal, I. M., Esq. ......... Two Flints, one in the form of a fish-

hook, presumed to be imitations of
ancient British workmanship.

Watson, Hy., Esq. ......... Various articles of native manufacture,
from the Feejee Islands.

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of......... Greenwich Astronomical and Meteoro-
logical Observations, 1854.
Association, British, for the

Report for 1855.
Advancement of Science paid gs Nac

29

Club, Spalding ................ Sculptured Stones of Scotland.
Society, London Geological Journal of, for 1856.
Society, Manchester Literary
and Philosophical .........
Society, Royal, of Edinburgh Transactions, part 3, vol.21. Proceed-
ings, 1855 — 6.
- Society, Chemical............. Journal for 1856.
Society, Cornwall R
Polytechnic .. .......04
Society, Lancashire and
Cheshire, Historic.........
Society, Literary and Philo-
sophical, of Liverpool ...
Society, Geological and
Polytechnic, of W. R. of
Yorkshire ...... dbs opeleus bee
. Society, Scarborough Philo-
sophical & Archeological
Institution, Royal, of Lon- ) Proceedings at the Meetings, with Ab-
MOOI sic leis cnccuherseeie eae tas stracts of the Discourses, 1851 — 56.
Allen, James, Esq. .......0. Plan of the City of York, (1750.)
Bateman, T., Esq..........,.. Catalogue of his Museum.
Londesborough, Lord ...... Miscellanea Graphica, Nos. 7 — 10.
Mayer, Joseph, Esq......... Catalogue of Fejérvary Ivories.
Read, W. Rudston, Esq. .... Linnean Transactions, vol. 21, p. 3, 4.
Thurnam, John, M.D. ....... Notice of Tumulus at Stanton Drew.
Yates, James, Esq. .......... Vol. 2 of Lea on Genus Unio.

Memoirs, vol. 13. (Life of Dalton.)

Proceedings of, 1854 — 5.

Proceedings of, 1855.

Twenty-fourth Report of.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R.S., (12 parts published).

Birds of Australia, by the same, supplementary parts, (2 published),

Birds of Asia, folio, by the same, (8 parts published).

Churton’s Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, fol., (complete).

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species chiefly selected
from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and W. C. Hew-
itson. By W. C. Hewitson. (18 Nos. published.)

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills, in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1
to 9 of Illustrations, large folio, and part 1 of Letterpress, 8yo.)

30

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with Plates.

Publications of the Paleontographical Society.

Publications of the Ray Society.

Reliquis Antique Eboracenses, by Wm. Bowman, (complete).

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 8vo. col. plates, (16 parts pub-
lished).

PERIODICALS.

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, monthly.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, monthly.
London Geological Journal, (3 parts published).

WORKS PURCHASED.

The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland, delineated by the new
process known as “ Nature Printing,” edited by Dr. Lindley
and Thos. Moore.

The Durobrive of Antoninus, identified and illustrated in a series of
Plates, exhibiting the excavated Remains of that Roman
Station in the vicinity of Castor, Northamptonshire, by
Edmund T. Artis.

Inventorium Sepulchrale ; an account of some antiquities dug up at
Gilton, Kingston, &c., in the County of Kent, by the Rev.
Bryan Faussett; edited from the original MS. by Charles
Roach Smith.

Natural History of the Tineina, by H. T. Stainton.

| [Kesanted
13 MAR 1535

H, SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET, YORK.

Hk
ee

Porkshire Bhilasophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

FOR

MDCCCLVIL.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLVIL.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1858.

Pee

/

9) REL ay ‘oe \
bef" Way Ay |
coef
+

ky G42) 7 as si
CAA Prt be
Ne iL WSL”

YORK:

H, SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1858.

TRUSTEES

oF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

‘

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE GREY.

| HON. anp VERY REY. HENRY HOWARD, D. D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F.R.S.

PATRONESSES

OF THE

Morkshire Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, F.R.S.

LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1858.

PRESIDENT :
Tue Ear or Cartistz, K.G., F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Lorp Lonpgssorovan, F. R. 8.
Rey. C. WELLBELOVED.

Wm. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
Joun Puiuies, F.R.S.

Rey. W. V. Harcourt, F. R. 8.
Cuas. W. SrrickLanp.

Rey. Canon Hey.

Witii1am Procrer.

TREASURER :
Wittram Gray, F.G.S.

COUNCIL :

Elected 1856....James Mrrx, Junior.
G. F. Jonzs.
G. H. Szymovr.

Elected 1857..,..Ropert Davrzs, F.S. A.
JoHN Forp.
Rev. Henry Snort. :
Epwp. Swatnr.
Gro. WILson.

Elected 1858.,..Rrv. Isaac Spencer.
J. P. Prircnert.
S. W. Norru.
T. S. Nosrz,

6 OFFICERS OF (HE SOCIETY.

SECRETARIES :

Rey. J. Kenrics, F.S. A.
Tuos. Axuis, F. L.S.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY :*

Epw. CuHariteswortH, F.G.S.

CURATORS :
MINERALOGY . . . . . . WILLIAM PROcTER.
CompaRATIVE ANATOMY . . Tuos. Aus, F.L.S.
British OrnirHotocy . . W. Rupston Reap, F.L.S.
Insects AND CrustaceA . . Rey. Canon Hey. °

Rev. CHARLES WELLBELOVED.

ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
-Rev. Joun Kenrick, F.S. A.

LIBRARY .. . . . . . Rev. THomas BAyty.
Tue Rey. W. V. Harcourt,
OxnsERVATORY & METEOROLOGY, | T He sae
under the Care of a Committee \ Wir, Guay, F.G.S:
consisting of . “br guie! aus

Rev. Canon Hey.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM :

Epwarp CHARLESWORTH.

s
SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAInes.

* Mr. Charlesworth has resigned his offices of Assistant Secretary and Keeper
of the Muscum.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCETY,

Fes. 2, 1858.

Tur Report for the year 1857, which the Council now
present to the Members of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society,
will show that during the past year, the objects for the
promotion of which the Society was instituted have been
steadily pursued. Additions of great permanent value and
‘ extent have been made to its Collections, and the number of its
Members has been considerably increased. _

At the Monthly Meeting in April last, Mr. Allis, the
Curator of Comparative Anatomy, called the attention of the
members to the recent discovery of a very remarkable specimen
of the Ichthyosaurus Platyodon in the lias of Whitby, and
urged that it should not be-allowed to go out of the County of
York, or pass into any private collection, but be secured for the
Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. This sugges-
tion having been enforced by Professor Phillips, a subscription
was begun for its purchase ; but its prosecution was rendered
unnecessary by the liberality of the Rev. Danson Richardson
Roundell, who presented the Society with £110, the price
ultimately fixed by the discoverers. The Keeper of the
Museum, Mr. Charlesworth, who had exerted himself greatly
in procuring this specimen for the Society, and had taken on

8 REPORT OF THE.

himself the risk of the purchase, states in his Report, that it
is not only the largest known example of the genus, but that
the species is so rare that he knows only of one other specimen,
which is to be found in the British Museum ; which, however,
is one-third less in size, and by no means so complete, as that
now in the possession of the Society.

Our collection of Yorkshire fossils has also been enriched
through purchases made by funds voted by the Committee of
the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club. They include many speci-
mens of high scientific interest, and one especially, which
determines a Whitby fossil, the nature of which has been
hitherto problematical, to be an appendage to the vertebral
column of an enormous osseous fish. A slab of mountain
limestone from Richmond, covered with the beautiful new
encrinites (Woodocrinus of De Koninck), has been added to
the collection by an exchange with Mr. Wood.

In the department of recent natural history the most valuable
addition received during the year is a specimen of the rare and
beautiful Opah or King-fish (Lampris guttata), taken at Redcar
and purchased from C. Oxley, Esq. Lieut. Cholmeley has
presented a valuable collection of shells, dredged by himself,
principally at Ports Philip and Jackson. P. Hague, Esq.,
has given several valves of a species of river Mussel (Unio)
illustrating a secret possessed by the Chinese of stimulating the
animal to deposit shelly matter upon extraneous bodies, artifi-
cially inserted within the shell, and thus forming pearls of a
coarse quality in any required number.

During 1857 the whole of the interior of the cases in the
Geological room has been repainted, and a large proportion of
the specimens washed, to clear them from the dust, which had
greatly obscured the beauty of some of them, especially those
from the Malton Oolites. An arrangement made with the
Rev. P. P. Carpenter, of Warrington, to print labels in
exchange for duplicate specimens, has been so far carried out,
that labels for the whole of the plants of the Coal Measures
and Yorkshire Oolites have been supplied to us. They are not
limited to the species in possession of the Society, but embrace
all yet published as British. Every label combines with the

COUNCIL FOR 1857. 9

name a reference to a standard work, in which the species is
figured and described ; a plan which is carried out in labelling
our Marine shells, and if generally adopted, would be of the
greatest assistance to those who consult a public collection for
the purpose of scientific study.

In accordance with the wishes of many members of the
Society, the Council have constructed a Marine Aquarium,
which is placed near one of the hothouses, and furnished it
with a variety of zoophytes, crustacea and fishes. Considerable
difficulty was experienced at first in keeping the water in a
proper state of purity; but by the exertions of Mr. Pumphrey
and Mr. Baines this difficulty has been overcome. At the
present moment the Marine Aquarium is an object of especial
attraction to all who take an interest in Natural History,
whether they are satisfied to admire the beauty of colour and
form which many of these productions of nature exhibit, or
desire to study the structure and functions by which they are
adapted to their peculiar conditions of life.

No additions of importance have been made to the CoLLEc-
TION OF ANTIQUITIES during the past year. Such as have
been received will be found noticed in the List of Donations.
The design of erecting a building for the reception of the Roman
pavement, alluded to in the last Report, was subsequently laid
aside, and a new arrangement made of the upper room of the
‘ Hospitium. By this means space has been gained for laying
down and displaying to advantage the remarkable pavement
brought from Oulston ; the appearance of the whole apartment
has been improved, and room has been provided for future
additions. At the same time all the cases have been cleaned
and some repainted. The expense of these alterations and of
laying down the pavement has been great ; but considerably less
~than the erection of a new building would have cost. The
Council avail themselves of this opportunity of acknowledging
their obligations to Mr. Fowler Jones for the liberal manner in
which he has given his professional assistance in carrying out
these changes. The second edition of the Descriptive Catalogue
of the Antiquities being exhausted, another is about to be
printed, adapted to the new arrangement of the room.

10 REPORT OF THE

The objects of Antiquity and Medieval Art, selected by the
Commissioners from the Art-Treasures Exhibition at Man-
chester, were sent in the Spring and have since been returned
without loss or injury. |

Tue Lisrary has received from Lord Londesborough the
two concluding Nos. of his Miscellanea Graphica, and from
various Societies copies of their Proceedings and Transactions.
Among these is to be mentioned, for the first time, the
Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. ‘This Institution,
founded by an Englishman for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge,.and endowed by him with half a million of dollars,
embraces every branch of Science, and its Reports not only
contain information respecting the Natural History and Anti-
quities of America, but take a survey of the progress of
scientific discovery in all parts of the world.

The Council have also subscribed for the Crania Britannica,
published by Mr. J. B. Davies, and Dr. Thurnam, formerly
Medical Superintendent of the Retreat near this city. This
work is intended to elucidate the Ethnology of Britain by
drawings and measurements of skulls, found in ancient tumuli
and sepulchres, and to illustrate them by an antiquarian com-
mentary. ‘The subjects engraved and illustrated have been
in part derived from Roman York, or from barrows in York-
shire which have been opened by members of this Society, and |
the contents of which are deposited in our Museum.

The numerous demands made in the past year upon the
Funds of the Society have prevented the printing of the
Catalogue, which has been prepared for some time, but it is
the intention of the Council immediately to proceed with it.

THe MineratocicaL Coriecrion has not been augmented
this year by any considerable donations or purchases, but its
utility has been much increased by the labelling of the
specimens, a work which previously had been imperfectly
performed.

According to the Report of the Curator of MrrzoroLoaicaL
InstRUMENTS, the temperature of the year 1857 was 1°3° above
the mean of twenty years, and higher than that of any year
since 1846, of which year the mean temperature was 50°. In

COUNCIL FOR 1857. ll

the year 1857 eight months out of the twelve were above a
mean. January, February, April and May were below. March,
June and July were less than one degree above a‘mean. The
excess in August was 2°8°, September 1:4°, October 3:2°,
November 8°6°, and December 5°5°. The highest temperature
was on the 28th of June, 83°5°, and the lowest, on the Ist of
February, 17°. |

Five months of the year had a fall of rain below the mean of
twenty years, viz., February, May, October, November, and
December. The remaining months exceeded the mean. The
greatest departure from an average fall was in August, when
the quantity was 6°59 inches, the largest amount registered in
this month during the last twenty-five years. The total for the
year, 26°44 inches, exceeds a mean by 2°16 inches.

The excess of rain in 1856 and 1857 amounts conjointly to
4-07 inches. This fact seems to show a tendency to a restora-
‘tion of equilibrium in the annual fall. In the ten years from
1846 to 1855 inclusive, the mean annual fall was 23°302.
From 1848 to 1857 inclusive, 23°796. In the twenty years
from 1838 to 1857, 24°25.

“Thunder and lightning have been rare during the year.
Two oceurrences are noted in July and three in September.
From the 6th of August to the 15th, 6°5 inches of rain_fell,
but unaccompanied by the electrical displays which almost
- uniformly mark these days at York.

The mean height of the barometrical column for the months
of November and December was remarkably high, 30-06 in the
former month and 30°11 in the latter, accompanied by rain
3°93 inches less than the mean quantity.

12 REPORT OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1857.

BAROMETER. RAIN. THERMOMETER.

F

: dialed, gi x

S18ia|s ei pe ae ;

2/2 |e] 2 ley S| SiGlale E

A /A} as | 4 [als sls ie iA &
4|< ,

Jan. | 30°410)] 28°926) 29°692)| 25°8 | 10 || 37-9) 29°7| 88:8) 48 | 17-5)! 21 || S. W.

Feb. | 30°588| 29°452/ 29°962)| 0°58 | 10 || 40°7| 81-0) 35°8) 49 | 17 || 14 || ?
Mar. | 30°590); 28846) 29°771)| 2°18 | 16 || 43-8) 35-6) 39°7/ 56 | 27 || 10 || N. E.
April | 30°252) 28°936) 29°690:| 2°75 | 15 || 50°1| 37°6| 438) 65 | 28 || 7 || N. E.

May | 30°342) 29-444) 29°742)| 1:47 | 10 || 57-0) 43-2) 50°1) 66-5) 32 1 | N.E.
June | 30°502/ 29-430) 29°933)| 2°73 | 10 || 67:9] 49:3) 58-6) 83-5) 37 || 0
July | 30°362| 29°644| 29°853)| 2°96 | 9 || 68:2| 62:8) 60°5) 78 | 45 || 0
Aug. | 30°383/ 29°710) 29°952/| 6:59 | 10 || 68-0] 55:6) 61-8) 77 | 55 || 0
Sep. | 30:520) 29°500) 29°843|| 2°03 | 13 || 62°8) 50°4| 56-6) 70°5) 39°5) 0 || S. W.
Oct. | 30°340) 29:068) 29°773]| 1:19 | 17 || 56:3) 44°7| 50°5| 68 |33°d)| 0
Noy. | 30°790} 29°254| 30°064|| 1°11 | 16 || 53-6) 46:8/ 50°2) 55:5] 23 || 8
Dec. | 80-714) 29-600) 30-113 0°32 9 || 50°5) 38-2) 44-4) 54 | 25 || 6

| 26°44 |145 48°8 67

Important improvements have been made in the OxssErva-
tory. The object glass of the Telescope, presented by the
Rev. Dr. Pearson, for which the Observatory was built, was
found, upon examination, to have been altered so as to be out of
form, and a new one haying been supplied by the liberality of
one of the Curators of the Observatory, William Gray, Esq.,
it has been remounted, in a new tube provided with eye-pieces,
and the instrument has thus been rendered very perfect. It has
been tested several times, and clearly shows the minute com-
panion stars to a Urse Minoris, « Lyre and f@ Orionis, and
other stellar objects usually employed as tests of first-class
instruments ; most of the satellites of Saturn have been clearly
seen; various double stars appear distinctly defined. The
Observatory has been repaired and painted, and in the course

COUNCIL FOR 1857. 13

of the last four months several meetings have been held there
for the purpose of exciting an interest in the study of Practical
Astronomy. Mr. Noble, from whom this Report of the Ob-
servatory proceeds, expresses a wish that the number of mem-
bers attending these meetings should be increased, a wish in
which the Council entirely concur.

From Lady Chatterton, as executrix of her late sister,
Miss Atkinson, has been received a most valuable bequest, the
portrait of her late father, James Atkinson, Esq. Mr. Atkinson
was a surgeon of high professional eminence in this city,
active and liberal in all public undertakings, and one of the
. Founders of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. To the
citizens of York, this portrait will have a great additional
interest, from its being the work of their eminent fellow-citizen,
William Etty, R.A., and an admirable specimen of his skill
in a department of his art, in which his pencil was rarely
employed. The celebrity which Mr. Etty attained as a painter
has shed lustre over his native city; his simple manners and
amiable temper have endeared his memory to many of our
members who were his private friends ; York was the chosen
retreat of his declining years; he took a lively interest in the
success of our Society, which early enrolled him among its
Honorary Members ; and his last resting place, selected by
_ himself, is almost within the walls of our venerable Abbey.
In the new arrangements consequent upon the enlargement of
the Museum the Council hope to find a place for this portrait,
where it may be at once secure from injury, and open to the
view of every Visitor to the Museum. ‘The Meeting will no
doubt cordially join in a vote of thanks to Lady Chatterton for
_ carrying into effect the wishes of her sister.

It was announced in the last Report that the Council
intended to make an Exhibition of objects of Natural History
and Antiquity, in the Society’s Museum and Grounds, during
the Agricultural Meeting in the month of August. The
weather after the first day was exceedingly unfavourable, and
the pecuniary results consequently much smaller than had been
hoped for, amounting only, after all expenses were paid, to
about £18. It was visited, however, by several thousand

\

14 REPORT OF THE

persons, and it has probably been the means of making the
contents of our Museum and the objects of our Society more
extensively known among the inhabitants of the County. The
admission of the public on Whitmonday and Tuesday was’
regulated. by the Resolution passed at’ the last Annual: Meeting,
a penny being charged for entering the Museum, while admis-
sion to the Gardens and the Hospitium’ was free. The’ object
of the Council in: proposing this distinction was completely
answered. Nearly three thousand persons visited the Museum
during the two days, without the inconvenient crowditig which
had been’ experienced in-former years. The Council. propose
to continue this regulation.

The acquisition of the Whitby Icthyosaurus’ has led’ to’ am’
extension of the: buildings of the Museum, which’ has already:
advanced so far as to’ enable the members to judge of its
adaptation to the purposes for which it is designed:. The size:
and weight of this specimen precluded its being deposited on the
floors of the present building, and if: it had been consigned’ to
the basement story both light and space would have’ been -want-
ing for its advantageous: display.. It-was‘ determined’ therefore:
to make an appeal to the members of the Society, and to’ the’
County of York generally, for the means’ of providing room not:
only for this but for other additions which may be reasonably
expected.. The Council have much: pleasure’ in announcing:
that this appeal. has been very successful. Of £1000, the
calculated expence of the building’ and fitting up, £876 has’
been already subscribed: The: founders: of this Society’ an-
nounced their intention of: establishing‘a Central’ Museum’ for’
the county, and gave their new institution’ the name of the’
Yorkshire Philosophical Society: It is gratifying-to find bythe?
liberal contributions of the gentlemen of the? county, that it-is
still recognized’ by them ‘in this’ comprehensive’character. In
announcing ‘the success of their appeal; the Council have great’
pleasure. in'acknowledging the zealous exertions ‘of one of: their’
Vice-Presidents, W. Rudston’Readj Esq:, whiclwhave materially’
contributed: to this: result; They! hope that> the: sum: still!
required'to meet’the estimated expence will speedily be raised,
and: that they shall:be thus’ enabled to carry out their entire’

couNCIL FoR 1857. 15

design. As the British Association will meet this year in
Leeds, no doubt. many of its members will pay a visit to its
birth-place ; and it is much, to be desired that not only our
present; collections’ should, be in perfect. order, but that the
additional rooms should be so far finished as not to offend the
eye by the appearance of incompleteness. The central room is
designed to receive the Ichthyosaurus platyodon and the other
Saurian remains, in.which our Museum, is so rich; while the
two smaller. apartments and the galleries. will afford the means
of more conveniently displaying our present specimens and. of
receiving the additions of many future years.

