vi Sear oe Wigs: eR Sy rn! Sie, BAwen pee fees etie FS ana eons oe Cnetat Oa oe, a ot ene oY Wests.) i PES TIBRARY OF S28e | pare | me 1 7 y ‘ b ily a > ney, Pie. ms i er oe i “4 cz aK Pea - i? at Re ; Rena 7 ie? wut c Ae Bon i 1 athe f rr Wee av s * - ea * ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1901. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL CONTENTS. GARDEN : Page. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture ........--- Weer atoduteaaee aoa ce cee IX Neve butidini NeEded”.. Joc... 6 cen. eee cee aii POE eas Boe seesaw es ike Our duty to new possessions -..........-.-...-.. 5 Sees ha Sho oe aoa IX SiN oe Soe SEs See Se MeO EE EOS ae CdS o UE ae ae BU SoG OOateee BEA Sb Scas x WeaunOr SMLCa ss: - noes. omen aacmenacinuesssceews Jessen ae poniscdeeeee ye aby New ocean forecasts and international cooperation. ......- se werettamtte Mealy MiraiGalvestont burnicanesq- -es ssa see ae ie oe ee ake wont. © EV NeW ONGC ast CISLOICtR sc fe ecicmie te or ste een Sold clan Bc ainsi ere te latacontee KV improvement in forecast, - (4... - - sees soo - Sareea Higa ia /aajelemiia are. NENG Recent extension of weather service ....-..-------------- CfSe Sa. amiee XVI Climatetand' crop woLk.-cee-- os. ee nee ots =aela= ena e fash atta ere XVI Forecasts to farmers by rural free delivery -.-...-....-------------- XVI MWircless telegragO Yim. =o Soe aa Sas aan tema aoe ee XVII The merit system and the discipline of the Weather Burean- -------- XVII iBaresuonAnital Industry =. 2-2 = Soe ite seca ari wane tiscitege ciao XVIII PARMA OX POLES 22. - 2) fame eee eee XCVI Black scale, plant lice, and grasshoppers ...--.-.---...-------------- XCVUI Work of less immediate importance .....-.---.------- es Sete a ee ae XCIX Work of 1902 cee sc cc ars XCIX Office of Public Road Inquiries......-- eee Yn ie amas enetteeeee see: XcIx Object of the work .........- AR eh re et Ne te he ee XCIx PUDMCAHONG) Sos < secs cowcssecccduusecuraeeweeree te ome = == ane c CONTENTS. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture—Continued. Office of Public Road Inquiries—Continued. Object-lesson roads -....-----.--------------------- 220 - eee eee eee Road material, laboratory 22s s-o- 2 -5----- =o sewer ee eee =n Other practical work ......-..----------++----------------------=- Divison. of Publications: 2.25. 322e--s6s2>-65-- sels se some e nes eee seen = Growth of the publication work ......-....------------------------ iManage? IBwillenins Soe seeetoodscosesroso =aacossooseosSascecuases Relative cost.of editorial work... -22--------=2-cs=aee= += 222. 22 5--" | SNebraska ss: sfeseees see ce 10.00 EAT Opes pee see rues ol Aw WalNsinse. =. .s5<0-2ec220 252 ass 20.00 i pital She eee 2 ee Se PRES ey l Plenty Birdsss2t2 Ss HOuUbh Dakotare-ssee seo 20. 00 IM aARG meses ee ees C.R. Wolfenden ----------- South Dakota. .-2_--5---2- 25. 00 MBO reer ee ce een eee | Mae BA eSSOLbeee eee eo ee South Wakotapes soe eee 30.00 Maro stietsy Si 8F yin Fe sg Jos Dixons5= 225532 |South Dakota. 22222 30.00 MarGiycsaen perth oe eae koe or Jeg Ee Onesies ee SOUL Dakota) cece eee ats 30. 00 Totale:-2 vioteas ma Ls 2 ag Al ch Sis on Be hee PS Le i OE 5 ee 315.00 The following outline of a report received from Dr. W. 8S. Devoe, the inspector in charge of this work, exhibits its character: PINE RIDGE AGENCY, South Dakota, June 4, 1901, There are five districts on this reservation— W akpamini, White Clay, Porcupine, Wounded Knee, and Medicine Root. The animals are rounded up in each district and driven to the final round-up at Pass Creek district, 47 miles from the agency, and then animals which have estrayed from one district to the other during the 30 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. year are returned, and animals straying in from sections of the country covering 100 miles in area thr ough Nebraska and South Dakota are claimed by owners and removed by them. At the round-up there were present at least 300 men from different sections—horse buyers from Iowa and Omaha, as well as breeders from Nebraska and South Dakota. On finding a sorrel mare which was badly diseased, I asked the name of the owner, but no one would acknowledge the ownership of the animal. It was reported by men who knew the brand that she came from the sand hills south- east of Gordon, Nebr. I assumed the responsibility in case a claim was made for indemnity, killed the mare, and made a post-mortem examination to give those present an opportunity to learn more of the nature of the disease. The lesions of maladie du coit were very pronounced. It was the desire of the breeders and owners of the horses present that the other diseased animals found should be killed on the spot, but not knowing who the owners were and wishing to show the people of this section the disease in its various stages, they were removed to the agency. Several diseased animals have been slaughtered without indemnity, as they were unclaimed. BIOCHEMIC DIVISION. ROUTINE WORK. The routine work of preparing and shipping branding ink, tubereu- lin, and mallein has been continued as heretofore. This division has shipped about 560 gallons of branding ink for use in marking inspected meats, 44,410 doses of tuberculin, and 7,188 doses of mallein. The routine work in connection with serum experiments, hog cholera, and swine plague have been continued. A large number of herds were treated inthe West during the summer and fall of 1900 and the spring of 1901, and the work is being continued at the present time. In gen- eral, the results have been of an encouraging character. At the same time, in some herds other factors have arisen for consideration, which have been and are now being investigated with the hope of throwing additional light on the methods of handling these troublesome diseases. All this work has entailed a iarge amount of routine work in the preparation of cultures for the incculation of animals, in the prepara- tion of serum, and especially in the identification of cultures obtained from herds in the West which have been under treatment. In the progress of this work a number of new varieties of bacilli belonging to the hog-cholera group have been isolated, and other important properties and variations have been carefully studied. LABORATORY WORK IN TUBERCULOSIS. The work in connection with tuberculosis has been continued. A number of germs from different species of animals have been secured and cultures made with the purpose in view of obtaining sufficient material for continuing the biochemical and other investigations already begun. The experiments with the serum for tuberculosis in the human being have also been continued at one of the sanatoriums in New York, and the results, as reported by the physician in charge, are of a very encouraging character. Some feeding experiments on chickens have also been conducted during the year and the results are about ready for publication. A number of routine analyses and examinations have been made as the work demanded. arcs ec eae Mote yates C. cy bel Co bite SS Bee BNE ee Bn ee 60 LINE TOL yey (UN (OLE ENA wR 2s eae aT ae Ai iter ied es SIE Does es ee yee 110 ELE TTTCE Ny. ES Ba Sa a Seca en ee A 2 Sine aes reins Alyy Sool 2 EME OM ae 65 Lie (ORR LUT) pecthet es AAS ese Re ann ROE EN) oe ReR LeBe oe is aek Se ae ee 5 CETTE 2c A SSE ES SE ER nee eg Spey ee ioe La tale ba A Se ee renee 13 VAAN ae SO ce eee Ind AN ene SR MEAD ee oe tga Se Me SRL, PROSE PSA SI Rene 2, 000 BUCO WTAWOOGI 53204 cies 7 seri ee 2 A ie se aad Lee en 2 riage > J 8s SL 225 LOTS el a A 8 a ha a tein a Die aap ee tee aL RRA ee IO 86, 977 SPECIAL CROPS. The two special crops which are now under study are roses and carnations. The object of the work with these plants is to develop improvement in cultural methods which will render the cultivation of these crops more remunerative to commercial growers. This work involves a study of soil conditions and light and heat requirements, as well as the structure best suited to secure these conditions. PLANS FOR FUTURE WORK. The aim in the management of the grounds will be to maintain typ- ical specimens of each of the various hardy trees and shrubs adapted to lawn planting in this climate. This collection is already one of the best in the country, but additions are needed from time to time to make it complete. As an addition to the collection of ornamental plants, it is proposed to devote considerable area to introduced hardy herbaceous annuals and perennials, and to arrange them for landscape effect, rather than according to their botanical affinities. It is believed that such a collection will demonstrate the value of our native, and at present neglected, plants, and enable many flower lovers, whose income 84 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. will not admit the purchase of rare and beautiful plants, to produce equally as pleasing effects without cost and with the expenditure of a minimum amount of labor. The study of special crops and their requirements will be made a still larger feature of the work as soon as facilities for its prosecution can be provided. This willinclude the commercial crops grown by the florist, such as roses, carnations, violets, etc., and vegetables, such as lettuce, radishes, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc., which form important commercial crops during the winter months. We now have in our collection many plants which are of more than ordinary interest and value, because they are the parent stock from which an industry hassprung up. The Washington navel orange may be noted as anexample. The unusual interest which centers about plants of this kind is sufficient reason for justifying the expenditure of time and money in their preservation, and to this end a house will be erected in which such interesting specimens may be cared for. With the growing interest in the cultivation of the European grape on resistant stocks, both in Eastern and Western America, it seems desirable that the collection of varieties of this class now at the Depart- ment be considerably increased. It is therefore the purpose to collect such varieties as show desirable qualities and test them in pots in the greenhouse, not only to afford material for studying the sorts, but in order that a supply of wood for grafting may be easily available. ARLINGTON EXPERIMENTAL FARM. WORK OF THE YEAR. LOCATION AND CHARACTER OF THE FARM. The work of the Arlington Experimental Farm is conducted under the office of the chief of Bureau, with Mr. L. C. Corbett in direct charge. The farm is that portion of the former Robert E. Lee estate between the Arlington National Cemetery Reservation and the Potomac River. It can be reached by either of two lines of electric cars in twenty minutes, or by carriage. The plot set aside for experimental use consists of some 400 acres of rolling land, made up chiefly of a clay loam, underlaid at a depth of 3 to 5 feet with an impervious clay subsoil, except the tops of the knolls, which consist largely of gravel. As a whole, the land lies well for the purposes to which it is to be devoted. In mechanical con- dition, it is ail that could be desired—it is easily cultivated, responds readily to good treatment, yet carries a sufficient amount of sand to allow of cultivation soon after heavy rains. In general, it is in a fair state of fertility, the more elevated portions alone showing a lack of available plant food; this, however, will be corrected by the use of green manures and mineral fertilizers before permanent plant- ingsaremade. The diversity in the surface provides suitable locations for the various fruits adapted to this latitude, as well as facilities for studying the influence of slight elevations upon frost zones. Since this parcel of land came under the control of the Department it has been thoroughly grubbed, all brush, briars, and tree growth hay- ing been removed, thus fitting the ground for the work of draining and cultivation. DRAINING. Several large streams of water reach the boundary of this property from the Arlington National Cemetery. These streams are too large BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 85 to be carried either in drain tile or larg3-size sewer pipe, and accord- ingly open ditches have been dug to serve as mains for these streams and to earry off the flow from tile drains rendered necessary by the great number of springs which are at present near the foot of the slope of the hill, particularly in the southwestern part of the farm. In order to drain this springy land and fit it for cultivation, some 10,000 feet of 3-inch and 4-inch drain tile have been laid. In carrying on this work it has been the object not only to carry off superfluous water, but to do the work in such a manner that the soil would be aerated and sweetened. BUILDINGS. A shed which serves the purpose of stable and tool room has been erected. There are no other structures of any description on the place. CULTIVATION. Plows were started in May, and some 40 acres have been prepared and seeded with cowpeas. PLANS FOR FUTURE WORK. It will be the aim to develop the Arlington farm into a high-grade experiment station for the purpose of propagating, testing, and study- ing fruits, vegetables, grains, and other crops brought to the attention of the Department. Besides investigating the needs of the soil with reference to the growth of fruits and vegetables, plots will be pro- vided for the use of the various branches of the Department carrying en work in connection with plant diseases, insect attacks, ete. The Department has long felt the need of a collection of fruits, vegeta- bles, and other plants, where experiments of this nature could be con- ducted, and one object of this work will be to provide these facilities as rapidly as possible. Within recent years a great many valuable seeds and plants have been sent to the Department, which, owing to lack of proper facilities for handling ana growing, have been lost. All such seeds and plants will be tested in a preliminary way on the experiment farm, and all those that are found valuable will be dis- seminated where they, give promise of succeeding. It is planned to do this work largely through the State experiment stations and through private individuals who have shown an interest in such special investigations. In cooperation with the office of the Agrostologist, areas for testing the uses of various new forage plants will be set aside; and in order to facilitate the work in plant pathology and physiology, commercial fruit plantations will be maintained in which hybrid and cross-bred sorts will be tested, diseases treated, and food requirements studied. In order to obtain these results several years will be required. Build- ings must be erected, and the working force of unskilied workme: must gradually be changed into a force of experts. EXPERIMENTS IN PRODUCTION OF TEA., WORK OF THE YEAR. The experiments in the production of tea have been conducted, as heretofore, at ‘‘ Pinehurst,” Summerville, S. C., under the direction of Dr. Charles U. Shepard. The work during the year has been mainly directed toward the cheapening of the cost of production, the 86 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. improvement of the quality of the product, and the determination of the relative adaptability of the various sorts of tea for profitable cultivation in this country. In order to satisfactorily carry out this line of work, it became necessary to clear and put in suitable order considerable tracts of land for the extension of the experiment gardens. This has been done to the extent of about 12 acres, three- fourths of which have been finished and planted in tea. An addi- tional 5 acres had been previously prepared, but the imported seed with which it was designed to plant it failed to germinate. Work is now being done on the preparation of 3 or 4 acres more. On the completion of this work it is intended to stop further extensions. This accession of practically 20 acres of land is designed for testing the feasibility of dispensing with artificial enrichment, the cost of which has constituted 15 to 20 per cent of the total expense of tea production. Itis also planned to utilize the ground to some extent for cultivating imported varieties of tea of acknowledged worth. Until recently all of the ‘‘ Pinehurst” gardens had been stimulated with artificial manuring. During the year a number of consignments of oriental tea seed were received, but owing to the long time neces- sary in transporting this seed much of it failed to germinate. The receipt of this seed has enabled the Department to establish four tea gardens at ‘‘Pinehurst,” two of which are chiefly from seed from 2,000 feet and one each from 4,000 and 5,000 feet, respectively, above sea level. Of all the seed imported, that obtained from Darjeeling, in British India, produces the largest, surest, and most valuable tea crop at ‘‘Pinehurst.” The crop of tea from the gardens this year will aggregate about 4,500 pounds, which is a slight gain for the whole estate over any previous year. It further demonstrates the fact that the plants which were so severely cut down by frost in the phenom- enal freeze of 1898 have entirely recovered. During the year special attention has been given to the develop- ment of machinery to aid in handling the tea. It becomes apparent as the work progresses that machinery will be absolutely essential in order to compete with the cheap labor of the Orient. Special machines used in the tea factories of the British colonies have been procured during the year and found to work very satisfactorily. As a result of the improvement in mechanical equipment the quality of the tea has been uniformly better, which is a very encouraging and promising result. Aside from the advantages already enumerated to be secured from the use of machinery, measures of equal importance are to be noted—as, for example, the elimination of possibilities of uncleanli- ness, and even of disease, from the hands of persons who handle the tea. Very satisfactory results have been obtained during the year through the introduction of the ‘‘rotary witherer.” The mechanical manufacture of black tea has been in extensive use for several years, but only recently has that of green tea been seriously attempted. It has seemed all the more desirable, as this country is the chief con- sumer of that commodity; but so long as its preparation was entirely by hand its profitable production in the United States would have remained impossible. This new machine, which was invented by Dr. Shepard, has successfully overcome many of the difficulties of handling tea, and has paved the way, in conjunction with already supplied rolling, sifting, and dyeing machines, for the manufacture of green tea in a clean, cheap, and uniform manner. By means of the machine invented by Dr. Shepard a sterilization of the solvent ferments of the tea leaf is effected, so that its oxidation is reduced BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 87 toa minimum. Dr. Shepard has very generously arranged to patent this machine in the name of the Government, and will offer it through the Department to future American tea makers without royalty or restriction. During the year the experiments in irrigation were continued, with encouraging results, although an accident to the main supply of water temporarily interfered with the extension of the work on a large scale. The experiments in sheltering tea from the direct sunlight have shown that the product obtained in this way is of a very much higher quality, but that the production was slightly decreased. Further work along this line is necessary to prove the profitable features of the investigation. The expense of the work conducted by Dr. Shepard has been, in large part, borne by himself, and as a result of his efforts he has now at ‘‘Pinehurst” about 100 acres in tea, a well-equipped factory capable of turning out about 150 pounds of dry tea daily, and a disciplined force of tea pickers and factory hands. This well-conducted estab- lishment, to the building of which Dr. Shepard has given some of the best years of his life, is now in position to serve as a model and school of instruction in the industry to which it is devoted. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE. In order to extend the work of tea production in the United States it will become necessary to establish seed-bearing groves in different parts of the Southern States. This is essential from the fact that better seed can be obtained from such groves than from the much- pruned and leaf-plucked commercial tea gardens. By means of a few acres of widely separated tea groves an abundance of tea seed of distinct character might be raised for the supply of future American gardens. As rapidly as the means will permit, it is planned to train young men (graduates of agricultural colleges) in the matter of tea production and to extend the work to different parts of the South where climate, soil, and labor give promise of success. There is much yet to be done in determining the best methods of handling tea, and for this reason it is believed advisable to secure, if possible, the serv- ices of a competent tea expert. Steps are being taken to this end, and it is hoped to have such an assistant at an early day. SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. WORK OF THE YEAR. On March 1, 1901, Mr. Jared G. Smith, who for a year past had been conducting the work, was appointed special agent in charge of the Hawaiian experiment station, at Honolulu, and Ernst A. Bessey was transferred from the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology as assistant in charge. This report has been prepared by Mr. Bessey. During the year 1900-1901 the number of importations of seeds and plants by the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction was about 1,614. The actual number of varieties is less than this, for many varieties were imported a number of times and from several different localities. A large part of these importations has been distributed to experiment stations and to a few private experimenters. As far as possible, seeds of the more important tropical and subtropical plants, especially those received in small quantities and those whose value is still problemat- 88 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ical, have been planted in the Department greenhouses. It was also attempted to keep a sufficient number of every importation of live plants or cuttings, or, if the importation was small, the whole num- ber, to furnish next year a larger number for distribution, besides pre- venting any danger of losing the whole importation, as might occur if the cuttings arrived and were sent out at an unfavorable season of the year. Many live plants and cuttings are not in the best condition after a long voyage, and it is advantageous to keep them where they can receive good care before sending them out. During the year there have been four explorers collecting plants from foreign countries. Mr. M. A. Carleton, upon the completion of his work on the jury judging cereals at the Paris Exposition, went to Russia and obtained a quantity of macaroni wheat, and also of the hard red spring and winter wheats especially suited for cultivation on the Great Plains. Mr. G. D. Brill, an American citizen, for some time previous a resident of Wuchang, China, made a collection of seeds and plants in China, mainly in the Yangtse Vall y. A large number of pear, apple, and peach trees collected by him were dead when they reached Washington, having been delayed in transit. Mr. Brill’s work was considerably hampered and his proposed itinerary very materially changed by the Boxer outbreak. The main explorations of the year were those conducted by Mr. David G. Fairchild. In September, 1900, he was sent to Germany and Austria, especially to obtain hopsand barleys, but also with instrue- tions to obtain anything else of value that he might observe. Later he was instructed to proceed to Greece and Egypt. The last two months of the fiscal year were spent by him in Algeria, making arrangements to obtain some of the best varieties of Algerian maca- roni wheats and Algerian forage plants. In this work he was ably assisted by Mr. Carl S. Scofield, assigned for that purpose tempo- rarily to this office. As in previous years, this office has cooperated with various branches of the Department in the matter of obtaining seeds and plants for various purposes. In cooperation with the Division of Chemistry, the purchase and distribution of sorghum and sugar-beet seed were undertaken. These were sent to the experiment stations in the States suited to their culture, as determined by the observations made by the Division of Chemistry, and were also distributed in those States through Senators and Representatives. A considerable quan- tity was also sent out on personal application, and toward the end of the planting season the remainder of the seed was distributed to the crop reporters and county correspondents by the Division of Statis- ties. In cooperation with the Pomologist, a large collection of apple and plum trees was obtained from Europe, and in cooperation with the Pomologist and the Pathologist and Physiologist, a collection of apple treesand scions of resistant varieties was obtained from Australia for experimental work against root aphis and root rot, respectively. In the introduction of macaroni wheats the office has worked in cooperation with the Office of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, the wheats having been obtained by Mr. M. A. Carleton, cerealist of that office. As provided by the act of Congress making the appropriation, the seeds and plants imported have, to a large extent, been sent to the experiment stations for trial. In many cases, instead of sending direct to the stations, the importations were sent to parties desig- BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 89 nated by the stations. The attempt has been made in every case to put the plants in parts of the country thought to be probably fitted for their growth, and they have been given as wide a dissemination as possible. It has been the attempt, moreover, not to send seeds and plants to people unknown to the Department or to the experiment. stations unless it is apparent that they are able to report intelligently upon the experiment. In two eases, namely, macaroni wheat and Turkestan alfalfa, where it has been shown that these importations are of great value, contracts have been entered into with several parties for growing seed, these to be purchased by the Department, subject to action of Congress in appropriating money available therefor. The more important introductions of the past year are mentioned below. In Bohemia Mr. D. G. Fairchild obtained several of the best varie- ties of hops. It is well known that the American hops are far inferior for brewing purposes to some of the Bohemian varieties, and several thousand cuttings of the latter were accordingly obtained, among them the Saaz, Semsch, and Tettnang varieties, and were placed, through the cooperation of the experiment stations, with experienced hop growers, mainly in the States of New York, Washington, Oregon, and California. At the same time Mr. Fairchild obtained a quantity of the best varieties of brewing barleys, particularly the Hanna barley. These, too, have been distributed where barley growing is practiced especially, and ought to prove of great money value to the country. The little town of Malin, in Bohemia, is famous all over Europe for the especially fine horseradish which is produced there. Mr. Fairchild was fortunate enough to be able to obtain a large number of cuttings of its best variety, and. these have been distributed to horseradish growers in the country. It is too early yet to determine how valuable this importation will prove to this country. From southern Austria and Greece a few cuttings of a number of the more valuable wine and table grapes were obtained. When these are grown in sufficiently large numbers in this country they ought to prove a valuable addition to our already considerable list of such grapes. Probably the most valuable importation of these was that of about 3,000 long cuttings of the Greek corinth from Panariti. These have been placed in parts of California and Arizona, where the climate is similar to that part of Greece from which they came; and if they prove to bear as well in this country as in their native home they will be of exceedingly great value. At present we import hun- dreds of thousands of dollars worth of corinths, or Zante currants, as they are called, and if they can be produced successfully in this coun- try the importations would be greatly decreased. Other importations of less importance from Greece include oranges, seedless lemons, limes, pomegranates, and the pistache nut. In continuation of the importation of date palms, by which it was intended eventually to have growing in Arizona and southern Cali- fornia all the good varieties of dates in the world, Mr. Fairchild obtained the best varieties of dates of the Delta of the Nile, in Egypt. He also arranged to obtain palms of the best varieties grown in other parts of Egypt. A large collection of the most important leguminous forage crops of Egypt was procured for use in the extensive experiments with these plants to be undertaken in this country the coming season. A 90 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. considerable amount of Egyptian cotton seed was obtained from dif- ferent parts of Egypt for use in breeding for improved quality and for resistance to root disease. A quantity of the seed of the Berseem clover was also obtained, but not enough for a general distribution. Among the cereals of more or less importance that were imported by the office during the year may be mentioned the North Finnish Black oats from Finland and Sixty Day oats from Russia, both especially suited by their shortness of season for Alaska and regions of short growing period, and a special strain of Ligowo oats, suited for growth in the Northern States. From Sweden there was also obtained a number of the better brewing barleys especially adapted for shorter seasons. Importations that will prove of value for limited localities are a number of figs and caprifigs which will be valuable to California, and a considerable quantity of seed of the Siberian crab apple, which latter plant will, it is thought, be especially valuable as a stock for the apple to prevent winterkilling. FUTURE WORK. For the coming year, it is planned to obtain new varieties of rice from Japan, China, the Philippines, and India, in the attempt to extend the rice industry farther North, and to make it possible for the small farmers in the interior of the Southern States to obtain a rice that will prove valuable for stock-feeding purposes. In conneec- tion with this work, Dr. Seaman A. Knapp, of Lake Charles, La., is making a trip to the countries named. It is the intention to continue the work with cereals, particularly the macaroni wheats. For this purpose several hundred bushels obtained by Mr. Fairchild in Algeria will be made use of, as well asa large quantity to be obtained in Russia. That now being grown under contract will also be distributed. It is hoped the coming year to be able to demonstrate to the farmers the practicability of growing this wheat, and thus to get its culture generally established. Already in North Dakota and South Dakota farmers are going into this matter quite extensively. Special attention will also be paid this year, mainly in the South and on the Pacific coast, to the introduction of new forage crops, principally leguminous plants. There is great need in these regions for a variety of such crops that can be used both for forage and as green manure. The date industry will continue to take some time and study. Desirable varieties will be imported when found, and possibly an explorer sent to Algeria to study certain features of date culture. A nut of great value in the Mediterranean region is the pistache. A few scions of this have already been imported, but it is intended to prosecute the introduction vigorously. The nut is well worth culture in this country, and will prove very valuable when it is once estab- lished. Attention will also be paid to the plants especially adapted to our tropical possessions. Active cooperation will be maintained with the experiment stations in Porto Rico and Hawaii, and assist- ance will be given, as far as practicable, to agricultural work in the Philippines. In cooperation with the office of the Pomologist it is intended to introduce new fruits into this country wherever such may be found desirable. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 91 Fiber plants, especially cotton, will be introduced in cooperation with the office of the Pathologist and Physiologist and the office of the Botanist. Besides the above-mentioned lines of work it is the intention of this office, as far as possible, to import seeds and plants in direct cooperation with the experiment stations, where the latter are making special studies of certain lines of work. The inereased interest in plant breeding all over the country has led to the need of obtaining small quantities of a great many varieties in the attempt to obtain desirable qualities which can be bred into the new varieties. The Office of Seed and Plant Introduction is especially favorably equipped for making such importations, and will endeavor to keep in close touch with plant breeding throughout the whole country. The changes in the general plan of handling all the work connected with seed and plant introduction have already been discussed, and need not be entered upon in detail here. Suffice it to say that the division of labor effected by the change, and the opportunities afforded for concentration of efforts on special crops, have already produced good results. CONGRESSIONAL SEED DISTRIBUTION. In accordance with an order issued by you on April 24, 1901, all matters pertaining to the final settlement of the Congressional seed distribution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, were placed in the hands of the chief of the Bureau. At that time the work of dis- tributing the seeds was practically finished, but steps were at once taken to carry out your instructions in regard to closing up the work. It was found that the appropriation for the purchase and distribution of valuable seeds and plants for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, was $170,000, and that the following allotments had been made of this sum: For the purchase and distribution of vegetable, flower, cotton, tobacco, and lawn-grass seed, through the New York Market Gar- MGHET SMA SSOCIATION oe re ee a ee __. $108, 874.12 For the purchase and distribution of valuable foreign seeds and plants, through the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction ______-_- 20, 000. 00 For the purchase and distribution of grapevines, strawberry plants, and bulbs, through the Officeof Experimental Gardens and Grounds_ 5, 000. 00 For the purchase and distribution of sugar-beet, sorghum, and other miscellaneous Congressional seed - : 3, 125.88 For miscellaneous labor and material, to be expended in the city of WiAShin O15 25 so s- ete Geese ee 2e Rey ee es Dect aeat es ere 33, 000. 00 LUT ee pseea herd te eae abate Aeneid 2, ai aceasta, snipes Sr 170, 000. 00 The details of the work connected with the distribution of valuable foreign seeds and plants, and the purchase of grapevines, strawberry plants, bulbs, ete., have already been given under the reports on the work of the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction and the Office of Experimental Gardens and Grounds, respectively. As already noted, the distribution of the vegetable, flower, cotton, tobacco, and lawn- grass seed was made under a contract with the New York Market Gar- deners’ Association. Owing to various circumstances, the work car- ried on under this contract was not entirely satisfactory, and for this reason a full settlement has not as yet been effected. When matters now pending are definitely settled a full and complete report will be made on the entire work. 99 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. PLANS FOR THE FORTHCOMING DISTRIBUTION. Owing to the fact that the contract for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, had been awarded when the seed work was turned over to the Bureau of Plant Industry, it was impracticable to make a number of important and necessary changes in the work. Some modifications have been brought about, however, and it is believed that these will lead to improvement in a number of directions. The contractor this year is The Henry Phillips Seed and Implement Company, of Toledo, Ohio, who will put up and send out the vegetable and flower seeds only. All other seeds and plants will be handled by the Department, as it is believed better results can be obtained in this way. In connection with the work done by the Department, the distribution of seeds of grasses and forage plants will receive special attention. Aside from the usual distribution of lawn-grass seed to Senators, Members, and Delegates in Congress, it is planned to send out, on Congressional orders, five or six special forage crops which are comparatively new and which give promise of being of value for certain regions. In order to best effect the distribution of this seed the country will be divided into several districts, and a particular forage crop sent where it is likely to prove most valuable. Another innovation will be made in the matter of distributing cotton seed. Instead of the usual practice of sending out small packages of seed of common forms already well known, an effort will be made to secure for distribution promising new sorts adapted to special regions of the South. For several years the Department has been engaged upon an investigation of cotton with a view to securing varieties bet- ter adapted to certain regions and more resistant to diseases. Already excellent results have been obtained in this work, and it is planned to eventually distribute seeds of the new sorts in order to give them widespread dissemination. The cotton seed this year will be sent out in larger quantities than before, for the reason that better results will be obtained by encouraging the planting of sufficient seed to determine its value. Already definite arrangements have been made for secur- ing most of the seed, and it is believed much benefit will result by its distribution. In the distribution of tobacco seed arrangements have been made to cooperate with the Bureau of Soils.. It is planned to send into each district only the varieties likely to sueceed there. In order to secure only the best seed for this purpose arrangements have been made for a special selection of the seed, and each Senator and Member living where tobacco is grown will have placed at his disposal a sufficient number of packages of selected seed to give the varieties a thorough trial. Under the direction of the Secretary, arrangements have been made to send out this year, for the first time, a number of choice young trees, the object being to encourage a love for trees and all that the planting and eare of them involves. No attempt will be made to send out large numbers of any one kind, but it is believed that the distri- bution of a few of the little-known sorts, particularly the rarer nut trees, will be of much value, especially if the trees themselves are accompanied with instructions as to their planting and care. Aside from the special matters noted above every arrangement has been made to secure seeds of high quality, and to have every variety properly packeted, labeled, and sent out promptly. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 93 SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS. In addition to the recommendations and suggestions already given under the reports of the executive officers, special attention is called | to the necessity of pushing vigorously a number of important lines. In the work carried on by the office of the Pathologist and Physiolo- gist, important studies should be taken up of various fungi and bac- teria which affect either detrimentally or beneficially the flavor, odor, wholesomeness, and market value of various agricultural products. It is now largely an accident whether many of these products are good or bad, as it depends largely upon what organism or ferment happens to gain the ascendency during the particular stages of manufacture. If the question were reduced to the basis of exact knowledge, it would be possible to make American products that could compete in quality and price with the very bestto be had anywherein the world. Requests have been received from fiax growers for pure cultures and informtion concerning the organism which brings about the retting of flax. In this country, at least, the retting of flax is a mere hit and miss busi- ness, and the product may be good, indifferent, or worthless; but if the manufacturer could start with pure culture inoculations of a given organism serious losses would be avoided and a uniform and high- grade product obtained. Studies of the fermentation processes which go on in the silo should be taken up, as well as those which have to do with bread making and the softening of pickles, olives, ete. Another line of important work which wili require special attention is a study of the diseases of forest trees and construction timber. Attention has already been called to the importance of this work, but to enlarge and push it as requirements demand will necessitate addi- tional funds. In the botanical investigations and experiments it is highly neces- sary to push as rapidly as possible the important work in the methods of sowing clover and other field seeds, in order to secure a standard under various conditions of soil or climate. The work on the meth- ods of treating and preserving seeds should also be pushed without delay. Problems along these lines arise with special urgency in respect to the seed of cereals, sorghum, soy beans, and vetches. Con- siderable work must be done before we are in a position to explain the cause of the deterioration of seeds and to suggest preventive meas- ures. It is also highly important to extend as rapidly as the means can be secured investigations on tropical crops. Already the Depart- ment is receiving many inquiries as to the best crops for our tropical possessions, and special funds will be required to extend the work so as to answer these inquiries. The important work inaugurated last year in this office on the study of the loss of grain in export shipments also needs funds for rapid extension. To carry on these and other important lines of work in the office of the Botanist, increased appro- priations have been estimated for. Some of the most important problems having to do with agriculture and agricultural development in this country are those pertaining to the grass and forage-plant investigations. The Agrostologistismaking a strong effort to push this work as rapidly as funds will permit. To broaden the investigations in a way commensurate with their impor- tance will require additional funds, and it is urgently recommended that these be allowed. Of the special work in this connection, it may be said that it is highly important that a thorough investigation be 94 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. made of the forage plants and forage conditions in the West at differ- ent seasons of the year, and particularly in the autumn, when the range is at its best and the opportunity is excellent for collecting and studying the grasses and forage plants. Too much attention can not be paid to the native grasses which are already adapted to unfavor- able conditions of ordinary vegetation. The work that has been done at Abilene, Tex., and the work that is now being carried on at Tucson, Ariz., gives assurance of remarkable possibilities in the restoration or improvement of the great cattle ranges and pastures of the West by judicious management and reseeding. One familiar with the well-grassed meadows and hillsides of the Eastern and Middle States can form little idea of the utter desolation and barrenness of hundreds of thousands of square miles of territory in the West that formerly supported untold numbers of fat cattle. This condition has come about through overstocking the ranges and mismanagement of the land. The experiments already made lead us to believe that these now desolated areas may be restored to their former productiveness. Our knowledge of the habits and capabilities of our native grasses and forage plants makes this assurance doubly sure, for in them we will find the means of again covering the ground with nutritious herbage. If the land is again regrassed the precipi- tated moisture will be preserved and prevented from running off in torrents and carrying with it the best plant food in the soil. To usit appears that Government range reserves would have an importance fully equal to the forest reserves, about which there is no question, and if properly handled might play even a greater part in the conser- vation of the precious moisture of the semiarid regions. It is a work which affects the entire live-stock interests of the country, and its demonstration in such States or Territories as may be selected for the purpose will enhance the value of the range lands of the entire West. In the pomological investigations very encouraging results have already been obtained in the important new work inaugurated in the matter of extending our fruit markets. It is believed that a promis- ing field is open for the fruit growers of this country if certain impor- tant principles can be worked out and understood, especially those pertaining to the best means of handling, storing, and shipping the fruits. The markets of Europe are open to us, and there is no reason why we should not greatly extend our market possibilities by taking advantage of the demand for good fruitsabroad. 'To accomplish this, however, will need careful investigations in order to enable our fruit growers to know definitely the best means to adopt in order to get their product across the water in good condition. These are some of the new problems being pushed in the pomological work, and for the extension of which additional funds are required. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY, Washington, D. C., July 24, 1901. Sir: I beg to submit herewith a statement of the work carried on in the Division of Chemistry for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, with plan of work in the Bureau of Chemistry for 1902 and proposed work for 1903. Respectfully, EG WW, Chemist. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. NEW WORK. The most important new work during the year was the establish- ment of a laboratory for the investigation of the physical and chem- ical properties of the materials used in building roads. This work has both a high scientific and practical value in the construction of good roads. It is a well-known fact that the agricultural value of farm products depends largely upon the accessibility to markets. Accessibility to a market is not judged alone by distance in miles from the place where the crop is grown; it is judged rather by the facilities and cheapness of transportation. New York City is a market which is reasonably accessible to the West India Islands, on account of the cheapness of transportation by water. It is, however, judged from a market point of view, at a great distance from many places in New York State, in the Adirondacks for instance. Farms which lie within a few miles of a market are often so difficult to reach as to render it almost impossible to realize any profit on the products of their fields. The building of good roads is, therefore, directly related to the progress of agriculture. It is perfectly evident that many millions of dollars have been wasted in the building of roads because the nature of the material used for surfacing has not been known. The surface of a road must be hard enough to resist the ordinary wear and tear of traffic, and should be composed of materials which, when reduced to powder, have a certain cementing value which prevents the comminuted particles from being removed by wind and water. The character of the materials used in a road must also be adapted to the kind of traffic to which the road is to be subjected. A roadway constructed for the light carriage traffic of a city and its suburbs should be com- posed of quite different materials, placed in a different manner, from a road over which heavily loaded wagons are to be drawn. 95 96 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. All these problems connected with the nature of road materials are of a physical and chemical nature. It is true they can all be worked out by actual experience, but experience in this case is extremely costly. The most certain and economic way of solving these problems is in the laboratory. There small quantities of material can be sub- jected to all the tests of stress, friction, and cementation to which they would be subjected if actually placed in a road for use. Thus, with only a very small quantity of material, had at a comparatively low cost, the actual value of the material can be ascertained with a high degree of accuracy. For the purpose of studying these problems, a laboratory, as has been stated, was established in the basement of the chemical building, in which a large part of the machinery necessary to the testing of road materials has already been installed. No chemical work in connection with the structure of road materials, in relation to their surfacing and cementing properties, was undertaken during the year, by reason of a lack of chemical force. Full preparation, however, was made for the beginning of this interesting part of the investigations during the present fiscal year. INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE SUGAR CONTENT OF THE BEET. Since the beginning of the investigation of the chemical composition of sugar-producing plants by the Division of Chemistry, now more than a quarter of a century ago, the great influence of environment, that is, soil and climatic conditions, upon the sugar content of the beet has been recognized. By reason of the extreme variation in environ- ment of this nature in different parts of the United States, it is evi- dent that this influence is more pronounced in the case of the beets grown in this country than in those grown in Europe. Ina general way, for the last fifteen years the Division had been able to point out with a reasonable degree of accuracy the areas in the United States which, in the light of the investigations which had been conducted, were best suited to the growth of sugar beets with a maximum content of sugar. These widely extended investigations, covering a period of nearly thirty years, formed a substantial basis from which to begin in a more systematic way the practical study of the influence of environment. The object in view was to determine, first of all, the exact force of environment, and, second, by analysis of the various factors of environ- ment to determine those which were most active either in increasing or diminishing sugar content. It is evident that in a study of this kind the Division must have recourse to the collaboration of other Bureaus and workers. In the present instance the Division was most fortunate in securing the active cooperation of the Weather Bureau in determining as nearly as pos- sible the conditions of the weather during the periods of growth of the experimental fields. It was also fortunate in securing the active and hearty cooperation of anumber of the agricultural experiment stations, which were selected with a view of securing as widely different con- ditions of environment as could be obtained. The stations coopera- ting in this work were those of Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, and the two stations in New York. The plan adopted for the work was as follows: A high-grade beet seed of uniform character was distributed to each of the collabor ating stations. Portions of the same lot of seed DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. 97 were also planted at the experiment station of the Department on the island below Long Bridge, District of Columbia. Each collaborating station kept a complete field record of its operations, including the method of preparing the soil, time of planting, character of cultiva- tion, and time of harvest. The observers of the Weather Bureau, at or near the points at which the experiments were made, kept a regu- lar, full record of precipitation, temperature, and hours of sunshine. Analyses of the beets grown were made both at the collaborating stations and in this laboratory. Since the beets were all produced by seed of the same kind, grown in the same locality and of the same quality, and since the conditions, aside from environment, were prac- tically the same in all cases, it is evident that any variation in the chemical composition of the beets produced must have been due to soil and seasonal influences. The analytical data were tabulated, and from these data deseriptive charts were drawn, three in number. In each of the three charts the content of sugar was taken as the basic line of illustration. The collaborating stations, together with the station at Washington, D. C., were arranged in the order of the sugar content. The first chart represents by platted curves the percentage of sugar in the beets, the latitude of the collaborating stations, the hours of sunshine in a per- centage of the total possible sunshine, and the distribution of sun- shine by months, that is, the number of clear days caleulated on a seale of 30. The second chart contains, platted in like manner, the sugar in the beets in percentage, the total rainfall on a seale of inches, the altitude, being the distance of the collaborating stations above the sea level in feet, and the distribution of rainfall by months, scale in inches. The third chart contains the percentage of sugar in the beets, the coefficient of purity of the juice of the beets on a scale of 100, the temperature during the growing months, scale in degrees Fahrenheit, and the average length of the days, scale in hours and minutes. These charts, with the accompanying text, are believed to present the first really systematic statement of the effects of environment upon the sugar beet which has ever been published in this country. This is said without casting any reflection whatever upon the previous publications of this Department on the same subject. It must not be forgotten, however, that the previous publications were merely inci- dental to the principal end which was kept in view, viz, the determi- nation of the sugar content of the beet over wide areas of distribution. A bulletin containing the chemical data, descriptive text, and the graphic charts above mentioned will soon be published. INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE GLUTEN CONTENT OF WHEAT. Under authority of Congress, the investigation of the influence of environment on the gluten content of wheat was conducted through the collaboration of experiment stations in different parts of the country. The stations engaged in the work were those of California, Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, and Missouri. The wheat which was sown at these various stations was all of the same kind. The chemical composition of this wheat was carefully determined before the distribution of the seed. Samples of the wheat grown in the different stations were sent on for analysis and the analytical data were obtained in the same manner as in the original AGR 1901———7 98 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. sample. The results were of the most surprising nature, showing that even in the course of a year the influence of environment was so great as to cause a variation from the original’ content of gluten of 50 per cent or more. In most instances the content of gluten was less than in the original seed. In one or two cases it was greater. In addition to the study of the gluten content, as has been men- tioned, a complete analysis of the wheat was made; sections were also made for microscopical examination for the purpose of showing any alteration in the character of the grain itself. When the extent of these variations has been carefully determined and the causes which produce the variations ascertained, in so far as possible, valuable practical deductions can be drawn which will help scientific farmers to a certain extent to control the content of gluten as well as of other valuable materials in the crop. Since for bread making and macaroni making the content of gluten is of the utmost importance, it is evident that the value of a wheat in the market can be greatly increased if some practical method of maintaining and increasing the gluten content can be devised. INVESTIGATION OF INSECTICIDES. In collaboration with the Division of Entomology, the determination of the chemical constituents of the insecticides sold throughout the United States was continued and completed, in so far as we are able tosecure the samples. It is believed that we have secured, through the collaboration of the Division of Entomology, asample of every insecti- cide which is made in any quantity in the United States. Some remarkable facts have been brought out in this investigation. The most important to the farmer, from the practical point of view, is that many of the so-called insecticides contain only a mere trace, or none at all, of insect-killing drugs or poisons. In many others where poisonous principles were present we found them so diluted and adulterated with inert materials as to greatly lessen their value for the purpose for which they were sold, without correspondingly diminishing their price to the consumer. It is not right that a farmer should risk his potatoes, tobacco, or other crops subject to insect ravages by reason of the worthless character of the insecti- cide which he ‘purchases. While there is no National law regulating the subject, it is believed that an investigation of this kind will awaken the interest of farmers throughout the country to the neces- sity of at least enacting State laws for their local protection, eventu- ally leading to a National law which will make the State laws more effective and the protection to the farmer more certain. It is, of course, evident that the only object of adding inert sub- stances to insecticides is to increase weight without correspondingly diminishing the selling price. There can be no objection to the dilut- ing of a powerful insecticide with some inert substance for the pur- pose of rendering its action less vigorous, and thus preventing its injur- ing the crop. In such a case, howe ever, every package of insecticide as “sold should bear a plainly ‘printed label on which the character of the diluent and the amount thereof employed are distinctly set forth. The purchaser, then, would not be the victim of a fraud, and if he should not care to purchase a cheapened article, thus described, he could simply invest in other and more powerful remedial agents. The results of this investigation have been prepared for publication in two forms: One, a Farmers’ Bulletin, in which some of the general principles relating to the composition of insecticides are set forth, DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. 