The account which has been given of the operations of the
Society during 1857 will show that it.has been a year of large
expenditure. The expenses of the alterations in the upper
room of the Hospitium, with the laying down of the pavement ;
of the repairs. of the Observatory; of the construction of the
Aquarium ; and of putting the house at the gate into tenantable
condition, and compensating a former tenant for fixtures and:
other things, have amounted to upwards of £230. There has
been at the same time the loss of a year’s rent on the house ;
the Exhibition at Manchester has directed the stream of tourists
and excursion trains in that direction, and reduced the receipts
at the gate; no profit has been received from the Horticultural
Exhibition, nor from the hire of the tent. But, on.the other
hand, the number of subscribers has been increased, and
several compositions for annual subscriptions have been re-
ceived in 1857; so that there is a small balance in favour of
the Society. The present number of Subscribing Members,
independently of Lady Subscribers and Associates, is 376, and
it is evident that if this number can be maintained the Society
has in itself the elements of permanent prosperity.

The late Earl Fitzwilliam had held the office of our President
since the year 1831, in which capacity he presided at the
establishment of the British Association in that year. The
monthly meeting of October last recorded its sense of his
eminent public and private virtues, and of the honour and
benefit the Society had derived from his long tenure of that
office. In this sentiment the present meeting will no doubt

16 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR 1857.

heartily concur. Though seldom seen among us in later years,
he was always desirous to promote the welfare of our Society,
and he headed with a munificent donation the list of contribu-
tors to the extension of the Museum. The Council have
conveyed to the Earn or CaruisiE the expression of their
unanimous wish, that he would allow himself to be nominated
for the Presidentship, and they have the pleasure of announcing
that his Lordship has acceded to their request. They hope
that when this amiable and accomplished nobleman has ceased
to fill the high office which he now holds, and has returned to
his ordinary residence, our Meetings may often be graced by
his presence.

The Council have also to propose to this Meeting, to mark
their sense of the liberality of the Rev. Danson Richardson
Roundell, by electing him an Honorary Member of the Society.

Four Members of the present Council, Mr. Wm. Anderson,
the Rey. Thos. Bayly, the Rey. Thos. Myers, and Mr. Kitching,
retire by rotation and are ineligible for the present year.

es, ae,

we

THE

PeEORURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1857.

r, RECEIPTS.
1857. oi 8. a
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 621 0 0
*Admission of New Members...... 67 0 0
Composition in lieu of Subscription 111 0 0
PROIAEOR ho irene rear et ddcraesace dk OO
Ladies’ Subscriptions.............. 48 0 0
Keys of the Gates ................ 33 0 0
PERO A ss db ndaseamineed ciocedes. 40 14°16
Money received at the Gate........ 18016 8
Swimming Bath (gross receipts) .. 14713 7
Sale of Guide to Antiquities ...... 1310 0
Temporary Subscribers............ 3 0 0
Net proceeds of Exhibition ......... 20 810
PEMRAUSTICOMNO © beicdccctscvicceseccss 1207.9) 7
Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ........£1900 0 0
Five Members at £50
MES sos vcnwesccee | 2501 0'O
2150 0 0
Balance in Treasurer's
hands Jan, 1858... 9619 0
Total Debt of Society,
Jan., 1858 ©........ £2053 1 0

March 5th, 1858, eens by u

EXPENDITURE.

£. 3. da.
100
5212 4
IE 12 7
1217 0

1857.

Crown Rent .....se.0
Rent tv Corporation....
Rates and Taxes ......
Insurance & Water Rent By

Salaries and Wages:

Keeper of the Museum

and Assist. Secretary 250 0
Sub-Curator .......... 100 0
BOrvanei siiscs ss euncce 20. 0
Lodge Keeper ........ 26 0
Labourers ..........-- 145 12
DOO sscstetcccecne (4:17
Attendant, Hospitium 8 I4
Temporary Assistant,

MUSCUM is... sseccs 15-18

570
Interest on Debt to Dec. 31, 1857»
Insurance Company .......
Museum Gardens, &c.:
General Repairs ......
Purchase and Prepara-
tion of Specimens

35 10 3

Library, Books and Binding ......

Swimming Bath :
Keeper's Salary ......
Water Rent............
Repairs and Incidents

145
23

30 0 0
20 0 0
13 6 11
SY
Miscellaneous Expenses:
Printing, Advertising,
and Stationery ......
Coals and Gas ........
Expences connected
with Band ........

s Lectures ....
FLOGHIGIONE o's's's's sos'asn0
Aquarium ........
Observatory ..........
Postage, Carriage, and
Sundries ..

mem OOS

Surplus of Income ..............

Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance

Due to Five Menmbers
£50 each ........

2150 0 0

Due from the Treasurer
POM, IBIS cca tedeceess
Total Debt, Jan., 1857
Surplus of Income, 1857..

*

WILLIAM GRAY, Treasurer.

SHORT, EDWD. SWAINE.

* Consisting principally. j instalments of
in former Balance Sh
scriptions and Arrears.”

£1;

£.

Dr,

8. d-

1ll

‘ay

16
19

611

the subscription for the first year regarded
eets as part of the entrance fee is now included in the item “ Annual Sub-

18

MEMBERS
ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1857.

1857.
Agar, Benjamin, York.
Aldam, William, Frickley Hail.
Beattie, Henry, York.
Bolton, Lord, Bedale.
Briggs, Major, York.
Briskham, Miss, York.
Carter, Rev. John, York.
Cayley, Digby, Brompton.
Cholmeley, Lieut. Thos. Chas., R.N., Brandsby.
Croft, Capt., Stillington.
Day, Edward, Eastdale.
Donkin, Edward, Malion.
Groves, John, York.
Holmes, Henry Tuke, Norfolk.
Knapton, William, York.
Lane, John, York. f
“Long, Ven. Archdeacon, Sedttrington.
Lowrie, W. F., York.
Mann, John W., York.
Middlewood, George, York.
Millne, Charles, York.
Oxley, C. C., Redcar.
Pearson, Rev. George, York.
Phillips, William, York.
Prescott, Robert, The Yorkshire Club.
Prest, Mrs. Jno., York.
Radcliffe, Sir Joseph, Bart., Wetherby.
Robinson, William, Richmond.
Rooke, Edward, York.
Salt, Titus, Saltaire.
Sanderson, Thomas, York.
Simpson, Rev. Philip, Metham Hall.
Spark, Chas. W., York.
Steward, Henry, York.
Westhead, J. P. Brown, Lee Castle, Kidderminster.
Woodall, John W., Scarborough...

1858.
Cholmley, Miss, Fulford Lodge.
Pulleyn, Thomas, York.
Thorp, Fielden, York.
Walker, James, York.

Fe el ks el Ml

19

RESOLUTIONS
PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, Fes. 2np, 1858.

1. That the Report of the Council now read be adopted and printed
for circulation among the Members, Lady Subscribers and Associates.

2. That this Meeting return their cordial thanks to Lady Chatterton,

_ for carrying into effect the Bequest by her late sister Miss Atkinson,

of the portrait of her father, James Atkinson, Esq.

3. That the thanks of the Meeting be given to the Vice-Presidents,
to the Members of the Council retiring from office, and to the Treasurer,
Secretaries, and Curators, for their services during the past year.

4, That the Council be empowered to give free admission to the
Grounds and Hospitium, on Whit-Monday and Tuesday ; and to the
Museum, on those days under the same regulations as last year.

5. That authority be given to the Council to hold Horticultural

_ Meetings, and to admit temporary Subscribers, on the usual terms.

re a et ee ee ee ee

alin

——

- 6. That the Rey. D. R. Roundell be elected an Honorary Member
of this Society.

7. That the thanks of this Meeting be given to the Rey. Canon

Harcourt, for so ably presiding over this Meeting.

LECTURES
DELIVERED DURING THE YEAR 1857.

January 19 and 21.—On Zoophytes, their structure and history ;
by Rey. Tuomas Hincxs, Leeds.

Marcu 3.—On the Sinaitic Inscriptions; by the Rev. Toomas
Myers.

Fern. 3.—On the Fossil Saurians of Yorkshire ; by Mr. Cuarues-
WORTH.

Marcu 10.—On the esculent and poisonous species of the Mush-
room tribe ; by Mr. O. A. Moore.

May 12 and 19.—On Shells and their inhabitants; by Mr.

_ CHARLESWORTH.

Novemser 25.—On Ship-building and the Great Eastern Steam-

_ ship; by Carr. O’Brien.

DecemBer 9.—On Magnetism ; by Mr. Procter.
December 21.—On Teeth ; by Mr. CuarLEeswortu,

20

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY, MEETINGS,

1857.

Marcu 3.—An analysis was read, made by Mr. Procter, of the
bronze handle of an Etruscan patera in the Museum of Antiquities.
It appeared to contain in 100 parts—

Copper ...... 88°72
| yt) aie is eh ee ay 8-04
eS, OEP nae 3°18
99°89.
RABE. cs nits ccivigs 11
100.

In the older analyses of ancient bronze no lead had been noticed,
but in the later ones by Davy and Wilson a small amount of this
metal is mentioned.

Aprit 6.—Rosert Daviss, Esq., F. 8. A., read a paper “ On the
Origin of the Great Council of the North.” The object of the paper
was to show that the germ of this Council might be traced to an
earlier period than 1537, and that its real prototype was the Council
which accompanied Henry the eighth’s illegitimate son, the Duke of
Richmond and Somerset, into Yorkshire in 1525, when he was
appointed Lieutenant General of the North, and Warden General
of all the Marches towards Scotland. A certain number of persons,
some of them holding office in the Duke’s household, and others
especially selected for their professional qualifications, were appointed
to be a Council for the management of the Duke’s affairs, and under
that designation they were clothed with extensive powers of an
arbitrary and inquisitorial character, extending over all the Northern

21

counties. By virtue of this authority they held sessions of oyer-and-
terminer and gaol-delivery alternately at York, Newcastle and
Pontefract, heard and decided causes between party and party, and
pronounced judgment in criminal cases without the intervention of a
jury. Even at the ordinary assizes some of the members were
present and took part in the proceedings. The Duke returned to
the South in 1527, but the Council continued to exercise the same
powers as before. When the insurrection called the Pilgrimage of
Grace broke out, in 1536, it was still in existence and exercising its
powers; but in 1537 the king converted it into a standing court,
which bore the title of the Great Council of the North, and by its
arbitrary and almost irresponsible powers, exercised an iron rule for
more than a century over that part of England which lies between
the Trent and the Tweed. Henry VIII., when he remodelled the
Council and gave it a permanent character, might wish to have the
credit of being its author, but it really originated from the master
mind of Wolsey.

May 9.—Mr, Cuarteswortu, Keeper of the Museum, read a
paper respecting the Ichthyosaurus Platyodon from the alum strata
at Kettleness, lately presented to the Museum by the Rey. D. R.
Roundell. The Whitby district has long been known for its Saurian
remains, and within the last ten or fifteen years has produced no less
than five perfect, or nearly perfect, Plesiosauri; but of the allied
genus, the Ichthyosaurus, no large or remarkably perfect specimen
has been found there until now. The largest previously known,
tolerably complete Ichthyosaurus is the I. platyodon from Lyme
Regis in the British Museum. Its absolute length is 18 feet; its
computed length, when perfect, 20 feet. The Whitby specimen is
23 feet long, and its computed length 28 feet. It therefore surpasses
in total length any skeleton, of corresponding completeness, yet
discovered. From the structure of the paddles, form of the teeth,
vertebree, &c., Mr. Charlesworth considered it to agree more nearly
with I. platyodon than any other described species; but as a large
proportion of the saurians and other, fossils found in the Yorkshire
. Lias are distinct from those found in the South of England, its cha-
racter should be very rigorously investigated, before it is confidently
referred to this or any other published species.

22

June 3.—Tae Rev. James Rare, Junior, read a paper entitled
“ Tllustrations of Life and Manners from Wills,” especially the class:
called nuncupative or word-of-mouth wills. In an age when writing
materials could not readily be found, such wills were frequently made;
in cases of emergency. These documents afford much information,
respecting the times in which the testators lived and the little world
of the hearth and the home; they are also characterized by their
truthfulness, being made at a moment when they were about to
exchange one state of existence for another. Those which were
quoted were chiefly of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and
related to this and the neighbouring county of Durham. One was
that of a female of Richmond, who was compelled to make her will
out of a chamber window, the house being locked. up as its inhabitants:
were stricken, with the dreadful plague. Richmond: suffered terribly
from this visitation, three-fourths of the population being carried off by:
it and buried on the north side of the church, where the people, even to
the close of the last. century, refused to bury for fear of letting out:
the plague. Archbishop Mountain, who was a native of Cawood,
made a nuncupative will in 1628, some of the bequests of which were
mentioned. The paper concluded with an observation that literary
men, before they undertook to treat of history and biography, would
do well to pay attention to these humble but authentic records.

NovemBer 3.— A paper, by Mr. Epwarp Tinpatt, of Bridling-
ton, was read, containing am account of the opening of some tumuli
in that neighbourhood since the beginning of the year. In one of
these, three articles of bronze had been found, which the author of the
’ paper considered to be Roman; in another, flint chisels and other
implements of the same material, along with fragments of burnt bone.
In another, which was 100 yards in circumference and 100 feet in
diameter, two urns of clay were found, which had been made on the:
wheel and afterwards ornamented by hand; a broken axe head, finely
polished at the edge, and a remarkable implement of flint, combining
the uses of a knife and a saw. Pieces of leather were also found,
which had been pierced by an instrument like a cordwainer’s: awl,
and seemed to have been worn as an ornamental part of dress by the
persons interred. Branches of trees, in a remarkable state of pre-
_ servation, were strewed over the ashes of the dead. In this tumulus
both urns and skeletons were found, and one of the urns exhibits a
rude imitation of Samian ware, which appears to indicate that the
tumulus belonged to the time of the Roman occupation. Several

23

implements of flint were exhibited, obtained from these researches, so
fresh in their appearance, that but for the evidence of their antiquity
they might have been concluded to be recent fabrications.

December 1.—A communication was read from Joun Puituips,
L.L. D., F.R.S., F.G.8., on a recent discovery of Roman remains
at Filey. The unusually heavy rain-storm of August in the present
year, laid open to view some traces of construction on the narrow
neck of land above the rocky promontory called Filey Bridge. On
further examination it appeared, that four squared stones, set in clay
with which boulders had been mixed, had stood at the corners of a
rectangular space, probably supporting angle posts and horizontal
tie-beams, on which a roof of straw or turf had been placed. The
floor, above the clay and boulders, was an irregular thin layer of
concrete, on which lay a mass of rubbish, pottery, bones and charred
oak, with coins in considerable numbers. |The pottery was Romano-
British without any Samian ; the coins were all Roman without the
admixture of any work of later generations ; and hence the author of
the communication concluded, that the erection had been intended as
a shelter to a detachment of Roman soldiers, appointed to guard this
coast. The coins, as far as seen by him, were of Constantius and
Constantine.

A paper was also read by the Rev. Joun Kenrick, “On the Rise,
Progress and Suppression of the Order of Knights-Templar in the
County of York.” The ample possessions which this order obtained
in our county were owing to the patronage of the noble families of
De Brus, Mowbray, De Lacy, De Ros, De Stutevile and Hastings,
whose own domains were immense. From, the survey made of the
Ballia of Eborascire in the year 1185 it appears that the lands of the
Templars began at the northern verge of the county, and extended
both into the East and West Riding. Their chief preceptory in
this county was at Newhusum, now Temple Newsome near Leeds ;
and they had another at Ribston. Nearer York they possessed lands
at Copmanthorpe, where a field still retains the name of Temple-
garth. In York itself they had only some small tenements and the
mills near the Castle, which have lately been destroyed. Altogether
upwards of eighty places are mentioned in the survey of 1185 in
which they had possessions or rights, and doubtless these would be
much increased in the course of the next century. The sources of
their revenues were various ; besides lands they had tolls in fairs and

24

markets, multure from windmills and watermills, advowsons of
churches, services from tenants of so many days’ ploughing, harrow-
ing, haymaking, sheepshearing and sheep washing. Even tributes of
fowls and eggs are not overlooked. The order possessed also many *
valuable immunities; they were exempt from tythes; service might
be performed in their churches when the rest of the parish was under
an interdict ; no Templar could be required to take an oath. They
had courts of separate jurisdiction, and endeavoured to compel those
with whom they or their tenants had disputes, to bring their causes
before these courts, instead of the established tribunals. They were
an important element in the state. The Master of the Temple was
summoned to parliament with bishops and priors, and Amaric de
St. Maur joined the great barons in urging on King John the signa-
ture of Magna Charta. In the thirteenth century they had attained
the maximum of their prosperity and power; yet towards its close,
causes were in operation which in the beginning of the fourteenth
brought about their suppression. The circumstances attending this
event in Yorkshire, the author reserved for another communication,

January 5.—Tue Rev. Joun Kenrick read the conclusion of
his paper, begun at the preceding monthly meeting. Among the
causes which led to the suppression of the Order of the Templars he
mentioned, the failure of the Crusades, which showed the hopelessness
of the recovery of Palestine ; the jealousy of their power entertained
both by Church and State, and their own wealth, pride and luxury.
The charges of immorality and impiety which were made the ground
of the cruel measures taken against them, were not supported by
satisfactory evidence, and though individuals might be guilty, were
no sufficient ground for the destruction of the order. Edward II.,
when solicited by Philip the Fair of France, to co-operate with him
in his measures against them, at first declined, not believing the
crimes imputed to them, but a letter from the Pope seems to have
altered his views, and as he was at the time a suitor for the hand of
the French Princess, Isabella of Valois, a desire to gain the favour
of Philip may also have influenced him. He accordingly ordered an
investigation to be made. Archbishop Grenefeld, who then filled
the see of York, commenced the trial of twenty-four Templars who
had been seized and committed to the Castle, on the 19th of May,
1310. He was attended by his suffragans, the Bishops of Durham,
and Whithern in Galloway, and by a numerous assemblage of
ecclesiastics, from the different deaneries and archdeaconries, and the

25

monastic establishments of the province. To these were added some
learned lawyers. The Templars denied all the most odious of the
charges against them; but they appear to have been aware that
their suppression was predetermined, and when, after various pro-
ceedings, they were brought up before a Council which again met
at York in May 1311, they confessed that they could not clear them-
selves respecting the accusations contained in the bull of the Pope,
and prayed, on their bended knees, that they.might be restored to the
communion of the Church. They abjured all heresies, and promised
to keep holy the catholic and orthodox faith, and to observe the
-Church’s mandates ; and proceeding from the Chapter House to the
south door of the Minster, they there received absolution from the
Bishop of Whithern. The possessions of the Templars in Yorkshire
were partially transferred to the Knights of St. John, but the Crown
retained some of the most valuable, and granted them to the nobility.
It is probable that much light might be thrown on this subject by
documents, yet unpublished, among the national Records, and Mr.
Kenrick expressed a hope that on some future occasion he should
be able to lay a list of these before the Society, if not copies at full
length.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY.
Yorkshire N aturalists Club Various comackitls Specimens from the
Lias of Whitby.

‘ Cholmeley, Lieut.............Auriferous Quartz, from Australia.

Dayrell, Rey. Thos. ......... Two teeth of Fossil Elephant from the
Chalk Drift of Cambridgeshire.

Denison, Robt., Esq.......... Various Minerals.

Long, Ven. Archdeacon ..._ Imperfect Cranium of Horse, found in
Alluvium near Settrington.

Marshall, Mr. Wm. ......... Specular Iron Ore, from Cumberland,
and Volcanic Rocks from South
America.

Norman, Lieut. Col............ Fossil Wood, from Trivatoor.

North Eastern Railway, Horns of the Red Deer, found in making

Priractors Of sisseassnses doe the Docks at Jarrow.
Parsons, Miss ...... paaenanie Portion of curious encrinital Stem.
Roundell, Rey. D. R. ...... “Ichthyosaurus Platyodon, from the Lias
of Whitby.

Tindall, Mr. Edwd. .......... Fossils from the Chalk of Bridlington.

Wood, Edwd., Esq., F.G.S. Slab of Mountain Limestone covered
with Specimens of Woodocrinus (in
Exchange).

ZOOLOGY.

Cholmeley, Lieut. ............. Shells dredged by the Donor at Port
Jackson and Port Philip, and a rare
Trigonia from Bass’s Straits.

Collings, Mr..........e0--.+6. Skull of the Albatross.

Clifford, —, Esq. (Deighton

Swans’ Eggs.
Grove) aE Ged 86

27

Hague, Patrick, Esq. ...... Shells of a species of Unio, from China,
enclosing Pearls the result of artificial

stimulus.
Hotham, Captain ...... ..-. Bones of the Albatross.
Jackson, Mr. Wm., (Hull) Fine Skull of Walrus.
: Bukis, C. F., Esq. .........00 Choice specimens of Cardium echinatum,

from Guernsey.
Marshall, Mr. Wm. .......... Specimens of Unio margaritiferus.
Procter, Wim., Esq. ......... Woluta Musica.

Storey, E., Esq........-.seeses A Bird of Paradise.
Straubenzee, Major ......... Fine example of the Solan Goose (Sula
Bassana).
ANTIQUITIES.
Cheap, The Misses ......... Fragments of Pottery, from Egypt.
County, Magistrates of...... Two Skulls, from sarcophagi, dug up in
the Castle Yard, York, in 1835.
Denison, R., Esq. .......+++-- Two Silver Pieces (Charles I.), found
at Pocklington. ;

Farsyde, W. J. G., Esq. .... Gold Brooch, found at Fylingdales,
Kenrick, Rev. J. .........66. Leaden Coin of Commodus, found at

Clifton.
Melrose, Mr. .....:cc0sseceoees Coin of Septimus Severus. _
Read, Wm. H. Rudston, Bsq. Two Roman Coins.
Spurr, Mr. ......s0eeweosseer se Several Roman Antiquities, found at

the corner of Aldwark.

Warren, T. W.,, Esq,,

(Dublin) oec.cccees attain’

Short, Rey. H. ............... Roman Bronze Spoon, found in sinking

for the foundation of a house on Lord
Mayor's Walk.

Gun Money of James II., Ireland.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Jackson, Mr. Wm., (Huli) Seal skin Dress of the Esquimaux.
Ruddock, Mr., ( Whitby) Specimens of Forgeries of Flint Imple-
ments.

28

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of ......... Greenwich Astronomical and Meteor-
ological Observations, 1855. Toronto.
Magnetical and Meteorological Observa-
tions, 1846—48.
Antiquaries, Society of...... Proceedings of, Nos. 43—46.
Archologia, vol. 36, p. 2, vol. 37. p. 1.
Association, British, for the Report for 1856.
advancement of Science
Club, Tyneside Naturalists’
Field .cssoeceeeee Sco ags sen ene
Company, Hon. East India Geological Survey of India, vol. 1. p. 1.
Institution, Royal, of Great
POPE co ccnstnenupasnes oon
Observatory, Royal, Edin-) Astronomical Observations, vol. 11.
DUTBA Vs. scvces coe tses eettaes 1849—54.
Society, London Geological Journal of, for 1857.
Society, Royal, of Edinburgh | Transactions of, vol. 21. p. 4.- Proceed-
ing, 1856—7.
Society, Chemical............. Journal for 1857.
Society, Cornwall pial
Polytechnic .............
Society, Liverpool Literary
and Philosophical .........
Society, Manchester Liter- ) Dalton’s Chemistry and Meteorology.
Memoirs of, vol. 14.

Transactions of, vol. 3. p. 1—3.

Meetings of the Members of, part 7.

z Report for 1855—6.

Proceedings of, 1855—6.

ary and Philosophical ...
Society, Geological and

Polytechnic, of W. R. of Proceedings of, 1856—7.

Yorkshire ......000 sescseses

Society, Boston, of Natural
Journal of, vol. 6. p. 1—3.

History (America) ......
Do. do. .-. Proceedings of, vol. 5. 1854 to 1856.
Smithsonian Institution,

(Washington, U. S. Reports of, for 1855—6.
America) cresicsecsneveneos
Smithsonian Contributions to Know-
ledge, viz :—
The recent secular period of the Aurora
Borealis, by Dr. Olmsted.

29

Archxology of the United States, by
Saml. F. Haven.

Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt
Bases, by Wolcott Gibbs and Fred.
Aug. Genth.

Chemical and Physiological Investiga-
tions, relative to certain American
Vertebrata, by Dr. Jones.

Mexican History and Archeology, by
Brantz Mayer.

Record of Auroral Phenomena in the
higher Northern Latitudes, by Peter
Force.

Publications of learned Societies and
Periodicals in the Library of the
Smithsonian Institution.

The Author .............. +. On the Use, Properties and Products

of the Bitumen and Petroleum of
Trinidad, by the Earl of Dundonald.
The Author ........... ........ A Lecture on the Malvern Hills, deliver-
ed before the Royal Institution, by
John Phillips, F. R.S. :
The Author i..cc.csscierences Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of
: Mazatlan Mollusca in the British
Museum, by Rev. P. P. Carpenter.
Londesborough, Lord ...... Miscellanea Graphica (completed).
Read, W. H. Rudston, Esq. Journal of the Proceedings of the
Linnean Society, vol. I. 1856—57.
Sumner, Gillyatt, Esq., ) List of Books, Deeds and Papers in
(Beverley) siscsccipone eve manuscript in his possession.
Taylor, Rey.Wm. (London) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London, 1855—56.

Treherne, Rey. John...... » Lithographic Drawing of Monument
erected to Sir Edwd. Carne, in the
Atrium of the Church of San Gre-
gorio, in Monte Celi.

30

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R.S. (14 parts published).

Birds of Australia, by the same, supplementary parts (2 published).

Birds of Asia, by the same (9 parts published).

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species chiefly selected
from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and W. C. Hew-
itson. By W. C. Hewitson. (23. Nos. published.)

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills, in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part |
to 9 of Illustrations, and part 1 of Letterpress.)

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with Illustrations.

Publications of the Paleeontographical Society.

Publications of the Ray Society.

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, col. plates (17 parts published).

Crania Britannica, or Delineations and Descriptions of the Skulis of
the Aboriginal and early Inhabitants of the British Islands, vd
J. B. Davis, F.S. A., and J. Thurnam, M. D.

WORKS PURCHASED.

The Runic and other Monumental Remains of the Isle of _e by
Rev. Joseph George Cumming.

A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds, by Richard Owen,
F.R.S.

Catalogue of the Antiquities of Stone, Earthen and Vegetable
Materials, in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, by
W. R. Wilde, M. R. 1. A.

31

YORKSHIRE MUSEUM ENLARGEMENT FUND.

SUBSCRIPTIONS ALREADY ANNOUNCED.

The Right Hon. the late Earl Fitzwilliam, Wentworth House (President) ....

— Mr. Henry, York ..........
ry alk J oe! nt: ., Brockfield
yd,

5
Esq., M.P., Denton Park 5

Allis, Thea at Osbal dwick
Backhouse, Thos., Esq., York ......
Balme, E. B. Wheatley, Esq., Cote Wall
Barlow, Miss, York ......../.....
Bayly, wey Thos., 2 isiail'@ Eee
eckett, Wm., E range
Bell, Fred., Esq., “Thirsk
ghebe Robt. i 2 —
ynton, Sir Sart, urton es
Brancker, Miss, York
Brows a Major, York
rown,

ee ewer

ey

a ee |

., M. P., Rossington
York

ee eee eee

ee ed

bie Rey. R. B., Wheldrake ......
Cooke, Miss Louisa, South Dalton ..
Coore, H., Esq., Scruton
Copley, Geo., Bogs) Wome boc <t5.8'0
Creyke, R., Esq. ~ Rawcliffe Hall .
Croft, Stephen, Esq., Stillington Hall
Crompton, J venga sa. ., Azerley Hall
Sing rn tC NEAR oe eekiag
ey, John, Tas. OB: Sere
Pore Robt., "Esq. . The Mount, York
som Hon. Payan, Beningbrough

De Grey, Earl, Studley Park ......
De L'Isle, Lord, Ingleby Manor ....
Dent, Joseph, Esq., Ribstone Hall .

Dent, John Dent, Esq., M2. D0..
Dodsworth, Geo., a York
Duesbu , Ww. D.T
gang » Hon, A

.» Bsq., Beverle
diated: . Milnwick
RE ee ee ee
Duncombe, Hon. Octavius, Waresley
Park

ee ay

Oo Oo cecocooow COocoecooeoooorNeo SoOOCOCOOCOOCOONOCONPNOCOONOCrFOOFNOOF®

i) So oooocoococnoe cooocooococococo Soocoeo COSCO SOOO OSC OOO SOSOOSCOOON

Duncombe, Hon. W. E., Aiskew ....

Dyson, Wm., Esq., York ..........
Ellis, ‘Phos, Bags Votkesi.i856..060 5
BABOON i nls aa pisces
Elsley, C. H., Esq., York
Farrer, Jas., Esq., Ingleborough ....
Feversham, Lord, Duncombe Park ..
Fox, Geo. Lane, Esq., Bramham Park
Fullerton, John, Esq., Thrybergh Park
Garforth, Wm., Esq., Wiganthorpe . .
ene, OT. , Esq., Parlington
BE ia laish did dee”. Sys grab ho: pleiealen
Goderich, Lord, Newby Hall........
Gott, Wn., Esq. iy MURDERS 0 5208 relearn
Graham, Mr. David, York
Gray, William, Esq., York
Greenock, Lord, Wood End ........
risa ak John, Esq., M, P., Swar-
Cliffe ‘Held. sii tins Five ceive-
Grimston, H, E., Esq., Etton, Beverley
Guy, Mr. James, VOR i
Hailston, Edwd., Esq., Horton Hall. .
Hall, Rev. C., Terrington Minbiees cena
Hall, James, Esq. «sy: Scorboro”. s/c.
Harcourt, Rey. Canon, Bolton Perey
Harcourt, Egerton, Esq., St. J ames’
Pines, London 2026 sa othe.
omit Oc. Vernon, Esq., Swinton

ae a |

Harland, W. C., Esq., Sutton Hall .
Harrison, W. H., Esq., Beverley ..
nade ya Womersley Asiy ae
iggins, Godfrey, Skellow Gran
Hildyard, J mek We. Esq., Hutton
eva soley ttleasks $2
Hodgson, Ellis, Esq., Skelton ......
Hotham, Lord, South Dalton Hall .
Ingham, J oshua, Esq., Blake Hall ..
Johnstone, Sir J. V. B., Bart., M. P
DRE eaeery SAU oe fae
Johnstone, Rev. Canon, Sutton Hall
Johnson, Mr. Richard, York ........
Jones, Heywood, Esq., Badsworth Hall
Kenrick, Rev. J ohn, OE. 0.» Waibia tas
Key, Rev. 8., Water-Fulford ......
Lawley, Hon. Robt., Hutton Hall ..

coococorcoce ooro ooneoo o ooocorcnw oorooceo coooooo Nrooe)

coooooo°o oooo ooooo o ooooooo ooocoooo coooooo ———

Lawley, Hon. and Rey. Stephen W.,
BAGH US Cee eee cient e cc
mig | W. T., Esq., Grove Hall, Ferry-
ridge

ee a eee)

Leeds, Duke of, Hornby Castle .... 5
Leeman, Geo., Esq. bg MER a hae as 5
Legard, Sir Thos., Bart., Ganton . 5
Lloyd, Miss, Ce RRR ae» 5
Lloyd, Edwd., Esq., Holtby ........ 5
Lloyd, Geo., Esq. " Stockton Hall . 5

Londesborough, the Right Hon. the
Lord, Grimston Park, (V. President) 10
Lowther, Sir J. H., Bart., shes 10
Markham, We, ta Esq. e Becca Hall... 5
Mason, Thos., Esq., Copt Hewick .. 5

Mason, Thos., Esq., York .......... 5
Mawdesley, Frede., Esq., York .... 5
Maxwell, W. C., Esq., Everingham
Dark * i nciuceetss ahs de ee Seen
Meek, Jas., Esq., Middlethorpe Lodge 5
Meek, Jas., Jun., Esq., York ....,. 5
Middleton, Lord, Birdsall House .... 10
Millay J: Rij Esa. Yorke ees ose 5
Mitford, Admiral: Hunmanby ...... 5
Monkhouse, Mr. Wm., Work eee 1

Montagu, Andrew, Esq., Melton Park 65
Moore, Mr. Frank, York 1
Musgrave, Ven. Archdeacon, Halifax 65

Newman, W. L., Esq., York ...... 2
Northumberland, Duke of, Alnwick
Oastle sic BR BR A 10
Oldfield, George, Esq., York ........ 5
Oldfield, Joshua, Esq., York ........ 5
Phillips, Prof. John, Oxford ........ 2

Prescott, Robt., Esq., Yorkshire Club 5
Preston, Te; ” Esq., Moreby Hall .. 5
Pulleine, J: ames, Esq., Crake Hall .. 6
Radcliffe, Sir J., Bart., Rudding Park 10
Raines, Wm., Esq., Wyton 2
Rawdon, W. Fred., Esq., Stockton, York 5
Read, Wm. H. eer Esq., Hayton 5
Reed, Wn., Esq., Yor 2

ynard, E. H. , Esq., Suindgrlandvrick 2
Richerdzon, Hy. .» Esq., Cherryhill,

York

a a a ey

Richardson, Wm., Esq., York ..... -
Robinson, Henry, Esq., York
Roundell, Rev. Danson R., Gledston 5
Rowntree, Joseph, Esq., York
Rutson, Wm., Esq , Newby Wiske .. 6
Salt, Titus, Esq., Saltaire, Bradford.. 65
Simpson, Thos., Esq., M.D., York .. 6
Slingsby, Sir Chs., Bart., Scriven Park 5

ane

eee eee

ococoococoo coooooocococ]|e\|co cocoooocoocooooco ooocooco ooocoococoo So &

is)
ra)

&.
h, Col. J. G., M.P., Heath Hall 5
1

Sot eran, Mr. H., "York
Sotheran, Mr. Wn., MORE as ey. 1
Stanhope, Spencer, Esa. ., Cannon Hall 6

Stansfield, Wim. Rookes Crompton,
Esq., Esholt Hall
Stillingfleet, Rev. E. W., Hotham 2
Stourton, Lord, Allerton Pek 2, 5
Stourton, Hon. P., Holme Hall .... 5
2

rs

a ee oe ey

Tempest, Colonel, Tong Hall, Leeds.. 5
Pompe Sir Charles, Bart. , Broughton
Thompson, Mr. Edwin, York
Thompson, H. 8., Esq., Kirby Hall ..
Thompson, Leonard. , Esq., Sheriff Hut-
ton Park 1... 04. Dees, 5
Toulson, 8. P., Esq., Skipwith Hall. .
Tower, Col., Middlethorpe Manor
Wade, Edwin, Esq., York
Walker, Jas., Esq., Sand-Hutton .
Watt, Francis, Esq., Bishop Burton...
Webb, Wnm., Esq., Sion Hill........
ei Rev. C., York

Wosthond, J, P. Brown, Esq., M. P.,
Led Castle... ene
Wharncliffe, Lord, Wortley Hall .
Wharton, J. T., Esq., Skelton Castle
Wharton, J. T., Esq., Aberford ....
Air 7 ig H.W. , Esq., M.P., Kirklees
Joslin ne CR ase, Se ie 5
Wilson, John, Esq., Seacroft Hall .. 5
Wilson, R. B., Esq., Cliff, Darlington 5
Woodd, Basil T., sq. .» M. ’P. , Conyng-
ham Hall
Woodall, John, Esq., Scarboro’
Yarburgh, Geo. J., Esq., Heslington
sths'the's a'e'gra'v w RUN Were GL his 5
York, Edwd., Esq., Wighill Park . 5
York, His Grace the Archbishop of .
Yorke, John, Esq., Bewerley Hall .. 3
Zetland, the Right Hon. the Earl of,
Aske Hall

a |

—_—_.

i] woooe oo oco oococo So eoocoooroceo ono coowonwnooceo COrrHOe

Oo oooo oo ooo oooo o ooocooocooocoo ooo cooooocooso ooaoo®s®8

£874 11 0

*,* Lord Bolton, and Wm. Aldam, Esq., being applied to for a Subscription to the Museum Enlargement
Fund, replied by becoming Life Members of the Society.

Members of the Society or others willing to assist in raising the Subscription
to the required amount (£1000), are requested to communicate with the Secretaries,

«Museum, York.

WO

*

kd yZ

:
a

5

: Porkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

MDCCCLVIII.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

MDCCCLVIII.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1849.

a fe. oe re

#} BEN Ges ce })
“aK Tae |

es xs ose = a
‘ oa «SS /

Woe NS

YORK:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

1859.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

THOMAS PHILIP, EARL DE, GREY.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D. D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F. R. S.

PATRONESESS

Morkshirve Philosophical Society.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R. S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, K. G., F. R. S.
LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1859.

PRESIDENT :
Tue Ear or Caruistz, K. G., F. B.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Lorp LonpEssorovueH, F. R. S.
Wma. Rupston Reap, F.L. S.
JoHN Puituirs, F. R. S.

Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F. R. 8.
Cuas. W. SrrickLanD.

Rev. Wiii1am Hey.

Witi1AmM Procter.

Tuomas Attuis, F. L. 8.

ns

TREASURER :
Wituiam Gray, F. R.A.S., F. G.S.,

ee

COUNCIL :

Elected 1857,...Roperr Davis, F. S. A.
JoHN Forp.
Rev. Henry Snort.
Epwp. SwaIne.
Gro. WILson.

Fillected 1858... .Rev. Isaac SPENCER.
J. P. Prircwerr.
S. W. Norra.

_ Elected 1859... . Tue Hon. & Very Rev. tHe DEAN or York.

Wiiiam Reszp, F. G. 8.
O. A. Moore.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

SERCETARIES :

Rev. J. Kenrick, F.S. A.
T. S. Nosrz, F. R. A. S.

CURATORS :

GEOLOGY, AND MINERALOGY .
ComMPARATIVE ANATOMY
British ORNITHOLOGY
InsEcTs AND CRUSTACEA .
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LIBRARY

Borany

OxssERvATORY & METEOROLOGY,

under the Care of a Committee |

consisting of

Witiiam Procter.

Tuomas Anus, F. L. S.

W. Rupsron Reap, F.L.S.

Rev. Wituiam Hey.

Rev. Joun Kenrick, F.S. A.

Rev. Tuomas Bay ty.

Oswatp ALLEN Moores.

Tue Rey. W. V. Harcourt,
F.R.S.

W. Gray, F.R.A.S., F.G.S.

JoHN Forp.

Rev. Wiii1aM Hey.

T. S. Nosrz, F.R.A.S.

es

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Witiram S. Datuas, F. L. S.

a

SUBCURATOR OF THE

Henry

MUSEUM & GARDENS:

BaAInes.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 1, 1859.