99 with illustrations of adulteration given by numerous citations from the work done in the Division; the other giving in more technical form full details of the work, describing the methods employed and the analytical data obtained and soon to be submitted as one of the tech-. nical publications of this Bureau. SOIL STUDIES. The studies of soils, in relation to their composition as affecting plant growth and the nature and character of the microorganisms which they contain, authorized by Congress, have been pushed steadily forward. The magnitude of this work has been described in previous reports. It is only proper to add, however, a brief statement of what was done during the year. After five years of experimentation, the soils were thoroughly steril- ized so as to destroy adventitious ferments, and the proper ferments were added to the sterilized soils by seeding the pots with some solu- tion of soil taken from a very fertile spot. The pots were thus pre- pared for a new series of determinations which it is proposed to carry forward during the coming five years. The data of the first five years have now been collected and are ready for publication in the following particulars: (1) The chemical composition of the soils, as determined by all the standard methods. (2) The available plant food in the soils as determined, first, by all the ordinary chemical methods; and, second, by the quantities of plant food removed from the soil during a period of five years, with two crops each year, making a total of ten crops. (3) The relation of available fertility in the soil to the production of crops, studied by a new method devised in the Division, whereby the soil is subjected to the solvent action of a very weak solution of hydrochloric acid, at a temperature of 40°, for a definite period of time. This late method of treatment has been more successful in estab- lishing the relation between the availability of plant food in the soil, as determined by chemical analysis, and the actual crop produced than any other method now in vogue. The data obtained in this way so far relate solely to the availability of the phosphoric acid and pot- ash. For the purpose of including the nitrogen content of the soil in these investigations a new series has been commenced, in which all three of the elements mentioned, viz, phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen, will be taken into consideration in the discussion of the problem. The importance of this investigation will only be fully appreciated when, in case the laboratory data are borne out by practice in the field, it can be shown that a full and speedy soil survey, from a chem- ical point of view, can be made of a field without the elaborate and time-consuming investigations which heretofore such studies have required. COMPOSITION AND ADULTERATION OF FOODS. During the year the chief part of the work done in this direction was in the investigation of preserved foods, preserved meats, espe- cially canned meats of all kinds, and the delicatessen of animal origin kept in high-grade grocery stores. In order to have a solid scientific basis for these investigations, fresh meats were secured, their compo- sition determined, and then the meats canned in the ordinary way. After a time the cans were opened and the meats they contained 100 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. subjected to chemical examination. By this method a direct compari- son was secured between the great number of meat products exam- ined and the original fresh products from which they were made. The amount of chemical work involved in this examination was of great magnitude, and the bulletin containing the data of this work will consequently be of a bulkynature. It is now ready for submittal. An elaborate investigation was also made of the character of horse meat, with the object of determining whether or not it is sold sur- reptitiously in this country for beef and also to determine whether or not when mixed with other meats, as in the instance of making sau- sage, the parts derived from the horse could in any way be identified. The two obvious methods of procedure which would be naturally sug- gested in this case were followed, viz, (1) microscopic examination of the meat fibers and (2) determination of the chemical composition of the mixtures. ‘To this end mixtures of horse meat with other meats in known proportions were made, converted into sausage, and after- wards given to the analysts without their knowledge of its contents for the purpose of determining whether or not horse meat was con- tained therein. The microscopic efforts in this line were futile, since it was not possible to discover with certainty the fibers due to horse meat in a mixture of that meat with certain other forms previously subjected to the vigorous action of the sausage grinder. In the study of the chemical composition as a means of discrimina~- ting between horse meat and other kinds of flesh, more favorable results were obtained. The meat of the horse contains quite a large quantity of a sugar-producing substance known as glycogen. Other common edible meats, with the exception of the meat of the lobster, crab, and crayfish, contain only small quantities of this substance. It is evi- dent, therefore, that a determination of glycogen in a mixture would be a valuable indication in regard to the origin of the meats therein in-so far as the horse is concerned. When the elucidation of this problem was begun, however, it was discovered that none of the accepted standards of examination was satisfactory. It was, there- fore, first of all necessary to develop, by modification and otherwise, a method of determining glycogen in horse meat which was reasona- bly accurate. This, happily, was accomplished, and we were then able to detect the presence of horse meat in a mixture, provided the amount thereof was not reduced to too low a percentage. Working with the greatest care, it is believed that as little as 10 per cent of horseflesh with beef can be detected with certainty by the methods used in this laboratory and described in full in the forthcoming bulle- tin above referred to. Not only is it possible to use the glycogen content for the purpose of detecting a mixture of horse meat in sausages, but the iodin num- ber of the fat is also valuable. The iodin absorption of the fat of horse meat is very distinctly higher than that of beef, when both are determined in the fresh state, and this is an additional evidence on which a discrimination between the two can be based. In the ease of smoked meats, however, this number is not so valu- able, since it has been found that in the fat of beef after smoking, the iodin number is markedly higher than it was before. INVESTIGATION OF IMPORTED FOODS. Under renewed authority from Congress, the work of the inves- tigation of the character of imported foods was carried on during DIVISION OF OHEMISTRY. 101 the year, and the reports of these investigations have been confiden- tially submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture. The value of the data which have been obtained in this way, however, is so great as to warrant the belief that their publication would be advisable. The scope of this investigation has been very broad, including wines and beers, dairy products, especially cheeses, salad oils, delicatessen of all kinds, preserved fruits, jellies, jams and marmalades, and. in fact, nearly every article of food imported. These data would be so valuable to the food chemists of this country and to food experts in general, if published, that I am led to recommend their collection into a form proper for publication as a bulletin of the Bureau of Chemistry. INVESTIGATION OF FOODS INTENDED FOR EXPORT. Congress has authorized the Secretary of Agriculture, through the Division of Chemistry, to inspect food products intended for export to foreign countries where chemical and physical tests are required of foods offered for sale. Unfortunately, Congress gave no appro- priation for carrying this work into effect, and therefore it has not been possible to institute the control contemplated by the act. Full preparation, however, has been made for the inception and prose- eution of this work whenever the funds are forthcoming, and as a preliminary step a careful study of the foreign laws regulating the sale of foods has been made. The results of this investigation were published as Bulletin No. 61 of the Division of Chemistry. Export- ers of foods interested in knowing to what tests their exports will be subjected in foreign countries can ascertain them by applying to the Secretary of Agriculture for a copy of the bulletin mentioned. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINES, CIDERS, AND OTHER FERMENTED BEVERAGES. Work has been continued during the year, in collaboration with the viticultural associations of the country, in a study of the composition of American wines. This work was particularly opportune in conse- quence of the exhibition of a large number of standard American wines at the World’s Fair in Paris. Not only were our own wine makers gratified, but the wine growers of EKurope were somewhat astonished at the fine showing made by our wines in Paris. More than 90 per cent of ali the samples exhibited received awards. When it is remembered that only about 40 per cent of the objects exhibited received recognition, this high number for our own wines is extremely flattering. Among the awards was a large percentage of gold and silver medals, and, in one instance, an American wine was marked the highest possible number below that which would have entitled it to the grand prize, viz, 18 on a seale of 20. Had it not been that the particular wine in question bore as parts of its label names indicative of foreign origin it is probable that it would have received the grand prize. Not only the American still wines, but, what is more surprising, the American sparkling wines received very high awards. When it is borne in mind that the jury was composed almost exclusively of for- eigners, having only two American representatives, and that there was a certain trade prejudice against American wines, this high rating becomes the more noteworthy. In connection with this study a special agent of the Department was 102 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. commissioned to go into the wine districts of southern France for the purpose of studying particularly the methods of vinification employed and to ascertain whether or not any adulterations were practiced. sets so aeee | pene | ee Louisiana - ieeasthne tee 1, 000 1, 000 640, 000 Maryland -_-_--- 5 1,187 625 1,762 | 1,127,680 Massdchn setts es sisson ee ee cee a ee eee eee 155 155 99, Michigan-.------ ae BD | ass2 ss-a-see|Ss-2-ssec- ooo eee # NOW JOUSCY.. =< 2222. 5ss5.2-220n22 stokes le uses ssee coweed Cea ece eee eee ee ee ee INO WIG x1 CO pines tees: = se abe aeie = Setoree pees eee See oo cee eee 100 100 64, 000 New York---_-_-- ~ 20" 122 2. fe eoea| aeetan eens aaseee eee North Carolina -- oe at AL PRN PAE ns Cae 1, 700 100 1,800 | 1, 152, 000 ORC er Se ee Ee ee ee ASO Wee oer 480 307, 200 Pennsylvania l2 ss: a eee 320 100 420 268, 800 *TMEnnessee: sa. cea eo. - see Ae oe sewn ee eee eee ne se eeac beseeeeuens Loenbeh tess ps2 ae acee eee PINOXGS oon So oP Fo oS ee iain i ee me ee ete ae | eee | re ee | ee Wibalh Peeks Ae OP ERA ee ee eS SE SE Sete A see 457 311 768 491,520 Wir cinia $22220 fe Aes = ver sts oer she Sr Oe ae, 2o0 i zsscees See 250 f IWiashin ot on tenses coco e ene ee ee ee ee eed 70) I eee ae 301 19%, 640 BN teal eS Ae nce EN Pee ae hae Paine od Age eee! 5,596 3, 486 9, 082 B,8 812, 480 Norte.—Field work in Michigan and New York was started on June 15, but the areas sur- veyed in this fiscal year were too small to report upon the cost of the work, and they have not been included in the total. The preparations for the States marked with an asterisk (*) were all made in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, but the field work was actually started from the Ist to the 3d of July. There is an increase of 2,200 square miles (or 60 per cent) surveyed over the preceding year, although the cost per square mile of the work in the field was just about the same. This increased area is due to the better training of the men and to the better organization of the work, enabling the parties to remain in the field for a longer time and reducing the cost of the preparation of the reports. The number of field parties and the personnel were the same, except that in the Statesville and Prince George areas the men were brought together on the Ist of April in order to train some new assistants. The following table gives the details of the areas surveyed and the cost in each district in which work was carried on during the fiscal year Area surveyed and mapped, and cost of same, during fiscal year ended June 30, 1901. Cost. shes Area ge surveyed. Total, |Per square 7 mile. Sq. miles. | Dollars.| Dollars. Tuancastern area Lennsy Vania! s<~ 3. 2-5 eee ee ease eee eee 176 381 2.24 ebanoniares. Pennsylvania 2-220 cae ee eee 150 291 1.94 Prince George'Countys Mae oe 8 a eee eee ae 460 1,569 3.41 Rent County, o Widen eacat on cce sere coc conan ae oes See eee eee 315 243 hf Calvert County, Wrolisita tbl Pel: yc. CR eee yee ee 218 416 1.91 Bt. Mary County Wid eases eoee eee a ee SE ee 144 161 1.12 DIVISION OF SOILS. 115 Area surveyed and mapped, and cost of same, ete.—Continued. Cost. See Area . District. surveyed. Total Per Ee | mile. Sq. miles. | Dollars. | Dollars. Be LOn GL OTT Y sa Viet ea sence = eae ee eee ey ee a Se as 250 468 1.87 Statesville area, North Carolina - 2 ae See o eee 800 1, 824 2.28 PAleish bOyNOWDOETAIN =: Cena Lee ee re eA Oh a OSS 900 825 - 90 Montgomery County, (0) 00 (cee oe eet a a ae 480 571 1.19 Seve ra Villoya Uther ce ene a ee ee Sen ee EEE SEE Ths 3. 150 643 4.29 \Wveloere Cloning WG ee Beas! bee gee Se ee 307 663 2.16 HWresmonurond i OaliLOnniaws = o> ee en Bot ee ee gS: 1%5 413 2.36 Orange County. Cals ao ae ee ee ae eee nee 300 678 2. 26 Hantord area @alifonnians sss)! be nee ins ee a tie 216 922 4,27 San Gabriel Valley, oR arnine = te Oak Cees eee kd pe 260 624 2.40 Wakimaaren. Washington - 225 552 222S Se eee ae eed she 84 281 3. 34 Sunnysidovarea: Washington ..- 5-2 22222... -- esa ss cee tcataz see =t 217 336 | 1.55 oLalsand average: 2252) Sc 1Sks aie A a ee 5, 596 11,309 2.00 PAPOASUPVGY CO 2 o5 552-2 Joscnsn os Nee aN 8, 828.88 22.2 NYICSCORITSOM SULVOV yee dee he te O DOOD 23.6 39, 842. 10 100 It will be seen from this statement that the expenses of the admin- istrative office, including the salary of the chief and of all the clerks, together with the incidental expenses, amounted to about 25 per cent of the whole appropriation; the laboratories each cost some- thing less than $6,000, or about 15 per cent; the tobacco investigations about $5,000, or 14 per cent, while the soil-survey work took about 46 per cent of the appropriation. In all, upward of 60 per cent of the appropriation was expended for the tobacco investigations and the soil survey, carried on almost exclusively in the field and in a number of States. The amount of work done and the results accomplished, it 140 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. is believed, fully justify the expenditure of the money, as well as the reorganization into a bureau and the increase in the appropriation for the work of the new Bureau of Soils. ADDITIONAL ROOM ACQUIRED. In my last report I calied attention to the impossibility of provid- ing for the work of the Division of Soils without additional room. Congress has accordingly increased the limit for the rent of buildings, and arrangements have been made for the removal of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology from the adjoining offices, which will then be occupied by the Bureau. While this will provide room for our immediate needs, it has seemed necessary to ask for a further increase in the limit to be paid for rent, as it is likely that larger quarters will be required in the near future. CLERICAL WORK. The publications of the Division during the fiscal year consisted of two reports, three bulletins, two Yearbook articles, and one miscella- neous paper, aggregating in all 279 pages. The ‘‘ Report on the field operations of the Division of Soils, 1900” (473 pages), was completed for the press, but the issue, as already explained, has been delayed. This, added to the above, will bring the total up to 752 pages, against 558 pages last year. Correspondence has largely increased, and ‘about 3,000 replies to letters were sent out. The soil collection was increased by 765 samples during the year, making a total of 5,523 samples, which have all been catalogued; 640 mechanical and 150 chemical analyses were made during the year, and the results catalogued in a convenient form for reference; 465 photographic negatives were added to the collection, making a total of 831, illustrating the soil condi- tions and problems, all of them having been catalogued. A small library of soil literature maintained by the Division has received 281 volumes and pamphlets during the year, which have been classified and catalogued. The librar us now contains 1,921 books pertaining to soils. The Division now has 2,652 maps of various kinds, which have been catalogued, a part of them as base maps for possible use in the extension of the soil survey, and part of them as records of soil work in this and other countries. CONCLUSION. In presenting this, the last report of the Division of Soils, together with some of the plans for the new Bureau of Soils, it will be ‘allow- able to point with just pride to the phenomenal growth of the work of soil investigations from its inception six years ago as a subor- dinate division of the Weather Bureau into a bureau of itself, well organized and equipped to carry on the larger sphere of work made possible by the increased appropriation; alsoto contemplate with con- siderable satisfaction the results accomplished, especially in this last year, with a very moderate expenditure of the public funds. The work has received a very general and cordial appreciation, and has met the supreme test of the Department, practical utility and mate- rial benefit to the tiller of the soil. Nor can I conelude without warm words of commendation for my principal assistants and their subor- dinates and an acknowledgment of the zeal and energy with which each one has contributed to the success of the year’s work. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, Washington, D. C., August 10, 1901. Str: I submit herewith an executive report covering operations in the Division of Entomology for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, dividing it, in accordance with the directions contained in your ecir- cular letter of July 8, into the following sections: (1) A brief review of the operations carried on during the fiscal year 1901. (2) An outline of the plans proposed for the work of this Division for the fiscal year 1902, under appropriations already made for that year. (3) Suggestions as to work recommended for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, for use in preparing estimates. Respectfully, L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. The amount appropriated by Congress for entomological investiga- tions (aside from salaries appropriated for by the statutory roll) was $22,500. Outof thisamount there was expended the sum of $22,206.76, leaving an unexpended balance covered into the Treasury of $293.24. The main items of expense may be grouped as follows: Salaries of investigators and other employees, stationed for the most part in Washington, D. C., $16,384.59; salaries of field agents, $913; miscel- laneous office supplies and expenses, $2,327.64; traveling expenses, $2,184.33; illustrations, $397.20. Of the salaries for employees, the amount expended for expert scientific assistants has been $12,144.59, and for clerical and other assistants, $4,240. The work of the Division may be classified, as in former years, under the following heads: (a) Investigations upon specific injurious insects or groups of insects. (b) Experimental work with remedies. (c) Determination of specimens sent in by the entomologists of the State experiment stations and by other workers. (d) General investigations of the life histories of injurious insects. (e) Work on the geographical distribution of the injurious insects of the United States. (f) Bibliographie work. (g) Preparation of circulars of information. (h) Correspondence. a 142 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. (7) Work upon the exhibit of insects for the Pan-American Expo- sition. (j) Work in apiculture. Briefly summarized, the work of the Division under each of these heads has been as follows: (a) INVESTIGATIONS UPON SPECIFIC INJURIOUS INSECTS OR GROUPS OF INSECTS. WORK ON INSECTS FROM ABROAD, The most striking result in this branch of work which has been achieved has been referred to in its different stages of progress in the last two reports. This is the introduction and establishment of the fig-fertilizing insect (Blastophaga grossorum) from Algeria into California, where it was practically used for the fertilization of the large orchard of Smyrna figs at Fresno. An assistant was.sent to Fresno in the spring of 1900, and remained there throughout the season, making observations which completely cleared up the life history of the insect and resulted in the ascertaining of important facts previously unknown, although in southern Europe the insect had been known and studied for very many years. This assistant also took active part in the practical work of han- dling the insect and fertilizing the Smyrna fig crop. The results exceeded the most sanguine expectations. A very large crop of Smyrna figs was raised, dried, and placed upon the market in the autumn of 1900. Tests made by chemists and by fruit experts showed that not only were these California-raised Smyrna figs fully equal to the imported product, but that they contained a larger percentage of sugar. In the opinion of those well qualified to judge, they possessed a superior flavor and were cleaner and more attractive in general appearance. The experience gained during the summer and autumn of 1900 enabled the work, during the spring and early summer ofe 1901, to be earried on to much better advantage. The insect hibernated success- fully, in many instances without artificial shelter over the trees, and the prospects for the crop of the season of 1901 at Fresno indicate that the output will be more than four times as great as that of the summer of 1900, and last year’s experience in preparation for the mar- ket will improve the quality of the product. The fertilizing insect has been thoroughly established at Niles, Cal., where observations have been. carried on throughout the whole fiscal year by agents of the Division, and it has also been established at several other points. The Division holds itself in readiness to fur- nish a supply of the insects to any fig grower after he has sueceeded in raising to the bearing stage caprifig trees and Smyrna fig trees. Mr. George C. Roeding, the proprietor of the large orchard at Fresno, went to Smyrna in the spring of 1901 for the purpose of studying the methods in use in that country, under commission from this Department. i 17 oi { id ie { ri i 4 ; ( my if} ‘ $/ ‘ ; ale & tee I< . . le * Cie ng : ek : r rece mith ge. 1G Hay wo! Fan fv ati ee ROT neo Math ates Te BU ney. Fee if i : i E ; ‘5 oa | 1Hi ible ‘ta rf ie ek ult einai varies bigati ir fy Oa) FES: FOES Te | ra; © te ee a (am) / . ’ j : Ei 2238 3 a Fa ares - q a i : a7 : fits y lie ' Deer i a, Gi . y ; . , . : 7 itt’ “dada . ¢ i» , } : Lie Pra te on - ; sj f< Catt * } ites oan : ; ; SUS inh re iat j ; ; j ee 8 2, ; . £9. eo FEES ‘ Ded teas eee pee ) SAT Hive series SIO ipaedd ‘os : iW Dt tare tet 8) OW Ae ee Pare Piyt ve i . “ Saf } ‘ FE ¢ ru Width 8} eteaey Ptey .- - : — ay Gelh tenet ; hy} ( ; cf , Pie Piven uae foe} +i oy, enon 4 iii Oy HOG. “ASL ee itor ak 3, iY ek ee eit POT ott TOONS AN OM ae 1 RTS aan ist ae +1 - “ ire Lee ad { FT i Lat j - gi eS) a ie é ‘7. REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN. U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN, Washington, D. C., August 29, 1901. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith the executive report of the Library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901. Respectfully, JOSEPHINE A. CLARK, Labrarian. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. ACCESSIONS TO THE LIBRARY. During the past year the accessions to the Library have numbered over 4,000 books and pamphlets. These accessions have included many reference books of especial value in the work of the Depart- ment and a large number of scientific periodicals. The following are among the most noteworthy acquisitions to the Library during the year: Martius’s Historia naturalis Palmarum, 3 folio volumes, fully illustrated; the latest edition of Beilstein’s Handbuch der organischen Chemie, a standard work in chemistry; Doubleday and Westwood’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, 2 volumes, and Leech’s Butterflies from China, Japan, and Korea, 3 volumes, both of which works are richly illustrated by colored plates. Archiv fiir Zoologie und Zootomie, 1800-1805, Der Naturforscher, 27 volumes, 1774-1793, and Belgique horticole, 35 volumes, completing the Library copy, are among the valuable additions to the periodicals. Atthe sale of the library of the noted naturalist Henri Milne-Edwards, in Paris, over sixty works on zoology were obtained, many of which are rarely available for pur- chase. To the class of books on gardening such publications as Gardens Old and New, Cook’s The Century Book of Gardening, and Henderson’s Picturesque Gardens have been added. PERIODICALS. The periodicals and serial publications currently received by pur- chase and by exchange number considerably over 2,000. These pub- lications include farm papers, technical scientific journals, and serial publications of learned societies from all parts of the world. The widespread distribution of the Department publications on condition of exchange has materially enlarged the collections of foreign serials during the past few years. This class of accessions to the Library is the largest and it is the most valuable in the current work of the Department. 171 72 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. CATALOGUE. The cataloguing of the Library has progressed more rayidly than before on account of the increased number of cataloguers. The ‘‘ Cata- logue of periodicals and other serial publications in the Library of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,” which has been completed the past year, is the most important work in special cataloguing which has beendone. This catalogue comprises entries for over 4,000 period- icals and serials, and is the beginning of a printed subject catalogue, which will appear in parts in a series of Library bulletins. In addition to the regular work on the catalogue two reference lists on special subjects have been in progress; one list comprises refer- ences to publications on irrigation and land drainage, and the other, references to publications on tobacco, both of which will soon be completed and appear as Library bulletins. REFERENCE WORK. _ The enrollment of scientific aids and student assistaats in the Department to pursue special lines of work and study has largely increased the amount of reference work in the Library; also certain col- lections in the Library which are more nearly complete than are to be found elsewhere in the country have afforded assistance to scientists at a distance, who have been engaged in special investigations and mono- graphic work. Many teachers and pupils of the public schools in Washington have availed themselves of the privilege of consulting works in the Library, especially those on natural history. PUBLICATIONS. The quarterly bulletins of accessions to the Library have been regu- larly issued, comprising about 100 printed pages. The ‘‘ Card index to the Department publications” has been continued, but, on account of the limited funds for printing, the issues have been few in number, a fact to be regretted, inasmuch as this publication has proved to be a valuable key to the Department publications and has led to more eareful arrangement and preservation of these documents for pub- lic use. BINDING. The preparation of books for binding has been kept up to meet the current needs. The number of books bound, 814, included chiefly periodicals, since it has been necessary to make a selection from the large number of volumes awaiting binding. A lack of available funds has prevented the necessary binding of a great number of works, not- withstanding the fact that the preservation of many of these is endan- gered by delay in binding. RELATION OF THE LIBRARY TO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND EXPERIMENT STATIONS. There are several ways in which the Department Library could be more closely related to the agricultural colleges and experiment sta- tions than heretofore. This collection of books and pamphlets on agriculture and allied subjects being the largest in the country, and THE LIBRARY. 173 containing many works too expensive for each agricultural college to buy, could be made more often available to special workers in these colleges. This class of workers should be the next to be benefited by the use of the Library after the employees of the Department, whenever it can be done without interference with the work of the Department. It would extend the usefulness of the Library, and it would be appreciated by those aided in their researches. Again, the duplicate copies of many publications which accumulate from year to year in all large libraries could be exchanged between this Library and the libraries of agricultural colleges and experiment stations to the advantage of both. i a ri } r Lv DTG + Fig Srey ; eae) a edie ar . : ; ; aft vat . thane / t ) : rf if a Har ) ats: ; ti em y Ms : att LE sit} ““s ; Bi yh iat ats 4) OLS My ee 4 ae SR lags Ca “loam ell eres) bi $15 ir wth Y NGS Zoe ri vt ; ifr sity te i | . =" Pi. : ra ‘4 a aa | . a REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS, Washington, D. C., September 14, 1901. Str: I have the honor to present herewith the report of the Office of Experiment Stations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901.» Respectfully, A. C. TRUE, Director. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS. DIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORK OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. During the past year the work of the Office of Experiment Stations has continued to increase by the addition of new enterprises and the further development of those previously undertaken. Agricultural experiment stations, under the direct management of this Office, have been established in Hawaii and Porto Rico. Both the nutrition and irrigation investigations have been conducted on a larger scale than in previous years. The amount of material prepared for publication during the year has exceeded that for any similar period since the establishment of the Office. Unusual opportunities have been afforded for the study of the more general problems relating to the organization and development of agricultural education and research, and there is good reason for believing that along the lines already laid the Office may be able in the future to enlarge its usefulness in promoting these important interests. Besides closing up the work connected with the collective experiment station exhibit made at Paris, this Office has performed considerable labor in the remodeling of this exhibit and its installation at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo. With other expositions already in sight, it now seems likely that exhibit work may become a regular function of the Office, for which provision will have to be made in planning its operations from year to year. To meet its new responsibilities, the organization of the Office has been extended in accordance with the plan previously adopted. ‘The present division and assignment of the work of the Office are as fol- lows: (1) Relations with American and foreign institutions for agri- cultural education and research, including the supervision of the expenditures of the agricultural experiment stations in the United States, in immediate charge of the Director; (2) the Experiment Station Record, in charge of the assistant director, Dr. E. W. Allen; 175 176 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. (3) Experiment Station Work and miscellaneous publications of the Office, in charge of Mr. W. H. Beal; (4) division of routine business, in charge of Mrs. C. E. Johnston; (5) Alaska Agricultural Experi- ment Station, in charge of Prof. CAC. Georgeson, “with headquarters at Sitka; (6) Hawaii “Agricultural Experiment Station, in charge of Mr. Jared G. Smith, with headquarters at Honolulu; (7) Porto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, in charge of Mr. Frank D. Gard- ner, with headquarters at San Juan; (8) nutrition investigations, in charge of Prof. W. O. Atwater, with headquarters at Middletown, Conn.; (9) irrigation investigations, in charge of Prof. Elwood Mead. As hitherto, certain officers connected with the force at Washington, D..C., have been charged with promoting the interests of our more important outside enterprises as a regular part of their official busi- ness. Thus, Dr. C. F. Langworthy is our local representative for the nutrition investigations, and Dr. Walter H. Evans for the experiment stations in Alaska, Porto Rico, and Hawaii. With the development of the irrigation investigations it has been found necessary and desirable to transfer the headquarters of Professor Mead, the expert in charge, to Washington, D. C., leaving Mr. C. T. Johnston in charge of the station for the supervision of field work maintained at Chey- enne, Wyo. As far as practicable the organization of the Office has been put on the same footing as that of other branches of the Department having complex functions. In this way the development of its organization has been made to conform to the prevalent movement within the Department, which has recently led to its partial reorganization under a bureau system. As it seems clear that this Office has become and is likely to remain one of the main divisions of the Department, it is only just that this fact should be formally recognized either by making it a bureau or by recognizing it as of equal rank with a bureau without changing its name. As regards the future development of the Office, it seems to me desirable that its funetions should be restricted for the most part to those of a kind of clearing house for the institutions for agricultural education and research at home and abroad, and to the management of the agricultural experiment stations directly maintained by the Federal Government. Its chief business should be (1) to study the general problems involved in the organization and management of various kinds of institutions for the discovery of new knowledge which may be applied to the benefit of agriculture and for the diffu- sion of such knowledge among our agr icultural people, and (2) to col- late for publication the results of the work of agricultural institutions at home and abroad. To this would naturally “be added such admin- istrative duties as Congress may devolve upon this Department relating to the supervision of national funds appropriated for the maintenance of agricultural experiment stations or to the direct man- agement of such stations under Federal authority. In the past it has been deemed expedient to give this Office general supervision of cer- tain special investigations which were to be carried on largely in con- nection with colleges and experiment stations. While administrative reasons may justify this procedure in some cases, it is not in my judgment desirable that this practice should be followed to an extent which would make the Office permanently responsible for the conduct of a considerable variety of such investigations. In view of the fact that questions relating to the reorganization of this Department are now being discussed, I desire to raise the question whether the time . OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Hays has not already come for separating from this Office the important enterprise which has been organized within it as the irrigation inves- tigations. These investigations are now well established and seem likely to be a permanent partof the business of this Department. / In my judgment they form a sufficient basis on which to create a new bureau, corresponding to one of the great general divisions of agri- cultural science, namely, rural engineering. There are many prob- lems connected with the layi ing out of farms and other rural estates, as well as parks, which this Department would do well to consider. Among these are questions relating to systems of drainage, water supply and sewage, terracing and other methods for preventing wash- ing of land, landscaping, etc. Moreover, problems relating to farm buildings, implements, and machinery should be studied by the Department. In this country relatively little attention has thus far been given to agricultural engineering and many of its branches have hitherto been almost entirely neglected by this Department. I can not, however, see any good reason for further delay in taking up these important matters, and believe that an efficient Bureau of Rural Engineering would accomplish results of great usefulness. By continuation of his detail to the Division of Botany, Dr. E. V. Wilcox completed his part of the investigation on the effects of poison- ous plants on sheep feeding on the ranges of Montana and prepared a report thereon which has been published in Bulletin No. 26 of that Division. He also prepared an article on the same subject for the report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1900. During the pres- ent summer he has been detailed to the Bureau of Forestry to aid in conducting an investigation on the effects of grazing sheep in the forests of Wyoming. Mr. D. W. May was detailed for some time to the Divi- sion of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, where, in connection with Dr. Loew, he made an investigation on the physiological relations of lime to magnesia in plant production, an account of which will appear ina forthcoming bulletin of that Division. Under advice of his physician, Mr. V. A. Clark felt compelled to change his residence from Washington, and after a short period of service in our irrigation office at Cheyenne, Wyo., he left our service, to our great regret. The irrigation investigations suffered a severe loss in the death of Col. E. 8. Nettleton, whose service as an irrigation engineer in public and private capacities for many years had been an important factor in the establishment of the great irrigation system of the West. The establishment of the experiment stations in Alaska, Porto Rico, and Hawaii, the broader and more intimate relations sustained with experiment stations in this country and abroad (now numbering in the aggregate about 800 stations and kindred institutions), and the enlargement of our efforts for the promotion of agricultural educa- tion have caused a material increase in the general business of the Office and necessitated the employment of some additional clerical and expert service. There is, moreover, considerable additional work imposed upon the Washington office in connection with the super- vision of the stations in Alaska, Porto Rico, and Hawaii. To meet the necessities of this extra work the regular appropriation for the maintenance of this Office should be increased to $35,000. In addition to this, I recommend an appropriation of $5,000 be asked for to enable this Office to undertake the work connected with the promotion of the farmers’ institute system in this country, as suggested on page 195 of this report. AGR 1901——12 178 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. RELATIONS WITH AMERICAN AND FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS FOR AGRI- CULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. The general features of the work of the Office involved in its rela- tions with American and foreign institutions for agricultural eduea- tion and research, in immediate charge of the Director, have remained essentially as heretofore and may be conveniently described under the following heads: (a) Agricultural experiment stations in the United States; (b) American institutions for agricultural education; (c) Asso- ciation of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations; and, (d) foreign institutions for agricultural education and research. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. ADVISORY RELATIONS WITH THE STATIONS. The functions of this Office in its advisory relations with the stations in the different States and Territories continue to grow in importance and to involve a larger amount and variety of work. The importance attached to the advice and assistance of this Office in many matters relating to the business of the stations is shown not only by an inerease in the correspondence on these subjects, but also by more frequent calls for personal conferences between station officers and representa- tives of this Office. Through the regular annual visitation of the stations, the meetings of the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, and the increasing number of visits of “station officers to this Department the relations between this Office and the stations are becoming more and more intimate. While this makes it necessary to devote a ‘larger amount of time and energy to this branch of our work, it is believed that the importance of the service thus ren- dered fully ‘justifies all the attention given to it. Indeed, it would undoubtedly be still more profitable if more time could be given to visiting the stations and studying the problems which they i respec- tively have to meet. In particular, recent experience has shown that it would be well if the representatives of this Office could come into closer touch with the governing boards of the stations. If an arrangement could be made by which a representative of the Office could attend at least one meeting of the board of control in each State and Territory each year, it is believed that much good might result. This could not, however, be accomplished without an arrange- ment of our business which would involve the devotion of consid- erably more time than is now taken for the visitation of the stations. This would carry with it some addition to our working force. As it is, the boards of control of a considerable number of our stations are not thoroughly acquainted with the views of this Department regard- ing the management of the stations, and do not clearly understand the relations of the individual stations to the system of agricultural research in this country. This isa great hindrance to the progress of our stations and at present constitutes one of the most serious diffi- eulties in their management. With a view to bringing out more clearly the results of experience in the planning and conducting of different lines of station work, this Office proposes to take up from time to time special features of station work and make a report thereon, which will bring out the different methods of operation pursued at different stations. For example, data are now being collected respecting the operations of the stations OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 179 in plant production (agronomy), which will show the extent of such operations at the different stations as well as the methods pursued in this line of work. It is hoped that such a comparative view of these subjects will be useful in promoting more careful planning of work, more thorough study of methods, and a better correlation of the work of the different stations. Many of our most efficient station officers are convinced that much more attention should be given to the corre- lation of station work, with a view to the prevention of duplication and the promotion of a more systematic method of attacking agricul- tural problems. Without doubt there is here an opportunity for the profitable extension of the operations of this Office, but this can not be done without some increase in its resources. In some ways the past year has been a notable one in the progress of agricultural research in this country. The results of practical importance already attained have inspired the publie with such confi- dence in the value of this kind of investigation that Congress and the State legislatures have been unusually liberal to this Depar tment and the experiment stations. At the same time business enterprises requiring scientific and expert knowledge and skill for their most sue- cessful management have been unusually prosperous. The managers of these enter, prises have awakened to a much clearer appreciation of the value of the services of such men as are most successful workers in our institutions in agricultural education and research. An increas- ing number of our best workers in these institutions have therefore been given very attractive offers from the business world. So many publie and private positions for well-trained and experienced workers in agricultural science and research have been opened that in some lines the demand has outrun the supply. This has led to numerous changes in the personnel of our experiment stations, partly through the transfer of their officers to outside enterprises, and partly through the change of officers from one station to another on account of dif- ferences in salary and other attractions. This isa remarkable state of things, considering the length of time during which our stations have been in operation, and brings them face to face, in a measure, with the same difficulties which attended their earlier operations when, for different reasons, there was an inadequate supply of trained workers. Without doubt the enterprise of agricultural research in general has been much strengthened by this recent development, but boards of control would do well to remember that frequent changes of officers inevitably weaken a station’s operations and that they can not well afford to let thoroughly efficient workers go, especially in cases where small increases in salary or other comparatively trifling inducements would hold them. As the work of the experiment station makes a more definite impres- sion upon the public mind and is more clearly differentiated from that of the agricultural college as a whole, the State legislatures are called upon to make special appropriations for investigations by the stations. A notable example of this was the action of the recent legislature in Illinois, which appropriated $46,000 for the next two years to be expended as follows: Experiments with corn, $10,000; soil investigations, $10,000; investigations in horticulture, $10,000; experiments in stock feeding, $8,000; dairy experiments, $5,000, and sugar-beet experiments, $3,000. This is in line with the development of the stations as distinct departments of the agricultural colleges. As such, the stations are, without doubt, entitled to definite recogni- tion in the budgets of these institutions. A number of States have 180 i DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. recognized the value of the experiment stations by appropriations for substations. It is still, howeyer, an open question whether appro- priations for special investigations which may be conducted in differ- ent localities, according to circumstances, would not be more advan- tageous to agriculture than local substations. There has recently been good progress in the recognition of the experiment station as a distinct unit within the college by the pro- vision of separate buildings or parts of buildings for the exclusive use of the station. In Nebraska a building costing $35,000 has been erected for the use of the experiment station. At the Louisiana State station a new laboratory building has been devoted exclusively to station purposes. In Pennsylvania a separate building for investi- gations on animals with the respiration calorimeter has been erected. In Alabama a new analytical laboratory has been provided for the station. In Illinois, Michigan, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Kansas separate offices and laboratories for the station have been reserved in buildings erected for the use of the college. In this way material additions have been made, the facilities for sta- tion work in a number of States have been improved, and the impor- tance of the station as a distinct department of the college has been greatly enhanced. During the past year the office of director of the station has been separated from that of president of the college or university in four States—Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and North Carolina. In New Mexico and Tennessee, where the president retains the directorship, a vice-director has been appointed to have general charge of station business. In South Dakota the president of the college has recently been made acting director of the station, but it is understood that this is only a temporary arrangement pending the election of a new director. In eleven States and Territories the college president at present performs the functions of director of the experiment station. In a number of instances newly appointed officers of the experi- ment stations have no duties as teachers in the college, and in other instances changes have been made by which the amount of teaching required of station officers has been materially reduced. Experience is each year showing more conclusively that if station officers are to accomplish the best results in agricultural investigations their research work must be made their primary business, before which routine duties of every kind must give way as the conditions of the original work demand. Our most successful stations are now man- aged on the principle that they constitute university departments of the colleges, that they are thus at the summit of our system of agri- cultural education, and that they must be managed on the same prin- ciples as the great scientific laboratories in the universities are con- ducted, that is, their officers must be the the best-trained experts in their respective lines, and they must be able to devote their time and energy quite fully to their investigations. They should not be expected to do any considerable amount of teaching, especially in the elements of the sciences. If they go into the class room at all, it should be rather to lay before advanced students the methods and results of the investigations which they are conducting. Undoubtedly, the financial exigencies of many of our agricultural colleges will for some time prevent the attainment of this ideal in station management, but we may reasonably expect that wherever increases in the resources of these institutions will permit, changes in this direction will be made in the management of the stations. (o.0) — OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ] SUPERVISION OF EXPENDITURES. The sixth annual examination of the work and expenditures of the agricultural experiment stations which receive the National funds appropriated under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887 (Hatch Act), with special reference to the fiseal year ended June 30, 1900, was made during the past year in accordance with the authority conferred upon the Secretary of Agriculture by Congress, and a report of this investi- gation was prepared for transmission to Congress, as required by law. This report was published as House Doce. No. 336 (Fifty-sixth Congress, second session), and a special edition was issued as Bulletin No. 93 of the Office of Experiment Stations and distributed to the governing boards and officers of the stations. As heretofore, the report was based upon three sources of informa- tion, viz, the annual financial statements of the stations, rendered on the schedules prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with the act of Congress; the printed reports and bulletins of the stations, and the reports of personal examinations of the work and expenditures of the stations made during the year by the Director, assistant director, and one other ¢ xpert officer of the Office of Experi- ment Stations. The sta‘tions in all the States and Territories have been visited since the previous report was transmitted to Congress. The following statements, taken from the report, indicate the general condition of the stations, especially in relation to the terms of the Hateh Act and the appropriation by Congress under that act: The work of the stations as related to practical agriculture.—In making our examination of the work of the experiment stations during the past year we have particularly inquired whether their operations are conducted with specia! reference to the agricultural needs of their respective States and Territories. The results of _ this inquiry are embodied in the accountstof the individual stations given in this report. From these it will be seen that by far the largest part of the work of our stations has direct relation to the important agricultural interests of the commu- nities in which they are loca:ed. The stations are, in fact, very responsive to the immediate demands of their farmer constituencies. Their greatest danger is not that they will undertake too much work of remote practical bearing, but that in the effort to meet the calls made upon them for immediate assistance they will attempt individually to cover more fields of investigation than the funds at their disposal will permit them to treat thoroughly. This temptation the stations gen- erally are, however, resisting more successfully as their work is becoming letter organized and their investigations are more carefully planned and supervised. The nature of their operations is also becoming better understood by the farmers, and the desirability of more thorough and far reaching investigations is much more appreciated than formerly. A broader and deeper foundation of svientific inquiry is being laid each year, and there is a constant accumulation of data regarding the general agricultural conditions of the different regions of the United States. The climate, soil, water supply, native and cultivated plants, injurious insects, fungi, and bacteria are being studied in more detail and with greater thoroughness than ever before. ‘The principles of nutrition of animals aid the causes of their diseases are being subjected to more elaborate and fundainental scrutiny. Methods of investigation and the improvement of apparatus for research are being given increased attention. Much of this work is done without jublic observation and in the intervais of other operations. Without doubt it should receive more definite recognition and encouragement. But it is a cause for con- gratulation that so much patient labor of this character is being performed by station officers, who, as a rule, are seeking to advance the boundaries of know!l- edge for useful ends and are not deterred by a multiplicity of duties from giving attention to the more fundamental concerns of agricultural science. And this work is having its effect on the more practical operations of our stations. ‘these are assuming amore substantial and systematic character and are being conducted with more definite relation to actual conditions. They have, therefore. a greater assurance of successful practical outcome. Questions relating to the introduction of plants or to the improvement of the live-stock industry in any region, for example, are now being investigated with a strict relation to the real requirements 182 - DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. of the agriculture of that region, which would have been impossible a few years ago. The present activity in plant breeding, as distinguished from the indiscrimi- nate testing of varieties, is a good examp!e of the raising of the level of experiment- station work as applied to directly practical ends. The plant breeder now sets definitely before him the kind of variety needed by the farmer in a given region or for a given purpose and applies all his scientific knowledge and practical skiil to the production of such a variety. The notable success of some of the efforts in this direction already made are but a foretaste of much wider practical resuits as knowledge and experience in this line of endeavor increase. To do such work eff-ctively there must be an almost ideal combination of science and practice. And the more we can learn definitely regarding the underlying principles the more surely will we be able to make successful practical applications. In such investi- gations science becomes more practical and art more scientific. Problems of station organization.