TueE Report for the year 1858, which the Council of the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society now lay before the Members,
has not to announce increased numbers, or large additions to
its Collections, such as have distinguished some former years,
but they present it in the confident belief, that any apparent
diminution in its activity has been owing to temporary causes,
and that its actual position affords the promise of permanent
prosperity and extended usefulness.

In consequence of the resignation of the Keeper of the
Museum at the beginning of the year, the duty devolved upon
the Council of appointing a successor. Testimonials in fayour
of several candidates of scientific attainments were laid before
them, and after a careful examination of these, they elected Mr.
Wn. S. Dallas, F. L.S., a gentleman known by his writings on
the subject of Zoology, and strongly recommended by some of
the officers of the British Museum, where he had been employ-
ed in arranging and describing the entomological collection.
Mr. Dallas is engaged to give his constant attendance at
the Museum, from ten o’clock till four, with the exception
of a vacation of six weeks, and he will in future years deliver
Lectures illustrative of the collections placed under his care.

8 REPORT OF THE

He entered on his duties on the first of January in the pre-
sent year. During the vacancy of the office of Keeper of
the Museum, the Council appointed Mr. Charles Wakefield,
Associate of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, to assist the
Secretaries ; an appointment which has proved satisfactory in
its results.

As both the arrangement and nomenclature of the geological
collection were imperfect, it appeared desirable to the Council,
especially with a view to the Meeting of the British Association
at Leeds, in September last, that the whole of it should be
carefully examined, and the specimens classified and named.
Mr. Woodward of the British Museum undertook this work,
in conjunction with Mr. Dallas, and spent three weeks in York
for this purpose. On the completion of their task, they pre-
sented a report to the Council, containing their remarks upon
the condition of the Society’s geological collection, and import-
ant suggestions for its increase and arrangement. ‘To this
report the Council will have occasion to refer again.

The fitting up of the new rooms has proceeded more slowly
than the Council anticipated, when they presented their last
report. It was not easy to determine in what manner the
magnificent saurian remains, for the reception of which chiefly
the extension has been made, could be most effectually pre-
served and displayed, whether by being placed horizontally on
tables, or encased in the wall. The latter mode has been
adopted, with one exception, in conformity with the practice of
the British Museum. It was necessary also that the heating
apparatus should first be fixed ; and no extensive arrangement
could be satisfactorily made in the absence of a Keeper of the
Museum. ‘These causes of delay no longer exist, and the
Council will proceed immediately to complete the work, as
far as the means at their disposal enable them. The Meeting
of the British Association at Leeds procured for the Society the
advantage of a visit from the President of the year, Professor
Owen, who spent many hours in the examination and measure-
ment of its saurian remains. This examination enabled him
to ascertain that they are specifically different from those
which the corresponding strata in the South of England have

counciL FoR 1858. 9

furnished.* It was at his suggestion, that the Council
determined to protect them by a screen of glass, from the
injury to which their projecting portions might be exposed.
The structure of the Plesiosaurus Zetlandicus appeared to
him so curious, as to induce him to recommend that it should
not be encased in the wall, so as to conceal its inferior
surface, but deposited in a horizontal case, having been first
carefully cleared of extraneous matter and arranged, by Mr.
Dew of the British Museum, to whom he kindly undertook
to give the necessary instructions. The Council have engaged
Mr. Dew to visit York, but as the time during which he can
be absent from his duties in London is limited, it has been
thought desirable that he should come when the increased
length of the days would enable him to work longer in the
Museum. The table for its reception is in preparation, and
along with the Plesiosaurus will be deposited fossils belong-
ing to the formation from which it was extracted. The
space now vacant on the wall in which the two large saurians
are encased, will be filled, it is hoped, hereafter by some
similar remains, which time will no doubt bring to light in the
rich strata of Whitby. The opposite side of the room will for the
present be devoted to casts of saurians, which may hereafter
be replaced by real specimens, if we should be so fortunate as
to obtain them.

The members of the Society will be desirous to know,
what are the plans of the Council for the occupation of the
two remaining rooms of the new building. With the appro-
bation of Mr. Rudston Read, the valuable collection of British
birds presented by him, will be removed from the upper room
of the original building, in which it is now kept, and placed
under the gallery, in the room which is entered from the
zoological collection. Its position can easily be changed and

* In a letter to the Rev. W. V. Harcourt, Professor Owen says :

‘TI retain Professor Phillips’s name Zetlandicus, attached to-the short-necked
Plesiosaurus from Whitby in the York Museum. The long necked Plesiosaurus ”
(Col, Cholmley’s) “is Pl. homalospondylus ; the Ichthyosaurus” (Mr. Roundell’s)
“is Ichth. erassimanus. The one represents the Pl. dolichodeirus of the Dorset

Lias, the other, the Ichth. platyodon of the same Lias ; but both are distinct species,
peculiar to Whitby.”

10 REPORT OF THE

the space not occupied by the birds may be devoted to the
reception of specimens of the few mammalia which are found
in Britain. Two table cases in the centre will, according to
the calculation of Mr. Dallas, furnish adequate room for a
collection of shells, echinodermata, polypes and crustacea,
together with a small typical collection of insects.

In the corresponding room on the other side, into which a
door is about to be opened, the Council propose to begin the
formation of a collection of the fossils of Yorkshire. Almost
every geologist from a distance, who visits the Museum, ex-
presses a wish, that by means of such a collection he could at
once see the identity or diversity of the productions of the
Yorkshire strata, and those which he has studied in his own
district. The great extent of the county and the variety of its
formations, from the tertiaries of its eastern coast to the
paleozoic remains in its western hills, will furnish abundant
means of gradually filling the cases of such a special Yorkshire
Museum. It is not, however, the intention of the Council to
interfere with the stratigraphical arrangement of the present
geological room. Nothing can be more interesting and in-
structive to the student of geology and paleontology than the
series here presented to him, whether he proceeds from the
latest and most superficial deposits, through the long succession
of strata, till he reaches those in which hitherto no traces of
organic life have been found; or follows the ascending scale,
from its simplest to its most complex forms. The collection in
the geological room could hardly continue to serve this purpose,
if the greater number of Yorkshire specimens were at once
withdrawn, to be placed ina separate series. Many duplicates,
however, are in the Society’s possession, by means of which
the commencement of a separate Yorkshire collection may be
made, and the Council feel persuaded that when once this design
is known, contributions of specimens will flow in from various
quarters. The importance of such a special exhibition of the
paleontology of Yorkshire is evident ; and if it is to be formed
any where within the limits of the county, it will not be denied
that the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society is its
most appropriate place. To whatever extent this special collec-

COUNCIL FOR 1858. ll

tion may be increased, it is not probable that it will occupy the
whole of this room, and the galleries will afford ample space
for the augmentations of many future years.

The Council wish to call the particular attention of the
Members to a part of the report of Messrs. Woodward and
Dallas, relative to the present stratigraphical collection. After
mentioning, the number of exhibited fossils, which amounts to
8,181, and its richness in some departments, they notice its
entire deficiency in others, as the Devonian corals and shells,
the fossils of the Bath oolite of the South of England, of the
fish palates of the carboniferous limestone and the “lias bone
bed”; of shells from the magnesian limestone ; specimens ,
from the rich quarries of inferior oolite in the South of England,
and the Oxford clay of Chippenham ; the fossils of the gault,
and the greensand of Faringdon in the Isle of Wight. The
Council draw attention to these desederata, in the hope that the
notice of them may induce the members of the Society to
supply what is wanting. At the late Meeting of the British
Association at Leeds, a plan was suggested for an annual
assembling of delegates from the different Philosophical and
Literary Societies of Yorkshire, at various places in succession,
for the purpose of mutual communication and instruction.
York was fixed upon as the most suitable place for a general
meeting, at which the projected Union should be organized.
The Council gladly offered the use of rooms in the Museum for
such a Meeting, and expect soon to receive notice of the time
when it will be held. Should the suggestion of an annual
Meeting be carried out, it will, among other advantages, enable
the curators of different Societies to become acquainted with
the natural history of the district in which the meeting is held,
and with the contents of each other’s Museums; and by an
interchange of specimens to supply the deficiencies of one from
the superabundance of another.

Of the £1000 which it was proposed to raise for building
and fitting up the new room, £893 has been subscribed, and
this sum will be exhausted by the expences already incurred.
It is much to be desired that at least the amount originally
contemplated should be raised: the fitting~up of the lower

12 REPORT OF THE

rooms, without the galleries, is estimated to cost £250; and if
this is to be provided for out of the annual income of the
Society, it will advance but slowly, and the rooms will remain
in an unfinished state.

The principal addition which has been made to the Lisrary
this year, has been of a number of numismatic works, amount-
ing to 40 volumes, presented by the family of the late
Rey. Charles Wellbeloved, in pursuance of his request. The
Catalogue has been printed and may be had of the Keeper of
the Museum; the price is sixpence. The Library contains
many works of high scientific value ; and with the exception of
costly volumes of plates, which cannot safely be allowed to circu-
late, they may be obtained from it by members every day during
the hours of the Keeper’s attendance ; three volumes may be
taken out at a time; a month is allowed for reading them.
The Council believe that neither the valuable contents of the
Library, nor the liberal terms on which its use is granted, are
generally known; they have published the Catalogue that the
members be more generally acquainted with them, and they
hope a more extensive use of it will be made.

Respecting the Ossrervatory, Mr. Noble and Mr. Gray
report, that the new telescope has been carefully and severely
tested, that every expectation with respect to its performance
has been realized, and that the instrument will bear comparison
with any other of similar size and aperture. The old equatorial —
mounting has been retained, and as the adjustments are now
tolerably correct, the instrument answers every useful purpose,
and a considerable outlay has thus been saved to the Society.

The Comet, which has attracted the notice of every one by its
brilliancy, and engaged philosophers in speculations on the
nature of cometary phenomena, was seen from the Observatory
of the Society to the greatest advantage, in the latter part of
September and the early part of October. The nucleus, with
a power of about 50, presented the following appearance.
First, an outer disc of a parabolic form. Superimposed upon
this were two circular, concentric, luminous discs ; and in the
centre of the inner disc appeared the bright part of the nucleus.
The outer parabolic disc, at the point whence the tail emanated,

COUNCIL FOR 1858. 13

had the appearance of an ellipse partly cut away, the outer
portion of the tail being bright, whilst an absence of light was
generally noticed in the centre of the tail. The tail was
upwards of 40° in length and at its extremity was diffused
with a bend towards the North-west. ‘The Astronomer Royal,
Professor Challis and Mr. Gray observed on the inner dise of
the nucleus, and a little to the left of it, a dark, well defined
spot ; and it appeared to Mr. Gray that a similar spot existed
on the outer disk. It was probably this appearance which gave
rise to the opinion that the comet was attended by a satellite ;
and led some observers to announce that the comet presented
the appearance of a division, similar to that which took place
in Biela’s comet in 1846. Neither of these speculations had
any foundation, and no theory has been proposed which ac-
counts for this singular appearance.

The Curator of Entomotoey reports, that the insects in the
cabinets are in good condition, but that no additions of im-
portance have been made to the collection during the past year.
He suggests that the type-specimens of the different genera
should be exhibited in table cases, and that those which are
reserved for the cabinets should be re-arranged according to the
present state of science ; and he hopes that by the assistance
of the Keeper of the Museum, considerable improvement may
be made during the present year.

The collection of Mryrrats also has received no addition
during the past year. At the request of the Council Mr.
Procter will add the Curatorship of Geology to that of Min-
eralogy which he has hitherto held.

In the department of Antiquities there is nothing to be
noted, except that the blocked up arches of St. Leonard’s
Hospital, towards the Multangular Tower, have been opened
and strengthened, and the two forced entrances, made when it
was occupied as a wine cellar, have been closed. By these
changes the original arrangement of the building has been
rendered more evident, and the appearance of the ruins im-
proved. At the request of the British Museum, specimens of
tiles, with the stamp of the 8th and 9th legion, have been
furnished to the national collection of Roman Antiquities.

14 REPORT OF THE

The Lxcrurzs delivered in the Hall of the Museum have
been more numerous than usual during the past year. Two
Lectures, one on Fossils and their teaching, the other on
Corals, were given by Professor Morris, of University College,
London; and two by Dr. Cobbold, one on Skeletal forms, the
other on the more attractive forms of Animal Life. The Rev.
James Raine, jun., gave an interesting Lecture on the Border
Counties of England and Scotland; Mr. O’Callaghan, on
Autographs, illustrating the subject by the exhibition of his
large collection ; Capt. O’Brien on the Currents of the Atmos-
phere; and Mr. North on the Nervous system in man and
animals. In the month of December two Lectures were given
by the Rev. Thomas Myers, on the Planetary and Astral
Systems of the Heavens. An abstract of the papers read at
the Monthly Meetings of the Society will be annexed to the
Report.

The Curator of Meteorological instruments reports that the
range of the mercurial column for 1858 was 1°74 in., that of the
temperature 68°. The mean temperature was 467° or 2 of a
degree lower than a mean of twenty years. August and
September, the harvest months, were above a mean. The rain
of 1858 was 3°79 in. below a mean of twenty years: 1°75 below
a mean of the last ten years: 1°69 below a mean of the last
five years. From the 12th of February to the 13th of March,
both inclusive, the thermometer was at or below freezing point
every night, 30 in regular succession. Thunder and lightning
occurred three times in April; three times in May ; four times
in June, and once in August, viz. the 12th. A display of
Aurora was seen on the evening of the ninth of April.

The table of the Rainfall of 1857, which was received too
late to be inserted in the Report of that year, is here given,
along with the corresponding table for 1858.

COUNCIL FOR 1858.

RAIN FALL, YORKSHIRE, 1857.

15

gblelalelaja)a ls
2 = as r 4 a & 3 a
a
Jan. | 2°35 | 3°50 | 2°95 | 2°58 | 2°00 | 3:00} 3:10) 3°75 | 3-01
Feb. | 0°66 | 1°00 | 0:74 | 0°58 | 0°69 | 1:78 | 1:19 | 2°14 | 2°32
Mar. | 0°93 | 2:25| 2°37 | 2°18 | 2°30 | 2°79 | 3:21 | 338 | 3°64
April |. 58°47 | 2°75 | 3:08 | 2°75 | 2°62 | 831 | 2°82) 3:28 | 2°16
May | 0°91 | 0°37 | 1:03 | 1:47 | 1:70] 1:28 | 1:72 | 2°34 | 1°68
June | 2°45 | 2°50} 1°38 | 2°73 | 2°74 | 2°30 | 2°58 | 4:21 | 3:98
July | 3°87 | 8:88 | 2°39 | 2°96 | 1°98 | 2°46 | 2°29 | 1°80 | 2°84
Aug. | 5°99 | 6°75 | 4:50 | 659 | 5°43 | 7:41 | 4:74 | 5:00 | 1:28
Sept. | 1°95 | 2°37 | 2°86 | 2°03 | 2°36 | 2°96 | 3:17 | 3°76} 2°91
Oct. | 1:21 | 1°00} 1:19} 1:19 131 2°20 | 1°55 | 1:49] 1°18
Nov. | 1°40 | 1:50 | 1:05 | 1:11} 1:27 | 1°72 | 2°24 | 3:05} 2°21
Dec. | 0°26 | 0°25 | 0:23 | 0°32 | 0°19 | 0°91 | 2°03 | 1°67 | 3:06
25°45 | 28°12 | 23°77 | 26°44 | 24°59 | 32°12 | 30°64 | 35:87 | 30°
RAIN FALL, YORKSHIRE, 1858.
: . 3 ; Bf ; | a)
gala ie g)4/4 2 145)°
Jan. | 0°89 | 0°75 | 0°42 | 0°48 | 0°65 | 0°99 | 1°14 | 1°74 491 | 2°09
Feb. | 0°64 | 0:50 | 0°43 | 0°65 | 0°31 | 0°31 | 0°59 | 0:20 | 0°48 | 0°26
Mar. | 1°48 | 0°25 | 1:06 |.1:10 | 1:12} 1:52] 0°86 | 1:59} 1:88 | 1:49
April | 0°94 | 2°75 | 1:29 | 1:22 | 1°94 | 4:36! 2:56 | 346 | 3°66 | 2-70
May | 2°37) 2°50 | 1°75 | 1:72) 1:95 | 2°19) 2:00} 3:09 | 5:25} 1°81
June | 1:00 | 1:25] 1°32 | 0°89 | 1°60 | 8°03} 1:98 |} 2°65 | 2°34) 3-11
July | 2°93 | 3°87 | 3:16 | 2°59} 1:43) 1°83) 1°85 | 2°23} 1:96; 1°59
Aug. | 3°70 | 3°25 | 2°43 | 3:37 | 1:99 | 2:29] 1:19 | 3:06 | 4:15} 2°92
Sept. | 3:28 | 2°60 | 2°58 | 3:25 | 2°79 | 3°79) 2:32 | 4:16| 7:16 | 3°54
Oct. | 3°00 | 3:50 | 211 | 3°41 | 861) 498} 4:97 | 5°56} 7:36 | 5:04
Nov. | 1.72} 2°00 1°33 | 1°34] 111} 0°93} 1°67 | 2°82 2°74 | 2°88
Dec 1:50 | 2°00 | 1°66] 1°47 | 1.34] 227] 2°98 | 515 | 3:28 | 3:07
23°45 | 25°12 | 19°54 | 20°49 | 19°84 | 28-49 24°11 | 35°71 | 45°17 | 30°50

16 REPORT OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1858.

BAROMETER. RAIN. THERMOMETER. q
Jos #/ Ee
a 4 a g/ 2] »
ae) : oi 3 2 :
Pitiglzlelelsleizizizlel z
Aah fl ed a ieee dot ade ea &
Rin la a Aig} s/siH[A | &
4a/4/5 |
Jan. | 30°704) 29-680) 30°192|) 0:48 | 4 || 40-4] 30-4) 35-4] 53 | 21 || 92 | 37811 S.E.
Feb. | 30°526) 29°352| 29-998] 0:65 | 6 || 88°7| 28°5| 33-6] 47 | 17 || 24 | 341 || E.
Mar. | 30°582) 29-040) 29°825|} 1:10 | 3 || 46-7| 33-3/ 40-5 64 | 18 || 13 || 380] N-w.
April | 30°500| 28-994) 29888|| 1:22 | 7 || 64°1| 37-7! 46-9! 70 | 28 414|| EB

May | 30°530) 29-000) 29°810)| 1°72 | 20 || 57-2) 43-1) 50-1) 67 | 33

July | 30°248 29°408) 29°840]) 2°59 | 9 || 64:8) 49°6] 57-2) 71 | 41
Aug. | 30°475) 29°594/ 29°899]| 3°37 | 14 || 66°7/ 51°6| 59-2) 76 | 44

4
0
June | 30°414/ 29-760) 30:006)| 0°89 | 9 || 71:1] 51°6| 61:3) 85 | 40 0 || 559
0
0
Sep. | 30°470) 29°514/ 29°907|| 3:25 | 16 || 61:9) 49-1] 55°5| 72 | 37 0

Oct. | 30°656| 29°148) 29°866)) 2°41 | 16 || 52-0) 41°4) 46-7; 65 | 32 1 || 458
Nov. | 30°548/ 28-962) 29°873)| 1°34 | 15 || 44:4] 33-4) 38-9) 51 | 17 || 18 || 374

AMR aT

Dec. | 30°420} 29°126] 29°771]| 1°47 | 16 || 40°4/ 31°3| 35°8} 51 | 22 || 17 || 366

29°905)| 20°49 (138 46°6 94

The receipts of the year have fallen short of those of 1857.
The sums taken at the Gate and at the Swimming Bath have
been greater, but the general amount of last year was swelled
by the large number of Life Memberships and the proceeds of
the Exhibition. The expenditure, however, has been less than
in that year, and a balance of £40 7s. appears on the year’s
account in favour of the Society,

The Council have received, with regret, from Mr. Allis an
intimation that the state of his health, and his occupations,
will not allow him to retain the office of Honorary Secretary,
which he has filled for the last four years. By proposing him
as one of the Vice-Presidents, the Council desire at once to mark
their appreciation of his services, and to secure to the Society
the benefit of his advice and co-operation. They have the
satisfaction of announcing that Mr. T. S. Noble will undertake

COUNCIL FOR 1858. 17

the office of Honorary Secretary in the room of Mr. Allis, if it
be the pleasure of the Annual Meeting to elect him.

The scientific eminence of Professor Owen renders it un-
necessary for the Council to say anything, in support of the
Resolution which they will submit to the meeting, for placing
his name in the list of Honorary Members.

It only remains for the Council to notice some losses which
the Society has sustained by death during the past year. They
have already placed among their proceedings a Resolution,
expressive of their regret at the decease of their highly esteemed
member and Vice-President, Mr. Wellbeloved, and their sense
of the benefit which the Yorkshire Philosophical Society derived
from his talents, zeal and learning ; and his services, continued
to the latest period of his lengthened life. In this tribute to
his memory they have no doubt that the members of the Society
will cordially concur. Mr. Robinson had filled the office of
Secretary, from the year 1837 to 1842; he had been frequently
a member of the Council, and had always manifested a lively
interest in the welfare of the Society. The list of its original
members, already become so limited, has been further diminish-
ed by the death of the late Dean of York, Sir Wm. Cockburn ;
and among our Honorary Members, the distinguished names of
Mr. Warburton and Dr. Peacock will no longer appear. In
Mr. Joseph Clark of Cincinnati we have lost a foreign member
who, in his remote locality, was ever mindful of our interests,
and has enriched our Museum with many valuable specimens
of Natural History.

Three Members of Council—Mr. James Meek, junior, Mr.
Fowler Jones and Mr. Seymour retire by rotation, and are
ineligible for the present year.

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1858.

Cr. RECEIPTS.

1858. epay yee ee
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 663 11 0
Admission of New Members ...... 53 0 0
Ladies’ Subscriptions ............ 39 1 0
AMGDCIAUGS A1 . N cies. psc sceeecbcee sdttlO 0nd
Keys of the Gates ......ssceseee.. 37 5 O
Renta ....... deeacsecebeame’eeaaes tee T wre
Money received at the Gate.... 7 4
Swimming Bath .........ccsseeees 3 2
Sale of Guide to Antiquities ...... 16 4 0
Temporary Subscribers ....cecceeee 300
Use Of Deuk aside cede sontabasc’s 900
Geo. Wilson (don. for Garden) .... 5 0 0

Total Income: ..cse.sccsccceccceess 1273 10 10

Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ..........£1900 0 0
Five Members at £50

BAOR ‘sececestsves. 200° 0.0
2150 0.0
Balance in Treasurer's
hands Jan. 1859.... 137 6 0
Total Debt of Society,
Samh., 3000 | vscccies £2012 14 0

Br.

ae ver &

EXPENDITURE.

6..+ 1) de
100
563.17 7

1858.
Crown Rent ......cccces
Rent to Corporation ....
Rates and Taxes ........ 10 3 3
Insurance & Water Rent 1214 0
—_—-_ 77 1410
Salaries and Wages:
Keeper of the Museum
and Assist. Secretary 250 0
Sub-Curator .......... 100 0
BGFVAIG “(cs cvasedscaces
Lodge Keeper .......
Labourers .....600.... 149 17
Collector, <3. seseeé
Attendant, Museum ..
Temporary Attendant,
Hospitium ..........
Woodward and Dallas,
arrangement of Geo-
logical Collection ....
C. Wakefield ..........

8
—]
oe ocooooco

50 0 0
50 0 0

Interest on Debt to Dec. 31, 1858:
Insurance Company ........e0028 74 5 2
Museum Gardens, &c. :

General Repairs...... cocose 105. 8.1
Library, Books and Binding ...... 28 6 7
Swimming Bath:

Keeper's Salary........ 30°0 0

Water Rent............ 30 0 0

Repairs and Incidents 9 6 6
. ——— am | 60,6. 6
Miscellaneous Expenses:

Printing, Advertising,

KOs) ves Sv eeedeven ved OF NOs]
Coals and Gas ........ 61 4 7
Expences _ connected

with Band ........ 15 7 6
od Lectures...... 416 3
s St. Leonard’s

Hospital .......... 30 0 0

bs Observatory... 5 0 0
Postage, Carriage, and

Sundries ......scesee 17 9° 9

198 7 2

: 1233 310

Surplus of Income ............c005 40 7 0

£1273 10 10

Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ..........£1900 0 0
Due to Five Members
£50 each ........000. 250 0 0

2150 0 O
Due from the Treasurer

Jan. 1858 .......0c0002. 96.19 0
—— 2053 1 0
Surplus of Income, 1858 cocsesccee 40° 7 O
£2012 14 0

Feb, 9th, 1859, Audited by us,-EDWARD SWAIN E.

W. GRAY, Treasvper.

HENRY SHORT.

19

MEMBERS
ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1858.

1858.

Alfred Ball, York.

E. Charlesworth, 1, De Grey Street.

H. Cowling, Park Place.

The Dean of York.

J. W. Lancaster, 9, Vew Bridge Street.
Rey. T. H. Morgan, Gilling.

T. C. Paley, 23, High Petergate.

H. Peckitt, Carlton, Husthwaite, Thirsk.
C. H. Peirse, Minster Yard.

Jas. Robinson, Micklegate.

D. H. Tuke, M. D.

1859.
Robt. Varvill, Mount.
H. Preston, Parliament Street.

Wm. Robinson, Stonegate.
John Walker, 16, Gillygate.

ASSOCIATES.

1858.

R. R. Blyth, Lendal.
Rey. T. Falkner, 54, Clarence Street.

LADY SUBSCRIBERS

ADMITTED 1858.
Miss Belcombe, 1, Lord Mayor's Walk.
Mrs. Biddulph, Museum Street.
Miss Field, 4, Clifton.
Miss R. Oldfield, 31, Bootham.
Miss Pole, High Ousegate.

20

LECTURES

DELIVERED DURING THE YEAR 1858.

Fes. 10.—On the Manners and Customs of the Border Counties
of England; by Rev. James Ratnz, Jun.

Fes. 24.—On Autographs and their connections with History,
illustrated by Specimens ; by P. O’Cantaauan, Esq.

Marcx 24.—On the Currents of the Atmosphere; by Carr, O’Brien.
Aprit 7.—On Fossils and their teachings ; by Prorrssor Morris.
Aprit 9.—On Corals; by Prorzssor Morris.

Aprit 21.—On Skeletal Forms ; by Dr. T. Spencer Cossoxp.
Apri 22.—On some of the more attractive forms of Animal Life ;
by Dr. T. Spencer Cospoxp.

Apri. 28.—On the structure and functions of the Nervous System
in Man and Animals; by Mr. Norru.

Dec. 8.—On Sir Isaac Newton, and the Planetary System; by
Rey. Toomas Myers, M. A.

Dec. 22.—On Sir William Herschel, and the Astral System; by
Rey. Tuomas Myzrs, M. A.

21

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,

1858.

Marco 2.—Mr. T. 8. Noste read a paper on the great solar
eclipse predicted for the 15th, pointing out its course and amount,
and the phenomena which might be expected to accompany it.

Aprit 6.—Ropert Daviss, Esq., read a paper on “ The King’s
Manor and King’s Palace at York.” The object of the paper was to
show that these were not, as Drake and others following him had sup-
posed, the same building. The King’s Manor was originally the house
of the Abbot of St. Mary’s, and was appropriated to the use of the
Lord President of the North and his Council, within a year after the
dissolution of the Abbey. The King’s Palace, if it were ever assigned
as a residence to the Lords President of the North, which may be
doubted, was deserted and demolished within a few years after the
death of the monarch who had ordered it to be erected. It stood on
that part of the grounds of the Abbey on which the Museum of the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society stands; and it was the erection of
the palace which chiefly contributed to the speedy and almost total
overthrow of the church and offices of the Monastery. The terraces,
sloping towards the river, which existed before the Society began its
excavations, formed the ornamental grounds of the palace. A small
part of an exterior wall and one angle of the east front of the palace,
yet visible in the court behind the Wilberforce School for the Blind,
are the only remains of it above ground ; but in the spacious vaults,
popularly called “ The King’s Cellars,” we have a highly interesting
portion of the basement story of the palace still existing in an almost
perfect state. They were no part of the monastic buildings, but were
built on the site of the Chapterhouse and other apartments belonging
to the Abbey, of the wreck of which they were composed. The

22

precise period of the erection of this palace cannot be positively
determined ; but it was probably ready for the King’s reception in
1541, when he visited York, and resided, according to the records of
the Corporation, “within his Grace’s palace at St. Mary’s.” When
Archbishop Holgate, the President of the Council of the North, visited
York in 1545, it appears by the same records, that he was entertained
at the King’s palace. It is probable that one of the rapacious
courtiers of the King, who had obtained a licence to convert to his
use the remains of the Abbey, laid his hands upon the newly-built
palace of the King and made spoil of this also, so that within ten or
twelve years of its erection, this splendid edifice became a mass of
ruins.

» May 4.—A_ paper, by the Rev. Cartes WELLBELOVED, was
read, respecting the supposed seal of St. Mary’s Abbey, figured in
Hargrove’s History of York (2,583), and in the fifth volume of the
Vetusta Monumenta, published by the Society of Antiquaries.
The matrix of the seal was presented in 1824 to the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society by Mr. Richd. Dalton, with an inscription de-
claring it to be the seal of St. Mary’s Abbey; but by whom this
inscription was placed upon it is not known. He gave no account of
the place where or the time when it was found; Mr. Hargrove speaks
of him as being the possessor of it in 1818. There is nothing in the
device or inscription to warrant the appropriation of it to any partic-
ular religious community or house, and in Poulson’s Holderness (2,213)
a seal exactly similar is given as that of the Abbey of Melsa or
Meaux in Holderness.. It is there said that the matrix of the seal
~ had been found about June 1834, by a labourer, in a stone coffin,
beneath a portion of the brick pavement of the floor of the Abbey of
Meaux, not previously disturbed, and sold to an itinerant vendor of
plaster images, on condition that a plaster cast, gilded and framed,
should be part of the bargain. From this cast the engraving in
Poulson’s work had been made, but what had become of the original
had not been ascertained. Greenwood, the engraver, had obtained the
cast from the Rev. Mr. Dennis, of Beverley, who also communicated
to him the particulars respecting its discovery. No seal corresponding
with it has ever been found appended to any deed or document
proceeding from the Abbey of Meaux ; but there is in existence an
agreement between the Abbey and the Hospital of St. Leonard's,
York, touching a well at Wharrham-le-Street, which is quite different
from that said to have been discovered in the coffin. But it has as

23

little claim to be considered as the seal of the Abbey of St. Mary,
York. It has never been found attached to any ancient deed of this
Abbey. That which is exhibited by Drake was appended to a deed
of 13 Edw. IV. <A cast, presented at this Meeting by Mr. Davies,
and considerably more perfect, was derived from an ancient deed of
the Abbey, found in the records of the Duchy of Lancaster. Mr.
Wellbeloved, from all these circumstances, concluded that this had
been the common seal of the Abbey, during the whole period of its
existence, and that the matrix presented by Mr. Dalton had no claim
to be considered as the seal of the Abbey of St. Mary, York.

Mr. Procter read a paper on the Archeology of Bronze. After
noticing the division of the prehistoric times, made by the Scandina-
vian antiquaries, into the stone and bronze periods, he observed on
the importance of metallurgy in connection with the history of civiliza-
tion. Its commencement indeed is lost in the earliest antiquity, but
the remains of art in Egypt, Babylon and Nineveh indicate an
advanced state of metallurgic skill. Copper took the lead of iron,
and attempts were early made to give it additional hardness, by mixing
it with other metals. By alloying it with tin, bronze is produced, the
hardest of the compounds of copper; and as bronze has been found
among the remains of the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians, it is evident
that the use of tin was known to them. This metal is easily fusible,
and appears on the surface in the detritus of primitive rocks ; so that
it would be early discovered and easily worked. Cornwall and Spain
are the European countries in which it is most abundant ; in Asia it is
found in the island of Banca and the straits of Sumatra; it was
probable, however, as the Pheenicians had intercourse 1000 years B. C.
with western Europe, that it was thence the Egyptians and Assyrians
derived the tin which went to form their bronze. Copper is a metal
found in great abundance, sometimes even native; but though the
aboriginal Americans are said to have been in possession of the secret
of giving it a temper equal to bronze, yet it is in fact too soft for
cutting instruments, and hence the necessity for an admixture. A
question had been raised whether the bronze objects so generally found
in barrows, &c. were the manufacture of. the countries in which they
were found, or diffused from some common centre. The analysis of
bronzes shows considerable differences in their composition, and in
nearly every country in which they have been found, moulds have
also been found, whence the conclusion seems natural that these
articles were manufactured there, and not imported. Mr. Procter

24

said he had detected traces of lead in almost every analysis of one class
of ancient bronze, and had come to the conclusion that it had been
purposely added to give toughness to the metal, an effect which it
produces if the quantity be small.

The following table exhibits the results of Mr. Procter’s analysis of
various articles in the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

ZINO. | COPPER. TIN. LEAD.
Celts from Westow ......sceseceee 83°02 11°66 5°12
Celt not labelled .......scceccceees 82°37 15:23 3°30
Celt from Riggs ....essesccseees 84:52 | 18-42 1:66
Celt from Treland .........sscceeeee 86:97 10:90 1:50
Bronze Vessel .......0.scssscceeees 88'4. 10°5 14
Anglo-Saxon fibula, Driffield ... 7:18 79°56 9°25 3°61
SILVER.
Styca (Eanred-Monne)........000 20 70°5 45 5
SILVER.
i 10°2
Styca (Eadrin-Monne).......+000. 25 62°4 1:11 Gorn.
ae
Styca (Hanred-Fordred) .........| 6°1 89°7 4'3 { bgt ee
Roman Armlet ......,cccccccecseoes 13°64 80°34 5°87 0°50
Coin of Constantine 5:1 86°4. 42 35
Coin of Antoninus Pius ......... 86°42 10°80 3°80
Ancient Mexican Idol....,....... 79°82 12°18 8°60
Arrow-head, Egyptian .........++ 776 214
IRON.
Bronze Axe .....04 hat os koubacenies 0°28 91:99 6°73 0°69

For the analysis of the bronze handle of an Etruscan patera, see

Report for 1857.

25

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.

Bolton, Lord ...secccessesse Fossil Plant from Gatherley Moor.
Tennant, Professor ......... Specimens of Cryolite from Greenland.

ZOOLOGY.

Brooksbank, B. Heywood,
BSG. oc -ceccctvccisee ses cesses
Cooke, Rev. Robt. B., :
F Wikeldvake} -isccssssace Female Silver Crested Pheasant.
Hale, H., Esq., (Acomd)... One large and three small Snouts of
Saw Fish.
Two Bottles containing Snakes from
Java and Chinese Sea.
One Bottle of Small Fish.
One Shark’s Jaw.

A Double Duck’s Egg.

Thompson, H. &., qs ;
fae: ae Ornithorhynchus Paradoxus.

Wakefield, Mr. C. ...... .«- Land and Fresh Water Shells collected
in and near York.
Wenlock, Lord ......... seoeee White Mole.
AQUARIUM.

Fergusson, D., Esq., (Red-) A portion of a Haul Rope covered
with Zoophytes, Polyzoa, Balani and
Seaweeds inhabited by numerous
specimens of Mollusca, Echinoder-
mata, and Crustacea, &c.
North, S. W., Esq. /...00.0 Sea Anemones and Mollusca.

car) See reer ereeeereseneerese

Cc

26

ANTIQUITIES.

Davies, Robt., Esq., F.S.A. A Cinerary Urn, found in digging for
the foundation of his house on the
Mount.
A Glazed Earthenware Vessel, found
in St. Leonard’s Place.
Twelve Sulphur Casts of Seals of the
Abbey of St. Mary and the Hospital

of St. Leonard.
Dawnay, Hon. Payan ...... An Article in Bronze, supposed a Can-
dlestick, found at Beningbrough.
Graham, Me, D. ” ci.cc0 Clay Vessel, found in Peter Lane.
Sunter, Mr. Robt. ............ Monument of Sir Wm. Tod.
Swaine, Edwd., Esq. ...... Supposed Stone Halter-Weight.
Temple, Mr. ....0+00-.....-. Three Roman Urns, found in Burton
Lane.
Walker, Br, Ol" cccicssecees Coin of Vespasian.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Hale, H., Esq., (Acomd)... One War Club, from New Zealand.
Bow and eleven Arrows, from Calcutta.
Malay Crease, from Java.
Taylor, Rev. Wm., F. R.S., ) Fragment of the Great Bell at West-
(London ) ...+0seeceereeeee minster.

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of.......... Greenwich Observations, 1856.
Association, British, for the
Advancement of Science Report for 1857.
The Author .......0.0+..-- Letteratura Dantesca, by H. C. Barlow.
Industry on Christian Principles, by
H. C. Barlow.
The Author ...sccsececeee «.. Antiquités Celtiques et Anté-dilu-
veennes. Tome II., by M. Boucher
de Perthes.

27

The Author ...... sesssseseeee A Catalogue of Works relating to
Yorkshire, by E. Hailstone, Esq.

The Author .......0...0.e6. Roman Sepulcral Inscriptions, by the
Rey. John Kenrick, F.S. A.

The Author .............6--. Papers read to the Botanical Society of
Edinburgh, by Geo. Lawson, Ph. D.

The Author .........+.+000-.. The Cotteswold Hills, by John Lycett.

The Author ............s0e+. The Law of Treasure Trove, by A. H.

Rhind, F.S. A.

Boucher de Perthes, M. .. Mémoires de la Société d’Emulation
d’ Abbeville, 1852 to 1857.

East India Company, The

Hon. Court of Directors of

Institution, Royal, of Great
} Proceedings of, 1857—58.

Catalogue of Birds, vol. 2.

Britain ......... mene
Londesborough, Tid! qepins Fairholt’s Notes on a Journey through
the South of France to Rome.
Morris, Rev. F. O. ......... The Naturalist, 1856—57.
Read, W. H. Rudston, Esq. Proceedings of the Linnean Society,
vols. 2 and 3.
Robinson, Henry, Esq....... Catalogue of Art Treasures’ Exhibition.
Society of Antiquaries ...... Archxologia, vol. 37. p. 2.
Proceedings of, vol. 4. No. 47.
Society of Antiquaries of ) Catalogue of the Inscribed and Sculptur-
Newcastle ......sccscscesees éd Stones preserved in its Museum.
Society, Chemical ............ Quarterly Journal of, No. 41—43.
Society, Geological ......... Quarterly Journal, vol. 14, No. 53.
Society, Liverpool Literary
and Philosophical ..
Society, ils chiskbse Tatetaty
and Philosophical ..
Society, Royal, of Bainburgh Proceedings of, vol. 4, No. 48.
Society, Scarborough Lit- it

A Proceedings of, 1856—57 & 1857—58.

f Transactions, second series, vol. 15.

erary, ceetggines and ) Report of.
Archeological ....0.++.
Thurnam, Dr. Abury illustrated.

Tyneside Naturalists’ Field
Club eeeeee See resoeeeeseoe ree Report, vol. 3, p- 4.

Wellbeloved, Rey. © . «eee Eckhel Doctrina Numorum Veterum,
8 vols. 4to.
Spanheim de Prestantia Numorum.

28

Wellbeloved, Rey. C. ...... Perry's Series of English Coins.
Hawkins’ English Silver Coins.
Akerman’s Manual.

Akerman’s Roman Coins, 2 vols.
Pegge, Coins of Cunobelin.