—Much attention has been given during the past year to questions relating to the more perfect organization of the stations. As the stations develop, the importance of a clearer definition o! the functions of different ofticers in administration and investigation becomes more apparent. Conditions which existed when institutions for higher education and research were established in this country have materially changed, and the old forms of organi- zation are now, in many cases, a serious hindrance to their best development. For example, the theory on which the laws relating to the governing boards of many of the State colleges and experiment stations are based is that the board is to have the direct control and management of the institution. For this purpose it is to meet frequently, keep the details of the business of the institution well in hand, consult freely with officers of various grades, and pass rules and regulations governing every operation. This may, perhaps, have been well enough when the institutions were in a formative period and trained executive officers were scarce, but to-day this theory is out of date, and its application to the intricate and special- . ized business of our colleges and stations is highly injurious to their best interests. It works just as badly when applied to a college or experiment station as it would in the case of a railroad ora bank. The fact is that boards of control are most useful when their functions are confined toa broad, general supervision of the policy, finances, and work of the institution and the choice of its chief officers. For this purpose annual or semiannual meetings would ordinarily be sufficient, since the number of matters requiring the attention of the board should be reduced to a minimum. The best reason for the continuance of such boards is that when com- posed of broad-minded and successful citizens they represent the best sentiment of the community regarding these institutions, and are able to give the public an adequate guaranty for the wise and liberal management of the great interests involved in the State colleges and universities. Otherwise it would probably be best to do away with the boards and make the heads of the colleges directly respon- sible to some State officer of high rank. Oneespecially annoying and unjustifiable feature of the present system is the maintenance at many of the colleges of an officer, commonly designated secretary of the board, who acts as a representative of the board in the intervals between their meetings and exercises important func- tions relating to the business of the institution independently of its president. There is thus divided responsibility in the daily administration, and in case of friction between the president and faculty or students often a convenient center for discontent and disloyalty is ready at hand. All the legitimate functions of a secretary of the board might easily be performed by a registrar or other officer attached to the president's office, and thus an important ‘‘ rock of offense” might be removed from the administrative system of these institutions. The successful college president is no longer preeminently a great scholar, but rather a broad-minded and well-trained man of affairs, understanding the require- ments of modern educational and scientific institutions and able to administer the affairs and manage the personnel of such institutions. He will look to his goy- erning board for advice and counsel on the larger matters of general policy, but he ought not to have their intervention in the details of the business. To his hands should be fully committed the administration of the whole institution, and his work should be judged with reference to its success{ulissue. There should be no doubt in the mind of any officer connected with the institution that he is responsible to the president for his official conduct, and that an appeal to the board can be made only in extreme cases. The institution will naturally be divided into a limited number of departments, at the head of each of which will be placed an officer competent to plan and man- age the business of the department intrusted to his charge. The amount and character of the administrative duties which these officers will be called upon to discharge will vary with the nature of the department. The agricultural experi- OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 183 ment station is by law to be organized as a department of the college with which itis connected. It differs from the ordinary college department in being charged with the work of investigation rather than instruction and in having definite reia- tions with a great industry for whose promotion it is especially established. Through its correspondence, publications, inspection service, and associat on with the farming community it has an increasing amount of business not_ immediately relating to its investigations, but requiring special knowledge and skill for its successful discharge. Te do most effective work the operations of the station proceed in accordance with a well-matured plan which involves the cooper- ation of different members of the staff. So extensive and important has the busi- ness of the stations become that their proper management requires the time and energy of an executive officer, or director. In some cases it may still be possible for the director to conduct investigations in some special line or do a limited amount of teaching, but as arule he can do litt e beyond attending to adminis- trative duties. In a number of institutions prudential reasons of various kinds have led to the combination of the offices of president and director. Whatever justification there may have been for this in the past there is little excuse for it in the present. The duties of a college president are too multifold and onerous to permit his giving much attention to the special needs of an experiment station. His directorship almost necessarily becomes a nominal affair and the general business of the station is actually performed by some one member of the staff or distributed in a desultory way among a number of subordinate officers. This arrangement has not worked well and should be universally abandoned. As regards the business ot the station, the director should be clothed with a large measure of authority and consequent responsibility, should plan and supervise its work and expenditures, and control its staff to such an extent as will bring them together to work as a unit for the promotion of the station’s success. The mem- bers of the staff should be directly responsible to the director on all matters re at- ing to the station, whatever their position may be in other departments of the col- lege, and should expect to transact station business through the director rather than through the college president or the governing board. A proper independ- ence in the conduct of investigations. or parts of investigation, in their respective specialties and just credit for their share in the station's operations as set forth in publications or otherwise may, it is believed, be amply secured for the expert officers of the stations at the same time that good discipline is maintained and ample provision made for united effort. No class of men need to readjust their professional code to the modern require- ments of the organization of great scientific and educational enterprises more than college professors and scientific specialists. A way must be found by which teach- ing and research can be conducted on a system which combines liberty with law. The old régime of the entirely independent teacher and investigator has passed away. The specialization which is simply a form of the division of labor well known in industrial pursuits carries with it a necessity for combination of workers in educational and scientific institutions, as well as in manufacturing establishments. In a way hitherto unknown, scientific men will be calied in the future to work together for common ends. No matter is of more vital importance in the organization of our colleges and experiment stations than the securing of harmonious and concerted action on the part of faculties and staffs for the com- mon good of the institution to which they are attached. One of the greatest di:ti- culties now attending the successful management of these institutions is the fact that while specialization has narrowed the field and outlook of the individual officer, there has not been a corresponding recognition of the necessity of readjust- ing the form of organization and the spirit of the worker to meet these new con- ditions. At no time has there been greater need of the cultivation of an earnest and enthusiastic esprit du corps among the rank and file of education:.1 and scien- tific workers. There are many individual examples of men impressed with this lofty sentiment, but the whole body is not yet animated with it. Obviously, it should especially be a virtue characteristic of men connected with public institu- tions. The officers of our agricultural colleges and experiment stations are public functionaries employed to advance very important public interests. With them the good of the community, as involved inthe success of the enterprise with which they are connected, should be the ruling motive of action. The fame and emolu- inents of the individual worker should be subordinated to the reyuirements of con- certed action for a common end. And yet in the long run it is believed the indi- vidual worker as well as the institution will profit by a loyal and self-sacrificing discharge of common duties, for union of effort will bring greater success, and whenever a college or a station is strong and flourishing, credit is reflected on every worker who has contributed to this issue. 184 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The general considerations affecting the efficient organization of our experiment stations have thus been dwelt upon because a survey of these institutions during the past year has brought additional evidence that the problems of organization are being more generally considered than ever before. The tide is running strongly toward a more compact organization and a greater unification of the work. On the whole, those stations which have a strong organization and admin- istration are meeting with the largest measure of success. The original work of the stations.—There is also unusual interest in the discus- sion of problems relating to the functions of the stations and the specific duties of station officers. There is quite general agreement that each station should con- duct a considerable amount of original investigation; but in what way this should be provided for and what should be its character are variously regarded. There is still great variety in the assignments of teaching and investigation to officers in different stations, and the relative amount of work of research which is left to assistants differs very greatly in different places. Considerations relating to the financial conditions of college and station still affect the assignment of work ina number of institutions. Our observation of the situation leads us to the belief that there is actually going on a widespread differentiation of the investigator from the teacher, and that this is not prevented, though it may be hindered. by the varying arrangements made at the colleges and stations. A certain number of men are more and more devoting themselves to the work of investigation and succeeding in it. Others are just as certainly losing their interest and activity in such work. Because a man is required to teach many hours he does not thereby become a successful teacher. The research which he is compelled to carry on during vacations and at night may nevertheless be his real mission, and it will be well if his superiors discover this. The leaving of details of research work to assistants often means that the principal has largely lost his interest in it or con- siders other duties more important. We are getting an increasing body of com- petent investigators by this process, though in too many cases their training is proceeding under untoward conditions. It will be well if boards and presidents will consider more fully the actual state of things and make, as far as possible, such a readjustment that the investigator will be left very largely to investigate and the teacher to teach. It continues to be a weakness of a considerable number of our stations that they are organized on tco broad a scale for their resources. Too great a portion of their funds is going into salaries, leaving too little to pay the miscellaneous expenses of important investigations. Here and there only have the authorities had the wisdom ana courage to confine the operations of the station within comparatively narrow lines, leaving important departments of work entirely without recognition. It is enc o iraging, however, to observe that where this has been done success has brought additional funds with which the scope of the station’s work could be safely extended. On the whole, the amount of what may fairly be called original investigation is, in our opinion, steadily increasing. To determine this it is not sufficient to con- sider simply the bulletins of the stations. These have in various ways been made more popular in form and matter. A large amount of the more original work is being recorded in the annual reports and the records of more investigations are being withheld from publication until results of value are obtained. While there is still need of urging the advancement of the general standard of investigations, there is every reason to believe that our stations are moving onward and upward as agencies for the original investigation of agricultural problems. The inspection service of the stations.—The amount and variety of inspection service required of our experiment stations continue to grow from year to year. Beginning with commercial fertilizers, it now includes feeding stuffs, dairy prod- ucts and other foods for man, creamery glassware, insecticides, nursery stock for injurious insects, and plant and animal diseases. For a considerable period this matter affected only the stations in the East, where commercial fertilizers were largely used, but it is now a live question in all sections of the country, sine there is no region which does not have some evil against which the agricultural public is demanding protection by inspection under State or National auspices. Questions relating to the attitude of the stations toward this work are therefore engaging the attention of station officers throughout the country. Wherever this work has assumed considerable magnitude it is evident that it requires very careful organization in order that it may be conducted so as not to interfere with the work of investigation. Where thesame officers are charged with both kinds of work there is constant danger that the severe routine duties of the inspection service will diminish the ability of these officers to conduct thorough original investigation. It isessential that there should be a distinct differentiation of this service from the other work of the stations as regards both funds and time of OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 185 performance. Unless this is done and close supervision is exercised, the inspec- tion work is inevitably a drain upon the resources of the station and a hindrance to its more important operations. While our stations have from the beginning been engaged in inspection work, and this has met with increasing popular favor because of its efficient perform- ance, it is still doubtful whether it is the best ultimate arrangement. Almost all our experiment stations are organic parts of educational ‘institutions. As such they are essentially university departments devoted to research and the dissemi- nation of new knowledge. Toa certain extent they may naturally and properly engage in the various forms of university extension work through their more pop- ular publications and connection with farmers’ institutes, etc. They are organ- ized to conduct investigations on a great variety of subjects, and the scope of their work of investigation can be almost indefinitely extended as their funds increase. They do not need, therefore, to go outside of that work which would be univer- sally considered within their rightful domain as departments of colleges and uni- versities in order to secure a wide field of operation. On the other hand, as the range of inspection service enlarges and its duties become more onerous and com- plicated it becomes very questionable whether this service should be connected with our educational institutions. It is essentially a part of the police functions of the State and National governments. It involves many questions on which sooner or later the courts will have to pass. It may even excite public attention to such an extent as to be reckoned worthy of consideration by the people in their choice of administrative and legislative officers. In many ways this kind of busi- ness is much more appropriate to bureaus of the State government than to educa- tional institutions. Thus far the arrangement by which much of it has been connected with the experiment stations has been largely a matter of convenience, and in many States the amount of work to be performed has been so inconsiderable that it has not seemed worth while to create special agencies for its performance. We hayvenow reached a stage in the development of this work when it is believed that this mat- ter should receive careful attention from the managers of our agricultural col- leges and experiment stations, in order that a sound policy may be established which will provide for the best future development of these institutions. In our judgment this would involve efforts to relieve the colleges and stations of the inspection service rather than to increase its scope at these institutions and make it a permanent portion of their work. Statistics of the stations.—Agricultural experiment stations are now in opera- tion, under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, in all the States and ‘Territories. As stated elsewhere in this report, agricultural investigations in Alaska have been continued with the aid of National funds; an experiment station under private auspices is in operation in Hawaii; and Congress has appropriated $10,000 for the establishment and maintenance of an experiment station under Government aus- pices in Hawaii and $5,000 for a preliminary study of questions relating to the establishment of an experiment station in Porto Rico. In each of the States of Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York a separate station is maintained wholly or in part by State funds; in Louisiana three stations are thus maintained; andin Alabama two—the Canebrake and Tuskegee stations—are maintained wholly by State funds. Excluding the branch stations established in several States, the total number of stations in the United Statesis 57. Of these, 52 receive appro- priations provided for by act of Congress. The total income of the stations during 1900 was $1,170,857.78, of which $719,999.07 was received from the National Government, the remainder, $450,858.71, coming from the following sources: State governments, $247,281.46; individua’'s and communities, $2,420.51: fees for analyses of fertilizers, $70,927.31; sa’es of farm products, $90,088.84; miscellaneous, $40,140.59. In addition to this, the Office of Experiment Stations had an appropriation of $45,000 for the past fiscal year, including $12,000 for the Alaskan investigations. The value of additions to the equipment of the stations in 1900 is estimated as follows: Buildings, $89,416.23; libraries, $10,784.70; apparatus, $19,397.85; farm implements, $17,015.86; live stock, $22,009.10; miscellaneous, $8,850.94— total, $167,474.68. The stations employ 693 persons in the work of administration andinquiry. The number of officers engaged in the different lines of work is as follows: Directors, 71; chemists, 143; agriculturists, 74; experts in animal husbandry, 14: horticul- turists, 75; farm foremen, 24; dairymen, 30; botanists, 55; entomologists, 50; veterinarians, 29: meteorologists, 16; biologists, 6; physicists, 7; geologists, 6; mycologists and bacteriologists, 17; irrigation engineers, 7; in charge of substa- tions, 10; secretaries and treasurers, 7: librarians, 10, and clerks, 51. There are also 30 persons classified under the head of ‘‘miscellaneous,” including superin- 186 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. tendents of gardens, grounds, and buildings, apiarists, herdsmen, etc. Three hundred and twenty-seven station officers do more or less teaching in the colleges with which the stations are connected. The activity and success of the stations in bringing the results of their work before the public continues unabated. During the year they published 386 annual reports and bulletins, which are many more than are required by the Hatch Act. These were supplied to over half a million addresses on the regular mailing lists. A number of stations supplemented their regular publications with more or less frequent issues of press bulletins. ‘These are short popular articles which are prepared at little expense to the station, but which, through the medium of the local agricultural press. reach a wide circle of readers and bring the station and the practical results of its work pointedly before the public. The stations are being consulted more and more by farmers, and the information given is of the most varied character. This necessitates a voluminous and con- stantly increasing correspondence. Station officers come into personal contact with farmers at farmers’ institutes, where they make addresses and answer ques- tions. Many persons are thus benefited by the stations’ work who would not otherwise be reached. The results of station work are further given wide publicity by the general agricultural press. These papers not only give numerous popular accounts of the work of the stations, but they often employ station officers to answer questions of correspondence and as special contributors. Station officers are also frequent contributors to scientific journals. A number of books by station officers has been published during the year. COOPERATION OF THE STATIONS WITH THE DEPARTMENT. The number and variety of cooperative enterprises between the different Bureaus and Divisions of this Department and the experi- ment stations have been greatly increased during the past year. Much progress has also been made in determining the principles on which successful cooperation must be based and the best methods of arranging and conducting such operations. Experience has shown the desirability of a thorough preliminary discussion of the cooperative plans and the final making of a definite formal contract for the work to be actually undertaken. It has also been made clear that such contracts should be made through the directors of the stations and the officers of this Department having general responsibility for the work to be undertaken. The plan which is now generally followed in arranging for cooperation is substantially as follows: Through preliminary correspondence or personal conferences the officers of the Department and the stations immediately concerned in the proposed cooperative enterprise discuss the terms of cooperation, with the understanding that their action is in no way binding on either the Department or the station. When the plan of cooperation has thus been devised a tentative contract is drawn which is submitted to the director of the station and the chief of the Bureau or Division of the Department having general charge of the work. After the con- tract is reduced to a form satisfactory to both these parties it receives their signatures, and is then submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture and becomes effective through his approval. It is understood, how- ever, that as far as this Department is concerned no actual operations will be begun under such a contract until the proper commissions and letters of authorization for the expenditure of funds have been issued by the Department in the usual form. Copies of these contracts are filed in this Office as well as in the offices of the contracting parties. This Office also keeps a record of all cooperative enterprises between the Department and the stations and aids the officers of the Depart- ment and stations in arranging the details of the cooperative agree- ment whenever its assistance is sought. Whenever new enterprises OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 187 are undertaken there are, of course, many details which have to be worked out for each case as it arises, and no general rules can be devised which will cover all such matters, but with the general prin- ciples and methods well established there is, as a rule, comparatively little difficulty in arranging the details of cooperation. Without doubt great progress has recently been made in bringing the Department and the stations into closer touch, and through their cooperation important investigations for the benefit of agriculture in many parts of the country have been greatly strengthened. The rec- ords of this Office show that the Department is at present cooperating with the stations in 43 States and Territories. Among the subjects on which cooperative investigations are being conducted are the following: ; Tests of varieties of grasses and forage plants in many localities; special experiments with grasses and forage plants for the arid region and the improvement of range lands; breeding experiments with plants, especially cereals; experiments with hybrid orange trees; the culture of sugar beets, dates, and tobacco; planting forest trees; the nutrition of farm animals and man; the gluten content of wheat; plants poisonous to stock; soil investigations; injurious insects, especially the codling moth and locust, and irrigation investigations. The following is a list of the cooperative enterprises between the Department and the stations as at present recorded in this Office. Besides the more formal enterprises which involve the expenditure of more or less money on both sides, this list includes a number of minor operations for which no formal contracts have been made: Summary of cooperative enterprises between the Department and the stations. Station. Bureau, Office, or Divi- Line of work. sion. PAA aI aa nse = oa Plantain dustry, -s------ Hybridization of orange trees. Chemistry -.--.--------| Potash—methods of analysis. PAT IZOU GB ee = es 2 Plant Industry -------- Plant breeding. Chemistry. ----- == Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Planteindystnyee-— Improvement of desert ranges. Plantalngdustry. --seo-- Culture of dates. Soils ._.... .......----.-.| Alkali-soil investigations and soil mapping. Experiment Stations--| Irrigation investigations. @alitorniaess2-=.-2 =|" CHeMISthy. s-2--5s—s—s= The gluten content of wheat. @hemistry. ----2------ Soils—methods of analysis. Chemistrys a-- - 225. oe Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Plant industry, -22----- Planting and testing of sand-binding plants. Experiment Stations--| Nutrition investigations. Colorado:.- 2-2". .=---- Bntomology =-=-2-5--=5 Codling moth. Chemistry .----------.-| Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Chemistrye=-—.--s----- The gluten content of wheat. WOPGSUPYV] = eo eenn eee Tree planting. Plant Industry -------- Forage crops for alkali and arid soils. Connecticut, (State) -__| Soils. +2.---..--_-. -.---= Tobacco investigations. Connecticut (Storrs)_-| Experiment Stations_-| Nutrition investigations. Welawareres---------| Chemistry: -- =. -s--5-- Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Plant Industry .------- Cover crops for orchards. Wlorida, 22 sas25- See |) CHOMISDRY 3-2 oe =e Food analysis of pineapples. (Ghomistiye eee Phosphoric acid—methods of analysis. Plant industry. --.----| Hybridization of orange trees. Geerpias as 225: —.<~s- Plant Industry -------- Hybridization of orange trees. LGhinn ee ae Hnbomologyee--- Codling moth. irdranaeee ee ee. Chemistry: -22---4---< Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Chemistry;-----2- --=--- The gluten content of wheat. Chemistry)2- 2-222-2--=- Sngar-beet investigations. TOWaire saree poner Chemistryi5- 2-2 > ..25-- Sugar-beet investigations. Kansas=2 225i 222. 2se-2- Plant Industry. -----.- Pasture and range improvement. Horestry_.-.------_..-| Tree planting. Plant Industry -------- Improvement of cereals, etc. 188 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Summary of cooperative enterprises, etc.—Continued. Station. Bureau, Office, or Divi- Line of work. sion. Kentucky» -sssce-ses-- Chemistry—-= Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Chemistry == The gluten content of wheat. Chemistry=-s-2-- es Sugar-beet investigations. WOUSIANA os a eeeee Entomology ----------- Certain grasshopper outbreaks. Plant Industry =--.---- Hybridization of orange trees. Maine =a: ee ee-5 |p blanbpindustryes= = Plant breeding. Experiment Stations-.| Nutrition investigations. Maryland eres sense Plant Industry -.--.-.--- Gores anwestigatienk: anda varietal test of sweet potatoes. Chemistr yess so ee Influence of environment on the sugar content of muskmelons. Chemistry;---+-= =--e- The gluten content of wheat. Plant Industry ------- Infiuence of origin of red clover seed on yield of crop. Plant Industry --..-._-| Best crops for use in securing a continuous soil- ing series for dairy and farm stock. Sto) ies eee Aa Chemical study of soils, and soil survey. Wichivanwss== see = @hemistryee ses noes The gluten content of wheat. Chemistry ie eese- see Sugar-beet investigations. Plant Industry ----.--- Influence of origin of red clover seed on yield of crop. Plant) Industry.---2_--- Best grasses for fixing drifting sands. Soils ___..........-.....| Cooperation to a certain extent in the selection of areas and regarding base maps. Minnesota eassss-se-—— Forestry -.-.-----------| Tree planting. Plant Industry --_---.- Improvement of wheat industry of the North west. Experiment Stations__| Nutrition investigations. Mississippissss-=—-—--- Chemistry _----......--| Nitrogen—methods of analysis. IMESSOUII ee se oe Chemistey,--2--- =e: The gluten content of wheat. Plant Industry -------- Influence of origin of red clover seed on yield of crop. Plant Industry ---.-__- Formation and mapagement of meadows and pastures. Experiment Stations. -! Irrigation investigations. Montana _-.-_-_-- ee eee Plant Industry -.----.. Stock-poisoning plants of Montana. | WHORES biny eee ee | Tree planting. Experiment Stations__| Irrigation investigations. Nebraska sess 42-.0.- Blantrindiistrye essen | Cultivation and improvement of native grasses. HOGEStr yin cece ae ee et Tree planting. Plant Industry ...----- Determination of the effects of influence of envi- ronment on plants = Entomology -.--------- Injurious locusts. Entomology -_--.-__---- gos ahaa grasshoppers and grasshopper fungus isease. Experiment Stations__| Irrigation investigations. INevad aes] hose =5 22-42 Experiment Stations__| Irrigation investigations. New York State North Carolina__._.-- North Dakota Oklahoma). 2s2-- a 23 Oregon Pennsylvania....._-. : South Dakota _____._- Plant Industry Plant Industry Chemistry Chemistry Experiment Stations-- Soils Sense eons aes Chemistry Chemistry eessse esa eas Soils Chemistry=--=>-------— Chemistrysess eo Chemistry Plant Industry MOLESENY. == = ----- NanpavAna WALVel sesso W. Irving, chief engineer Gage Canal. @alifornia’ 2-25-----<=>- Mitle River 2e-pse see Prof. J. M. Wilson,! assistant professor of ir- Tipabions University of California, Berke- ey. WacheiCreek. -s22 ssneemceres Do.! Washington ---.. .-..-- Walkimarhlverases sssesess os Prof. O. L. Waller, professor civil engineer- ing, Washington Agricultural College and School of Science, Pullman. Columbiaghiveries---2]----> Do. ING Vaal yo 352 22 ees Humboldt River .--------.--- Prof. J.D. Stannard, assistant in irrigation investigations. Truckée River :2--..------.- oO. ATIZONa=225—5-S-seese- | Salt River _.....-...--.--..-.| W. H. Code, chief engineer Consolidated Canal, Mesa. Salt iRivertte- Ue tvs sete? | Prof. A. J. MecClatchie, Arizona Experi- ment Station, Phoenix. New Mexico.--..---.--- Pecos and Rio Granderivers| W. M. Reed, civil engineer, Roswell. _ MNoexas ~isisisSss foees2 Colorado, Brazos, and Wich- | Prof. J. C. Nagle, professor of civilengineer- ita rivers. ing, Texas Agricultural College, College Station. ARs Colorado.....---------| Arkansas and Grand rivers.) A. P. Stover, assistant in irrigation investi- | gations. | Big Thompson River... ---- | Hon. A. J. McCune, State engineer, Denver. 1 Professor Wilson has had associated with him in these investigations A. E. Chandler, instruc- tor in civil engineering, University of California. Prof. E. W. Hilgard, director of the agricul- tural experiment station, University ot California, has conducted an independent investigation having special reference to the utilization of the water supplies of California. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. DOA Official stations and names of observers—Continued. State Location. Observer. Witahs oaeee soest 2 ees. Tributaries of the Jordan | Hon. R. C. Gemmell, ex-State engineer, River. Salt Lake City. Spanish Fork River--.--..--.| Hon. A. P. Doremus, State engineer, Salt Lake City. Toran Riv.ercaase = saeaseseee Prof. George L. Swendsen, professor of civil engineering, Utah Agricultural Col- lege, Logan. Wontanaijs- 255-5 Bozeman and Bitterroot | S. Fortier, director agricultural experi- rivers. ment station, Montana Agricultural Col- lege, Bozeman. Wyoming 2-2. 22-2: ==... haramie-River .-----:2=----- Eldon T. Johnston, Wheatland. INebraskare-22222 “232 Loup and North Platte | O. V. P. Stout, professor of engineering, rivers. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. WHSCOnSIn tes ene See Stevens LOint =o) soseeee eee Prof. F. H. King, professor of agricultural physics, College of Agriculture, Univer- sity of Wisconsin, Madison. Missommb ict! 252 55 $2 Colum biae= 2723588 eee Prof. H. J. Waters, director agricultural experiment station, University of Mis- souri, Columbia. New Jersey -----.---- New Brunswick and Vine- | Prof. E. B. Voorhees, director New Jersey land. agricultural experiment stations, New Brunswick. Monisianae.- 222522 -2 5. Rice irrigation along Gulf | Frank Bond, assistant in irrigation investi- coast. gations. South Atlantic coast_| Rice irrigation --.-----..-..- George H. Keeney, assistant in irrigation investigations. North Dakota -------- HWAar?O ns. 2055 eee eet see a sek Prof. E. F. Ladd, North Dakota Agricul- tural College, Fargo. DESIGNING OF INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING FLOW OF WATER. The designing of instruments for measuring and recording the water used in irrigation begun by Professor Mead has continued under his direction. Two new designs for water registers were fur- nished to irrigators and canal companies last year. The latest of these designs can be furnished irrigators at about one-half the cost of the foreign instruments formerly used, and one instrument maker in Denver has engaged in their manufacture extensively. The first step toward economy in the use of water is to enable farmers to know whether they are receiving what they are paying for, and to insure to canal companies an accurate record of what they deliver. Since the ultimate extent of the cultivated area will be measured by the water supply rather than the area of irrigable land, the efforts to increase its duty have a direct relation to both the value of irrigation work and the ultimate area of cultivated land. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER FROM STREAMS. Better facilities for observation and more capable observers have permitted an extension of the studies of the duty of water so as to embrace an entire stream. Those in charge of the division of rivers know that much of the water diverted returns again; that in some places the flow of the stream sinks in the sand to again reappear on the surface lower down. Each stream has therefore problems of its own, and its behavior, as irrigation extends, must be studied and understood in order that the largest and best use of its waters may be made. Experience has shown that not only is the land along one portion of a stream much more valuable than another portion, but that its waters can be made to irrigate a much larger area in favor- able sections than if unfavorable ones are chosen. ‘The area which a 2298 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. stream will irrigate in certain sections of its course can be doubled or trebled in more favorable sections. As an illustration, if may be stated that during the past season, while Snake River, Idaho, was dry at one point in its channel, at a point 40 miles below it contained over 2,000 eubie feet per second. The percentage of the volume of water used which returns to the channel of the stream helps to measure the ultimate duty of water, and in order to ascertain this, studies were inaugurated the past season to keep a record of the volume diverted by the different canals along an entire river, the volume of the orig- inal flow, and the total volume which seepage and percolation per- mitted to be used. These studies will not only answer the question of how much land the stream ean irrigate, but will show the locations where water can be best diverted. The most extensive of these studies is being carried on in Nevada under the direction of Prof. J. D. Stannard. The next most extensive is in California under the direction of Prof. J. M. Wilson. Hon. D. W. Ross, State engineer of Idaho, has begun a similar study in Idaho, and A. P. Stover is making a special study of the same subject in Colorado and Utah. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION. This investigation has also secured the interest and cooperation of a large number of irrigation engineers and managers of canal compa- nies in a series of measurements to determine the coefficient of fric- tion in canals and laterals, especially the latter, data for the accurate determination of the flow of small ditches being very much needed. IRRIGATION IN THE HUMID PORTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. During the past two years more miles of irrigation canal have been built and more money expended for pumping plants to furnish water for irrigation in the State of Louisiana than in any of the arid States. The application of irrigation to growing rice has raised the value of large areas of land from $5 and $10 an acre to $50 or $100 an acre, and promises to make the United States an exporting instead of an importing country so far as this product is concerned. At the request of those interested, Mr. Frank Bond, irrigation expert, has been detailed to aid in the solution of the problems created by this new form of agriculture along the Gulf coast, and Mr. George H. Keeney is making similar investigations along the Atlantic seaboard. In the Mississippi Valley provision for the experimental use of water in irri- gation was begun in 1900 in Wisconsin under the direction of Prof. F. H. King, and in Missouri under the direction of Prof. H. J. Waters. The work in New Jersey, inaugurated the year previous, has been continued. The severe drought of 1901 has given a more than local interest to these efforts to provide a water supply, whenever needed, for the lands of the humid States. The directorof the Missouri experi- ment station states that their irrigation experiments are being watched by the farmers of that State with more interest than any work previ- ously attempted by that station. SEDIMENT INVESTIGATIONS. The studies of the amount and character of the sediment carried by streams used in irrigation and its influence, beneficial or otherwise, on the land where applied, have been continued under the direction of Prof. J. C. Nagle, of the Texas Agricultural College. It has been OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 229 found necessary to devise special apparatus for securing samples, and this has been done under the direction of the expert in charge. The important influence of sediment is shown in the fact that as high as 34 per cent of solid matter was contained in some of the samples taken. The effects of this on the continuous operation of canals or on the enduring value of storage basins are so marked as to warrant the continuance of these studies, which has been arranged for. IRRIGATION PUBLICATIONS. Six technical bulletins, one Farmers’ Bulletin, a Yearbook article, and a circular on irrigation, aggregating over 1 ,200 printed pages, have been prepared for publication during the year. The Use of Water in Irrigation. Report of Investigations made in 1899, under the supervision of Elwood Mead, expert in charge, and C. T. Johnston, assistant, including reports by special agents and observers W. M. Reed, W. H. Code, W. Irving, O. V. P. Stout, Thomas Berry, 8S. Fortier, R. C. Gemmell, G. L. Swendsen, and D. W. Ross (Bulletin No. 86, pp. 253, pls. 50, figs. 18). This bulletin explains the methods in use in the arid States in the distribution and use of water in irrigation. It gives a large number of measurements made to determine the duty of water and the losses by seepage and evap- oration from canals, and discusses the methods by which the water supply may be more effectively and economically utilized in the pro- duction of crops. Irrigation in New Jersey, by Edward B. Voorhees, crecuom New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations and professor of agriculture, Rutgers College (Bulletin No. 87, pp. 40, figs. 5), gives the results of a number of experiments on different kinds of small fruits, melons, and vegetables during 1898 and 1899, made for the purpose of determining whether irrigation during short periods of drought in regions where the rainfall is usually sufficient for the maximum growth of crops will sufficiently increase the yield to pay for the works necessary to obtain the supply of water, and reports observations on the construction and cost of six small irrigation plants in New Jersey. Irrigation in Hawaii, by Walter Maxwell, director and chief chemist, Hawaiian Experiment Station (Bulletin No. 90, pp. 48, pls. 6, figs. 3), discusses the climatic soil and other conditions as affecting irrigation in Hawaii, and gives the results of irrigation experiments, especially with sugar cane, carried on by the author for a number of years. The Reservoir System of the Cache la Poudre Valley, by E. S. Nettleton (Bulletin No. 92, pp. 48, pls. 14), contains a description of the reservoir system of the Cache la Poudre Valley, showing the benefits to be derived from the construction of reservoirs for the stor- age of water for irrigation. Irrigation Laws of the Northwest Territories of Canada and Wyo- ming, with discussions by J. S. Dennis, deputy commissioner of public works, Canada, and Fred Bond, State engineer of Wyoming, and J. M. Wilson, agent and expert, irrigation investigations, Office of Experiment Stations (Bulletin No. 96, pp. 90, pls. 5), includes texts of the irrigation laws of the northwest territories of Canada and of Wyo- ming, with the regulations, forms, and methods of procedure adopted in the administration of these laws, and discussion of the principles underlying the laws and the methods followed in their enforcement. Irrigation Investigations in California, by Elwood Mead and others (Senate Doc. No. 108, Fifty-sixth Congress, 2d session, pp. 73). This 230 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. is an abridged preliminary report on investigations reported in full in Bulletin No. 100, noted below, prepared in response to a Senate resolution. Practical Irrigation (Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, 1900, pp. 491-512, figs. 9), by C. T. Johnston and J. D. Stannard, gives simple directions for the use of the individual farmer. There were also prepared and submitted for publication the fol- lowing: Report on Irrigation Investigations in California, under the super- vision of Elwood Mead, assisted by Wm. E. Smythe, Marsden Man- son, J. M. Wilson, Chas. D. Marx, Frank Soulé, C. E. Grunsky, Edward M. Boggs, and James D. Schuyler (Bulletin No. 100, pp. 411, pls. 29, figs. 16), which gives an account of investigations conducted in California during 1900 by this Office, cooperating with the California Water and Forest Association, which consisted of observations by irrigation experts on the existing legal, engineering, and agricultural conditions along nine typical streams used for irrigation in the State. Irrigation in Field and Garden, by E. J. Wickson (Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 138, pp. 40, figs. 18). For note on this bulletin see page 200. EXTENSION OF INVESTIGATIONS. Jn response to numerous requests from those engaged in irrigation in the Hawaiian Islands, plans are being made for a bulletin deal- ing with the irrigation laws and customs which now control the own- ership and distribution of streams in those islands. The immense sums of money already invested in pumping plants and irrigation works required for the irrigation of sugar cane gives to this subject an importance commensurate with the magnitude of these invest- ments and with the value and scarcity of the water supply on which success depends. It is manifest that the same problems which have arisen in California and other arid States where streams have been fully utilized will have to be dealt with in these islands, and it is the belief of those most directly concerned that this investigation can greatly promote the enactment of needed and salutary laws by an early study of the subject and publication of the facts disclosing existing conditions and requirements. The utilization of underground water is becoming each season more important, and it is destined to assume a general inter est should irri- gation be largely extended to the humid region. Requests for assist- ance in determining whether or not pumping water for irrigation will pay and the conditions which govern its profitable application are being constantly received, but thus far but little has been done in this dir ection, although a beginning has been made during the present season. It is one of the lines of “work which ean be usefully and profitably extended. In all of the older irrigated countries irr igation and drainage have gone hand in hand, and the experience of the arid States is that we are not to be any exception to this rule. The building of high-land canals and the application of water to the farm beneath. ‘them sooner or later tends to create an excess of moisture in the lower lands. The percolat- ing waters from the upper canals, or from the irrigated fields, carry with them an excess of alkaline salts which tends to accumulate i in the eats lands and thus render them worthless. As these salts are all ‘eadily soluble, drainage is the readiest and most certain means of foovia both the excess of moisture and the excess of alkali, but OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 231 effective drainage is not a matter which the individual farmer can always provide. In many of the irrigated districts of the West the areas needing drainage are so extensive that these works, whether for removing the water already in the soil or cutting off supplies from the canals and fields above, must be carried out under a com- prehensive plan, which in some cases involved not only farms and communities, but an entire valley. This Office has been solicited to study this question, and a begin- ning has been made in this direction. From the nature of the problem, these improvements should be under public direction. In order to properly assist in the formation of plans for drainage of irrigation districts and the framing of laws to govern the organiza- tion of community or district improvements, this study should embrace the experience of the States of the Middle West, where drainage is already an important feature of agriculture and is carried out under State laws as a public improvement. The publication of a bulletin dealing with the operation of State drainage laws and the results which have attended their operation will greatly aid in the framing of laws required for the removal of the surplus waters of many Western irrigated districts. This investigation should also include the cost of manufacture and kind of materials required, because the salts contained in much of the water to be removed will destroy the tiling used elsewhere. Thus far the price of tiling has been so excessive as to be almost prohibitive. That this can be changed by the erection of factories within some districts to be bene- fited is certain. The investigation should show the feasibility of such factories, the places where the material for the manufacture of tiling can be obtained, and the approximate cost of such manufacture. At the present time clay tiling is the cheapest material in some sec- tions, cement in others, and plank in others. The farmers of the West desire to know which they can employ to the best advantage. Studies of the methods of irrigation, the duty of water, and the results of seepage and evaporation will be continued as before, the effort being made to encourage the agricultural experiment stations to take up the more scientific and detailed studies of the duty of water and leave to this Department only those larger problems of stream management which have a direct influence on the success of irrigation laws and the efficiency of public supervision in the distribution of the water supply. Anumber of the Western experiment stations are already paying increasing attention to this, the Montana, Utah, Colo- rado, and Arizona stations being especially conspicuous in this work. The growing volume and immense cost of litigation over water rights and the certainty that these complications are destined to continue unless the operation of our irrigation codes is made simpler and more effective, renders it increasingly important that we avail ourselves of the experience of older irrigated countries. The lessons of southern Europe and Egypt should be made use of through visits to these dis- tricts, and the publication of reports showing the methods employed in the distribution of water, the methods of its application, and the volume required; the kinds of contracts under which water is fur- nished to users; the nature of the ownership of streams and of the canals which distribute them. The beginning of these studies has been unavoidably delayed, but their necessity and the value of the information to those engaged in framing codes of laws, or in enforcing those laws, is believed in more earnestly than when the same subject was referred to in the previous report of this Office. It is hoped that a beginning may be made in this work during the present year. 232 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION. It is becoming more and more apparent that irrigation is destined to have a larger place in the agriculture of the humid portion of the United States than a few years ago was thought possible. It is already employed as a means of insurance wherever intensive cultivation is resortedto. Market gardeners in New Jersey, in the vicinity of Boston, and around nearly all the large cities of this country are coming more and more to understand the security and profit which it brings. The rapid extension of rice irrigation in the South promises to influence the utilization of water in the growing of other products in that region wherever a supply can be obtained at a reasonable cost. The develop- ment of the arid region by irrigation is destined in the near future to cease to be a matter of local interest, and to occupy a leading place in National affairs. ,This is due to the fact that the vacant fertile lands of the inland States have now been taken up. We must look else- where to meet the demands of development, and it is the irrigated lands of the arid region which must replace the farms rendered unpro- ductive by erosion and impoverished by wasteful and exhaustive methods of culture. To meet the growing home demand and to satisfy our expanding foreign trade will tax not only the utmost resources of the humid States, but the productive resources of the arid region as well. Onthe solution of the problems now being studied in this inves- tigation must rest the laws which will govern the ultimate development of the large areas of public land yet awaiting settlement and reclama- tion. Its work is as important to the nation in aiding it to determine what it ought to do as in assisting the arid States in solving the prob- lems which press for an immediate solution. The fact must not be lost sight of that in the arid region agricul- tural values inhere in water rather than inland. In many sections of the West the right to water which irrigates an acre of land is already worth far more than the land itself, and the methods by which titles to streams are acquired and the character of the ownership estab- lished has as direct a relation to the development of the West as the methods employed in the disposal of public land. It is just as neces- sary, too, for the peace and prosperity of that region to keep streams from being acquired by speculative owners as it is to keep the land from being disposed of to speculative holders. In sometcases extrava- gant and unjust grants of water have led to serious abuses, and it is only through a general education of the people most concerned that the expulsion of these abuses and the establishment of correct methods can be secured. The great work of this investigation is to promote the evolution of irrigation laws and customs suited to the needs of the different sections of the arid region and necessary for the protec- tion of the individual farmer. As irrigation has extended and streams become more fully utilized it has become increasingly apparent that water laws are fully as important as land laws, and that it is not only necessary to define clearly the rights of each of the multitude of users from a common supply, but to provide adequately for the protection of these rights under some sort of public supervision, so that the peaceful and orderly division of rivers among farmers shall not only be possible but assured. It is also indispensable that there shall be men especially trained for this work. Under the most favorable condi- tions the harmonious division of a river is a complex and difficult performance. It involves the regulation of rights on tributaries so as to protect the rights on the main stream and a consideration of the OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 233 needs of the farmer whose land les scores or even hundreds of miles away from the snows which must moisten it in order that he may not be robbed by the farmer whose ditch or canal taps the water supply at the mountain’s base. It involves the adjustment of diverse and conflicting interests of individuals, communities, and sometimes of different States. Because the whole subject is new, development has outgrown organization. We have built ditches and dried up streams faster than we have evolved laws and customs for the protection of the users of their waters. The beginning of this investigation was the beginning of a disinterested and scientific study of these ques- tions. The value of these labors is now becoming manifest in all of the different States of the arid region. It has stimulated the move- ment for better laws and in many cases has resulted in a reform in methods that has increased yields and extended the area cultivated. With these changes there has come a demand for information and advice wholly beyond our means to supply. It now is confronted by two needs—increased means for more comprehensive study of facts, and a larger force of trained and capable men to assume the impor- tant re esponsibility of directing the gathering of these facts and the interpretation of their significance when secured. For continuing and extending the irrigation investigations an esti- mate of $75,000 was made a yearago. With the progress of our work during the year the demands for its extension from various quarters have increased and the opportunities for the useful employment of a larger fund have widened. I therefore recommend that this amount be asked for in the estimates for the ensuing fiscal year. > tint a ‘oaliritond u sai i) rail nears pith: Calite at Ons TOO aE lh Witt! Raper RS eg! coh) thoes a een el re ee Wert ie “ ay ayt peer aheie ’ a Oe PED SUPERS bay ih) ae shi Cin cop cht bee he P “HPA jugesi af) i: geeepftl relat leecbue aed lenecmateiete apr py Te, Py ry. epelndixly Gh treks nes Lor ‘fics Fhe Cy i oa MAR ICON timed ai cpr ri URE ena dae er ie line! oy ant ae ? EE, 4 A . 