Ducarel, Anglo-Gallic Coins.
Snelling on Counters.

Snelling on the Coins of Europe.
Lindsay on Scottish and Irish Coins.
De Hammer, Mithriaca and Plates.
Numismatic Journal, 2 vols.
Numismatic Chronicle, 18 vols.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R. 8. (16 parts published).

Birds of Australia, by the same, supplementary parts (2 published).

Birds of Asia, by the same (10 parts published).

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species chiefly selected
from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and W. C. Hew-
itson. By W. C. Hewitson. (23 Nos. published.)

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills, in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1
to 9 of illustrations, and part 1 of Letterpress).

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with Illustrations.

Publications of the Palewontographical Society.

Publications of the Ray Society.

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, col. plates (17 parts published).

Crania Britannica, or Delineations and Descriptions of the Skulls of
the Aboriginal and early Inhabitants of the British Islands, by
J. B. Davis, F.S. A., and J. Thurnam, M.D., F. 8. A. (2 Parts
published.)

London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

WORKS PURCHASHED.

Mineralogy, by Tennant and Mitchell.
Rudimentary Treatise on Recent and Fossil Shells, by 8. P. Wood-

ward,

¥orkshire Philosophical Society.

ANNUAL REPORT

FOR

MDCCCLIX.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCLIX.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY, 1860.

YORK’:

H. SOTHERAN, BOOKSELLER, CONEYSTREET.

ed

1860.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM,

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

HON. anp VERY REV. HENRY HOWARD, D. D.
SIR WILLIAM LAWSON, BART., F.S. A.
ROBERT DENISON, ESQ.

REV. WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT, F. RB. S.

PATRONESSES

OF THE

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

PATRONS.

THE. ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F. B.S.
EARL OF CARLISLE, K.G., F. B.S.
LORD FEVERSHAM.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1860.

PRESIDENT :
Tue Ear or Caruistz, K. G., F. RB. S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Tue Ear or ZETLanp.

Wma. Rupsron Reap, F. L. S.
JouHn Purures, F. R. §S.

Rev. W. V. Harcourt, F. R. S.
Cuas. W. STRIcKLAND.
Rev. Witiiam Hey.

Tuomas Attis, F. L. 8.

Rev. Joun Kenrick.

TREASURER :
Wituiam Gray, F. R. A.S., F. G.S.

COUNCIL:

Elected 1858, ...Rev. Isaac SPENCER.
J. P. PrircHert.
S. W. Norru.

Elected 1859, ...THr Hon. & Very Rev. tHe DEAN or York.
Witram Resp, F.G.S.
O. A. Moors.

Elected 1860....F. W. Catvert.
Rosert Denison.
W. D. Hussanp.
Rev. Joun LEEs.
Witiiam Procter.
Rev. Canon Rosinson.

6 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

SECRETARY :
T. S. Nosrz, F. R. A. S.

CURATORS :

GroLtocy AND MINERALOGY .
CoMPARATIVE ANATOMY
British ORNITHOLOGY
InsEcTs AND CRUSTACEA .
ANTIQUARIAN DEPARTMENT .
LIBRARY

Borany

OxssERVATORY & METEOROLOGY,

under the Care of a Committee |

consisting of

WititAM Procter.

Tuomas Aus, F. L. S.

W. Rupsron Reap, F.L. S.

Rey. Witir1AmM Hey.

Rey. Joun Kenrick, F.S. A.

Rey. Tuomas Bayty.

Oswatp ALLEN Moore.

THe Rev. W. V. Harcourt,
bah is. 8

W. Gray, F.R.A.S., F.G.S.

Joun Forp.

Rev. Wituiam Hey.

T. S. Nosrz, F. R. A. S.

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:

Witturam §S. Datuas, F. L. S.

SUBCURATOR OF THE MUSEUM & GARDENS:

Henry BAIngEs.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

Fes. 7, 1860.

In presenting the Members of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society with their Report for the year 1859, the Council regret
that the expenditure of the year has been so heavy as almost
to exhaust the balance in the Treasurer’s hands from the year
1858. They have, nevertheless, the satisfaction to observe that
the apparent diminution of the resources of the Society is not
due to any falling off in its prosperity, but simply to an extra-
ordinary expenditure. At the same time the Council con-
fidently believe, that, when the members are made acquainted
with the objects for which this expense has been incurred, they
will agree that a sound discretion has been exercised in the
outlay, and that, by increasing the attractiveness of the Museum,
it will ultimately tend to the advantage of the Society. The
principal portion of this extraordinary expenditure consists of
the sum of £200, paid to Mr. Wm. Bean, of Scarbro’, for
one third part of his extensive Collection of Fossils, brought
together by the unceasing activity of nearly forty years. In
the month of July last the Council were informed that this
valuable collection, consisting to a great extent of Fossils from
the strata of the Yorkshire Coast, and including numerous
specimens described by Professor Phillips, was offered for sale

8 REPORT OF THE

for the sum of £600. An arrangement was proposed by which
the British Museum would take one half of the collection for
£300,—and two private collectors taking another sixth, the
remainder (one third) was offered to the Society for the sum
above mentioned. ,

The Council being desirous of carrying out the plan of forming
a complete series of Yorkshire fossils, mentioned in their report
for the year 1858, and understanding that Mr. Bean’s collection
contained numerous fine specimens, many of them of extreme
rarity, immediately sent the Keeper of the Museum to Scarbro’,
to inspect the collection and ascertain whether they would be
justified in expending such a sum as £200 in the purchase of
the portion offered to the Society. His report being favour-
able, the Council determined to accept the offer immediately,
especially, as they were informed that, from various causes,
such as the abandonment of quarries or the increasing in-
accessibility of the beds, many of the Yorkshire fossils would
probably be with difficulty obtained unless secured at once.
Mr. Dallas went to Scarbro’ on the Ist of August with Mr.
Woodward, of the British Museum, to effect the division of the
fossils, and as there were in most cases two or more specimens
of each species, the Society obtained for its share representatives
of nearly every form contained in Mr. Bean’s collection. The
unique specimens were divided in proportion to the amount
paid by each purchaser ; and the arrangement made with regard
to the types of species contained in the collection was, that the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society should have all those figured
by Professor Phillips and Messrs. Young and Bird, in their
works on the Geology of Yorkshire, and the British Museum
those described by Messrs. Morris and Lycett, in the Memoirs
of the Paleontographical Society. The total number of speci-
mens obtained is estimated by the Keeper of the Museum at
about 5,000,—-this is a low estimate. The total cost of these
(including travelling expenses, packing, and carriage) amounts
to £217. 8s. 4d.

The other extraordinary expenses incurred during’ the past
year were for purposes of necessity. The beautiful ruins of
Saint Mary’s Abbey, the greatest ornaments of our grounds,

COUNCIL FOR 1859. 9

appeared to be rapidly hastening to decay,—so rapidly, in
fact, that, independently of its being the duty of the Society to
watch with the most jealous care over the preservation of these
interesting monuments of the past, considerable fears were
entertained, that unless something was done to stop the pro-
gress of dilapidation, the ruins might ere long become dangerous
to the visitors to the Gardens. Under these circumstances the
Council requested Mr. G. Fowler Jones to inspect the ruins,
and report upon their condition. That gentleman found that
in many places the mortar had been completely washed out
from between the stones, and that the grass and wall plants
growing in the joints, however advantageous to the picturesque
effect of the ruins, were very injurious to their stability. The
roof of the Hospitium and the end wall of the upper room of
that building, were also stated to be in an unsafe condition,
and Mr. Jones recommended that the necessary repairs should
be executed without loss of time. The work was accordingly
performed under the superintendence of Mr. Jones, and it is
hoped that these interesting objects are now in a condition to
resist the elements for many years to come. The total expense
of these repairs was £41. 16s. 6d.

The attention of the Council having been called to the bad
state of the Carriage way and of the Terrace in front of the
Museum, especially during wet weather, it was resolved in the
course of last summer to put them in a proper state of repair.
It was at first thought that a layer of asphalte applied over
the existing broken surface would have sufficed, but when this
was tried on the terrace, it was found that the inequalities of
the hard surface of the old asphalte were reproduced on the
new surface. It was therefore resolved that the carriage way
should be entirely broken up and relaid, and this has been
satisfactorily effected at an expense of £18.

In accordance with the engagement mentioned in the last
year’s report, Mr. Dew, of the British Museum, visited York
in the month of May, and devoted three weeks principally to
the development of the specimen of Plesiosaurus Zetlandicus,
by clearing away the fragments of the matrix from the fossil,
wherever this was practicable. This was a task requiring the

10 REPORT OF THE

greatest care and judgment for its execution, and Mr. Dew has:
effected it so satisfactorily as to have added far more to the
value of the specimen than the sum of £18, which was paid
to him for his services. It is now one of the most interesting
and valuable fossils in the Museum. Mr. Dew also found time
to operate upon one or two other specimens of Saurian remains
in the collection, one of which, the large Teleosaurus Chap-
mannt, formerly placed in the Vestibule, has been greatly
improved.

In fitting up the new rooms, the Council have necessarily
been somewhat. straitened by the feeling that they were incur-
ring a heavy responsibility in exceeding the amount subscribed
to the “ Museum Enlargement Fund.” They nevertheless.
considered it to be their duty to push forward the work, feeling
convinced that nothing can tend so much to the welfare of the
Society, as a proper degree of activity in promoting the objects
for which it exists. With this view they proceeded early in
the year 1859 to fit up the new room at the end of the Osteolo-
gical room, for the reception of Mr. Rudston Read’s valuable
collection of British Birds, which during the spring was moved
into its new position by Mr. D. Graham. Here the birds are
better displayed than in the apartment formerly devoted to
them; and the change has this further advantage, that one of
the greatest ornaments of the Museum is placed in an appro-
priate and prominent position. A large glass case which
occupies one corner of the room will serve for the reception of
most, if not the whole, of the British Mammalia, and as the
Council are most anxious to fill up this void in the collections,
they earnestly beg any of the members who may have the
opportunity, to assist them in procuring specimens, especially
of the smaller British Quadrupeds. The collections of British
Echinodermata and Crustacea, which are very imperfect, have
been placed in one of the table cases in this room. They will
eventually be transferred to the gallery cases, where they will
be accompanied by collections of other groups of invertebrate
animals, when the table cases will be vacant to receive the
collection of British shells. Wall-cases in the gallery will be
occupied by specimens of British Reptiles and Fishes, and thus

COUNCIL FoR 1859. ll

the whole series of native animals will be brought together in
one room. ;

In the middle room, the Council have only fitted up the long
central case, in which the Plestosaurus Zetlandicus now reposes,
together with the remains of several other Reptiles from the
Lias of Yorkshire. The remainder of the Liassic Saurian fossils
will also be placed in this case.

The third room, which is intended to contain the collection
of Yorkshire fossils, has been fitted up for this purpose with
cases similar in plan to those in the old Geological room, and
with gallery-cases like those in the British Bird room. The
Keeper of the Museum has already placed a considerable
number of specimens in the cases, and the work will be con-
tinued until the whole collection is arranged. When this is
accomplished the Council believe that there will be no finer
local Geological collection to be seen anywhere. At the same
time care will be taken to represent the Yorkshire strata in the
general Geological collection, by means of limited series of
typical or characteristic species. The numerous specimens of
fossils from strata occurring in other parts of England and on
the continent of Europe, obtained from Mr. Bean, will serve
to fill up many spaces in the general collection, and assist
greatly in rendering it more uniform and complete. The
Keeper of the Museum hopes to have the whole of the fossils
grouped in the cases in the course of the next three months,
when the entire suite of the new rooms will be opened to the
public.

The tradesmen’s accounts for work done up to the present
date, in fitting up the interior of the new rooms, amount in all
to £574, The balance of the “ Museum Enlargement Fund” to
meet this will only be £121 when all outstanding subscriptions
are received, so that the liabilities of the Society on account of
the new rooms are at present £453. The additional work
required for the completion of the third room, consists in the
making of a table case for the centre of the room and the
painting of the wood work, &c. As it is exceedingly desirable
not to burden the Society with any addition to its debts, and
as these expenses can only be defrayed slowly out of the ordinary

12 REPORT OF THE

income, the Council earnestly solicit contributions from those
who have not already subscribed to the Museum Enlargement
Fund.

It will be in the recollection of the members that, at the last
annual meeting of the Society, a subscription was proposed for
the purpose of erecting some permanent memorial of the esteem
and respect entertained for the late Rev. Charles Wellbeloved.
A considerable sum having been collected for this purpose,
from members of the Society and other friends, the Committee
appointed to carry out the wishes of the subscribers obtained
a copy of the only existing portrait of Mr. Wellbeloved, and
presented this, with a marble commemorative tablet, to the
Society, recommending that the former should be suspended in
the Vestibule of the Museum, and the latter fixed in a promin-
ent position in the Hospitium. Both these recommendations
have been carried out.

The principal additions to the Liprary during the past year,
have consisted of Mc. Lauchlan’s great work on the Roman
Remains in the North of England, presented by His Grace the
Duke of Northumberland, and “ Facsimiles of Select Egyptian.
Papyri, in the Collection of the British Museum,” presented
by the Trustees of that Institution. The Committee of the
“Wellbeloved Memorial Fund” have also presented to the
Library two important works purchased by them at the sale of
the late Mr. Wellbeloved’s Library, with the surplus of the fund
at their disposal. These are Mr. Wellbeloved’s copies of Drake’s
* Eboracum,” and Horsley’s “ Britannia Romana,” both en-
riched with MS. notes and additional plates by their late owner.
This circumstance, and the fact of their having belonged to
one who for so many years took the most active interest in this
Society, must render these volumes very interesting additions
to its Library. Two other volumes from the same source have
also been presented, namely, Eckhel’s “ Numi Anecdoti,” and
Vulpes’ “ Strumenti Chirurgici,” the latter especially valuable
as serving to elucidate the examples of Roman surgical instru-
ments, contained in the Museum. For these books the Society
is indebted to Mr. Wellbeloved’s successor as Curator of Anti-
quities, the Rev. John Kenrick.

COUNCIL FoR 1859. 13

The Curator of Anriquitizs reports, that the principal
additions made to his Department in the present year, have
been the result of excavations carried on at the Mount, which
has in past times yielded so many objects of the sepulchral
class to the Museum. In an excavation at the corner of Hol-
gate Lane, a fictile urn was discovered, of a character almost
unique, having the shape of a human head, with the counte-
nance distinctly expressed. In digging for the foundation of a
house on the Driffield estate at the Mount, a sarcophagus was
found, bearing the name of A%lia Severa and dedicated to her
manes by her husband. It was covered by an incised slab,
dedicated by Ceresius, a soldier of the Sixth Conquering
Legion, to the manes of his wife, Flavia Augustina, and two
children who died in their infancy. The upper part of the
stone represents the parents and their children. The sarcopha-
gus contained the remains of a body which had been enclosed
in liquid plaster, a mode of interment very common in Roman
York, but rare elsewhere. Near the same place another sarco-
phagus was found, containing a similar interment, but without
any inscription. All these antiquities have been given to the
Museum, and the names of the donors will be found in the
lists appended to the Report.

From Dr. Smart, of Northiam, have been received several
specimens of what has been called Kimmeridge Coal Money,
but is really the refuse of the pieces of this material which had
been worked by the lathe into bracelets and other ornaments,
in the Roman times. The cabinet of coins has received the
accession of some silver denarii, among which is one of the
family Memmia, and an Attic tetradrachm, bearing the names
of Diocles and Medeius.

The only addition to the collection of M1nErats has consist-
ed of a case of specimens presented by the Rev. Danson Rich-
ardson Roundell, to whom the Society was already indebted
for the magnificent Ichthyosaurus exhibited in the new room.
The collection sent by Mr. Roundell included none that call
for special notice.

Besides the important series of fossils purchased from Mr,
Bean and already referred to, the Gzotoaicat collection has

14. REPORT OF THE

been enriched by numerous specimens principally from the
gault and chalk of the South of England, presented by Wm.
Reed, Esq., and also by a series of fossils from the red chalk of
Speeton, presented by Mr. E. Tindall, of Bridlington. The
latter were of particular importance, as the Society’s collection
was previously almost destitute of fossils from the red chalk.
The collection of Minerals presented by Mr. Roundell was
accompanied by a few fossils, chiefly from the oolites of the
South of England.

The Curator of Enromoxoey reports, that the Entomological
collections are on the whole in good condition, though requir-
ing more time for their re-arrangement than it has yet been
found practicable to bestow upon them. No additions of im-
portance have been made during the past year.

The report of the Curator of Borany states, that the only
addition to the collections under his charge is the valuable Bri-
tish Herbarium of the late Mr. Samuel Hailstone, a deservedly
renowned Yorkshire Botanist. In presenting it to the Society,
his family expressed a wish that it should be kept separate
under the name of the “ Hailstone Herbarium.” It is arranged
according to the Linnean system; the Society’s Botanical col-
lection, including the combined Herbaria of Middleton and
Dalton, has been arranged in accordance with the Natural sys-
tem of De Candolle. The Hailstone Herbarium, besides being
a good general collection, is peculiarly rich in the genera Rosa
and Rubus, to which it is well known that Mr. Hailstone paid
great attention. The Curator proposes, when suitable arrange-
ments can be made for that purpose, to render this Herbarium
available as far as possible for the use of the members.

The Curator of Merzorotocicat InsrRuMENTS has furnished
a table containing the results of observations made in 1859, from
which it appears that the rain-fall has again been below an
average by 2°9 inches. The temperature also has been below a
mean of 20 years by 1° of Fahrenheit’s thermometer, but pre-
cisely the same as that of 1858, namely, 466° F. The range
of the barometer has been extraordinary. In November the
mercurial column rose as high as 30°718, and fell in the same
month as low as 28°464, a difference of 2} inches. ‘The tem-

ve

ee ee eK

COUNCIL FoR 1859. 15

perature of July and August was slightly above a mean, with
an amount of rain below an average quantity. A splendid
harvest was a coincident event.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, YORK, 1859.

Jan. | 30-688) 29-140) 29-960]| 1:07 | 12 || 42-8) 33-2) 38-0) 52-5) 24-5)) 13

Feb. | 30°626| 29-196) 29°793]| 1°04 | 11 || 48°7/ 33-4) 38-6) 53°0/ 26-5) 13

BAROMETER. RAIN. || THERMOMETER. ||5 3
iba | ge

, THAME
3 | mae El t|¢[e3|4
PIS|EUa (EPR PIEE IE
ey elala za | &

Ww.

Ww.

Ww

Mar. | 30°396) 28-982) 29°762/| 1°58 | 11 || 48°7| 37-5) 43-1) 55-5) 24°0)) 9

.

April | 30-260} 29-136| 29-690|| 2°37 | 18 || 48-7/ 36-0] 42-4) 73-0/ 25-0|| 10 || E.
May | 30:358| 29°772| 29-954|| 0-36 | 3 || 59-4] 40-3] 49-9/ 73-0| 28-5|| 2 || E.
June | 30°154| 29-696) 29-870] 2:47 | 14 || 63°7| 49:2] 56-5| 74-0| 42°0|| — || E.
July | 30-361) 29-940] 30-006|| 2°37 | 7 || 68-4] 64:0] 61-2| 82-0] 47-0|| — || W.
Aug. | 30-340) 29-394] 29:837|| 2:59 | 8 || 67-4| 52-6| 600] 78-0| 41-0], — || W.
Sept. | 30-320) 29-350) 29-813] 2°15 | 18 || 59-1] 45-2| 52-2) 69°0| 35-0 — || S.
Oct. | 30-098| 28-912| 29°603]] 2-08 | 11 || 51:8) 40°2| 46-0] 68-0) 19-0) 11 || E.
Nov. | 30718) 28-464] 29-828] 1-59 | 14 || 42'8| 35:6) 39-2) 52'5| 19-6) 17 || E.
Dec. | 30°798| 28-853] 29°411|| 1-70 | 11 || 36-1] 28-2} 32-1] 49°5| 6-5|| 26 || S.E.

30-798 28-464) 29°794|| 21-37 |138 || 52-7| 40-5] 46-6) 82-0 6:5] 101

Returns of the Rain-fall in several localities have been kindly
furnished by correspondents. ‘They are printed in the follow-
ing table.

16 REPORT OF THE

RAIN-FALL, 1859.

g = g
gobo ob gel alBelede pugs} ce
S/e1e/ 2/4) 8 )812

Ss a is < w #8 5

isa
‘Jan. | 1:07 | 1-20] 1:14 | 1-26 | 0-49 | 1-60 | 4-23 | 4-56

Feb. | 1:04 | 1:50 | 1:14 | 1:87] 0-98 | 1:96] 2:81 | 3:75
Mar. | 1°58 | 1°64 | 1°69] 1°63] 1:76] 3:51] 662 | 4°81
April | 2:37 | 2°00 | 2:34 | 1:85 | 3:28 | 4:82] 253 | 3-46
‘| May | 0:36 | 0°25 | 0:15 | 0-37 | 0°70 | 0°33 | 0-00 | 0-84
June | 2°47 | 1:96 | 2:27} 1:88] 2:18] 3:38 | 2:18 | 2°76
July | 2°37 | 2:00 | 2-44 | 2:12] 1:61] 1:49] 2°06 | 2-49
Aug. | 2°59 | 4:53 | 327 | 4:38 | 4:35 | 6-09 | 4:22] 6°72
Sept. | 2°15 | 3-45 | 3:34 | 4:00 | 2:28 | 3:17] 5:06 | 7-01
Oct. | 2°08 | 2:20 | 2°09 | 2°00 | 2:17] 4:25} 3-00 | 4-78
Noy. | 1:39 | 1:95 | 1:93 | 2:25] 1:79 | 3:15] 4-71 | 3-54
Dec. | 1:70 | 2°40 | 2:40 | 2°85] 1:87] 3:09] 3-29 | 3:39

21°37 | 25:08 | 24:20 | 26°45 | 23°46 | 36°74 | 40°71 | 48°10

The Lecrurezs delivered in the Theatre of the Museum in
the year 1859, have been scarcely so numerous as in the preced-
ing year. Early in the year the Council engaged Mr. Gosse
to deliver two lectures “ On Examples of Divine Contrivance
in the Structure of the Lower Animals.” Mr. Procter delivered
two lectures “On the Natural History and Mineralogy of
Precious Stones,” and the Rev. John Lees two “ On William
of Wykeham.” Mr. Greenhow also gave an account of his
personal experience at the Siege of Lucknow ; and Mr. Davies
his fourth “ Antiquarian Walk through York.” In the autumn
and winter session, the Society has been indebted to the Rev.
Thomas Myers, for three lectures “On Mental and Moral
Science ;” to Mr. Procter, for one “ On Induced Electricity ;”
and to Capt. O’Brien, ‘for an account of the “ Currents of the
Ocean.” Abstracts of the papers read at the Monthly Meetings
of the Society are appended to this Report.

ry

COUNCIL FoR 1859. 17

The Council must now return to the consideration of the
financial position of the Society. The income, as will be seen
from the account for the year, is still in a flourishing state,
being nearly £23 more than that of last year. At the same
time the general expenses of the Society have been low, so that,
but for the extraordinary outlay mentioned at the commence-
ment of this Report there would have been an excess of income
over expenditure of £206. The extraordinary expenditure of
a sum amounting in all to £330, however, threw a balance of
£124 to the debtor side of the account, but as the balance at
the credit of the Society at the close of the year 1858 was
£137, there is still a balance of £13 in the Treasurer’s hands.

The number of members elected since the last annual Meet-
ing is sixteen, and the loss of members by death and resigna-
tion has also been sixteen; but as the widows of five deceased
members have continued their subscriptions, and one of them
had compounded, there is an actual increase of six subscribing
members in the year. Of Lady subscribers six have resigned,
whilst only three have been admitted ; but on the other hand
only two associates have withdrawn, and the number elected
has been six. The amount taken at the Gate during the past
year exceeded that taken in 1858, but the receipts at the
Swimming Bath have slightly fallen off.

The Council regret to have to announce that they have re-
ceived from Mr. Kenrick an intimation that circumstances will
prevent his retaining the office of Honorary Secretary, which
he has now held with great benefit to the Society for five
years. The Council feel it unnecessary to dwell upon the high
qualifications possessed by Mr. Kenrick, or the zeal which he
has displayed in the discharge of the duties of his office. The
Council, in proposing him as one of the Vice-Presidents, desire
at once to mark their sense of the value of his services, and to
secure for the Society the continued benefit of his advice and
assistance. As, however, the circumstances under which it
was considered necessary to have two Honorary Secretaries no
longer exist, and as Mr. Noble, who is constantly resident in
the immediate vicinity of the Museum, has expressed his

willingness to undertake the whole of the Secretarial duties,
B

18 REPORT OF THE

with the assistance of the Keeper of the Museum, the Council
have not. thought it requisite to propose a successor to Mr.
Kenrick.

The Honorary Members proposed by the Council for election
at this Meeting are, Mr. John Hope Shaw, of Leeds, and Mr.
S. P. Woodward, of the British Museum. The former gentle-
man is one of the leading members of the Leeds Philosophical
Society, and has taken the greatest interest in the proposed
plan for the co-operation of all the Philosophical Societies of
Yorkshire, of which he is in fact the originator. Mr. Wood-
ward’s high position as a Zoologist and Paleontologist, and
the interest which he takes in the welfare of this Museum,
render his enrolment in the list of Honorary Members particu-
larly desirable. Of Foreign Honorary Members, the Council
also propose two, namely, Mr. J. D. Dana, the celebrated
American Mineralogist and Zoologist, and M. Boucher de
Perthes, of Abbeville, who has enriched our Library with
several important works, and whose researches into the early
history of mankind have lately attracted so much attention.

Amongst the losses which the Society has sustained during
the past year, there are some to which the Council cannot
avoid alluding more particularly. The late Lord Londesborough
had been for many years a member of the Society, and had
contributed with his accustomed liberality to its funds. The
Library also is indebted to him for several valuable Antiquarian
works, especially the beautiful illustrations of his own collec-
tion of Antiquities, contained in the ‘ Miscellanea Graphica.”
Lord Londesborough was one of the Vice-Presidents of the
Society at the time of his death. The death of Earl de Grey
diminishes the list of the contributors to the original Building
Fund and also that of the Society’s Trustees. The Society was
likewise indebted to his lordship for the liberality with which
he gave up his interest in the land granted to the Society by
the Crown, and for a liberal contribution to the Museum
Enlargement Fund. Of the Honorary Members the Society
has to regret the loss of Sir Thomas Macdougal Brisbane,
Bart., who died on the 28th January, in the present year. Sir
Thomas entered the army in 1789, when only sixteen years of

COUNCIL FoR 1859. 19

age, and served for many years with great distinction. During
the latter part of his military career he paid much attention to
Astronomy, which he continued to study with much zeal and
success to the close of his long life ; his position as Governor
of New South Wales enabled him to found the Observatory at
Paramatta, from which most important results have been
obtained ; and on his return to this country, he established a
magnificent Observatory at Makerstoun, near Kelso, where
astronomical and magnetical observations of the highest value
have been carried on for many years. Our Library contains
several volumes of Observations made at this Observatory, and
presented by Sir Thomas Brisbane.

The list of Foreign Honorary Members of this, as of many
other Societies, has, during the year 1859, sustained the loss of
one of its brightest ornaments, in the name of Alexander Von
Humboldt. The Council feel it to be unnecessary to pronounce
any eulogium upon this illustrious philosopher, whose labours,
extending to the very close of a life of 90 years, have been
subservient to the progress of almost every branch of science.
His wonderful work, entitled “‘ Cosmos,” contains a physical
description of the Universe, which must astonish every one by
the extraordinary grasp of mind which it exhibits.

Five members of Council, Mr. Davies, Mr. Ford, Rev. Henry
Short, Mr. Edward Swaine, and Mr. George Wilson, retire by
rotation, and as Mr. Noble was also a member of Council pre-
vious to his undertaking the duties of Secretary, there are in
all six new members to be elected. The Council propose the
Earl of Zetland as a Vice-President in the room of the late
Lord Londesborough.

B2

THE

TREASURER OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
IN ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1869.

Or. RECEIPTS.
1859. £. 8
Annual Subscriptions and Arrears 651 14
Admission of New Members ......
Ladies’ Subscriptions
Associates Peewee Kress enseeeseseees
Keys of the Gates
ROMs os cep e's eie
Money received at the Gates ......
Swimming Bath (Gruss) .....
Sale of Guide to Antiquities
» Catalogue of Library ......
Temporary Subscriber .....+......
Use Of Tent! vuceccedeeebes

se rceensseoessoe

ee
_
econow~racccoc oe

caledeseeeoctense 1296'3 3
124 3 2

Total Income......
Excess of Expenditure......s.eeee

£1420 6 5

Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company .e.....---£1900 0 0
Five Members at £50
CACh ..ccccece 250 0 0
2150 0 0
Balance in Treasurer's
hands 3lst Dec., 1859 13 210

£2136 17. 2

EXPENDITURE.
1859.
Crown Renti(.....cccecee 10) 0
Rent to Corporation .... 5313 0
Rates and Taxes ........ 7 210
Insurance & Water Rent 18 7 2

Salaries and Wages:

Keeper of the Museum 200
Sub-Curator .......... 1
BOMANG wsisw cde ceeiaa'e

Lodge Keeper ........

Attendant (Museum) .. 3!
Collector i iis ced OY
Labourers ....:....+..,154 7
Attendant (Hospitium) 8 14
C. Wakefield .......... 6 0

eooooooeo

Interest on Debt to Insurance Com-
pany, to 31st Dec., 1859 ......00..
Museum Gardens, &c.:
General Repairs, &¢. ....eseseeee
Purchase and Preparation of Speci-
mens :
Bean's Fossils and pack-
ING sf cowcharicscocsne de: 200 89 5%
18 1 0
3416 2
013 2
Library, Books, &0..6.e.secessesece
Swimming Bath:
Keeper's Salary........
Wator Rent ......0c06
Repairs and Incidental
Expenses

Dew for Plesiosaurus..
Graham removing birds
Sundries .554ce as cnvioe

30 0 0
30 0 0

1012 1

eeeeetsces

Miscellaneous Expenses :
Printing, Advertising,
Stationery, &c. ......
Coals and Gas ........
Repairs of Abbey......
Asphalting Walk ......
Expenses of Band .... 1513
Lectures 17 11
Observatory 5 5
me » Aquarium 1 0
Postage, &c. 8 11

25 15
69 6
36 11
18 0

RWoOReE OCORG

ee eereceees

Yer Aa

Dr.

2. aid,

80 3 0

,

554 3 0
733 3 0

149. 7 5

—]
= 2

7012 1

197 14 2

£1420 6 5

Permanent Debt:
Yorkshire Insurance
Company ..........£1900 0 0
Due to Five Members
at £50 each.......... 250 0 0

2150 0 0
Due from Treasurer Jan.,
IBOP GU ies de vosdcces A076 0

Excess of Expenditure, 1859 ......

2012 14 0
14 3 2

£2136 17 2

Feb. 4th, 1860, Audited by us,—-EDWARD SWAINE.

8. W. NORTH.

21

MEMBERS
ELECTED SINCE FEB., 1859.

1859.

William Brady, Heworth.

W. H. Dale, Coney Street.

W. Ellis, Skeldergate.

Miss Gilbert, St. Mary's.

Mrs. Graham, St. Mary’s.
Thomas Hodgson, 25, Stonegate.
R. W. Hollon, St. Mary’s.
Edward Houlden, St. Sampson’s Square.
John Pierson, 75, Mickleyate.
Thomas Simpson, 34, Gillygate.
George Spurr, King’s Square.
Mrs. Taylor, 1, Bootham.

Miss Wilson, Fulford.

1860.

Rev. Ishmael Fish, Castle Howard.
C. Halley, High Ousegate.
William Wrightson, Peckitt Street.

ASSOCIATES.

1859.

Thos. Brady, Low Ousegate.
W. H. Dykes, 40, Blossom Street.
T. N. Fowler, Spurriergate.
Frederick Needham, York.

1860.

C. Roberts, New Street, York.
H. T. Whitling, York County Hospital.

LADY SUBSCRIBERS
ADMITTED 1859.
Miss E. Clayton, New Walk Terrace.
Miss Miller, Minster Yard.
Mrs. T. Starkey, Tang Hall, Heworth.
1860.

Miss Bebb, 24, Bootham.
Mrs. Jackson, Coney Street.

22

LECTURES

DELIVERED DURING THE YEAR 1859.

Jan. 12.—On Lucknow; by H. Greennow, Esq.

Jan. 22 and Frs. 2.—On William of Wykeham; by the Rev.
Joun Legs.

Fes. 10 and 17.—On Examples of Divine Contrivance in the
Structure of the Lower Animals; by P. H. Gossz, Esq., F. R.S.

Marca 2.—An Antiquarian Walk through York ; by R. Davizs,
Esq., F. S. A.

Marcu 16 and 23.—On the Natural History and Mineralogy of
Precious Stones; by W. Procter, Esq.

Ocr. 12.—On Induced Electricity ; by W. Procrsr, Esq.

Oct. 26, and Nov. 9 and 23.—On Mental and Moral Science ; by
the Rev. Tos. Myers.

Dec. 7.—On the Currents of the Ocean ; by Carr. O’Brien.

23

COMMUNICATIONS

TO THE

MONTHLY MEETINGS,
1859.

Marcu 1.—The Rey. Joun Kenrick read a paper “ On a Coin
of Mariniana” presented by T. S. Noble, Esq. Mr. Kenrick remarked
that the imperial personage whose image appears on this coin, is
absolutely unknown to History. Vaillant invented a pleasing romance,
that she was the wife of the unfortunate Emperor Valerian, who was
taken prisoner by Sapor, King of Persia, and that having died in
captivity, her son Valerian II. honoured her memory by striking this
coin. But this romance, like many others, has been destroyed by the
merciless hand of the chronologer. From a date on one of the medals,
it appears that she must have died six years before Valerian’s Persian
expedition. As Valerian was twice married, and his sons, Gallienus
and Valerian, were only half-brothers, it is probable that she was his
second wife.

The coin forming the subject of this communication is of debased
silver, and of rude execution ; the form of the letters is unclassical.
These characteristics suit the age in which it was produced. The
days were evil. The succession to the imperial throne was the subject
of perpetual wars; the barbarians from time to time ravaged the
provinces, and a pestilence, which began in a. p. 252, visited, in the
course of fifteen years, every part of the ancient world.

Mr. W. 8. Datuas read a paper “ On Foraminifera,” with especial
reference to a small collection of fossils belonging to this group,
presented by Mr. E. W. Dallas. He stated that his principal object
was to call the attention of those members of the Society who were
attached to the study of Natural History, to a most interesting class
of objects. After describing some of the forms assumed by the minute
but beautiful chambered shells formed by the animals of this group,
Mr. Dallas indicated the different views which had been entertained

24

by Zoologists as to their place in the Animal Kingdom, and showed
that although they had been regarded by Cuvier, Lamarck, D’Orbigny
and others, as Mollusca allied to the highly organised Nautili and
Cuttle Fish, the researches of Dujardin and subsequent naturalists
abundantly proved that their place was far lower in the system, their
nearest allies being the Infusorial Animalcules. After referring to
the beauty and complexity of structure of the shells, contrasted with
extreme simplicity of organisation of the animals, the paper called
attention to the abundance of the Foraminifera in our present seas,
and to their existence in still greater profusion in some geological
periods, — many beds of rock of great thickness being almost entirely
built up of their remains.

Apri 5—The Rev. Joan Kenrick read the first part of a paper
by the late Rev. Charles Wellbeloved, ‘On the Information respect-
ing the state of York, during the 14th and 15th centuries, derived
from Wills in the York Registry.” It consisted of a series of notes
with commentaries, made from the “ Testamenta Eboracensia,” pub-
lished by the Rev. James Raine. The Wills of the Plantagenet,
Tudor and Stuart reigns are for the most part written in Latin.
Some are in English, and a few in French; sometimes a part is written
in Latin and a part in English, or a codicil or inventory in English
is added to a Latin Will. Even in those written in Latin, English
terms frequently occur, sometimes very oddly intermingled. The
wills appear to have been made by professional persons,—the proctors,
the parish priest, or some ove who obtained his living by writing.
In the year 1391, William de Kyrkby of York, describes himself as
scriptor ; that he is a layman is evident, as he directs that he be
buried near his wife in St. Elen’s Church, and leaves his property to
his two daughters. In the same year, Ellen, the wife of Marmaduke
Thweng, of Cornborough, made a nuncupative will, because no writer
was at hand. Of these nuncupative wills, two affecting examples
occur. In 1346, before joining the forces mustering to oppose David
of Scotland, who had advanced as far as Durham, Sir William de
Crathorne went into his parish church to declare his will, in the event
of his falling in the field. From this expedition he never returned,
and his widow afterwards appeared before the Commissary of the
Archbishop, at Cawood, and was admitted to prove her husband's
will, by the production of witnesses who deposed that they were
present in the church when he made it. The other instance is that of
Sir Ralph Newmarche, of Whatton, who made his nuncupative will at

25

Shrewsbury, in 1403, the day after the battle, and probably when in
the agonies of death from wounds received on that celebrated field.

Most of the wills contain a bequest “ad fabricam Ecclesiw B.
Petri.” It cannot be inferred from these words that the rebuilding or
repairing of the Church was going on at that time. But the completion
of the Chapter House and the Nave was then proceeding, and in some
instances this clearly appears from the bequests. These are not
always in money, but books, wearing apparel, and other property are
left to be sold, and the produce added to the bequest. Thus, Thomas
de Austan, one of the Vicars Choral of York, leaves to the fabric
three of his largest stills, for the distillery of aqua vite, and waters
of flowers and herbs ; John Awstyn, a carpenter of York, leaves to
the new work of the Cathedral all his brass pullies; and Joanna
Skargill bequeaths for the same purpose her scarlet gown. William
Barker, of Tadcaster, leaves to the fabric at York a boat-load of
stone from the quarry of Thevesdale, near Tadcaster, granted by the
Vavasour family. W. Gowsell, husbandman, of Heworth, leaves one
horse, probably to be employed at the Cathedral. In the year 1409,
William Cawode, Canon of York and Ripon, an eminent lawyer and
diplomatist, bequeaths his whole library to be sold, the produce to be
applied to ornamenting the high altar with a screen. There are other
legacies relating to works in the interior of the Minster—the erection
or adorning of the altar, the founding of chrntries, the offerings at
shrines, and the decorations of sacred images. In 1349, Archbishop
William de la Zouch left a sum of money for the ordaining of a
perpetual charity for his own soul, at which two chaplains were to
serve for ever in honour of God, the blessed Mary, and all Saints,
especially Mary Magdalene and St. Martha.

The shrine, or bier of Saint William, which was of silver splendidly
adorned with gilding and jewels, was the object of frequent bequests.
To this shrine several persons left rings set with stones, and a chaplet
of gold set with pearls and emeralds, with a sapphire in the middle,
and a diamond above it. In 1444, Thomas Karr, citizen and draper,
bequeathed money to purchase a gold chain for the neck of the Virgin
Mary, another for that of the infant in her arms, and a gold ring to
be placed about the neck of the image of the Virgin. Costly articles
of gold and silver and jewels are specially bequeathed for the use of
the High Altar. Books are the last class of bequests noticed in this
part of the paper. One of the most remarkable of these is that of
John Dawtre, who leaves to his godfather, Wm. Langton, the use
during life of a certain book which the blessed Richard le Scrop had

26

and carried in his bosom at the time of his being beheaded ; beseeching
him that he would order that after his death it should be chained near
the place where the body of Richard le Scrop had been buried, there
to remain. The Archbishop had been much beloved in his diocese,
and after his death the people of Yorkshire, who were hostile to the
House of Lancaster, resorted to his tomb and made large offerings
which were appropriated to the completion of the Choir.