3 ae aaa q Beate pte Maceineni ts phates met peti ; : i rey ; re ’ ‘ at : he ae heeding + Som bE ‘ ; ; Traits] j <0 ‘ Hh@itiealipaey N A : : Ly ; “pf { (Oa Pe ie: _ oi ; . e oe - . 5 sll De fi : is 7) ' ] me i ; a 4 + Pat _ ‘ y : J -) TP) - 5 iS. . e ’ Mh f ip j ‘ apes 7. : - ie ise tae? , ‘ v4 iby 7 ‘ or. 4 . ss ‘aay \ tai * a > REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. U. 8S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES, Washington, D. C., August 31, 1901. Srr: I have the honor to submit herewith the report of the Office of Public Road Inquiries for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, together with an outline of the work for the current year and recommendations and estimates for the ensuing year. Respectfully, MARTIN DODGE, Director. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. The work of this Office during the fiscal year 1901 was continued and extended along the lines laid down in my previous reports and in pursuance of the general plans and purposes of the inquiry. The correspondence of the Office has steadily increased during the year and the office force has been busily engaged distributing large quan- tities of literature to farmers, road builders, and other interested per- sons. Representatives of the Office visited nearly all the States and made scientific investigations regarding local conditions, road materi- als,etc. The information secured is being prepared for publication, and will be of much practical benefit to the interested localities. Sev- eral State legislatures have asked for and received assistance in framing new road laws. Farmers’ organizations, farmers’ institutes, business organizations, schools, colleges, ete., have also petitioned for our cooperation and advice and all of them have been accommodated as far as our resources permitted. The progress of road construction has been closely watched, and it is very gratifying to note that never before in the history of this country has there been so much interest taken in the subject, and so much actual road work done as in the past year. More requests have been made for the expert advice and supervision of this Office than ever before. Every effort has been made to meet these demands, but this has been possible only to a limited extent, owing to the present small force and limited resources of the Office. This practical side of our work has been pushed forward as rapidly as the time and means at hand would permit. The object-lesson methods of teaching prac- tical road building, adopted and carried forward by the Office for several years, have become so valuable and are so highly appreciated that there is an urgent and widespread demand for their continuation, and many calls are being made for their extension. 235 236 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. PRESENT ORGANIZATION. The Office as now organized has an administrative office consisting of a Director, an assistant director, one special agent and expert, a stenographer, a clerk, and a messenger. The road-material laboratory is operated in collaboration with the Bureau of Chemistry, and Mr. L. W. Page is in charge with three permanent assistants and one temporary assistant. REPORTS ON FIELD WORK. As indicated in my last report, the United States has now been divided into four divisions, known as the Eastern, Southern, Middle, and Western, with a special agent and expert in charge of each. EASTERN DIVISION. Mr. L. W. Page, the special agent in charge of the Eastern division, having been placed at the head of the road-material laboratory, has been engaged during the greater part of the year in work connected with the testing of road materials, and the field work of this division is therefore not reported upon. SOUTHERN DIVISION. Prof. J. A. Holmes, of North Carolina, was appointed special agent of the Southern division on August 7, 1900. During the year Professor Holmes has visited portions of nearly all the States of his division, examining into the character and distribution of materials suitable for road building. In many of the localities visited he has collected sam- ples of material, which have been forwarded to the Washington testing laboratory, and the results of these investigations have been reported directly to the State, county, or municipal authorities especially inter- ested in the matter. Special reports embracing the results of these investigations will be submitted at an early date. While the chief purpose in Professor Holmes’s travels through the Southern States has been the examination of the road-building mate- rial, he has endeavored at the same time, as an object of scarcely less importance, to encourage and organize the good roads movement in the several States in every way possible. With this object in view he has visited the county and State authorities, and in many cases has advised with them as to the best plans for promoting this move- ment. He has also given public lectures on road building at the State universities of North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana, and at various towns in the different States; he has also appeared before legislative committees in the interest of good-road laws in the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and Virginia. On all these occasions he has advised (1) the establishment of State highway commissions; (2) the abandonment of the old system of compulsory road labor, and the substitution therefor of a system of road building and repairing roads by taxation; (3) the use of convict labor in road building. These are important features of any system that may be adopted for the improvement of the public highways. I am glad to be able to record the fact that in each of these Southern States this view of the situation is being generally accepted, and will doubtless be acted upon as rapidly as practicable. During the year OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. 934 advanced legislative measures for making better roads have been adopted in both the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas, and it is safe to predict that similar action will be taken in other Southern States at the next sessions of their respective legisla- tures. During the year Professor Holmes has endeavored to collect accurate information concerning the status of the road movement in every county of the States named, and he has thus far brought together such information from more than 1,000 out of a total of about 1,200 counties. The results of these inquiries are being tabulated and will appear in a bulletin to be submitted for publication at an early date. The reports indicate decided progress in both road legislation and practice in many portions of these States. Professor Holmes is also bringing together in a systematic record the names and addresses of a number of the most progressive citizens living in each of the counties of the division, and through these persons it is hoped that, by means of correspondence and by the distribution of printed matter, much can be done in the way of stimulating and guiding the good-roads movement. In addition to a paper on ‘‘ The use and results of convict labor in road building,” for the Yearbook for 1901, the special agent for this livision has now in preparation and will soon submit for publication reports on ‘‘Some types of road building in the Southern States” and ‘““The present status of the good-roads movement in the Southern States.” MIDDLE DIVISION. In September, 1900, Hon. J. H. Stout, of Menomonie, Wis., was appointed special agent for the Middle division, and Expert Charles T. Harrison was sent to him as assistant. Owing tothe lateness of the season, no outside work was engaged in other than that done at Trav- erse City, Mich., to be referred to later on in this report. Soon after entering upon his work a visit was paid to the county fair at Kewaunee, Wis., where consultations were held on the matter of road improve- ment and an address was delivered. A farmers’ institute at Knapp, Wis., was also attended for the same purpose. During the winter months the educational feature of the work was taken up, and visits were made to the agricultural college at St. Anthony Park, Minn., where several addresses were made to special classes as well as to the students. Frequent conferences were held with county and State school officials relative to arranging for a series of illustrated addresses on road construction in the publie schools, and this plan will very likely be carried out in the near future. Many requests were made for aid and information throughout the Middle division, but on account of the unseasonable weather and the lack of sufficient funds but little beyond the giving of written or printed information could be done. About the middle of April, Road Expert Harrison was called from this division and assigned to the National Good Roads Association’s train, which he accompanied on its tour of nearly 4,000 miles, during which time he acted as consulting engineer, and delivered addresses at several points where sample roads were built and conventions held. ILLINOIS WORK, During the months of September and October Mr. Howard H. Gross, of Chicago, was employed as special agent and expert for the purpose 938 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ot collecting and disseminating information in the State of Illinois. He cooperated with the officials of the State in building a sample road upon the State fair grounds at Springfield. He also delivered three addresses there upon the general subject of good roads. Mr. Gross distributed among the farmers and business men of the State over 200,000 circulars of information. He visited, by invita- tion, 35 county and Congressional farmers’ institutes and delivered addresses on “The relation of good roads to farm life,” ‘‘ How to build good roads and the cost thereof,” and ‘‘Good roads viewed from the farmer’s standpoint.” He made a special feature of State-aid legislation, and 31 out of the 30 institutes visited passed resolutions strongly indorsing such legis- lation as would provide for the equitable distribution between the State, counties, and townships of the costof permanent roads. At the request of the legislative committee of the State Farmers’ Institute, held at Winchester, Ill., on October 30, Mr. Gross prepared and pre- sented to the legislature a bill that was known as the ‘‘ Curtis bill.” The result of this work in Illinois aroused a deep and widespread interest.in the subject of good roads, and this matter is now a leading topic of discussion by the press throughout the entire State. Publie sentiment in Illinois in favor of better roads is rapidly crystallizing. WHSTERN DIVISION. Mr. James W. Abbott, of Denver, Colo., was appointed special agent and road expert August 18, 1900, to take charge of the Rocky Moun- tain and Pacific Coast division. During his thirty years’ service as a civil and mining engineer, Mr. Abbott has had much practical experi- ence with the problems of road location and construction, but in order that he might be able to do the best work as a special agent he gave up his mining work, and has since devoted himself exclusively to the study of the road question and to practical work for the better- ment of the highways in the large territory assigned to him. He has had extensive correspondence with the various road com- missions of the several States and of the Dominion of Canada, the directors of agricultural experiment stations, and many others. He has, by personal interviews and private letters, brought the subject of road improvement to the attention of governors and other State officials, the editors of leading newspapers, professors in institutions of learning, presidents and managers of railroads, prominent civil and mining engineers, members of the legislatures, boards of county com- missioners, road supervisors, the heads of leading industries, manu- facturers of road machinery, besides a large number of influential private citizens. He attended and participated in the work of four very important conventions, at two of which he read papers. He has written several articles for publication in leading newspapers, and numerous inter- views have been published ceiving accounts of his movements and work. He spent some time in consultation with the road committees of the Colorado legislature and assisted in framing a carefully pre- pared road law. He visited many places in Colorado, Utah, and California, and gave advice where it was desired regarding specific or general road improvement. Mr. Abbott visited, practically at his own expense, this Office and the highway departments of New York, Massachusetts, and California. In all he has traveled during the year over 12,000 miles. OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. 239 Mr. Abbott wrote a paper on ‘“‘ Mountain roads” for the last Year- book of this Department, which has since been republished in pamphlet form for general distribution. It was a technical article, giving detailed information regarding practice in mountain-road construction. The paper has been quite extensively republished in the press of differ- ent parts of the United States. PRACTICAL ROAD WORK. Requests for the practical cooperation and assistance of this Office in actual road building and in addressing meetings have been more numerous this year than ever before. Owing to our limited means, however, but few of these requests could be complied with. In this work the Office has endeavored to assist those sections of the country which needed help most, and to work in those States and communities where little or nothing had yet been done by us. The Office has also cooperated to the fullest extent possible in the construction of various kinds of roads and in the dissemination of information at road con- ventions and other meetings in the following States: Michigan, Ala- bama, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Illinois, Tennessee, Louisiana, Missis- sippi, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Wisconsin, Minne- sota, Iowa, Ohio, New York, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Arkansas, Texas, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Utah, and California. Object-lesson roads have been built under the diree- tion of the Office in the first nine of these States, while the results of our investigations and practical assistance in road meetings have been extended to all the others. From five to twenty-five addresses were delivered by representatives of the Office in each of these States. Brief reports of the most important work done in some of the States are given: MICHIGAN. A review of the work done during the early part of the fiscal year 1901 at Port Huron was given in my last report. Experts from this Office also assisted in building sample roads during road conventions at Saginaw and Traverse City. = so seh a ates ee ee ER 17,500. 00 20, 000. 00 Arline EON Oxpermentall farm ose 27 ease ne ese ee ee 10, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 Haipte= OA Cin GUIPiOS as43 4:20) SSeS. 2s eet Sey eee ae aes Sere ee ere 14, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 Bubicanions harmers, bulletins._.. 9... 22 2.2. ese ea eee. 5) + 1055000;,00. 173, 000. 00 Purchase and distribution of valuable seeds-......-.---.---.----------.| 170,000.00 270, 000. 60 Investigating production of domestic sugar._--.-.--.-------.---------. 7, O00. 00 5, 000. 00 Tea-culture investigations. -_-_- . Be ae en Se ee 5, 000. 00 7,000. 00 Salaries and expenses, Bureau of Animal Industr: y- --------------------| 1, 000,000.00 | 1,050, 000.00 ELS Eas een ens See ee Lerner re me Lee SETAE eae Bt EE ed A OR BO IO0 eile LOCR00 WEATHER BUREAU. SITS Te ee ae i eae ee Ac ee 155, 320. 00 159, 820. 00 Hoeiliohtstand -repairse-ss > 225. 166s 2 S225 ese ete es Se 9, 000. 90 9, 000. 00 (SOTO ON Up OXPOUSOScre en = Seas oper e Soe apeete as Se t e o pe 8, 000.00 8, 000. 00 GEHCTANGZ.PONSCR eee ee eae a ate on ee Se RL CRA eee 28, 000. 00 865, 500. 00 iINewabrtldmesab sbablonsse tks ease ee eee: ke a Oy ee) eee mee eek ae 46, 000. 00 Mefeoroloricall observation stations! =_- 22-2) 22... 2222222282 - =e 60, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 'Popalew Gather bureau. -- - = eran Fe ee eR 2 1,058, 320.00 | 1, 148,520.00 Giraridighotaltie suse Poke Dee Pes tee Vid ope Dn cine toate 3; 303, 5 500. CO £8; 862, 420. 00 1The total appropriations under this he:d are $789.07) and $759,090 for the years given, respectively, but $720,000 of each appropriation is paid directly to the experiment stations from the Treasury Department. Thesumsincladed in the figure columns represent only the amount available for departmental expenditures. NEW BUREAUS Four new bureaus were created by the appropriation act for the year 1902 by raising to that grade certain scientific Divisions of the Depart- ment, as follows Bureau of Plant Industry, which includes what were formerly the Divisions of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, Botany, Pomology, Agrostology, and Experimental Gardens and Grounds. Bureau of Forestry, which is to include forestry work in the United States. Bureau of Soils, for the investigation of soil problems, including the mapping of tobacco soils. Bureau of Chemistry, for the investigation of food adulteration, food preservatives, ete. AGR 1901——17 258 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The several amounts appropriated for these Bureaus are divided as follows: Appropriations for the new Bureaus. | SA Hectares General Bureau. Salaries. expenses. Total. Bureatiol blamey on Gus GIs ys ses eee see eee eee ee eee $39, 680) $165, 000 $204, 680 IWS UEL OW IMOTRES UAL ood coon co oon areas bees seceo ereborece 39, 160 146, 280 185, 440 BureaviGl¢Soils) tessa eee ease Bees ne eone eee eee an eees 18, 140 91, 000 109, 140 BureawmotiChentlistry 62fee2-. so csies eee eee ee eee emia eee 11, 300 24,500 35, 800 A salary of $3,000 each is provided for the chiefs of these Bureaus, with assistants at $2,500 each. The question of salaries for the scien- tific corps of the Department of Agriculture has been a matter of con- sideration by the Committee on Agriculture for several years past. NEW BUILDINGS AT WEATHER BUREAU STATIONS. The Weather Bureau appropriations were increased by $90,000 for 1902 for the purpose of establishing new stations, erecting new build- ings where needed, anew cable to Tatoosh Island, State of Washington, for the circulation of daily weather reports by the newly e established rural free-delivery routes, and for the installation and operation of a system of wireless communication between the mainland and Tatoosh Island. Of this sum, $26,000 is intended for the purchase of a site and the erection of a small brick and wood building at each of the following-named places, for the use of the Weather Bureau, and for all necessary labor, materials, and expenses, plans and specifications, and for the purchase of instruments, furniture, supplies, storm-warn- ing towers, etc., to properly equip the same: Appropriations for new Weather Bureau stations. ‘Atlantic City o- 3. a2 ae cae eae Se oo ee ee $6, 000 iEatterassNe Cassar eee Oe fe eee Stance sige eben 5, 000 HortiCanby. Washist. 2202 22 acd wera oes oe ae eee eee 4, 000 PortiGrescent.ewiash 222 .s2-25. 2 ceeabe cae ow ee eee ee 3, 000 Tatoosh Island, Wash ___-__ ._.- Se EE mene ae gee HET ie es 8 5, 000 IP ointekioyes; (Calsa.05 Ae ot a cer oe aas e ee oee et e 3, 000 otal ese 3 Se ha Sue Sato ASA ee ee ee 26, 000 PLANS FOR NEW ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING. The sum of $5,000 is appropriated ‘‘to enable the Secretary of Agri- culture to have prepared, under his direction, plans for a fireproof administrative building, to be erected on the grounds of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, in the city of Washington, said plans, and such recommendations thereon as the Secretary of Agriculture may deem necessary, to be transmitted to Congress at its next regular session.” This is the first decided and substantial step in the direction of a new administrative building, and is the result of persistent and determined efforts by the Department for many years past. The Committees on Aveloulye and on Appropriations are favorably See toward an appropriation for this purpose, fully realizing its importance, and a very friendly feeling exists among Members of Congress generally, the necessity for a new building being well understood. DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 259 RENT OF ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS. Two thousand dollars is provided for the payment of rent for the ensuing year for the Bureau of Forestry, the accommodations in the main building being wholly inadequate to the needs of the Bureau. In this connection all of the seventh floor and part of the eighth floor of the Atlantic Building, 908 F street NW., was leased on July 1 1901, at an annual rental of $2,000, and the Bureau foree has been installed therein, together with all office fixtures and furniture. The appropriation for the Division of Publications carries $2,500 ‘for the rent of a building and for such alterations as may be needed, for the storage of publications.” The Department has arranged with the owner of ground on B street, between Thirteenth and Thirteen- and-a-half streets SW., who is now erecting a large, double briek building, which is to be completed at an early date, and will be leased by the Department for a period of years, subject to an annual appro- priation by Congress for rental. The building will be arranged expressly to accommodate the work of the Division of Publications in the storing and handling of publications. These sums added to the amounts paid for other private property already under lease will make for rental in the District of. Columbia, for the year ending June 30, 1902, over $10,000. LAW CLERK. In the estimates for this Department for the fiseal year ended June 30, 1897, one “Slaw clerk” was provided for at an annual salary of 2,200. The recommendation failed to receive the approval of Con- gress, and no further effort has been made in that direction. Since then, however, on account of the urgent necessity for legal advice, a third- class clerk on the roll of the Secretary has been detailed to act as law clerk, and assigned to duty in the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Although not a regular graduate, this clerk has a fair knowledge of law, especially departmental, and has performed the duties of ‘the trying position very acceptably. The legal work of the Department has increased enormously during the past two or three years, while the importance and serious charac- ter of the questions involved require the most careful and expert con- sideration. The amount and importance of the work will continue to increase with the growth and development of the Department; in fact the work has already g grown to such proportions that the services of an assistant law clerk. could be utilized not only to advantage, but will shortly become an actual necessity. This is the only Department of the Government without a statutory roll for legal experts, and it is earnestly recommended that a law clerk be included in the estimates of this Department for the next fiscal year. REVISED EDITION OF THE FISCAL REGULATIONS. A revised edition of the ‘‘ Fiscal regulations of the Department” was issued on July 1, 1901. This edition includes all amendments made necessary by recent rulings of the Comptroller of the Treasury; it also includes certain modifications of the rules of the Department governing field expenses, ete. Among other changes $5 is allowed for daily subsistence instead of $4, as formerly. Laundry expenses are also allowed when the travel extends beyond one week. 260 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. REPEAL OF ACT PROHIBITING ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION. The act approved March 35, 1885, relating to additional compensa- tion to employees of the Department of Agriculture, has a very important bearing upon the work of the Department, and it is thought proper to include in this report a letter from the Secretary of Agri- culture on the subject, to the chairman of the Senate Committee on Agriculture and. Forestry, as this letter fully explains the situation as affected by the act. The repeal of this section was approved. by the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agri- culture and Forestry at the last session of Congress. The repealing clause, as recommended in the Seeretary’s letter to Senator Proctor, had the expressed approval and support of both committees, and appeared as an amendment tothe Senate bill, but for some reason the amendment was stricken from the bill in the committee on confer- ence. It is hoped that the objectionable section may be uncondition- ally repealed at the next session of Congress, The letter is as follows: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D. C., January 17, 1901, Hon, REDFIELD PROCTOR, Chairman Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Senate. Sir: In making the appropriation for this Department for the fiscal year 1886 (act approved March 3, 1885, 23 Statutes at Large, 353-356), Congress saw proper to enact a section worded as follows: “Sec. 2. That no part of the money herein or hereafter appropriated for the Department of Agriculture shall be paid to any person, as additional salary or compensation, receiving at the same time other compensation as an officer or employee of the Government; and in addition to the proper vouchers and accounts for the sums appropriated for the said Department, to be furnished to the account- ing officers of the Treasury, the Commissioner of Agriculture shall at the com- mencement of such regular session present to Congress a detailed statement of the expenditure of all appropriations for said Department for the last preceding fiscal year.” The effect of this enactment was to impose upon this Department restrictions and duties from which other Departments have remained free. Iam advised that the foregoing restriction upon the use of the appropriations for this Department was imposed because a former official had somehow managed to receive compensa- tion from the Government from three different sources. The restriction was not then, and has not been since, imposed upon the other Executive Departments, pre- sumably because Congress is not aware of any necessity for such legislation. The singling out of this one Department (which was at that time a much less important establishment than it is at present) and the maintenance of this dis- tinction down to this time may justly be looked upon as a reflection upon the official management of the business of the Department of Agriculture. The dis- tinction should be obliterated, either by imposing it upon other Departments, or by relieving this Department from the necessity of observing it. The public interests do not appear to require it. Other Departments do not suffer trom lack of the protection it was supposed toafford. On the other hand, it doesmost seriously militate against the interests of this Department by prohibiting the employment of technical experts who happen to be connected with other branches of the Gov- ernment for special service in this Department. It renders it impossible for this Department to utilize, even in the smallest way, the service of many of the ablest specialists in the country. It inflictsa heavy burden upon the Disbursing Officer, who is thuscompelled to maintain a constant watch over the entire public service; and in spite of the utmostcare, itis not always possible for himto avoid actual losses. Indeed, it would seem to impose upon him the necessity of being always provided with the names of all the employees of the Government, not only in Washington, but elsewhere throughout the country, and his list would need to be, at all times, kept corrected to date. This is manifestly an impossibility. I therefore recommend the immediate and unconditional repeal of the clause Imposing the restriction herein referred to. With respect to the second clause of the section above quoted, I would respect- DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 261 fully suggest that I know of no reason why this Department should be required to furnish detailed statements of expenditures not required by the general statutes of all the Executive Departments. Not only, however, does the section referred to require every year ‘‘a detailed statement of the expenditure of all-appropria- _ tions” for this Department, but section 11, of the act of Congress approved May 29, 1884, establishing the Bureau of Animal Industry, also requires ‘‘an itemized statement of all expenditures under that act.” Thus a duplication of a consider- able part of this work is made necessary. I inclose herewith a copy of the statement of the expenditures (House Doc, No. 173, Fifty-sixth Congress) for 1899. It is a document of 234 pages. The cost of its preparation and publication amounts to several hundred dollars. Its value is exceedingly doubtful. Certainly the time of the clerks engaged upon it might be better employed upon other work, and the cost of printing it could be better used in issuing some bulletin of real value to the agricultural interests of the country. I should not like to be understood as wishing to be relieved of any duty properly imposed by Congress on all the Departments alike. IWeither would I seek to avoid any special burden imposed upon this Department if the conditions in this Depart- ment differed in any material respect from those existing in other Departments. But I would respectfully suggest that, unless there be some good reason for requiring the detailed statements called for by the section I have quoted, that the requirement be no longer continued. 1 therefore respectfully recommend that in the pending bill making appropria- tions for this Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, a clause be inserted, or added, in substance as follows: “That section 2 of the act approved March 3, 1885, chapter 338, Forty-eighth Congress, Session II, imposing restrictions and duties upon the Department of Agriculture not imposed upon the other Executive Departments, be, and the same is hereby, repea'ed.”’ I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES WILSON, Secretary. IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE APPROPRIATIONS. Forty-seven thousand dollars of the appropriations for 1902 was made ‘‘immediately available,” divided among certain funds, as shown in the following statement. The question of making a part of an appropriation immediately available is assuming a serious aspect. The practice is contrary to the avowed policy of the Department and should not only be discouraged but totally discontinued. During the last two or three years there has developed a decided and growing tendeney in that direction. In practically every instance an imme- diately available appropriation is in the nature of a deficiency to the appropriation of the preceding year, the only difference being in the fact that the amount of the deficiency is carried i. the annual appro- priation bill instead of in the regular deficiency bill. Amounts immediately available. Grassanud torace-plant investigations. 2-2! 2i22 222 5 eee $5, 000 STE CULO fa SOU seein bin aes beaters Ae eA tN cat Se a lye ie el 2 See 10, 000 SCE Caan CH OTE INGE Ve sete oe Os oe a reso es ok te ee, ae ee es 5, 000 Colleciimptagricul tural. StatisSblCSe-2) ee oe ne eee 3, 000 Biological Survey _-..-------. Stal hy Sa bee eet Deed et ce a ch ee ger 1,000 Zr ne ei hil OT See eens tee Soe Ser eS eT ae ee en ee a ene ewes UNE eee 8, 000 BR OAC IL GIT OM ere See ates Sere oe eee a ee Sloe PORE edn ric yo Me, eee om OO ACTICHIFUrALeXPOLiMoOnt SbariOnd: 2244 seen eee ee) oa ee ee 3, 000 Purehase and distribution of valuable seeds.._.__....-......---.-.--.---. 5,000 LEGA WOOL Oop CG bh yee Be Ok Sed eee DS see oe ge 4: ea eee 5, 000 AMO IONS et Ue SE ee ee a ei) i eee ee ee eee . 47,000 262 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. LEASED BUILDINGS, WITH LOCATION AND MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RENTAL. In the District of Columbia.—Vhe following is a statement of the location, annual rental, and use of the several buildings under lease by the Department in the District of Columbia during the year ended June 30, 1901: No. 1362 B street SW., Bureau of Animal Industry laboratory No. 1358 B street SW., Division of Botany laboratory No. 1364 B street SW., Division of Chemistry laboratory No. 212 Thirteenth street SW., Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pa- thology laboratory _-- No, 214 Thirteenth street SW., Division of Soils laboratory_._._____- Outside the District of Columbia.—The following are the Bureau of Animal Industry, Division of Botany, and Weather Bureau stations under lease by the Department outside of the District of Columbia during the year ended June 30, 1901: BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Stations, with location and monthly or annual rental. Station. Location. Rent. BaltintorewMidi=s-se.- 2 2se = Nose SS tebanlustrectavcencseer= sere eee nees esses $125 per annum. Bostonmiass 2-25-6925 INO 44 Kal by Stree bis sae o.-2e sn o> sae eee eee $30 per month. IButialo. New s-s= 2222s ee-s East Buffalo Live Stock Exchange Building_ ___- Do. Chica rowllses =e. eee No. 4193 South Halsted street ---.-----.---------- $225 per month. 1 DY) Sees ae Union Stock Yards, Center and Exchange aye- | $75 per month. nues. GarticlahiNediseespeees aera (Quarantine\station) Seesesseeee se eens aoe $1, 800 per annum. Mmonis valle Key eases nee National Stock Yards, Il_- New York, N. Y DOr Ses.3 Se eee et WIG Wen See San Francisco, Cal South St. Joseph, Mo St. Denis, Mdi.---- Cheyenne, Wyo Cincinnati, Ohio Milwaukee; wis 222222 2. <= Knoxville, Tenn -| Corner Central and James streets 3) Live Stock Exchange Building Live Stock Exchange Building------.-_..-. -_---- (Quarantine station) No.507 Johnson street -___------ te Live Stock Exchange Building. .__...___.._.---.- INOS Broadway, eee ce coe eee ee oe ee No. 109 West Forty-second street__-.--.---. ------ No. 70 Plume street Si#HIGOdsB mildin cies ses aan eee St. Joseph Stock Yard Company Building Ce per anine station) (0-22. T tee as Se ee arren Block, Sixteenth street_...-.-..--..-.--- Exchange Building, Jackson street Gross Bolan pe oe eee eee arenes The Deaderick Building =-._ <2--2- 2 +--- L222 $10 per month. $45 per month. $16.50 per month. $250 per annum. _| $10 per month. $50 per month. $500 per annum. $40 per month. $210 per annum. $20 per month. $45 per month. $225 per annum. $45 per month. $180 per annum. $17 per month. $10 per month. DIVISION OF BOTANY. Kensington, Mdis® S22 .2o2 |S ins ee ee .| $50 per annum. 2638 DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. OQ BOTORACUIL SULA OSBIT ‘JUSMMIOIISY U9}JIIM Iepug qQ ‘dvos puv ‘10jBa ‘aor ‘smmoord ‘VSB[JONUL ‘YUL ‘seyoRwUL “4USIL ‘douvoyo ‘yvoPT “QUST puv ‘1ouvalo ‘yvoy ‘punods jo yuey ‘ssord Surgurid jo 10jout 1OF JUALIN) OL.110019 ‘901 ‘SULOOA ‘OSB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘seToyRUL “QYSIL ‘touvelo ‘ywVo_{ “1o}VM PO pUuB JOY “4YSI] ‘sorA.aos Logluel “QvoFyT ‘SJUOUINAISUL PUIM JO oNsOdxe LOW ‘IBT[IO JO asNn PUR ‘dL ‘SmOOAd ‘aSB[IONUL “YUL ‘setToJvUL ‘[IO “QYSIL ‘ouvepo ‘yvoTT ‘ouoy dee} puw yySyp oLtqoopoy ‘dvos puw ‘1oyR a ‘oor ‘suoOad ‘eSBTIONU ‘YUL ‘soyOyRUL “4QUSIT ‘ouvolo ‘yeoTxT ‘OOTAdeS LOJLUBL PUB JvVOAy “L9JBM GOL PUB “YYSIT ‘LeuRe[o ‘4yvoFT ‘OOL puB ‘STOOL ‘esB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘seyo.RUL ‘[1o ‘4YSIT ‘temas “yeoT ‘OSRITONUL pus ‘YUL ‘soqogvur ‘[LO ‘4YLSIl ‘touvepo ‘yvoFT “1aqyeM pure ‘oor ‘suIood ‘aSB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘seTOyRUt ‘[LO ‘ouBaTO ‘yvoFT 19 “4199 00 OF 2 Gg “BEG? O00 'O8F ? 00 06 2 16 696 00 °09§ Y 08006 Y 00 “6Ge Y O00 '06T ? 96 Tle? GF Fabs Y JO0.14S TIW9O4XIS 4S9.A\ QTZ-9TS ‘SUIP[INg [VloLourMION UT “777 S}00.1S JUL PUB Opel], Lous09 ‘Surpting oljqnd uz ‘S]00.138 yoinyy) puv [teag teudoo ‘surpling Teyuepuig uy en 5 da a oiunbs oolgo-9sod ‘surpting orqnud uy Goi aaa aie 490.148 ULV] gag ON ‘SULP[INg vuUOS UT CEI? 400148 ULB UO ‘[eJOH TVUOTIVNY Jo Bpodnod uG it aieey aint Oe ae? te O RAISE OCOD EE ORE jooljs ule, UO SO $}00.14S ISI] PUB ULB] LeuL09 ‘Surpyinq orfqud uy Sees ONUGAB ISI] T10G ‘SUIP[INg wep.of 28 LOY[BA\ UT ----sjo014s ALU] Puy [[BAA dousoo past Lse orqud uy “4oo.14s PABAOF YIAION Zeg ‘AjISLeatug suppdoy suyor pe bite ea eee jood4s UIVAL ‘SULp[Ing uvuU[og ut *SJ00.19S eueely) puv [jeqduRy aeuto. ‘Surprmq oqud uy ‘onu -OAB OLJUBLZY [@Fl “SUIpP[ING Avy] puv oyvysq [voy uy 8390148 T[JAS.LOT PUB “UOITBM ‘pRodg JeUudoOo ‘SUIP[ING [wyuopnig uy RASS 499.148 [BIOLOMIULOL/ CFG ‘ON $}001]S [AIL] puev YLOg 1ou.0/) Ze SSeS agen fs ae ee $j00.1}8 YOO puv Layojo[y 1euL0p jo0.148 03R4g pus ABMpROIg LOU.LO9 ‘Surpting orqud up pene seaaass-"-9199198 ISLET WINOG UO —sopuypouy “quoy ‘Oya ‘yunouly “UMOTYBOO'T y ‘OSBOT SUTJSIXO TATA OOUBPALODOB UTD ppc ore sas o£ M ‘oudeAoyD ie cit aaaigiaial Gao UOT, *BS00UBI4EY,) en ee RE bo ~ 2 ON ‘9990].1eq) ph ee O'S ‘WoOyse[ Ley piv het eae AON ‘AQID WOsaRD BiSt0 CO pasos CN ‘Avy odep BA ‘Aduey edey Sse o <[o nee oe eae S oem IIT O.tre) ercccccc cee Tne S Sark ewes soko eee: SSv] ‘WO4sOg | oyBpy ‘estog { IY “Purvysy Yoorg | PAG aie eee Da XB N ‘Yorvusiqg ef ae BLY ‘UWeYySULU.ig ACN ‘uojywmeysurg 5s Gis oe cna PIT ‘etouary [eg hale one acbale Sis LOSIIGO ‘AUD z9yBg TSE aoe SS ae By) ‘Bjsnsny face pees f° N ‘441 onueay Ee Noh aa Ma Se eal By) BqUBYAW a OE ete WOSII(Y ‘BLIOJSW sal oe et eg AS A xO], ‘OT Leary Spe oe eh re Youn ‘Bued lw wenn een ance e een anne AN ‘Auvqry xXOL, ‘ouelIqy “SNOLLVIS SALVIS GH0IND “WOTIBYS ON ‘uojxng “OVUNNd WHALVE AM *SOYO}VUE “SOON “Ady “LOpUDE “PYHY “7MoY sp Suajr Yous Hurpnpour ‘joj Udt PONUUY PUY WOLYZDSO] YpLat ‘sUoL,DIS! ‘ON DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 26 ‘duos pure ‘.1ogRa ‘dT ‘SULOO. ‘OSRTIONUT ‘YUL ‘SoTOJ BUT ‘[LO ‘4YSI[ \LowBeo “qvoy “OnUsAB TOS 00 ‘9GFD div pus 490.148 WOjSUtpN’T 19.109 ‘yoorg aeureg Uy | YOUN “Bqvuawosyy | GF ait oe Page ta] | ama 400.148 03845 pus MOY Aled ‘surpring orjqnd uy |-----* ---- -----------=---- Bg ‘orag | oF ie eae hel eee ~ $J001}S UOSIIQ PUB SINO'T “4g ‘durpiimq orjqnd uy |----*---------------- xogy,‘oseg Tq | IF “TOYRM ‘ONUOAY SIAR PUB pUB ‘ool ‘soyoq}vUt ‘TIO ‘AY sI] ‘S[oOA\0J Surysva ‘1ouvap ‘qvoy | op ‘00g” joo14S PAG], 1eutoo ‘sulpling uueqg a ployaeAy Uy |---~ 7-7-7777 BAA ‘SUTHIG | OF $]00.14S Tazo aera UOISUIYSeA PUB 1O{VAA LOUALOD ‘Surplinq orfqnd up |---~--~----7--++s+"+ OPT ‘Qaodyseq | GF eae OCC Eis State age ein ee j00148 LoWwosy ‘eoyjo YdBiseey UT |~--"~- ------- YSBAA ‘ULETTRIO ISB | FF ‘4qSI[ puv ‘1ouvepo ‘4Quoy | YOON = |-- 77 7777777 ONUGAB SNC UINIO/) PUB 490.198 JUOLY LAULOD [~~~ 777 rr BYSBLY ‘O[Sey SF BERS Sas “gSeA\ ‘ONUOAB TAITY PUB 490.148 JSALy ‘SUIp[INg “qnd uy |---------*----**""-- ca ‘aging & 83900148 [QUIN *IOJVM PUB ITZST] ‘LomRalO ‘4voF | OO NOF”P pus UlBT 1oudoOd ‘SUIP[INg SoDURAINSUT puB yuBg uy |-------- 7777-7 o> BMoyT ‘enbuqnq | [fF ‘AIOYVART pus ‘YStod 6Ao4s ‘soysnaq ‘dvos ‘oye M ‘oor ‘smOOAd ‘AS¥TIONU ‘YUL ‘seyoyeUl 4qst, ‘touvelo ‘ywoR | cg:ccen = |-------- Roe en ag sam Jools JUOI WO ‘YOo[G UOSVeg |~-~~~--~*-----"-"----suvy ‘espoq | oF *LOJVAITO PUB ‘ABOS '19}BM ‘dT ‘SUIOO.T ‘es BTIONUL ‘sqoo.1ys ‘YUL ‘soqoyeut [lo ‘teMod puv JUSSI] OLtjoeLo ‘touUBEO ‘yee | 00019” SSOISMOD PUB P[OMSIIy) 10UL09 ‘SUIp[INg ISNA, WOIUG) |--- >> 77> YO ‘F1O1J9q | 6g “ONUGAB ree Sen JAMO puY joor4s Y4jJIQ toudoo ‘surpying oyqnd uy ~---~-~---------BMoy‘seuloyy seq = ge *sJ00.14S ped aa es coyvduly puv 44UeE4XIg Jeus00 ‘Sutpting o1qnd uy |-------------------- oop ‘aeaueq | se Tees “oo-""")""s700148 Allod puv YyInog 1eutoo ‘Sulp[iMq orqnd uy |-----------*---- emoy ‘gaoduearq | o¢ Sts ityers os “"""""SUIP[IMNG UO4BIG SUIABY es] S9}V49g peyrug Uy |-------""--"ON “JeTUT YonyanyD = cg ‘'SJ00.1]Ss Sofdoog puv ‘QU ST] pur ‘.1euveo ‘qvep | 00 '6Ge2 eyInbsey{ 1duU109 ‘SuIp[Ing UoOsJzeqoy puv yoyBA Uy |~---~----->7- xoay ‘stiqo sud.oy ; ‘O9l PUB ‘SOTOIVUL ‘AUST ‘LouBve[O ‘qveH | OO'G6ZD = Jt 409.148 TIXIS F0G ‘SUIP[ING edqJO-4SOg |-~-~-77 777 TTT suvy ‘eIp.loouo;) § ¢¢ *(90gFO 4sod WOAy PUY OF [TVUL) BdIAAOS AeSuosseUt JoOLIgsIp pue ‘ssord toy 1oAiod o1ajoeyo ‘surdéjooa04s 10y ses ‘ouoydeley JO Jued ‘ssvy pue s[aMo} SuIySBA ‘109RA | OUI ‘SMLOOL ‘OSBILONUL ‘UT ‘so|o}VUl ‘TIO ‘YYST[ ‘eaveyo ‘yvoy | 00 ‘919” “== 499198 TSI Y9NOYG ETZ-E0¢ ‘Yoorg Al1oqy Ul ogo ‘suquIn[op | Z¢ “PUST] pUB‘Louve[o‘yvoH | QN'O9EP 5}00A]SSTALON PUR UTYPY LoUL0d JsoM ALOU ‘[[VH APIO UT |-7--- = CVG ‘wIquanfon | TE “AQISIOA zine 7777-">) -Tu) 097899 sndur¥o ‘suIp[INg ese][oOD [Baing[noLasy up |--------------------oT_ “BIquINnyog | 0g “ULOO.LI109S PUB ‘S[BUSIS LOFT A41oL1q90eTe ‘SurdAjoo.1egs | AOF SBS *IOJOUL OTAJOOTO LOZ TaMod ‘setp~ddus Jo[109 ‘19ywA $]900.1]S OLIBJUGQ PUB ‘OoT “SULOOL ‘OSUTIONUT ‘YUL ‘soyo}VUL ‘[10 “AU SI] ‘\Aouvalo ‘ywoxyT | OOOFT‘TY | orenbg orqng teus09 ‘Surpling sSuravg 10f AJEIN0G UT |-----------""*"--- OO ‘puBeAZIO | 66 $]00.1]S UB] MEP or Beas pur ynuUlVM UWoseM4oq Jo9148 TILA ‘Surpling o1jqnd uy |---------->------ ono ‘WeUUtoUrD | 9g *LojVB ASO puv ‘dvos ‘Jood4s ssa..suog | “LOYVAM “OOT “OSBITONUT ‘YUL *SoTO}VUL ‘TIO ‘AU ST] ‘douveETO ‘QvoFT | 0O'0V8‘TSY, PUB ONUEAB YSeqeA JoULOD ‘SurIplIng {0} NY KONE a6 hy | ORC SISOS ILI ‘OSvorqD | +6 *ponuty -U00—SNOLLVLS SULVLIS GALINA | —sopnypouy “qunouy | “UOTJBOO'] “MOIZBYS | ‘ON “quoy ‘ponul}UO)—'dja ‘sayopnur ‘suoo0.ug ‘aaa Suozriinl ‘7 y61) ‘Qoay sp swazr yons Burprjowr *)O,UAL JONWUY PUY UOL){N20) YIIN ‘sU0IDIS DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. ‘90TACOS 1OJIUBE pUuv ‘Joo. Jo osu ‘puBySYSBA\ ‘JoTIO} JO asn ‘1o}VAd “4ST “YBoH ‘OOr puB ‘sulooAg ‘SeTOJ VU ‘4ILSI] ‘touve]o “yvopy *T1OQVM puv ‘eof ‘stioo1g ‘eSuyIonutr ‘yur ‘seyoyVUL ‘[10 “FYST] ‘touve[pD *LOJBM PUB ‘19}BA\ DOT ‘STLOOA ‘4ILSIT ‘omve[o ‘yBVoHL ‘OOTALOS TOjTUBl puB ‘4yST] ‘BOTT ‘QUSI] pus ‘1ouvelo ‘vo . ‘oor puw ‘sui001q ‘eSvplonur ‘YUL ‘seyoyRUL ‘TIO ‘qydI[T ‘touRe[O “YVoFT *IOJVVA PUB ‘SoTOJIVU ‘4ST ‘Louvoo ‘wo ‘qasopo ayBVM pu ‘duos ‘gor ‘sumOOrd ‘eSBTIONUL ‘YUL ‘SoOJVUL “4ILSIT ‘touveyo “vo *10JBM plod pu Joy ‘4RoTL ‘QUST, puy ‘1oaveyo ‘yvoH *LOJBM PUB SOOT ‘SUIOO ‘SeTOPVUL “YY ‘Louvalo ‘ywoPT ‘dvos pure ‘su1o0o0.1q ‘oSR[lONUt ‘YUL ‘Soyo} VUE ‘TIO ‘4Y.ST] ‘LoUvolo ‘yVoH ‘deos pur ‘suro0o.1q ‘osR[lonul ‘YUL ‘SeT[OY BUI ‘SSUINAIBA ULIOJS PUB DOTJO OJ IILST] ‘LouveElo ‘4voTL "STOMOY pur ‘dvos ‘1098M ‘soyojvut ‘{10 ‘4Y SIT ‘solAdos a0qtuvl ‘quo ‘STLOO.IG PUB ‘OSR[IONUL ‘YUL ‘SoTO} BUT ‘[10 “GY SIT ‘Louvo]o “ywop, ‘deos pur ‘9dr ‘sutoo.q ‘10ZBAOTO ‘107 BM “QUST ‘LouBoyo ‘qvop, : ‘edTA. Los auUOYdeey puv ‘sdour ‘oor ‘SULOOAY ‘OSR[LONUL ‘YUL ‘SOTOJVUL *[LO ‘FY.ST] ‘LouBelo ‘yvo FT *OOL PUR “4ILSTT ‘.LoUROTO ‘QROFT 10] BAN pUL ‘SsmIOOAG ‘oSRTONUT ‘UT ‘SoToyeUt ‘TIO “4YSIT ‘towvao ‘yvoHT ‘OSBO| SUIJSIXO YALA VoUBp.0008 Ul” 00 ‘0Gr ? 00099 2 00'0L6 00 ‘000 ‘T 00 OL ? 00 ‘O0F ? 00 S28 2 00 “88¢ 2 00 “09 2 0S FST 2 00 ‘008 ? 00 'O8F 2 66° LEG Y 00009 ? O00 O9F Y won ---------- 400.148 J 61g SUIp[Ing 1e]gng puv yueq Ut “‘SOnUOAB JoUIdeD pur UBSIQOIP, 1oUA109 ‘SuIp[ing [elope uy Cen 400.148 ULB 92 °ON ‘YOO[ 8. Ulel] 2 soung uy --$900.198 09849 pUv YJINo0Y 1eU.100 SOG oyqud up eg aR aE a ER EES eessouuay, JO AVISeATu Ly) sees" """""-Ov0q OY} UO ‘SUIP[INg NveiIng 1ey}VeA\ UT ----$900.198 [JBM PUB BANC JOUL09 ‘SUIpPTIng oJle AA UT *s] 90.198 nvepusl_d pus qJueseg aeuatoo ‘Surpiimq oqnd uy "400.148 WIUIN puv ONUGAB PUBIY ToU109 ‘SUIP[INg OFeIy UT *$]00.198 PUIG pue ULB] 1OW.100 ‘SuIp[ing yur [VUOTJVN peluoH uy “ORS OSHOY-IYSI[ Lvou SUIp[INg nveing 1oyyvVo AM UT abba naar emits c q0o0.148s AB JSOM QeyT ‘SUIP[INg LOjsy UT CO Cee atta a AJISLOATUL) [[EULOH ‘[[BH UpOoULT uy ‘$]00.1]S PULL -£rveyy puv viuvalAsuuoeg 1t9u.100 ‘Surpying o1seley, UT -$100.14S PABA PY PUB Joye LOULO9 ‘osSNOHY UBUAON UT Grr ee Soe Ste eR ers ONUIAB BIOYRG Lee ‘Wool, stayor ul ‘s]00.14S o[BAOY OST puy UESpleys 1eu.109 JSOMYIAOU ‘SULp[INg Uspleys Uy “ONUGAB YAXIG PUB J901JS ULV], LOUL09 “YooTg toMod Ul ‘SONUOAB YINOY pus pany, Wo9M4oq “400.148 ISAT “SULp[INg UeAOTUeSsNy) UT erie: ocean eenwesssooeso=-= NBOL ULBUL ‘OSNOP] §,U01AS UT -$300198 JNU[BVAA PUB PAY, LoU.to09 ‘surp[ing orqud uy -qoo1j}s YYXIG pus ABA pVOAg 1tou.09 ‘Sulpting orfqud uy cae JooT]S UOISUIYSRA Sve-F2e ‘MOOT AeTJUSUIAB Ul ““""" §990148 ULB PUB YQAINOW Lou..oo9 ‘yooTG wouBH UT -$300.148 UOISUrYySeM PUB PAIG, Louto9 ‘osnoy AopynH » "qea14s soo -4s0g eg ‘Suipting Isnay, pus weo'yT ‘yustteaoarduy UL "qoo148 T 9COT ‘ON ‘Surp[ing Ouse. Jo YUN [BVUCTABNT SLOULIV YL qoo.148 SBUXOT, PUB ONUOAT SSUIUUO LP LoUAO9 ‘SuTpTIMG o[qud uy -------qo90a9S UYXIG Uo ‘Surpting orjqnd uy "qoo1ys yaIvq pus onuoav uoedsy 1ouw.l09 ‘asnqq0H UBSITTI Ul ; *sJ90A1J}S OLOUTBIAG PUY OULA VOOAJOq 100.1448 pUOddY ‘SUIP[INg [Blepay UT 'S]00.148 4) puve puodsg dous00 ‘SUIpPTING Yorrq sung uy ae ee. a oe, oyepy ‘WoIstMarT Poesy pe. aan Yor ‘Ssutsuv'y Cena ae Sa aka oA A ‘LopuR'yT GREE Dr a aaa SLAA ‘OSSOLD BT a seh anh pean uua, ‘OT[TA XOUyy ao ON “yAveq Aggy Sooo re enna oem ASOIAN AOS ---- +--+ ---~+----- -~ BAOT ‘YNYOOS aint ere cre sense of ‘AQID SvsuBy oo +--+ ++ 2 --+------ quoy ‘Todstjey BrP 1 dct a ely ‘teqrdne Tc eta as Lane eee OLLLAUOS OBL de oe ee ne AN ‘BOBVyyy RGR Eee a or put ‘stjodvuripuy woo >>> = >"""="-TB ‘e9mepuedepuy w---------+2+-------- Weq ‘Ss ‘uoinyy rs a eee Worl ‘Uopy.Snopyy PE ink) quOy, ‘BUuelTOH Saas Rapes pee ame LO TROL ACe Ey: hr Sa a O'N ‘SB10}98 FL Tic oko Ieee poe CE Ca AOS LiLer, Se ee Soe Ses oe OPT | BORG En ASS oo ia haere, SLAA ‘Avg weal) pecan? oTOD ‘uoToUNE puB.Iy sroo->--""°"" TOL ‘WOABH PUB.LH) Sc 555° 553525 + > RO paOIseaTse) So eee Sores > Gana STB MOUS CUT Sagan ae obese XOT, ‘TWITOM 107 hin a ee YCLY “YFG 4.10 eee ice a” tetas ZILW ‘PRISsepy gk ai aes ae A pu] ‘ST [TASUBATT Rae eres SSS eS SS [vo ‘vyorngy DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 266 ‘S[BUSIS TOF JUSIT OLMJooTO PUB ‘1OZBA\ ‘BOT ‘SUTOOAG ‘OSB[IONUL ‘YUL “QUST, ‘Qvoy “poy Boo, SI SUIP[INg Nveing J1eq{veM FOIA UO puNnoAs Jo IUeT LOT ‘sorjddns puv sooAo[dure 10F Uo1yeya0dsuv.1y pus ‘1o4BM ‘SUIOOALG ‘OSB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘SooyvUT ‘TIO ‘YY SIT ‘yVoH ‘dvos puv ‘109 BA ‘9dr ‘STOO, ‘eselionur ‘yur ‘seyoyeur ‘oomjo AOJ 4ST ‘teuvelo ‘yvoFT *sqUOTIN..4sSUt ioyJ etnsodxe puv ‘sulooiq ‘setoJRUL ‘JY SIT ‘touveTo ‘ywvop ‘ODT PUB ‘SUIOOA ‘OSB[LONUT ‘YUL ‘Sot O} VUE ‘[IO “YYSITT ‘Yvo_T *LOJPBAYTO PUB ‘*.191BA ‘4ILST] ‘ToUBalO ‘QuoPT *19]BM PUB YBOFT *19}Ba uv ‘dvos ‘oor ‘sul0odq ‘seTojyvUI ‘[IO ‘4YSIT ‘aeuBveTO ‘yvVayT Pp t q qT IT I *punods Jo yuo ‘dvos pur ‘.1a9BM ‘901 ‘SULOOAd ‘OSETIONUL ‘YUL ‘SOTOJBUT “4U.SIT ‘touvETO ‘yvo_ “TeyeM PUB ‘9dr ‘SULOOA ‘OSB[TONUL ‘YUL ‘Set op BUT “AIST] ‘teuvesyo ‘yeoHL —sepupout ‘quoy 00 "UL% ? 00°¢ » 00 0a ? 1B "GG D 00°009 9 00098 2 00264 00 OF 2 00016” 08 "goes 2 | gnujseyD pue qyanog ‘qunouly $J90.13S 1dJBA\ PUP ULB, 1eu.109 ‘asnoy qn[O oylovg uy qIULUINns UG ‘sred[e -uBy, Juno, Yeod usoysve ‘Surpiing A104ywAaaesqo ut *8300.148 YJXIG puBv yuo” JeudOD ‘yUeg [BUOTIVN 4SIlq Uy “ONUGAR 1084 -XO( PUB J001]S DOUIIMB'T LOT.109 ‘Sutpring os1jqnd uy peed ea ag oer ema a jyodep pror[iey oyloeg pu qv Uy : ‘sjoo.14s jeAoy puv slUuvIgyg AeuLOO'SUIp[Ing o1qnd uy “‘YANOs ‘ONUGAB 4SIlLy puv joouys pal, 1eus100 ‘Surpting o1qnd uy ‘sJe01}s UOSyoRVeP PUR UOS -LOJJor US9M4OQ ‘499.198 UISUOOST AA ‘SUIplIMq olqnd uz Sa eee Rares 490198 ULV] UO SUIpP[INg uoyysle'yT uy ‘qoo.14s TAqSIq puv onudsaR puodes-AQUOM J, LOU.100 SULptIng o1qud ut *sJ00.14S J1n0D W4nog puv UIR]{ J9UA0) ‘Sulpting acqjog uy 8900148 JUOIy PUB UOJSUurIyse AA, I9ULOO JSvVOT INOS ‘YUK SSuIAVY AJUNOH ojJonHaivyl UT SSO TSS E RSE aS Pgerdary © oom Sai hen eyouvoy [ejoH{ Uy (io ak heme eae O'N ‘Oojuvyy Ive ‘quUIOg SAle Ay FV *$J00.1}8 Adioq[iny{, puv palyy, aeuso09 ‘surtprinq orqnd uz | SP agg hg age Ca he ae 900.138 ULB] 08 ‘SuULp[Ing MB'T UT *sq00.1]s qeutood ‘suIp[iInd oyqnd uy apes Sake joor3s Jutidg Y4Nog FeO, ‘SULP[INg Wos{I A, UT ‘suLIdg pus IojJUsH MeeM4Joq Joo.1Is puodeS UO ‘sUIpTIng o1jqnd uy ‘sjeo14s J, pue YIJIOM,L 1OU.LOO ‘SUIPTING vVYSBIqeN Jo AJISMOAIUA UT ~~~ "900.148 SUOJSOTUTT YINOG ‘SULP[INng ese[[OH 99%49 UT “MOTIBOO'T SSB] ‘Qoxonque HN ‘uojsuryse mM Junoyy Pie cae ea LG) ‘sredjeuyy, qunojyy BOT aa a ee UU] “‘pvey.1ooyy Bly ‘A1omlosyuoyy Y[e1Q ‘vuepoyy ig? Fao ee ai RLV ‘STIQOK UUL], ‘Stjodveuurpy Se ee SS ae “"-"" SLAY ‘OOHNBATITA SSeS S53 SC sears quosT ‘AIH Seltyt SSI] ‘URIPIeyT PRETITS Sct Sse sieaae uuay ‘styduey | TOU ‘oyjonbavyy aE O'N ‘ooqueyT Bx) ‘UOORIL "7" BA ‘SinqyouAsTT Paasche soca SSS ---- AY ‘e][IASMO'T socrresaesnsser-c ary SeTesIry SO YLV ‘HOY p33] AQeN ‘Upooury Set Anas pepitattd Ay ‘u04sulxe'T *penury -W09—SNOILVAIS SALVIS GaLINA ‘U01YBI1S *‘ponulyu0p—'aza ‘sayoqnue *swmooug ‘aor ‘uoqrunl ‘ayby ‘nay sp swage yons Hurpnjour ‘ozUas JoNUUWY PUY UOYWHIO) YZIN ‘sUu01qDIg cOT TOL 267 DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. ‘O[CBOTJORACUIL SULO( OSBAT ‘QUOUTOAISY U9}JIIAM Tapuy q ‘eoRvUINy SurdAjoosojs 10] sve puv ‘ssoad IOJ LOMO OLIJOoTO “LOZBAOTO ‘1OJVM “4ILSIT ‘touRe[O ‘QRoTT ‘dvos pur ‘Oot SMIOOLG ‘ASB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘Set OJ VU [IO “FYSI] ‘Louvosyo ‘yBoFT ‘STOMOJ PUB ‘s.logsnp ‘seysn.aq ‘dvos ‘1oyVa ‘QOL ‘SMIOOA ‘OSBIIONUL ‘YUL ‘SOTOyVUT ‘TLO ‘4ST ‘Lowvoyo ‘yvoFT “‘QOSO[O-19] BM LOF JUOT 109B AY *TOJVA PUB “QYST[ ‘LoWvold ‘YwoFT ‘dBos pus ‘Qo] ‘SULOOAG ‘OSBIONUL ‘YUT ‘SoTOJVUL ‘TIO ‘AUST ‘euBoTo ‘QvoTT *LOJVA PUB ‘ITS ‘LoUBo[O “QuoF, ‘deos puUv'.109BAd ‘oor ‘SMIOOIq ‘eSB[[ONUI ‘HUT ‘soyoyRUr ‘4ULSTl ‘4yvoH ‘dvos puv ‘109Ba ‘oor ‘STOOL ‘BSBIIONUL ‘YUL ‘SOYOJBUL ‘TIO ‘4YSI] ‘LouBETO ‘yBoFT *19JVM PUB ‘OOT ‘SUIOOL ‘OSB[IONU ‘YUL ‘YILAT] ‘Louvayo ‘qRoyy ‘dvos pUv ‘oor ‘suLOOrd ‘eSv[TOOUI YUL ‘seTOyBUA “AY ST] ‘touBoTO ‘QBoT, *L1OJVM PUB ‘VOI ‘4YSIT ‘LouBe[o ‘Veo ‘Aqaodoad LOT OS¥10JS PUL ‘JOO ‘S.LOJPBAOTO ‘RISsvy Jo esn ‘ssord Sunutid 10j guetimo o1aqoope ‘surdA4oo104s 10 8Bx 10 APIOLI0O]0‘S[BUSIS PUB BDTYO LOJ IYST ‘ouvolo ‘quay ‘4VUSIL puv ‘teuvelo ‘qvozy ‘dos pur ‘Sor*suloorg ‘ASNTIONM ‘yur ‘soo Ut ATSIT SLomvayo ‘yroxT ‘BULOOAG PUB ‘OS¥[LONUL YUL Seq oyBU 4ST] ‘QRoH 00 "609? &% "966? 00 "9240 O0CraR “OF8 “FOG D 00 “OTS Y 097688.) 00 Sag 2 00 00¢ *% 00 ‘96F 2 96 OST “sqoo.rqs Ysnyziy puw younyO aeuaroo ‘surtptinq oqnud ut ~-“sjeorjs TQuay, pue yu 1ous00 ‘SuIp[ing semLy, Uy *SJ00.19S JUUTB AL pu UIV]T JO 1ou.0d ‘"[ep ‘AqgunoH vureyay, Jo Yue uy *sqoo.q4s 20f 499 puBe YIUeAGg AeUL0D ‘SUIP[ING VvIOYVYT uy ‘oould esuByoX pue 400148 eT[[AeqjoARy aoutO0O ‘SUrpling qOU Rh uy ~--" $900198 ULB], PUB YYXIG 1ou.ao09 ‘SurIptiIng oqud uy “$990.148 LOpLY PUB TYXIG L9UL090 ‘SUIP[ING UBIUOSIIO UT Ree eee 4oo.14s osuByoOXY po ‘YuUR_ [BUOTIVN Asal “S900.19S 1oJBAA PUB YYXIC 1OUI09 ‘SUIp[Iug [viopeg UT Spe go Ssjoo1js Y puv PALY,L L9ULO9 ‘SUIP[INg Jae uy Sine == SurIp[Inq osnoy-qt.sly uy Se ME SER Sars Larter. SuIpIIng YooD uy ‘SONTOAB Y4ANo yy OF Party, 3ooe.19s pleyyyMrg ‘surpring o1jqua uy “ONUGA BIOYV AvOU ‘4oo.14S BIAS ‘Yoo[_ 8,1o81eH uy -$]90.148 JNUJSeYHD PUR YQUIN Jeu.too ‘Surpring orqud uy esi 4o0148 103U0,) TIION ge‘ON ‘SUIp[INg wowrwy AA UT *$]00a4S8 JUOMIUAIBAOY) PUB XOJRTV AoUALOD ‘Surpping o1qnd uy --s]00.1]s BUBITNE PUB TQJLY touaoo ‘SuLpring olqua uy “-=-"=-§]90019S FRO puv 1oul[Vg JO 1euaoo ‘[[ey APO uy aoe Sacto reas ema aoe eas joa.ljs Bpleugd ‘SurpTInd orpqud uy *‘SJ00.198 espoqd puv YjucesxIg AeuUdOD ‘SuIpliInq oqnd uy ‘ONUOAR PURIY puv joouys UOSUIqoYy Leutoo ‘yooTg esnoyT Bledg ut -sq00.198 AOMOC PUY YQJlY LoU109 ‘TTR .SMOT[AT PPO UT jood]s [BIJUED UO ‘AZISIOATU TOIMION UT PSS qood4s ULVIT C6I-161 ‘SUrp[ing YUv_ suez}y1) Ul soo ==-KRMpPROTG ONT‘ SUIp[Ing AJo.1ng UBOLIeMLYy UT *8}00.19S ps0da 4ooTJs TOANYO GOR ‘ON ‘BdIOMIUIOH Jo LequIBYyO UT nortasss meas so=--- 155195 UMOISSULY '09B990O UA[PO UT] [ESSSSesSr sete BA AA SANQS.1oyIVg {7 <> mr ae aa a IQGON ‘BYBUO ‘OSRO SUIYSIXO TYLA OOURPALODOV UT Y een eee a Tr ACN LO ROU OO tT on a eee BA ‘puouUILoyy Sree 180 ‘Burg poy po as Sas WA's ‘AHO pidvy Suess ee sore ON ‘YSropey O[OD ‘ojqeng Ro ra oeen ren anes UO0S0IO ‘puvBlyog SEQ IO OR I eereeren== Of ‘pUuByIOg FESO SSS OS SS TOU ‘Won 40g SBM ‘JMoosery q10g -"18O ‘VUsryT soxoy yulog coesoesesecess**" OTB] ‘OT197 800g ce tate oo ad srere"" Bg ‘SIngsisid wees ins SSS BCL Sy adored Shy ah Wares 5 CU tee vq ‘erydjepeliqd ZIV ‘xIme0yd Fee eee eee eo ali a OURS mod xa, ‘oUulqse[R | AN ‘0S0MSO SS conn Tatten in BLO; ealou ely o “AQON ‘0998Tq TIAON Sear IA ‘PIOUUIION ge aby BA “YOJION ed he K'N‘HAOK AON BT ‘SUBETIO AON ESOC “--=-"-TUOD ‘USAR MON CN ‘HOtAsunag Mon ysva, ‘Avg [Ban neseeeeseeesee=> Tag, OT[ANSEN LM ‘told JJOSUBIB.ALIBN FSI SST c&L Isl OST 661 Sal Lol 96T COL Fel Sel Gol Tel O06L 6IL SIT 2IL OIL CLL TIL SII eI TIL OI 601 80T 401 90T SOT FOL Sor DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 268 ‘SuLOOALG PUB ‘SeTojVvUt ‘[IO ‘4YSI] ‘Louvalo ‘yvoFT *197BAL pure ‘9dr ‘SUIOOI ‘BSBIIONUL ‘Ur ‘ASI ‘Lomvalo ‘Qvoy{ ‘201 PUB ‘OSVTIONU ‘YUL ‘soyo}VU ‘4Y SI] ‘Touvoo ‘woe “‘qYSI[ pux ‘ouveyo “Roy *109BA PUB ‘AY SI] ‘1ouBelo ‘YwBoFT “LOJVA PUB ‘YYST ‘1oavalo ‘ywox, “JISIT puv ‘Louvelo ‘4voy *19JBVA PUB ‘BUSI ‘voy ‘devos puv ‘109BM ‘oor ‘sumoorq ‘esulIoOnNUL ‘YUL ‘seyojyRUd ‘QY SIT ‘touvelo ‘jBVayT ‘suldAjoo1ojs 10J ses puv ‘ssord Suyurid «zoy zaMod o11joo[o ‘1oyVA ‘QUST, ‘euvelo ‘yeoTT ‘O01 pure ‘sur0o0aq ‘eSRTIONUL ‘YUL ‘soyoyRUT ‘QUSt] ‘wouvelo ‘yvayy ‘10JVM PUB ‘LoUBETO ‘BVO, *10ZVAV]O PUB ‘109BM ‘SUIOOIG ‘SOTOYBUL ‘YISI] ‘1euvelo ‘yvoy{ ‘sfouuilyo pu ‘dBos ‘aor ‘sum0o1d Sese[IONUL ‘YUL ‘SeTOIvU ‘IO ‘4USIT ‘teuvelo “vay ‘sAouuaIyO pue dos ‘103vA 00 ‘OOF? 00 ‘O00LY 00 OSE 2 00 0% ? 00 “008? 00 068 °T ? “00 "096 ? 00 08% ? 00 "009? 8 SLED ‘sULOOIg ‘OSB[IONUL ‘YUL ‘so|oIVUt ‘TIO ‘4qSI] ‘touvalo ‘yuvaxT | ON GOES” —sopnyouy ‘ ‘qunoury “quey ‘sj90.148 Ulv]T puv OUTIOYVH AouU.109 ‘Surpling Jrodueavd ut ORG Ce Ee A ES an SUIp[Ing seuor uy “"="==="--9nUOAB TIXIG JSOA ZT] ‘SUIP[Ing vIquIN[OH uy §900.148 IIB[D IS PUB UOSIPR] Lou.1oo Surpting o1jqud uy Pah ati ood 4s Ul[YURAT (ele ‘ON ‘SuIpting Fysruy Uy *$9900.19S TIULNT pue 9 Jeuso0d ‘Sup Ing odlteuuI0*) jo aequiegy uy ‘sJ00.148 IMOIG PUB o[[[AGUOOG AeUA0D ‘SuIpliInq oqnud uy ~-$J90014S YJXIG PUB COIUOT L9UL09 ‘SuULpyiIng olqud uy Paha gee ONUGAR OpISIOATY C)) ‘SULP[ING UOSeLMIBE UT ~$}90.14S SBISNOG PUY Y4XIS 1eU.100 ‘SuLp[iMmg orjqnd uy ~$900.14S [[BYSdIv. PUBSBXO], LOU.109 ‘SULp[ing o1jqud uy Sgeeee corse ONUGAB PUODS FL ON ‘SULP[INgG YAIOK MON UT gedaan = ONUGAR UOJSUIYSVM JZ ‘SULp[iIng [[euuOD UT ‘sjoor4s IOFVUYAM PUB JUOpISeIg 1eu..09 ‘SuLpling o1qnd uy . SpUNOAS [VUBD,, SB UMOUY UOTWBA -19S01 JUSUIMAIOAOF) UO SUIP[ING NvReing 19eqyve A, Ul --OENUGAB GOB[Vg UO VZV[ J Lou ‘SUIP[INgG u01.BH UT “sJoarjs YSLv]{ PUB OLOYH 1oU.L09 ‘BUrplIng eyIpyovy Uy ‘s]00198 AioewmoSsyuop. puv ysng aeuaoo ‘surpiing s[[iW Url ‘qool4s JOH pue onusav snquInjoM aAeudtoo ‘Surprmq oqud uy Seca $}00.198 J pUB UJI Ieuaz00 ‘Surpying survey up ‘qoorys 04 -snoy IsUuy puv OM ONUGAY 10U.109 ‘SuLp[Ing syorg UT ‘sjeor]s [4N0g puossg pur o[duray, JseA, toutoo ‘yooTq ATOOd ut ‘490.148 UIXIS JSVA CIT ‘SUIp[Ing eoteurmoy jo teqmeyO UT ‘GJUIN pue UIUSIQ UseaMjoq ‘490138 eAT[O UO ‘Surtpting o1jqnd uy Rook $}]00138 Y puv UJUEADY 1eT.10d ‘Surpping o1jqud uy qoorys Uosyous fgeg ‘SUrpling syLVIT uy Po tecopaseescss== JON OUuOls A: SSSA S29 ar as Rigen or “TSG AAP LUALS|Y Prain A tee area ae suvy ‘vyodoy Rae eae AAS aan aR olgd ‘Oopes[oy, 2S Sos WSS Seer ass By Bete YSBA\ ‘BUIOOBT, fora Sic iaae ow (Plegsuridg ~~ TIL ‘pleysurids <= 0\ace 7 === es SB AN OLE OOS S5te Nea Se eB OT TTS) LOTS Ooo say aaa ey ‘qaodeaoi1gS Mp ie aeons ee ee A ee eae Se M ‘8199899 Min oe. eq ‘Uo1luedog SESE SG Ise AIOE Bx) ‘YBUUBARS Bete tage WON “ole “948 9[NBS |--77 "777-7" -"" "KOT N ‘OT BIUES lareneiee-ces [eo ‘odsiqg stn7qT weg [8D ‘OostlouR.y UBS pa Ric oR Sem mee ae = o1gg ‘Aysnpueg x ate ee SN [80 ‘oseIq uBg * So Gey se xoy ‘olmojyuy uBg eS es Wei ‘AID oFV'T ITVS co ea a uur ‘(Ned 998 See a eke ee oy ‘stno'y 4S9 “7"""" "18 ‘OPUOMIB.LOBS UosIIQ *‘sanqesory ‘penuly -U00—SNOILVLS SALVIS GALINDO “MOTIBOOTT “UOT}EIS ‘ponuru0j—'oja ‘sayoznw ‘swmooug ‘aor ‘woprunl ‘yby ‘Qney sp siuazr yons Burpnjour ‘)pjUWAL JONUWUY PUD W01ZD90) YZAM ‘sw01;D)S S vA 269 AND DISBURSEMENTS. ACCOUNTS DIVISION OF ‘O[QBOTJOVAAUI SUITE osva] ‘UoTIIOIISV U9}IIIA Tepuy q ‘S][0O} OSPLiq pu ‘oT ‘109VA “GUST OL1qoo[o ‘TomREIO, 1948 AA ‘Jood uO WAA0F}R|d PUB ‘.1e][90 ‘85.1098 ‘MOOI SOTO *10]BM PUB OOTAIOS LOJIUBL? “1OJBA PUB ‘BOI ‘SULOO.Tq ‘SOTOJ BUI ‘LO ‘4Y.ST] ‘touvoe[D ‘SJUOTIN.AJSUL OINSOdXS PUB ‘SOX ‘SOIR 199B A ‘dvos puv ‘104BM 4ST] ‘LoUBe[D ‘JOO JO 9SN PUB ‘STOMOJ SUIYSBA ‘.1OQVAA “JISI] ‘1ogIuBe ‘s]OMO} pues ‘dos ‘10yvVM ‘sm100aq ‘aseTIonul ‘YUL ‘seToyRVUI ‘[IO ‘4UsI[T ‘touve[D ‘201 : ‘eseB10js pus UALOJ VIA ALOJVALESGO ‘QU SI]T puv ‘1louvelo ‘4uop "LOJVBM pus ‘sum0o1q ‘esRTIONUI ‘YUL ‘seyo}VUI ‘4YSI] ‘douvalo ‘voy ‘VSI, pur ‘louve[o ‘yeoH ‘dvos puw ‘901 ‘suIOO ‘aSRTIONUI ‘YUL ‘SOOJRUI ‘[IO ‘4YSTT ‘1ouwBe]o ‘YeoTT ‘deos pure ‘su0o.1q ‘1euBeTO ‘4GBoH OF '6EF ‘S OF TRE © 00 ‘O8F 2 00 “09E 2 000092 00 029 00 “0084 00 ‘0969 00'8879 _, 00 008 T@ 00 0842 0069S 2 00 "886 2 $9 606 00 ‘08s ? 