May 3.—Tue Rey. Joun Kenrick read the conclusion of the late
Rey. C. Wellbeloved’s paper on the Testamenta Eboracensia, relating
partly to the bequests of books and the illustrations which they afford
of the state of literature in the Middle Ages. The bequest of John
de Newton, treasurer of the Church in 1414, to the Minster Library
comprehends Bibles and portions of Bibles, with Concordances and
Glosses, works of St. Augustine, St. Gregory, St. Bernard, several
Tracts of Alcuin, works of St. Chysostom and St. Thomas Aquinas.
To these are joined several English Authors, as Beda de Gestis
Anglorum, Alfred of Beverley, John Hoveden, Richard the Hermit
of Hampole, Sir Walter de Hilton, and William Ryvington ;
William de Malmsbury, and Petrarca de Remediis utriusque fortuna.
These wills also contain numerous bequests of books to private
individuals. These comprehend a great variety of subjects. Theology
and law hold a chief place; but history, poetry, and romance have
also their share. Books of science are the most rare. There does not
appear a single Greek classic, and only one Roman. Of the early
writers of our own country we find mentioned Piers Plowman,
Gower, Richard of Hampole, and the celebrated traveller Sir John
Mandeville. A copy of a miracle-play is bequeathed to the Fraternity
of Corpus Christi, and a book de S. Jacobo Apostolo to the Gild of
St. Christopher.

The bequests to the Abbey of St. Mary are not numerous; for it
did not stand in high favour with the citizens, and disputes, sometimes
accompanied with outrageous violence, frequently occurred. One
bequest deserves particular notice. John Carlele leaves in 1309 some
articles to the Abbot, 40s. to the Convent ad potum, and 20s. to the
fabric of the bell tower, which was therefore probably still in course
of erection 120 years after the foundation stone of the church had
been laid by Simon de Warwick. The Hospital of St. Leonard is
also mentioned in the Testamenta, and in the will of Richard Russell,
an opulent merchant of York in 1435, there is a bequest for the relief
of the poor who nightly lodged in the infirmary. Other Hospitals in

27

the city are also the subject of bequests, as well as the lepers in the
lazar houses and the prisoners in the Castle, on Ouse-bridge, and in
the prisons of the Archbishop and St. Peter. Numerous bequests also
occur to the 52 parish churches which York contained before the
Reformation and to the four mendicant orders. Of these the Domini-
cans. were established where the Railway Station now stands; the
Carmelites between Stonebow Lane and the Foss; the Franciscans
between the Ouse and Castlegate; the Augustinians between the
Guildhall and St. Leonard’s landing. Almost every page of the
Testamenta shows the popularity of these orders, and that not only
with the commonalty, for persons of rank and opulence express in
their wills a desire to be buried in their churches. Mr. Wellbeloved
has also collected various notices of the Anchorites or Ankers, in
Latin reclusi or recluse, men and women who lived a perfectly
secluded life, either in some part of a church so contrived that Divine
Service might be seen, or in some small building or oratory attached
to the church. In some cases the seclusion was so strict that a lock
was placed upon the cell, and even the entrance closed with masonry.
All the Anchorites mentioned in the Testamenta were females. There
are also bequests to Gilds and Crafts, and others having reference to
pilgrimages, either to the Holy Land or to shrines within the island.
In the later wills there are traces of the existence of heretical opinions
among the contemporaries of the testators, as they make the unusual
declaration that they die in the Catholic faith. In 1428 John Pigott,
Esq., of York, leaves ten marks for sustaining the war against the
heretics in Bohemia.

Oct. 4.—Tuz Rey. J. Kenrick read some remarks on specimens
of the so called Kimmeridge Coal Money, presented by Dr. Smart, of
Northiam. The stratum from which they are derived is composed
of a bituminous shale, of which an extensive bed exists on the Dorset-
shire coast, used by the lower classes as a substitute for pit coal. The
specimens, however, to which the name of coal money has been given,
are found only in a limited locality in the Isle of Purbeck. They
consist of flat circular pieces with bevelled and moulded edges from
14 inch to.24 inches in diameter, and from } to § of an inch in thickness.
They have on one side a small pivot hole and on the other a square
hole or two or three round holes, and they are now generally admitted
by antiquaries to be the nuclei or circular waste pieces which were
left. and thrown aside in the process of turning by the lathe. The
Kimmeridge coal appears to haye supplied to the Romano-British

28

inhabitants of the Southern coast the place of jet, which is so abundant
in Yorkshire, as a material for the manufacture of bracelets, beads,
and similar ornaments. Such ornaments have been found in Romano-
British sepulchres, but never in those of the primitive inhabitants of
Britain. The Isle of Purbeck was the principal seat of this manufac-
ture, and the “coal money” is found there in connexion with Samian
and other pottery.

Mr. Kenrick also made some remarks on a denarius, presented by
Mr. Noble, bearing on one side the head of Ceres and the legend
C. MEMMI c. F. (Caii Filius), and on the other side a captive beneath
a trophy and c. MEMMIUS IMPERATOR. It is uncertain to what mem-
ber of the Memmian family or to what event the coin refers. The
Memmius mentioned in the opening of the poem of Lucretius was
Caius, and the Memmius of this coin may have been his son ; but
there is no record in history of the battle to which the trophy and the
title Imperator refer. One of the Memmian family is said to have
introduced the Cereal games at Rome, whence the head of Ceres
appears on their coins.

Nov. 1.—Tue Rev. J. Kenrick exhibited a collection of flint
implements, from the beds of drift gravel in the valley of the Somme,
near Abbeville, and gave an account of the researches of M. Boucher
de Perthes and of Messrs. Evans and Prestwich connected with this
subject. The implements in question bear unequivocal marks of having
been fashioned by the hand of man, and they have been found in beds
which geologists call diluvial ; hence the conclusion has been drawn,
that the existence of man upon the earth is to be referred to an earlier
period of its geological history than had been previously supposed.
And as the remains of mammalia of extinct species, such as the
elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus and stag, have been found in
juxtaposition with these implements, the further inference has been
deduced that man must have been contemporaneous with these extinct
species.

Since attention was directed to this subject, evidence confirmatory
of M. Boucher de Perthes’ discoveries has come to light in England.
Flint weapons, similar to those found at Abbeville, and connected
with mammalian remains of extinct species, have been found at Hoxne,
in Suffolk, by Mr. Evans and Mr. Prestwich, in undisturbed beds of
diluvial gravel, lying above the boulder clay. The existence of flint
implements in caves, e.g. at Brixham, along with the bones of animals
now extinct; and of a coarse pottery united with such remains in

29

the valley of the Aire near Leeds, points also to the conclusion, that
the tribes by whom the flints and the pottery were used, lived upon
the earth, while it was still tenanted by species which have since
perished,

Dec. 6.—Tuer Rev. J. Kenrick gave an account of some Roman
antiquities recently discovered at the Mount. At the depth of 2 ft.
6 in. below the surface, a slab 6 ft. 10 in. long was found, having four
incised figures and an inscription in six lines. Being removed it was
found to cover a sarcophagus, in which was a body which had been
imbedded in liquid plaster. The incised stone which had been appro-
priated as the cover was not long enough to cover it and another
channelled stone had been used to lengthen it. The inscription on the
sarcophagus is much decayed, but it imports that it was dedicated to
the Manes of #lia Severa by her husband. From the form of the
letters, which have been filled up with red paint, the sarcophagus
appears to be considerably older than the slab which covers it, and
probably the sarcophagus as well as the slab has been borrowed for a
later interment. The remains of the skeleton seem to belong to a
male rather than a female. The upper part of the slab which is
incised, contains four figures: two of adults, male and female, two of
children, also male and female. The inscription, as far as it can be
read, is as follows:

D-M-FLAVIZ-AUGUSTINAE
VIXIT: AN+XXXVIIII-M- VIL: D-XI-FILIUS
NUS - AUGSTINUS * VXT*AN+I D-III
AN-+I*M- VITIL-D-V-C2RESIUS
I-LEG*VI-VIC-CONIUGI: CARI

ET: SIBI- F+C-

It appears therefore that Ceresius, a soldier of the Sixth Conquer-
ing Legion, raised this memorial to his wife, Flavia Augustina, who
lived 39 years, seven months, and eleven days; to his son, Augnstinus,
who lived one year and three days, and his daughter, who lived one
year, nine months and five days, providing at the same time a memo-
rial for himself, according to a practice very common among the
Romans. The figures at the top correspond with this destination of
the monument. The stone has received an injury which has obliter-
ated several letters on the left side, so that only the last syllable of
the son’s first name is legible, and that of the daughter, as well as the
military rank of Ceeresius, is unknown.

30

Jan. 3, 1860.—Mr. Procter read a paper “On the Ancient
Metallurgy of Lead among the Romans, especially in Britain.” Not-
withstanding the silence of Cesar, it seems probable that the lead-
mines of this country were worked by the natives before the Roman
conquest. Leland mentions a plate of lead, found in Somersetshire,
inscribed with the name of the Emperor Claudius in the ninth year
of his tribunitial power, t.¢. A. D. 49, and as this was only five years
after his arrival in Britain, it is not probable that the Romans should,
in so short an interval, have begun to work lead-mines, if the art had
been previously unknown in the island. Pigs of lead have also been
found in different parts of Britain, bearing the names of other Roman
Emperors.

Pliny notices the abundance of lead in this country, and the facility
of working it from its coming to the surface ; in this respect, he con-
trasts the British lead-mines with those of Spain and Gaul. He
observes that there are two different sources of lead,— its own native
ore from which it is produced without admixture, and an ore which
contains it in combination with silver. Lead is rarely quite free from
silver, but the ancients, from their imperfect knowledge, probably
regarded those ores as non-argentiferous, in which silver exists only in
minute proportions. From Pliny’s account, which, however, contains
some obscurities, it is clear that the Romans were in the habit of
extracting silver from lead by a process of cupellation ; and on several
of the pigs found in Britain, we read the words EX. ARG. or EX. ARGN.,
which can hardly be explained otherwise than as Ha Argento or Ex
Argentifodina. Yet it seems extraordinary that the lead should be
described as extracted from silver ore or a silver mine, when the silver
is really quite an insignificant admixture with the lead.

Mr. Procter has analysed several specimens of Roman lead from
the collection of the Society, with the following results :

SILVER.

A lead coffin .........seccccceseoeee.coe 0°0066 per cent.
Do. AIMEE RAL: REM alnditlin
Do. dos ccccccesucssehuecwucnpiy’) (REM tne

A leaden lamp stand ......seeeeee--oee 0°0182 ~

PE TG BIG asee 535s. vesceperasenpasers 0:0087 re

Another lead pipe exhibited merely a trace of silver.
The quantity analysed in each case was 500 gr.

31

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.

Bravender, F’., Esq., (Ciren- ) Six specimens of Acrosalenia pustulata,
COURT TET ina cecsivenepsvcccasy from the Great Oolite of Cirencester.

Dallas, E. W., Esq., (Hdin- ) Fossil Foraminifera, from the Tertiary
DUP GRP si cicdecésstececsests deposits at Volterra, in Tuscany.

Harland, Mr. T., (Holme-) Two Fossil Sponges, from the Chalk,
on-the- Wolds) ....0.se0es } near Beverley.

Milner, Miss, (Nun com Fossil Plants, from the Coal Strata of

SO) Sa ceases li cbadseneadens Aldwark, near Rotherham.
hose wrth eeecuise A Specimen of Asbestos.
Reed, Wm., Esq., (Blake Numerous Specimens of Fossils, from
Street) ......00 BUS oon Odivee the Chalk, Gault and Wenlock Lime-
stone.
Richardson, Rev.H.( York) Fossils from the Coprolite Beds of the
Speeton Clay.

Roundell, Rev. Danson
Richardson, ( Gledstone )
Tindall, Mr. E., (Bridling-) A Collection of Fossils from the Red
HOM) bewssvdgy ive EF Te Chalk of Speeton.
Walker, Mr. J. F., (Gilly- ) A Specimen of Productus Martini.
A small Agatized Ammonite, from the
Lias, near Whitby.

7 Coltestiqn af dtoiia bad Wincrala.

gate) Seeeeereereeeeesseeeeeres

BOTANY.

Backhouse, Jas., Esq. ...... The Stem of a large Tree Fern.
Hailstone, Mrs.,(Bottisham, ) The Herbarium formed by the late
Cambridgeshire) .. 0000 Samuel Hailstone, Esq.

32

ZOOLOGY.

Brown, C. H., Esq., (South-
DOVE) vennsenss nhs nscesraaanbh

Brown, Mr., (Friends’ ) Specimens of Geomalacus maculosus, in
BEROOL) | is inrnsimisieabitonnn’ } spirit.

Champley, R., Esq., (Scar- A Photograph of the Egg of the Great
ae hee enh pashcngnany Auk.

North, 8. W., Esq.,( York) A Specimen of Uraster rubens.

Tindall, Mr. E., ( skill
ton) . "|

Toon, Mr. Sy C CT) Two Lizards and three Centipedes in

A Specimen of Fusus antiquus.

Three Specimens of Exotic Land Shells.

Foot) ... spirit, from Renkioi, on the Darda-
nelles.
Wee dr ina’ 2 ihe Three Specimens of Limneeus etagnalis.
gate) .
ANTIQUITIES.
Calvert, F. W., Hsq........... A Stone Coffin, and some Cinerary
Urns, found in his ground on the
Mount.
Ford, John, Esq. .....+..... Three Flint Arrow Heads, from Castle
Howard.

Greenwood, Mr. Wm. ....... A Coin of Alexander Severus.
Jones, John, Esq. ............ A Stone Coffin, and some Cinerary
Urns, found in his ground on the

Mount.
Kenrick, Rev. John ......... A Coin of Probus, found at Osbaldwick.
Noble, T. 8., Esq. .s....0..... A Coin of Mariniana, and four Silver
Denarii.

Procter, W., Esq. ....e+...06 A Mediaval Spoon.

ONTilon) neesssene } Penny of dwar

Simmons, Rev. F., ( Holme-
on-the- Wolds) ...scccseves

Smart, Dr. (Northiam, Sus- ) Specimens of the so-called Kimmeridge
86H) vecvececstovossteveveese Coal Money.

The lower part of a Stone Hand Mill.

33

Stapylton, M. B., Esq.,) A Sandstone Head, probably of the
(Myton Hall) v.rcrsseree God Serapis, from Meroé.
Swaine, E., Esq. ............ A Roman Cinerary Urn, in the form of
a Human Head.
An Attic Tetradrachm.
Temple, Mr. G., (York)... Two Roman Coins, and a Leaden
Stamp, found at Clifton.
Walker, Miss, (Gillygate) A Silver Coin of the Duchy of Bur-
gundy. °
Walker, Mr. J. F., (Gilly- An Iron Implement, found near Foun-
GOO) circce rev socvercessocees tain’s Abbey.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Edeson, Mrs., (Gillygate) A Burmese Book, and Wooden Mould.
Noble, J., Esq., Jun., R.N. Three Chinese Weapons.

LIBRARY.

Admiralty, Board of......... Greenwich Observations for 1857.
Association, British, for the

F for 1858.
Advancement of Science } Report or 1858

The Author ........ Wise ods Furca et Fossa, by J. Y. Akerman.

Phe Author? a ciici.c ain Voyage en Espagne et en Algérie, by
M. Boucher de Perthes.

FR AeOR isi is oce. 0 A Natural History of the Animal King-

dom, by W. S. Dallas.

The Author ..........«...... Elements of Entomology, by W. S.
Dallas.

The Author: .cs.0s..iwivsciad Reply to the Statements of the Trustees
of Dudley Observatory, by Dr. Gould.

The Author .................. Map of Chicago Harbour and Bar, by
Col. Graham.

The Author ..........0..... Address delivered at the Anniversary
Meeting of the Geological Society,
1858, by General Portlock.

The Author .......s6.s.+..0 Address delivered at do., 1859, by Pro-
fessor Phillips.

Cc

34

The Author: iii5.0s0iiis.. oud Evidences of the Great Age of Henry
Jenkins.
Berwickshire, Naturalists’
Field Club ......... Neils
British Museum, Trustees of Select Egyptian Papyri in the igual
tion of the British Museum.
East India Company, The ) Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in
Hon. Court of Directors of the Museum of the East India Com-
pany.
Gould, Dr...................... Defence of Dr. Gould, by the Scientific
Council of the Dudley Observatory.
Graham, Mr. D. ............. Sir Wm. Milner’s Nomenclature of
British Birds.
Hey, Rev. Wm. ............ Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by
G. R. Waterhouse, (sheets 1—6).

| Proceedings of.

aS EY f
nstitution, Royal, of Great Proceedings of, part 9.

BSPICAID sis csp enasie seers ties
Institution, Smithsonian ... Report for 1857.
Kenrick, Rev. John ......... Eckhel’s Numi veteres Anecdoti, and

Vulpes’ Illustrazione degli Strumenti
Chirurgici scavati in Ercolano e in
Pompei, from the Library of the late
Rev. Charles Wellbeloved.
Malvern, Naturalists’ Field
MAGD cicievetncenessapanenaues )
Monkhouse, Mr. W.......... Woods on the Fossil Skull of an Ox.
Northumberland, His Grace ) Mac Lauchlan’s Survey of the Roman
the Duke of 50.3. Watt Wall and Watling Street.
Read, W. H. Rudston, Esq. Proceedings of the Linnean Society.
Society, Geological ..... .... Quarterly Journal, vol. xiv., parts 3 and
4, and vol. xv.

Transactions of.

Proceedings, Nos. 1—25.
Society, Chemical ............ Quarterly Journal.
Society, Geological & Poly-
a Reports of.
technic, of the West Riding bir ae

Society, Leeds Philosophical ) Report of.
~~. and Literary’ ...i.cce... 00. Sir J. F. W. Herschel on Sensorial
Vision.
J. Crawfurd, F. R. S., on China and its
Trade.
Society, Boston, of oma Journal, vol. vi., No. 4.

History %osc0s- scscsessrevens Proceedings, vol. vi., sheets 11—22.

35

Society, Sheffield Literary
and Philosophical .........
Society, Literary and Philo-
sophical, of Liverpool ...
The Translator ................ Siebold on a True Parthenogenesis in
Moths and Bees, translated by W. S.

Dallas.

Report of.

Proceedings of.

Tyneside Naturalists’ Field
UD saves scgunsak snd ocenad
United States Coast Survey Report of the Superintendent for 1856.
Wellbeloved Memorial- Mr. Wellbeloved’s copies of “ Drake’s
Fund Committee ......... Eboracum” and Horsley’s “ Britannia

| Romana.”

Transactions of.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds, by John Gould,
F. R. S. (18 parts published).

Birds of Australia, by the same, supplementary parts (3 published).

Birds of Asia, by the same (11 parts published).

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species chiefly selected
from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and W. C. Hew-
itson. By W ©. Hewitson. (23 Nos. published.)

Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, or Geology of the Sewalik Hills, in the
North of India, by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. (Part 1
to 9 of illustrations, and part 1 of Letterpress).

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with Illustrations.

Publications of the Paleontographical Society.

Publications of the Ray Society.

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, col. plates (17 parts published).

Crania Britannica, or Delineations and Descriptions of the Skulls of
the Aboriginal and early Inhabitants of the British Islands, by
J. B. Davis, F.S. A., and J. Thurnam, M.D., F.S.A. (3 Parts
published).

London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

The Geologist.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte.

WORKS PURCHASED.

. Murchison’s Siluria, new edition.
Decades of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
Sowerby’s Hlustrated Index of British Shells.

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