08 "S66 9 eSRa] SUISTXO TILA 9dULpP.1000B UTD ogee ins & qevijssooy uo ‘eI[LA UO FSUIYSe AA UT Paige Te qood1s SVMOT, OJURY JON ‘SUIP[ING TULL A Ul OL ON ‘eleq ‘seprureiug pue ousonut0deN jo 19u10p Sas Tia oe nal le eae nara reais ah ae 400148 BZO[BIIO GON ‘euRl MOG PUB JOO1JS IAAOUBH 1euL09 ‘osnoy ouBT Aog UJ oO ae elenbs Oostouvdy UBS ‘aseT[OD COSTOUBIY Weg UT Smee =e pT 7 se 400.148 SULY QF ‘ON ‘TeIOH ATIUBy Uy Rees Sone ca UOISSULY JO YJL0U SOpIU g ‘vet, ABAT[CH ~--- $390.19S8 BICTIGG puvB OdsSIqO UseeMJoq ‘BpuSToBAy UT| Te ige-0 ae 2 ~ooro mass s""" sqqed szofog ‘oper 19 ‘ON 3VJ ‘OpuBu.sey UBvg IAM.109 ‘Joo14S JONO[D.qd 6L ‘ON ‘[eJOH woruy uy -----sqoedjs pvodg pUuB LOSeIH 9] 1dU.100 ‘asnoy 9dr uy MOI [OOdIOATT ‘osnop{ UBOLLOMIW Uy] Seat UOIVALESed JUOMIUAGAOS) WO ‘Surpyrng orqnd uy --- sq00a4S JNU[B MA PUB PAIY, 1oU109 ‘yoorg uolmy Uy eRe ee oe 400.148 OSplig wo ‘esnoy-j.1no0o9 Aqunod UT -$190.148 JNUY4SeYO PUBYUOL LOU.L0 ‘SuIptIng orqnd uy ---"S190.198 JOYIBPL PUB ISAT 1OU1Oo ‘YOIMSpag oy, Uy ‘sy00.14s puooeg puv ULB] LoUA109 ‘Surpiing ,S1eqjorg oUlVg UT $100,148 qnuyeA pue plojMvIO qouaoo ‘Surpymq oyqnd uy ~msees==-=" OBSBIND ‘peyISMMOTILMA OSULUIOG O7UBS ‘OSUIMIOG 03UBS ce a ae BQuy ‘Vequy op OSRI]UBg See Oo aes os OoOly 0J.10g ‘URN URS soesoo-sSs°>>> SOLULMLOG NVesoyy, Seale Aer equy ‘edloultg oyteng os eee pepluliy ‘uredg Jo 410g Se ne eae a BOLBULL F ‘UOJSSULY, ata kas See Le ee eqny ‘BuUBAvy pa ctd OS lerris Bqny ‘sosenjuel) sopeq deg ‘UMOJoSplLIig Reece SIITY “4S ‘e.1.tejyosseg “SNOLLV.LS NVIGNI LSAM ZIdVW ‘BUN | YRC 'S “UopyUV_ AON ‘BOONUIOMULA ON ‘WO9SUTUTIT AA Sine i a ay ed HBC N ‘WO9STTIEAA SUBY ‘VIITOT AL pe IS SBA ‘BITBA BITB AL Ce ii a etal a ali SSI “SANQGSYHOLA SOT L9L 99T SOT FOL S9T eoL T9T Lb ated dead REPORT OF THE EDITOR, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. U. 8S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS, Washington, D. C., August 26, 1901, srr: I have the honor to submit herewith, for your information and consideration, a report on the work of this Division for the fiseal year ended June 30, 1901; also recommendations in regard to future operations. Respectfully, GEO. WM. HILL, Editor and Chief. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. WORK OF DIVISION GOVERNED BY GROWTH OF DEPARTMENT. 3efore reviewing the work of the Division of Publications for the year just passed it seems desirable to call attention once more to the fact that, so far as the extent of the work is concerned, there is no control possible save the arbitrary limitation imposed by the amount of the appropriations. The extent of the work to be performed in this Division is absolutely dependent upon the growth of the Depart- ment and the activity of its various agencies. This activity depends in its turn upon so many extraneous conditions that no chief of any single Bureau, Division, or Office can even approximate at the begin- ning of the year the amount of printing which he will require during the year. CONSEQUENCES OF INADEQUATE APPROPRIATIONS. Inasmuch as the appropriations for our work are almost invariably inadequate, the facts just recited being apt to be overlooked, unfor- tunate consequences follow. One of these is the frequent appeal to Congress for a special appropriation for a particular publication much needed in the Department work and in much demand on the part of the public, but which, for want of funds, can not be printed without this special appropriation. The other consequence, and the most to be regretted, is the necessary withholding from publication of much timely and useful matter containing information of great practical utility, but which it is found quite impossible to print from the appro- priation available for that purpose. Grievous injustice also ensues from the insufficiency of funds for the distribution of the publications printed, the unavoidable result being that a very large number of atl. Die DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. faithful and deserving employees every year have to be furloughed for certain periods of time, causing much individual suffering, as well as working a very great demoralization to the force, to the great dis- advantage of the work in the document section. Of the appeals made to Congress for aid in publishing particular reports during the past year, the majority were successful, thanks to the cordial interest and energy of the honorable chairmen of the House and Senate Committees on Printing; but every year it happens that, unavoidably, especially during a short session, some of these special requests for printing, which are never made except in the most urgent cases, fail to receive favorable action, with most unfortunate results. The close of the past fiscal year found us with over a score of bulle- tins in manuscript which had been withheld from publication for want of funds to print. While these were pushed through as rapidly as possible upon the new appropriation becoming available, the delay in their appearance is in every case regrettable and in many cases seriously detrimental to the objects these publications were designed to serve. Another serious result of inadequate appropriations is to be found in our inability to supply reprints when publications are exhausted, even though the Superintendent of Documents reports numerous applications received by him accompanied by cash to pay for the same. The growth in the sale of public documents through the Superintendent of Documents has during the past few years been remarkable, and it seems most unfortunate that circumstances should so often compel us to discourage it. Properly developed, this plan seems to offer the only true-solution of the great problem attending the subject of equitable, judicious, and economical distribution of publie documents. NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS ISSUED. The total number of publications issued by the Department of Agri- culture during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, was 606, of which 109 were publications of the Weather Bureau. With the editing and printing of the Weather Bureau publications this Division has no con- nection, and hence the number of publications issued under the super- vision of the Department editor was 497. Of these, 263 were new, aggregating 14,458 printed pages, and the others, 234, were reprints, aggregating 8,818 printed pages. Of the reprints, 157 were Farmers’ Bulletins. A list in detail of the publications issued during the year ended June 30, 1901, will be found in Appendix A. The following shows the classes of publications composing the total 606, arranged according to the funds to which they were respectively charged: Number and classes of publications, fiscal year 1901, Publications: Chargeable to regular fund: .2026I 1-25. 2 WoS26 Ais cass 2 a eee 274 Chargeable to divisional funds -. +22. -a:22_--. 1-83-- 22s ease eee eere = 36 Chargeable to Farmers’ Bulletin fund: 2 ......:. 9-244, 2 2= ese 171 Printedias Executive documents. 2. ee ee ee 16 Printed at Weather Bureau ...---....-------.- ee ee en He ee 109 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Tie The following table shows the number of publications, both original and reprint, and the aggregate number of pages and copies in each class, for the fiscal years 1899, 1900, and 1901: Number of publications, original and reprint, and number of pages and copies of each class, fiscal years 1899, 1900, and 1901. 1899. | 1900. 1901. Character of pa: publi- | _ | Publi- Publi. | * | ca- |Pages.| Copies. ca- | Pages.| Copies. ca- | Pages.) Copies. tions | tions | tions. | Originaly:. 2 3-24 191 | 12,864 4, 099, 288 225 | 10,852 | 4,338,978 262 | 14, 656 3, 903, 094. eprint = = 298 | 11,944 | 2,274,300 148 | 5,983 | 2,004,500 232 | 9,139 | 3,115,600 Weather Bureau 114 | 1,612 | 702, 387 95 | 1,164 809, 000 112 | 3,341] °880,587 Potals 252. 603 | 26,420 | 7,075,975 468 | 17,999 | 7,152,478 | 606 | 27, 136 | 7,889, 281 The above table shows the great activity of the Department in the matter of publications. In the first place the original publications for the year number 262, exclusive of the Weather Bureau, a figure far higher than that of any previous year. The total number of pages in these new publications was also, as was to be expected, greater than ever before, aggregating 14,656. It may be noted that had the printing fund been adequate these figures would have been considera- bly increased, as there were held over, from want of funds to print, during the last two months of the fiscal year, more than twenty dif- ferent publications. One feature of the above table deserves particu- lar notice as illustrating the policy adopted with a view to greater economy. A comparison of the number of publications for each of the three years covered by the table with the number of copies shows the tendency toward smaller editions. This is particularly marked in the year just elapsed, where the total number of copies covered by the 263 new publications is considerably less than the total number for 1899, representing only 191 publications. This is the only method available by which this Division can exercise any restriction over the expenditures for printing. In the case of reprints “composed largely, it may be acem of Farm- ers’ Bulletins, this restriction in the size of the edition is not possi- ble. We find that although the number of reprints in 1901 exceeded the number in 1900 by less than 50 per cent, the increase in the num- ber of copies in 1901 was largely in excess of 50 per cent, aggregating over 3,100,000 copies. For purposes of comparison, a table is appended showing the total number of copies of all the Department publications, together with the aggregate number of copies issued, for the nine years ended with the 30th of June last. In view of the fact that all the work of the Department is reflected in its publications, this table affords a very interesting illustration of the growth and development of the Depart- ment during the last decade. The increase from 210 publications agg gregating something over 2,500,000 copies in 1893, to 606 publica- tions aggregating nearly 8,000, ‘000 copies in 1901, bears eloquent tes- timony to the constant increase in the work of the Department of Agriculture. AGR 1901——18 274 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Number of publications issued from 1893 to 1901, by years. Number of|/Totalnum- Year. publica- ber of tions. copies. 1893 PES osoe sa 210 2, 689, 084 1 eo = ae 205 3, 169,31 Thi ee Seeks ROSE ee a eee GLEE So es 254 4, 100, 660 SOG oe Soe Cee ee ee 376 6,561, 700 11S bag eae ahs aia ee eee bi See i 5 heat eee hee Cee pe een n Bat ee 424 6,541, 210 SOS oR AS Te ee eae Ee ee eee Dae ee 6 Be ie a eee ee eae eens 501 365 TSG Fae oR oi bse tn ees Soe Ee FO os a eee ee eee 603 7,075, 975 POO Le SA oes Se SE SLA Soke ck Peace ae bE ate ene eee aoeee 606 7, 899, 281 Total! siees he tveheks SGU Dol yee TAA ee ee oe ee eee 3,647 | 51,470,018 To complete the record of the year’s work a table is given showing the number of publications issued from each Bureau, Division, or Office of the Department, segregating the originals and reprints, and showing also the number of pages in the aggregate number of copies. In the preparation of this table Farmers’ Bulletins are not given sep- arately, but are included in the statement of the Bureau, Division, or Office contributing the same. On the other hand, Executive docu- ments, namely, those published by Congress, are enumerated together without reference to the Bureau, Division, or Office from which they emanated. Number of publications, original and reprint, and pages, by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, 1901. [Farmers’ Bulletins are included in the Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices contributing them. |] Publica- hibnie Pages. Number of copies. Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. | & eR 3 75] ZS = | Sia) -i I a 4 oe = a ee Oe bp = G H|o]0 q ® fe) He o ° Oo} |e e) fq A eo) a = . | Secretary’s. Office-..-....----...--| 9 | 6] 15 | | 382) 206 | 588 36, 900 35, 000 Zak Executive documents-_--._--------| 12 | 4] 16 | 5,226 | [51 | 3,977 590, 844 42, 000 632, 844 Accountsand Disbursements...--| 2 |__._| 2 804 eee 80 3°200 ki eee 3,200 Agrostology ---..------------------ 19 | 10 | 29 | 1,214 | 277 | 1,491 47,500 180, 000 227.500 Animal Industry- ------- eee OAS 28 b6 800 |1,172 | 1,972 74, 200 558, 000 632, 200 Biological Survey S aS TS 4) 20a) 4810 367 848 40, 450 44, 000 84, 450 [BLOTS oes cea esac a oseme Seeolase 14) 10) 24) 820] 316 | 1,136 110, 200 134, 000 244, 200 @hemistryis cose ee ees te ence 10a) BOM 448 | 357 805 47, 650 83, 000 130, 650 INtOMOLO RY, heer eS eae 750 | 572 | 1,822 127, 450 147,500 274, 950 Experiment Stations. ---..-._.. 49 | 82 |181 | 3,593 |3,566 | 7,159 297,000 | 1,212,600 | 1,509, 600 Foreien Markets 222 3 rts Gls Si) kOe SSBE] 215 551 54, 000 3, 000 57, 000 INOLROStT Vio ko eee es ceaeee ache cess Vee fe | fils) 136 | 405 541 84, 500 39, 000 128,500 _ Gardens and Grounds ----.------.-- Tp oe etal 7 eee es 7 1, 000t a ee 1,000 Labramy tee !- $550 2 a-k ee tee & 5 eel 1D. 102: |eheee 102 3) 950 ick once 8,950 Plant imadustry,o-soss es eee eee ala eee liad A) |e 40 BO 000i eae 30, 000 IRomolopy 2 sense cath ese SEeeee Loh). 10 6 | 246 252 200 156, 500 156, 700 IPriblICATIONS Sno o. onan Sater sae lee |e O ee 976 76 | 1,152 771, 500 160, 000 931, 500 Public Road Inquiries. ------.----- 3 | 10) 138 44 | 312 356 14, 000 132,500 126, 500 Seed and Plant Introduction-_---- Biilh- 2 8S TLS3| Eee 118 1,500) 2252 Se 7,500 Ol Seer aceeres paca ee ee nee LON ae dee 202 66 268 18, 850 57, 000 75, 850 STAbISbiCs ees kee cea oe oe he eee! PO Poe e ll D, $29) 222 329) | 1508, 000) |b=-aS22 See 1, 503, 000 Vegetable Physiology and Pa GHOLOR Yi aeen cee oe raat cone 13 | 9 | 22 566 | 135 701 39, 200 151, 500 190, 700 Weather Bureau 2-22 F228 2. 108 | 4 |112 | 3,180 | 161 | 3,341 8832, 587 48, 000 880, 587 Totalt 2 sone a ee ee 370 |236 |606 \17,836 |9,300 |27,136 | 4,735,681 | 3,163,600 | 7,899, 281 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 275 FARMERS’ BULLETINS. The appropriation for the preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bul- letins was $57,500, of which $51,798.63 was expended for printing and $5,701.37 for the preparation of such bulletins. During the past year only 14 new Farmers’ Bulletins were issued, but the calls for reprints were so numerous that 157 of these were issued, aggregating nearly 3,000,000 copies. The total number of copies of the new bulletins aggregated 415,000. The Congressional distribution, as the tables will show, was larger than ever before, the provision for printing having been increased over the year previous and a considerable number having been left over from June 30, 1900, which by your order were added to the Congressional supply for the fiscal year 1901. This enabled us to make the quota for each Senator, Representative, and Delegate 7,000 copies. The total number of Con- gressional quotas drawn was 413, aggregating 2,195,010 copies. This left again a considerable number (over 1,000,000), which reverted to the Secretary for the current year. Adding this, as per your direc- tion, to the number it will probably be possible to print, owing to the increased appropriation, will permit of raising the quota for Seriator S, Representatives, and Delegates for the current year to 15,000 copies. Under the present law four-fifths instead of two-thirds of the total number of Farmers’ Bulletins printed are reserved for the use of Con- gressmen, with, however, the same proviso as heretofore in regard to quotas unused on or before the 30th of June of each year, by which all such quotas revert to the Secretary of Agriculture, to be disposed of at his discretion. So far all surplus copies thus accumulating to the Secretary’s credit have been included in the Congressional distribu- tion for the succeeding year. The appropriation for this Division for the current year includes a provision of $2,500 for the rent of a building and for such alterations as may be needed to fit it for the storage of ‘publications. In accord- ance with this provision, a contract for a lease was made for a build- ing to be erected for the accommodation of a portion of the document section in conjunction with the vegetable pathological and physiolog- ical investigations. This building is now approaching completion, and the basement and two stories of the eastern side will be placed at the disposal of this Division, which will be occupied for the storage and distribution of Farmers’ Bulletins. This will greatly relieve the congested condition of those portions of the building hitherto devoted to the storage and shipment of publications. This “relief becomes all the more important in view of the great increase contemplated in the number of Farmers’ Bulletins to be published, which will aggregate about 7,000,000 copies. The tables following show the details connected with the issue of Farmers’ Bulletins—the originals and reprints published during the year, with comparative figures for 1900 and 1899, the total cost of printing, the titles and number of copies of the new bulletins, the number contributed by the several Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, ete. One of these tables shows that the total number of copies of Farmers’ Bulletins issued since the first number appeared is 16,975,500, of which there have been distributed upon Congressional orders 10,715,671. The total number of Farmers’ Bulletins issued since the beginning, including those now in press, is 139. For a detailed statement of the publications received and distributed during the year, see Appendix B. bo aI or) DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Farmers’ Bulletins issued 1899-1901, by years. a. : Number} Number Originals and reprints of Farmers’ Bulletins. of of bulletins, copies. Fiscal year 1901: Oregon oni teeaeaco ees Saeseo Soe Sees Sse Ye see See sSeseesetesss seee 2 14 415, 000 Reprints 157 2,930, 000 Motallsi4*.. Eee hs SSoa eee. See ee Ce eee es eee eee 171 3, 345, 000 Fiscal year 1900: bic Originalsc: 4200s 73 sae ee, 2 ee eee eee ee ee ee 18 525, 000 IROPUINGS 2222 2.522 aso 2 es ee ee ee Be a ee ee ee eae 90 1, 835, 000 Total <2 ie! teal M. Reet Evel Real <0 ch wall anf leet Oe opie ARE 408 | 2,360,000 Fiscal year 1899: Onipinalls 9 sooo aa Oe ee ss Be ca ene eh eee ee 22 520, 000 IGDINGS poem web ses Hee Se corer nee oe oes eee eo a8 cena soe eee ee eee 154 1,917,000 PP Otal e222 wa 25 sess Seace ced eee 8 een csc Geet as eee eee hee ee eee 176 2, 487, 000 Cost of printing Farmers’ Bulletins, 1900-1901. ‘Number! Number Item. of of Cost. bulletins}! copies. Fiscal year 1901: Padroni Harmers: Bulletin fund) asss-) sees ese ee eee 171 | 3,345,000 | $51, 796.68 Fiscal year 1900: a | Paid from harmers? bulletin fund) ac co. - = eee eee ee ee 97 | 2,150,000 30, 665. 15 Paid from:ceneraliprinting fund so ecoee see eesn = aes 11 210, 000 3, 469. 69 Mighalie eee Peeteestclss.t, wer dt Gare Fee hee rpee a: S8see 108 | 2,360,000 | 34,134.84 New Farmers’ Bulletins issued during the fiscal year 1901. No. of| Total bulle- Title of bulletin. number of tin copies. LOL | VExperimentiStation Wor k= iV tess sa ee cee a ek oe re eee tee 30,000 120 | The Principal Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant---.......-----------.------ 30, 000 121) |pbeans Peds. and other lmergumes aS MOOG si. ae eae ee eee 30, 000 122 | Experiment Station Work—XV1__-.....------- 25s ott bh dooos 3 eee ee 30, 000 123 | Red Clover Seed: Information for Purchasers ---_-.---.----~--.----.--.------ 30, 000 1343| ixperiment! Station Work—X0ViLL . 06 Fe ere eee a ee eee ee eee 30, 000 125 | Protection of Food Products from Inj jurious Temperatur este = = See eee 20, 000 126) Practical Suergestions for Harm Buildings. 8) 8 enn neee seen eee 50, 000 127 | Important Insecticides: Directions for Their Preparation and Use ---- ------ 30, 000 1PRHeH Se eSsand el heir USCS AS OO a se mete one eee Se ne eee eee 30, 000 LONI MES SVC UNE. LATOCR ee eect eae ee et sm et a ee 30, 000 130) Lhe Mexican) Cotton=Boll Weevil 24 ee se ee ee ees ee eee ee 30, 000 131 | Household Tests for the Detection of Oleomargarine and Renovated Butter - 30, 000 132 | The Principal Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat. .---..-.---.------------------- 15, 000 MT Otel oe sete a pte e ene Fae a a ee ee eee 415, 000 Farmers’ Bulletins reprinted during the fiscal year 1901, No. of Total bulle- Title of bulletin. number of tin. copies. 16 | Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring and for Feeding -----------~-------- 35, 000 iis! Peach wellowsiang weachiROsethe --= a= 2522224 e eee eee ce nea eee ee eee 20, 000 21 | Barnyard Manure -.-. -- Be eee ee ot ee oe ee ee 50, 000 22 | The Feeding of Farm ArH Ses. SOLE A Re SES ba DOs BR De ee 40, 000 23) Hoods: Nutritive iValuieiand Cost: 2--..4 222. - 2 So see ees eee 30, 000 of) | Hog Cholera and Swill bk UO pes ocesn een eee e eeee = ean eee 45, 000 96' | Sweet Potatoes: Culture/and! Uses. 2.222222. e222 2k Ue. 22 tee eee 30, 000 ial Max fori Seed end (Mb er ieee oe Soe ee ee ae dee ee een eee 20, 000 28 | Weeds: And How to Kill Them-.-- es 30, 000 29 | Souring of Milk and Other C hanges in Milk Products - 30, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Farmers’ Bulletins reprinted during the fiscal year 1901—Continued. No. of bulle- Title of bulletin. tin A 30 | Grane) Diseases) on the Pacitic/ Coast ss. sa5s-soe ae no ee ee oe eee SlaleAltaliat or Lmcern es ss saa) ye eens oS Vee es a ee eee Se OLOS ane Silage 2 S50 23 se <= Bee Oa en eis a Fah 5 eR ehh Sees eS ee 33 | Peach Growing for Market ct stie asks pete tl). vil gee a aa oh OE 34 | Meats: Composition IEG COOKIN aaah ase see er S55 Sk es See 35 | Potato Culture-_.--..._.-- 5 GRE RUE BUSA DSS IS 2 Sod 3 Fe aa ee Ae Sha Cotkom sped and ItaiPrad uCtsen sass suaand ses) jn cS ooo). bake we aru eae 37 | Kafir Corn: Characteristics, Culture, and Uses___..-..........-.-_---- as San PSDLA VAL sOm NE WLIL DISCHSOS esses esa ee ae eas son ee 2S eee ae es Si) |) (Oat ovan OU rh yee eae ie ee ete ee ee Oe an Rae OB ee eee ADS BHaAnme Drain aCe os) een e Nees ae mee sieacbeny A 2 REI As 5 SR SY Ae Sl Wee im POWs Carona HeeCOIn pie ss ax sae ene ne habit hy 1k LES sy sos PG wee AA PHC LSE DOU bE Mt] ky oe eee ee wen eae Dead eins 29 6 oe > bo ee Od 44 | Commercial Fertilizers: Composition and Use 45n PSoMmennsects injurious toi tored Grainne 5 asses ee $60 purrica tions Ebumiuds Glima fossa sets = ae an eee Spe 47 | Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant_--- tor new ani rin ol CO bbOmrs sa ee seem mece aae ties reac | ble eae ee HULL SHeCprh Ged Ln em ae eee we sels Slee eS 5 eld Pea eee oo ey eee HOU SOLShumias a HOLASe Ono pas. sae ee a a, ee See eens ee 51 | Standard Varieties of Chickens. - ee 52 | The Sugar Beet: Culture, Seed, Development, “Manufacture, and Statistics. 54 | Some Common Birds in Their Relation to (ASTICULbUTO ee ees oe: ) sey ee 55 | The Dairy Herd: Its Formation and Management -___-__.__-.--__---.-------- BOE | PEXPELIMON Gis taplONEWiOL Koln ons ee eee ae ee ee oO a ee eee Dig ebubter takin oo neiheularm 72s en ons sh oueeae: peel ee epee! ee eee Do enemoVvabeanias:a HOTagei Crop. ssc stas. Mio: Sosaene ee wees cee ae eae DOMPBEOUISEE DIN Bo- eee na ae eee oo ee Se RA ERRORS Sa AE ee AN ee ols wASparacus Culture: 2. 322525. oe se See ee ee ee ee 6Zalevarketine: Harm. Produce a cs oo ce reese = 2 eee eee eee eee ee eee 63 | Care of Milk on the Farm _-~_--- SSE TE) Set aa ae eee 64 | Ducks and Geese: Standard Breeds and Management-.- GPP Nae 2 es EAR Io 653 pe xperimoent station, Work— ll 22) 2S bes a eee eee 66 Mendon and Pastures: Formation and Cultivation in the Middle Eastern UGE SB wee seed ears Nes Raat erate Re oan ore ene ee Ee ene ee Hip PHOLeCSEEYs Lor Harm Grses ss. se ee aoe ee coe no bie bal oe inl Mii pote < SOR eH xmorimentis tation WiOPK— lle wie se een es Donte Oona te one eae 70 | The Principal Insect Enemies of ‘the Grapes sen ee fp ee ae arene ieee 71 | Some Essentials in Beef Production =a 73 | Experiment Station Work—IV --_----_..----- E fas || MinlikeasHood = = 255" 2- oa ee 75 | The Grain Smuts: How They Are Caused and How to Prevent Them. _____- (OME DOUTALOL GLO Wall ors ae Seen ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 77 | The Liming of Sails eaeee rns 2 ta ee ree eee care ee foul xperimoent.Station Wiork— Vis 22s 2-5 shee eee as ae ee SS ee pap xperunoenbioba tion: WiOrk—Vplhse oss 3 ose ean ee ee ee 80 | The Peach Twig-Borer: An Important Enemy of Stone Fruits _______--____- Sis PCOnmC ul buren nas hensOUtn pases: see =e ae an ee rene eet ate eee eee eee S45 | oxmerimentso talon NW, OPK —V Wl cara. see aaa re ooo eae see eee eee ee ee enoe fol [IBIS IV GVS) OO (6 | se eee os ae ee ee Sa een ee eK ee ees = ee Grip bhirty: Poisonous Plants): va =e ae eon me ee ee ae ae ee ee oe ee ee Baiphexperiment) obation WOLK—VilUlsesses ae oe ee oe ee ee eee BOR COW peas =. 522 SEN eee ees aoe wine ania se eee eee Saseiae sone ease Sane OOal RhewMangdtactureor Sore him Sirus. sass oes eee ee oes eee eae ee OM sMEotbo.Diseases and Dheir'Lreatmen ta. once ote se Soe ae e ee OZ REX DOL bs LAtIONIW: OL keke. ea ae oe ee ee eee eee uss eo PheavieroustbleiGard en <25- = susce ie ee te ea te a ees a a ea Gee 55 bG OOdsROaGS fOriManm CTS s2-s—-ea= a tatewa sae eae cacene ee ee eee eee OE BES ASTI OF SHES PLO Toe VL uD ae i ee ee Sdn A ircounsectnnemios Or Shadeyhreese oes aac eee ce eee eee: HOON PHosiRaisine an the Sowbhy en yak se Re ee ag ee ea eee TEAL I) BD ey eS PSs is ee a ee es oe 5 ere ee ae ele cece 102 | Southern Forage Plants --.-.-..------.--.-- Bee Soe coe eS ee aoe FEE Re are eeee LOSE POLIMeNG, bation. WiOLK— NUL! asco a2 ose ate ee ae eae ee ae eee LUZE EN GUGS ONSET OS Giese ae ote ee ee a oS ee ee ee nen sees Eee eee 105 | Experiment Station Work—XII-- 106 | Breeds of Dairy Cattle -----.------ 107 | Experiment Station Work—XIII LOOM PHarmonrs head ino © OUTSES == 2522 oes sas ose poe eae ee ae de ee ee ene Hop puicaCulburein the nitedt States... 96 oo-. fe. = ee IP |e hhey warmers Tnterestin Good) Seedti: =e. 522005: ese ae eee 112?) Bread'and the Principles of Bread Making .--.--.---_-_-1__. =... 22222-2122. imehnerAn plean dle Ow.to (Giro wal tees eee a he eee ee ee ee ae ge ee NAT Experiment |S tatlonyW Or ksi] Vise tsa ees os YEE LPT ee eae IGT Sirs abionant hrovbiGrowine eer. - see ee ee Soe eee ee 117 Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in the Pacific Northwest ---..-.....-----.---.--.--.-- DISA Grape Growine imine SOUthee ese ob seee a cesses bras» DSS E es ms Bees ee ee UL) | Experiment, station) Wiork—X Vi-----< 222 8a eo eee a eadecczscs 121 | Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food._-.-..-.----.------ -------------------- PE =perinent sta blone WiOr kx Vilas sdeene fee: oS 222). oh ose ee as ee ee TNO bet eee ee EN oe Ja TA ais os SUS ed aes ee Total number of copies. 278 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Farmers’ Bulletins contributed by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, 1901. New bul- letins | Number Gant Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. and re- | of copies. : prints SeCrecatyrs Oil COse aoe cec ce =e on ee ee eee eee toes 2 30, 000 $450. 99 iAtorostology..--=---------- See 8 165, 000 2,319. 94 Animal Industry ------ at 515, 000 8,598. 88 Biological! Survey: c= --=-s-<92- sas eee ae ae sneer ae 1 » 20,000 404.19 QUAN, oo) nee naa Sees. 3 ae ee oe ee 2 ee aoe eae 8 155, 000 1, 994. 24 Chemistry ---- 5 100, 000 1,576.70 HN GONIOLO PY soe cees Soe ee ae ee eee n eee aeeae 12 225, 000 3, 775. 33 Experiment otatiONS pe ses nas ea ees nee enna een ane e eee 74 | 1,355,000 20, 173. 88 FROGS bi yin oe cae re oe oe ese ee a in ea 2 30, 000 601. 27 TEA ohyeh) bays etc} rh en eee ey eens SO ce a ee See eee ee ea cscess7 1 30, 000 641.08 IROMOLO RY 2 ee tare ae sae eee oer ee eee a ee See an aa trees 6 150, 000 2, 209. 92 PUD GablOnS se pee eee ee ee ee ame ee fas oe eee 8 210, 000 3, 555. 36 PublictRoadiinguiri csoses sas ee ee ea ean d= eae ee ee eee eee 4 100, 000 2, 137.07 Sosa ee oe ees ee ee Ey Coe en eee eee 2 45, 000 587. 04 Vegetable Physiology and Pathology ----------------------------- 8 150, 000 1, 823. 25 Wicd DhermB Uren ax one sce cup Rowe ceos ne cantcae Ciuc neaee ee aeeee 3 65, 000 947. 54 PRO tal hese ee oa cece eens ao ee ee ee ee 171 | 3,345,000 51, 796. 68 Number of copies of Farmers’ Bulletins issued (Nos. 1 to 132) and number distrib- uted to Members of Congress, 1894-1901, Total Congres- Date. Re sional dis- SBeGnae tribution. IPrIOMbOMlsO ts ~~ =- ose ssi laas ceslen sect eens ee ee eo ee ea eee ne EES 540;000!'|5 = 22 ccccee Tn eggs Bees ig NOD RTI AS NT dete ee ee ed ee 218s DOO ees Seen Tims SOR me Sine Sek ee ee See el a ee ee ee ere Re eee 1,567, 000 885, 770 Br 896222 Sask eee a 2 ees ECR Rc in PS ee rk eee eee 1, 891, 000 1, 316, 695 [irayl cit) pat Saas ae ee ee DS el ee ee ema aoe Se ea Ae een SA cs So 2,387, 000 1, 967, 237 rE BOB 22 ated eae See te oe eter rae oh ee Ee a ee 2,170,000 1, 580, 065 mel SOQ. = Sow Se ea a tew Rie Net en osks eas sek Peete eee See ee ee oe OG 1,101, 985 HL 00 2. AS cen ee ak ie pee a cee ee ees ae eee 2,360, 000 , 666, 909 rr 1 ODT be Se eee eee eR ee Se See tg eee 3, 345, 000 2,195, 010 4 Nc) cp oar OS eR ee, YE ROS SAO eg TNE eel ae “aes 16,975,500 | 10,718,671 New Farmers’ Bulletins issued in each year from 1895 to 1901, inclusive. Number Year. of bulle- tins. THE YEARBOOK FOR 1900. Thanks to the untiring efforts of my assistants and to the energy of the Public Printer, the first delivery of the Yearbook for 1900 was on May 27,1901. This volume seems to have been, judging by press comment, as well received as any of its predecessors, the only criticism of it, and that a just one, being the extreme bulkiness which the book has assumed. ‘This is largely due to the tendency of contributors to furnish lengthy articles, a tendency which every effort will be made DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 279 ~ to check in the preparation of the forthcoming volume, namely, the Yearbook for 1901. In the call for contributions from the several Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices special emphasis has been laid upon the necessity of furnishing shorter articles, and also upon your desire that every chief should, if possible, be represented by a paper in the Yearbook setting forth in a plain and interesting fashion the scope and purpose of some branch of the work carried on under his supervision. Another cause for the increase in size of this book is the growing demand for a greater variety of information, such as is contained in the Appendix. The readers of the Yearbook have become accus- tomed to referring to the Appendix fora large amount of informa- tion on a great variety of subjects, such as is not, it is believed, brought together in any other publication; and the fact that it is not elsewhere available renders it extremely undesirable to so restrict the limits of the Appendix as to eliminate important information which can not be procured elsewhere. REQUISITIONS FOR PRINTING. The total number of requisitions for printing signed by the chief of this Division was 2,746, of which 28 were subsequently canceled, leaving 2,718. Of these, 626 were drawn upon the main office and 2,092 upon the branch office. The number of requisitions issued yearly since 1898 is as follows: In 1898, 1,890; 1899, 2,342; 1900, 2,450; 1901, 2,746. The following statements show the number of requisitions drawn upon the Government Printing Office for the sey- eral Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices during the past fiscal year: MAIN OFFICE, Requisitions on the main office by Bureaus, Divisions, Offices, etc., 1901. SEETOL ADV EN OED Ute te etre Learn = 20 eee Re ere a ae eet tn ens oP oe oe ee 4 FACCOUMIS TAN GIS bUTSeMeNtS tr = se he ese ee eee Bene RD Deans ops 44 28 SAUD SI) 13S ee ee ae ae ne ee a, Goan aa Sng ore Aaah ir ee 99 A Oba oe Se Ne Se are en Oe eae 2, 092 Canceled. 828s osseous tS eR oN et es ee 28 Job work done in the branch printing office, 1901. Envelopes _ .__. Ste eo Ae oe 2 Pe ee On OmOe etter héads and note heads ....>... (2s. 2s. hss en ee 729, 976 AB ATS ep een a ae REN ok cts SpA ts AE ee 1, 436, 855 CIT CWATS ek 2s Ale ae hae ee ela wei n fsd2 Se, Ces A ee 326, 900 Saar Bees Fes SOLS 2 ye be Ne So Ven ea AO ekg en ge Se _. 4,186, 658 Pabels and shipping tags. 2225225225525 222s ee oe eee Loa Ree eaes. 2 456, 261 ASAT TAS Si 2h By fan ea yt te aw oe nly AEP Sols. ee Bo Sees See 4, 086, 560 Monthiyiand-other -lists 3 )482 28 25 Sa oy ee ee ee ee 677, 736 Prop imepurter..- = .2-2 5 teasers. Los dees ds ok seeads SSS = eee ee Circular letters and other notices ________.__.__............ -...-.--- 518, 0410 Miscellaneous! ==. eee sea oe jeltee tae ee te eee 903, 317 SLO tae aee ee See eee Sere Re fon oe eee Be Se ee LO Oia i ommoniion: oo Crop Besortar for ine oF August, September, October, November, 1900, and April, May, June, and July, 190!, was performed in br anch office. Printing of Crop Reporter for these months was performed at the main office. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 281 Publications printed in the branch printing office, 1901. - | Number ones Requi- d Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. she of copies sitions. printed. IREVOSCO LOD waa secs oa bomaleas cua Seba = a bas Sa eoee oe sore seac st concede cee eet soso oes 9 38, 000 ATMA OLN GUSUEY = = sass cack cee soon en saicesseineeeas see ew anne coos See eee ee {i 50, 000 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY: satact sooo netine Oe else oleae ses 5 coe sabe tes ese eee bee akan 8 28, 000 Botany; s2ce 22 eae ene son ee es 5 58, 000 @hemistry ---2---— 2 2,000 Entomology --.----- 13 31, 500 Exreriment Stations- Z é 5 11, 300 OR OS GE Vee ee a eee ae cama n, Sete e nen nancies ada nacoccc woseae eaee 3 , 000 ROTH OLO Rye eee oe ee en fae Seaise ea eae oat ae eee hse a seaene 1 5, 000 GLI CASON Se ene he a eae ree aa te ees Anant Ss Se LLY Dias oh ot 16 697, 000 SCaLIStICS ere sees Sateen eae eS ous eS case cease ee eee tent neee es Ladson cubeweesceae 7 375, 000 ROG pentane oe eee et ee aa nn Sean Seen oman as on ois Saga sane neeeee ae 76 1,319, 800 Additional evidence, if any were needed, of the large amount of work done in the branch office is offered by the fact that during the fiscal year 2,5245 reams of paper were used, aggregating a total weight of 523 tons. EXPENDITURES FOR PRINTING AND BINDING. The appropriation for printing and binding was $110,000, of which $20,000 was for the use of the Weather Bureau, and over which this office exercised no supervision. Of the $90,000 for the use of the Department, the expenditures during the year were $89,427.46, as shown in the accompanying statement. This does not include the total expenditures for printing, however, since various Bureaus, Divi- sions, and Offices have special funds from which printing may be defrayed, although there is no specific amount set aside for such pur- pose. The total expenditures from the three funds from which print- ing may be defrayed, viz, the regular printing fund, the fund for Farmers’ Bulletins, and from the special divisional funds are set forth in the subjoined statements. These statements also give the amount expended for each Bureau, Division, and Office of the Department from the general printing fund, and a summary of the expenditures under the several accounts of the Division of Publications for the year. The total expenditures for printing and binding delivered to the Department from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901, inclusive, was $160,462.! Amount expended for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices for printing and binding, 1901. Division: OleA Ccountse Lae ate he ee OES) A el eae $1, 444. 65 iBurcanof Animalemndustrys% =st tsi tees 2 ips ete Ee ne Tee 1, 239. 16 Division ofA crostolopy. isi =~ As: = os a 95 ee Pe 1, 668. 54 Division of Biological Survey _________- Sa eye te ae nee er EE EE Wh 2 2, 647. 90 VAAL OURO Le O LAND Ypres eee ee ea de ee a de 5, 215. 57 Division Om@homistry 4a) ies tae SON Ue. eT ee eee eee 2, 650. 59 Divisvonr Oi Mnbomolog yey 4s. ako) 5 bile eet bape Reta he ee Ie Te See 2,063. 67 OficeohxpernimentiStations)=_ 5 2202 eee eee ae es ee 14,575. 7 SccnonlotHloreione Markets s=-s t ne. See: Oe ee ae Re 4, 592. 44 PB PARLESTIEO bul ONTOS GDY. Serene ca a. ee Ane Id png hg ee 5, 016.55 Pivision OL Gardens and, Grounds.) 2222) ee ee 24.01 Upon ieee 8 heey tale 0) Nick eT Ae BOP Ble 1 Lt te DOR eR Moret a | SE ee secret te 2,106. 29 1Tt should be stated that these figures do not cover expenditures for the Weather Bureau, for the use of which $20,000 of the regular printing fund has been set aside, and whose printing work, as above stated, is entirely segregated from this ivision. 289 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Division of Pomology: 3 2annares 2 Pe Bey OS Tree phen oe $547. 42 DivIsioniOf Bublications ees sees ore eee ee ee ea an ea eee 3, 309. 21 Office of Public Road Inquiries . _______- OS pa Pes es eas hk les 403.60 Divasion-OLsOus sss = sa. s crys A ae ee eee ee eee 2,391. 53 TDIVAISLON OLS PALISLICS . 3. 2 Sac eee see a ee ee 7, 962. 42 Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology _ -.-.._...--.--.... 4,844.28 Miscellaneous 2 i te) ast Pale 5 ee ee ee a eee 3, 534. 93 Seediand telant introductioneess] ss = eee 52. 28 Printing at branch printing office for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices eden et Cates aS cpt caring aria tes see plea dsl baled Ninel pe es se 23, 086. 69 Totals is3 esis 2 Re ENS Be eee alk he CLs ey nee ere ay oe oA 89, 427. 46 Expenditures for printing and binding, total and by funds, 1901, TOTAL EXPENDITURES. Divisional publications paid from general fund (not including Farmers’ Bulletins ) ee ore kt BS Ege Wi ed ee ES 2 ae ey ee nee $57, 907. 05 Hanmerssbulleting csc" 2s vl Soe Ee 1D eet EA eay eee ee eae ne eee eee 51, 798. 63 Blank books, etc- LES eLe Me Be eee oe ie BEE ee een ees Branch office (all work) _ epvawize _Piseters Gatsgal aye sien ES eat ee ee eee 23, 086. 69 Divisional publications paid from special funds__--_-_---_ .---------- 17, 890. 07 Blank jbeoks, etc., paid from special Tundss-2 22 ess 1,345. 84 Ota eet a hes OO aa pein as en ek ee a ee 160, 462. 00 EXPENDITURES BY FUNDS. General printing fund ($90,000, exclusive of $20,000 for Weather Bureau): Expended for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices $66, 340.77 Expended for printing at branch office for the various Bureaus) Divisions yang Ofticesn- es eee ee eee a 23, 086. 69 $89, 427. 46 FRAT INGOTS hes UINY © GL ACE TD Ghee A ee a ee See ye 51, 798. 63 Divisional funds: BuTneamon Amimalwind istry a see eee ene 6, 145. 07 Division ol biological Sunvey mses. 6 see eee se eee 378. 07 Divisioniob/Botanye oe eee mt SNES et eR Bee 497.00 Division Ol HntOMO] Of y= seas a eee eee 575. 88 Office of Experiment Stations __-___.______---.. eso hinere 6, 079. 27 OfficevomHoreien= VMarketsae ee. ase eee ae ee 3, 098. 06 IDivisTOneOl Statistics sss aaa: eee Pee eee eee Pee PO NAG2RbD ——- 19, 235. 91 Motels ike oe cee eee Re oe A ee eee a 160, 462. 00 SALE OF PUBLICATIONS. The question of an equitable distribution of publications of the Department becomes more and more urgent and difficult every year. The Superintendent of Documents, to whom, under the law, all the publications of this Department should be turned over yearly, except such as are required for official use, not only reports a continued increase of demand, but deplores the fact that we are unable to supply him with a number sufficient to meet the calls upon him. The desirability of cooperating with this officer in the sale of our publications has been frequently dwelt upon, and it is emphasized every year by the utter inadequaey of the funds at our disposal for printing and thus supplying the demands made upon us. Every year the free miscellaneous distribution needs to be further restricted, and to do this with fairness to all concerned is not only difficult but well-nigh impossible. It will be a great help in the way of keeping the Superin- tendent of Documents supplied with such of our publications as he has a demand for were the law so amended as to permit the funds received by him from the purchasers, after deducting a certain percentage for DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 283 expenses, to be devoted to the reprint, with the approval of the Secre- tary of Agriculture, of those publications for which the demand con- tinues. In 1900 the sales fell off somewhat from the two years previous, but this was due almost entirely to the cause stated; namely, our inability to supply copies of publications asked for. In 1901 we have been more fortunate, and the result has been seen in the great increase in the number of publications sold. For purposes of comparison, the accompanying table shows not only the sales and receipts for this Department, but for all the other Departments. It will be seen that in 1901 the Superintendent of Documents sold of the publications of the Department of Agriculture 24,127 copies and of all other Depart- ments 9,458. The publications of this Department were, as might be expected, far less costly than those of the other Departments, hence we find that the receipts for the publications of all the other Depart- ments amounted to $6,862.44 and the receipts for publications of this Department were $3,220, 25. These figures show an extraordinary increase since 1896, the first year that the documents were sold by the Superintendent, the number of publications of this Department sold by him in that year being 2,818 and the receipts $353.10. Number of publications sold and amount received, 1898-1901, Copies of publications sold. Amount received. Department. <= 1901. 1900. 1899. 1898. 1901. 1900. 1899. 1898. Department of Agri- P culture ----.......-...| 24,127 | 16,905 | 18,750 | 17,740 | $3,220.25 | $2,157.65 | $2,154.45 | $2,089.15 Allother Departments | 9,458 | 10,928 | 8,058 | 3,623) 6,862.44 | 6,744.56 | 5,401.66 2, 448. 12 Motalst soi ss>) 22 3 33,585 | 27,903 | 26,808 | 21,363 | 10,082.69 | 8,902.2 7,556, 11 4, 537.27 ILLUSTRATION WORK. The total number of original drawings, photographs, ete., prepared in the section of illustrations during the year was 2,401, and of wood engravings 23.. The total cost of the illustration work was $8,971.62, of which $2,400.51 was defrayed from divisional funds. The following table gives the number and cost of illustrations: Number and cost of illustrations by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, 1901. REROMG chargeable Illus- | Cost of ie une to Division Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. tra- illustra- array of Publica- : tions tions. _ |tions’ illus- al funds. nation fund. NELORSLOLOL Yip = acon sleeves snows Sao Sosa secre aatsee ae 58 $120. a $120.17 Lae ANT Tiad GUS tI yA sts een eee ek Teach he nee ied 150 534.1 BS 2 op Ney eee 2 BIG lOCACANS UL VON =e se eee eee ae eee ee 29 116. 20 116.20 bes teins Botany == -:.. te Pa ol ae a ete a ee ae ae Sea enee i BOB ee cee eee $2.08 EMEOWIGIO Rats ee Sat 2 ee ee Pen ee ae ey 229 461.08 461. 08)| Fee) eee iP PORN ON tS LablONses 2 eno se een) pene 124 1, 003. 23 999.79 3.44 WGTes Gry es ae eee ed eg ea 7 67.48 59. 60 7.83 Gardensiand Groaundss oo) oo) a ee oe 1 2. 32 ges Se 2.32 IROMGLOR yee ata ee ea 2 ee 10 38.39 GOrO | eaeeeae ee PA DLCAGIONS es Soe ee ee ann eee 32 Bonet | See ees 39. 33 SUGDEN She pe a a a a ned ere aa 8 25. 64 24. 80 . 84 Statistics......-.-_- oe ee 2 2. 87 COSY tl ee te Vegetable Physiology and Pathology 25 51.50 43. 50 8. 00 Total ss sess Set ze 486 2,464. 35 2,400.51 63 84 AT USSU AUD BUOR A aston a nn eo en ain bates Sou Se See os|'e ss ee (10: 04) [eee ee 717. 04 ATIStS: SAIATIOSS. 22.) soe LAS 33 5, 790. 23 Ze Sas 5, 790. 23 ROLLE See cee eee ne ee ne ee eek 8,971. 62 2,400. 51 6,571.11 1 Lithographs. 284 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Furnishing duplicates of our illustrations to various correspondents for reproduction in their publications takes up considerabie time of our employees. Altogether, 1,457 duplicates were made by us upon the requests of correspondents, the cost thereof being defrayed by the applicants. A statement in detail of the work of the section of illustrations follows: Work of the section of illustrations, 1901. Number. Drawings, retcuching photographs, photographing on wood, etc., made by the artists in the Division of Publications.—.-...._._..._---- __+_-._-=5 = eae WGod GNeTaVIRSe a2" 2) bom ns sae es ee epee oe Sere ee eee a oo ee 23 hequests tor duplicate electroty pes). 22522202 ee seers oe ne ee lrsfi Duplicate electrotypes furnished to correspondents on request ----_--. ------ 1, 457 Requisitionstandianthorizationss t2./{/ 222 282s). ae aes are Tee eee 141 Illustrations printed or published (not including reprints) --_-__-_____ ---- 2, 095 THE DOCUMENT SECTION. During the fiseal year ended June 30, 1901, Farmers’ Bulletins to the number of 3,359,881 were received from the Government Printer, and 3,016,353 were distributed, more than two-thirds of these being mailed at the request of Senators, Representatives, and Delegates. Of mis- cellaneous publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins, 3,205,591 copies were received from the Publie Printer, and 3,137,671 were distributed to applicants for the same, making a total of 6,154,024 different doe- uments mailed from the document section. The preparing of addresses, answering of correspondence, and hand- ling of this number of publications entailed upon the document see- tion an amount of clerical and semiclerical work relatively as greatas the manual labor involved in wrapping the documents for mailing. Each request for publications and for information concerning publi- cations received in the document section receives careful attention and a prompt reply. In the furtherance of this work, 2,869 letters were prepared for the Secretary’s signature, and 8,302 were written for the signature of the Editor-in Chief. In addition to this, 228,253 blank forms, postal cards, and notification slips, bearing the printed signature of the Editor, were mailed to correspondents, and over 176,000 orders were written, filled, entered, and filed for future refer- ence; 3,238,288 franks or envelopes were addressed; and over 60,000 cards were wsed in indexing the names of the recipients of the more valuable publications. EXPENDITURES FROM SPECIAL FUND OF THE DIVISION. The following statement shows the total expenditures during the year from the special appropriation for this Division, including the amounts for preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bulletins, for art- ists and preparation of illustrations, for artists’ supplies, and for labor and materials in distribution of documents: Pay of artists and preparation of illustrations .__.......---.----.---- $5, 575. 00 Laborin distribution: documents. .4. 4. 5.> 2 = ae ee eee 41,186.57 Materials for document section -.2)...... 5c... eee eee 5, 115. 38 RYTISER BUPPMES =e ee oe Aas ess eet Bee we a eee eee 717. 04 Mlustrations’. scot eee ee etc o eo te oe eee eee Dee ene ee re 63. 84 Manuscrips for publication $255 27.3 oh2S Su eee oe a= oes ie ae 300. 00 101) eA ih ed SRI ee re nn ROM. Aa la. 3 52, 957. 83 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 285 Proparaien of Farmers’ Bulloting seoau 271 e ek - 26 ee ee se et Da $5, 601. 60 Erin bine Ong Harmers, Bulletins! 2250 6-8 eo a ate ee eee eee ee 51,798. 63 LNG i ee ea hal in BS RR Gi Fl poi FA il Rp pl 0 a a Se i 57, 400. 23 Grand! totale gs sae 2) 22 Jehan eh rrp st Maye eae ie oe epee 110, 358. 06 PUBLICATIONS PRINTED UNDER ACT OR SPECIAL RESOLUTION. The following is a list of publications not covered by the appropria- tions for printing, but provided for by act or by special resolution of Congress: PROVIDED FOR BY ACT OF CONGRESS. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, 1900. Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture. Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900. Operations of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, for the year 1899. PROVIDED FOR BY SPECIAL RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS, Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1899. Peach-Leaf Curl: Its Nature and Treatment. Agricultural Resources and Capabilities of Porto Rico. Irrigation Investigations in California. The Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States. Report on the Agricultural Resources and Capabilities of Hawaii. Fourth Report on the Agricultural Investigations in Alaska, 1900. Report on the Big Trees of California. A Primer of Forestry, Part |: The Forest. Progress of ‘the Beet-Sugar Industry in the United States in 1899, with a Supple- mentary Report on the Cane-Sugar Industry of the Hawaiian Islands. RECOMMENDATIONS. COMPENSATION OF ASSISTANTS. In submitting estimates for the expenses of this Division for the ensuing fiscal year, I feel compelled, in justice to my chief assistants, to call attention to the fact that their remuneration is quite inade- quate to the quality and quantity of service rendered by them. The responsibilities of my editorial assistants have greatly increased with the enormous increase of work, and the service exacted of them demands that they should be recognized as assistant editors. In the ease of almost every one of them the term editorial clerk is a mis- nomer. I trust, then, that it will be possible before long to secure for them and for the other meritorious clerks and employees the practical recognition which their services deserve. ‘In justice to them I shall also place on record here the fact that it is very seldom that any one of my principal assistants enjoys the full term of his leave, while every one of them frequently contributes extra labor for the purpose of aiding in the prompt and efficient performance of our work. What has been said in regard to my principal assistants in the edi- torial division equally applies to the assistant in charge of the docu- ment section, and to several members of our clerical force, especially those having charge of the books and of the supervision of the work of others. In the estimates of next year some transfers have been made from the Farmers’ Bulletin roll to the statutory roll, this being, it is understood, in accordance with the wishes of Congress, and some additional clerical force has been included. 286 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. NECESSITY FOR ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEES. The merest reference to the record of the work done preceding these recommendations will afford conclusive evidence of the neces- sity for a considerable addition to our force, if we are to perform the duties devolving upon us with promptness and efficiency. In this connection it is important to reiterate the fact that it is not in my power in any way to reduce the quantity of work save by good man- agement in its disposition. The amount of work depends entirely upon the general work of all the several Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices in the Department, any addition to which involves, necessarily, an increase in the labors and responsibilities of the Division of Publiea- tions, which is the channel through which all published results of work done must reach the public. That a sufficient force be main- tained, therefore, in this Division, to secure promptness in the publi- eation of manuscripts submitted, is of such importance as to_ be rep- resented by a very considerable money value to the country. Delay in publication for a few weeks may frequently postpone all possibility of any practical results from the information given for twelve months. The distribution of documents is subject to the same conditions as the rest of our work, in this case a great desideratum being prompt- ness and accuracy. The requests for publications and correspond- ence in regard thereto result in an average of letters received of about 1,000 a day, all of which must be carefully read, in most cases orders transcribed, and in all cases some form of reply sent. Taking into account the great increase in our work in all directions, the impossibility also of foreseeing the exact amount of work to be done during the next fiscal year, as explained above, and the serious consequence of delay, the necessity for a considerable enlargement of our immediately available resources will, I think, amply account for the increased appropriation asked for—an increase amounting to $45,800. ADDITIONAL FARMERS’ BULLETINS. The provision for the current year for Farmers’ Bulletins, 80 per cent of which are subject to the orders of Senators, Representatives, and Delegates in Congress, will involve an increase in the total num- ber of bulletins to be handled of 3? millions at least, to say nothing of the probable increase in our technical and miscellaneous publica- tions. The force which can be maintained upon the present appro- priation is utterly inadequate to dispose of this additional work, and unless Congress shall see fit to provide additional funds, available for expenditure during the current year, the work of the distribution of these bulletins must necessarily be intermitted. It is found quite impossible to obtain any additional service from the teams now employed in the Department, and it will be necessary that, for this Farmers’ Bulletin work, a special wagon and team be procured and maintained. ILLUSTRATION WORK. Reference to the estimates will show that a special appropriation is asked for illustration work, including also additional assistance when necessary, and for the purchase of valuable manuscripts. The total amount asked for these objects is considerably less than the sum appropriated for illustrations alone ten years ago, when the number of publications was barely one-fifth of those issued to-day. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 287 THE PRINTING FUND An invrease in the printing fund of $30,000 was granted by Con- gress for the present year, $10,000 of which, however, is for the exelu- sive benefit of the Weather Bureau. It was believed when the present appropriation was asked for that it would be amply sufficient, but such has not been the case. The large number of publications ‘held up during the close of the last fiscal year and necessarily charged to this year’s appropriation will leave actually available for this year’s publications very little more than we had last year. The devel- opment of the Department and the extension of its several lines of work have been so rapid as to entirely outstrip the development and extension of this Division, the work of which, for the reasons already stated, necessarily reflects, and in fact should keep full pace with, the general work of the Department. The fact that all the informa- tion acquired in the several Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices of the Department can be made of use only by being diffused—an obligation specifically recognized in the organic law er eating the Department— makes it a simple and logical conelusion that with every extension of work in any branch of the Department corresponding allowance for increased funds for printing must be made. Otherwise some valu- able information will have to be suppressed. SALE OF DOCUMENTS. On this subject, to which Iam unavoidably compelled to refer every year, I can only repeat the remarks of former years, and this with the added weight of additional experience. In spite of the great extent to which our publications are distributed gratuitously, the sales by the Superintendent of Documents continue to increase, and we have that gentleman’s assurance that such sales would be far more than doubled were the number of publications placed at his disposal ade- quate to meet the demand. To do this it would be necessary to reprint publications from time to time, just as often as necessary to meet the continued demand for them. That such was actually the intention of Congress when it adopted the act for the public printing and binding of January 12, 1895, I have nodoubt. At the same time, it is obvious that to do this would greatly overtax the printing fund available for the Department’s use. An amendment to this act is ur gently needed, providing that the sums received by the Superintendent of Documents from the sale of publications should be placed to the credit of the various Departments and added to their printing funds in the hands of the Public Printer, who should retain only a certain percentage, representing the expense of handling the business in the office of the Superintendent. Such an addition to our printing fund would, with- out doubt, enable us to always respond by means of reprints ‘to the demands fora fur ther supply of any publication by the Superintendent of Documents. Circular‘ No: 30!) March, 1902. >: 0) S22 i eee eee Bermuda Grass. By A. 8. Hitchcock, Assistant Agrostologist. Pps 6; figs. 2.) Circular Nore). April; tou. saeee Some Arizona Grasses. By Elmer D. Merrill, Assistant in ‘Charge of Col- lections. Pp. 10. Circular No.32. April, 1901 - Range Grass and Forage Experiments at Highmore, S. Dak. ‘Report. of Progress. BY 7b. Lamson-S“ribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 5. Circular No BB, April VO0U! eee Be er pra wet ada tee Sicois/a'c ah eee Meadows and Pastures: Formation and ‘Cultivation in the Middle East- ernStates. By Jared G. Smith, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 28. figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No, 66. (Reprint. ) cApril, 1901.26 2. ee Copies. 5, 000 1,000 3, 000 2, 000 2, 000 3, 000 10, 000 10, 000 15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 15, 000 1,000 ., 000 wo 3, 000 or . 000 1,000 20, 000 2, 500 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Cowpeas. By Jared G. Smith, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 16, fig.1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 89. (Reprint.) April, 1901.-_...__----_. .._.. AmericanGrasses. Il. (lllustrated.) By F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostol- ogist. Pp.349, figs. 325. Bulletin No.17. Revised edition. May, 1901. BTiCeseOlCeNts;. fo) kn ss os. =e een een shes). See ee ee ih S The Cultivated Vetches. By Jared G. Smith, Assistant pete legist, Pp. 8, figs. 6. Circular No. 6, Revised. (Reprint. ) Maya 0k =. Aristida Purpurea (Nutt.) and Its Allies. By Elmer D. Merrill, Assistant in Charge of Collections. Pp. 8. Circular No. 34. May. 1901__-__._-. Agrostological Notes. By F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist, and Elmer D. Merrill. Pp. 6. Circular No, 35. June, 1901 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Some Examples of the Development of Knowledge Concerning Animal Diseases. By D. E. Salmon, D. V. M., Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. iii, 93-134, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1N99, Siuasyesel 90 (OES eee etre teers 9s eeee te Ree tfeay Fetes Dairy Development in the United States. By Henry E. Alvord, C. E., Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. v, 381- 402, pls. 8, figs. 12 “reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899, July. 1990. __ Administrative Work of the Federal Government in Relation to the Ani- mal Industry. By George F. Thompson, Editorial Clerk, Bureau of Animal [ndustry. Pp. iii, 441-464, reprinted from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture for 1899. July, 1900 — _.. Hog Cholera and Swine Plague. By D. E. ‘Salmon, D. V.. M., ‘Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 24. (Reprint.) July, 1900 ___- seep ie Reprint. September, 1900_ .___.--._-- Reprint, April, 1901 .___- Facts About Milk. By R.A. Pearson, B. S., ‘Assistant Chief, “Dairy Divi- sion, Bureau of Animal MOUS EY iPpe 29, figs. 8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 42. (Reprint.) August, 1900 - wae eel Bel HER IE Reprint, November, 1900 Reprint, April, 190tes. OR 5 Pe hee pee enor ee The Dairy Herd: Its Formation and Management. By Henry E. Alvord, Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. (Reprinted, with revision by the author. from the Yearbook of the Department of Agri- culture for 1894.) Pp.24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 55. Aa sia Angust, 1900 - ie Reprint, February, The eae. eve Ta Fee tap ieta a yes Ducks and Geese: Standard Breeds and “Management. “By George E. Howard, Secretary of National Poultry and Pigeon Association. Pp. 48, figs. 37. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 64. (Reprint.) August, 1900 Reprint March, 1901. __..- Breeds of Dairy Cattle. By Henry E. ‘Alvord, C.E., Chief of ‘Dairy Divi- sion, Bureau of Animal Industry. (Reprinted from the Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1898.) ie 48, pecs 41. Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 106. (Reprint.) August, 1900_- CALLE SEO Reprint, August, 1900 Reprint, January, 1901 Reprint, April, 1901 ~ Reprint, May, 1901 . ___ Rabies: Report of the Committee on Public Health of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia. Pp.29. Bulletin No. 25. September, 1900. Price nar Gombe s aes FOF ais hs Seton at ferries Ao toy de Car eet WEE | KR Directions for the Use of Blackleg Vaccine. By Victor Norgaard, Chief of Pathological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 8, figs. 3. Circular No. 23. Second revision. (Reprint.) September, 1900 ___- Reprintehobruar ya dO lel) etter a ee ere oN Ch ee ae Butter Making on the Farm. By C. P. Goodrich, Dairy ‘Instructor, Harm- ers’ Institute Department, University of Wisconsin. Under supervision of the Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal ene ee 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No, 57. (Reprint. ) September, 1900 - Reprint, November, 1900 Died eset Reprint May st O01gseiaas 5 ap To ey peta 2 ueek: Rs rd See 293 Copies. 30, 000 1, 000 , 000 ot 8, 000 15, 000 15, 000 15, 000 10, 000 15, 000 30, 000 15, 000 30, 000 10, 000 15, 000 15, 000 15, 000 20, 000 30, 000 30, 000 3, 000 10, 000 20,000 10, 000 15, 000 30, 000 294 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Raising Sheep for Mutton. By Charles F. Curtiss, Director of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Pes 48, figs. 18. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 96. (Reprint.) September, 1900 _ : ELLs JINR eee eee = Reprint Janay elo Ole see 2 ee ee eee eee Blackleg. Its Nature, Cause, and Prevention. By Victor A. ‘Norgaard, Chief of Pathoiogical Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 23, fig. 1. Circular 31. Revised edition. November. 1900 ......--_.-_-__- Experiments with Texas Fever and Southern Cattle 'licks. Growing Noninfected Ticks and Afterwards Infecting Them. By E. C. Schroeder. A note on the Vitality of the Southern Cattle Tick. By E.C.Schroeder. A note on the Persistence of the Texas Fever Organism in the Blood of Cattle. By E.C.Schroeder. An Experiment in Blood and Serum Injec- tions in Connection with Texas Fever Investigations. By E.C. Schroe- der. Pp. 33-52. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) November, 1900 ___._..-___-----_- Repcrt Upon Experimental Exports of Butter, 1898-99. By Henry E. Alvord, C. E., Chief of Dairy Division. Pp. 154-248, (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1599.) November c1OU0 ves! As [ae am cer'h Et = eee ge 8 Pee pee es ern ee eee ee Statistics of Oleomargarine, Oleo Oil, and Filled Cheese. By R. A. Pear- son, M.58.. Assistant Chief of Dairy Division, Pp. ii, 287-320, diagram 1. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal industry S99)) © Novem ler i1\9 (0 eee ene eee eee eee ee ee A Report Upon the Examination of Milk. By E. A. de Schweinitz. The Internat.onal Congress for the Consideration of the Best Methods for Checking or Curing Tuberculosis. By E. A. de Schweinitz. Culture Media for Biochemic Investigations. By E. A. de Schweinitz. Pp. 147- 153, 126-1238, 145,146. (Reprinted from the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) November, 1900 ___._.-___-__- Foreign Markets for Eggs and Poultry. Report on Trial Shipments of Eggs to England. By Henry E. Alvord. Dressed Poultry in Foreign Cities. By Newton B. Ashby. Preparing Poultry for the London Mar- ket. By S. Lowe. Bristol Egg Trade. Egg Market of Paris. By New- ton B. Ashby. Egg Sales of Paris, 1896. Poultry Markets of Paris. By Newton B. Ashby. Egg Trade in Hamburg. By Newton B. Ashby. Pp. 321-345. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) November, 1900 ___...__--__. Standard Varieties of Chickens. By George BE. Howard, Secretary of National Poultry and Pigeon Association, Under the Supervision of Dr. D. E. Sa‘mon, Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry. ne 48, figs. 42. Farmers Bulletin No. 51. (Reprint.) November, 1900-__.__. : VE PLIN i Ee DTU ary Ole nee eee ee Care of Milk onthe Farm. By R. A. Pearson, B. §., Assistant Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 40, figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 63. (Reprint.) November, 1900_.._. .. Shoko ee Reprint; May, 1001.8. oe. ee ee eee ee National and State Dairy Laws. ~ Compiled and Abstracted by R. A. Pear- son, M.8., Assistant Chief of Dairy Division. Pp. 110. Bulletin No. 204 sWecembery900) “Price, | Oicentsh=o.2== s+ ae ee sas ee eee wees Reprint, April, 1901 ~ Our Present Knowledge of the Kidney Worm (Selerostoma pinguic cola) of Swine. By Louise Taylor, B.A.,M.5., Meena Zoological Laboratory, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 612-637, figs. 16. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) December, 1900 _.-__._. eos 2 ae pie Information C oncerning the. Angora Goat. By George Fayette Thomp- son, Editorial Clerk, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 94, frontispiece, pls. 17, fig.1. Bulletin No.27. January,1901. Price, 15 cents._------.- Reprint, March, 1901 ___. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1900. “By D.E. Salmon. Pp. ii, 211-231, from Annual Reports, Department of Agricul- ture, 1900. January, 190! Spee TT APN I MLAs eel. . s Officials, Associations, and Educational Institutions connected with the Dairy Interests of the United States for the year 1901. By Henry E. Alvord, Chief of Dairy Division, Pp. 8. Circular No. 33. February, DOO MRE ibe. eee Sele ee eee Sew S ih er eeree The Imperial German Meat Inspection ‘Law. In German and English. Pp los ‘Circular Novo. | Wiarch LOU er. sees Sere ee eee Copies. 10, 000 20, 000 10, 000 2, 000 12, 000 6, 000 2, 000 2, 000 15, 000 30, 000 15, 000 30, 000 1, 000 2, 000 1, 000 7,500 10, 000 1, 200 6, 000 2, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Notes on Parasites—50-52. By Ch. Wardell Stiles, Ph. D., Zoologist, Bureau of Animal Industry,and Albert Hassall, M. R.C.V.S., Acting Assistant Zoologist, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 558-611, pls. 2, figs. 7. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Adenitis. By Victor A. Nérgaard, V.8.(Copenhagen), Chief of Patho- logical Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, and John R. Mohler, V. M. D., Acting Assistant Chief of Pathological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 635-662, pls. 7. (Reprinted from Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) March,1901___. ___- Notes on the Animal Industry of Porto Rico. By O. F. Cook, Special Agent, Division of Botany. Pp.663-667, pls. 10. (Reprinted irom Six- teenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1899.) March, SID cir Ses Eee en le Pa yr NS pene eset Se te leg gel IO De OD g Palio Nowgou., Cheprint.)) (March? 4901-2523... 222 et Legislation with Reference to Bovine Tuberculosis, Being a Digest of the Laws Now in Force and a Transcript of the Laws, Rules and Regula- tions, and Proclamations for the Several States and Territories. By D. E. Salmon, D. V. M., Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp lisa bulletinwNosco. Aprils 1901 = Pricey 10) centsl 5. eee Notes on Parasites—55-57. By Ch. Wardell Stiles, Ph. D., Zoologist, Bureau of Animal Industry. Albert Hassall, M. R. C. V. 8., Acting Assistant Zoologist, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 4. Circular No. cael Sak ojerill a RS {0 a og ae ed Ue A IFS ES RE hPa 2. OS Eprintewe ness 1 O01 Series ee, Cae Pte eee ie a eet oe PENTRU UA LLEVA COO Apr GOt 8 tis rae Er eie otter ibe oh Some Essentials in Beef Production. By Charles F. Curtiss. Director of the lowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 24, figs. 17. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 71. (Reprint.) November, 1900 __ __.-_-___- SA Ae See ODEN, May MOOK (97 F<. tu eee eek yee Se. Be CPS) The Len ee, DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. Legislation for the Protection of Birds Other Than Game Birds. By T. S. Palmer, Assistant Chief, Biological Survey. Prepared under the direc- tion of Dr.C, Hart Merriam, Chiei of Biological Survey. Pp.91, pls. 2, figs. 8. Bulletin No. 12. (Reprint.) July, 1900. Price, 10 cents ____ Directory of State Officials and Organizations Concerned with the Pro- tection of Birdsand Game. Pp.8. Circular No. 28. July, 1900 _____- nepriaie Amongst, V0) wi tee feels Bon cate eee Os ere hs Protection and Importation of Birds under Act of Congress Approved May Zon loOUs Gk pu. Cirecilar No: 29; “Duly 100072 ce vs jee ees ee 295 Copies. 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 15, 000 2, 000 1,000 1, 000 15, 000 30, 000 256 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. North American Fauna No.18. Revision of the Pocket Mice of the Genus Perognathas. By Wilfred H. Osgood, Assistant Biologist, Biological Survey. Prepared under the direction of Dr.C. Hart Merriam, Chief of Biological Survey. Pp. 72, pls. 4, figs. 15. dena. 1900. Price, 10 cents - HF ee Hawks and Owls from the ‘Standpoint of the Farmer. By A. K. Fisher, M. D., Assistant Ornithologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. 215-233, pls. 3, figs. 4, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agri- culture for 1894. (Reprint.) September, 1900- i ae North American Fauna No. 19. Results of a Biological Reconnoissance of the Yukon River Region. General account of the Region. Anno- tated List of Mammals. By Wilfred H. Osgood. Annotated List of Birds. By Louis B. Bishop, M. D. Prepared under the direction of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of Division of Biological Survey. Pp. 100, Dlsia) Octobers1900 Ss PricesalOicemtsy ea see ae seen oe eee Information Concerning Game: Seasons, Shipment, and Sale. By T. S. Palmer and H. W. Olds, Assistants, Biological Survey. Pp.20. Circular Slee October: L900 oe 2A Eee. ee ce see | ee Reprint, November, DT QOO! toe jeek ape tnales SS geet Le en eid i Sa Birds of the Yukon Region, with Notes on Other Species. By Louis B. Bishop, M. D. Pp. 47-100, reprinted from North American Fauna No. 19:=Octobers900)2 52 2. PS ee ER AS SS St eee Eee ee ee Laws Regulating the Transportation and Sale of Game. By T. 5S. Pal- mer and H. W. Olds, Assistants, Biological Survey. Prepared under the direction of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of Biological Survey. Pp. 89, pls. 9. Bulletin No. 14. December, 1900. Price, 10 cents __.____.- Report of the Acting Chief of the Division of Biological Survey for 1900. By T.S. Palmer. Pp. ii, 35-48, from Annual Reports Department of Agriculture, 1900. January, DOOD 4 celeste S Be eR 2 By nrc Epes Some Common Birds in Their Relation to Agriculture. By F. E. L. Beal, B.S., Assistant Ornithologist, Biological Sur vey. Pp. 40, figs. 22. Far- mers’ Bulletin No. 54. (Reprint. ) ~ January, TOOD Ss ee Seer eee North American Fauna No. 16. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount Shasta, California. By C. Hart Merriam, Chiet of Division of Biological Survey. Pp. 179, pls. 5, figs. 46. (Reprint. ) February, 1901. Price, SON CENTS aa ee 2 eee ae SE DE eS pS ae ee a ee ee ee Directions for the Destruction of Prairie Dogs. By C. Hart Merriam, Chief of Biological Survey. P.1. Circular No. 32. February, 1901__- Protection of Birds and Game. Director y of State ‘Officials and Organi- cations for 1901. Pp.10. Circular No. 33. April, 1901 DIVISION OF BOTANY. Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium. Vol. V, No. 5. The Plant Covering of Ocracoke Island: A Study in the Ecology of the North Carolina Strand Vegetation. By Thomas H. Kearney, jr. Pp. 63, figs. LS Pre aly. L900; &sPrige,.0 Cents. 2. se. 222222) en ee eee Reprint, August, 1900. Ppl e6l=olOs 2. es eee ae oat ey oe Crimson Clover “Seed. By A. J. Pieters, in Charge of Pure Seed Inves- tigations. Pp.6,figs.3. Circular No. 18. Revised edition. July, 1800- Reprint OctoberwlG00) Be. 2 Sues ie Tee ee eee ee ee eee Horse-Radish Culture in Bohemia, By David G. Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer. Pp. 3, figs. 2. Circular No. 20. (Reprint.) July, 1900 __.. Seed Selling, Seed Growing, and Seed Testing. By A. J. Pieters, in Charge of Pure Seed Investigations, Division of Botany. Pp. iii, 549- 574, pls. 5, fig. 1, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. August, 1900 eee The Farmer's Interest in Good Seed. ‘By A ING Pieters, in “Charge o1 Pure Seed investigations, Division of Botany. Pp. 24 , figs. 7. Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 111. (Reprint.) July, 1900 Reprinty January, VO). 222 Co Le oe ee eee The Present Status of Rice Culture in the United States. By 8. A. Knapp. Pp. 56, pls. 3. Bulletin No. 22. (Reprint.) August, 1900. Price, 10 C61 =) 0 rc ein aa ke AERP etl TAN AD paler 2 RN Te MS Ue 8 BL kil el a ee Rubber Cu!tivation for Porto Rico. By O. F. Cook, Special Agent. Pp. ier CALCULATING. com Uta O Omen eee Weeds: And How to Kill Them, By Lyster H. Dewey , Assistant Bot- anist. Pp. 32, figs. 11. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 28. Boece ) Octo- er; LOO0 Zo eee See Ul 5 a ee yo ard . is LEE ee Reprint, “March, TOOL Luce tee ee ee ee Copies. 3, 000 5, 000 3, 000 5, 000 10, 000 150 5, 000 300 20, 000 2, 500 2,500 45, 000 1, 500 3, 000 2, 000 15, 000 ~0, 000 2, 000 8, 000 15, 000 15, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Inventory No. 7. Foreign Seeds and Plants Imported by the Department of Rescaealiare. through the Section of Seed and Plant Introduction, tor distribut on in cooperation with the State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions. Numbers 2701-3400. Pp. 86. October, LQ00 ME Aas seas ee yeu Chicory Growing. By Maurice G. Kains, Special cee Culturist. Pp. 12, figs. 3. (Circular No. 29.) November, 1900__. _- We At Saninbutions from the U. S. National Herbarium. Vol. VII, No. 1. Monograph of the N orth American Umbellifere. By John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose. Pp. 256, vii, pls. 9, figs. 65. December, 1900. Price, 20 cents --- er a ee Red Clover Seed: Information for Purchasers. By A. “de Pieters, Assistant Botanist, Division of Botany, in Charge of Pure Seed Investigations. Pp. 11, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 123. January, 1901 2.22): .-2.-: Report of the Botanist for 1900. By Frederick V. Coville. Pp. iii, 91-101, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. January, 1901_ The Stock Poisoning Plants of Montana: A Preliminary Report bya VK Chesnut and E. V. Wilcox. Pp. 150, frontispiece, pls. 35. Bulletin Mim 26 ee anriie 1001. “Price, Scentate see 20 LSA! oo ee Shade in Coffee Culture. By O. F. Cook, Special Agent for Tropical Agri- culture. Pp.79, pls. 16. Bulletin No. 25. May,1901. Price, 15 cents- List of Publications of the Division of Botany. By Frederick V. Coville, ipovanist. Epon, Circalar Now.) May, LO0T?: 522 cle sole ks Flax for Seed and Fiber in the United States. By Chas. Richards Dodge, Special Agent for Fiber Investigations. Pp.16. Farmers’ Bulletin No, Cie (ECDLiniGs) eae yar O Olesen kee te eee: Cee Re Sy ened Eo eae Thirty Poisonous Plants of the United States. By V.K. Chesnut, Assist- ant Botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. aa ae 24, Farm- ers’ Bulletin No. 86. (Reprint.) May, 1901. __. - uLee Rice Culture in the United States. By Dr. 5. ix Knapp. Pp.2 -Farm- ers Bulletin’ No. 110. (Reprint.). May,1901_2-:-.--._..---..--_--+-=- Canada Thistle (Carduus arvensis (lu.) Robs.). By Lyster H. Dewey, Assistant Botanist. Pp. 14, rece 4, Circular No. 27. Revised edition. ICING ot) Leer ers oy et ek oe ae er ayes hey eee el ke Le ES Fe eee DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. Rapport sur l’usage et les Possibilités de l’extension du mais (Ble’ d’ Inde) en Europe. 1. Importance du Mais Comme HEHE par le Dr. H. W. Wiley, Directeur du Laboratoire de Chimie. Industrie du Be d’Inde aux Etats-Unis par B. W.Snow, Statintician adjoint, Pp. 2 GREprinty) ee iy 19 Oe sere x coe ha 2 Te eben aie a ee ene ear Composition Chimique Du Mais et de Ses Produits. Par M. H.W. Wiley. (Traduit librement de l’anglais, par M Edmond Gain, maitre de con- férences 4 la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Nancy.) Pp. 13. CireulareNion Gz (eprint.)) yd Uly 1900 Sa eee ete See Mineral Phosphates as Fertilizers. By H.W. Wiley, Chemist of the U. 5. Department of Agriculture. Pp. iii, 177-192, figs. 2. reprinted from the Yearbook of U.S. Department of Agriculture for 1894, (Reprint.) Ansnust. 19005 2 s2s F ohs eho Ayo The Relation of Chemistry ‘to the Progress of Agriculture. “By Dr. H. W. Wiley, Chemist. Pp. iv, 201-258, pls. 2, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. ‘August, 100s ee ASS ee ae Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Convention of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Held at San Francisco, Cal., July 5, 6, and 7, 1899. Edited by ee W. Wiley, Secretary of the Association. Pp. 130, figs. 2. Bulletin No. 57 eprint) September, 1900. Price, UOC OTHER Te eae et tae Bek eee he ES ea eat aS ee em ae The Manufacture of ‘Sorghum Sirup. By A. A. Denton, Medicine Lodge, Kans. Pp. 82, figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 90. (Reprint.) October, Ot) pace eens te His 5 tal ae Re lie, ie She eafaiae rn oa belie Ade TES BS) oy RAS Reprints Vayeet O01 ete cer. ab abe ehiees eee ede Act cet th oes The Manufacture of Starch from Potatoes and Cassava. By Harvey W. Wiley, Chief of the Division of Chemistry. Pp. 48, pls. 8, figs. 17. Bulletin No. 58. November, 1900. Price, 10 cents__.__....-..-_._..-- The Composition of American Wines. By W.D. Bigelow, Second Assist- ant Chemist. Prepared under the direction of H. W. Wiley, Chief Chemist. Pp. 76. Bulletin No. 59. November, 1900. Price, 5 cents_- Proposed Reforms in Fertilizer Inspection Laws. By H. W. Wiley, Chem- ist. Pp. 4. Circular No. 3. Revised edition. January, 1901. -_.-.... 297 Copies. 6, 000 3, 000 4, 000 20, 000 30, 000 10, 000 2, 000 5, 000 5, 000 298 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Report of the Chemist for 1900. By H.W. Wiley. Pp. ii, 17-26, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. January,1901__. _. The Sunfiower Plant: Its Cultivation, Composition and Uses. By Harvey W. Wiley, Chiet of the Division of Chemistry. Pp. 31, pl. 1, figs. 2. BulletineNo.60;, Hebruary, .80l) Mericesp centgee. eee a eee Pure Food Laws of European Countries Affecting American Exports. Prepared under the direction of H. W. Wiley, Chief Chemist of the U.S. Department of Agr culture. by W. D. Bigelow, Second Assistant Chemist. Pp. 39. Bulletin No. 61. March, 1901. Price, 5 cents_-_---- The Sugar Beet: Culture, Seed, Development, Manufacture, and Statistics. By H. W. Wiley, Chief of the Division of Chemistry, and formerly Director of the Department Sugar Beet Experiment Station in Nebraska. Pp. 48, figs. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 52. (Reprint.) April, 1901__- Reprint, Maya 90ll- Bou juceertis rer. Yop dese bel et) tetre eee ere Every Farm an Experiment Station. By Ervin E. Ewell, First Assistant, Division of Chemistry. Pp. ii, 291-304, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1897. April, 1901_22%)-- | 2 2252 se Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Convention of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemis s Held at Washington, D. C., November 16, 17, and 19, 1900. Edited by Harvey W. Wiley, Secretary of the Asso- ciation. Pp. 163. Bulletin No.62. May,1901. Price, 10 cents est Outline of Work on Foods and Feeding Stuffs for 1901. By William F. Krug. Referee on Foods and Feeding Stuffs. Pp. 38. Circular No. 7, DivAsionois Ghemistryame Mayas o0Ie = eae Sh Ae Household Tests for the Detection of Oleomargarine and Renovated But- ter. By G.E. Patrick, Assistant in the Division of Chemistry. Pp. 11. iHarmers?2bulletin No; 121s) Jie 990 eee 2 ee eee eee err ee DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United States: Giving Some Account of Their Structure and Biology, with Remarks on Remedies. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D., Entomologist. Pp. 70, figs. 22. Bulletin No, 25, new BEnIehse MUS UStewlO00Ne EMCO, O1CCIIGS Sates ee =e eee ‘Reprint, September, ~1900'...2 3227. sah eps ee SO ER ee eee eee RepLIMheNOVeMap eran (\( eps aan een yee Sees + eed, ai Progress in Economic Entomology in the United States. Pp. ii, 155-156, pl. 1, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. Aagusts (900! 2... oe messtee gis oa Pe eee ee ee eee The Principal Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant. By L. O. Howard, Entomo'ogist. (Reprinted with slight revision by the author from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1898.) Pp. 82, figs. 25. Harmers bulletin Nov i20! Ante usts 900s ee ee A List of Works on North American Entomology. Compiled under the direction of the Entomologist for the use of students and other workers, as well as for those about to begin the collecting and study of insects. By Nathan Banks, Assistant. Pp. 95. Bulletin No, 24, new series. September; (1900, /;Price, 10)cents. &... -25ehs Se ie Soe ee ee Mosquitoes and Fleas. By L. O. Howard, En omologist. Pp. 4. Circu- lar No. 1’, second series. (Reprint.) September, 1900....----.-.----- Reprint, April s190l 6p. 933 4 Se ee Be ee ee eee 493 SSG AG Sie eee The Larger Cornstalk Borer (Diatrea saccharalis Fab.). By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Pp. 3, figs. 3. Cireular No. 16, second series, (Reprint). September, 1900.2 =. 2 Aye) eee a se ce eee Regulations of Foreign Governments Regarding Importation of American Plants, Trces, and Fruits. By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Pp. 4. Circular No. 41, second series. September, 1900_.-.. ....--2.-22_-22-- Reprint, WlarchywgOles -2 ee. = = peti etg LVS eC ee a Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists. Pp. 102. Bulletin No. 26,new series. October, 19005) Price wlOicontsme sas. sare. aan aceite 1a ee ee SYS Observations on Diabrotica 12-Punctata Oliv. By A. L. Quaintance, Experiment, Ga. Pp. 35-40, reprinted from Bulletin No. 26, new series, Division of Entomology. October, 1900 .._.- ee Soe Notes on Coccide of Georgia. By W. M. Scott, Atlanta, Ga. Pp. 49-54, reprinted from Bulletin No. 26, new series, Division of En‘omplogy. Mctober; LIQU A 32 Aa eh Pe pee eee eealaeee aes Ue eee gee Copies. 500 3,000 4, 000 15, 000 30, 000 2, 000 1,000 150 30, 000 2, 500 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 30, 000 2, 000 1,000 2, 500 1, 000 3, 000 2,500 3, 000 100 100 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 299 Copies. Insects of the Year in Ohio. By F.M. Webster. Pp. 84-90, reprinted . from Bulletin No. 26, new series, Division of Entomology. October, 1900_ 100 The Peach Twig-Borer: An Important Enemy of Stone Fruits. By C. L. Marlatt, M.S., First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 16, figs. 5. Farmers’ BuliehmeNo: S05 (Reprint) YOctober. WoO ese see eee 155000 Reprint Maye LOO 1 (es seek ag ep Pa ete SE ee ae ee apes 20, 000 How to Control the San Jose Scale, By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp.6. Circular No. 42,second series. November,1900__ 5, 000 Objects of the Association of Economic Entomologists. By Clarence P. Gillette, Fort Collins, Colo. Pp. 5-15, reprinted from Bulletin No. 26, new series, Division of Entomology (Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists). November, TUE ce ye ok SE OS ES a Ss es ae re Paes 150 The Principal Imsect Enemies of the Grape. By GUL: "Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. (Reprinted from original plates from the Yearbook of the Departm:nt of Agriculture for 1895.) Pp. 23, figs. 12. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 70. (Reprint.) November, 1900___.__ ________ 15, 000 Three Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. (Reprinted with some annotations by the author from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1895.) Pp. 30, figs. 11. Farmers’ BuiletineNo:99:) (Reprints); wNiovembers190 0a 9 ee ee 15, 000 Reprint Avril Ole Ae eed fF LATIONS eet aoe, zack. hte we Re 20, 000 The Honey Bee: A Mannal of Instruction in Apiculture. By Frank Ben- ton, M.§., Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 118, frontispiece, pls. 11, figs. 76. Bulletin No. 1,newseries. Third edition. (Reprint. ) December, 1900. Price, 5 Conte inca. 01 sit Wildy jot ae Pe 1, 000 How to Distinguish the Different Mosquitoes of North America. By LAO. Howard, Entomologist. Pp. 7, figs. 3. Circular No. 40, new series. (Reprint. ) December, AGO Oities I es Ad nei She RE ee 1, 000 Reprint, March, 1901_ ats Een Ee a EER LA IRS SCE A BS ee 2. 500 Report of the Entomologist for 1900. By L. O. Howard. Pp. iii, 27-84, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. January, 1901- 500 The Harlequin Cabbage Bug or Calico Back (Murgantiahistrionica Hahn. ). By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Pp. 2, fig. 1.. Circular No. 10, second Seniesa o(kveprint.)) Marchi 1901ks sete eee Dera s Sy Ie oe ee 2,500 The Strawberry Weevil (Anthonomus signatus Say.). By F. H. Chit- tenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 7, figs. 4. Circular No. 21, sec- OngIserics am (reprints ee Viarch 19 01iee te See ee mares hs Ee eee 2,500 The Periodical Cicada in 1897. By E. A. Schwarz, Assistant. Pp. 4 Circular No. 22, second series. (Reprint.) March, 1901_--_---..._.__- 2, 500 Bee Keeping. By Frank Benton, M.38., Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 32, figs. 19. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 59. (Reprint.) March, 1901 ______-_-_- 15, 000 Important Insecticides: Directions for Their Preparation and Use. (A Revision of Farmers’ Bulletin No. 19.) By C. L. Marlatt, M.8., First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 42, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 127. March al90:1) Sia is ermine Nt UE OU Mos ANSE TSU 7 OUT TL IAS 30, 000 Destructive Locusts: A Popular Consideration of a Few of the More In- jurious Locusts (or ‘‘grasshoppers”) of the United States, together with the Best Means of Destroying Them. By C. V. Riley, M. A., Ph. D., Entomologist. Pp. 62, map, pls. 12, figs. 11. Bulletin No. 25. (Re- print.) Apr |, (190i. Brice; dibicemtsase ss. ee 1, 000 Bibliography of the More Impor tant Contributionsto American Economic Entomology. Part VII. The More Important Writings Published Between December 31, 1896, and January 1, 1900. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist, by Nathan Banks, Assistant. Pp. 113. Cloth. April. 1901. Price, 20 cents _- 1, 000 The Carpet Beetle, or ‘‘ Buffalo Moth” (Anthrenus ser rophularic Baye Pp. 4, fig.1. Circular No.5,secondseries. (Reprint.) April, 1901____- 2, 500 Some Insects In urious to Stored Grain. By F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 24, figs. 18. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 45. Revised editions e(heprints)? sAprily1 901 2s eae ees ete eee 10, 000 The Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil. By Frederick W. Mally, M. Sc., Pro- fessor of Entomology, Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station, Tex. Pp.:0,figs.4. Farmers’ Bulletin No, 130. April, 1901-30, 000 Some Insects Injurious to the Violet, Rose, and Other Ornamental Plants. A Collection of Articles dealing with Insects of this Class. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist, by F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 114, pls. 4, figs. 29. Bulletin No. 27, new series. Mayall S0tw PricosOicentsetas= 225 22.5: o05 Ses. ee ee osce hee neess 1, 000 300 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. House Ants (Monomorium pharaonis, et al.). By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 4. Circular No. 34, second series. (Re- print.) June, 1901 The Destructive Green Pea Louse (Nectaraphora destructor Johns.). Pps tics. 3: Circular Nos43; (May, 1002 eae Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D.. Entomolo- gist. (Reprinted with Revision by the author, from Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations.) Pp. 32, figs. 18. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 47. (Reprint;)in May, 130 eae eee AES The Principal Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat. By C. L. Marlatt, M. S., First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 40, figs. 25. Farmers’ Bulle- tin No. 182. June, 1901 OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Experiment Station Record (acondensed record of the contents of the bulle- tins and reports issued by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the United States, and also a brief review of agricultural science of the world). Price, 10 cents each. Viol: =XadesNo. icy Pps vai; 1001-1100 s Amaush, 1900S Vol. XII, No. Pp. vi, 1-100... September; 1900. -- Seat sess ee Vol. XII, No. Pp. vi, 101-200, figs. 3. September, 1900_-___ ----- Vol. XII, No. 3. Pp. viii, 201-3800. December, 1900---........--_--- Vol. XII, No. - vili, 201-301). March, 1901. (Reprint.) -____-- Vol. XII, No. Pp. vi, 301-400, fig. 1. December, 1900... - =. 22-2 -- Vol. XII, No. Pp. vi, 301-400, fig. 1. March, 1901. (Reprint.) -- Vol. XI, No. 12. Pp. 1101-1208, xvi. January, 1901 -..---_-_---- ee Vol: alls Novos sepa 401-500) wanuany 0 0eeee eee oe ee BR tg no] Vol. XII, No. 5. Pp. vi, 401-500. March, 1801. (Reprint.).... .-..= Viol XT SNos Ga ep avae 501-6002) sMian.chingl(0 0 lease sees eee Vol. XII; No.6... Pp: vi, 501-600, March, 1201... .(Reprint.))2 {-2222. Vol. XII, No. 2. Pp. vi, 101-200, figs. 3. March, 1901. (Reprint.) -- WolEEX Non ie eps evieO 01 00S Ato rilia 190) Ss area arene ee Wo lexi NOn8s Ep savas Ol SO0s meg rile 1 (eee ee ee ree Viol exdT= Now os eB. vilec01— 900s April O01 eee Voloxai No: 1055 Bp vil, 9011000 May. 190 ee ee Land Grant and Other Colleges and the National Defense. By Charles W. Dabney, Ph. D., President of the University of Tennessee. Pp.15. Cir- cular No: 40 (Reprints) dulyznl000 2S an ee Food—Nutrients—Food Economy. Pp. 6. Circular No. 43. (Reprint.) July 1 G00F eS Se fe Re 2 ae erence le SPs ge re Seed Beye eee Agricultural Education in the United States. By A. C. True, Ph. D., Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iii, 157-190, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. July, 1400 ___- Development of the Nutrition Investigations of the Department of Agri- culture. By A. C. True, Ph. D., Director, and R. D. Milner, Ph. B., Assistant in Nutrition Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iii, 403-414, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 189947 Duly, LOO es seed Se eee 2 aha rs aes ORE otal eee eee Fowls: Care and Feeding. By G. C. Watson, B. Agr., M. 8., Professor of Agriculture in Pennsylvania State College and Agriculturist of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 24,figs.4. Farm- ers’ Bulletin Nos41.) (Reprint) July. 1900 22322 ssa22 222 ee Reprint,-August,1900), 4. seers sues aie oe eee eee ee Reprint) Hebruary, LOOM. eas sss e anes Reprint; May, 1901). 2c. 4 wo.6 2528 eee Ee eee Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Convention of the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, Held at San Francisco, Cal., July 5-7, 1899. Edited by A. C. True and W. H. Beal, for the Office of Experiment Stations, and H. H. Goodell, for the Execu- tive Committee of the Association. Pp. 112. Bulletin No. 76. August, 19005 “Price 1 Olcentisy = eer sees Gre. He tear) be ee Bes : A Report on the Work and Expenditures of the Agricultural Experiment Stations for the Year Ended June 30, 1899. By A. C. True, Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 111. Bulletin No.83. August, 1900. UPrice:,:10 Gente sees sae oe ee ee one BRST. ANE ly eke Seta ieeee Copies. 3, 000 3, 000 10, 000 15, 000 1, 000 15, 000 10, 000 20, 000 30, 000 500 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States. By A. C. True, Ph. D.. Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp, iii, 513-548, pls. 3, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. August, 1900 - acca ae re Rise and Future of Irrigation in the United States. ‘By Elwood Mead, Expert in Charge of eae Investigations, Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp. iii, 591-612 , pls. 5, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. August, SIGS LULD es dase lee! Satria Se tent 8 nae cee en The Feeding of Farm Animals. By E. W. Allen, Ph. D., Assistant Direc- tor Oe the Office of Experiment Stations. Fe 32. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2 (Reprints) rAuUsUst 900 teen nen eee eee eee Penink November, 1000 2 ost Meee ts een AS tA eee em oer ee Reprint, March, 1901 - Se ae ot eS ee Experiment Station Work—IL | Pp. 82, figs. 7 . Farmers’ Bulletin No. 65. (hepmnty ee Aw oust O00 aes ae aneeet ae he seer eee eke Pe Reprint, January, 1901 - sea acl nN Corn Culture in the South. By Sg. M. Tracy, M.S. Pp. 24. ‘Farmers’ Bie hineNOmesle (eprint) oN UlTIShs toUme a= se = ee oes EGE PTA red PTL ATV LO () teem ate tee eee eee Ee ee oy: eee Fish as Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D.. Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp. 30. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 85. (Reprint.) August, 1900__- Rep EI NOVETA De Gael Ol Ohara een rernee eee ernie rene ce Oey es ry ee See Lepore iain, WW ys AUT aes a oes Be Se eae eta eee OE ae et ee ie a ie ome he Experiment Station Work—XV. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 31, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. UNSEAT Sb OOO a a mere ete ee Re ee ie ee eee nie oe Bee enor Reprint, April, 1901 - Bip tee ee Report on Agricultural Investigations ‘in Alaska in 1899. ~ ‘By mC: Georgeson, M. S., Special Agent in Charge of Alaska Investigations. Pp. 55, pls. 17. Bulletin No. 82. September, 1900. Price 10 cents . _- Nutrition Investigations at the California Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, 1896-188. By M. E. Jaffa, M.S., Assistant Professor of Agricul- ture, University of California. Pp. 39. Bulletin No. 84. September, S00 SSR ETI GeuOICeNn tS tan = ae ee re eer Ae ON te ee eee ys! Ae A Report of Investigations on the Digestibility ‘and Nutritive Value of Bread. By Chas. D. Woods, Director, and L. H. Merrill, Chemist, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 51. Bulletin No. 85. Sepromber-s1 9005 UO Pricey COnis2 2. an tle See ee eae ee See Barnyard Manure. By W. H. Beal, of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs 7. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 21. (Reprint.) September, 1900_ Reprint, INOVONTDOEPLOUOE ssa erent ee Ee sed: ESS ha 2s EE Se [aneyayisian reg are Ul Eee es Se Sek a ee ee ee oe ee re nite Potato Culture. By J. F. Duggar. of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24, figs.2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 35. (Reprint.) September, 1900_ ReEprNn ta NOVeInbels 900s. 5. Meh are @ uae SPO Rte Cres Dee ee ODL ey CprilnL Omer <2 MOO Wg ey lemme eee were EEL Ae Farmers’ Reading Courses. Abridgment of Bulletin No. 72, Office of Experiment Stations, by L. H. Bailey. Pp. 20. Farmers’ Bulletin No. LOOSen CHeprini= moc p Lem ber G00. cae eae AA eee ae oe eee RepmnG Novembervalg00e) sae ae eee Dad De te ee ee Reprints. He bruadtcy a O0Ur Ss em sae ee SE se ee eee EDTA PAE? LOO 2 en et es eas eet Ae eA SU La Tae Bread and the Principles of Bread Making. By Helen W. Atwater. Prepared under the direction of the Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. True, Director. Pp. 39. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 112. (Reprint.) NepLloniver ws 900s lo kee eee FS Oe etree Fay ey RSW ae OME, Mean eels eG prini antar yee OO cee wants yt een crc ett a herr s ERLE k ae date gee el co ae Reprint eAril TOO s at en Se BEE SS eae eu ade ps See Meio we ane Irrigation in New Jersey. By Edward B. Voorhees, M. A., Director New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations and Professor of Agriculture, Rutgers College. Pp. 40, figs. 5. Bulletin No. 87, Office of Experiment SianonsqeO cloner, 14005. Price: oiCOnise 2)! 22 nn ee es See Hepat damnary. TOOL. weee ens poe oe Eth ee Broom Corn (Andropogon sorghum vulgaris). By A. C. True, Director. Pp. 4. Circular No. 28. Revised. October, 1900. Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring and for Feeding. | “By Ew: Allen, Ph. D., Assistant Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ep: 24, Farmers’ Bulletin No. 16. (Reprint.) October, 1900-_-..-.--- Reprint, May OO. wens ek pie Se Sel tot DP ee 301 Copies. 2, 000 1,000 10, 000 15, 000 15, 000 5, 000 10, 000 10, 000 20, 000 5, 000 15, 000 10, 000 30, 000 20, 000 2, 000 4, 000 4, 000 10, 000 15, 000 30, 000 10, 000 15, 000 30, 000 10, 000 15, 000 25, 000 30, 000 302 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Sweet Potatoes: Culture and Uses. By J. F. Duggar, M. 8., Protessor of Agriculture, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama. Pp.32, figs. 4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 26. Revised edition. October, 1900.... Reprintgdanuary, 1900. 222 22 he ee ee eprinizes pril, FYOl oo ho ae eee aes Mrmeee Pe eM oe Bale ee The Manuring of Cotton. Condensed from an Article by H. C. White, Ph. D.,in Bulletin No. 33, of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 48. (Reprint.) October, 1900.-..-.-_--.--. charts 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 74. (Reprint.) October, 1900_-.--__- Reprint: March, (OOD 22" oe soe ee es hae eee Experiment Station Work—V. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 78. (Reprint.) Octo- errel GOO! se. oa, a. een aes Oe re OR eee ang meg icy. Voor se wily eS hee Onion Culture. By R. L. Watts, B. Agr., Instructor in Horticulture at cultural Experiment Station. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 39. (Reprint.) iINOVember pl 900 =. nt oe =. Soo ee act ne ee ee ee ee eee Reprints dune. 901s. 4. oo el: 8 Se Cee ee ee tions. Pp. 31, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 56. (Reprint.) Novem- ers U900ee sae. okie Ck PE Se es oe ee se ae soe ae ee ee Experiment Station Work—III. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp. 32, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 69. (Reprint.) Novem- ber,1900_.__- Jack 22 ten eee Et See saa Se een 2 ee ee ee Reprint; May, 1901.2 2-° 22. See ee es. Vee ree Tomato Growing. By Edward B. Voorhees, M. A., Director of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations and Professor of Agriculture Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Pp. 30. Farmers’ Bulietin NO: 76:5 n( Reprint.) a Noyemberel 900 25.90 tee= oes ae aio ar eee Reprint, April, 1901 Experiment Station Work—XI. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Sta- tions, A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 103. (Reprint. Novenlber.900 = aaa =e Beer re er, See as: Experiment Station Work—XIII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations, A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 3. Farmers’ Bulletin No. OZ. JGReprint.) November 19005. 52-5 - = See ee ee ee Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food. By Mary Hinman Abel. Pre- pared under the supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations, A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 121. Novem- ber L900 22=-—. — Sige g hats Mee Po SER ee eRe See ele Seka Reprints :April, 190) <3 occ te ee ce ee ee ne ee ee Reprint; May. W901. 5 2 tte tee eg ee ee ne Experiment Station Work—XVI. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations, A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1295 November 1 900s)\...j25:&0s. Ses ace ae soe ee Be epee eee Reprint Arlt OMe te ee ay. a eee ee ee ae Experiments on the Metabolism of Matter and Energy in the Human Body. By W. O. Atwater, Ph. D., and F. G. Benedict, Ph. D., with the cooperation of A. W. Smith, M. S., and A. P. Bryant, M.S. Pp. 112. Bulletin No. 69. Revisededition. December, 1900. Price, 10cents The Use of Water in Irrigation. Report of investigations made in 1899, under the supervision of Elwood Mead, Expert in Charge, and C. T. Johnston, Assistant. Including reports by Special Agents and Observ- ers W. M. Reed, W. H. Code, W. Irving, O. V. P. Stout, Thomas Berry, S. Fortier, R. C. Gemmell, G. L. Swendsen, and D. W. Ross. Pp. 2538, pls. 50, figs. 18. Bulletin No. 86. December, 1900. Price, 30 cents---- Duty of Water in the Gallatin Valley. By Samuel Fortier, C. E., Profes- sor of Irrigation Engineering, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Pp. ii, 175-196, pls. 2, figs. 3, reprinted from United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin No. 86, The Use of Water in Irrigation. December, 100 Bee ey: Fe AES Methods and Results of Investigations on the Chemistry and Economy of Food, By W.O. Atwater, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry in Wesleyan University, Director of the Storrs (Conn.) Agricultural Experiment Station,and Special Agent of the United States Department of Agri- culture. Pp. 222, figs. 15,charts 3. Bulletin No.21. (Reprint.) Janu- ary, 1901. Price, 15 cents -..->-- -~4---- =< 2-6 +04 ty anen = = steele eee eee Copies. 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 15, 000 20, 000 15, 000 15, 000 15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 15, 000 10, 000 20, 000 15, 000 30, 000 15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 1, 000 1, 000 6, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. A Digest of Metabolism Experiments in Which the Balance of Income and Outgo was Determined. By W.O. Atwater, Ph. D.,and C. F. Lang- worthy, Ph. D. Prepared under the supervision of A.C. True, Ph. De Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp.434. Bulletin No. AD ee (keprint.) «January. 1901) seb tIce2) CONts) ses pe ee eee oe een. = Experiments on the Effect of Muscular Work Upon the Digestibility of Food and the Metabolism of Nitrogen, conducted at the University of Tennessee, 1897 to 1599. By Chas. E. Wait, Ph. D., F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry at the University of Tennessee. Pp. 77. ‘Bulletin No. 89. eum yee Ode ete. 0 CENtSS seme eno sk. 2 oe ee ore Fifth Report of Committee on Methods of Teaching Agriculture. Pp. ‘S% CAT CULALEN OSA Ds ene aIVUAT yet bOO lee ee temper = peese ee) " Report of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations for 1900. By A.C. True. Pp.il, 165-210.from Annual Reports, ene of Agri- eulture, 1900. January, 1501 - Oat ee The Useof Water in Irrigation. ‘Discussion of Investigations. By El! wood Mead, Expert in Charge of Irrigation Investigations. Computation of Discharge Records and Preparation of Diagrams. By C. T. Johnston, Assistant in Irrigation. Pp. iv, 15-2, pls. 26, figs. 13,reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin No.86. January,1901 _.___- Seer se nok] 5: eee a oct ey ed Use of Water for Irrigation in Texas. Use of Water in Irrigation in the Pecos Valley. By W. M. Reed. Chief Engineer of the Pecos Irrigation and Improvement Company. Use of Water in Irrigation in Arizona. By W. H. Code, Chief Engineer of the Consolidated Canal Company. Duty of Water under Gage Canal, Riverside,Cal. By W. Irving, Chief Engineer, Gage Canal. Pp. iv, 83-148, pls. 19, reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin No. SOMO AMM ALVA ELO Uh. te teen e st a ee, I eee re SS Uy Duty of Water in Nebraska. By Special Agent O.V. P. Stout, Professor of Civil Engineering. University of Nebraska. Duty of Water under the Amity Canal. By Special Agent Thomas Perry. Chief Envineer of the Great Plains Water Company. Duty of Water in Wyoming. By C. T. Johnston, Assistant in Irrigation Investigations. Duty of Water in the Gallatin Valley. By Samuel Fortier, Professor of Irriga- tion Engineering, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts. Duty of Water on Big Cottonwood Creek, Utah. By Special Agent R. C. Gemmell, State Engineer of Utah. Duty of Water Under the Logan and Richmond Canal. By Special Agent George L. Swendsen, Professor of Civil Engineering, Agricultural Colege of Utah. Duty of Water as Related to the Irrigation Prob ems of the Boise Valley, Idaho. By Special Agent D. W. Ross, State Engineer of Idaho. Pp.iy, 149-248, pls. 28, figs. 5, reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin No. 86, The Use of Waterin Irrigation. Sariuaay atin sear te oe: Poe te ee a eR Silos and Silage. CharlesS. Plumb, B. 6&., Professor of Animal Industry and Dairying in Purdue University and Director of the Indiana Agri- cultural Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs.10. Farmers’ Builetin N Oo. Sou CRepring yey Janay, LOOKE eit Sek aia, see aye te Fe i eu! Kafir Corn: Characteristics, Culture, and Uses. By C. C. Georgeson. Professor-of Agriculture in Kansas State Agricultural College. Pp. 12, fig.1 Farmers’ Bulletin No.37. (Reprint.) January,1901 - .__._- Commercial Fertilizers: Composition and Use. By Edward B. Voorhees, M. A., Director of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment stations and Professor of Agriculture in Rutgers College. Under the supervi- sion of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp.24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 44. (Reprint.) January, 1901 - Sheep Feeding. By John A. Craig, Professor of Animal Husbandry in the University of Wisconsin. Under the supervision of the Office of Exper- iment Stations. Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 49. (Reprint.) Janu- ayer ieee Val Megliet oer he yh See ere Deli Me IAT OTS). irre. Experiment Station Work—VIII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 87. (Reprint.) Jan- peerainy es IUD 2c, Sy tees 2 Sy eee pipes tat ly toe, ae) eee Es SEO gS tue ae) 2 Experiment Station Work—XIV. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 28, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 4 ((eaprints)( Tangdnys 1001 e: bosvesss 0.8 eee 3038 Copies. 500 4,000 3, 000 3, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 20, 000 20, 000 20, 000 20, 000 10, 000 20, 000 304 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Copies. The Use of Water in Irrigation in Wyoming and Its Relation to the Own- ership and Distribution of the NaturalSupply. By B.C. Buffum, M.6S., Professor of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Wyoming, and Vice-Director of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 56, pls.8. Bulletin No.8!. (Reprint.) February, 1901. Price,10cents__ 1,000 Nutrition Investigations at the University of Illinois, North Dakota Agri- cultural College, and Lake Erie College. Ohio, 1896 to 1900. By H. S. Grindley and J. L. Sammis, E. F. Ladd, and Isabel Bevier and Eliza- beth C. Sprague. Pp.42. Bulletin No. 91. February, 1901. Price, 5 Cents 22%. Se" oe See See aie 8 eee INE Rs apne wy as aps ee ae 3, 000 Irrigation Laws of the Northwest Territories of Canada, and Wyoming, with discussions by J.S. Dennis, Deputy Commissioner of Public W orks, Canada, and Fred Bond, State Engineer of Wyoming, and J. M. Wil- son, Agent and Expert, Irrigation Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 90, frontispiece, pls.5. Bulletin No. 96. February,1901. Price td Orcemtses sk see seh ee Se a le eS peed fae et Spek Pes ees 2, 000 Third Report of Committee of the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations on Methods of Teaching Agriculture. Bowie CirculariNo, 395 u¢Reprint.)) WHebruany. 90] sae 300 The Reservoir System of the Cache la Poudre Valley. By E. S. Nettle- ton. Pp. 48, pls. 14. Bulletin No, 92. Office of Experiment Stations. March lS sebrice-sltaycentse 22 it as 5. ee ee eee eee 4, 000 Foods: Nutritive Va:ue and Cost. By W. O. Atwater, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry in Wesleyan University. Pp. 32 . chart 1. Farmers’ Bul- letin Noes ee (Eve prints) eaeNiar bag 9 ieee eee re ee ee 30, 000 Meats: Composition and Cooking. By Chas. D. Woods, Office of Experi- ment Stations. Pp. 29, figs. 4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 34. (Reprint ) Marchal lige thank: sii 5) ple hei Oh ep All See eigen a eg ee 15, 000 The Liming of Soils. By H. J. Wheeler, Ph. D., Chemist of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. "20. Farmers’ Bulletin Nous (eeideprin t2) 2 Miare lay 1/90 ieee eee ee ee eee pee 15, 000 Experiment Station Work—VII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs.8. Farmers’ Bulletin No.84. (Reprint.) March, NQOME I ewe te = Se eet rt BL ee reir ae ol PN egy Pa 15, 000 Experiment Station Wor XII. Prepared, in the Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 4. Farmers’ Bulletin Nowa. G@Reprin ti March 190 es na eee 8 ee ee ee eee ee 15, 000 Experiment Station Work—XVII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 124. Marehy 190%! ss o¥-) Scie 2 who fs ele fe I ee ee 30, 000 Organization Lists of the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations in the United States, with a list of Agricultural Experiment Stations in Foreign Countries. Pp. 134. Bulletin No. 88. April, 1901. Price, 10 Cents bey}* os ewes eT sel ooh ea aE eee athe eas eke eee ee 3, 500 Irrigation in Hawaii. By Walter Maxwell, Ph. D., Director and Chief Chemist, Hawaiian Experiment Station. Pp. 48, pls. 6, figs. 3. Bulletin No 902¢eAiprl dl G0t me rice;l0\conts) to- 3 funy eee cee eee 3, 000 A Report on the Work and Expenditures of the Agricultural Experiment Stations for the Year Ended June 30, 1900. By A. C. True, Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 181, pls. 8 Bulletin No. 93. f April. 1.9017. Price dlorcontse suse ee ee ee ee eee 3, 000 Fourth Report on the Agricultural Investigations in Alaska, 1900. By C. C. Georgeson, M.8., Special Agent in Cha ge of Alaska Investiga- tions. Pp. 83, pls. 24. Bulletin No. 94. April, 1901. Price,20 cents__ 2,000 Report on the Agricultural Resources and Capabilities of Hawaii. By William C. Stubbs, Ph. D., Director, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 100, frontispiece, pls. 27. Bulletin No. 95. April 1, 1901. Price20; cents 2 .ceiu See oe ee a ee ee ee ee 2, 000 Irrigation in Humid Climates. By F. H. King, Professor of Agricultural Physics, College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, and Physicist of the Wisconsin A gricultural Experiment Station. Under the supervi- sion of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 27, figs. 4, Farmers’ Bulle- tin No. 46. (Reprint.) April, 1901 - 5 20, 000 Experiment Station Work—V1]. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 28, figs.2. Farmers’ Bulletin No.79. (Reprint.) April, 190 lisse, aatalize Sees ees See ee Fe 15, 000 Experiment Station Work—IX. Prepared in ‘the Oftice of ‘Experiment Stations, Pp.30. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 92. (Reprint.) April,1901.. 15,000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Irrigation in Fruit Growing. By E. J. Wickson, M. A., Professor of Agricultural Practice, U niversity of California, and Horticulturist of the California Experiment Station. Pp. 48, figs. 8 . Farmers’ Bulletin INOmmGpalieprint.)@rApril 1901s: 3 Sate ee eee me 9a 5st Eggs and Their Uses as Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D. Prepared under the supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations, A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 128. April, 1901_ Statistics of the Land-Grant Colleges and Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions in the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1900. Pp. 37. Bulletin No. 97, Office of Experiment Stations. May, 1901. Price 5 GENUS ssp eee tee tares See eee OE, |S ee est Laie ee ee eae Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States. By A. C. True. Posie CirenlariNo. 445 Revisedieditions. May, 1901 2.2. _-_ 2s Souring of Milk and Other Changes in Milk Products. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 23. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 29 GRONEMT OM. a Nay AOU ls U2 Ww Ue Late eI he era PL ie Cotton Seed and its Products. Prepar ed in the Office of Experiment Sta- ‘tions. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 36. (Reprint.) May, 1901_.__- The Soy Bean as a Forage Crop. By Thomas A. Williams, Assistant Agrostologist. Pr epared. under the direction of the Agrostologist. With an Appendix on Soy Beans as a Food for Man. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 58. Revised edition. (Reprint.) May, “1901 ee ON The functions and Uses of Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 10. Circular No. 46. June, 1901.. _. i Agricultural Education in France. By C. B. Smith, of the Office of Experi- ment Stations. Pp. iii, 115-130, aa from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture for 1900. June, 1901. ate Se ie RO AD SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. Agricultural Exports of the United States, by Countries, 1895-1899. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 88. Bul- lepimn: Nos.205) september, 1900: )Price, 10/centsis= = 22-222 Ue Ena OAT Cielo ONetrs BOP hey Plo oe its FAS 2 Rais Ga ae eS oe Agricultural Imports of the United States, by Countries, 1895-1899. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 74. Bul letin No. 21. October, 1900, PRICE, UCC DS eet oe ene ee enn, eee Reprint, March 19, L001 APNE IMIOKS SORA EDR Se: SRG TE Trade of Denmark. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of Fereign Markets. Pp. 88. Bulletin No. 9. January, 1901. Price, 5 cents_____ Report of the Chief of the Section of Foreign Markets for 1900. By Frank H. Hitchcock. Pp. iii, 265-272, from Annual Reports, Department of Arrcmbure 0008 «January, (O01 mae. 2 ee hee sere coer) eee ee Our Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products, 1891-1900, By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 61. Bulletin No. 23. Higbruaryee O0Iky Prices o/COntsy heen. 458 eee sac ees Leyeporsiliat ns ILE 7s IUTOND lalate yeaa tase sie ee 9 atl oll rela boar paramere ahd Agricultural Imports and Exports of the United States, 1896-1900. By Frank FH. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of pe en Markets. Pp. 16. Cir- cular No. 23. March, US)0al 2 bs a MISE phe Peas Llyn DIVISION OF FORESTRY. Southern Pine— Mechanical and Physical Properties. By B. E. Fernow, Chief, Division of Forestry. Pp. 12, diagrams 4. Circular No. 12. (Re- fareiraye,)) | td folks WOU ce eS, Sot ee eee en ely ae eyes eee te ree forestry for Farmers. By B. E. Fernow, Chief of Division of For estry, reprinted from Yearbooks of the Department of Agriculture for 1894 and 1895. Pp. 48, figs. 15. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 67. (Reprint.) Siuliyeest-O ()() Beer seem ah Pe a ores ars Sone areas en decid Be 8 ey FRC DED CTIEEL UO ery Ate 3s SY ips AND ee GS 8 a ee, pe Le Progress of Forestry in the United States. By Gifford Pinchot, Forester. Pp. ii, 293-306, pls. 4, fig. 1, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. August, 1900_. ie 2 The Practice of Forestry by Private Owners. By Henry S. Graves, ‘Super- intendent of Working Plans of the Division of Forestry. Pp. ii, 415— —428, pls. 4, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture ‘for 1899. August. OQ ae eee eee ee ek el ra oe eee AGR 1901——20 305 Copies. 30, 000 30, 000 3, 000 2, 000 30, 000 30, 000 10, 000 3, 000 1, 000 4,000 1, 000 5, 000 1, 000 1, 000 5, 000 5, 000 1, 000 34, 000 2, 000 15, 000 15, 000 15, 000 306 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The White Pine. (Pinus strobus Linneus.) By V. M. Spalding, Pro- fessor of Botany in the University of Michigan; revised and enlarged by B. E. Fernow, Chief of the Division of Forestry. With Contributions: Insect Enemies of the White Pine, by F. H. Chittenden, Division of Entomology. The Wood of the W hite Pine, by Filibert Roth, Division of Forestry. Pp. 185, frontispiece, pls. 13, figs. 40. Quarto. Bulletin No. 22. (Reprint. ) October, 1900. Price, ‘A0reentaesuc 2. eevee ie A Primer of Forestry. Part1. The Forest. By Gifford Pinchot, For- ester. Pp. 88, frontispiece, pls. Rip figs. 83. Bulletin No. 24. Second editions (October, iL9007F Pricevobicontse yaya se soe ee A Short Account of the Big Trees of California. Prepared in the Division of Forestry. Pp. 30,pls.17. Bulletin No. 28. October, 1900. Price, 15 cents. .. PoE re Bead ae Reprint, “December, G00 skate. The Forest Nursery: Collection of Tree Seeds and Propagation of Seed- lings. By George B. Sudworth, Dendrologist, Division of Forestry. Pp. 63, frontispiece, pls. 5, figs. 6. Bulletin No. 29. December, 1900. Price, 10 cents - Report of the Forester for 1900. By Gifford Pinchot. ‘Pp. iii, 103-110, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900, January, 1901_ Practical Assistance to Farmers. Lumbermen, and Others in Handling Forest Lands. By Gifford Pinchot, Forester. Pp. 5. Circular No. 21. (Reprints Mebruary, 1 O00 => ee Se eae see eee ee by iE elas Reprint, June, 1901. _. -_- Behe ae Pewee Sta tec te Pees Ae eo erence al Assistance to Tree Planters. By Gifford Pinchot, Forester. Pp. 2, figs. 5. Circular No. 22. Revised edition. March, 19012 eure A Por est Working Plan for Township 40, Totten and Cr ossfield Purchase, Hamilton County, New York State Forest Preserve. By Ralph S. Hos- mer, Field Assistant, and Eugene 8. Bruce. Lumberman, Division of Forestry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Preceded by’ discussion of Conservative Lumbering andthe Water Supply, by Frederick H. Newell, Hydrographer, U. 5S. Gola Survey. Pp. 64, frontispiece, pls. 11, maps 3. Bulletin No. 3 June, 19V1. Price, 25 cantec! ieee te, DIVISION OF EXPERIMENTAL GARDENS AND GROUNDS. Report. on the Gardens and Grounds for 1900. By B. T. Galloway. Pp. ii, 273-278, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. January, 1901; sae bee a Se es nae ieee Ca Ae LIBRARY. Accessions to the Department Library. April-June, 1900. Pp. 238. Bul- letin No. 32: August, 1900) Price, dicents2_* == 22-22) === Accessions to the Department Library. July-September, 1900. “Pp. 19. Library Bulletin No. 32. November, 1900. Price, 5 cents ..___..-___- Report of the Librarian for 1900. By W. P. Cutter. Pp. ti, 111-112, from Annual Reports. Department of Agriculture. January, 1901___.-.-__- Accessions to the Department Library. October-December, 1901. Pp. 98) Bulletin No. 34.) Hopruary,.a90).. Pricey 0 Centse == sees Accessions to the Department Library. January-— March, 1901. - Library Bulletin No, 85.° May, 19010 “Price;'5 conte ons ao eee nee nse eee OFFICE OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Sweet Potatoes. By D. M. Nesbit. Pp. 40. Farmers’ Bulletin No, 129. Aspral G00) eee 2 ee ey eee en ees DIVISION OF POMOLOGY, The Apple and How to Grow It. By G. B. Brackett, Pomologist. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 113, (Reprint.) July, 1900_..---- Reprint, August, L900 C2 2s. el esc etc cdl. SE eee eee eee ee Reprints Jantanyee IO" Soe eee Sone etn ait 2 rae Ehret IB oh Re ys! Reprint, April sLOGM fee) ot - Sele Pe eee carte ea ae ree The Present Condition of Grape Culture in C: alifornia. By George Hus- mann, of Napa. Cal. Pp. ii, 551-562, reprinted from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture for 1898, (Reprint.) September, 1900.. ....---- Copies. 12, 000 1,000 30, 000 15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 30, 000 500 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Utilizing Surplus Fruits. By G. B. Brackett, Pomologist. Pp. ii, 309-316, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for LS USHMRELSO PLING.) September, LOCO = see ew clay ee dens os De Pruning and Training of Grapes. By E. G. Lodeman, Late Assistant Horticulturist, Cornell (N. Y.) Experiment Station. Pp. iv, 499-539, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1896. (Reprint.) October, 1900 - 2 Reese igs oie hes sla Pe es ta Report of the Acting Pomologist for 1900. By Wm. A. Taylor. Pp. ii, 59-63, from Annual Reports, aise aera of Agriculture, 1900. January, 1901 - Grape Growing in the South. “By S. M. ‘Tracy, M. So: , formerly Director of the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 32, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. LISS (hepmnt)ieeAwpril, 1901. See se ee ee ERODE LUG HM cLy flo Olea Sey ee pee nate ee SECA yy |. eymeapbawedd INET Ui DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Development of Agriculturai Libraries. By Charles H. Greathouse, M. A., Editorial Clerk, Division of Publications. Pp. v, 491-512, pls. 4, fig, 1, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture, 1899. AMoUSh, 19005. 524 ee A Directory for Farmers. Pp. 686-720, reprinted from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture, 1899. August, 1900 - Publications of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for sale ‘by the Superintendent of Documents, Union Building, Washington, D. C. Corrected to July 1, 1900. Pp. 36. (No. 179, 7th eee) September, 1900_- Eide Sit ch Goh be be "al Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in the Pacific Northwest. I. Sheep Husbandry, by James Withycomlie, V.8., Vice Director of the Oregon Experiment Station; II. Hog Raising, by Hiram T. French, }'. 8., Agriculturist of the Idaho Experiment Station; III. The Horse Industry, by S. B. Nelson, D. V. M., Professor of Veterinary Science in the Washington Agricultural College. Pp. 28, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 117. Gieprint4)) wiseptember a9 00.5 € ees eke eee Eee es eee Reprint aeelic bruany.s, 1901 ee. 2 5 ee ee aS RR Ae Reprint. May, 1901 - 3 : Publications of the U. S. Department. of Agriculture. for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Union Building, Washington, D. C. Pp. 36. Revised edition. October, 1900 Index to Literature Relating to Animal Industry in the Publications of the Department of Agriculture, 1837 to 1898. By George Fayette Thompson, Editorial Clerk, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 676. Bulletin No. 5, Division of Publications. Price,35cents. October, 1990- The Vegetable Garden. By Charles H. Greathouse, A. M., Division of Publications. Pp. 24, figs. 8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 94, (Repent) November, 1900 fe: Reprint, May, 1901 . List of Bulletins and Circulars issued by the U.S. Department of “Agri- culture and Available for Free Distribution. Corre ted to October 15, 1900. Pp. 24. (No. 247, 6th edition.) December, 1900__.___. Report of the Editor for 1900. By Geo. Wm. Hill. Pp. iii, 113-164, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. January,1900_.._.~ Asparagus Culture. By R. B. Handy, Division of Publications. Pp. 40, tigs. 17. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 61. (Penrints) Jeroen, WEIL Reprint, February, 1901 __ ih ol Oe ae Ie ten esta et 2 Practical Suggestions for Fam Buildings. ‘By George G. Hill: Pp. 48, figs. 28. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 126. April, S(O ae. : A Directory for Farmers. Pp. 637-687, Pepraneee iene Yearbook of. Depart- inent of Agriculture, 1900_ Monthly List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. Monthiy List of Publications. Monthly List of Publications. ‘June, 1900. “Pp. 4 July, 1900. Pp. 4 August, 1900. Pp. 4 - pea cmetiaitys et ee et September, 1900. Ep. Re aS Tp se eae See OctoberslI00 Ppntec. aoe ct. November, 1900. December, 1900. January, 1901. 307 Copies. 1, 000 500 2, 000 20, 000 10, 000 20, 000 30, 000 20, 000 1,000 30, 000 30, 000 15, 000 2,000 10, 000 30, 000 50, 000 308 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Monthly List of Publications. February, 1901. Pp. 4 ..-.--.-.--.------ Monthly Listjot Publications: “March, 1901. Pp. fa. os)" sea 2 Monthly List of Publications. April, 1901. Pp. 8 ..._._- ea Pia eh tet Monthly Mistiof Publications: ;May, 190). (Pps4scos222y a eee eee OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. Road Improvement in New York. Pp.15. Circular No. 55. July, 1900_ Progress of Road Building in the United States. By Maurice O. Eldridge, Acting Director of the Office of Public Road Inquiries. Pp. ii, 367-380. reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. July, Office of Public Road Inquiries. Pp. 47, figs. 49. Farmers’ Bulletin No205s) (Reprints) (July; 1900222822 Sse. = a ee eee Reprint,iseptem ber .1900m hs. s sashes ey Ses ee eee Pee nee eee ae Reprint January, JOM ee ek oe os Se eee ee eee Repring larch: P90 Seas ae see eee mela faa eee Steel Track Wagon Roads. By Martin Dodge, Director of the Office of Road Inquiry. Pp. ii, 291-296, reprinted from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture for 1898. (Reprint.) October, 1900 __._____-- -- Construction of Good Country Roads. By Maurice O. Eldridge, Assistant in Office of Road Inquiry. Pp. ii, 317-324, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1898. (Reprint.) October, 1900_.-- .-- Earth Roads. Hints on Their Construction and Repair. Compiled by Roy Stone, Special Agent in Charge of Road Inquiry. Pp. 20, figs. 11. Bulletin No. 8. (Reprint.) November, 1900. Price, 5 cents... ____-- State Aid to Road Building in New Jersey. By Edward Burrough, Chair- man of the New Jersey State Board of Agriculture and State Commis- sioner of Public Roads. Pp. 20. Bulletin No. 9. November, 1200. (Reprints) Price;syconts aang! bh Sa Se Se te eee ee eee Wide Tires. Laws of Certain States Relating to Their Use, and Other Pertinent Information. Compiled by Roy Stone, Special Agent in Chargeof Road Inquiry. Pp. 16. Bulletin No. 12. (Reprint.) Novem- benel9005 . Prices. cents 2.. Sends 22k. Ae eee ee ee Historical and Technical Papers on Road Building in the United States. Compiled under Direction of Roy Stone. Special Agent and Engineer. Pp. 52. Bulletin No.17. (Reprint.) November, 1900. Price 5 cents_- Report of the Director of the Office of Public Road Inquiries for 1900. By Martin Dodge. Pp. ii, 279-291, from Annual Reports, Department ot Agriculture; 1900.) January, 1901 22-22) saeSe see eee ee SECTION OF SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. The Cultivation of Znaim Cucumbers. By David G. Fairchild, Agricul- tural Explorer. Pp. 4. Circular No. 2. January, 1901 _----.--.- -.-- Inventory No. 8. Seeds and Plants Imported for Distribution in Coopera- tion with the Agricultural Experiment Stations. Numbers 3401-4350. Pol Ge ROaMUATY,, (100 lt sme tas tle eer ee oe cee eee ee ee Tie Best Horse Radish Varieties of Europe and Methods of Cultivation. By David G. Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer. Pp. 8, figs. 4. Circular Notl. PRebruaryylO0US. - Shee Peres eee so ee ee eee ee ee DIVISION OF SOILS. Description of a Soil Map of the Connecticut Vailey. Pp. 4. Circular MNGi shy: A G0G, 9 eg e e e e ece ieee Soil Investigations in the United States. By Milton Whitney, Chief of Division of Soils. Pp. iii, 335-846, reprinted from Yearbook of Depart- ment of Agriculture ior 1899. July, 1900 - PA Pe ready ore Sse SA = | Growth of the Tobacco Industry. By Milton Whitney, Chief, and Marcus L. Floyd, Tobacco Expert, Division of Soils. Pp. iii, 429-440, pls. 7, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. J NIEMAN hos lor aese som Tamseeae sass eo i: mich Neyer sa ty ty dpe ree =e A Soil Survey in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. By Frank D. Gardner and John Stewart. Pp. 77-114. pls. 11, figs. 5, maps 4, reprinte? from Ite, ort No.64,) /Atueust, 1900.0 eee ee eee Copies. 55, 000 55, 000 57, 000 58, 000 10, 000 3, 000 15, 000 15, 000 20, 000 © 50, 000 1, 000 1, 000 2, 500 1, 500 1, 500 5, 000 1, 000 2, 500 2, 000 3, 000 500 2, 000 5, 000 5, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 309 Copies. Application of the Theory of Solution to the Study of Soils. By Frank kK. Cameron, reprinted from Report No. 64 of the Department of Agri- culture. (Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1899.) Pp. iii, a ieee A USISts 1900 Skee eaters «IS Eee re SER ee SU 300 Salts as Influencing the Rate of Evaporation of Water from Soils. By Lyman J. Briggs, reprinted from Report No. 64 of the Department of Agriculture. (Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1899.) Pp. Mp —-16saple i iss). Aueusten G0G ues os. Sir) ose ee eee 250 Some Necessary Modifications in Methods of Mechanical Analysis as Applied to Alkali Soils. By Lyman J. Briggs, reprinted from Report No. 64 of the Department of Agriculture. (Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1899.) Pp. iii, 184-198, pl. 1, figs.8. August, 1900___- 300 The Movement and Retention of Water in Soils. By Lyman J. Briggs, Assistant Chief of Division of Soils. Pp. ii, 399-404, figs. 7, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1898. (Reprint.) September eS 00M Sse Se eS ans eee ae 000 The Soluble Mineral Matter of Soils. By Thomas H. Means, Assistant, Division of Soils. Pp. ii, 495-504, reprinted from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1898. (Reprint ) September, 1900__-_ 1,000 Soil Survey in the Connecticut Valley. By Clarence W. Dorsey and J. A. Bonsteel. Pp. iii, 125-140, pls. 7, map, reprinted from Report No. 64 of the Department of Agriculture. (Field Operations of the Division of Sollsforas99.)) MseplLemibera 900k 220s Waar Sere ee Be oa Se 1,500 Farm Drainage. By C.G. Elliott, C. E., member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Peoria, [ll. Pp. 24, ‘figs, 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 40. (Reprint.) October, CIC ae Oe Stan ecient ars. Meer Maegan Cee: 15, 000 Reprint April Oily: oe Nel fbr) ieee ss _- 40,000 Report of the Chief of the Division of Soils for 1900. "By ‘Milton W hitney. Pp. iii, 67-83, fig. 1, from Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture, 1900. November, 1900 - BS i 2, 000 Soil Solutions: Their Nature and Functions, and the Classifications of Alkali Lands. By Frank K. Cameron, Soil Chemist. Division of Soils (cooperating with the Division of Chemistry). Pp. 37. Bulletin No. ioe MayaWtO0l2 tt Price yo centsrt cat eae ac eee Sey. ATED NIP OS 2, 000 DIVISION OF STATISTICS. Progress of Agriculture in the United States. By George K. Holmes, Assistant Statistician. Pp. iii, 307-3834, reprinted from Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1899. July, 1900___.- ee Sy 00) Changes in Railroad Freight Classifications. By Edwar d G. Ward, JoOL the Division of Statistics. Pp.48. Circular No.12. August, 1900..__.. 8, 000 List of Free Employment Agencies for the Use of Farmers. Pp. 42, Cir- cular No.13. October, Ty Fe Cen lene ee ay nD a ee igh 10, 000 Estimates ot Russian Crops. By E.T. Peters, of the Division of Statistics. EpalUnmapae Circular NO. 14.5 Eebirmaliy. oO pane ee ee eee 6, 000 The Cotton Crop of 1899-1900. By James L. Watkins, Division of Statis- tics. Pp.46. Miscellaneous Series, Bulletin No.19. May,1901. Price, CCEA TS PO eS Sete ae Ules be eae ee ee ee ee eee PORTIS Comme ee S 7, 000 The Course of Prices of Farm Implements and Machinery for a Series of Years. By George K. Holmes,of the Division of Statistics. Pp. 31. Miscellaneous Series, Bulletin No.18. June,1901. Price, 5 cents __---_- 30, 000 Crop iseporter, Vole INO.o” -Pp.8:, uly, A000. 2. 20: eee eae ees 60, 000 Crop Reporter. Vol.2,No.4. Pp.8. August, 1900 _...... ..._- ..- 220,000 Crop Reporter. Vol.2,No.4. Pp.4. August. 1900. ‘Supplement -. Eh she 7, 000 Crop Reporter. Vol.2,No.5. Pp.8. September, 1900 - ase 2ep5000 Crop reporter, “Vol. 2 5Nor6. SEp.8; October, 1900S = 5. 2252 ees 215, 000 Crop keporter;, Volec Noni) sped; November 19002 32-2 =) ees eee 90, 000 Crop Reporter. Vol.2,No.8. Pp.4. December,1900._... .....-------- 90, 000 Crop keporter. ».VOl.2-.NO.9:) 2p. 8; santiary 1901 2222-2) ee ee ee 80, 000 Crop Reporter. Vol.2,No.9. Pp.8. January, 101. Additional hee 15, 000 Crop. eporter., Vol: 2) No: 10; Pp.8. Mebruary, 1901 2.222522 cee cep 95, 000 Crop Reporter MOlacwNOn. “eps. March, (9012). 8 ce eee ee ae $2, 000 CropeieporteranVOlice NO len Ge pS eApril, L901 S22 2) eee eee 85, 000 Crop yheporterag VOlioy NOs bE poueiMay, 190102 * oe 2s eee eee OD O00) Crop eportern Vols, NOne. sbp.ss, June, 1901 2-2 == see eee 85, 000 810 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. DIVISION OF VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. Peach Leaf Curl: Its Nature and Treatment. By Newton B. Pierce, in Charge of Pacific Coast Laboratory, Santa Ana, Cal. Pp. 204, pls. 30, figs. 10. Bulletin No. 20. July, 1900. Price, 20 cents .______._-- The Cause and Prevention of Pear Blight. By M. B. Waite, Assistant, Division of \egetable Physiology and Patho'ogy, U. 5. Department of Agriculture Pp. 295-300, reprinted from Yearbook of the pals of Agriculture for 1895. (Reprint. ) July, 1900 Bp ee LE Progress in the Treatment of Plant Diseases in the United States. By B. T. Ga loway, Chief of Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathol- ogy. Pp. iii, 191-199, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agri- culture LorsiS99. eAntoust slOOn ys | Peete yee ee oe i ene Progress of Plant Breeding i in the United States. By Herbert J. Webber and Ernst A. Bessey, Division of \ egetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. iii, 465-490, pls. 3, figs. 2, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of ‘Agricul (OoRS) HOP INCU ANDRA mIStAane OI) 2 es ee ee Sab eee ek Progress of Commercial Growing of Plants Under Glass. _ By B. T. Gallo- way, Chief ot Division of Vegetab'e Physiology and Pathology. Pp. iii, 575-520, reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1899. Raenee, TOOO ME = uae reece Me ES aris Speed ee ge ee ee ta ee tee Two Diseases of Red Cedar, Caused by Polyporus juniperinus n. sp. and Polyporus carneus Nees. A Preliminary Report by Hermann von Schrenk, Instructor in Botany, Henry Shaw School of Botany, Special Agent, Division of V egetable Physiology and Fatho' ogy. Pp. 27, pls. 7, figs. 8. Bulletin No. 21. September, 1900. Price, 10 cents ____- Xenia, or the }mmediate Effect of Pollen, in Manica By Herbert J. Web- ber, in Charge of Plant Breeding Laboratory. Pp. 44, pls. 4. Bulletin No. 22. September, !£00. Price, iOlcents zs Saseee Peach Yellows and Peach Rosette. By Erwin F. Smith, ‘Special Agent, under the Direction of B. T. Galloway, Chief of the Division of Vege. table Patho ogy. Pp. 20, figs. 7. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 17. (Reprint.) September mM0U umes il ee ee eee es ee Aer yaya ot Reprint, ebraary lool: ... sc oensae—) > Ole ee ee ete ee eee Spot Disease of the Violet (Alternaria viole n. sp.). By P. H. Dorsett, Associate, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 16, pls. 7. Bulletin No. 22. November, 1900s eBricesl0:centsma2 sat se=- The Basis for the !mprovement of American W heat. By Mark Aifred Carleton, Cerea.ist, Division of Vegetable Phys ology and Pathology Pp: 87, frontispiece, ait 10, » gs. 5. Bulietin No. 24. December, 100. Price, 10 cents - Be OE Reprint, March, 1901 _._-_. Lethe niet ges Ses ee gate Eee Some Diseases of New England ‘Conifers: A Preliminary Report. ly Her- mann von Schrenk, Instructor in Botany, Henry Shaw School of Bot- any, Special Agent Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 56, pls. 15, figs. 3. Bulletin No. 25. December, 1900. Price, 10 CONICS tees oaks eg etre ate ae ay £ © be eee Sia The Wilt Disease of Cotton and Its ( ontrol. me W. A. Orton, Associate Pathologist. Pp. 16, pis. 4. Bulletin No. ‘ December, 1900. Price, 5 cents _ Report of the Chief of the Division of Vezetable Phy siology and Pathology for 1900. By &. T. Galloway. Pp. ii, 49-58. irom Annual Recor Department of Agriculture, 1900. Jamuary. 1€01...... -._-...... ---- Spraying for Fruit Diseases. By B. T. Galloway, Chief of Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 12, figs. 6. Farmers’ Pulle- HAIN OSiGlssoa(Uetejopahaioy) | oeare re Tile we Li yee Sa See ee Potato Diseases and Their Treatment. By B. T. Galloway, Chief, Divi- sion of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 12, figs.4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 91. (Reprint.) January, 1901 Reprint May, V90 2225S De eee ee Wakker s Hyacinth Germ, Pseudomonas hyacinthi (Wakker). By Erwin F, Smith, in Charge of Laboratory of Plant Pathology. Pp. 45, pl. 1, figs. 6. Bulletin No. 23. February, 1901. Price, 5 cents Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast. By Newton B. Pierce, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 15, figs. 8. Farmers’ Bulle- tin No. 30. (Reprint.) April, 19V1- Peach Growing for Market. By Erwin F. Smith. Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 24, figs. 21. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 33. April, 1901 Copies. 1, 000 5, 600 3, 000 3, 000 6, 000 10, 000 30, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. The Grain Smuts: How They Are Caused and How to Prevent Them. By Walter T. Swingle, Special Agent, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 20, figs. 8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 75, (Reprint.) Peril lOO <2 ae eee S25. Nae Nan Ser ee seniaee une Sema es See ee WEATHER BUREAU. Monthly Weather Review (a summary by months of weather conditions throughout the United States, based upon reports of nearly 3,000 regu- lar and voluntary observers). Guarto. Price, 10 cents each; 20 cents from January, 1901. Vol. XXVIII, No. Vol. XXVIII, No. Vol. XXVIII, No. May,.1900-) Pp2193-238,, charts,8);.¢22G20220e June; 19005 (Pp: 239-278, charts 8.2.2. 22222 July, 1900. Pp. 279-320, pls. 3, charts 8 ____--- Vol. XXVIII, No. August, 1900. Pp. 321-370, figs. 4, charts 8 -. - Vol. XXVIII, No. September, 1900. Pp. 371-424, fig. 1, charts 13- Vol. XXVIII, No. 10. October, 1200. Pp. 425-476, figs. 17, charts 10- Vol. XXVIII, No. 11. November, 1900. Pp. 477-525, pls. 2, charts 10_ Vol. XXVIII, No. 12. December,1900. Pp. 527-583, pl. 1, charts 10- Vol. XXVIII, No. 18. Annual Summary. Pp. 585-599, charts 7 -.-. Vol. XXIX, No.1. January,1901. Pp. 1-47, pls. 2, charts 10-__------- Vol. XXIX, No. 2. February,1901. Pp.49-97, pls. 5, charts 13, figs. 10 Vol. XXIX, No. 3.. March, 1901. Pp. 99-148, pl. 1, charts 9 Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes for June, 1900 Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes for July, 1900 __-...-.-. -------- Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes for August, 1900 _-_--_.--------- Meteorological Chart of the Great Lates for November, 1900_._.._---. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes for December, 1900____._.._ __- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1598-99, Part If. Clima- ~ tology. Hourly Averages of Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, and Wind from the Records of Automatic Instruments at Twenty-eight Sianioncra Epilo—0989) (el Divs LOO. 5 seo.) hb el oe aie Se oer ee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Part III. Clima- tology. Monthly and Annual Meteorological Summaries. Pp. 71-153. REEL Lis ate Lays ae 5. LES Aptis Toe BRIER a iay hE A ope cee Ds ean! ee Rory A So Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, PartIV. Clima- tology. Monthly Annual Mean Temperature and Annual Extremes of Temperature, Together with the Dates of First and Last Killing Frost. Baton LoUsee daly O00: es 6 ee ek es yee ooo ee Oak eee Tables of Daily and Monthly Precipitation. Pp. 256. August, 1900_____ Work of the Meteorologist for the Benefit of Agriculture, Commerce, and Navigation. By F. H. Bigelow, Professor of Meteorology, Weather Burcan tee paite (92 ops. 2a A est, MOO0k a opie fe es ee eee Atmo:pheric Radiation: A Research Conducted at the Allegheny Observa- tory and at Providence, R. I. Submitted to Willis L. Moore, Chief of U.S. Weather Bureau, by Frank W. Very. Pp. 134. Bulletin G. Sep- CONTDE I eho (erate eet har Te ine Me Got, Dien. oe ca he, SOD ie ee ee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99. (In two volumes. ) Volume II. Pp. 787, charts 79. Report on the International Cloud Observations. May 1, 1896, to July, 1897. November, 1900-_.__.__-. _- Notes on Frost. By E. B. Garriott, Professor of Meteorology, Weather Bureau. Pp. 24, Farmers’ Bulletin No. 104. November, 1900 Reprints eA rile OO wes 2 re wee (i 2 ERE Bae eae oe en a ee ee eles ee eee ee ae 220, 400 208, 573 Vol. i, LC ae ae Ea ee ee ern eee elk sae re ee eee Sa ear : 91, 400 82, 721 Vol. ite DOSS eee seen eeeee Bee ae ae es eas he ae wee ones gees 85, 000 83, 635 Vol. rite INGA) adi ak So GRE Can NORE IED SE erat ah Abd on DOE Mr Gees DRE 95, 000 84,170 Tah TTT AIa IT) 2 2 Sate eal ain aldet elOaD oS BI pikes al co shyle ie pia gle 92, 000 84, 178 Vol. II, No. 11 __- ae ee eae Sere TA eae BENE NE ee 2 eee 92, 000 84, 237 VISTI OIN G12 ce eee ee We eke BOO EE Re Ee Bene 88, 000, 88, 000 VISE Nee ee ee ene oS Re eee es eee 95, 000 83, 626 SV LeMans ie ne tg OO er ese ee 85, 000 83, 384 318 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901—Continued. Publication. Received. Distrib- uted. DIVISION OF VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. Brlletinw No; 202s he sae 2S 8 a ee es iS eee Seer aes Bulletin No.2) at 2s Se Abe ee eee eI eae een ee eee ee ee STS tin: NiO: 22 ,ee tess as eo eee ae ae oe ee eee BG etin INO ao ge eee e cr) 25 ee ee ee ae ee te ee ae ee eee FUG GT INO ede ne sie taf ee ee a ee ee ae ey ee En Sean ae ee Bulletin INOyeore 2au- oot hee ae eats eee oer aes eae = eee ote A tee IBUILetinVINGr cone sae ee eee eee ats te Fs os BOS a 5s Bulletin No. 27 - ES ae Yay ee Sere ae ene RCo p Saupe Tere Report of the Ghaet Lori QUO Meec tr eaten elas Le oc. oP ee SEER ye EXTRACTS FROM YEARBOOKS, Mineral Phosphate as Fertilizers, from Yearbook for 1894 -._...--.-- Hawks and Owls from Standpoint of the Farmer, from Yearbook for 1894_| Grasses as Sand and Soil Binders, from Year book for 1894______._._- oe The Cause and Prevention of Pear Blight, from Yearbook for 1895 _- Pruning and Training of Grapes, from Yearbook for 1896____-.----_.------ Every Farm an Experiment Station, from Yearbook for 1897 _____-__--__- Utilizing Surplus Fruits, from Year book: for 1808..2.0°° i-th a = oe ae aie ape ae oseut Condition of Grape Culture in California, from Year Becks ODA Mee. an een ere Paneer ee Reo Hates SoA Noe Cees oe Pos ee Steel-Track Wagon Roads, from Yearbook for 1898_.__._..-...._--.-------- | Construction of Good Country Roads, from Yearbook for 1898 ___. _______- The Movement and Retention of Water in Soils, from Yearbook for 1898 - The Soluble Mineral Matter of Soils, from Yearbook for 1898______ .___ ___- Some Examples of the Development of Knowledge Concerning Animal Diseases, from Yearbook for 1899 ___.---_---- - Administrative Work of the Federal Government in Relation to the Animal Industry, from Yearbook for 1899 __--_.------ pa, Sates Dairy Development in the United States, from Year book for 1899____.__.. Development of the Nutrition Investigations of the Department of Agri- Gulttire frompy.ear books fOr BOO eee rte ee eee | Soil Investigation i in the United States, from Yearbook for 1899_- Agricultural Education in the United States, from Yearbook for 1899_- rere in Economic Entomology in the United States, from Yearbook | or Es = ee Progress of Road Building i in the United States, from Yearbook for 1899 _| pe yolopmentic of Transportation in the United States, from Yearbook for Work of the Breeder in Tmpr oving Live | Stock, from Yearbook for 1899_- ae eeu Experiment Stations in the United States, from Yearbook or SSE ee Progress of Economicand Scientific Agr ostology, “from Yearbook for 1899- Soe of Economic Ornithology in the United States, from Yearbook OVP SOO Ree yeaa ee Vie 2 ae ae ee ee a ere pene Development of Agricultural Libraries, from Yearbook for 1899________-- | Progress of Agriculture in the United States, from Yearbook for 1899. - The Relation of Chemistry to the Progress of Agriculture, from Year- booksforisggve ree eee Bie aad Future of Ir rigation in the United States, ‘from Yearbook for oe Ses Progress of Plant Breeding in the United States, from Yearbook for 1899- Work of the Meteorologist for the Benefit of Agr iculture, ye meric and Navigation, from Yearbook for 1899 __ ie Seed Selling, Seed GEONUDE and Seed Testing, from Yearbook for 1899 - A Directory for Farmers, from Yearbook for 1899 _____- - 2 Progress of Forestry in the United States, from Year book for. igang The Practice of Forestry by Private Owners, from Yearbook for 1899_-_- Growth of the Tobacco Industry, from Yearbook for 1899 __ Progress in the Treatment of Plant Diseases in the United States, f from Yearbook for 1899 _____.-_-.-- : E Succulent Forage for Farm and Dair: y, from Yearbook for 1899.__.___-.-- See of Commercial Growing of Plants Under Glass, from Yearbook or 1899 ._ Rabies: Its ‘Cause, Fr equenc y; and Treatment, from. Yearbook for 1900 _- Agricultural Education in France,from Year book for M00! sees oe A Directory for Farmers, from Yearbook for 1900 .......-.....--...----.-- 3, 117,368 2,070 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 319 Farmers’ Bulletins printed, and Congressional and miscellaneous distribution, for 91 92 | Experiment Station Work—IX -._.._.. __- | The Dairy y > Herd: Its Formation and 1 Management - |The Peach Twig-borer—an Important Enemy of 3 | Thirty Poisonous Plants .:...-2). 0) 2 ese buzawe | Sewage Disposal on the Farm | The Manuring of Cotton ------. ------ | Standard Varieties of Chickens ~-- the fiscal year 1900-1901. Distrib- Feeding - aration and Use Feeding Farm Animals Hog Cholera and Swine Plague Peanuts: Culture and Uses Sweet Potatoes: Culture and Uses Flax for Seed and Fiber Weeds, and How to Kill Them. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast Alfalfa, or Lucern Silos and Silage Peach Growing for Market Meats: Composition and Cooking Potato Culture.....-..-- Cotton Seed and its Products - Kafir Corn: Characteristics, Culture,and Uses - Spraying for Fruit Diseases Onion Culture --_--- HanmeDralnacoes a= a ae ase een eee ECS Fowis: Care and Feeding Commercial Fertilizers irrigation in Humid Climates Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant Sheep Feeding----___-__- How to Grow Mushrooms _.------ ture - Experiment Station Work Butter Making on the Farm The Soy Bean as a Forage Crop ----.-------. Bee Keeping Methods of Curing Tobacco Asparagus Culture Marketing Farm Produce --.- Care of Milk on the Farm Ducks and Geese . __- Experiment Station Work—II_ Meadows and Pastures The Black Rot of the Cabbage_--_------------ Experiment Station Work—III The Principal Insect Enemies of the Grape Some Essentials in Beef Production Cattle Ranges of the Southwest.-----. .-.-- Tomato Growing -- ---- The Liming of Soils - -_- Experiment Station Experiment Station Work—VI . Stone Fruits ---.- Corn Culture in the South - The Culture of Tobacco Tobacco Soils - a55 Experiment Station Work—VIL - Fish as Food Experiment Station Work—VIII Alkali Lands - Cowpeas The Manufacture of Sorghum Sirup _- Total GL Miscella- Title of bulletin. number Congress: | 2e0us dis- received. Epa tribution. Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring and for | : es th ede 35, 000 17, 683 6, 700 Peach Yellows and Peach Rosette_-___...-_-- sosoeeee 20, Important Insecticides: Directions for Their Prep- 4,600 1, 647 CRs EE SS eS > Bed re) PES Peas 13, 490 6, 180 Washed Soils: Foes to Preventand Reclaim Them.__|_....._----- 1,090 1, 460 IBAE My Arn van trea eeea ns toys 2 See eRe eee male ee 50, 200 25, 755 7,819 wart. So Fase s RE Sante Dh a0 40, 800 35, 014 8, 000 Foods: Nutritive Value‘and Cost: .22-25-4-22 22.2.2 222. 30, 000 238, 779 11, 162 eh i ee ee eee 45, 300 38, 744 6, 887 Bie seus see Stee Aes Fe ESTs Da SE Bet eh 10, 199 5,399 wees SeE DST Baie Rel) 30, 200 19, 154 5, 943 Ee Sea tee ee 20, 000 5, 566 2,571 30, 000 29, 047 10, 405 Souring of Milk, and Other Changes i in Milk Products. 30, 000 16, 301 7, 099 eee Wale oes 10, 000 3, 610 2, 468 ee nea tat mae oS ALENT DERE iN Se oe 20, 000 18, 368 7, 584 se ee ee eee ites eee cere acme 20, 000 15, 206 6, 334 Sanh TARE rae S) Nea ae 30, 000 21, 158 6, 785 pee DEES chet na feats 15, 000 18, 983 8, 087 Ries cagtetae Lal nave e eS) 55, 000 34, 416 9, 429 ee EL a ae Pe 30, 000 12, 853 3, 452 pe eaee 20, 000 13, 269 6, 136 REECE ek eek baal ove he ea 20, 000 26, 831 9, 083 cs He Sete 47, 000 15,519 5, 618 45, 000 27, 296 6, 233 Neeanhs raed oe BEY 75, 900 56, 887 14, 844 HAC ESSAtD OU tT MLL k= eens eta koe yt ee eee ee eT eee 55, 000 28, 195 7,818 meri LAS EE 7,577 4, 242 Dp Rea T Or Pier IPE fh fe oni 20,500 19, 097 6, 827 Some Insects Injurious to Stored Grain -__.---.-. .--- 10, 000 18,590 4, 342 Re Ae ee ee 20, 000 4, 402 3, 091 SF ca eo 10, 000 14, 996 2,944 eee 35, 000 15, 978 2,588 bn Se dds aoe eR Pea AU ALLL Bae? 20, 000 26, 440 6, 303 Sorghum as a Forage ‘Crop aed e ihe tee 1 Lamb ae ua saad 45, 000 18, 423 4, 909 A AS Fe eae cee” 45, 000 49, 209 15,531 Bhelsuvay Beets soss=- 62 sheesh eae eee eeeos ee Te Sse 46, 800 17, 869 4, 232 eee STE! 12, 187 8, 509 Some Common Birds in Their Relation to “Agr icul- p aby Seas : 20, 000 | 26, 532 8, 695 45, 000 33, 320 9, 323 PRE SEES 2 re Ste oes 15, 000 13,171 5, 0U9 Maal s) ay se one e A Rass ihe ee: '| 55, 000 , 833 7, 897 Bee 10, 000 10,172 4,992 SUS ne ee eee ee eee 15, 000 23, 150 10, 162 ee epee A eae eet ei) sa 9 12, 044 3, 463 Se ae eee en Se ee OS ea ee 40, 200 16,317 8,573 Ronee 20, 600 | 22, 154 6,617 cae de ey hee 45, 000 28, 884 7, 250 25, 760 31, 454 8,477 15, 000 13, 300 4, 569 We Sey racy ea IS oS 30, 000 22, 428 5,710 Rorestry Lor Warmers ios s-5)- eases aes os eaisee acess 30, 000 15, 741 5, 636 Es ee en ee ee A 13,018 | 4, 272 Breet cpl ee see 30, 000 | 10, 926 | 4, 481 SS: 15, 100 11,321 4, 627 Af EA ARLES 45, 000 23, 035 5, 639 : SEE beoeee eee 6, 821 8, 465 | Experiment Station Work—IV .----.------ eee 10, 200 12,2 4, 443 Milk asi 00d). =. 5-18-20 s2scdsq aan ee tessa si. | 30, 120 19, 831 7, 687 BHO) Gran SIM sia are eee = Se ee 30, 000 15,583 4, 707 Boy. Say eee ee bse eee 45, 000 24, 925 9,210 : 2 ee 15, 200 13, 974 5, 559 Wier a a retary ae eae 15, 000 9, 385 4, 410 se etvees olueed 15, 000 8,175 3, 840 eee eet oF oe, - ei ee 35, 000 14, 820 4, 894 BS Se eee Pee eee 30, 000 20, 815 4,813 eee ee eee oe eal ees eee 14,514 3, 937 eee eo em 17, 692 2,942 Bie Ste ee eee a ee te 15, 000 10, 138 4,952 Se ed ee eee ee aie ye che 30, 000 13, 137 7, 089 ¢ 18, 137 7, 842 ae ae ee | , 336 4,477 eee sak meek 4, 926 2,478 Cae ee eee es ed Res spe ee 21, 234 6, 758 ee ae 18, 661 4, 264 Potato Diseases and Their Treatment.__.._..--__----- 41,180 35, 042 8, 863 ee SME 15, 300 13, 039 4, 483 320 DEPARTMENTAL ,. REPORTS. Farmers’ Bulletins printed, and Congressional and miscellaneous distribution, for the fiscal year 1900-1901—Continued. No. of Total | Distrib- | wiscella- bulle- Title of bulletin. number Gan © | neous dis- tin. received. | VOPSTESS- | thibution. men. | Se OBI OU Aras LH OOG f.:- 2 02s Sees ae eee ae ee ee eee eee 10, 803 6, 553 03) Dhe Wegetable Garden) == 222-2 sna 60, 000 48, 705 11, 627 Obi eGoodsRoads tor Harm ers se eee eee 100, 660 81, 141 7,877 06, Raising Sheep for Mittonmess ase e ee ana e gus 30, 471 338, 710 7, 855 experiment Station Work ke see as s a oben eee epee 10, 613 4, 440 98), Suggestions to Southern! Warmers? 222-2 eae ee eee eee 19, 182 3, 806 99 | Three Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. -_-- .----------- 35, 000 18, 430 4, 433 LOOR Eos Raisin Sn GNe iO UG hes ee eno 15, 360 epee 4, 466 BL) Ales) TET ee tis See eo ee eae wie ee eerie ee 15, 000 15, 7 4, 266 1078 Southernwhoracewelantseec sess oeee o= none oe eee 25, 000 15, ioe 3, 916 103 | Experiment Station Work—XI_----------.--------.-.- 15, 300 12, 018 4, 635 104: SNOteSiOnul POS basses osc tenes: Seca ae wees ee eee 45, 000 14, 828 6, 501 105 | Experiment Station Work—XII_-- 15, 000 9, 824 5, 286 106 | Breeds of Dairy Cattle._--......-- eee 2 110, 000 61,920 | 11, 601 107 | Experiment Station Work—XIII 15, 000 15, 229 6, 846 108 | Saltbushes -___. Baa see ek he Seen ae Dane a aea eee aes ee 4, 569 -2, 711 109 | Farmers’ Reading Courses. ___- Ee ater eee 80, 200 34, 140 17,718 110 | Rice Culture in the United States_ Been encom seel 10, 000 5, 822 2,940 111 | The Farmer’s Interest in Good Seed __-.__-_----------| 35, 300 29, 456 6, 009 li2}| (Breadtand) Bread Malkin ge 222222 2 ios eee ee oe eee 50, 280 30, 556 10, 290 113)) Lhe Apple'and How to'Grow.[tl_-.25--- 2 tr 90, 600 62,971 13, 214 114 | Experiment Station Work—XIYV --..------------------ | 20, 100 14, 630 6, 368 115 | Hop Culture in California .__.-----.-- A) te aie eer 2, 281 7, 662 167) sierigation in) Hirai) Growing, <=: os (- aan ane 30, 200 13, 361 10, 777 1l7 | Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in thie Northwest aes sesea ee * 60, 000 30, 524 11, 143 LIS GraperGrowilns sim ihe sou bhi ss= === apenas anne 60, 900 22, 242 9, 966 119 | Experiment Station Work—X V%_-....----.---..--.---- 50, 000 18,514 16, 987 20 | The Principal Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant -- 30, 150 7,435 7, 624 121 | Beans, Peas, and other Legumes aS iMOoOde ss. aoe es 90, 000 34, 036 16, 943 122 | Experiment Station Work—X VI __....--..-----..-..-- 60, 000 12, 490 10, 104 173; RedkClover: see Gysssse= 24: =o eke en eee eee ee 30, 000 13, 372 9, 230 124 | Experiment Station Work— XVil_ Ss StS: 30, 000 8, O17 10, 670 125 | Protection of Food Products from Tauri ious Tem- peraturess2224=- 2: erste 20, 800 4,545 12, 739 126 | Practical Suggestions for Farm Buildings .. ei ie Pee 50, 000 19, 138 17, 770 (a Pin portambinseChCldes = oes. see sees eee 30, 000 3,931 15, 334 128 | Eggs and Their Uses as ogden re es 30, 000 3, 657 10,971 129 | Sweet Potatoes ...-..---..------ = + +222 2-2 -------- 30, 000 4,116 8,018 130 | The Mexican Cotton Boll “Weevil - 30, 000 251 9, 683 131 | Household Tests for Detection of Oleomar: garine and Renovated Butter - a 30, 000 136 5, 020 132 | The Principal Insect Enemies of Growing: Wheat ___- 15, 100 2, 872 2, 228 DO tall aces Sees ees See = oe Ste os ee [he OS ODO COLES eee SO sOLO 821, 343 Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 80, 1901, by quarters. Number and title of publication. QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1900, Received. No. 221. BulletinG. Atmospheric Radiation: A Research Conducted at the Allegheny Obser vatorvandat Providence Rie. <.25 522 ses = san eee eee No. 224. Monthly Weather Review for May, 1900 _......__---. 22-22-2222 212s se lee] No. 225. Monthly Weather Review for June, 1900 __-... ....-.-.-. -_-.-.---_-_-. .--_ 2-2. No. 226. Monthly Weather Review for July, 1900_ Jie Se Os Se ee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898- 99, Part I __ Ll docsheoeee Bee eee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898- 99, Part IIL_ J ee eee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Part IV... .....--.-...__---. -----. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Part V____- eas Work of the Meteorologist for the Benefit of Agriculture, Commer ce, and Navigation. Bound Washington Daily Weather Maps, July 1, 1897, to December 31, 1897 - i AS eoeeee Washington Daily Weather Maps...._......----.---- ood SS Uae ae ee pps Meteorological Chart of the Geos Lakes .).2ntbssiv ieee ee ee eS Climate and Crop Bulletin. ie ae Storm Bulletin No. 1, 1900. West Indian Hurricane of September LOS 1900S 22 Gap TEER Distributed. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92 -_._....-_-.-.-. --- re ae ee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1893 -..-.......---..---.--. --.-------------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894. ...........-......-.---------------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1895-96 ..........-.-.---.---.----.----.-.--. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896-97 .....--..-.----. -- 2222-200 seen eon ee Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98 ...._....--.---...-..--...----------- Nuisber of copies. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 321 Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 30, 1901, by quarters—Continued. 21 AGE 1901 ; Bb De Number Number and title of publication. of copies. QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1900—continued. Distributed—Continued. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol.1.........--.------------------- 35 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92...._..--_------- 84 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894.______.-_-_-__-. aX 13 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1895-96--___.-------- 4 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1896-97 ___--..----.- 18 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98_-....--_._-.---- 42 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99 __....-_.____.-- 139 Deseripiion onCloud MOnmMs ys 2 )~ ooo nae sean wae ena sare awe San ee ape eee enna 270 EDN GEINeN Oa ope ae aoe soe re pe oe Saree eee eet aad raat as babes Sonera scenes eset oe 15 ESE GTO NOD er oa ee as tae a a Sete ore eee So raw a at on ee chncep cesses apse eee ee 27 SHU GpITENOn pore e eee rec ese ae ae eo tees eae eeneteenaenae 2a Serene ee eee 5 BS TPMOLiTig © pee ae mene ey ee hares Ue ORES See Jo ee ans ease a Soe ee ee ve EUS r iy ee ees SEE OL hee i See teen NR es teers ae eae Tees alee 32 PTR Gi tie Bree ee eee ae oe RS? BSN SS Ee Se BE ee BB sae ae ean Seaton eos ea eee 2 asd Seroveruyeluoss Dy; lipnbnin piss = ss cannes ae ne es ONS See ee ges OE ote hs Seis See 24 No. 221. Bulletin G. Atmospheric Radiation: A Research Conducted at the Allegheny Observatory.and at Providence thw. 2s soso ase setae eo eaes mene owen] sae enalae nen noeaee 750 INOS Lom rostimich ting ieee eee oka aas Soo cen a See mae ne ea eee eae ee eee eee 250 No. 224. Monthly Weather Review for May, 1900_.-._--_._---- 4, 400 No. 225. Monthly Weather Review for June, 1900__....-------- 4, 400 No. 226. Monthly Weather Review for July, 1900_---__- ae ee eee. 0. ee 4,000 Work of the Meteorologist for the Benefit of Agriculture, Commerce, and Navigation- 1,500 Bound Washington Daily Weather Maps, July 1, 1897, to December 31, 1897____-----_.-_| 10 Wiachinoton Daily, Weather Maps. «= osc sot ot es ee | 129,960 Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes---..--.-..-..-.----------- ge Pots 2 SU eae 9, 098 Ghimateandi@rop bulletin’: oe 33 =o 2 at hoe et eg awa cnn seb oeo oe eomens rad 53,173 Storm Bulletin No. 1, 1900. West Indian Hurricane of September 1-10, 1900 ..-.-.-.---- 425 QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1900. Received. No. 227. Daily River Stages at River Gauge Stations on the Principal Rivers of the United States, Part VI, for the years 1896, 1897, 1898, and 1899_-...-.-..---------.---... 400 No. 228. Tables of Daily Precipitation for the years 1893, 1894, 1895....--...-..---------- 800 Noy229) Monthly, Weather Review tor, August, 1900-2 == 2-2. = 22 2-5 22-8 eae 4, 450 No. 230. Monthly Weather Review for September, 1900_--..---------------------. .------- 4, 450 No. 231. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1900_-------.--.---------------- 1,000 Rios so Dilletimgr om aWwiOsb ln dian UrtiCanGss 292) sans ee en en ee ee eee mae eee 2,000 No. 233. Circular D, Instrument Division. Anemometry. Second edition_---.-------_. 1,500 No: 2545) Monthly Weather Review for October, 19002---2.--2----- === - 22 = eee 4, 450 Wiashineton) Daily. Weather, Mapsis 2 <<< 22 eas = cea tins eee we ane soca naan e nae seenese ns 137, 742 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes- = 6, 104 @umateyand CropuBulletin = oe es a ae ees eee 13, 258 Bound Monthly Weather Reviews for the year 1899__.._..._------.-.- .---------- ie 200 SN Owe Ane COPE LG Ginter te a te ee en ee ee ane ee ena ae totem 6, 600 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1898-99, Vol. Il....---------------------- 1, 000 Distributed. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92.......-.--------.----------- -------- 6 iReperpoLt Lie Chief of the Weather Bureaw, 1805." 252 ioe eee been ees 4 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894._..__.._--.._-.-.---.----.------------- 4 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1895-96__--..------------------------------- ve Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896-97. .__.-...--..---.-------.------------ 5 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98__...- ....-------------------------- 4 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. 1.---...---.-.----..---------- 134 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. 2___.....-..-..--------------- 3840 Separates from Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92._._.--.------------ 30 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894--_--..-..--------- i Separates from Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1895-96_-._.----------- 13 Separates from Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1896-97-_.--..--.------- 23 Separates from Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1897-98-.-.-_------------ 26 Separates from Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1898-99__._._..___.---. 45 DESCrI PON Orme OUGUHOLMS mses es ee ane vee ee Se ee a ee et oc ra east t ee ee eee ees 304 ESET i Ae ag a ne ae eee nee eee ne rane on Ee ee ee 1 BMUGTINE@ 27sec awed wea sewe esas vas meas Beet Soe een wee oe 3 Bulletin D.----- 15 Bulletin E-.--. 4 Bulletin No. 22-.--.-- eons 7 Ley I Gy PA eae ee ee Se aT ey ee ke Ne a ee ee em a 8 STUNG rst NOR Op es wert oe ete neo oso ee eee eee pee ee nsen eee ont aeen cna e een nee eens 22 TET eM NGS ane vie 8 oe alae 5 SD betel ae EGR Nie) Le Bie LAS i aL es heen Se Eee ee ere ie 22 ES RELIG LENIN Cn eases er ere ee ee ae oe ers A a es Cae Tee? Fo ee ee ceeeene 12 isprdbishmeydr fon eet 2 Shs Uae BN Mee ite RE DY a Pe a ae ane ee ee a ie eR bee a 12 Om dla LOpelb ya NOSSO yan pHpnit essences nn cea snes once ee eee een eee 15 No.2, Bulletin F. Report on Kite Observations, 1898 ......--...----. ee ecee one neee----! a 322 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 80, 1901, by quarters—Continued. Number Number and title zy publication. ofeapigd QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1900—continued. Distributed—Continued. No. 221. Bulletin G. Atmospheric Radiation: A Research Conducted at the Allegheny ObserVatoryscn Gl etels Oa Ci CO ne baer eee oe 610 No. 227. Daily River Stages at River Gauge Stations on the Principal Rivers of the United! States Partovils 189651897, 1898 tari 899 = ee ee a a 360 No. 228. Tables of Daily Precipitation for the years 1893, 1894, and 1895__...----------.-- 728 No. 229. Monthly Weather Review for August, 1900_-_-......------------------------------ 4, 400 No. 230. Monthly Weather Review for September, 1900--.-.....-..--.--------------------- 4, 400 No. 231. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1900_-.......--.---------------.-- 700 Now2s2> Bulletinveee Wiestiin dianthnwricanes jo. -= senor eee ee eee nee 1,300 No. 233. Circular D. Instrument Division. Anemometry. Second edition-.---.-------- 1,500 No. 234. Monthly Weather Review for October, 1900-_.-.......-.-------------------------- 4, 400 Washing toneD allivaVWea ther cls eases ate ae ae ae le le ee 137, 742 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes----...--..--.--..-----. -----.------ «------------- 6, 104 (Oibesaryrarcrparel Ohmoyo yl eG rho tee oer come neaecee ceee ated sens SES res are eecteacesseese 18, 258 Snowsand WeoerBullletin eeecce nee see eee eee e eee onsen ana BE tone ea 92 6, 600 Bound Monthly Weather Reviews for 1899 ...-..-----. -----------. ------ ----~------------- 200 QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1901. Received. No. 235. Psychrometric Tables for Obtaining the Vapor Pressures, Relative Humidity, and Temperature of the Dewar oimteee sos eee a ee eee aa eee: ae eee No. 236. Monthly Weather Review for November, 1900.-.......---.-.-------------------- No. 237. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes. Summary for the Season of 1900. AViO TEM DT WIN Os sl OSS eee oe ele eae ae alee i ce No. 238. Monthly Weather Review for December, 1900.-..--....--.----------------------- No. 239. Monthly Weather Review. Annual Summary for 1900_.-.---------------------- No. 240. Monthly Weather Review for January, 1901_-..--....---------------------. ----- iWashineton Daily Weather Maps. 22) -ocss ss seceese oo corinne aeons ence seen coe naan nee Climate and Crop Bulletin Snow and Ice Bulletin -...-.----- 5 : Washington Daily Weather Maps bound from January 1, 1898, to June 30, 1898-___. ------ Distributed. Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92 -.......-...--.. ------ ------+--------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1893 -.--...---------------- ------ ------------ Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894 _._.-..-._-.--_ -----. -------------------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1895-96 .._._...--..-.------------------------ Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896-97 -_..---.------------ ------------------ Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98 __._....-----.------ ------ ------------ Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. I ----.----.----.---------------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. If ...-.---. -..---------------- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92 _---.------- ---- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1893_----.----- ------ Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1894......-.-------- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1895-96__--. ----_-- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1896-97 ---...------- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1897-98 --...-------- Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1898-99 -._---_-.---- Description of Cloud Forms). Hourth edition os-.2- cn -os meee ne ore ee eae eae Certain Climatic Features of the Two Dakotas ---....-..-. Epa Sie ee a ee Bulletin Aoki os eee ees eaten been care nee cone ao aeee eee ne coon Bulletin Coos. Joes he ar a re ee ae ee ee ra ee eer eee 17700 C20 Be ee ee Sear ae Bee eee a Sa SRE SESE cee tet Bille Gin He eco oe oon case ete ne ois ore mene eee alan cee bee ce a cama ean aoe ee ees Bulletins Ne Pe Re ea ee oan oe eee ee ee ee eee ee BUllabin Gee eee ee ac ee ee a Ee ee eee BS tlie tin tere Se ee ee eae eee ee ee ee eee iBilletin No. 1 APart There Oe ae sr ae orn See oe See are eee re ee ae ele eae eae BallStin NOn14 ee ere ere cre ee ae ee ene eee en ee ee ee Bulletin NOV162 ae See renee eee eee oe re Se eee IB UMLStin NiO. 19! o22 22 eee re ee a ee ee ee ee eee BOS tin INO}225 02 oda sec Bora coc oer ee ere ret ee See che er ee Rr ee Bulletin INO.2322 ok oro eee eee ene area eee Bulletin NOs2bS.. 62 ee re ee eee eee eee Brlletin NO Obra see ee bet er he chee eee ce See ee eee eae een eee nee IB TULIG EIN Oy oe eee ee eo cece aan eee ee peer shee San tes LORS eee oes NoN199; Property Loss by Lightning -_ 2. 222222 202 eae oe Se aoe eee ane ae No. 227. Daily River Stages at River Gauge Stations on the Principal Rivers of the United States, Parts V and VI (four of each part) ---.....--------------- Hod eseis cece No. 235. Psychrometric Tables for Obtaining the Vapor Pressures, Relative Humidity, andiiDemperatere oL the Wew-—b ONL meessere een see cease menee eeeres cee ene cose een No. 236. Monthly Weather Review for Novernber, 1900 ..-.-..-......----.----.----------- No. 237. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes. Summary for 1900, Vol. III, No. 10_. No. 238: Monthly Weather Review for December, 1900.-..-... ..---.---------------- ------ No. 239. Monthly Weather Review. Annual Summary for 1900 .........--...----------- No. 240. Monthly Weather Review for January, 1900-----.-------.--..-.------ --------++-- Washington Daily Weather Maps... ...-yvceeser-e reves rer nearness ces cere gene cage seen cree _ ne HEBESSss 88 Opes ~~ ad Bees SS fea BEC conan Se Saar RENEE Roatownnnccn Sppprpen ro DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. a25 Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 80, 1901, by quarters—Continued. Number Number and title of publication. of copies. QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1991—continued. Distributed—Continued. @himate‘and' Crop Balloting) 3235 sa eect en ee ee eee ne eine nba Soe adactsaaecesasecccens 14, 463 Snowand IceiChart) = ee EEE ode Re ae SE ok oes ode eee ca eee Sane 22, 404 Washington Daily Weather Maps (bound), from January 1, 1898, to June 30, 1898......_- 11 QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1901. Received. No. 241. Circular #, Instrument Division. Second edition. Barometers and the Meas- MLGMOMMOLALINOSPHOMC ETCSSUTO {250 occ a eee a eae nedeaeecse eves os s.caseaeecmomieccce 1,500 No. 242. Monthly Weather Review for February, 1901--..._....__-..-...----.--..-----.-. 4,500 No, 245. Monthly, Weather Review for March, 1901-<- 22: 2-2 2-2 ee ce 4,500 No. 244. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes, No. 1, 1901.-....-.-..---..--..-..----- 3, 000 INo»z45; Monthly, Weather Review for April; 1901e 9 oe a ee re 4.500 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 -_....-....--------.---.------------ 1,000 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part II, List of Observing Sta- fonsangwcnanses heroin Urin Ol890) oe ar Se eee nee ea eee wae eee ees ae 50 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part III, Monthly and Annual MeteorolosicallSammanioses-= i225 --o2s00 ones tee oe eele ay ee ee meee eens chee eae eee 500 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part IV, Monthly and Annual Mean Temperature and Annual Extremes of Temperatures, together with the GasesOiirstiandy lash Killin oUrrOSty LOog semen sae Sonos eee a. aca ee aan eanee Goose eee 200 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part V, Monthly and Annual iPrecipitavion seo: Albstationsr\ 25 seers == eee oe nn 5 aoe Se eeo cas Wee netbeans eee 200 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part VI, Miscellaneous Mete- oroloricallDablesiand Reports) 22223. 6 2 eno sno asleep naan eee seasiaaewereeacee aes 250 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Part VII, Meteorological Obser- Vabions on tune second Wellman Bxpeditioneesss so sse eo noone eet ce ease beee cess ace cues 500 Washington Daily Weather Maps (bound), from July 1, 1898, to December 31, 1898, ine@tasiVese=s == - 522 —--- PERRIER c waite ans see ae age oN aa eee apa ome eran ee tee me een eee 11 Washington Daily Weather Maps (bound), January 1, 1899, to June 30, 1899, inclusive il Washing tonvPailysWweather=Maps: - soe lence oc cae aececiee cone tee cone eee seces eo sj-neoes case 142,050 Climateandi Crop Bulletine = eno oes ons sonapee ne oot ace swans eeaesc cnwaieeeeeee sees 55, 476 Distributed. Report of the’Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92.........-...-- 22-200 ---e0- en none eee 6 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1893_.......-.-.----.--.----------------------- vi Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894__........---.+--.2- ------------ ---------- 10 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1895-96.__....-.-..-.------- -------2 enone =--- v4 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896-97 ___..-.-...---------+---1-----.----=--- 6 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98_--....2......-....-------------------- 6 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. I_.....-.-.-.---------.---------- % Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. II_---..----.----------.--------- 10 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900_. .-...--...--.---.------------------ 985 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1891-92_-__-...-.--..---- 81 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1894_.--..__..--....---- 5 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1895-96.-_-.-----.------ q Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896-97___..-..._-.----- 15 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1897-98_-_..----..------ 31 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1898-99_____.__... .--.-- 6 Separates from the Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1899-1900_ _-...--... 679 Bulletin Nios ude Part DUT 22k eee: Refi ey eee) soe) Pe sbee welt Mee ep Cee bps se AU Ue 4 BRU EIN GN 14 ee 8 ae see ace tres Soke os ie wea ee eee Deen ie sae eS ee 5 BS TL GLTAN O sal Gets oe 2 Sacer af ee eee ae ree Sa een ee eee ee Em ee EUS Roe 6 IBTNBDIMING, 192 oo oR. soi eee aeee sede sions See cc b cts ea tienen Sate eh Reh 3 (RATING GINO On tee ae eetae = oo tena oe sete ee a near Os oa ores Se a SR IS Stal Su beer ca ee 4 BallGhinUNO: 23 acto cssecet cesses ce een ae oeae see een as a oseos ad sone e ao oe deen weet eda an ee eecee 5 BiH rINN OS 20s oe dae ois s cea asa ee Cee te ee ad oe eee: A aoe ne a ee oe a ee 14 IS TMIOHINUN Of 20b os sce eta coves wace cee aa eee rae eee ea ee cat eS nets ites EE Se ae 25 SHALE PINON On PO nec o cic een a, ta ee ee ELS rae a aera na oro ey eats oe SE roe ER Ee ee Ree 5 Ste bitwise saan oe oe eee as cea sense eee sa ee erase ee tee aac een eEaeeee 17 TS WU GI Bf a Seo ae oo eras Se coe eee eee at acne acne asso canaaeceeee SS 8 oie ee B} Bulle pinin ess esse sas cook ese once ees aar aa eiete oes Siee ee eos conte caaceedse coer 6 Balti Garo ae aetna re eae dacniea owas aah eee Sa aw cereal ac Sanje Soe tele se eniseee aoe seo eee 5 BS Ui e binge ae a eee sa ae aces oo atc cceee te oheae cose ombes ob oe cte Sec waeckas cone wusee wees lene. 29 INORL9U SE rOperiValOssiDyAlsi en tnin pee sot ea ee ee oe ee ee eae ee se ee 11 No. 241. Circular F, Instrument Division. Secondedition. Barometersand the Meas- pnemMentiOies tun Osphoric) Pressure: <2) noes nes eee eee we eee ee coi dg ewntencscece 1,500 No. 242. Monthly Weather Review for February, 1901-_........... eo err ais Sane ia =) meee 4, 450 No» 245, Monthly, Weather Review for March, 1000 22222 2-22-22. ooo cece s--- pene news 4,450 No. 244. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes, No. 1, 1901 -.........-.--.------------- 3, 000 No. 245. Monthly Weather Review for April, 1901..-.-......---... --.-...-------.-------- 4, 450 Waster Daily Weather Maps (bound), from July 1, 1898, to December 31, 1898, a THC UI SLY Gite ee ee oo SS oy PS. 3. Sh pdaninuecwat ous Seale seen neeee Washington Daily Weather Maps (bound), from January 1, 1899, to June 30, 1899, EPI GLUSIV Cosa ee see ee ee an a, cee ae Cowsed ao sens Reeds or euseloioseds Seegconess 11 Wiatshin Se tOneDallvaWiGabheroVatstepes=— eset nemo | ono. eee aa ean ne ban sess weer een ooee 142,050 Climate and Crop Bulletin -.-..-..._.... if Bes) 55, 476 DescriptigmosL ClOU GLE OFS s-e oe ieee) pee FO _ oS ie ora ce eee son ee eee een 43 324 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. DAILY WEATHER MAPS, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, SNOW AND ICE BULLETINS, AND CLIMATE AND CROP BULLETINS ISSUED BY WEATHER BUREAU. The following shows the number of copies of Washington Daily Weather Maps, Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, Snow and Ice Bulletins, and Climate and Crop Bulletins of the Weather Bureau issued each month from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901: Daily Weather Maps, Meteorological Charts, Snow and Ice Bulletins, and Climate and Crop Bulletins issued by Weather Bureau. : Number Maps, charts, and bulletins. of copies. WASHINGTON DAILY WEATHER MAPS. WiashinetonDallyaWwiecabnner Maps rd ULy ql Q00 2 snenee -cinen ee ceceatea nc masinses oe aeeniaeeees 36, 600 Washington Daily Weather Maps, Ausustol900! 22252025 ooo e eee eae enone someon eee 46, 520 Washington Daily Weather Maps, September, 1900. ---_----- oo see 43, 840 Washington Daily Weather Maps, October, 1900_.-. ----.-.------- 2-2-5 22.255 8 eas ee 47,556 Washington Daily Weather Maps, November, 1900 -.---..------..------------ -------- 2) 44,418 Washington Daily Weathers Maps, December, 1900s. = ens ee ee en ee 45, 768 Washington Daily Weather Maps, jantary,n 01s ens ene eee ae eee 46, 888 Washington Daily Weather Maps, February, 1901 ---...--..-.---- See Cee ee Sane te enna 43, 920 Washine ton Daily~Wweather Maps March = 1902s oe) eee ee eee ee ee 47,238 Wiashinetony Dailyawweather Maps. A prilesl OOD seven. ses ee a me eee a ee eee 48, 030 Washington Daily Weather Maps) May. lO0INS= = iis: Seco. seer eee onan aes ene 48, 080 Washington Daily Weather Maps, dunes 90leeeee seer seas aoe eee eee ee eae eee eae 45, 940 Total = 222 tora Pees saa aad oe cise oleae = ee owen eo oeet eeee he ate eee 544, 798 METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS OF THE GREAT LAKES. Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, July, 1900). 2. -22 2222 22 See ece eee cancun ceeces 8,029 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, August, 1900_--.---..------------- .----------- 3, 039 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, September, 1900 ......-.-.-.-.-------.-------- 3, 034 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, October, 1900 -.-..-.. --------_---.------------ 3, 025 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, November, 1900 .-......-..-..-.---. .--------- 3,075 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, December, 1900.------.-. -------.-.----.---.- 3, 029 Meteorological Charts of the Great Lakes, No. 1, 1901, W. B. No. 244 --.....-.---..-.-.-- 3, 000 Total soos resents ewcess sanete se sesee osteo eestee Sti. ese ee i ee 21,231 SNOW AND ICE BULLETINS. Snowsand lee bulletins; December, 900) s-.-- a sesee se tees ee ee eee eee eee 6, 600 Snowsand lcesBulletinssJanuary.l90l 32 aa= eee oe eee eee 8, 824 Snowsand Lee Bulletins Webriiar yal QOL 2 tes era re ee ee ee ees 7, 200 Snowand Ice: Bulletins; March, 190): --s225 2s. eee ot coe teen eee e aes eee nese nee 7,380 Notaliias Ashes See sacs eee Ss esate Se Ee a ee oe eee 30, CLIMATE AND CROP BULLETINS. Climateiand Crop Bulletins July, 190052222 snes snes Soe annie een els eee eels ee eee 20,795 Climateiand| Crop Bulletins,,August; 1900) s2- 2532-32 ae ose ne aoe eee 16, 729 Climate and: Crop Bulletins, September, 19002. sa ee ee eee eee eee 16, 649 Glimateiand Crop Bulletins, October s1900 oxen ose oe eee ee ee eee 4,163 Climateiand/Crop/Bulletins, November, 190022 = =n es emi ene eee enn eee 4,500 Chimateiand Crop Bulletins; December ylO0) sees. ne seca e ene eee eee een ee 4,595 Climateand Crop Bulletins; January, 190M eee ee one Sanne ee ee eee eee 5,135 Climateand| Crop Bulletins, Hebruany, 1900 teen. oe cer ee oa ee aoe eee = eee eae eee 4, 656 Climateand Crop bulletins! pMiareh Oy eee senate ete ee ee 4, 672 Climate‘and' Crop Bulletins; ‘Aprils 190s ae a ee eee nen eee 21,: Glimate'and Crop Bulletins; May, 190U = oo 02. csessseaccsoseas co ecee- ass en aes ee 17,586 Climaterand Crop Bulletins, June; WOO ee gee ae asec on eror me reerinene sae nee eee 16, 560 REPORT OF THE FORESTER. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF FORESTRY, Washington, D. C., October 10, 1901. Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the work of the Division of Forestry for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, together with an outline of the plans for the work of the new Bureau for the current fiscal year. Respectfully, GIFFORD PINCHOT, Forester. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. GENERAL PROGRESS. During the past year the demand for the services of the Division of Forestry has continued steadily to outstrip its resources. In particu- lar, the demand for forest working plans has notably increased, although the gain in acres is less than for the previous year, since the latter included the whole area of the National forest reserves, and no other single application of parallel magnitude is possible. Beyond the increased demand for the services of the Division, and the increased appreciation of its work in which this demand had its rise, the most notable fact of the year was the advancement of the Division to be a Bureau by the agricultural appropriation bill approved Mareh 2, 1901. The Bureau of Forestry came into existence July 1, 1901. The Bureau is now called upon to give practical assistance and advice in the management of National, State, and private forests’on about 50,000,000 acres, an area larger than that covered by the State of Nebraska. It has become to the people of the United States the recognized source of help in the handling of timber tracts and wood lots, the making of forest plantations, the study of commercial trees, and the investigation of important forest problems. It is occupying more and more fully its natural position as adviser in all forest mat- ters in this country. During the past year the preparation of the results for publication has been somewhat overshadowed by the urgent demand for field work, to satisfy which must always be the first duty of the Bureau. Provision has, however, been made for the prompt preparation of reports for publication in future, and the large number of manuscripts on hand will be made ready as rapidly as possible. Satisfactory progress has been made during the year in the further organization of a body of trained men, which was wholly lacking 325 326 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. until recently. The expansion of this force, which has been a matter of great difficulty in the past, will be comparatively easy in the future, since the Bureau may now look for a steady supply of trained men from the forest schools. The steady growth of public interest in the preservation and wise use of forests during the past year is a subject for congratulation. Not only has the interest in forest management spread among impor- tant lumber companies and other holders of forest lands, but the interest in forest preservation has taken firmer hold than ever before of those portions of the country whose prosperity depends upon their water supply. The intimate relation of forests and waters is being realized in the West with a practical force that is altogether new, and it may fairly be expected that from this time on one of the most powerful aids toward forest preservation will be the cooperation of the irrigation farmer. There has been a marked development of the forest movement in the South during the past year. The growing appreciation of the advantages of practical forestry is here, no less than in the North, largely the direct result of practical assistance from this Division to private owners in handling their forest lands. Interest in tree planting has revived in the central West to a very marked degree, as a result of the efforts of this Division, and the promise of still wider and happier results is exceptionally bright. EFFICIENCY AND GROWTH. It is believed that the practical efficiency of the Division has never been at a higher point than during the past fiscal year, and it may fairly be hoped that with larger resources and more numerous trained men, and with a further development of the esprit de corps which was already a marked characteristic of the Division, the Bureau of Forestry will reach that still higher plane whose attainment is a necessary con- dition to the fulfillment of the possibilities which lie in the immediate future of Government forest work. The larger work of the Division so far outgrew its old rooms, together with all the additional space it had been able to secure from kindred organizations in the Department of Agriculture, that it was forced to find larger quarters. On May 1 it took possession of the seventh floor of the Atlantic Building, 930 F street, NW. Tentative arrangements have been made for necessary expansion to other floors of the Atlantic Building, since the present quarters are already becoming too small, It is a gratifying fact that for the calendar year 1900 the average sick leave taken by employees of the Division of Forestry was but 7.4 per cent and of annual leave but 65.9 per cent of the legal.allowance. SECTION OF WORKING PLANS. . PRIVATE LANDS. The applications from private owners for assistance in handling their forest lands number 38 for the past year. ‘l'wenty-one are for timber tracts and 17. for wood lots, the total area covered being 288,555 acres. The total area of private lands to July 1, 1901, for the management of which assistance has been requested since the publi- cation of Circular No. 21, in October, 1898, is 2,804,648 acres. This circular outlines the terms on which farmers, lumbermen, and others ~y; os LIVISION OF FORESTRY. 2 may cooperate with the Bureau in handling their forest lands. Coop- eration on these terms was undertaken in order to create practical examples of the conservative management of private forest lands, to show its advantages over ordinary methods, both to the owner and to the forest, and then by publication to spread a knowledge of the work and its results as widely as possible. Areas of 200 acres and under are examined, and methods of handling are advised, entirely without cost to the owner. In the preparation of detailed working plans for larger tracts, the owners were required to pay the traveling and field expenses of the men engaged in the work, amounting to about one- half the cost of the necessary studies on the ground. Personal examinations were made during the year of 14 timber tracts and 3 wood lots in 11 States, covering 788,890 acres. Five detailed working plans were made. One of these was for 100,000 acres of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Grant, Jefferson, and Saline counties, Ark.. the property of the Sawyer and Austin Lumber Com- pany. The field work necessary to this working plan occupied a party of 6 men for six months. It included the measurement of the stand . upon 1,900 acres and of the rate of growth of 625 trees, with a careful study of the forest, the habits of its trees, and the conditions neces- sary to their successful reproduction. An investigation was made of the effects of fire on the forest and the best means of preventing its recurrence in the future. The effect of present methods of lumber- ing was studied in order to advise those modifications which, without encroaching too far upon present profits, will hasten the production of a second crop upon the lumbered area. In brief, the field work included a thorough expert examination of the forest and its possibili- ties to serve as a basis for the best business policy in its management. The tract of the Sawyer and Austin Lumber Company is generally favorable for practical forestry. It contains an excellent stand of merchantable timber, for which there is a steady market. The log- ging and transport of timber are not expensive. The reproduction of the pines, and particularly of the Loblolly, can be assured cheaply under effective protection against fire. Another detailed working plan was made for a tract of 52,000 acres, in Dunklin and Pemiscot counties, Mo., owned by the Deering Har- vester Company. This forest, situated in the moist and fertile valley of the Mississippi, contains valuable hardwoods, particularly oak, ash, and hickory, in mixture with trees of little or no commercial impor- tance. In addition to the good opportunity which it offers for con- servative forest management on a sound financial basis, this tract presents at least one exceedingly interesting and important silvicul- tural problem, namely, to foster, by cutting, the reproduction of the valuable hardwoods against that of the trees of little commercial value with which they occur in mixture. A third large tract for which a working plan was made during the fiscal year was one of 1,600 acres near Lenox, Mass., the property of Hon. William C. Whitney. It is a second-growth hardwood forest from 15 to 40 years old, from which the first growth has been entirely removed. The problem here was to improve the quality of the future mature stand by the removal of worthless kinds and of stunted, unpromising, and malformed trees. It has been found that these cuttings pay, and they will consequently be continued throughout this forest. A fourth working plan was completed for 60,000 acres of spruce, 328 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. pine, and hardwood in the northern Adirondacks, the property of Mr. William G. Rockefeller. The area is notable as containing one of the most valuable bodies of White Pine in New York. In addition to those completed, the preparation of working plans was begun upon five timber tracts with a total area of 628,000 acres. One of these, 80,000 acres in extent, lies in the Great Smoky Moun- tains of eastern Tennessee, a region which offers a wide field for prac- tical forestry and in which the Bureau is doing its first work on a large scale in that State. The field work done on this tract included a careful study of the more important hardwoods, particularly of the White Oak and Yellow Poplar. A tract of 350,000 acres in Maine, owned by the Great Northern Paper Company, is the largest area of private ownership for which the Division has definitely undertaken a working plan and in several ways one of the most promising. The larger portion of the tract is on the Penobscot River near Moosehead and Chesuncook lakes. The country contains a network of lakes and ponds surrounded by low hills, between which are long stretches of fairly level land. It is in consequence admirably adapted to the cheap logging and transport of soft-wood timber. The forest is composed chiefiy of spruce and fir, - with a varying mixture of hardwoods. The object of the owners is so to lumber the tract as to insure a sustained supply of soft-wood timber for their mill. It is a noteworthy fact that, before applying for a working plan for its land, the Great Northern Paper Company had already shown its appreciation of the advantages of conservative forest management by incorporating in its logging contracts several of the more important rules which govern lumbering now carried on under the supervision of the Bureau of Forestry in the Adirondacks. It is believed that the voluntary adoption of these rules by a paper company is the strongest argument in their favor yet made. In the Adirondacks there are now four tracts to which practical forestry is applied under the direction of the Bureau. One tract of 10,000 acres was added during the year, and the total area under man- agement in that region is now 156,470 acres. An important experi- ment in thinning second-growth hardwoods has been undertaken on the 14,000 acres of hardwood land in Massachusetts to which refer- ence has been made, in order to test the opportunity to make a profit and improve the stand. The results, coupled with the study of the rate of growth of New England hardwoods now in progress, will be of direct value in suggesting lines along which similar New England woodlands may be advantageously handled. The first year’s work in practical forestry on the 6,000-acre domain of the University of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., has been satisfac- tory. Thecutting advised in the working plan was carried out under the direction of an agent of the Division. It left the forest in good condition and yielded a profit at least equal to that usually earned by ordinary lumbering under similar conditions in that neighborhood. This Bureau is now acting as the referee between the State of New York and the Moose River Lumber Company, the holder of a contract to lumber township 8, Herkimer County, N. Y., which now forms a part of the Adirondack Preserve. At the joint request of the Forest, Fish, and Game Commission of New York and the president of the company, the Division of Forestry agreed to mark the timber to be cut under this contract, and to assist in the location of lumber roads, the expense of the work to be borne by the company. This request for DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 329 what is practically a combination of arbitration and forest manage- ment is a gratifying mark of the influence of the practical field work of the Division of Forestry in the Adirondacks. The total area of private forests actually under the management of the Bureau of Forestry is now 176,975 acres. Of the tracts of which preliminary examination was made during the year and for which detailed working plans will be made as soon as possible, one of the most promising is that of the Okeetee Club, near Ridgeland, 8. C. This consists of 60,000 acres of Longleaf Pine land in Beaufort and Hampton counties, about 30 miles north of Savannah. It presents a notable opportunity for the study of the Longleaf Pine and of the relation which fire bears to its reproduction. The fact that it is at the same time thoroughly well adapted for practical for estry makes the preparation of the working plan one of the important pieces of work to be undertaken by the Bureau. The tract of the Moose River Lumber Company, in the Adirondacks, has been examined and a working plan recommended. That this working plan is now in preparation is significant of the growing appre- ciation by lumbermen and business men generally of the adv: antages of conservative forestry. PUBLIC LANDS. During the past year the Division, as rapidly as its force and its appropriation would allow, has pushed the preparation of working plans for the National forest reserves. This exceedingly important piece of work is the result of a request upon the Seeretary of Agri- culture from the Secretary of the Interior for technical advice regard- ing the management of the reserves, which comprise an area of 46, 828,449 acres. During the year the field work necessary to a working plan for the Black Hills Forest Reserve was completed. It occupied a party of 16 men for four months, and included a thorough study of the West- ern Yellow Pine, or Bull Pine, of local questions of lumberi ing, grazing, and fire, and of those conditions generally which must determine the best. management of the reserve. The total stand of timber and young growth was measured upon 10,234 acres and the rate of growth of 4,500 trees was ascertained, to serve as a basis for calculations of volume and yield. The working up of these results is nearing com- pletion. There is no other forest in the United States in which prac- tical forestry is more urgently needed, or in which results of such importance may be more easily achieved than in the Black Hills For- est Reserve. It is practically a pure forest of Western Yellow Pine, remarkable for the abundance of its reproduction and its thorough adaptation to practical forestry. Upon its preservation depends the timber to supply a great and rapidly growing mining industry which has built up and now maintains the prosperity of this region. Its effect upon the water supply, without which mining in the Black Hills must fail, offers a most striking example of the influence of forests upon stream flow. Already vast expenditures have been made to bring from other streams the indispensable water supply formerly taken in abundance from sources which have failed since the destrue- tion of the forest. Examinations preparatory to working plans were made of the Pres- cott, Big Horn, and Priest River forest reserves, a total area of 2,249,600 acres. Next in importance among the duties of this section to the work in 330 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. the Federal forest reserves is the preparation of working plans for practical forestry in the New York State Forest Preserve, the result of a request by the Forest, Fish, and Game Commission in the winter of 1900. The purpose of this request was to enable the commission to present to the legislature an authoritative statement of how the preserve should be handled under practical forestry and upon it to base definite recommendations. The working plan for township 40, Totten and Crossfield purchase, Hamilton County, N. Y., was completed, and has recently appeared as Bulletin No. 30 of the Division of Forestry. It is the result of the most careful study on the ground which has ever served as the basis for a forest working plan in this country. This study shows that township 40 is fully adapted for practical forestry, and that it contains a sufficient quantity of accessible mature timber to insure profitable lumbering under conservative methods. The original for- est which still covers the township includes large quantities of mature and over-mature trees, the prompt marketing of which is necessary both in order to avoid direct loss by decay and to improve the conditions of growth for the young trees, which must make the forest of the future. The working plan for township 40 outlines in detail a safe, practicable, and profitable method of lumbering the soft-wood timber, which will improve the condition of the forest, pro- tect the sources of water supply, and leave untouched the value and beauty of the township as a public preserve. This working plan was made under a State appropriation of $2,000 for the expenses of the agents of the Division of Forestry while in the field. During its last session the New York legislature appropriated $3,500 more to prepare working plans for townships 4, 6, and 41. This work was begun in May of the present year and continued throughout the summer. FOREST MEASUREMENTS. No small part of the work of the Section of Working Plans lies in the computation of results obtained in the field by both this section and the Section of Special Investigations in its studies of commercial trees. During the year this work comprised the calculation and casting into final tables of measurements of the total stand of young and old trees on about 19,000 acres, and of the rate of growth of over 9,000 trees. EXPENDITURES. The total expenditures during the year by the Section of Working Plans were $29,088.73, or 32.9 per cent of the total appropriation. Of the $12,775 contributed by private owners as their share of the expenses in the preparation of working plans begun during the year 1900-1901, $1,785.36 had been expended at the end of the fiscal year. SLCCTION OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS. This section has a wide and increasing field. It includes many important lines of investigation, among which are studies of com- mercial trees, forest fires, grazing, log scales, forests and water supply, the compilation of forest histories, and the investigation of forest products. The section is confronted by a number of forest problems whose solution is of direct and urgent importance to the best develop- ment of our natural resources. DIVISION OF FORESTRY. Sor STUDIES OF COMMERCIAL TREES. The studies of Redwood and of Red Fir and Western Hemlock, continued from last year, have been completed. These studies, which embody the results of careful and very extensive investigations on the ground, will be prepared for publication during the current year. Incident to the preparation of a working plan for the Black Hills Forest Reserve by the Section of Working Plans, a very extensive study of the Western Yellow Pine was carried on. This study, the first made by the Division of Forestry, will form the basis for a con- tribution to the knowledge of a most important timber tree. The collection of similar data for this tree was begun toward the close of last year in the Prescott Forest Reserve, Arizona. A careful study was made of the Big Tree groves in the California sierras, and their ownership was ascertained. In view of the incom- plete information hitherto available for these groves, this study is of great value, both to show their comparative suitability for reserves and for the general knowledge of the tree. A number of groves, hitherto unrecorded, were examined and mapped in the course of an investigation of the northern part of the Sierra Forest Reserve. Of the monographie studies of Red Cedar, White Cedar, and Bald Cypress, completed last year by the late Dr. Charles Mohr, that of Red Cedar is now in press. Dr. Mohr had also completed studies of eleven of the more important oaks. Frequent requests are received for precisely the information given in these unpublished monographs. Incident to a working plan for the tract of the Sawyer and Austin Lumber Company in Arkansas, valuable data were collected for the Loblolly and Shortieaf Pines, while a thorough study of the Longleaf Pine in South Carolina was begun. In the preparation of a working plan for a forest tract in the northern Adirondacks, the growth and habits of the Balsam were investigated. The importance of this tree for the manufacture of paper pulp is increasing steadily with the decreasing supply’ of spruce. A similar study of the Balsam was begun in Maine as a part of the field work necessary to the working plan for the tract of the Great Northern Paper Company. In the preparation of a working plan for the domain of the Uni- versity of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., the study of the important hardwoods of that region was well begun; while a large number of measurements were obtained for White Ash, Hickory, Cow Oak, and White Oak, during the making of a working plan for the tract of the Deering Harvester Company in Missouri. Incident to a working plan for a tract in Massachusetts an impor- tant study of the second-growth hardwoods of that region was begun, and has been extended widely during the year over second-growth lands in other portions of New England. COOPERATIVE WORK. In cooperation with the U. 8. Geological Survey, a study was made of the region of the proposed Appalachian Forest Reserve. This investigation was specifically authorized by Congress and had for its object to ascertain the suitability of the region examined for a National forest reserve, the probable cost of such a reserve, and to consider the direct and indirect returns under practical forestry. One of the important results of the work is a map, showing the woodland, tim- oor DEPARTMENTAI. REPORTS. berland, and agricultural and other lands within the area of 9,600,000 acres examined. An examination of 3,049,120 acres in the Sierra Forest Reserve was made, also in cooperation with the U. 8. Geological Survey. Special attention was given to the kind, quality, distribution, and stand of the forest trees. The effects of lumbering, fire, and sheep grazing on the forest were also noted. A map which accompanies the report shows the distribution of forest and other lands, the density of the forest, and the location of lumbered, burned, and grazed areas. FORESTS OF NEBRASKA AND TEXAS, An extensive investigation of the present forest condition of Nebraska was begun and earried far enough to demonstrate the practical feasibility of replanting large areas hitherto believed to be permanently treeless. An elaborate report on the forests of Texas was completed and will be published during the coming year. STUDY OF SHEEP GRAZING. During the season 12 of the Federal forest reserves were examined with special reference to the effects of grazing on the forest. The result of this work was to develop, in harmony with the conclusions reached after similar study in the past, a workable system of proposed regulations, whose enforcement would sustain equally the welfare of the forest, of the uses of water, and of the grazing interests. STUDIES OF VARIOUS FOREST SUBJECTS. Forest fires.—An extended study on the ground was made of forest fires and reproduction in the North Park and Medicine Bow Moun- tains of Colorado. Special attention was given to this subject in the reserves of Arizona, California, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. In the historical study of forest fires, records of about 1,800 fires were added during the year, bringing the total number recorded to over 10,000. Forest history.—Histories of lumbering in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas were undertaken, and that of New York was pushed far toward completion. Log scales.—The first volume of the Woodman’s Handbook is near- ing completion. It contains information useful to foresters, forest students, lumbermen, and laymen. A feature of the preparatory work for the Handbook is an exhaustive collection of American log seales, with a discussion of their comparative accuracy. Forest products.—A useful report has been prepared on the maple- sugar industry. It deals with the history and distribution of the industry and with methods of manufacture of the pure and unadul- terated product. FOREST EXHIBITS. The forest display installed at the Paris Exposition in the spring of 1900 remained on exhibition during the remainder of that calendar year. The general purpose of the exhibit was to illustrate the rela- tion of forests to agriculture. Its most notable part consisted of 92 DIVISION OF FORESTRY. aoe transparencies, bromide enlargements, and maps, some of the first being the largest glass picturesever made. The exhibit was awarded a gold medal. The forest exhibit of the Department of Agriculture at the Pan- American Exposition was prepared in the Division of Forestry, and was installed by June 20, 1901. It consisted chiefly of colored trans- parencies and bromide enlargements and maps, and illustrated the general progress and condition of forestry and forests in the United States. M:SCELLANEOUS. Much attention was given during the year to the photographie col- lections and to the identification of botanical specimens submitted by the various Divisions, by the National Museum, and by several State experiment stations. With the Bureau of Plant Industry, a plan for labeling trees on the grounds of the Department was devised, a list of names was supplied, and attention was given to the placing of the labels. EXPENDITURES. The total expenditures of the Section of Special Investigations were $21,616.73, or 24.4 per cent of the total appropriation. SECTION OF TREE PLANTING. There has been notable development in the work of this section dur- ing the year. The plan of cooperative planting when first announced drew many applications for small tracts, principally in the prairie States. The practical assistance given in these eases and the better understanding of the purpose and results of economic tree planting have since drawn applications from a wider territory and for larger tracts. Owners of unprofitable cleared or treeless land are beginning to see in the cooperation offered by the Bureau a means of rendering their lands valuable, and are applying for assistance in planting. The proof given by examples on the ground that commercial plan- tations are profitable in the Middle West has started a movement toward large plantations of timber for the production of fence posts, telegraph poles, and railroad ties. Private landowners are entering this work in increasing numbers every year. Several railroad com- panies are seriously considering large plantations of forest trees, and are already in consultation with the Bureau. The study of the encroachment of forests on the plains has already shown that portions of the semiarid public lands, wholly unfit for farming and of little value for grazing, can be forested at reasonable expense. If further investigation shows that large areas of such land can be reclaimed in this way, as it seems altogether likely to do, a vast field will be opened for useful work. COOPERATIVE TREE PLANTING, The applications for assistance in forest planting numbered 148 for the fiscal year; 46,145 acres were examined and detailed planting plans were prepared for 5,785 acres. The greater number are for small tracts. There is a conspicuous increase in the number of large tracts for which planting plans are asked. Applications are on file 334 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. for several tracts of over 5,000 acres each. In other instances the planting begun on small areas will be extended over hundreds and even thousands of acres as rapidly as the facilities for planting will permit. Requests have been received for planting plans for commer- cial plantations in the treeless plains, for the production of fence posts, telegraph poles, and railroad ties. Fertile agricultural land is employed for these purposes, there being no longer any question that such land can, under certain conditions, be used as profitably for a forest as for an agricultural crop. For all this planting the Bureau of Forestry furnishes direction and advice. The planting material and the necessary labor are inva- riably furnished by the owners. STUDIES OF PLANTED WOODLANDS. 4 Forest measurements were made in 32 of the largest commercial plantations in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, and Kansas, including the Hunnewell, Munger, and Yaggy plantations, and that of the Kan- sas City, Fort Scott and Memphis Railroad. These results are of the highest value, not merely in showing the growth of some plantations in these regions, but especially because they exhibit also the profit- able nature of these undertakings. A bulletin embodying the results of these studies is in preparation. FOREST ENCROACHMENT ON THE PLAINS. This investigation, tentatively begun a year ago, was continued in nearly all the States of the Great Plains. The immense area to be covered will make the investigation a long one, but it has already yielded important information on tree planting in many localities. The work was done mainly in connection with the field work for coop- erative tree planting and the studies of planted woodlands, but in May, 1901,a careful investigation was begun in Nebraska to deter- mine the possibility of reclaiming portions of the nonagricultural public lands by judicious planting, and by protection from fire and grazing. This study was carried far enough to show that portions of the sand hills, heretofore considered almost worthless, can be forested with valuable timber at comparatively small expense. Much attention was given during the year to the spread of infor- mation on tree planting. Circular No. 22 was revised and enlarged, and more than 10,000 copies were sent out. A Farmers’ Bulletin, “Tree planting on rural schoolgrounds,” was prepared and submit- ted for publication. Forty mimeographed circulars giving directions for the planting and care of various species of forest trees were pre- pared, and a special mailing list of 2,000 names was compiled. Pub- lic lectures, illustrated with lantern slides, were frequently given by the members of the section while in the field. EXPENDITURES. The expenditures for the Section of Tree Planting during the year were $9,523.61, or 10.8 per cent of the total appropriation. SECTION OF OFFICE WORK. PERSONNEL. On July 1, 1900, the number of employees in the Section of Office Work was 14, During the year this number was increased by the DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 335 appointment of 3 stenographers, a property clerk, 2 library assistants, 2 photographers, 2 laborers, and 2 charwomen, being a total of 26 employees in this section at the close of the fiscal year. In addition to the above, the Section of Office Work carried on its rolls an accountant, who was assigned to duty with the division of accounts. The total amount expended for salaries in this section was $19,233.39, LIBRARY. The main collection of forestry literature still remains in the Depart- ment Library, as the quarters assigned for the library of the Bureau are inadequate to store this collection. Only such works, therefore, as are most frequently referred to are kept in the Bureau library. There are at present 110 bound volumes and 1,300 pamphlets in the Bureau collection. During the year 3,200 newspaper clippings were purchased, and these have been numbered, classified, indexed, and filed. A large part of the old subject index has been revised and copied, and, in addition, 15 French, German, and English periodicals have been regularly indexed. A file has been kept of all Congressional bills, acts, documents, and reports bearing on forest topics. The photograph collection of the Bureau numbers 4,968 prints, of which 2,000 have been fully described, labeled, and classified, and are ready to be catalogued; 567 lantern slides were added to the collec- tion. A special case has been made to hold the slides, and they will be arranged to correspond with the photographs. During the past year the library staff was too limited to record properly the mass of collected material, but it is expected that during the coming year com- plete records will be kept, all the accumulated material catalogued, and current accessions regularly disposed of. ACCOUNTS. The following statement, prepared by the accountant, gives the expenditures in the different sections of the Division for the fiscal year July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901: Expenditures for fiscal year 1900-1901. Salaries. Expenses. P Per | P stot er er er cento eetion pee eae contiot cantor Toren total 5 ota ota ota appro- Amount. Sobel appro- Amount. ex- | appro- ture. pria- aioe) | DOs; pendi-| pria- tion. * | tion. tures. | tion. Chief of Division..-_....---- $2, 500. 00 3.9 | Pets ee oe Reece paeecese | ZL D) 2.8 Working plans ---.--------- 22, 933. 02 35.9 25.9 1$6, 155. 71 24.9 7% 129,088.73 82.9 Special investigations ---_- 14, 180.38 22.2 16 7, 436. 35 30.2 8.4 |21, 616.75 24.4 Mreemlanting 2----e--2-50- 5, 022. 48 7.9 5.7 | 4,501.18 18.3 5.1 | 9,523.61 10.8 Officerwork--25------- s-= 17, 146. 48 26.8 19.4 | 2,338. 43 9.5 2.6 |19, 474. 86 22 PHoOpoerapls.----<-5e2- 2,096. 96 3.3 2.4 | 1,880.13 7.6 2.1 | 3,977.09 4.5 JNStrUuMments: .- 2s sess) so5e2s22= om) sanoes2-|oa5sase- 2,338. 98 9.5 2.6 | 2,338.98 2.6 A _...| 263, 869.27 | 100 72.2 |24, 650.73 | 100 27.8 88,520 00| 100 _ a The large percentage of the total appropriatiou paid for salaries requires explanation. The proportion between 72.2 per cent paid for salaries and 27.8 per cent paid for expenses does not represent the relative importance of field and office work in the activity of the Bureau. A very considerable part of the field expenses was met by the contributions of owners of forests for which plans were made. It should be remembered also that the cost of computing the field results, which appears wholly under the heading of salaries, is necessarily very great, 336 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. CORRESPONDENCE AND PUBLICATIONS, Close attention was given to the prompt handling of correspond- ence. With few exceptions action was taken and acknowledgment made within forty-eight hours after the receipt of any communica- tion. The increase in the amount of correspondence recorded for the previous fiscal year was maintained. The correspondence for the year numbered 15,051 letters, as against 5,800 for the preceding year. During the year there were published three bulletins (25,000 copies), two extracts from Yearbook (30,000 copies), the Report of the Forester for 1900 (8,000 copies), and six press bulletins (19,100 copies), a total of 82,100 copies. In addition there were reprinted 1,000 copies of Bulletin No. 22; 4,000 of Bulletin No. 28; 2,000 of Cireular No. 12; 2,000 of Cireular No. 21; and 22,000 of Circular No. 22, to which should be added a Congressional reprint of Bulletin No. 24, ‘‘A Primer of Forestry, Part I” (35,000 copies), of which 20,000 copies were placed at the disposal of the Division of Forestry. There were distributed in all 81,575 copies. MAILING LIST. In the early part of the fiscal year a radical change was made in ths manner of distributing bulletins. Because of the largely increased demand, it was decided to forward them only upon application. Notices of their appearance, with brief descriptions, are now sent to those persons whose names are on the mailing list of the Bureau, and applications are honored in the order of their receipt. The annual report of the Forester, the circulars of the Division, and the reprints of its contributions to the Yearbook of the Department are sent to all addresses on the mailing list, as heretofore. PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY AND FIELD INSTRUMENTS. At the beginning of the fiscal year the photographie laboratory was placed in a satisfactory working condition, and excellent work was done throughout the year; 4,778 films and plates were developed; 6,632 prints were made, and altogether 16,474 items of work were performed. During the year the supply of field instruments was largely in- creased, the total amount expended for this purpose being $2,338.98. At the beginning of the present fiscal year the Bureau was well fur- nished with the tools necessary for its work in the field. QUARTERS. On May 1, 1901, the Division was removed to more commodious and satisfactory quarters in the Atlantic Building, 930 F street NW. EXPENDITURES. The expenditure for the Section of Office Work during the year was $28,290.93, or 31.9 per cent of the total appropriation. WORK FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. FOREST MANAGEMENT. PRIVATE LANDS. It is expected that working plans will be completed for 5 timber tracts, upon which field work has already been begun, These tracts DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 337 have a total area of 628,000 acres. A working plan for the 60,000- aere tract of the Okeetee Club, near Ridgeland, 8. C., will be begun in the early winter. Preliminary examinations will be made of about 1,000,000 acres of Longleaf Pine land in Texas, 50,000 acres of Longleaf Pine land in South Carolina, 16,000 acres of hardwood land in North Carolina, 60,000 acres of hardwood land in Tennessee, 10,000 acres of Shortleaf Pine land in Georgia, and 17,000 acres of second-growth hard wood land in New York, and will be followed by working plans for some of these tracts. As many other examinations as possible of private forest lands, for which assistance has been requested, will be made. It is intended to devote more attention to the study of wood lots than has been practicable during the past year. PUBLIC LANDS. Preliminary examinations will be made of 4 of the Federal forest reserves, and the field work incident to working plans will be begun upon at least 2 of them. Plans already in preparation will be contin- ued or completed. INSPECTION. Markings and inspection of lumbering will continue upon those tracts in the Adirondacks which are under the oversight of the Bureau, upon the 6,000-acre domain of the University of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., and upon a 14,000-acre tract near Lenox, Mass. Markings and inspection will be begun upon the 14,000-acre tract of Mr. E. H. Harriman, in New York, and upon other lands for which they are requested and advised in working plans already prepared. COMPUTATION, An effort will be made to complete the working up of all field results obtained during the year. The quantity to be handled exceeds con- siderably that of the fiscal year 1900-1901. FOREST INVESTIGATION. STUDIES OF COMMERCIAL TREES, Studies of important hardwoods will be carried on in the Smoky Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. The investigation of second- growth hardwoods in New England and of Balsam in Maine will be continued, while a study of the White Pine in Michigan will be begun. Western Yellow Pine will be studied in South Dakota and Arizona, and Sugar Pine and the Bristle-Cone Fir in California. Monographie studies of Southern timber trees will be continued, and will inelude the hickories, additional important oaks, ashes, elms, beech, chestnut, tulip poplar, lindens, and sweet gum. STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICAN FORESTS. Forest distribution in Nebraska, Colorado, and Montana will be investigated. The study of the influence of forest cover on the run- off of streams, begun in southern California during the last fiscal year, will be continued. At the request of the Michigan State Forest Commission a study AGR 1901 2) ht had 338 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. will be made of State forest lands in Michigan, in order to devise a plan for their management. The forests of the Sacramento Moun- tains of New Mexico will be studied on the ground. GRAZING. Studies of the effect of grazing on the forest will be continued in Wyoming (Yellowstone Timberland Reserve and Teton Forest Reserve), in southern New Mexico (Sacramento Mountains), in the southern and central California forest reserves, and in Montana. STUDY OF FOREST PRODUCTS. In cooperation with the Bureau of Chemistry, important investiga- tions will be begun of native trees of the United States and Philip- pine Islands yielding commercial tan barks, resins, andgums. About fifty species will be studied during the year. The recent establish- ment in the Bureau of Chemistry of a dendro-chemical laboratory makes this investigation possible. A study will be made of the production of commercial resins by Southern pines, particularly of the Longleaf Pine, and an effort will be made to devise an improved method of tapping. The need of a less destructive method than the one now in use is greatly felt. An investigation of the supplies of railway timber available from forest plantations, especially in the Middle West, will be undertaken. Special attention will be given to the study of timber trees producing railway ties in the shortest time. A study of the conditions, causes, and prevention of decay in rail- road and other timber will be undertaken ona large seale in collabora- tion with the Bureau of Plant Industry. This is work of the first importance ‘ COOPERATIVE WORK. Forest descriptions will be made of additional areas in the region of the proposed Appalachian Forest Reserve, and in the southern por- tion of the Sierra Forest Reserve of California, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey. A preliminary forest description and study of important forest problems are to be undertaken in Vermont. In cooperation with the Maryland geological survey forest deserip- tive work will be continued covering 4 of the best timbered coun- ties of the State. STUDY OF FOREST FIRES. Studies of forest fires will be made this year in Wyoming, Cali- fornia, New Mexico, Idaho, Michigan, Maine, and other States. The collecting of forest-fire records will be continued, and will include the examination of a large number of Western papers. PROPOSED INVESTIGATIONS. Other lines of investigation which will be undertaken, if the resourees of the Bureau will permit, are as follows: A study of various woods, with a view to determining those suitable for the manufacture of excelsior, DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 339 Studies and experiments to show the fuel value of various woods as compared with that of hard and soft coals. TREE PLANTING. Extensive forest measurements will be made in the planted wood- lands of New England and the Eastern States, and additional facts will be collected in the »lantations already studied in the Middle West. The study of forest encroachment on The Plains will be con- tinued, with Nebraska as one of the principal fields. As many pre- liminary examinations for planting plans as possible will be made. Some of the applications are for very large tracts, notably one of 8,000 acres in Wisconsin and one of 160,000 acres in Washington. The demand for work in tree planting has already far outgrown the resources of the office, and is still increasing. * ‘it mys 40a ings § UL Ade ee ae ' F » ; PS Gad) aay 4 7 ae | ] ‘ J ~“ VAR Nl, REPORT OF THE STATISTICIAN. ‘ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF STATISTICS, Washington, D. C., November 4, 1901. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the work of the Division of Statisties for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901. Respectfully, JOHN HYDE, Statistician. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS. With a smaller appropriation available for its work than was ex- pended for a like purpose in any fiscal year from 1891 to 1898, inelu- sive, the Division of Statistics has endeavored to meet the ever-growing demand for statistics of the agricultural industry. It handled during the fiseal year nearly 2,500,000 returns from a corps of correspondents numbering about 250,000, the results appearing in 15 ordinary and 6 special reports, of which over 1,500,000 copies were printed. The work has consisted largely, as in past years, of the preparation of reports relative to the principal products of the soil, including the extent and geographical distribution of the area of production, the condition and prospects of the crop during the growing season, and the quantity, quality, and disposition of the product harvested. These reports, together with the latest information concerning the erops of foreign countries and other statistical matter of general interest, have been published in the monthly Crop Reporter. Of this publication there were printed during the year a total of 1,434,000 copies. This number was utterly inadequate for the requirements even of the Department’s statistical correspondents, and I earnestly recommend the printing of at least 250,000 copies of each future issue. The Department’s statistical correspondents render most valuable service without compensation, and while the impracticability of print- ing special reports in sufficiently large editions to permit of their gen- eral distribution among so numerous a body of men is fully recognized, correspondents should surely be given a publication embodying with the results of their own work so much other timely information of interest and value to them. SPECIAL REPORTS. The special reports prepared or issued during the year comprise the following: ‘‘The course of prices of farm implements and machin- ery for a series of years,” by George K. Holmes; ‘‘The cotton crop O41 342 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. of 1899-1900,” by James L. Watkins; ‘‘ Wheat growing and general agricultural conditions in the Pacific coast region of the United States,” by Edwin 8. Holmes, jr.; ‘‘ The cereal crops of European Russia in 1900,” by E. T. Peters; ‘‘ Rates of charge for transporting garden truck, with notes on the growth of the industry,” by Edward G. Ward, jr., and Edwin 8S. Holmes, jr.; and ‘‘ Wages of farm labor in the United States.” Of these publications there were printed 93,000 copies, making the total number of copies of publications issued by this Division during the year 1,527,000, not including the reprint of the article on the ‘‘ Influence of rye on the price of wheat,” by E. T. Peters, which appeared in the Y earbook of the Department for 1900, nor the reprint of the statistical appendix to the Yearbook, which is mainly the work of the experts of this Division. A SPEEDIER DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION. For several years past determined efforts have been made, with the cooperation of the Public Printer, to expedite the publication and distribution of the monthly crop reports, so that as little time as pos- sible might intervene between the issue of the telegraphic summary and the receipt in the most remote agricultural county of the com- plete report. On May 31, 1901, however, at a time when the keen- est interest was prevailing throughout the entire South as to the extent of the newly planted acreage of cotton, a card containing the most important points of the Statistician’s re eport on the subject was mailed to 24,000 post offices in the Southern States within three hours of the publication of the telegraphic summary, with a request that postmasters would give it prominent display in their offices. This was done largely as an experiment, and so successful was it that within a few weeks its operation was extended, with the most gratifying results, to the grain reports. A farmer has now only to visit the nearest post office to see the Statistician’s latest report on the principal crops, and the measures adopted by the Public Printer and the Postmaster- General have reduced to a minimum the time necessary for placing this important information within the farmer’s immediate reach. To attain this result the cards are addressed before they are printed, and the reading matter, with the exception of the actual figures of the report, is put into type. oe o Bri ; eo ; im ere, ; aie ae 7 fs if ia Fiat a a er es Phan? ih Pb i my Milan Na GRY Wee pk iad: Hoey) + diel erin La ii ieee a oe as ieee or! nn LO a en eo . ae eit ym aw ye ee a CMe Gi Ay.) ae Wee ais hs ae a ee gL Sd is ave a! ok ae | Viger | tet i (->c8 th TP akevTF - oe Cray - 27; to “ Lee 4 paakae™ 6 »? Ul alte re | a, bi) pan. «| ae eu aay U| : test) oe eres of | 4 . , ei + § | ass Sie fy De. ead) ve 8 6 i 5 ‘ 3 ih ware Bhaily lbs: a Wee Vel) i» ted Lied. Wl? eRe 20? agi (tere ae (eye | ee Lie area) aah ere fy.) Metin ; ae TLE Bk hdfc moe WL 7 is Vee i eee aoe ura # fl i witty > & TA ET we. i oe ee, ALI? ik a 7 > | oh De iit oe: rie Mth thea tee ‘Abd F.1d jo petals ihds 4 Re AP l hia Pee ya hea aie Ye Ain Sil ms ee ea ientye vA dala MAR ae Uh ges ee ae) A ee [as as ee ie be ¢ 7 aut ‘igV ia. A Pe). Aves ul tie gar ite). ; ‘eae os 1S oo | er ry, 1a * Pi bin Ogee noel ate jeeeo dhftnel a A ‘ om 1) afucte re 7 7 >? @ P ~ ~ : . = i@u =e a oo oe ™y * em a \ Fere sh ies ri nd AY RG pie ve eT Oy ie eee ee cg ely iard dai * s qouhar ial = i) ’& iis it 6 Lae i Pi . as ie ; ’ (id) | plé il hl n » LM ey > vo WJ "il . t WAAL a: . As ae ng a miter, ny Pal Se Manes